Jain Dharma ka Prachin Itihas Part 2

Author(s): Balbhadra Jain
Publisher: Gajendra Publication Delhi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090193/1

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa (dvitIya bhAga) bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI saMgha-paramparA preraka adhyAtma yogI pramukha AcArya zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja sampAdaka va lekhaka paramAnanda zAstrI prakAzaka nIraja jaina gajendra pablikezana 2578, galI pIpala vAlI, dharmapurA, dillI-110006 dUrabhASa: 3285932PP.

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prastAvanA saMskRti ko mAnava jIvana ke vikAsa kI eka prakriyA kahA jAya to koI atyukti nahIM hogii| saMskRti zabda aneka arthoM meM rUta hai una saba arthoM kI yahA vivakSA na ra mAtra saMskAroM kA sudhAra, sudi sabhyatA, prAcAra-vicAra sAdA veSa-bhapA aura rahana-sahana vivakSita hai| prAcIna bhArata meM do saMsvAtiyA rahana prAcIna kAla se pravAhita ho rahI hai| donoM kA apanA apanA mahatva hai phira bhI donoM hajAroM varSoM se eka sAtha raha kara bhI sahayoga aura virodha ko prApta hotI huI bhI eka dUsare para apanA prabhAva graMkita kiye hue haiN| inameM eka vaidika saMskRti hai aura dUsarI avaidika / vaidika saMskRti kA nAma brAhmaNa saMskRti hai| isa saMskRti ke anuyAyI mAhmaNa jaba taka brahma vidyA kA anuSThAna karate hae apane prAcAra-vicAroM meM dRDha rahe, taba taka usameM koI vikAra nahIM hayA, kintu jaba unameM bhogecchA aura lokepaNA pracura rUpa meM ghara kara gaI, taba ve brahma vidyA ko chor3akara zuSka yajJAdi kriyAkApar3oM meM dharma mAnane lge| usameM vaidika saMskRti kA kramazaH hrAsa honA zuru ho gayA / apane usa prAcIna mUla rUpa se mukta hokara vaha prAja bhI ujjIvita hai| dasarI adika saMskRti ko zramaNa saMskRti kahate haiN| prAkRta bhASA meM ise samana aura sumana kahate haiM aura saMskRti meM zramaNa / samana kA artha samatA hai, rAga-dveSa rahita paramazAnta avasthA kA nAma samana hai, athavA zatru mitra para jisakA samAna bhAva hai aisA sAdhakopayogI samaNa yA zramaNa kahalAtA hai / zramaNa zabda ke aneka artha hai parantu una arthoM kI yahAM vivakSA nahIM hai, kintu yahA~ unake ayoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| zrama dhAtu kA artha kheda hai, jo vyakti parigraha pizAca kA parityAga kara ghara bAra se koI nAtA na rakhate hae apane zarIra se bhI nispaha evaM nimohI ho jAte haiM, bana meM yAtma sAdhanA rUpa zrama kA yAcaraNa karate haiM apanI icchAnoM para niyaMtraNa rakhate haiM, kAya ko zAdi hone para bhI khinna nahIM hote, kintu viSaya-kapAyoM kA nigraha karate hue indriyoM kA damana karate haiM ve samaya para zramaNa kahalAte haiM / athavA jo bAhyAbhyantara grandhiyoM kA tyAgakara tapazcaraNa karate haiM, prAtma-sAdhanA meM niSTha aura jJAnI evaM vikA bane rahate haiM-(zrAbhyanti bAhyAbhyantaraM tapazcarantIti amaNaH) jo jubhA-zubhatriyAoM meM acche bure vicAroM meM puNya-pApa rUpa pariNatiyoM meM tathA jIvana, maraNa, mukha-dukha meM aura prAtma-sAdhanoM se niSpanna paristhitiyoM meM rAgI dveSI nahIM hote pratyuta samabhAvI bane rahate haiM ve zramaNa kahalAte haiN| jo sumana haiM..pApa rUpa jinakA mana nahIM hai, svajanoM aura sAmAnya janoM meM jinako dRSTi samAna rahatI hai / jisa taraha dukha mujhe priya nahIM hai, usI prakAra saMsAra ke sabhI jIyoM ko bhI priya nahIM ho sktaa| jo na dusaroM kA svayaM mArate hai-na dukha saMkleza utpanna karate haiN| aura na damaroM ko mArane prAdi kI preraNA karate haiM / kintu 1. (ka) jo samato jA numaNo, bhAveza jai raNa hoi pAmaNo / mAga ajayamago samo amAraNA'vamANe tu / / jaha na gamana bhiyaM duHkha jAriNaya sameva sabdha jIvANa / na hAda na hapavizya samaNagaI teraNa so smgo|| -(anuyogadvAra 150 (kha) yo ca sameni pApAni aNu thalAni saccaso / samitantA hi pApAnaM samayoti pabuJcati / / (dhammapada 16-17

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 2 mAna-apamAna meM samAna bane rahate haiM, vahI sacce zramaNa haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne likhA hai ki jo zramaNa zatru aura bandhu varga meM samAna vRtti haiM / sukha-dukha meM samAna haiM loha praura kaMcana meM samAna haiM jIvana-maraNa maiM samAna hai. vezraNa hai: samasattu baMdhu vaggo samasuha dukkho psNs-nnivN-smo| samaloTTa kacaNo puNa jIviya maraNe samo smnno|| jo pAMca samitiyoM, tIna guptiyoM tathA pAMca indriyoM kA nigraha karane vAlA hai, kaSAyoM ko jItane vAlA hai, darzana, jJAna, caritra sahita hai vahI zramaNa saMyata kahalAtA hai| paMca samido tiguttopaMtheviya saMvaDo jidksaano| dasaNANANa samAgo samaNo so saMjado bhaNiyo / / sthAnAGga sUtra (5) kI nimna gAthA zramaNa ke vyaktitva aura unakI jIvana vRtti para acchA prakAza DAlata hai| uraga-giri-jalaNa-sAgara-Nahatala-taruNaNasamora jA hoii| bhamara-niya-dharaNi-jalaraha-ravi-pakSaNasamona so samaNo / / jo uraga sama (sarpa ke samAna) parakRta guphA maThAdi meM nivAsa karane vAlA, girisama-parvata ke samAna pracala, jvalanasama-agni ke samAna pratRpta-agni jaise tRNo se atRpta rahatI hai, usI taraha tapa-teja saMyukta zramaNa sUtrArtha cintana meM atRpta rahatA hai| sAgarasama-samudra ke samAna gaMbhIra, AkAza ke samAna nirAlamba, bhramara ke samAna aniyata vRtti, maga ke samAna saMsAra ke dukhoM se udvigna, pRthvI ke samAna kSamAzIla, kamala ke samAna deha bhogoM se nilipta, sUrya ke samAna binA kisI bheda bhAva ke jJAna ke prakAzaka aura pavana ke samAna avaruddhaM gati, zramaNa hI loka meM pratiSThita hote haiM / Upara jina zramaNoM kA svarUpa diyA gayA hai ve hI sacce thamaNa haiN| praniyoga dvAra meM zramaNa pA~ca prakAra ke batalAye gaye haiM, nirgandha, zAkya, tApasa, geruya aura prAjIvaka / inameM antabAhya granthiyoM ko dUra karane vAle viSayAzA se rahita, jina zAsana ke anuyAyI muni nigraMtha kahe jAte haiN| sugata (buddha) ke ziSya sugataH yA zAkya kahe jAte haiM, jo jaTAdhArI haiM, vana meM nivAsa karate haiM ve tApasI haiM, raktAdi vastroM ke dhAraka daNDI kahalAte haiN| jo gozAlaka ke mata kA anusaraNa karate haiM ve prAjIvaka kahe jAte haiN| ina zramaNoM meM nirgantha zramaNoM kA darjA sabase U~cA hai, unakA tyAga aura tapasyA kaThora hotI hai, ve jJAna aura viveka kA anusaraNa karate haiN| aise sacce zramaNa hI zramaNa saMskRti ke pratIka hai| isa zramaNa saMskRti ke Adya pratiSThApaka Adi brahmA RSabhadeva haiM jo nAbhirAya aura marudevI ke putra the, aura jinake zata pUtroM meM se jyeSTha putra bharata ke nAma se isa deza kA nAma bhArata varSa par3A hai| mahA~ bandha meM prajJA zramaNoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai / (Namo paNha smnnaa')| 1. niggaMtha sakka tAbasa merU pAjIva paMcahA samaNA / tammiya nigaMthA tebe jiraNa sAsarAbhavA murigaNo / sabakAya sugaya sissA je jarilA teu tAbasA bhnniyaa| je gosAla gamaya maNu je ghAurattavatyA tidaNDigo gelyA teNa // sarati yannati teu AjIvA -(anuyogavAra a 120 2. nAbhe: punazca RSabhaH RSabhad bharato'bhavat / tasya nAmnaH tvidaM varSa mArataM ceti kIya'te / / (viSNapurANa ba.1 agnIdhra sUno nAbhestu RSabho'bhUtasuto dvijaH / RSabhAd bharato jo vIraH putra shtaabrH|| yeSo khalu mahAyogI parato jyeSTa zreSTha guNa bAsIta / yenedaM varSa bhAratamiti vyapadizanti // bhAgavata 5-6 .

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prastAvanI bauddha paramparA meM bhI zramaNoM kA ullekha hai| dhammapada meM likhA hai ki jo aNu aura sthUla pApoM kA pUrNa rUpa se zamana karatA hai vaha pApoM kA zamana karane ke kAraNa samaNa hai| "yo ca sameti pApAni aNuthUlA nisava so| sammitattAti pApAnaM samaNeti pazcati // " (16-10, isI dhammapada (26-6) meM eka anya sthAna para likhA hai 'samucariyA samaNoti bccti'| samAnatA kI pravRtti ke kAraNa 'samaNa' kahA jAtA hai dhammapada (16-6) meM batalAyA hai ki vrata hIna tathA jhUTha bolane vAlA vyakti kevala sira mur3A lene mAtra se 'samaNa' nahIM ho jAtA, jo icchA aura lobha se vyApta hai vaha 'samaNa' kase ho sakatA hai? 'muMDake na samaNo anvatto alaka bhaNaM / icchA lobha samApanno samaNo ki bhvissti|" prAcArya kunda kundane zramaNa dharma kA sundara vyAkhyAna kiyA hai, aura batalAyA hai ki jo duHkhoM se unmukta honA cAhatA hai use zrAmaNya dharma ko svIkAra karanA cAhie-"paDivajjavu sAmaNNaM javi icchadi bukkhprimokkhN'| isase zramaNa dharma kI mahattA kA bodha hotA hai| jinasenAcArya ne mahApurANa meM RSabhadeva ko vAta rasanA batalAte hae usakA artha nagna kiyA hai:-'digvAsA vAtarasano ninthezo nirmbrH| (25-2-4) / vaidika sAhitya meM bhI zramaNa kA ullekha ukta artha meM kiyA gayA hai| bhAgavata ke (12-3-16) ke manusAra zramaNa janama: santuSTa mAmA aura go bhAvanA ge gulla, zAnta dAnta, titikSa, atmA meM ramaNa karane vAle aura samadRSTi kahe gaye haiN| santuSTAH karuNA maitrAH zAntA vAntAstitikSavaH / mAtmArAmAH samazaH prAyazaH zramaNA jamA // isI grantha meM vAtarazanA zramaNoM ko AtmavidhA vizArada RSi, zAnta, saMnyAsI aura amala kaha kara Udhrvagamana dvArA unake brA loka meM jAne kI bAta kahI hai| "zramaNA vAtarazanA prAtmavidyA vizAradaH" (zrI bhAgavat 12-2-20) "pAtarazanAya RSayaH zramaNAUrdhvamanyitaH / brahmAkhyaM dhAma te yAnti zAntAH sanyAsino'malAH (zrI bhAga. vaidika sAhitya meM 'zramaNa' kA ullekha aneka granthoM meM milatA hai Rgveda meM vAtarazanA muni kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, usameM unake sAta bheda bhI batalAye haiN| para una saba vAtarazanA muniyoM meM RSabha pradhAna the| kyoMki arhata dharma kI zikSA dene ke lie unakA avatAra huA batalAyA hai| . "munayo vAtarazanA pizaMgA dhazate malA / vAta sthAna prAji yAnti yaha vAso pravikSata / / unmAditA mauneyena vAtAM prAtasthimA vayam / zarIrehasmAkaM yUyaM martA so abhipazyatha / / " (Rgveda 10-136, 2, 3) atIndriyArtha darzI vAtaravAnA muni mala dhAraNa karate haiM jisase ve piMgala varNa dikhAI dete haiM, jaba ve vAya kI gati ko prANopAsanA dvArA dhAraNa kara lete haiM-roka lete haiM taba ve apane tapazcaraNa kI mahimA se dIvyamAna ho kara devatA rUpa ko prApta ho jAte haiN| sarvalaukika vyavahAra ko chor3akara hama mauna vRtti se unmata vata (utkRSTa mAnanda sahita) vAyu bhAva ko-azarIrI dhyAna vRtti ko prApta hote haiM, aura tuma sAdhAraNa jana hamAre bAhya zarIra mAtra ko dekha pAte ho, hamAre sacce prAbhyantara svarUpa ko nahIM, aisA ve vAtarazanA muni prakaTa karate haiM / Rgveda ko ukta RcAoM ke sAtha kezI kI stuti kI gaI hai1. jUni-yAtajUni-viprajUni-vRSANaka -karikRta-etaSAH RSiGgaH ete vAtarazanA manuyaH / (Rgveda maM0 10 sUkta 135)

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__ jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 2 kezyagniM kezI viSa kezI viti rodsii| kezI vizvaM svaIze kezIde jyoti rujyate // (Rgveda 10-136-1) kezI agni jala tathA svarNa aura pRthvI ko dhAraNa karatA hai, kezI samasta vizva tattvoM ke darzana karAtA hai / kezI ho prakAzamAna (jJAna) jyoti (kevala jJAnI) kahalAtA hai| kezI kI yaha stuti dhAtarazanA muniyoM ke kathana meM kI gaI hai| jisase spaSTa hai ki kazI vAta razanA muniyoM meM pradhAna the| kezI kA artha keza bAlA jaTAdhArI hotA hai siMha bhI apanI kezara (pAyAla) ke kAraNa ve.zarI kahalAtA hai / Rgveda ke kezI aura vAtarazanA mUni aura bhAgavata purANa meM ullikhita vAtarazamA thamaNa evaM unake adhinAyaka RSabha kI sAdhanAoM kI tulanA dRSTavya hai| kyoMki donoM eka hI sampradAya ke vAcaka haiM / vaidika RSi vaise tyAgo aura tapasvI nahIM the, jaise bAta razanA muni the| ve gRhastha the, yajJa yajJAdi vidhAnoM meM mAsthA rakhate the, aura apano laukika icchAoM kI pUti naH lie tathA dhana ityAdi sampatti ke lie indrAdi devatAnoM kA AhvAna karate the, kintu vAtarazanA munigrantavahyi mAnthayoM ke tyAgo, zarIra se nirmAho, parISajayI aura kaThora tapasvI the, baiM zarIra se nispRhI, vana kaMdarAoM, guphAnI, yora vRkSoM ke tale nivAsa karate the| zramaNa saMskRti vedoM se prAcIna hai, kyoMki vedoM meM tIca tIrthakaroM kA-RSabhadeva, ajita nAtha aura neminAtha kA-ulalekhAdA veda sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai, usameM vAtarazanA muniyoM meM dheTha RSabhadeva kA ullekha hone se jaina dharma kI prAcIna paramparA para mahatvapUrNa prakAza par3atA hai / yadyapi vedoM ke racanAkAla ke sambandha matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| kucha vidvAna unheM IsvI san se 1000 varSa pUrva kI racanA mAnate haiM aura kucha praura vAda kI mAnate haiN| yadi thedoM kA racanA IsvI san se 1500 varSa bhI pUrva mAnI jAya to bhI zramaNa saMskRti prAcIna ThaharatI hai| jaina kalA meM RSabha deva kI aneka prAcIna mUrtiyA~ jaTAdhArI milatI haiN| prAcArya yati vapasa me tiloya paNNatti meM likhA hai ki usa gaMgA kuTa ke jAra jaTA mukuTa se zobhita prAdi jinendra kI pratimAeM haiN| una pratimAnoM kA mAnoM abhiSeka karane ke lie ho gaMgA una pratimAoM ke Upara avatINa huI hai| jaisA ki nimna gAthA se spaSTa hai| prAdi jiNa paDimAno jdd'muddsehrillaayo| pAMDavobarazmi gaMgA abhisittu maNA va paudi / rAMbapeNa ne pamacarita (3-288) --"cAsoddhatA jaTAstasya rejurAkula muurtyH|" aura punnATa saMghI jinasena harivaMza purANa (9.204) meM "ta prAva jaTAbhAra bhrAjiSNu" rUpa se ullekhita kiyA hai| tathA prapatraMza bhASA ke sakamAla caritra meM bhI nimna rUpa ullakha pAyA jAtA hai: ''paDhamU jiNavaru nnaaNvaaNvbhaavnn| jaDa-mauDa bahasau visaha mayaNAri NAsaNu / amarAsura-jara-thuya calaNu / sattatattva Napayatya jayaNayahi payAsaNa lobAloya payAsayaru jasuupANau NANu / so paNaveppiNu risaha jiNu astraya-sokkha NihANu / / ' jaTA-bAza-kasara saba eka hI artha ke vAcaka hai 'jaTA saTA kezarayoH' iti modinI / isa sava kathana para se janArthako puSTi hotI hai| kazI aura RSabha eka hI haiM, kyoMki Rgveda vI eka RcA meM donoM kA eka sAtha ullekha huA hai aura vaha isa prakAra hai: kakardave vRSabho yuyata prAsIda pravAcIt sArathirassa keshii| . dudhayuktasya dravataHsahAnasa Rcchanti mA niSpado mudgalAnIm / / (Rgveda 10.102, 6) 1. bhavamata purAe 5-6, 28-31 Fi Indian Philosophiy vul, I p. 287

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prastAvanA isa sUkta ke RcA kI prastAvanA meM nirukta meM 'mudagalasya hRtA gAva / prAdi zloka uddhRta kiye gaye haiM, jina meM batalAyA hai ki mudagala RSi kI gAyoM ko cora carA le gae the, unheM lauTAne ke lie Rpi ne kezI capana kA apanA sArathI banAyA, jisake vacana se be gaue~ Age na bhAgakara pIche kI ora lauTa par3I isa RcA kA bhASya karate hue sAyaNAcArya ne kezI aura vRSabha kA vAcyArtha pRthak batalAyA hai, kintu prakArAntara se use svIkRta bhI kiyA hai-"athavA asya sArathiH sahAya bhUtaH prakRSTa kezI vRSabhaH avAcIta bhrazamazabdayat" ityaadi| mudgala RSi ke sArathI (bidvAna netA) kezI vRSabha jo zanoM kA vinAza karane ke lie niyukta the, unako bANI nikalo, jisake phalasvarUpa jo mudgala RSi kI gauveM (indriyAM) jute hue durghararatha (zarIra) ke sAtha daur3a rahI thI ve nizcala hokara maudagalAnI (mudgala ko svAtmAvRtti) kI mAra lATa par3A, arthAt mudgala RSi kI indriyA~, jo svarUpa se parAr3a mukha ho anya viSayoM kI ora bhAga rahI thA ve unake yoga yukta jJAnA natA kasA bapana ke dharmopadeza ko sunakara anta strI ho gaI'-apane svarUpa meM praviSTa ho gii| Rgveda ke (3-58.3) sUkta meM-"tridhA baddho vRSabho rora voti mahAdevo mAna vivaMza / " batalAyA gayA hai ki (darzana-jJAna-caritra se anubaddha vRSabha (RSabha) na ghoSaNA ko mora va eka mahAn deva ke rUpa meM matyA / praviSTa hue| isa taraha veda, bhAgavata aura upaniSada meM zramaNoM ke tapazcaraNa kI mahattA kA bhI varNana upalabdha hotA vaha mahatvapUrNa hai aura usakA sambandha RSabha deva kI tapazcayoM se hai| zramaNoM ne Atma-sAdhanA kA j| utkRSTatAna prAdarza loka meM upasthita kiyA hai tathA prahisA kI pratiSThA dvArA jA prAtma nibhayatA prApta kii| usa samaya saMskRti kA gaurava sarakSita hai| zramaNa saMskRti ne bhAratAya saMskRti ko jo ahisA aparigraha anekAnta pAra pAdvAda Adi mahattvapUrNa siddhAntoM kI apUrva dena dI hai, usase bhAratIya santa paramparA yazasvo huI hai| bhagavAna napabhadava isa santa paramparA evaM zramaNa saMskRti ke bhAdya pratiSThApaka the| unakA isa bhUtala para abatArata e bAta kAla vyatIta ho gayA hai, to bhI unakI tapazcaryA kI mahattA aura unakA loka kalyANa kArI upadeza bhUmaDala meM abhI vartamAna haiM ve zramaNa saMskRti ke kevala saMsthApaka hI nahIM the kintu unhoMne use ujjIvita aura pAlalvAvata bhI kiyA thaa| unake anuyAyI 23 toyaMkaroM ne usakA pracAra evaM prasAra kiyA hai| ina caubIsa tIthaMkaroM meM antima tAna tIrthakaroM ko-naminAtha, pAzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kA itihAsajJoM ne aitihAsika mahApuruSa mAna liyA hai bhAra vAIsava tIrthakara neminAtha ne ahiMsA ke lie vaivAhika kArya kA parityAga kara apane ko Atma-sAdhanA meM lgaayaa| yaha zrI kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| pAzrvanAtha teIsava tIrthakara the jo banArasa ke rAjA vizvasena aura vAmA davI ke putra the| unhoMne tapAcaraNa dvArA prAtma-siddhI prApta ko aura bihAra tathA kaliMgAdi dezoM meM upadaMza dvArA zramaNa saMskRti kA prasAra kiyaa| prAra janatA ko sanmArga meM lgaayaa| pArzvanAtha se 250 varSa bAda mahAvIra ne bharI javAnI meM rAjya vaibhava kA parityAga kara prAtma-sAdhanA kA anuSThAna kiyA, aura pUrNa jJAnI bana jagata ko 'svayaM sukha pUrvaka jiyo, aura dUsaroM ko bhI sukha pUrvaka jIne do' ke siddhAnta kA kevala prasAra hI nahIM kiyaa| pratyuta use apane jAvana meM utAra kara loka meM ahiMsA kI pUrNa pratiSThA prApta kii| unako kalyANakArI mud vANI ne anekAnta dRSTi dvArA jagata ke virodhoM ko dUra kiyaa| unameM ahiMsA aura samatA kI bhAvanA ko prAttejita kiyaa| aura ahisA dvArA vizva zAnti kA loka meM prasAra kiyA usase yajJAdi hisA kA pratIkAra huA / pazukula ko abhaya milaa| aura janatA meM ahiMsA ke prati anurAga hI nahIM hamA, manekoM ne use apane jIvana kA Adarza bnaayaa| unake bAda unakI saMgha paramparA ke dhamaNoM dvArA unhIM loka hitakArI siddhAntoM kA prasAra kiyA jAtA rahA / aura aba bhI unake siddhAntoM ke anuyAyI maujUda haiN| jo ahiMsA meM vizvAsa rakhate haiN| unheM avatarita hae 2500 varSa pUre ho rahe haiM to bhI unakA upadeza aura unake maulika 1. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna pR0 15, 16 2. bhAgavata purANa 5-6, 28-31) RSabhadeva kI tapazcaryA kA varNana hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 siddhAntaloka meM phaile hue haiN| aba samaya zrI gayA hai ki vizva kA saMrakSaNa unake pAcana siddhAntoM ke prAcaraNa se hI ho sakatA hai * isa yuga meM paramANu kI ananta zakti aura unakI dAhakatA kI vibhISikA se loka bhayabhIta haiM, duHkhI aura cintA grasta haiN| usase yadi vizva ko saMrakSita karanA hai to mahAvIra ke grahiMsA aura anekAnta Adi siddhAntoM ko jIvana meM pravAhita karanA hogA, unako jIvana ke vyavahAra meM lAye binA vizva meM zAnti sthApita nahIM ho sakatI / kyoMki sAmrAjya kI lipsA aura bahukAra ne mAnavatA kA tiraskAra aura durupayoga kiyA hai| aura kiyA jA rahA hai jisakA pariNAma prazAnti aura vinAza hai / mahAtmA buddha ke samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ko 'NiggaMTha NAta putra' kahA jAtA thA, aura unakA zAsana bhI 'niragaMTha' nAma se prasiddha thA / azoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI 'giMTha nAma se usakA ullekha hai| mahAvIra ke bAda ''NigaTha' zramaNa paramparA dvAdaza varSIya durbhikSAdi ke kAraNa do bhedoM meM vibhakta ho gii| eka nimTha zramaNa saMgha dUsarA zvetapaTa zramaNa saMgha / ina do bhedoM kA ullekha kadamba vaMza ke lekhoM meM milatA hai / bhaga pazcAt nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha ho mUla saMgha ke nAma se loka meM vizruta huA / mUlabaMdha paramparA vAna mahAvIra kI nirgrantha zramaNa paramparA hai, dUsarI paramparA mUla paramparA nahIM kahI jA sktii| isI se isa grantha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mUla nirgrantha saMgha paramparA ke AcAryoM va vidvAnoM, bhaTTArako aura kaviyoM kA yahAM paricaya diyA gayA hai| dUsarI paramparA ke sambandha meM phira kabhI vicAra kiyA jaayegaa| isa paramparA kI pratiSThA kundakundAcArya jaise niyaMntha zramaNoM se huii| unakI kRtiyAM vastu tatva kI nidarzaka aura loka kalyANakArI haiM / unakI samatA anyatra nahIM pAyI jaatii| isa paramparA meM aneka mahAna AcArya hue, jinakI kRtiyAM loka meM prasiddha huI / dArzanika vidvAnoM meM gRddhapicchAcArya, samantabhadra, pAtra kesarI, siddhasena, pUjyavAda, akalaMka deva, sumatideva aura vidyAnandAdi mahAna prAcArya hue| jinake vyaktitva aura kRtitva se loka meM zramaNa saMskRti kA prasAra huaa| isa paramparA meM bhI aneka saMgha bheda hue, gaNa-gacchAdi hue, parantu mUla paramparA barAbara saMrakSita rahI, aura raha rahI hai| bhAratIya itihAsa meM zilAlekha tAmra patra lekhaka prazastiyAM, grantha prazastiyAM, paTTAvaliyAM aura mUrtilekhoM kI mahattA se koI iMkAra nahIM kara sktaa| inameM upalabdha sAdhana sAmagrI iti vRttoM ke likhane meM sahAyaka hI nahIM hotI / pratyuta aneka ulajhI huI samasyAoM ke sulajhAne meM yogadAna detI hai| jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke likhane meM unakI upayogitA liye binA kisI AcArya vizeSa, vidvAna kavi yA bhaTTAraka, rAjA Adi kA paricaya likhanA sambhava nahIM hotA / isI se isa aitihAsika sAmagrI kA saMkalana honA zrAvazyaka hai| isake sAtha purAtattva saMbaMdho avazeSoM Adi kA ullekha bhI zrAvazyaka hotA hai| usase usameM prAmANikatA A jAtI hai| jaba hama kisI prAcArya vizeSa Adi kA paricaya likhane baiThate haiM taba samucita sAmagrI ke saMkalana ke prabhAva meM eka nAma ke aneka vidvAnoM Adi ke samaya nirNaya karane meM bar3I kaThinAI kA anubhava karanA par3atA hai / taba hameM ukta sAmagrI kI upayogitA kI mahattA jJAta hotI hai aura hama usake saMkalana kI AvazyakatA kA anubhava karate haiM / vidvAna isa kaThinAI kA anubhava karate hue bhI usake saMkalana kA prayatna nahIM kara pAte, samAja aura zrImAnoM kA to usa ora dhyAna hI nahIM hai| vidvAnoM ke sAmane aneka samasyAeM haiM, jinake kAraNa usameM pravRtta nahIM ho pAte / unameM sabase pahalA kAraNa prabhAva hai dUsarA kAraNa gRhI samasyAeM haiM zrIra tIsarA kAraNa sAmagrI kI viralatA aura samaya kI kamI hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM aitihAsika vidvAnoM ke samakSa bahuta kucha aitihAsika sAmagrI bikharI huI yatra-tatra dRSTigocara hotI hai / kucha prakAza meM grA cukI haiM, kucha prakAza meM lAne ke prayatna meM hai| aura adhikAMza sAmagrI grantha bhaNDAroM, mUrti lekhoM aura grantha prazastiyoM meM nihita hai / zrataeva itivRttoM kI sAmagrI kA saMkalita honA atyanta Avazyaka hai / isI AvazyakatA ko dekhate hue merA vicAra bahuta dinoM se mahAvIra saMgha paramparA ke kucha prAcAryA, vidvAnoM, bhaTTArakoM, kaviyoM Adi kA jaisA kucha bhI paricaya milatA hai, saMkalita karane kI bhAvanA cala rahI 1. iMDiyana eNTI ve 060 37-38

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prastAvanA dhI, parantu isa mahAna kArya meM sAmagrI kI viralatA, sAdhanoM kI kamI aura apanI alpajJatA bAdhaka ho rahI thI, isa liye usase virAma le lenA par3atA thaa|| mere pAsa jo thor3e bahuta noTsa the, unake AdhAra para aneka lekha likhe gaye jo samaya para anekAntAdi patroM meM prakAzita hote rahe haiN| jinase vidvAna prAyaH paricita hI haiN| jinhoMne mere noTa rUpa lekhoM kA avalokana kiyA hai, ve unheM bahuta upayogI pratIta hue aura unhoMne unheM prakAzita karAne kI preraNA dii| maiMne apane noToM ko anusandhAna priya muni dhI vidyAnanda jI ko dikhalAye the, unhoMne dekhakara kahA thA ki inheM pustaka kA rUpa dekara prakAzita kara denA cAhiye / merI bhI icchA prakAzita karane kI thI hI, parantu azubhodaya se maiM bImAra par3a gayA, usase jaise tase bacA to zArIrika kamajorI ne likhane meM bAdhA upasthita kara dI / astu, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500vaM nirvANa mahotsava kI carcA ne mujhe prerita kiyA ki tu isa samaya isa kArya ko pUrA kara de| DA0 darabArI lAla jI kI vizeSa preraNA rahI isa kArya ko pUrA karane ko| anya mitroM ko bhI yahI rAya thii| prataH maiMne likhane kA saMkalpa kara liyaa| eka dina paM. balabhadra jI ne kahA ki pApa apanI sAmagrI ko taiyAra karo, prakAzana kI cintA na karo, maiM usakI jimmedArI letA huuN| isa sambandha meM merI prAcArya deza bhUpaNa jI se carcA ho gaI hai| prataH pApa nizcinta raheM aura use pUrA kara deN| mujhe isa kArya ke liye aneka granthoM kA adhyayana karanA par3A, aura purAtattva vibhAga kI lAibrerI se aneka bAra jAkara lAbha utthaayaa| dUsaroM kI sahAyatA se aMgrejI lekhoM kI jAnakArI prApta kI, isake liye maiM unakA AbhArI huuN| tadanusAra meMne isa grantha ko pUrA karane kA prayatna kiyA, dina rAta parithama kiyA taba kisI taraha yaha grantha pUrA ho sakA hai| prastAvanA saMkSipta rUpa meM likhI hai / kAgaja kI samasyA ke kAraNa kucha pariziSTa choDa diye paDale grantha kA pUrA maiTara to likhA nahIM gayA thA kintu kucha maiTara presa meM dene ke bAda use likhatA gayA aura detA gyaa| isase isameM mora kacha prAcAryoM ke samaya prAdi ke paricaya meM kamI raha sakatI hai| parantu pAThakoM ke sAmane lagabhaga sAta sau prAcAryoM, vidvAnoM, bhaTTArakoM aura saMskRta apabhraMza ke kaviyoM kA paricaya saMkSepa meM unakI racanAdi ke sAtha diyA gayA hai| merI pralpajJatA vaza usameM kamI raha jAnA svAbhAvika hai| ataH vidvAna use sudhAra leM, aura mujhe usakI sacanA deN| zrImAn DA. e. ena. upAdhye paM0 kailAza candra jI siddhAnta zAstrI, DA0 bhAgacanda jI nAgapura, paM0 bAlacanda jI. zAstrI paM0 balabhadra jI aura paM0 ratanalAla jo kekar3I prAdi vidvAnoM ko salAha mujhe milatI rahI hai| isake lie maiM unakA AbhArI huuN| prAcArya zrI dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja ne isa grantha ke prakAzana meM jo saujanya pUrNa sahayoga diyA hai isake liye unakA vizeSa AbhArI hai / aura AzA karatA hUM ki bhaviSya meM unakA sahayoga mujhe milatA rhegaa| bhAratIya itihAsa ke vizeSajJa vidvAna DA0 dazaratha zarmA ne asvastha hote bhI mere nivedana para grantha kA prAkkathana bolakara prapatI sapatrI zAntAkumArI se lipi karAyA hai| unakI isa mahatI kRpA ke liye maiM unakA bahata aabhaarii| paramAnanda jaina zAstrI

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nAmAnukramaNikA (prAcArya, bhaTTAraka aura vidvAna kavi sUcI) aGgadeva bhaTTAraka 154 abhayanandI 256 prakalaM nA 155,155 amarakIti 364 kalaMkacandra 154 amarakIti 451 akalaMka vidya 154 pramarakIti 526 akAlaMgAdeva 154,155,155 amarasena 173 akalaMka paMDita 154 amarasena 371 akalaMkadeva' 155 amita gati (prathama) 204 amitagati (dvitIya) 288 alaMkadeva 155 akalaMka munipa 155. amitasena 173 akSaya rAma amRtacandra Thakkura 205 (kavi) saggala 386 amRtacandra (dvitIya) 356 agnibhUti (gaNadhara) 25 ayyapArya 446 ajjanandi (Agana) 20 parAmamaNi ajita brahma 514 arkakIrti 170 ajitasenAcArya 238 (kavi) ahaMdAsa 405 ajita senAcArya (alaMkAra cintAma0) 417 ahaMdabalo 68 aNDaraya 426 ahanandi 246 pragantakIti 228 arhanandi 336 anantakIti 226 grahanandI 244 antakI ti bhaTTAraka 226 avanti bhUbhRta (rAjA) 177 anantakIti 226 (kavi) asama 224 anantavIrya (ativRddha) 240 (kavi) asavAla 467 anantavIrya 244 AcaNNa 333 anantavIrya 240 Adipampa 215 (laghu) anantavIrya 356 Aryanandi 162 aparAjita (tha takevalI) 46 AryanandI 238 aparAjitasUri (zrI vijaya) 202 prAryamA 121 abhayacandra 444 pAryavyakta yA zucidatta (gaNadhara) 25 abhayacandra siddhAnta cakravartI 415 Aryasena 264 abhayanandi 195 Aryasena 237

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nAmAnukramaNikA (paMDita pravara) yAsAdhara 405 indrakIti 202 indrakIrti 258 indrakoti 305 indraguru 154 indra nandi yogazAstra TIkAkAra) 435 indranandI 426 indranandI (prathama) 240 indranandI (zra tAvatAra ke kartA) 245 indranamdI (jvAlAmAlinI kalpakartA) 212 indrabhUti (prathama gaNadhara) 23 indasena bhaTTAraka 276 indrAyudha (rAjA) 177 udityAcArya 156 ugrasena guru 156 udayacandra 360 udayadeva 163 umAsvAti (guddhapicchAcArya) 87 elayAcArya 163 elAcArya 263 elAcArya 227 kanakacandra 376 kanakanandI 246 kanakasena 213 kanakasena 238 kanakasena 244 kanakAmara 353 (bha0) kamala kIti 502 kamala bhava 414 karNapArya337 kaladhautanandi 167 (muni) kalyANa 65 (muni) kalyANakIrti 482 kavi dharmaghara 522 kANabhikSu 142 kAnti (kaviyitrI) 302 (brahma) kAmarAja kIrtivarmA 305 kIrtivarmA 334 kotiSaNa 174 kumAranandI 162 kumArasena 141 (bhaTTAraka) kumAramena 236 kumArarona 236 kumudacandra 448 (vAdi) kumRdacandra 448 kumudendu 428 kundakundacArya 74 kAlacandra upAdhyAya 430 kulacandramuni 305 kulacandramuni 333 kUlacandramunIndra 332 phulandra 436 kavilAcArya 168 kezavanandi605 kezavarAja 276 kezavavarNI 441 (kavi) koTIzvara 503 (brahma) kRSNa yA kezavasena mUri 531 (paMDita) khetA 503 gaNadharakIti 336 gaNDa vimukta siddhAntadeva 348 girikIrti 368 guNakIrti 160 guNakIrtimunIzvara 202 guNa kIrti 160 guNakIti siddhAntadeva 300 (ma.) guNacandra 542 guNacandrapaMDita 228 guNadevasUri 160 (prAcArya) guNadhara 66 guNabhadra 428 guNabhadra 337 (bha0) guNabhadra 508 guNabhadrAcArya 182 guNabhadrAcArya (dhanya kumAra carita kartA) 346 guNabhUSaNa 444 gaNavIra paMDita 56 guNa varma (dvitIya) 414 guNasena paMDitadeva 258 guNasena muni 156 gurudAsa 213 gRhanandi 112

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 18 gopanandI 256 gollAcArya 236 govarddhana (zrutakevalI) 46 gobarddhanadeva 300 (kavi) govinda 502 caumuha (caturmukha) 143 (bha.) candrakorti 540 candrakIrti 356 candrakIti 347 candrakIrti 34 candrakIti nAma ke dUsare vidvAna 346 candrakIti (zrutavindu ke kartA) 346 candradevAcArya 237 candranandi 113 candranandi 160 candraprabhAcArya 306 candrasena 162 (kavi) candrasena 502 cAmuNDarAya 365 (mabhinava) cArukIrti paMDita deva 465 citakAcArya 126 chatrasena 336 (kavi) jagannAtha 551 jayasiMhanandI 136 (kavi) janna 426 jaTAkIrti 275 jayakoti 227 jayadevapaMDita 160 jayasena 238 jayasena 173 jayasena (prAbhata yaTIkAkAra) 383 jayasena 324 jayasena 311 (kavi) jalhiga 500 (50) z2inadAsa 530 jinasenAcArya 174 jinasenAcArya 148 jinasena 264 (bramha) jIvaMdhara joindu (yogIndradeva) 128 jJAnakIti 144 (bha0) zAnabhUSaNa 504 (kavi) ThakurasI 521 (zAha) ThAkura 537 (kavi) DaDDhA 257 tumbulU rAcArya 112 (kavi) tejapAla 515 talamolidevara 160 toraNAcArya 236 tolakappiya 86 tribhuvanacandra 323 tribhuvana malla 353 trivikramadeva 432 kAlayogIza 223 dayApAlamuni 323 dazarathaguru 152 dAmanandi bhaTTAraka 300 dAmanandi 200 dAmanandi 301 dAmarAja 302 (kavi) dAmodara 364 (kavi) dAmodara 506 divAkaranandi siddhAntadeva 251 durgadeva 252 devakIrti 348 devakItipaMDitadeva 300 (muni) devacandra 382 devanandi (pUjyapAda) 115 (bha0) devendrakIti - devendramuni 373 devendrasaiddhAntika 166 devasena 286 devasenagaNI (sulocanA ca0 kartA) 379 devasena (bhAvasaMgraha ke kartA) 436 devasena bhaTTAraka 23, devasena 231 devasena 156 devasena (darzanasAra ke kartA) 231 (kavi) doDDayya 530 (AcArya) dolAmasa (dhRtisena) 65 (mahAkavi) dhanaMjaya 138 (kavi) dhanapAla 488

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nAmAnukramaNikA padyanandI 325 padyanandI 262 papanAma kAyastha 47 pasiMha 306 papasenAcArya 276 paravAdimalaya 155 (kavi) paramezvara 142 pAtrakesarI 131 pAvapaNDita 426 puSpadatta 71 (mahAkavi) puSpadasa 252 kavi paunna 215 prabhAbandra 375 prabhAcandra 375 prabhASandra 483 prabhAcA 40 prabhAcandra 428 dhanapAla 307 dharmaghara 522 (abhinava) dharmabhUSaNa 512 dharmasenAcArya 245 dharasena 70 mandimitra (zratakevalI) 46 nayakItimuni 373 nayanandI 276 nayasena 264 (paM0) narasena 453 narendra kIrti vidya 353 narendrakIrti vidya 412 narendrasena 361 narendrasena (prathama) 263 narendrasena trividya candezvara (dvitIya) 213 talvigaMda nAdirAja 431 nAgacandra 337 nAgacandra (sUri) 507 nAgadeva 264 mAganandI 231 (kavi) nAgava nAgavarma (dvitIya) 214 nAgavarma (prathama) 214 (kavi) nAgarAja 44. nAgasenaguru-156 nAgasena guru 127 nAgahasti 121 nemacandra 500 (paMDita) nemacandra 372 paM0 nemicandra (pratiSThata tilaka ke kartA) 522 nemicandra si. cakravartI 261 (brahma) nemivatta 511 nemidevAcArya 216 nemiSeNa 27 paM0 medhAvI 524 paNDita haricanda 523 paprakIti 242 payanandi maladhAri 328 pAnandi malapAri 306 payanandi yatI 367 pAnandI (jaMbUdvIpapatti0) 272 bhadrAraka prabhAcandra 432 prabhAcandra 252 prabhAcandra vina 375 prabhAsa (gaNaghara) 228 (paMDita) pravacanasena 258 bandhuSeNa 227 1 bappanandI 227 2 baladevaguru 156 basaka picha 61 bAlacandra 333 bAlacandrasiddhAntadeva 360 bAlacandra paMDitadeva 425 bAlacandrakavi 436 bAlacandra malavArI 432 bAhubali pAcArya 324 dhAhabakhideva 213 boppaNa paMDita 334 brahmakRSNa yA kezavasena sUri 531 brahmajIvaMdhara 521 brahmadeva 320 brahmazivabrahmasenavatiya 275 (kavi) bhagavatIdAsa 548

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bhaTTavodi 336 maTTAkalaMkadeva 549 bhaTTArakavidyAnanda 513 bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra 526 bhaTTAraka zubhacandra 526 bha0 zrutakIrti 514 bhagavAna mahAvIra 2 bhadravA zrutavalI 47 bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) - bharatasena 230 bhAnukIti siddhAntadeva 416 bhAvasena 316 bhAbasena / 406 bhAskara kavi 501 bhAskara nandI (tattvArthavRtti ) 455 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 mANikyasena paMDitadeva 374 mAdhavacandra traividya (kSapaNAsAra gadya) 367 mAvacandra vidya 325 mAdhavacandra maladhArI 346 mAdhavacandra 350 mAdhavacandravratI 350 mAdhavasena 207 mAdhavasena nAma ke anya vidvAna 360 mAdhavasena nAma ke anya vidvAna 361 mAnatuMgAcArya 133 municandra 416 munipUrNabhadra 414 meghacandra 428 meghacandra vidyadeva 370 metAyaM ( gaNadhara ) 58 T maunibhaTTAraka 225 mauryaputra ( gaNadhara ) 28 ( zrAcArya) yati vRSabha 123 Dui bhUtabalI 71 bhUpAla kavi 301 (kavi ) maMgarAja 448 maMgarAja dvitIya 444 maMgarAja tRtIya 485 madanakIrti 403 madhurakavi 440 malliSeNa 296 malliSeNa malliSeNa maladhAri 357 11 yazaH kIrti 402 ( bha0 ) yazaH kIrti 480 yazodeva 218 yazobhadra 114 (paMDita) yogadeva 500 paNDita 431 (kavi ) raidhU 456 raTTa kavi zraddAsa 425 bha0 ratanacandra ratna kIrti 500 mahAbalakavi 430 (paNDita) mahAvIra 261 mahAvIrAcArya 187 mahAsena 264 ( zrAcArya) mahAsena 214 mahAsena (sulocanA kathAkartA ) 167 ratna yogIndra 436 (kavi) ra 216 ravi kIrti 236 ravi candra 271 ravicandra ( ArAdhanA samucaya ) 424 mahAsena paMDitadeva 374 (kavi ) mahindu yA mahAcandra 524 mahendradeva 219 mAilla dhavala 336 ravi nandI 127 raviSeNAcArya 156 (kavi ) rAjamalla 533 (paMDita) rAmacandra 464 rAmacandra mumukSu 368 muni rAmasiMha ( dehA pAhuDa) 241 (brahma) rAya malla 543 rAmasena 323 rAsasena 207 mAnanda yogIndra 447 mAdhanandI saiddhAntika 71 mAghanandi siddhAntadeva 346 mANDavya ( gaNadhara ) 28 mANikya nandI 277 mANikya nandI 348 (kavi) mANikyarAja 516

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nAmAnukramaNikA (paM.) rUpacanda 544 lakSmo candra 465 lakSmaNadeva 357 (kavi) lAlU yA lakSmaNa 361 loka sena 188 laMgo vADigala 61 (mahAmuni) vaRgrIva 225 vajanandI 126 barddhamAna bhaTTAraka 442 basunandI 351 (kavi) vAgbhaTa 420 vAgbhaTa (nemi nirvANa kAvya ke kartA) 311 (bha0) vAdi candra 532 vAdirAja 246 vAdirAja (dvitIya) 432 (kavi) bAdirAja 552 vAdi vidyAnanda 542 bAdIndra vizAla koti 413 bAdIbhasiMha 168 vAyubhUti (gaNadhara) 25 vAvana nandI muni vAsava candra munIndra 373 vAsava nandI 240 pAsava sena 413 vijaya kIti 379 vijaya kIti muni 160 vijaya deva paMDitAcArya 167 vijaya varNI (zRMgArArNavacaMdrikA) 416 (budha) vijayasiMha 46E (bha0) vidyAnanda(mAcArya) vidyAnanda 168 vidyAnanda 455 (bhaTTAraka) vidyAbhUSaNa 536 (muni) vinaya candra 368 (muni) vinaya candra 387 vinayasena 205 vimala kIti 366 vimala kIti 428 vimala candra munIndra 225 vibhala candrAcAyaM 161 vimalasena paMDisa 276 viSNu nandi (zruta kevalI) 46 (bha0) vizvasena 538 vizeSavAdi 161 (mahAkathi) vIra 267 mIra kati yA budhavIru 529 vIradeva 112 vIranandi siddhAnta cakravartI 260 vIra nandI (mAcArasAra ke kartA) 335 vIrasena 270 vIrasena 286 vIrasena paMDita deva 360 vRti vilAsa 330 vRSabha nandI 167 vRSabhanandI (jItasAra samucaya kartA) 256 zAkaTAyana (pAlyakIti) 1 // zAmakuNDAcArya 158 zAntideva 288 zAntinAtha 258 zAntiSaNa 371 zivakoTi (zivArya) 104 paMDita zivAbhirAma 550 (kavi) zizu mAyaNa 426 (bha0) zubhakIti 484 zubhacandra yogI 431 (bha0) zubhacandra 46 smA) zubhacandra 501 (prA.) zubhacandra 303 zubha nandI 137 zro kIti 430 zrIkumAra kavi (prAtma prabodha ke kartA) 267 zrI candra kathAkozakartA 343 zrI datta 113 zrI datta (dvitIya) 113 zrI deva 189 (kavi) zrIdhara 366 (kavi) zrIdhara 386 (kavi) zrIdhara 441 (kavi) zrIdhara 344 zrIdhara 373 zroSarasena (vizvalocana koSa) 415 zrIpAladeva 174

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22 Ba (bha0 ) zrIbhUSaNa 539 zrI vallabha (rAjA) 177 zrISeNa sUri 371 zrutakIrti 338 zrutakIrti 306 (bha0) zrutakIrtizruta muni 437 (brahma) zrutasAgara 508 ( bha0 ) sakala kIrti 461 sakala koti 432 sakala candra bhaTTAraka 431 ( bha0 ) sakala bhUSaNa 541 ( prAcArya) samantabhadra 12 (laghu) samantabhadra 430 (abhinava ) samantabhadra 500 sarvanandI bhaTTAraka 168 sarvanandI bhaTTAraka 213 sarvanandI 167 muni sarvanandI 122 sAgara nandI siddhAMtadeva 336 sAgara sena siddhAMtika 276 (brahma) sAdhAraNa 468 (kavi) siddha aura siMha 362 siddha nandI 125 siddhabhUSaNa saiddhAntika muni 197 siddhasena 107 siddhAnta kIrti 153 siMha nandi 103 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 siMhanandi guru 156 ( bha0 ) siMhanandI 546 sudharma svAmI ( gaNadhara ) 26 sumati (sanmati ) deva 140 ( bha0 ) sumati kIrti 547 sumatideva 141 suprabhAcArya 454 somakIrti 516 somadeva 220 somadeva 486 ( muni) somadeva 400 svayaMbhU kavi 156 svAmikumAra 127 san 16 (paM. harapAla (vaidyaka grantha kartA ) 441 halla yA haricanda 466 (a) haricandra 476 ( mahAkavi ) haricandra 317 harideva 401 harSanandI 316 (kavi) hariSeNa 226 hariSeNa 210 (zrI) hariSeNa 22e harisiMha muni 316 hastimalla 452 (brahma) hemacandra 262 hemasena 316 lAcArya 225

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI prastuta graMtha meM granthakAra aura unake granthoM ke atirikta jina granthoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai-- unakI tAlikA nimna prakAra anekAnta (vIra sevAmandira dillI ) AcArAga sUtra saTIka zIlAMkAcArya Avazyaka niryukti iMDiyana eNTI kverI jilda 3 iMDiyana eNTI kverI bhAga 11 jilda 5 iMDiyana eNTI kverI ji0 12 iMDiyana eNTI kverI vAlyUma 11 ji0 15 iMDiyana eNTI kverI ji0 12 epigrAfiyA iMDikA ji0 1 13 JI -: 15 13 12 ji0 3 jilda 4-5 ji0 6 ji08 kaniSama riporTa naM0 1-10 gautama dharmasUtra graMtha prazasti saMgraha ke. bhujabalI zAstrI, mArA graMtha sUcI (grAme bhaMDAra) bhA0 1 11 ji0 10 ji0 20 rAjasthAna zAstra bhaMDAra, jayapura 32 graMthasUcI bhA0 2 graMthasUcI bhA 3 graMthasUcI bhA0 4 " graMthasUcI bhA0 5 caupanna purisa cariu prAcArya zIlAMka jAgarphIkala DiksanarI mApha nandalAla hai jaina graMtha prazasti saMgraha bhA0 1 vIra sevAmaMdira IF " 12 jaina graMtha prazasti saMgraha bhA0 2 vIra sevA maMdira jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA- pI0 vI0 desAI (solApura) jaina darzana patra bhA0 da0 jaina saMgha caurAsI mathurA 23

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24 jaina lekha saMgraha bhA0 1, bhA0 2, bhA0 3, bhA0 4, bhA0 5, jaina sandeza zodhAMka 15 sampAdaka DA0 jyoti prasAda jaina jaina sandeza zodhAMka 3-4 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, nAtharAma jI pra emI, cambaI jaina sAhitya meM vikAra thavA ghamelI hAni, paM0 vecaradAsa jaMna hiteSI bhAga 13 paM0 nAthUrAma premI fsaare zivarAma vAmana e (mANikacandra prathamAlA cambaI) tatva saMgraha bha0 1 2 ( bauddha grantha) dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma, paM0 kailAza canda zAstrI dI rASTrakUTAja ina deara TAima, DA0 altekara dharmottara prastAvanA paMcAzaka haribhadrAcArya pariziSTa parva hemacanda sUri purAtatva nibaMdhAvalI, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana plUTArca enziyeMTa iMDikA prastAvanA upAsakAdhyayana, paM0 kailAzacanda jI zAstrI prastAvanA purAtana jaina vAkya sUcI paM0 jugala kizora mukhtAra prastAvanA paramAtma prakAza DA0 e0 ena upAdhye prastAvanA pravacanasAra (DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyAya) prAkRtapiMgala piMgalAcArya prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika tathA sAMskRtika itihAsa bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza vizvezvara nAtha reu bhA0 3 bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUpa rekhA, jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra prathama eDIsana, miDiyAvala jainijma (DA0 e0 bI0 sAlesora) manusmRti rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa prathama jilda ma0 ma0 hIrAcanda jI mojhA vaziSTa smRti vizeSAvazyaka jinabhadragaNikSamA zramaNa zAmanagar3ha / dAnapatra (zaka saMo ) zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra muni kalyANa vijaya saMgamataMtra skandha purANa hindu bhArata kA utkarSa (sI0 pI0 vaidya) hisTarI oNpha iMDiyana liTeracara vAlyUma II haidarAbAda Arakyo lAjikala sIrIja saMkhyA 12 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI saMgha- paramparA dvitIya bhAga prathama pariccheda 1. mahAvIra se pUrva deza-kAla kI sthiti 2. bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara 3. antima kevalI jambU svAmI

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1. mahAvIra se pUrva deza-kAla kI sthiti Aja se lagabhaga chabbIsa sau varSa pUrva bhArata kI sthiti atyanta viSama thii| cAroM ora hiMsA, asatya, zoSaNa, dambha aura anAcAra kA sAmrAjya thaa| deza kA vAtAvaraNa atyanta kSubdha, pIr3ita aura saMtrasta ho rahA thA / dharma kI ruci manda par3a gayI thii| bAhmaNa saMskRti ke bar3hate hue varcasva meM zramaNa saMskRti dabI jA rahI thii| jAni bheda kI durgandha se deza kA prANa ghaTa rahA thaa| jAtibheda ke abhimAna ne brAhmaNoM ko patita banA diyA thaa| I-. dvepa, ahaMkAra, lobha, ajJAna, akarmaNyatA, krUratA aura dhUrtatAdi dugaMNoM kA nivAsa ho gayA thaa| bahudevatAbAda kI kalpanA sAkAra ho uThI thii| dharma ke nAma para mAnava adharma aura vikRtiyoM kA dAsa bana gayA thaa| dharma kA sthAna yAjJika kriyAkANDoM ne le liyA thaa| yajJoM meM dhUta, madhu adi ke sAtha pazu bhI home jAte the aura Dake kI coTa yaha ghoSaNA kI jAtI thI ki bhagavAna ne yajJa ke lie hI pazuoM kI racanA kI hai| veda vihita yajJa meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA, hiMsA nahIM kintu ahiMsA hai|' zaistra ke dvArA mArane para jIva ko duHkha hotA hai| isI zastrabadha kA nAma pApa hai, hiMsA hai, kintu zastra ke binA veda mantroM se jo jIva mArA jAtA hai vaha loka-dharma kahalAtA hai| mAnava adhikAroM kA dina dahAr3e hanana hotA thA / vyakti kI sattA vinaSTa ho cukI thii| brAhmaNa hI dharmAnaSThAna ke ucca adhikArI mAne jAte the| zAsana vibhAga meM unheM khAsa riyAyateM prApta thiiN| bar3e se bar3A aparAdha karane para bhI unheM prANadaNDa nahIM diyA jAtA thA, jabaki dUsaroM ko sAdhAraNa se sAdhAraNa aparAdha hone para mRtyudaNDa de diyA jAtA thaa| dharma kA sthAna adharma ne le liyA thA, arAjakatA kA sAmrAjya bar3ha rahA thaa| mAnavatA karAha rahI thii| usakI garimA kA patana ho cukA thaa| dharma rAjanIti kA eka kuNThita hathiyAra mAtra raha gayA thaa| janatA kI prAsthA dharma se uTha cukI thii| svAryalolupa dharmaguru usake ThekedAra samajhe jAte the| sthiti atyanta dayanIya ho rahI thii| mUka pazuoM kI hatyA aura unake prAkrandana prAdi se pRthvI tilamalA uThI thii| mAnava kA koI mUlya nahIM raha gayA thaa| usakI cetanA ko lakavA mAra gayA thaa| nArI kI sAmAjika sthiti bhayAvaha thI, usakA apaharaNa ho cukA thaa| use dharma-sAdhana karane kA koI adhikAra prApta nahIM thA / ve baMda prAdi kI ucca zikSA se bhI vaMcita thii| 'na strI svAtantryamarhati' 'strI 1. yajJArtha pazavaH sRSTAH svayameva svayaMbhuvA / yajJasya bhutya sarvasva tasmAd yajJe vayo'vamaH / / yA vedavihitA hiMsA niyatAmmizcarAcare / mahiMsAmeva tAM vidyAda vevAdu dharmo hi nirbabhau // -bhanumgani 5-22, 26.4 2. yA vedavihitA hiMsA sa na hiyati nirNayaH / zastreNa hanyate yacca pIDA jannu jApaTe 50 sa eva dharmaevAsni loke dharmavizavAH / vedamaMtravihanyeta vinA paratreNa jantavaH / / - skandha purANa

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jaina dhama kA prAcIna itihAma bhAga 2 svatantra nahIM ho sakatI jaisoM kaThora prAjJAyeM pracalita thii| stro yora zUdroM ko beda par3hane kA adhikAra nahIM thaa|' zUdroM se pazuoM jaisA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA thaa| unheM dharma-sevana karane kA koI adhikAra prApta nahIM thaa| ve padadalita aura nIca samajhe jAte the| unakI chAyA par3a jAne para unhe dakta kiyA jAtA thA aura sparza ho jAne para sacela snAna kiyA jAtA thaa| zikSA-dIkSA prAra dedAdi zAstroM ke sunane kA adhikAra kevala dvijAliyoM ko thaa| zudra ko baMda kI RcAra sunane para kAnA meM zIzA bharane, gholane para jIbha kATane aura RcAtroM ke kaMThastha karane para zarIra naSTa kara dena kA kaThora vidhAna thA tathA yaha prArthanA kI jAtI thI ki unheM buddhi na de, kA prasAda na de aura tA.da kA upadaMza bhI na de / yadyapi 23 veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke nivANa ko abhI pUre do sau varSa bhI vyatIta nahIM hue the, kintu phira bhI unake saMgha aura dharma kI sthiti zocanIya ho gaI thii| tAtkAlika kriyAkANDoM ke prabhAva se jaina maMgha bhI achUtA nahIM bacA thaa| usameM bhI varNa aura jAti-bheda ke saMskAroM kA prabhAva kisI na kisI rUpa meM praviATa ho gayA thaa| dhArmika saMskAroM para bhI andhavizvAsa, himA aura rUdiyoM kA prabhAva aMkita ho rahA thaa| pAkhanAtha-paparA ke zramaNoM meM bhI dothilya pradiSTa ho gayA thaa| ve svayaM arAkta ho rahe the| aisI sthiti ma hiMsaka kriyAkANDoM ko miTAnA unake liye sambhava nahIM thaa| rAjanaitika daSTi se bhI ukta samaya uthala-puthala kA thaa| usameM sthiratA nahIM thii| kaI sthAnoM para prajAtantrAtmaka gaNarAjya the jinakA zAsana apekSAkRta sukhazAnti sampanna thaa| para yAjika kriyAkANDoM meM hone vAlI hisA kA tAMDava dUra nahIM huA thA aura na una rAjyoM meM aisI zakti hI thI, jo una pAzika zAikANDoM se pA hisA kA nivAraNa kara padAnoM ko abhayadAna dilA ske| kyoMki azakta AtmA apanA svayaM bhI utthAna nahIM kara sakatA, phira anya ke karane kA pradana hI nahIM utaa| usa samaya deza kA vAtAvaraNa viSama ho rahA thaa| aisI sthiti meM kisI aise yogya netA kI AvazyakatA thI, jo Atmavala se krAnti lA de aura yAnika bhayAkAgadoM kA virodha kara usameM pradisA kI bhAvanA bhara de| adharma ko dharma samajha kara jo kArya niSpanna kiyA jAtA thA, usameM parivartana lA d| dharma ko yathArtha paribhASA ko jana-mAnasa meM pratiSThita kara de aura janatA ke kaSToM ko dUra kara usake utthAna kA mArga sarala evaM sulabha banA de| usa samaya kisI aise zaktimAna netRtva kI prAvazyakatA thI, jisake vyaktitva ke prabhAva se hilA kA tANDava ahisA meM pariNata ho sake / 'jananA maho koI avatAra nayA kI AvAjeM uTha rahI thiiN| java anyAya atyAcAra ke sAtha madharma kI mAtrA adhika ho jAyA karatI hai, tabhI zAntikArI netA kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa loka meM mahAvIra kA avatAra huaa| 1. 'na -bIdrautra de madhI yetAm vaziSTha-smRti 2. baMdamupavatannasya utubhyAM dhIraH pratipUrae muccAraNa ji.vAdo, dANe zarIrabhedaH / (gautama dharmambam 195) na zUdrAya bhani dadyAnnocchiSTaM na havikRtam / na cAsyopadizeddharma, na cAsya itamAdiket / (vaziSTha smRti 18, 12, 13)

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma bhUmi bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi videha deza kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI thI, jise vartamAna meM vasAr3ha kahA jAtA hai| prAcIna kAla meM vaizAlI kI mahattA aura pratiSThA zaktizAlI gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI hone ke kAraNa adhika bar3ha gaI thii| mujaphpharapura jile kI gaMDakI nadI ke samIpa sthita vasA hI prAcIna vaizAlI hai / use rAjA vizAla kI rAjadhAnI banane kA saubhAgya prApta huA thA / pAlI granthoM meM vaizAlI ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki dIvAroM ko tIna bAra haTA kara vizAla karanA par3A thA, isIlie isakA nAma baMgAlI huA jAna par3atA hai / vaizAlI meM usa samaya aneka upazAkhA nagara the jinase usakI zobhA aura bhI dviguNita ho gaI thii| prAcIna vaizAlI kA vaibhava apUrva thA aura usameM cAturvarNa ke loga nivAsa karate the / vajI deza kI zAmaka jAtiyoM meM mukhya licchavi the| licchavi unna vaMzIya kSatriya the| unakA vaza usa samaya atyanta pratiSThita samajhA jAtA thaa| yaha jAti apanI vIratA, dhIratA, dRr3hatA, satyatA aura parAkramAdi ke liye prasiddha thI / inakA paraspara saMgaThana aura rIti-rivAja, dharma aura zAsana-praNAlI sabhI uttama the| inakA zarIra atyanta kamanIya aura bhoja evaM teja se sampanna thaa| ye apane liye vibhinna raMgoM ke vastroM kA upayoga karate the zrI zracche zrAbhUSaNa pahanate the / paraspara meM eka dUsare ke sukha-dukha meM kAma Ate the| yadi kisI ke ghara koI utsava vagairaha yA iSTa-viyoga Adi jaisA kAraNa bana jAtA thA to saba loga usake ghara pahuMcate the, aura use aneka taraha se sAntvanA pradAna karate the pratyeka kArya ko nyAya-nIti se sampanna karate the / ve nyAyapriya aura nirbhaya vRtti the tathA svArthaparatA se dUra rahate the| ve ekatA aura nyAyapriyatA ke kAraNa yajeya bane hue the| ve apane sabhI kAryoM kA nirNaya paraspara meM vicAra-vinimaya se karate the / rAjA ceTaka usa gaNatantra ke pradhAna the| rAjA caMTaka kI rAnI kA nAma bhadrA thA, jo bar3I hI viduSI aura zIlAdi sadguNoM se vibhUSita thaa| rAjA caMTeka kI sAta putriyA~ aura siMhabhadrAdi daza putra the / siMhabhadra kI sAtoM bahanoM ke nAma- priyakAriNI (trizalA ), suprabhA, prabhA 1. gaNDakI nadI se lekara campArana taka kA pradeza videha prathavA nIrabhukta (tirahuta) ke nAma se bhI khyAta thaa| zakti saMgama tantra ke nimna patha se usako spaSTa sUcanA milatI hai : gaNDakInIramArabhya campArayantikaM zive / videhabhUH samAkhyAtA vIrabhuktAzramanu || (a) vAmideze vizAlI nagarI nRpaH // - dRzyeNa kathAkopa 55 zloka 165 (prA) videhoM aura liviyoM ke pRthak-pRthak saMghoM ko milA kara eka hI saMgha yA gaNa bana gayA thA jisakA nAma vRja yA vagaNa thaa| samUce vRji saMgha kI rAjadhAnI vaizAlI hI thii| usake cAroM mora tiharA parakoTA thA jisameM sthAnasthAna para bar3e-bar3e daravAje aura gopura (paharA dene ke mInAra ) bane hue the| - bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA pR0 310 se 313 (i) bajjI deza meM prAjakala kA campArana aura mujaphpharapura, jilA darabhaMgA kA adhikAMza bhAga tathA chaparA jile kA mirjApura, parasA, sonapura ke thAne tathA anya kucha mora bhUbhAga samminita the / - purAtatva nibandhAvalI pR0 12 2. ( ) maya vajrAbhiSe deNe vizAlI nagarI nRpaH / / asyAM kekossya bhAryA'sIt yazomatiriti prabhA / / vinayAcAra saMpannaH pratApAkrAntazatravaH / abhUt sAdhukRtazyandayaceTakAlyaH suno'nayoH / / x - vRhatkayAkoSa 54-166-167

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAma mAna batI magAvatI, jyeSThA, celanA aura candanA thaa| inameM trizalA kuNDapura ke rAjA siddhArtha ko vivAhI thii| suprabhA dazArNa deza ke rAjA dazaratha ko, aura prabhAvatI kacchadeza ke rAjA udAyana kI rAnI thii| mRgAvatI kauzAmbI ke rAjA zatAnIka kI patnI thii| celanA magadha ke rAjA vimbasAra (thaNika) kI paTarAnI thI / jyeSThA aura candanA mAjanma brahmacAriNI rhiiN| ye donoM hI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke maMgha meM dIkSita huI thii| una meM candanA prAyikAnoM meM pramukha thI, saMgha kI gaNanI thii| siMhabhadra vajjisaMgha kI senA ke senApati the / isa taraha ceTaka kA parivAra khUba sampanna thaa| vajjisaMgha meM gaNatantra sammilita the, jinameM vRji, licchavi, jJAtrika, videha, ugra, bhoga aura kauravAdi pATha jAtiyAM zAmila thiiN| vRji logoM meM pratyeka gAMva kA eka saradAra rAjA kahalAtA thaa| licchaviyoM ke aneka rAjA the, aura unameM pratyeka ke uparAja, senApati aura koSAdhyakSa Adi alaga-alaga hote the| ye saba rAjA apane apane gAMva ke svataMtra zAsaka the; kintu rAjya-kArya kA saMcAlana eka sabhA yA pariSad dvArA hotA thaa| yaha pariSada hI licchaviyoM ko pradhAna-zAsana zakti thii| zAsana-prabandha ke liye saMbhavataH unameM se nau prAdamI gaNa rAjA cune jAte the| inakA rAjyAbhiSeka eka pokharamI ke jala se hotA thaa| vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke adhikAMza nivAsI vrAtya kahalAte the| ye mahanta ke upAsaka the| unameM jainiyoM ke teIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA zAsana yA dharma pracalita thaa| vartamAna vasAr3ha ke samIpa hI 'vAsukuNDa' nAma kA grAma hai, vahA~ ke nivAsI paramparA se eka sthala ko bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janma-bhUmi mAnate Aye haiM aura unhoMne pUjya bhAva se usa para kabhI hala nahIM claayaa| samIpa hI eka vizAla kagaDa hai, jo aba bhara gayA hai aura jotA boyA jAtA hai / vaizAlI kI khudAI meM eka aisI prAcIna mudrA bhI milI hai, jisameM vaizAlI nAma kuDe' aisA ullekha hai / ina saba pramANoM ke AdhAra para vidvAnoM ne vAsukuNDa ko mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kuNDadhAmasvakAra kiyA hai| vaizAlI ke pazcima meM gaNDakI nadI vahatI thii| usane pazcima taTa para kSatriya kuNDapura, brAhmaNa kuNDapura, bANijyagrAma, karmAragrAma aura kollAga sanniveza prAdi upanagara evaM zAkhAnagara avasthita the| kSatriya-kUNDapura meM jAta, jAta, jJAta yA NAha kSatriyoM ke pAMcasI ghara dhe| rAjA siddhArtha kSatriya kuNDapura ke adhinAyaka the| ve rAjA sarvArtha aura rAnI zrImatI ke dharmAtmA putra the| unheM theyAMsa aura yazAMza bhI kahate the| ve kAzyapa vaMza ke camakate ratna the| sidvArthaM vIra yoddhA aura parAkramI zAsaka the| rAjA siddhArtha kA vivAha vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke adhyakSa rAjA ceTaka kI atyanta sundara evaM viduSI putrI trizalA ke sAtha sampanna huA thA, jisakA apara nAma 'priyakAriNI' thA, aura jo loka meM videhadattA ke nAma se prasiddha thii| vaha puNyAtmA aura saubhAgyazAlinI thii| rAjA siddhArtha nAtha yA zAta kSatriyoM ke pramukha netA ke rUpa meM khyAta the| isI kAraNa ve siddhArtha kahalAte the| ve zastra aura zAstra vidyA meM pAragAmI the aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke upAsaka the| (mA) sindhvAdhyaviSaye bhUbhada vaizAlI nagare'bhavat / ceTakAyoja-vikhyAto vinItaH paramAhataH / / 3 / / tasya devI subhadrAkhyA tayoH putrA dazAbhavan / ghanAyo dantabhadrAntAvupendro 'nyaH sudasavAk / / 4 / / siMhabhadraH sukumbhojo 'kaMpanaH sapataMgakaH / prabhajana: prabhAsazca dharmA iva sunirmlaa:|||| -uttara purANe guNabhadraH parva 75 1. bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUpa-rekhA bhA0 110 134 2. zramarA bhagavAna mahAvIra pRSTha 5 3. zvetAmbarIya granthoM meM trizalA ko rAjA ceTaka ko dahina batalAyA hai / ceTaka ko anya putriyoM ke nAmoM meM bhI bibhinanA hai| candanA ko aMgadeza ke rAjA dadhivAhana kI putrI batalAyA hai|

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mahAvIra kA janma bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIva acyuta kalpa ke puSpottara nAmaka vimAna se cyuta hokara pASAna zuklA SaSThI ke dina, jabaki hasta aura uttarA nakSatroM ke madhya meM candramA avasthita thA, trizalA devI ke garbha meM paayaa| uso rAtri meM trizalA devI ne solaha svapna dekhe', jinakA phala rAjA siddhArtha ne batalAyA ki tumhAre zUravIra, dharma-tIrtha ke pravartaka aura parAkramI putra kA janma hogA jo apanI samujjvala kIti meM janatA kA kalyANa karegA / bhagavAna mahAvIra jabase trizalA ke garbha meM Aye, tavase rAjA siddhArtha ke ghara meM vipula dhana-dhAnya ko vRddhi hone lagI, rAjya meM sUkha-samaddhi haI / siddhArtha ke ghara meM aparimita dhana aura vaibhava meM bar3hotarI hotI huI dekhakara janatA ko bar3A Azcarya honA thA ki siddhArtha kA vaibhava itanA adhika kyoM bar3ha rahA hai aura usakI pratiSThA meM bhI nirantara vaddhi ho rahI hai| nau mahIne aura pATa dina vyatIta hone para caitra zuklA trayodazI ko ratri meM saumya grahoM aura zubha lagna meM jaba candramA avasthita thA, uttarA phAlguNI nakSatra ke samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janma hmaa| putrotpatti kA zubha (ka) middhArthanapatitanayo bhAratavAsye videha kuNDapare / deyA priyakAriNyA musvapnAn saMpradaya vibhuH / / bhApAsuminapAThayAM hastottara madhyamAthite zazini / mAyAtaH svargamuntra bhuktvA puSponarAdhIzaH ||-(nirvaannbhkni) (kha) yahAM maha praghaTa kara denA anucita na hogA ki ivenAmbarIya kalpasUtra ghora aAvazyaka bhAdhya meM 82 dina bAda mahAvIra ke garbhapahAra kI asaMbhava aura aprAkRtika ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha ghaTanA brAhmaNoM ko nIcA dikhAne kI dRSTi se ghar3I gaI pratIta hotI hai| usameM kRSNa ke garbhArahAra kA anusaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM use macherA yA daza prApacayoM meM ginAyA gayA hai| digambara sampradAya ke kimo bhI grantha meM isa ghaTanA kA ullekha taka nahIM hai| dUsare yaha bAta sabhava bhI nahIM jNctii| sabhI tIrthakaroM aura mahApuruSoM ko jaba eka hI mAtA-pitA kI santAna batalAyA gayA hai taba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke do-do mAtA-pitAmoM kA ullekha karanA kase ucita kahA jA sakatA hai ? yaha ghaTanA ghajJAnika bhI hai| itihAsa meM aisI eka bhI ghaTanA kA ullekha dekhane meM nahIM pAyA jisameM eka hI bAlaka ke do pitA aura do bhAtAeM ho| vasUdeva kI patnI devakI ke garbha ko sAtaveM mahIne meM divya zakti ke dvArA patnI rohiNI ke garbha meM rakhe jAne kI jo bAta hinda paurANika pAkhyAnoM meM pracalita thI, usakA anusaraNa karake mahAvIra ke liye bhI aisI aprAkRtika pradabhUta ghaTanA ko kinhIM vidvAnoM ne pracherA bahakara praga-sUtroM meM aMkita kara diyA / zvetAmbarI mAnya vidvAn paM0 mukhalAlajI bhI ise anucita batalAte haiN| cAra tIrthakara 10109 2. (4) siddha svarAya piyakAriNohi payarambhikaDale viiro| utarakagirikkhe cipiyA terasIe uppnnnno||-tilo.p. (pA) ra sita pakSa phAlguni zazAMka yoge dina trayodazyAM / jo svoccasyeSu graheSu saumyeSa zubhalagne / -nirvANa bhakti (1) "prAsAda joha pakAda-chuTTIe kuDapura Na garAhiva-gAhAsa-siddharapa-garibassa tisalA devIe gambhamAgaMtUraNa' tasya pradivasAhiya raNavamAse acchiA caitta-mukta-vakta naramIe rattIe uttaraphagguNoM Nakvate gambhAdo Ni khaMto bar3ahamAraNa niriNado // -jaya gha0 bhA0 11076-77 (6) ummIlitAvadhidazA sahama, viditvA tajjanma bhaktibharata: praNatotamAMgAH / ghaMTAninAdasamadetanikAyamukhyA dRSTayA yayustaditi kuNDapuraM surendrAH ||-prsNgkri ruta varSamAna parita

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 samAcAra dene vAloM ko khUba pAritoSika diyA gayA aura nagara putrotpatti kI khuzI meM toraNoM aura dhvaja-paMktiyoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA / mundara vAditroM kI madhura dhvani se ambara guMja utthaa| yAcaka janoM ko manavAMchita dAna diyA gyaa| usa samaya nagara meM dIna dukhiyoM kA prAyaH prabhAva-sA thaa| nagara ke sabhI naranArI hAtireka se prAnandita the| dhUpa-ghaToM se udgana mugandhita dhUmra se nagara surabhina ho rahA thaa| jidhara jAiye udhara hI bAlaka mahAvora / janmotsava kI dhUma aura kalarava sunAI par3a rahA thaa| deva aura indroM ne bhagavAna mahAvIra kA janmotsava manAyA aura sumeru parvata para le jAkara indra ne unake jammAbhiSeka kA mahotsava dhUma-dhAma se mampanna kiyA aura bAlaka ko divya vastrAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyA gayA / bAlaka kA janma janatA ke liye bar3A hI sukhaprada hayA thaa| unake janma ke samaya saMsAra ke sabhI jIvoM ne kSaNika zAnti kA anubhava kiyA thaa| indra ne dhAvRddhi ke kAraNa bAlaka kA nAma varddhamAna rakkhA / bAlaka ke jAtakarmAdi saMskAra kiye ge| rAjA siddhArtha ne svajana-sambandhiyoM, parijanoM, mitroM, nagara ke pratiSThita vyaktiyoM, saradAroM aura jAtIya janoM ko tathA nagaranivAsiyoM kA bhojana, pAna, vastra, alaMkAra aura tAmbUlAdi se ucita sanmAna kiyaa| bAlya-jIvana bAlaka varddhamAna vAlyakAla se hI pratibhAsampanna, parAkramI, vIra, nirbhaya aura mati-zruta-avadhi mapa tIna jJAna netroM ke dhAraka the| unakA zarIra atyanta sandara, sammohaka evaM proja teja se sampanna thaa| unakI saumya yAkRti dekhate hI banatI thii| unakA madhura saMbhASaNa prakRtitaH bhadra aura lokahitakArI thA / unakA zarIra dUja ke candra ke samAna pratidina bar3ha rahA thaa| pAzvapittIya saMjaya (jayasena) aura vijaya nAma ke do cAraNa muniyoM ko isa bAta meM bhArI sandeha utpanna ho gayA thA ki matyu ke bAda jAva kimI dUsarI paryAya meM janma letA hai yA nhiiN| vartamAna samaya bAda una cAraNa maniyoM ne jaba barddhamAna tIrthakara ko dekhA, usI samaya unakA vaha sandeha dUra ho gayA / ataeva unhoMne bhakti se unakA nAma sanmati rakkhA' / unakA zarIra atyanta rUpavAna aura sarvalakSaNoM se bhUpita thA / ve janma-samaya ke dasa atizayoM se sampanna the| eka dina indra kI sabhA meM devoM meM yaha carcA cala rahI thI ki isa samaya sabase adhika zaktizAlI zavora barddhamAna haiN| yaha sunakara 'saMgama' nAma kA eka deba unakI parIkSA karane ke liye paayaa| pAte hI usane dekhA ki dedIpyamAna prAkAra ke dhAraka bAlaka vartamAna samavayaska aneka bAla ke sAtha eka vRkSa para car3he hue krIr3A karane meM tatpara haiM / yaha dekha saMgama deva inheM DarAvane kI icchA se eka bar3e sAMpa 1. (ka) saMjayasvAdhaMsaMdehe saMjAne vijayasya / janmAnantaramevanamabhyetyAlokamAtrataH / / 282 tarasaha gate tAmyAM cAraNAmAMmvabhaktilaH / prastveSa sanmatirdevo bhAvIti samudAhRtaH // 253 -uttara purANa parva 74 (kha) nivRto jayasenApradhAriNA vijayena ca / tatveSa sanmatideva ityuktaH pramadAdasA / / 26 -triSaSThi smRti zAstra

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baMgagya aura dIkSA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara usa vRkSa kI jar3a se lekara skandha taka lipaTa gayA / saba bAlaka use dekhakara bhaya se kAMpa uThe aura zIghra hI DAliyoM para se nIce kUda kara bhAgane lge| parantu rAjakumAra varddhamAna ke hRdaya meM jarA bhI bhaya kA saMcAra na huaa| ve usake vizAla kaNa para car3hakara usase krIr3A karane lage / sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa karane vAlA saMgama deva unakI vIratA aura nirbhayatA ko dekhakara vismita huA aura apanA asalI rUpa prakaTa kara unheM namaskAra kiyA, stuti kI aura unakA nAma 'mahAvora' rakkhA / mahAkavi dhanaMjaya ne nAmamAlA meM bhagavAna nAthAnvaya aura varddhamAna nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai pracalita hai / mahAvIra ke sammati prativIra, mahAvIra, antyakAzyapa, aura batalAyA hai ki isa samaya unhIM kA zAsana bhagavAna mahAvIra kA gotra kAzyapa thaa| unake teja puMraMja se vaizAlI kA rAjya zAsana camaka uThA thaa| usa samaya vaizAlI aura kuNDapura kI zobhA dviguNita ho gaI thI aura vaha indrapurI se kama nahIM thI / vairAgya aura dIkSA mahAvIra kA bAlya-jIvana uttarottara yuvAvasthA meM pariNata hotA gyaa| isa avasthA meM bhI unakA citta bhogoM kI ora nahIM thA / yadyapi unheM bhoga aura upabhoga kI vastunoM kI kamI nahIM thI, kintu unake antarmAnasa meM unake prati koI AkarSaNa nahIM thA / ve jala meM kamalavat uname nispRha rahate the| ve usa kAla meM hone vAlI viSama paristhiti se paricita the| rAjyakArya meM bhI unakA mana nahIM lagatA thA / rAjA siddhArtha aura mAtA trizalA unheM gRhastha-mArga ko apanAne kI preraNA karate the aura cAhate the ki varddhamAna kA citta kisI taraha rAjya kArya ke saMcAlana kI ora ho / eka dina rAjA siddhArtha aura mAtA trizalA ne mahAvIra ko vaivAhika sambandha karane ke lie prerita kiyA / kaliMga deza kA rAjA jitazatru, jinake sAtha rAjA siddhArtha kI choTI bahina yazodA kA vivAha huA thA, apanI putrI yazodayA ke sAtha kumAra varddhamAna kA vivAha sambandha karanA cAhatA thA / parantu kumAra barddha - 1. ( ) uttara purANa parva 74 zloka 268 se 265 (bhA) vIraH zUro smRti surANA mindrasaMsadi / zrutvA saGgamagatastaM parIkSitum ||27|| dRSTvA krIDantamudyAne'yamAruDho nRpAtmajaH / kAkapakSadharaH sArdhaM savayobhirmahAphaNI ||28|| bhUtvA veSTitAbhAskandhAvasthAttadbhayato'khilAH / viTapibhyo nipatyazzu rAjaputrAH pIyatAH / / 26 vIro'ruSAdA rahA bhISmaM mAtraka badarIramat / tataH prIto mahAvIra ityAkhyAM tasya savyadhAt // 30 triSaSThi smRti zAstram pR. 154 2. sammati: mahativIraH mahAvIro'tmakAzyapaH / nAthAnvayaH vardhamAnaH yattIbaMmiha sAmpratam // - dhanaMjaya nAmamAlA

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 mAna ne vivAha karane se sarvathA inakAra kara diyA aura virakta hokara tapa meM sthita ho gye|' isase rAjA jitazatru kA manoratha pUrNa na ho skaa| mahAvIra ke vivAha sambandha meM zvetAmbaroM kI mAnyatA isa prakAra hai : zvetAmbara sampradAya meM mahAvIra ke vivAha sambandha meM do mAnyatAyeM pAI jAtI haiM- vivAhita aura avivAhita / kalpasUtra aura Avazyaka bhASya ko vivAhita mAnyatA hai aura samavAyAMga sUtra, ThANAMgasUtra, pAmacarita tathA Avazyaka niyuktikAra dvitIya bhadravAhu kI avivAhita mAnyatA hai| yathA-"egaNavIsa titthayarA agAravAsa majhe vasittA muMDe bhavittA NaM pragArApro aNagAriyaM bviyaa|" (samavAyAMga sUtra 16 pR035) isa sUtra meM 16 tIrthakaroM kA ghara meM raha kara aura bhoga bhogakara dIkSita honA batalAyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki zeSa pAMca tIthaMDara kumAra avasthA meM hI dIkSita hue haiN| isI se TIkAkAra abhayadeva suri ne apanI vRtti meM 'zeSAstu gacakumArabhAva evetyAha ca' vAkya ke sAtha kAra riTunami' nAma kI do gAthAe~ uhata kI haiM vIra asTinemi pAsa mahila ca vAsupujja c| ee mota Na jiNe avasesA prAsi rAyANo / / 221 rAyakulesu vi AyA visuddhavaMsesu vi khatti kulesu / nayaicchiyAbhiseyA kumAravAsaMmi evazyA / / 222 // -- Avazyaka niyukti patra 136 ina gAthAnoM meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bIra, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha, malli aura vAsupUjya ina pAMcoM ko chor3akara zeSa 16 tIrthaGkara rAjA hue the| ye pAMcoM tIrthakara vizuddha vaMyoM, kSatriya kuloM aura rAjakuloM meM utpanna hone para bhI rAjyAbhiSeka rahita kumAra avasthA meM hI dIkSita hue the| Avazyaka niyukti ko 226 vIM gAthA meM ukta pAMca tIthaMkaroM ko 'paDhamavae pabbaiyA' vAkya dvArA prathama avasthA (kumAra kAla) meM dIkSita honA batalAyA hai| ukta niyukti kI nimna gAthA meM isa viSaya ko aura bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai : gAmAyArA bisayA niseviyA te kumAravajje hi / yAmAgarAie saya kesi (sa) vihAro bhaye kassa (255 prAgamodaya samiti se prakAzita Avazyaka niyukti kI malayagiri TIkA meM mahAvIra kA nAma chapane se raha gayA hai / isameM spaSTa rUpa se batalAyA hai ki pAMca kumAra tIrthaGkaroM ko chor3a kara zeSa ne bhoga bhoge haiN| kumAra kA artha pavivAhita avasthA se hai| parantu kalpasUtra kI samaravIra rAjA kI putrI yazodA se vivAha sambandha hone, usase priyadarzanA nAma kI lar3akI ke utpanna hone aura usakA vivAha jamAli ke sAtha karane kI mAnyatA kA mUlAdhAra kyA hai yaha kucha mAlUma nahIM hotA, aura na mahAvIra ke dIkSita hone se pUrva evaM pazcAt yazodA ke zeSa 1 () bhavAnna ki zreNika vetti bhUpati napendrasiddhAyakanIyasIpatim / imaM prasiddha jitazatramAkhyayA pratApavataM jitazatrumaNDalam // 6 // jinendravIrasya samudbhavotsave tadAgataH kuNDapura suhRtparaH / supUjitaH kuNDapurasya bhUbhRtA napo'pamAkhaNDalatulya vikramaH // 7 // yazodayAyAM sutayA yazodayA pavitrayA vIravivAhamaMgalam / bhanekakanyAparivArayAruhatsamIkSita tugamanorathaM tadA ll sthite 'tha nAye tapasi svayaMbhUvi prajAtakavalyavizAlalocanaM / jagadvibhUtyai viharatyapi miti kSiti vihAya sthitavAMstapasyayam // 6 // -harivaMza purANa, jinasenAcArya, parva 66 (mA) prAcArya yativRSabha ne tiloya paNNaso' ko 'vIra bharikhanemi' nAmaka gAthA meM bAsupUjya, malli, neminAtha paura pAzvanAtha ke sAtha varSamAna ko bhI pAMca vAlapati tIrthakaroM meM gaNanA kI hai, jinhoMne kumAra avasthA meM hI dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| isa sambandha meM digambara sampradAya ko eka hI mAnyatA hai /

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vairAgya aura dIkSA jIvana athavA usakI mRtyu prAdi ke sambandha meM hI koI ullekha zvetAmbarIya sAhitya meM upalabdha hotA hai, jisase yaha kalpanA bhI niSprANa evaM nirAdhAra jAna par3atI hai ki yazodA alpajIvI thI, aura vaha bhagavAna mahAbIra ke dIkSita hone se pUrva hI divaMgata ho cukI thii| ataH usako mRtyu ke bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra brahmacArI rahana se brahmacArI ke rUpa meM prasiddha ho gaye the| kumAra varddhamAna apanA prAtma-vikAsa karate hue jagata kA kalyANa karanA cAhate the| isI kAraNa unheM sAMsArika bhoga aura upabhoga arucikara pratIta hote the| ve rAjya-vaibhava meM pale aura raha rahe the, kintu be jala meM kamalavat rahate hue use eka kArAgRha hI samajha rahe the| unakA antaHkaraNa sAMsArika bhogAkAMkSAoM se virakta aura loka-kalyANa ko bhAvanA se ota-prota thA / ataH vivAha-sambandha kI carcA hone para use asvIkAra karanA samucita hI thaa| kumAra varddhamAna svabhAvataH hI vairAgyazIla the| unakA antaHkaraNa prazAnta aura dayA se bharapUra thA, ve dIna-dukhiyoM ke duHkhoM kA anta karanA cAhate the| isa samaya unakI avasthA 28 varSa 7 mAha aura 12 dina kI ho cukI thii| ata: AtmotkarSa kI bhAvanA nirantara bar3ha raho tho, jo pratima dhyeya kI sAdhikA hI nahIM, kintu usake mUrta rUpa hone kA saccA pratIka thii| ataH bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dvAdaza bhAvanAoM kA cintana karate hue saMsAra ko anitya evaM azaraNAdirUpa anubhava kiyaa| unheM sAMsArika vabhava kI asthiratA evaM vinazvaratA kA svarUpa pratibhAsita ho rahA thA aura antaHkaraNa kI vRtti usase udAsIna ho rahI thii| ata: unhoMne rAjya-vibhUti ko chor3a kara jina-dIkSA lene kA dRr3ha sakalpa kiyaa| unakI lokopakArI isa bhAvanA kA laukAntika devoM ne abhinandana kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra candraprabhA nAma kI zivikA (pAlako) meM baiTha kara nagara se bAhara nikale aura jJAta khaNDa nAma ke vana meM mArgagira kRSNA dazamI ke dina aparANha meM jabaki candramA hastottarA nakSatra ke madhya meM sthita thA, SaSThopavAsa se dIkSA grahaNa kii| ve siddha parameSThiyoM ko namaskAra kara azoka vRkSa ke nIce zilAsana para unta ra dizA kI ora mukha kara virAjamAna hue / sarva vAhyAbhyantara parigraha kA tyAga kara--bahamUlya vastrAbhUSaNoM ko utAra kara pheMka diyA aura paMca mUpTiyoM se apane kezoM kA lauMca kara ddaalaa| isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne digambara mudrA dhAraNa kI aura prAtmadhyAna meM tanmaya ho gae / dIkSA lete hI unheM manaHparyayajJAna utpanna ho gyaa| upavAsa kI parisamApti para jaba ve pAraNA ke lie vana se nikale aura vidyAdharoM ke nagara ke samAna suzobhita kulagrAma kI nagarI (vartamAna kAra grAma) meM pahaMce, vahA~ kala nAma ke rAjA ne bhaktibhAva se unake darzana kiye, tIna pradakSiNAeM doM, aura caraNoM meM sira jhukA kara namaskAra kiyA, unakI pUjA kI aura mana, vacana kAya kI zuddhipUrvaka navadhAbhakti se paramAnna (khIra) kA pAhAra diyaa| dAna ke prAnuSaGgika phalasvarUpa usa rAjA ke ghara paMcAzcaryoM kI varSA huI / AhAra lekara varddhamAna punaH tapa meM sthita ho gae aura prAtma-sAdhanA ke liye kaThora tapa kA prAcaraNa karane lge| ve nirjana evaM durUha vanoM meM bihAra 1. maNavayattaNahamatulaM devakyaM seviUraNa daasaaii| adAbIsaM sata ya mAse divase ya gAramayaM / / mAbhiriNabohiyabuddho rASTuNa ya maagaasiimbhulaa| dasamIe givakhato suramahido ripakkhamaNe pRjjo / / ---jayadhavalA bhA0 11078 2. nAnAvidharUpacitA vicitrakUTocinAM mariNavibhUpAm / candraprabhAgya zivikAmAruhya purAviniSkAntaH / 8 / / mArgazirakaSNAdazamI hastottaramadhyamAzrite some / paSThena tvaparANhe bhaktena jinaH pravadAja || -niNi bhakti pUjyapAda 3. dekho uttara purANa parva 78 zloka 318 se 321

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsabhAga 2 karake ekAnta sthAna meM nirbhaya ho yoga-sAdhanA karate the| mIna dina meM adhika eka sthAna para nahIM Thaharate the| kintu varSA Rtu ko bitAne ke lie ve cAra mahIne eka sthAna para avazya Thaharate the aura maunapUrvaka tApa kA anu TAna barate the| ve aTThAIsa mulagaNoM kA bar3I dahanAce pAlana karane the| isa tapastrI jIvana meM mahAvIra ne aneka degA, nama gaMbhAra grAmA grAdi vividha sthAnoM meM bihAra kara tapa dvArA prAtma-zodhana kiyaa| ba indriyajayI kapAyoM ke. ramanA sukhAne ke lie nirantara prayatna karate the| dhyAna meM sthina ho yAtmatatva kA cintana karane the| ve dhyAna meM isa taraha sthita hote the jaise koI pApANa-mUti sthina ho / ve halana-calana se rahita niSkampa munahI jAne the| kevalajJAna bhagavAna mahAbIra ne apane sAdhu-jIvana meM anazanAdi dvAdaza kaThora durdhara evaM duSkara tapoM kA anuSThAna kiyaa| bhayAnaka hiMsra jIvoM me bharI haI aTavI meM vihAra kiyA / DAMsa-macchara, zIta, uSNa aura varSAdijanya ghora kAToM ko mhaa| sAtha hI, upamarga-paripahoM ko sahana kiyA parantu dUsaroM ke prati apane citta meM jarA bhI vikRti ko sthAna nahIM diyA / yaha mahAvIra ko mahAnatA aura sahanazIlatA kA ucca Adarza hai| unhoMne bAraha varSa paryanta maunapUrvanA pAThora tapazcaryA kii| bhramaNa mahAvIra zatru-mitra, sukha-dukha, prazaMsA-nindA, loha-kAMcana aura jIvanamaraNAdi meM sama bhAva ko-moha kSobha se rahita bItarAga bhAva ko-abalambana kiye huye the| ve sva-para kalpanA rUpa grahakAra gamalArAtmaka vikalpoM ko jIta cake the aura nirbhaya hokara siMha ke samAna grAma-nagarAdi meM svacchanda vicarate the / mahAvIra apane prAdha-jovana meM bapo Rtu ko chor3akara tIna dina se adhika eka sthAna para nahIM tthhre| unake maunI-sAdhu jIvana se bhI janatA ko vizeSa lAbha pahuMcA thA / anekoM ko abhayadAna milA, anekoM kA uddhAra hanA aura aneka ko patha-pradarzana milA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne zramaNa avasthA meM zrAvastI, kauzAmbI, vArANasI, rAjagRha, nAlandA, vaizAlI mAdi nagaroM tathA rAr3ha Adi dezoM meM bihAra kiyA aura apanI yoga-sAdhanA meM niSThatA prApta kii| kauzAmbI meM to candanA kI ber3I TUTa gii| usane navadhAbhakti se unheM jo grAhAra diyA, usase usane sAtizaya pUNya kA saMcaya kiyaa| use seThAnI kI kaida se chuTakArA milA, duHkha kA avasAna hmaa| yadyapi yamaNa mahAvIra ke muni-jIvana meM hone vAle upamagoM kA digambara sAhitya meM zvetAmbara paramparA ke sAhitya ke samAna ullekha upalabdha nahIM honA, kintu pAMcavI zatAbdI ke prAcArya yativRSabha racita tiloya paNNattI ke catRAdhikAra gata 1620 nambara kI gAthA ke nimna-sattama tebIsatima titthayarANaM ca uvasamgoM' vAkya meM sAtava, teIsaveM aura antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke sopasarga hone kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase mahAvIra ke sopasarga jIvana kA spaSTa AbhAsa mila jAtA hai| bhale hI unameM kucha atizayokti se kAma liyA gayA ho; parantu zramaNa mahAvIra ke sopasarga sAdhu jIvana se inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / uttara purANa meM mahAvIra ke sopasarga jovana kI ghaTanA kA ullekha milatA hai| usameM likhA hai ki-kisI samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra bhramaNa barate hae ujjainI kI pratibhaktaka smazAna bhUmi meM pratimA-yoga dhyAna se virAjamAna the| unheM dekha kara mahAdeva nAma ke rudra ne apanI duSTatA me unake dhairya kI parIkSA lenI caahii| ataH usane rAtri ke samaya aneka bar3e bar3e baitAloM kA rUpa banAkara upasarga kiyaa| ve tIkSNa camar3A chIla kara eka dUsare ke udara meM praveza karanA cAhate the| 1. sama-satu-bandhu baggoM sama-suha-duvAko psNs-nnid-smo| sama-loTa-kaMcaraNo puNa jIvida-maraNe samo samaNo / / --pravananasAra 3-41

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kevalajJAna 13 ve khone hue mukhoM se atyanta bhayaMkara dokhate the / inake atirikta sarpa, hAthI, siMha, agni aura vAyu ke sAtha bhIloM kI senA banAkara upasarga kiyaa| isa taraha pApa kA arjana karane meM nipuNa usa rudra ne apanI vidyA ke prabhAva se bhISaNa upasarga kiye kintu vaha unheM dhyAna se vicalita karane meM samartha na ho skaa| anta meM usane unake mahati aura mahAvIra nAma rakhakara stuti kI ora apane sthAna ko calA gyaa| zvetAmbara sampradAya kI AcArAGga nirmukti meM varddhamAna ko chor3akara zeSa 23 northaGkaroM ke tapa karma ko pisa batalAyA hai| anya zvetAmvarIya pratthA meM bhI mahAvIra ke upasarga kI aneka ghaTanAeM ullikhita milatI haiM, jinase spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra ko apane sAdhu-jIvana meM aneka atarga aura parISahI kA sAmanA karanA par3A, rantu ve unase raMcamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hue, pratyuta grAtmasahiSNutA se unake grAtmaprabhAva meM ho abhivRddhi huI aura logoM ne unake amita sAhasa aura dhairya kI sarAhanA kii| mahAvIra apane sAdhu-jIvana meM paMca samitiyoM ke sAtha mana-vacana-kAyarUpa tIna gupniyoM ko jItaneunheM vaza meM karane aura pacendriyoM ko unake viSayoM se nirodha karane tathA kapAya cakra ko kuzala mana ke samAna mala-mala kara niSprANa evaM rasa rahita banAne athavA kaSAyoM ke rasa ko sukhAne, unakI zakti ko nirvala karate hue kSINa karane kA upakrama karane hetu, darzana jJAna cAritra ko sthiratA se samatA evaM saMyata jIvana vyatona karate hue samasta paradravyoM ke vikalpoM se zUnya vizuddha Atma svarUpa meM nizcala vRtti se avagAhana karate the / zramaNa mahAvIra ko isa taraha grAma, kheTa, kavaMTa, aura vana maTambAdi aneka sthAnoM meM mInapUrvaka ugra tapadacaraNoM kA anuSThAna evaM AcaraNa karate hue bAraha varSa pAMca mahone aura pandraha dina kA samaya vyatIta ho gyaa| unheM ina bAraha varSoM ke samaya meM bAraha cAturmAsoM meM cAra cAra mahIne eka eka sthAna para rahanA par3A, parantu apanI mauna vRtti ke kAraNa unhoMne kabhI kisI se saMbhASaNa taka nahIM kiyA aura na kisI ko upadezAdi dvArA ho tuSTa kiyA / upasarga aura parISoM ke kaThina avasaroM para bhI samabhAva kA prAzraya liyA / mahAvIra kA sAdhu jIvana kaSTasahiSNu aura 1. dekho, uttara parva 74 331 se 336 2. sambesi to kammaM nizvasamAM tu vaNiyaM jiNA / navaraM tu badamAsa socamagmaM muNeyasvaM // 276 / / AcArAMga niyukti grAmapura TakaTa baMdhArA vijahAra / ustapovidvidivama pUjyaH // 10 // nirvAraNabhakti (ka) zvetAmbara sampradAya meM zrAmataura para tIrthaMkaroM ke rasa kA divAna nahIM hai kintu unake yahA~ jahAM tahA~ varSAvAsa meM caumAsA bitAne aura vayasya avasthA meM upadezAdi svayaM dene athavA yajAdi ke dvArA dilAne kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / parantu prAcArAGga sUtra ke TIkAkAra zIlA ne sAdhaka are strpUrvaka tAzcaraNa karane kA digambara paramparA ke samAna hI vidhAna kiyA hai| ve bAkya isa prakAra haiM : "nAnAvidhAbhitapato ghorAn parISahopasargAnapi sahanAno mahAsatvatayA mlecchAnapyupazamanaM nayan dvAdazavarSANi sAdhikAni vamastha motI tapazcacAra / " sUtravRtti pR0 273 ) - ( AvArA bhASA lAMka ke isa ullekha para se zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhI tIrthaMkara mahAvora ke maunapUrvaka tapadacaraNa kA vidhAna hone se chadmastha avasthA meM upadezAdi kI kalpanA nirarthaka jAna par3atI hai / lAThIkA meM mahAvIra ke tapazcaraNa kA kAla bAraha varSa sAr3he pAMca mahInA batalAyA hai gamaya masta vArasavAsAriNa paMca mAseya / pArasa dizAyi tirayaNa suddho mahAvIro // --ghavalA meM uddhRta prAcIna gAthA

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa saMyama maniSa caryA se dedIpyamAradAtA hai| isa taraha mahAvIra antarbAhya tapoM ke anuSThAna dvArA Atma-zuddhi karate hae jambhika grAma ke samIpa Aye, aura RjukalA nadI ke kinAre zAla vRkSa ke nIce baiTha gye| vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ko tIsare pahara ke samaya jaba ve eka zilA para SaSThopavAsa se yukta hokara kSapaka zreNI para ArUDha the, usa samaya candramA hastottara nakSatra ke madhya meM sthita thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne dhyAnarUpI agni ke dvArA jJAnAvaraNAdi ghAti-karma-mala ko dagdha kiyA aura svAbhAvika pAtma-guNoM kA vikAsa kiyA aura kevalajJAna yA pUrNa jJAna prApta kiyaa| jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ne moha karma kA vinAza kiyA, usake anantara ve kevalajJAna, kevala darzana aura anantavArya yukta hokara sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI ho gae tathA ve sayogI jina khlaaye| aisA niyama hai ki sayogI jina prati samaya asaMkhyAta gaNita zreNI se karma pradezAgra kI nirjarA karate hue / dharma rUpa tIrtha-pravartana ke liye yathocita dharma-kSetra meM mahAvibhUti ke sAtha) vihAra karate hai| kevalajJAna hone para unheM saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha yugapat (eka sAtha) pratibhAsita hone lage aura isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra sarvajJa aura sarvadazI hokara ahiMsA kI pUrNa pratiSThA ko prApta hue| unake samIpa jAti virodhI jIva bhI apanA vara-virodha chor3akara zAnta ho jAte the| unakI ahiMsA vizvazAnti aura vAstavika 1. jamuI yA jabhaka grAma vaJabhUmi meM hai / jo rAjagira se lagabhaga 30 mIla aura jhariyA se savAsau mIla ke lagabhama dUrI para sthita hai / RjukUlA nadI kA saMskRta nAma 'RSyakUlA' hai| isI jambhaka grAma ke dakSiNa meM lagabhaga cAra-pAca mIla kI dUrI para kevalI' nAma kA eka gAMva hai| isa grAma ke pAsa bahane vAlI nadI kA nAma aMjana hai| saMbhava hai, ukta kevalI grAma bhagavAna mahAbIra ke kevalajJAna kA sthAna ho / vaizAkha zuklA dazamI ke dina vahA~ melA bharatA hai, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna kI tithi hai / jayadhavasA meM jumbhaka grAma ke bAhara kA nikaTavartI pradeza mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna kA sthAna batalAyA hai / jaisA kivasAha johaparava-dasamIe ujukUlaedI tIre bhiyagAmissa bAhi chaTTovavAseA silAva prAdAbatee avara he pAda bAyAe kevasaNANamuppAidaM / ' (jayapa pu01 1079) 2. (a) vasAha sukhadasamI mASA vikhammi bIraNAhasa / RjukUlaNadItIre pravarAhe kevalaM gANaM / tilo 10 (A) RjulAyAmtIre zAla masathite shilaaptttt|| aparANhe SaSThenAriyatasya khalu ja bhikA mAme / / vaizAkha sitadazamyA hastottaramadhyamAzrite pandra // ni0 bha0 (i) ujukUlaraNadItIre abhipagAme vahi silAvaTai / chaNAdAvate pravaraNhe pAda bAyAe / / vasAha joNDapakse dasamIe savagase DhimArUDho / haMtUNa ghAIkamma kebalaNANaM smaavnnnno|| (jaya dha0 pu. 1060) (6) harivaMzapurANa 2 / 57-56 / (u) uttara purANa parva 74 zloka 348 se 352 3. tado praNatara kebasapAraNa-dasaNa-boriyajutto jiyo kevalI savvaNra samvadarisI bhavadi sajogijiyo ti bhAi / bhasajja guNAe sehIe padesagga gijare mAraNo viharadisi / kasAya pA0Ni sutta 1571, 1572 pR0 866 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sarvazatA aura sarvadarzitva kI carcA usa samaya loka meM vizva ta thii| yaha bAta bauddha tripiTakoM se prakaTa hai: dekho, majjhimanikAya ke cUla-dukkha kkhangha muttanta pR0 56 tathA ma0ni0 ke cUsa sakulu dAyI muttanta pR0 318 4. mahilA pratiSThAyAM tatsannidhau varatyAgaH / --pAtaMjali yogasUtram 35

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kevalagAna svataMtratA kI pratIka hai| isIliye prAcArya samantabhadra ne use parama brahma kahA hai| kevalajJAna hone para indrAdikadeva unake kaMvalajJAna kA kalyANaka manAne ke liye Aye aura unhoMne bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kevalajJAna kalyANaka kI pUjA kii| parantu usa samaya unakI divyadhvani nahIM khirI-unakA dharmopadeza nahIM huaa| dharmopadeza na hone kA kAraNa-kSAyopazamika jJAna ke naSTa ho jAne para ananta rUpa kevalajJAna ke utpanna hone para nau prakAra ke padAthoM se gabhita divyadhvani sUtrArtha kA pratipAdana karatI hai| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kaMvalajJAna hone ke pazcAta 66 dina taka gaNadhara ke abhAva meM dharma-nIrtha kA pravartana nahIM huaa| unakI vANI nahIM khirI / saudharma indra ne gaNadhara ko tatkAla upasthita kyoM nahIM kiyA? isa prazna ke uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki kAla ladhi ke binA saudharma indra gaNadhara ko kaise upasthita kara sakatA thaa| usa samaya usa meM gaNadhara ko asthita karane kI sAmadhdha nahIM thI, kyoMki jima ji. paba meM mahAvrata svIkAra kiyA hai aise vyakti ko chor3akara anya ke nimitta se divyadhvani nahIM khiratI / aisA usakA svabhAva hai| saudharma indra ko jaba yaha jJAta hA ki gaNadhara ke abhAva meM dharma-tArtha kA pravartana nahIM hayA. taba usane upayukta pAtra ke anveSaNa karane kA prayatna kiyaa| usakA dhyAna indrabhUti kI ora gayA aura vaha tatkAla baddha brAhmaNa kA veSa banAkara indrabhUti ke pAsa phuNcaa| abhibAdana ke pazcAt bolA-vidvan ! mere guru ne mujhe eka gAthA sikhAI thI, usa gAthA kA artha merI samajha meM acchI taraha se nahIM A rahA hai| mere guru isa samaya mauna dhAraNa kiye hae / prataH kRpAkara pApa hI isakA artha samajhA diijiye| uttara meM indrabhUti ne kahA-maiM tumheM gAthA kA artha isa zarta para samajhA sakatA hai ki usa gAthA kA artha samajha jAne para tuma mere ziSya bana jaaoge| devarAja ne indrabhUti kI zarta saharSa svIkAra kara lI aura usane indramati ke sAmane gAthA pddhii| paMkheva pratyikAyA chajjIvaNikAyA mahambayA paMcha / pradraya pakSayaNamAvA sahejano baMdha-mokkho y|| -dhavalA. pu09 pR0 126 1. ahiMsA bhUtAnAM jagati viditaM brahmaparama / na sA tatrArambho'stvaraNapi ca yvaashrmviyo| tatastatsiddhayartha parama karuNo graMtha mRbhayaM, bhavAnevA'tyAkSInna ca vikRtaveSopadhirataH / vahatsvayaMbhUstotra 2. zvetAmbara sampradAya meM aisI mAnyatA hai ki jU bhaka grAma kI RjukalA nadI ke kinAre jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevalajJAna hamA, taba devatA gaNoM ne Akara unakI pUjA kii| zAna kI mahimA kii| devatAnoM ne samavasaraNa kI racanA kI, kintu prakama dezanA kA pariNAma virati-grahaNa kI dRSTi se zunya rahA / prathama samavasaraNa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI nahIM khirii| isalie usa dina dharmatIrtha kA pravartana na ho skaa| Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 238 ke anusAra kevalajJAna utpanna hone para mahAvIra rAtri meM hI madhyamA ke mahAsena vana nAmaka udyAna meM cale ge| TIkAkAra malayagiri ke bhanusAra RjukUlA se 12 yojana dUra madhyamA nagarI ke mahAmena vana meM prAme pora yahA~ somila brAhmaNa ke yajJa meM pAye hue 11 upAdhyAyoM ko unake ziSyoM ke sAtha dIkSita kiyaa| ve mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadhara hue| 3. kebalaNANe samuppaNe vi tattha tityANuppattI do| digdambhuNIe kima satyApausI? grisdaabhaavaado| mohammideNa sakkharaNe peya gariNado ki hoido? kAlalaDIe viNA asahAyassa deviMdassa tahadopaNasattIe prbhaavaado| sagapAdamUlasmi paDivaNamahabvayaM motUraNa bharaNAmuddisima dimbagbhulo kiNa payaTTade? saahaaciyaado| e ca sahAvo parapajjariNayogAraho, mmmvtyaavtiido| -dhavalA. pu0 thapR. 121

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 indrabhati gAthA ko sunate tathA par3hate hI asamaMjasa meM par3a gyaa| usako samajha meM nahIM pAyA ki pAMca astikAya, paTa jIvanikAya aura praSTa pravacana mAtrAeM kauna-sI haiM ? 'chajjIvaNikAyA' pada se vaha aura bhI vismita hanA, jIvoM ke chaha nikAya kauna se haiM? kyoMki jIva ke astitva ke sambandha meM usakA mana pahale se hI zaMkAzIla banA hayA thaa| indrabhUti ne apane vicAra pravAha ko rokate hue usa Agantuka se kahA-'tuma mujhe apane guru ke pAsa le calo, unake sAmane hI maiM isa gAthA kA vArya rmjhaauuNgaa| inTa mApane abhISTa artha ko siddha hotA dekha bar3A prasanna huA aura vaha indrabhUni ko usake bhAiyo aura unake pAMca-pA~ca sau ziSyoM ko sAtha lekara mahAvIra ke samammaraNa meM phuNcaa| vIra-zAsana chayAsaTha dina taka mauna se vihAra karate hue barddhamAna jinendra rAjagaha ke prasiddha bhUdhara vipulagiri para pdhaare| jisa taraha sUrya udayAcala para ArUr3ha hotA hai, usI prakAra barddhamAna jinendra bhavya logoM ko prabuddha karane ke lie vipula lakSmI ke dhAraka vipulAcala para grArUr3ha hue' / varddhamAna jinendra ke Agamana kA vRttAnta avagata kara sura-asurAdi saparikara padhAre aura unhoMne eka yojana vistAra vAle samavasaraNa kI racanA kI, jo koToM, dvAroM, gopUroM, aSTamaMgala dravyoM, dhvajAyoM, mAnastambhoM, stUpoM, mahAvanoM, vApikAoM, kamala samUhoM aura latA gahoM se alaMkRta thA aura jisameM bAraha prakoSTha yA vibhAga bane hue the| samavasaraNa kI devopunIta racanA atyanta sammohaka aura prabhAvaka thii| usakI mahimA adbhuta thii| samavasaraNa kI yaha khAsa vizeSatA thI ki usa samavasaraNa sabhA meM deva vidyAdhara, manuSya aura tiryacAdi pazu sabhI jIva apane-apane vibhAga meM zAntabhAva se baiThe hae the aura bhagavAna mahAvIra usameM pATha prAtihAyoM aura cauMtIsa atizayoM meM saMyukta virAjamAna the / unakI nirvikAra prazAnta mudrA prAkatika AdarzarUpa ko janaka thI / ve ahiMsA kI pUrNa pratiSThA ko pAkara paramabrahma paramAtmA bana gae the / ataH unakI ahiMsA ko pUrNa pratiSThA ke prabhAva se jAni-virodhI jIvoM kA paraspara meM RSAyarUpa viSa dhula gayA thaa| unakI moha-kSobha rahita vItarAga mudrA atyanta prabhAvaka thii| iso se virodhI jIvoM para usakA amita prabhAva aMkita thaa| janatA ne jAti virodhI jIvoM kA vipula giri para ekatra milApa dekhA, usameM deva aura manuSyoM ke atirikta siMha-hiraNa, sarpa-nakUla, aura cahA-billI yAdi virodhI jIva bhI zAntabhAva se baiThe the| unheM dekhakara unake grAzcarya kA ThikAnA na rahA / ve bAra-bAra kahane lage ki yaha saba usa kSINamohI vigatakalmaSa, yogIndra mahAvIra kA hI prabhAva hai| jaisA ki saMskRta ke nimna prAcIna padya se spaSTa hai : sAraMgI siMhazAvaM spazati sutadhiyA nandinI vyAghrapotaM / mArjArI haMsabAlaM praNayaparadhazAke kikAntA bhujaMgIm / vairANyAjanmajAtAnyapi galitamavA jantavo'nye tyajanti, zritvA sAmyekarUr3ha prazamitakalUSaM yoginaM kSINamoham // 1. SaTSaSTi divasAna bhUpo maunena vihAna vibhuH / mAjagAma jagatsyAta jino rAja gahaM puram // 61 prAroha giri tatra vipulaM vipula zriyam / prabodhArthaM sa lokAnA bhAnumAnudayaM yathA // 12 // harivaMza pu02| 61, 62 2. prAtihAya no'STAbhizcamsinmahAtaH / datra devato'bhAsIjjinazcandra iva grahai: / / harivaMza purANa 2 / 165

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17 samavasaraNa kI mahattA aura prabhutA ko dekhakara aisA kauna vyakti hogA, jo prabhAvita hue binA na rahatA / unakA chatratraya tIna loka kI prabhutA ko vyakta kara rahA thaa| sodharma aura IzAna indra camara hola rahe the, aura zeSa indra jaya-jaya zabdoM kA uccAraNa kara rahe the| phira bhI bhagavAna varddhamAna usa vibhUti se cAra aMgula ra anta rikSa meM virAjamAna the / ve usa vibhUti se yannaviSTa dikhAI de rahe the| unakI yaha nimtAyAtma-bodha aura vairAgya kI janaka thI / vIra zAsana indrabhUti ne bhAiyoM aura ziSyoM ke sAtha samavasaraNa kI mahattA kA avalokana kiyaa| use apanI vidyA kA bar3A abhimAna thA / vaha apane sAmane kisI dUsare ko vidvAn mAnane ke lie taiyAra na thA / kintu jaba vaha samayasaraNa meM praviSTa huA, taba mAnastambha dekhate hI usakA sava abhimAna gala gayA aura mana mAtra bhAvanA se prAMta ho gayA / mana meM bhagavAna ke prati Adara bhAva jAgRta huaa| aura thAntarika vizuddhi ke sAtha vaha samavasaraNa ke bhItara praviSTa huaa| usane divyAtmA mahAvIra ko dekhate hI bhakti se namaskAra kiyA, tIna pradakSiNAeM dIM, usa samaya usakA antaHkaraNa vizuddhi se bhara rahA thA / prAntarika vairAgya bhAvanA ne use prerita kiyA aura usane pAMcoM se apane kezoM kA loMca kiyA aura vastrAbhUSaNa ke tyAgapUrvaka apane bhAiyoM aura pAMca-pAMca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha saMyama dhAraNa kiyA' - yathA jAta digambara mudrA dhAraNa kI aura vaha gautama gotrI indrabhUti bhagavAna mahAvIra kA prathama avadhi gaNadhara banA, aura agnibhUti vAyubhUti bhI gaNadhara pada se alaMkRta hue| dIkSA lete hI indrabhUti mati, zruta, aura mana:paryayarUpa jJAnacatuSTaya se bhUSita hue / unakA jIva-viSayaka sandeha bhI dUra ho gayA aura tapobala se unheM aneka RddhiyAM (vizeSa zaktiyAM ) prApta huii| ve aNimAdi sapta Rddhisampanna sapta bhaya rahita, paMcendriyavijayI, parIpaha sahiSNu, aura pad jIva nikAya ke saMrakSaka the| ve prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga zrIra dravyAnuyoga rUpa cAra vedoM meM athavA sAma, Rka, yaju aura atharva vedAdi meM pAraMgata tathA vizuddha jhIla se sampanna the / bhAvazrutarUpa paryAya se buddhi kI paripakvatA ko prApta indrabhUti gaNadhara ne eka muhUrta meM bAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrvI kI racanA kii| jaisA ki tiloya paNNattI kI nimna gAthAoM se prakaTa hai : 'vimale godamagote jAveNaM iMdabhUdi NAmeNa / cauvedapArageNaM sisseNa visuddhasIleNa // bhAvasudapajjayehiM pariNadamaviNA vArasaMgANaM | codasa putrANa tahA ekkamRhuttena viraciNA vihido / tilo0 pa0 1476-7 indrabhUti ko bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAnnidhya se tathA vizuddhi aura tapovala se aisI apUrva sAmarthya prApta huI, jisase unheM sarvArthasiddhi ke devoM se bhI zranantaguNA vala prApta thA, jo eka muhUrta meM bAraha aMgoM ke artha aura dvAdazAMgarUpa granthoM ke smaraNa tathA pATha karane meM samartha the, aura amRtAsava yAdi RddhiyoM ke bala se hastapuTa meM gire hue saba AhAroM ko ve amRta rUpa se pariNAmAne meM samartha the tathA mahAtapa guNa se kalpa vRkSa ke samAna, evaM prakSINa mahAnasa labdhi ke vala se apane hAthoM meM gire hue AhAroM kI akSayatA ke utpAdaka the ghoratapaRddhi ke mAhAtmya se jIvoM ke mana, vacana aura kAyagata samasta kaSToM ko dUra karane vAle, sampUrNa vidyAoM ke dvArA jinake caraNa sevita the / AkAza cAraNa guNa se saba jova samUhoM kI rakSA karane vAle, bacana evaM mana me samasta padArthoM ke sampAdana karane meM samarthathe, aNimAdi prATha guNoM ke dvArA saba deva samUhoM ko jItane vAle aura paropadeza ke binA akSara akSara rUpa sava bhASAoM meM kuzala gaNadhara deva granthakartA haiM aisI divya zaktiyoM ke dhAraka gaNadhara indrabhUti bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara bane / aura unake donoM bhAI bhI gaNadhara pada se alaMkRta hue| zvetAmbarIya Avazyaka niyukti meM bhI sabhI gaNadharoM ko dvAdaza aMga aura caudaha putroM kA dhAraka batalAyA hai, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara the, jinakA paricaya Age diyA gayA hai| / 1. pratyeka sahitAH sarve ziSyANAM paJcabhiH zataiH / tyavatAmbara/disambandhAH saMyamaM pratipedire / (harivaMza 0 2266 ) 2. ghavalA pR0 126

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 magadhanareza bimbasAra (ka) se jaba yaha kAla para bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samavasaraNa AyA hai, taba usane sihAsana se uThakara sAta peDa calakara bhagavAna ko parIkSa namaskAra kiyA / aura nagara meM mahAvIra ke darzana ko jAne ke lie DoMDI piTavAI / vaha svayaM vaibhava ke tathA apanI rAnI celanA ke sAtha vipulA - cala ke samIpa AyA | taba samavasaraNa ke dRSTigocara hote hI samasta vaibhava ko chor3akara rAnI ke sAtha samavasaraNa meM praviSTa ho gayA / zreNika ne bhagavAna kI vaMdanA kara tIna pradakSiNAeM dIM aura gadagada ho bhaktibhAva se unakI stuti kI aura stavana karate hue kahA ki he nAtha! mujha ajJAnI ne hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ke saMcaya meM jhArabhAdi dvArA ghora pApa kiye haiN| aura to kyA mujha midhyAdRSTi pApI ne munirAja kA vadha karane meM bar3A Ananda mAnA thA, una para maiMne bahuta upamagaM kiyA thA, jisase maiMne narake le jAne vAle narakAya karma kA bandha kiyA, jo chUTa nahIM sakatA / grApako vItarAga mudrA kA darzana kara Aja mere donoM netra saphala ho ge| aba mujhe vizvAsa ho gayA hai ki maiM isa saMsAra samudra se pAra jAU~gA / he bhagavan! Apake darzana se mujhe atyanta zAnti milI hai / Apake darzana se mujhe aisI sAmarthya prApta ho, jo maiM isa dustara bhavasAgara se pAra ho sakU~ / isa taraha vaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kA stavana kara manuSyoM ke koThe meM baiTha gayA, aura upadezAmRta kA pAna kiyaa| bimbasAra bhagavAna ke asA dhAraNa vyaktitva se prabhAvita hI nahIM huaa| kintu usane unheM loka kA kAraNa bandhu smjhaa| usakA hRdaya Ananda se chalachalA rahA thA / aisA mAnanda aura zAnti use apane jIvana meM kabhI prApta nahIM huI thii| unake darzana se usake hRdaya meM jo vizuddhi aura prasannatA bar3hI, usakA kAraNa kevala vItarAga prabhu kA darzana hai / usI dina vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka kI putrI candanA ne dIkSA lI aura vaha AryikAoM ko pramukha gaNinI huI / usa samaya aneka rAjAzroM, rAjaputroM tathA sAmAnya janoM ne mahAvIra kI dezanA se prabhAvita hokara yathAjAta mudrA dhAraNa kii| anekoM ne zrAvakAdi ke vrata dhAraNa kiye| rAjA zreNika ke akrUra, vAriSeNa, abhayakumAra aura meghakumAra Adi putroM ne rAja vaibhava kA parityAga kara dIkSA lo aura tapazcaraNa dvArA Atma-sAdhanA ko zrIra unakI mAtAoM ne tathA antaHpura kI striyoM ne samyagdarzana, zola, dAna, proSadha aura pUjana kA niyama lekara trijagadguru varddhamAna jinendra ko namaskAra kiyA aura vratAdi kA anuSThAna kara jIvana saphala banAyA / 18 zrAvaNa kRSNA pratipadA ko prAtaHkAla sUryodaya ke samaya abhijita nakSatra, aura rudra muhUrta meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prathama dharmadezanA huI / vaha varSa kA prathama mAsa prathama pakSa zrIra yuga kI Adi kA prathama divasa thA, jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sarvodaya tIrtha kI bArA pravAhita huii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa pAvana tithi meM samasta saMzayoM kI chedaka, dundubhi zabda ke samAna gambhIra aura eka yojana taka vistRta hone vAlI divya dhvani ke dvArA zAsana kI paramparA calAne ke lie upadeza diyaa| mahAvIra kA yaha dharmopadeza eka yojana ke bhItara dUra yA samIpa 1. sutA ceTakarAjasva kumArI candanA tadA / tAmrasaMvItA jAtAryANAM puraHsarI // 2. vAsalsa paDhamamA sAbaNa khAmammi bahula DivAe / abhijI klattamma va uppattI zrammatitthassa || sAhule pAviruddamuhate suhodaye raviNo / abhijassa paDhamajoe jugassa zrAdI hamassa puDhaM / / harivaMza pu0 270 -tilo0 pa0 1-66,70 3. sa divyadhvaninA vizvasaMzayacchedinA jinaH / dundubhidhvanidhIre yojanAntaravAyinA // zrAvaNasyAsite pakSa nakSatre'bhijiti prabhuH / pratipadyahna pUrva he zAsanArthamudAharata // - harivaMza pu0 2 / 90-91

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vIra zAsana 16 baiThe hae deva-devAMganAmoM, manuSya, striyoM, tithaMcoM tathA nAnA deza sambandhI saMjJI jIvoM kI akSara anakSara rUpa aThAraha mahA bhASA aura sAta sau ladhubhASAnoM meM pariNata huyA thaa| tAlu, proSTha, danta, aura kaNTha ke halana-calana rUpa vyApAra se rahita, tathA nyUnAdhikatA se rahita madhura, manohara aura vizada rUpa bhASA ke atizayoM se yukta eka hI samaya meM bhavya jIvoM ko grAnandakAraka upadeza humA / usase samasta jIvoM kA saMzaya dUra ho gayA, kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra rAgadvepa aura bhaya se rahita the| bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI, kalpavAsI devoM ke dvArA tathA nArAyaNa, balabhadra, vidyAdhara, cakravartI, manupya, tiyaMca aura anya RSi maharSiyoM ke dvArA jinake caraNa pUjita haiM aise bhagavAna mahAvIra arthAgama ke kartA hue aura gaNadhara indrabhUti grantha kartA hue| mahAbIra ne apanI dezanA meM batAyA ki ghaNA pApa se karanI cAhie, pApI jIva se nahIM / yadi usa para ghaNA kI gaI to phira usakA utthAna honA kaThina hai| usa para to dayAbhAva rakhakara usakI bhUla sujhAkara prema bhAva se usake utthAna kA prayAsa karanA hI pasAra hai| vIrazAsana meM zUdroM. aura striyoM ko apanI yogyatAnusAra prAtmasAdhana kA adhikAra milaa| mahAvIra ne apane saMgha meM sabase pahale striyoM ko dIkSita kiyA aura candanA una saba AyikAmoM kI gaNinI bnii| mahAvIra ke zAsana kI mahattA kA isI se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya ke bar3e-bar3e rAjA gaNa, yuvarAja, maMtrI, seTha, sAhUkAra Adi sabhI ne apane-apane vaMbhava kA jIrNa tRNa ke samAna parityAga kiyA aura mahAvIra ke saMgha meM dokSita hAe, tathA RSigiri para kaThora napazcaryA dvArA Atma-sAdhanA kara mukti ke pAtra bne| unameM rAjA uddAyana prAdi kA nAma khAsataura se ullekhanIya hai| rAjA uddAyana kI rAnI prabhAvatI, ceTaka kI putrI jyeSThA, aura rAjA udayana kI mAtA mRgAvatI tathA anya nAriyAM bhI dIkSA lekara prAtma-hita ko sAdhikA huii| usa samaya mahAvIra ke saMgha meM caudaha hajAra muni, candanAdi battIsa hajAra prAyikAeM, eka lAkha zrAvaka,aura tIna lAkha zrAvikAeM, asaMkhyAta deva-deviyA~, tathA saMkhyAta tiyaMtroM ko avasthiti thii| mahAvIra kA yaha zAsana sarvodayatIrtha ke rUpa meM loka meM prasiddha hyaa| yaha zAsana saMsAra ke samasta prANiyoM ko saMsAra-samudra se tArane ke lie ghATa athavA mArga svarUpa hai, usakA prAdhaya lekara saMsAra ke sabhI jIva prAtma-vikAsa kara sakate haiN| yaha sabake udaya, abhyudaya, utkarSa evaM unnati meM athavA prAtmA ke pUrNa vikAsa meM sahAyaka hai| yaha zAsanatIrtha saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM kI unnati kA dyotaka hai| mahAbIra ke isa zAsanatIrtha meM ekAnta ke kisI kadAgraha ko sthAna nahIM hai| isameM sabhI ekAnta ke viSaya pravAha ko pacAne kI zakti hai-kSamatA hai| yaha zAsana syAdvAda ke samunnata siddhAnta se alaMkRta hai, isameM samatA aura udAratA kA rasa bharA huyA hai| vastutattva meM ekAnta kI kalpanA sva-para ke vaira kA kAraNa hai, usase na apanA hI hita hotA hai aura na dUsare kA hI ho sakatA hai| vaha to sarvathA ekAnta ke prAgraha meM anurakta humA vastu tattva se dUra rahatA hai| mahAvIra kA yaha zAsana ahiMsA athavA dayA se ota-prota hai| isake prAcAra-vyavahAra meM dUsaroM ko duHstrotpAdana kI abhilASA rUpa amaMtrI bhAvanA kA praveza bhI nahIM hai| pAMca indriyoM ke damana ke lie isameM saMyama kA bidhAna kiyA gayA hai, isameM prema aura vAtsalya kI zikSA dI gaI hai, yaha mAnavatA kA saccA hAmI hai| apane bipakSiyoM ke prati jisameM rAgadveSa kI taraMga nahIM uThatI hai, jo sahiSNa tathA kSamAzola hai aisA yaha vIrazAsana hI sarvodaya tIrtha hai| usI meM vizva-bandhutva kI lokakalyANakArI bhAvanA antanihita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAMta gambhIra aura samudAra haiM, ve maitrI, pramoda, kAruNya aura madhyastha kI bhAvanA se prota-prota haiN| unase mAnava jIvana ke vikAsa kA khAsa sambandha hai| unake nAma haiM ahiMsA, anekAnta yA syAdvAda, svatantratA aura aprigrh| ye sabhI siddhAnta bar3e hI mUlyavAna haiM kyoMki unakA mUla ahiMsA hai| isa taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne 30 varSa ke lagabhaga arthAta 21 varSa 5 mahIne aura 20 dina ke kevalI jIvana meM kAzI, kozala, vatsa, caMpA, pAMcAla, magadha, rAjagRha, vaizAlI, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, tAmralipti, saurASTra, mithilA, 1. devo, tilAya paNanI 160 me 14 taka gAthAe /

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20 jana dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa- bhAga 2 mathurA, nAlaMdA, puNtavardhana, kozAmbI, ayodhyA, purimatAlapura, ujjaino, malladeza, dazArNa, kekayadeza, kolAgasanniveza, kirAta, zrAvastI, kumAragiri, aura nepAla grAdi vividha dezoM aura nagaroM meM vihAra kara kalyANakArI sanmArga kA upadeza diyaa| asaMkhya prANiyoM ke ajJAna-andhakAra ko dUra kara unheM yathArtha vastusthiti kA bodha kraayaa| prAtmavizvAsa bar3hAyA, kadAgraha dUra kiyA / anyAya atyAcAra ko rokA, patitoM ko uThAyA, hiMsA kA virodha kiyA. unake bahamoM ko dUra bhagAyA aura unheM saMyama kI zikSA dekara prAtmotkarSa ke mArga para lagAyA tathA unakI andhazraddhA ko samIcIna bnaayaa| dayA, dama, tyAga aura samAdhi kA svarUpa batalAte hae yajJAdi kriyAkANDoM meM hone vAlI bhArI sA ko diyA...- vAstavika svarUpa aura unake rahasya ko samajhAyA, jisase vilavilATa karate hue pazu-kUla ko abhayadAna milA / jana samUha ko apanI bhUleM jJAta huI, aura ve satpatha ke anugAmI bane / bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa isa taraha vihAra karane hue bhagavAna mahAvIra pAvA nagara ke manohara udyAna meM pAye aura tAlAba ke madhya eka mahAmaNimaya zilAtala para sthita hokara do dina pUrva bihAra se rahita ho kArtika kRSNA caturdazI kI rAtri ke vyatIta hone para svAtiyAga meM tRtIya zuvala vyAna samucchinna kriyApratipAti meM nirata ho mana-bacana-kAyarUpa yogatraya kA nirodha kara caturtha zakladhyAna vyuparatakriyAnivRtti meM sthita hokara avaziSTa adhAti karmacatuSTaya kA vinAza kara amAvasyA ke prAtaHkAla akele bhagavAna mahAvIra nirvANa ko prApta hue' / kintu uttara purANa meM eka hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha mukta honA likhA hai| 1. (ka) pacyA pAvAraNyare kattiyamAse kiNha coddasie / sAdIe ratIe sesarayaM khena nivvaano| -jayadha bhA0 1 pR061 (kha) kattiya kiNhe coddasi panca se saadishaamnnkkhtte| pAvAe gayarIe ekko vIresaro siddhaa| (tilo 50 4-1208) (ga) kattiyamAsakiNhAkvacaudasadivase ca kevalaNAreNa saha esya gamiva raaiundo| amAvAmIe paririNavAraNa pUjA sAladevidehi kyaa| -dhava0 pu06 pR0 125 2. (gha) ka mApAvApuraM prApya manoharavanAntare / bahanAM sarasAM madhye mahAmariNazilAtala / / 506|| sthitvA dinadvayaM vIjabihAro bajanirjaraH / kRSNakArtikapakSasya caturdazyAM nizAtyaye / / 510|| svAtiyoge tRtIyeta zukladhyAnaparAyaNaH / kRtatriyogasaMrodhaH samucchinna kriyaM zritaH / / 511 / / hata pAti catuSkaH sanna zarIro guNAtmakaH / gantA muni sahane raNa nirvANaM sarvavAJchitam / / 512 / / - uttara purANa parva 76, zloka 50 se 512 (3) papavanadIpikAkula vividha imakhaNDamaNDite ramye / pAvA nagarodyAne vyutsargaraMga sthitaH sa muniH / /

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvAraNa usI samaya gautama indrabhUti ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huI / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa mahotsava ke samaya cAroM nikAyoM ke devoM ne vidhivata unake zarIra kI pUjA kii| usI samaya sura aura asuroM ke dvArA jalAI huI dIpakoM ko paMkti se pAvAnagarI kA AkAza saba ora se jagamagara uThA / licchivi gaNa, mallagaNoM Adi ke aneka rAjAzroM ne aura rAjA bimbasAra (zreNika) ne bhagavAna ke nirvANa kalyANaka kI pUjA kii| usI samaya se bhagavAna ke nirvANa kalyANaka kI bhakti se yukta, saMsAra ke prANi bhAratavarSa meM prativarSa prAdarapUrvaka dIpamAlikA dvArA bhagavAna kI pUjA karate haiN| usI dina se bhAratavarSa meM dIpAvala parva sotsAha manAyA jAtA hai / yaha mahotsava ar3hAI hajAra varSa se sAre bhAratavarSa meM manAyA jAtA hai / vAra nirvANa samvat bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa IsavI san ke 527 varSa pUrva huA hai aura mahAtmA buddha kA parinirvANa mahAbIra ke nirvANa se lagabhaga 17 varSa pUrva arthAt IsavI san ke 544 varSa pUrva meM huA hai| siMhala Adi dezoM meM buddha ke nirvANa kA yahI kAla mAnA jAtA hai / vIra nirvANa saMvat ke vivAda para prasiddha aitihAsika vidvAna sva0 paM0 jugalakizora mukhtAra ne aneka granthoM ke pramANa dekara yaha pramANita kiyA ki pracalita vikrama saMvat rAjA vikrama ko mRtyu kA saMvat hai, jo vIra nirvANa saMvat se 470 varSa bAda prArambha hotA hai| muni kalyANa vijaya ne apane vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA' nAma ke nibandha meM bhI sapramANa yahI vivecana kiyA hai| kArtika kRSNasyAnte svatA nihatya karmaraja: 1 pravazeSaM samprAyajarAmara makSayaM saukhyam // ( nirvANa bha0 16, 17 ) (ca) kRtvA yoganirodhamujjhitsamaH SaSThena tasminvane / vyutsargeNa nirasya nirmalaruciH karmApyazeSANi saH // sthitvendrAvapi kArtikAsitacaturdazyAM nizAnte sthitI svAtI sanmatirAsasAda bhagavAsiddhiprasiddha zriyam / / ( vardhamAna carita, asagakRta 50 484 21 1. jinendravIro'pi vivotya santataM samantato bhavya samUhasantatim / prapadya pAyA nagarI garIyasIM manoharodyAnavane tadIyake // caturthakAle caturtha mAsavahInatAvidacaturabda zeva / kArtike svAtiSu kRSNabhUtasuprabhAtasandhyAsamaye svabhAvataH // adhAtikaraNa niruddhayogako vidhUya ghAtIndhanavadvibandhanaH / vibandhanasthAnamavApa zaGkaro nirantarAmasukhAnubandhanam // sa paJcakalyANamahAmahezvaraH prasiddhanirvANamahe catuvidhaH / zarIrapUjAvidhinA vidhAnataH suraiH sanabhyacyaMta siddhAsanaH // pradIpAlikA pravRddhayA surAsuraiH dIpitathA pradIptayA / tadA sma pAvAnagarI samantataH pradIpitAkAzatalA prakAzate // tathaiva ca zreNikapUrvabhurbhujaH prakRtya kalyANamahaM sahaprajAH / prajagmurindrAzya surabAyathaM prayAcamAnA jinabodhimacinaH / / tatastu lokaH prativarSa mAdarAtprasiddha dIpAlikamAtra bhArate / samudyataH pUjayituM jinezvaraM jinendranirvANavibhUtibhaktibhAk / / - harivaMzapurANa 76-15 se 21

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 mahAkavi vIra ne saM0 2076 meM samApta hue jaMbusvAmicarita kI nimna gAthA meM vIra nirvANa kAla aura vikrama kAla ke varSoM kA antara 430 varSa batalAyA hai| yathA : varisANa satha udakaM sattari jutta jinaMda vIrassa / NivANA ubavaNNo vikkamakAlassa uppattI / / 22 isase spaSTa hai ki bIra nirvANa kAla se 605 varSa aura mahIne kAna ko vikrama rAjA yA vikrama kAla kaise kahA jA sakatA hai / hone vAle rAjA athavA zaka vIra nirvANa saMvat kI pracalita mAnyatA meM digambaroM aura zvetAmbaroM meM paraspara koI matabheda nahIM hai / donoM hI vIra nirvANa me 605 varSa 5 mahIne bAda zaka zAlivAhana kI utpatti mAnate haiN| dUsare vikrama rAjA ka nahIM, zakAri thA - zatru thaa| yaha bAta dAmana zivarAma ApTe (V. S. Apte ) ke prasiddha kopa meM bhI ise specially applied to Salivahan jaise zabdoM dvArA zAlivAhana rAjA tathA usake saMvat ( era ) kA vAcaka batalAyA hai / isa kAraNa vikrama rAjA 'zaka' nahIM, kintu zakoM kA zatru thA / aisI sthiti meM use zaka batalAnA yA 'zaka' zabda kA artha zaka rAjA na karake vikrama rAjA karanA kisI bhUla kA pariNAma hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirmANa ke bAda kaMbaliyoM aura zrutadhara AcAryo kI paramparA kA ullekha karate hue unakA kAla 683 varSa batalAyA hai| isa 683 varSa ke kAla meM se 77 varSa 3 mahIne ghaTA dene para 605 varSa 5 mahIne kA kAla avaziSTa rahatA hai / vahI mahAvIra ke nirvANa divasa se zaka kAla kI Adi-zaka saM0 ko pravRtti taka kA kAla madhyavartI kAla hai- mahAvIra ke nirvANa divasa se 605 varSa 5 mahIne ke bAda zaka saMvat kA prArambha huA hai aura batalAyA hai ki chaha sau varSa pAMca mahIne ke kAla meM zaka kAla ko - dAka saMvat kI varSAdi saMkhyA ko - jor3a dene se mahAvIra ke nirvANa kAla kA parimANa yA jAtA hai| "sabba kAla samAso teyAsodIe prahiya chassadameto ( 683) puNo ettha sattamA sAhiya satahattarivAsesu ( 77-7 ) zravaNidesu paMcamAsAhiyapaMca ttarachassa davAsANi ( 605 - 5 ) havaMti, eso vorajiniMdaNivANagada divasAdo jAva samakAlassa prAdi hodi tAvadiya kAlo / kuro ? evamhi kAle saMgaNarivakAlassa pavikhate vaDamANa jiNaNivvada kAlAgamaNAvo - ( dhavalA0 pu0 pR0 131-2 ) AcArya vIrasena ne dhavalA TIkA meM vora nirmANa saMvat ko mAlUma karane kI vidhi batalAte hue pramANa rUpa se jo prAcIna gAthA uddhRta kI hai vaha isa prakAra hai paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsA chacceva hoMti vAsasayA / sagakAlena ya sahiyA thAveyavbo tado rAsI // isa gAthA meM batalAyA hai ki zaka kAla kI saMkhyA ke sAtha yadi 605 varSa 5 mahIne jor3a diye jAyeM to vIra jinendra ke nirvANakAla kI saMkhyA A jAtI hai| isa gAthA kA pUrvArdha, vora nirvANa se zaka kAla ( saMvat ) kI utpatti ke samaya ko sUcita karatA hai| zvetAmbaroM ke tirogAlI par3anmaya kI nimna gAthA kA pUrvArdha bhI, vIra nirvANa se 605 varSa 5 mahIne bAda zaka rAjA kA utpanna honA batalAtA hai / paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsA chankheva hoMti vAsasayA / pariviprassa'rahito uppanno rUmo rAyA // 623 isa gAthA meM bhI 605 varSa 5 mahIne bAda zaka rAjA kA utpanna honA likhA hai| isase donoM sampradAyoM meM nirvANa samaya kI ekarUpatA pAI jAtI hai| isakA samarthana vicAra zreNi meM uddhRta zloka se bhI hotA hai :zrIvIranivRtervaSaH SaDbhiH paMcottaraH zataiH / zAkasa' valsara speSA pravRttirbharate 'bhavat // Upara ke isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki pracalita vIra nirvANa saMvat ThIka hai / usameM koI galatI nahIM hai| aura vi0 [saM0 470 vikramAditya kI mRtyu kA saMvat hai| muni kalyANa vijaya Adi ne bhI pracalita vIra nirvANa saMvat ko hI ThIka mAnA hai 1

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7 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara indrabhUti zrAdi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara huye| ye sabhI gaNadhara tapta dopta Adi tapa Rddhi dhAraka tathara cAra prakAra ko buddhi Rddhi, vikriyA Rddhi, prANa Rddhi, bhauSadhi Rddhi, rasa Rddhi zrora balamRddhi se sampanna the / unakA nAma aura paricaya yathAkrama nIce diyA jAtA hai : prAptasaptadvisampadbhiH samastabhutapAragaH / gaNendrarindra bhUtyAdyaM re kAvazabhirAditaH // 40 indrabhUtiriti proktaH prathamo gaNadhAriNAm / pragnibhUtidvitIyazca vAyubhUtistRtIyakaH // / 41 // zucisturIyastu sudharmaH paJcamastataH / isot use ityukto mauryaputrastu sattamaH // 42 // aSTamo'kampanAkhyAtiracalo navamo mataH / medAya dazamo'ntyastu prabhAsaH sarvaeva te ||43 // taptadItA dilapasaH sutubuddhivikriyAH / zramINo dhilabdhIzAH sadasaddhibaladvayaH // 44 // - harivaMza purANa 3/40-44 ina gyAraha gaNadharoM kI saba milAkara gaNa saMkhyA ( ziSya saMkhyA ) caudaha hajAra tho ina caudaha hajAra ziSyoM meM se tIna sau pUrva ke dhArI, nau sau vikriyA Rddhi ke dhAraka, terahI avadhijJAnI, sAtasau kevalajJAnI, vipulamati gAna ke dhAraka, cAra sI paravAdiyoM ko jItane vAle vAdI, zrauranau hajAratI sau zikSaka the| ye saba sAdhu grAtma-zodhana tathA dhyAna meM saMlagna rahate the aura karmazRGkhalA ko tor3ane vAlI yAtma-sAmarthya ko bar3hA rahe the| vIra zAsana ke siddhAntoM ko jIvana meM utAra rahe the| unameM kucha grAtma zuddhi ke lakSya ko prApta karane kA upakrama kara rahe the| ina vidvAn aura mumukSu ziSyoM se mahAvIra kA zAsana camaka rahA thaa| gaNa ke nAyaka gaNadharoM kA sakSipta paricaya nIce diyA jAtA hai| indrabhUti ke pitA kA nAma vasubhUti thA, jo arthasampanna vidvAna aura apane gA~va kA mukhiyA yA aura gaoNvara grAma kA nivAsI thaa| inako jAti brAhmaNa aura gotra gautama thA / vasubhUti kI do striyA~ thiiN| pRthvI aura kezarI / inameM indrabhUti ko mAtA kA nAma pRthvo devI yA / indrabhUti kA janma IsvI pUrva 607 meM huA thA / yaha vyAkaraNa, kAvya, koSa, chanda, alakAra, jyotiSa, sAmudrika, vaidyaka bora veda vedAMgAdi codaha vidyAoM meM pAraMgata thA / gautama indrabhUti kI vidvattA kI dhAka loka meM prasiddha thI / isake 500 ziSya the, jo aneka vidyAoM meM pAraMgata the / gautama ko apanI vidyA kA bar3A abhimAna thaa| apane se bhinna dUsare vidvAnoM ko vaha heya samajhatA thA / saudharma indra kI preraNA se indrabhUti apane bhAiyoM aura apane tathA unake pA~ca-pA~ca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha vipulAcala para mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM AyA / samavasaraNa meM praviSTa hote ho usane samavasaraNa ke vaibhava 1. dekho, harivaMza purANa, sarga 3 zloka meM 45 se 46 pR0 27 ( bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita ) 2. bimale godamagottaM jANaM iMdabhUdiraNAmeNaM / vedapArageNaM sisseNa vizuddhasIle || -tilo0 pa0 178 23

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 ke sAtha mAnastambhako dekhaa| usake dekhate hI usakA mAna galita ho gyaa| usane barddhamAna vizuddhi se saMyukta bhagavAna mahAvIra kA-prasaMkhyAta bhavoM meM ajita mahAna karmoM ko naSTa karane vAle jinadeva kA-darzana kara tIna pradakSiNAyeM dI, aura pA~ca aMgoM dvArA bhUmisparzapUrvaka vandanA karake hRdaya meM jina bhagavAna kA dhyAna kiyA / indrabhUti kA vidyA sambandhI saba abhimAna calA gayA, aura anta:mAnasa atyanta nirmala ho gyaa| hRdaya meM vinaya aura vizaddhi kA udreka bar3hA, aura vairAgya kI taraGgoM ne unheM jhakajhora ddaalaa| indrabhUti ne tatkAla vastrAdi graMthoM kA parityAga kiyA aura paMca maSTi se kezoM kA loca kiyA pora digambara dIkSA dhAraNa kii| usa samaya una kI avasthA pacAsa varSa ke lagabhaga thI unhoMne paca mahAvratoM kA anuSThAna kiyA, pAMca samitiyoM kA prAcaraNa kiyA, aura rAgaDepa rahita ho tIna guptiyoM se sampanna, niHzalya, cAra kaSAyoM se rahita, paMcendriyoM ke viSayoM se virakta. tathA mana-vacana-kAya rUpa tridaNDoM ko bhagna karane vAle, paTa nikAya jIvoM ke saMrakSaka, saptabhaya rahita, aSTamada vajita, dIpta, tapta aura aNimAdi vaiphiyika labdhiyoM se sampanna, pANipAtra meM dI gaI khIra ko pramatarUpa se parivartita karane aura use akSaya banAne meM samartha, kSudhAdi bAIsa pariSahoM ke vijetA, jinheM AhAra aura sthAna ke viSaya meM akSINa Rddhi prApta ghI tapobala se vipulamati gana paryayajJAna ke dhAraka aura sarvAvadhi avadhijJAna se azeSa pudagala dravya kA sAkSAt karane vAle Rddhi sampanna pramukha gaNadhara pada se alaMkRta hue| yaha ghaTanA grASADhI pUrNimA ke dina ghaTita huI, isI se use guru pUrNimA' kahate haiN| usake pazcAta zrAvaNa kRSNa pratipadA ke dina brAhma muhurta meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko divya dhvani khirI aura gautama gaNadhara ne use dvAdazAMga rUpa se nibaddha kiyaa| kebalajJAna se vibhUSita bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA kahe gaye artha ko, usI kAla meM aura usI kSetra meM bhago. pazamavizeSa se utpanna hae cAra prakAra ke nirmala jAna se yukta, varNa se jAhmaNa, gautama gotrI, sampUrNa dadhatiyoM meM pAraMgata, jIva-jIva viSayaka sandeha ko dUra karane ke liye zrI varddhamAna ke pAda mula meM upasthita indramati ne para dhAraNa kiyA / anantara bhAvazrutarUpa paryAya se pariNata usa indrabhUti ne varddhamAna jina ke tIrtha meM zrAvaNamA kRSNa pakSa meM, yuga ke Adi meM, pratipadA ke pUrva dina meM dvAdazAma zruta kI racanA eka muhUrta meM kii| ataH bhAvadhata 1. mAnamtabhaM tamAlokya mAnaM tatyAja gautamaH / nija prazobhayA yena vismitaM bhuvanatrayam / / -gautama caritra 4-66 2. tato jainezvarI dokSA bhrAtRbhyAM jagreha saha / ziSyaH paMcazataH sAI brAhmaNakulasaMbhavaH / / -gautama ca04-101 3. mahAvIra bhAsiyatyo tassiM setAmma tattha kAle ya / khAmovamamavivaciddharamalamaIhiM puNeNaM / / lopAloyANa tahA jIvAjIvANa vivihavisaesu / sandehaNAsaNatyaM ubagadasirivIracalaNamUleNa vimale godamagotte jAdeNaM indabhUdiNAmeNa / cauvedapArageNa sisseNa bisuddhasIlega // bhAvamudAjayahi pariNadamaiNA avArasaMgANaM / coddasapuravANa tahA ekkamuhattaNa viracaNA vihido / / -tilo0pa0 176-76 'puraSo teriNadabhUdiNA bhAvasuda-pajjaya-pariNadeNa dArahaMgANa codasa-bvANaM ca granthAraNa mekkeNa caiva muhateNa kameNarayaNA kadA / tado bhAvamudassa matthapadANaM ca tisthayaro kattA / titthaya rAdo suda-pajjAega godamo pariyAdo ni daca-sudAsa godamo kttaa| -pavalA. pu01pR064-65

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha garAghara 25 aura arthapadoM ke kartI tIrthakara haiN| tIrthakara ke nimitta se gautama gaNadhara zrata padArtha se pariNata hue| prataeva dravyazruta ke kartA gautama gaNadhara haiN| indrabhUti ne donoM prakAra kA thu taz2Ana lohAcArya (sudharma svAmI) ko diyaa| jisa dina (kArtika kRSNA amAvasyA ke prAtaHkAla) bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA, usI dina gautama indrabhUti ko kebalajJAna kI prApti huii| unhoMne kevalI paryAya meM bAraha varSa paryanta vividha dezoM meM vihAra kara dharmoMpadeza ke dvArA bhavya jIvoM kA kalyANa kiyA-vIra zAsana kA loka meM pracAra kiyA 1 aura IsvI pUrva 515 meM rAjagRha ke vipulagiri se nirvANa prApta kiyaa| agnibhUti-(dvitIya gaNadhara) yaha indrabhUti gautama kA maMjhalA bhAI thaa| pitA kA nAma batubhUti aura mAtA kA nAma pRthvIdevI thaa| vaha bhI apane jyeSTha bhrAtA indrabhUti ke samAna hI vyAkaraNa, chanda, jyotiSa, alaMkAra, darzana aura veda bedAMga Adi caudaha vidyAoM meM kuzala thaa| vaha 47 varSa kI vaya meM apane pA~ca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM dIkSita huyA thA aura bAraha varSa taka chadmastha avasthA meM trayodaza prakAra ke cAritra kA anuSThAna karate hae apane gaNa kA pAlana kiyA / pazcAta dhAti karma kA nAza kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura 16 varSa kevalo paryAya meM raha kara mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM hI lagabhaga 74 varSa kI avasthA meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| vAyubhUti-(tRtIya gaNadhara) yaha indrabhUti gautama kA choTA bhAI thaa| isako mAtA kA nAma kezarI aura pitA kA nAma vahI vasubhRti thaa| yaha veda vedAMgAdi caturdaza vidyAoM kA pAragAmI vidvAna thA aura vyAkaraNa chandAdi samasta viSayoM meM niSNAta thaa| vAyubhUti ke bhI 500 ziSya the| yaha bhI apane donoM bhAiyoM, unake ziSyoM tathA apane ziSyoM ke sAtha vipulagiri para mahAbora ke samavasaraNa meM dIkSita huA aura unakA tIsarA gaNadhara bnaa| usa samaya ina kI avasthA 42 varSa ke lagabhaga thii| inhoMne 10 varSa kA jIvana prAtma-sAdhanA meM vyatIta kiyA / pazcAt kevalajJAna prApta kara 18 varSa taka kaMvalI jIvana meM bihAra karate rahe aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se do varSa pUrva ho 70 varSa kI avasthA meM nirvANa prApta kiyaa| prArya vyakta yA zucidatta-(caturtha gaNadhara) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke cauthe gaNadhara kA nAma prAyaM vyakta yA zucidatta thaa| yaha magadha dezastha saMvAhana nAmaka nagara ke rAjA the, inakA nAma supratiSTha thA, inakI paTarAnI kA nAma rukmaNi thA, inase sudharma nAma kA eka putra humA thA, jo kuzAgra buddhi thA, vidyAoM ke parijJAna meM zrI pTha, samasta zAstroM kA jJAtA aura kalAoM kA dhAraka thaa| sajjanoM ke mana ko prAnandadAyaka aura zatrupakSa ke kumAroM ko bhaya utpanna karane vAlA thaa| eka dina vaha vizaddhamati supratiSTha rAjA apanI patnI aura putra ke sAtha bhava-samudra-saMtAraka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM gayA aura unakI divya-dhvani suna kara sAMsArika deha-bhogoM se virakta ho digambara muni ho gayA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA caturtha gaNadhara hamAre aura tapazcaraNa kA anuSThAna kara kevalajJAna prApta kara 1. gatvA vipulazabdAdigirI prApayAmi ni tim --uttara pura 06-517 2. aha etyu ji vara mamahAvimae, mara ramaNi mAma vAsiya dimaa| jinamaMdiramaMDiyadharariMgavale, indIvara-rapa-kaya murahi jle| saMvAhaNa nAmu atvi nayaka, nAyarabilAsahAsiyalayaru / / mo jAu pupta jaNa jAriNaya hai. naranAheM rupiNI rANiyahe / sauhamma nAmu vijjA pavaru nosesasattha viSNANa gharu /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM hI mukti ko prApta haa| vetAmbara paramparAnusAra Arya vyakta kollAga sanniveza ke bhAradvAja gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inakI mAtA kA nAma bAruNI aura pitA kA nAma dhanamitra thaa| inake mana meM yaha sandeha thA ki 'brahma ke atirikta sArA saMsAra mithyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM unakI divya vANI se samAdhAna pAkara apane pA~ca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha pacAsa varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| bAraha varSa taka chamastha avasthA meM Atma-sAdhanA kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| 15 varSa taka kevalI rahakara mahAbIra ke jIvana kAla meM assI varSa kI avasthA meM mukti patha ke pathika banekarma bandhana se mukta hue| sudharmasvAmI-(paMcama gaNadhara) sadharma svAmI magadhadezastha saMvAhana nagara ke rAjA sUpratiSTha aura rAnI rukmaNi kA putra thaa| vaha kazAgra baddhi vidyAoM ke parijJAna meM jyeSTha, samasta zAstroM kA jJAtA aura kalAoM kA dhAraka thA aura sajjanoM ke mana ko Ananda dene vAlA evaM zatru pakSa ke rAjakumAroM ko bhaya utpanna karane vAlA thaa| eka dina rAjA supratiSTha saparivAra bhava-samudra-saMtAraka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM gayA, aura unakI divya dhvani sunakara dehabhogoM se virakta ho digambara muni ho gayA aura bhagavAna kA caturtha gaNadhara haa| kumAra ne jaba dekhA ki pitA ne rAjya vibhUti kA parityAga kara digambara mudrA dhAraNa kara lo, tava sUdharma ne bhI apane janaka kI rAjya sampadA kA parityAga kara zAzvata sukha ko sAdhaka dIkSA aMgIkAra kI aura vaha mahAvIra kA paMcama gaNadhara banA aura tapazcaraNa dvArA Atma-sAdhanA meM tatpara huaa| eka dina vaha mUni saMgha ke sAtha vihAra karatA huA rAjagRha ke eka udyAna meM phuNcaa| yahA~ jambusvAmI ne unheM dekha kara namaskAra kiyA aura phira unhIM kI ora dekhane lgaa| usake mana meM unake prati anurAga huA / jambU kumAra ne sudharma svAmI se usakA kAraNa pUchA, taba unhoMne batalAyA ki 'maiM vahI bhavadatta kA jIva hU~, jo rAjA bajradanta kA sAgaracandra nAma kA pUtra thA, aura mUni hokara brahmottara svarga meM deva huA thA aura tuma bhavadeva ke jIva ho, jo mahApadma rAjA ke zivakumAra nAma ke putra the aura pitA ke moha se dIkSA na lekara ghara meM hI pANipAtra meM prAzuka AhAra liyA karate the| vahAM se jalakAnta vimAna meM vidyunmAlI nAmaka deva huA, jo cAra deviyoM se yukta thaa| aba vahA~ se arhadAsa gika kA pUtra hamA hai| yahI paraspara ke sneha kA kAraNa hai| gautama gotrIya indrabhUti ne eka muharta meM dvAdazA~ga kA avadhAraNa kara bAraha aMga rUpa granthoM kI racanA kI aura apane guNoM ke samAna sudharmAcArya ko usakA vyAkhyAna kiyaa| sUdharma svAmI kA apara nAma lohAcArya bhI thaa| dhavalA TIkA meM sudharma ke sthAna para lohAcArya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| .-.-.-.--.-..- - ..- - - .sajaNa maNa nayagANaMdayau, lAiya paDivakkha kumAra Daru | ekkAha diNe suppaiTTha nivaha, sakalattu sanaMdaNu suddhamai / gau vaMdaNa bhalie bhavataraNa, siribora jiNaMda samosaraNa / siMgamuNe vi parameTThihi divajhuriga, pavajja levihuu parama murikha / gaNahara cautthu nada-taviyataNa, siddhabahu nimesiya vimalamaNu / / -jaMDU sAmicariu pR0 150-151 1. prAcArya raviSeNa ne padmacarita ke 413 padya meM "mudharma dhAriNI bhavam dvArA unheM pAriNI kA putra prakaTa kiyA hai| 2. teNa godapeNa duvi havi sudaraNArA lohagjassa saMcAridaM / -dhavalA0pU01pR065

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27 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara muni nandi ne bhI jambUdIpapaNNattI meM sudhamaM kA nAma spaSTa rUpa se lohAcArya batalAyA hai, jaisA ki usakI nimna gAthA se spaSTa hai: teNa vi lohajjassa ya lohajjeNa ya sudhammaNAmeNa / gaNadhara sudhammaNA khalu jambUNAmassa NiddiTTho // (jabU0 pa0 1 10 ) isase sudharma kA nAma lohAcArya nizcita hai / jaba IsvI pUrva 515 meM indrabhUti gautama kA nirvANa huA, usI dina sudharma svAmI ko kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| sudharma svAmI ne 30 varSa gaNadhara avasthA meM rahakara pate zrAtmA kA vikAsa kiyA aura saMgha saMcAlana kiyA, tathA jaina dharma ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| subhramaM svAmI ne 30 varSa ke muni jIvana meM jo kArya kiyA hai, sahasroM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA, usakA yadyapi koI vivaraNa upalabdha nahIM hai| kintu unake muni jIvana kI eka ghaTanA kA ullekha nimna prakAra upalabdha hotA hai| eka samaya sudharmAcArya sasaMgha vihAra karate hue ur3a deza ke dharmapura nagara meM Aye aura upavana meM tthhre| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma 'yama' thaa| usakI aneka rAniyA~ thiiN| unameM dhanavatI nAma kI rAnI se gardabha nAma kA putra aura koNikA nAma kI putrI utpanna huI thI / anya rAniyoM se pAMca sau putra utpanna hue the| ye pA~ca sau putra paraspara premI, dharmAtmA aura saMsAra se udAsIna rahate the| rAjamaMtrI kA nAma dIrgha thA, jo bahuta buddhimAna aura rAjanItijJa thA / sudharmAcArya kA zrAgamana jAnakara, tathA nagara nivAsiyoM ko pUjA kI sAmagrI lekara unakI pUjA-vandanA ko suni-nindA jAte dekhakara rAjA bhI apane pANDitya ke abhimAna meM muniyoM kI nindA karate hue unake gyaa| aura jJAna ke abhimAna se usake aise tIvra karma kA udaya AyA ki usakI saba buddhi naSTa ho gaI / use apanI yaha dazA dekhakara bar3A Azcarya aura kheda huA / usane unakI tIna pradakSiNA dIM aura namaskAra kara unase dharmopadeza punA / usase use bahuta kucha zAnti milii| usane apane pAMca sau putroM ke sAtha gardabha ko rAjya dekara dIkSA dhAraNa kara lI aura tapazcaraNa dvArA zrAtma-sAdhanA karane lgaa| unake putra bhI Atma-sAdhanA meM saMlagna hokara kaThora tapa kA AcaraNa karane lage / 1 isa taraha sudharmAcArya ne sahasroM ko dIkSA dI, unheM satmArga meM lagAyA aura mahAvIra vAsana kA pracAra kiyA anta meM sudharmasvAmI ne apanA saba saMghabhAra jambUsvAmI ko soMpa diyA aura ghAtikarmoM kA vinAza kara kevalI (pUrNajJAnI) bneN| unhoMne bAraha varSa paryanta vividha dezoM meM vihAra kara janatA kA kalyANa kiyA -- mahAvIra ke sarvodaya tIrtha kA pracAra kiyaa| anta meM IsvI pUrva 503 meM sau varSa kI avasthA meM vipulAcala se nirvANa prApta kiyA' / zvetAmbara paramparAnusAra pAMcaveM gaNadhara sudharma kA paricaya nimna prakAra hai| paMcama gaNadhara sudharmA 'kollAga' sanniveza ke agni vaizyAyana gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inakI mAtA kA nAma mahilA aura pitA kA nAma dhammila thaa| inhoMne bhI janmAntara viSayaka apane sandeha ko miTAkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM pAMca sau chAtroM ke sAtha dIkSA grahaNa kii| ye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uttarAdhikArI hue, aura mahAvIra nirvANa ke bIsa varSa bAda taka saMgha kI sevA karate rhe| anya sabhI gaNadharoM ne inheM dIrgha jIvI samajha kara apane-apane gaNa smhlvaae| inakI thAyu sau varSa ke lagabhaga thI / 50 varSa kI vaya meM dIkSA lI aura 42 varSa chadmastha paryAya meM 1- manni tidine labdhA sudharmaH zrutapAragaH // lokAlokAvalokaMkAlokamantyavilocanam // - uttara pu0, 76 / 527-518

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28 aura 8 varSa kevalI rUpa meM dharma kA pracAra kara zata varSa kI Ayu meM rAjagRha nagara se mukta hue / ' mANDavya - (chaThaveM gaNadhara ) jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 yaha mauryaM sanniveza ke vaziSTha gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma ghanadeva aura mAtA kA nAma vijayA thA / inhoMne bhI indrabhUti kI taraha apane 350 chAtroM ke sAtha tirepana varSa kI avasthA mahAvIra ke samakSa muni dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| caudaha varSa taka AtmasAdhanA ke mArga meM rahakara 67 varSa ko avasthA meM kevalajJAna prApta kiyA / lagabhaga 16 varSa kevalo jIvana meM rahakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana samaya meM hI mukta hue / maurya putra - ( sAtaveM gaNadhara ) sAtaveM gaNadhara maurya putra haiM, jo mauyaM sanniveza ke nivAsI the| inakA gotra kAzyapa thA / inake pitA kA nAma maurya aura mAtA kA nAma vijayA devI thaa| deva aura devaloka samvandhI zaMkA kI nivRtti ke pariNAmasvarUpa lagabhaga paiMsaTha varSa kI avasthA meM apane 350 chAtroM ke sAtha jinezvarI dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| kucha varSa chapastha avasthA meM bitAkara 76 varSa kI vaya meM kevala jJAna prApta kiyaa| 16 varSa kevalI paryAya meM rahakara mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM hI mukta hue| kampita - (prATha gaNadhara ) AThaveM gaNadhara kA nAma prakampita thaa| yaha mithilA nagara ke nivAsI gautama gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma deva aura mAtA kA nAma jayantI thA / inheM naraka aura nArakIya jIvoM ke sambandha meM sandeha thA / apane saMzaya kI nivRtti ke kAraNa 48 varSa kI avasthA meM apane tIna sau ziSyoM ke sAtha mahAvIra ke caraNoM meM daMgambarI dIkSA grahaNa kii| tapazcaraNAdi dvArA chadmastha jIvana bitAkara kevalajJAna prApta kara 21 varSa paryanta kevalI paryAya meM rahakara rAjagRha se mukti prApta kI / pracalabhrAtA - ( nauveM gaNadhara ) bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nauveM gaNadhara kA nAma acala bhrAtA thaa| jo hArIya gotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma vasu aura mAtA kA nAma nandAdevI thaa| puNya-pApa-sambandhI apanI jijJAsA ko nivRtti ke bAda unhoMne apane tIna sau ziSyoM ke sAtha chayAlIsa varSa kI avasthA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sanmukha digambara dIkSA lI aura kaThora sAdhanA karate hue unhoMne kevala bodhi prApta kii| lagabhaga bahattara varSa kI avasthA meM vipulAcala se nirvANa prApta kiyaa| metArtha - ( dasaveM gaNadhara ) dazaveM gaNadhara kA nAma metAyaM hai| ye vatsa dezAntargata taMgika sanniveza ke nivAsI the| inakA gotra kauDinya thaa| inake pitA kA nAma datta aura mAtA kA nAma daruNA thaa| punarjanma ke sambandha meM inake mana meM saMzaya thaa| kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke upadeza se usakA samAdhAna ho gayA / nizzaMka hone para inhoMne chattIsa varSa kI avasthA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakSa apane tIna sau ziSyoM ke sAtha dvividha parigraha kA parityAga kara digambara dIkSA le lI / tapazcaraNa dvArA kaThora sAdhanA karate hue ghAti catuSTaya kA vinAza kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura lagabhaga bAsaTha varSa kI avasthA meM rAjagRha se mukti prApta ko / prabhAsa - ( gyArahaveM gaNadhara ) gyArahaveM gaNadhara kA nAma 'prabhAsa' thaa| ye rAjagRha ke nivAsI the / inakA gotra kauDinya thA / inake 1. mokSa te mahAvIre sudharmAgaNabhRvaraH / are dvAdazAdAna tasmo tIrthapravartayan / tatazca dvAnavatyabdI prAnte samprApta kevalaH / zraSTAbdI vijahArova bhavyasatvAn prabodhayat || prApte nirmANa samaye pUrNa varSa zatAyuSA / sudharma svAminA sthApi jambUsvAmI gaNAdhipaH // pariziSTa parva 4-57, 58, 59

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bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara 26 pitA kA nAma bala aura mAtA kA nAma pratibhadrA thaa| inako mokSa ke sambandha meM zaMkA thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA usakA samAdhAna ho jAne para unhIM ke samakSa unhoMne digambara mudrA dhAraNa kii| ATha varSa taka kaThora tapazcaraNa dvArA Atmazodhana kiyA aura ghAti catuSTaya kA vinAza kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| kucha varSa kevalI paryAya meM rahakara avinAzI pada prApta kiyA / yama muni ur3a deza meM dharmapura nAma kA eka nagara thaa| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma 'yama' thaa| rAjA bar3A buddhimAn zrIra zAstrajJa thA / usakI dhanavatI rAnI se gardabha nAma kA eka putra aura koNikA nAma kI putrI utpanna huI thii| isake atirikta aura bhI rAniyA~ thIM / jinase pAMca sau putra utpanna hue the| ve pAMca sau bhAI paraspara meM namI aura dharmAtmA the / saMsAra se udAsIna rahA karate the| rAjA kA dIrgha nAma kA eka maMtrI thA jo loka zAstra aura rAjanIti kA paMDita thA / eka dina kisI naimittika ne rAjA se kahA ki kumArI koNikA kA jo pati hogA vaha sArI pRthvI kA bhoktA hogA | yaha sunakara rAjA atyanta prasanna huaa| vaha putrI kI bar3e yatna se rakSA karane lgaa| usane usake lie eka sundara talaghara banavA diyA, jisase use choTe-moTe balavAna rAjA na dekha skeN| eka samaya sudharmAcArya vihAra karate hue pA~ca sau muniyoM ke saMgha sahita dharmapura meM padhAre, aura nagara ke bAhara upavana meM tthhre| unakA ekamAtra lakSya saMsAra ke jIvoM kA hita karanA thaa| nagara nivAsiyoM ko unakI pUjA, vandanA ke liye pUjana sAmagrI ko lekara jAte hue dekhakara rAjA bhI apane pANDitya ke abhimAna meM muniyoM kI nindA karate hue unake pAsa gyaa| muni nindA aura jJAna kA abhimAna karane se usI samaya usake aise tIvra pApa karma kA udaya bhAyA ki usakI buddhi vinaSTa ho gaI, aura vaha mahAmUkhaM bana gyaa| nIti meM bhI kahA hai ki kula, jAti, mala, Rddhi, aizvarya, zarIra, tapa, pUjA pratiSThA aura jJAnAdi kA mada nahIM karanA cAhiye, kyoMki inakA abhimAna bar3A duHkhadAyI hotA hai| rAjA ko apanI yaha dazA dekhakara bar3A mAzcarya aura kheda huA / usane apane kRta karmoM kA bar3A pazcAttApa kiyaa| munirAja ko bhakti pUrvaka namaskAra kiyA, aura unakI tIna pradakSiNAeM dIM aura usane unakA bhaktipUrvaka upadeza sunaa| usase use kucha zAnti milii| usakA prabhAva rAjA para par3A, pariNAmasvarUpa rAjA kA citta deha-bhogoM se virakta ho gyaa| ve usI samaya gardabha nAma ke putra ko rAjya dekara apane anya pAMca sau putroM ke sAtha, jo bAla avasthA se vairAgI the, muni ho gae / muni avasthA meM sabane zAstroM kA khUba abhyAsa kiyA / zrAzcarya hai ki pAMca sau putra to khUba vidvAn bana ge| kintu yama muni ko paMca namaskAra maMtra kA uccAraNa karanA taka nahIM paayaa| apanI yaha dazA dekhakara ve bar3e zarmindA aura dukhI hue| unhoMne vahA~ rahanA ucita na samajha apane guru se tIrtha yAtrA karane ko prAjJA le lI, aura akele hI vahA~ se nikala pdd'e| eka dina yAtrA meM yama muni akele hI svacchanda ho mArga meM jA rahe the / unhoMne gamana karate hue eka ratha 1. etammita sakale naSTe garvahIno narAdhipaH / munipAravaM sa samprApya bhaktiSTatanUruhaH / / 14 / prAya gardabhAbhikhyaM purva prAptaM sa bhUpatiH / rAjyapaTTe babandhAsya samastanRpasAkSikam ||15|| zarta paMcabhirAyuktaH svaputrANAM duSaH saha / anyaH sudharmasAmIpye rAjendraH sa tayo'grahIt ||16|| evaM pravrajite tasmistatputrA muptakuJjarAH / granthArthapAragAH sarve babhUvuH svalpakAlataH ||17|| -- hariSeNa kathA koza, kathA 61, pR0 132

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 20 dekhA jisameM gadhe jute hue the aura usa para eka AdamI baiThA huA thA / gadhe use hare dhAna ke kheta kI ora le jA rahe the| rAste meM muni ko jAte hue dekha kara ratha meM baiThe hue manuSya ne unheM pakar3a liyA, aura unheM vaha kaSTa pahu~cAne lagA | muni ke jJAna kA kucha kSayopazama ho jAne se unhoMne eka khaNDa gAthA par3hI - kahasi puNa Nikkhevasire mahA jaba pecchasi khAdimiti / re gadho, kaSTa uThAoge to tuma jo bhI coho khA sakoge / eka dina kucha bAlaka khela rahe the, devayoga se koSikA bhI vahIM pahu~ca gii| use dekhakara ve bAlaka Dare / usa samaya koNikA ko dekhakara yama muni ne eka zrIra khaNDa gAthA banAkara par3hI 'ttha kilovaha tumhe patthaNi vRddhi yA chir3e acchAI koNi ini / dUsarI ora kyA dekhate ho ? tumhArI patthara sarIkhI kaThora vRddhi ko chedane vAlI koNikA to hai / eka anya dina yama muni ne eka meMDhaka ko eka kamala patra kI Ar3a meM chupe hue sarpa kI ora zrAte hue dekhaa| dekhakara ve se Dhaka se bole- 'amhAdo patthi bhayaM dohAdo dIsade bhaya tumhAMsa mere AtmA ko kisI se bhaya nahIM hai, kintu bhaya hai tumheM / yama muni ne jo kucha thor3A-sA jJAna sampAdana kara pAyA, vaha ukta tIna khaNDa gAthAtmaka hI thaa| ve unhIM kA svAdhyAya karate, isake atirikta unheM kucha nahIM jAtA thA / kintu unakA antarmAnasa pavitra thaa| ve yathAjAta mudrA ke dhAraka the, tapazcaraNa karate aura aneka tIrtho kI yAtrA karate hue ye dharmapura thaae| ve zahara ke bAhara eka bagIce meM kAyotsarga mudrA meM sthita ho dhyAna karane lage / unake thAne kA samAcAra unake putra gardabha aura rAjamaMtrI dIrgha ko jJAta huA / unhoMne samajhA ki ye hamase gunaH rAjya lene ke liye Aye haiM / zrataeva ve donoM muni ko mArane kA vicAra kara AdhI rAta ke samaya vana meM prAe aura talavAra khIMca kara unake pIche khar3e ho gae / munivara ne nimna gAthA par3hI - dhik rAjyaM dhiG mUrkhatva kAtaratvaM ca dhiktarAm / nispRhAcca munayana zaMkA rAjye'bhavattayoH 11 --aise rAjya ko aisI mUrkhatA aura aise Darapokapane ko dhikkAra hai, jisase eka nispRha aura saMsAratyAgI muni ke dvArA rAjya ke chIne jAne kA unheM bhaya huyA / yadyapi gardana aura dIrgha donoM muni kI hatyA karane ko prAe the, parantu unakI unheM mArane kI himmata na pdd'ii| usI samaya muni ne apanI svAdhyAya ko pahalI gAthA pddh'ii| use sunakara gardabha ne maMtro se kahA- jAna par3atA hai muni ne hama donoM ko dekha diyA hai| pazcAt muti ne dUsarI khaNDa gAthA par3hI, taba usane kahA, nahIM jI munirAja rAjya lene nahIM Ae haiN| merA vaisA samajhanA bhrama thA zrajJAna thaa| merI bahina kozikA ke prema vaza ve kucha kahane ko ye jAna par3ate haiN| anatara munirAja ne tIsarI gAthA bhI pddh'ii| usakA artha gardabha ne yaha samajhA ki maMtrI dIrgha bar3A duSTa hai, mujhe mAranA cAhatA hai| ataeva bhramavaza hI pitA jI mujhe sAvadhAna karane Aye haiM / thor3I dera meM unakA rAva sandeha dUra ho gyaa| unhoMne apane hRdaya kI saba duSTatA chor3akara bar3I bhakti ke sAtha una munirAja ko praNAma diyA aura dharma kA upadeza sunA / upadeza sunakara ve donoM bahuta prasanna hue, aura zrAvaka ke vratoM ko grahaNa kara apane sthAna ko lauTa gae / yamavara muni nirmala cAritra kA pAlana karate hue apane pariNAmoM ko vairAgya se sarAbora karane lage / unakI nispRha vRtti, pavitra saMyama kA zrAcaraNa, aura tapazcaraNa kI niSThatA, ekAgratA dina-para-dina bar3ha rahI thii| unheM tapazcaraNa ke prabhAva se sapta RddhiyA~ prApta huii| ve bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA adiSTa samyakjJAna kI ArAdhanA meM tatpara hue| labdhi saMyukta ve muni anya pA~ca sau muniyoM ke sAtha kumAragiri ke zikhara se devaloka ko prApta hue / jaisA ki kathA koza ke nimnapadyoM se spaSTa hai 1. yamayogI pariprApya gurusaamiipymaadraat| ghora tapakAre vividhaddhi samanvitaH / / pAdAnusAriMgI buddhiH koSThabuddhistathaiva ca bhinna zrotrikAdyA hi buddhayaH parikIrtitAH // 56 // ugraM tapastathA dIptaM tapastaptaM mahAtapaH / dhorAdIni vijAnantu tapAMsImAni kovidaH ||60|| - hariSeNa kathAkoSa pR0 136 ---

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antima kevalI jambUsvAmI etAbhilabdhibhiyuktaH zrAmaNyaM paripAlya ca / dharmAdinagarAsanne kumAra girimastake / / 67 / zataiH paJcabhirAyuktA munInAM dhrmshaalinaam| pArAdhanAM samArAdhya yamaH sAdhudivaM yayau / / 6 / antima kevalI jambUsvAmI magadha deza ke rAjagRha nagara meM ahaddAsa nAma kA seTha rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma jinamatI yA jinadAsI thA, jo rUpa-lAvaNya-saMyukta aura patiyatA thii| donoM ho jainadharma ke saMpAlaka mora dharmaniSTha thAvaka the| seTha grahaMdAsa ke pitA kA nAma dhanadatta aura mAtA kA nAma gotravatI thA / inakaM do putra the ahaMdAsa aura jinadAsa / inameM grahadAsa dharmAtmA thA aura jinadAsa kusaMgati ke kAraNa bUtAdi vyasanoM kA zikAra ho gayA thaa| vaha eka dina jue meM chattIsa sahasra mudrAe hAra gyaa| ghara se mudrA lAkara dane kA vacana dene para bhI chala nAma ke eka jumArI ne jinadAsa ke peTa meM kaTAra mAra dii| usakI sUcanA milane para ahaMdAsa use apane ghara le AyA, aura ucita upacAra karane para bhI vaha use bacA na skaa| usane grahahAsa se kahA ki mane jIvana meM dharma se viparIta bure karma kiye haiM, unakA mujhe pazcAttApa hai / paraloka sudhArane ke liye kucha dharma kA svarUpa btlaaiye| tava ahaMdAsa ne use dhArmika upadeza diyA aura pacanamaskAra maMtra sunAyA, jisase vaha yakSa yoni meM utpanna humA / java usane yaha sunA ki ahaMdAsa seTha ke gRha meM antima kevalI jambUsvAmI kA janma hogA, to vaha apane vaMza kI prazaMsA sunakara harSa se nAca utthaa| vidyanmAlo deva kA jIva brahma svarga se cayakara jaba jinamatI ke garbha meM pAyA taba jinamato ne pAMca zubha svapna dekhe--hAtho, sarovara, cAvaloM kA kheta, ghUma rahita agni, aura jAmuna ke phala / nau mahIne bAda 607 I. pUrva meM jambumvAmI kA janma huA aura usakA nAma jambUkumAra rakkhA gyaa| jambUkumAra dUja ke candra ke samAna pratidina bar3hatA gayA / vaha svabhAvataH saumya, sundara, miSTabhApI, bhadra, dayAlu aura vairAgyapriya thaa| vAla avasthA meM usane samasta vidyAnoM ko zikSA pAI thii| usake guNoM ko surabhi cAroM tarapha phailane lgii| vaha kAmadeva ke samAna mandara rUpa kA dhAraka thaa| use dekhakara nagara kI nAriyA~ apanI sudha-budha kho baiThatI thIM mora kAma bANa se pIr3ita ho jAtI thiiN| kintu kumAra para usakA koI prabhAva akita nahIM hotA thA, kyoMki usakA indriya viSayoM meM koI rAga nahIM thA aura yuvAvasthA meM bhI vaha nivikAra thaa| usake prAtma-pradezoM meM vairAgya rasa kA ubhAra jo ho rahA thaa| vaha bajravaSabhanArAca saMhanana kA dhArI aura carama zarIrI thA aura jaina dharma kA saMpAlaka thaa| jIvana-ghaTanAeM eka bAra rAjA zreNika kA bar3A hAtho kolAhala se bhayabhIta hokara sAMkala tor3akara krodhayukta ho vana meM ghamane lgaa| usake kapAloM se mada kara rahA thA jisa para bhramara guMjAra kara rahe the| vaha nIla parvata ke samAna kAlA thA aura apane dAMtoM se pRthvI ko kuredatA humA sUDa se pAnI pheMkatA thaa| vaha jidhara jAtA vRkSoM ko jar3amUla se ukhAr3a detA thaa| usa vana meM grAma, jAmuna, nAraMgI, kelA, tAla-tamAla, prazoka, kadaMba, sallakI sAla, nIbU, khajara, nAriyala, aura anAra prAdi ke sundara per3a lage hue the| kucha paudhe khuzabUdAra phUloM ke samUha se lade hue the, jinakI mahaka se vaha vana surabhita ho rahA thaa| usameM aneka prakAra ke phala-phUla aura mevoM vAle bahumUlya per3a the| usa vana kI zobhA dekhate hI banatI thI / vaha moraNiyoM ke zabdoM se guMjAyamAna thA aura koyaloM kI madhura dhvani se mukharita ho

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 32 rahA thaa| janatA hAthI kI bhayaMkaratA se Akulita ho rahI thii| bar3e-bar3e yoddhA bhI use bAMdhane kA sAhasa nahIM kara sake / kintu jambUkumAra ne zracintya sAhasa aura bala se usa para savAra hokara usa unmatta hAthI ko kSaNamAtra meM vaza meM kara liyA / zrataeva janatA meM jambUkumAra ke sAhasa kI prazaMsA hone lagI / loga kahane lage- dhanya hai kumAra kA adbhuta bala, jisane dekhate-dekhate kSaNamAtra meM bhayAnaka hAthI ko vaza meM kara liyaa| yaha saba usake puNya kA mAhAtmya haiM, isaliye yaha mahApuruSoM dvArA pUjya hai / gugya se hI sampadA, dukha sAmagrI aura vijaya milatI hai / jambUkumAra ne kerala ke yuddha meM jo vIratA dikhalAI bahu zradvitIya thI / ratnazekhara se yuddha karate hue jambUkumAra ne usako bAMdha liyaa| yuddha kitanA bhayaMkara hotA hai ise yoddhA acchI taraha se jAnate haiM / kahA~ ratnazekhara kI bar3I bhArI senA aura kahA~ akelA jmbuukumaar| kintu jambukumAra ne apane buddhi kauzala aura Atmabala se zatru para apanI vIratA kA sikkA jamA liyA, bandI hue kerala nareza ko bandhana se mukta kiyA usakI suputrI vilAsavatI kA vimbasAra ke sAtha vivAha karA diyA; aura kerala nareza mRgAMka tathA ratna zekhara meM paraspara mela karA diyaa| ina saba ghaTanAoM se jambukumAra kI mahAnatA kA patA calatA jambUkumAra jaba kerala se vApisa lauTa kara A rahA thA, taba use vipulAcala para sudharma gaNadhara ke Ane kA patA claa| vaha unake samIpa gayA, aura namaskAra kara thor3I dera ekaTaka dRSTi se unakI ora dekhatA rhaa| jambUkumAra kA unake prati AkarSaNa bar3ha rahA thaa| para use yaha smaraNa na ho sakA ki merA inake prati itanA AkarSaNa kyoM hai? kyA maiMne inheM kahIM dekhA hai, isa anurAga kA kyA kAraNa hai ? taba usane samIpa meM jAkara punaH namaskAra kiyA aura unase apane anurAga kA kAraNa puuchaa| taba unhoMne batalAyA ki pUrva janmoM meM maiM aura tuma donoM bhAIbhAI the| hama donoM meM paraspara bar3A anurAga thA / merA nAma bhavadala aura tumhArA nAma bhavadeva thaa| sAgarasena yA sAgaracandra puNDarIkiNI nagarI meM cAraNa muniyoM se apane pUrva janma kA vRttAnta sunakara deha-bhogoM se virakta ho muni ho gayA maura trayodaza prakAra ke cAritra kA anuSThAna karane hue bhAI ke sambodhanArtha vItazokA nagarI meM pdhaare| vahA~ bhavadeva kA jIva candravatI kA zivakumAra nAmaka putra huA thaa| zivakumAra ne mahaloM ke Upara se muniyoM ko dekhA, usase use pUrvajanma kA smaraNa ho AyA aura mAMgoM se usake mana meM viraktatA kA bhAva utpanna huA / usase rAjaprAsAda meM kolAhala maca gyaa| zivakumAra ne mAtA-pitA me dIkSA lene kI anumati maaNgii| pitA ne bahuta samajhAyA, aura kahA-tapa aura vratoM kA anuSThAna ghara meM bhI ho sakatA | dIkSA lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / pitA ke anurodhavaza kumAra ne taruNI janoM ke madhya meM rahate hue bhI virakta bhAva se brahmacarya vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA / isa prasidhArA vrata kA pAlana karate hue zivakumAra dUsaroM ke yahA~ pANipAtra meM prAzuka bAhAra karatA thA / prAyu ke anta meM brahma svarga meM vidyunmAlI deva huyA / maiM bhI usI svarga meM gyaa| vahA~ se cayakara maiM sudharma huA hU~ aura tuma jambUkumAra nAma ke putra hue| yahI tumhArA mere prati sneha kA kAraNa hai / jambUkumAra ne sudharma svAmI kA upadeza sunA, usase usake hRdaya meM rAjya kA pravAha umar3a pAyA, aura usane sudharmAcArya se dIkSA dene ke lie nivedana kiyaa| taba unhoMne kahA ki jambUkumAra ! tuma apane mAtApitA se AjJA lekara Ao, taba dokSA dI jaaegii| kuTumbiyoM ne bhI anurodha kiyA aura kahA ki kumAra ! abhI dIkSA na lo| kucha samaya bAda le lenA / ataH jambakumAra ghara vApisa A gyaa| mAtA-pitA ne use vivAha ke baMdhana dhane kA prayatna kiyaa| taba jambUkumAra ne vivAha karAne se inakAra kara diyaa| seTha dAsa ne apane mitra seThoM ke ghara yaha sandeza bhijavA diyA ki jambUkumAra vivAha karAne se inakAra karatA hai| ataH zrApa apanI putriyoM kA sambandha anyatra kara sakate haiN| unakI putriyoM ne kahA ki vivAha to unhIM se hogA, anyathA hama kumArI raheMgI / ve eka rAtri hameM deM, usake bAda unheM dIkSA lene se koI nahIM rokegaa| ataH vivAha huaa| vivAha ke pazcAt jambUkumAra ghara prAyA aura rAtri meM striyoM ke madhya meM baiThakara carcA hone lagI / bahueM anurAgavardhaka aneka praznottaroM aura kathA kahAniyoM, dRSTAntoM dvArA jambUkumAra ko niruttara karane yA rijhAne meM samartha na ho skiiN| unhoMne zRGgAra paraka hAva-bhAva rUpa ceSTAoM kA avalambana bhI liyA, kintu jambUkumAra para ve prabhAva DAlane meM sarvathA asamartha rahIM / vidyuta cora apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha jinadAsa ke ghara corI karane zrAyA aura chipakara khar3A

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antima kevala jambUsvAmI 33 hogyaa| vahAM jambUkumAra aura unakI striyoM kI vArtA ho rahI thii| vidyutacora bar3I dera se unake grAkhyAnoM ko suna rahA thA, use usameM rasa Ane se aura jAgRti rahane se yaha corI to nahIM kara sakA, para vaha unakI bAtoM meM tanmaya ho gyaa| vidyutacora ne bhI aneka dRSTAntoM aura kathAnakoM dvArA kumAra ko samajhAne kA yatna kiyA, para vidyutacora kI vakAlata bhI unheM viSayapAza meM na pha~sA skii| ulTA jambUkumAra kA prabhAva vidyutacora aura usake sAthiyoM para par3A / bhataH vidyutacora bhI apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha cora karma kA parityAga kara dIkSA lene ke liye tatpara ho gayA / jambUkumAra to dIkSA lene ke liye pahale se hI utsuka thaa| jambUkumAra kI jina dIkSA jambUkumAra ne apane vivAha kI isa rAtri meM apanI una cAra paliyoM ko buddhibala se jIta liyA / unakI zRMgAraparaka hAva-bhAva ceSTAoM, kathAnakoM, upakathAnakoM zrAdi kA jambUkumAra para koI prabhAva zraMkita nahIM huA, unhoMne rAga bharI dRSTi se unakI ora jhA~kA taka bhI nhiiN| unakI vairAgya bharI saumya dRSTi kA prabhAva una para par3A / vidya tacora dhaura usake sAthI saba socate ki dekho, kumAra para devAMganAoM ke sadRza pratyanta sundara ina ma yuvatiyoM kA aura dhana vaibhava kA koI prabhAva nahIM hai, aisI vibhUti ko chor3akara yaha dIkSA le rahA hai / hama loga to jiMdagI bhara pApa karma karate rahe, aura usI ke liye yahA~ prAye the kintu kumAra kA jina-dIkSA lene kA dRr3ha nizcaya dekhakara hamArA vicAra badala gayA aura hama saba bhI dIkSA lekara zrAtma-sAdhanA kreNge| hamAre isa nizcaya ko graba koI TAlane ke liye samartha nahIM hai| isa prakAra ke vicAra vinimaya meM hI saba rAtri calI gayI, aura prAtaH kAla ho gayA / seTha dAsa ne prAtaHkAla rAjabhavana meM jAkara samrAT se nivedana kiyA ki jambUkumAra kI cAroM navor3hA patniyA~ bhI use gRhastha ke baMdhana meM na bAMdha sakIM aura ve dIkSA lene vana meM jA rahe haiN| samrATa ne kahA - acchA unako julUsa ke rUpa meM sudharma svAmI ke pAsa le calane kI vyavasthA kI jAya / julUsa meM dundubhi bAje baja rahe the, hAthI, ghor3e, U~Ta, aura paidala janatA sabhI usameM zAmila the| bIca meM eka sajI huI pAlakI meM jambUkumAra baiThe hue the| unake zarIra para bahumUlya vastrAbhUSaNa the| unake sira para mukuTa baMdhA huA thA, jise samrAT bimbasAra ne bAMdhA thaa| pAlakI ko nagara ke sambhrAMta nAgarika uThAe hue the / janatA utsAha ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jaya, suvadharma svAmI kI jaya aura jambUsvAmI kI jaya bola rahI thI / julUsa kramaza nagara ke sabhI pradhAna mArgoM se ghUmatA huA Age bar3hatA jA rahA thaa| mArga meM sabhI gavAkSa aura chate nara-nAriyoM se bhara gaI / saba ora se unake Upara puSpa barasAye jA rahe the| jisa samaya julUsa zrahaMdAsa seTha ke makAna kI ora AyA, taba jambUkumAra kI mAtA jinamatI mohavaza dor3atI huI pAlakI ke pAsa zrAI / vaha mukha se hA putra ! hA putra ! kahakara ekadama mUcchita ho gii| zItopacAra se jaba vaha hoza meM AI to mAMsU bahAtI huI gadgad ho kahane lagI he putra ! eka bAra tU mujha abhAginI mAtA kI zrora to dekha yaha kahakara vaha punaH mUcchita ho giiN| apanI sAsa ko mUcchita huA dekha jambUkumAra kI cAroM bahue~ bhI atyanta zokasantapta hokara rudana karatI huI bolIMnAtha 1 hai kAmadeva ! hama sabako anAtha banAkara zrApa kahA~ jA rahe haiM ? jisa taraha candramA ke binA rAtri kI zobhA nahIM, kamala ke vinA sarovara kI zobhA nahIM, usI taraha grApake binA hamArA jIvana bhI nirarthaka hai / he kRpAnAtha ! Apa prasanna hoM aura thor3e samaya gRhastha avasthA meM rahakara bAda meM usakA parityAga kara dIkSA le le| jambUkumAra kI patniyA~ isa prakAra kaha hI rahIM thI ki candanAdi ke upacAra se mAtA jinamatI ko dubArA hoza bhA gyaa| vaha hoza meM Akara ro-rokara jambUkumAra se kahane lagI he putra ! kahA~ to terA kele ke patte ke samAna komala zarIra aura kahA~ vaha asidhArA ke samAna kaThora jina dIkSA ! tapadacaraNa kitanA kaThina hai / nagna zarIra, DAMsa-macchara, bhaMjhAvAta, varSA, ThaNDa, garmI, Adi ko aneka asA bAdhAyeM kaise sahana karegA ? he bAlaka ! tU isa Ubar3a-khAbar3a kaThora bhUmi meM kaise zayana karegA aura bhujAoM ko

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 34 laTakAe hue tU kisa taraha rAtri bhara kAyotsarga mudrA meM dhyAna karegA, aura upasarga pariSada kI bhISaNa sthitiyoM meM apane ko kaise nizcala rakha sakegA / kintu sudRka saMkalpI jambUkumAra mAtA ko rotI-bilakhatI dekhakara bole- he mAtA ! tU zoka ko chor3akara kAyarane kA parityAga kara / tujheM apane mana meM yaha socanA cAhie ki yaha saMsAra anitya aura azaraNa hai / hai mAtA ! maiMne aneka janmoM meM indriya-viSayoM ke sukha kA aneka vAra upabhoga kiyA aura unheM jUThana ke samAna chodd'aa| aise tRptakArI viSaya sukhoM kI ora bhalA mAtA ! maiM kaise jA sakatA hU~ / tujhe to prasanna honA cAhie ki terA putra saMsAra ke baMdhanoM ko kATakara paramArtha ke mArga para agrasara ho rahA hai| isa taraha jambUkumAra apanI mAtA ko sambodhita kara pAlakI meM baiThakara Age bar3he aura rAjagRha ke sabhI mArgoM se ghUmakara nagara ke bAhara upavana meM pahu~ce / upavana meM eka vRkSa ke nIce muniyoM va parikara sahita mahAtapodhana sudharma svAmI baiThe hue the / jambUkumAra gAlakI se utarakara unake samIpa ge| unheM namaskAra thiyA, tIna pradakSiNAe~ diiN| phira unake sAmane hAtha jor3akara natamastaka ho bar3e zrAdara se khar3e ho yaha prArthanA kI he dayAsAgara | samyak cAritra ke dhAraka hai munipuMgava ! maiM janma maraNa rUpa duHkhoM se bhare hue kuyonirUpa samudra ke AvatoM meM DUba rahA hU~ / kRpA kara Apa merA uddhAra kreN| Apa mujhe saMsAra ke duHkhoM kI vinAzaka, karmakSaya karane vAlI baigambarI dIkSA pradAna kreN| jisase meM zrAtma-sAdhanA dvArA svAtma-nidhi ko prApta kara sakUM / sudharma svAmI ne kahA- acchA maiM tujheM abhI dIkSita karatA hUM / t yaha sunate hI jambUkumAra kA hRdaya kamala khila uThA, unhoMne guru ke sammukha apane zarIra se sabhI AbhUSaNa utAra diye| kumAra ne apane mukuTa ke Age laTakane vAlI mAlA ko isa taraha dUra kiyA mAnoM unhoMne kAmadeva ke ko hI balapUrvaka dUra kiyA to unhoMne ratnamayamukuTa ko bhI isa taraha utArA mAnoM unhoMne moha rUpa rAjA ko jIta liyA ho| pazcAt hAra Adi prAbhUSaNoM ghora ratnamaya aMgUThI ko bhI utAra diyA aura apane zarIra seyoM ko isa taraha utArA mAnoM catura puruSa ne mAyA ke paTaloM ko ho pheka diyA ho / samasta vastrAbhUSaNoM kA parityAga kara jambUkumAra ne paMcamuTThiyoM se kezoM kA loca kara ddaalaa| aura 'o namaH' maMtra kA uccAraNa kara zuma zrAjJA se aTThAIsa mUla guNoM ko dhAraNa kiyA' - paMcamahAvrata, paMcasamiti, paMceMdriyanirodha, chaha zrAvazyaka, kezaloMca, acelaka (nagna) grasnAna, bhUzayana, pradaMtadhAvana, sthitibhojana - khar3e hokara grAhAra lenA aura dina meM eka bAra bhojana ina 28 mUla guNoM kA pAlana karanA prArambha kiyA / jambUkumAra ne yaha dIkSA lagabhaga 25-26 varSa kI avasthA meM grahaNa kI hogii| dIkSA ke pazcAt jambU kumArane Avazyaka kAryoM ke atirikta dhyAna aura adhyayana meM apanA upayoga lagAyA aura sudharmasvAmI ke pAsa samara kA adhyayana kiyA tathA anazanAdi [antarvAhya donoM tapoM kA anuSThAna kiyaa| AcArAGga ke anusAra municayoM kA nirdoSa pAlana karate hue sAmyabhAva ko prApta karane kA udyama kiyA / kaSAya-viSa kA zoSaNa karate ha * use itanA kamajora evaM azakta banA diyA, jisase vaha prAtmadhyAnAdi meM bAdhaka na ho ske| ve muni jambUkumAra nispRha vRtti se muni dharma kA pAlana karate the / usameM pramAda nahIM Ane dete the; kyoMki pramAda karane vAlA sAdhu dopasthApaka hotA hai 1. paMca mahalvAI samidIo paMcajiraNavaruhiDA / paMcediyaroho chapiya grAvAsyA loco // yaccelaka madhhANa khidirAyaNa madatasagaM caiva / didi bhoyaNeva bha mUlagulA maDhavIsA du // chedovalAyago hodi / 2. tesu pamato samo - mUlAdhAra 1, 2, 3 -pratravanasAra 3-6 F >

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mantima kevalI jambU svAmI mani avasthA meM eka dina jambUkumAra pAhAra ke liye rAjagaha nagara meM gae, aura vahA~ jinadAsa seTha meM navadhA bhaktipUrvaka AhAra diyaa| nirdoSa pAhAra dene ke kAraNa seTha ke AMgana meM dAnAtizaya se patrAracarya he| AhAra lekara munirAja upavana meM prA gae, aura jJAna-dhyAna meM tatpara ho ge| indriya vikAroM ko jItane ke lie dhe kabhI upavAsa rakhate, aura kabhI rasa kA parityAga karate the| jambUkUmAra jitane sukumAra the, ve utane hI sahiSNa sAyIbAhIra niveko the| unakI zAnta mudrA aura yAtma-teja dekhakara sabhI Azcarya karate the / ve yathAjAta mudrA ke dhArI to the hI, sAtha hI mana-vacana aura kAya ko vaza meM karane ke lie guptiyoM kA avalambana lete the| dhyAna aura adhyayana meM pravRtti hone ke kAraNa ve dvAdazAMga ke pAragAmI yutakevalI ho gae aura sudharmasvAmI kevalajJAnI ho ge| aba saba saMgha kA bhAra jambU svAmI vahana karane lage / bAraha varSa bAda mUdharma svAmI kA vipalAcala se nirvANa ho gayA aura jambU svAmI ko ghAti karma ke prabhAva se kevalajJAna prApta ho gyaa| jamba svAmI ne kevalI avasthA meM 30 varSa taka vividha dezoM aura nagaroM meM vihAra kara vora zAsana kA pracAra va prasAra kiyaa| anta meM vipulAcala se 75 varga kI baya meM zukla dhyAna dvArA karma kalaMka ko dagdha kara avinAzI pada prApta kiyaa| jambakUmAra ke dIkSA lene ke bAda unake mAtA-pitA aura cAroM patniyoM ne bhI dIkSA lekara tamacaraNa kiyA, aura apane pariNAmAnusAra ucca gati prApta kii| vidyutacara ne bhI apane pAMca sau sAthiyoM ke sAtha caura karma kA parityAga kara digambara dIkSA le lo aura tapazcaraNa dvArA prAtma-zuddhi karane lge| ve muniyoM ke prayodaza prakAra ke cAritra ke dhAraka tathA pAMca samitiyoM meM pravRtti karate the| tIna guptiyoM kA bhI pAlana karate the, isa taraha ve muni prAcArAGga (mUlAcAra) ke anusAra pravRtti karate hue apane ziSyoM ke sAtha tAmralipta nagarI meM aae| ve nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM viraaje| usa samaya dina prasta ho rahA thA, taba durgA devI ne bhakti se vidyutacara se kahA ki yahAM pAMca dina taka merI pUjA hogI usameM rodra bhuta sampradAya grAmantrita hai, vaha tumheM asahya upasarga kregaa| ataeva jaba taka yAtrA hai taba taka isa pUrI ko chor3akara anyatra cale jaaie| yaha kaha kara baha calI gii| yativara vidyutacara ne muniyoM se kahA-acchA ho prApa loga isa sthAna ko chor3akara anyatra cale jaayN| taba unhoMne kahA-rAtri vyatIta ho jAya, taba hama cale jaavege| rAtri meM gamana karanA muniyoM ke liye bajita hai| upasarga se Darane vAloM ko kyA lAbha ho sakatA hai ? upasarga sahana karanA sAdhunoM ke lie zreyaskara hai| ata: saba sAdhu maunapUrvaka dhyAna meM sthita ho ge| rAtri meM bhayaMkara bhUtoM ne asahma upasarga kiyaa| bar3e-bar3e DAMsa maccharoM kI vAdhA huii| zarIra ko kaSTa dene vAle ghora upasargae, jinheM sunakara roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiN| aisA hone para ve saba sAdha sthira na raha sake aura dhyAna chor3akara divaMgata hue| kintu vidyutacara adIna mana se ghora upasarga sahate hue bhI bar3e dhairya ke sAtha membata svarUpa meM 1. bAraha vAsAriNa kaMvali vihAreNa bihariya lohaja bhaDArA gibude mane jaMbU bhaDAgmo kevalaNANamaMtANahI jAdA / pradattIsavamsANi kevali bihAreNa vitriya jaMtu bhaDAgA parigibbude saMte kevalaNAraNa sanAragama vocdo jAdA bharaha pattammi / -(dhavanA e0 e0 130) 2. viullAri sihari kammadaivatta, sihAlaya mAsaya sokara ena / / -jaMtusAmicariu 10-24 pR0 215 3. pattA--yaha mavaraNasaMghamaMjura gavara, eyAramaMgayA vijucr| viharatu laveza virAibara, pRri tAmanitti saMpAiyau / / naparAu niyaDe risimaMdhe dhakka, asthavaNaho kukkae bhUracakke / * maha pAvA tAmakakAbhidhAri, kaMcAyaNi nAmeM bhaddamAri / . pAhAsai matriNaya divamapaMca, mahajatta habesai sappavaMca / AmaMtiyabhUyAvaliAudda, unasampu karesaha tumha khudda / ipa kajje aNNa hi vihina tAma, puni mela vi gacchada jana jAma / gaya ema kahe vi jo japatrareNa, mariNa bhaNiya ema vijuccaraMgA / / -jambU svAmI cariu pa0 216

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 36 TotkIrNa aura jJAna-darzana svabhAva vAle dhyAna na dete hue, nirbhaya ho cAra prakAra kA meM sthita rahe aura nirvANa prApta kiyA / ' nizcala rahe aura anityAdi bhAvanAoM kA dRr3hatA se manana karate hue zarIra se bhinna nijAtma tatvakA, caitanya Atma tatva kA cintavana karate hue, zArIrika bAdhAoM kI ora sanyAsa dhAraNa kara vrata rUpI khaDga se moha zatru kA nAza kara ArAdhanA anya sAdhuoM ne bhI pariNAmAnusAra yathA yogya sthAna prApta kie| isase spaSTa hai ki tAmralipta nagarI vidyutacara kA nirvANa sthala hai aura unake sAthI sAdhunoM kA samAdhi sthala hai| aisI sthiti meM matharA jambU svAmI aura vidyuccara kA nirvANa sthala nahIM ho sakatA | mathurA jambU svAmI kA nirvANa sthala nahIM hai | mathurA eka prasiddha aitihAsika sthAna hai| isa nagara se jaina, vaiSNava aura bauddhAdi bhAratIya dhamoM kA prAcIna kAla se ghaniSTa sambandha rahA hai| yaha yaduvaMzI kRSNa kI lIlA bhUmi rahA hai / kuSANa kAla meM yahA~ kaI bauddha vihAra the| uttarApatha meM yaha jaina saMskRti kA pramukha kendra rahA hai / mahAvIrakAlIna janapadoM, pramukha rAjyoM zrIra rAjadhAniyoM meM isakI gaNanA rahI hai| dakSiNa ke jainAcAryoM ne dakSiNa mathurA se bheda prakaTa karane ke lie ise uttara mathurA nAma se ullekhita kiyA hai / nizIya cUrNI kI eka gAthA meM "uttarAvahe dhammacakkaM mathurAe deva gimmiyo bho / " vAkya meM mathurA ke deva nirmita stUpa kA ullekha kiyA hai| 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA yahA~ bihAra huA maura unakI smRti meM ukta stUpa banavAyA gayA thaa| sambhavataH sAtavIM grAThavIM zatAbdI I0 pUrva usa devanirmita stUpa ko IMToM se Dhaka diyA gayA thA / mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se jaina purAtatva kI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI prApta huI hai / usameM aneka kalAkRtiyA~ mahatvapUrNa haiM / yahA~ digambara jainoM ke 514 stUpa rahe haiM, jinakA jIrNoddhAra sAhU ToDara ne karAyA thA, jo bAdazAha akabara kI TakasAla kA adhyakSa thA, aura kRSNA maMgala caudharI kA maMtrI bhI thaa| usane dravya kharca karake saM0 1631 meM unakI pratiSThA pANDe rAjamalla se karavAI thii| ina saba kAraNoM se mathurA jaina saMskRti kA maulika sthAna rahA hai / para vaha kyA jambUsvAmI kA nirvANa sthAna thA ? usa para yahA~ vicAra kiyA jAtA hai maharAye prati vIraM pAsaM taheva vaMdAmi / ambu muNido vaMde NiI patto vi jambUvaNagahaNe || dazabhaktyAdi saMgraha meM prakAzita prAkRta nirvANa bhakti ke anantara kucha padya aura bhI diye hue haiM, jo prakSipta haiM aura bAda ko usameM saMgrahIta kara liye gae haiN| unameM se ukta tRtIya padya meM mathurA aura grahikSetra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha kI vandanA karane ke pazcAt jambU nAma ke gahana vana meM antima kevalI jambUsvAmI 1. tAmralipta purasyAsya samIpe paridhoraNam / tasya pazcima digbhAge naktaM pratimayA muni // evaM sthite munau tatra rAtrau devatayA tayA / eSA dezotsargo'yaM vihitaH karacittayA || nAnA dezopasarga taM sahitvA menilaH / mAghAtAnnirvANamagamadbhutam // vidyuccaraH - hariSeNa kathAkoza kathA 138 2. 'sAvaSTambhamaSTAnhI mathurAyAM cakacaraNaM paribhramayyAtprativimbAti meka stUpaM tathA viSThiyat / prataevAdyApi tattIrthaM devanirmitAsyA prathate / - upAsakAdhyayana pre0 93

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mathurA jambU svAmI kA nirvANa-sthala nahIM hai ke nirvANa kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| parantu jambU vana kisa deza kA vana hai yaha padya para se kucha bhI phalita nahIM hotaa| mAlUma hotA hai, jambU svAmI ne jisa vana meM yA sthAna meM dhyAnAgni dvArA pravaziSTa praghAti karmoM ko bhasma kara kRtakRtyatA prApta kI, sambhavataH usI bana ko jamba vana nAma se ullikhita karanA vivakSita rahA hai| para yaha vicAraNIya hai ki ukta sthAna kisa nagara yA grAma ke pAsa hai aura usakA mathurA se kyA sambandha hai? isa sambandha meM koI mahatva ke pramANa upalabdha nahIM haiM jo mathurA ko siddha kSetra siddha kara ske| madharA ke samIpa hI caurAsI nAma kA sthAna hai, jahAM para eka vizAla jaina mandira banA huA hai| jise mathA mA ke seTha manIrAma ne banavAyA thA, aura isa samaya ajitanAtha tIrthaMkara kI gvAliyara meM pratiSThita manoja mati virAjamAna hai| isI sthAna ko jamba svAmI kA nirvANa sthAna kahA jAtA hai| parantu anveSaNa karane para bhI jamba svAmI ke caurAsI para nirvANa prApta karane kA koI prAmANika ullekha abhI taka mere dekhane meM nahIM pAyA hai| mAlUma nahIM, isa kalpanA kA prAdhAra kyA hai? " DA. hIrAlAla jI ema0 e0 DI0 liT ne apanI pustaka 'jaina itihAsa ko pUrva pIThikA aura hamArA abhyutthAna' ke pR050 meM saMyukta prAnta kA paricaya karAte hue jambU svAmo kI nirvANa bhUmi ukta caurAsI sthAna para batalAI hai| unakI isa mAnyatA kA kAraNa bhI pracalita mAnyatA jAna par3atI hai kyoMki usameM kisI pramANa vizeSa kA ullekha nahIM hai| matharA jainiyoM kA prasiddha aitihAsika sthAna hai| kaMkAlI TIne ke utkhanana meM jo mahatvapUrNa sAmayI upalabdha huI hai, usase usakI mahattA kA spaSTa bodha hotA hai| isameM kisI ko vivAda nahIM hai kinta vaH svAmI kA nirvANa-kSetra hai yaha korI nirAdhAra kalpanA hai| dUsare vidyatacara aura unake sAthiyoM kA bhI devaloka prApti kA sthala nahIM haiN| kyoMki vidyatacara aura unake 500sAthI muniyoM para hone vAle upasarga kA sthala tAmralipti batalAyA gayA hai, jo jaina saMskRti aura vyApAra kA mahatvapurNa kendra thaa| jaba tAmralipti nagarI samudra meM bilona ho gaI taba nagarI ke binAza ke sAtha jainiyoM kI sAMskRtika sampatti bhI vinaSTa ho gaI 1 isa kAraNa unakI smRti ke liye mathurA ko cunA gayA ho, to koI Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| jamba svAmI carita ke kartA kavi rAjamalla (1612) ne svayaM jambUsvAmI kA nirvANa vipUlAcala se mAra hai| vIra kadhi (1076) ne bhI vipUlAcala se hI unake nirmANa prApta karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| ina ullekhoM ke prakAza meM mathurA ko jamba svAmI ko nirvANa bhUmi nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| hA~, anya koI prAcIna pramANa upalabdha ho to usa para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM mathurA jambU svAmI kA nirvANa kSetra mAtA jAtA hai|

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dvitIya pariccheda 1. dvAdazAMga zruta aura zru takevalI 2. viSNunandi 3. nandimitra 4. aparAjita 5. govarddhana 6. bhadra bAhu 7. saMgha-bheda 1. jaina saMgha-paricaya

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dvAdazAMga zruta aura zrutakevalI zrutAvaraNa karma ke kSayopazaya hone para jo sunA jAya baha zruta hai| yaha zra tajJAna amRta ke samAna hitakArI hai, aura viSaya-vedanA se saMtapta prANi ke liye parama auSadhi hai, janma-maraNa rUpa vyAdhi kA nAzaka tathA sampUrNa duHkhoM kA kSaya karane vAlA hai| jaisA ki prAcArya kundakunda ke darzana pAhuDa ko nimna gAthA se prakaTa hai : jiNa dhayaNa mosahamiNaM visaya-suhaM viramaNa pramidamUrya / jara-maraNa vAhi-haraNaM khayakaraNaM savyadukkhANaM / samasta dravya aura paryAyoM ke jAnane kI apekSA zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna donoM samAna hai, kintu unameM antara itanA hI hai ki kevalajJAna jJeyoM ko pratyakSa rUpa se jAnatA hai, aura zrutajJAna parokSa rUpa se jAnatA hai| jaisA ki gommaTasAra kI nimna gAthA se spaSTa hai : saba kevalaM ca NANaM doSaNa visarisANi hoti yohaaro| savaNANaM tu parokkhaM paccakkhaM kevalaM jaannN|| gommaTasAra jIva kANDa gAyA 360 kevalazAna aura syAdvAdamaya zrutajJAna samasta padArthoM kA samAna rUpa se prakAzaka hai| donoM meM pratyakSa parokSa kA antara hai| vItarAga, sarvajJa, hitopadezI ahaMta tIrthakara ke mukhAravinda se sunA humA jJAna zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai| tIrthakara apane divya jJAna dvArA padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra karake bIjapadoM dvArA upadeza dete haiN| usa zruta ke do bheda hai, dravyazrata aura bhaavt| gaNadhara una bIjapadoM kA aura unake artha kA avadhAraNa karake unakA yathArtha rUpa meM vyAkhyAna karate haiN| yahI dravya zrata kahalAtA hai / prApta kI upadezarUpa dvAdazAMga vANI ko dravya zrata kahA jAtA hai / aura usase hone vAle jJAna ko bhAvazruta kahate haiN| jisa taraha puruSa ke zarIra meM do hAtha, do paira, do jodha, do urU, eka pITha, eka udara, eka chAtI, aura eka mastaka ye bAraha aMga hote haiM, usI prakAra zruta-zAna rUpa puruSa ke bhI bAraha aMga hai / dravya zruta ke do bheda haiM, aMga praviSTa aura aMga bAhya / aMga praviSTa zruta ke bAraha bheda haiN| 1. AcArAMga, 2. mUtrakRtAMga, 3. sthAnAMga 4. samavAyAMga, 5. vyAkhyA prajJapti, 6. jJAta dharmakathA, 7. upAsakAdhyayanAMga, 8. antaH kRtadazAMga, 6.anuttaropapAdika, 10. praznavyAkaraNAMga, 11. vipAkasUtrAMga, aura 12. dRssttivaadaaNg| prAcArAMga-isameM aThAraha hajAra padoM ke dvArA muniyoM ke prAcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kadha ghare kadhaM ciTukadhamAse kadhaM saye 1. kadhaM bhujeja bhAsejja kadhaM pAvaM Na baaii|| 1. itAvaraNakSayopazamAdyantaraGgavahiraGgasannidhAne sati zrUyate smetizrutam (-tattvA0 vA0 1-9, 2 pR.14 jJAnapITha saMskaraNa) 2. syAdvAdakevalagAne sarvatattva prkaashne| bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAcca vastadanyatamaM bhavet / / --prApta mImAMsA 105

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42 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 jadaM care javaM ciTThe javamAse jaba saye / jaba bhujejja bhAsejja evaM pAvaM Na babhaI || ( mUlA0 10- 121 ) muniyoM ko kaise calanA cAhie, kaise khar3e honA aura baiThanA caahie| kate sonA cAhie, kaMne bhojana karanA cAhie, aura kaise bAta-cIta karanA cAhiye aura kaise pApa bandha nahIM hotA hai ? isa taraha gaNadhara ke praznoM ke anusAra sAdhu ko yatna se calanA cAhiye, yatna pUrvaka khar3e rahanA cAhie, yatna se baiThanA cAhiye, yatna pUrvaka zayana karanA cAhie, yatnapUrvaka bhojana karanA cAhie aura yatna se sambhASaNa karanA caahiye| isa taraha yatna pUrvaka zrAcaraNa karane se pApa karma kA bandha nahIM hotA hai| isa aMga meM pAMca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, aura paMca AcAroM yAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / , sUtrakRtAMga chattIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA jJAna vinaya, prajJApanA, kalpa, grakalpa, chedopasthApanA Adi vyava hAra dharma kI kriyAoM kA varNana karatA hai| sAtha hI svasiddhAnta aura para siddhAnta kA bhI kathana karatA hai / sthAnAMga - bayAlIsa hajAra padoM dvArA eka se lekara uttarotara eka eka adhika sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa karatA hai / usakA udAharaNa - yaha jIva dravya apane caitanya dharma ko apekSA eka hai| jJAna aura darzana ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai / karmaphala cetanA, karma cetanA aura jJAna cetanA kI apekSA tIna prakAra kA hai| apanA utpAda vyaya aura bhavya ko apekSA tIna bheda rUpa hai / cAra gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karane vAlA hone se cAra bheda vAlA hai / audamika zrAdi pA~ca bhAvoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa pA~ca bheda hai / bhavAntara meM jAte samaya pUrva, pazcima, uttara, dakSiNa Upara aura nIce isa taraha chaha apa karma se yukta hone se cha: dizAoM meM gamana karane ke kAraNa chaha prakAra kA hai| asti nAsti yAdi sAta aMgoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa sAta bheda rUpa | jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ke prAstra se yukta hone kI apekSA ATha prakAra kA hai| jIva ajIvAdi nI padArtha rUpa pariNamana hone ke kAraNa nauM prakAra kA hai / pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika, pratyeka vanaspati kAyika, sAdhAraNa vanaspati kAyika, dvIndriya jAti, zrIndriya jAti, caturindriya jAti tathA paMcendriya jAti ke bheda se dasa prakAra kA hai| cauthA samavAyAMga - eka lAkha causaTha hajAra padoM ke dvArA sampUrNa padArthoM ke samadAya kA varNana karatA hai / vaha samavAya cAra prakAra kA hai| dravya kSetra kAla aura bhAva / dravya samavAya ko apekSA dharmAstikAya, zradharmAstikAya lokAkAza aura eka jIva ke pradeza samAna hai| kSetra samavAya kI apekSA prathama naraka ke prathama paTala kA sImantakavila, manuSya loka, prathama svarga ke prathama paTala kA RjuvimAna aura siddha kSetra ina sabakA vistAra samAna hai / kAla kI apekSA utsarpiNI avasarpiNI kAla samAna haiN| donoM kA pramANa dasa kor3A kor3i sAgara hai| bhAva ko apekSA kSAyika samyaktva, kevalajJAna, kevaladarzana aura yathAkhyAta cAritra samAna hai| isa prakAra samAnatA kI apekSA jIvAdi padArthoM ke samavAya kA kathana samavAyAMga meM kiyA gayA hai / vyAkhyA prajJapti praMga- do lAkha aTThAIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA 'kyA jIva hai athavA nahIM hai' ityAdi rUpa se sATha hajAra praznoM kA vyAkhyAna karatA hai / jJAtRdharmakathA nAma kA chaThA praMga pA~ca lAkha chappana hajAra padoM ke dvArA tIrthaMkaroM kI dharma dezanA kA sandeha ko prApti gaNadharadeva ke sandeha ko dUra karane ko vidhi kA tathA aneka prakAra kI kathA upakathAoM kA varNana karatA hai / sAtavA~ upAsakAdhyayanAMga - gyAraha lAkha sattara hajAra padoM ke dvArA zrAvakoM ke bhrAcAra kA varNana karatA hai / antakRddazAMga nAma kA AThavAM aMga teIsa lAkha aTThAIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA eka-eka tIrthakara kaM tIrtha meM dAruNa upasarmI ko sahana kara nirvANa ko prApta hue dasa-dasa antakRta kevaliyoM kA kathana karatA hai / anusaropapAdika dazA - nAma kA nauvAM aMga bAnave lAkha cAlIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA eka-eka tIrtha meM nAnA prakAra ke dAruNa upasagoM ko sahana kara virAjamAna pAMca anuttara vimAnoM meM janme hue dasa-dasa muniyoM kA varNana karatA hai / jaise vardhamAna tIrthaMkara ke tIrtha meM RSidAsa ghanya sunakSatra- kArtikaM nanda-nandana- zAlibhadra 1. vijaya vaijayanta jayaMtAparAjitasarvArthasiddhAkhyAni paMcAnuttarANi / tattvA0 vA0 pR0 51

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dvAdazAMga dhuta aura attabalI abhaya-vAriSeNa aura cilAta putra ina dazamuniyoM ne dAruNa upasagoM ko jItA hai aura anutara bimAna meM utpanna hae / prazna vyAkaraNa-nAmaka dasavAM aMga tirAnave lAkha solaha hajAra padoM ke dvArA mAkSepa-pratyAkSepa pUrvaka yakti pUrNa praznoM kA samAdhAna karatA hai / athavA prAkSepaNI vikSepaNI, savedanI aura nivadanI ina cAra kathAoM kA varNana karatA hai| jo ekAnta dRSTiyoM kA nirAkaraNa karake cha: dravya pora nau padArthoM kA nirUpaNa karatI hai use prAkSepaNI kathA kahate haiN| jisameM pahale para siddhAnta ke dvArA svasiddhAnta meM dopa batalAkara pIche para samaya kA khaNDana karake mAnasiddhAnta kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai use vikSepaNI kathA kahate haiN| puNya ke phala kA varNana karane bAlI kathA ko saMvedanI kathA kahate haiN| pApa ke phala kA varNana karane vAlI kathA nibedanI kahalAtI hai| prAna dhyAkaraNa aMga prazna ke anusAra naSTa, cintA, lAbha, lAbha, sukha, dukha:, jIvita, maraNa, jaya, parAjaya kA bhI varNana karatA hai| vipAkasUtra-nAma kA gyArahavAM aMga eka karor3a caurAmI lAkha padoM dvArA puNya-pApa rUpa vivAdoM kAacche bure karmoM ke phaloM kA varNana karatA hai| ina samarata gyAraha aMgoM ke padoM kA jor3a cAra karor3a, pandraha lAkha do hajAra hai (41502000 hai / ) bArahavAM aMga dRSTi pravAda hai| isameM tIna sau saTha matoM kA-kriyAvAdiyoM, prakriyAvAdiyoM ajJAna daSTiyoM aura bainayika dRSTiyoM kA varNana aura nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| duSTivAda ke pA~ca adhikAra haiMparikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrva aura cUlikA / unameM se parikarma ke pAMca bheda haiM-candraprajJapti, sUryaprApti, jambUdvIpa prajJapti, dvIpasamudraprajJapti, aura vyAkhyAprajJapti / candraprajJapti nAmaka parikarma chattIsa lAkha pA~ca hajAra padoM ke dvArA candramA kI Ayu, parivAra, Rddhi, gati aura candrabimba ko U~cAI mAdi kA varNana karatA hai| sUryaprajJapti nAma kA parikarma pA~ca lAkha tIna hajAra padoM ke dvArA sUrya kI prAyu, bhoga, upabhoga, parivAra, Rddhi, gati, aura sUrya bimba kI UMcAI, dina kI hAni vRddhi, kiraNoM kA pramANa aura prakAza Adi kA varNana karanA hai| jambUdvIpa prajJapti nAma kA parikarma tIna lAkha paccIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA jambUdvIpa kI bhogabhUmi aura karmabhUmi meM utpanna hue aneka prakAra ke manuSya aura tiryaJcoM kA tathA parvata, hRda, nadI, bedikA, kSetra, pAvAsa, akutrima jinAlaya Adi kA varNana karatA hai| dvIpasamudraprApti nAma kA parikarma bAvana lAkha chattIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA uddhArapalya ke pramANa se dvIpa aura samudroM ke pramANa kA tathA dvIpa-sAgara ke antarbhUta anya aneka bAtoM kA varNana karatA hai| vyAkhyA prajJapti nAma kA parikama caurAsI lAkha chattIsa hajAra padoM ke dvArA pudgala dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla dravya kA tathA bhavya aura abhavya jIvoM kA varNana karatA hai| dRSTivAda aMga kA sUtra nAma kA arthAdhikAra aThAsI lAkha padoM ke dvArA jIva prabandhaka hai, avalepaka hai, akartA hai, abhoktA hai, nirgaNa hai, vyApaka hai, aNapramANa hai, nAsti svarUpa hai, astisvarUpa hai, pRthivI prAdi paMcabhUtoM se jIva utpanna hunA hai, cetanA rahita hai, jJAna ke binA bhI sacetana hai, nitya hI hai. anitya hI hai, ityAdirUpa se kriyAvAda, prakriyAvAda ajJAnavAda, jJAnavAda aura vainayikabAda Adi tIna sau saTha matoM kA varNana pUrvapakSarUpa se karatA hai| prathamAnuyoga-nAma kA tIsarA arthAdhikAra pAMca hajAra padoM ke dvArA caubIsa tIrthakara, bAraha cakrarvI, nau pratinArAyaNa ke purANoM kA tathA jinadeva vidyAdhara, cakravartI, cAraNaRddhidhArI muni aura rAjA prAdi ke vaMzoM kA varNana karatA hai| cUlikA ke pAMca bheda hai-jalagatA, thalagatA, mAyAgatA, rUpagatA, aura AkAzagatA / jalagatA cUlikA do, karoDa nau lAkha nabAsI hajAra do sau padoM ke dvArA jala meM gamana tathA jala stambhana ke kAraNa bhUta maMtra-taMtra tapazcaryA 1. anutaresvopapAdikA anuttaropAdikA :--RSidAsa-panya-sunakSatra-kArtika-nanda-nandana-zAlibhadaabhaya--vAriSeNa -cilAtaputra ityete daza vardhamAnatIrthakaratIrthe / evaM vRSabhAdInAM trayoviMzatestIrthavanyenye ca daza dazAnagArA daza daza dAruNAnurasargAnijitya vijayAdhunuttareSUtpanna ityevamanuttaropapAdikAH dazAsyA vaya'nta ityanuttarophyAdika dshaa| -tattvA0 vA. pR073

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 W zrAdi kA varNana karatI hai| thalagatA cUlikA utane hI padoM ke dvArA pRthivI ke bhItara se gamana karane ke kAraNabhUta maMtra-taMtra aura tapazcaryA kA tathA vastuvidyA aura bhUmi sambandhI anya zubhAzubha kAraNoM kA varNana karatI hai| mAyAgatA cUlikA utane hI padoM ke dvArA mAyArUpa indrajAla ke kAraNabhUta maMtrataMtra aura tapazcaraNa kA varNana karatI hai / rUpagatA cUlikA utane hI padoM ke dvArA siMha, ghor3A, hariNa Adi kA AkAra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNabhUta maMtra taMtra tapazcaraNa Adi kA varNana karatI hai| tathA usameM citrakarma, kASThakarma lepyakarma Adi kA bhI varNana rahatA hai| AkAzagatA cUlikA utane hI padoM ke dvArA AkAza meM gamana karane ke kAraNabhUta maMtra taMtra tapazcaraNayAdi kA varNana karatI hai| ina pAMcoM cUlikAyoM ke padoM kA jor3a dasa karor3a, unacAsa lAkha chayAlIsa hajAra hai| pUrva nAmaka adhikAra ke caudaha bheda haiM- utpAdapUrva pragrAyaNIpUrva vIryAnupravAda, astinAstipravAda, jJAnapravAda, satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, karmapravAda, pratyAkhyAnanAmadheya vidyAnupravAda, kalyANanAmadheya prANAvAya, kriyAvizAla aura lokavindusAra utpAdapUrva eka karor3a padoM ke dvArA jIva, kAla pudgala zrAdi dravyoM ke utpAda, vyaya aura dhovya kA varNana karatA hai / agrAyaNIpUrva chayAnave lAkha padoM ke dvArA sAta sau sunaya aura durnayoM kA tathA chaha dravya, no padArtha aura pAMca astikAyoM kA varNana karatA hai| vIryAnupravAda nAma kA pUrva-sattara lAkha padoM ke dvArA Atma vIryaM paravIrya ubhayavIrya, kSetravIrya, kAlavIrya, bhavavIrya tapavIrya kA varNana karatA hai / asti nAstipravAdapUrva - sATha lAkha padoM ke dvArA svarUpa catuSTaya kI apekSA satra dravyoM ke grastitva kA varNana karatA hai| jaise svadravya, svakSetra, svakAra aura svabhAva kI apekSA jIva kathaMcit satsvarUpa hai| paradravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura parabhAva ko apekSA jIva kathaMcit nAsti svarUpa hai| svacatuSTaya praura paracatuSTaya kI eka sAtha vivakSA hone para jIva kathaMcit avaktavya svarUpa hai / svadravyAdicatuSTaya aura paradravyAdicatuSTaya kI krama se vivakSA hone para jova kathaMcit zrasti nAstirUpa hai / isI taraha anya ajIvAdi kA bhI kathana kara lenA cAhiye / jJAna prathA pUrva -- eka kama eka karor3a padoM ke dvArA matijJAna Adi pAMca jJAnoM kA tathA kumati jJAna Adi tIna ajJAnoM kA varNana karatA hai / satyapravAda nAma kA pUrva eka karor3a chaha padoM ke dvArA dasa prakAra ke satya vacana aneka prakAra ke asatya vacana, aura bAraha prakAra kI bhASAoM Adi kA varNana karatA hai| zrAtmapravAdapUrva chabbIsa karor3a padoM ke dvArA jIva-viSayaka durnayoM kA nirAkaraNa karake jIva dravya kI siddhi karatA hai-- jIva hai, utpAda vyaya - dhrauvya rUpa trilakSaNa se yukta hai, zarIra ke barAbara hai, sva-para prakAzaka hai, sUkSma hai, amUrta hai, vyavahAranaya karmaphala kA aura nizcayanaya se apane svarUpa kA bhoktA hai, vyavahAranaya se zubhAzubhakarmo kA aura nizcayanaya se apane caitanya bhAvoM kA kartA hai| anAdikAla se bandhanabaddha hai, jJAna-darzana lakSaNa vAlA hai, Urdhva gamana svabhAva hai, ityAdi rUpa se jIva kA varNana karatA hai| kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki zrAtmapravAdapUrva saba dravyoM ke AtmA arthAt svarUpa kA kathana karatA hai| karma pravAdapUrva - eka karor3a grassI lAkha padoM ke dvArA AThoM karmoM kA varNana karatA hai| pratyAkhyAnapUrva caurAsI lAkha padoM ke dvArA pratyAsthAna arthAt sAvadya vastu tyAga kA, upavAsa kI vidhi aura usakI bhAvanA rUpa pA~casamiti tIna gupti Adi kA varNana karatA hai| vidyAnupravAda pUrva eka karor3a dazalAkha padoM ke dvArA sAta sau alpa vidyAoM kA, pA~ca sI mahAvidyAyoM kA aura una vidyAoM kI sAdhaka vidhi kA aura unake phala kA evaM AkAza, bhauma, aMga, svara svapNa, lakSaNa, vyaMjana, cihna ina grATha mahAnimittoM kA varNana karatA hai| kalyANavAda pUrva chabbIsa karor3a padoM ke dvArA sUrya, candramA, graha nakSatra aura tArAgaNoM ke cAra kSetra, upapAda sthAna, gati, viparIta gati aura unake phaloM kA tathA tIrthaGkara, baladeva, bAsudeva aura cakravartI Adi ke garbhA vatAra Adi kalyANakoM kA varNana karatA hai| prANAvAya pUrva teraha karor3a padoM ke dvArA aSTAMga prAyurveda, bhUtikarma ( zarIra Adi kI rakSA ke liye kiye gae bhasmalepana, sUtrabandhana Adi karma ) jAMguli prathama (viSavidyA) aura svAsocchvAsa ke bhedoM kA vistAra se varNana karatA hai / fearfare pUrva nau karor3a padoM ke dvArA vahattara kalAoM kA strI sambandhI cauMsaTha guNoM kA, zilpakalA kA, kAvya-sambandhI guNa-doSa kA aura chandazAstra kA varNana karatA hai| loka bindusAra pUrva bAraha karor3a pacAsa lAkha

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dvAdazAMga sUtra aura zrutakevalI YK padoM ke dvArA pATha prakAra ke vyavahAroM kA, cAra prakAra ke bIjoM kA, mokSa ko le jAne vAlo kriyA kA aura mokSa ke sukhoM kA varNana karatA hai / aGga bAhyazruta bAhya zrutajJAna ke caudaha bheda haiM-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, bandanA, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, dazavekAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpa vyavahAra, kalpyAkalpya, mahAkalpya, puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka aura niSiddhikA / sAmAyika nAma kA yaGga bAhya, nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ina chaha bhedoM ke dvArA samatAbhAva ke vidhAna kA varNana karatA hai| caturviMzatistava usa kAla sambandhI caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI vandanA kA vidhAna aura usake phala kA varNana karatA hai / vandanA nAma kA aGgabAhya eka tIrthaMkara aura usa eka tIrthakara ke jinAlaya sambandhI vandanA kA nirdoSa rUpa se varNana karatA hai| jisake dvArA pramAda se lage hue doSoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA jAtA use pratikramaNa kahate haiN| vaha devasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, sAMvatsarika, IryApathika aura protamAthika ke bheda se sAta prakAra kA hai| pratikramaNa nAma kA aGga bAhya duSamAdikAla aura chaha saMhananoM meM se kisI eka saMhana se yukta sthira tathA asthira svabhAva vAle puruSoM kA Azraya lekara ina sAta prakAra ke pratikramaNoM kA varNana karatA hai| vainayika nAmaka zraMga bAhya jJAnavinaya darzanavinaya, cAritravinaya, tapa vinaya aura upacAra vinaya ina pAMca prakAra vinayoM kA varNana karatA hai| kRtikarma - nAmaka aMga bAhya, arahaMta, siddha, grAcArya upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI pUjA vidhi kA kathana karatA hai / deza vaikAlika anaMga sAdhuoM ke AcAra aura bhikSATana kA varNana karatA hai| uttarAdhyayana cAra prakAra ke upasarga aura bAIsa parISahoM ke sahane ke vidhAna kA aura unake sahana karane ke phala kA tathA isa prazna kA yaha uttara hotA hai| isakA varNana karatA hai| RSiyoM ke karane yogya jo vyavahAra haiM unake skhalita ho jAne para jo prAyazcita hotA hai una sabakA varNana kalpa vyavahAra karatA hai| sAdhuoM ke aura sAdhuoM ke jo vyavahAra karane yogya haiM aura jo vyava hAra karane yogya nahIM haiM-prakaraNIya haiN| una saba kA dravya kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA Azraya lekara kalppAkalpya kathana karatA hai| dIkSA grahaNa, zikSA, Atma saMskAra, sallekhanA aura uttama sthApanA rUpa ArAdhanA ko prApta hue sAdhuoM ke jo karane yogya hai, usakA dravya kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA Azraya lekara mahAkalpya kathana karatA hai / puNDarIka aMga bAhya bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSka, kalpavAsI, aura vaimAnika sambandhI deva, indra, sAmAnika, Adi meM utpatti ke kAraNa bhUta dAna, pUjA, zIla, tapa, upavAsa, samyaktva aura zrakAma nirjarA kA tathA unake upapAda sthAna aura bhavanoM kA varNana karatA hai| mahApuNDarIka unhIM bhavanavAsI Adi devoM aura deviyoM meM utpatti ke kAraNabhUta tapa aura upavAsa prAdi kA varNana karatA hai| niSiddhikA aneka prakAra kI prAyazcita vidhi kA varNana karatA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mokSa jAne ke bAda tIna anubaddha kevalI aura pAMca zruta kevalI hue haiN| inameM bhadra bAhu antima ta kevala the| usa samaya taka yaha aMga ta ghapane mUlarUpa meM calA AyA hai| isake pazcAt buddhi bala maura dhAraNA zakti ke kSINa hote jAne se tathA zraMga zruta ko pustakArUr3ha kiye jAne kI paripATI na hone se kramazaH vaha vicchinna hotA gayA / isa iraha eka ora jahA~ yaMga zruta kA prabhAva hotA jA rahA thA, vahA~ dUsarI ora zruta paramparA ko avacchinna banAye rakhane ke liye aura usakA sIdhA sambandha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI se banAye rakhane ke lie bhI prayatna hote rahe haiN| aMga zruta ke bAda dUsarA sthAna aMga bAhya zruta ko milatA hai| inake bhedoM kA saMkSipta pari caya pahale likha Aye haiM /

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pAMca zruta kevalI 1. viSNunandi (prathama zruta kevalI) jambUsvAmI ne kevalI hone se pahale viSNunandi Adi prAcAryoM ko dvAdazAMga kA vyAkhyAna kiyaa| aura kevalI hokara ar3atIsa varSa paryanta jina zAsana kA udyota kiyA / antima kevalI jambU svAmI ke nirvANa prApta karane para sakala siddhAnta ke jJAtA viSNu prAcArya hue| jo caturdaza pUrvadhArI aura prathama zra na kevalI the / tapa ke anuSThAna se jinakA zarIra kRza ho gayA thaa| aura krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobhAdi cAroM kaSAeM jinakI upasamita ho gaI thIM / jo jJAna-dhyAna aura tapa meM niSTha rahate hue bhI saMgha kA nirvahana karate the| pApa meM saMgha ke saMcAlana kI agavaM zakti thii| Apake tapa aura teja kA prabhAva bhI usameM sahAyaka thaa| ApakI nirmalatA aura saumyatAdi guNa spardhA kI vastu the / sAdhunoM ke nigraha-anugraha meM pravINa, kaThora tapasvI the| saMghastha muniyoM para ApakA prabhAva unheM apane kartavya se vicalita nahIM hone detA thaa| pApako prazAnta mudrA aura haMsa mukha sAdhu saMgha para apanA prabhAva aMkita kiye hue thaa|aapne bIsa varSa taka vibhinna dezoM meM sasaMgha vihAra kara dharmopadeza dvArA jagata kA kalyANa kiyA / aura anta meM nandimitra ko dvAdazAMgadha ta aura saMgha kA saba bhAra samarpaNa kara deva loka prApta kiyaa| 2. mandimitra-(dvitIya zruta kevalI) mahAmuni nandimitra kaThora tapazcaraNa dvArA Atma-sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahate the| dhyAna aura adhyayana donoM kAryoM meM apanA samaya vyatIta karate the| se gamAgata upasarga aura pariSa hoM se nahIM ghabarAte the| pratyuta apane prAtmadhyAna meM atyanta saMlagna ho jAte the| saMgha meM ve apane saumyAdi guNoM ke kAraNa mahattA ko prApta the| prAcArya viSNunandi ke divaMgata hone se pUrva dvAdazAMga kA vyAkhyAna nandimitra ko kiyA thA aura saMgha kA kula bhAra pApako sauMpa diyA thaa| nandimitra caturdaza pUrvadhara zrutakaMvalI hue| Apane 20 varSa taka saMgha sahita vividha dezoM tathA nagaroM meM vihAra kara vIra zAsana kA pracAra kiyaa| aura janatA ko dharmopadeza dvArA kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| anta meM Apane apanA saMgha bhAra aparAjitAcArya ko sauMpakara deva loka prApta kiyaa| 3. prAcArya aparAjita (tRtIya zruta kevalI) ___ AcArya aparAjita ne tapazcaraNa dvArA jo prAtma-zodhana kiyA, usase kaSAyamala kA upazama ho gyaa| ApakI saumya prakRti aura miSTa saMbhASaNa saMgha meM apanI khAsavizeSatA, rakhatA thaa| dhyAna, adhyayana aura adhyApana hI pApa ke sambala the| yadyapi Apa zarIra se durbala the, kintu Atmabala bar3hA huA thaa| ve paMca prAcAroM kA svayaM pAcaraNa karate the, aura anya mAdhumoM se karAte the| nigraha aura anugraha meM catura the / nandimitrAcArya ne devaloka prApta karane se pUrva hI saMgha kA saba bhAra aparAjita ko sauMpa diyA thaa| pazcAt ve divaMgata hue| prAcArya aparAjita vAda karane meM pratyanta nipuNa the, koI unase vijaya nahIM pA sakatA thaa| ataeva ve sArthaka nAma ke dhAraka the| aura dvAdazAMga ke vettA thu ta kevalI the| saMgha kA saba bhAra vahana karate hue unhoMne saMgha sahita vividha dezoM, nagaroM, aura grAmoM meM vihAra kara dharmopadeza dvArA janatA kA kalyANa aura vIra zAsana ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM apanA pUrNa sahayoga pradAna kiyaa| anta meM Apane apanA saba saMgha bhAra govarddhanAcArya ko sauMpa kara divaMgata hue| 4. govanAcArya (caturdaza pUrvadhara) caturthazrutakevalI yaha aparAjita zratakevalI ke ziSya the| antarvAhya granthi ke parityAgI, mahAtapasvI aura caturdaza pUrvapara, tathA aSTAMga mahA nimitta ke vetA the| ve eka samaya sasaMgha vihAra karate hue Urjayantagiri yA raivataka parvata ke 1. viSNu pAiriyo sayala siddhatipro upasamiya caukasAyo rAdimittAiriyasa samippaya dubAlasaMgo devloaNgdo| --jaya ghavalA pu01pR0 85

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47 --- - - poca pulakevalI bhagavAna neminAtha jinakI stuti vaMdanAdi kara bihAra karate hue devakoTTa nagara meM paae| jo por3avadhana deza meM sthita thaa| vahAM unhoMne mArga meM kucha bAlakoM ko goliyoM se khelate hue dekhA, una bAlakoM meM eka bAlaka tejasvo mora prakhara buddhi kA thaa| usane eka ke Upara eka isa taraha caudaha goliyAM car3hA dI, use dekha AcArya zrI ne nimita jJAna se jAna liyA ki yahI bAlaka caturdaza pUrvadhara (antima zrutakevalI) hogaa| unhoMne usakA nAma aura pitA kA nAmAdi pUchA, bAlaka ne apanA nAma bhadravAha aura pitA kA nAma somazarmA btlaayaa| prAcArya zrI ne pUchA, vatsa, tuma hameM apane pitA ke ghara le jA sakate ho, vaha bAlaka tatkAla unheM apane ghara le gyaa| somazamI ne prAcArya mahArAja ko dekhakara binaya se namaskAra kara uccAsana para baitthaayaa| prAcArya zrI ne kahA ki tuma apane isa putra ko mujhe vidyA par3hAne ke lie de dojie| soma zarmA ne unakI bAta svIkAra kara bAlaka ko prAcArya zrI ke sAtha bheja diyaa| govarddhanAcArya ne bhadrabAha ko aneka vidyAeM sikhaaii| aura use nipuNa vidvAna banA diyaa| aura kahA ki aba tuma vidvAna ho gae ho| apane mAtA-pitA ke pAsa jaamo| bhadrabAhu apane pitA ke pAsa gayA, use vidvAna dekhakara ve harSita hue| bhadrabAhu unako aAjJA lekara punaH saMgha meM A gyaa| aura guru mahArAja se daigambaro dAkSA grahaNa kara tapazcaraNa karanA prArambha kiyaa| prAcArya zrI ne bhadrabAhu ko dvAdazAMga kA vettA zrutavilI banA diyaa| aura saMgha kA sava bhAra bhadrabAhu ko sauMpa diyaa| govarddhanAcArya ne svayaM prAtma-sAdhanA karate hue anta meM samAdhi pUrvaka devaloka prApta kiyaa| bhadrabAha zrutakevalI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt bharatakSetra meM zranajJAna rUpa pUrNacandra prastamita ho gyaa| kintu usa samaya gyAraha aMgoM aura vidyAnuvAda paryanta dRSTivAda aga ke bhI dhAraka vizAkhAcArya hue| una ke bAda kAladoSa se prAga ke cAra pUrvo ke dhAraka bhI vyucchinna ho ge| prastuta vizAkhAcArya AcAra Adi gyAraha aMgoM ke aura utpAdapUrvAdi daza pUrvo ke ghAraka hue / tathA pratyAkhyAna prANavAya, kriyAvizAla aura lokabindusAra ina cAra pUrvo ke eka deza dhAraka hue| inhIM ko adhyakSatA bAraha hajAra muniyoM kA saMgha bhadrabAhu ke nirdeza se pANyAdi deza kI ora gayA thaa| aura bAraha varSa bAda dubhikSa kI samApti ke bAda punaH vApisa pA gayA thaa| 5. bhavabAhu paMcama zrutakevalo antima kevalI jambU svAmI ke nirmANa ke bAda digambara-zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM kI gurvAvaliyAM bhinna-bhinna ho jAtI haiN| kintu zrutakevalI bhadravAha ke samaya ye gaMgA-yamunA ke samAna punaH mila jAtI haiN| tathA bhadrabAha zrutakevalI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt jaina paramparA sthAyI rUpa se do vibhinna zrotoM meM pravAhita hone lagatI hai| ataeva bhadravAha zruta kevalI donoM hI paramparAgoM meM mAnya haiN| 1 govardhanazvata po.sAvA caturdazapUrvirapAm / nirmanIkRtasAzo jAnacandakarokara : // UjaMpantaM giri nemi stotukAmo mhaatpaaH| biharana banAma mAga boTInagara mudatva jam / / 10 bhadrabAhukumAraM ca ma dRSTayA nagare puna : / upayu pari kRrSaNaM tAzcaturdazavaTTakAn // 11 pUrvoktaviNAM madhye paJcamaH zrutakevalI / samamnapUrvadhArI ca nAnadinamAbhAjanaH / / 12 // hariSeNa kathA. pR0 317 2 nAnA viSaM tAH kRtvA govardhanaguru stadA / suraloka jagAmAzu devIgIta manoharam // 22 hariSeNa kathA0 pR0 317 1 gari vasAhAriyo takkAle mAyArAdINa mekkArasAhamaMgANamuppAyapubAINaM dasahaM puvANaM ca paJcarakhAmapANavAtra-kiriyA vizAla lobiMdusAra punnAgasamegadesANaM ca dhArayo jaado| jayapavanA pu0 15085

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 bhavabAharanimaH samapravaddhisampayA, su zarada sizAsanaM suzagda-bandha-sundharam / ina-vRtta-siddhirannabaddha karmabhittapo, vRddhi-vadhina-prakItikaddadhe mahadhika / / yo bhannavAha zrusakebalInAM munIzvarANAmiha pazcimo'pi / apazcimo'bhUdvikhuSAM vinetA, sarvazrutArthapratipAvanena / / zravaNa belagola zilA0 108 puNDavardhana deza meM devakoTTa nAma kA eka nagara thA, jisakA prAcIna nAma 'koTipura' thaa| isa nagara meM soma zarmA nAma kA eka brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma somazrI thA, usase bhadrabAhu kA janma huA thaa| bAlaka svabhAva se hI honahAra aura kuzAgrabuddhi thaa| usakA kSayopazama aura dhAraNA zakti pravala thii| prAkRti saumya aura sundara thii| vANI madhura aura spaSTa tho / eka dina vaha bAlaka nagara ke bAhara anya bAlakoM ke sAtha gaMToM (goliyoM) se khela rahA thaa| khelate-khelate usane caudaha goliyoM ko eka para eka paMktibaddha khar3A kara diyaa| arjayantagiri (giranAra) ke bhagavAna neminAtha kI yAtrA se vApisa prAte hue caturtha zrutakevalI govardhana svAmI saMgha sahita koTi grAma phuNce| unhoMne bAlaka bhadrabAhu ko dekhakara jAna liyA ki yahI bAlaka thor3e dinoM meM antima zrutakeMbalI aura ghora tapazvI hogaa| prataH unhoMne usa bAlaka se pUchA ki tumhArA kyA nAma hai, aura tuma kisake pUtra ho| taba bhadrabAha ne kahA ki maiM somazarmA kA putra huuN| aura merA nAma bhadrabAha hai| prAcArya zrI ne kahA, kyA tuma casakara apane pitA kA ghara batalA sakate ho? bAlaka tatkAla prAcArya zrI ko apane pitA ke ghara le gyaa| prAcAryazrI ko dekhakara soma zarmA ne bhakti pUrvaka unakI vandanA kii| aura baiThane ke lie uccAsana diyaa| prAcArya zrI ne soma zarmA se kahA ki prApa apanA bAlaka hamAre sAtha par3hane ke lie bheja dIjie / soma zarmA ne prAcAryazrI se nivedana kiyA ki bAlaka ko prApa khuzI se le jAie / aura pddh'aaie| mAtA-pitA kI prAjJA se prAcAryazrI ne bAlaka ko apane saMrakSaNa meM le liyaa| aura use sarva vidyAyeM pddh'aaii| kucha hI varSoM meM bhadrabAha saba vidyAoM meM niSNAta ho gyaa| taba govarddhanAcArya ne use apane mAtA-pitA ke pAsa bheja diyaa| mAtA-pitA use sarva vidyA sampanna dekhakara atyanta harSita hue| bhadrabAhu ne mAtA-pitA se dIkSA lene kI anumati mAMgI, aura vaha mAtA-pitA kI prAjJA lekara apane guru ke pAsa vApisa pA gyaa| niSNAta buddhi bhadrabAhu~ ne mahA vairAgya sampanna hokara yathA samaya jina dIkSA le lii| aura digambara sAdhu banakara prAtma-sAdhanA meM tatpara ho gyaa| eka dina yogI bhadrabAha prAtaHkAla kAyotsarga meM lIna the ki bhavitavaza deva asura aura manuSyoM se pajita he| govarddhanAcArya ne unheM apane paTTa para pratiSThita kara, saMgha kA saba bhAra bhadrabAhu ko sauMpa kara niHzalya ho ge| aura kucha samaya bAda govarddhana svAmI kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| guru ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt bhadrabAhu siddhi sampanna muni puMgava hue| kaThora tapasvI aura prAtma-dhyAnI hue / aura saMgha kA saba bhAra vahana karane meM nipuNa the| ve caturdazca pUrvadhara aura aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI zrutakevalI the| apane saMgha ke sAtha unhoMne aneka dezoM meM vihAra dharmopadeza dvArA janatA kA mahAna kalyANa kiyaa| bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI yatra-tatra dezoM meM apane vizAla saMgha ke sAtha vihAra karate hue ujjaina padhAre, aura sipA nadI ke kinAre upabana meM tthhre| vahAM samrAT candragupta maurya ne unakI bandanA kI, jo usa samaya prAMtIya upa rAjadhAnI meM ThaharA huA thA ! eka dina bhadrabAhu AhAra ke lie nagarI meM ge| ve eka makAna ke prAMgana meM praviSTha he| jisameM koI manuSya nahIM thA; kintu pAlanA meM bhUlate hue eka bAlaka ne kahA, mune ! tuma yahAM se zIghra cale jAmo, cale jaao| taba bhadrabAhu ne apane nimittajJAna se jAnA ki yahAM bAraha varSa kA bhArI durbhikSa par3ane vAlA hai| bAraha varSa taka varSA na hone se mannAdi utpanna na hoNge| aura dhana-dhAnya se samRddha yaha deza zUnya ho jAegA aura bhUkha ke kAraNa manuSya-manuSya ko khA jaaegaa| yaha deza rAjA, manuSya aura taskarAdi se vihIna ho jaaegaa| aisA jAnakara yAhAra lie binA loTa pAe aura jina maMdira meM prAkara pAvazyaka kriyAeM sampanna kii| aura apa

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pAMca zruta kevalI rANha kAla meM samasta saMgha meM ghoSaNA kI ki yahA~ bAraha varSa kA ghora durbhikSa hone vAlA hai| ataH saba saMgha ko samudra ke samIpa dakSiNa deza meM jAnA caahie| samrATa candragupta meM rAtri meM sote hue solaha svapna dekhe| vaha prAcArya bhadrabAhu se unakA phala pUchane pora dharmopadeza sunane ke liye unake pAsa AyA aura unheM namaskAra kara unase dharmopadeza sunA, apane svapnoM kA phala puuchaa| taba unhoMne batalAyA ki tumhAre svapnoM kA phala aniSTa saMsUcaka hai| yahA~ bAraha varSa kA ghora bhikSa par3ane vAlA hai, usase jana-dhana kI bar3I hAni hogii| candragupta ne yaha sunakara aura putra ko rAjya dekara bhadrabAhu se jina-dIkSA le lo| jaisA ki tiloyapaNatI ko nimna gAthA se spaSTa hai - mauDagharesu carimo jiNavikkhaM dharadi candragutto ya / tatto mauudharA pavvajjaM va gehati / / -tilo0pa04-14-1 bhadrabAhu vahA~ se sasaMgha calakara zravaNabelagola taka paaye| bhadrabAhu ne kahA-merA prAyupya alpa hai, ataH maiM yahIM rahU~gA, aura saMgha ko nirdeza diyA ki vaha vijJAnAcArya ke netRtva meM Age calA jaaye| bhadravAha zrutakevalo hone ke sAtha aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke bhI pAragAmo the, unheM dakSiNa deza meM jainadharma ke pracAra kI bAta jJAta thI, tabhI unhoMne bAraha hajAra sAghutroM ke vizAla saMgha ko dakSiNa kI ora jAne kI anumati dii| bhadrabAha ne saba saMgha ko dakSiNa ke pANDyAdi dezoM ko ora bhejA, kyoMki unheM vizvAsa thA ki vahA~ jana sAghamoM ke prAcAra kA pUrNa nirvAha ho jaaygaa| usa samaya dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma pahale se pracalita thaa| yadi jainadharma kA prasAra vahA~ na hotA, to itane bar3e saMgha kA nivAMha vahA~ kisI taraha bhI nahIM ho sakatA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki vahA~ jainadharma pracalita thA / laMkA meM bhI IsavI pUrva caturtha zatAbdI meM jainadharma kA pracAra thA, aura saMghasya sAdhunoM ne bhI vahA~ janadharma kA pracAra kiyaa| tamila pradeza ke prAcInatama zilAlekha madurA aura rAmanADa jile se prApta hue haiM jo azoka ke stambhoM meM utkIrNa lipi meM hai| unakA kAla I0 pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI kA anta aura dUsarI zatAbdI kA prAraMbha mAnA gayA hai| unakA sAvadhAnI se avalokana karane para 'pallo', 'madurAI' jase kucha tamila zabda pahacAnane meM Ate haiN| usa para vidvAnoM ke do mata hai| prathama ke anusAra una zilAlekhoM kI bhASA tamila hai, jo apane prAcInatama avikasita rUpoM meM pAI jAtI hai| aura dUsare mata ke anusAra unako bhApA paMzAcI prAkRta hai jo pANDya deza meM pracalita thii| jina sthAnoM se ukta zilA lekha prApta hue haiM, unake nikaTa jaina mandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa aura jaina tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyAM pAI jAtI haiM, jina para sA kA phaNa yA tIna chatra aMkita haiM / bauddha grantha mahAvaMza ko racanA laMkA ke rAjA dhaMtuseNu (461-479 I.) ke samaya huI thii| usameM 543 I0 pUrva se lekara 301 I0 ke kAla kA varNana hai| 430 I0 pUrva ke lagabhaga pANDugAbhaya rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM anurAdhApura meM rAjadhAnI parivartita huI thii| mahAbaMza meM isa nagara kI aneka naI imAratoM kA varNana hai| unameM se eka imArata nirgranthoM ke liye thI, usakA nAma giri thA aura usameM bahuta se nirgrantha rahate the| rAjAne nirgranthoM ke liye eka mandira bhI vanavAyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki laMkA meM IsA pUrva 5vIM zatI ke lagabhaga jainadharma kA praveza hAnA hogaa| 1. bhAvAbavaH aravA candragupto narezvaraH / amyaMtra zogitaH pAvaM dadhI janezvara tapaH / / candraguptanuniH zIna prathamo dAviNAm / sarvagaMdhAbhiSA jAto visavAcArya saMjakaH ||-hripenn kathAkoNa 131 (ka) - carimo mauDa varImo sAravaiNA candragulaNAmAe / paMcamahanvayagahiyA prari rikvA (ma) bocchiNNA // zrutaskandha ba0 hemacandra (kha)tadIpaziSyo'jani candraguptaH samapazIlAnatadevavRddhaH / viveza yastIvatapaH prabhAva-prabhUta-kIti banAntarANi // - zravaNabelagola zi011021. 2. sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma pa0 32 prAdi 3. dekheM, jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA, pR0 31

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 -- - bhadrabAhu aura candragupta vahIM raha ge| candragiri parvata ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki candragupta kA dIkSA nAma 'prabhAcandra' thA, ve bhadrabAhu ke sAtha kaTavA para Thahara gae, aura unhoMne vahIM samAdhimaraNa kiyA / bhadrabAhu kI samAdhi kA bhagavatI pArAdhanA kI nimna gAthA meM ullekha hai promodariye ghorAe bhavAha ya saMki littumdii| ghorAe tiginchAe paDivaNNo uttama ThANaM // 1544 isa gAthA meM batalAyA gayA hai ki bhadrabAhu ne avamodayaM dvArA nyUna bhojana kI ghora vedanA sahakara uttamArtha kI prApti kii| candragupta ne apane guru kI khUba sevA kii| bhadravAhu ke divaMgata hone ke bAda zrutakevalI kA prabhAva ho gayA', dayoMki samitama bhUta ke nalI the| digambara paramparA meM bhadrabAhu ke janmAdi kA paricaya hariSeNa kathAkoSa, zrIcandra kathAkoSa aura bhadrabAha carita grAdi meM milatA hai| aura bhadrabAhu ke bAda unakI ziSya paramparA aMga-pUrvAdi ke pAThiyoM ke sAtha calatI hai, jisakA paricaya prAge diyA jaaygaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM kalpamUtra, zrAvazyakasUtra, nandisUtra, RSimaMDalasUtra aura hemacandra ke pariziSTa parva meM bhadrabAha kI jAnakArI milatI hai| kalpasUtra kI sthadirAvalI meM unake cAra ziSyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| para ve cAroM hI svargavAsI ho gae / ataeva bhadrabAhu kI ziSya paramparA prAge na bar3ha skii| kintu ukta paramparA bhadrabAhu ke gurubhAI saMbhUti vijaya ke ziSya sthUlabhadra se Age bddh'ii| vahA~ sthUlabhadra ko antima zrutakavalI mAnA gayA hai| mahAvIra ke nirmANa se 170veM varSa meM bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa huaA hai aura sthalabhadra kA svargavAsa vora nirvANa saM0 157 se 257 taka arthAt IsvI pUrva 270 meM yA usake kucha pUrva hmaa| digambara paramparA meM bhadrabAhu kA paTakAla 21 varSa mAnA jAtA hai| jabaki zvetAmbara paramparA meM paTTakAla 14 varSa batalAyA hai| tathA vyavahAra sUtra, chedamUtrAdi prantha bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI dvArA racita kahe jAte haiN| digambara paramparA ke anusAra bhadrabAhu kA svargavAsa vIra ni0 saMvat ke 16veM varSa arthAt 365 I0 pUrva mAnA jAtA hai| digambara paramparA meM bhadrabAha zrutavalI dvArA racita sAhitya nahIM miltaa| isameM pATha varSa kA antara vicAraNIya hai| dhIra nirvANa ke bAda kI zruta paramparA liloyapaNNasI meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda ke itihAsa kI vahata sAmagrI milatI hai, usameM se yahA~ thuta paraparA dI jA rahI hai| jisa dina bhagavAna mahAvIra ne mukti pada prApta kiyA, usI dina gautama gaNadhara ko paramajJAna (kevalajJAna) prApta huA / indrabhUti ke siddha hone para sudhama svAmI keyalI hue| unake kRta karmoM kA nAza kara cukane para jambU svAmI ke balI hue| unake bAda koI anubaddha kevalI nahIM huaa| ina tInoM kA dharma pravartanakAla vAsaTha varSa hai| kevalajJAniyoM meM antima zrIdhara hue, jo kuNDalagiri se mukta hae aura cAraNa RSiyoM meM antima supAvacandra hue| prajJA zramaNoM meM antima baira jasa yA bajrayaza, aura pradadhijJAniyoM meM antima zruta, vinaya evaM suzolAdi se sampanna zrI nAmataM Rpi hae / mukuTadhara rAjAoM meM antima candragupta ne jina dIkSA dhAraNa ko| isake bAda makUTadharoM meM kisI ne pravajyA yA dIkSA dhAraNa nahIM kii| nandi, nandimitra, aparAjita, govarddhana aura bhadravAha ye pAMca na kevalI dvAdaza aMgoM ke dhAraNa karanevAle hue| inakA ekatra kAla sau varSa hai| paMcama kAla meM inake bAda meM koI zrutakevalI nahIM huaa| bhadravAha zratakebalI ke jIvana ke antima samaya ke nirdeza se vizAkhAcArya saMghastha sAdhanoM ko dakSiNApatha kI ora le gaye / aura bhadrabAha ne svayaM bhI nava dIkSita candragupta muni ke sAtha kaTavapra giri para samAdhi dhAraNa kii| -jayadha0 pR. 1105 1. tado bhadrabAhu saggaMgate sayala mudasArapassa docchedo jaado| 2. sarvapUrvadharo'thAsIrasthUlabhadro mahAmuniH / nyavezi vAcAyaM pade zrImatA bhadrabAhunA / / 111 // pariziSTa parva, sarga 6, pR010

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saMghabheva prastuta vizAkhAcArya prAcArAMgAdi gyAraha aMgoM ke tathA utpAda pUrva prAdi daza pUoM ke jJAtA aura pratyA prastuta khyAna pUrva prANavAya, kriyAvizAla aura lokabindusAra ina cAra pUrvo ke ekadeza dhAraka hae / inhIM vizAkhAcArya ke Adeza ba nirdeza se vAraha hajAra muniyoM ne dakSiNa deza meM vIra zAsana kA pracAra prasAra karate hue pAMDya dezoM meM vihAra kiyA aura apanI sAdhucaryA kA nirdoSa rUpa se anuSThAna kiyaa| vizAkhAcArya, proSThilla, kSatriya, jaya sena, nAga sena, siddhArtha, dhRtisena, vijaya, buddhilla, gaMgadeva aura sudharma (dharmasena) ye gyAraha bhAcArya dazapUrva ke dhArI hue| paramparA se prApta ina sabakA kAla 183 varSa hai| dharmasena ke svarga vAsI hone para dazapUrvo kA viccheda ho gayA / ' kintu itanI vizeSatA hai ki nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDa, dhruvamena aura kasa ye pAMca prAcArya gyAraha praga aura caudaha pUrvo ke ekadezadhAraka hue| inakA ekatra parimANa 220 varSa hai| merI rAya meM yaha kAla adhika jAna par3atA hai| ekAdaza aMgavArIsAmI ke digala ho jAne para bharatakSetra kA koI bhI prAcArya gyAraha aMgadhArI nahIM rahA / kintu usa kAla meM puruSa paramparA krama se subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAha aura lohArya ye cAra prAcArya prAcAryAMga ke dhArI aura zeSa aMga pUoM ke ekadeza dhAraka hue| saMdha-bheda bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMgha kI avicchinna paramparA bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ke samaya taka rhii| isameM kisI ko bhI vivAda nahIM hai| kintu digambara zvetAmbara paTTAvaliyA~ jamvU svAmI ke samaya se bhinna bhinna milatI hai| yadyapi digambara sampradAya meM zruta paramparA 683 varSa taka avicchinna dhArA meM pravAhita rahI hai| prastu zrata kevalI bhadrabAhu apane jIvana ke antima samaya meM jaba ve sasaMgha ujjainI meM padhAre aura siprAnadI ke kinAre upavana meM Thahare, usa samaya unheM vahA~ vadi ke na hone se dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa durbhikSa ke par3ane kA nizcaya huA / taba bhadravAha ke nirdezAnusAra saMgha dakSiNa ke cola pANDyAdi dezoM kI ora gayA / candragupta ne bhI 16 svapna dekhe, jinakA phala unhoMne bhadrabAhu se pUchA, una svapnoM kA phala bhI zubha nahIM thaa| atAra candragupta maurya bhadravAha se dIkSA lekara unhIM ke sAtha dakSiNa kI ora vihAra kara ge| isa dubhikSa kA ullekha zvetAmbara paramparA bhI karatI hai aura sAdhu saMgha ke samudra ke samIpa jAkara bikhara jAne ko vAta bhI svIkRta karatI hai / bhadrabAhu saMgha ke sAtha . . .- . - - -- - visAhAindhiI samakAna mAyApahI makAnaNha maMgANamupAyalyANa danaha pRthvANa paccadavANa pANavAya kiriyA bisAla lophavinusAra gudhvAga magadamAgaM ca dhArayo jaado| (jaya dhavalA pu. 150 85) paThamo sabhaharaNAno jamabhaddo taha ya dodi jasabAha / ramo 8 loramAmA gaI AvAranaMgadharA / / nemakamagnaMgA codbdhaaraamdemdhg| kamayaM adAgyavAsa dAraNa parimANa / / tana padIdegu nadrA prAcAradhana rAhAta ahmmi| godanamugipahudI ga dhAnANDa emmadAriMga memIdI ||-tilo04 gAthA 1460 se 1462 dhammamonayana sAyaM gada bhArata se damoha pRthghANa vAcchado jAdA / riNavattAgyo jasapAlo pADa vaseko kamAiriyo di pare paca jano jahAkameNa ekkArasaMgadhAriNo cAMdamahaM pRnavArAmagadesadhAriNo jAdA / gudesi kAlo bomuttara vi tadavAsamattA 220 / jayapa. pu. 1505 3. puraNo ekkArasaMgadhAgae kanAirie maggaM gade ettha bharakhene raNasthi koiva ekkaarsNgdhaarmo| 4. dekho vahI pR. 86 jayadha0 pu. 1 pR.86

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 52 dakSiNa kI ora calate calate jaba ve kalabappU yA kaTavatra giri para pahu~ce, taba unheM apanI Ayu ke anta samaya kA AbhAsa huA, taba unhoMne saba ko vizAkhAcArya ke netRtva meM Age jAne kA nirdeza kiyA, aura ve vahIM raha ge| candragupta bhI unhIM ke sAtha rhaa| bhadrabAhu ne samAdhi le lI aura usI parvata kI guphA meM samabhAvoM se divaMgata hue / candragupta ne jinakA dIkSA nAma prabhAcandra lekha meM ullikhita hai, unhoMne bhadrabAhu kI vaiyAvRtya ko, aura unake nirdezAnusAra hI saba kArya sampanna kiye| kintu jo sAdhu zrAvakoM ke anurodhavaza uttara bhArata meM hI raha gae the, unheM dubhikSa kI bhISaNa paristhitivaza vastrAdi ko svIkAra karanA par3A, aura muni pracAra ke viruddha pravRtti karanI pdd'ii| yaha zithila pravRtti ho jAge jAkara sababheda meM sahAyaka hotI huI zvetAmbara saMgha kI utpatti kA kAraNa vanI / jaba bAraha varSa kA durbhikSa samApta huA aura loka meM subhikSa ho gayA, taba jo saMgha dakSiNa kI ora gayA thA, vaha vizAkhAcArya ke sAtha dakSiNApatha se madhyadeza meM lauTakara AyA / zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra bhadrabAhu usa samaya nepAla kI tarAI meM the, aura vaha 12 varSa kI tapasyA 'vizeSa meM nirata the| mahAprANa nAmaka dhyAna meM saMlagna the / sAdhu saMgha ne unheM paTanA bulAyA, kintu ve nahIM Aye, jisase unheM saMgha bAhya karane ko dhamakI dI gaI aura kisI taraha unheM par3hAne ke liye rAjI kara liyA gayA / sthUlabhadra ne unhIM se pUrvoM kA jJAna prApta kiyA / " yadi zvetAmbara sampradAya ke isa kathana ko satya mAna liyA jAya to bhI zvetAmbara sampradAya ko apanI paramparA sthUlabhadra se mAnanI hogii| dUsare bhadrabAhu kA paTanA vAcanA meM sammilita na honA, ye donoM bAte usa samaya jaina saMgha meM kisI bar3e bhArI visphoTa kI ora saMketa karatI haiN| aura bhadrabAhu ke vAcanA meM zAmila na hone se vaha samasta jaina saMgha kI na hokara ekAntika kahI jaaygii| vaha bAcAra-vicAra zaithilya vAle una kucha sAdhuoM kI hogI / ataH use akhila jaina saMgha kA pratinidhitva prApta nahIM ho sktaa| yahA~ yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai ki jaba bhadrabAhu ke kAla meM prathama vAcanA paTanA meM huI, taba usI samaya zruta ko pustakArUr3ha kara saMrakSita kyoM nahIM kiyA gayA ? ghaTanAkama se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya zrAcAra-vicAra thilya vAle saca ke bhItara bar3A mata-bheda rahA hogaa| eka dala kahatA hogA ki saMgha bheda kI sthiti meM aga sAhitya meM parivartana iSTa nahIM hai / yadi usa samaya zvetAmbara zraga sAhitya saMkalita kara pustakArUr3ha kiyA jAtA to saMbhava hai usakA vartamAna rUpa kucha aura hI hotA / dakSiNa se jaba sadha lauTa kara AyA, taba unhoMne yahA~ raha jAne vAle sAdhuoM ke zithilAcAra ko dekha kara cahuta duHkha vyakta kiyA, unheM samajhAyA aura kahA ki thApa logoM ko durbhikSa kI paristhitivaza jo viparIta zrAcaraNa karanA par3A, gratha usakA parityAga kara dIjiye aura prAyazcitta lekara bIra zAsana ke prAcAra kA yathArtha rUpa meM pAlana kIjiye, jisase jaina zramaNoM kI mahattA barAbara banI rhe| kintu zrAcAra aura vicAra thilya bAle una sAdhuoM ne ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA; kyoMki madhyama mArga meM jo sukha-suvidhA unheM 12 varSa taka durbhikSa ke samaya milI, vaha unheM kaThora mArga kA AcaraNa karane se kaise mila sakatI thii| dUsare usa samaya deza meM bauddhoM ke madhyama mArga kA pracAra evaM prasAra ho rahA thA - ve vastra pAtrAdi ke sAtha bauddha dharma kA anusaraNa kara rahe the| usakA prabhAva bhI una para par3A hogA aisA lagatA hai| AcAra aura vaicArika zithilatA ne unheM madhyama mArga meM rahane ke lie bAdhya kiyaa| yadi unheM vastra pAtrAdi rakhane kA kadAgraha na hotA, to ve prAyazcitta lekara apane pUrvavartI muni dharma para ArUr3ha ho jAte / para dathitya pravRtti ke saMyojaka sthUlabhadra jaise sAdhu usa mArga ko kaise svIkAra kara sakate the ? ye donoM hI sAdhana saMgha bheda-paramparA ke janaka haiN| grAcAra dazaithilya ne sAdhuoM ko vastra aura pAtra Adi rakhane ke liye vivaza kiyA aura vicAra zaithilya ne apane anukUla saiddhAntika vicAroM meM kAnti lAne meM sahayoga diyaa| ve use puSTa karane ke lie Thosa AdhAra DhUMr3hane kA prayatna karane lage, kyoMki zithilAcAra ko puSTa karane ke lie unheM usakI mahatI AvazyakatA thI / isIlie unhoMne khUba soca-vicAra ke sAtha bauddhoM ke anusaraNa para pATaliputra (paTanA) 1. dekho, pariziSTa parva sarga 6 zloka 72 se 110 pR0 86 2. saphela dala ke bhItara tIvra madabheda kI bAta prajJAcakSu, paM0 sukhalAla jI bhI svIkAra karate haiN| mathurA ke bAda valabhI meM 'punaH zruta saMskAra huA, jisameM sthavira yA sacala dala kA rahA sahA matabheda bhI nAma zeSa ho gayA / --tattvArtha sUtra prastAvanA pR0 30

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saMgha-bheva mathurA aura valabhI meM vAcanAeM kraaii| jisakA uddezya prAgamoM dvArA vastra aura pAtra ko puSTa karanA rahA hai| zvetAmbaroya vartamAna pAgama tRtIya vAcanA kA phala hai, jo balabhI meM vorAt 180 (san 453 I.) meM devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM huI, aura usameM vicchinna hone se avaziSTa rahe truTita-atruTita, bhraSTa parivartita aura paribaddhita tathA svamati se kalpita pAgamoM ko apanI icchAnusAra pustakArUr3ha kiyA gayA / ye vAcanAeM bauddha paramparA kI saMgItiyoM kA anukaraNa karatI haiN| pustakArur3ha kiye jAne vAle pAgama sAhitya meM vastra aura pAtra rakhane ke jagaha-jagaha ullekha pAye jAte haiN| sacela paramparA kI sthiti ko kAyama karane ke lie ye saba ullekha sahAyaka evaM puSTikAraka haiN| inase madhyama mArga kI sthiti ko bala milA hai| tIrthakaroM kI dIkSA meM bhI indra dvArA 'devadUSya' vastra dene kI kalpanA kI gaI hai, aura AdinAtha tathA antima tIrthakara kA dharma pracelaka batalAte hue bhI deva dRSya vastra ko kaMdhe para laTakAne kI kalpanA gar3hI gaI hai aura zeSa 22 tIrthakaroM kA dharma sacela aura acela batalAyA gayA hai| prAcArAMma sUtra kI TIkA meM prAcArya zIlAka ne apanI ora se acelatA ko jinakalpa kA aura sacelatA ko pavira malA kA AbhAra tulAyA hai / canAMce zvetAmbarIya prAcArAMga meM yahA~ taka vikAra mA gayA hai ki vahA~ piNDa eSaNA ke sAtha pAtra eSaNA aura vastra eSaNA ko bhI jor3A gayA hai, jisase yaha sApha dhvanita hotA hai ki mUla nirgrantha prAcAra meM dvAdaza varSIya bhikSa ke kaI zatAbdI bAda vastra aura pAtra eSaNA kI kalpanA kara unheM eSaNA samiti ke svarUpa meM jor3a diyA hai| gaNadhara indrabhUti racita prAcArAMga meM inakA honA sambhava nahIM hai| mUla prAcArAMga ko racanA ina saba kalpanAmoM se pUrva kI hai, jisameM yathAjAtamudrA kA varNana thaa| pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ko sacela batalAne ke lie kezI-gautama saMvAda kI kalpanA kI gaI hai aura use mahAvIra tIrthaMkara-kAla ke 16vaM varSa meM batalAyA hai| yahA~ yaha vicArane kI bAta hai ki nirgrantha tIrthaMkara mahAvIra marane zAsana ke viruddha vastrAdi kI kalpanA ko apane gaNadhara dvArA kaise mAnya kara sakate the? phira usa samaya ke sAdhanoM ko nagna rahane kI kyA AvazyakatA thI aura usa samaya sAdhuoM ko vastrAdi rahita ninya dIkSA kyoM dI jAto rhii| itanA hI nahIM kintu savastra mukti, strI mukti aura kevali bhukti prAdi ko mAnyatA sUcaka kathana bhI likhe gye| paura 16veM tIrthakara mallinAtha ko strI tIrthakara batalAyA gyaa| 'malli' zabda ke sAtha nAtha zabda kA prayoga bhI kiyA jAtA hai, jo ucita pratIta nahIM hotA / astu, yaha bAta sunizcita hai ki mUla siddhAntoM meM koI parivartana nahIM hotA-ve aparivartanIya hI hote haiN| nagnatA cUMki mUlabhuta siddhAMta hai, ataH usameM parivartana sambhava nhiiN| itanA hI nahIM kintu vizeSAvazyaka ke kartA jinadAsa gaNi kSamAzramaNa ne to jinakalpa ke uccheda kI bhI ghoSaNA kara do / ye saba bAteM vastrAdi kI kaTTaratA ko sUcaka haiM, aura saMgha-bheda kI khAI ko caur3A karane vAlI haiN| 1. jaisA ki samaya sundaragaNi ke samAcArI zataka se spaSTa hai :-"zrIdevaddhi gaNi kSamAzramaNena zrIvIrAna prazIyadhika nava zatakavarSe jAtena dvAdazavarSIyadubhikSavazAt bahutarasAdhuvyApatyo ca jAtAyAM .."bhaviSyad bhavyalokopakArAma zruta bhaktae ca shriisNdhaagrhaa| mRtAvaziSTAdAkAlIma sarvasAdhUna valabhyAmAkArya muntakhAd vicchinnAvaziSTAn nyUnAdhikAn truTitA-buTitAn pAgamAlokAn anukrameNa svamamA saMkalayya pustakArUr3hAna kRtAH / tato mUlato garApara bhASitAnAmapi tatsakasanAnantaraM sarveSAmapi pAgamAn kartA dhIdevadhigariNa kSamAzramaNa eva jAtaH / " -samayasundara mariNa racita sAmAcArI zatake 2. Avelako dhammo purimarasa ya pacchimassa jisma / majjhimagANa jiNANaM hoI sacelo apalo ya / / -paMcAzaka 3. maraNaparamohi pulAe, mAhAraya-navaga ubasame kappe // saMjamatiya kevali sijharaNA ya jaMbummi bucchiNNA / / -vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 2563 isa ghoSaNA ke sambandha meM pa0 becaradAsa jI ne likhA hai-"gAthA meM likhA hai ki jambU ke samaya meM isa bAteM vizcheda ho gaI / isa prakAra kA ullekha to vahI kara sakatA hai jo jambUsvAmI ke bAda huA ho| yaha bAta meM vicAraka pAThakoM se pUchatA hU~ ki jambU mvAmI ke bAda kauna-sA 25vAM tIrthakara huA hai jisakA vacana rUpa yaha ullekha mAnA jAma? yaha eka nahIM kintu aise saMkhyAbaddha ullekha hamAre kula guruyoM ne pavitra tIrthaMkaroM ke nAma para car3hA diye haiN|" --jaMna sA0vi0 dhavA thayelI hAni pR.1.3

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 yahA~ eka bAta avazya vicAraNIya hai aura vaha yaha ki mahAvIra kI bIja pada rUpa vANI ko indrabhUti gautama ne dvAdazAMga sUtroM meM prathita kiyA aura usakA vyAkhyAna unhoMne sudharma svAmI ko kiyA, jo samAna buddhi ke dhAraka the / dvAdazAMga kI yaha racanA bha0 mahAvIra ke jIvana kAla meM aura usake bAda gaNadhara aura sAdhu paramparA meM kaNThastha rahI, usa samaya unameM vastra pAtrAdi poSaka koI nahIM kyoMki mahAvIra kI paramparA ke sabhI ziSyapraziSyAdi antarbAhya parigraha ke tyAgI nagna digambara the| ve saba usI yathAjAta mudrA meM vihAra karate the| mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt jaba indrabhUti kevala jJAnI hue taba unhoMne usa saba virAsata ko sudharma svAmI ko sauMpA, jo yathAjAta mudrA ke dhAraka the / indrabhUti ke nirvANa ke bAda sudharma svAmI kevalI hue| unhoMne bIra zAsana kI usa virAsata yA dharohara ko jambUsvAmI ko sauMpA, jo digambara mudrA ke dhAraka the| aura jambu svAmI ke kevalI aura nirvANa hone para vaha virAsata 5 zrutake valiyoM meM rahI / tathA unhoMne anya AcArya ko dvAdazAMga kI prarUpaNA kI hai cAra zruta kevaliyoM taka vaha virAsata avicchinna rahI usa samaya meM koI bhedajanaka ghaTanA na ghttii| kintu antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke samaya dvAdazavarSIya bhISaNa durbhikSa ke kAraNa paristhitivaza uttara bhArata meM rahane vAle sAdhuoM ko 'mUla paramparA ke viruddha AcaraNa karanA par3A, usase unheM moha ho gayA, vaha unheM sukhakara pratIta huI, isalie subhikSa hone para bhI unhoMne chor3anA na caahaa| jinhoMne chor3a diyA unhoMne prAyazcitta lekara pUrva zramaNa paramparA ko apanA liyA, ve sAdhu zravazya dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| kiMtu adhikAMza sAdhuoM ne AcAra-vicAra kI zithilatA ko jo madhyama mArga kI janaka thI, apanA liyA, aura kadAgrahavaza use chor3anA na caahaa| unhIM ke prAcAra vicAra kI zithilatA se saMgha bheda panapatA huA saMgharSa kA kAraNa bnaa| isa taraha mahAvIra kA nirmala zAsana do bhedoM meM vibhAjita humaa| usake bAda sAdhu paramparA meM barAbara zithilatA bar3hatI hI rahI aura prAja usakI bhISaNatA pahale se bhI adhika bar3ha gayI hai / digambara zvetAmbara saMgha meM bhI aneka saMgha gaNa-gacchAdi ke kAraNa aneka saMgha banate-bigar3ate rahe / prAja bhI ina donoM sampradAyoM meM saMgha gaNa gacchAdi kI vibhinnatA kaTutA kA kAraNa banI huI hai| aura usake kAraNa sampradAyoM meM vAtsalya kA bhI prabhAva ho gayA hai| apane-apane saMgha ke vibhinna gaNa- gacchAdi meM bhI vaisA vAtsalya dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| isameM kalikAla ke svabhAva ke sAtha kaluSAzaya vAle vyaktiyoM kA sadbhAva bhI eka kAraNa haiN| janasaGgha- paricaya 54 indranandi ke zrutAvatArAnusAra puNDravardhana puravAsI grAcArya dubalI pratyeka pAMca varSoM ke anta meM sau yojana meM basane vAle muniyoM ko yuga pratikramaNa ke lie bulAte the| eka samaya unhoMne aise pratikramaNa ke avasara para samAgata muniyoM se pUchA- kyA saba A ge| muniyoM ne uttara diyA- hAM, hama saba apane saMgha ke sAtha A gaye / isa uttara ko sunakara unheM lagA ki dharma va gaNa pakSapAta ke sAtha hI raha skegaa| zrataH unhoMne saMghoM kI racanA kii| jo muni guphA se Aye the unameM se kisI ko 'nandi' nAma diyA, aura unako 'vIra' jo azokavATa se Aye the / unameM se kucha ko 'aparAjita' aura kucha ko 'deva' nAma diyaa| jo paMcastUpa nivAsa se prAye the unameM se kucha ko 'sena' nAma diyA aura kucha ko 'bhadra' / jo zAlmali vRkSa mUla se prAye the, unameM se kinhoM ko 'guNadhara' aura kinhIM ko 'gupt'| jo khaNDakesaravRkSa ke mUla se prAye the unameM se kucha ko 'siMha' nAma diyA aura kinhIM ko 'candra' / indranandi ne apane isa kathana kI puSTi meM eka prAcIna gAthA bhI uddhRta kI hai : "prAyAto nandivoroM prakaTagiriguhAvAsato'zokavATA6 vAzcAnyo'parAvijita iti yatayo sena bhabrAhvayau ca / paJcastUpyAtsaguptau guNadharavRSabhaH zAlmalI vRkSamUlAt, niryAtau sihacandrau prathitaguNagaNau kesarAkhaNDapUryAt / / 66 prAcArya devasena ne darzanasAra meM zvetAmbara, thApanIya, dravir3a, kASThA saMgha, aura mAthura saMgha ina pAMcoM saMghoM ko jainAbhAsa batalAyA hai / 1. dekho, indranandizrutAvatAra zloka 61 se 15 taka 2. darzanasAra

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saMva-bheda bhaTTAraka indranandi ne apane nItisAra meM mahabalI prAcArya dvArA saMgha nirmANa kA ullekha kiyA hai| una saMghoM ke nAma siMha, satra, nandi saMgha, sena saMgha aura deva saMgha batalAye haiN| aura yaha bhI likhA hai ki inameM koI bheTa nahIM hai| isameM bhI nimna saMghoM ko jainAbhAsa batalAyA hai| unakI saMkhyA pAMca hai-gopUcchika, zvetAmbara, draviDa, yApanIya aura niH piccha / indranandi ne kahIM bhI kASThAsaMgha ko jainAbhAsa nahIM btlaayaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA saMgha, jo unake samaya aura unake bAda nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha ke rUpa meM prasiddha yA. bhadrabAha zrata kevalo ke samaya dakSiNa bhArata meM gayA thaa| vaha nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha hI thaa| vaha nigraMtha saMghahI bAda meM mUla saMgha ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha huA / isI mahAzramaNa saMgha kA dUsarA bheda zvetAmbara mahAzramaNa saMgha ke nAma se khyAta hunaa| kucha samaya bAda pahI nigrantha mUla saMgha vicAra-bheda ke kAraNa aneka aMtabhadoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| yApanIya saMgha, karcakasaMgha, draviDasaMgha, kASThAsaMgha aura mAthurasaMgha bhAdi ke nAmoM se vibhakta hotA gayA, pora gaNa-gaccha bheda bhI aneka hote gye| kintu mUla saMgha ina viSama paristhitiyoM meM bhI apane astitva ko kAyama rakhate hue, mora rAjyAdi ke saMrakSaNa ke abhAva meM, tathA zaMvAdi matoM ke AkramaNa Adi ke samaya bhImapane astitva ke rakhane meM samarSa rahA hai| antabheda kevala nirgrantha mahAzramaNa saMgha meM hI nahIM hue kintu zvetapaTa mahAzramaNa saMgha bhI apane aneka prantarbhadoM meM vibhakta huthA vidyamAna hai| pAra pAma saMpa ke do bhedoM meM vibhakta hone ke samaya jo sthiti bano vaha apane mantamadoM ke kAraNa aura bhI durbala ho gayA, kintu apanI mUla sthiti ko kAyama rakhane meM samartha rahA / mUlasaMdha mUla saMgha kaba kAyama huA aura use kisane kahA~ pratiSThita kiyA, isakA koI prAmANika ullekha nahIM milA / ahaMdvali dvArA sthApita saMghoM meM mUlasaMgha kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| siMha, nandi, sena aura deva ina saMghoM ko kisI ne jainAbhAsa nahIM btlaayaa| ye saMgha mUlasaMdha ke hI antargata haiN| isa kAraNa ye mUlasaMgha nAma se ullekhita kiye gaye haiN| malasaMgha kA sabase prathama ullekha 'noNa maMgala' ke dAna patra meM pAyA jAtA hai,jo jaina zi0saM0bhA0210 60-61 meM mudrita hai / yaha zaka saM0 347 (vi0 saM0 482) san 425 ke lagabhaga kA hai / jise vijayakIti ke liye uranara ke jina mandiroM ko koMgaNi varmA ne pradAna kiyA thaa| dUsarA ullekha pAltama (kolhApura) meM mile zaka saM0411 (vi0 saM0 516) ke dAna patra meM milatA hai, jisameM mUlasaMgha kAkopala prAmnAya ke siMhanandi muni ko pralaktaka nagara ke jaina mandira ke lie kucha grAma dAna meM diye haiN| dAnadAtA the pulakezI prathama ke sAmanta sAmiyAra / inhoMne jaMna madiroM kI pratiSThA karAI thI, aura gaMgarAjA mAdhava dvitIya tathA pravinIta ne kucha aura grAmAdi dAna meM diye the| koNDakundAnvaya kA ullekha vadana guppe ke lekha na054 bhA041028 meM pAyA jAtA hai| jo zaka se. 730 san 508 kA hai aura uttaravartI aneka lekhoM meM milatA hai| kauNDakundAnvaya kA ullekha markarA ke tAmrapatra meM pAyA jAtA hai, jisakA samaya zaka saM0 388 hai, para use sandeha kI koTi meM ginA jAtA hai| isameM koNhakundAnvaya ke sAtha dezIyagaNa kA ullekha milatA hai| kundakunda kA vAstavika nAma payanandi thaa| kintu koNDakunda sthAna se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa pe kundakunda ke nAma se prAsaddha hue| zilAlekha saMgraha ke dUsare bhAga meM prakAzita 10 aura 14 nambara ke lekhoM meM mUlasaMgha ke vIradeva' mora candranandi nAmaka do prAcAryoM ke nAma ullikhita haiN| mUlasaMgha meM aneka bahuzruta tArkikaziromaNi yogIza vidvAna prAcArya hue haiM jinhoMne vIra zAsana ko moka meM cmkaayaa| unameM kucha nAma pramukha haiM-kundakunda, umAsvAti (gRpicchAcArya) batAkapiccha, samantabhadra, devanandI, pAtrakesarI, sumatideva, zrIdatta, akalaMka deva, aura vidyAnanda praadi| 1. nItisAra zloka 6-7, tattvAnuzAsanAdi saMgraha pR0 55 2. dekho, jana lekha saM0 bhAga 2, pR0 55 aura 60

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56 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa---bhAga 2 isa saMgha ke antargata sAta gaNoM ke nAma milate haiM-devagaNa, senagaNa, dezogaNa, sUrastha gaNa, balAtkAragaNa, kANUragaNa aura nigamAnvaya / ina gaNoM kA nAmakaraNa muniyoM ke nAmAnta zabdoM se, tathA zAnta aura sthAna vizeSa ke kAraNa hue haiN| devagaNa-inameM devagaNa sabase prAcIna hai| isa gaNa kA astitva lakSmezvara se prApta cAra lekhoM meM (111, 113, 114 pora 156) se, tathA kaDavanti se prApta 11vIM zatAbdI ke eka lekha 193 se mAlUma hotA hai| isake pazcAta anya lekhoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM miltaa| isakA devagaNa nAma kese par3A, yaha tatkAlIna lekhoM se kucha jJAta nahIM hotA / saMbhava hai devAnta nAma hone se devagaNa saMjJA prApta huI ho| jaise udayadeva, (113) lAbhadeva, jayadeva vijayadeva mahAdeva, mahIdeva aura akalaMkadeva maadi| kucha vidvAn akalaMkadeva ko isa gaNa kA pratiSThApaka mAnate haiM / senagaNa-yaha gaNa bhI prAcIna hai| yadyapi isakA sabase pahalA ullekha mulagaNDa se prApta lekha naM0 137 (san 603) meM humA hai| para uttarapurANa ke racayitA guNabhadra ne apane guru jinasena pIra dAdA guru vIrasena ko senAnvaya kA vidvAna mAnA hai| kintu vIrasena jinasena ne apanI dhavalA jayaghavalA TIkA meM apane vaMza ko paMcastapAnvaya likhA hai| paMcastupAnvaya IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle nigrantha sampradAya ke sAdhunoM kA eka saMgha thaa| yaha bAta pahAr3apura ji0 rAjazAhI, baMgAla se prApta eka lekha se jAnI jAtI hai| paMcAstUpAnvaya kA senAnvaya ke rUpa sabase pahalA ullekha saMbhavataH guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa meM kiyA hai / isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jinasena isa gaccha ke prathama prAcArya the| isake bAda ke kisI prAcArya ne paMcastUpAnvaya kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| senagaNa tIna upabhedoM meM vibhakta huprA / pogarI yA hogirI gaccha, pustakagaccha aura candrakapATa / pogarIkaccha kA prathama ullekha' zaka saM0815 san 893 (vi0 saM0 150) ke lekha meM 'mUlasaMgha senAnvaya' pogarIgaNa ke prAcArya vijayasena ke ziSya kanakasena ko grAmadAna dene kA ullekha hai| dezIgaNa-koNDakundAnvaya ke sAtha prayukta hone vAle dezIyagaNa kA mUlasaMgha ke sAtha prayoga san 860I0 ke eka lekha meM pAyA jAtA hai| jo pahale tAmrapatra ke rUpa meM thA aura bahuta samaya bAda muni meghacandra vidyadeva ke ziSya vIranandI muni ne kucha logoM ke sAgraha se pASANotkIrNa karAyA thaa| meSacandra vidya deva aura vIranandI kI guru paramparA kA ullekha lekha naM041 meM pAyA jAtA hai| aneka zilAlekhoM meM desiya, dezika, desiga aura dezIya mAdi nAmoM se isa gaNa kA ullekha milatA haiN| deziya zabda deza zabda se banA hai, deza kA sAmAnya artha prAnta hotA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM kannar3a prAnta ke usa bhU-bhAMga ko, joki pazcimI ghATa ke ucca bhUmibhAga (bAlAghATa) aura godAvarI nadI ke bIca meM hai, deza nAma se kahA jAtA thaa| vahA~ ke nivAsI brAhmaNa aba bhI dezastha kahalAte haiN| isa gaNa ke mAdima prAcAryoM ke nAma ke sAtha 'bhaTTAraka' pada jur3A hamA hai| vIM zatAbdI ke aneka lekhoM meM muniyoM kI upAdhi bhadrAra yA bhadrAraka dI gaI hai| pazcAdvartI lekhoM meM isa gaNa ke prAcAryoM kI upAdhi siddhAntadeva, saMddhAntika yA vidya pAI jAtI hai| zilAlekhoM ke avalokana se jAnA jAtA hai ki karnATaka prAnta ke kaI sthAnoM meM isa gaNa ke aneka kendra the| unameM hanasoge (cikahanasoge) pramukha thaa| yahAM ke prAcAryoM se hI Age calakara isa gaNa ke hanasoge bali yA gaccha kA udbhava huA hai| gaccha kA artha zAkhA yA bali hotA hai| kannar3a zabda balaya yA balaga kA artha parivAra hotA hai| cika hanasoge ke zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vahA~ isa gaNa kI maneka vasadiyAM (maMdira) yoM, jinheM caMgAlva narezoM dvArA saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| dezIgaNa kA pramukha gaccha pustakagaccha hai| isakA ullekha adhikAMza lekhoM meM milatA hai / hanasogebali pustakagaccha kA hI eka upabheda hai| isa gaNa ko eka zAkhA kA nAma 'iMgulezvara bali hai| jisake prAcArya gaNa prAyaH kolhApura ke pAsa-pAsa rahate the| 1. jainalekha saM0 bhA04 lekha naM06150 36 / 2. dekho, jaina zilAlekha saM0 bhA0 4 lekha naM064 / 3. jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 4 le0 naM0 61 pR. 31 /

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jana-sagha paripatha sarasthagaNa-mUlasaMgha kA eka gaNa sUrastha nAma se prasiddha hai / lekha naM0185, 234, 266, 318,460 aura 541 se jJAta hotA hai ki ina lekhoM meM sUrasta, surASTra prathavA sUrastha nAma se ullekha hai| inameM anvaya aura gaccha Adi kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| isakA mUrastha nAma se par3A, isakA itivRtta jJAta nhiiN| isa gaNa kA pahalA ullekha naM0 185 meM hai jisameM mUlasaMgha ko dravir3Anbaya se yukta likhA hai| jAna par3atA hai, sUrasthagaNa pahale mUlasaMgha ke senagaNa se sambandhita thaa| athavA usa saMgha ke sAghugaNa mUla saMgha surastha gaNa meM sammilita rahe hoN| isa gaNa ke 11voM sadI ke pUrvArdha se lekara 13vIM zatAbdI taka ke lestra haiN| lekha naM. 266 meM jo zaka saM01046 kA hai, sUrasthagaNa ke vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| anantavIrya, bAlacandra, prabhAcandra, kalneleyadeva (rAmacandra ) aSTo patrAsi hemanandi, vinayanandi, ekavIra aura unake sadharmA palla paMDita (abhimaandaanik)| isameM hemanandi munozvara ko rAdhAntapAraga aura sUrasthagaNa bhAskara batalAyA hai| aura palla paMDita kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| hemananda ke ziSya vinayanandi the| balAtkAragaNa -kA ullekha lekha naM0208 (san 1075) ke lagabhaga milatA hai, jisameM isa gaNa ke citrakUTAmnAya ke muni municandra aura unake ziSya amantakoti kA ullekha hai| lekha naM0 227 (san 107 I.) meM isa gaNa ke katipaya muniyoM kI paramparA dI gaI hai| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-nayanandi, zrIdhara, zrIdhara ke candrakIti, zrutakIrti aura vaasupuujy| candrakIti ke nemicandra aura vAsupUjya ke padmaprabha / lekha ke anta meM isa gaNa kA nAma balAtkAragaNa diyA gayA hai| samAgama lAmAra gaNa kaba aura kaise par3A, isakA koI itivRtta mere dekhane meM nahIM paayaa| DA. gulAbacanda caudharI ne jaina zilAlekha saM0 tIsare bhAga kI prastAvanA ke pa062 para likhA hai ki nAma sAmya ko dekhate hae yApaniyoM ke balahAri yA balagAra gaNa se nikalA hai| kyoMki dakSiNApatha ke nandi saMgha meM 'balihAriyA balagAra' gaNa ke nAma pAe jAte haiM, kintu uttarApatha ke nandi saMgha meM sarasvato gaccha aura balAtkAra maNa ye do hI nAma milate haiN| 'valagAra' zabda sthAna vizeSa kA dyotaka hai| lagatA hai balagAra nAmaka sthAna se nikalane ke kAraNa 'balagAra' nAma khyAta huaA hogA / 'balagAra' nAma kA eka grAma bhI dakSiNa bhArata meM hai| 1 balagAra gaNa kA pahalA ullekha san 1071 kA hai| isameM mUlasaMgha nandisaMgha kA balagAra gaNa aisA nAma diyA hai| isameM varSamAna mahAvAdI vidyAnanda unake gurubandhu tArkikArka mANikyanandi-guNakIti-vimalacandraguNacanda gaNDa vimukta unake guru bandhu abhayanandi kA nAmollekha hai| aura kama naM0 155 meM abhayanandi-sakalacanda-gaNDa vimukta tribhuvanacandra / inameM guNakIti aura tribhuvanacandra ko mile dAnoM kA varNana hai| kintu balAtkAra zabda sthAnavAcI nahIM hai pratyuta jabaradastI kriyAnoM meM anurakta hone yA lagane Adi ke kAraNa isakA nAma balAtkAra huA jAna par3atA hai| 14vIM 15vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna bhaTTAraka padyanandI, jo bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke paTTa para pratiSThita hue the aura jo isa gaNa ke nAyaka the, sarasvatI kI pApANa mUti ko balAtkAra se maMtra zakti dvArA bulavAyA thA, isa kAraNa use balAtkAra kahA jAtA hai, aura gaccha 'sArasvata' nAma se khyAta huA hai| parantu yaha bAta bhI jI ko nahIM lagatI, kyoMki yaha ghaTanA arvAcIna hai| ye padmanandi vikrama kI 14-15vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM aura balAtkAra gaNa 1. tanmokho (?) vibudhAdhIzo hemanandi munIzvaraH / rAddhAnta-pArago jAtassUrastha-maraNa-bhAskaraH / / --jaina le0 saM0 mA02 10.400 2. dekho, miDiyAvala jainijma 10 327 3. padmanaMdI guruja to blaatkaargnnaagnnii| pASANaghaTitA yena vAditA zrIsarasvatI / / UrjayantagirI tena gAThaH sarasvato'bhavat / atastasmai munIndAya namaH zrI padmanandine // 2 4. jana lekha saM0bhA0 4 le0 154, 155, 50 102, pR. 111

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58 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 kA ullekha vi0 sa01097 (san 1030) meM zrInando ke ziSya dhIcandra ne kiyA hai| zrInando kA samaya zrIcandra se 20 varSa pUrva mAnA jAya to san 1010 meM balAtkAra gaNa kA ullekha humA hai| aisI sthiti meM ukta padamanandi ko balAtkAragaNa kA saMsthApaka nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| kyoMki yaha ghaTanA cAra sau-pAMca sau varSa pUrva ko hai| balAtkAra gaNa meM aneka vidvAna bhaTTAraka hue haiM aura unake paTTa bhI aneka sthAnoM para rahe haiN| isa kAraNa balAtkAra gaNa kA vistAra adhika rahA hai| isa gaNa ke bhaTTArakoM ne jainadharma ko sevA bhI kI hai| mahArASTra meM malakheDa kA pITha balAtkAragaNa kA kendra thaa| usakI do zAkhAe~ kAraMjA aura lAtUra meM sthApita huI thiiN| sUrata meM bhI balArakAra gaNa kI gahI thii| gvAliyara aura sonAgiri mAthura gaccha aura balAtkAragaNa ke kendra the aura hisAra mAyura gaccha kA samAna pITha thaa| balAtkAragaNa ke sAtha sarasvatI gaccha kA ullekha caudahavIM sadI se milatA hai| yaha lekha zaka saM0 1277 manmatha saMvatsara kA hai| isameM kundakundAnvaya, sarasvatI gaccha, balAtkAragaNa, mUlasaMgha ke amarakoti prAcArya ke ziSya, mAdhanandi vratI ke ziSya bhogarAja dvArA zAMtinAtha kI mUrti kI sthApanA kA ullekha hai| jaina zilAlekha saM0 bhA0 4 pR0288 para krama naM0 403, 404 aura pu0 305 meM kra0 434 na0 ke lekhoM meM kundakundAnvaya kI paramparA meM rAjA harihara ke samaya iruga daNDa nAyaka dvArA jina mandira ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai / mula saMgha balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka dharmabhUSaNa ke upadeza se immaDi bukka maMtrI dvArA kundana bolu nagara meM kUnyanAtha kA caityAlaya banavAye jAne kA ullekha hai| aura mUlasaMgha balAtkAragaNa sarasvato gaccha ke vardhamAna bhaTrAraka kI prArthanA para rAjA devarAya dvArA varAMga nAmaka grAma neminAtha maMdira ko diye jAne kA ullekha hai| kANaragaNa-isa gaNa ke tIna upabhedoM kA ullekha milatA hai--tintriNI gaccha, meSapASANa gaccha aura pustaka gaccha / isa gaNa kA pahalA ullekha dasavIM zatAbdI ke lekha (jaina zi0 saM0 bhA0 4 kramAMka na.86) meM milatA hai| tathA 14vIM zatAbdI ke anta taka ke ullekha upalabdha hote haiM / mUla saMgha ke deziya gaNa aura krANara gaNa kI apanI vasadiyAM (mandira) hotI thiiN| daDiga se prApta eka lekha meM likhA hai ki hoyasala senApati mariyAne aura bharata ne daDigaNakere sthAna meM pAMca sadiyAM banavAyI thoM unameM cAra basadiyAM deziyagaNa ke liye aura eka krANUra gaNa ke lie'| 14vIM zatAbdI ke bAda kANUragaNa kA prabhAva balAtkAragaNa ke prabhAvaka bhaTTArakoM ke samaya prabhAvahIna ho gyaa| kallUra guDDa ke lekha meM krANUragaNa ke prAcAryA kI vaMzAvalI nimna prakAra dI hai-dakSiNa dezavAso, gaGgarAjAnoM ke kula ke samuddhAraka zrI mUlasaMgha ke nAtha siMhanandi nAma ke muni the| usake pazcAt pahaMdalyAcArya, bemudadAma mandi bhaTTAraka, bAlacandra bhaTTAraka, medhacandra vidyadeva, guNacandra, paNDita deva / inake bAda zabdabrahma, guNandideva hue| inake bAda mahAna tArkika evaM vAdI prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva hue, jo mUlasaMgha koNDakunDAnvaya krANUragaNa tathA meSapASANa gaccha ke the| unake ziSya mAdhanandi siddhAntadeva, aura unake ziSya prabhAcandra hue| inake sadharmA ananta vIrya muni, municandra muni, unake ziSya zrutakIrti, unake ziSya kanakanandi vidya hue, jinheM rAjAoM ke darabAra meM tribhuvana-malla-vAdirAja kahA jAtA thA inake sadharmA mAdhavacandra, unake ziSya bAlacandra vidya the| kANUragaNa kI tintriNI gaccha kI prAcArya paramparA kA ullekha lekha na0 313, 377, 309, 408 aura 431 meM pAyA hai| rAmaNandi, padmaNandi, municandra municandra, ke bhAnukoti aura kulabhUSaNa (431 le0) bhAnukoti ke nayakIrti aura kulabhUSaNa ke sakalacandra hue| yApanIya saMgha kI sthApanA darzana sAra ke kartA devasena sUri ke kathanAnusAra vi. sa. 205 meM zrI kalaza nAma ke zvetAmbara sAdhu ne kI thii| arthAt yaha saMgha zvetAmbara-digambara bheda kI utpatti se lagabhaga 70 varSa 1. jaina eNTIkverI bhA06, praka21066 naM. 58 2. jana zi0 le0 saM0 mA0 250 416 3. kallANe baraNayare duNNisae paMrauttare jaade| jAvaNiya saMghabhAvo sirikalasAdo vdddo|| -darzanasAra 26

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jaina-sagha-paricaya 56. bAda ko utpanna huA hai| isase yaha to nizcita hai ki yaha saMna, saMgha bheda ke pazcAt sthApita huA thA / yaha saMgha dakSiNa bhArata kI dena hai, kyoMki jo sAdhu bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kaThora zAsana kA pAlana karate the, digambara sAdhuoM ke samAna nagna rahate the, mayUra picchI rakhate the, pANipAtra (hAtha) meM bhojana karate the, aura bhagna mUrtiyoM ke pUjaka the| kintu zvetAmbaroM ke samAna striyoM ko usI bhava se mukti mAnate the| savasra mukti aura kevalibhakti (kavalAhAra) bhI svIkAra karate the| zvetAmbara mAnya prAgamoM ko mAnate the, aura vandanA karane vAloM ko 'dharmalAbha' dete the| yadyapi inake dvArA mAnya AgamoM meM kucha pATha bheda the| yaha sampradAya digambara-zvetAmbaroM ke bIca ko eka kar3I thaa| isa saMgha meM aneka prabhAvazAlI vidvAna AcArya hue haiN| una vidvAnoM meM zivArya, aparAjita, pAlyakIrti (zAkaTAyana) mahAbIra aura svayaMbhU Adi pramukha haiN| saMbhavataH paumacariya ke kartA vimalasUri bhI yApanIya the| ___ yaha sampradAya rAjya mAnya thA / kadamba', cAlukya, gaMga, rASTrakUTa' aura raTTa vaMza ke rAjAoM ne isa saMgha ke sAdhuoM ko anekoM bhUmidAna diye the| kadamba baMza ke lekha naM. 66, 100 aura 105 se jJAta hotA hai ki usa vaMza ke prArambhika rAjAoM ke kAla meM yaha saMgha bar3A hI prabhAvaka thaa| kadamba nareza mageza varmA (sana 470460) ne palAsikA sthAna meM isa saMgha ko aura anya dUsare saMghoM-nirgrantha aura kurcakoM ke sAtha bhUmidAna dvArA satkRta kiyA thaa| isa rAjA ke putra ravivarmA ne isa saMgha ke pramukha AcArya kumAradatta ko 'purukheTaka' gAMva dAna meM diyA thaa|(100)| isI vaMza kI dUsarI zAkhA ke yuvarAja devazarmA ne bhI yApanIya saMgha ko kucha kSetroM kA dAna dekara sammAnita kiyA thaa| ra narezoM ke lekhoM se isa sampradAya ke do naye gaNoM kA patA calatA hai| kAreyagaNa aura kanDaragaNa kA / lekhana0 130 se vidita hotA hai ki raTTa vaMza ke prathama nareza pRthvIrAya ke guru indrakIti (guNakoti) ke ziSya mailApatIrtha kAreya gaNa ke the ! kAreyagaNa nizcita rUpa se yApanAma thaa| yaha jana eNTokvero se jJAta hotA hai| 152 na0 ke lekha meM bhI kAreyagaNa kA ullekha hai| isa sampradAya ke kaNDaragaNa kA ullekha raTTa rAjAoM ke lekha na016. aura 205 se jAnA jAtA hai| lekha naM0 160 meM yApanIya saMgha ke kanDaragaNa kI guruparamparA nimna prakAra prApta hotI hai:--devacandra, devasiMha, ravicandra, ahaNandi, zubhacandra, monideva aura prabhAcandra / laMkha naM0 205 meM kaNDaragaNa ke ravicandra aura arhaNandi kA ullekha hai| yApanIya saMgha ne dakSiNa bhArata ke jainadharma ke itihAsa meM mahatvapUrNa bhAga liyA thaa| isa saMgha kA prabhutva karnATaka ke uttarIya pradeza meM hone kA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| kAraNa ki karnATaka pradeza ke zilAlekhoM meM yApaniyoM ke sambandha meM aneka ullekha pAe jAte haiN| jabaki anya pradezoM ke lekhoM meM unakA abhAva hai| isa saMgha ne karnATaka pradeza meM janma lekara dhIre-dhIre apanI zakti ko bddh'aayaa| aura karnATaka ke aneka pradezoM meM rAjakIya tathA janatA kA saMrakSaNa prApta kiyaa| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki karnATaka ke dakSiNI bhAga meM, jisameM maisUra bhI zAmila hai, zilAlekhoM meM bhI yApaniyoM kA ullekha virasa hai| zravaNa belgola ke lekhoM meM yApaniyoM kA eka bhI ullekha nahIM miltaa| anveSaNoM ke pariNAma svarUpa jAna paratA hai ki hamtikerI, phalabhAvI, sauvanti, belagAMva, bIjApura, dhAravAra aura kolhApura pAdi pradezoM ke kucha sthAnoM meM mApaniyoM kA jora rahA hai| karnATaka ke samAna tamila prAnta meM bhI yApanIya sampradAya kA pracAra rahA hai aisA lename0143-14 se jJAta hotA hai| lekhana. 143 meM yApanIya sampradAya ke nandhi gaccha (saMSa) ke koTi majayagaNa kA ullekha hai paura usake prAcAryo-jinanandi, divAkara, zrImandiradeva kA nAma diyA gayA hai| zrImandiradeva karakAbharaNajinAlaya ke adhiSThAtA the| usa jinAlaya ke liye pUrvIya pAlukya vaMza ke mammarAja dvitIya ne senApati (phaTakarANa) durgarAja kI 1. karavaMzI rAjAbhoM ke dAna patra, janahitaMthI bhAga 14maka 7-8 / / 2. e.12 pR. 13-16 meM rASTra kaTarAjA prabhUta varSa kA dAna patra 3. jaina eNTIkverI bhAga 1, maka 29.68,69 meM aMkita ko leNa-(51-55) /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 prArthanA para ukta saMgha ke liye salimapuNDi nAma kA eka gAMva dAna meM diyA thaa| zrI mandiradeva yApanIya saMgha, koTi maDuva yA mavagaNa aura nandigaccha ke jinanandi ke praziSya aura divAkaranandi ke ziSya the| usI rAjA ke dUsare lekha naM0 144 meM ar3aka ligaccha balahArigaNa ke AcAryoM kI paMkti sakalacandra zravyapoTi, arhandi / zrarhanandi muni ko ammarAja dvitIya ne sarvalokAzraya jinAlaya kI bhojanazAlA kI marammata karAne ke liye prattalipANDa prAnta ke kalucumbarU nAma kA gAMva dAna meM diyA thA / yadyapi isa lekha meM spaSTa rUpa se yApanIya saMgha kA ullekha nahIM hai / kintu aDakali gaccha pIra balihArigaNa kA ullekha anyatra na milane se ve yApanIya sampradAya ke the / yApanIya saMgha ke antargata nandisaMgha eka mahatvapUrNa zAkhA thI, jo mUlasaMgha ke nandisaMgha se bhinna thI / yaha nandi saMgha kaI gAMvoM meM vibhAjita thaa| jAna par3atA hai saMgha vyavasthA kI dRSTi se use kaI bhedoM meM bAMTa diyA gayA thaa| unameM kanakopala sambhUta vRkSamUlagaNa (106) zrI mUlamUlagA ( 121 ) aura punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa ( 114) inameM punnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa pradhAna thA aura vaha usako prasiddha zAkhA rUpa meM khyAta thaa| gaNoM ke nAma katipaya vRkSoM ke nAma se sambandhita haiN| san 1108 ke 250 veM lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki ukta punnAgavRkSa mulagaNa ko mUlasagha ke antargata pAte haiN| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki vaha bAda meM mUlasaMgha meM antarbhukta ho gayA hai| zilAlekhoM meM nirdiSTa bahuta se sAdhu isI gaNa se sambaddha the| isake atirikta yApaniyoM ke bhI aneka gaNa the| do lekhoM (70 aura 131) meM kumudigaNa kA ullekha milatA hai| inameM se pahalA lekha navIM zatI kA hai aura dUsarA 1045 I0 kA hai / donoM meM jinAlaya ke nirmANa kA ullekha hai| isa saba vivaraNa se yApanIyasaMgha kI khyAti aura mahattA kA spaSTa bodha hotA hai / yaha saMgha dhvIM 10vIM zatAbdI taka sakriya rahA jAna par3atA hai / para bAda meM usakA prabhAva kSINa hone lgaa| isa saMgha ke muniyoM meM kIrti nAmAnta aura nandi nAmAnta nAma adhika pAye jAte haiM, vijayakoti, arkakIrti, kumArakIti, pAlyakIti zrAdi, candranandi kumAranandi, kIrtinandi, siddhamandi, arhanandi Adi / kintu yaha saMgha jisa 'uddezya ko lekara banA vaha apane usa mizana meM saphala nahIM ho skaa| aura anta meM apanI hIna sthiti meM digambara saMgha ke andara antabhu nata ho gayA jAna par3atA hai / belagAMva 'doDDavasti' nAma ke jaina mandira kI zrI neminAtha kI mUrti ke nIce eka khaDita lekha hai, jisasa jJAta hotA hai ki ukta maMdira yApanIya saMgha ke kisI pArisayyA nAmaka vyakti ne zaka 935 san 2013 (vi. saM. 1070) meM banavAyA thA aura ukta maMdira kI yApanIyoM dvArA pratiSThita pratimA isa samaya digamvariyoM dvArA pUjI jAtI hai' / yApaniyoM kA sAhitya bhI digambara sampradAya meM antarbhukta ho gayA / 1 mAvi saMgha -- drAviDa deza meM rahane vAle jaina samudAya kA nAma drAviDa saMgha hai| lekhoM meM ise dravir3a, draviDa, draviNa dramila, dravila, drAviDa mAdi nAmoM se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai / dravir3a deza vartamAna meM Andhra zrauramadrAsa prAnta kA kucha hissA hai| ise tamila deza meM bhI honA kahA jAtA hai| isa deza meM jaina dharma ke pahuMcane kA kAla bahuta prAcIna hai / isa deza meM sAdhuoM kA jarUra koI prAcIna saMgha rahA hogaa| prAcArya devasena ne darzanasAra meM drAviDa saMgha kI sthApanA pUjyapAda ke ziSya vajranandi ke dvArA dakSiNa mathurA meM vi0 saM0 526 meM huI likhA hai| vacanandi ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki usa duSTa ne kachAra kheta vasadi ora vANijya se jIvikA karate hue zItala jala se snAna kara pracura pApa kA saMcaya kiyA / kintu zilAlekhoM meM isa saMgha ke aneka pratiSThita AcAryoM ke nAma milate haiN| zrataH devasena ke ukta kathana meM sandeha utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai| mandira banavAne aura khetI bAr3I karane ke kAraNa isa saMgha ko darzana sAra meM jainAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| vAdirAja bhI drAviDa saMgha ke the / unako guru paramparA maThAdhIzoM kI paramparA 1. dekho, jainadarzana varSa 4 ka 7 2. siripujJapAdasIso dAviDasaMs kArago duho / nAmerA vajjapadI pADavedI mahAtyo / 25 pacaye bIse vikkamarAmA narapatassa / dakSiNa maharAjAdo dAvivasaMgha mahAmoho ||26 kaccha khetaM vasahi vANijjaM kArikaraNa jIvanto / vhatI sIyasa hIre pAvaM paraM ca saMvedi // 27 (darzanasAra)

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jana-saMgha-paricaya thii| ve mandira banavAne the, unakA jIrNoddhAra karAte the, muniyoM ke prAhAra kI vyavasthA karate the| inhIM vAdirAja ke samasAmayika mallipaNa the / inake maMtra-tatra vizyaka granthoM meM mAraNa-uccATana, vazIkaraNa, mohana, stambhana Adi ke aneka prayoga nihita haiN| jvAlAmAlinI kalpa ke kartA indranandiyogIndra bhI drAvir3a saMgha ke the / isa grantha kI utthAnikA meM likhA hai ki dakSiNa ke malaya deza ke hemagrAma meM drAviDasaMgha ke adhipati helAcArya the| unakI ziSyA ko brahmarAkSasa laga gayA thaa| isakI pIr3A dUra karane ke liye helAcArya ne jvAlA mAlinI kI sevA kI thii| devI ne upasthita hokara puchA-bayA cAhate ho ! muni ne kahA- mujhe kucha nahIM cAhiye, merI ziSyA ko graha mukta kara do| devI ke maMtra se ziSyA svastha ho gii| phira devI ke Adeza se helAcArya ne jvAlinImata ko racanA ko| isa saMgha ke adhikAMza lekha hoyasala narezoM ke haiN| isa saMgha ke prAcAryoM ne padmAvato devo ko pUjA, pratiSThA meM bar3A yogadAna kiyA thA / isa saMgha ke prAya: sabhI gAdhu vasadiyoM meM rahate the / dAna meM prApta jAgIra Adi kA prabandha karate the| cala grAma ke vamire devamandira meM zaka saM0 1047 kA eka zilAlekha hai jisameM drAviDa saMghIya inhIM vAdirAja ke vaMzaja zrIpAlayogIzbara ko hoyyasala vaMza ke viSNa varddhana poyyasala deva ne vasatiyoM yA jaina mandiroM ke jINoddhArArtha aura RSiyoM ke mAhAra-dAna ke liye zalya nAmaka grAma dAna meM diyA / vi0 saM0 1145 ke dubakaNDa ke zilAlekha meM kachavAhA vaza ke rAjA bitramasiMha ne pUjana saMskAra, kAlAntara meM TUTe phaTe kI marammata ke liye kara jamIna, vApikA sahita eka bagIcA aura muni janoM ke zarIrAbhyaMjana (tala mardana) ke liye do karaghaTikAeM dI ye saba bAteM bhI caityavAsa ke prAcAra kA uddhAvana karatI haiN| kacakasaMgha-karnATaka prAnta meM IsA kI pAMcavoM zatAbdI yA usake pahale jainiyoM kA eka sampradAya kacaMka nAma se khyAta thaa| jisakA astitva tathA kurcaka nAma kadambavaMzI rAjAoM ke lekhoM (68-66) se jJAta hotA hai| yaha sAdhuoM kA aisA sampradAya thA, jo dAr3I mUMcha rakhatA thaa| usake sAtha yApanIya aura zvetapaTa saMgha kA nAmollekha hai / prAcIna kAla meM jaTAdhArI aura nanna Adi aneka prakAra ke ajaina sAdhu the| isI taraha jainiyoM meM bhI aise sAdhunoM kA sampradAya yA jo dAr3o mUMcha rakhane ke kAraNa kUrcaka kahalAtA thA / goDa saMgha-paur3a saMgha kA ullekha eka hI lekha meM milatA hai| isa sambandha meM anya lekha dekhane meM nahIM praayaa| maur3a saMgha ke prAcArya somadeva ke liye cAlukya rAjA baddiga dvArA zubhadhAma jinAlaya ke banavAne kA ullekha hai| (ri0 i0 e0 1646-7 kra-158) kASThAsaMgha-mAthuragaccha devasena ne darzanasAra meM kASThAsaMgha kI utpatti dakSiNa prAnta meM, prAcArya jinasena ke satIrtha vinayasena ke ziSya kumArasena dvArA jo nandi taTa meM rahate the vi0 saM0 753 meM haI basalAI hai| aura kahA hai ki unhoMne karkaza keza arthAta gau ko pUMcha kI pIchI grahaNa karake sAre bAgar3adeza meM unmArga calAyA! kintu kASThAsaMgha ke saMsthApaka kumArasena kA samaya saM0753 batalAyA hai| vaha saMgata pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki vinayasena ke laghu guru bandhu jinasena ne 'jayaghavalA' TIkA zaka saM0756 san 837 meM banAkara samApta kI hai| ata: use vikrama saMvat na mAnakara zaka saMvata mAnane se saMgati ThIka baiTha jAtI hai| aura usake do sau varSa bAda arthAt vi0 saMvata 153 ke lagabhaga mathurA meM mAtharoM ke guru rAmasena ne ni:picchika rahane kA upadeza diyA aura kahA ki na mayUrapicchI rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai aura na gopicchI kii| sabhI saMghoM, gaNoM aura gacchoM ke nAma prAyaH dezoM yA nagaroM ke nAma para par3e haiN| jaise mathurA se mASarasaMgha, kASThA nAma ke sthAna se kASThAsaMgha / bulAkIdAsa ne apane vacana koza meM umAsvAmI ke paTTAdhikArI lohAcArya dvArA kASThAsaMgha kI sthApanA 1. jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 463 naM kA lekha 2. jaina grantha prayAsti saMgraha prathama bhAga tathA dhavalA pu. 1 prastAvanA pu0 35-36

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 62 agrohA nagara meM kI thI aisA likhA hai| para isakA koI prAcIna ullekha mere avalokana meM nahIM yAyA / kintu 16vIM 20vIM zatAbdI ke lekhoM meM lohAcArya ke anvaya kA ullekha milatA hai| aisI sthiti meM bulAkIdAsa kA likhanA vizvasanIya nahIM jAna par3atA / kATha kI pratimA ke pUjana se kASThAsaMgha nAma par3A, yaha kalpanA to nirAdhAra hai hI, kATha kI pratimA ke pUjana kA niSedha bhI mere dekhane meM nahIM AyA / kASThA nAma kA sthAna dillI ke uttara meM jamunA nadI ke kinAre basA thaa| jisa para nAgavaMziyoM kI TAMka zAkhA kA rAjya thaa| 14vIM zatAbdI meM 'madana pArijAta' nAma kA nibandha yahIM likhA gayA thaa| kASThAsaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM bhI lohAcArya kA nAma hai| aisI prasiddhi hai ki lohAcArya ne hI agravAloM ko di0 jaina dharma meM dIkSita kiyA thA / agravAloM kA ullekha karane vAle lekhoM meM kASThAsaMgha mora lohAcAryAnvaya kA nirdeza hai / isa saMgha ke AcArya zramitagati dvitIya ne apanI jo guru paramparA dI hai, usameM devasena, amitagati prathama, nemi peNa, mAdhavasena aura zramitagati dvitIya haiN| amitagati dvitIya ne apanI racanAeM saM0 1050 se 1073 taka banAI haiM / isI saMgha ke antargata amarakIrti ne jo guru paramparA dI hai vaha inhIM amitagati se zurU kI hai, amitagati, zAntiSeNa, amarasena, zrISeNa, candrakIrti, dhamarakIrti / bhramarakIrti ko racanAeM saM0 1244 se 1947 taka kI upalabdha haiM / inhIM amarakI ke ziSya indranandi ne zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra ke yoga zAstra kI TIkA zaka saM0 1980 vi0 saM0 1315 meM banAkara samApta kI thii| isase spaSTa hai ki kASThAsaMgha ke mAthurasaMgha kI yaha paramparA 1050 se 1315 taka calatI rahI hai| usake bAda isI paramparA meM udayacandra, bAlacandra aura vinayacandra hue| inhoMne apanI racanAoM dvArA apabhraMza sAhitya ko vRddhigata kiyA hai| udayacandra ne gRhastha avasthA meM sugandha dazamI kathA kI racanA lagabhaga 1150 I0 meM kI thii| usake bAda ve muni ho gae the| htoris meM nanditaTa, mAthura, bAgar3a aura lAla bAgar3ha ye cAra gaccha prasiddha the| jaisA ki bhaTTAraka surendrakIti kI paTTAvalI se spaSTa hai| ye cAroM nAma sthAnoM aura pradezoM ke nAmoM para rakkhe gae haiM / kumArasena nandi taTa gaccha ke the| aura rAmasena mAthura saMgha ke, jisakA vikAsa mathurA se huA hai| bAgar3a se vAgar3agaccha, aura lATa gujarAta aura bhAgar3a se lAla bAgar3agaccha / lATa aura bAgar3a bahuta samaya taka eka ho rAjavaMza ke bhAdhIna rahe haiN| mAthura saMgha ko jainAbhAsa, jIva rakSA liye kisI taraha kI pIchI na rakhane ke kAraNa kahA gayA hai| AcArya zramitagati dvitIya ke granthoM se aisA koI bhI bheda najara nahIM pAtA jisase unheM jainAbhAsa kahA jAya / darzanasAra kI racanA vi0 saM0 660 meM huI hai| mavida - isameM aneka vidvAna AcArya aura bhaTTAraka hue haiN| rAmasena narasiMha jAti ke saMsthApaka kahe gaye haiN| inake ziSya nemisena ne bhaTTapurA jAti kI sthApanA kI hai| bhImasena ke ziSya somakIrti ne saMvat 1532 meM bIrasema guru ke sAtha zItalanAtha mUrti kI pratiSThA ko somakIrti me sa0 1526-1531 aura 1536 meM pradyumnacarita, saptamyasana kathA aura yazodharacarita kI racanA kii| saM0 1540 meM eka mUrti kI pratiSThA kii| mIra sulatAna phirojazAha ke rAjyakAla meM pAvAgar3ha meM padmAvatI kI sahAyatA se AkAvA gamana kA camatkAra dikha laayaa| inake bAda anya aneka bhaTTAraka hue, jinhoMne jainadharma kI sevA kI / mAthura gaccha isa gaccha meM aneka granthakartA vidvAna hue haiN| isa gacha ke diyA jA cukA hai| naimiSeNa ke ziSya amitagati prathama ne yogasAra kI racanA kii| 1. velI, pabhosA kA sa0 1681 san 1824 kA lekha, jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 dharmapurA ke jaina mUrti lela manekAnta varSa 16. kirA 3 lekha maM0 10 11 12 meM lohA 2. kASThAsaM bhuviSayAta jAnanti surAsurAH / tatra gAzca catvAro rAjanle vizrutAH zrI nanvita saMjJA ca mAthuro sAla- haraye ke vikhyAtAH jisI || bAgAbhiSaH / kSitimaNDale / aneka vidvAnoM kA ullekha Upara mAghavasena ke ziSya pramitagati pU0 571-580 tathA gayA mandira kA ullekha hai /

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jaina-sadha-paricaya 63 dvitIya ne subhASita ratnasaMdoha dharmaparIkSA, paMcasaMgraha, tatva bhAvanA, upAsakAcAra, dvAtriMzatikA aura mArAdhanA grantha kI racanA kI / isa saMgha ke dUsare AcArya naM 1066 meM paramAra rAjA vijayarAja ke rAjyakAla meM RSabhanAtha kA mandira bnvaayaa| guNabhadra ne saM0 1226 meM vijolyA ke pArzvanAtha mandira kI vistRta prazasti likho / isa paramparA ke anya aneka bhaTTArakoM ne gvAliyara kile meM mUrti nirmANa aura yazaHkorti, malaya kIrti, guNabhadra aura raghU Adi ne aneka granthoM kI racanA kii| inameM yazaH kIrti ke guru guNakIrti bahuta prabhAvazAlI ye jinhoMne rAjA DUMgarasiMha Adi ko jainadharma kA zraddhAzIla bnaayaa| ina tomara vaMza ke zAsakoM ke samaya jahAM jaina dharma kA vistAra aura prabhAva rahA, vahA~ jainadharma kA prabhAva bhI janatA para rhaa| bAgaDagaccha-lADavAgaDa vAgaDa kA koI svatantra ullekha prApta nahIM huA / lADa gujarAta aura bAgar3a dono milakara lADavAgaDa gaccha huaa| isakA saMskRta nAma lATavargaTa hai| jayasena (1055) ne isako sambandha bhagavAna mahAvIra ke gaNadhara metArtha ke sAtha jor3A hai| isase yaha saMgha 10vIM zatAbdI se bhI pUrva kA jAna par3atA hai| isakA prabhAva gujarAta aura bAgaDa pradeza meM rahA hai| kintu bAda meM mAlavA aura dhArA aura usake Asa-pAsa ke pradezoM meM aMkita rahA hai| lATa nAgaDa saura punnATa saMtroM kI ekatA kA AbhAsa le0 na0 631 se pratIta hotA hai| aura lADa vAgaDa gaccha ke kavi pAmoM ke ullekha se usakI puSTi hotI hai| punnATa saMgha ke AcArya jinasena ne zaka saM0 705 meM vardhamAna pura ke pArzvanAtha tathA doTikA ke zAntinAtha mandira meM raha kara harivaMza purANa kI racanA kI thii| saMbhava hai dakSiNa ke mAnanIya nandi saMgha tathA punnAgavRkSa mUlaguNa ko arkakIrti ne apanA saMgha batalAyA hai| isase lagatA hai ki putrAga vRkSamUlagaNa punnATa kA hI rUpAntara ho / gummATa saMgha ke prAcArya hariSeNa ne samvat 686 meM vardhamAna pura meM bRhatkathA koSa kI racanA kI hai / zrIcandra ne lAibAgaDa saMgha kA ullekha kiyA hai| mahAsena ne bhI apane kA lADavAgar3a saMgha kA vidvAna sUcita kiyA hai| pradyumna carita meM inhoMne jayasena, guNAkara sena, mahAsena ke nAmollekha se apanI guru paramparA dI hai ! saM0 1145 ke druvakuNDa' ke lekha meM vijayakIrti ne devasena kulabhUSaNa durlabhasena, zramvarasena Adi vAdiyoM ke vijetA zAntiSeNa aura vijayakoti ke nAma diye haiN| isase yaha saMgha bhI prabhAvaka rahA hai| zilAlekha, mUrti lekha, tAmra patra aura prazastiyoM para se aura bhI saMgha, gaNa-gacchAdi kA patA cala sakatA hai / isa paricaya dvArA vi0 jainAcAryoM ke gaNa gacchAdi para saMkSipta prakAza par3atA hai| zrAge jina prAcAryoM, vidvAnoM aura bhaTTArakoM Adi kA paricaya diyA jAyagA, ve sava mAcArya inhIM saMghoM aura gaNa- gacchoM ke the /

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adhyAya 2 IsA pUrva tRtIya zatAbdI se lekara IzA kI caturtha zatAbdI taka ke vidvAna AcArya prAcArya dolAmasa (dhRtisena) muni kalyANa prAcArya guNadhara arhabalI dharasena mAghanandI saiddhAntika puSpadanta bhUtavalI madrabAhu (dvitIya) kundakundAcArya guNavIra paNDita umAsvAti samantabhava zivArya

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prAcArya daulAmasa (dhRtisena) aura muni kalyANa IsavI pUrva 326 san ke navambara mahIne meM sikandara (Alezander) ne aTaka ke nikaTa sindhu nadI ko pAra kiyA pIra vaha takSazilA meM Akara tthhraa| usa samaya takSazilA kA rAjA ambhi thaa| usane sikandara se bimA yuddha kiye hI usakI adhInatA svIkAra kara lI thii| usI kI sahAyatA se sikandara kI senA ne sindhu nadI ko pAra kiyA aura takSazilA meM pahu~ca kara apanI thakAna utaarii| usa samaya sikandara ne digambara jaina zramaNoM (muniyoM) ke ucca caritra, tapasvI jIvana, unnata jJAna aura kaThora sAdhanA ke sambandha meM aneka logoM se prazaMsA sunI thii| isase usake mana meM digambara jaina muniyoM ke darzana karane kI prabala AkAMkSA thii| jaba use yaha jJAta hamA ki nagara ke bAhara aneka nagna jana mAna ekAnta tapasyA kara rahe haiM, taba usane apane eka amAtya monesIkreTsa (Onesicrates) ko Adeza diyA ki tuma jAno aura eka jimnosAphisTa (Gymnosophyst) digambara jaina muni ko prAdara sahita livA laao| pronesIkreTsa bahA~ gayA, jahA~ jaMgala meM jaina muni tapasyA kara rahe the| vaha jaina saMgha ke prAcArya ke pAsa pahuMcA aura kahA-prAcArya ! prApako badhAI hai, Apako paramezvara kA putra samrATa sikandara, jo saba manuSyoM kA rAjA hai, apane pAsa bulAtA hai| yadi Apa usakA nimantraNa svIkAra karake usake pAsa caleMge to vaha pApako bahuta pAritoSika degA aura yadi Apa nimantraNa asvIkAra karake usake pAsa nahIM jAyeMge to sira kATa legaa| usa samaya zramaNa sAdhu saMgha ke prAcArya daulAmasa (Daulamus) (sambhavataH dhRtisena) sUkhI ghAsa para leTe hue the| unhoMne leTe hue hI sikandara ke amAtya kI bAta sunI aura muskarAte hue bole-sabase zreSTha rAjA balAt kisI kI hAni nahIM karatA / vaha prakAza, jIvana, jala, mAnava zarIra aura prAtmA kA banAne vAlA nahIM hai, aura na inakA saMhAraka hai| sikandara devatA nahIM hai, kyoMki usakI eka dina matyu avazya hogii| vaha jo pAritoSika denA cAhatA hai ve sabhI padArtha mere liye nirarthaka haiN| maiM to ghAsa para sotA hai| aisI koI vastu apane pAsa nahIM rakhatA jisakI rakSA kI mUjhe cintA karanI par3e, jisake kAraNa apanI zAMti kI nIMda bhaMga karanI pdd'e| yadi mere pAsa suvarNa yA anya koI sampatti hotI to maiM aisI nizcinta nIMda na le paataa| pRthvI mujhe mAvazaka padArtha pradAna karatI hai, jaise bacce ko usakI mAtA sukha detI hai| maiM jahA~ kahIM jAtA hU~ vahA~ mujhe apanI udara-pUrti ke liye kabhI nahIM / AvazyakatAnusAra saba kucha (bhojana) mujhe mila hI jAtA hai, kabhI nahIM bhI milatA to maiM usakI kucha cintA nahIM krtaa| yadi sikandara merA sira kATa DAlemA, to vaha merI prAtmA ko to naSTa nahIM kara sktaa| sikandara apanI dhamakI se unako bhayabhIta kare jinheM suvarNa, dhana mAdi kI icchA ho, yA jo mRtyu se Darate hoN| sikandara ke ye donoM astra-prAdhika lobha-lAlaca tathA matyU-bhaya hamAre liye zaktihIna hai-vyartha haiN| kyoMki hama na suvarNa (sonA) cAhate haiM aura na mRtyu se Darate haiN| isalie jAgo aura sikandara se kaha do ki daulAmasa ko tumhArI kisI bhI vastu kI aAvazyakatA nahIM hai / ata: vaha (daulAmasa )tumhAre pAsa nahIM praavegaa| yadi sikandara mujhase koI vastu cAhatA hai to vaha hamAre samAna bana jaaye| pronesIkreTsa ne sArI bAteM samrATa se khiiN| sikandara ne socA jo sikandara se bhI nahIM baratA, vaha mahAn hai, usake mana meM prAcArya daulAmasa ke darzanoM kI utsukatA jAgata hii| usane bAkara prAcArya mahArAja ke darzana kiye| vaha ja nayoM ke AcAra-vicAra, jJAna aura tapasyA se bar3A prabhAvita hmaa| usane apane deza meM aise

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66 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 kisI sAdhu ko le jAkara jJAna pracAra karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| vaha kalyANa ( Klas ) muni se milA aura unase yUnAna calane kI prArthanA kii| muni kalyANa AcArya dIlAmasa ke saMgha ke eka ziSya sAdhu the| unhoMne usako prArthanA svIkAra kara lI / parantu AcArya mahodaya ko kalyANa kA yUnAna jAnA sambhavataH pasanda na thA / jaba sikandara takSazilA se apanI senA ke sAtha yUnAna ko lauTA, taba kalyANa muni bhI usake sAtha vihAra kara rahe the| muni kalyANa ne eka dina mArga meM hI sikandara kI mRtyu kI bhaviSyavANI kii| muni ke vacanoM ke anusAra hI lona pahu~cane para I0 pU0 323 meM aparAnha velA meM sikandara kI mRtyu ho gaI / mRtyu se pahale sikandara ne muni mahArAja ke darzana kiye aura unase upadeza sunA / samrAT kI icchAnusAra yUnAnI kalyANa muni ko Adara ke sAtha yUnAna le gye| kucha varSoM taka unhoMne yUnAniyoM ko upadeza dekara dharma pracAra kiyA / anta meM unhoMne samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| unakA zava rAjakIya sammAna ke sAtha citA para rakha kara jalAyA gayA / kahate haiM, unake pASANa caraNa ethensa meM kisI prasiddha sthAna para bane hue haiM / usa samaya takSazilA meM aneka digambara muni rahate the| isa bAta kI puSTi aneka itihAsa granthoM se hotI hai| sikandara ne jaba zronesIkreTsa ko digambara muniyoM ke pAsa bhejA, usakA kahanA hai ki usane takSazilA meM 20 sTaiDIja dUrI para 15 vyaktiyoM ko vibhinna mudrAoM meM khar3e hue baiThe hue yA leTe hue dekhA, jo bilkula nagna the / ve zAma taka ina grAsanoM se nahIM hilate the| zAma ke samaya zahara meM A jAte the| sUrya kA tApa sahanA sabase kaThina kArya hai / parantu zrAtApana yoga kA abhyAsa karane vAle munijana isako zAnti ke sAtha sahana karate the / pariSaha sahiSNu bana kara hI munijana karmakSaya ke yogya grAtma-zakti ko saMcita karate the / zrAcArya guNadhara- -Plutarch-A.I-P. 71 - ( plUTArca, eMziyaMNTa iMDiyA pR0 71 ) je kAya pAhuNe ya-jaya mujjalaM zraNaM tatthaM / gAhAhi vivariyaM taM guNahara bhaTTArayaM vaMde / trealAyAM vIra senaH se ve apane samaya ke viziSTa zAnI vidvAn the / ve pAMcaveM jJAnapravAda pUrva sthita dazamavastu ke tIsare pejjadosa pAhuDa ke pAragAmI the| unheM pejjadosa pAhuDa ke atirikta mahAkammapayaDi pAhuDa kA bhI jJAna thaa| ukta pAhuDa sambandha rakhane vAle vibhakti, bandha, saMkramaNa aura udaya udIraNA jaise pRthak pradhikAra diye haiN| inakA mahAkamma paryA pAhuDa ke caubIsa anuyoga dvAroM se kramaza: chaThe, dazaveM aura bArahaveM anuyoga dvAroM se sambandha hai| mahAkarma prakRti pAhuDa ki guNadhara kA 24 va alpabahutva anuyogadvAra bhI kasAya pAhuDa ke adhikAroM meM vyApta hai| isase spaSTa mahAkarma prakRti ke bhI jJAtA the / inhoMne aMgajJAna kA dina-pratidina lopa hote dekhakara zrutaviccheda ke bhaya se aura pravacana vAtsalya se prerita hokara 180 gAthA sUtroM meM usakA upasaMhAra kiyA aura usa viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie 53 vivaraNa gAthAoM kA bhI nirmANa kiyA / ataH 53 vivaraNa gAthAoM sahita usakI saMkhyA 233 gAthAoM ke parimANa ko liye ho gaI / prastuta grantha kA nAma pejjadosa pAhuDa hai| pejja kA artha rAga zrIra dosa kA zrayaM dveSa hai| ataH isameM rAga-dveSa-moha kA vivecana karane ke liye karmoM kI vibhinna sthitiyoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| rAga-dveSa krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobhAdika doSoM kI utpatti, sthiti, tajjanita karmabandha aura unake phalAnubhavana ke sAthasAtha una rAgAdi doSoM ko upazama karane -- davAne, unakI zakti ghaTAne, kSINa karane grAtmA meM se unake astitva ko miTA dene, nUtana aMdha rokane aura pUrva meM saMcita kaSAya mala cakra ko kSINa karane- usakA rasa sukhAne - pora zrAtmA ke zuddha evaM sahaja vimala akaSAya bhAva ko prApta karane kA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai / moha karma mAtmA kA sabase prabala zatru hai, rAga-dveSAdika doSa moha karma ko hI paryAya haiN| karma kisa sthiti meM aura kisa kAraNa se AtmA ke sAtha sambandha ko prApta hote haiM, unake sambandha se AtmA meM kaise sammizraNa hotA hai aura unameM kisa -

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guragapara patalAyepAla vivistAra taraha phaladAna kI zakti utpanna hotI hai aura karma kitane samaya taka prAtmA ke sAtha saMlagna rahate haiM Adi kA vistata. aura spaSTa vivecana kiyA gayA hai / grantha solaha adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai-1. pejjadosa vibhakti - isa adhikAra meM saMsAra meM paribhramaNa kA kAraNa karma bandha batalAyA hai aura usa karmabandha kA kAraNa hai rAga-dveSa / rAgadveSa kA hI dUsarA nAma kaSAya hai| isake svarUpa aura bheda-prabhedoM kA isama vistAra pUrvaka kathana kiyA gayA hai| 2. sthiti vibhakti-prathama adhikAra meM prakRti vibhakti, sthiti vibhakti prAdi chaha avAntara adhikAra batalAye haiN| unameM prakRti vibhakti kA varNana prathama adhikAra meM diyA hai / aura karmaprakRti kA svarUpa, kAraNa evaM bheda-prabhedoM kA isameM varNana hai| 3. anubhAga vibhakti-karmoM kI phala-dAna-zakti kA pratipAdana isa adhikAra meM kiyA gayA hai| isameM pradezA, kSINAkSINa paura sthityantaka ye tIna avAntara adhikAra haiN| 4. bandha adhikAra- jIva ke mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ke nimitta se pudgala paramA. NunoM kA karmarUpa se pariNamana hokara jIva ke pradezoM ke sAtha ekakSetra rUpa se baMdhane ko baMdha kahate haiN| isa adhikAra meM karmabandha kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 5. saMkrama adhikAra-baMdhe hue karmoM kA yathAsambhava apane avAntara bhedoM meM saMkrAnta yA parivartita hone ko saMkrama kahate haiM / bandha ke samAna saMkrama ke bhI cAra avAntara adhikAra haiN| prakRti saMkrama, sthiti saMkrama, anubhAga saMkrama aura pradeza sNkrm| 6, bevaka adhikAra mohanIya karma ke phalAnubhavana kA varNana isa adhikAra meM kiyA gayA hai| karma apanA phala udaya aura udIraNA se bhI dete haiN| sthiti ke anusAra nizcita samaya para karma ke phala dene ko udaya kahate haiM / aura upAya vizeSa se asamaya meM hI nizcita samaya ke pUrva phala dene ko udIraNA kahate haiM / yathA--pAna kA samaya para paka kara svayaM giranA udaya hai, aura pakane se pUrva hI use tor3akara pAla Adi meM pakA denA udIraNA hai| udaya aura udIraNA kA aneka anuyoga dvAroM se vivecana kiyA gayA hai|| 7. upayoga adhikAra- jIva ke krodha, mAna, mAyAdi rUpa pariNAmoM ke hone ko upayoga kahate haiN| isa adhikAra meM krodhAdi cAroM kaSAyoM ke upayoga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| aura batalAyA gayA hai ki eka jIva ke eka kaSAya kA udaya kitane kAla taka rahatA hai / kaSAya aura jIva ke sambandhoM kA vibhinna dRSTikoNoM se vive. cana kiyA hai| 8. catuHsthAna adhikAra isa adhikAra meM zakti kI apekSA kaSAyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| krodha cAra prakAra kA hai-pASANa rekhA ke samAna / jisa taraha pASANa para khIMcI gayI rekhA bahuta samaya ke bAda miTatI hai, usI prakAra jo krodha tIvra rUpa meM adhika samaya taka rahane vAlA ho, vaha pASANa rekhA ke tulya hai| yahI krodha kAlAntara meM zatrutA ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| pRthvI, dhUlI aura jala rekhAyeM uttarottara kama samaya meM miTatI haiN| isa prakAra zrodha bhI uttarottara kama samaya taka rahatA hai tathA usakI zakti meM bhI tAratamya nihita rahatA hai| usI taraha anya kaSAyoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 1. vyaMjana adhikAra- vyaMjana zabda kA artha 'paryAyavAcI zabdoM kA nirUpaNa karanA hai| isa adhikAra meM krodha ke paryAyavAcI roSa, akSamA, kalaha, vivAda, kopa, saMjvalana, dveSa, jhaMjhA, buddhi aura krodha ye daza zabda haiM / gussA ko krodha yA kopa kahate haiN| krodha ke grAveza ko roSa, zAnti ke prabhAva ko prakSamA, sva aura para donoM ko jalAvesantApa utpanna kare use saMjvalana, dUsare se lar3ane ko kalaha, pApa, apayaza aura zatrutA kI vRddhi karane ko vRddhi pratyanta saMkleza pariNAma ko jhajhA, grAntarika aprIti yA kaluSatA ko dveSa, evaM spardhA yA saMgharSa ko vivAda kahA hai| mAna ke mAna, mada, darpa stambha aura paribhava prAdi / mAyA ke mAyA, nikRti vaMcanA, sAtiyoga paura manujUtA prAdi, lobha ke lobha, rAga, nidAna. preyasa, mUchI mAdi / kaSAya ke vividha nAmoM dvArA aneka jJAtavya bAtoM para nayA prakAza par3atA hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 10. darzana mohopazamanA adhikAra- darzana mohanIya karma jIva ko apane svarUpa kA darzana, sAkSAtkAra yA yathArtha pratIti se rokatA hai| ataH usake upanAma hone para kucha samaya ke liye usakI zakti ke daba jAne para jIva apane vAstavika jJAna-darzana svarUpa kA anubhavatA hai jisase ha nAlI zAmada kI upalabdhi hotI hai| isa pradhikAra meM darzanamoha ko upazama karane kI prakriyA varNita hai| 11. varzanamohakSapaNA adhikAra-darzanamoha kA upazama hone para bhI kucha samaya ke pazcAt usakA udaya mAne se jIvAtmA grAtmadarzana se vaMcita ho jAtA hai| prAtma sAkSAtkAra sadA banA rahe, isake liye darzanamoha kA kSaya karanA mAvazyaka hai| darzanamoha kI kSapaNA kA prArambha karmabhUmi meM utpanna manuSya hI kara sakatA hai kintu usako pUrNatA cAroM gatiyoM meM ho sakatI hai / prastuta adhikAra meM darzanamoha ke kSaya karane kI prakriyA kA varNana hai| 12. saMyamAsaMyama lamdhi-adhikAra-AtmasvarUpa ke sAkSAtkAra ke pazcAt jIva mithyAtva rUpI kIcar3a se nikala AtA hai aura viSaya-vAsanA rUpI paMka meM punaH lipta na ho isa kAraNa deza saMyama kA pAlana karane lagatA hai| isa adhikAra meM deza saMyama ko prApti, sambhAvanA aura usakI vighna-bAdhAmoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prAtmazodhana ke mArga meM agrasara hone ke lie isa adhikAra kI upayogitA adhika hai| saMyamAsaMyamalabdhi ke kAraNa ho jIva pratAdi ke dhAraNa karane meM samartha hotA hai| 13. saMcamalabdhi pradhikAra-yAtmA kI pravRtti hiMsA, asatya, caurya, prabrahma aura parigraha se haTa kara ahiMsA, satya prAdi pratoM ke anuSThAna meM saMlagna ho ske| kyoMki prAtmotthAna kA sAdhana saMyama hI hai| isakA vivecana prastuta adhikAra meM kiyA gayA hai| 14. cAritra mohopazamanA adhikAra-isameM cAritramohanIya karma ke upazama kA vidhAna batalAte hue upazama, saMkramaNa aura udIraNAdi bheda-prabhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| 15. cAritra mohakSapaNA adhikAra-cAritra mohanIya karma kI pravRttiyoM kA kSaya krama, kSaya kI prakriyA meM hone vAle sthitibandha aura sabhI tattvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| "isa kaSAya pAhaDa para prAcArya yatibaSabha ne chaH hajAra zloka pramANa caNisUtroM kI racanA kii| jo kaSAya pAhuDa sutta ke sAtha vIra zAsana saMgha kalakattA se prakAzita ho cuke haiN| isa grantha para aura bhI aneka TIkAeM rahI haiM, kintu ve isa samaya upalabdha nahIM haiM ! hA~, vIrasena jinasena dvArA likhita jayadhavalA TIkA prApta hai, jo pAka saMvat 756, san 837 meM racI gaI hai aura jisakA prakAzana bhA0 di. jaina saMgha mathurA se ho rahA hai / samaya vicAra prAcAryapravara guNaghara meM apanI guru-paramparA kA koI ullekha nahIM diyA aura na grantha kA racanA-kAla hI diyA hai| anya kisI paTTAvalI Adi se bhI gaNadhara kI guru-paramparA kA bodha nahIM hotaa| arhavalI yA guptigupta dvArA sthApita saMghoM meM eka saMgha kA nAma guNadhara saMdha hone se guNazvara kA samaya ahaMvalI se pUrvavartI hai, kyoMki mahaMbalI ko guNadhara kI usa paramparA kA jJAna nahIM thaa| prAkRta paTTAvalI meM ahaMvalI kA samaya vora-nirvANa saMvat 565 san 38 hai| gharasenAcArya to mahaMbalI ke samasAmayika haiM, kyoMki yuga pratikramaNa ke samaya do suyogya vidvAn sAdhunoM ko jo grahaNa-dhAraNa meM samartha the dharasena ke pAsa bhejA thaa| yadi arhabalI ko guNadhara kI guruparamparA kA jJAna hotA to ve apane ziSyoM se usakA ullekha avazya karate / adhika samaya bIta jAne ke kAraNa unakI paramparA kA jJAna nahIM rahA, para unake prati bahumAna avazya rhaa| kintu guNadhara kI paramparA ko paryApta yaza marjana karane para hI 'guNagharasaMgha' saMjJA prApta huI hogii| yadi usa yaza arjana kA kAla sau varSa mAnA jAya to guNadhara kA samaya IsvI pUrva dvitIya zatAbdi siddha hotA hai| bahabalI-- inakA dUsarA nAma bhUptigupta bhI thA / ye aMga pUrvI ke ekadezapAThI aura ArAtIya prAcAryoM ke bAda hae haiN| ye pUrva deza meM sthita puNDravardhanapura ke nivAsI, aura aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke jJAtA, saMgha ke 1. zrImAnazeSanaranAyakavanditAdhi zrIguptigupta iti bidhuta nAmadheyAH ||jndi saMgha paTTAvalI

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69 arhavalI tapasvI, vidvAna aura nigraha anugraha karane meM samartha prAcArya the / usa samaya puNDravardhana nagara ke jaina zramaNa saMgha nAyaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha the| usa samaya saMgha meM aneka vidvAna tasvare vidyamAna the, jo dhyAna aura adhyayana Adi meM tatpara rahate the / inake samaya taka mUla digambara paramparA meM prAyaH saMgha-bheda prakaTa rUpa meM nahIM huA thaa| usa samaya deza meM sthita veNNA nadI ke kinAre base hue vaiSNA nagara meM paMcavarSIya yuga pratikramaNa ke samaya eka bar3A yati sammelana huA thA, jisameM sau yojana taka ke muni gaNa sasaMgha sammilita hue the| usa samaya candraguhA nivAsI AcArya dharasena ne apanI zrAyu alpa jAna grantha- vyucchitti ke bhaya se eka patra brahmacArI ke hAtha ukta sammelana meM jise par3hakara Adarza balI ne grahaNa dhAraNa meM samartha do muniyoM ko dharasenAcArya ke pAsa bhejA thA jo prAyaNI pUrva sthita paMcama vastugata caturtha mahAkarma prakRti prAbhRtajJa the, aura vRddha tapasvI the| aMga pUrvo kA eka deza jJAna unheM AcArya paramparA se prApta huA thaa| sambhavata valI una muniyoM ke dIkSA guru rahe hoM 1 AcArya dharasena ne una donoM muniyoM ko zubha vAra zrIra zubha nakSatra meM grantha kA par3hAnA prArambha kiyA thA / vividha saMghoM kI sthApanA AcArya arhadbalI ne ukta sammelana meM samAgata sAdhukoM se pUchA Apa saba loga zrA gye| taba unhoMne kahA-- hama apane-apane saMgha sahita yA ge| una sAdhuoM kI bhAvanAoM se pakSapAta evaM zrAgraha kI noti jAnakara, 'nandi', 'vIra', 'aparAjita', 'deva', 'paMcastUpa', 'sena', 'bhadra', 'guNadhara', 'gupta', 'siMha' aura 'candra' Adi nAmoM se bhinna-bhinna saMgha sthApita kiye| jisase unameM ekatA tathA apanatva kI bhAvanA, dharmavAtsalya aura prabhAvanA ko abhivRddhi banI rhe| isase alI muni saMgha pravartaka, kahe jAte haiN| ve paMcAcAra ke svayaM pAlaka the / zrahaMlI se pUrva sambhavataH saMghoM ke vividha nAma nahIM the| vividha saMghoM kI sthApanA aMbalI ke samaya se huI hai| unase pUrva vaha jaina nirgrantha saMgha ke nAma se vidhuta thA / prAkRta paTTAvalI ke anusAra inakA samaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 565 ( vi0 saM0 15 ) IsvI san 38 haiM / aura yaha kAla 28 varSa batalAyA hai| yahA~ yaha bAta khAsa taura se vicAraNIya hai ki prAcArya arhavalI ko dharasena aura guNadhara kI guru paramparA kA jJAna na thA, kintu unake prati hRdaya meM bahumAna avazya thA / sambhava hai, unakI kRti 'kasAyapAhUDa' usa samaya vidyamAna thI / isIse unhoMne 'guNaghara' nAma kA saMgha bhI kAyama kiyA thaa| guNadhara kA samaya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha jAna par3atA hai / tiloya paNNattI aura dhavalAdi granthoM meM jo zruta paramparA dI hai, vaha lohArya taka hai| unameM mahaMdu bali, dharasena, mAdhanandi aura puSpadanta bhUtabalI kA ullekha nahIM hai| inake anusAra inakA samaya lohArya ke bAda par3atA hai| 1. sarvAGga dezaka dezavitpUrva deza madhyagate / zrI puNDravardhanapure munirajani tato'haMduvatyAkhyaH // 85 sa catatprasAraNA dhAraNA vizuddhAti satkiyo yuktaH / aSTAMga nimittajJaH saMdhAnugraha nigraha samartha: // 56 Asta saMvatsarapaJcakAvasAne yuga pratikramaNam / kurvanyojanazatamAtratamunijanasamAjasya // 87 atha so'yadA yugAnte kurvan bhagavAnyugapratikramaNam / / munijanavRndamapRcchatika sarve'pyAgatA yata // 88 - indranadi zrutAvatAra 2. kyoMki zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha 105 meM puSpadanta aura bhUtajali ko spaSTa rUpa se saMbhabhedako avalo ziSya kahA hai / 4. indranandinAvatAra - 61 zloka se 66 zloka taka ke patha--- indranandi zrutAvatAra | 2. indranadi zrutAvatAra

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70 jana dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 prAcArya dharasena pasiyau maha dharaseNo pr-vaai-gmoh-vaann-brsiiho| siddhnaamiy-saayr-trNg-sNdhaay-dhoy-mnno||| muni puMgava dharasena saurASTra (gRjarAta kAThiyAvAr3a) deza ke girinagara kI candraguphA ke nivAsI, aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI vidvAna the| unheM aMga prAra pUrvo kA ekadeza jJAna prAcArya paramparA se prApta humA thaa| prAcArya gharasena agrAyaNI pUrva sthita pacama vastu gata caturtha mahAkarma prakRti prAbhUta ke jJAtA the| unhoMne pravacana vAtsalya se prerita ho aMga-zruta ke viccheda ho jAne ke bhaya se kisI brahmacArI ke hAtha eka lekha dakSiNApatha ke prAcAyoM ke pAsa bhejaa| lekha meM likhe gae dharasenAcArya ke vacanoM ko bhalI bhAMti samajha kara unhoMne grahaNadhAraNa meM samartha, deza-kula-jAti se zuddha aura nirmala binaya se vibhUSita, samasta kalAoM meM pAraMgata do sAdhanoM ko prAnghra deza meM bahane vAlI veNA nadI ke taTa se bhejaa|| mArga meM una donoM sAdhunoM ke prAte samaya, jo kunda ke pUSpa, candramA aura zaMkha ke samAna sapheda varNa vAle haiM, samasta lakSaNoM se paripUrNa haiM, jinhoMne prAcArya dharasena kI tIna pradakSiNA dI haiM, aura jinake aMga namrIbhUta hokara prAcArya ke caraNoM meM par3a gae haiM aise do bailoM ko dharasena bhaTTAraka ne rAtri ke pichale bhAga meM svapna meM dekhaa| isa prakAra ke svapna ko dekha kara santuSTa hue dharasenAcArya ne 'zruta devatA jayavanta ho aisA vAkya uccAraNa kiyaH / .. usI dina dakSiNA patha se bheje hue donoM sAdhu dharasenAcArya ko prApta hue| dharasenAcArya kI pAda vandanA mAdi kRti' karma karake tathA do dina bitA kara tIsare dina una donoM sAdhanoM ne dharasenAcArya se nivedana kiyA ki isa kArya se hama donoM Apake pAdamula ko prApta hue haiN| una donoM sAdhanoM ke isa prakAra nivedana karane para 'acchA hai, kalyANa ho, isa prakAra kaha kara dharasenAcArya ne una donoM sAdhunoM ko AzvAsana diyaa| dharasenAcArya ne unakI parIkSA lI, eka ko adhikAkSarI aura dUsare ko honAkSarI vidyA batA kara unheM SaSThopavAsa se siddha karane ko kahA / jaba vidyAeM siddha haI to eka bar3e dAMtoM vAlI aura dUsarI kAnI devI ke rUpa meM prakaTa huii| unheM dekha kara catura sAdhakoM ne mantroM kI truTi ko jAnakara akSaroM kI kamI-vezI ko dUra kara sAdhanA kI to phira deviyAM apane svAbhAvika rUpa meM prakaTa huii| ukta donoM muniyoM ne gharasena ke samakSa vidyA-siddhi sambandhI saba battAnta nivedana kiyA, taba dharasenAcArya ne kahA - bahuta acchA / isa prakAra santuSTa hue dharasena bhaTTAraka ne zubha tithi, zubha nakSatra aura zubha vAra meM grantha kA par3hAnA prArambha kiyA / dharasena kA adhyApana kArya prASAr3ha mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI ekAdazI ke pUrvAha kAla meM samApta humaa| ataeva santuSTa hue bhUta jAti ke vyantara devoM ne una donoM meM eka kI puSpAvalI se tathA zaMkha aura tUrya jAti 1. nado sambesi -pubvANamegadezo AiriyaparamparAe mAgacchamAyo dharaseraNAhariyaM sNptto| -dhavalA. pu0 1 0 63 / 2. soraThTha-visara-giriNayara-paTTaNa-caMdagRhA-TieNa aTaThaMga-mAnimita-pArANa gaMtha voTodo ho haditi jati bhAga pavayaNa-vacchalerA dakSiNAvahAriyANaM mahimA milimANa neho pesido| leTiTya-barasega-vayarAmavadhAriya te hi di Airiehi ve mAha gahaNa-dhAraNa-samatthA dhavalAmalabahuviha-vizaya-dihasiyagA solamAlAhA guru pemaNAsatittA desa-kula-jAi-suddhA sayalakasA-pAramA tiqhattA bucchiyAiriyA aMdha vimaya-varaNAbaDAdo pesidA / (ghavalA pR0 1 pR0 67) ujjite giri sihare parameSo dharai vaya smidiguttii| caMdaguhAi libAsI bhaviyaha tasu samahu paya juyalaM / / 81 aggAyaNIya NAma paMcama vatyugada kammapAhuDayA / paDiTTidiaNubhAgo jAgati padesabaMdho vi / / 62 (zruna kaMdha bAhemacandra)

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1 19 mAdhanandi ke vAdyavizeSa ke nAda se bar3I bhArI pUjA kii| use dekha kara dharasena bhaTTAraka ne unakA bhUtabali nAma rakkhA | aura jinako bhUtoM ne pUjA ko aura asta vyasta dantapaMkti ko dUra kara unake dAMta samAna kara diye, ataH dharasena bhaTTAraka ne dUsare kA nAma guSpadanta rakkhA / pazcAt dUsare dina vahAM se una donoM ne guru kI grAjJA se cala kara aMkalezvara (gujarAta) meM varSAkAla bitaayaa| dharasenAcArya ne donoM ziSyoM ko isa kAraNa jaldI vApisa bheja diyA, jisase unheM guru ke divaMgata hone para duHkha na ho| kucha samaya pazcAt unhoMne sAmya bhAva se zarIra kA parityAga kara diyaa| AcArya dharasena kI ekamAtra kRti 'yoni pAhuDa' hai, jisameM mantra-tantrAdi zaktiyoM kA varNana hai / yaha grantha mere dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| kahA jAtA hai ki vaha risarca insTiTyUTa pUnA ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM maujUda hai / mAghanandi siddhAntI - nandi saMgha ko paTTAvalI meM mabalI ke bAda mAghanandi kA ullekha kiyA hai aura unakA kAla 21 varSa batalAyA hai| jambUdvIpa paNNattI ke kartA padmanandI ne mAghanandi kA ullekha karate hue batalAyA hai ki ve rAga-dveSa aura moha se rahita, zrutasAgara ke pAragAmI, matipragalbha, tapa aura saMyama se sampanna, loka meM prasiddha the / zrutasAgara pAragAmI pada se una mAghanandi kA ullekha jJAta hotA hai jo siddhAntavedI the| inake sambandha meM eka kathAnaka bhI pracalita hai| kahA jAtA hai ki mAghanandi muni eka bAra caryA ke liye nagara meM gae the| vahA~ eka kumhAra kI kanyA ne inase prema pragaTa kiyA aura ve usI ke sAtha rahane lge| kAlAntara meM eka bAra saMgha meM kisI saiddhAntika viSaya para matabheda upasthita huA aura jaba kisI se usakA samAdhAna nahIM ho sakA, taba saMghanAyaka ne AjJA dI ki isakA samAdhAna mAghanandi ke pAsa jAkara kiyA jAya / ataeva sAdhu mAghanandi ke pAsa pahu~ce aura unase jJAna kI vyavasthA maaNgii| taba mAghanandi ne pUchA 'kyA saMgha mujhe aba bhI yaha satkAra detA hai ? muniyoM ne uttara diyA- Apake zrutajJAna kA sadaiva zrAdara hogA / ' yaha sunakara mAghanandi ko punaH vairAgya ho gayA aura ve apane surakSita rakhe hue pIchI kamaMDalu lekara saMgha meM mA mile aura prAyazcita kiyA / mAdhanandi ne apane kumhAra jIvana ke samaya kacce ghar3oM para thApa dete samaya gAte hue eka aitihAsika stuti banAI thI, jo anekAnta meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| para vaha inhIM mAdhanandi kI kRti hai, isake jAnane kA koI prAmANika sAdhana dekhane meM nahIM bhAyA / zilA lekha naM0 126 meM binA kisI guru ziSya sambandha ke mAghanandi ko prasiddha siddhAntavedI kahA hai / yathA namo namrajanAnanvasyanvine mAghanandine / jagaprasiddha siddhAntavedine vipramedine // mAghanandi nAma ke aura bhI saiddhAntika vidvAna hue haiN| para ve inase pazcAdvartI haiM, jinakA paricaya prAge diyA jAyegA / prastuta mAghanandi ke ziSya 'jinacandra' batalAe gae haiN| para unakA koI paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA / puSpadanta aura bhUtabalI- ye donoM maheMdulI ke ziSya the| dakSiNa bhArata ke prAndhra deza ke veNAtaTa nagara pratikramaNa ke samaya eka bar3A muni sammelana huA thaa| usa samaya saurASTra deza ke girinagara ( vartamAna jUnAgar3ha) hA nivAsI mAtrAyeM gharasena ne jo mamAyaNI pUrva ke paMcama vastu gata caturtha mahAkarma prakRti prAbhUta ke meM yuga meM sthita 1. puraNo taddivase caiva pesidA saMto 'guru-javaNa malaparijja' ivicitiNAmayehi aMkulesara varisAkAlI kmii| joge samAnIya jivAliye bahUNa pupphayaMtAiriyo bagavAsa visayaM gayo / bhUdavali-bhAramo vi damiladesa gayo / 2. joNi pAhuDe bhaNida-maMta saMta satISa poSaNalANubhAgI li yeto' -- anekAnta varSa 2 julAI 3. yaH puSpadantena ca bhUtasyAsyenAvaviSyadvitIyena reje| phala pradAnAya jagajjananI prApto'GkurAbhyAmiva kalpabhUjaH // -- jaina vilAlekha saM0 bhA0 1 lela 105

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 jJAtA the / ve usa samaya ke sAdhuoM meM bahuzruta vidvAna tathA aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke jJAtA the| unhoMne pravacana vAtsalya evaM zrutaviccheda ke bhaya se eka lekhapatra deNyAtaTa nagara ke muni sammelana meM dakSiNApatha ke AcAryo ke pAsa bhejA / jisameM deza, kula, jAti se vizuddha zabda artha ke grahaNa - dhAraNa meM samartha, vinayI do vidvAna sAdhuoM ko bhejane kI preraNA kI gyii| saMgha ne patra par3hakara do yogya sAdhuoM ko unake pAsa bhejaa|' isa sammelana meM hI sarvaprathama nigraM nya digambara saMgha meM nandi sena, siMha, bhadra, guNaSara, paMcastUpa prAdi upasaMgha utpanna hue the aura unake kartA grahaMbalI the / yaha sammelana saMbhavataH san 66 I0 pU0 meM huA thA / una vidvAnoM ke thAne para AcArya dharasena ne unakI parIkSA kara 'mahA karma prakRti prAbhUta' nAma ke grantha ko zubha tithi zubha nakSatra aura zubha vAra meM par3hAnA prArambha kiyA a.ra use kama se vyAkhyAna karate hue prASAr3ha mahIne ke zukla pakSa kI ekAdazI ke pUrvAha kAla meM samApta kiyaa| vinayapUrvaka grantha samApta hone se santuSTa hue bhUta jAti ke vyaMtara devoM ne una donoM meM se eka kI puSpAvalI tathA zaMkha aura tU jAti ke vAdya vizeSa ke nAda se vyApta bar3I pUjA kI / use dekhakara prAcArya dharasena ne unakA bhUtabali nAma rakkhA / zrIra dUsare kI prasta-vyasta danta paMkti ko dUra kiyA, ataeva unakA nAma puSpadanta rakkhA / 72 . ye donoM hI vidvAna guru kI prAjJA se calakara unhoMne aMkalezvara (gujarAta) meM varSA kAla bitaayaa| varSA yoga ko samApta kara aura jinapAlita ko lekara puSpadanta to usake sAtha vanavAsa deza ko gye| aura bhUtabali bhaTTAraka mila deza ko cale ge| pazcAt puSpadantAcArya ne jinAlita ko dIkSA dekara bIsa prarUpaNA garbhita satprarUpaNA ke sUtra banAkara aura jinapAlita ko par3hAkara, pazcAt unheM bhUtabali yAcArya ke pAsa bhejaa| unhoMne nimolita ke pAsa vIsaprarUpaNAntargata satprarUpaNA ke sUtra dekhe aura puSpadanta ko alpAyu jAnakara mahAkarma prakRti prAbhUta ke viccheda hone ke bhaya se dravya pramANAnugama se lekara jIvasthAna, kSudraka bandha, bandha svAmitvavicaya, vedanA, afer atra mahAbandha rUpa SaT khaNDAgama kI racanA kii| ye donoM hI prAcArya rAga-dveSa-moha se rahita ho jina vANI ke pracAra meM lage rhe| indranandi aura brahma hemacandra ke zrutAvasAra se jJAta hotA hai ki jaba SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA pUrNa huI, taba catuvidha saMgha sahita puSpadanta bhUtabali prAcArya ne jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ko graMtharAja kI bar3I bhaktipUrvaka pUjA kI / usI samaya se zrutapaMcamI parva loka meM pracalita humrA / SaT khaNDAgama kI mahattA isaliye bhI hai ki usakA sIdhA sambandha dvAdazAMga vANI se hai| kyoMki agrAyaNI pUrva ke pA~caveM adhikAra ke caturtha vastu prAkRta kA nAma mahAkamaMprakRti prAbhRta hai, usase SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA huI hai| jaisA ki ghavalA pustaka 9 pRSTha 134 ke nimna vAkyoM se prakaTa hai :- piyassa pudhvasta paMcamassa vatthussa cauttho pAhuDo kamma payar3INAma / ataeva dvAdazAMga vANI se usakA sambandha spaSTa hI hai / SaT laNDAgama paricaya 1 jIvasthAna - meM guNasthAna aura mArgaNA sthAnoM kA Azraya lekara sat, saMkhyA, kSetra, sparzana, kAla, antara, 1. so visagiriyara, paTTaNa- caMdaguhA- TTie maNimattavAraeNa gaMdha-vocchedo hoditi jAta bhaeNa pavavaraNa vacchalekhA daviragAvahAiriyANaM mahimAe miliyA ho pesido lehaTTiya- ghara se raNa vayaraNamavadhAraya tehi vi Airiehi ye sAhU grahaNa-dhAraNa samatyA ghavasAmala-bahuvihavilaya visiyaMgA sIlamAlAharA gurusaraNAsa patittA desa kulajAi suddhA sarakalA pAravA tiSakhutAvucchapAdariyA andhavisayaveNAyaDAdo pesidA / - dhava0 pu0 1 pR0 67 2. bhUdala bhayava vA jiraNavAsida pAse divIsadi sutte appAuo ki avagaya jisa vAlideza mahAkammapaya pAhUussa vocchedo hohaditi samuppaNNa buddhi yA puNo dabvapamA guNugamAdi kAUrA gaMtharacanA kadA | -- dhavalA0 pustaka 1 pR0 71 jyeSTha sitapakSa paJcabhyAM caturvarNya saMghasamavetaH / tatpumtakopakara vyaMdhAt kriyA pUrvaka pUjAm / zrutapaMcamIti tena tasmAti tithirimaM parAmApa / adyApi yena tasyAM zrutapUjA kurvate janAH // iMda0 0 143, 144 / brahmahemacandra zrutaskandha gA0 86 87 3.

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puNadanta aura bhUtabani bhAva aura alpa bahutva ina pATha anuyogadvAroM meM se tathA prakRti samutkIrtana, sthAna samutkIrtana, tIna mahAdaNDaka, jaghanya sthiti, utkRSTa sthiti, samyaktvotpatti aura gati prAgati ina nau calikAnoM dvArA saMsArI jIva kI vividha avasthAnoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| khuddAbagdha--isa dvitIyakhaNDa meM bandhaka jIvoM kI prarUpaNA svAmitvAdi myAraha anuyogoM dvArA gati Adi mArgaNA sthAnoM meM kI gaI hai aura amsa meM gyAraha anuyoga dvArA cUlikA rUpa 'mahAdaNDaka' diyA gayA hai| [svAmitya-nAmaka tatIya khaNDa meM bandha ke svAmiyoM kA vicAra hone se isakA nAma bandha svAmitva diyA gayA hai| isameM guNasthAnoM aura mArgaNA sthAnoM ke dvArA sabhI karma prakRtiyoM ke bandhaka svAmiyoM kA vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| kisa jova ke kitanI prakRtiyoM kA baMdha kahA~ taka hotA hai, kisake nahIM hotA hai, kitanI prakRtiyoM kisa-kisa guNasthAna meM byucchinna hotI haiM, svodaya bandha rUpa prakRtiyA~ kitanI haiM aura parodaya bAdha rUpa kitanI haiM / ityAdi karma sambandhI viSayoM kA bandhaka jIva kI apekSA se kathana kiyA gayA hai| vedanA-mahAkama prakRti prAbhUta ke 24 anuyogadvAroM meM se jina chaha anuyogadvAroM kA kathana bhUtabali prAcArya ne kiyA hai usameM pahale kA nAma kRti aura dUsare kA nAma vedanA hai| bedanA kA isa khaNDa meM vistAra se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vargaNA - isa vargaNA khaNDa meM sparza karma aura prakRti anuyoga dvAroM ke sAtha chaThe bandhana anuyoga dvAra ke antargata bandhanIya kA avalambana lekara pudgala' vargamAmA kA kAyana kiyA gayA hai, isa kAraNa isakA nAma vargaNA diyA hai| ina pAra khaMDoM ke pratirikta bhUtabali AcArya ne mahAbandha nAma ke chaThaveM khaNDa meM prakRti bandha, sthitibaMdha anubhAga baMdha aura pradezabaMdha rUpa cAra prakAra ke baMdha ke vidhAna kA vistAra ke sAtha kathana kiyA hai jisakA pramANa brahma hemacanda ne bAlIsa hajAra zloka pramANa batalAyA hai| aura pAMca khaNDoM kA pramANa chaha hajAra zloka pramANa sUtra grantha hai / SaT khaNTAgama mahatvapUrNa prAgama grantha hai| usakA uttaravartI granthakAroM gaura granthoM para prabhAva maMkita hai / sarvArthasiddhi aura tattvArthadAtikAdi granthoM meM usakA anukaraNa dekhA jAtA hai| puSpadanta bhUtabali kauna the? jaina anuzruti meM nahANa, nahapAna aura naravAhana Adi nAma milate haiN| nahapAna vamideza meM sthita basundharA nagarI kA kSaharAta ghaMza kA prasiddha zAsaka thaa| isako rAnI kA nAma sarUpA thaa| nahapAna apane samaya kA eka vIra aura parAkramI zAsaka thA aura vaha dharmaniSTha tathA prajA kA saMpAlaka thaa| nahapAna ke prapane tathA jAmAtA uSabhadatta yA RSabhadatta aura maMtro ayama ke aneka zilAlekha milate haiM, jo varSa 41 se 46 taka ke haiN| nahapAna ke rAjya para IsvI san 61 ke lagabhaga gautamI putra zAtakarNI ne bhRgukaccha para mAkramaNa kiyA thaa| ghora yuddha ke bAda nahapAna parAjita ho gayA aura yuddha meM usakA sarvasva vinaSTa ho gyaa| usane saMdhi kara lo| 1-junAra ke prabhilekha meM nahapAna kI mantima tithi 46 kA ullekha hai / yaha zaka saMvat kI tithi hai| isase spaSTa ki vaha zaka saM0 46+78 -124 IsvI meM rAjya karatA thaa| isake bAda usake rAjya para gotama putra zAtakarNI ne pora mukha ke bAda adhikAra kara liyA thaa| zAtakarNI kA eka lekha usake rAjya ke 18 varSa kA milA hai| yaha 106 IsvI ke lagabhaga siMhAsana para baiThA hogA / dUsarA lekha nAsika me 24veM varSa kA milA hai| -dekho, prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanItika tathA sAMskRtika itihAsa 10 529 nAsika ke do abhilekhoM se spaSTa hai ki usane (gautamI putra zAtakarNI ne) chaharAtavaMza ko parAjita kara apane baMza kA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| jo galabambhI-mudrAbhANDa-se bhI isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai| isa bhANDa meM teraha hajAra mudrAe haiM jina para nahapAna aura gautamI putra dono ke nAma aMkita haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki nahapAna ko parAjita karane ke pazcAt usane usakI mudrAoM para apanA nAma aMkita karane ke bAda phira se unheM prasArita kiyA / -dekho prAcIna bhArata kA rAjanaitika tathA sAMskRtika itihAsa pu0527

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 sAtavAhana ne isa vijaya ke upalakSya meM nahapAna ke sikkoM ko prApta kara aura una para apane nAma kI muhara aMkita kara rAjya meM cAlU kiyaa| vaha usa samaya vahA~ AyA huA thaa| usameM nahapAna ne apane mitra magadha nareza ko muni rUpa meM dekhakara aura unake upadeza se prerita ho apane jagatA samadatta ko rAjyabhAra sauMpa kara apane rAjya zreSThi subuddhi ke sAtha muni dIkSA le lii| ina donoM sAdhuoM ne saMgha meM rahakara tapazcaraNa tathA AvazyakAdi kriyAnoM ke atirikta dhyAna pradhyayana dvArA jJAna kA acchA arjana kiyA, yaha atyanta binayI vidvAna aura grahaNa dhAraNa meM samartha the / ina donoM sAdhupoM ko bhAcArya dharasena ke pAsa giri nagara bhejA gayA thaa| prAcArya dharasena ne inakI parIkSA kara mahAkarmaprakRti prAbhUti par3hAyA thaa| inameM eka kA nAma bhUtabali aura dUsare kA nAma puSpadanta rakkhA gayA thaa| unakA dIkSA nAma kyA thA, isakA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| naravAhana yA nahapAna rAjA bhUtibali huaa| aura rAjazreSThi subuddhi puSpadanta ke nAma se khyAta hue| bibudha zrIpara ke zrutAvatAra meM inakA ullekha hai| aura naravAhana ko bhUtabali aura sUbuddhi seTha ko puSpadanta batalAyA gayA hai| kundakundAcArya bhAratIya jana zramaNa paramparA meM munipuMgava kundakundAcArya kA nAma khAsataura se ullekhanIya hai| ve usa paramparA ke pravartaka pAcArya nahIM the| kintu unhoMne mAdhyAtmika yoga zakti kA vikAsa kara adhyAtmavidyA kI usa avacchinna dhArA ko janma diyA thaa| jisakI niSThA evaM anubhUti prAsmAnanda kI janaka thI aura jisake kAraNa bhAratIya zramaNaparamparA kA yaza loka meM vizruta huyA thaa| zramaNa-kula-kamala-divAkara prAcArya kundakunda jaina saMgha paramparA ke pradhAna vidvAna evaM maharSi the| ve bar3e bhArI tapasvI the| kSamAzIla aura jainAgama ke rahasya ke viziSTa jJAtA the| ve muni-yugava ratnatraya se viziSTa paura saMyama niSTha the / unakI pAtma-sAdhanA kaThora hote hue bhI duHkha nivRtti rUpa sukhamArga kI nidarzaka thii| ve prahakAra mamakAra rUpa kalmaSa-bhAvanA se rahita to the hii| sAtha hI, unakA vyaktitva asAdhAraNa thaa| unakI prazAnta evaM yathAjAta mudrA tathA saumya prAkRti dekhane se parama zAnti kA anubhava hotA thaa| ve bhArama-sAdhanA meM kabhI pramAdI nahIM hote the| kintu mokSamArga kI ve sAkSAt pratimUrti the / vAstava meM kundakunda zramaNa-RSiyoM meM mapaNI the| yahI kAraNa hai ki-'maMgalaM bhagavAna vIro' ityAdi paba meM nihita 'maMgalaM kundakundAryo' vAkya ke dvArA maMgala kAryoM meM pApakA pratidina smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| kundakunda.kA dIkSA nAma ppnndiipaa| ve koNDakuNDapura ke nivAsI the| guNTakala relave sTezana se dakSiNa kI mora lagabhaga pAra mIla para kauNDa kuNDala nAma kA sthAna hai, jo anantapura jile ke guTI tAluke meM sthita hai| zilAlekha meM usakA prAcIna nAma 'koNDakunde' milatA hai| yahA~ ke nivAsI ise mAna bhI kozakundi kahate haiM / saMbhava haikumbakunda kA yahI janma sthAna rahA ho / mataH usa sthAna ke kAraNa unako prasiddhi koyatvAcArya ke nAma se huI thii| jo gAva meM kundakunda isa ati madhura nAma meM pariNata ho gayA thaa| maura unakA saMgha mUlasaMpa paura 'kumbakuvAcArya ke nAma se loka meM prasiddhi ko prAptAmA aura pAja bhI vaha usI nAma se pracAra meM pA rahA hai| 1. tasyAnvaye bhUpidite pamUva yaH pAnanviprathamAbhivAmaH / zrIkAzakundhAdi munIzvarasparasaMyamAnuSagata baaraadi| -jaina lekha saM. mA011024 (ka) zrI pacanandItyanabacanAmA jhAcArya zAmdottarakoNDakundaH / / -jana lekha saM0 prA0 1 . 34 2. dekho iMdranandi bhutAcatAra 1. jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA

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kundakundAcArya ve malasaMdha ke advitIya netA the / yadyapi unhoMne apanI racanAmoM meM apane saMghakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kintu uttaravartI prAcAryoM ne apanI guru paramparA ke rUpa meM yA anya prakAra se unakI pavitra kRtiyoM kI maulikatA ke kAraNa yA apane saMgha ko 'mUlasaMdha' aura apanI paramparA ko 'kundakundAmbava' sUcita kiyA hai| ve aisA karane meM apanA gaurava samajhate the| kyoMki prAcArya kundakunda ne bhagavAna jinendra dvArA upadiSTa samIcIna mArga kA anupama upadeza diyA thaa| sAtha hI, use apane jIvana meM utArakara bharata kSetra meM zrata kI pratiSThA ko thI' / unhoMne pAramAnubhUti ke dvArA dhata kevaliyoM dvArA pradarzita AtmamArga kA udbhAvana kiyA thA, jise janatA bhUla rahI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcArya kundakunda digambara jaina zramaNoM meM pradhAna the| aApako prAdhyAtmika kRtiyAM apano sAnI nahIM rakhatI, aura ve digambara zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM samAna rUpa se yAvaraNIya mAnI jAtI haiN| unakI mAtmA kitanI vimala thI, aura unhoMne kalmaSa pariNati para kisa prakAra vijaya pAI thI, yaha unake tapasvI jIvana se sahaja hI jJAta ho jAtA hai| praTala niyama pAlaka muni-pugava kudakunda jaina zramaNa paramparA ke liye AvazyakIya mUlaguNa aura uttara guNoM kA pAlana karate the aura anazanAdi bAraha prakAra ke antarvAzya tapoM kA anuSThAna karate hue tapasviyoM meM pradhAna maharSi the| unhoMne pravacanasAra meM jaina zramaNoM ke mUlaguNa isa prakAra batalAye haiM vava samidiviyarodho locAvassaya macelamaNhANaM / khibisayaNamadaMtavaNaM ThivibhoyaNa-megabharI // evaM khalu mUlaguNA samaNAvaM jiNavarehi pnntt| tesu pamatto samaNo chedIvaDAvago hodi / (3-7-8) pAMcamahAvrata, pAMca samiti, pAMca indriyoM kA nirodha, kezaloMca, SaT yAvazyakakriyAeM, acelakya (nagnatA asnAna, kSitizayana, adanta-dhAvana, sthiti bhojana aura eka bhukti (ekAsana) ye jaina zramaNoM meM adaThAIsa malagaNa jinendra bhagabAna ne kahe haiM / jo sAdhu unake prAcaraNa meM pramAdI hotA hai vaha chedopasthApaka kahalAtA hai|" grAmoM nagaroM meM sasaMgha bhramaNa de yathAjAta rUpadhArI mahAzramaNa aneka grAmoM, nagaroM meM sasaMgha bhramaNa karate the, aura aneka rAjAroM, mahArAjAoM, mahAtmAnoM, rAjathe pTiyoM, zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM aura muniyoM ke samUha se sadA mabhivandita the, parantu unakA kisI para anurAga aura kisI para bidveSa na thaa| rikArI kAraNoM ke rahane para bhI unakA cita kabhI vikata nahIM hotA thA, ve samadarzI amaNa jaba gupti rUpa pravRtti meM asamartha ho jAte the, tava samiti meM sAvadhAnI se pravRtta hote the| kyoMki usa samaya bhI ve apane upayoga kI sthiratA ke kAraNa zuddhopayoga rUpa saMyama ke saMrakSaka the, isaliye samiti rUpa pravRtti meM sAvadhAna sAdhu-ke bAhya meM kadAcit kisI dUsare jIva kA ghAta ho jAne para bhI vaha pramattayoga ke prabhAva meM hiMsaka nahIM kahalAtA, kyoMki zubhopayoga pravRtti saMyama kA ghAta karane vAlI antaraMga hiMsA hI hai, usase hI bagdha hotA hai, korI dravya hisA hiMsA nahIM kahalAtI, kintu prayatnAcAra rUpa pravRtti karane vAlA sAdhu rAgAdi bhAva ke kAraNa SaTakAya ke jIvoM kA vigaSaka hotA hai| parantu jo apanI pravRtti meM sAvadhAna haiM-rAgAdibhAva se unakI pravRtti anuraMjita nahIM hai, taba usakI halana-calanAdi kriyAmoM se jIva kI virAdhanA hone para bhI vaha hiMsaka nahIM kahalAtA-- vaha jala meM kamala kI taraha usa karmabandhana se nilepa rahatA hai-zuddhopayoga rUpa ahiMsaka bhAvanA ke bala 1. banyo viuvina kairiha koNDakundaH kundaprabhAriNaya-kIti-vibhUSitAzaH / yazcAru-pAraNa-kagambuja caJcarokazcakre zrutasya bharate prayataH pratiSThAm / / -jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 11.102 2. yahI mUlaguNa mUlAcAra meM bhI batalAe gae hai| jo loka meM AcAraMga rUpa meM prasiddha hai| -- - - -

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76 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 se usakA antaHkaraNa bimala evaM sarvathA adApaNa banA rahatA hai| __isa taraha mahAmuni kundakunda nagara se vAhya udyAnI, durgama aTaviyoM, saghana vanoM, taru koTaroM, nadI pulinoM giri zikharoM, pArvatIya kandarAmo meM tathA bhazAna bhUmiyoM (maraghaToM) meM nivAsa karate the| jahAM aneka hiMsaka jAti-virodhI jIvoM kA nivAsa rahatA thaa| zIta uSNa DAMsa, macchara prAdi ko aneka asahya vedanAoM ko mahate hue bhI ve apane cidAnanda svarUpa se jarA bhI vicalita nahIM hote the / Avazyaka kriyAoM meM pravRtta hote hue bhI ve mahAmuni apane jAna darzana cAritra rUpa Ama-gaNoM meM sthira rahane ke liye ekAnta prAzuka sthAnoM meM prAtma samAdhi ke dvArA usa nijAnanda rUpa paramapIyUSa kA pAna karate hue prAtma-vibhora ho uThate the| parantu jaba samAdhi ko chor3akara sasArastha jIvoM ke duHkhoM aura unakI ucca nIca pravRttiyoM kA vicAra karate, usI samaya unake hRdaya meM eka prakAra kI TIsa evaM bedanA utpanna hotI thI, athavA dayA kA srota bAhara nikalatA thaa| cAraNa adi maura yideha gamana isa taraha samyaka tapa ke anuSThAna se AcArya kundakunda ko cAraNa Rddhi kI prApti ho gaI thI jisake phalasvarUpa ve pRthvI se cAra agula Upara antarikSa meM calA karate the / prAcArya devasena ke 'darzanasAra' se mAlUma hotA hai ki prAcArya kundakunda videha kSetra meM sImadhara svAmI ke samavazaraNa meM gae the aura vahA~ jAkara unhoMne divya dhvani dvArA Atmatattva rUpI sudhArasa kA sAkSAta pAna kiyA thaa| aura vahAM se lauTakara unhoMne munijanoM ke hita kA mArga batalAyA thaa| zravaNabelagolA ke zilAlekhoM se to yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki unhoMne caraNaRddhi kI prApti ke sAtha, bharata kSetra meM zatakI pratiSThA kI thI-unhoMne use samunnata banAyA thaa| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki jaba tapazcaraNa kI mahattA se mAtmA se nigaDa karma kA bandhana bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai taba usake prabhAva se yadi unheM cAraNaRddhi prApta ho gaI to isameM Azcarya kI koI bAta nahIM hai| kyoMki kundakunda mahAmunirAja the, ataH jana jaise asAdhAraNa yakti ke sambandha meM jisa ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai usameM sandeha kA koI kAraNa nahIM hai| aura devasenAcArya ke ullekha se itanA to spaSTa hI hai ki vikrama saM0 160 meM unake sambandha meM ukta ghaTanA pracalita thii| adhyAtmavAva aura prAtmA kA traividhya adhyAtmavAda vaha nirvikalpa rasAyana hai| jisake sevana athavA pAna se prAtmA apane svAnubhavarUpa prAtmaraja meM lIna ho jAtA hai, aura jo prAtma sudhArasa kI nirmala dhArA kA janaka hai| jisakI prApti se prAtmA usa grAtmA nanda meM nimagna ho jAtA hai, jisake liye vaha cirakAla se utkaMThita ho rahA thaa| AcArya kundakunda ne prAtmAnubhava kI usa vimala saritA meM nimagna hokara bhI, saMsArI jIvoM kI usa yAtmarasa zUnya anAtmarUpa mithyA pariNati kA 1, suSahare tara hiTTha ujAgo taha mANa vAse vaa|| giri-guha girisihare vA bhImavaNe ahava vasite vA / / -vodha prAbhUta 2. rajobhiraspaSTatamatvamantarbAhya 'pi saMvyaMjayitu' yatIzaH / rajaH padaM bhUmitalaM vihAya cacAra manye caturaMgulaM saH / / -zravaNa vela gola lekha naM0 105 3. jaha papagaMdirazAho sIma dhrsaami-dignnaanneraa| Na vi yohA to samagA kahaM sumaga pagANaMti / / -darzanasAra 4. vayo vibhuvi na kairiha kauNDakundaH kundaprabhA prAyakoti vibhUSitAzaH / yazcAruccAraNa-karAmbujacaMcarIzcake zrutamya bharate prayata: pranimAmaH / / -vavaraNa lekha naM.54

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kundakundAcArya parijJAna kiyaa| sAtha hI, cAha-vAharUpa du:kha-dAvAna se bhulasita zrAtmA kA avalokana kara unakA citta parama karuNA se mAI hAM gayA. aura unake samuddhAra kI kalyANakArI pAtra bhAvanA ne jora pkdd'aa| ataH unhoMne svabara ke bheda vijJAnarUpa grAtmAnubhava ke bala se usa Atmatatva kA rahasya samajhAne evaM Atma-svarUpa kA bodha karAne ke liye 'sAra' jaisI mahatvapUrNa kRtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA / aura unameM jIva aura bajIba ke saMyoga sambandha se hone vAlI vividha pariNatiyoM kA karmodaya se prApta vicitra avasthAmoM kA ullekha kiyA aura batalAyA ki 3 - he zrAtman ! para dravya ke saMyoga se hone vAlI pariNatiyAM terI nahIM haiM aura na tU unakA karttA tta hai| ye saba rAga-dveSa-moha rUpa vibhAva pariSati kA phala hai / terA svabhAva jJAtA draSTA hai, para meM grAnma kalpanA karanA terA svabhAva nahIM hai| tUM saccidAnanda hai, tU apane usa nijAnanda svarUpa kA bhoktA vana, usa zrAtma svarUpa kA bhaktA banane ke liye tujhe apane svarUpa kA parijJAna honA mAvazyaka hai| tabhI terA anAdi kAlIna mithyA vAsanA se chuTakArA ho sakatA hai / isa zrAtmA ko tIna yavasthAeM athavA pariNatiyAM haiM bahirAtmA antarAtmA aura paramAtmA / inameM se yaha AtmA prathama avasthA se itanA rogI ho gayA hai ki yaha anAdise apanI jJAna varNanAdirUpa yAnidhi ko bhUla rahA hai aura acetana (jar3a) zarIrAdi para vastunoM meM apane zrAtmasvarUpa kI kalpanA karatA huA caturgatirUpa saMsAra meM paribhramaNakara asahya evaM ghora vedanA kA anubhava kara rahA hai, vaha duHkha nahIM sahA jAtA; kintu apane dvArA nAji ta karma kA phala bhoge binA nahIM chUTa sakatA, isIse use vilApa karatA huA sahatA hai| jIva kI yaha prathama avasthA hI saMsAra duHkha kI janaka hai, yahI vaha ajJAna dhArA hai jisase chuTakArA milate hI zrAtmA apane svarUpa kA anubhava karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai / mrAtmA kI yaha dUsarI avasthA hai jise antarAtmA kahate hai, vaha AtmajJAnI hotA haiuse sva svarUpa aura pararUpa kA anubhava hotA hai| vaha svapara ke bheda - vijJAna dvArA bhUlI huI usa zrAtma-nidhi kA darzana pAkara nirmala Atma-samAdhi ke rasa meM tanmaya ho jAtA hai aura saddRSTi ke vimala prakAza dvArA mokSamArga kA pathika dana jAtA hai, aura atima paramAtma avasthA kI sAdhanA meM tanmaya huA avasara pAkara usa karma-zrRMkhalA ko naSTa kara detA hai- grAtma-samAdhi rUpa citta kI ekAgra pariNati svarUpa dhyAtAgni se use bhasmakara apanI ananta catuSTayarUpa bhrAtmanidhi ko pA letA hai / - prAcArya kumkubhda kI dena AcArya kundakunda ne jisa grAtmA ke vaividhya kI kalpanA kI hai aura usake svarUpa kA nidarzana karate hue usakI mahattA evaM usake antima lakSya prApti kI jo sUcanA kI hai usake anusAra pravRtti karane vAlA vyakti apane carama lakSya ko prApta karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai| AcArya kundakunda kI usa dena ko unake bAda ke AcArya ne apane-apane granthoM meM AtmA ke caividhya ko carcA kI hai aura bahirAtma avasthA ko chor3akara tathA antarAtmA banakara paramAtma avasthA ke sAdhana kA ullekha kiyA hai| yacchevAGa manasI prAjJastadyacchejjJAnamAtmani / jJAnamAtmani mahati niyacchetacachecchAnta mAtmani // isa taraha bhAratIya zramaNa paramparA ne bhArata ko usa adhyAtma vidyA kA granupama Adeza diyA hai| isIsa zramaNa paramparA kI aneka mahatvapUrNa bAteM vaidika paramparA ke granthoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| aura vaidika paramparA kI aneka rUr3hi sammata bAteM zramaNa paramparA ke AcAra-vicAra meM samAI huI dRSTigocara hotI hai; kyoMki donoM saMskRtiyoM ke samasAmAyika hone ke nAte eka dUsarI paramparA ke zrAcAra-vicAroM kA paraspara meM AdAna-pradAna huA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki zrAcArya kundakunda ke prAyaH samAna athavA usase milate julate rUpa meM AtmA ke vaividhya kI kalpanA kA vaha rUpa kaThopaniSada ke nimna padya meM pAyA jAtA hai jisameM grAtmA ke jJAnAtmA mahadAtmA aura zAMtAtmA ye, tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 chAndayoga upaniSad meM jo grAtma-bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| usake AdhAra para DAyarAna ne bhI AtmA ke tIna bheda kiye haiN| zarIrAtmA, jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA / isa taraha yaha Atma traividhya kI carcA apanI mahattA ko liye hue hai / racanAe~ 76 AcArya kundakunda kI nimna kRtiya upalabdha haiN| paMcAstikAya prAbhRta, samayasAra prAbhRta, pravacanasAra prAbhRta, niyamasAra, zraSTapAhuDa - (dasaNapAhuDa, carita pAhuDa, sutta pAhuDa, bodha pAhuDa, bhava pAhuDa, mokkha pAhuDa, sIla pAhuDa, liGga pAhuDa) - vArasa aNuvekkhA aura bhaktisaMgaho / ina racanAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai| prathama bhAga meM paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, niyamasAra, aura samayasAra Ate haiN| aura dUsare bhAga meM abhya aSTa prAbhRta Adi / inameM prathama bhAga kundakundAcArya ke janatantrAnaviSayaka prauDha pANDitya ko liye hue haiN| aura dUsarA bhAga sarala evaM upadeza pradhAna, AcAra mUlaka tattva cintana kI dhArA ko liye hue haiN| kundakundAcArya ko zailI gambhIra aura sarasa hai, kintu viSaya kA pratipAdana saralatA se kiyA hai| vyavahAra aura nizcaya mokSamArga kA kathana ki jisake hRdaya maM karate donoM kA sAmaMjasya baiThAyA hai| sva samaya para samaya kA varNana karate hue batalAyA arahaMta Adi viSayaka aNumAtra bhI anurAga vidyamAna hai vaha samasta zrAgama kA dhArI hokara bhI sva-samaya ko nahIM jAnatA hai| hue 1 paMcAstikAya - isa grantha kA nAma paMcAstikAya prAbhRta hai, kyoMki isameM mukhyatayA jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma aura AkAza rUpa pAMca astikAya dravyoM kA varNana hai / kyoMki yaha aNu arthAt pradezoM kI apekSA mahAn haibahupradezI hai, isI se inheM astikAya kahA hai| ye samasta dravya loka meM praviSTa hokara sthita haiM, phira bhI apane-apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3ate haiM / isa grantha meM prAcArya kundakunda ne grantha ke Adi meM 'samaya' kahane kI pratijJA kI hai| zrIra jIva, pudgala, dharma-adharma prakAza ke samavAya ko samaya kahA hai| ina pAMcoM dravyoM ko paMcAstikAya kahA hai| inhIM kA isa grantha meM vizeSa kathana kiyA gayA hai| sattA kA svarUpa batalA kara dravya kA lakSaNa diyA hai, aura dravya paryAya aura guNa kA pArasparika sambandha batalAte hue sapta bhaGga ke nAmoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai / kAla dravya ke sAtha pAMca zrastikAya milA kAra dravya chaha hotI hai / SaT dravya kathana ke pazcAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak caritra ko mokSa mArga batalAte hue samyagdarzana ke prasaMga se sapta tatvoM kA kathana kiyA hai / grantha ke anta meM nizcaya mokSamArga kA bar3I sundaratA svarUpa batalAyA hai / se isa grantha para do saMskRta TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| jinameM eka ke kartA AcArya amRtacandra haiM aura dUsarI ke karttA jayasena / amRtacandra kI TIkAnusAra gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 173 hai / aura jayasena kI TIkA ke anusAra 181 hai / pravacanasAra - yaha grantha mahArASTrIya prAkRta bhASA kA maulika grantha hai| isameM 275 gAthAeM haiN| aura ve tIna zrutaskandhoM meM vibhAjita haiM / prathama zrutaskandha meM jJAna kI carcA 62 gAthAoM meM aMkita hai| dUsare zrutaskandha meM jJeya tatva kI carcA 108 gAthAoM meM pUrNa huI hai| aura tIsare zrutaskandha meM 75 gAthAoM dvArA cAritra tatva kA kathana kiyA gayA hai / zrAcArya kundakunda kI yaha kRti bar3I hI mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha kRti unakI tatvajJatA, dArzanikatA zrIra AcAra kI pravaNatA se ota-prota hai| isake adhyayana se unakI vidvattA, tArkikatA aura AcAra niSThA kA yathArtha rUpa dRSTigocara hotA haiN| isameM jaina tatva jJAna kA yathArtha rUpa bahuta hI sundaratA se pratipAdita hai / grantha ke prathama zrutaskandha meM indrijanya jJAna aura indriyajanya sukha ko heya batalAte hue| atIndriyajJAna zrIra atIndriya sukha ko upAdeya batalAyA hai| aura bhatIndriya jJAna tathA pratIndriya sukha kI siddhi karate hue hRdayagrAhI yuktiyoM se AtmA kI sarvajJatA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai / dUsare zrutaskandha meM dravyoM kI carcA kI hai, vaha paMcAstikAya

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76 kundakundAcArya kI carcA se maulika aura viziSTa hai| isameM dravya ke sat utpAda vyaya zrIvyAtmaka aura guNa paryAyAtmaka rUpa lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana tathA samanvaya AtmA ke kartRtvAkartRtva kA vicAra tathA kAlANu zrapradezitva kA mahatvapUrNa kathana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya zutaskandha meM cAritra kA varNana kiyA hai| AtmA kI mohAdijanya vikAroM se rahita pariNati cAritra hai, vahI cAritra dharma hai| cAritra rUpa dharma se pariNata bAtmA yadi zuddhopayoga se yukta hai to vaha nirvANa 'sukha ko pA letA hai| nirmANa sukha atIndriya hai| vaha karmakSaya ke prabhAva se milatA hai| Atmottha hai, viSayoM se rahita hai, anupama hai, aura ananta hai, usakA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotA / kintu indriya janya sAMsArika sukha parAdhIna hai, bAdhA sahita hai-- usameM kSudhA tRpAdi kI bAdhAe~ utpanna hotI rahatI haiN| vaha viSama hai aura bandha kA kAraNa hai / grantha meM zramaNoM ke AcAra ko mahatvapUrNa batalAyA gayA hai| zramaNa kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA gayA hai| ki - jisake zatru aura mitra eka samAna haiN| sukha aura duHkha meM samAna hai, prazaMsA aura vikAroM meM samAna hai, loha aura kaMcana meM samAna hai / jo jIvana aura maraNa meM samatA-samAna bhAva vAlA hai, vahI zramaNa hai| moha se rahita grAtmA ke samyak svarUpa ko prApta hugrA jIva yadi rAga aura dveSa kA parityAga karatA hai to vaha zuddhAtmA ko prApta karatA hai / Aja taka jitane arahaMta hue haiM ve bhI isI vidhi se karmoM ko naSTa kara nirvANa ko prApta hue haiM / samaya prAbhUta isa grantha para AcArya amRtacandra ko 'tatvapradIpikA' TIkA aura jayasena kI tAtparyavRtti, aura bAlacandra adhyAtmIkI TIkAeM upalabdha haiM, jinameM grantha ke divya sandarbha kA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isa grantha kA nAma samaya prAbhRta hai| isameM zuddha Atmatatva kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isake viSaya kA pratipAdaka grantha anila vAGamaya meM dUsarA nahIM hai / isameM sabase pahale siddhoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai, jo padArthoM ko eka sAtha jAne athavA guNa paryAya rUpa pariNamana kare vaha samaya hai| samaya ke do bheda haiM- svasamaya aura parasamaya / jo jIva apane darzana jJAna cAritra rUpa svabhAva meM sthita ho vaha sva samaya hai / aura jo pudgala karmoM kI dazA ko batalAyA hai ki ekatva vibhakta vastu hI loka meM sundara apanI dazA mAne hue hai vaha parasamaya hai| tIsarI gAthA hotI hai | ataH jIva ke bandha kI kathA se visaMvAda utpanna hotA hai / kAma bhoga sambandhI bandha kI kathA to saba logoM kI sunI huI hai, paricaya meM zrAI hai ataeva anubhUta hai kintu bandha se bhinna zrAtmA kA ekatva na kabhI sunA, na kabhI paricaya meM bhAyA hai aura na anubhUta hI hai / ataH vaha sulabha nahIM hai / usI ekatva vibhakta AtmA kA kathana nizcaya naya aura vyavahAranaya se kiyA gayA hai| kintu nizcayanaya bhUtArtha, aura vyavahArataya abhUtArtha hai| isa bAta ko zrAcArya mahodaya ne udAharaNa dekara samajhAyA hai / grantha daza adhikAroM meM vibhAjita hai -1. pUrva raMga, 2. jIvAjIvAdhikAra, 3. kartR karmAdhikAra, 4. puSya pApAdhikAra, 5. AstravAdhikAra, 6. saMkArAdhikAra 7. nirjarAdhikAra, 8. bandhAdhikAra, 9. mokSAdhikAra, 10. aura sarvavizuddha jJAnAdhikAra / ki bhUtArthanaya se jAne gaye jIva, ajIva, Asrava, saMvara, samaya prAmata kI 13 vI gAthA meM batalAyA nirjarA, bandha aura mAkSa samyaktva hai / zrataeva bhUtArthanaya se hI inakA vivecana grantha meM kiyA gayA hai / jIvA jIvAdhikAra meM jIva ajIva ke bheda ko dikhalAte hue donoM ke yathArtha svarUpa kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yora batalAyA hai ki jIva ke varNa, gandha, rasa, sparza nahIM haiM aura na vaha zabda rUpa hI hai / usakA lakSaNa cetanA hai, usakA AkAra bhI niyata nahIM hai| aura indriyAdika se usakA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| kintu zrAtmA ko na jAnane vAle AtmA se bhinna parabhAvoM ko bhI saMyoga sambandha ke kAraNa AtmA samajha lete haiN| koI rAga-dveSa kI, koI karma ko, koI karma phala ko, zarIra ko aura koI zradhyavasAnAdi rUpa bhAvoM ko jIva kahate haiN| para ye saba jIva nahIM hai / kyoMki ye saba karma rUpa pudgala dravya ke nimitta se hone vAle bhAva haiN| ataH ve pudgala dravya rUpa haiM / jIva sthAnoM aura guNa sthAnoM Adi ko jIva kahA gayA hai vaha vyavahAra se kahA gayA hai| kyoMki vyavahAra kA Azraya liye binA paramArtha kA kathana karanA zakya nahIM hai| ataeva ina saba zrAgantuka bhAvoM se mamatva buddhi kA parityAga kara

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAma-bhAgara nAnI aisA mAnatA hai ki eka upayoga mAtra zAA zema rUpa huuN| inake atirikta anya paramANu mAtra bhI merA nahI hai| dUsare kata karmAdhikAra meM batalAyA hai ki yadyapi jIva aura ajIva donoM dravya svatantra haiN| to bhI jIva ke pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgala kama vargaNAeM svayaM karma rUpa pariNata ho jAtI haiN| aura pudgala karma ke udaya kA nimitta pAkara jIva bhI pariNamana karatA hai| to bhI jIva aura pudgala kA paraspara meM kartA kamapanA nahIM hai| kAraNa ki jIva padgala karma ke kisI guNa kA utpAdaka nahIM hai, aura na pudgala jIba ke kisI gRNa kA utpAdaka hai| kevala anyonya nimitta se donoM kA pariNamana hotA hai| ataeva jIva sadA svakIya bhAvoM kA kartA hai| baha karmakRta bhAvoM kA kartA nahIM hai| kintu nimitta naimittika sambandha ke kAraNa AvahAranaya se jIva kA pudgala karmoM kA, aura pudagala ko jIda ke bhAvoM kA kartA kahA jAtA hai| parantu nizcayanaya se jIva na pudgala karmoM kA kartA hai aura na bhoktA hai| aba raha jAte haiM mithyAtya, prajJAna, pravirati, yoga, moha aura krodhAdi upAdhi bhAva, so inheM kandakandAcArya ne jIva-majIva rUpa do prakAra kA batalAyA hai| AtmA jaba prajJAnAdi rUpa pariNamana karatA hai, taba rAga-dveSa rUpa bhAvoM ko karatA hai aura una bhAvoM kA svayaM kartA hotA hai| para majJAnAdi rUpa bhAva pudgala karmoM ke nimitta ke binA nahIM hote| kintu ajJAnI jIva parake aura AtmA ke bheda ko na jAnatA humA krodha ko apanA mAnatA hai, isI se vaha ajJAnI apane caitanya vikAra rUpa pariNAma kA kartA hotA hai| aura krodhAdi usake karma hote haiN| kintu jo jIva isa bheda ko na jAna kara kodhAdi meM prAtmabhAva nahIM karatA, vaha para dravya kA kartA bhI nahIM hotaa| tIsare puNya-pApAdhikAra meM pApa kI taraha puNya ko bhI heya batalAte hae likhA hai ki---sone kI beDI bhI bAMdhatI hai aura lohe kI bez2I bhI bAMdhatI hai| prataH zubha-azubha rUpa donoM hI karma bandhaka hai| isaliye unakA parityAga karanA hI zreyaskara hai| jisa taraha koI puruSa khoTI pAdata vAle manuSya ko jAnakara usake sAtha saMsarga aura rAga karanA chor3a detA hai| usI taraha apane svabhAva meM lIna puruSa karma prakRtiyoM ke zIla svabhAva ko kutsita jAnakara unakA saMsarga chor3a detA hai . unase dUra rahane lagatA hai| rAgI jIva karma bAMdhatA hai aura virAgI karmoM se chuTa jAtA hai / ata: zubha-azubha karma meM rAga mata karo-rAga kA parityAga karanA Avazyaka hai| - caturtha adhikAra meM batalAyA hai ki jIva ke rAga-dveSa aura moharUpa bhAva, mAnava bhAva haiN| unakA nimitta pAkara paudagalika karmANa bargaNAmoM kA jIva meM pArada hotA hai| rAgAdi prajJAnamaya pariNAma haiN| prajJAnamaya pariNAma ajJAnI ke hote haiN| aura jJAnI ke jJAnamaya pariNAma hote haiN| jJAnamaya pariNAma hone se ajJAnamaya pariNAma ruka jAte haiM / isaliye jJAnI jIva ke karmoM kA mAnava nahIM hotaa| prataeva baMdha bhI nahIM hotaa| pAMcave adhikAra meM saMvara satva kA pratipAdana hai| rAgAdi bhAvoM ke nirodha kA nAma saMbara hai| rAgAdi bhAvoM kA nirodha ho jAne para karmoM kA pAnA ruka jAtA hai| saMvara kA mUla kAraNa bheda vijJAna hai| upayoga jJAna svarUpa hai, aura krodhAdi bhAva jar3a hai| isa kAraNa upayoga meM krodhAdibhAva aura karma nokarma nahIM haiM / aura na krodhAdi bhAvoM meM tathA karma nokarma meM upayoga hai| isa taraha inameM paramArtha se atyanta bheda hai / isa bheda tathA rahasya ko samajhanA hI bheda vijJAna hai / bheda vijJAna se hI zuddha prAtmA kI upalabdhi hotI hai / aura zuddhAtmA kI prApti se hI mithyAtvAdi pradhyavasAnoM kA prabhAva hotA hai| aura pradhyavasAnoM kA prabhAva hone se prAstrava kA nirodha hotA hai| prAsrava ke nirodha se karmoM kA nirodha hotA hai| paura karma ke abhAva meM no karmoM kA nirodha hotA hai aura no karmoM ke nirodha se saMsAra kA niroSa ho jAtA hai| chaThe nirjarA adhikAra meM batalAyA hai ki samyagdRSTi jIva, iMdriyoM ke dvArA cetana aura acetana dravyoM kA upabhoga karatA hai vaha nirjarA kA kAraNa hai| kyoMki samyagdRSTi jIva ke jJAna aura vairAgya kI adbhuta sAmarthya hotI 1. ratto baMdhAdi kammaM mupadi jIvo virAgasaMpaNyo / aiso jiNokdeso, tamhA kammesu mA raja / / 150

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kundakundAcayaM 81 hai / jisa taraha vaidha viSa khAkara bhI nahIM maratA, usI taraha jJAnI bhI pudgala karmoM ke udaya ko bhogatA hai / kintu karmoM se nahIM baMdhatA kyoMki vaha jAnatA hai ki yaha rAga pudgala karma kA hai| mere anubhava meM jo rAgarUpa bAsvAda hotA hai vaha usake vipAka kA pariNAma evaM phala hai| vaha merA nijabhAva nahIM hai / maiM to zuddha jJAyaka bhAva rUpa hU~ / ataeva samyagdRSTi jIva jJAyaka svabhAvarUpa AtmA ko jAnatA hamrA karma ke udaya ko karma ke udaya kA vipAka jAnakara usakA parityAga kara detA hai| vAdhikAra meM bandha kA kathana karate hue vatalAyA hai ki AtmA aura paudgalika karma donoM hI svatantra dravya haiN| donoM meM cetana acetana kI apekSA pUrva aura pazcima jaisA antara hai| phira bhI inakA anAdikAla se saMyoga bana rahA hai| jisa taraha cumvaka meM lohA khIMcane aura loha meM khiMcane kI yogyatA hai / usI prakAra zrAtmA meM karmarUpa pudgaloM ko khIMcane kI bhaura karmarUpa pudgala meM khiMcane kI yogyatA hai| apanI-apanI yogyatAnusAra donoM kA eka kSetrAgAha ho rahA hai| isI eka kSetrAvagAha ko bandha kahate haiN| prAcArya mahodaya ne eka dRSTAnta dvArA bandha kA kAraNa spaSTa kiyA hai| jaise koI malla zarIra meM tela lagA kara dhUla bharI bhUmi meM khar3A hokara zastroM se vyAyAma karatA hai / ke zrAdi ke per3oM ko kATatA hai to usakA zarIra dhUli se lipta ho jAtA hai| yahAM usake zarIra meM jo tela lagA hai-cikkaNatA hai usI ke kAraNa usakA zarIra dhUla se lipta huA hai| isI prakAra ajJAnI jIva iMdriya viSayoM meM rAgAdi karatA huA karmoM se baMdhatA hai, so usake upayoga meM jo rAgabhAva hai vaha karmabandha kA kAraNa hai / parantu jo jJAnI jJAnasvarUpa meM magna rahatA hai, vaha karmoM se nahIM baMdhatA / AThaveM mokSAdhikAra meM batalAyA hai ki jaise koI puruSa cirakAla se bandhana meM par3A huA hai aura vaha isa bAta ko jAnatA hai ki maiM itane samaya se baMdhA huA par3A huuN| kintu usa bandhana ko kATane kA prayatna nahIM karatA, to vaha kabhI bandhana se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| usI taraha karma bandhana ke svarUpa ko jAnane mAtra se karma se chuTakArA nahIM hotA / parantu jo puruSa rAgAdi ko dUra kara zuddha hotA hai vahI mokSa prApta karatA hai| jo karmabandhana ke svabhAva mora grAtma svabhAva ko jAnakara bandha se virakta hotA hai vahI karmoM se mukta hotA hai| zrAtmA zrara bandha ke svabhAva ko bhinna bhinna jAnakara bandha ko chor3anA aura zrAtmA ko grahaNa karanA hI mokSa kA upAya hai| yahA~ yaha prazna hotA hai ki zrAtmA ko kaise grahaNa kare, isakA uttara dete hue AcArya ne kahA hai ki prajJA ( bheda vijJAna ) dvArA jo caitanyAtmA hai vahI maiM hUM / doSa anya saba bhAva mujhase para haiM - ve mere nahIM haiN| ityAdi kathana kiyA gayA hai| sarva vizuddhi adhikAra meM eka taraha se unhIM pUrvokta bAtoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra kA viSaya zuddha prAtma tatva hai / vaha zuddha Atmatattva sarvavizuddhajJAna kA svarUpa hai| na vaha kisI kA kArya hai, aura na kisI kA kAraNa hai, usakA para dravya ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| isa vicAra se mAtmA aura paradravya meM karttA karmabhAva bhI nahIM hai / grataeva zrAtmA para dravya kA bhoktA bhI nahIM hai| ajJAno jIva ajJAnavaza hI AtmA ko paradravya kA karttA bhoktA mAnatA hai / isa grantha para zrAcArya amRtacandra kI zrAtmakhyAti, jayasena kI tAtparyavRtti aura bAlacandra zradhyAtmI kI TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| niyamasAra - prastuta grantha meM 187 gAthAeM haiN| jinheM TIkAkAra maladhAri padmaprabhadeva ne 12 adhikAroM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| kintu yaha vibhAga grantha ke anurUpa nahIM hai / granthakAra ne isameM una samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra rUpa zraddhAna ko samyagdarzana batalAyA hai aura prApta Agama kA svarUpa batalAkara tattvoM kA kathana kiyA hai, pazcAt chaha dravyoM aura paMcAstikAya kA kathana hai / vyavahAranaya se pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti aura tIna gupti yaha vyavahAra cAritra hai| grAge nizcayanaya ke dRSTikoNa se pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, AlocanA, kAyotsarga, sAmAyika aura parama bhakti ina chaha AvazyakoM kA varNana kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki nizcayanaya se sarvajJa kevalaM AtmA ko jAnatA hai, aura vyavahAranaya se sabako jAnatA hai| isI prasaMga meM darzana aura jJAna kI mahatvapUrNa carcA dI / racanA mahatvapUrNa aura upayogI hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 daMsaNa pAhuDa - isameM samyagdarzana kA svarUpa zrIra mahatva 36 gAthAoM dvArA batalAyA gayA hai| dUsarI gAyA meM batAyA hai ki dharma kA mUla samyagdarzana hai / zrataH samyagdarzana se hIna puruSa vandanA karane ke yogya nahIM hai / tIsarI gAthA meM kahA hai ki jo samyagdarzana se bhraSTa hai, vaha bhraSTa hI hai, use mukti kI prApti nahIM hotI / samyagdarzana se rahita rAmI vAloM ko dhora tapa kareM to bhI unheM bodhi lAbha nahIM hotA / ityAdi aneka taraha se samyagdarzana kA svarUpa aura usakI mahattA batalAI gaI hai| carita pAhU - isameM 44 gAthAoM dvArA cAritra kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| cAritra ke do bheda haiM-samayaktvAcaraNa aura saMyamAcaraNa / niHzaMkita yAdi mrATha guNoM se viziSTa nirdoSa samyaktva ke pAlana karane ko samyaktvA caraNa cAritra kahate haiN| saMyamAcaraNa do prakAra kA hai-sAgAra aura anagAra / sAgArAcaraNa ke bheda se gyAraha pratimAoM ke nAma ginAye haiN| tathA pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvratoM ko sAgAra saMyamAcaraNa vatalAyA hai| pAMca aNuvrata prasiddha hI haiM, dizA vidizA kA pramANa, anartha daNDa tyAga ora bhogopabhoga parimANa ye tona guNavrata, sAmAdika, proSadha, atithi pUjA aura sallekhanA ye cAra zikSAvrata batalAye haiN| kintu tattvArtha sUtra meM bhogopabhoga parimANa ko zikSAvatoM meM ginAyA hai aura sallekhanA ko alaga rakhA hai| tathA deza virati nAma kA eka guNavrata batalAyA hai / anagAra dharma kA kathana karate hue pAMca iMdriyoM kA vaza karanA, paMca mahAvrata dhAraNa karanA, pAMca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM kA pAlana karanA bhanagArAcaraNa hai| ahiMsAdi vratoM kI pAMca pAMca bhAvanAeM batalAI haiN| suta pAhuDa - isameM 26 gAthAeM haiM jisameM sUtra kI paribhASA batAte hue kahA hai ki jo arahaMta ke dvArA artharUpa se bhASita aura gaNadhara dvArA kathita ho, use sUtra kahate haiN| sUtra meM jo kucha kahA gayA hai use AcArya paramparA dvArA pravartita mArga se jAnanA caahie| jaise sUtra ( dhAge) se rahita suI kho jAtI hai, vaise hI sUtra ko ( zrAgama ko ) na jAnane vAlA manuSya bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / utkRSTa cAritra kA pAlana karane vAlA bhI muni yadi svacchanda vicaraNa karane lagatA hai to vaha mithyAtva meM gira jAtA hai / gAthA 10 meM batalAyA gayA hai ki nagna rahanA aura karapuTa meM bhojana karanA yahI eka mokSamArga hai| zeSa saba zramArga haiN| bhAge batalAyA hai ki jisa sAdhu ke bAla ke agrabhAga ke barAbara bhI parigraha nahIM hai, aura pANipAtra meM bhojana karatA hai, vahI sAdhu hai| isa pAhuDa meM strI pravrajyA aura sAdhumroM ke vastra dhAraNa karane kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| Tags meM 62 gAthAoM dvArA Ayatana caityagraha, jinapratimA, darzana, jinabimba, jinamudrA, jJAna, deva, tIrtha, arhanta aura pravajyA kA svarUpa batalAyA hai| aMtima gAthAoM meM kundakunda ne apane ko bhadrabAhu kA ziSya prakaTa kiyA hai| bhAva pAhuDa meM 163 gAthAzroM dvArA bhAva kI mahattA batalAte hue bhAva ko hI guNa doSoM kA kAraNa batalAyA hai aura likhA hai ki bhAva kI vizuddhi ke liye hI bAhya parigraha kA tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| jisakA aMtaHkaraNa zuddha nahIM hai usakA bAhya tyAga vyartha hai| karor3oM varSa paryanta tapasyA karane para bhI bhAva rahita ko mukti prApta nahIM hotI / bhAva se hI liMgI hotA hai dravya se nahIM / ataH bhAva ko dhAraNa karanA Avazyaka hai / bhavyasena gyAraha aMga caudaha pUrvo ko par3hakara bhI bhAva se muni na ho skaa| kintu zivabhUti ne bhAva vizuddhi ke kAraNa 'tuSa mAsa' zabda kA uccAraNa karate karate kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| jo zarIrAdi bAhya parigrahoM ko aura mAyA kaSAyaAdi antaraMga parigrahoM ko chor3akara zrAtmA meM lIna hotA hai vaha liMgI sAdhu hai| yaha pUrA pAhuDa grantha sadupadezoM se bharA huA hai| mokkha pAhuDa kI gAthA saMkhyA 106 hai / jisameM grAtma dravya kA mahatva batalAte hue grAtmA ke tIna bhedoM ko - paramAtmya, aMtarAtmA aura bahirAtmA kI carcA karate hue bahirAtmA ko chor3akara antarAtmA ke upAya se paramAtmA ke dhyAna kI bAta kahI gaI hai| para dravya meM rata jIva karmoM se baMdhatA hai aura paradravyase virata jIva karmoM se 'chUTatA hai| saMkSepa meM bandha aura mokSa kA yaha jinopadeza hai / isa taraha isa prAbhRta meM mokSa ke kAraNa rUpa se paramAtmA ke :

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bundakundAcArya dhyAna kI AvazyakatA aura mahattA batalAI hai| ina chaha prAbhRtoM para brahma zrutasAgara kI saMskRta TIkA hai, jo prakAzita ho cukI hai| sIla pAha-isameM 40 gAthAeM haiM jisake dvArA zIla kA mahatva batalAyA gayA hai aura likhA hai ki zIla kA jJAna ke sAtha koI virodha nahIM hai| parantu mIla ke vinA viSaya-vAsanA se jJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai| jo jJAna ko pAkara bhI viSayoM meM rata rahate haiM, ve caturgatiyoM meM bhaTakate haiM aura jo jJAna ko pAkara viSayoM se virakta rahate haiM, ve bhava-bhramaNa ko kATa DAlate haiN| bArasANapekkhA (dvAdazAnuprakSA)- isameM 11 gAthAoM dvArA vairAgyotpAdaka dvAdaza anuprekSAyoM kA vahata hI sundara varNana huA hai| vastu svarUpa ke bAra-bAra cintana kA nAma anuprekSA hai| unake nAmoM kA krama isa prakAra pradhra vamasaraNamegattamANasaMsAralogamasucittaM / pAsavasaMvaraNijjaradhammaM ghohi ca citejjo|| adha va, azaraNa, ekatva, anyatva, saMsAra, loka, asucitva, prAsraba, saMbara, nirjarA, dharma aura bodhi / tatvArtha sUtrakAra ne anuprakSAmoM ke krama meM kucha parivartana kiyA hai| anityaashrnnsNsaarktvaanytvaashucyaasrvsNvnirjraalokbodhidurlbhdhrmsvaakhyaatttvaancintnmnprkssaaH'| prAcArya kundakunda ne ina bAraha bhAvanAoM ke cintana dvArA zramaNoM ke vairAgya bhAva ko sudRr3ha kiyA hai| devanandI (pUjyapAda) kI sarvArthasiddhi ke dUsare adhyAya ke 'saMsAriNo muktAzca' kI TIkA meM vArasa anuprakSA kI pAMca gAthAeuta kI haiM! rayaNasAra bhI kundakundAcArya kI kRti kahI jAtI hai, parantu usa racanA meM ekarUpatA nahIM hai-gAthAoM ko krama saMkhyA bhI bar3I huI hai, aneka gAthAeM prakSipta haiN| aisI sthiti meM jaba taka usakI jAMca dvArA mUlagAthAoM kI saMkhyA nizcita nahIM ho jAtI aura gaNa gacchAdi kI sUcaka prakSipta gAthAnoM kA nirNaya nahIM ho jAtA, taba taka use kundakundAcArya kI kUti nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| aba rahI mUlAcAra aura thiskurala ke racayitA kI bAta, so mUlAcAra ko kunda kundAcArya kI kRti kahanA yA mAnanA abhI taka vivAdAspada banA huA hai| yadyapi mUlAcAra meM kundakunda ke anya granthoM kI aneka gAthAeM bhI pAI jAtI haiM aura usakA pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke 'tiloya paNNatti' grantha meM ullekha hone se vaha ranamA purAtana hai| parantu usakA kartA vasunandi ne 'vaTTakera' sUcita kiyA hai / yadyapi vaTTa kerAcArya kA koI anya ullekha prApta nahIM hai, aura na unako guru paramparAdi kA koI ullekha upalabdha hI hai| grantha meM 'saMghavaTTa mo' jaise zabdoM kA ullekha hai, jisakA artha saMgha kA upakAra karane vAlA TIkAkAra ne kiyA hai| use kundakundAcArya kI kRti mAnane ke lie kucha Thosa pramANoM kI AvazyakatA hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki vaha mUlasaMdha kI paramparA kA grantha hai| . thirukurala-jaMna racanA hai, yaha nizcita hai| parantu vaha kundakundAcArya kI kRti hai, aura kundakundAcArya kA dUsarA nAma 'elAcArya' thA. ise pramANita karane ke liye anya prAcIna pramANoM kI AvazyakatA hai| usake pramANita hone para thiskurala ko kundakunda kI racanA mAnane meM koI saMkoca nahIM ho sktaa| sva. pro0 cakravartI ne isa dizA meM jo zodha-khoja kI hai, vaha anukaraNIya hai| anya vidvAnoM ko isa para vicAra kara antima nirNaya karanA Avazyaka hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki vaha kundakundAcArya kI hI racanA ho| bhakti saMgraha prAkRta bhASA kI kucha bhaktiyA~ bhI kundakundAcArya kI kRti mAnI jAtI haiM / bhaktiyoM ke TIkAkAra prabhAcandrAcArya ne likhA hai ki-'saMskRtA sarvA bhaktayaH pAdapUjya svAmikRtAH prAkRtAstu kundkundaacaarykRtaaH|' arthAt saMskRta

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 kI saba bhaktiyA~ pUjyapAda kI banAI huI haiM aura prAkRta kI saba bhaktiyA~ kundakundAcArya kRta haiN| donoM bhaktiyoM para prabhAcandrAcArya kI TIkAeM haiN| kundakundAcArya kI ATha bhaktiyA~ haiM jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM / 1 siddhabhakti 2 zruta bhakti, 3 cAritrabhakti, 4 yogi (anagAra) bhakti, 5 AcArya bhakti, 6 nirvANa bhakti, 7 paMcaguru (parameSThi) bhakti, 8 thosmAmi budi (tIrthaMkara bhakti ) / siddha bhakti- isameM 12 gAthAoM dvArA siddhoM ke guNoM, bheToM, sukha, sthAna, AkRti, siddhi ke mArga tathA krama kA ullekha karate hue prati bhaktibhAva se unakI vandanA ko gaI hai| zrutabhakti ekAdaza gAthAtmaka isa bhakti meM jaina zruta ke AcArAMgAdi dvAdaza aMgoM kA bheda-prabheda - sahita ullekha karake unheM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI, 14 pUrvI meM se pratyeka kIvastu saMkhyA aura pratyeka pAhuDoM (prAbhRtoM) kI saMkhyA bhI dI hai| ke vastu cAritra bhakti - daza anuSTup padyoM meM zrI vardhamAna praNIta sAmAyika, chedopasthApana, parihAra vizuddhi, sUkSmasAmparAya aura yathAkhyAta nAma ke pAMca cAritroM, zrahiMsAdi 28 mUlaguNoM, dazadharmo, triguptiyoM, sakala zIloM, pariSahjayoM aura uttara guNoM kA ullekha karake unakI siddhi aura siddhi phala ( mukti sukha ) ko kAmanA kI hai| 854 yogI (nagara) bhakti - yaha bhakti pATha 23 gAthAtmaka hai| isameM jaina sAdhuoM ke prAdarza jIvana aura unakI caryA kA sundara akana kiyA gayA hai| una yogiyoM kI aneka avasthAoM, RddhiyoM, siddhiyoM tathA guNoM kA ullekha karate hue unheM bhaktibhAva se namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| aura unake vizeSaNa rUpa, guNoM kA - do dosavippamuk tidaMDavirata. tisallaparisuddha, caudasagaMthaparisuddha, caudasapuNyapagambha aura caudasamalavivajjida - vAkyoM dvArA ullekha kiyA hai, jisase isa bhaktipATha kI mahattA kA patA calatA hai / AcArya bhakti- isameM dasa gAthAmroM dvArA AcArya parameSThI ke khAsa guNoM kA ullekha karate hue unheM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| nirmANa bhakti - 27 gAthAtmaka isa bhakti meM nirvANa ko prApta hue tIrthakaroM tathA dUsare pUtAtma puruSoM ke nAmoM kA una sthAnoM ke nAma sahita smaraNa tathA vandanA kI gaI hai jahA~ se unhoMne nirvANa pada kI prApti ko hai / isa bhakti pATha meM kitanI hI aitihAsika aura paurANika bAtoM evaM anubhUtiyoM kI jAnakArI milatI hai| (parameSThi) bhakti - isameM sRgviNI chanda ke chaha padyoM meM grarhat, siddha, zrAcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu aise pAMca puruSoM kA -- parameSThiyoM kA stotra aura usakA phala diyA hai aura paMca parameSThiyoM ke nAma dekara unheM namaskAra karake unase bhava bhava meM sukha kI prArthanA kI gaI hai| paMca stAmi buddhi (tIrthakara bhakti ) - yaha 'thorasAmi' pada se prArambha hone vAlI aSTa gAthAtmaka stuti hai jise 'titthayarabhatti' kahate haiN| isameM vRSabhAdi varddhamAna paryanta catuvizati tIrthakaroM kI unake nAmollekha pUrvaka vandanA kI gaI hai / prAcArya kundakunda ne apanI koI guru paramparA nahIM dI aura na apane granthoM meM unake nAmAdi kA tathA rAjAdi kA ullekha hI kiyA hai| kintu bodha pAhuDa kI 61 naM0 kI gAthA meM apane ko bhadrabAhu kA ziSya sUcita kiyA hai' / aura 62 naM0 kI gAthA meM bhadrabAhu zruta kevalI kA paricaya dete hue unheM apanA gamaka guru batalAyA hai| maura likhA hai ki- jinendra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne artha rUpa se jo kathana kiyA hai vaha bhASA sUtroM meM zabda vikAra ko prApta huA hai- aneka prakAra se gUMthA gayA hai / bhadrabAhu ke mujha ziSya ne usako usI rUpa se jAnA hai aura kathana kiyA hai| dUsarI gAthA meM batAyA hai ki-- bAraha zraMgoM aura caudaha pUrvo ke vipula vistAra ke vettA gamaka guru bhagavAna zrutajJAnI takevalI bhadrabAhu jayavanta hoM / 1. sadviyAro huo bhAsAsutaM jaM jiNe kahiye / so vaha kahiyaM pAyaM sIserAya bhadavAsa / / 61 vArasa gaviyAraNaM caudasaguDadaMga viu vityaraNaM / suvAsI bhavAha gamayaguru bhagavao jayabho // 62

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kundakundAcArya ye donoM gAthAeM paraspara sambaddha haiN| pahalI gAthA meM kundakunda ne apane ko jisa bhadrabAhu kA ziSya kahA hai, dUsarI gAthA meM unhIM kA jayakAra kiyA hai aura ve bhadrabAhu dhuta kevalI hI haiN| isakA samarthana samaya prAbhUta kI prathama gAthA' se bhI hotA hai| unhoMne usa gAthA ke uttarArdha meM kahA hai ki -zrata kevalI ke dvArA pratipAdita samaya prAbhUta ko kahUMgA / yaha zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu ke sivAya dUsare nahIM ho sakate / zravaNabelagola ke aneka zilAlekhoM meM yaha bAta aMkita hai ki-apane zithya candragupta maurya ke sAtha bhadrabAhu vahA~ padhAre the, aura vahIM unakA svargavAsa hamA thA / isa ghaTanA ko aneka aitihAsika vidvAna tathyarUpa meM mAnate haiN| ataH kundakunda ke dvArA unakA apane guru rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA jAnA ukta ghaTanA kI satyatA ko pramANita karatA hai| kintu kundakunda bhadrabAhu ke samakAlIna nahIM jAna par3ate, kyoMki aMgajJAniyoM kI paramparA meM unakA nAma nahIM hai| kintu ve unakI paramparA meM hae avazya haiM / para itanA spaSTa hai ki bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI dakSiNa bhArata meM gae the, aura vahAM unake ziSya-aziSyoM dvArA jana dharma kA prasAra huA thaa| ataH kundakunda ne unheM gamaka guru ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| ve unake sAkSAta ziSya nahIM the| paramparA ziSya avazya the| unakA samaya chaha sau tirAsI varSa kI kAlagaNanA ke bhItara ho pAtA hai| meM koMgaNi vanAkintu isama va mUlasaMgha mora kunyakundAnvaya bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM jaina sAdhu sampradAya 'nirgrantha' sampradAya ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| iso kAraNa bauddha tripiTakoM meM mahAvIra ko 'nirgaTha nATapuna lidA milatA hai| prazoka ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI 'nirgaTha' zabda se usa kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| __ kundakundAcArya mUlasaMgha ke prAdi pravartaka mAne jAte haiM / kundakundAnvaya kA sambandha bhI inhoM se kahA gayA hai| vastutaH kauNDakuNDapura se nikale munibaMza ko kundakundAnvaya kahA gayA hai / kundakundAnvaya kA ullekha zaka saM. 38 ke markarA ke tAmrapatra meM pAyA jAtA hai| markarA kA tAmra patra zilAlekha naM064 se bilkUla milatA hai| zilAlekha naM064 ve meM koMgaNi varmA ne jisa mUlasaMgha ke pramukha candranandi prAcArya ko bhUmidAna diyA hai usI ko dAna dene kA ullekha markarA ke dAna patra meM bhI hai| kintu isameM candranandi kI guru paramparA bhI dI hai aura unheM dezogaNa kundakundAnvaya kA batalAyA hai| lekha naM064 kA anumAnita samaya IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa hai paura markarA ke tAmrapatra meM prakita samaya ke anusAra usakA samaya I. san 466 hotA hai| koNi varmA ke patra vinIta kA samaya 480I0 se 520I0 ke madhya baiThatA hai| ata: tAmrapatra ke aMkita samaya meM koMgaNi varmAvarta. mAna thA, jisane candranandi ko dAna diyaa| candranandi kI guru paramparA meM guNacandra, abhayanandi, zIlabhadra, jayanATi gaNamandi, candranandi prAdi kA nAmollekha hai| isameM nandyanta nAma adhika pAye jAte haiN| mUlasaMgha kI paramparA bhI prAcIna hai| mUlAcAra kA nAma nirdeza prAcArya yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNatti meM hai| tiloyapaNNatti IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM niSpanna ho cukI thii| ataH mUlAcAra caturtha zatAbdI se pUrva racA gayA hogaa| mUlAcAra mUlasaMgha se sambaddha hai| prAcArya kundakunda kA karnATaka prAnta ke sAghupoM para bahata bar3A prabhAva thaa| sA kI 5 vIra kundakunda kA samaya nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM likhA hai ki kundakunda vi0 saM0 46 meM prAcArya pada para pratiSThita hue| 44 varSa kI avasthA meM unheM prAcArya pada milaa| 51 varSa 10 mahIne taka ve usa pada para pratiSThita rahe / unakI kula mAyu 65 varSa 10 mahIne aura 15 dina kI thii| 1. baMdisa sabasiddha ghuvamavalamaNokyaM gaI patte / bokchAmi samayapAhuDa miNamo suyakevalI bhariNayaM // 1 2. zilAlekha saM. bhA. 1 lekha naM. 1,17, 18, 40, 54, 108

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 pro0 hArnale dvArA sampAdita nandisaMgha kI paTTAvaliyoM ke AdhAra se pro0 cakravartI ne paMcAstikAya kI prastAvanA meM kundakunda ko pahalI zatAbdI kA vidvAna mAnA hai / kundakundAcArya ke samaya ke sambandha meM aneka vidvAnoM ne vicAra kiyA hai| una sabake vicAroM para pravacanasAra kI vistRta prastAvanA meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| anta meM DA0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhyAya ne jo niSkarSa nikAlA hai, use nIce diyA jAtA hai :-- 86 ve likhate haiM- 'kundakunda ke samaya ke sambandha meM kI gaI isa lambI carcA ke prakAza meM jisameM hamane upalabdha paramparAoM kI pUrI taraha se chAnabIna karane tathA bibhinna dRSTikoNoM se samasyA kA mUlya grAMkane ke pazcAt kevala saMbhAvanAoM ko samajhane kA prayatna kiyA hai hamane dekhA ki paramparA unakA samaya IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI kA uttarArdhaM zrara IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI kA pUrvAdhaM batalAtI hai / kundakunda se pUrva paT khaNDAgama kI samApti kI sambhAvanA unheM IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke madhya ke pazcAt rakhatI hai| markarA ke tAmrapatra meM unako antima kAlAafa tIsarI zatAbdI kA madhya honA cAhie / carcita maryAdAyoM ke prakAza meM ye sambhAvanAeM ki kundakunda pallava vaMzI rAjA zivaskanda ke samakAlIna the aura yadi kucha aura nizcita prAdhAroM para yaha pramANita ho jAya ki vahI elAcArya the to unhoMne kurala ko rakhA mA sucita karatI hai ki pramANoM ke prakAza meM kunda ke samaya kI maryAdA IsA kI prathama do zatAbdiyoM honI caahie| upalabdha sAmagrI ke isa vistRta paryavekSaNa ke pazcAt maiM vizvAsa karatA hU~ ki kundakunda kA samaya IsvI san kA prArambha hai / / (pravacana0 pra0 pR0 22) isase spaSTa hai ki AcArya kundakunda IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke Arambha ke vidvAna haiN| guNavIra paMDila 'kunda yaha kalandeke vAcAnanda muni ke ziSya the| inhoMne malayapura ke neminAtha mandira meM baiThakara 'neminAtham' nAmaka vizAla tamila vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kI thI / grantha ke prArambha ke padyoM meM batalAyA hai ki jala-pravAha ke dvArA malayapura jaina mandira ke vinAza hone ke pUrva yaha grantha racA gayA thaa| yaha grantha prasiddha veNavA chaMda meM hai| madurA ke tamila saMgama ke adhikAriyoM ne ise thena tamila nAma ke patra meM purAtana TIkA ke sAtha chapAyA thaa| guNavIra paNDita kA samaya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI hai / isI se inakI yaha racanA IsvI san ke prArambha kAla kI kahI jAtI hai| tolakappiya yaha tamila bhASA ke vyAkaraNa kA vettA aura racayitA thA / yaha prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa thA / isake race vyAkaraNa kA nAma tola kappiya hai| yaha jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA / hue inda ke saMskRta vyAkaraNa meM" tolakappiya kA nirdeza hai / indra kA samaya 350 I0 pUrva hai| ataH prAcIna vyAkaraNa tolakalpiya ke samaya kI uttarAvadhi 350 I0 pUrva nizcita hotI hai| madurA tamila kI patrikA kI 'senatamila ( ji0 18, 1916-20 pR0 336 ) meM zrI esa kyApuripille kA eka lekha prakAzita huA thA, usameM unhoMne likhA thA ki- 'tolakappiya jainadharmAnuyAyI thA aura isa sambandha meM unakI mukhya dalIla (yukti ) yaha thI ki tolakapiya ke samakAlIna panayAranAra ne tolakappiya ko mahAn aura prakhyAt 'paDimai' likhA hai / paDimai prAkRta bhASA ke 'paDimA ' zabda se banAyA gayA hai / paDimA (pratimA) eka jaina zabda hai, jo jaMnAcAra ke niyamoM kA sUcaka hai| zrI pille ne tola kappiyam ke sUtroM kA uddharaNa dekara likhA hai ki maraviyala vibhAga meM ghAsa aura vRkSa ke 1 1. mekaDonala - hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara pU0 11 2. sTeDIja sA0 i0 jainijma pR0 36 1

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umAsvAti (picchAcArya samAna jIvoM ko ekendriya, ghoMghe ke samAna jIvoM ko do indriya, coMTI ke samAna jIvoM ko tIna indriya, kaMkar3e ke samAna jIvoM ko cauindriya aura bar3e prANiyoM ke samAna jIvoM ko paMcendriya batAyA hai tathA manuSya ke samAna anya jIvoM kA yaha vibhAga anya darzanoM meM nahIM pAyA jAtA / ataH yaha tamila vyAkaraNa grantha eka prAmANika jaina vidvAna kI kRti hai| umAsvAti (gRddhapicchAcArya) mUlasaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM kundakundAcArya ke bAda umAsvAmi (ti) cAlIsa barSa 8 dina taka nandisaMgha ke paTTa para rhe| zravaNabelagola ke 65ve zilAlekha meM likhA hai tasyAnvaye bhUvidite babhUva yaH pacanandi prathamAbhidhAnaH / zrI kundakundAdimunIzvarAtyaH satsaMyamAdudgatacAraNakhiH / / 5 abhavamAsvAti munIzvaro'sAvAcAryazabdottaragarapichaH / tadanvaye tatsadazo'sti nAnyastAtkAlikAzeSapadArthavedI / / 6 arthAt jinacandrasvAmI ke jagat prasiddha anvaya meM 'padmanandI' prathama isa nAma ko dhAraNa karane vAle zro kundakunda nAma ke munirAja hue| jinheM satsaMyama ke prabhAva se cAraNaRddhi prApta huI thii| unhIM kundakunda ke manvaya meM umAsvAti munirAja hue, jo gRpicchAcArya nAma se prasiddha the usa samaya gRpicchAcArya ke samAna samasta padArthoM ko jAnane vAlA koI dUsarA vidvAna nahIM thaa| zravaNabelagola ke 258 zilAlekha meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gaI hai| unake vaMzarUpI prasiddha khAna se aneka munirUparatnoM kI mAlA prakaTa huii| usI muniratnamAlA ke bIca meM maNi ke samAna kundakunda ke nAma se prasiddha mojasvI prAcArya he| unhIM ke pavitra vaza meM samasta padArthoM ke jJAtA umAsvAmi muni hue, jinhoMne jinAgama ko sUtrarUpa meM grathita kiyaa| yaha prANiyoM kI rakSA meM atyanta sAvadhAna the| ataeva unhoMne mayurapiccha ke gira jAne para guddhapicchoM ko dhAraNa kiyA thaa| usI samaya se vidvAna loga unheM gaddhapicchAcArya kahane lge| aura gaddhapicchAcArya unakA upanAma rUr3ha ho gyaa| vIrasenAcArya ne apanI dhavalA TIkA meM tatvArthasUtra ke kartA ko gaddhapicchAcArya likhA hai| prAcArya vidyAnanda ne bhI apane zloka vArtika meM unakA ullekha kiyA hai| prAcArya pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi ke prArambha meM jo varNana kiyA hai vaha atyanta mArmika hai : "manipariSaNmadhye samniSaSNaM martamiva mokSamArgamavAgvisarga vapuSA nirUpayantaM yuktyAgama kuzalaM parahita pratipAvanakakAryamArya niSevyaM nigranthAcAryavayaMm / " 1. tadIyavaMzA karataH prasiddhAdabhUdadoSA yati ratnamAlA / babhau vadantamaM riNavanmunIndraH sa kundakundoditacaNDadaNTaH / / 10 abhUdumAsvAti muniH pavitra vaize tadIye sklaadhNvedii| sUtrIkRtaM yena jinapraNItaM zAstrArthajAtaM munipuGgavena // 11 sa prANisaMrakSaNe'vadhAno babhAra yogI kila gaDapichadrAn / tadA prabhutyeva budhA yamAhurAcAryazabdottaragRddhapiccham // 12 2. taha gaddhapicchAiriyappayAsida taccatvamutta vi-"vartanA pariNAmakriyAparatvAparatve ca kAlasya / " (dhavalA. pu. 4 10 316) 3. "etena gaddhapicchAcArya paryanta munimUtrae vyabhicAritA nirastA prakRta suutre"| tatvArtha zloka vA.pu.6

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jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 ve munirAja sabhA ke madhya meM virAjamAna the jo binA vacana bole apane zarIra se hI mAno mUtidhArI mokSa mArga kA nirUpaNa kara rahe the| yukti aura pAgama meM kuzala the, parahita kA nirUpaNa karanA hI jinakA eka kArya thA, tathA uttamottama mArya puruSa jinakI sevA karate the, aise digambarAcArya gaddhapicchAcArya the| maisUra prAnta ke magaratAlluka ke 463 zilAlekha meM likhA hai tasvArthasUtrakartAramumAsvAti munIzvaram / zrutame zAmitIya janato gunnmvirm|' maiM tattvArthasUtra ke kartA, guNoM ke mandira evaM zrutakevalI ke tulyaM zrI umAsvAti munirAja ko namaskAra karatA huuN| tattvArthasUtra kI mUla pratiyoM ke anta meM prApta hone vAle nimna padya meM tattvArtha sUtra ke kartA, gaddhapicchopalakSita umAsvAmi yA umAsvAti manirAja kI bandanA kI gaI hai| 'tattvArthasUtrakartAraM gRja picchopalakSitam / vande gaNIndra saMjAta mumAsvAmi (ti) munIzvaram / / isa taraha umAsvAti prAcArya, umAsvAmI praura gaddhapicchAcArya nAma se bhI loka meM prasiddha rahe haiN| mahA kavi pampa (41) I0 ne apane prAdi purANa meM umAsvAti ko 'pAryanuta gadrapicchAcArya' likhA hai| isI taraha cAmuNDarAya (vi0 saM01035) ne apane triSaSThilakSaNa purANa meM tatvArthasutrakartA ko gaDapicchAcArya likhA hai| AcArya vAdirAja (zaka saM0647-vi0 saM0 1062) ne apane pArzvanAthacarita meM prAcArya gupiccha kA nimna zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai : patuccha guNasaMpAta gaDapiccha nato'smi tam / pakSI kurvanti yaM bhavyA nirvANAyospatiSNavaH / / maiM una gaddhapiccha ko namaskAra karatA hai, jo mahAna guNoM ke pAkara haiM, jo nirvANa ko ur3akara pahaMcane kI icchA rakhane vAle bhavyoM ke lie paMkhoM kA kAma dete haiN| anya aneka uttaravartI AcAryoM ne bhI tasvArthasUtra ke kartA kA gaddhapicchAcArya rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| zravaNabelagola ke 105veM zilAlekha meM likhA hai ki--prAcArya umAsvAti khyAti prApta vidvAna the| yatiyoM ke adhipati umAsvAti ne tatsvArtha sUtra ko prakaTa kiyA hai, jo mokSamArga meM udyata hue prajAjanoM ke lie utkRSTa pAtheya kA kAma detA hai| jinakA dUsarA nAma gRpiccha hai| unake eka ziSya balAkapiccha the, jinake sUkti-ratna muktyaMganA ke mohana karane ke lie mAbhUSaNoM kA kAma dete haiN| ina saba ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki unakA gRddhapicchArya nAma bahuta prasiddha thaa| ve jinAgama ke pAragAmI vidvAna the| isI se tattvArthasUtra ke TIkAkAra samantabhadra, pUjyapAda, akalaMka aura vidyAnanda prAdi muniyoM ne bar3e hI zraddhApUrNa zabdoM meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. basumatige negale tatvArthasUtramaveTadagudApicchAcAryA / jasadi-digamtamaM mudrisi jinazAsanavamatimeyaM prakaTasidara 3 2. vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna bAlacanda muni ne tattvArthasUtra kI kanar3I TIkA meM jamAsvAti nAma ke sAtha gahapicchAcArya kA bhI nAma diyA hai| 3. zrImAnumAsvAtiraya yatIzastattvArtha sUtra prakaTIcakAra / yanmuktimArgAcaraNodhatAnA pAtheyamarthya bhavati prajAnAm // 15 taspaida ziSyo'jani gaddhapiccha dvitIya saMjasya banAkapicchaH / yasUktiraranAni bhavanti loke mukatyaMganAmohanamaNDanAni // 16

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umAsvAti (guddhapicchAcArya) racanA gRddha picchAcArya kI isa racanA kA nAma 'tattvArthasUtra' hai| prastuta grantha daza adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai| isameM jIvAdi saptatattvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya meM yaha saMskRtabhASA kA eka maulika prAdya sUtra grantha hai| isake pahale saMskRtabhASA meM jana sAhitya kI racanA huI hai, isakA koI AdhAra nahIM miltaa| yaha eka laghukAya sUtra grantha hote hue bhI usameM prameyoM kA bar3I sundaratA se kathana kiyA gayA hai / racanA praur3ha aura gambhIra hai / isameM jainadAGmaya kA rahasya antanihita hai / isa kAraNa yaha anya jaina paramparA meM samAnarUpa se mAnya hai| dArzanika jagata meM to yaha prasiddha hayA hI hai| kintu prAdhyAtmika jagata meM isakA samAdara kama nahIM hai| hindunA meM jisa taraha gItA kA, musalamAnoM meM kurAna kA, aura IsAiyoM meM cAibila kA jo mahattva hai vahI mahatva jaina paramparA meM tattvArtha sUtra ko prApta hai| grantha ke daza adhyAyoM meM se prathama ke cAra adhyAyoM meM jIva tattva kA, pAMcaveM adhyAya meM ajIva tattva kA, chaThaveM aura sAtaveM adhyAya meM prAstravatattva kA, pATaveM adhyAya meM bandhatattva kA, navameM adhyAya meM saMbara aura nirjarA kA aura daza adhyAya meM mokSatattva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| tattvArtha sUtra kA nimna maMgala padya sUtrakAra kI kRti hai| isakA nirdeza prAcArya vidyAnanda ne kiyA hai| mokSamArgasya netAraM bhesAraM karmabhabhutAm / jJAtAraM vizyatatvAnAM yanye tadguNa lamdhaye / / anya kucha vidvAna ise sutrakAra kI kRti nahIM maante| usameM yaha hetu dete haiM ki pUjyapAda ne usakI TIkA nahIM kI, ataeva vaha padya sUtrakAra kI kRti nahIM hai, kintu yaha koI niyAmaka nahIM hai ki TIkAkAra magala padya kI bhI TIkA kare hI kre| TIkAkAra kI marjI hai ki vaha maMgala padya kI TIkA kare yA na kare, isake lie TIkAkAra kI koI jimmedArI nahIM hai| phira isa maMgala padya meM vahI viSaya vaNita hai jo tattvArtha sUtra ke daza adhyAyoM meM cacita hai| mokSamArga kA netRtva, vizvatatva kA jJAna, aura karma ke vinAza kA ullekha hai| isase maMgala padya sUtrakAra kI kRti jAna par3atA hai| prAcArya vidyAnanda ne spaSTa rUpa se 'svAmimImAMsitam, vAkya dvArA samantabhadra ko prAptamImAMsA kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataeva vidyAnanda kI dRSTi meM ukta padya sUtrakAra kA hI hai| tatvArtha sUtra kI mahimA prasiddha hai : dazAdhyAye paricchanne tatvArtha paThate sati / phalaM syAdupavAsasya bhASitaM munipuMgavaH / / dazAdhyAya pramANa tatvArthasUtra kA pATha aura anugamana karane para muni puMgavoM ne eka upavAsa kA phala batalAyA hai / eka upavAsa karane para karma kI jitanI nirjarA hotI hai, utanI nirjarA artha samajhate hae tatvArtha satra ke pATha karane se hotI hai| isI kAraNa se digambara sampradAya meM to pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazI ko striyAM aura puruSa usakA pATha karate aura sunate hai / daza lakSaNa parva ke dinoM meM isake eka eka adhyAya para pratidina pravacana hote haiM aura janatA inheM bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha zravaNa karatI hai| isakI mahattA isase bhI jJAta hotI hai ki donoM sampradAyoM meM isa sUtra grantha para mahatvapUrNa TIkA-TippaNI likhe gae haiN| digambara sampradAya meM isa para gandhahasti mahAbhASya, tatvArthavRtti, sarvArtha siddhi, tatvArtharAjavAtika, tatvArthazlokavAtika tatvArthavatti (zrutasAgarI) aura bhAskaranandi kI sukhabodhavRtti prAdi aneka TIkA grantha likhe gae haiN| dazavIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya amRtacandra ne ukta tatvArtha sUtra kA saMskRta padyAnuvAda kiyA hai| zravaNa belagola ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki zivakoTi ne bhI tatvArthasUtra kI koI TIkA likhI hai, jaisA ki zilAlekha ke nimna padya se spaSTa hai| "ziSyo tadIyo zikSakoTisaristapolatAlambana dehyssttiH| 'saMsAravArAkarapotametattatvArthasUtraM tadataMcakAra // "

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jana dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 yadyapi yaha TIkA anupalabdha hai isa kAraNa isake sambandha meM kucha likhanA sambhava nahIM hai, parantu yaha padya usa TIkA para se liyA gayA jAna par3atA hai| vartamAna meM tattvArtha sUtra ke do pATha pracalita haiM-eka sarvArthasiddhimAnya digambara sutrapATha, aura dasarA bhASyamAnya zvetAmbara sutrapATha / zvetAmbara sampradAya tattvArthAdhigama bhASya ko svopajJa mAnatI hai, para usa para vicAra karane se usakI svopajJatA nahIM bntii| kyoMki mUlasUtra aura bhASya eka kartA hI ko kRti nahIM mAlUma hote / tattvArtha sUtra prAcIna hai aura bhASya arvAcIna hai, bhAdhya likhate samaya sarvArthasiddhimAnya sUtrapATha thA / isake lie prathama adhyAya ke 20veM sUtra kI TIkA dRSTavya hai / kahA jAtA hai ki mUlasUtra aura usakA bhASya ye donoM vilkula zvetAmbarIya zruta ke anukUla haiM, ataeva sUtrakAra umAsvAti zvetAmbara paramparA ke vidvAna haiN| para aisA nahIM hai, bhASyakAra zvetAmbara vidvAna haiM, kintu sUtrakAra digambara vidvAna haiN| yaha tattvArtha sUtra ke katipaya mUlasUtroM para se spaSTa hai, ve digambara paramparA sammata haiM, zvetAmbara paramparA sammata nahIM haiN| udAharaNa svarUpa solahakAraNa bhAvanAoM yAlA sUtra, aura 22 parISahoM kA kathana karane vAle sutra meM 'nAnya' zabda / / yadi bhASyakAra aura sUtrakAra eka hote to bhASya kA mala satroM ke sAtha virodha, matabheda, arthabheda, tathA artha kI prasaMgati na hotI, aura na bhASya kA prAgama se virodha hI hotA kintu bhASya meM artha kI prasaMgati aura prAgama se virodha dekhA jAtA hai| 1 aisI sthiti meM vaha mUla sUtrakAra ko kRti kaise ho sakatA hai ? sUtra aura bhASya kA aAgama se bhI birodha upalabdha hotA hai| zvetAmbarIya uttarAdhyayana ke 283 adhyayana meM mokSamArga kA varNana karate hue usake cAra kAraNa batalAye haiM, jJAna, darzana, cAritra aura tapa / jaba ki tattvArthasUtra ke prathama adhyAya ke pahale sUtra meM tIna kAraNa darzana, jJAna aura cAritra batalAye haiN| zvetAmbarIya prAgama meM sat prAdi anuyoga dvAroM kI saMkhyA 6 mAnI hai| jaba ki bhASya meM pATha anuyoga dvAroM kA ullekha hai| zvetAmbarIya sUtra pATha ke dUsare adhyAya meM 'nirvatyupakaraNe dravyendriyam' nAma kA jo 17vAM sUtra hai, usake bhASya meM upakaraNa bAhyAbhyAntara isa vAkya ke dvArA upakaraNa ke vAhya aura abhyantara aise do bheda bAhya kiye gaye haiN| parantu zve0 Agama meM upakaraNa ke ye do bhedanahIM mAne gaye haiN| isI se siddhasena gaNI apanI TIkA meM likhate haiMmAgame tu nAsti kavicavanta hi va upakaraNasyetyAcAryasyaiva kuto'pi sampradAya iti|" pAgama meM upakaraNa kA koI antarvAhya bheda nahIM hai| prAcArya kA hI kahIM se koI sampradAya hai| bhASyakAra ne kisI mAnyatA para se use aMgIkRta kiyA hai| upakaraNa ke ina donoM bhedoM kA ullekha pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi 2-17kI vRtti meM kiyA hai| isase bhASyakAra ne ukta donoM bheda sarvArthasiddhi se liye haiN| isase bhI bhASyakAra pUjyapAda ke bAda ke vidvAna haiN| jaba mUlasUtrakAra aura bhASyakAra jude jude vidvAna haiM taba unakA samaya eka kaise ho sakatA hai ? sAtha hI sUtrakAra prAcIna aura bhASyakAra arvAcIna Thaharate haiM / ataH bhASya kI svopajJatA saMbhava nahIM hai| samaya tattvArtha sUtra ke kartA umAsvAti (gRpicchAcArya) cUMki kundakundAnvaya meM hue haiM, inake tasvArthasUtra ke maMgala padya ko lekara vidyAnanda ke anusAra svAmI samantabhadra ne Apta kI mImAMsA kI hai| samantabhadrAcArya kA samaya vikrama kI dvitIya zatAbdI mAnA jAya to ubhAsvAti unase pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI ke vidvAna hone caahiye| zilAlekhAnusAra inake ziSya kA nAma balAkapiccha thaa| zvetAmbarIya mAnya vidvAna paM0 sukhalAla jI ne umAsvAti kA samaya tasvArthasatra kI prastAvanA meM vikrama kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI batalAyA hai| yaha samaya bhASya kI svopajJatA ko dRSTi meM rakhakara batalAyA gayA hai| 1.se ki ta araNagame ? nava bihe paNa teM / anuyoga dvAra sUtra 80 2. sat saMkhyA kSetra sparzana kAlaH antarabhAkaH alpabahatva mirapetezca samatapada prarUpaNAdibhiraSTAbhiranuyogadvAraH sarvabhAvAnA (taravAnA) vikalpazo vistarASiyamo bhavati / " . 3. zvetAmbara tattvArthasUtra aura usake bhASya kI jAMca nAma kA lekha / anekAnta varSa 5 ki0 3-4 pU. 107, ki.55. 173

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--. .- ----- - - balAkapiccha balApiccha koNDa kUndAnvayogapicchAcArya (umAsvAti) ke ziSya the| ye bar3e vidvAna tapasvI the| unakI kIti bhuvanatraya meM vyApta thii| unake guNanandI nAma ke ziSya the, jo cAritra cakrezvara aura tarka vyAkaraNAdi zAstroM meM nipuNa the| inakA samaya saMbhavataH dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI hai| dUsarI sadI ke prAcArya llaMgovADigala yaha cera rAjakumAra maMgoTTavana kA bhAI thA aura jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA para isakA bhAI zeMgoTTavana zavadharma anuyAyI thA / isakI racanA tamila bhASA kA prasiddha grantha zilappadi kAram' hai / usa samaya vahAM dhArmika sahanazIlatA thI aura rAjagharAnoM taka meM jainadharma kA praveza ho cukA thaa| isa grantha kA racanA kAla IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI hai| isa grantha meM tathA maNimekhale meM tatkAlIna dravir3a saMskRti kA spaSTa citra dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa kAvya meM jaina AcAra vicAroM ke tathA jaina vidyA kendroM ke ullekha se pAThakoM ke mana para nissandeha prabhAva par3e vinA nahIM rahatA, ki dravir3oM kA bahabhAga usa samaya jaina dharma ko apanAye hue thaa| zilappAdi kAra kI kathA bar3I rocaka mArmika aura aitihAsika hai| zilappadikArama kI pramukha pAtrA kauntI eka jaina sAdhvo hai, aura jaina dharma ko saMpAlikA hai, jina deva aura unake siddhAntoM para usakI bar3I prAsthA hai, vaha eka sthAna para kahatI hai: jisane rAga, dveSa aura moha ko jIta liyA hai, mere karNa usake atirikta anya kisI kA bhI upadeza nahIM sunanA cAhate, merI jihvA kAma jesA bhagavAna ke 1 hajAra pATha 1008 nAmoM ke sivAya anya kucha bhI kahanA nahIM caahtii| merI prAMkheM usa svayambhU ke caraNa yugala ke sivA anya kucha nahIM dekhanA cAhatIM / mere donoM hAtha arhanta ke sivA kisI anya ke abhivAdana meM kabhI nahIM jur3a sakate / merA mastaka phUloM ke Upara calane vAle prahanta ke sivAya anya koI phUla dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA / merA mana arhanta bhagavAna ke vacanoM ke sivA anya kisI meM bhI nahIM ramatA / kartA ne anya dharmoM ke sambandha meM bhI acchA kahA hai / yadyapi grantha meM vividha saMskRtiyoM aura dharmoM kA citraNa hai, kintu usakA pakSapAta jainadharma kI pora hai| grantha meM ahiMsAdi siddhAntoM kI pracchI vivecanA ko hai| kartA kA dRSTikoNa udAra maura zailI sundara hai| isa kAraNa yaha anya sabhI ko rucikara hai| 1. zrI gRpicchamunipasya balAkapicchaH ziSyo'janiSTa bhuvanazyatikIti / cAripacara khilAvanipAta mauli-mAlAzilImukhavirAjitapAdapadyaH / / ---jainalekha saM0mAga 1pR072

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AcArya samantabhadra jIvana-paricaya zrAcArya samantabhadra vikrama kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatAbdI ke prasiddha tArkika vidvAna the| ve asAdhAraNa vidyA ke dhanI the, aura unameM kavitva evaM vAgmitvAdi zaktiyA~ vikAsa ko caramAvasthA ko prApta ho gaI thIM / samantabhadra kA janma dakSiNa bhArata meM huA thaa| ve eka kSatriya rAjaputra the| unake pitA phaNimaNDalAntargata urakhapura ke rAjA the / unakA janma nAma zAntiva thaa| unhoMne kahAM aura kisake dvArA zikSA pAI, isakA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| unakI kRtiyoM kA adhyayana karane se yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki unako jainadharma meM bar3I zraddhA thI, aura unakA usake prati bhArI anurAga thaa| ve usakA pracAra karanA cAhate the / isIlie unhoMne rAjya vaibhava ke moha kA parityAga kara guru se jaina dIkSA le lI, aura tapazcaraNa dvArA Atmazakti ko bddh'aayaa| samantabhadra kA muni jIvana mahAn tapasvI kA jIvana thaa| ve grahiMsAdi paMca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karate the aura IrSyA-bhASA evaNAdi pAMca samitiyoM dvArA unheM puSTa karate the| paMca indriyoM ke nigraha meM sadA tatpara, mana-vacana-kAyarUpa guptizraya ke pAlana meM dhIra, aura sAmAyikAdi SaDAvazyaka oiN ke anuSThAna meM sadA sAvadhAna rahate the aura isa bAtakA sadA dhyAna rakhate the ki merI dainikacaryA yA kaSAyabhAva ke udaya se kabhI kisI jIva ko kaSTa na pahu~ca jAya / athavA pramAdavaza koI bAdhA na utpanna ho jAya / isa kAraNa ve dina meM padamadita mArga se calate the| calate samaya ve apanI dRSTi ko idhara udhara nahIM ghumAte the; kintu unakI dRSTi sadA mAgaMzodhana meM agrasara rahatI thii| ve rAtri meM gamana nahIM karate the aura nidrAmaiM bhI ye itanI sAvadhAnI rakhate the ki jaba kabhI karvaTa badalanA hI zrAvazyaka hotA to pIchI se parimArjita karake hI badalate the / tathA pIDhI, kamaMDalu mIra pustakAdi vastuoM ko dekha bhAlakara uThAte rakhate the, evaM mala-mUtrAdi bhI prAzuka bhUmi meM hI kSepaNa karate the / ve upasarga pariSahoM ko sAmyabhAva se sahate hue bhI kabhI citta meM dilagIra yA khedita nahIM hote the| unakA bhASaNa hita-mila aura priya hotA thaa| ve bhrAmarI vRtti se Unodara bhAhAra lete the| para use jIvana-yAtrA kA mAtra avalambana (sahArA) samajhate the aura jJAna-dhyAna evaM saMyama kI vRddhi aura zArIrika sthiti kA sahAyaka mAnate the / svAda ke lie unhoMne kabhI zrAhAra nahIM liyaa| isa taraha ve mUlAcAra ( bhAcArAMga ) meM pratipAdita caryA ke anusAra vratoM kA anuSThAna karate the| maTThAIsa mUlaguNoM aura uttaraguNoM kA pAlana karate hue una kI virAdhanA na ho, isakA sadA dhyAna rakhate the / bhasmakavyApi maura usakA zamana municaryA kA nirdoSa pAlana karate hue bhI karmodayavaza unheM bhasmaka vyAdhi ho gii| usake hone para bhI kabhI apanI caryA se calAyamAna nahIM hue| jaba jaTharAgni kI tIvratA bhojana kA tiraskAra karatI huI use kSaNamAtra meM bhasma karane lagI; kyoMki vaha bhojana sImita maura nIrasa hotA thA, usase jaTharAgni kI tRpti honA saMbhava nahIM thaa| usake liye to guru, snigdha, zItala maura madhura mannapAna jabataka yatheSTa parimANa meM na mile, to vaha jaTharA'gmi zarIra ke rakta mAMsAdi dhAtuoM ko bhasma kara detI hai| zarIra meM daurbalya ho jAtA hai, tRSA, dAha maura mUrchAdika anya aneka bAdhAeM utpanna ho jAtI haiN| bar3hatI huI kSudhA ke kAraNa unheM prasahya vedanA hone lagI, kahA bhI hai"zubhA sabhA nAsti zarIra vedanA' bhUkha ko bar3I vedanA hotI hai| samantabhava ne jaba yaha anubhava kiyA ki roga isa taraha are nahIM hotA, kintu durbalatA nirantara bar3hatI jA rahI hai, ataH muni pada ko sthira rakhate hue isa roga kA pratIkAra honA saMbhava nahIM hai, durbalatA ke kAraNa jaba mAvazyaka kriyAmoM meM bhI bAghA par3ane lagI, taba unhoMne guru zrI se asmaka vyAmi kA ullekha karate hue nivedana kiyA ki bhagavan ! isa roga ke rahate hue nirdoSa caryA kA pAlana karanA aba mavAya ho gayA hai| ataH mujhe samAjibharaNa kI mAmA diijie| parantu guru bar3e vidvAna, tapasvI, bhIra-vIra 12

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AcArya samantabhadra evaM sAhasI the| ve samantabhadra kI jIvanacaryA se acchI taraha paricita the, nimitta jJAnI the, aura yaha bhI jAnate the ki samantabhadra alpAyu nahIM haiM ! aura bhaviSya meM inase janadharma kA vizeSa pracAra evaM prabhAva hone kI saMbhAvanA hai| aisA socakara unhoMne samantabhadra ko Adeza diyA ki samantabhadra ! tuma samAdhimaraNa ke sarvathA ayogya ho| isa veSa ko chor3akara pahale bhasmaka vyAdhi ko zAnta kro| jaba vyAdhi zAnta ho jAya, taba prAyariMcasa lekara muni pada le lenA / samantabhadra ! tumhAre dvArA jainadharma kA acchaH pracAra hogaa| guru AjJA se samantabhadra ne muni jIvana to chor3a diyA, kintu usakA parityAga karane meM unheM jo kaSTa aura kheda huA vaha vacana agocara hai kyoMki unheM muni jovana se anurAga ho gayA thaa| ve use chor3anA nahIM cAhate the ataH use chor3ane meM duHkha honA svAbhAvika hai, para guru kI prAjJA kA ulaMghana karanA samucita nahIM hai aisA socakara muniveSa kA parityAga kara diyaa| munipada chor3ane ke bAda ve zarIra ko bhasma se prAcchAdita kara, aura saMgha ko abhivAdana kara eka vIra yoddhA kI saraha 'maNuvakahalloM se cale gaye aura kAJcI (kAMjI varama) phuNce| unhoMne vahAM ke rAjA ko pAzIrvAda pilA rAmA da li . deza meM vismita hue, aura usane unheM ziva samajhakara praNAma kiyaa| rAjakIya zivamandira meM jo bhoga lagatA thA, usase unakI bhasmaka vyAdhi zAnta ho gii| rAjA ne samantabhadra se zivapiNDo koNAma karane kA Agraha kiyaa| taba samantabhadra ne svayaMbhUstotra kI racanA kI, aura pAThave tIrthakara kI stuti karate hue candraprabha bhagavAna kI vaMdanA ko / usI samaya piNDo phaTakara usameM se candraprabha bhagavAna ko mUrti prakaTa hii|' aura usase rAjA bhora prajA meM jainadharma kA prabhAva aMkita hmaa| bhasmaka dhyAdhi ke zAnta hone para samantabhadra prAyazcita lekara punaH muni pada meM sthita ho ge| unhoMne vIra zAsana kA udyota karane ke lie vividha dezoM meM vihAra kiyaa| la vAda-vijaya svAmI samantabhadra ke prasAdhAraNa guNoM kA prabhAva tathA lokahita kI bhAvanA se dharmapracAra ke lie dezATana kA kitanA hI itivRsa jJAta hotA hai / usase yaha bhI jAna par3atA hai ki ve jahA~ jAte the, vahA~ ke vidvAna unakI vAda ghoSaNAoM aura unake tAtvika bhASaNoM ko cupacApa suna lete the| para unakA virodha nahIM karate the| isase unake mahAn vyaktitva kA kitanA hI digdarzana ho jAtA hai| jina sthAnoM para unhoMne vAda kiyA, unakA ullekha zravaNa belgola ke zilAlekha ke nimna padya meM pAyA jAtA hai : "pUrva pATaliputra madhya nagare merI mayA tADitA, pazcAmmAlava-sindhu-ThakkA-viSayekAcIpure vishe| prApto'haM karahATaka bahubhaTa viyoskaTaM saMkaTa vAvArthI vicarAmyahaM narapate zArdUla vikIritam // " mAcArya samantabhadra ne karahATaka pahuMcane se pahale jina dezoM tathA nagaroM meM vAda ke lie vihAra kiyA thA unameM pATaliputra, mAlavA, sindha, Thakka (paMjAba) deza, kAMbIpura (kAMjIvarama) aura vidizA (bhilasA) ye pradhAna deza tathA janapada the, jahAM unhoMne vAda-bherI bajAI thii| "kAMcyA nAmATako'haM malamalinatanu lampio pApiyA, puNDoMDe zAsyabhikSuH pazapura nagare miSTabhojI parivATa / vArANasthAmabhUSaM zazadharapavalaH pANDurAgastapasvI, rANam pasyAsti gAvisaH sa bAtu purato ma niyvaacii||" .. - 1. pAmeM samaMtabhA di muriNA, AriNammanu puSNamahiSu / vidharaMjita rAhi kohi jiNati-misisira pishiphori|| -pApArika pracAsti

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 samantabhadra jahAM jisa bheSa meM pahuMce usakA ullekha isa paJca meM kiyA gayA hai| sAtha meM yaha bhI vyakta kara diyA hai ki maiM jaina nigrantha vAdI haiN| he rAjan ! jisakI zakti ho sAmane prAkara bAda kre| pAcArya samantabhadra ke vacanoM kI yaha khAsa vizeSatA thI ki unake vacana syAdvAda nyAya kI tulA meM napetule hote the| cUMki samantabhadra svayaM parIkSA pradhAnI the, prAcArya vidyAnanda ne unheM 'parivekSaNa' parIkSA netra se satrako dekhane vAlA likhA hai| ve dUsaroM ko bhI parIkSA pradhAnI banane kA upadeza dete the| unakI vANI kA yaha jabardasta prabhAva thA ki kaThora bhASaNa karane vAle bhI unake samakSa madubhASI bana jAte the / mahAna vyaktitva prAcArya samantabhadra ke asAdhAraNa vyaktitva ke viSaya meM paMcAyato mandira dillI ke eka jIrNa-zIrNa gucchaka meM svayambhU stotra ke anta meM pAye jAne vAle padya meM daza vizeSaNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai : prAcAryo'haM kavirahamahaM vAdirAT pnnddito'hN| janatonimA mAMtribharanAMtriko'haM / rAjannasyAM jaladhivalayA mekhalAyAmilAyAm / prAzAsiddhiH kimiti bahanA siddha sArasvato'ham / / isa padya ke sabhI vizeSaNa mahatvapUrNa haiN| kintu inameM prAjJAsiddha paura siddha sArasvata ye do vizeSaNa samantabhadra ke asAdhAraNa vyaktitva ke dyotaka haiM / ve svayaM rAjA ko sambodhita karate hue kahate haiM ki-he rAjan ! maiM isa samudra balayA pRthvI para mAjJA siddha hai-jo prAdeza detA hai vahI hotA hai| aura adhika kyA kahUM maiM siddha sArasvata hU~-sarasvatI mujhe siddha hai / sarasvatI kI siddhi meM hI vAdazakti kA rahasya sannihita hai| guNa-gaurava svAmI samantabhadra ko prAdya stUtikAra hone kA gaurava bhI prApta hai| zvetAmbarIya prAcArya malayagiri ne 'Avazyaka sUtra' kI TIkA meM 'prAdyastutikAro'pyAha-vAkya ke sAtha svayaMbhUstotrakA 'nayAstava syAtpadasatyalAJchana (jchitA) ime' nAma kA zloka uddhRta kiyA hai| prAcArya samantabhadra ke sambandha meM uttaravartI prAcAryoM, kaviyoM, vidvAnoM ne aura zilAlekhoM meM unake yaza kA khulA gAna kiyA gayA hai|| prAcArya jinasena ne unheM kaviyoM ko utpanna karane vAlA vidhAtA (brahmA) batalAyA hai, aura likhA hai ki unake dajapAtarUpI vacana se kumatirUpI parvata khaNDa-khaNDa ho gaye the / ' kavi vAdIbhasiMha sUri ne samantabhadra munIzvara kA jayaghoSa karate hue unheM sarasvatI kI svacchanda vihAra bhUmi batalAyA hai / aura likhA hai ki unake vacanarUpI vanipAta se pratipakSI siddhAntarUpa parvatoM kI coTiyAM khaNDa-khaNDa ho gaI thii| samantabhadra ke pAge pratipakSI siddhAntoM kA koI gaurava nahIM raha gayA thA / AcArya jimasena ne samantabhadra ke vacanoM ko vIra bhagavAna ke vacanoM ke samAna batalAyA hai| 1. namaH samantabhadrAya mahate kavi vedhase / padvaco vacapAtena nibhinnA kumalAdrayaH / / 2. sarasvatI-svaira-vihArabhUmayaH samantabhadra pramukhA munIzvarAH / jayanti vAgvaja-nipAta-pArita-pratIpa rAdhAnta mahIdhrakoTaya: / / -gadyacintAmaNi 3. manaH samantabhadrasya vIrasyeva vija bhate / / / ---harivaMza purANa

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cArya ne 'candraprabha caritra na bhaSaNa banI huI hArayaSTi kA koNA lenA kaThina hai| AcArya samantabhadra zaka saMvat 1056 ke eka zilAlekha meM to yahAM taka likhA hai ki svAmo samantabhadra varddhamAna svAmI ke tIrtha kI sahasraguNI vRddhi karate hue udaya ko prApta hue|" vIranandi prAcArya ne 'candraprabha caritra' meM likhA hai ki-gaNoM se-sUta ke dhAgoM se gUMtho gaI nirmala gola motiyoM se yukta aura uttama puruSoM ke kaNTha kA vibhUSaNa banI huI hArayaSTi ko-dhaMSTha motiyoM ko mAlA ko-prApta kara lenA utanA kaThina nahIM hai jitagati samApaTa do bhAjInANo! kopA lenA kaThina hai, kyoMki vaha vANI nirmalavRtta (cAritra) rUpo muktAphaloM se yukta hai aura bar3e bar3e muni puMgavoM-prAcAryoM ne apane kaNTha kA AbhUSaNa banAyA hai, jaisA ki usake nimna padya se spaSTa hai: guNAvintA nirmalavRtta mauktikA narottamaiH kaNTha vibhUSaNI kRtaa| na hArayaSTiH parameva durlabhA samantabhadrAdi bhavA ca bhaarto|| isa taraha samantabhadra kI vANI ko jinhoMne hRdayaMgama kiyA hai ve usako gaMbhoratA ora gurutA se vAkifa haiN| AcArya samantabhadra kI bhAratI (vANI) kitanI mahatvapUrNa hai ige batalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| svAmI samantabhadra ne apanI lokopakAriNI vANI se janamArga ko saba ora se kalyANakArI banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai / jinhoMne unakI bhAratI kA adhyayana aura manana kiyA hai ve usake mahatva se paricita haiN| unako vANo meM upeya aura upAya donoM tattvoM kA kayana aMkita hai jo pUrva pakSa kA nirAkaraNa karane meM samartha hai,jisameM saptabhaMgoM aura saptanayoM dvArA jIvAdi tattvoM kA parijJAna karAyA gayA hai aura jisameM pAgama dvArA bastu dharmoM ko siddha kiyA gayA hai, jisake prabhAva se pAtrakezarI jaise brAhmaNa vidvAna jainadharma kI zaraNa meM pAkara prabhAvazAlI AcArya baneM, jo akalaMka aura vidyAnanda jaise muni puMgayoM ke bhASya aura TIkAgrantha se alaMkRta hai vaha samantabhadra vANI sabhI ke dvArA abhinandana nIya, pandanIya aura smaraNIya hai| kRtiyA~ - isa samaya prAcArya samantabhadra kI 5 kRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| devAgama (prAptamImAMsA) svayaMbhUstotra, yuktyanuzAsana, jina zataka (stutividyA) aura rtnkrnnddshraavkaacaar| inake atirikta jIvasiddhi nAma kI kRti kA ullekha to milatA hai para vaha sabhI taka kahIM se upalabdha nahIM huI / yahA~ upalaldha kRtiyoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| devAgama-jisa taraha AdinAtha stotra aura pArzvanAtha stotra 'bhaktamara aura kalyANamandira' jaise zabdoM se prArambha hone ke kAraNa bhaktAmara aura kalyANa mandira nAma se ullekhita 'bhaktAmara' prora kalyANa" mandira' kahA jAtA hai / usI taraha yaha grantha bhI 'devAgama' zabdoM se prArambha hone ke kAraNa devAgama kahA jAne lgaa| isakA dUsarA nAma AptamImAMsA hai / grantha meM daza pariccheda aura 114 kArikAeM haiM / granthakAra ne vIra jina kI parIkSA kara unheM sarvajJa aura Apta batalAyA hai, tathA yuktizAstra virodhI vAkahetu ke dvArA prApta kI parIkSA kI gaI hai--arthAta jinake vacana yUkti aura zAstra se avirodhi pAye gaye unheM hI prApta batalAyA hai| aura jinake vapana yukti paura zAstra ke virodhI pAye gaye aura jinake vacana bAdhita haiM, unheM prApta nahIM btlaayaa| sAtha meM yaha bhI batalAyA ki he bhagavana ! Apake zAsanAmRta se bAhya jo sarvathA ekAntavAdI haiM, ve prApta nahIM hai, kintu Apta ke abhimAna se 1. dekho belUratAlluke kA zilAlekha na0.17, jo saumyanAya ke mandira kI chata ke eka patthara para utkIraNaM hai| -svAmI samantabhadra pR0 46 2. janavama samantabhadamabhavadbhadra samantAtmuhuH / -maliSeNa prazasti 3. jIva siddhi viSAyIha kRtayuktyanu zAsanam / bacaH samantabhavasya vIrasyeva vijumbhate // -harivaMza purANa 1-30

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1 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 dagdha haiN| kyoMki unake dvArA pratipAdita iSTa tattva pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita hai| isa kAraNa bhagavAna prApa hI nirdoSa haiN| pazcAt una ekAntavAdoM kI--bhAvakAnta, abhAvaMkAnta, ubhayakAnta, pravAcyatakAnta, dvetakAnta, pravatakAnta, pRthakAnta, nityakAnta, bhavisyakAnta, kSaNikAnta, devaikAnta, pauruSakAnta, mAdi kI-samIkSA kI gaI hai| maura batalAyA hai ki ina ekAntoM ke kAraNa loka paraloka, bandha, mokSa, puNya, pApa, dharma adharma, deva puruSArtha pAdi kI vyavasthA nahIM bana sktii| prAcArya mahodaya ne ekAnta vAdiyoM ko-jo sarvathA eka rUpa mAnyatA ke prAgraha meM anurakta haiN| unheM sva-para-bairI batalAyA hai| ve ekAnta pakSapAtI hone ke kAraNa sva-para varI hai| kyoMki unake mata meM zubha azubha karmoM, loka paraloka Adi kI vyavasthA nahIM bana sktii| kAraNa vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai| usameM ananta dharma guNa svabhAba maujUda haiM / vaha una meM se eka hI dharma ko mAnatA hai| ataeva anekAnta dRSTi hI samyagdRSTi hai| aura ekAntadRSTi mithyAdRSTi hai| inakI siddhi syAdvAda se hotI hai| sthAdvAda kA kathana karate hue batalAyA hai ki syAdvAda ke vinA upAdeya tattvoM kI vyavasthA bhI nahIM bntii| kyoMki syAdvAda saptabhaMga aura nayoM kI apekSA liye rahatA hai| sApekSa aura nirapekSa nayoM kA sambandha batalAte hue kahA hai ki nirapekSa naya mithyA aura sApekSa naya samyaka haiM aura vastutatva kI siddhi meM sahAyaka hote haiM / isa sabake vivecana se grantha kI mahattA kA sahaja hI bodha ho jAtA hai| granthakAra ne likhA hai ki yaha grantha hitAbhilApI bhavya jIvoM ke liye samyak aura mithyA upadeza ke artha vizeSa kI pratipatti ke liye racA gayA hai| isa grantha para bhaTTAkalaMka deva ne 'aSTazatI' nAma kA bhASya likhA hai jo pATha sau zloka pramANa hai / aura vidyAnaMdAcArya ne 'praSTa sahasrI' nAma kI eka bar3I TIkA likhI hai, jo Aja bhI gar3ha hai jisake rahasya ko thor3e hI dhyakti jAnate haiM, jise devAgamAlakRti tathA prApta mImAMsAlaMkRti bhI kahA jAtA hai| devAgamAla kRti meM prA. vidyAnanda ne praSTakSatI ko pUrA prAtmasAt kara liyA hai| aSTasahasrI para eka saMskRta TIkA yazovijaya nAmaka zvetAmbarIya vidvAna kI hai aura eka saMskRta TippaNI bhI abhinava samantabhadra kRta hai cauthI TIkA devAgamavRtti hai, jisake kartA prAcArya vasunandi hai| paM0 jayacanda jI chAbar3A jayapura ne bhI isakI hindI TIkA likhI hai, jo anantakoti granthamAlA bambaI se prakAzita ho cukI hai| paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne bhI devAgama kI TIkA likhI hai, jo dIra sevA mandira TrasTa se prakAzita hai| svayaMbhUstotra-prastuta grantha kA nAma 'svayaMbhUstotra' yA 'caturvizati jina stuti' hai jisa taraha kalyANa mandira ekIbhAva, bhaktAmara aura siddhipriya stotroM ke samAna prAraMbhika zabda kI dRSTi se svayaMbhUstotra bhI sughaThita hai| isameM vRSabhAdi cavizati tIrthakaroM kI stuti kI gaI hai| dUsaroM ke upadeza ke binA hI jinhoMne svayaM mokSamArga ko jAnakara aura usakA anuSThAna kara anantacatuSTaya svarUpa-ananta darzana, anantajJAna, anantasukha aura ananta vIryarUpa mAtma vikAsa ko prApta kiyA hai unheM svayaMbhU: kahate haiN| vRSabhAdi vIra paryanta catuvizati tIrthakara ananta catuSTa. yAdi rUpa Atma-vikAsa ko prApta hue haiM, prataH svayaMbhU pada ke svAmI haiN| prataeva yaha svayaMbhU stotra sArthaka saMjJA ko prApta hai| prastuta grantha samantabhadra bhAratI kA eka pramukha aMga hai| racanA apUrva aura hRdayahAriNI hai| yadyapi yaha grantha stotra kI paddhati ko liye hue hai isa kAraNa vaha bhaktiyoga kI pradhAnatA se ota-prota hai| guNAnurAga ko 1. sa tvamevA'si nirdoSo yuktizAstrAvirodhivAk / avirodho yaviSTa te prasiddhena na badhyate // svammatAmatabAhyAnAM sarvathakAntavAdinAm / prAptAbhimAna dagdhAnAM svaSTaM dRSTena bAdhyate // -prAptamImAMsA 6-7 2. 'ekAlagraha steSu nAtha ! sva-para-vairiSu, devAgama kA08 3. itIyAmAptamImAMsA vihitAhitamicchatA / samyagmiyopadezArtha-vidoSa-pratipattaye / / -devAgama kA0 114

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AcArya samantabhadra bhakti kahate haiN| jaba taka mAnava kA ahaMkAra nahIM maratA taba taka usakI vikAsa bhUmi taiyAra nahIM hotii| pahane se yadi kucha vikAsa hotA bhI hai to vaha ahaMkAra pAte ho vinaSTa ho jAtA hai, kahA bhI hai -"kiyA karAyA saba gayA jaba pAyA huNkaar'| isa lokokti ke anusAra vaha dUSita ho jAtA hai| bhaktiyoga se jahAM ahaMkAra maratA hai vahAM vinaya kA vikAsa hotA hai| iso kAraNa vikAsa mArga meM sabase prathama bhaktiyoga ko apanAyA gayA hai| prAcArya samatabhadra vikAsa ko prApta zuddhAtmAoM ke prati kitane vinamra aura unake guNoM meM kitane anurakta the, yaha unake stuti pandhoM se spaSTa hai| unhoMne svayaM stuti vidyA meM apane vikAsa kA pradhAna zreya bhaktiyoga ko diyA hai| aura bhagavAna jinendra ke stavana ko bhava-vana ko bhasma karane vAlI agni batalAyA hai| aura unake smaraNa ko dukha dra se pakane vAra jogA liyaa| janake bhajana ko loha se pArasa maNi ke sparza samAna kahA hai| vidyamAna guNoM kI alpatA kA ullaMghana karake unheM bar3hA car3hA kara kahanA loka meM stuti kahI jAtI hai / kintu samantabhadrAcArya kI stuti loka stuti jaisI nahIM hai| usakA rUpa jinedra ke ananta guNoM meM se kucha guNoM kA apanI za vata anusAra prAMzika kIrtana karanA hai| jinedra ke puNya gaNoM kA smaraNa evaM kIrtana prAtmA kI pApa-pariNati ko chur3Akara use pavitra karatA hai aura grAma vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotA hai phira bhI yaha korA stuti grantha nahIM hai| isameM stuti ke bahAne jainAgama kA sAra evaM tatvajJAna kaTa kaTa kara bharA hamA hai| TIkAkAra prabhAcandra ne-'ni: zeSa jinokta dharma viSayaH aura 'stavoyamasamaH' vizeSaNoM dvArA isa stavana ko advitIya batalAyA hai| samantabhadra svAmI kA yaha stotra grantha apUrva hai| usameM nihita vastu tatva sva-para ke viveka karAne meM sakSama hai| - yadyapi pUjA stuti se jinadeva kA koI prayojana nahIM hai, kyoMki ve vItarAga haiM-rAga dveSAdi se rahita haiN| mataH kisI kI bhakti pUjA se ve prasanna nahIM hote, kintu saccidAnandamaya hone se ve sadA prasanna svarUpa hai| nindA se bhI unheM koI prayojana nahIM hai| kyoMki ve vara rahita haiN| to bhI unake puNya guNoM ke smaraNa se pApa dUra bhAga jAte haiM aura pUjaka yA stuti kartA kI prAtmA meM pavitratA kA saMcAra hotA hai samAcArya mahodaya ne ise pora bhI spaSTa kiyA hai : stuti ke samaya usa sthAna para stutya cAhe maujUda ho yA na ho phala kI prApti bhI cAhe sIdhI hotI ho yA na ho parantu prAtma-sAdhana meM tatpara sAdhu srotA kI viveka ke sAtha bhakti bhAra pUrvaka kI gaI stuti kuzasa pariNAma kI-puNya prasAdhaka pavitra zubhabhAvoM kI-kAraNa jarUra hotI hai aura vaha kuzala pariNAma zreya phala kA dAtA hai / jaba jagata meM svAdhInatA se zreyomArga itanA sulabha hai, taba sarvadA amipUjya he nami-jina ! aisA kauma vihAna athavA vivekI jana hai, jo ApakI stuti na kareM? arthAt avazya hI kregaa| stutiH stotuH sAdhoH kuzalapariNAmAya sa tavA, bhavenmA vA stutyaH phalamapi tatastasya ca stH| kivaM svAdhInyAjagati sulabha bAyasa-pathe, stuyA na tvA vidvAnasatatamabhipujyaM namijinam // 116 ina caturvizati tIrthakaroM ke stavanoM meM gRNakIrtanAdi ke sAtha kucha aisI bAtoM kA athavA ghaTanAmoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jo itihAsa tathA purANa se sambandha rakhatI haiN| aura svAmI samantabhadra kI lekhanI se prasUta hone ke " "- - 1. "svayaM paropadezamantareNa mokSamArgamava budhyA anuSThAya vAjanta catuSTayatayA bhavatIti svayaMbhUH / " svayaMbhUstotraTIkA 2. yAyAtmyamullaMghaguNodayAkhyA, loke stuti bhU rigurasIvareste / bhariNaSThamapyaMzamazaknuvanto vaktaM jina ! tyAM kimiva stuyAma / / ---yusmanu zAsana 2 3. na pUja yArthastvapi vItarAne na nindayA nAya! vivAnta re| tathApi te puNyaguNasmRtinaM punAtu citta duritAtra janebhyaH / / +svayaMbhU stotra 50

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68. jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 kAraNa unakA apanA khAsa mahatva hai| jaba bhagavAna pArzvanAtha para kevala jJAna hone se pUrva kamaTha ke jIva sambara nAmaka deva ne upasarga kiyA thA aura gharaNendra padmAvatI ne una ko saMrakSA kA prayatna kiyA thA, taba unheM kevalajJAna prApta huA / aura vaha saMvara deva bhI kAla labdhi pAkara zAnta ho gayA aura usane samyakatva kI vizuddhatA prApta kara lii| prAcArya mahodaya ne bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke kaivalya jIvana kI usa mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai -- jaba bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko vidhUta kalmaSa aura zamopadeza Izvara ke rUpa meM dekhakara ve vanavAsI tapasvI bhI zaraNa meM prApta hue the, jo apane zramako paMcAgni sAdhanAdi rUpa prayAsa ko viphala samajha gae the, aura bhagavAna jaise vidhUta kalmaSa ghAtikarma catuSTayarUpa pApa se rahita Izvara hone kI icchA rakhate the, una tapasviyoM ko sakhyA sAta sau batalAI gaI hai 1 / yathA: varaM vIkSya vidhUta kalmaSaM tapodhanAste'pi tathA bubhUSavaH / - zamopadezaM zaraNaM prapedire // 4 isa taraha yaha stotra grantha atyanta mahatvapUrNa kRti hai, isameM stavana ke sAtha dArzanikatA kA puTa bhI aMkita hai| stutividyA - isa grantha kA mUla nAma 'stutividyA' hai, jaisA ki prathama maMgala padya meM prayukta hue 'stuti vidyAM prasAdhaye' pratijJA vAkya se jJAta hotA hai| yaha zabdAlaMkAra pradhAna kAvya grantha hai / isameM citrAlaMkAra ke aneka rUpoM ko diyA gayA hai, unheM dekhakara zrAcArya mahodaya ke agAdha kAvyakauzala kA sahaja hI bhAna ho jAtA hai / isa grantha ke kavi nAma garbhavAne 'gatvaka stutameva' 116 veM padya ke sAtaveM valaya meM 'zAntivarmakRtaM' aura cauthe valaya meM 'jinastutizata, nikalatA hai / grantha meM kaI taraha ke catravRtta diye haiN| AcArya ne apane isa grantha ko 'samasta guNagaNopetA' aura sarvAlaMkAra bhUSitA batalAyA hai| yaha grantha itanA gRha hai ki vinA saMskRta TIkA ke lagAnA prAyaH azakya hai| isI se TIkAkAra ne 'yoginAmapi duSkarA' vizeSaNa diyA hai aura use yogiyoM ke lie bhI duSkara batalAyA hai| AcArya mahodaya ne grantha racanA kA uddezya prathamaM padya meM 'AgamAM jaye' vAkya dvArA pApoM ko jItanA batalAyA hai| isase isa grantha kI mahattA kA sahaja hI patA cala jAtA hai| vAstava meM pApoM ko kaise jItA jAtA hai, yaha bar3A hI rahasyapUrNa viSaya hai| isa viSaya meM yahAM itanA likhanA hI paryApta hogA ki jina tIrthakaroM kI stuti kI gaI hai - ve saba pApavijetA hue haiN| unhoMne kAma-krodhAdi pApa prakRtiyoM para pUrNa vijaya prApta kI hai, unake cintana, nandana aura arAdhana se athavA pavitrahRdaya - mandira meM virAjamAna hone se pApa khar3e nahIM raha sakate / pApoM ke bandhana usI prakAra DhIle par3a jAte haiM jisa prakAra candana ke vRkSa para mora ke Ane se usase lipaTe hue bhujaMgoM (sarpoM) ke bandhana DhIle par3a jAte haiM2 / ve apane vijetA se ghabarAkara anyatra bhAga jAne kI bAta socane lagate haiN| athavA una puNya puruSoM ke dhyAnAdika se zrAtmA kA vaha niSpApa vItarAga zuddha svarUpa sAmane A jAtA hai| usa zuddhasvarUpa ke sAmane zrAte hI AtmA meM apanI usa bhUsI huI nijanidhi kA smaraNa ho jAtA hai aura usakI prApti ke lie anurAga jAgrata ho jAtA hai, taba pApa pariNati sahaja hI chUTa jAtI hai| ataH 1. prApatsamyaktvazuddhi ca dRSTvA lavanavAsinaH / tApasAstyakta mithyAtvAH zatAnAM sapta saMyamam // 2. hRdatatva vibho ! zithalIbhavanti, jantoH kSaraNa niviDA' api karmabandhAH / sadyo bhujaMgamamayA iva madhyabhAga --: mabhyAgate va zikhaNDini candanasya || --- uttara purANa 73 - 146 - kalyANa mandira stotra '

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EE AcArya samantabhadra jina pavitrAtmAnoM meM vaha zuddha svarUpa pUrNataH vikasita huA hai, unakI upAsanA karatA huA bhavya jIva apane meM usa zuddha svarUpa ko vikasita karane ke lie usI taraha samartha hotA hai, jisa taraha tailAdivibhUSita vattI dIpaka kI upAsanA karatI huI usameM tanmaya ho jAtI hai- vaha svayaM dIpaka banakara jagamagA uThatI hai| yaha saba usa bhaktitayoga kA hI mAhAtmya hai| bhakta ke do rUpa haiM sakAmAbhakti aura niSkAmAbhakti / sakAmA bhakti saMsAra ke aihika phaloM kI bAMdhA kI lie hue hotI hai| vaha saMsAra taka hI sImita rakhatI hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM usameM kitanA hI vikAra grAgayA hai| loga usa vyakti ke maulika rahasya ko bhulagae haiM, aura jinendra mudrA ke samakSa laukika evaM sAMsArika kAryoM kI yAcanA karane lage haiM / bahAM prajajana bhakti ke guNAnurAga se vyuta hokara saMsAra ke laukika kAryoM kI prApti ke liye bhakti karate dekhe jAte hai| kintu niSkAmAbhakti meM kisI prakAra kI cAha yA abhilASA nahIM hotI, vaha atyanta vizuddha pariNAmoM kI janaka hai| usase karma nirjarA hotI hai, aura AtmA usase apanI svAtmasthiti ko prApta karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai / zrataH niSkAma bhakti bhada-samudra se pAra utArane meM nimitta hotI hai / zubhAzubha bhAvoM kI taratamatA aura kapAyAdi pariNAmoM kI tIvratA mandatAdi ke kAraNa karma prakRtiyoM meM barAbara saMkramaNa hotA rahatA hai| jisa samaya karma prakRtiyoM ke udaya kI prabalatA hoto hai usa samaya prAyaH unake anurUpa hI kArya sampanna hotA hai| phira bhI vItarAgadeva kI upAsanA ke samaya unake puNyaguNoM kA prema pUrvaka smaraNa aura cintana unameM anurAga bar3hAne se zubhapariNAmoM kI utpatti hotI hai jisase pApa pariNati chUTatI hai aura puNya pariNati usakA sthAna le letI hai, isase pApa prakRtiyoM kA rasa sUkha jAtA hai aura puNya prakRtiyoM kA rasa bar3ha jAtA hai| puNya prakRtiyoM ke rasa meM abhivRddhi hone se antarAyakarma jo mUla pApa prakRti hai aura hamAre dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga ra vIrya meM vighna karatI hai-- unheM nahIM hone detI vaha bhagnarasa hokara nirbala ho jAtI hai, phira vaha hamAre dRSTa kAryoM meM bAdhA pahuMcAne meM samartha nahIM hotI / taba hamAre laukika kArya anAyAsa hI siddha ho jAte haiM / jaisA ki tatvArthazlokavArtika meM uddhata nimna padya se spaSTa hai : --: "neSTaM vihantuM zubhabhAva bhagna rasa prakarSaH prabhurantarAyaH / tatkAmacAreNa guNAnurAgannusthAviriSTArtha kadAvAH // " ataeva vItarAgadeva kI nirdoSa bhakti gramita phala ko dene vAlI hai isameM koI bAdhA nahIM AtI / yaha grantha bhI samantabhadra bhAratI kA maMgarUpa hai| isameM vRSabhAdi catuvizati tIrthaMkaroM ko alaMkRta bhASA meM kalAtmaka stuti kI gaI hai| isakA zabda vinyAsa alaMkAra kI vizeSatA ko liye hue hai| kahIM zloka ke eka caraNa ko ulaTakara rakha dene se dusarA caraNa bana jAtA hai| aura pUrvArdha ko ulaTakara rakha dene se uttarArdha, aura samUce zloka ko ulaTa kara rakhane se dUsarA zloka bana jAtA hai| aisA hone para bhI unakA artha bhinna-bhinna hai, isa grantha ke aneka padya aise haiM, jo eka se adhika alaMkAroM ko liye hue hai| aura kucha aise bhI padya haiM, jo do-do akSaroM se bane haiM--do vyaMjanAkSaroM meM hI jinake zarIra kI sRSTi huI hai / stutividyA kA 14vAM padya aisA hai jisakA pratyeka pAda nimna prakAra ke eka eka akSara se banA hai / yA yAyA yaye pAya nAnAnUnA nanAnana / namA mamA mamA mAmitA tatI titatItitaH // yaha grantha kitana mahatvapUrNa hai yaha TIkAkAra ke 'ghana kaThina ghAti karmendhana dahana samarthA, vAkya se jAnA jAtA hai jisameM ghane kaThora ghAtiyA karmarUpI Indhana ko bhasma karane vAlI samartha yagni batalAyA hai / yuktyanuzAsana prastuta grantha kA nAma yuktyanuzAsana hai| yaha 64 padyoM kI eka mahatvapUrNa dArzanika kRti hai / yadyapi zrAcArya samantabhadra ne grantha ke yAdi aura anta ke padyoM meM yuktyanuzAsana kA koI nAmollekha nahIM kiyA, kintu 1. dekho, 51, 52 aura 55vI padya

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100 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 unameM spaSTa rUpa se vIra jina stavana kI pratikSA gAra usI kI parizanAsti kA ullekha hai| isa kAraNa grantha kA prathama nAma 'bIra jina stotra' hai| mAcArya samantabhadra ne svayaM 48va padya meM 'yuktyanuzAsana' pada kA prayoga kara usakI sArthakatA pradarzita kara dI hai aura batalAyA hai ki yuktyanuzAsana zAstra pratyakSa aura pAgama se aviruddha prathaM kA pratipAdaka hai| "dRSTAgamAbhyAmaviruddhamarthaprarUpaNaM yuktyanuzAsanaM te / " athavA jo yukti pratyakSa praura Agama ke viruddha nahIM hai, usa vastu kI vyavasthA karane vAle zAsana kA nAma yuktyanuzAsana hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vastutattva kA jo kathana pratyakSa aura pAgama se biruddha hai vaha yuktyanuzAsana nahIM ho sktaa| sAdhyA binAbhAvI sAdhana se hone vAle sAdhyArtha kA kathana yuktyanuzAsana hai|' isa paribhASA ko be udAharaNa dvArA puSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki vAstava meM vastusvarUpa sthiti, utpatti paura vinAza ina tInoM ko prati samaya lie hae hI vyavasthita hotA hai / isa udAharaNa meM jisa taraha vastutattva utpAdAdi trayAtmaka yukti dvArA siddha kiyA gayA hai, usI taraha vIrazAsana meM sampUrNa parya samUha pratyakSa aura pAgama pavirodhI yuktiyoM se prasiddha hai| punnATa saMghI jinasena ne 'harivaMza purANa' meM batalAyA hai ki prAcArya samantabhadra ne 'jIvasiddhi' nAmaka grantha banAkara yuktyanuzAsana kI racanA kI hai / cunAce TIkAkAra prAcArya vidyAnanda ne bhI grantha kA nAma yuktyanuzAsana batalAyA hai| grantha meM dArzanika dRSTi se jo vastu tatva pacita hanA hai vaha bar3A hI gambhIra aura tAttvika hai| isameM stavana praNAlI se 64 padyoM dvArA stramata-paramata ke guNa doSoM kA sUtra rUpa se bar3A mArmika varNana diyA hai| aura pratyeka viSaya kA nirUpaNa prabala yUktiyoM dvArA kiyA gayA hai| prAcArya samantabhadra ne 'yuktizAstrA'virodhi vAstva hetu se devAgama meM ApakI parIkSA kI hai, aura jinake vacana yukti mora zAstra se avirodha rUpa hai unheM hI prApta batalAyA hai aura zeSa kA prApta honA bAdhita ThaharAyA hai| bhaura batalAyA hai ki prApake zAsanAmRta se vAhya jo sarvathA ekAntavAdI haiM ve mApta nahIM haiM kintu prAptabhimAna se dagdha hai; kyoMki unake dvArA pratipAdita iSTatattva pratyakSa pramANa se vAdhita hai| prantha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mahAnatA ko pradarzita karate hue batalAyA hai ki-'ve atulita zAnti ke sAtha 1. 'stuti gocaratvaM ninISavaH smo vayamadyavIra / / " 'stutiH zaparapAtheyaH padamadhipatastvaM jina ! mayA, mahAvIro pIro duritaparasenA'bhi vijaye / / 4 / / 2. "anyathAnupapannatya niyamanizcayalakSaNAt sAdhanAtsAdhyA prarUpaNaM yuktyanuzAsanamiti' -puktyanuzAsana TIkA pR. 122 3. yuktyanuzAsana prastAvanA pR02 4. 'jIvasiddhi vighApoha kRtayuktyanuzAsanam / -harivaMza purANa 5. 'jIvAt samantabhadrasya stotraM yuktamanuzAsanam / ' (1) 'stotre yuktyanuzAsane jinapate vIrasya ni:zeSataH' / (2) "zrImadIrajinezvarAmasaguNastotraM parISomaNaH / sAkSAtsvAmisamantabhavagurubhistatvaM samIkSyAkhinam / proktaM pustamanu zAsanaM vijayabhiHspADhAdamArgAnurgaH // " (4) 6. svanamA'mRtavAlAnA saraMyakAnta-bAdinAm / mAptAbhimAnandagdhAno speSTaM dRSTena bAdhyate / / devAgama kA07

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} AcArya samantabhadra - zuddhi aura zakti kI parAkASThA ko -- caramasImA ko prApta hue haiN| aura zAnti sukhasvarUpa haiM - Apa meM jJAnAvaraNa darzanAvaraNa rUpa karmamala ke kSaya se anupama jJAna darzana kA tathA antarAya karma ke prabhAva se ananta vIrya kA grAvibhavi 'huA hai| aura mohanIya karma ke vinAza se anupama sukha ko prApta haiN| Apa brahma patha ke mokSamArga ke netA haiM / aura mahAn haiM / zrApa kA mata anekAtmaka zAsana- damAdama tyAga aura samAdhi kI niSThA ko liye hue hai ota-prota hai| nayoM aura pramANoM dvArA samyaka vastu tatva ko sunizcata karane vAlA hai, aura sabhI ekAnta vAdiyoM dvArA abAdhya hai / isa kAraNa vaha advitIya haiN| itanA hI nahIM kintu vIra ke isa zAsana ko 'sarvodaya tIrtha' batalAyA hai - jo sabake udaya utkarSa evaM AtmA ke pUrNa vikAsa meM sahAyaka hai, jise pAkara jIva saMsAra samudra se pAra ho jAte haiM / vahI sarvodaya tIrtha hai, jo sAmAnya- vizeSa, dravya paryAya vidhi-niSedha aura ekatva anekatvAdi sampUrNa dharmoM ko apanAe hue hai, mukhya gaur3a kI vyavasthA se suvyavasthita hai, saba dukhoM kA anta karane vAlA hai, aura avinAzI hai, vahI sarvodaya tIrtha kahe jAne ke yogya hai; kyoMki usase samasta jIvoM ko bhavasAgara se tarane kA samocIna mArga milatA hai / vIra ke isa zAsana kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki isa zAsana se yatheSTa dveSa rakhane vAlA mAnava bho yadi samadRSTi huA upapatti cakSu se - mAtsarya ke tyAga pUrvaka samAdhAna kI dRSTi se - vIrazAsana kA avalokana aura parIkSaNa karatA hai to avazya hI kAmAna ho jAtA hai- sarva ekAnta rUpa mithyA prAgraha chUTa jAtA hai, vaha abhadra ( mithyAdRSTi) hotA huA bhI saba mora se bhadrarUpa evaM samyagdRSTi bana jAtA hai / jaisA ki grantha ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai: hi mayupapacakSuH samIkSyatAM te samadRSTi riSTam / svayi dhruvaM paNDita-mAna zRGgo bhavatyabhavo'pi samantabhadraH / / 62 grantha sabhI ekAnta vAdiyoM ke mata kI yukti pUrNa samIkSA kI gaI hai, kintu samIkSA karate hue bhI unake prati vidveSa ko raMcamAtra bhI bhAvanA nahIM rahI hai / aura na vIra bhagavAna ke prati unako rAgAtmikA pravRtti hI rahI hai| grantha meM saMvedanAdvaita, advaitavAda, zUnyabAda zrAdi vAdoM aura cArvAka ke ekAnta siddhAnta kA khaMDana karate hue fafe, free or vaktavyatA rUpa saptabhaMgoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, tathA mAnasa prahisA kI paripUrNatA ke liye farari kA vastusthiti ke AdhAra se yathArthaM sAmaMjasya karane vAle anekAntadarzana kA maulika vicAra kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI vIra zAsana kI mahattA para prakAza DAlA hai / grantha nirmANa ke uddezya ko abhivyakta karate hue grAcArya kahate haiM ki he bhagavAn ! yaha stotra Apake prati rAgabhAva se nahIM racA gayA hai| kyoMki grApa ne bhava-pAza kA chedana kara diyA hai| aura dUsaroM ke prati dveSa bhAva se bhI nahIM rakhA gayA hai; kyoMki hama to durgaNoM kI kathA ke abhyAsa ko khalatA samajhate haiM / usaprakAra kA abhyAsa na hone se vaha khalatA bhI hama meM nahIM hai| taba phira isa racanA kA uddezya kyA hai ? uddezya yahI hai ki loga nyAyaanyAya ko pahacAnanA cAhate haiM aura pravRta padArtha ke guNa doSoM ke jAnane kI icchA hai unake liye yaha stotra hitA 7. "tvaM zuddhizaktyo rudayaskASThAM tulA patItAM jinaH zAntirUpAm / avApi hyapathasya netA, mahAnitIyatprativaktumIzAH // 4 8. dama-yAga samAdhi-niSTha naya-pramANa prakRtA''Jja sArtham / adhuSpa manyerakhilaM pravAda jina ! tvadIyaM mata madvitIyam / 6 101 6. sarvovatadgamukhyakalpaM sarvAntazUnyaM ca mithona pekSam / sarvApadAma taka niranta sarvodaya tIrthamidaM tava / / 62 yuvazyanuzAsana -- yuvatyanuzaH sana

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAga-bhAga 2 nveSaNa ke upAya svarUpa prApakI guNa kathA ke sAtha kahA gayA hai jaisA ki usake nimna padya se spaSTa hai : na rAgAnnaH stotra bhavati bhava-pAsacchidimunI, na cAnyeSu dvessaadpgunnkthaa'bhyaas-khltaa| kimu nyAyA'nyAya-prakRta-guNadoSaja-manasAM, hitAnveSopAyastavagaNa-kathA-saMga-gavitaH / / 63 isa taraha isa grantha kI mahattA aura gaMbhIratA kA kucha prAbhAsa mila jAtA hai| kintu grantha kA pUrNa adhyapana kiye binA usakA marma samajha meM nahIM pA sktaa| rasnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra-isa grantha meM zrAvakoM ko lakSya karane samIcIna dharma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| jo karmoM kA vinAzaka aura saMsArI jIvoM ko saMsAra ke duHkhoM se nikAla kara uttama sukha meM sthApita karane vAlA hai, vaha dharma ratnatraya svarUpa hai-samyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritra rUpa hai| aura darzanAdika ko jo pratikAla yA viparIta sthiti hai vaha samyak na hokara mithyA hai ataeva vaha adharma hai, aura saMsAra paribhramaNa kA kAraNa hai| AcArya samantabhadra ne isa upAsakAdhyayana graMtha meM zrAvakoM ke dvArA anuSThAna karane yogya dharma kA vyavasthita evaM hRdayagrAhI varNana kiyA hai / jo prAtmA ko samunnata tathA svAdhIna banAne meM samartha hai / grantha kI bhASA prAJjala madhura praur3ha aura partha gaurava ko liye gae hai| yaha granya dharmagana nA hogA sA piTArA ho hai| isa kAraNa isakA ratnakaraNDa nAma sArthaka hai aura samIcIna dharma ko dezanA ko liye hue hone ke kAraNa samocIna dhamazAstra hai| usakA pratyeka strI puruSa ko madhyayana yA manana karanA Avazyaka hai aura tadanukUla AcaraNa to kalyANa kA kartA hai ho / samantabhadra se pahale dhAvaka dharma kA itanA sundara aura vyavasthita varNana karane vAlA dUsarA koI grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| aura pazcAtavartI gratyakAroM meM bhI isa taraha kA zrAvakAcAra dRSTi gocara nahIM hotaa| ve prAya: unake anukaraNa rUpa hai / yadyapi paravartI vidvAnoM ke dvArA race hue zrAvakAcAra-viSayaka grantha avazya haiM, para isake samakakSa kA anya koI grantha dekhane meM nahIM pAyA / prastuta grantha sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai, jisakI zloka saMkhyA 150 Der3hasI hai| pratyeka adhyAya meM diye hue varNana kA saMkSiptasAra isa prakAra hai: prathama adhyAya meM sacce prApta prAgama aura tapobhRta kA trimUDhatA rahita, aSTa madahIna aura ATha aMga sahita zraddhAna ko samyagdarzana batalAyA hai| ina sabake svarUpa kA kathana karane hue batalAyA hai ki aMgahIna samyagdarzana janma santati kA vinAza karane meM samartha nahIM hotA / zuddha samyagdRSTi jIva bhaya, prAzA aura lobha se kuligiyoM ko praNAma aura vinaya bhI nahIM karatA / zAna aura cAritra kI apekSA samyagdarzana mukhyatayA upAsanIya hai / samyagdarzana mokSamArga meM khevaTiyA ke samAna hai usake, binA jJAna aura cAritra kI utpatti, sthiti, vRddhi aura phalodaya uso taraha nahIM ho pAte, jisa taraha bIja ke abhAva meM vRkSa kI utpatti Adi nahIM hotii| samantabhadrAcArya ne samyagdarzana kI mahattA kA jo ullekha kiyA hai, vaha usake gaurava kA dyotaka hai| dusare adhikAra meM samyagjJAna kA svarUpa nirdiSTa karate hue usake viSayabhUta cAroM anuyogoM kA sAmAnya kathana diyA hai| tIsare adhikAra meM samyaka cAritra dhAraNa karane kI pAtratA kA varNana karate hue hisAdi pApa praNAlikAproM se virati ko cAritra batalAyA hai| aura vaha cAritra sakala aura vikala ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai, sakala cAritra muniyoM ke aura vikala cAritra gRhasthoM ke hotA hai, jo aNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvrata rUpa hai| caturtha adhikAra meM dikta, anarthadaNDavrata aura bhomopabhoga parimANa vrata ina tIna guNa vratoM kA, anarthadaNDa vrata ke pAMca bhedoM kA aura unake pAMca-pAMca praticAroM kA varNana kiyA hai| pAMcaveM adhikAra meM 4 zikSAvatoM kA aura unake aticAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAmAyika ke samaya gRhastha ko calopasRSTa muni kI upamA dI hai| chaThe adhikAra meM sallekhanA kA svarUpa nirdiSTa karate hue usake pAMca praticAroM kA varNana diyA hai| va kA ghotaka mAda nahIM hotAta, vRddhi aura

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AcArya samantabhadra sAtaveM adhikAra meM zrAvaka ke una gyAraha padoM kA pratimAnoM kA svarUpa diyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki uttarottara pratimAoM ke guNapUrvakaparva kI pratimAoM ke sampUrNa guNoM liye hue haiN| isa taraha isa granya meM zrAvaka ke anuSThAna karane yogya samIcIna dharma kA vidhivata kathana diyA haA hai| yaha grantha bhI samantabhadra bhAratI ke anya granthoM ke samAna hI prAmANika hai aura manana karane ke yogya hai| prAcArya samantabhadra kI upalabdha sabhI kRtiyAM mahatvapUrNa aura apane apane vaiziSTaya ko liye hue haiN| samaya prAcArya samantabhadra ke samaya ke sambandha meM sva050 jugalakizora mukhtAra ne aneka pramANoM ke sAtha vicAra kiyA hai aura unakA samaya vitrama kI dUsarI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha batalAyA hai| be tatvArthasUtra ke kartA umAsvAti (gaddhapicchAcArya) ke bAda kisI samaya hue haiN| gRddhapicchAcArya vizrAma kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke AcArya mAne jAte haiN| samantabhadra unhIM ke bAda aura devanandI ( pUjyavAda )se bahuta pUrvavartI haiN| ve sambhavataH vikrama ko dUsarI zatAbdI ke vidvAna hone cAhiye / koMgaNi vaMga ke prathama rAjA, jo gaMga vaza ke saMsthApaka siMhananyAcArya se bhI pUrvavartI haiN| koMgaNivarmA kA eka prAcIna zilAlekha zaka saM0 21 kA upalabdha hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki koMgaNi barmA vi0 saM0 160 (I. san 103) meM rAjyAzAsana para prArUda hue the| ataH prAyaH vahI samaya prAcArya siMhanandI kA hai| samantabhadra usase pahale hae hai| kyoMki malliyeNa prazasti meM siMhanandi meM pUrva samantabhadra kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| ataH unakA samaya dina kI sImAntI kara rahI hai jo mukhtAra sAhaba ne nizcita kiyA hai| vaha prAyaH ThIka hai| siMhanandi malasaMgha kundakundAcArya kANaragaNa zrIra mepa pASANa gaccha ke vidvAna the| ve dakSiNa deza ke nivAsI the| siddhezvara mandira ke zilAlekha meM unheM dakSiNa dezavAzI aura gaMgamahI maNDala kA samuddhAraka batalAyA hai| jaisA ki usake nimna padya se prakaTa haiM dakSiNa-gheza-nivAsI gaMgamahI-maNDalika-kula-samukharaNaH / zrImalasaMghanAtho nAmnaH zrIsihananvimuniH / / muni siMhanandi gaMgavaMza ke saMsthApaka ke rUpa meM smuta kiye jAte haiN| siMhanandi ne gaMgarAjA ko jo sahAyatA dI usake pariNAmasvarUpa gaMgarAjAoM ne jainadharma ko barAbara saMrakSaNa diyA / gaMga rAjavaMza dakSiNa bhArata kA pramukha rAjya rahA hai| cauthI zatAbdI se 12vIM zatAbdI taka ke zilAlekhoM se pramANita hai ki gaMgavaMza ke zAsakoM ne jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA, jaina mUrtiyAM pratiSThita karAI / jaina sAdhuoM ke nivAsa ke lie guphAeM nirmANa karAyoM aura jainAcAryoM ko dAna diyaa| kallaraguDa ke zilAlekha meM batalAyA haiM ki padmanAbha rAjA ke Upara ujjaina ke rAjA mahIpAla ne mAkramaNa kiyaa| taba usane daDiga aura mAdhava nAma ke do putroM ko dakSiNa kI ora bheja diyaa| ve yAtrA karate hue 'perUra' nAma ke sundara sthAna meM phuNce| unhoMne vahIM apanA par3Ava DAla diyA aura tAlAba ke nikaTa caityAlaya ko dekhakara usakI tIna pradakSiNA dii| vahIM unhoMne AcArya siMhanandi ko dekhA, aura unakI vandanA kara apane pAne kA kAraNa btlaayaa| use sunakara sihandi ne unheM hastAvalamba diyaa| unakI bhakti se prasanna hokara devI pAvatI prakaTa huI aura usane unheM talavAra aura rAjya pradAna kiyaa| jaba unhoMne sampUrNa rAjya para prabhutva sthApita kara liyA taba prAcArya siMhanandi ne unheM isa prakAra zikSA dI-'yadi tuma apane bacana ko pUrA na karoge, yA jina zAsana ko sahAyya na doge, dUsaroM kI striyoM kA yadi apa 1. dekho, janAsAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza pR0665 2. zilAlekha kA Adya aza isa prakAra hai : ___ "svasti zrImatkoMgariMNavarma dharbha mahAdhirAja prayama gaMgasya dattaM zaka varSa gateSu paMcavizati 25neya zubha kiMtusaMvatsaramu phAlguga zuddha paMcamI zani rohiriNa...'' -dekho, majana gUha tAlluke (maisUra) ke zilAlekha naM 110, san 1864 (E. C. Im)

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 haraNa karoge, madya-mAMsa madhu kA sevana karoge yA nIcoM ko saMgati meM rahoge, AvazyakatA hone para bhI dUsaroM ko apanA dhana nahIM doge, aura yadi yuddha ke maidAna meM pITha dikhAoge to tumhArA vaMza naSTa ho jaaygaa|' ukta zilAlekha meM sihanandi ke dvArA diye gae rAjya kA vistAra bhI likhA hai| ucca nandigiri unakA kilA thA, kuvalAla rAjadhAnI thI, 66 hajAra dezoM para prAdhipatya thaa| nirdoSa jinadeva unake devatA the| yuddha meM vijaya hI unakA sAthI thaa| jaina mata unakA dharma thA / aura daDiga tathA mAdhava bar3I zAna ke sAtha pRthvI kA gAsana karate the| IsvI sana 1926 ke zilAlekha meM likhA hai ki siMhanandi muni ne apane ziSyoM ko prahanta bhagavAna kI dhyAnarUpI vaha tIkSNa talavAra bhI kRpA karake pradAna kI thI, jo ghAti karmarUpI zatrusainya kI parvatamAlA ko kATa DAlatI hai| yadi aisA na hotA to devI ke praveza mArga ko rokane vAle patthara ke stambha ko mAdhava apanI talavAra ke eka hI bAra se kaise kATa DAlatA 1176 I0 ke eka zilAlekha meM bhI siMhanandi ke dvArA gaNarAjya kI sthApanA kA nirdeza hai / siMhanandi kA samaya IsA ko dvitIya zatAbdI hai| AcArya zivakoTi (zivArya) prAcArya zivakoTi yA zivArya apane samaya ke viziSTa vidvAna the| inhoMne apanI kRti prArAdhanA kI antima prazasti meM apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve donoM gAthAe~ isa prakAra haiM prajajiNaNaMvi gaNi savvaguttagaNi prapamittabINaM / / pApiyavasale samma sutaM matthaM // 2165|| puNyAyariyaNibanA ubajIrittA imAsa sattIe / mArAmacA sijega pANivalabhoraNA sadA // 2166|| ina donoM gApAmoM meM batalAyA hai ki-'mArya jinanandigaNI, mArya mitrana digaNI ke caraNoM ke nikaTa bhale prakAra sUtra aura parva ko samajha karake tathA pUrvAcAryoM dvArA nibaMDa huI pArASanAmoM ke kapana kA upayoga karake pANitala bhojI-karatala para lekara bhojana karane vAle-zivArya ne yaha mArAdhanA anya apanI zakti ke anusAra isa prazasti meM mArya jinamandigaNI Adi jina tIna gurumoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai ve kauna haiM aura kaba hue haiN| unakI guruparamparA mora gaNa-gacchAdi kyA hai? ityAdi bAtoM ke jAnane kA koI sAdhana upalabdha nahIM hai| ho, dvitIya gAthA meM prayukta hue pratyakAra ke pANidalabhoiNA' isa vizeSaNa pada se itanI bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki prAcArya zivakoTi ne isa anya kI racanA usa samaya kI jaba jainasaMdha digambara zvetAmbara do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta ho ghakA thaa| usI bheda ko pradarzita karane ke lie anyakattA ne ukta vizeSaNa pada kA lagAnA ucita samajhA hai| phalataH ve ukta bheda se sambhavataH saudasau varSa bAda hue hoN| kyoMki pArAdhanA anya meM prAcArya kundakunda ke granthoM kI kucha gAthAeM jyoM ke syoM rUpa meM pAI jAtI hai usake eka do udAharaNa nIce diye jAte haiM samabhaTTAbhaTTA saNabhahassa gariya missyaa| simjhaMtipariyabhaTTA saNabhaTThA va sijhati // mArAdhanA kI naM0738 para pAI jAnezalI yaha gAthA kundakumva ke darvAnaprAbhUta kI tIsarI gAyA hai| isI taraha kundakundha kemiyamasAra kI do pASAe~ 61,70mArAdhanA meM 117, 11masambaro parasapA paritra pAharakIbI gAthA ArAdhanA meM 1211para paaiijaatiihai| paurapArasa pravaktA kI dUsarI gApA mArApanA 15para jyoM ke tyoM rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai| inake atirikta kucha pApAe~ aisI bhI hai jo poDese pAThabheDayA pariNatanApi ke sAtha epalabdha hotI hai| aisI gApAmoM kA eka namUnA isa prakAra hai

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AcArya zivakodi (ginAya) jaM aNNANI kamma khavedi bhavasayasahassa koDohiM / taM jANI tihigato khavevi ussAsametaNa / / --pravacanasAra 3138 jaM aNNANI kamma khabedi bhavasathasahassako Dihi / taM NANI tihigatto khavethi anto muhatteNa // -pArA0 108 isI taraha cAritra prAbhUta kI gAthA naM0 35, 32, 33, 35, pArAdhanA meM kucha parivartana tathA pATha bheda ke sAtha gAdhA naM0 1184, 1206, 1207, 1210, 1824 ukta sthiti meM upalabdha hotI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki pArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya kandakandAcArya ke bahata bAda hue haiN| inAhI nahIM kintu zivakoTi ke sAmane samantabhadra ke grantha bhI rahe hai| kyoMki isa grantha meM bahata svayaMbha stotra ke kucha padyoM ke bhAva ko anuvAdita kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta TIkAkAra ne bhI usake samarthana meM svayaMbhU stotra ke vAkyoM ko uddhRta karake batalAyA hai : aha aha bhaMjai bhoge taha taha bhogesu vaya ta bha mA. gA0 1262 taruNAviSaH parivahanti na zAptirAsAmiSTendriyArtha vibhaH parivariSa" -bRhatsvayaMbhUstotra, 82 bAhirakaraNavisujho abhaMtara krnnsodhnnsthaae| bha0mA0 mA0 1348 bAhya tapaH paramavuzcaramAcarastvamAdhyAtmikasya tapasaH parivahanArtham / , -hasvayaMbhUstotra, 3 isase bhI spaSTa hai ki zivArya samantabhadra ke bAda kisI samaya hue haiN| paura pUjyapAda-devanandI se pUvaM. patIM haiM, kyoMki pUjyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM tattvArtha sUtra ke veM adhyAya ke 2veM sUtra kI TIkA karate hue mArAdhanA kI 562 naM. kI nimna gAthA uddhRta kI hai : mAkaMpiya aNumANi ya jaMbiThaMbAvaraMba mhmN| chaNa sahA ulayaM bahujaNapravasa tassevI / / (14-815) kaa|| isake atirikta nimna do gAthAnoM kA bhAva bhI adhyAya 6 sUtra 6 ko TIkA meM liyA hai sahasANAbhogiyAppamAjiba apscvekssnnikheve| keho duppautto tahovakaraNaM ca Nivitti || saMjoyaNa maM bakaraNANaM va tahA pANabhoyaNANaM / buTTha NisihA maNavacakAyA bhevA Nisaggassa // "nikSepAmatuSiSaH apratyAnikSepAdhikaraNa, pramaSTanikSepAdhikaraNaM tahasAnikSeSAdhikaraNamanAbhoganikSepAdhikaraNa ceti / saMyogo vividha:-bhaktapAnasaMyogAdhiraNamupakaraNasaMyogAdhikaraNaM ceti / nisargastrividhaH kAya nisargAdhikaraNaM, bAnisAdhikaraNa manonisargAdhikaraNaM veti / sarvA0 sipra06 sUtra kI TIkA isa saba tulanA para se zivAya yA zivakoTi ke racanA kAla para macchA prakAza par3atA hai aura ve samantabhadra paura pUjyapAda ke madhyavartI kisI samaya hue hai| inakA samaya devamandI (pUNyapAva) se pUrvavartI hai| mArAmamA prastuta grantha meM 2170 ke lagabhaga gAbhAeM haiM jinameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak bhArita aura samyaka

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 106 tapa rUpa cAra pArAdhanAmoM kA gthana kiyA gayA hai| ArAdhanA ke kathana ke sAtha aneka dRSTAntoM dvArA usa viSaya ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| maraNa ke bheda-prabhedoM kA acchA varNana kiyA hai aura samAdhi maraNa karanevAle kSapaka kI paricaryA meM laganevAce sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA 44 batalAI gaI hai| 1621 nambara kI gAthA se 1891 naM ko 270 gAthAnoM dvArA grAta, raudra, dharma aura zukla ina cAra dhyAnoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| grantha meM kucha aisI prAcIna gAthAeM milatI haiM, jinakA ullekha zvetAmbarISa pAvazyaka niziAdi pranthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| parantu yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai ki Avazyaka niyukti prAdi grantha chaThavIM zatAbdI meM likhe gae haiN| prAvazyaka niyukti ko munipuNyavijayajI chaThavI zatAbdI kA mAnate haiN| parantu bhagavatI mArAdhanA usake kaI dAtAbdI pUrva kI racanA hai| yadyapi isa grantha meM strI mukti aura kavalAhAra prAdi kI mAnyatA kA ullekha nahIM hai, to bhI dazasthiti kalpavAlI gAthA ke kAraNa premIjI ne pArAdhanA ke kartA ko yApanIya sampradAya kA batalAyA hai| lagatA hai, kalpavAlI gAthAeM donoM sampradAyoM meM pUrva paramparA se AI haiN| ve zvetAmbarIya granthoM se lI gaI yaha kalpanA samUcita nahIM hai| yaha grantha bar3A lokapriya rahA hai| isa para aneka TIkA-TippaNa likhe gaye haiN| isa prantha para bijayodayA aura mUlArAdhanA TIkA ke atirikta eka prAkRta TIkA aura choTe-choTe TippaNa bhI rahe haiM, jinase usakI mahattA kA spaSTa bhAna hotA hai| aparAjita suriyA dhIvijaya dvArA racita saMskRta TIkA prakAzita ho cukI hai| jisameM gAthAmoM ke artha kA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue anya aneka upayogI vastuoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| prAcArya zivakoTi ne isa graMtha kI racanA pUrvAcAyau ke sUtrAnusAra kI hai| zrIcandra aura jayanandI ne bhI isa para TippaNa likhe haiN| ArAdhanA paJjikA aura bhAvArtha-dIpikA TIkA, paM0 zivAjI lAla kI bhI upalabdha hai, jo saMvata 1818 ko jeTha sudI 13 guruvAra ko samApta haI hai| saMskRta pArAdhanA prAcArya amitagati dvitIya ne likhI hai, jo saMskRta ke padyoM meM anuvAda rUpa meM hai| andha ke anta meM bAlapaNDita maraNa kA kathana karate hue, dezavratI zrAvaka ke vratoM kA bhI kucha vidhAna 2076 se 2053 taka kI 5 gAthAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| samantabhadra kA ziSyatva zravaNa belagola ke zilAlekha na.105 meM jo zaka saM0 1050 (vi0 saM0 1185) kA likhA huA hai, zivakoTi ko samantabhadra kA ziSya mIra tattvArtha sUtra kI TIkA kA kartA ghoSita kiyA hai| yathA-- tasyaiva ziSyaH zivakoTisa ristapolatAlambanadehayaSTiH / saMsAravArAkarapotametattatvArthasatra sadalaMcakAra // prabhAcandra ke prArAdhanA kathAkoza paura devacandra kRta 'rAjAvalIkathe' meM zivakoTi ko samantabhadra kA ziSya kahA gayA hai| vikrAnta kaurava nATaka ke kartA AcArya hastimalla ne bhI, jo vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI meM hue haiM apane nimna zloka meM samantabhadra ke do ziSyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / eka zivakoTi, dUsare zivAyana : ziSyo tabIyau zivakoTinAmA zivAyanaH zAstravidAM vrennyo| kRtsnazrutaM zrIgurupAramUle hadhItavantau bhavataH kRtArthI / ukta ArAdhanA graMtha ke kartA ne samantabhadra kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| cUMki samantabhadra kA dIkSA nAma ajJAta hai, isa kAraNa isa sambandha meM kucha adhika nahIM kahA jA sakatA / samantabhadra zivakoTi ke guru haiM isa viSaya kA koI spaSTa pramANa mila jAya to yaha samasyA hala ho sakatI hai| graMthakAra dvArA ullikhita guruoM ke nAmoM meM jinanandi kA nAma pAyA hai| yadi jinanandi samantabhadra kA dIkSA nAma ho to usa hAlata meM zivakoTi samantabhadra ke ziSya ho sakate haiN| para isameM sandeha nahIM ki zivakoTi samantabhadra ke ziSya jarUra the aura ve sambhavataH kAJcI ke rAjA the--banArasa ke nahIM / ve yahI haiM yA anya koI, yaha vicAraNIya aura anveSaNIya hai|

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siddhasena 107 siddhasena siddhasena kI gaNanA darzana prabhAvaka AcAryoM meM kI jAtI hai| ve apane samaya ke viziSTa vidvAn, vAdI aura kavi the aura tarka zAstra meM atyanta nipuNa the / digambara davetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM inakI mAnyatA hai / upalabdha sAhitya meM siddhasena kA sabase prathama ullekha AcArya akalaMka deva ke tattvArthavAnika meM pAyA jAtA hai / kalaMka deva ne usameM iti zabda ke aneka artho kA pratipAdana karate hue iti zabda kA eka artha zabda prAdurbhAva bhI kiyA hai / usake udAharaNa meM zrIdatta aura siddhasena kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / vavacicchada prAdurbhAva vartate iti zrIdattamiti siddhasenamiti / inameM zrIdatta ko prAcArya vidyAnanda ne tresaTha vAdiyoM kA vijetA aura jalpanirNaya nAmaka grantha kA kartA batalAyA hai| prastuta siddhamena vahI prasiddha siddhasena jAna par3ate haiM, jinakA ullekha pUjyapAda (devanadI) ne jainendra vyAkaraNa meM kiyA hai aura jinakA prabhAva akalaMka deva kI kRtiyoM para parilakSita hotA hai / digambara paramparA ke dhavalA-javadhanalA jaise TIkA granthoM meM 'sanmati sUtra' ke aneka padya uddhata haiM / siddhasena vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI the| isI se uttaravartI granthakAroM dvArA unakA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| harivaMzapurANa ke kartA punnA saMghIya jinasena ne apane pUrvavartI vidvAnoM kA smaraNa karate hue pahale samantabhadra kA aura usake vAda siddhasena kA smaraNa kiyA hai / jAna par3atA hai ki unhoMne aitihAsika kamAnusAra yAcAryoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai| siddhasena ke sambandha meM unhoMne likhA hai ki jagatprasiddhasya vRSabhasyeva nistuSAH / bodhayanti satAM buddhiM siddhasenasya sUktayaH // - jinakA jJAna jagata meM sarvatra prasiddha hai una siddhasena kI nirmala sUktiyA~ RSabhadeva jinendra kI sUktiyoM ke samAna sajjanoM kI buddhi ko prabuddha karatI haiN| isase pahale jinasena ne samantabhadra ke smaraNa meM unake vacanoM ko vIra bhagavAna ke vacana tulya batalAyA hai| pazcAt siddhasena kI sUktiyoM ko RSabhadeva ke tulya batalAkara unake prati samantabhadra se bhI adhika Adara pragaTa kiyA hai| kintu unakI kisI racanA vizeSa kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA / parantu bhagavajjinasena ne apane mahApurANa meM unake 'sanmati sUtra' kA jarUra saMketa kiyA hai| jaisA ki unake nimna padya se pragaTa hai: pravAdikariyUthAnAM kesarI - nayakesaraH / siddhasenaka vijayAdvikalpanasvarAMkuraH / / - ve siddhasena kavi jayavanta hoM, jo pravAdarUpI hastiyoM ke yUtha ( jhuNDa ) ke lie siMha ke samAna haiM / naya jisake kesara (gardana ke bAla) haiM, aura vikalpa paine nAkhUna haiM / siddhasena kA sanmati sUtra tarka pradhAna grantha hai / isameM tIna kANDa yA adhyAya haiM / unameM se prathama kANDa meM kAntavAda kI dena naya aura sapta bhaMgI kA mukhya kathana hai| dUsare kANDa meM darzana aura jJAna kI carcA hai, isI meM kevalajJAna aura kevaladarzana kA prabheda sthApita kiyA gayA hai aura tIsare kANDa meM paryAya aura guNa meM abheda kI naI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isa taraha yaha grantha eka mahatvapUrNa dArzanika kRti hai / Agama kA avalambana hote hue bhI tarka ko prazraya diyA gayA hai| kyoMki tarkavAda meM vikalpa jAla kI hI pramukhatA hotI hai, jisameM prativAdI ko parAsta kiyA jAtA hai | sanmati sUtra kA prathama kANDa jahA~ siddhasena rUpI siMha ke nayakesaratva kA bodhaka hai, vahA~ dUsarA tetus unakA vikalpa rUpI paine nakhoM kA avabhAsaka hai / kevalI ke darzana aura jJAna meM prabheda siddha karane ke lie unhoMne jo tarka prastuta kie haiM, pratipakSI bhI unakA lohA mAne binA nahIM raha sktaa| Upara ke isa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki 1 1. dviprakAraM jaga jalpaM tatda prAtibhagocaram / vivAdinAM jetA zrIdatto jalpanirNaye // ( tatvA0 zlo0 pR0 280 ) 2. dekho, tatvAdhaM vArtika 1- 13 pR0 57 /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 majjanasamma pakA dhyAna karake hI siddhasena siMha ke svarUpa kA sAkSAt paricaya prApta kiyA thA jisakA citraNa unake smaraNa padya meM pAyA jAtA hai| 108 vIrasena jinasena ne ghavalA - jayaghavalA TIkA meM nayoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue sanmatisUtra kI gAthAoM ko pramANa rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai aura bAgama pramANa ke rUpa meM mAnya kiyA hai| sanmati sUtra ke dUsare kANDa meM jIva ke pradhAna lakSaNa jJAna aura darzana kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai, aura jJAna darzana ke yaugapadya aura kramazaH donoM pakSoM ko anucita batalAkara likhA hai ki kevala jJAnI ke darzana aura jJAna meM koI bheda nahIM hai| ataH unake eka sAtha yA kramazaH hone kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| digambara paramparA meM kevala jJAnI ke jJAna aura darzana pratikSaNa yugapad mAne gaye hai / aura zvetAmbara paramparA meM unakA upayoga kramazaH mAnA hai| siddhasena ne donoM pakSoM ko na mAnakara prabhedavAda ko sthApita kiyA hai| kevala jJAna zrIra kevala darzana ke abhedavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai, isI meM jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa ne vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM usakI kar3I AlocanA kI hai| usI taraha zrabhedavAda kI mAnyatA yugapadavAdI digambara paramparA ke bhI pratikUla hai / isIlie AcArya vIrasena ne bhI use mAnya nahIM kiyA hai| kalaMka ke granthoM para prabhAva Guai siddhasena ne sanmati tarka meM guNa aura paryAya meM abheda kI sthApanA kI hai| unhoMne paryAya se guNa ko bhinna nahIM mAnA hai | akalaMkadeva ne tatvArthavArtika ke pA~caveM adhyAya ke 'guNaparyayavadravyam' (5-37 pR. 51 ) sUtra bhASya meM ukta carcA kA samAdhAna tIna prakAra se kiyA hai| pahale to Agama pramANa ko dekara guNa kI sattA siddha kI hai| phira 'guNa eva paryAyAH iti vA nirdeza:' samAsa karake guNa ko paryAya se abhinna batalAyA haiN| siddhasenAcArya kI yahI mAnyatA hai / isa para yaha zaMkA kI gaI ki yadi guNa hI paryAya hai to kevala guNavad dravyaM yA paryAyavat dravyaM kahanA cAhie thA / guNa paryayavat dravya kA lakSaNa kyoM kahA ? isake uttara meM yaha samAdhAna diyA hai ki janetare mata meM guNoM ko dravya se bhinna mAnA gayA hai| ataH usakI nivRtti ke lie donoM kA grahaNa karake dravya ke parivartana ko paryAya kahA gayA hai, usI ke bheda guNa haiN| guNa bhinna jAtIya nahIM hai| isa vivecana meM prakalaMkadeva ne siddha sena ke mata ko mAnya kiyA hai| isase siddhasena kA akalaMka para prabhAva spaSTa hai| akalaMkadeva ne ladhIyastraya kI 67 vIM kArikA meM sammati sUtra kI 1-3 gAthA kA saMskRtIkaraNa kiyA hai : tisthaya ravayaNa saMgaha visesa patthAra mUla bAgaraNI / vaTTiyo ya pajjavaNazro ya sesA vithappAlaM / / 1- 3 sataH tIrthakara vacana saMgraha vizeSa mUla vyAkaraNau dravya paryAyArthiko nizcetavyau / (laghIyastraya sva. vU. zloka 67) tathA tattvArtha vArtika pR. 87 meM sammati kI ) 'paNNavaNijjAbhAvA' nAma kI gAthA uddhRta kI hai aura isI meM siddhasena ke aneka mantavyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| samaya prastuta siddhasena sanmatisUtra aura kucha dvAtriMzatikAoM ke kartA the| ve pUjyapAda (devanandI ) haribhadra 750-800 I0 jinadAsagaNI mahattara aura jinabhadragaNI kSamAzramaNa se bhI pUrvavartI haiN| pUjyapAda ne jaineMdra vyAkaraNa meM vetteH siddhasenasya', vAkya meM siddhasena ke mata vizeSa kA ullekha kiyA hai| unake matAnusAra 'vid' dhAtu' ke 'ra' kA zrAgama hotA hai bhale hI vaha sakarmaka ho / unakI naumI dvAtriMzatikA ke 22veM padya ke 'vidvate' vAkya meM 'ra' zrAgama vAlA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| anya vaiyAkaraNa 'sama' upasargapUrvaka akarmaka 'vid' dhAtu ke 'ra' kA Agama svIkAra karate haiM / parantu siddhasena ne sakarmaka 'vid' dhAtu kA prayoga batalAyA hai| devanandI ne 'tasvArthavRtti meM sAta zradhyAya ke 13ve sUtra kI TIkA meM --- viyojayati SAbhinaM ca badhena saMyujyate' padyAMza ko jo tIsarI dvAtriMzatikA ke 16ve patha

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siddhasena kA prathama caraNa hai| uddhata kiyA hai isase spaSTa hai di siddhasena pUjyapAda se bhI pUrvavartI haiN| pUjyapAda kA samaya IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI hai / prataH siddhasena IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdha ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| jA0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhyAya ne siddhagena ke nyAyAvatAra kA sampAdana kiyA hai| unhoMne usake prAkkathana pra.XXU meM likhA hai ki-'yaha bahuta saMbhava hai ki yaha siddhasena gupta kAla ke vidvAna hoN| candragapta dvitIya jo vikramAditya ke nAma se prasiddha hai, aura jisakA samaya 376 se 464 I0 hai, yahI samaya siddhasena divAkara kA honA saMbhava hai| DA0 sA0 ne inheM yApanIya sampradAya kA vidvAna batalAyA hai| nyAyAvatAra ke karmA siddhasena inase bhinna aura bAda ke vidvAn haiM, aura be zvetAmbara sampradAya ke vidvAna haiN| inakA samaya sAtavoM zatAbdI hai| 1. vidhI jayati cAsabhinaM ca vadhena saMyujyate zivaM ca na parogamadaM puruSa smRtavidyate / vadhAya napamanyugati - parAnna nighnanna / svarAya mani durgamaH prathama heturuvAtitaH / / 16

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guhanandi pA~cavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya prakalaMka nAma ke manya vidvAna tumbulurAcArya raviSeNAcArya vIra deva zAmakuNDAcArya candranandi vAyananandi muni zrIdatta, zrIvatta yazobhatra devasena devananvi(pUjyapAda) baladevaguru prAyamakSa aura nAmahasti ugrasena guru muni sarvanandi guNasena muni yativRSabha nAgasena gUru siddhandhi siMhanadi gaha citakAcArya guNadevasUri vacanandi guNakIti nAgasena guru telamolidevara (tolAmoliterava) svAmi kumAra candramandi joindu (yogIndreva) jayadeva paMDita pAtrakezarI vijayakoti anantavIrya vRddha vimalacandrAcArya mAnataMgAcArya kotinandi jaTAsiMhanandi vizeSavAdhi zubhanandI-ravinandi candrasena mahAkavi dhanaMjaya mAryanandi sumatideva (sanmati) elAcArya sumatideva (dvitIya) kumAranandi kumArasena udayaveva kaviparamezvara(kaviparameSThI) siddhAnta kIti kANabhikSu elavAcArya ghaumuha (caturmakha) cantanandi akalaMka deva ravikoti

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guhanandi re caspAlaya ke prasiddha vidvAna the| paMcastupAnbaya kI sthApanA grahadavalI ne kI thI jo puNyavardhana ke nivAsI the / puNyavardhana jaina paramparA kA kendra rahA hai| ataH guhanandi kA samaya guptakAlIna tAmrazAsana se pUrvavartI hai| ukta tAmrazAsana ke anusAra gupta varSa 159 (san 478-76) meM, eka brAhmaNa nAthazarmA aura usakI bhAryA rAmnI dvArA baTagohAlI grAma meM paMcastUpAnvaya nikAya ke nirgrantha (zramaNa) AcArya guhanandI ke ziSya-praziyoM dvArA adhiSThita vihAra meM bhagavAna prahantoM (jaina tIrthakaroM) kI pUjA sAmagrI (gandha-dhapa) Adi ke nirvAhAthaM tathA nigraMthAcArya mahanandi ke bihAra meM eka vizrAma sthAna nirmANa karane ke lie yaha bhUmi sadA ke lie isa bihAra ke adhiSThAnA banArasa ke paMcastupa nikAya saMgha ke prAcArya guhanandi ke ziSya-praziSyoM ko pradAna kI gaI thii| isase gRhandi kA samaya saMbhavataH IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI honA cAhiye / tumbulUrAcArya yaha tumbulara nAmaka sundara grAma ke nivAsI the| ye tumbulara grAma ke bAsI hone ke kAraNa tumbularAcArya khlaaye| jaise kundakundapura meM rahane ke kAraNa pacanandi AcArya kundakunda nAma se prasiddha hue| inhoMne paTakhaNDAgama ke prathama pAMca khaNDoM para 'car3AmaNi' nAma kI eka TIkA likhI thI, jisakA pramANa caurAsI hajAra zloka pramANa batalAyA gayA hai| chaThaveM khaNDa ko chor3akara donoM siddhAnta granthoM para eka mahatI vyAkhyA kanar3I bhASA meM banAI thii| inake atirikta chaThaveM khaNDa para sAta hajAra pramANa paJjikA' likhii| ina donoM racanAmoM kA pramANa 61 hajAra zloka pramANa ho jAtA hai| mahApavala kA jo paricaya dhavalAdi siddhAnta granthoM ke 'prazasti saMgraha meM diyA gayA hai, usameM paMjikA rUpa vivaraNa kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai yathA ghocchAmi saMtakamme paMtriyarUpeNa vivaraNaM sumahatyaM ||"""""punno teMhito sesaTThArasaNiyogahArANi saMtakamma sadhvANi paravidANi / to vitassaigaMbhIratAvo, pratya visama padANamatthe yosaddharmaNa paMciya-haveNa bhnnissaamo| tumbulUrAcArya ke samaya ke sambandha meM koI prAmANika itivRtta nahIM milatA, jisase unakA nizcita samaya batAyA jA ske| DA. hIrAlAla jI ne dhavalA ke prathama bhAga kI prastAvanA meM inakA samaya cauthI zatAbdI batalAyA hai| jaba taka unake samaya ke sambandha meM koI prAcIna pramANa upalabdha nahIM hotA, taba taka DA. hIrAlAla jI dvArA mAnya samaya hI mAnanA ucita hai| vIradeva poraveva malasaMgha ke vidyAna mAcArya the jo siddhAnta zAstra meM pravINa the| inake upadeza se gaMga vaMza ke rAjA mAdhava varmA ne apane rAjya ke 13veM varSa meM phAlguNa sudipaMcamI ko bhUlasaMgha dvArA pratiSThApita jinAlaya ko 'kumArapura' nAma kA eka gA~va dAna meM diyA thA yaha tAmra lekha gupta kAla se pUrva saMbhavataH I0 san 370 kA hai| prastuta vIradeva ke rAjagRha kI sonabhaNDAra guphA ke lekha meM utkIrNa vairadeva ke sAtha ekatva kI saMbhAvanA ho sakatI hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna inihAga-- bhAga 2 candranandi ye mUlasaMgha ke vidvAna the| inheM paramAta upAdhyAya vijayakIti ko sammati se candranandi mAdi dvArA pratiSThA. pita uranara ke jaina mandira ke liye mAdhavavarma ke putra koMguNi varma dharma mahArAjAdhirAja (avinIta) ne, jo jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA aura kaliyugo yudhiSThira kahalAtA thaa| apane kalyANa ke liye apane bar3hate hae rAjya ke prathama varSa kI phAlguna sUdI paMcamI ko-korivanda deza meM 'vennelakarani' nAma kA gAMva pradAna kiyA thaa| aura perUra evA niyaDigala-jinAlaya ko bAhya cagI kA cIthAI kApiNa diyA thaa| yaha lekha gupta kAla se pUrvavartI hai---aura noNamaMgala (lakkara paraganA) meM dhvasta jaina vasti ke tAmra patroM para aMkita hai, jo jamIna meM mile haiN| lekha samaya rahita hai| rAIsa sA. ise 425 IsvI kA mAnate haiN| zrIdatta zrIdatta nAma ke do vidvAna prAcAryoM kA nAmollekha milatA hai / eka zrIdatta ve haiM jinakA nAma cAra bArAtIya prAcAryoM meM se eka hai| ve bar3e bhArI vidvAna aura tapasvI the| prAcArya devanandi kI tattvArtha vRtti ke anusAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAkSArizaSya gaNadhara aura zrutake valiyoM ke bAda aMga-pUrvAdhi ke pAThI jo prAcArya hue hai, bhaura jinhoMne dazavakAlikAdi sUtra upanibaddha kiye ve prArAtIya kahalAte haiN| vinayadatta, zrIdatta, zivadatta paura prahadata ye cAra grArAtIya pAcArya hae haiN| inheM indranandi ne aMga-pUrvadhArI batalAyA hai| ina cAroM meM se zrIdatta ko chor3a kara anya tIna kA bhI yahI paricaya jAnanA caahiye| ve saba maMga-pUrvadhArI the| dUsare zrIvatta dUsare zrIdatta ve haiM jo dArzanika vidvAna ke rUpa meM loka prasiddha rahe haiN| ve dIptimAna sapasvI aura presaTha vAdiyoM ke vijetA the| devanandi ne janendra dhyAkaraNa ke 'zrIdattasya striyAma' (1 / 4 / 34) sUtra meM zrIdatta kA smaraNa kiyA hai| isa sUtra meM zrIdatta ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai, aura batalAyA hai ki zrIdasa prAcArya ke mata se guNahetuka paJcamI vibhakti hotI hai| parantu yaha kArya strIliGga meM nahIM hotaa| prastu, ---.- ....-.--..- .--.. 1. dekho, jana lekhasaMgraha bhA0 2 lekha naM0 60 pU055 2. dekho makarA kA tAmra patra, jaina lekha saMgraha bhAga 2 pu0601 3. ArAtIyaH punarAcAryaH kAladoSAsaMkSiptAyurbalaziSyAnugrahArtha dazavakAlikApanibaddha tatprabhAraNamatasyavamiti kSIrArNava jasaM ghaTa gRhItamiva / (tattvA0 001 sUtra 20) 4. vinayadharaH zrIdattaH zivadatto 'nyo'rhadatta naamaite| ArAtIyAH yatayaH sato'bhavanna pUrvadharAH / / 24 -indranandi zrutAvatAra 24

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 AcArya. akalakadeva ne apane tattvArtha vArtika pR0 57 meM zabda prAdurbhAva artha meM iti zabda ke prayoga kI carcA ke prasaGga meM 'iti zrIdattam' kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki ye koI zabda zAstra niSNAta prAcArya the, aura unakA samaya pUjyapAda (devanandi) se pUrvavartI hai| 114 jinasenAcArya ne Adi purANa meM unakA smaraNa karate hue unheM tapaH zrIdIpta mUrti aura vAdirUpI gajoM kA prabhedaka siMha batalAyA hai| isase ve bar3e dArzanika aura kisI dArzanika grantha ke kartA rahe haiM / " AcArya vidyAnanda ne tattvArtha zloka vArtika meM unheM saThavAdiyoM kA vijetA kahA hai aura unake 'jalpa nirNaya' nAmaka grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai| jaisA ki unake nimna padya se prakaTa hai / hiprakAraM jagI jalpaM tattvaprAtibhagocaram / triSaSTheryAdinAM jetA zrIvatto jalpanirNaye // 45 - svA0 ilo0 vA0 pR0 280 jalpa nirNaya grantha jaya-parAjaya kI vyavasthA kA nirNAyaka jAna par3atA hai| akalaMka deva ke siddhi vinizcaya ke jalpasiddhi prakaraNa Adi meM saMbhavataH usakA upayoga kiyA gayA ho / akSapAda gautama ke 'nyAya sUtra' meM jina solaha padArthoM ke tatvajJAna se mokSa mAnA gayA hai, unameM vAda, jalpa aura vitaNDA bhI hai / vAdI ko prativAdI ke madhya hone vAle zAstrArtha ko vAda kahate haiN| jalpa aura vittaDA bhI usI ke prakAra haiN| AcArya zrIdatta ne usameM se jalpa kA nirNaya karane ke lie jalpa nirNaya grantha racA hogaa| cUMki zrIdatta ne tresaTha bAdiyoM ko jItA thA, isa kAraNa ve dAda zAkhA ke niSNAta paMDita the / ve bar3e bhArI tapasvI aura darzana zAstra ke prakANDa vidvAna the| abhayanandi kI mahAvRtti se sUcita hotA hai ki zrIdatta atyanta prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa the jo loka meM pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| 'iti zrIdattam' yaha prayoga 'iti pANini' ke sadRza lokaprasiddha thA / isI prakAra - tacchrI dattam' zraho zrIdatta' prAdiprayoga bhI zrIdatta kI lokapriyatA aura prAmANikatA ko abhivyakta karate haiM sUtra | 3 | 3|76 para 'tena yoktam ke udAharaNa meM abhayanandI ne zrIdatta viracita sUtra grantha ko zrIdattIyam' kahA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki zrIdatta kA banAyA koI grantha zravazya thA ? | bahuta saMbhava hai ki prAcArya jinasena aura devanandI dvArA ullikhita zrIdatta eka hI ho aura yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki bhinna hoN| Adi purANakAra ne cU~ki zrIdatta ko tapaH zrI dIpta mUrti aura vAdirUpagaja gaNoM kA prabhedaka siMha batalAyA hai| isase zrIdatta dArzanika vidvAna jAna par3ate haiM / yazobhadra ye prakhara tArkika vidvAn the| unake sabhA meM pahuMcate hI vAdiyoM kA garva kharva ho jAtA thA / AcArya devanandI ne bhI apane jainendra vyAkaraNa meM 'kvavRSijAM yazobhadrasya 114 | 34' sUtra meM yazobhadra kA ullekha kiyA hai| inakI kisI bhI kRti kA ullekha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM AyA / devanandI dvArA jainendra vyAkaraNa meM ullekhita aura jinasena dvArA smRta yazobhadra donoM eka hI haiM, to inakA samaya IsA kI 5vI tathA vi0 kI chaThI zatAbdI yA usase kucha pUrvavartI jAna par3atA hai / 1. zrIdattAya namastasmaM tapaH zrIdIptamUrtaye / kaNThIravAmitaM yena pravAdIbhaprabhedane // 45. 2. viduSvaNISu satsu yasya nAmApi kIrtitam / nikharvayati tadgarvaM yatobhadraH sa pAtu naH / / Adi pu0 1,46 :

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya devanaMdi ( pUjyapAda ) bhAratIya jaina paramparA meM jo labdhapratiSTha granthakAra hue haiM, unameM AcAryaM pUjyapAda ( devanandi ) kA nAma khAsataura se ullekhanIya hai| inheM vidvattA aura pratibhA kA samAna rUpa se varadAna prApta thaa| jaina paramparA meM svAmI samantabhadra aura sanmati ke kartA siddhasena ke bAda pUjyapAda yA devananda ko hI mahattA prApta hai| ApakI amara kRtiyoM kA prabhAva digambara zvetAmbara donoM hI paramparAmroM meM samAna rUpa se dikhAI detA hai| isa kAraNa uttaravartI vidvAna itihAsajJoM aura sAhityakAroM ne inakI mahattA aura vidvattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura unake caraNoM meM zraddhA sumana samarpita kiye haiM / AcArya devanandi apane samaya ke prasiddha tapasvI munipuMgava the / ve sAhitya jagata ke prakAzamAna sUrya ye jinake Aloka se samasta vAGmaya Alokita rhegaa| inakA dIkSA nAma devanandi thaa| buddhi kI prakharatA ke kAraNa jinendra buddhi kahalAye, aura devoM dvArA unake caraNa yugala pUje gae the, isa kAraNa ve loka meM pUjyapAda nAma se khyAta the| jaisA ki zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha ( naM0 40 ) ke nimna padya se spaSTa hai :--- yo vevanandi prathimAbhidhAno buddhyA mahatyA se jinendra buddhiH / zrI pUjyapAdo'jani devatAbhiryaspUjitaM pAvayugaM yadIyam // nandi saMgha kI paTTAvalI meM bhI devanandi kA dUsarA nAma pUjyapAda batalAyA hai| ye vyAkaraNa, kAvya siddhAnta, vaidyaka, aura chanda Adi vividha viSayoM ke marmajJa vidvAna the| jainendra vyAkaraNa ke kartA ke nAma se hI inakI prasiddhi hai / ye mUlasaMghAntargata nandisaMgha ke pradhAna prAcArya the| vAdirAja ne bhI unakA smaraNa kiyA hai' / Adi purANa ke kartA jinasena inakI stuti karate hue kahate haiN| "kavInAM tIrthakRddevaH kiM tarAM tatra varNyate / viduSAM vAGmaladhvaMsi tIrthaM yasya vacomayam || " - jo kaviyoM meM tIrthaMkara ke samAna the aura jinakA vacana rUpI tIrtha vidvAnoM ke vacana mala ko dhone vAlA hai| una devanandi AcArya kI stuti karane meM kauna samartha hai| devanandi ne jisa taraha apanI kRtiyoM dvArA mokSamArga kA prakAza kiyA hai, usI prakAra unhoMne zabda zAstra para bhI apanI racanAeM loka meM bheMTa kI haiM, aura zarIra zAstra jaise laukika viSaya para bhI apanI racanA pradAna kI haiM / isI se zrAcArya zubhacandra bhI jJAnArNava meM unake guNoM kA udbhAvana karate hue kahate hai apAkurvanti yadvAcaH kAyavAzcittasambhavam / kalamaGginAM sojyaM devanandI namasyate // 1-15 / - jinakI zAstra paddhati prANiyoM ke zarIra, vacana aura citta ke sabhI prakAra ke maila ko dUra karane meM samartha hai, una devanandI ko maiM praNAma karatA hU~ / zrAcArya guNanandi ne jainendra vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM kA Azraya lekara jainendra prakriyA kI racanA kI hai ve unakA guNagAna karate hue kahate haiM 1. mahimA devaH so'bhivandyo hitaiSiNA / zabdAcca na miti sAdhutvaM pratilambhitaH // pArzvanAtha carita

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116 namaH zrI pUjyapAdAya lakSaNaM yadupakramam / devA tadanyatra yannAtrAsti na tarakvacit // * jinhoMne lakSaNa zAstra kI racanA kI, maiM una pUjyapAda AcArya ko praNAma karatA hU~ / isIse unake lakSaNa zAstra kI mahattA spaSTa hai ki jo isameM hai vahI anyatra hai aura jo isameM nahIM hai vaha anyatra bhI nahIM haiN| inake sivAya uttaravartI dhanaMjaya, vAdirAja, aura padmaprabha Adi aneka vidvAnoM ne unakA stavana kara unakI guNa paramparA ko jIvita rakkhA hai / isase pUjyapAda kI mahattA kA sahaja ho bhAna ho jAtA hai / inake pUjyapAda aura jinendra buddhi ina nAmoM ko sArthakatA vyakta karane vAle zilA vAkyoM ko dekhiye jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 zrI pUjyapAdadhRta dharmarAjyastataH surAdhIzvara pUjyapAda: / yadI duSya guNAnidAnoM vadanti zAstrANi taduddhRtAni || dhRta vizva buddhirayamayogibhiH kRtkRtyabhAvamanuvibuccakaiH / jinavad babhUva yavanaGgacApahRtsa jinendrabuddhiriti sAdhuvarNitaH / / ye donoM zloka zaka saM0 1355 meM utkIrNa zilAlekha ke haiM jinameM batalAyA gayA hai ki AcArya pUjyapAda ne dharmarAja kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| isase Apake caraNa indroM dvArA pUje gae the| isI kAraNa zrApa pUjyapAda nAma se sambodhita kiye jAne lage / Apake vidyA viziSTa guNoM ko Aja bhI Apake dvArA uddhAra pAye hue ranaM huezAstra batalA rahe haiM | Apa jinendra ke samAna vizva vRddhi ke dhAraka - samasta zAstra viSayoM meM pAraMgata the, kRtakRtya the aura kAmadeva ko jItane vAle the| isIliye yogI jana unheM 'jinendra buddhi' nAma se sambodhita karate the / Apa nandi saMgha ke pradhAna AcArya the / mahAna dArzanika, advitIya vaiyAkaraNa apUrva vaidya, dhuraMdhara kavi bahuta bar3e tapasvI, sAtizaya yogI aura pUjya mahAtmA the / jIvana-paricaya- Apa karnATaka deza ke nivAsI aura brAhmaNa kula meM utpanna hue the| pUjyapAda carita ora rAjAbalI kathe nAmaka graMtha meM grApake pitA kA nAma mAdhava bhaTTa aura mAtA kA nAma zrIdevI diyA hai| zrApakA janma kole nAma ke grAma meM huA thA / jIvana ghaTanA- Apake jIvana ko aneka ghaTanAe~ hai - ( 1 ) videhagamana ( 2 ) ghora tapazcaraNAdi ke kAraNa prAMkhoM kI jyoti kA naSTa ho jAnA tathA zAntASTaka ke nirmANa aura ekAgratA pUrvaka usakA pATha karane se usakI punaH samprApti / (3) devatAoM dvArA caraNoM kA pUjA jAnA, (4) zrauSadhi Rddhi kI upalabdhi ( 5 ) pAda spRSTa jala ke prabhAva se lohe kA suvarNa meM pariNata ho jAnA / isa sabake vicAra kA yahA~ avasara nahIM hai / yaha vizeSa anusandhAna ke sAtha yoga kI zakti kI vizeSatA aura mahattA se sambandhita hai / sAtha meM aDola zraddhA bhI usameM kAraNa hai / ApakI nimna racanAe~ haiM - tattvArtha vRtti ( sarvArtha siddhi) samAdhitaMtra, iSTopadeza, deza bhakti, jainendra vyAkaraNa, vaidyaka zAstra, chanda graMtha, zAntyaSTaka, sArasaMgraha aura jainAbhiSeka / tatvArtha vRtti - upalabdha jaina sAhitya meM gRddhapicchAcArya ke tatvArtha sUtra para likhI gaI yaha prathama TIkA hai / pUjyapAda ne pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM samApti sUcaka jo puSpikA do hai usameM isakA nAma sarvArtha siddhi vrataise vRtti grantha rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai| jaisA ki TIkA prazasti ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai : lAte hue 1. zaka saMvat 1355 ke nimna zilA vAkya meM zrISadhaRddhi, aura videha ke jina darzana se zarIra kI pavitratA tathA unake pAdadhIta jala ke sparza ke prabhAva se lohe ke suvarNa hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai : zrI pUjya munirapratimarthAddhaH joyAdvideha jinadarzana pUtagAtraH / gatpAdadhIta jalasaMsparza prabhAvAtkAlA kila tathA kanakIcakAra / / 17 2. iti sarvArtha siddhisaMjJakAyAM tattvArthavRttau prathamo'dhyAyaH samAptaH / 1

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pAMcavIM zanAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya svargApavargasukhamApta manobhirAyaH jainendra shaasnvraamRtsaarbhuutaa| sarvArthasiddhiriti saddhirupAtta nAmA tattvArtha vRttiranizaM manasA pradhAryA / / jo svarga aura mokSa-sukha ke iccheka haiM, ve jinendra zAsana rUpo utkRSTa amRta meM sArabhUta aura sajjana puruSoM dvArA rakhe gaye mArtha siddhi isa nAma se prakhyAta isa nattvArtha vRtti ko nirantara mana pUrvaka dhAraNa kreN| ve usakI mahattA batalAte hue kahate haiM --.. tattvArthavattimaditAM viritArthatattvA: aNvanti ye paripaThanti ca dharmabhaktyA / haste kRtaM paramasijisukhAmRtaM tairmAmarezvarasukheSu kimasti vAcyam / / saba padArthoM ke jAnakAra jo isa tattvArtha vRtti ko dharma bhakti se sunate haiM, aura par3hate haiM mAno unhoMne parama siddha sukha rUpI pramata ko apane hAtha meM hI kara liyA hai| phira unheM cakravartI aura indra ke sukha ke viSaya meM to kahanA hI kyA hai? isa kAraNa isa vRtti kA nAma 'sarvArthasiddhi' sArthaka hai| racanA zailI ki sUtra kA viSaya tasvArtha hai, ataH vRttikAra ne jIva, ajIva, pAlava, baMdha saMvara nirjarA aura mokSa rUpa sAta tasvoM kA mahattvapUrNa vivecana kiyA hai| TIkAkAra ne ise vRtti kahA hai| jisameM sUtroM ke padoM kA pAzraya lekara pratyeka pada kI vivecanA kI jAtI hai use vRtti kahate haiN| vRtti kA yaha lakSaNa sarvArthasiddhi meM saMghaTita hai| isameM sUtra ke prAyaH sabhI padoM kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke liye prathama adhyAya ke dUsare sUtra meM 'tattvArtha' pada rakhA hai| isakA vivAda vivecana darzanAntaroM kA nirdeza karate hue diyA hai / isase pUjyapAda kI racanA zailI kA sahaja hI prAbhAsa ho jAtA hai| unhoMne sUtragata pratyeka pada kA vicAra kiyA hai aura sUtrapATha meM jahAM mAgama se virodha dikhAI detA hai, vahAM sUtra pATha kI rakSA karate hue unhoMne usakI saGgati viThalAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| TIkA meM unakI kuzalatA kA sarvatra darzana hotA hai| pUjyapAda eka prAmANika TIkAkAra haiN| unakI zailI gatizIla evaM pravAhayukta hai| vRttikAra ne vRtti likhate samaya bhASA sauSThava kA barAbara dhyAna rakhA hai, aura mAgama paramparA kA bhI pUrA nirvAha kiyA hai| prathama adhyAya ke sAtaveM pAThaveM sUtra kI vRtti likhate hue unhoMne SaTa khaNDAgama ke sUtroM kA saMskRta anuvAda de diyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki AcArya devanaMdi SaTkhaNDAgama ke abhyAsI the, usake rahasya se paricita the| isa kAraNa usameM viziSTa kathana kiyA gayA hai| ve bahazrata vidvAna the| unhoMne vastUtattva kA dRr3hatA se pratipAdana karane kA sAhasa kiyA hai| unakI zailI vizad aura viSaya sparzo hai| vatti likhate samaya jo choTe-bar3e pATha bheda mile| unakI unhoMne yathAsthAna carcA kI hai, aura unakA ullekha kiyA hai| usase spaSTa hai ki pUjyapAda ke sAmane kucha TIkA grantha avazya the| isI se unhoMne apareSAM kSiniHsUta iti pAu:" kA ullekha karate hue batalAyA hai ki anya prAcAryoM ke mata se kSipra ke bAda aniHsataM ke sthAna para niHsata pATha hai| devanandi ne tattvArthasUtra kI bahumUlya TIkA banAkara pAThakoM ko jJAna kI vipula sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| samAdhitantra-dusarI kRti samAdhi taMtra hai| isakI zloka saMkhyA 105 hai, zravaNa velagola ke 40veM zilAlekha meM isakA nAma samAdhi zataka diyA hai| yaha eka prAdhyAtmika grantha hai| isameM madhyAtma viSaya kA bar3I hI sundaratA se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| adhyAtma se gar3ha viSaya kA itanA sarala aura sarasa kathana sUtrarUpa meM karanA mapanI khAsa vizeSatA rakhatA hai| viSaya ke pratipAdana kI zailI sundara aura hRdayagrAhiNI hai| bhASA sauSThava dekhate hI banatA hai| padya racanA prasAdAdi guNoM se viziSTa hai| jAna par3atA hai, devanandI ne adhyAtma zAstra samudra kA dohana karake jo amRta nikAlA, vaha isameM bharA huA hai| isake adhyayana se citta prasanna ho jAtA hai aura usase apanI bhUla kA bodha hotA calA jAtA hai| granthakAra ne svayaM likhA hai ki maiMne isakA nirmANa prAgama, yukti aura pantaHkaraNa kI ekAgratA dvArA sampanna svAnubhava ke dvArA kiyA hai jaisA ki usake nimna padya se prakaTa hai:

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218 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 2 atena lina pakSAtmazASita samAditAnta karaNena samyak / samIkSya kaivalya sukhasya hANAM viviktamAramAnamathAbhidhAsye / / grantha kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki kundakundAcArya ke granthoM ko AtmasAt karake isakI racanA kI hai| yahAM namUne ke taura para do padyoM kI tulanA nIce dI jA rahI hai : - tipayAro so appA paramaMtara bAhiro hu vehoNaM / tattha paro bhAijjai ghetobAeNa cayadi bahirappA / / mokSa prA0 bahirantaH parazceti vidhAtmA sarvadehiSu / upeyAttatra paramaM madhyopAyAda bahissyajeta / / samAdhitaMtra NiyabhAvaM Na yi maMcai parabhAvaM va girohaye keI / jANadi passavi savvaM sohaM idi citaeNANI / / 7 niyamasAra yavagrAhya na gRhNAti gRhItaM nApi muJcati / jAnAti sarvathA sarva tatsva saMvedyamasamyaham / / 130 samAdhitaMtra grantha ke par3hane se aisA lagatA hai ki unhoMne isa grantha kI racanA usa samaya kI, jaba unako dRSTi bAhma se haTakara antarmukhI ho gaI thii| tIsarI racanA iSTopadeza hai / yaha 51 padyoM kA choTA sA laghakAya grantha hai, jo mAdhyAtmika rasa se sarAvora hai| isa grantha para paM0 pravara AzAghara jI kI eka saMskRta TIkA hai, jo prakAzita ho cukI hai| yaha bhI adhyAtma kI anupama kRti hai, aura kaMTha karane ke yogya hai| ina granthoM ke nirmANa karate samaya granthakartA ko eka mAtra yahI dRSTi rahI hai ki saMsArI prAtmA apane svarUpa ko kaise pahacAne, tayA dehAdi para padArtho se apanatva kA parityAga kara prAtma-kAryoM meM sAvadhAna rhe| vazabhakti-prabhAcandra ne kriyAkalApa kI TIkA meM -'saMskRtAH sarvAbhaktayaH pUjyapAda svAmI kRtAH prAkRtAsta kandakandAcArya kRttAH' saMskRta kI sabhI bhaktiyoM ko pUjyapAda kI batalAyA hai| inameM siddha bhaktiha padyoM kI bar3I hI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| usameM siddhi, siddhi kA mArga aura siddhi ko prApta hone vAle yAtmA kA rocaka kathana diyA huA hai| isI taraha zruta bhakti, cAritra bhakti, yogi bhakti, prAcArya bhakti aura nirvANa bhakti tathA nandIzvara bhakti kA saMskRta padyoM meM svarUpa diyA humA hai| ina sabhI bhaktiyoM kI racanA praur3ha hai| janendra vyAkaraNa-AcArya pUjyapAda kI yaha maulika kRti hai| yaha pAMca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| isakI sUtra saMkhyA tIna hajAra ke lagabhaga hai| isakA sabase pahalA sUtra siddhirane kAntAt hai| isa meM batalAyA hai ki zabdoM kI siddhi aura zapti anekAnta ke Azraya se hotI hai| kyoMki zabda astitva-nAstitva, nityatva-anityatva, aura vizeSaNa-vizeSa dharma ko liye hue hote haiN| isameM bhUtabali zrIdatta, yazobhadra, prabhAcandra, samantabhadra aura siddhasena nAma ke chaha AcAryoM ke matoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| "rAdabhUtabale: 3, 4, 83 / AcArya zrIdatta mata kA pratipAdana karane vAlA sUtra-"guNe zrIdattasyAstriyAm, 1, 4, 34 / prAcArya yazobhadra ke pratipAdaka sUtra hai-'kRSim / yazobhadrasya / hai, 2,1, 12 1 aura prabhAcandra ke pratipAdaka sUtra hai-'rAtraH kRti prabhAcandrasya, 4,3,180 / prAcArya samantabhadra ke mata ko abhivyakti karane vAlA sutra-'catuSTayaM samantabhadrasya, 5, 4, 140 / siddhasena ke mata kA pratipAdaka sUtra-'vetra: siddhasenasya / 5.2.7 ina allekhoM se spaSTa haiM ki ye saba grantha aura granthakAra prAcArya pUjyapAda se pUrvavartI haiN|' jainendra vyAkaraNa kI apanI kucha vizeSatAe~ haiM jinake kAraNa usakA svatantra sthAna hai| jainendra vyAkaraNa kA asalI satra pATha prAcArya prabhayanandi kRta mahAvRtti meM upalabdha hotA hai| jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa meM isakI vizeSatApoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai|

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(16 nagara tahasIla ke 46 meM zilAlekha meM isa bAta kA 'jainendra' nAmaka nyAsa likhA thA aura dUsarA pANini pAMcavI zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya jainendra aura zabdAvatAra vyAsa- zimogA jile ke ullekha hai ki zrAcArya pUjyapAda ne apane ukta vyAkaraNa para vyAkaraNa para 'zabdAvatAra' nAma kA nyAsa likhA thA / yathAnyAsaM janendra saMjaM sakala budhanutaM pANinIyasya bhUyo / nyAsaM zabdAvatAraM manujatihitaM vaidyazAstraM ca kRtvA // yastasvArthasya TIkAM vyaracadihatAM bhAtyasau pUjyapAdasvAmI bhUpAla vandyaH svaparahitavacaH pUrNadRgbodha vRttaH // ye donoM graMtha zrabhI upalabdha nahIM hue haiM / grantha bhaMDAroM meM inake anveSaNa karane kI jarUrata hai / zAntyaSTaka - kriyA kalApa grantha meM saMgrahIta hai| isa para paM0 prabhAcandra kI saMskRta TIkA bhI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki pUjyapAda kI dRSTi timirAcchanna ho gaI thI, use dUra karane ke liye unhoMne 'zAntyaSTaka' kI racanA kI ho| kyoMki usake eka padya meM dRSTi prasannAM kuru vAkya mAtA hai / sAra saMgraha - prAcArya pUjyapAda ne 'sAra saMgraha' nAma ke grantha kI racanA kI hai| jaisA ki ghavalA TIkA ke nimna vAkya se spaSTa hai "sAra saMgrahe'pyukta pUjyapAda: ananta paryAtmakasya vastuno'nyatama paryAyAdhigame kartavye jAtyahetvapekSo niravadya prayogo naya iti / " sarvArtha siddhi meM pUjyavAda ne jo naya kA lakSaNa diyA hai usase isameM bahuta kucha samAnatA hai / cikitsA zAstra -- kI racanA pUjyapAda ne kI hAM, isake ullekha to milate hai para vaha abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huA / ugradityAcArya ne apane kalyANa kAraka vaidyaka grantha meM usakA ullekha nimna zabdoM meM kiyA hai 'pUjyapAdena bhASitaH, zAlAkyaM pUjyapAda prakaTitamadhikam / ' prAcArya zubhacandra ne apane 'jJAnArNava' meM usakA ullekha kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki jinake vacana prANiyoM ke kAya, vAkya aura mana sambandhI doSoM ko dUra kara dete haiM una devanandI ko namaskAra hai| isameM pUjyapAda ke dUra karane tIna granthoM kA ullekha saMnihita hai :- vAgdoSoM ko dUra karane vAlA jainendra vyAkaraNa, prora citta doSoM ko vAlA grApakA mukhya grantha 'samAdhitaMtra' hai| tathA kAya doSoM ko dUra karane vAlA kisI vaidyaka grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa samaya anupalabdha hai / 'apAkurvanti yadvAca: kAryavAk citta saMbhavam / kalaMka maMginAM so'yaM devanandI namasyate / / ' yaha vaidyaka grantha abhI anupalabdha hai / zimogA nagara tAllukA ke 46 veM zilAlekha meM bhI unheM manuSya samAja kA hitaiSI aura vaidyaka zAstra kA racayitA batalAyA hai / janAbhiSeka- zravaNa velagola ke zaka saM0 2085 ke 40 navambara ke eka padya meM anya granthoM ke ullekha ke sAtha abhiSeka pATha kA ullekha kiyA hai| chanda graMtha - prAcAryaM pUjyapAda ne chanda grantha kI racanA bhI kI thii| chando'nuzAsana ke kartA jayakIti ne ke 'chanda grantha kA ullekha kiyA / " pUjyapAda samaya zrAcArya pUjyapAda ke samaya ke sambandha meM koI vivAda nahIM hai; kyoMki pUjyapAda ke uttaravartI prAcArya jina madragaNi kSamAzramaNa (vi0 saM0 666) ne vizeSAvazyaka meM sarvArthasiddhi ke vAkyoM ko apanAyA hai, jaisA ki usakI tulanA para se spaSTa hai| isase spaSTa hai ki pUjyapAda saM0 666 se pUrva haiN| prakalaMkadeva ne bhI sarvArthasiddhi ko vArtikAdi ke rUpa meM tasvArtha vArtika' meM apanAyA hai / tulanA 1. dekho vandonuzAsana, jayakIrti 2. sarvArtha siddhi a0 1 pR0 15 meM dhAraNA yati jJAna kA lakSaNa nimna rUpa meM diyA hai :

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12. jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 pUjyapAda ke granthoM para samantabhadra kA prabhAva spaSTa hai| aura janendra vyAkaraNa meM pUjyavAda ne 'catuSTayaM samantabhadrasya' sUtra dvArA unakA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| pUjyapAda ne tattvArthavRtti meM siddhasena kI dvAtriMzikA ke nimna padyAMza ko uddhata kiyA hai-"viyojayati cAsubhinaM ca vadhena saMyujyate" sanmati meM sutra aura kucha dvAtriMzatikAmoM ke kartA siddhasena kA samaya cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI hai ataeva pUjyapAda bhI isI samaya ke vidvAna haiN| pUjyapAda gaMgavaMzIya rAjA avinIti (vi0 saM0 523) ke putra vinIti (vi0 saM0538) ke zikSA guru the| avanIta ke putra duvinIta ne zabdAzAra gAyaka yaza kI jana premIjI ne likhA hai-zimogA jile kI nagara tahasIla ke zilAlekha meM devanandI ko pANinIya vyAkaraNa para zabdAvatAra nyAsa kA kartA likhA hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki duvinIta ke guru pUjyapAda ne vaha graMtha racakara apane ziSya ke nAma se pracArita kiyA thaa|' vinIta kA rAjya kAla san 480 I0 se 520 I. ke madhya kA mAnA jAtA hai| isase pUjyapAda 5voM ke uttarArddha aura chaThI ke pUrvArddha ke vidvAn Thaharate haiN| pUjyapAda ke eka vidvAn ziSya vacanandi ne vi0 saM0 526 (466 I0) meM dravir3a saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| isase bhI pUjyapAda kA ukta samaya nizcita hotA hai| vyAkaraNa meM granthakAra prAcIna udAharaNoM ke sAtha sva-samayakAlika ghaTanAyoM kA bhI nirdeza karate haiN| jaise 'pradahadamoghavarSo'rAtIn zAkaTAyana (4/3/208) 'aruNat siddharAjo'vantIm haima (5/2/8) isI taraha jainendra vyAkaraNa kA 'aruNanmehendro mathurAm' (2/2/12) isakA artha hai mahendra dvArA mathurA kA vijy| yaha mahendra guptavaMzI kumAra gupta hai| inakA pUrA nAma mahendra kumAra hai| jainendra ke 'vinApi nimittaM pUrvottara padayo vA tvaM vakta vyam' (4/1/136) athavA padeSu padaka dezAna' niyama ke anusAra usI ko mahendra athavA kumAra kahate haiN| usake 'avestasya kAlAntare'vismaraNakAraNam / ' vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM inhIM zabdoM ko duharAte hue kahA haikAlaMtaraM ca jaM puNaraNusaraNaM dhAraNAsAu || gA0 261 cAkSu indriya ko aprApyakArI batalAte hue sarvArtha siddhi a0 1 sUtra 19 meM kahA hai-'manovad prApyakArIti' vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM use nimna zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA hai / 'loyaNamapattaviSayaM maNoca // " gAthA 206 sarvArtha siddhi a01 sUtra 20 meM yaha zaMkA kI gaI hai ki prathama sabhyakatva kI utpatti ke samaya donoM zAnoM kI utpatti eka sAtha hotI hai ataeva dhutajJAna matijJAna pUrvaka hotA hai / yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| Aha-prathama samyaktvotpatI yugapajjJAna pariNAmAnmati pUrvakatvaM zrutasyanolAyata iti / ' isake prakAza meM vizeSAvazyaka kI nimna gAthA ko dekhiyegANANANiya sama kAlAI jo misuaaii| to na suyaM mai puvaM mahaNANe vA suyannAragaM // gA0 107 1. dekho, sarvArtha siddhi samantabhadra para prabhAva zIrSaka lekha anekAnta varSa-5 pR0 345 2. zrImarakoM karaNaM mahArAjAdhirAjasyAvinIta nAmnaH putreNa zabdAvatArakAreNa devabhAratI nibaddha bahatkathena kirAtArjunIya paMcadaza marga TIkAkAreNa durthinItinAmadheyena3. siri pUjyapAda sIso dAviDa saMghassa kArago duTTho / rAmeNa vajjaramaMdI pAhuivedI mahAsatto / / / paMcasaye chamcIse vikkama rAyassa maraNapattassa / dakkhiraNa mahurAjAdo dAviusaMghA mahAmoho / / -darzanamAra

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121 pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavI zatAbdI ke AcArya sikkoM para mahendra, mahendrasiMha, mahendra varmA, mahendra kumAra Adi nAma upalabdha hote haiN|" tibvatIya grantha candra garbha sUtra meM likhA hai- "bhavana pathikoM zakunoM (kuzanoM) ne milakara tIna lAkha senA se mahendra ke rAjya para AkramaNa kiyaa| gaMgA ke uttara ke pradeza jIta liye| mahendrasena ke yuvA kumAra ne do lAkha senA lekara usa para AkramaNa kiyA aura vijaya prApta kii| loTane para pitA ne usakA abhiSeka kara diyaa| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki pUjyapAda ne isI ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai| usane gayA ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza jItakara mathurA ko apanA kendra banAyA thaa| kumAra gupta kA rAjya kAla vi0 sa0 470 se 512 ( san 413 se 445 I0 hai| grataH yahI samaya pUjyapAda kA honA cAhie / paM0 yudhiSThira jI kA yaha mata Thoka nahIM hai, kyoMki 'aruNat mahendro mathurAm' yaha vAkya pUjyapAda kA nahIM hai kintu mahAvRttikAra bhayanandi kA hai| isaliye yaha tarka pramANita nahIM ho sakatA / AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti aura nAgasti- ina donoM prAcAryoM kI guru paramparA aura gaNa- gacchAdi kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA / ye donoM prAcArya yati vRSabha ke guru the / AcArya vIrasena jinasena ne ghavalA jayadhatralA TIkA meM donoM guruoM kA eka sAtha ullekha kiyA hai| isa kAraNa donoM kA astitva kAla eka samaya honA cAhiye, bhale hI unameM jyeSThatva kaniSThatva ho / ina donoM AcAryoM ke siddhAnta viSayaka upadezoM meM kucha sUkSma mata bheda bhI rahA hai| jo vIrasenAcArya ko unake graMthoM athavA guru paramparA se jJAta thA jinakA ullekha dhavalA - jayadhavalA TIkA meM pAyA jAtA hai aura jise pavAijjamANa grapavAijjamANa yA dakSiNa pratipatti aura uttara pratipatti ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA hai| " jayaghavalA meM unheM 'kSamAzramaNa' aura 'mahAvAcaka' bhI likhA hai, jo unakI mahattA ke dyotaka haiM / zvetAmbarIya paTTAvaliyoM meM grajjamaMgu aura ajja nAga hatthI kA ullekha milatA hai / nandi valI meM ajjamaMga ko namaskAra karate hue likhA hai ghavalA sUtra kI 'paTTA bhagaM karagaM jharagaM pabhAvagaM NANadaMsaNaguNANaM / baMdAmi zrajjamaM suyasAyarapAragaM dhIraM // 28 sUtroM kA kathana karane vAle, unameM kahe gae bAcAra ke saMpAlaka, jJAna cora darzana guNoM ke prabhAvaka, tathAzrutasamudra ke pAragAmI vIra grAcArya maMgu ko namaskAra karatA hU~ / isI prakAra nAgahasti kA smaraNa karate hue likhA hai 1. bhUmikA jainendra mahAvRtti pR0 8 2. paM0 bhagavata kA bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa saM0 2003 pR0 354 3, jo ajjama sIto avedAsI vi lAgahatyissa / - jayaghavalA bhA0 104 4: savvAiriya samma do cirakAlabhavoccisaMpadAyakameNAgacyamANo jo ziSyaparamparA vAjjadeso pAhaNaMto esoti bhaNgade / athavA ajjamakhu bhavatAmuso etthApavAijyamANo sAtha | arasttha kharagANamuvaeso pavAijyaMtaboli - ( jayadhavalA prastAvanA Ti0 pR0 43 ghetavyo / 5. "kammata aNiyogadvArehi bhagnamANe ve ubaemA hoMti jahaggAmukkasrA diudIraNaM pamANa paNA kammadidi parUdavRtti gugaha deva mAgavaNA bhAti / aja maMkhu samAsamaNA puraNa kammaryAda panti bharati / evaM dohi ubarase hi kamma 'mahAvAcayAzumajjamakhu varANAmuvAseNa logaride Au sagANaM gAmA godaparUpaNA kAvyA / ettha duve ubarasA vedaNIrANaM divadi saMtakamma Thavedi / mahAvAcayANaM gAgahatthi savagANa mubaesaMga lAMge pUriMde nAmA-goda vedIyA diudigaMta kamma to muddatamA hodi / -dhavalA TIkA

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122 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga --2 bau bAyagavaMso jasa vaMso pramANAgahatthINaM / sAgaraNa karaNa bhaMgiya kamma payaDI pahANANaM // 30 isameM batAyA hai ki vyAkaraNa, karaNa caturbhagI mAdi ke nirUpaka zAstra tathA karma prakRti meM pradhAna prArya nAgahastI kA yazasvI vAcaka vaMza vRddhi ko prApta ho / nandi sUtra meM Arya maMga ke pazcAt Arya nandila kA smaraNa kiyA hai aura usake pazcAt nAgahasti kaa| nandisUtra cUrNI aura hAribhadrIya vRtti meM bhI yahI krama pAyA jAtA hai| donoM meM Arya maMgu kA ziSya Arya nandila aura Arya nandila kA ziSya nAgahastI batalAyA hai| "mArya maMgu ziSya prArya nandila kSapaNaM zirasA vaMde / -.-.""prArya nandila kSapaNa ziSyANAM praary'naaghstiiinn| isase pArya maMgu ke praziSya pArya nAgahasti the, aisA pramANita hotA hai| nAgahasti ko karma prakRti meM pradhAna batAyA hai aura bAcakavaMza kI vRddhi kI kAmanA kI gaI hai| zvetAmbarIya granthoM meM prArya maMgu kI eka kathA milatI hai| usa meM likhA hai ki ye mathurA meM jAkara bhraSTa ho gaye the| nAgahastiI ko bAcaka vaMza kA prasthApaka bhI batalAyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki ve vAcaka the, isa kAraNa unake ziSya vAcaka khlaaye| ina saba bAtoM para vicAra karane se yaha saMbhAvya lagatA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke Arya maMgu aura mahAbAcaka nAgahastI aura dhavalA jaya dhavalA ke mahAvAcaka Arya maMkSu aura mahAvAcaka nAgahasti eka hoN| pArya maMgu kA samaya tapAgacchapaTTAvalI pR0 47 meM vIranirvANa se 467 varSa maura siri dusamAkalasamaNasaMghayayaM kI pravacari 10.16 meM vIra ni0 620-689 batalAyA hai| kintu donoM kA eka samaya kisI bhI zvetAmbara padrAvalI meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| kintu digambara paramparA meM donoM ko yativRSabha kA guru batalAyA hai| mathurA ke lekha naM0 54 praura 55 ke prArya ghastu hasta tathA hasti hasti to kAla ko dRSTi se paTTAvalI ke 16 veM padradhara nAgahastI jAna par3ate haiM / lekhoM ke jJAta samaya se paTTAvalI meM diye gaye samaya ke sAtha koI virodha nahIM paataa| lekhoM ke kuSANa saMvat 54 aura 55 (vIra ni0 saM0 657 aura 656) paTTAvalI meM diye gae nAgahastI ke samaya vIra ni0 saM0 620-60 ke antargata pA jAte haiN| arthAt nAga hastI 656, 470=189 vi0saM0 meM vidyamAna the| usI samaya ke lagabhaga SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA huI hai / usa samaya karma prakRti prAbhUta maujUda thaa| usI ke lopa ke bhaya se dharasenAcArya ne puSpadanta bhUtabali ko par3hAyA thaa| prataH lekhagata yaha samakAlInatA Azcaryajanaka hai| yaha bAta khAsa taura se ullekhanIya hai ki lekha naM. 54 meM Arya nAgahasti vastu hasti aura maMguhasti kA tathA lekha naM0 55 meM nAgahasti (hasta hasti) aura mAgha hasti kA eka sAtha ullekha hai| mAghahasti saMbhavata: maMgu maMkha yA makSa kA nAmAntara ho, aura zilpI kI asAvadhAnI se aisA utkIrNa ho gayA ho| donoM lekhoM meM donoM kA eka sAtha ullekha honA apanA khAsa mahatva rakhatA hai| para isase yativRSabha ko aura pahale kA vidvAna mAnanA hogaa| taba isa samaya ke sAtha unakI saMgati ThIka baiTha skegii| yativRSabha kA vartamAna samaya 5vIM zatAbdI to tiloyapaNNattI ke kAraNa hai| prAcIna tiloyapaNNattI ke mila jAne para usa para vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| muni sarvanandI (prAkRtaloka vibhAga ke kartA) muni sarvanandI vikrama kI chaThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke vidvAn the / aura prAkRta bhASA ke acche vidvAna the| unakI eka mAtra kRti 'lokavibhAga kA ullekha tiloyapaNNattI meM pAyA jAtA hai| parantu nizcaya pUrvaka yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki jisa loka vibhAga kA ullekha tiloyapaNNattI kAra' ne kiyA hai. vaha inhIM savanandI kI racanA hai| sihasari ne isakA saMskRta meM anuvAda kiyA hai| usakI prazasti ke nimna padya se jJAta hotA hai ki sarvanandI ne use zaka

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pAMcavIM dAtAbdI se AThavI zatAbdI naka ke AcArya 123 saM0380 (vi0 saM0515) meM kAMcI nareza siMhavA ke 22vaM saMvatsara meM, jaba uttarASAr3ha nakSatra meM zanaizcara, dRSabha meM bRhaspati, aura uttarA phAlga ni meM candramA avasthita thA, tathA savala pakSa thaa| pANarASTra ke pATalika grAma meM purAkAla meM satranandi ne loSA vibhAga kI racanA kI thii| siMha bama pallava vaMza ke rAjA the| mora kA~cI unako rAjadhAnI thii| saMskRta loka vibhAgako ve prazasti pacha isa prakAra : vebabe sthio bhisute vayaca jiithe| rAjottareSu sitapAla gupetya candra / grAme ca pATalika nAmani pANarASTra, zAstra' purAlisisAmUni srvnndii| saMghatsare tu dvAvize kAJcIza-siha varmaNaH azotyagrezakAbdAnAM siddhametacchata traye // 4 // tiloyapaNatI meM 'loka vibhAgAiriyA' vAjapa ke sAtha sarvanandI ke abhimata kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| AcArya yativRSabha yaha pAyaM makSa ke ziyya yora nAgahastakSamAyanA ke santabAsI se / ukta donoM pAtrAyoM ko kasAya pAhaDa kI gAthA AcArya paramparA me grAtI prApta IzI sora jinakA unha acchA parijJAna thaa| yannivapama ne ukta donoM guruyoM ke samIpa guNadharAcArya ke kasAya pAhaDasana ko una gAthAnoM kA adhyayana kiyA, aura vaha unake rahasya se paricita ho gayA thaa| ataeba usane una mutra gAthAoM kA samyak artha avadhAraNa karake una para sarvaprathama chaha hajAra cUrNi-sUtroM kI racanA kii| prAcArya vI ramana ne unheM 'vRtti sutra' kA katA batalAyA hai|' aura una se vara bhI cAhA hai| jinako racanA saMkSipta ho aura jinameM sUtra ke samasta proM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA ho, sUtroM ke aise vivaraNa ko vRtti sUtra kahate haiM / cUNi-sUtroM ke adhyayana karane se jahAM AcArya yati bupama ke agAdha pANDitya aura vizAla prAgama jJAna kA kA patA calatA hai| vahAM unakI spaSTavAditA kA bhI bodha hotA hai| cAritra moha kSapaNA adhikAra meM kSapaka kI prarUpaNA karate hue yava madhya kI prarUpaNA karanA Avazyaka thaa| para vaha yava madhya prarUpaNA karane kA unheM dhyAna nahIM rahA, kintu prakaraNa kI samApti para caNikAra likhate haiM-"jaba mamjha kAyavvaM, vistarida lihidu' (.676, pR. 640) / yahAM para yava madhya kI prarUpaNA karanA cAhie thii| kintu pahale kSapaNa-prAyogya prarUpaNA ke avasara meM hama likhanA bhUla gae / yaha prAcArya yati baSabha kI spaSTavAditA aura vItarAga vRtti kA nirdezana hai| 1. jo ajja maMDU sIgo anevApI viraNAgahatyissa | jaya dha0 0 1 2 4 2. pugo tAmro ceva mutta gAhAo Airiya paraMparAe pAgacchamANIo ajjamakhU NAmahatvINaM pttaao| puNo tesi doha pi pAda bhUne asIdilada gAhAgaM guNaharamuka malaviriNaggayANamatthaM samma moUNa jayivasahabhaDAraesa pavaparagavacchaleNa cuNi suta kayaM |'-(jy0 pU01 1058) 3. pAvaM tayomogapyadhIsvasUtrApi tAni yativRSabhaH / yativRSabhanAmadheyo babhUvazAstrArthanipuNamatiH / / tena tato matipatitA tada gAthA vRtti sUtrarUpeNa / racitAni SaT shmgrnthaanyycuunnisuutraarinn|" -indranandi zrutAvatAra-155, 156 4. 'so visi sutta kattA jaivasaho me vara deU / ' -(jaya0 pa0 pu0 1904) 5. sutta peva vivaraNa sakhitta saddarapaNAe saMgahira suttAse satyAe vitti suttvyemaado|| jayapavalA a0 50 52

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124 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga-2 jaya dhavalAkAra prAcArya yativRSabha ke yacanoM ko rAga-dveSa-moha kA prabhAva hone se pramANa mAnate haiN| yati vaSabha ko vItarAgatA aura unake vacanoM ka bhagavAna mahAvIra ko divyadhvani ke sAtha ekarasatA batalAne se yaha spaSTa hai ki bhAcArya paramparA meM yativRSabha ke vyaktitva ke prati kitanA samAdara aura mahAna pratiSThA kA bodha hotA hai| prAcArya yati vaSabha vizeSAvazyaka ke kasa jinabhAgabhikSabhAyama aura pUjyapAda se pUrvavartI hai| kyoM ki unhoMne yativaSabha ke mAdesakasAya viSayaka mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| caNi sutrakAra ne likhA hai ki-'Adesa kasAeNa jahA citta kamme lihido koho rUsido tivalida NiDAlo bhiDi kaauunn| yaha kasAya pAhuDa ke pejjadosa vihattI nAmaka prathama adhikAra kA 56vAM sUtra hai| isameM batAyA hai ki krodha ke kAraNa jisakI bhaTi car3hI huI hai aura lalATa para tIna balI par3I huI haiM, aise krodhI manuSya kA citra meM likhita AkAra mAdezakaSAya hai| kintu vizeSAvazyaka bhASyakAra kahate haiM ki antaraMga meM kaSAya kA udaya na hone para bhI nATaka prAdi meM kevala abhinaya ke liye jo kRtrima kroSa prakaTa karate hue krodhI puruSa kA svAMga dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha prAdeza kaSAya hai| isa taraha se prAdeza kaSAya kA svarUpa batalAte hue bhASyakAra kasAya pAhaDaNi meM nirdiSTa svarUpa kA 'keI' zabda dvArA ullekha karate haiM: pAesamo kasAmro kaiyava kaya bhiDi bhNguraakaaro| keI cisA gahano ThavaNA NatyaMtaro so'yaM // 2681 isameM batAyA hai ki-kitane hI prAcArya krodhI ke citrAdi gata AkAra ko prAdezakaSAya kahate haiM, parantu yaha sthApanA kaSAya se bhinna nahIM hai, isaliye nATakAdi nakalI krodhI ke svAMga ko hI mAdezakaSAya mAnanA caahiye| prAcArya yativRSabha kA pUjyapAva (devanandI) se pUrvavartitva' hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki pujyapAda ne sarvArthasiddhi meM eka mata vizeSa kA ullekha kiyA hai :'athavA eSAM mate sAsArana ekendriyeSu nolpadyate tanmatApekSayA dvAvazabhAgA na dttaa|' (sarvA0si0 110 37, pAva TippaNa) jina prAcAryoM ke mata se sAsAdana guNa sthAnavartI jIva ekendriyoM meM utpanna nahIM hotA hai, unake mata kI apekSA vAraha veda caudaha bhAga sparzana kSetra nahIM kahA gayA hai| sAsAdana guNa sthAnavI jIva yadi maraNa karatA hai to vaha ekendriyoM meM utpanna nahIM hotA, kintu niyama se deva hotA hai jaisA ki yativRSabha ke nimna NisUtra se spaSTa hai: prAsANaM pUNa gavo javi maradi, Na sakko jirayagadi tirikkhagadi maNusagadi vA gNv| NiyamA deva gadi gacchavi / (kasA0 adhi014 sUtra 144 pR0 727) prAcArya yativRSabha ke isa mata kA ullekha nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne apane labdhisAra-kSapaNAsAra kI nimna gAthA meM kiyA hai : javi maravi sAsaNo so Niraya-tirikkha NaraM Na gacchedi / NiyamA devaM * gacchadi aivasaha muNidavayaNaM / / / isa kathana se spaSTa hai ki yativRSabha pUjyapAda ke pUrvavartI haiN| pUjyapAda ke ziSya vajranandine vi0 saM0 526 meM draviDa saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| ataH yativRSabha kA samaya 526 se pUrvavartI hai| arthAt ve 5vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna hai| 1. edamhAdo bijalagirimasthayasthaM baDnamANadivAparAdo viriNAmaya godamalohAjajambumAbhiyAniAiriyaparaMparAe yAgaMga guNaharAiriya pAviya gAhAsarUvega pariNamiya ajjama gAmahatthIhito ja.vasaha muha nimiya cuNimuttAbAreNa pariNadadivANikiraNAdo bvde| --jaya dhava0 bhA0 1 prastAzi0 1046

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya 125 yativRSabhaM kI dUsaro racanA paMtaloyapaNNatto' hai| isake anta meM do gAthAeM nimna prakAra pAI jAtI haiM / jinavara vRSabha ko, guNoM meM zreSTha gaNadhara vRSabha ko, tathA pariSahoM ko sahana karane vAle aura dharmasUtroM ke pAThakoM meM zreSTha aise yativRSabha ko namaskAra kro| bhUNisvarUpa aura SaTakaraNasva rUpa kA jitanA pramANa hai trilokaprajJapti kA utanA hI, ATha hajAra zloka pramANa hai / paNamaha jiNavara basahaM gaNahara basahaM saheSa guNahara vasa / varuNa parisavasahaM avivasahaM dhamyamutta pADhara vasaha // cuSNi sarUvasthaM karaNa saruva pamANa hoi ki jasaM / ghaTTasahassa pANaM tiloyapaNNa tiNAmAe // 81 isase spaSTa hai ki tiloyapaSNatti ke kartA aura cUrNi sUtroM ke kartA prastuta yativRSabha hI haiN| jinakA ullekha indranandi ne kiyA hai / tilopaNatti eka mahatvapUrNa grantha hai, usameM mahAvIra ke bAda ke itihAsa kI bahuta so sAmagrI do huI hai jo kAla gaNanA (zruta paramparA - rAjavaMza gaNanA) dI hai vaha prAmANika haiN| use yahAM saMkSepa meM diyA jAtA hai, pazcAdvartI granthakAroM ne usakA anusaraNa kiyA hai / jisa dina bhagavAna mahAbora kA nirmANa (mokSa) huA, uso dina gautama gaNadhara ko kevalajJAna huA, zrIra unake siddha hone para sudharmasvAmI kevalI hue / unake mukta hone para jaMbUsvAmI kevalo hue / jaMbUsvAmI ke mokSa jAne ke bAda koI anubaddha kevalI nahIM huA / inakA dharmapravartana kAla 62 varSa hai / kevalajJAniyoM meM aMtima zrIdhara hue, jo kuNDalagiri se mukta hue| zrIra cAraNa RSiyoM meM antima supAryacandra hue| prajJAzramaNoM meM antima baharajasa yA vajrayaza, aura avadhijJAniyoM meM antima zrI nAmaka RSi aura mukuTadhara rAjAnoM meM grantima candragupta ne jina dIkSA lii| isake bAda koI mukuTadhara rAjA ne dIkSA grahaNa nahIM kii| nandi (viSNu nadi) nandimitra, aparAjita, govarddhana aura bhadrabAhu ye pAMca caudaha pUrvI aura bAraha aMgoM ke dhAraNa karane vAle hue| inakA samaya sau varSa hai / inake bAda zraura koI zruta kevalo nahIM huA / vizAkha, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtisena, vijaya, buddhilla, gaMgadeva aura sudhamaM ( dharmasena) ye gyAraha zraMga aura daza pUrva ke dhArI hue| paramparA se prApta ina sabakA kAla 183 varSa hai / nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena, aura kaMsa ye pAMca AcAryaM gyAraha aMga ke dhArI hue, inakA kAla 220 varSa hotA hai / inake bAda bharata kSetra meM koI mAMgoM kA dhAraka nahIM huA / subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAhu aura lohAryaM ye AcArAMga ke dhAraka hue| inake atirikta zeSa gyAraha praga caudaha pUrva ke eka deza dhAraka the| inake pazcAt bharata kSetra meM koI grAcArAMgadhArI nahIM huA / rAjyakAla gaNanA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| yadyapi vartamAna tiloyapaNNattI meM kucha bhraMza prakSipta hai / jisake liye usakI prAcIna pratiyoM kA anveSaNa Avazyaka hai| phira bhI upalabdha saMskaraNa ko dRSTi se usakA racanA kAla 5vIM zatAbdI kA mAnane meM koI hAni nahIM haiN| viSaya varNana kI dRSTi se grantha atyanta upayogI hai / yativRSabha ke sAmane kitanA ho prAcIna sAhitya rahA hai, jo aba anupalabdha hai / prakaTa siddhanandI yaha mUla saMgha kanakopala saMbhUta vRkSa mUlaguNAnvaya ke vidvAn the| jaisA ki zilAlekha ke nimna padya se : kanakopalasambhUta vRkSamUlaguNAnvaye / bhUtassa samagra rAjAnsaH siddhinandi munIzvaraH /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 inake prathama ziSya kA nAma cikArya thaa| jinake nAgadeva' aura jinanandi prAdi pAMca sau 500 ziSya the| plakezI (prathama) cAlukya ke sAmanta sAmiyAra the, jo kuhADI jile kA zAmakathA, usane alaktaka nagara meM, jo usa jile ke 700 sAta sau gAMvoM ke samUhoM meM eka pradhAna nagara thA, eka jina mandira banavAyA, aura rAjA ko AjJA lekara vibhava saMvatsara meM javaki zaka varSa 411 (vi0 saM0 546) vyatIta ho cukA thA vaizAkha mahIne kI pUrNimA ke dina candra grahaNa ke avasara para kucha jamIna aura gAMva pradAna kiye| siddhinandi kA ullekha zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke sUtra pATha meM milatA hai| isase yaha yApanIya sampradAya ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| pulakezA prathama ke zaka saM0411 ke dAnapAna meM siddhinandi kA umesa hai|' ataeva inakA samaya zaka saM0 411 san 4.8 tathA vikrama saM0 546 haiN| citakAcArya yaha mUla saMdha kanakopalAmnAya ke vidvAna bhAcArya siddhanandi munIzvara ke prathama ziSya the| yaha ukta AmnAya meM bahata prasiddha the| aura nAgadeva' citakAcArya dvArA dIkSita the / arthAt citakAcArya unake dIkSA guru the| nAgadeva ke guru jinanandi the| jaisA ki altama zilAlekha ke nimna padyoM se jAnA jAtA hai : tasyAsIt prathama ziSyo vevatAvinutakramaH / ziSyaH paJcazata yuktazcitakAcAryadIkSitaH // nAgadeva guroziSyaH prbhuutgunnyaaridhiH| samastazAstra sambodhI jinanandi prkotitH|| (jaina lekha saM0bhA021077) siddhinandi munirAja kA samaya IsA kI 5vIM sadI 48 I0 hai| ataH citakAcArya kA samaya bhI IsA kI pAMcavIM pIra vikrama ko chaThI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha honA caahie| vajanandi baccanadhi devanandi (pUjyapAda) ke ziSya the| bar3e vidvAna the| inhoMne darzanasAra ke anusAra saM0 124meM draviDa saMgha kI sthApanA kI thii| devasena ne darzanasAra meM unheM nAmAsa batalAyA hai aura likhA hai ki-"usane kachAra, kheta, vasati (jaina mandira) paura vANijya se jIvikA nirvAha karate hue aura zItala jala se snAna karate hae pracura pApa kA saMgraha kiyaa|"2 / malliASeNa prazassi meM vacanandi ke 'navastotra' nAmaka grantha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jisameM sAre pravacana ko antarbhukta kiyA gayA hai aura jisakI racanA zaMlI bahuta sundara hai : ------- 1.dekho, iM0 10 ji07 pRSTha0 205-17 tathA jaina lekha saMgraha bhAga 2 altema kA lakhanaM0106 pR065 2. siripujapAda sIso dAviDasaMghassa phArago vuho| NAmeNa bajjaNadI pAhuvedI mhaastto|| paMcasaye huvvIsa zikAmarAya sma maraNa pattassa / dakSiNa maharA-jAdo dAvida saMgho mahAmoho // zanasAra arthAt vikrama rAjA ke 526 varSa bItane para drAvidha saMghabhI sthApanA kii|

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pAMcavIM zatAvarI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya navastotraM tatra prasarati kavIndrAH kathapi pramANaM vajrAdo racayata parannidini munI aarata pena vyaraci sakalahaMsapravacana prapaMcAntarbhAva pracaNadara sandarbha subhagam // 11 // punnATa saMdhI jinagena ne harivaMza purANa meM vajrasUri kI stuti karate hue likhA hai-vajrasUre vicAraNyaH sahetyAnaMndhamokSayoH / pramANaM dharmazAstrANaM pravaktRNAmivoktayaH // 36 // 127 arthAt vajrasUri ko sahetuka bandha-mokSa kI vicAraNA meM dharmazAstroM ke pravaktAoMoM kI - gaNadharadevoM kI uktiyoM ke samAna pramANabhUta hai| isase spaSTa hai ki unake kisI aise anya kI ora saMketa hai jisane datva, mokSa, unake kAraNa rAga-dveSa tathA samyagdarzana jJAna cAritrAdi kI carcA hai| mahAkavi dhavala ne bhI apane harivaMza purANa meM likhA hai ki vajjasUri supasiddha muNivasa, jeNa pamANagaMtha ki caMna / vajrasUri nAma ke suprasiddha munivara hue jinhoMne sundara pramANa grantha banAyA / donoM vidvAna yadi eka haiM to navastotra ke atirikta unakA koI pramANa grantha bhI hogaa| dhara devoM ke samAna prAmANika mAnate haiN| aura devasena ne unheM jainAbhAsa batalAyA hai / " nandI aura vari jinasena to unheM gaNa nAgasena guru naragasena guru- RSabhasena ke ziSya the| jinhoMne sanyAsa vidhi se zravaNabelagola ke candragiri parvata para deha tyAga kiyA thaa| jisakA zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM0 24 (34) meM ullekha hai| aura usameM mahatva ke sAta vizeSaNoM ke sAtha unakI stuti ko liye hue nimna zloka diyA huA hai : mAgasenamanadhaM guNAdhikaM nAga nAmaka jitAri maMDalaM / rAjyapUjyamamala zriyAspadaM kAmadaM hatamadaM namayAmyahaM / isa zilAlekha kA samaya zaka saM0 622 (vi0 saM0 757) san 700 ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA gayA hai, parantu usakA koI AdhAra nahIM diyA / svAmI kumAra svAmI kumAra ne apanA koI paricaya prastuta nahIM kiyA / kintu kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI mantima 489 naM0 kI gAthA meM vasupUjyasuta-vAsupUjya, malli aura anta ke tIna nemi, pArzva aura varddhamAna aise pAMca kumAra zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA kI gaI hai| jinhoMne kumArAvasthA meM hI jina dIkSA lekara tapazcaraNa kiyA hai aura jo tIna loka ke pradhAna svAmI haiN| isase yaha bAta nizcita hotI hai ki prastuta granthAkAra kumAra zramaNa the, bAla brahmacArI the| aura unhoMne bAlyAvasthA meM hI jina dIkSA lekara tapazcaraNa kiyA hai| isI se unhoMne apane ko vizeSa rUpa meM iSTa pAMca kumAra tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI hai / svAmi-zabda kA vyavahAra dakSiNa deza meM avika pracalita hai aura vaha vyakti vizeSoM ke sAtha unakI pratiSThA kA dyotaka hotA hai| kumArasena kumAra nandI zraura kumAra svAmI jaise nAmadhArI prAcArya dakSiNa deza meM 'hue 1. devI darzanasAra gAyA 27

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128 jaina dharma kA pracIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 haiN| dakSiNa deza meM prAcIna samaya se kSetrapAla kI pUjA kA pracAra rahA hai| kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI gAyA naM0 25 meM 'kSetrapAla' kA spaSTa nAmollekha hai aura usake viSaya meM phailI huI rakSA sambandho mithyA dhAraNA kA pratiSedha kiyA hai| isase lagatA hai ki granthakAra kumAra svAmI dakSiNa deza ke vidvAna the / DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye kA yaha anumAna sahI pratIta hotA hai / prastuta grantha meM 486 gAthAoM meM dvAdaza bhAvanAoM kA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhAvanAoM kA krama gRddhapicchAcArya ke tatvArtha sUtrAnusAra hI hai| jaisA ki donoM ke uddharaNa se spaSTa hai : - madbhuvamasaraNa megazramaNa saMsAra logamasucitaM prAsava saMvara- Nijjara-dhammaM bohi ca citejjo || / - vArasa praNuvekkhA - anityAzaraNa saMsArakatvA'nyatvA'zucyA''srava saMvara- nirjarA loka bodhidurlabha - dharmasvAkhyAtattvAnucintana - tatvArtha sUtra 6-7 manuprekSAH / pradbhuva prasaraNa bhaNiyA saMsArAmeganNa masuittaM / zrAsava saMvaraNAmA Nijjara loyANu pehAtho // bhAvanAoM kA hai| jaba ki tasvArtha sUtra yaha krama - mUlAcAra, bhagavatI grArAdhanA aura vArasa zraNuvekkhA meM eka ho krama pAyA jAtA aura kArtikeyAnu prekSA kA krama unase bhinna eka rUpa hai| dUsare bhAvanAoM ke varNana ke sAtha zrAvakAcAra kA bhI sundara varNana kiyA hai| isase svAmI kumAra umAsvAti ( madrapicchacArya ) ke bAda ke vidvAna hone cAhiye / iya jANiUNa bhAvaha bullaha-dhammANu bhAvaNA / free maNa vayaNa kAya suddhI edA dasa doya bhaNiyA hu || joindu joindu ( yogIndra deva ) - yaha adhyAtmavAdI kavi the| unakI kRtiyoM meM zrAtmAnubhUti kA rasa hai / yaha apabhraMza bhASA ke vidvAna the / joindu kA saMskRta rUpAntara galata rUpa meM yogIndra pracalita haiM / kintu yogasAra meM 'jogicandra' nAma kA ullekha hai : saMsAraha bhaya - bhIyaeNa, jogicanda muNieNa appA saMmohanakA dohA hakka- maNeNa // 108 // DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ke anusAra 'yogendu' pATha hai, jo yogicandra kA samAnArthaka hai| yaha zradhyAtma rasa ke rasajJa the / prAkRta saMskRta ke vidvAna na hote hue bhI unakI racanA sarala apabhraMza meM hai| joindu kI nimna racanAyeM upalabdha haiM / paramAtmaprakAza, yogasAra, nijAtmASTaka aura amRtAzIti / ye sabhI racanAyeM adhyAtmavAda ke gUr3ha rahasya se yukta haiM / paramAtma prakAza - isa grantha meM TIkAkAra brahmadeva ke anusAra 345 padya haiN| do adhikAra haiM, unameM pAMca prAkRta gAthAe~, eka sragdharA, eka mAlino, aura eka catuSpadikA hai| yadyapi paramAtmaprakAza meM dohe kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / kintu yogasAra meM dohA zabda kA ullekha milatA hai / dohe meM donoM paMktiyoM samAna hotI haiM aura pratyeka paMkti meM do caraNa hote haiN| prathama caraNa meM 13 aura dUsare meM 11 mAtrAyeM hotI haiM / virahAMka aura hemacandra ke anusAra dohe meM 14 aura 12 mAtrAeM hotI haiM; kintu paramAtma prakAza ke dohoM meM dIrgha uccAraNa karane para bhI prathama caraNa meM 13 mAtrAeM pAI jAtI haiM aura dUsare meM gyAraha / grantha ke prathama adhikAra meM paMca parameSThiyoM ko namaskAra karane ke bAda AtmA ke tIna bhedoM kA bahi 1. do pAyA bhavya dunihaDa, virahaoNka

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pAMcavI zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 126 rAtmA antarAtmA aura paramAtmA kA svarUpa vatalAyA gayA hai| AtmA ke traividya kI yaha carcA AcArya kundakunda ke granthoM, aura pUjyapAda devanandI ke granthoM se lI gaI hai| aura unakA vistRta svarUpa bhI diyA hai| bahirAtmA avasthA ko chor3a kara antarAtmA hokara paramAtmA hone kI preraNA kI hai| paramAtmA ke sakala vikala bhedoM kA svarUpa 34 dohoM meM diyA gayA hai| jIva ke svazarIra pramANa hone kI carcA, dravya-guNa, paryAya, karma, vinaya samyayavarAva kiyA gayA hai| dUsare adhikAra meM mokSa kA svarUpa mokSa kA phala, mokSa mArga, grabheda ratnatraya, samabhAva puNya-pApa kI samAnatA aura parama samAdhi kA kathana diyA huA hai| paramAtma prakAza ke dohA pratyanta sundara, ramaNIya aura zuddha svarUpa ke nirUpaka haiM, unake par3hane meM mana rama jAtA hai, kyoMki ve sarasa aura bhAvapUrNa haiM / rahasyavAda - muni jogacanda ne prAdhyAtmika gUr3havAda aura naitika upadezoM ko sahaja DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai / unhoMne apane padmoM meM yogiyoM ko aneka bAra sambodhita kiyA hai, aura gRha nivAsa ko pApa nivAsa bhI batalAyA hai| paramAtma prakAza ke dohoM meM gUr3ha vAdiyoM ke sadRza kahIM aspaSTatA kA AbhAsa nahIM hotaa| unhoMne paMcendriyoM ko jItane aura viSayoM se parAGga mukha rahane, athavA unakA tyAga kara zrAtma-sAdhanA karane kA spaSTa saMketa kiyA hai| mAnava deha pAkara jinhoMne jIvana ko viSaya kaSAyoM meM lagAyA, aura kAma kodhAdi vibhAva bhAvoM kA parityAga na kara, vItarAga parama prAnanda rUpa amRta pAkara bhI anazanAdi tapa kA anuSThAna nahIM kiyA, ve zrAtmaghAtI haiM, kyoMki dhyAna kI gati mahA viSama hai / cittarUpI bandara ke caMcala hone se zuddhAtmA meM sthiratA prApta nahIM ho sakatI, aura dhyAna kI sthiratA ke prabhAva meM to karma kalaMka kA vinAza nahIM hotaa| taba zuddhAtmA kI prApti kaise ho sakatI hai ? yogondra deva jaina gUr3havAdI haiM, unakI vizAla dRSTi ne grantha meM vizAlatA lA dI haiM, ataeva unakA kathana sAmpradAyika vyAmoha se gralipta hai| unameM bauddhika sahana-zIlatA kama nahIM hai| vedAnta meM zrAtmA ko sarvagata mAnA hai, aura mImAMsaka muktAvasthA meM jJAna nahIM mAnate / bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki vahAM zUnya ke atirikta maura kucha nahIM hai / yogIndra deva ina matabhedoM se prAkulita nahIM hote| kyoMki unhoMne adhyAtma ke prakAza meM nayoM kI sahAyatA se zAMkika jAla kA bhedana kiyA hai aura paramAtmasvarUpa kI nizcita rUpa-rekhA svIkRta kI hai, vaha maulika hai| ve paramAtmA ko jina, brahma, zAnta, ziva aura buddha prAdi saMjJAyeM dete haiM / unhoMne paramAtmasvarUpa ke prakAzita karane kA yatheSTa udyama kiyA hai| aura anta meM mokSa aura mokSa kA phala batalAyA hai| vastu ke svarUpa varNana meM unakI dRSTi mila rahI hai| unake do cAra dohoM kA bhI prAsvAda kIjiye, ve sundara bhAvapUrNa aura sarasa haiN| jo samabhAva-pariTThiyahaM jo ihaM koI puredra paramAnaMda jaNaMtu phuDa so paramappu haveI // 1-35 jo yogI samabhAva meM - jIvana-maraNa - lAbha - pralAbha sukha-dukha, zatra aura mitrAdi meM samarUpa pariNata hai, aura parama Ananda ko prakaTa karatA hai vahI paramAtmA hai / bhavataNu-bhaya- virasa - maNu jo appA jhAeha / tAsu gurukkI bellar3I saMsAriNI tuTTaI // 1-32 jo jIva saMsAra, zarIra, bhogoM se virakta mana huA zuddhAtmA kA cintavana karatA hai usakI saMsAra rUpI moTI bela nAza ko prApta ho jAtI hai / kamma- vi vi joiyA deha vasaMtu vi joji / hoi Na saya kayA vi kuSThu muNi paramappaDa sau ji // 1-36 // he yogI ! yadyapi AtmA karmoM se sambaddha hai, aura deha meM rahatA bhI hai parantu phira bhI vaha kabhI deha rUpa nahIM hotA, usI ko tU paramAtmA jAna

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130 vivekI hai ! parako jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 beha - vibhiSNau NANamau jo paramappu zieDa 1 parama samAdhi--pariyaDa paMDiu so ji havei // 1-14 // patA hai, vahI samAdhi meM sthita huA paMDita hai-antarAtmA jit iMdiya- suha-duhA~ jityu Na manavAyAru / so pappA muNi jIva tuhaM paNa pari zravahAru // 1- 28 // jisa 'zuddha Atma-svabhAva meM indriya janita sukha-dukha nahIM haiM, aura jisameM saMkalpa-vikalpa rUpa mana kA vyApAra nahIM hai, he jIva ! use tU grAtmA mAna, aura granya vibhAvoM kA parityAga kara / isa taraha paramAtma prakAza ke sabhI dohA zrAtma svarUpa ke sambodhaka tathA paramAtmA svarUpa ke nirdezaka haiM / inake manana aura cintana se mAtmA mAnanda ko prApta hotA hai / yogasAra - meM 108 dohA haiM jinameM adhyAtma dRSTi se AtmasvarUpa kA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dohA sarasa aura sarala haiN| aura vastu svarUpa ke nirdezaka hai / yathA prAu galaGka NaSi maNa, galai Navi zrAsAhu galecha / mohU kuraNaviprahiu ima saMsAra bhameI ||4 zrAyugala jAtI hai, para mana nahIM galatA aura na mAzA hI galatI, moha sphurita hotA hai, para zrAtmahita kA sphuraNa nahIM hotA--isa taraha jIva saMsAra meM bhramaNa kiyA karatA hai / dhaM pazyi samalu jagi gavi zradhyA hu suNaMti / tahi kAraNa e jIva phuDa gahU nivvANa lahaMti rASTra saMsAra ke sabhI jIva dhaMdhe meM phaMse hue haiM, isa kAraNa ve apanI AtmA ko nahIM pahicAnate / ataeva ve nirvANa ko nahIM pA sakate / isa taraha yogasAra grantha bhI Atma sambodhaka hai| isakA adhyayana karane se AtmA apane svarUpa kI ora sanmukha ho jAtA hai / amRtAzIti - yaha eka upadeza prada racanA hai| isameM vibhinna chandoM ke 82 padya haiN| unameM jaina dharma ke aneka viSayoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| yathApi padmaprabhamaladhAri deva ne niyamasAra kI TIkA meM yogIndradeva ke nAma se jo padya uddhRta kiyA hai, vaha bhramRtAzIti meM nahIM miltaa| zrataeva paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI kA anumAna hai ki vaha padya unake adhyAtmasandoha grantha kA hogA / nijAtmASTaka - yaha bhATha padyAtmaka eka stotra hai| isakI bhASA prAkRta hai jinameM siddha parameSThI kA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai / para kisI bhI patha meM racayitA kA nAma nahIM hai / aiso sthiti meM ise yogIndra deva kI racanA kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa sambandha meM anya pramANoM kI prAvazyakatA hai| isakA kahIM anyatra ullekha bhI mere avalokana meM nahIM AyA / sambhava hai vaha inhIM kI racanA ho, athavA anya kisI kI / yogendra kA samaya yogendu ke paramAtma prakAza para brahmadeva aura bAlacanda kI TIkAyeM upalabdha | bAlacandra kI TIkA para brahmadeva kA prabhAva hai, isa kAraNa bAlacandra brahmadeva ke bAda ke vidvAna haiN| brahmadeva kA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA upAntya hai / jayasena bhI unase bAda ke vidvAna haiM, kyoMki jayasena ne unakI vaha dravya saMgraha kI TIkA kA ullekha kiyA hai| paM0 kailAzacanda jI siddhAntazAstrI rAjA bhoja ke samaya dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA kA vartamAna honA mAnate haiM, jo 12 zatAbdI kA prArambha hai| yogendu ne paramAtma prakAza meM AcArya kundakunda aura pUjyapAda ( IsA kI 5vIM sadI) ke vicAroM ko nibaddha kiyA hai| ataeva unakA samaya IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ho sakatA hai| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne apanI paramAtma prakAza kI prastAvanA meM joindu kA samaya IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI mAnA hai; kyoMki guNe ne caNDa ke

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! se AThavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 131 vyAkaraNa ke vyavasthita rUpa kA samaya IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke bAda IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga rakhA jA sakatA hai aisA likhA hai| caNDa ke prAkRta lakSaNa meM yogendu kA eka dohA ubUta hai-- kAla lahebiNu joiyA jima jima mohu gale tima tima daMsaNu la jo jiya meM appu mRNe // isa kAraNa yogendu kA samaya chaThI zatAbdI mAnanA upayukta hai / sambhava hai ve chaThI ke upAntya samaya aura sAtavIM ke prArambha samaya ke vijJAna hoN| pAtrakesarI pAtrakesarI - eka brAhmaNa vidvAna the, jo hicchatra ke nivAsI the| yaha veda vedAMga Adi meM atyanta nipuNa the| unake pAMca sau vidvAna ziSya the, jo avanipAla rAjA ke rAjya kArya meM sahAyatA karate the| unheM apane kula kA (brAhmaNatva kA) bar3A abhimAna thaa| pAtra kesarI prAtaH saura sAyaMkAla sandhyA vandanAdi nitya karma karate the aura rAjya kArya ko jAte samaya kautUhala vaza vahA~ ke pArzvanAtha di0 mandira meM unakI prazAnta mudrA kA darzana karake jAyA karate the| 1. ahicchatra kisI samaya eka prAcIna aitihAsika nagara thaa| isa para aneka vaMzoM ke rAjAoM ne zAsana kiyA hai| isake prAcIna itivRtta para dRSTi DAlane se isakI mahattA kA sahaja hI bhAna ho jAtA hai| yaha uttara pAMcAla kI rAjadhAnI rahA hai / isakA prAcIna nAma 'saMkhAvatI' thA, aura vaha kuru jAMgala deza kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM prasiddha thaa| jaba bhagavAna pArzvanAtha yahA~ Aye aura kisI ucca zikSA para dhyAnastha the| usa samaya kamaTha kA jIva saMvara, devavimAna meM kahIM jA rahA thaa| usakA vimAna ikAika samajA, usane nIce utara kara dekhA to pArzvanAtha dikhAI pdd'e| unheM dekhate hI usakA pUrva bhava kA ra smRta ho utthaa| pUrva ra smRta hote hI usane kSamAzIla pAranAtha para ghora upasane kiyA itanI adhika varSA kI ki pAnI pAragAya kI prIvA taka pahuMca gayA, kintu phira bhI pArzvanAtha apane dhyAna se vicalita nahIM hue| tabhI dharaNendra kA Asana kampAyamAna huA aura usane avadhijJAna se pA nAthaparaka upasarga hotA jAnakara tatkAla dharaNendra padmAvatI sahita Akara aura unheM Upara uThAkara unake sira para phaha kA chatra tAna diyaa| unasarga dUra hote hI unheM kevalajJAna prApta ho gyaa| pazcAt usa sambaradeva ne bhI unakI zaraNa meM samyakatva prApta kiyaa| aura anya matta so tapasviyoM ne bhI jinadIkSA lekara Atma kANa kiyaa| usI samaya se yaha sthAna ahicchatra nAma se rupAta huA hai| vahA~ rAjA vasupAla ne sahasrakUTa vaMzyAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| aura pAzrzvanAtha kI eka sundara sAtizaya pratimA bhI nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha dimbara jainiyoM kA tIrtha sthAna hai| yahAM kI khudAI meM purAtatva kI sAmagrI bhI upaladha pI hai| --dekho, uttara pAMcAla kI rAjadhAnI ahicchatra anekAnsa varSa 24 kiraNa 6 pugi pavitra paavesrii| ma jIvAjjina pAda(raja me varna kama cuvataH // 2) - sudarzana caritra sadAvartI rAjasevA parA'muSaH / gha mokSArthI vApasI pArkasaro // (ka) pade zrI -nagara tAlukA kA zilAlekha bha ahile jaga nAgare nagare bare / / 18 puNyAdavanipAlAkhyo rAjA rAja kalAnvitaH / prAntaM rAjyaM karotyucya vipraiH paJcazataM taH // 1e viprAstaM veda vedAGga pAragAH kulavitAH / kRtvA sandhyA vandanAM vayaM sandhyA ca nirantaram // 20 (rAmrA kathAkoSa)

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 eka dina usa mandira meM cAritra bhUSaNa nAma ke muni bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke sanmukha 'devAgama stotra' kA pATha kara rahe the / pAtra kesarI sandhyA vandanAdi kArya sampanna kara jaba ve pArzvanAtha mandira meM pAe, taba unhone muni se pUchA ki Apa abhI jisa stavana kA pATha kara rahe the, kyA prApa usakA artha bhI jAnate haiM ? taba muni ne kahA maiM isakA artha nahIM jAnatA / taba pAtra kesarI ne kahA, Apa isa stotra kA eka bAra pATha kreN| munivara ne pATha punaH dhIre-dhIre par3ha kara sunaayaa| pAtra kesarI kI dhAraNA zakti bar3I vilakSaNa thii| unheM eka bAra suna kara hI stotrAdi kaMThastha ho jAyA karate the| ataH unheM devAgama stotra kaMThastha ho gyaa| ve usakA artha vicArane lage / usase pratIta huA ki bhagavAna ne jIvAdika padArthoM kA jo svarUpa kahA hai, vaha satya hai / para anumAna ke sambandha meM unheM kucha sandeha huaa| ve ghara para soca hI rahe the ki padmAvatI devI kA prAsana kampAyamAna huA / vaha vahAM pAI aura usane pAtra kesarI se kahA ki prApako jaina dharma ke sambandha meM kucha sandeha hai| Apa isakI cintA na kreN| kala pApako saba jJAta ho jaavegaa| vahA~ se padmAvatI devI pArzvanAtha ke mandira meM gaI, aura pArzvanAtha kI mUrti ke phaNa para nimna zloka aMkita kiyaa| "manyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim / prAtaH kAla jaba pAtra kesarI ne pArzvanAtha mandira meM praveza kiyA taba vahA~ unheM phaNa para mAMkita vaha zloka dikhAI diyaa| unhoMne use par3ha kara usa para gaharA vicAra kiyA, usI samaya unakI zaMkA nivRtta ho gii| aura saMsAra ke padArthoM se unakI udAsInatA bar3ha gii| unhoMne vicAra kiyA ki prAtmahita kA sAdhana vItarAga mudrA se hI ho sakatA hai| aura vahI prAtmA kA saccA svarUpa hai / jainadharma meM pAtra kesarI kI prAsthA atyadhika ho gii| aura unhoMne digambara mudrA dhAraNa kara lI / Atma-sAdhanA karate hue unhoMne vibhinna dezoM meM vihAra kiyA aura jainadharma kI prabhAvanA kii| pAtrakesarI dazana zAstra ka pror3ha vidvAna the| unakI do kRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| unameM pahalA grantha 'vilakSaNa kadarthana' hai / jise unhoMne bauddhAcArya diGganAga dvArA prasthApita anumAna-viSayaka hetu ke rUpyAtmaka lakSaNa kA khaNDana karane ke lie banAyA thA, isase hetu ke rUpya kA nirasana ho jAtA hai| hetu pakSa meM ho yA sapakSa meM ho aura vipakSa meM na ho, ye tIna lakSaNa bauddhoM ne mAne the / inake sthAna meM 'anyathAnupapannatva'-ko dUsare kisI prakAra se upapatti na honA-yaha eka hI lakSaNa prAcArya ne sthira kiyA / isakI mukhyakArikA unheM papAvatI devo se prApta huI thI aisI pAkhyAyikA hai| bauddhAcArya zAntarakSita ne tattva saMgraha (1364-76) meM isa kArikA ke sAtha kucha anyakArikAyeM bhI pAtrasvAmI ke nAma se uddhata kI haiN| kintu mUlagraMtha 'trilakSaNakadarthana isa samaya anupalabdha hai / para yaha grantha bauddha vidvAna zAntirakSita aura kamalazIla ke samaya upalabdha thaa| aura pakalaMka devAdi ke samaya bhI rahA thA / tattva saMgrahakAra zAntirakSita ne pRSTha 404 meM khaNDana karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| pAtrakesarI ne ukta 'trilakSaNakadarthana' meM hetu ke rUpya kA yukti purassara khaNDana kiyA thA isa kAraNa yaha graMtha eka mahattvapUrNa kRti thaa| mApakI dUsarI kRti 50 zlokoM ko lie hue eka bahuta choTI-sI racanA hai, jisakA nAma 'jinendra guNa saMstuti' hai, aura jisakA apara narama pAtrakesarI stotra prasiddha hai| jo stuti grantha hote hue bhI eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM veda kA puruSa kRta honA, jIva kA punarjanma, sarvajJa kA astitva, jIba kA kartRtva, kSaNikavAda nirasana, Izvara kA nirasana, mukti kA svarUpa, tathA muni kA sampUrNa aparigraha vrata ina daza pramukha viSayoM kA vivecana dArzanika dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| aura arhanta ke guNoM ko aneka yuktiyoM se puSTa kiyA gayA hai| isa para eka ajJAta kartRka saMskRta TIkA bhI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki prAcArya pAtrakesarI prapane samaya ke bahuta bar3e vidvAna the| zilAlekhoM meM samati yA sanmati deva se pahale pAtrasvAmI kA nAma prAtA hai| unakA sabase purAtana ullekha bauddhAcArya zAntirakSita kA samaya (I0 705-763) hai / aura karNagomI kA samaya 7vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura voM kA pUrvAdha hai| ataH pAtrasvAmI kA samaya bauddhAcArya dignAga (I0 425) ke bAda aura zAnti rakSita ke madhya honA caahie| arthAt

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jana dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa pAtrasvAmI IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura 7vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArSa ke vidvAna honA caahie| anantavIrya manantavIrya (prativaddha)-inakA ullekha akalaMka deva ne tattvArthavAtika pRSTha 154 meM vaikriyika maura AhAraka zarIra meM bheda batalAte hue kiyA hai,-pora batalAyA hai ki-'kriyika zarIra kA kvacita pratidhAta bho dekhA jAtA hai| isake samarthana meM unhoMne anantavIrya yati ke dvArA indra ko zakti kA pratighAta karane kI ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai...(ananta vIrya yatinA cenna-vIryasya pratighAta zruteH sa pratighAta sAmarthya vaikrimikam / (tatvA0 vA. pR0 154) sambhavataH inakA samaya chaThavI-sAtavIM zatAbdI ho; kyoMki prastuta anantavIrya akalaMka deva se to pUrvavartI haiM hii| prakalaMka deva kA samaya paM0 mahendra kumAra jI nyAyAcArya ne siddhi-vinizcaya kI prastAvanA meM I0 720 se 780vi0 saM0 637 siddha kiyA hai| (dekho, ukta prastAvanA) mAnatuMgAcArya mAnatugAcArya-apane samaya ke suyogya vidvAna the| prabhAvaka carita meM inake sambandha meM likhA hai ki yaha kAzI deza ke nivAsI mora panadeva ke purAho inhone digambara muni se dIkSA lI thI, aura inakA nAma cArukIti mahAkIrti rakhA gayA / anantara eka zvetAmbara sampradAya kI anuyAyino zrAvikA ne unake kamaNDalu ke jala meM trasa jIva batalAye, jisase unheM digambara caryA se virakti ho gayo aura jitasiMha nAmaka zvetAmbarAcArya ke nikaTa dIkSita hokara zvetAmbara sAdhu ho ge| aura usI avasthA meM bhaktAmara kI racanA kii| prAcArya prabhAcandra ne kriyAkalApa kI TIkA ke antargata bhaktAmara stotra TIkA kI utthAnikA meM likhA hai mAnatuga nAbhA sitAmbaro mahAkaviH nirganyAcAryavayarapanItamahAvyAdhi pratipanna nirgrantha mArgo bhagavana ki kriyatAmitibvANo bhagavatA paramAtmano guNagaNa stotra vidhIyatAmityAviSTaH bhaktAmaretyAdi / " isameM kahA gayA hai ki-mAnatuga zvetAmbara mahAkavi the| eka digambarAcArya ne unako vyAdhi se mukta kara diyA, isase unhoMne digambara mArga grahaNa kara liyA aura pUchA-bhagavan ! aba kyA karUM? prAcArya ne mAjJA dI ki paramAtmA ke guNoM kA stotra banAyo, phalataH mAdezAnusAra bhaktAmara stotra kA praNayana kiyA gyaa| isa taraha paraspara meM virodhI AkhyAna upalabdha hote haiM / yaha virodha sampradAya vyAmoha kA hI pariNAma hai, vastutaH mAnatuMga donoM hI sampradAyoM dvArA mAnya haiN| inake samaya-sambandha meM bhI do vicAra dhArAeM pracalita haiM-bhojakAlona aura harSakAlona / kintu aitihAsika vidvAna mAnatuMga ko sthiti harSavardhana ke samaya kI mAnate haiM / DA. e. bI. kotha ne mAnatuga ko vANa kavi ke samakAlona anumAna kiyA hai| prasiddha itihAsajJa vidvAna paM0 nAthUrAma premI ne bhA mAnatuMga ko harSakAlIna mAnA hai| isa saba kathana para se bhaktAmara' stotra 7vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai|" 1. prabhAvaka carita, siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda tathA kalakattA san 1940 mAnatuga sUri caritam pR0 112-117 / 2. kriyA kalApa saMpannAlAla sonI di0 jaina sarasvatI bhavana jhAlarApATana, vi0 saM0 1663 bhaktAmara stotra ko utthAnikA / 3, e hisTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara, landana 1641 pR0 214-15 / 4. bhaktAmara stotra, jaina vantha lAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI, san 1916 pR. 12 // 5. dekho, smArikA, bhAratIya jana mAhitya saMsada 1665 I0, mAmatuga zIrSaka DAlanemicandra jyotiSAcArya kA nibandha /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 mAnatuMga sUri kI do racanAeM upalabdha haiM / bhaktAmara stotra aura bhayahara stotra / inameM se prathama racanA saMskRta ke basantatilakA chanda meM racI gaI hai| isa stotra meM usakA Adi pada 'bhaktAmara' hone se isakA yaha nAma rUr3ha ho gayA hai| isI taraha kalyANa mandira aura viSApahAra stotra bhI apane ukta yAdi pada ke kAraNa kalyANa mandira aura viSApahAra nAmoM se khyAta hai / bhaktAmara stotra meM 48 padya haiN| pratyeka padma meM kAvyatva rahane ke kAraNa ye 48 padya kAvya kahalAte haiM / kintu zvetAmbara sampradAya meM 44 padya ho mAne jAte haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki azoka vRkSa, siMhAsana, chatratraya aura nAtiyoM ke donoM to grahaNa kara liyA hai| kintu puSpavRSTi, bhAmaNDala, dundubhi zraura divyadhvani ina cAra pratihArthI ke jJApaka padyoM ko nikAla diyA hai / kintu digambara sampradAya kI kucha pANDulipiyoM meM zvetAmbara sampradAya dvArA niSkAsita aura pratihArya sambodhaka cAra naye padya aura jor3a diye haiM / isa kAraNa padmoM kI kula saMkhyA 52 ho gaI hai| jo ThIka nahIM hai / vAstava meM isa stotra meM 48 hI padya haiM, jo mudrita aura hastalikhita pANDulipiyoM meM milate haiM / digambara sampradAya meM bhaktAmara stotra ke paThana-pAThana kA khUba pracAra hai| isa stavana meM zrAdi brahmA AdinAtha ko stuti ko gaI hai| isIlie isakA nAma AdinAtha stotra pracalita hai / kavi apanI namratA dikhAte huye kahatA hai ki- 'he prabho ! alpajJa aura bahutajJa vidvAnoM dvArA haMsI kA pAtra hone para hI tumhArI bhakti hI mujhe mukhara banAtI hai| vasanta meM kokila svayaM nahIM bolanA cAhatI, pratyuta zrAzramaMjarI hI use balAt kUjane kA nimantraNa detI haiM yathA alpa bhutaM zrutavatat parihAsadhAma, tvaktireva mukharIkurute balAnmAm / rathe feast madhuraM virauti tacAcUtakalikA nikaraka hetuH / / 6 yA mAnagAcArya kahate haiM ki he jagata ke bhUSaNa ! he jovoM ke nAtha ! Apake yathArtha guNoM se zrApakA stavana karate huye bhakta yadi Apake samAna ho jAya to isameM koI zrAzcarya nahIM hai aisA honA hI caahiye| kyoMki svAmI kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha apane sevaka ko samAna banA le| nahIM to usa svAmI se kyA lAbha hai jo apane prAzritoM ko apane vaibhava se apane samAna nahIM banA letA / " afa zrapane prArAdhya deva kI jitendriyatA kA citraNa karate hue kahatA hai ki-pralayakAla kI vAyu se bar3ebar3e parvata calAyamAna ho jAte haiM para sumeru parvata jarA bhI calAyamAna nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra devAMganAoM ke sundara rUpa lAvaNya ko dekhakara RSi-muni deva-dAnava Adi ke citta calAyamAna ho jAte haiM, para ApakA citta raMcamAtra bhI vikAra yukta nahIM hotA / zrataH zrApa indriyavijayI hone se mahAn bora haiN| citra kimatra yadi te tridazAMganAbhinataM manAgapi mano na vikAramArgam / kalpAntakAlamarutA calitA calena kiM mandarAdrizikharaM calitaM kadAcit / / 15 kavi ArAdhya deva kA mahatva sthApita karate hue kahatA hai ki jo grApake isa stotra kA pATha karatA hai usake matta hAthI, siMha, vanAgni, sA~pa, yuddha, samudra, jalodara aura baMdhana yAdi se utpanna huA bhaya naSTa ho jAtA hai --- Apake bhakta ko yagha bandhana janya kaSTa nahIM sahana karanA pdd'taa| bar3I se bar3I ber3iyAM aura vipattiyAM bhI naSTa ho jAtI haiN| mata dvipendramRgarAja davAnalAhi saMgrAma vAridhi mahovara bandhanottham / / tasyAzunAzamupayAti bhayaMbhiyeva vastAvakaM stavamimaM matimAnadhIte // 47 isa stotra kI racanA itanI lokapriya rahI hai ki usake pratyeka padya ke zrAdya yA antima caraNa ko lekara samasyA pUryAtmaka strota race jAte rahe haiN| isa stotra kI mahattA ke sambandha meM aneka kathAeM pracalita haiM / aura aneka 1. nAtyadbhutaM bhuvana bhUSaNa ! bhUtanAtha ! bhUtaM bhuvibhavantamabhiSTuvantaH / tulyA bhavanti bhavatonanu tena kiM vA bhUsvAzritaM yaha nAtmasamaM karoti // 6

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 135 padyAnuvAda hindI meM race gaye haiN| saMskRta meM bhI padyAnuvAda tathA aneka TIkAeM racI gaI haiN| yaha prAcIna mahattvapUrNa stotra haiN| kalyANa mandira stotra aura bhaktAmara stotra ina donoM stotroM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se kalyANa mandira kI apekSA bhaktamara stotra meM kalpanAoM kA navInIkaraNa aura camatkArAtmaka zailI pAI jAtI hai| bhavatA. mara stotra meM batalAyA hai ki-sUrya to dUra rahA, jaba usakI prabhA hI tAlAboM meM kamaloM ko vikasita kara detI hai usI prakAra he prabho! prApakA yaha stavana to dUra hI rahe, para Apake nAma kA kathana hI samasta pApoM ko dara kara detA hai| jaisA ki usake nimna padya se spaSTa hai : prAstA tavastavanamastasamastadoSa, tvatsaMkathApi jagatAM varatAni hanti dUre sahasrakiraNaH kurute, prabhava pAkareSu jalajAni vikAsabhAphija / / kalyANa mandira stotra meM bIjarUpa ukta kalpanA kA vistAra pAyA jAtA hai| kavi kahatA hai ki jaba nidAgha (grISmakAla) meM kamala se yukta tAlAba kI sarasavAyu hI tIvra AtApa se saMtapta pathikoM kI garmI se rakSA karatI haiM, taba jalAzaya kI bAta hI kyA ? isI taraha jaba ApakA nAma hI saMsAra ke tApa ko dUra kara sakatA hai tava pApake stavana kI sAmathrya kA kyA kahanA ? prAstAmacintyamAhimA jinAMstavaste nAmApi pAti bhavato bhavato aganti / tIvrAtapopahatakAnthajanAnnidAdhe prINAti padyasarasaH saraso'nilo'pi // 7 saMbhava hai kavi ne ise sAmane rakhakara kalyANa mandira kI racanA kI ho| yadi yaha kalpanA Thoka hai to kalyANa mandira isake bAda kI racanA hogI / mAnatuga kI dUsarI racanA 'bhayahara' stotra hai| jo prAkRta bhASA ke 21 padyoM meM racA gayA hai paura jisameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| DA0 viNTaranitsa ne isakA samaya IsA kI tosarI zatAbdI mAnA hai| parantu mUni catura vijaya ne inakA samaya vikrama kI sAtavIM sadI batalAyA hai| brahmacArI rAyamalla kRta 'bhaktAmaravRtti' meM likhA hai--ki mAnatU ga ne 46 sAMkaloM ko to tor3akara jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA kI 1 tathA rAjA bhoja ko jaina dharma kA zraddhAlu bnaayaa| dUsarI kathA bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNa ke bhaktAmara carita meM hai| isameM bhoja, bhata hari, zubhracandra, kAlidAsa, dhanaMjaya, vararuci aura mAnatuga ko samakAlIna likhA hai| jo aitihAsika dRSTi se cintanIya hai| mAnatuga ko zvetAmbara AkhyAnoM meM pahale digambara aura bAda meM zvetAmbara batalAyA hai| isI paramparA ke mAdhAra para digambara lekhakoM ne pahale unheM zvetAmbara aura bAda meM digambara likhA hai| carita bhI 14vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA mere dekhane meM nahIM paayaa| aisI sthiti meM isa viSaya para vizeSa anusandhAna kI pAvazyakatA hai| jisase usakA sahI nirNaya kiyA jA ske| kyoMki stotra purAnA aura gambhIra artha kA dyotaka hai, para sAtavIM zatAbdI kA samaya 'bhayahara stotra' ke kAraNa batalAyA gayA jAna par3atA hai| 1 History of Indian Literature Vo1 11 Po. 549 2. jaina stotra sandoha, dvitIya bhAga kI prastAvanA pR0 13 3. ?sakA anuvAda paM. udayalAla kAzalIlAla dvArA prakAzita ho cukA hai| 4. yaha kathA paM nAthUrAma jI premI dvArA bambaI se 1616 meM prakAzita bhaktAmara stotra kI bhUmikA meM likhI hai|

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136 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 jaTAsiMha nandI siMha nandI nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gaye haiN| unameM ve siMhanando sabase adhika prasiddha haiN| jinakA ullekha bAda ke zilAlekhoM meM milatA hai aura jinakA karnATaka kI itihAsa paramparA ke sAtha ghaniSTa sambandha pAyA jAtA hai| jinhoMne IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI meM gaMgavaMza kI nIMva DAlane meM do anAtha rAjakumAroM kI sahAyatA kI thii| eka sihanandi kI samAdhi kA ullekha zravaNa velagola ke zilAlekha meM utkIrNa hai, jo zaka saM0622 I. san 700 ke lagabhaga hae haiN| para ina do siMhanandiyoM aura anya pazcAdvartI siMha nandiyoM se prastuta siMhanandI bhinna vidvAna hI jAna par3ate haiN| kyoMki unake sAtha 'jaTA' vizeSaNa lagA, hone ke kAraNa ve inase bilkula jUde haiN| yaha karnATaka ke mAdivAsI the| para ve karnATaka meM kisa prAnta ke adhivAsI the| yaha kucha jJAta nahIM hyaa| prAcArya jinasena ne unakA smaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki jinakI jaTArUpa prabala yuktipUrNa vRttiyAM-TIkAya kAvyoM ke anUcintana meM aisI zobhAyamAna hotI thIM, mAnoM hameM una kAvyoM kA artha hI batalA rahI hoN| aise be jaTAsiMha nandI prAcArya hama logoM kI rakSA kreN|' AdipurANakAra ne unakA kevala smaraNa hI nahIM kiyA kintu unake barAMgacarita se bhI kucha sAmagrI lI hai| jisa prakAra uttama strI apane hasta-mukha pAda Adi aMgoM ke dvArA apane pApake viSaya meM anusaraNa utpanna karatI rahatI hai usI prakAra varAMgacarita kI arthapUrNa vANI bhI apane samasta chanda, alaMkAra rIti Adi aMgoM se apane prApake viSaya meM kisa manuSya ke gAva anurAga ko utpanna nahIM krtii| kavi kI ekamAtra kRti varAMgacarita upalabdha hai,, kartA ne use caturvarga samanvita sarala zabda aura artha gamphita dharma kathA kahA hai| yaha eka sundara kAvya-grantha hai, grantha meM 31 sarga haiM aura zlokoM kI saMkhyA 1805 hai / (racanA prasAda guNa se yukta hai isa kAvya meM tIrthakara neminAtha tathA kRSNa ke samakAlika 'varAMga' nAmaka puNya puruSa ko kathA kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai| kAvya meM nagara, Rtu, utsava, krIr3A, rati, vipralambha, vivAha, janma, rAjyAbhiSeka yuddha, vijaya Adi kA varNana mahAkAvya ke samAna kiyA hai| kathA kA nAyaka dhIrodatta hai| tattva nirUpaNa aura jaina siddhAnta ke vibhinna viSayoM kA pratipAdana itanA adhika kiyA gayA hai ki usase pAThaka kA mana Uba jAtA hai| kavi ne kAvya ko sarvAMga sundara banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| rasa aura pralaMkAroM kI pUTa ne use atyanta sarasa banA diyA hai| kavi ne terahavaM sarga meM bIbhatsa rasa kA aura caudahaveM sarga meM vIra rasa kA sundara evaM sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA hai| 233 sarga meM jina mandira aura jina bimba nirmANa, pUjA aura pratimA sthApanA, pUjA kA phala aura dAnAdi kA varNana kiyA hai| 25veM, 26veM sarga kA mukhya kathA se koI sambandha nahIM hai / kavi para azvaghoSa kI racanAmoM kA prabhAva-sA dRSTigocara hotA hai| varAMgacarita meM dakSiNa bhArata kI sAmAjika aura rAjanItika paristhiti kA acchA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| aura janetara devI-devatAmoM, vedoM ke yAjJika dharma kI aura purohitoM ke vidhi vidhAna kI khUba khabara lI hai| rAjAmoM para unakA krodha kucha prabhAva aMkita nahIM krtaa| jaina maMdiroM, mUrtiyoM aura jaina mahotsavoM kA bhI acchA citraNa kiyA hai| isa kAvya meM vasantatilakA, puSpita grA, praharSiNI, mAlinI, bhujaMgaprayAta, vaMzastha, anuSTupa, mAla 1. kAvyAnucintane yasya jaTAH prabalavRttayaH / arthAt rasAnuvadantIya jaTAcAryaH sa no'vadAt / / (Adi pu0 1-50) 2. varAMgaNeva sarvAGgavarAna caritArthavAk / kasvanotpAdayeda gALamanurAga sthagocaram // harivaMzapurANa 1-35 3. kAyake pratyeka sarga kI puSpikA-iti dharma kathoddeza caturvarga samanvite, sphuTa zabdArtha saMdarbha vasaMga paritAvite /

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya bhAriNI, aura dra tavilambita Adi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kabi ko upajAti chanda adhika priya rahA hai| isa kAvya ke prArambhika tIna sarga bahuta hI garama haiN| rakhanA sthala aura racanA kAla nijAma sTeTa kA koppala grAma jise kopaNa bhI kahA jAtA hai, jaina saMskRti kA kendra thaa| madhyakAlIna bhArata ke jainoM meM isakI acchI khyAti thii| aura prAja bhI yaha sthAna purAtattvavidoM kA snehabhAjana banA huA hai| isake nikada pallana ko guNDu nAma ko pahAr3I para azoka ke zilAlekha ke samIpa meM do pada cinha aMkita haiN| unake noce purAnI kanaDI bhASA meM do lAina kA eka zilAlekha hai| jisameM likhA hai ki 'cAvayya ne jaTAsiMha nandyAcArya ke padacinhoM ko taiyAra karAyA thaa| kisI mahAna vyakti kI smRti meM usa sthAna para jahAM kisI sAdhu vagairaha ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA ho| pada cinha sthApita karane kA rivAja jainiyoM meM pracalita hai| kuvalaya mAlA ke kartA udyotana sUri (778 I.) ne aura punnATa saMghI jinasena (zaka saM0 205) ne vi0 saM0840 ke jaTila kavi kA aura unake grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai| 178 I0 meM cAmupaDarAya ne bhI ullekha kiyA hai| aura IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke kavi dhakli ne jaTila muni aura varAMgacarita kA ullekha kiyA hai| inake atirikta pampa (641 I.) ne, nayasena (1112 I0) pAca paMDita (1205 I0) janAcArya (1209 I0), guNavarma (1230 I.) puSpadanta purANa ke kartA kamala bhava' (1235 I0) aura mahAvala (1245) I0 prAdi granthakAroM ne apane apane granthoM meM jaTila kavi aura varA~gacarita kA ullekha kiyA hai isase kavi kI mahattA kA sahaja hI patA cala jAtA hai| sAtha hI ina saba ullekhoM se unake samaya para bhI prakAza par3atA hai / DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyAya ne barAMgacarita kI prastAvanA meM jaTAsiMha nandi kA samaya IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA anta nirdhArita kiyA hai, kyoMki zakasaM0705 meM harivaMza purANakAra ne usakA ullekha kiyA hai| zubhanandI-ra vinandI yabhanandI-ravinandI nAmaka donoM muni atyanta tIkSNa buddhi muni aura siddhAMta zAstra ke parijJAnI the| bappadeva guru ne samasta siddhAnta kA vizeSa rUpa me adhyayana kiyA thaa| yaha vyAkhyAna bhImarathi aura kRSNa mekha nadiyoM ke bIca pradeza utkalikA grAma ke samIpa magaNavallI grAma meM huA thaa| bhImarathi kRSNAnado kI zAkhA hai aura inake bIca kA pradeza aba belagAMva va dhAravADa kahalAtA hai| vahIM bappadeva guru kA siddhAnta adhyayana hanA hogaa| isa adhyayana ke pazcAta unhoMne mahAbaMdha ko chor3a kara zeSa pAMca khaMNDoM para vyAkhyAprajJapti nAma ko TIkA likhii| pazcAt unhoMne chaThe khaNDa ko saMkSipta pAkhyA bhI likhii| vIrasenAcArya ne bappadeva kI vyAkhyA prajJapti ko dekhakara 1. jaTAsiMha nandi AcArya radaba cAvayaM gaaddisido| haidarAbAda AtkayolAjikala sIrIja saM0 12 (man 1935) meM sI. Ara kRSNan cAralU likhita kopavalla ke kannar3a zilAlekha / 2. evaM vyApAna kramamAvAn paramaguru prmpryaa| gacchana siddhAnto dvividhorapati nizitabuddhibhyAm / 171 zubha-ravi-nandi munibhvA bhaumathi-kRSNamekhayoH maritoH / madhyamaviSayagamaNIyo kalikAnAma sAmIpyam // 172

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138 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 hI dhavalATIkA kA likhanA prArambha kiyA thaa| jayadhavalA kAra ne eka sthAna para vappadeva kA nAma lekara apane aura unake madhya ke matabheda ko batalAyA hai : Ni suttammi badhyadevA hariya lihiduccAraNAe aMtomuhutta midi bhaNido / mhehi lihiduccAraNAe puNa jahaSNa egasamayo, u0 saMkhejjA samavApti paruvido ( jayadha0 185 ) dhavalA meM vyAkhyA prajJapti ke do ullekha nimna prakAra se upalabdha hote haiM / "logovAda padidvidotta vivAha patti vayaNAdo" TIkAkAra ne isa avataraNa se apane abhimata ko puSTa kiyA hai| dhavalA 143 eka sthAna para dhavalAkAra ne usase apane mata kA virodha dikhalAyA hai edeNa viyAha paNNatti suseNa saha kathaM Na viroho ? Na evamhAdo tassa pudhasudassa prAyariyameeNa bhedamA vaNNassa eyattAbhAvAvo // " ( dhavalA 808) ina ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki bappadeva aura unakI TIkA vyAkhyA prajJapti kA astitva spaSTa hai| TIkA kI bhASA prAkRta thI / bappadeva ne apane samaya kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kheda haiM ki grantha anupalabdha hai| phira bhI anumAna se DA0 hIrAlAla jI ne bappadeva kA samaya vikrama kI chaThavIM zatAbdI batalAyA hai| dhavalATIkA se to vaha pUrvavartI hai hI / saMbhava hai, vaha sAtavIM zatAbdI kI racanA ho / mahAkavi dhanaMjaya mahAkavi dhanaMjaya - vAsudeva zrIra zrIdevI ke putra the| unake guru kA nAma dazaratha thA / ye dazarUpaka ke lekhaka se bhinna haiM / ye gRhastha kavi the| inakI kavitA meM vaiziSTya hai| dvisandhAna kAvya banAne ke kAraNa ye si dhAna kavi kahalAte haiN| isa dvisandhAna kAvya ko rAghava pANDavIya kAvya bhI kahA jAtA hai kyoMki isameM rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI do kathAoM kA kathana nihita hai / bhoja (11vIM zatI IsavI ke madhya ) ke anusAra dvisandhAna ubhayAlaMkAra ke prakAra kA hai - vAkya prakaraNa tathA prabandha / prathama vAkyagata zleSa hai, dvitIya bhanekArthaM pANDavIya kI taraha pUrA kAvya do kathAoM kA kahane vAlA hai| vikhyAta magaNavallI prAme'tha vizeSa rUpeNa / zrutvA tayozca pAveM tamazeSaM bappadevaguruH / 173 apanIya mahAbandhaM SaTkhaNDAccheSa paMca khaMDe tu / vyArUpA prazAMta ca paNThaM khaMDa ca tataH saMkSipya // 134 SaSNAM khaMDAnAmiti niSpannAnAM tathA kaSAyAsyaprAbhRtakasya ca SaSThi sahasrapranyapramANayutAm // 175 dhyAni prAkRtabhASArUpAM samyakpurAtana vyAkhyAm / aSTasahasra meM thAM vyAkhyAM paJcAdhikAM mahAbandhe || 176 2. dekho, SaTkhaMDAgama dhavalA0 pu0 1 prastAvanA pR0 53 2. nItvA yo guruNAdizo dazarathe nopAttavAnnandanaH / zrIvecyA vasudevataH pratijaganyAyasya mArge sthitaH / tasya sthAyi dhanaMjayasya kRtitaH prAduSya ducyaMzo gAmbhIryAdiguNApanodavidhinezambho nidhallaGaghate / / 146 / / kAraNa hotA hai| yaha tIna sthiti hai, tIsarA rAghava

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya dhanaMjaya kavikA dvisandhAna kAvya saMskRta sAhitya meM upalabdha dvisandhAna kAvyoM meM prAcIna aura mahatvapUrNa kAvya hai / isake pratyeka padya do grarthoM ko prastuta karate haiN| pahalA zrathaM rAmAyaNa se sambaddha hai aura dUsarA artha mahAbhArata se| isI kAraNa ise rAghava pANDavIya bhI kahA jAtA hai| grantha meM 18 sarga aura prATha sau zloka haiN| yaha indravajrA, upajAti, drutavilambita, puSpitAgrA, mAlinI, mandAkrAntA, rathoddhatA, vasantatilakA aura zikhariNI zrAdi vividha chandoM meM racA gayA hai| granthagata kathAnaka saMkSipta aura surucipUrNa hai| isa grantha para do TIkAe~ upalabdha haiM jinameM eka kA nAma ' padakaumudI' hai jisake kartA nemicandra hai, jo padmanandi ke praziSya aura vinayacandra ke ziSya the / dUsarI TIkA rAghava pANDavIya prakAzikA hai, jisake kartA paravAdi ghara rAmabhaTTa ke putra kavi devara haiN| donoM TIkAe~ dhArA jaina siddhAnta bhavana meM maujUda haiN| rAjazekhara ne dhanaMjaya kavi kI bar3I prazaMsA kI haiN| rAjazekhara pratihAra rAjA kAvya mImAMsA ke kartA mahendrapAla ke upAdhyAya the | vAdirAja ne 1025 I0 meM likhe gaye apane pArzvanAtha caritra meM dhanaMjaya tathA eka se adhika sandhAna meM unakI pravINatA kA ullekha kiyA hai :-- neka bhedasaMdhAnA khananto hRdaye muhuH / bANA dhanaMjayonmuktAH karNasyeva priyAH katham // kavi kI dUsarI kRti 1 'dhanaMjaya' nAmamAlA nAma kA choTA-sA do so padyoM kA eka bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa zabda koSa hai ? isake sAtha meM 46 pathoM kI eka anekArthaM nAmamAlA bhI jur3I huI hai| koSa meM 1700 zabdoM ke artha diye gaye haiN| isa choTe se koSa meM saMskRta bhASA kI Avazyaka padAvalI kA cayana kiyA gayA hai| koSa kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA zabda se zabdAnsara banAne kI prakriyA hai jo anyatra dekhane meM nahIM bhAI zabda jor3a dene se parvata ke nAma ho jAte haiN| aura rAjA ke nAmoM ke sAge 'rUha' zabda jAte haiN| isa para zramarakIrti zravidya kA nAma mAlA bhASya hai, jo bhAratIya jJAnapITha se inakI tIsarI kRti 'viSApahAra stotra' hai jo 36 indravajA vRttoM kA stuti grantha hai| isameM Adi brahmA RSabhadeva kA stavana kiyA gayA hai / yaha stavana apanI prauDhatA, gambhIratA aura anUThI uktiyoM ke liye prasiddha hai / isa para aneka saMskRta TIkAeM milatI haiM, jinameM solahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna pArzvanAtha ke putra nAgacandra kI hai, dUsarI TIkA candrakIrti kI hai| jaise pRthvI ke Age 'ghara' jor3ane se vRkSa ke nAma ho prakAzita ho cukA hai / zragAdhatAndheH sa yataH payodhimerozca tuGgAH prakRtiH sa yatra / dyAvA pathivyoH pRthutA tathaiva vyApatvadIyA bhuvanAntarANi // 130 isa padya meM kavi ne RSabha deva kI gambhIratA samudra ke samAna, unnata prakRti meru ke samAna aura vizAlatA zrAkAza-pRthvI ke samAna batalAkara unakI lokosara mahimA kA citraNa kiyA hai / 16 veM padya meM kavi ne bhagavAna kI tuGga prakRti kA bar3A sundara citraNa kiyA hai| dhaura ArAdhya deva ke zradArya guNakA vizleSaNa karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki he prabho ! Apa bhaktoM ko sabhI padArtha pradAna karate haiN| udAra cittavAle daridra manuSya se bhI jo phala prApta hotA hai, vaha sampatti zAlI kRpaNa dhanADhyoM se nahIM / kyoMki pAnI se zUnya 1. visandhAne nipuNatA satAM ca dhanaMjayaH / yayA jAtaM phalaM tasya sapta cakre dhanaMjayaH || -- rAjazekhara 2. kaverdhanaM jayasyeyaM satkavInAM ziromaNeH / pramANa nAmamAleti zlokAnAmahi zatadvayam // 202 //

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 rahane para bhI parvata se nadiyA~ pravAhita hotI haiM / parantu jala se labAlaba bhare hue samudra se eka bho nado nahIM nikalato tuMgAt phalaM yattava kiMcanAcca, prApya samadhAnna dhneshvraavH| nirambhaso'pyuzcatamAvivAre makA'pi niryAta dhunI payodheH / / 16 // isa taraha stuti kara kavi dInatA se vara kI yAcanA nahIM krtaa| kyoMki bhagavAna upekSaka haiM. rAga dveSa se rahita haiM / vRkSa kA pAzraya karane vAloM ko svayaM chAyA prApta hotI hai| chAyA kI yAcanA karane se kyA lAbha / yadi dene kI mApa kI icchA hI ho to maiM prApase yahI cAhatA hUM ki pApa meM mero bhakti banI rhe| mujhe vizvAsa hai ki mApa itanI kRpA avazya kareMge; kyoMki vidvAna puruSa apane AzritoM kI icchAnoM ko pUrNa karate hI haiN| iti stuti deva viSAya banmAvara na yAce zvamapekSako'si / chAyAta saMbhayataH svataH syAtkazchAyayA yAcitayAtmalAbhaH // 38 // prathAsti virasA yadi voparodhastvamyava saktA viza bhaktidrasim / kariSyate deva tathA kRpA me ko vAtmapoSye sumukho ma suriH||3|| samaya nAmamAlA ke anta meM eka padya milatA hai jisameM prakalaMka deva kA pramANa zAstra, pUjyapAda yA devanandi kA lakSaNa zAstra (vyAkaraNa aura dhAMjara kA hisandhAH , ye tIna apazcima ratna haiN| yaha zloka dhanaMjaya dvArA racA nahIM jAna pdd'taa| usase isakI mahattA kA bhAna hotA hai| cUMki rAjazekhara pratIhAra rAjA mahendrapAla deva ke upAdhyAya the| mahendrapAla kA samaya vi0 saM0 160 ke lagabhaga hai| ata: dhanaMjaya 960 se pUrvavartI haiN| bIrasenAcArya ne apanI dhavalA TIkA zaka saM0738 meM samApta kI hai| usakI jilda, 61014 meM iti zabda ko vyAkhyA meM dhanaMjaya kI bhanekA nAmamAlA kA 36vAM padya uddhata kiyA hai : hetA vevamprakArAcI vyavacchede viparyaye / / prAdurbhAva samApteSa iti zamya vidhAH // isase dhanaMjaya kavi kA samaya 800 IsavI nirdhArita kiyA jA sakatA hai| sumati (sanmati) sumativeSa (sanmati) apane samaya ke prasiddha digambarAcArya the| pAThavIM zatAbdI ke bauddha vidvAna zAntara. kSita ne 'tattvasaMgraha' meM 'syAdvAdaparIkSA (kArikA 1262 prAdi) aura vahirartha parIkSA (kArikA 1940 Adi) meM sumati nAmaka digambarAcArya ke mata kI samAlocanA kI hai| inake do granthoM kA ullekha milatA hai| vAdirAja sari ne pArzvanAtha carita ke prArambha meM kaviyoM kA smaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki namaH sanmataye tasmai bhavakapanipAtinAm / ___ sanmati vivRtA yena sukhadhAma pravezinI // 22 / / una sanmati (prAcArya aura bhagavAna mahAvIra) ko namaskAra ho jinhoMne bhavakapa meM par3e hue logoM ke liye sukhadhAma meM pahuMcAne vAlI sanmati ko vivRta kiyA-sanmati kI batti yA TIkA likhii| dUsarA ullekha zravaNa velgola kI malliSeNa prazasti meM 'sUmati deva' nAmaka vidvAna kA ullekha hai jinhoMne 'sumati saptaka' nAma kA grantha banAyA thA "samati deya mama stutayena vassamatisaptakamAptanayAkRtaM / parihRtA pathatasthapathApinA samati koTivivatibhavAtihat / / "

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pAMvIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya T ye sumati maura sanmati eka hI haiN| vAdirAja ne 'sanmati' kI TIkA ke kartA kA nAma 'sumati ke sthAna meM sanmati isa kAraNa diyA hogA kyoMki yaha nAma unheM prAkarSaka lagA hogaa| tattva saMgraha ke TIkAkAra kamI pa.367 meM nimnatiyAM dI : "satra samatiH kumArilAyabhimatAlocanAmAtra pratyakSa vicAraNArthamAha'-sumati deva ne kumArila ke pAlocanA mAtra pratyakSa kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| isase sumati deva kA samaya kumArila ke bAda honA cAhiye / DA. bhaTTAcArya ne sumati kA samaya san 720 ke Asa-pAsa kA nirdhArita kiyA hai / karkarAja suvarNa ke dAna patra (tAmapatra) meM mallabAdI ke ziSya sumati aura sumati ke ziSya aparAjita kA ullekha hai, jo mUlasaMgha ke senAnvaya ke the| zaka saM0743 (vi0 saM0878) meM aparAjita ko navasArI kI eka jaina saMsthA ke liye yaha dAna diyA gayA thA / saMbhava hai yahI sumati sanmati-TIkA ke kartA hoM aisA premI jI ne jaina sAhitya aura ihiAsa ke pRSTha 416 meM likhA hai| para merI rAya meM aparAjita ke gurU sumati deva se zAntarakSita dvArA pAlocita sumati deva bhinna hI haiN| kyoMki zAnta rakSita kA samaya san 705 se 762 taka mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne san 743 meM tivvata kI yAtrA kI thii| isake pUrva hI ve apanA tattva saMgraha banA cuke hoNge| yadi yaha vicAra sahI hai to donoM sUmati deva eka nahIM ho sakate / tattva saMgraha meM ullikhita sumati pUrvavartI haiM aura aparAjita ke guru sumati deva kA samaya san 853 ke lagabhaga hotA hai| sumati deva samati deva-yaha mUla saMgha senAnvaya ke vidvAna mallabAdi ke ziSya the| sumati deva ke ziSya aparAjita jinheM zaka saM0743 (vi0 saM0887) meM navasArI ji. sUrata ke jaina mandira ke liye eka jamIna dAna kI gaI thii| ataeva sumati deva kA samaya aparAjita ke samaya se 25 varSa kama, vi0 saM0 853 honA cAhiye / arthAta prastuta sumati deva havIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| . kumArasena inakA smaraNa punnATasaMghIya jinasena ne (zaka saM0 705 I0 753) harivaMzapurANa meM nimna zabdoM meM * kiyA hai| mAkupAra yazo loke prabhASandrovayomjvalam / guroH kumArasenasya vicaratyajitAramakam // candrodaya ke racayitA prabhAcandra ke pApa gurU the| prApakA nirmala suyaza samudrAnta vicaraNa karatA thA / cAmuNDarAya purANa ke 15ve padya meM bhI inakA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| DA. e. ena upAdhyAya ne likhA hai ki ye mala guNDa nAmaka sthAna para prAtma tyAga ko svIkAra karake kopaNAdri para dhyAnasya ho gaye tathA samAdhi pUrvaka maraNa kiyaa| prAcArya vidyAnanda ne apanI aSTa sahastrI kI antima prazasti ke dUsare padya meM aSTasahastrI ko kaSTa mastrI batalAte hue kumAra sena kI uktiyoM se praSTa sahastrI ko pravardhamAna batalAyA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki kumAra 1. kaSTa sahastrI siddhA sASTa sahasrIyamana me puSpAt / azvadabhISTa saharUlIM kumArasanokti varSamAnArthI // 2 //

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 sena vidyAnanda se bhI pUrvavartI haiN| saMbhavataH unakA koI dArzanika graMtha rahA hai jisakI uktiyoM se unhoMne ukta graMtha ko vardhamAna batalAyA hai| malliSeNa prazasti meM akalaMka se pahale aura sumati deva ke bAda kumAra sena kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai udezya samyagvizi dakSiNasyAM kumAraseno manirastamApat / tava citra jagabaiMkabhAnoMstiSThatyasau tasya tathA prakAzaH // 14 // DA. mahendra kumAra jI ne kumAra sena kA samaya I0720-se 800 taka batalAyA hai| cUMki kumArasena kA smaraNa punnATa saMghIya jinasena ne kiyA hai jinakA samaya zaka saM0 705 I0 san 753 hai| isase kumArasena san 783 se pUrvavartI haiN| kavi paramezvara (kavi parameSThI) prAcArya jina sena ne inheM (kavi paramezvara ko) kaviyoM dvArA pUjya tathA kavi paramezvara prakaTa karate hue unheM zabda aura artha ke saMgraha rUpa (bAgarthasaMgraha) purANa kA kartA batalAyA hai| aura jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra ne ukta vAgarthasaMgraha purANa ko gadyakathAmAtra, sabhI chanda aura alakAra kA lakSya, sUkSma artha aura gar3ha pada racanA vAlA batalAyA hai| cAmuNDarAya ne apane purANa meM kavi paramezvara ke aneka padya uddhRta kiye haiM jisase DA. e. ena. upAdhye ema0 e0 DIliT kolhApura ne use gadya-padyamaya campU hone kA anumAna kiyA hai| yaha anumAna prAyaH ThIka jAna par3atA hai| jinasena aura guNabhadra ne usakA prAzraya jarUra liyA hogaa| kavi paramezvara kA mAdi paMpa. abhinava paMpa, nayasena, aggala deva bhaura kamalabhava prAdi aneka vidvAnoM ne pAdara ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai, jisase ve baDe vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| parantu unakI guru paramparA praura gaNanAcchAdi kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hyaa| isa kAraNa unakA nizcita samaya batalAnA zakya nahIM hai, kintu itanA avazya hai ki ve Adi purANakAra jinasena se pUrvavartI haiM / saMbhavata: unakA samaya vi. kI 8vIM zatAbdI jAna par3atA hai| kANabhikSu kAbhikSa-kathAlaMkArAtmaka grantha ke racayitA the| prAcArya jinasena ne inake grantha kA ullekha karate hae likhA hai ki-dharmarUpa sUtra meM piroye hue jinake manohara vacana rUpa nirmala maNi kathA zAstra ke alaMkAra bana gaye / una kANa bhikSu kI jaya ho| "dharmasUtrAnugA havA yasya vADa.maNayo'malAH / kathAlaMkAratAM bhejuH kANabhikSu jayatyasau / / " (Adi purANa 1-5-51) 1.sa pUjyaH kavibhilauke kavInAM paramezvaraH / vAgarthasaMgraha kRtsnaM purANaM yaH samanahot ||aadi pu. 1,60 2. kaviparamezvara nigadita gadyakathAmAtRmaM puroSacaritam / sakalacchandolakRti lakSyaM mUkSmArthagUDha pada racanam // -uttara purANa praza017 3. dekho, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhA.13 kiraNa 2

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAdhdI taka ke AcArya isase spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai ki kANabhikSu ne kisI kathA grantha athavA purANa kI racanA kI thii| kheda hai ki vaha apUrva grantha isa samaya anupalabdha hai| inakI guru paramparA bhI ajJAta hai| inakA samaya jinasenAcArya se pUrvavartI hai, kyoMki unhoMne inakA smaraNa kiyA hai| gaMgarAja ke sahAmAtya cAmaDarAya ne bhI apane purANa meM inakA smaraNa kiyA hai| kANabhikSu kathA anya ke kartA haiN| inakA samaya vi. kI davoM zatAbdI honA cAhiye / caumuha (caturmusa) ye apabhraMza bhASA ke prasiddha kavi the| inakI tIna kRtiyAM thIM, paumacariu, ridraNemicariu aura paMcamI pariu / parantu kheda haiM ki unameM se eka bhI kRti upalabdha nahIM hai / apabhraMza bhASA ke kavi dhavala ne apane harivaMza purANa meM, jo abhI aprakAzita hai, caumuha kI 'hari pANDavAnAM kathA' kA ullekha kiyA hai : haripaMDuvAMNa kahA caumuha-vAse hi bhAsiyaM jmhaa| tahavirayami loyapiyA jeNa Na NAseDa saNaM paraM / / isa padya meM 'umuha vAsehi' (caturmakhabyA) pada zilasTa hai| paumacariu ke prArambha ke cauthe padya meM kahA hai ki svayaMbhu kI jalakrIr3A varNana meM, aura catuMmukha deva ko gograha kathA varNana meM Aja bhI koI kavi nahIM pA sktaa| harivaMza meM go graha kathA kA varNana hai / ' svayaMbhU chanda meM caumuha ke padya udAharaNa svarUpa uddhata hai| unameM se 4, 2, 6, 83, 192 padyoM se jJAta hotA hai; ki unakA paumacariu bhI unake sAmane rahA hogaa| kyoMki usameM rAmakathA ke varNana kA prasaMga hai| isake atirikta harivaMza zrIra paMcamIcariuve donoM kRtiyAM bhI caumuha ko thauN| kintu ve aba upalabdha nahIM haiN| kavi kA samaya vikrama kI pAThavIM zatAbdI hai| yaha svayaMbhUdeva se pahale hae hai / kyoMki svayaMbhU aura tribhuvana svayaMbhU ne unakI racanA kA ullekha kiyA hai| hariSeNa (vi. saM. 2044) apanI dharma parIkSA meM, aura vIra kavi ne (1076) jambUsvAmI carita meM caumuha kA smaraNa kiyA hai| ataH ve svayaMbhU, tribhuvana svayaMbhU Adi se pUrvavartI haiN| unakA samaya vahI pAThavIM zatAbdI hai, jisakA Upara nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| akaladeva isthaM samasta matavAdi karIndravarSamunmala ymmmlmaanbddh'prhaarH| syAdvArakesarasaTAzatatIvamUtiH paJcAnano jayatyakalavevaH / / -nyA0 ku. pR0604 menAzeSakutarka vibhramatamo nimalamummIlitama, sphArAgASa kunIti sArya sarito niHzeSataH shossitaaH| lyAvAvA pratimaprabhUtakiraNaH vyAptaM jagat sarvataH, sa zrImAnakalaGkabhAnurasamo joyAgjinendraHprabhuH / / -kyA0 ku. pR0 472 tarkabhUvallabho devaH sa jayatyakalaGka dhoH / / jagad dravyamuSo yena daNDitAH shaakyvsyyH|| -vAdirAja pA0 ca. 1. paumuha eva ca gogaha kahAe / pajamacariu, svayambhudeva /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 akalaMkadeva pratibhA sampanna mahAn vAdI, granthakAra aura yugapravartaka vidvAn prAcArya the| zilAlekhoM meM unakA guNagAna unake nirmala vyaktitva kA saMdyotaka hai| zilAvAkyoM meM unheM takabhUvallabha, mahadhika, samastabAdi. karIndra darpobhUlaka, akalaGkadhI, bauddha buddhi vaidhavyadIkSAguru, spAdvAdakesarasaTA zatatInamurtipaJcAnana, azeSa kutarka vibhramatayo nirmU lonmUlaka, prakalaGkabhAnu, acintya mahimA, aura sakala tAkikacaka cUDAmaNi marIci mecakita nakhakiraNa Adi mahAn vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kiyA hai / yaha jaina nyAya yA darzana ke una pratiSThApaka vidvAnoM meM se haiN| jinhoMne dArzanika krAnti ke samaya samantabhadra aura sona ke damana se prApta kiyA cApAgama kI paribhASAnoM ko dArzanika rUpa dekara akalaMka nyAya kA pratiSThApana kiyA hai| ye jaina darzana ke tala dRSTA paura bhAratIya darzanoM ke prakANDa paMDita the| bauddha sAhitya ma dharmakoti' kA jo mahattva hai, dArzanika kSetra meM akalaMkadeva kA usase kama mahatva nahIM hai| dArzanika yuga meM vibhinna dharma saMsthApakoM ne apane apane dharma kA samadyota kiyA hai| bauddha vidvAna dharmakIti, bhaTTa kumArilla, prabhAkara mizra, umotakara aura vyomaziva zrAdi dArzanika vidvAnoM kA loka meM jo viziSTa sthAna thA, bahI sthAna jaina sampradAya meM akalaMka deva kA thaa| unakA vyaktitva asAdhAraNa thaa| isI se aneka kaviyoM ne apane granthoM meM unakA jayaghoSa kiyA hai| akalaMkadeva kA koI purAtana evaM prAmANika jIvana-paricaya upalabdha nahIM hai aura na unake samakAlIna tathA pratinikaTa uttaravartI lekhakoM ke granthoM meM aMkita milatA hai| jIvana paricaya mAnyakheTa nagara ke rAjA zubhatuga ke puruSosama nAma kA maMtrI thA / usake do putra the-eka akalaMka aura dasarA nikalaka / eka bAra aSTAnhikA parva meM mAtA-pitA ke sAtha ve donoM bhAI jaina guru ravigupta ke pAsa ge| mAtA-pitA ne ukta parva meM brahmacarga vrata liyA aura apane bAlakoM ko bhI dilaayaa| jada ve yuvA hue taba apane parAne brahmacarya vrata ko yAvajjIvana vrata mAnakara unhoMne vivAha nahIM krvaayaa| pitA ne samajhAyA ki vaha pratijJA to parva ke lie thii| para ve kumAra apanI bAta para dRr3ha rahe aura unhoMne Ajanma brahmacArI raha kara apanA samaya zAstrAbhyAsa meM lagAyA / akalaMka eka sandhi aura nikalaMka dvi sandhi the unakI buddhi itanI prakhara thI ki akalaMka ko eka bAra sunane mAtra se smaraNa ho jAtA thA aura usopATha ko do bAra sunane se nikalaMka ko smaraNa ho jAtA thaa| usa samaya jaina dharma para hone vAle bauddhoM ke prAkSepoM se unakA pista vicalita ho rahA thA aura ve isake pratIkArArtha boTa zAstroM kA adhyayana karane ke liye bAhara nikala pdd'e| ve apanA dharma chipA kara eka bauddhamaTha meM vidyAdhyayana karane lage / eka dina guru jI ko dignAga ke anekAnta khaNDana ke pUrvapakSa kA kucha pATha azuddha hone ke kAraNa nahIM laga rahA thaa| usa dina pATha banda kara diyA gyaa| rAtri ko akalaMka ne vaha pATha zuddha kara diyA / dasare dina jaba guru ne zuddha pATha dekhA to unheM sandeha ho gayA ki koI jaina yahAM chipa kara par3ha rahA hai| isI kI khoja ke silasile meM eka dina guru ne janamUrti ko lA~ghane kI saba ziSyoM ko prAjJA dii| akalaMka deva mUrti para eka dhAgA DAla kara use lAMca gaye pIra isa saMkaTa se baca gye| eka rAtri meM guru ne acAnaka kAMse ke bartanoM se bhare bore ko chata se giraayaa| sabhI ziSya usa bhISaNa AvAja se jAga gaye aura apane iSTadeva kA smaraNa karane lge| isa samaya akalaMka ke mukha se 'Namo prarahaMtANaM' prAdi paMca namaskAra maMtra nikala pdd'aa| basa phira kyA thA, donoM bhAI pakar3a liye gaye / donoM bhAI maTha kI UparI maMjila meM kaida kara diye gye| taba donoM bhAI eka chAte kI sahAyatA se kUda kara bhAga nikale jJAta hone para rAjAjJA se unheM pakar3ane do azvArohI sainika bheje gaye sainikoM ko prAte dekhakara choTe bhAI nikalaMka ne bar3e bhAI se prArthanA kI ki Apa eka sandhi aura mahAna vidvAna haiN| Apase jina zAsana kI mahatI prabhAvanA hogI / ataH mApa nikaTavartI tAlAba meM chipa kara apane prANa bacAiye, zIghratA kIjie, samaya nahIM hai| ve hatyAre hameM pakar3ane ke lie zIghra hI pIche pA rahe haiN| prAkhira duHkhI citta se 1. yaha paricaya bra nemidatta ke kathAkoza se liyA gayA hai|

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya 145 akalaMka ne tAlAba meM chipakara apane prANoM kI rakSA kI / nikalaMka lAge bhaage| vahIM eka dhobI ne nikalaMka ko bhAgate dekhA / vaha bhI pIche pAte hue ghur3asavAroM ko dekha kisI ajJAta bhaya kI AzaMkA se nikalaMka ke sAtha hI bhAgane lgaa| ghur3asavAroM ne pAkara donoM ko talavAra ke ghATa utAra kara apanI rakta pipAsA zAnta kii| "akalaMka vahAM se cala kara kaliMga deza ke ratna saMcayapura meM phuNce| vahA~ ke rAjA himazItala kI rAnI madana mundarI ne aSTAnhikA parva ke dinoM meM jaina ratha yAtrA nikalavAne kA vicAra kiyaa| kintu bauddhaguru saMgha zrI ke bahakAne meM Akara rAjA ne ratha yAtrA nikAlane kI yaha zataM rakhI ki yadi koI jainaguru bauddha guru ko zAstrArya meM harAde taba hI jaina ratha yAtrA nikala sakatI hai| isase rAnI bar3I cintita huI aura dharma meM vizeSa rUpa se saMlagna huI / akalaMka deva vahAM Aye aura rAjA himazItala kI sabhA meM bauddha vidvAna se zAstrArtha huaa| saMghazrI bIca meM paradA DAlakara usake pIche baiThakara zAstrArtha karatA thaa| zAstrArtha karate hue chaha mahIne bIta gaye, para kisI kI hArajIta nahIM ho paaii| eka dina rAtri ke samaya cakrezvarI devI ne akalaMka ko isakA rahasya batAyA ki parade ke pIche ghaTa meM sthApita tArAdevI zAstrArtha karatI hai| tuma usase prAtaHkAla kahe gaye vAkyoM ko dubArA pUchanA, itane se hI usakI parAjaya ho jaayegii| agale dina akalaMka ne cakrezvarI devI kI sammati ke anusAra prAtaH kahe gaye vAkyoM ko phira duharAne ko kahA to uttara nahIM milaa| unhoMne turanta pradA khIMca kara ghar3e ko paira kI Thokara se phor3a ddaalaa|' isase jainadharma kI vijaya huI aura rAnI ke dvArA saMkalpita rathayAtrA dhUmadhAma se nikAlI gyii|" usa samaya jaina dharma kI mahatI prabhAvanA huii| janatA ke hRdaya meM jainadharma ke prati prAsthA bddh'ii| paura rAnI kA dRr3ha saMkalpa pUrA huaa| kathA koza meM rAjA zubhatuga kI rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa aura akalaMka deva ko usake mantrI puruSottama kA putra batalAyA hai tathA rAjA himazItala kI sabhA meM bauddhoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karane kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSdhArA prathama kI upAdhi bhatuga' thii| usakA samarthana zilAlekhoM meM utkIrNa prazastiyoM se bhI hotA hai / zubhatuga dantidurga ke cAcA the| yuvAvasthA meM dantidurga kI mRtyu ho jAne ke bAda ve rAjyAdhirUna hae the| dantidurga kA hI nAma sAhasatuga thaa| isane kAMcI, kerala, cola aura pANDya deza ke rAjAoM ko tathA rAjA harSa aura bajaTa ko jItane vAlI karNATaka kI senA ko harAyA thA / ' karNATaka kI senA kA artha cAlukyoM kI senA se hai / kyoMki cAlukya rAja pulakezI dvitIya ne beSa vaMzI rAjA harSa ko jItA thaa| bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza' grantha meM dantidurga kI upAdhiyoM meM 'sAhasa'ga' upAdhi kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| ___ DA0 e0 vI0 sAletora ne rAmezvara mandira ke stambha lekha se siddha kiyA hai ki sAhasatuga dantidurga kA 1. malliSeNa prazasti ke nimna padma se bhI rAjA hinazItala kI sabhA meM zAstrArtha ke samaya ghara phor3ane kI bAta kA samarthana hotA hai :-malilaSeNa prazastikA kA samaya zaka saM0 1050 (sana, 1128) hai| "nAhaGkAravagIkRtena manasA na dveSiNA kevalaM, rAtmyaM pratipadya nazyati jane kAruNya buddhayA mayA / rAjJaH zrI himazItalasya sadasi prAyo vidagdhAtmano, bauddhodhAn sakalAnvijitya sugata : (saghaTa:) pAdena visphoTitaH // 23 // 2........."zrIkRSNa rAjasya zubhatuGga tugaturaga prabuddha revardhakravikiraNam"-e003 pR0 106 3. kAMcIza keralanarAdhipacolapANaya- zrI harSavATa vibheda vidhAnavakSam / karATakaM balamanantamajeparaNyaM muMtyaH kihimapi yaH sahasA jigAya / / -zAmana gaDha (kolhApura) kA zaka saM0 675 kA dAnapatra, i0 e0bhA01 pRSTha 111 4. dekho e hola kA zilAlena / 5. bhAga 3 pR. 26 /

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146 jina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 nAma thA / usane cAlukya rUpI samudra kA mathana kara usakI lakSmI ko cirakAla taka apane kula kI kAntA banAyA thA, jaisA ki lekha ke nimna vAkyoM se prakaTa haiM : tatrAnvaye'pyabhavadekapatiH [pR / thivyAm / zrI dantidurga itidurdhara bAhubIryo / cAlukya sindhumathano bhava rAjalakSmIm, yaH saMbabhAra viramAtkulaikakAntAm ||5|| tasmin sAhasasuraMga nAgni nRpatau svaH sundarI prArthite / / maliSeNa prazasti se bhI sAhasaga aura himazItala kI sabhA meM hue zAstrArtha kA samarthana hotA hai / isa kathana se kathAkoza aura malliSeNaprazasti ko bhI prAmANikatA siddha hotI hai / prakalaGka deva kA vyaktitva isameM sandeha nahIM ki akala kadeva kA vyaktitva mahAna thaa| zilA vAkyoM aura granthollekhoM ke anusAra samakAlIna aura paravartI bhAcAryo para unakA prabhAva grAMkita hai / ve apane samaya ke yuganirmAtA mahApuruSa the| ve bhaneka zAstrArthI ke vijetA kavi aura vAgmI the / aura the ghaTavAda ke visphoTaka sabhA catura paMDita bauddhoM ke sAtha hone vAle prasiddha zAstrArtha meM, jo ghaTAvatIrNa tArAdevI ke sAtha chaha mahIne taka kiyA gayA thaa| usakI vijaya itanI mahAna thI ki kalaMka jaise vAcaMyamI ke mukha se niravadya vidyA ke vibhava ko udghoSita karA skii| prazasti ke ve padya isa prakAra hai cUrNi - yasyevamAtmano'nanyasAmAnya niravadyathiyA vibhavopavarNanamAkarNyate / rAjan sAhasatuMga santi bahavaH zvetAtapatrA nRpAH, kintu svatsadRzAra vijayinaH tyAgognatA durlabhAH / tadvatsanti budhA na santi kavayo vAdIzvarA vAgmito | nAnA zAstravicAra cAturadhiyaH kAle kalau mahiSAH // 21 // (pUrvamukha)-- rAjan sarvArivarpa pravivalana padustvaM yathAtra prasiddhastarakhyAto'hamasyAM bhuvi nikhila-mavotpATanaH paNDitAnAm / noveSo'hamete tava sadasi sadAsanti santo mahAnato / art syAsti zaktiH sa vadatu viditAzeSa-zAstrI yadi syAt ||22|| nAhaMkAravazIkRtena manasA na dveSiNA kevalaM, nairAtmyaM pratipadya nazyatijane kAruNyabuddhayA mayA / rAjJaH zrI himazItalasya sadasi prAyo vidagdhAtmano aratghAnsakA niyajitya sa gataH (sa ghaTaH ) pAvena visphoTitaH ||23|| ina padyoM meM grakalaMka deva kI niravadya vidyA kA vibhava prakaTa karate hue batalAyA hai ki he sAhasatuMga rAjan ! zveta Atapatra ( chatra) vAle rAjA bahuta haiM, parantu tumhAre sadRza raNa vijayI aura tyAgonnata rAjA durlabha haiN| usI taraha aneka vidvAna haiM; para kalikAla meM mere samAna nAnA zAstroM ke vicAroM meM catura buddhi vAle kavi cAdIzvara aura vAgmI vidvAn nahIM haiM / 1. dekho; jarnela Apha vambaI hi0 so0 bhAga 6 pU0 29 - 'dI eja Apha guru akalaGka tathA siddhivinizcaya kI prastAvanA pR0 46 |

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya jisa taraha sarva zatrayoM ke mAna mardana meM grApa prasiddha haiM, usI taraha isa pRthvI maMDala meM, maiM paMDitoM ke samasta mada ko naSTa karane meM prasiddha huuN| yadi aisA na ho to, yaha maiM hUM aura prApakI sabhA meM sadA rahane vAle paMDita haiM / inameM jisakI zakti ho vaha nikhila zAstravettA mere sAmane bole| mane ahaMkAra ke vaza athavA mana ke dveSa se aisA nahIM kahA / kintu nairAtmyavAda ke kAraNa manuSyoM ke vinAza ko jAnakara logoM para karuNA buddhi se maiMne kahA hai| rAjA himazotala kI sabhA meM maiMne vidagdhAtmA bauddhoM ko jIta kara pAdase ghar3e kA visphoTana kiyA hai| yaha vaha samaya thA, jaba bauddhavidvAna dharmakIti ke ziSyoM kA samudAya bhAratIya darzana ke raMga maMca para chAyA huyA thaa| usake nairAtmya vAda ke nAroM se prAtmadarzana hila uThA thaa| usa samaya se aphalaMkadeva ne bhAratIya darzana kI hilatI huI dIvAloM ko thAmA aura isI prayatna meM akalAiyAya kA janma humaa| akalakUdeva ke TIkA grantha aura unakI maulika kRtiyAM unake gahanatattva vicAra, unakI sUkSma tarka pravaNatA aura svatattva niSThA kA paga paga para darzana karAtI hai| kRtiyAM gar3ha aura gaMbhIra prathaM kI ghotaka haiN| prakalaMkane dharma kIti kI parihAsa aura azlIla kaktiyoM kA uttara bhI bar3e maje se diyA hai| akalaMka deva bAla brahmacArI aura nimrantha tapasvI the| unake mana meM apane pyAre bhAI ke balidAna kI Aga barAbara jala rahI thii| isase bhI adhika unake mAnasa meM bauddhoM ke krAntikArI siddhAntoM ke pracAra se aura prAtmavAda ke lupta ho jAne se uthala-puthala macI huI thii| zilAlekha meM unheM mahadhika likhA hai| isa taraha unakA vyaktitva mahAna aura caritra sampanna thaa| unakI akalaMka prabhA se jaina zAsana pAlokita hanA hai, aura hotA rhegaa| tatvArtha rAja vArtika ke 'laghuhavyanRpativaratanayaH padya ke 'baratanayaH' se akalaMka ke ladhu bhrAtA hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| akAMka deva kA samaya aphalaMka deva yativRSabha, zrIdatta, siddhasena, devunandI, pAtra kesarI aura sumati deva ke bAda hue haiN| unhoMne yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNNatti ke prathama adhikAra ko do gAthAnoM kA saMskRtikaraNa kara unheM laghIyastraya meM zAmila kara liyA hai| yativRSabha kA samaya IsA ko 5vI sadI hai| zrIdata kA ullekha devanandI ne kiyA hai / akalaMka deva ne pravacana praveza ke paSTha 23 meM siddhasena ke 'sanmatisUtra kI nimnagAthA kA saMskRta rUpAntara kiyA hai: titthayara bynnsNghvisespsthaarmuulvaagrnnii|| bagvATrino ya pajjavaNamro ya sesA biyappAsi // 1-3 "tataH tIrthakara vacana saMgraha vizeSa prastAra mUladhyAkAriNaudravyaparyAyAthiko nizcetavyo / " laghIyastrayasvo0 vR0 zloka 67 Apane devanandI kI tattvArthavati / sarvArtha siddhi) kI paMktiyoM ko dAtika banAkara tatvArthavAtika kI racanA kI hai| devanandI kA samaya IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI hai| akalaMka ne pAtra kesarI ke 'vilakSaNakadarthana' ko 'anya thAnupapannatva" kArikA ko nyAyavinizcaya ke mUla meM zAmila kara liyA hai| inakA samaya IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI hai| sumati deva kA ullekha zAnti rakSita ke tattvasaMgraha kI paMjikA meM pAyA jAtA hai| paMjikA ke kartA kamalazIla haiM, jo nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya ke prophesara the| zAntirakSita kA samaya san 705 se 762 mAnA jAtA hai| san 743 meM zAnti rakSita ne tibbata kI yAtrA kI thii| usase pahale hI unhoMne tattva saMgraha kI racanA kI hai| kamalazIla zAntirakSita ke samakAlIna jAna par3ate haiN| ina ullekhoM se 'akalaMka kA samaya IsA kI 7vIM zatAbdI se bAda kA jAna par3atA hai| - - - -- - - - - 1 jIyAt samantabhadrasya devAgamanaH saMjinaH / stotrasya bhAjyaM kRtavAnakalako mahadhikaH jana lekha saMgraha bhA0 3 le naM0 667 10515

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 DA0 mahendra kumAra jI ne akalaMka kA samaya IsAkI devIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha siddha karate hue jo sAdhaka pramANa diye haiN| unheM yahAM diyA jAtA hai: 1- dantidurga dvitIya upanAma sAhasa turaMgakI sabhA meM akalaMka kA apane mukha se himazItala kI sabhA meM hue zAstrArtha kI bAta kahanA / dantidurgakA rAjya kAla I0 745 se 755 hai, aura usI kA nAma sAhasa tuMga thA / yaha rAmezvara mandira ke stambhalekha se siddha ho gayA hai| 148 2- prabhAcanda ke kathAkoza meM akalaMka ko kRSNaja ke maMtrI puruSottama kA putra batAnA / kRSNa kA rAjya kAla I0 756 se 775 taka hai / 3 - prakalaMka carita meM prakalaMka ke zaka saM0 700 ( I0 778) meM bauddhoM ke sAtha hue mahAna vAda kA ullekha honA / 1 4 - prakalaMka ke pratthoM meM nimnalikhita AcAryoM ke granthoM kA ullekha yA prabhAva honA / bhartRhari (I04 zrI 5vIM sadI) kumArila ( I0 7voM kA pUrvArdha), dharmakIti ( I0 620 se 690), jayarAzi bhaTTa ( I07vIM sadI), ), prajJAkara gupta ( I0 660 se 720 ), dharmAkaradatta (acaMTa ) ( I0 680 se 720), zAntabhadra ( I0 700 ) dharmottara ( I0 700 )' karNagomi ( I0 8vIM sadI), zAMta rakSita ( I0 705 se 762 ) / 5- kavivara dhanaMjaya ke dvArA nAmamAlA meM 'pramANamakalaMkasya' likhakara kalaMka kA smaraNa kiyA jAnA / dhanaMjaya kI nAma mAlA kA avataraNa dhavalA TIkA meM hai| ataH dhanaMjaya kA samaya I0 810 hai / 6 - jinasena ke guru vIrasena kI dhavalATIkA ( I0 816) meM tasvArtha votika ke uddhAraNa honA / 7 - prAdi purANa meM jinasena dvArA unakA smaraNa kiyA jAnA / jinasena kA samaya I0 760 se 813 hai / - harivaMza purANa ke kartA punnATa saMghIya jinasena ke dvArA vIrasena kI kIrti ko 'akalaMka' kahA jAnA / 6 - vidyAnanda AcArya dvArA prakalaMka kI aSTazatI para bhraSTa sahasrI TIkA kA likhA jaanaa| vidyAnanda kA samaya I0 775-840 hai / 10-zilAlekhoM meM akalaMka kA smaraNa sumati ke bAda thAnA" gujarAta ke karka suvarNakA mallavAdi ke praziSya aura sumati ke ziSya aparAjita ko diye gae dAna kA eka tAmrapatra zaka, saM0 743 I0 821 kA milA 2 | 3 tastvasaMgraha' meM sumatideva digambara ke mata kA ullekha zrAtA hai / tattvasaMgraha paMjikA meM batAyA hai ki sumati kumArila ke prAlocanA mAtra pratyakSa kA nirAkaraNa karate haiM / zrataH sumati kA samaya kumArila ke bAda honA caahiye| DA0 bhaTTAcArya ne sumati kA samaya I0 720 ke pAsa pAsa nirdhArita kiyA hai 14 / yadi tAmrapatra meM ullikhita sumati hI tattvasaMgrahakAra dvArA ullikhita sumati hai to inake samaya kI saMgati baiThAnI hogI; kyoMki tAmrapatra ke anusAra sumati ke ziSya aparAjita I0 821 meM hue haiM aura isa taraha guru ziSya ke samaya meM 100 varSa kA antara hotA hai / pro0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra kiyA hai ki sumati kI grantha racanA kA samaya I0 1. siddhi vinazcaya pra0 pRSTha 46 / 4. vahI pRSTha 41 - 36 / 7. vahI pR0 37 / 10. vahI pu. 36 / 2. vahI pR. 49 // 5. vahI pR0 49 // 8. prastAvanA pR0 381 11. vahI pra0 pR0 38 // 15. tasva [saM0 prastA pR0 12 / 16. dharmottara prastAva pR0 55 / 3. vahI pR. 11 / 6. jaina sA. i0 pRSTha 111 1 9. harivaMza purANa 1-36 12. dharmottara prastAvanA pR0 55 / 13. tatva saM0 pR0 379, 302, 303 381, 466 / 14. " tatra sumatiH kumArilA dyAbhimatA locanAmA pratyakSa vicAraNArthamAha" tattva saM0 paM0 pRSTha 279 /

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya 146 950 ke pAsa-pAsa mAnA jAya to pUrvokta asaMgati nahIM hogii| zAnti rakSita ne tibbata jAne se pUrva hI tasva saMgraha kI racanA kI hai| ataeva baha I0745 ke pUrva racA gayA hogA, kyoMki zAnta rakSita ne tibbata jAkara I0 746 meM bihAra kI sthApanA kI thii| sumati ko yadi zAnti rakSita kA samavayaska mAna liyA jAya to unako bhI utarAvadhi I0762 ke pAsa-pAsa hogii| aisI sthiti meM sumati ke ziSya aparAjita kI sattA I0821 meM honA asambhava nahIM hai|" yaha samAdhAna sayuktika hai| aisI dazA meM sUmati se 23 prAcAryoM ke bAda hone vAle prakalaMka kA samaya I08 vIM kA uttarArdha hI siddha hotA hai| isa taraha vipratipattiyoM ke nirAkaraNa tathA sunizcita sAdhaka pramANoM ke AdhAra se akalaMka deva kA samaya I0720 se 780 siddha hotA hai| prakalA ke grantha prakalaka deva kI upAdhi 'bhaTTa' thii| isI se ve bhaTTa kahalAte the| unakI nimna kRtiyAM upalabdha haiM-1 tattvArthavAtika sabhASya, 2 aSTazatI, 3 laghIyastraya savivRtti, 4 nyAyavizciya savRtti, 5 siddhivinizcaya, 6 pramANa saMgraha svopjny| 1-tattvArthavAtika sabhASya-prastuta granya gRdhdrapicchAcArya ke tattvArtha sUtra ke 355 sUtroM meM saralatama 27 sUtroM ko chor3a kara zeSa 328 sUtroM para gadyavArtikoM ko racanA kI gaI hai, jinako saMkhyA do hajAra chaha so sattara hai| ina vArtikoM dvArA sUtrakAra ke sUtroM para saMbhAvita vipratipattiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kara granthakAra ke sUtroM ke marma kA udaghATana kiyA hai / yaha bArtika zailI para likhA gayA prathama bhASya grantha hai| isameM jIva, prajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tattvoM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana UhApoha pUrvaka kiyA gayA hai / isameM vArtika jude haiM paura unakI vyAkhyA bhI judI hai / isa vyAkhyA kA bhASya rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| anya kI puSpikAnoM meM isakA nAma tattvArthavArtika vyAkhyAnAlaMkAra diyA gayA hai / devandI (pUjyapAda) kI tattvArthavRtti (sarvArtha siddhi) kA bahubhAga isameM bhUlabAtika rUpa meM samAviSTa ho gayA hai| akalaMka deva ke isa bhASya grantha ko bhASA atyanta sarala hai| jaba ki anya aSTa zato, nyAvinizcaya, pramANa saMgrahAdi granthoM kI saMskRta bhASA atyanta kliSTa hai| yadi aSTazato para aSTa sahasro TIkA na hotA to usakA artha samajhanA atyanta kaThina hotA / prastuta bhASya meM dvAdazAMma ke nirUpaNa meM kriyAvAdI prakriyAvAdI aura AjJAnika Adi meM jina sAkalya, bASkala, kuthumi, kaTha mAdhyandina, mauda, paippalAda, gAgyaM maudgalyAyana, AzvalAyana, Adi RSiyoM ke nAma diye haiM / ve saba RgvedAdi ke zAkhARSi haiN| isa vArtika bhASya ke aneka sthaloM meM SaTkhaNDAgama ke sUtra aura mahAbandha ke vAkya uddhRta kiye gaye haiM aura unase saMgati baiThAI gaI hai| yaha eka aisA pAkaragrantha hai jisameM saiddhAntika, bhaugolika aura dArzanika sabhI carcAe yathAsthAna milatI haiN| anya meM sarvatra anekAnta dRSTi kA prayoga hone se aisA jAna par3atA hai, jaise saiddhAntika tattva prarohoM kI rakSA ke liye anekAnta ko bADa hI lagAI gaI ho, sarvatra bhedAbheda, nityAnityatva aura ekAnekatva ke samarthana kA krama anekAnta prakriyA se yukta dRSTigocara hotA hai| svarUpa catuSTaya ke gyAraha bAraha prakAra, sakalAdeza vikalAdeza kA vistRta prayoga tathA sapta bhaMgIkA vizada aura vividha vivecana isI grantha meM apanI viziSTa zailI se milatA hai| yoniprAbhUta, vyAkhyAprajJapti, vyAkhyAprajJapti daNDaka grAdi kA usameM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jisase spaSTa pratibhAsita hotA hai ki prakalaMka deva vidyAke kSetra meM adhika se adhika saMgrAhaka bhI the| tattvArthAdhigama nAmaka bhASya bhI prakalaMka deva ke sAmane rahA hai| aura bhI kaI TIkA grantha sAmane rahe haiN| grantha meM dignAga ke pratyakSa lakSaNa-kalpanApor3ha kA khaNDana hai para dharmakIrtikRta 'prabhrAnta' pada viziSTa pratyakSa kA lakSaNa nahIM / yadyapi dharmakIrti kI 'santAnAntara siddhi' kA prAdyazlomA buddhipUrvA kriyA' udadhata 1. dhavalATIkA, nyAya kumuda pR0 646

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 samaya dharmakIti ke anya prakaraNa akalaMka deva ke prathama grantha jAna par3atA hai / yaha acche vaiyyA 150 hai phira bhI aisA jAna par3atA hai jaise tattvArthaM bArtika kI racanA ke hoN| isI kAraNa yaha grantha unakA mana meM karaNa bhI the| sUtroM meM zabdoM kI sArthakatA tathA vyutpatti karane meM unake isa rUpa ke khUba darzana hote haiM / yadyapi ve sarvatra pUjyapAda ke jainendra vyAkaraNa kA uddharaNa dete haiN| parantu pANini aura pataMjali ke bhASya ko bhI bhUle nahIM haiN| bhUgola aura khagola ke vivecana meM tiloya paNNattI unake sAmane rahI hai| donoM meM kitanA hI kathana samAna milatA hai / vAstava meM yaha bhASya tattvArtha sUtra kI upalabdha TIkAoM meM mUrdhanya aura Akara grantha hai| akalaMka deva kI prazA ke isameM viziSTa darzana hote haiM / isa bhASya meM janetara granthoM ke aneka uddharaNa milane haiN| isase usakI mahattA ka sahaja hI anubhava ho jAtA hai / tattvArthasUtra para aisA granya koI dUsarA bhAgya upalabdha nahIM hai praSTazatI yaha zrAcArya samantabhadra kRta 'Apta mImAMsA' aparanAma' 'devAgama stotra' kI saMkSipta vRtti hai| jaina darzana mImAMsA kA viziSTa gauravapUrNa sthAna haiN| isameM anekAnta aura saptabhaMgI kA acchA vivecana hai| isakA pramANa 800 zloka jitanA hai isI se ise aSTazatI kahA jAtA hai / isa aSTazatI para prAcArya vidyAnanda kI 'bhraSTa sahasrI' nAma kI TIkA hai| jo suvarNa meM maNivat Age-pIche ke vyAkhyA vAkyoM meM aSTazatI ko jar3atI calI jAtI hai| vidyAnanda ne svayaM apanI usa aSTazataH garbhita aSTa sahastroM meM likhA hai ki yaha graSTa sahasrI kaSTa sahasrI se banAI hai| jaisA ki unake vAkya se spaSTa hai 'zrotavyA bhraSTa sahasrI zrutaiH kimanyaiH sahasrasaMkhyAnaiH / isameM mUla AptamImAMsA meM zrAye hue sadekAnta asadekAnta, bhedakAnta, abhedekAnta, nityaikAnta, kSaNikakAnta afe ekAntoM kI AlocanA karate hue puNya-pApa bandha kI carcA ko hai| ina saba ekAntoM kI mAlocanA meM bhraSTazatI meM una una ekAntavAdiyoM ke mantavya pUrvapakSa meM sAdhAra diye hai / zraura zrAjJA pradhAniyoM ke devAgama aura prAkAzagamana Adi ke dvArA grApta ke mahatva khyApana kI praNAlI kI AlocanA kara bhAptamImAMsA ke AdhAra se vItarAga sarvajJa ko prApta siddha kiyA hai, aura yukti se zrAgama avirodhI vacana vAlA batalAyA hai| isI kathana meM zranya AptoM ke ekAntavAda kI carcA bhI nihita hai / aura anta meM pramANa aura naya kI carcA kI hai / yastraya savivRti yaha choTe-choTe tIna prakaraNoM kA saMgraha hai| isa grantha meM tIna praveza haiN| pramANa praveza, naya praveza aura prava vana praveza | isameM kula 78 mUla kArikAeM haiN| akalaMka deva ne laghostraya para eka vivRtti likhI hai| yaha vivRtti kArikAoM kI vyAkhyA rUpa na hokara usameM sUcita viSayoM ko pUraka hai| unhoMne yaha vivRtti kArikAoM ke sAtha hI likhI hai kyoMki ve jo padArtha kahanA cAhate haiM usake amuka graMza ko zloka meM kahakara zeSa ko vivRtti meM kahate haiM / ataH usakA nAma vRtti na hokara vivati vizeSa vivaraNa hI upayukta hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se padya aura gadya mila kara hI grantha kI akhaNDatA banAte haiM / laghIstraya meM chaha pariccheda haiM, jinameM carcita mukhya viSaya nimna prakAra haiN| prathama pariccheda meM samyagjJAna kI pramANatA, pratyakSa parokSa ke lakSaNa, pratyakSa ke sAMvyavahArika aura mukhya do bheda, sAMvyavahArika ke indriya pratyakSa aura anindriya pratyakSa bheda aura mukhya ke avagrahAdi bheda, pUrva pUrvajJAnI kI pramANatA Adi kA vivecana hai / dvitIya pariccheda meM dravya paryAyAtmaka vastu kI prameyarUpatA, nityaikAnta aura kSaNikaikAnta meM arthakriyA kA prabhAva Adi prameya sambandhI carcA hai / tatIyapariccheda meM mati smRti saMjJA cintA aura abhinibodha Adi kA zabda yojanA se pUrva avasthA meM, tathA zabda yojanA ke bAda zrutavyapadeza, smRti pratyabhijJAna tarka aura anumAna kA parokSatva, pratyabhijJAna meM upamAna

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavI zatAbdI taka ke AcArya kA antarbhAva, kAraNa pUrvacara aura uttaragara hetUmoM kA samarthana, pradazyAnupalabdhi se bhI prabhAva ko siddhi aura vikalpa buddhi ko bAstavikatA yAdi parokSa pramANa sambandhI viSayoM kI carcA hai| cauthe pariccheda meM jJAna kI kAntika pramANatA yA apramANatA kA niSedha karake pramANAbhAsa kA svarUpa, zruta kI pramANatA, aura Agama pramANa Adi viSayoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pAMcaveM pariccheda meM naya durnaba ke lakSaNa, nayoM ke dravyArthika paryAyArthika Adi bheda, aura naigamAdi nayoM meM arthanaya zabdanaya Adi ke vibhAga kA vivecana hai| The pariccheva meM pramANa pora naya kA vicAra karate hae artha aura Aloka kI jJAna kAraNatA kA khaMDana tathA sakalAdeza vikalAdeza kA vicAra aura pramANa nayAdi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / isa taraha yaha grantha akalaMka deva kI pahalI maulika dArzanika kRti hai| nyAya vinizcaya savRtti prastuta grantha meM 480 zloka haiM / aura tIna pariccheda hai--pratyakSa, anumAna, aura pravacana / sambhava hai, prakalaMka deva me isa para bhI koI caNi yA ti likhI hogI / DA. mahendra kumAra jI ne usake prApta karane kA prayatna kiyA thA, kintu kheda hai ki vaha upalabdha nahIM huii| prathama pariccheda meM pratyakSa kA lakSaNa likha kara pratyakSa ke do bheda indriya pratyakSa aura atIndriya pratyakSa ke lakSaNAdi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai ! dharmazIti gamATAyaca lakSA ko samAlocanA, tathA bauddhakalpita svasaMvedanayogi mAnasa pratyakSa kA nirAkaraNa karate hue sAMsya aura naiyAyika sammata pratyakSa lakSaNa kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| dUsare pariccheda meM anumAna kA lakSaNa, sAdhya-sAdhyAbhAsa aura sAdhana sAdhanAbhAsa ke lakSaNa, hetu ke rUpya kA khaMDana karate hue anyathAnupapatti kA samarthana, prasiddha, viruddha, anekAntika paura akizcitakara hetvAbhAsoM mAdi kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| aura anumAna se sambandhita viSayoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| tIsare pravacana prastAva meM pravacana kA svarUpa, sugata ke prAptatva kA nirAkaraNa, sugata ke karuNAvatya tathA caturArtha pratipAdakatva kA parihAsa, pAgama ke apauruSeyatva kA khaNDana, sarvajJatva samarthana, mokSa aura sattabhaMgI kA nirUpaNa, syAdvAda meM diye jAne vAle saMzayAdi doSoM kA parihAra, smRti pratyabhijJAna yAdi kA prAmANya aura pramANa ke phalAdi viSayoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ___ isa grantha para prAcArya vAdirAja kA vistRta vivaraNa upalabdha hai, jo nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa ke nAma se prasiddha hai, aura jo bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI se do bhAgoM meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / vAdirAja ne usake racanA kAla kA ullekha nahIM kiyA / vAdirAja kA paricaya anyatra diyA hai| unakA samaya zaka saM0647 (san 1025) hai| sisiminiyacaya-akalaMkadeva kI yaha mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| isameM 12 prastAva haiM jinameM pramANanaya aura nikSepa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-1. pratyakSasiddhi (2) savikalpa siddhi (3) pramANAntara siddhi (4) jayasiddhi (5) jalpasiddhi (6) hetulakSaNa siddhi (7) zAstrasiddhi (8) sarvazasiddhi (6) zabdasiddhi (10) arthanayasiddhi (11) zandanayasiddhi (12) aura nikSepasiddhi / ina prastAvoM ke nAmoM se unake viSayoM kA parijJAna ho jAtA hai / DA. mahendra kumAra jI ne kramika vikAsa kI dRSTi se inheM cAra vibhAgoM meM bAMTA hai(1) pramANa mImAMsA, (2) prameya mImAMsA, (3) naya mImAMsA aura (4) nikSepa miimaaNsaa| pramANa mImAMsA-isameM pramANa aura usake bheda-prabhedoM kA tathA pratyakSa siddhi, savikalpa siddhi, sarvasiddhi pramANAntara siddhi, aura hetu lakSaNa siddhi, inameM pratipAdita pramANa sambandhI viSayoM kA sAra diyA gayA hai| aura darzanAntarIya granthoM meM mAne jAne vAle pramANa kI mImAMsA kI gaI hai| prameya mImAMsA-isameM jIvasiddhi aura zabda siddhi meM pratipAdita prameya sambandhI sAmAnya svarUpa kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| jaina paramparA meM prameya-dravyoM ke do bheda haiM--cetanadravya aura acetana dravya / cetanadravya prAtmA yA jIva hai usakA lakSaNa jJAtA dRSTA hai| aura acetana dravya pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ke bheda se pAMcaprakAra ke haiN|

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152 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 cahA pudgala tavya-rUpa-rasa, gandha aura sparza bAle paramANu pUgala dravya haiM / ve ananta haiN| pudgala paramANu jaba skandha banate haiM taba unakA rAsAyanika bandha ho jAtA hai| usa skandha meM jitane pudgala paramANu sambaddha haiM una sabakA eka jaisA pariNamana ho jAtA hai| aura usI pariNamana ke anusAra skandha meM rUpa vizeSa praura rasa vizeSa kA vyavahAra hotA hai / samasta jagata inhIM pudgala paramANunoM se nirmita hunaa| prati samaya koI na koI pariNamana karane kA unakA svabhAva hai / pudgala' zabda kA artha hI pUraNa aura galana hai| dharmavya-yaha eka lokavyApI pramurta dravya hai jo gamanazIla jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati meM sahAyaka hotA hai| yaha preraka nimitta nahIM kintu udAsIna nimitta hai| adharma dravya-yaha eka loka vyApI amUrta dravya hai jo sthitizIla jIva aura pudgaloM kI sthiti meM sahAyaka hotA hai / yaha bhI udAsIna nimitta hai| prAkAza dravya-yaha eka ananta amUrta dravya hai, jisameM samasta dravyoM kA pravagAha hotA hai / dravyoM ke pravasthAna ko apekSA isake do bheda haiM / jahA~ taka jIvAdika pAye jAyeM vaha lokAkAza hai aura jahAM kevala prAkAza hI AkAza hai vaha pAlokAkAza hai| ___ kAla dravya-lokAkAza vyApI asaMkhya kAlANu dravya hai, jo svayaM to pariNamana karate hI haiM kintu anya dravyoM ke pariNamana meM bhI nimitta hote haiM / ghar3I, ghaNTA dina prAdi kAla vyavahAra inhIM ke nimitta se hotA hai| jIva dravya-upayoga rUpa hai, amUrta hai, kartA hai, aura bhoktA hai, svadeha parimANa hai sasArI aura siddhi ho jAtA hai / svabhAva se UdhvaMgamanazIla hai| jIva kA svabhAva caitanya hai, vahI caMtanya jJAna aura darzana avasthAoM meM pariNata hotA hai| jIva ko sabhI jIvavAdI amUrta mAnate haiM / jIva ke do bheda haiM saMsArI aura mukta / kintu jaina paramparA meM saMsArI avasthA meM sadA karma pudgaloM se baMdhe rahane ke kAraNa use vyabahAra dRSTi se mUrta mAnA jAtA hai| saMsArI avasthA meM jaba usakI vaibhAvika zakti kA vikAra pariNamana hotA hai taba prAtmA ko kathaMcit mUrta bhI mAnA gayA hai| use svayaM kartA aura bhoktA bhI mAnA hai| joya anAdi kAla se kama pudgaloM se baddha calA pA rahA hai / isI kAraNa vaha kathaMcit mUrta hai| aura karmAnusAra prApta choTe-bar3e zarIra ke anusAra saMkoca aura vikAsa karake usa zarIra ke pramANa prAkAra vAlA hotA hai| vaha svabhAvata: pramUrta dravya hai aura pUdagala se bhinna hai| aura vAsanAmoM ke kAraNa saMsAra avasthA meM vikRta ho rahA hai| prataH samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakacAritra prAdi prayatnoM se dhIreghIre zuddha hokara karma bandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| usa samaya usakA prAkAra antima zarIra jaisA hI raha jAtA hai; kyoMki jIva ke pradezoM meM saMkoca aura vikAsa donoM hI karma ke sambandha se hote the| jaba karmabandhana chUTa gayA taba jIva ke pradezoM ke phailane kA koI kAraNa nahIM rahatA / ata: vaha mantima zarIra se kucha nyUna prAkAravAlA raha jAtA hai| naya mImAMsA-meM naya ke svarUpa kA kathana karate hue, usake bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| anekAntAtmaka vastu ke eka-eka aMza ko viSama karane vAle abhiprAya vizeSa pramANa ko santAna haiM, unameM yadi paraspara proti paura apekSA hai to ve sunaya haiM / anyathA durnaya / anekAtmaka vastu ke amuka aMza ko mukhya bhAva se grahaNa karake bho anya aMzoM kA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA kintu usake prati taTasthabhAva rakhatA hai| jaise pitA kI sampatti meM usake sabhI putroM kA samAna haka hotA hai / sapUta vahI kahA jAtA hai, jo apane bhAiyoM ke haka ko ImAnadArI se svIkAra karatA hai| unake har3apane kI ceSTA nahIM krtaa| kintu unake sAtha sadbhAva rakhatA hai| usI taraha ananta dharmAtmaka vastu meM sabhI nayoM kA samAna madhikAra hai, unameM sunaya vahI kahA jAyegA, jo apane aMza ko mukhya rUpa se grahaNa karake bhI anya ke azoM ko gauNa kare, para unakA nirAkaraNa na kare, unakI apekSA ko aura unake astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai| kintu jo dUsare kA nirAkaraNa karatA hai, aura apanA hI adhikAra jamAtA hai vaha kupUta kI taraha durnaya kahalAtA hai / isI se prAcArya samantabhadra ne nirapekSa naya ko mithyA aura sApekSa naya ko samyaka batalAyAyA hai| 1. nirapekSa, nayAmimyA sApekSA vastute'rthakRta / AptamImAMsA zloka 18

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya jisa taraha paTa ke tAnA pora bAnA donoM hI alaga-alaga nirapekSa raha kara zIta nivAraNa nahIM kara skte| kintu jaba tAnA bAnA sApekSa hokara paTa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM, taba ve zIta ke nivAraNa meM samartha ho jAte hai usI taraha niyatavAdoM kA Agraha rakhane vAle paraspara nirapekSa naya samyaktatva ko nahIM pA skte| kinta bahamUlya maNiyAM yadi eka sUtra meM na piroI gaI hoM, aura na paraspara ghaTaka hoM, to ve ratnAvalI nahIM kahalA sktii| jisa taraha eka sUtra meM piroI gaI maNiyAM ratnAvalI hAra bana jAtI haiN| usI taraha sabhI naya sApekSa hokara samyakapane ko prApta ho jAte haiN| nikSepa momosA-meM nikSepa kA svarUpa aura usake bhedoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| nikSepa ke cAra bheda hai, nAma sthApanA, dravya paura bhAva / unakA prayojana aprakRta kA nirAkaraNa, prakRta kA nirUpaNa, saMzaya kA vinAza maura tatvArtha ke nizcaya karane meM nikSepa kI sArthakatA hai|' ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ko vyavahAra meM lAne ke liye nikSepa kA prayojana prAvazyaka hai| guNa rahita vastu meM vyavahAra ke lie apanI icchA se kI gaI saMjJA nAma hai| kASTa karma, pustakarma, citra karma aura akSanikSepa meM yaha vahI hai isa prakAra sthApita karane ko sthApanA kahate haiN| jo guNoM dvArA prApta kiyA jAyegA yA prApta hogA vaha dravya hai jaise rAjaputra ko rAjA kahanA / bhaviSyata paryAya kI yogyatA yA atIta-paryAya ke nimitta se hone vAle vyavahAra kA AdhAra dravya nikSepa hai| jaise jisakA rAjya calA gayA, use vartamAna meM rAjA kahanA athavA yuvarAja ko abhI rAjA khnaa| vartamAna paryAya viziSTa dravya meM tatparyAya malaka kA vyavahAra kA AdhAra bhAva nikSepa hai| isa saba saMkSipta kathana se grantha kI mahattA kA AbhAsa mila jAtA hai / isa taraha akalaMka deva kI kRtiyAM jaina zAsana kI mahatvapUrNa aura mUlyavAna kRtiyAM haiN| pramANa saMgraha-isa grantha kA jaisA nAma hai tadanusAra usameM pramANoM, yuktiyoM kA saMgraha hai| isa grantha kI bhASA aura viSaya donoM hI jaTila aura durUha haiN| yaha laghIstraya aura nyAyavinizcaya se kaThina hai| grantha prameya bahala hai| lagatA hai isakI racanA nyAya vinizcaya ke bAda kI gaI hai, kyoMki isake kaI prastAvoM ke anta meM nyAya vinizcaya kI aneka kArikAeM vinA kisI upakrama vAkya ke pAI jAtI haiM / isa grantha kI nomi kArikA meM prayata'prakalaMka mahIyasAm' vAkya to prakalaMka deva kA sUcaka hai hI, kintu isakI praur3ha zailI bhI ise prakalaMka deva kI antima kRti batalAtI hai, kAraNa ki isakI vicAradhArA gahana ho gaI hai| jAna par3atA hai isameM unhoMne apane aba ziSTa vicAroM ko rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isameM hetuoM ko upalabdhi anupalabdhi Adi aneka bhedoM kA vistata vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jAna par3atA hai isa para prAcArya anantavIrya kRta pramANa saMgrahAlaMkAra nAma ko koI TIkA rahI hai jisakA ullekha anantavIrya ne svayaM kiyA hai| pramANa saMgraha meM prastAva aura sAr3he satAsI 871 kArikAeM haiN| isa para prakalaMka deva ne kArikAmoM ke atirikta pUraka vRtti bhI likhI hai| isa taraha gadya-padyamaya isa graMtha kA pramANa lagabhaga aSTazatI ke barAbara ho ho jAtA hai| prathama prastAva meM kArikAyeM haiN| jinameM pratyakSa kA lakSaNa zruta kA pratyakSa anumAna aura bhAgamapUrvaka, aura pramANa kA phala Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| dUsare prastAva meM bhI kArikAyeM haiM, jinameM parokSa ke bhedasmRti, pratyabhijJAna aura tarka prAdi kA nirUpaNa hai| tIsare prastAva meM 10 kArikAyoM dvArA anumAna ke avayava, sAdhya sAdhana sAdhyAbhAsa kA lakSaNa, sadasadekAnta meM sAdhya prayoga kI prasambhayatA, sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka vastu kI sAdhyatA aura usameM diye jAne vAle saMzayAdi pATha doSoM ke nirAkaraNa prAdi kA kathana hai| 1. avagayaNi vAraNa payadasya parUvaNA Ni mitta ca / saMzayaviNAsaraNa? taccatyavadhAraNaTTa ca // -dhavalA. pu.1pR0311 2. siddhi vinizcaya TIkA pu08, 10, 130 Adi

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154 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga-2 cauthe prastAva meM sAr3e gyArahakAoM dvArA trirUpa kA nirAkaraNa, anyathA nupapattirUpa hetu kA samarthana, aura hetu ke upalabdhi anupalabdhi prAdi bhedoM kA vivecana tathA kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara, aura sahacara hetunoM samarthana pAMcaveM prastAva meM sAr3e dazakArikAmoM meM viruddhAdi hetvAbhAsoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| chaThe prastAva meM 12 kArikAnoM dvArA vAda kA lakSaNa, jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA kA svarUpa, jAti kA lakSaNa prAdi yAda sambandhi kathana diyA hai / aura anta meM dharmakIrti Adi dvArA prativAdiyoM ke prati jADyAdi apazabdoM ke prayoga kA sabala uttara diyA hai| sAtaveM prastAva meM 10 kArikAmoM meM pravacana kA lakSaNa, sarvajJatA kA samarthana, apauruSeyatva kA khaMDana, tattvajJAna cAritra kI mokSa hetRtA prAdi pravacana sambandhI viSayoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| AThaveM prastAva meM 13 kArikAnoM meM saptabhaMgI kA nirUpaNa aura naigamAdinayoM kA kathana hai| nauveM prastAva meM 2 kArikAoM dvArA pramANa maya aura nikSepa kA upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai| isa taraha yaha graMtha apanI khAsa vizeSatA rakhatA hai / sva0 nyAyAcArya paM0 mahendra kumAra jI ne akalaMka deva kI isa mahatvapUrNa kRtikA sampAdana kara jaina saMskRti kA bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| yaha gaMtha akalaMka nanthatraya meM prakAzita hai| isa taraha prakalaMka deva kI sabhI kRtiyA~ mahatvapUrNa haiM / aura akalaMka kI yaha jaina nyAya ko apUrva dena hai| akalaGka nAma ke anya vidvAna prakalaMka nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| jaina sAhitya meM akalaMka nAma ke aneka vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| unakA yahAM saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai : prakalaMkacandra-mandi saMgha-sarasvatIgaccha, balAtkAragaNa, aura kundakundAnvaya kI padAvalI ke 73veM gaha, varSamAna kI kIti ke pazcAt aura lalita kItike pUrva ullikhita ukta paTTAyalI ke anusAra inakA samaya 11941200 IsvI hai| -(gvAliyara paTTAntargata) prakala vidya-mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha koNDa kundAnvaya ke kolhApurIya mAghanandi ke praziSya, devakIti, (jinakA vAsa 1163 I0 meM humA) ke ziSya, zubhacandra vidyadeva aura guNDavimuktavAdi catUM mukha rAmacandra vidya ke sagharmA, mANikya bhaMDAri mariyAne, mahApradhAna daNDanAyaka bharata bhaura zrIkaraNa heggaDe cimayya ke guruvAdi vAMkuza makalaMka vidya the 1' inakA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai| prakakalaM paNDita-inakA ullekha zravaNa belagolastha candragiri zilAlekha naM0 166 meM, jo IsvI sana 1098 meM utkIrNa humA hai pAyA jAtA hai| akasaMkadeva-inhoMne dabir3a saMgha nandyAnvaya ke vAdirAja muni ke ziSya mahAmaNDalAcArya rAjaguru puSpasena mani ke sAtha zaka saM0 1178 (san 1256) meM hummaca meM samAdhi maraNa kiyA thaa| yaha sambhavataH muni puSpasana ke saSarmA the| aura inake ziSya guNasena saiddhAntika the| prakalaMkamulipa-nandisaMgha-balAtkAragaNa ke jayakIrti ke ziSya, candraprabha ke sadharmA, vijayakoti, pAlyakIti vimalakIpti, zrIpAlakIti aura mAyikA candramatI ke guru ye / saMgItapura nareza sAluvadevarAya inakA bhakta pAbaMkApura meM inhoMne napa mApana ellapa ke madonmatta pradhAna gajendra ko apane tapobala se zAnta kiyA thaa| inakA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1417 (san 1535 I.) meM huA thaa| 1. zravaNa belagola zi0 naM0 (64) 10 28, nyAya kumuvacanda bhA. 1 prastA0 pU0 25 / 2. zravaNa velagola zi.naM. 166 1. 306 / 3. epImAphiyA, kaNa TikA, 8, nAgara (4) 4. prazasti saMgraha ArA pR0 126, 130 /

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pA~cavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya 155 kalaMka deva-mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha kunda- kundAnvaya meM zravaNa belgola maTha ke cArukIti paMDita ko ziSya paramparA meM utpanna tathA saMgItapura (hADahalli dakSiNa kanArAjilA ) ke maThAdhIza bhaTTAraka the| yaha karNATaka zabdAnuzAsana ke karttA bhaTTAkalaMka deva ke guru aura sambhavatayA alaka yunipa ke praziSya the| inakA (dekho agrejI jaina gajaTa 1623 I0 pR0 217 ) samaya san 1550 - 75 I0 ke lagabhaga hai / kalaMkadeva (bhaTTAkalaMka deva ) - yaha mUlasaMgha dezIgaNa ke vidvAna sudhApura ke bhaTTAraka, vijaya nareza veMkaTapatirAya (1586 - 1615 I0) se samAdbhuta tathA karNATaka zabdAnuzAsana nAmaka prasiddha kar3I vyakaraNa aura memarI karagromakRta 1916 gan 1604 I0 meM samApta kiyA) ke racayitA the| rAya bahAdura cAra narasiMhAcArya ke kathanAnusAra yaha vibhinna sampradAya ke nyAyazAstra meM niSNAta the| eka nipuNa TIkAkAra tathA saMskRta aura kannar3a ubhaya bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNa ke mahA paNDita the / tatkAlIna aneka rAjAoM kI sabhAoM meM bAda meM vijaya prApta kara jainadharma ko mahato prabhAvanA kI thii| rAjAvalo kathA ke kalAM devacandra ke anusAra inhoMne sudhApura meM hI vividhajJAna-vijJAna kI zikSA prApta kI thii| yaha chaha bhASAoM meM kavitA kara sakate the / yaha karNATaka zabdAnuzAsana kI racanA dvArA lokapriya the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 17au~ zatAbdI kA antima caraNa (1672 ) hai / (dekho, cAra0 narasiMhAcArya karNATaka zabdAnuzAsana kI bhUmikA, karNATaka vicarite, aura rAjAvali kathe / ) unis munipa - dezIgaNa pustakagaccha ke kanakagiri (kAla) ke bhaTTAraka the| zaka saM0 1735 (vi0 saM0 1870) san 1813 I0 meM inhoMne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA / (epi karNA TikA 4 cAmarAjanagara 146 aura 150 ) aMkadeva - inheM prakalaMka pratiSThA pATha yA pratiSThAkalpa ke racayitA kahA jAtA hai| isa anya meM vAM zatAbdI se lekara somasena ke trivarNAcAra (upalabdha prAconatama prati ) 1702 I0 ke ullekha yA uddharaNa Adi pAye jAte haiN| ataH inakA samaya 18vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha ho sakatA hai / ( prazasti saM0 zrArA pR0 165,168, 180 // ) akalaMka-- 'paramAgamasAra' nAmaka kannar3a grantha ke racayitA / (dekho, jaina si0 bha0 ArA kI grantha sUcI pR0 18 ) akalaMka -- cayavandanAdi pratikramaNa sUtra, sAdhu zrAddha pratikramaNa aura padaparyAya maMjarI Adi ke kartA / nyAya kumudacanda prastAvanA pu0 50 paravAdimalla yaha apane samaya ke bahuta bar3e vidvAna the| inakI guru paramparA jJAta nahIM huii| para yaha paravAdimalla ke rUpa meM prasiddha the / malliSeNa prazAsti meM patravAdI vimalacandra maura indranandi ke varNana ke pazcAt ghaTavAda ghaTA koTikoviMda paravAdi malladeva kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| aura rAjA zubhatuMga kI sabhA meM unhIM ke mukha se apane nAma kI sArthakatA isa prakAra batalAI gaI hai :--- ghaTAva ghaTA koTi-koSivaH koSiyAM pravAk : paravA vimalla- bebo veba eSa na saMzayaH // 28 zrUNi - yeneyamAtmanAmadheyanara tiruktAnAma] pRSThavantaM kRSNarAjaM prati / gRhIta pakSaH ditaraH paraH syAt tadvAvinaste para vAdinaH syuH / teSAM ho mallaH paravAvimallaH tannAma mannAma vadanti santaH // 26 isa ullekha para se spaSTa hai ki IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM paravAdimalla kI gaNanA mahAnavAdI aura prAcIna prAcAryoM meM kI jAtI thI / parantu usa samaya loga unake mUla nAma ko bhUla cuke the| paravAdImalla kalaMka deva kI paramparA ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiM /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 paravAdimalla ke samakAlIna rAjA, jisakI sabhA meM unhoMne grapane nAma kI sArthakatA prakaTa kI thI, rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNarAja prathama zubhaturaMga (757 - 773 ) thA / saMbhava hai inhIM paravAdimalla ne dharmottara kRta nyAyavindu TippaNa para TIkA likhI ho| prataeva ina paravAdi malla prathama kA samaya 7:30 se 800 ke lagabhaga ho sakatA hai| Jia yaha prazasti malliSeNa muni ke zaka saM0 1050 (san 1928) meM unake zarIra tyAga karane kI smRti meM utkIrNa kI gaI thii| ukta prazasti meM kalaMka kA sAhasaturaMga kI sabhA meM vAdiyoM ko apane nAma ke artha kA karanA isa bAta kA sAkSI hai ki prazastikAra ina do rAjAoM ko pRthak samajhate the / isa prazasti meM aneka prAcIna prAcAryo ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| mahAvAdI samantabhadra, mahAdhyAnI siMhanandi, SaNmAsavAdI vakrayIva, navastrotakArI vacanandi, trilakSaNakadarzana ke kartA pAtrakesarI guru, sumati saptaka ke racayitA sumatideva, mahAprabhAvazAlI kumArasena, muni zreSTha cintAmaNi, daNDi kavi dvArA smRta kavi cUr3AmaNi zrI vardhadeva aura saptativAda vijetA mahezvara muni ke bAda ghaTAvatIrNa lArAdevI ke vijetA akalaMka deva kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| isase isa prazasti kI mahattA spaSTa hai / raviSeNAcArya raviSeNAcArya ne apane saMgha aura gaNa-gacchAdi kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| parantu senAnta nAma hone se ve senasaMgha ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiM / inhoMne apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha nimna prakAra prakaTa kiyA haisavindraguro divAkara yatiH ziSyo'sya cAnmunistasmAlakSmaNasena sanmuniravaH ziSyo rabistu smRtam // indra guru ke divAkara yati, divAkara yati ke pranmuni, panmuni ke lakSmaNasena, aura lakSmaNasena ke ziSya raviSeNa the| isake sivAya inhoMne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyaa| aura na yahI sUcita kiyA ki ve kisa prAnta ke nivAsI the / inake mAtApitA kauna the, unakA gRhastha jIvana kaisA rahA? aura munijIvana kaba dhAraNa kiyA aura usameM kyA kucha kArya kiyA / isakA koI ulelkha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| ApakI eka mAtra kRti padmacarita yA balabhadra caritra hai| jo saMskRta bhASA kA eka sundara caritra grantha hai| isameM 123 parva haiM jinakI zloka saMkhyA bosa hajAra ke lagabhaga hai / grantha meM vosaveM toyaMkara munisuvrata ke tIrtha meM hone vAle balabhadra yA rAma kA carita varNita hai| maryAdA 7ruSottama rAmacandra itane adhika loka priya hue haiM ki unakA varNana bhAratIya sAhitya meM hI nahIM kintu bhArata se bAhara ke sAhitya meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai| aura saMskRta prAkRta apabhraMza Adi prAcIna bhASAoM meM bhora prAntIyabhASAoM meM bhI unakA jIvana paricaya nibaddha milatA hai / AcArya raviSeNa ne likhA hai ki tIrthaMkara varddhamAnane padma muni kA jo carita kahA thA vahI indrabhUtigaNadhara ne dhAriNI putra sudharmako kahA, aura sudharma ne jaMbU svAmI se kahA / aura vahI prAcArya paramparA se AtA huA uttara vAgmI aura zreSTha vaktA kIrtidhara zrAcArya ko prApta huaa| unake likhe hue caritra ko pAkara raviSeNa ne yaha prayatna kiyA hai|' itanA hI nahIM kintu antima 123veM parva ke 166 veM zloka meM unhoMne isI prakAra ullekha kiyA 1. varddhamAna jinendroktaH so'yamarthI gaNezvarama 1 indrabhUti pariprAptaH sudhaH dhAriNI bhavam // 41 prabhavaM kamalaH kIrti tato'nuttara vAgminam / likhataM tasya samprApya raveyaMsno'yamudagataH // 42 //

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya 157 nidiSTaM sakalamatena bhuvanaH zrIvarddhamAnena yat / tatvaM vAsava bhUtinA nigavitaM jamboH praziSyasya ca / ziSyeNotsara vAgminA prakaTitaM payasya vasaM muneH / zreyaH sAdhu samAdhi vRddhi karaNaM sarvottama maGgalam // 166 apabhraMza bhASA ke kati svayaMbhane pama carita ke AdhAra se "kittihareNa anuttaravAeM" vAkya ke sAtha anuttara vAgmI zreSTha baktA kItidhara kA ullekha kiyA hai / parantu premI jI ne isakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| isase spaSTa hai ki raviSeNa ne padmamuni kA carita kIrtidhara nAma ke prAcArya ke dvArA likhita kisI grantha para se le liyA hai aura usI ke anusAra isakI racanA kI gaI hai| para kItighara AcArya kA anya koI ullekha isa samaya upalabdha nahIM hai / aura na anyatra se usakA samarthana hotA hai| jAna par3atA hai unakA yaha grantha vinaSTa ho gayA hai| isa taraha bahuta sA prAcIna sAhitya sadA ke liye lupta ho gayA hai| yahAM yaha avazya vicAraNIya hai ki bimala sUri ke 'paumacarita' ke sAtha raviSeNa kI isa racanA kA bahuta kucha sAmya aneka sthaloM para dikhAI detA hai / idhara paumacariya kA vaha racanA kAla bhI saMdigdha hai| vaha usa kAla kI racanA nahIM hai| prazasti meM jo paramparA dI gaI hai usakA bhI samarthana anyatra se nahIM ho rahA hai| prantha kI bhASA aura racanA zailI ko dekhate hue vaha usa kAla kI racanA nahIM jAna pdd'tii| usa samaya mahArASTrIya prAkRta kA itanA prAMjala rUpa sAhityika racanA meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| aura anya ke pratyeka uddezya ke anta meM gAhiNI, zarabha prAdi chandoM kA, goti meM yamaka aura pratyeka sargAnta meM vimala zabda kA prayoga bhI isako arvAcInatA kA hI dyotaka hai| isa sambandha meM abhI aura gaharA vicAra karane tathA anya pramANoM ke anveSaNa karane ko AvazyakatA hai / para kuvalaya mAlA' (vi0 saM0 835 ke lagabhaga) meM donoM kA ullekha hone se yaha nizcita hai ki paumacarita aura panavarita donoM ho usase pUrva kI racanA haiM isase pUrva kA anya koI ullekha mere dekhane meM hI nahIM paayaa| ataH baha mahAvIra nirvANa se 530 (vi0 saM060) kI racanA nahIM ho sktii| punnATa saMghI jinasena (zaka saM0 705) ne raviSeNa aura unake padhacarita kA ullekha kiyA hai| pakSacarita eka saMskRta padmabaddha carita kAvya hai / isameM mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa maujuda haiN| grantha kI parva saMkhyA 123 hai| isameM pAThaveM balabhadra rAma, aura AThaveM nArAyaNa lakSmaNa, bharata sItA, janaka, maMjanA padanaMjaya, bhAmaMDala, hanumAna, aura rAkSasavaMzI rAvaNa, vibhISaNa aura sugrIvAdika kA paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai aura prasaMgavaza aneka kathAnaka saMkalita haiN| rAma kathA ke aneka rUpa haiM / jaina granthoM meM isake do rUpa milate haiN| anya meM sItA ke prAdarza kI sundara jhAMko prastuta kI gaI hai / aura rAma ke jIvana kI mahattA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA 1. paMcevayavAsamayA dusamAe tIsavarisa saMjuttA / vIre siddhamuvamae tao nibaddha hama cariya // 103 -pauma cariya prazasti 2. dekho, paumacariu kA antaH parIkSaNa, anekAna varSa 5 kiraNa 10-11 pR. 337 3. jArasiyaM vimalako vimalako tArisa lahai atthaM / amayamaiyaM ca sarasaM sarasaM ciya pAibha jassa / / jehi kae ramaNijje varaMgapa umANacariyavitthAre / kahagha Na salAha Nijje te kaiNo jar3iya-raviseNo / -kuvalayamAlA 4. kRtapadyodayo dyotA pratyahaM parivartitA ! mata: kAvyamayI lokerave riva rave: priyA / / 34 harivaMza purANa 1-34

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158 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 hai / rUpa saundarya ke citraNa meM kavi ne kamAla kara dikhAyA hai| grantha meM carita ke sAtha vana, parvata, nadiyoM aura Rtu prAdi ke prAkRtika dRzyoM, janma vivAhAdi sAmAjika utsavoM, zRMgArAdi rasoM, hAva-bhAva vilAsoM tathA sampatti vipatti meM sukha-dukhoM ke utAra car3hAva kA hRdayagrAhI citraNa kiyA gayA hai| dhArmika upadezoM kA yathAsthAna varNana diyA huA hai / prasaMgAnusAra aneka rocaka kathAoM ko jor3akara grantha ko zrAkarSaka aura ruci pUrNa banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / granthakartA ne prANiyoM ke karmaphaloM ko dikhalAne meM adhika rasa liyA hai| kyoMki unake sAmane naitikatA kA zuSka Adarza nahIM thA / chandoM ki dRSTi se grantha meM AryA, vasantatilakA, mandAkrAntA, hutavilambita, rathoddhatA, zikhariNI, dodhaka vaMzastha, upajAti, pRthvI, upendravajrA sragdharA, indravacA, bhujaMgaprayAta, viyoginI, puSpitAgrA, toTaka, vidyunmAlA hariNI, catuSpadikA aura kAryagIti Adi chandoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa saba vivecana se padmacarita kI mahattA kA sahaja pranubhava ho jAtA hai / raviSeNAcArya ne padmacarita kA nirmANa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirmANa se 1203 varSa chaha mahIne vyatIta hone para vi0 saM0 734 (san 67760) ke lagabhaga kiyA hai| jaisA ki usakI prazasti ke nimna padya se spaSTa hai| dvizatAnyadhike samAsahasra samatIte'rdhacaturtha varyayukte / jina bhAskara varddhamAna siddhe caritaM pacamuneridaM nivacam // 1185 zAmakuNDAcArya zAmakaMDAcArya apane samaya ke bar3e vidvAna the| inhoMne paddhati rUpa TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA thA / yaha TIkA SaTkhaMdAgama ke chaThaveM khaNDa ko chor3akara Adi ke pAMca khaMDoM para tathA dUsare siddhAntagrantha kaSAya prAbhRta para thI / yaha TIkA paddhati rUpa thI / vRtti sUtra ke viSama padoM ke bhaMjana ko vizleSaNAtmaka vivaraNa ko paddhati kahate haiM- "vitti (jaya dha0 prastA0 suttavisama - - padabhaMjiyAe vivaraNAe paMjiyAvavaesAdo sutta vitti vivaraNAe paDhAI va esAdo", pR0 12 Ti0) isase jAna par3atA hai ki zAmakuNDAcArya ke sammukha koI vRddhi sUtra rahe haiN| jinakI unhoMne paddhati farari | saMbhava hai ki zAmakuNDAcArya ke samakSa yativRSabhAcArya kRta vRtti sUtra hI rahe hoM, jina para bAraha hajAra zloka pramANa paddhati racI ho / indra nandi ne zrutAvatAra meM usakA ullekha kiyA hai : sakatA / kAle tataH kimapi gate punaH zAmakuNDasaMzena / prAcAryeNa zAsvA dvimeva madhyAgamaH kArayat / / 162 vAvA guNita sahasraM granthaM siddhAntayorabhayo / vaSThena vinA khaNDena pRthu mahAbandha saMzena / / 163 zAmakuNDAcArya kA samaya saMbhavataH sAtavIM zatAbdI ho, isa viSaya meM nizcayataH kucha nahIM kahA jA bAvanananvimuni yaha tamila vyAkaraNoM- tolakApiyama, bhagatiyam tathA avinayam nAmaka vyAkaraNa pranthoM ke jJAtA ho nahIM the kintu saMskRta vyAkaraNa jainendra meM bhI pravINa the / inhoMne ziva gaMga nAma ke sAmanta ke manurodha para 'nannU lU' nAma ke vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI thii| yaha grantha sabase adhika pracalita hai, isa graMtha para aneka TIkAe haiN| unameM mukhya TIkA mallinAtha kI hai| yaha graMtha skUla aura kAlejoM meM pAThyakrama ke rUpa meM nirdhArita hai| jainendra vyAkaraNa ke jJAtA hone ke kAraNa inakA samaya pUjyapAda ke bAda honA caahiye| arthAt yaha IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM /

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155 pA~cavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya yaha divAkara yati ke ziSya the| papacarita ke kartA raviSeNa bhI inhIM kI paramparA meM haeraviSeNa ne padyacarita kI racanA vIra ni0 saMvata 1203 san 647 meM kI hai mataH indra guru kA samaya IsAkI 7vIM sadIkA pUrvAdha honA caahiye| devasena isa nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| unameM prathama devasena ke haiM, jinakA ullekha zaka saM0 622 sana 11 .vi0 saM0757) ke candragiri parvata ke eka zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai| mahAmani debasena vratapAla kara svargavAsI hue| ... (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 zlesa naM. 32 (113) baladeva guru maha kittara meM vellAda ke dharmasena muru ke ziSya the| inhoMne sanyAsavrata kA pAlana kara zarIra kA parityAga kiyA thA, yaha lekha lagabhaga zaka saM0622 san 700 kA hai| mata: inakA samaya sAtavIM zatAbdIkA antima caraNa (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 lekha naM07 (24) pR0 4) upasena guSa yaha malanUra ke niguru ke ziSya the| inhoMne eka mahIne kA sanyAsa vrata lekara samatAbhAva se zarIra kA parityAga kiyA thaa| lekha kA samaya zaka saM0 622 san 700 hai| ata: inakA samaya IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa hai| (baina lekha saMgraha mA0 1. pR0 4) punatena bhuni ye pragali ke bhAMti guru ke ziSya guNasena ne vRtAcaraNa kara svargavAsI hue| yaha lekha zaka saM0622 san 700 IsvI kA hai| (jena lekha saMgra0 mA 1 pR0 4) nAgasenaguru yaha RSabhasena guru ke ziSya the| inhoMne saMnyAsa---vidhi se zarIra kA parityAga kara devasoka prApta kiyaa| lekha kA samaya lagabhaga zaka saM0622 san 700hai| {jaina lesa saM.bhA.1 pR. 6) siMhalantiguru yaha veTTa ne guru ke ziSya the| inhoMne bhI sanyAsa vidhi se zarIra kA parityAga kiyA thaa| yaha lekha bhI saka saM0622 sana 700 kA ulkIrNa kiyA. sudhA hai| pata: siMhanandi guru,IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna hai| (jaina lekha saM0 bha.1 pR0.7) ----- -..-..

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 guNadeva sUri ye zAstra vedI the| bar3e tapasvI aura kaSTa sahiSNu the / inhoMne kalavappa parvata ke zikhara para samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka prArAdhanAoM kA mArAdhana kara veha tyAga kiyA thaa| inakA samaya anumAnataH lagabhaga zaka sa0 622 san (-jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 le. 160 pR0 308) guNa kotiinhoMne candragiri para dehotsarga kiyA thaa| yaha zilAlekha zaka saM0 622 san 700 I0 kA hai| jana lekha saM bhA0 1 le0 301105) pR. 13 tela moli devara (tolAmolitterava) tela moli devara (tolA moli terava)- ye tamila bhASA ke kavi the| inhoMne 'cUr3AmaNi' nAma kA eka tamila jaina grantha rAjA sekata (650I0) ke rAjya kAla meM unake pitA rAjA mAra varmana avetIcalamana kI smati meM banAyA thaa| yaha eka laghu kAvya grantha hai, isakI racanA zailI 'jIvaka cintAmaNi' ke Dhaga kI hai| tamilanADa meM purAtana samaya se bhAvI bAtoM kI sUcanA dene vAle jyotiSayoM kI eka jAti rahI hai, jise 'nAdana' kahate haiM / isameM bhaviSyavaktA kA prabhAva, baghU dvArA vara kA cunAva / yuddha meM vIroM ke prAcaraNa, bahuvivAha kI prathA Adi kA varNana hai| isakI kathA bhU-loka aura svarga loka donoM se sambandha rakhatI hai| prabhApati rAjA kI do patniyAM thIM, donoM se usake do putra hue / eka kA nAma vijayaMta, jo gaura varNa thaa| dUsare kA nAma tiviTTana thA, jo kRSNa varNa thaa| donoM bAlaka atyanta sundara the| eka dina bhaviSyavaktA ne Akara kahA ki tivaTTana kA vivAha svarga loka kI eka apsarA se hogA / usI samaya apsarAtroM kI rAnI ko bhI apanI kanyA ke vivAha ke sambandha meM aisA hI svapna huA / anta meM donoM kA vivAha sampanna ho gyaa| isameM tiviTTana kI kathA paura apsarA kI kanyA ke sAtha vivAha Adi kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| aura kathA ke anta meM rAjA kA rAjya parityAga kara sanyAsI hone kA unlekha hai| sAtha meM jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kavi kA samaya bhI 650 IsvI hai| candranandi candranandi:-ziSya kumAranandi kA ullekha zrI puruSa ke dAna-patra meM pAyA jAtA hai, jo zaka saM0678 san 776 (vi0 saM0833) kA utkIrNa kiyA huA hai| aura jo zrIpura ke jinAlaya ko diyA gayA thaa| isameM candranandi kA samaya IsA kI 5vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla sunizcita hai| jayaveba paMDina jayadeva paMDita-mUlasaMghAmbaya devagaNa zAkhA ke rAmadevAcArya ke ziSya the| inake ziSya vijayadeva paMDitAcArya ko zaMkha vasti ke dhabala jinAlaya ke lie zaka saM0656 (vi0 saM0 761) meM vijaya saMvatsara dvitIya meM mAgha pUrNimA ko kucha bhUmi pazcimI cAlukya vikramAditya dvitIya ne dI thii| jaina lekha saM0 bhA02 lekha naM0115 vijayakoti-muni yApanIya nandisaMgha puMnAgavRkSa mUlagaNa ke vidvAnoM kI paramparA meM kUvilAcArya ke ziSya the| inake ziSya

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka ke AcArya arkakIti ko zaka saM. 735 (san 113) meM jeTha mahIne ke zakla pakSa kI dazamI candravAra ke dina zilAgrAma ke jinendra bhavana ko jAla maMgala nAma kA gAMva sakta arkakIti ko dAna meM diyA gayA thA / ataH vijayakIrti kA samaya IsA kI 8vIM zatAbdI hai| (jaina lekha saM0 bhA02 pR0 137) vimalacaMdrAcArya mUlasaMgha ke mandisaMghAnvaya meM eregitta nAmaka gaNa meM aura pulikala gaccha meM candranandi guru he| inake ziSya mUni kumAranandi the, jo vidvAnoM meM agraNI the| ina kumAranandi ke ziSya jinavANI dvArA apanI korti ko arjana karane vAle kIrtinandyAcArya hue| kotinandhAcArya ke priya ziSya bimala candrAcArya he| jo ziSyajanoM ke mithyAjJAnAndhakAra ke vinAza karane ke lie sUrya ke samAna the| maharSi vimalacandra ke dharmopadeza se nigundra yuvarAja jinakA pahalA lAma 'duNDu' thA aura jo bANa kulake nAzaka the| inake putra pRthivI nirgundrarAja hae / inakA pahalA nAma parabhagUla thA inakI patnI kA nAma kundAcci thaa| jo sagara kulatilaka maruvarmA kI putrI thI, mora inakI mAtA pallavAdhirAja kI priya putrI thI jo maruvarmA kI patnI thii| kundAcci ne zrIpura kI uttara dizA meM lokatilaka nAma kA jinamandira banavAyA thaa| usakI maramata naI vRddhi, devapUjA aura dAna dharma mAdi kI pravRtti ke liye pathivI nirgundrarAja ke kahane se mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara thI jasahitadeva ne nigundra deza meM Ane vAle ponnalli grAma kA dAna saba karoM aura bAdhAoM se mukta karake diyaa| lekha meM isa gAMva kI sImA dI huI hai| cUMki yaha lekha zaka saM068 san 776 I0 meM utkIrNa kiyA gayA thaa| ataH vimala candrAcArya kA samaya 776 IsvI hai| (jana lekha saMgraha bhA0210 106) isa lekha meM vimala candrAcArya kI guru paramparA kA ullekha diyA hupA hai / jinake nAma Upara diye hae haiN| kIsinandi-yaha vimala candrAcArya ke guru the| inakA samaya ukta lekhAnusAra san 756 honA caahie| vizeSavAdi yaha apane samaya ke viziSTa vidvAna the| isI se jinasena aura vAdirAja ne unakA smaraNa kiyA hai| punnATasaMghI jinasena ne harivaMzapurANa meM unakA smaraNa nimna rUpa meM kiyA hai: yo'zeSokti vizeSeSu vizeSaH pdygdyyoH| vizeSavASitA tasya vishesstryvaadinH||37 jo gadya padya sambandhI samasta viziSTa uktiyoM ke viSaya meM vizeSa--tilakarUpa haiM, tathA jo vizeSatraya (graMtha vizeSa) kA nirUpaNa karane vAle haiN| aise vizeSavAdI kavi kA vizeSa vAdIpanA sarvatra prasiddha hai| zAkaTAyana meM apane eka sUtra meM kahA hai ki-'upa vizeSavAdinaM kavayaH' / (13104) sAre kavi vizeSa bAdi se nIce haiN| prAcAryavAdirAja ne bhI pArzvanAthacarita meM unake 'vizeSAbhyudaya' kAvya kI prazaMsA kI hai 1 jo gadya padA maya mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM prasiddha hogA / zAkaTAyana yApanIya saMgha ke vidvAna the premIjI ne vizeSavAdI ko yApanIya likhA hai 1 inakA samaya zaka saM0 705 (vI0 saM0840) san 783se pUrvavartI hai| saMbhavataH vizeSavAdI pAThavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna hoN| 1. vizeSa vAdigImumphazravaNAsaktabuddhayaH / aklezAdadhi gacchanti vizeSAbhyudayaM budhAH / / -dAdirAja pArzvanAtha carita

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 caMdrasena yaha paMca stUpAnvaya ke vidvAna muni the / yaha vIrasena ke dAdA guru aura bhAryanandi ke guru the| inakA samaya IsA kI bIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai / 162 zrAryanaMdi yaha paMca stUpAnvaya ke vidvAna the aura vIrasena ke dIkSA guru the| aura candrasena ke ziSya the / 1 inakA samaya bhI IsA kI vIM zatAbdI honA cAhie / elAcArya elAcArya kisa anvaya yA gaNa- gaccha ke vidvAna zrAcArya the, yaha kucha jJAta nahIM hotaa| siddhAnta zAstroM ke vizeSa jJAtA vidvAna the, maura mahAna tapasvI the / aura citrakUTapura (cittaur3a) ke nivAsI the / inhIM se vIrasena ne sakala siddhAnta pratthoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| isI kAraNa elAcArya vIrasena ke vidyA guru the / vIrasena ne inase paT khaNDA gama aura kasA pAhuDa kA parijJAna kara dhavalA saura jaya dhavalA TIkAkSoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalA TIkA prazasti meM elAcArya kA nimna zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai :--- jassa pasAeNa mae siddhaMta midaM hi zrahilayaM / mahuso elAiriyo pasiyau vara vIraseNassa // 1 // vIrasenAcArya ne apanI dhavalATIkA zaka saM0 738 san 811 meM banAkara samApta kI / zrataH ina elAcArya kA samaya san 775 se 800 ke madhya honA caahie| kumAranandI ye apane samaya ke viziSTa vidvAna the| AcArya vidyAnanda ne pramANa parIkSA meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai / tatvArthaM zloka vArtika pR0 280 meM kumAranandi ke vAdanyAya kA ullekha kiyA hai :kumAranandinacAhurvAdinyAya vicakSaNAH / patra parIkSA ke pRSTha 3 meM 'kumAranandibhaTTArake rapisvavAdanyAye nigaditatvAt" likhakara nimna kAri kA uddhRta kI haiM " pratipAdyAnurodhena prayogeSu punaryayaH / pratijJA procyate : tayodAharaNAdikam // 1 na caivaM sAdhanasyaika lakSaNatvaM virudhyate / hetulakSaNatApAyAdanyAMzasya tathoditam // 2 1. ajjajjadi simserAjjuba kammarasa caMdase rAssa / taha suveNa paMcashRSyaM bhAgaNA muzirA || ghavalA prazasti 2. kAle gate kityapi tataH punazcitrakUTapuravAsI / zrImAlAcAryA abhUva siddhAntatattvataH / / 177 der samIpe sakalaM siddhAntamadhItya vIrasenaguruH / uparitama nibandhanAdyadhikArAtaSTa ca lilekha ||178 indranandi zrutAvatA

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pAMcavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM pAtAbdI taka ke AcArya anyathAnupaparoka lakSaNaM liGga mngyte| prayoga paripATI tu prtipaadyaamurosstH||3 ye kArikAe' kumAranandi ke vAdanyAya kI haiN| kheda hai ki yaha grantha aprApya hai| ina ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki kumAranandi kA vAdanyAya nAma kA koI mahatvapUrNa tarka grandha prasiddha rahA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kumAranandi bhaTTAraka vidyAnanda se pUrvavartI hai| aura pAtrakesarI se bAda ke jAna par3ate haiM kyoMki vAdanyAya ke ukta padya meM hetu ke anyathAnupapatyeka lakSaNa kA ullekha hai| gaMgavaMza ke pRthvIkoMgaNi mahArAja ke eka dAnapatra meM jo zakasaM0 668 I0 san 776 meM utkIrNa humA hai, usameM mUlasaMgha ke nandisaMghasthita candra-nandi ko diye gae dAna kA ullekha hai| usameM kumAranandi kI guru paramparA kaladeva ke pAsa-pAsa ke vidvAna haiM, kyoMki inake dAdanyAya para siddhi vinizcaya ke jalpasiddhi prakaraNa kA prabhAva hai| udayadeva yaha mUla saMghAnvayI devagaNazAkhA ke vidvAna the| inheM 'niravadya paMDita' bhI kahate the / yaha prAcArya pUjyapAdake ziSya the| inheM zaka saM0 651 san 756 (vi0 saM0 706) ke phAlguna mahIne ko pUrNimA ke dina nerUragAMva se prApta tAmrapatra ke anusAra mahArAjAdhirAja vijayAditya ne apane rAjya ke 34 ve varSa meM jaba ki usakA vijaya skAndhAbAra raktapura nagara meM thA pulikara nagara kI dakSiNa sImA para base hue kardama gAMva kA dAna' apane pitA ke purohita udayadeva paMDita ko, jo pUjyapAdake ziSya the, pulikara nagara meM sthita zaha jinendra mandira ke hitArtha diyA thaa| siMhAtakIti yaha kanda kundAnvaya nandi saMgha ke vidvAna the| jo siddhAntavAdI the mora dijanoM se vandhanIya tathA hummaca ke rAjA jinadattarAya ke guru the| jinakA samaya san 730 batalAyA gayA hai / (jaina lekha saM0 bhA03 1051) elavAcArya koNDa kandAnvaya ke bhadrAraka kumAranandi ke hita the| inake ziSya vardhamAna guru the jinheM sana meM 'vadaNe guppe' grAma zrI vijaya jinAlaya ke lie diyA gayA thaa| ataeva inakA samaya bhI vahI arthAta sana ..se 520 taka ho sakatA hai| 1. vidyananda ne isa padya ko "tathA cAbhyAdhAyi kumAranandi bhaTTArakaH" vAkya ke sAtha uddhRta kiyA hai| 2. dekho, jaina lekha saMgraha bhA0 2 lekhana0 121 10 106 3. "eka paJcAzaduttara paTchateSu zakavasvAtIteSu pravartamAna vijaya-rAjya saMvatsare canustrize vartamAna zrI --raktapuramadhivasati-vijaya-skandhAvora phAlgunamAse pauNamAsyAm" diyA huA hai| (-i.e. 7 pra0 11 naM. 36 dvitIyamAga 4. zrI kunda-kundAnvaya-nandi-saMghe yogIza-rAjyena mlaa......| jAtA mahAnto jita-vAdi-pakSAH cAritra veSAguNaratna bhUSAH 1) siddhAntIti jinadattarAya praNUta pAdo jayatIya yomaH / siddhAntavAdI jina vAdI bandhaH / / janalekha saM0 bhA. 31.515

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adhyAya 3 vijaya deva paMDitAcArya mahAsena (sulocanAkathA ke kartA) sarvanandi kavilAcArya vAvIsiMha akaMkIti vIrasena (dhavalATIkA ke kartA) jayasena amitasena kotiSaNa zrIpAladeva jinasenAcArya (punnATa saMdhI) jinasenAcArya dhArathaguru guNabhadrAcArya lokasena zAkaTAyana (pAlya kIti) upavityAcArya mahAvIrAcArya aparAjitaguru zrIdeva svayaMmUkavi abhayanandhi anantavIrya devendrasaiddhAntika kaladhauta nandi siddhabhUSaNa sarvanandi havIM aura 10vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya gurukItimunIzvara indrakIti aparAjitasari (zrI vijaya) amitagati prathama vinayasena amRtacandra ThAkura rAmasena indranandi (jvAlAmAlinI grantha ke kartA) gurudAsa bAhubali deva kanakasena sarvanandi bhaTTAraka nAgavarma prathama nAgavarma dvitIya AcArya mahAsena pAdipaMpa kavi paunna mahAkavi ratna guNandi yazodeva nemidevAcArya mahendra deva somadeva traikAla yogIza kadhi prasaga vimalacandra munIndra mahAmuni ghaRgrIva helAcArya

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166 prAcArya vidyAnanda zrAnandI jayakIrti badhnanvI bandhuSeNa elAcArya guNacandra paMDita anaMta kIrti anantakIrti nAmake anya vidvAna maunibhaTTAraka hariSeNa bharatasena hariSeNa kavi hariSeNa anantavIrya devasena (bhaTTAraka) bevasena toraNAcArya devAcArya zrAyasena kumArasena kanakasena ajita senAcArya nAganandI jayasena gollAcArya anantavIrya anantavIrya indranandI prathama vAsavanandI rabindra rAmasiMha padmakata jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2

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vijayadeva paMDitAcArya vijayadeva paNDitAcArya mUlasaMdhAnbaya devagaNa ke vidvAna rAmadevAcArya ke praziSya aura jayadeva paMDita ke ziSya the / inheM pazcimI cAlukya vikramAditya dvitIya ne zaka saM0 656 (vi0 saM0761) meM dvitIya vijaya rAjya saMvatsara meM mAgha pUrNimA ke dina pUlikanagara ke zaMkhatIrthavasti ke tathA dhavala jinAlaya kA jIrNeddhAra karane aura jinapUjA vRddhi ke liye dAna diyaa| dekho, jana lekha saM0 bhA0 2 10 104 mahAsena-(sulocanA phayA ke vartA) sulocanA kathA ke kartA mahAsena kA koI paricaya upalabdha nahIM hai| aura na unakI pAvana kRti salocanA nAma kI kathA hI upalabdha hai| harivaMza purANakAra (zaka saM0705) ne grantha kI utthAnikA meM mahAsena kI salocanA kathA kA ullekha kiyA hai, aura batalAyA hai ki 'zIlarUpa pralaMkAra dhAraNa karane vAlI, sunetrA aura madhurA vanitA ke samAna mahAsena kI sulocanA-kathA kI prazaMsA kasane nahIM kii| mahAsenasya madhurA shiilaalNkaardhaarinnii| kathA na vaNitA kena baniteva sulocanA / / kuvalaya mAlA ke kartA udyotana sUri (zaka saM0700) ne bhI sulocanA kathA kA nimna zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai: saNihiva jiNavariyA dhammakahAvavikSama rvaa| kahiyA jeNa su kahiyA suloyaNA samavasaraNaM va // 36 jisane samavasaraNa jaisI sukathitA sulocanA kathA khii| jisa taraha samavasaraNa meM jinendra sthita rahate hai aura dharma kathA sunakara rAjA loga dIkSita hote haiM, usI taraha sulocanA kathA meM bhI jinendra sannihita hai aura usameM rAjA ne dIkSA le lI hai| harivaMza purANa ke kartA dhavala kavi ne bhI sulocanA kathA kA muNi mahaseNu-suloyaNa jeNa' vAkyoM ke sAtha ullekha kiyA hai| ina saba ullekhoM se sulocanA kathA kI mahattA spaSTa hai / yaha kisa bhASA meM racI gaI, isakA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| yaha kathA zaka saM0705 (vi0 saM0835) se pUrvaracI gaI hai / usa samaya usakA mastitva thA, para bAda meM kaba vilupta huI, isakA koI spaSTa nirdeza prApta nahIM hai| saMbhava hai, yaha kisI anya bhaNDAra meM ho| sarvanandi sarvanandi bhaTTAraka zivanandi saiddhAntika ke ziSya the| prastuta sarvanandi devako zaka saM0 Eve (871 A.D) meM pazcimI gaMgavaMzIya satya vAkya kogunI varmana kI pora se eka dAna diyA gyaa| Ep. c. Coorg Inscriptions (Edi 1914) No. 2 viliyUra kA yaha zilAlekha (Biliur Stone Inscription) kA samaya zaka saM0806 (san 887) IsvI kA hai / satya vAkya kogunI varmana (pazcimI gaMga rAcamala prathama) ne viliyara ke 12 choTe gAMva hamlets zivanandi

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168 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 bhaTTAraka ke ziSya sarvanandi ko pene kaDaMga ( Pannekadonga) ke siddhAnta satyavAkya jina mandira ke liye diye the / jaina lekha saM0 bhA. 2 pR. 154 kUvilAcArya maha yApanIya nandi saMgha punnAga vRkSa mUlagaNazAstrA ke vidvAna the| jo vrata, samiti, gupti meM dRr3ha the aura munivRndoM ke dvArA vaMdita the | inake ziSya vijayI the, aura vikadi ke ziSya the| zaka maM0 725 san 803 (vi0 saM0 800) ke rAjaprabhUta varNa ne (govinda tRtIya ne ) jaba ve mayUra khaNDI ke apane vijayI vizrAma sthala meM Thahare hue the| cAkirAja kI prArthanA se 'jAlamaMgala' nAma kA gAMva muni kIrti ko zilAgrAma meM sthita jinendra bhavana ke liye diyA thA / dekho, jaina lekha saM0 bhA. 2 naM0 10 239 vAha kavi kA mUla nAma nahIM hai kintu eka upAdhi hai, jo vAdiyoM ke vijetA hone ke kAraNa unheM kAraNa hI unheM vAdIbha siMha kahA jAne lgaa| mUla nAma kucha aura hI honA cAhiye / vAdI siMha kA smaraNa jinasenAcArya ( I. 838) ne apane AdipurANa meM kiyA hai aura unheM utkRSTa koTi kA kavi, vAgmI aura gamaka batalAyA hai yathA prApta huI thI / upAdhi 1 kavitvasya parAsImA vAgmitasya paraM padam / reeteer paryanto vAvisihorvyate na keH // pArzvanAtha carita ke kartA vAdirAjasUri ( I0 1025) ne bhI vAdisiMha kA ullekha kiyA hai aura unheM syAdvAda kI garjanA karane vAlA tathA dignAga aura dharmakIrti ke abhimAna ko cUra-cUra karane vAlA batalAyA hai / syAdvAva girimAzritya bAvisihosya gajite / fasnAgasya madadhvaMse kIrtibhaMgoM na durghaTaH // ina ullekhoM se vAdIbhasiMha eka prasiddha dArzanika vidvAna jJAta hote haiM / unakI syAdvAdasiddhi unake dArza nika hone ko puSTa karatI hai / para zrAdipurANakAra ne unheM kavi aura vAgmI bhI batalAyA hai| isase unakI koI kAvya kRti bhI honI cAhiye / gadya cintAmaNi ke prazasti padya meM unhoMne apane guru kA nAma puSpasena batalAyA hai, aura likhA hai ki unakI zakti se hI mere jaisA svabhAva se mUDha buddhi manuSya vAdIbhasiMha, zreSTha munipane ko prApta ho sakA / zrI puSpasena muni nAya iti pratIto, divyo manuhaM vi savA mama saMvidhyAta / chavitataH prakRti mUkSmatirjano'pi vadarbhAsaha munipuGgavatAmupaiti / mahilaSeNa prazasti meM muni puSpasena ko akalaMka kA sadharmA gurubhAI likhA hai, ' aura usI meM vAdIbhita upAdhi se yukta eka yAcArya zrajitasena kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / 1. zrI puSpa munireva padamahimno devaH sa yasya samabhUta sa mahAna sadharmA | zrI vibhrama bhavanaM padmameva puSyeSu mizramiha yasya sahasradhAmA || 2. sakalabhuvanapAlAnAmUrbhAvabaddhasphurita mukuTacUDAlIDhapAdAravindaH / yadavadakhilavAdI bhendrakumbhaprabhedI gaNabhUdrajitaseno bhAtivAdIbhasiMha, / / - mallideza prazasti -- zilAlekha 54, padya 57

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navamI-dahAvI pAnAbdI ke AcArya gadya cintAmaNi ke antima do padyoM se spaSTa hai ki usakA nAma proDayadeva thA aura ve vAdI rUpI hAdhiyoM ko jItane ke liye siMha ke samAna the| unake dvArA racA gayA gadya cintAmaNi grantha sabhA kA bhUSaNa svarUpa thaa| proDaya deva vAdIbhasiMha pada ke dhAraka the| yadyapi vAdobhasiMha ke janma sthAna kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA to bhI proSDaya deva nAma se paM0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI ne anumAna lagAyA hai ki ve unheM tamila pradeza ke nivAsI the aura bI. zeSagirirAva ema.e. ne kaliMga ke gaMjAma jile ke grAsa-pAsakA nivAsI honA sUcita kiyA hai| gaMjAma jilA madrAsa ke ekarama usara meM hai jise aba ur3IsA meM jor3a diyA gayA hai| vahAM rAjya ke saradAroM ko oDeya aura goDeya nAma kI do jAtiyAM haiM, jinameM pArasparika sambandha bhI hai| ataeva unakI rAya meM vAdIbhasiMha janmataH proDeya yA ur3iyA saradAra hoNge| samaya cUMki malliSeNa prazasti meM muni puSpasena ko prakalaMka kA sagharmA likhA hai, aura vAdIbhasiMha ne unheM apanA guru batalAyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki vAdIbhasiMha akalaMka ke uttaravatIvidvAna haiN| prakalaMka ke nyAya vinizcayAdi granthoM kA bhI syAdvAdasiddhi para prabhAva hai| ataeva unheM akalaMka deva ke uttaravatI mAnane meM koI hAni nahIM hai| gadya cintAmaNi kI prastAvanA meM paM0 pannAlAla jI ne likhA hai ki gadya cintAmaNi ke kucha sthala vANabhadra ke harSa carita ke varNana ke anurUpa hai| vAdImasiMha kI gadya cintAmaNi meM jIvaMghara ke vidyAguru dvArA jo upadeza diyA gayA, vaha bANa kI kAdambarI ke zukanAsopedeza se prabhAvita hai-isase bAdIbhasiMha bANabhaTTa ke uttara vatI haiN| ___ syAdvAda siddhi ke chaThe prakaraNa kI 11 vIM kArikA meM bhaTTa aura prabhAkara kA ullekha hai aura unake abhi mata bhAvanA niyoga rUpa veda vAkyArtha kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| vAdI siMha ne kumArilla ke zloka vAtika se kaI kArikAeM uddhRta kara unakI AlocanA kI hai| unakA samaya IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| isase vAdIbhasiMha kA samaya IsA kI 8 vIM zatAbdI kA anta aura vIM kA pUrvArdha jAna par3anA hai| isa samaya ke mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM paatii| vizeSa ke liye syAdvAdasiddhi kI prastAvanA dekhanI caahiye| racanAeM vAdIsiMhago samaya ke pratibhA sampanna vidvAna prAcArya the| unake kavitva aura gamakatvAdiko prazaMsA bhAgavajjina sena ne kI hai| vAdIbhasiMha unakI upAdhi thI, ve tAkika vidvAna the| unakI tIna racanAeM prasiddha haisyAdvAdasiddhi, kSatracUr3AmaNi aura gadya cintAmaNi / sthAdvAva siddhi-yadyapi yaha grantha apUrNa hai phira bhI grantha meM 14 adhikAroM dvArA anuSTupa chandoM meM pratipAdya viSaya kA acchA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai |--jiivsiddhi, phalabhoktRtvAbhAvasiddhi, yugapadanekAnta siddhi zramAnekAnta siddhi, moktutvAbhAvasiddhi, sarvajJAbhAvasiddhi, jagatkartRtvAbhAvasiddhi, arhatsarvajJa siddhi, arthApatti prAmANya siddhi, veda pIruSeyatvasiddhi, parataH prAmANya siddhi, prabhAva pramANadUSaNasiddhi, tarka prAmANya siddhi, aura guNagaNI abhedsiddhi| inake bAda antima prakaraNa kI sAr3e chaha kArikAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| isase spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki grantha apUrNa hai| isa prakaraNa kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa koI puSpikA vAkya bhI upalabdha nahIM hotaa| jaisA ki anya prakaraNoM meM puSpikA vAkya upalabdha haiM yathA-"iti zrImadvAdIbhasiMhasUri viracitAyAM syAdvAda siddho cArvAkaM prati jIva siddhiH / " kSatracUDAmaNi-yaha ucca koTi kA nIti kAvya grantha hai / bhAratIya kAvya sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA mahatva 1. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa dUsarAsaM0 pR0 324 / 2. dekho, syAvAda siddhikI prastAvanA pR0 19-20

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170 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 pUrNa nIti kAvya grantha granyatra dekhane meM nahIM AyA / isako sarasa sUktiyAM aura upadeza hRdaya sparzI haiN| yaha padyAtmaka sundara racanA hai / isameM mahAkavi vAdI siMha ne kSatriyoM ke cUr3AmaNi mahArAja jIvaMdhara ke pAvana caritra kA atyanta rocaka DhaMga se varNana kiyA hai| kumAra jIvaMdhara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the| unhoMne zatru se apane pitA kA rAjya vApisa le liyA aura usakA ucita rIti se pAlana kara anta meM saMsAra ke deha, bhogoM se virakta ho bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sammukha daukSA lekara tapazcaraNa dvArA Atma-zuddhi kara avinAzI pada prApta kiyaa| graMtha kA kathAnaka AkarSaka aura bhASA sarala saMskRta hai / grantha prakAzita hai / gadya cintAmaNi- kSatracUDAmaNi aura gadyacintAmaNi kA kathAnaka eka aura kathA nAyaka pAtra bhI vahIM hai / sarga yA lamba bhI donoM ke gyAraha gyAraha haiN| ghaTanA sAdRzya bhI donoM kA milatA-julatA hai| gadyacintAmaNi gadyakAvya hai / bhASA praur3ha aura kaThina hai| isake kAvya patha meM padoM kI sundaratA, zravaNIya zabdoM kI racanA, sarala kathAsAra, cittAkarSaka vismayakArI klpnaaeN| hRdaya meM prasannotpAdika dharmopadeza, dharmase zraviruddha nItiyAM evaM rasa aura alaMkAroM kI puTane usameM cAra cAMda lagA diye haiN| prakRti varNana sarasa aura sundara hai / kathAnaka meM sAdRzya hote hue bhI pAThaka ko vaha navIna sA lagatA hai aura kavi kI adbhuta kalpanAeM pAThaka ke citta meM vismaya utpanna kara detI haiN| gadyakAvyoM kI zrRMkhalA meM gadyacintAmaNi kA mahatva pUrNa sthAna hai / arkakIrti yaha yApanIya nandisaMgha punAMga vRkSa mUlagaNa ke vidvAna the| inake guru kA nAma vijaya kIti aura praguru kA nAma kU bilAcArya thA jo vrata samiti gupti gupta muni vRndoM se vaMdita the, aura zrI kIrtyAcArya ke pranvaya meM hue the / varSa (prathama) ke pitA prabhUta varSa yA govinda tRtIya kA jo dAna patra kaDaMba (maisUra) meM milA hai, vaha zaka saM0 735 san 812 kA hai| jisameM zaka saMvata 735 vyatIta ho jAne para jyeSTha zuklA dazamI puSya nakSatra candravAra ke dina akIrti muni ke liye jAlamaMgala nAma kA eka grAma mAnyapura grAma ke zilAgrAma nAma ke jinendra bhavana ke liye dAna meM diyA thaa| kyoMki muni prakIrti ne jile ke zAsaka vimalAditya ko zanaizcara kI pIr3A se unmukta kiyA thA / (jena lekha saM0 bhAga 2 pU0 137 ) vIrasena bIrasena -- mUla saMgha ke 'paMcastUpAnvaya' ke vidvAna the / yaha paMcastUpAnvaya bAda meM senAnvaya yA sena- saMgha ke nAma se prasiddha huA hai / vIrasena ne apane vaMza ko 'paMcastUpAnvaya' hI likhA hai / mAcArya vIrasena candrasena ke praziSya aura prAryanandI ke ziSya the / unake vidyA guru elAcArya aura dIkSA guru AryanandI the| kAcAryavIrasena 1. ajjajjadi siraseNu jjuba - kammassa caMdameNasya / taha tuberA paMcatthUNayaM bhAraSaramA murigaNA // 4 yastapadIpta kiraNavyAmbhojAni voSayan / adyotiSTha sunInaH paJcastUpAcyAmbare / 20 praziSyazcandrasenasya yaH ziSyo'pyAyanandinAm / kulaM gaNaM ca santAnaM svagurudajijvalat // 21 -dhavalA prazasti -- jaya dhavalA prazasti 2 paMcaspA kI digambara paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai| AcArya hariSeNa kathAkoza meM baMra muni ke kathA ke nimna padma meM mathurA meM paMcastUpoM ke banAne jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai mahArAjana nirmANan khacitAn maNinAm kaH / pAdhimA samuccajina vezmanAm // AcArya vIrasena ne dhamalA TIkA meM aura unake pradhAna ziSya jinasena ne jayaghavalA TIkA prazasti meM paMcastUpAnvaya ke

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya ne apane ko gaNita, jyotiSa, nyAya, vyAkaraNa mora pramANa zAstroM meM nipuNa, tathA siddhAnta evaM chanda zAstra kA jJAtA batalAyA hai / prAcArya jinasena ne unheM vAdi mukhya, lokavita, bAgmI, aura kavi' ke atirikta zrutakevalI ke tulya batalAyA hai aura likhA hai ki --'unakI sarvArthagAminI prajJA ko dekha kara buddhimAnoM ko sarvajJa ko sattA meM koI zaMkA na hI rahI thii| siddhAnta kA unheM talasparzI pANDitya prApta thA / siddhAnta-samudra ke jala meM dhoI haI apanI zuddha buddhi se ve pratyeka buddhoM ke sAtha spardhA karate the| pUnnATa saMghIya jinasena ne unheM kaviyoM kA cakravartI aura nirdoSa kIti vAlA batalAyA hai 5 / jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadrane tamAma vAdiyoM ko prasta karane vAlA aura unake zarIra ko jJAna aura cAritra kI sAmagrI se banA huyA kaha hai| isase spaSTa hai ki vIrasena apane samaya ke mahAna vidvAna the / unhoMne citrakUTa meM jAkara elAcArya se siddhAnta granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| pazcAt ve guru kI anujJA prApta kara vATa pAma Aye, aura vahAM mAnatendra dvArA banavAye hue jinAlaya meM Tahare vahAM unheM bappadeva kI vyAkhyA prajJapti nAma kI TIkA prApta huI / isa TIkA ke adhyayana se vIrasena ne yaha anubhava kiyA ki isameM siddhAnta ke aneka viSayoM kA vivecana skhalita hai--chUTa gayA hai aura aneka sthaloM para saiddhAntika viSayoM kA sphoTana apekSita hai| chaThe khaNDa para koI TIkA nahIM likhI gaI / ataeva eka vRhatTIkA ke nirmANa kI prAvazyakatA hai / aisA vicAra kara unhoMne dhavalA aura jaya dhavalA TIkA likho| dalA dInA-gaha pada prAdAgama nemATA pAMca khaNDoM kI sabase mahatvapUrNa TIkA hai / TIkA prameya bahula hai| TokA hone para bhI yaha eka svatatra siddhAnta graMtha hai isameM TIkA kI zailIgata vizeSatAeM hai ho, para viSaya vivecana ----------- . :-.--- .-. . .candrasena aura AryanandI nAma ke do AcAryoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, jo AcArya vIrasena ke guru-guru the| ina donoM ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki paMcastUpAnvaya kI paramparA usa samaya cala rahI thI, aura vaha bahuta prAcIna kAla se prasAra meM A rahI thii| paMcastUpAnvaya ke saMsthApaka ahaMdavalI the, jinhoMne yuga pratikramaNoM ke samaya paNa nadI ke kinAre vividhi saMghoM kI sthApanA kI thii| paMcastapa Ni kAya ke AcArya guhanandI kA ullekha pahAr3apura ke tAmrapatra meM pAyA jAtA hai| jisameM gupta saMvat 156 san 458 meM nAtha zarmA brAhmaNa ke dvArA guhanandI ke bihAra meM arhantoM kI pUjA ke lie grAmoM aura azaphiyoM ke dene kA ullekha hai / (emigrAphiyA iMDikA nA 20 peja 51) 1. siddhAnta-chaMda-joisu vAyaraNa-pramANa sasthaNiueNa / -dhavalA prazasti 2. lokavitvaM kavitva pa sthitaM bhaTTArake dvayaM / vArimatA vAgmino yasya bAcA vAcaspatterapi // 56 ---mAdi purANa 3. yasya naisargikakI prajJA puSTavA sarvAgAminI / jAtAH sarvajJasamdAve nirArekA manISiNaH / / --jaya dhavalA pra021 4. prasiddhasiddhasiddhAntabAdhivASarSAtazuddhadhIH / sAI pratyeka bukhamaH spardhate ghodabuddhibhiH / / jayatha0 pra0 23 5. jitAtmaparalokasya kabInAM ckbtinH| vIrasena guruH kItirakalakA babhAsate || 39 harivaMza pa. 6. tatravitrAsittA zeSa pravAdi madavAraNaH / vIrasenAgraNI ghorasena bhaTTArako babhau // 3 jJAnacAritra sAmagrI mamahIdivigraham / / 4 / / uttara purANa pra0 7. Agatya citrakUTAptataH sabhagavAnguroranujJAnAt / vATapAme cAtrA'natendra kuta jinagahe sthiravA / / 176 (indanandi zrutA .) ... -..- -- - - - - ..

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172 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga kI dRSTi se yaha TIkA atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM vastutattva kA mamaM praznottarAM ke sAtha udghATita kiyA gayA hai| aura aneka pracIna uddharaNoM dvArA use puSTa kiyA gayA hai| jisase pAThaka SaT khaNDAgama ke rahasya se sahaja hI paricita ho jAte haiN| AcArya vIrasena ne isa TIkA meM aneka sAMskRtika upakaraNoM kA samAveza kiyA hai| nimitta, jyotiSa aura nyAya zAstra kI agaNita sUkSma bAtoM kA yathA sthAna kathana kiyA hai| TIkA meM dakSiNa pratipati zrIra uttara pratipatti rUpa do mAnyatAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| TIkA kI prAkRta bhASA praur3ha, muhAvaredAra aura viSaya ke anusAra saMskRta kI tarka zailI se prabhAvita hai / prAkRta gadya kA nikharA humrA svaccha rUpa vartamAna hai| sandhi aura samAsa kA yathA sthAna prayoga huA hai aura dArzanika zailI meM gambhIra viSayoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| TIkA meM kevala SaTkhaNDAgama ke sUtroM kA hI narma udghATita nahIM kiyA, kintu karma siddhAnta kA bhI vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / paura prasaMgavaza darzana zAstra kI maulika mAnyatAoM kA bhI samAveza nihita hai / loka ke svarUpa vivecana meM naye dRSTikoNa ko sthApita kiyA hai| apane samaya taka pracalita vartulAkAra loka kI pramANa prarUpaNA karake usa mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA hai; kyoMki isa prakriyA se sAta rAjU ghana pramANakSetra prApta nahIM hotA taba use bhAyatacaturastrAkAra hone kI sthApanA ko hai aura svayaMbhUramaNa samudra kI bAhyavedikA se pare bhI asaMkhyAta yojana vistRta pRthvI kA astitva siddha kiyA hai| samyaktva ke svarUpa kA vizeSa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| samyaktvonmukha jIva ke pariNAmoM kI bar3hatI huI vizuddhi aura usake dvArA zubha prakRtiyoM kA bandhaviccheda, satvaviccheda mora udaya viccheda kA kathana kiyA hai| aura jIva ke samyaktvonmukha hone para baMdhayogya karma prakRtiyoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai / prAcArya vIrasena gaNita zAstra ke viziSTa vidvAna the| isIlie unhoMne vRtta, vyAsa, paridhi, sUcIvyAsa, dhana, zrarddhaccheda ghAtAMka, valaya vyAsa ghora cApa Adi gaNita kI aneka prakriyAoM kA mahatvapUrva vivecana kiyA hai| gaNita zAstra kI dRSTi se yaha TokA bar3oM mahatvapUrNa hai / unhoMne jyotiSa ra nimitta sambandhA prAcIna mAnyatAoM kA spaSTa vivecana kiyA hai| isake pratirikta nakSatroM ke nAma, guNa, bhAva, Rtu, prayana ora pakSa Adi kA vivecana bho a Mkita hai| naya, nipekSa, aura pramANa Adi kI paribhASAeM tathA darzana ke siddhAntoM kA vibhinna dRSTiyoM se kathana kiyA hai| TIkA meM aneka granthoM aura granthakAroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| aura aneka prAcIna granthoM ke uddharaNoM se TIkA ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai| isase Acarya vorasena ke bahuzruta vidvAna hone ke pramANa milate haiN| siddhapaddhati TIkA-bhAcArya guNabhadra ne uttara purANa kI prazasti meM isa TIkA kA ullekha kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki siddhabhUpaddhati grantha pada-pada para viSama thA, vaha vorasena ko TokA se bhikSugroM ke liye atyanta sugama ho gayA / " yaha grantha maprApya hai / vIrasena ke jinasena ke atirikta dazaratha aura vinayasena do ziSya aura the| aura bhI ziSya hoMge, para unakA paricaya yA ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / vIrasena ne jayadhavalA TIkA kaSAya prAbhUta ke prathama skandha ko cAra vibhaktiyoM para bIsa hajAra zloka pramANa banAI thii| usI samaya unakA svargavAsa ho gayA / aura usakA avaziSTa bhAga unake ziSya jinasena ne pUrA kiyaa| racanA kAla mAghArya vIrasena ne apanI yaha dhavalA TIkA vikramAMka zaka 738 kArtika zuklA 13 san 816 budhavAra ke dina prAtaH kAla meM samApta kI thii| usa samaya jagatuMgadeva rAjya se rikta ho gaye the, aura amoghavarSa prathama rAjya 1. siddhabhUpatiryasya TIkAM saMvIkSya bhikSubhiH / Tokyate helayAnyeSAM viSamApi pade pade / / - uttarapurANa praza0

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navamI dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya siMhAsana para mArUDha ho rAjya saMcAlana kara rahe the / jaisA ki usakI prazasti ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai aThatIsamhi satasae kkima rAyaMkie mu-sagaNAme / vAse suterasIe bhANu bilAge dhavala pakkhe // 6 // jagadeva-rajje riyamhi kuMbha mhi rAhaNA karaNe / sUre tulAe saMte gurumhi kula billae hote|| 7 / / pAvamhi taraNiSutte sidhe sukkAmma mINe caMbammi / kattiya mAse esA TIkA hu samANi yA dhavalA // 8 // jayasena jayasena-bar3e tapasvI, prazAntamUrti, zAstrajJa aura paNDita janoM meM agraNI the / harivaMza purANa ke kartA punnATa saMghI jinasena ne zata varSa jIvI amitasena ke guru jayasena kA ullekhakiyA hai aura unheM sadguru, indriya vyApAra vijayI, karmaprakRtirUpa Agama ke dhAraka, prasiddha vayAkaraNa, prabhAvazAlo aura sampUrNa zAstra samudra ke pAragAmI batalAyA hai 2 jisase ve mahAna yogI, tapasvI aura prabhAvazAlI yAcArya jAna par3ate haiN| sAtha hI karmaprakRtirUpa Agamake dhAraka hone ke kAraNa sambhavata: be kisI karmagrantha ke praNetA bhI rahe hoM to koI pAzcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| parantu unake dvArA kisI grantha ke race jAne kA koI prAmANika ullekha hamAre dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| ina ubhaya jina senoM dvArA smRta prastuta jayasena ekahI vyakti jAna par3ate haiM / harivaMza purANa ke kartA ne jo apanI guru paramparA dI hai usase spaSTa hai ki unake zatavarSa jIvI amitasena 3 aura ziSya kotiSaNa kA samaya yadi 25-25 varSa kA mAna liyA jAya jo bahuta hI kama hai aura harivaMza ke racanAkAla zaka saM0705 (vi. saM.60) se kama kiyA jAya to zaka saM. 655 viH saM0 760 ke lagabhaga jayasena kA samaya ho sakatA hai / arthAt jayasena vikramI kI AThavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya the| amitasena amitasena-punnATa saMgha ke agraNI prAcArya the| yaha karmaprakRti zruti ke dhAraka indriya jayo jayasenAcArya ke ziSya the| prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa aura prabhAva zAlI vidvAna the| samasta siddhAntarUpI sAgara ke pAragAmo ye / jaina zAsana se bAtsalya rakhane vAle, parama tapasvI the| unhoMne zAstra dAna dvArA pRthvI meM vadAnyatA-dAnazIlatA -prakaTa kI thii| ve zatavarSa jIvI the| inhoMne jaina zAsana kI bar3I sevA kI thii| isa paricaya para se unakI mahattA kA sahajahI bodha ho jAtA hai| jaisA ki haribaMza purANa ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai: "prasiddhayAkaraNaprabhAvavAnazeSarAvAntasamudrapAragaH // 30 tabIya ziSyo 'mitasena sadaguraH pavitra punnATa gaNAgraNI gnnii| jinendra sacchAsanavatsalAtmanA tapobhUtA varSazatAdhi jIvinA / / 31 suzAstra vAnena bacAnyatAmanA vadAnya mUkhyena bhudhiprkaashitaa|" aisA jAna par3atA hai ki saMbhavata: punnATa deza ke kAraNa inakA saMgha bhI punnATa nAma se prasiddha hayA hai| yaha usa saMgha ke viziSTa vidvAna the / aura ve apane saMgha ke sAtha Aye hoN| saMbhavataH jinasena unase paricita hoM, isI 1. janmabhUmi stapo lakSmyAH zrutaprapAmayonidhiH / jayasena guruH pAtu budhabandAprapI: sanaH / / AdipurANa 1,56 2. dadhAra karma prakRti ra zruti va yo jitAkSavRttirjayasena sadguruH / prasiddhabayAkaraNaprabhAvavAnazeSagaddhAntasamudrapAragaH / / 30 3. tadIya ziSyo 'mitamena sadguruH pavitra putlAda gaNAgI gnnii| jinendrasamadrAsanavatsalAtmanA tapobhRtA varSa zatAdhijIvinA // 31-haribaMzapaNa

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174 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 se ve unakA ukta paricaya de sake haiN| ve jinasena se saMbhavataH 30-40 varSa jyeSTha rahe hoN| inakA samaya vikrama kI 8vIM zatAbdI kA upAntyabhAga, tathA havIM kA pUrvAdhaM honA caahie| kyoMki kIrtipeNa ke ziSya jinasena ne apanA harivaMza purANa zaka saM0705 (vi.saM.840 meM samApta kiyA thaa| cUMki amitasena aura kotiSaNa donoM hI jayasenAcArya ke ziSya the| kotiSaNa kotiSaNa-yaha punnATa saMgha ke prAcArya jayasena ke ziSya the| aura zatavarSa jIvo amitasena garu ke jyeSTha gurubhAI the| aura mahAna tapasvI aura vidvAna the| zAnta pariNAmI the| ugra tapazcaraNa se saba dizAoM meM inakI koti vizruta ho gaI thii| inhIM ke ziSya harivaMza purANa ke kartA jinasena the| jinasenAcArya ne apanA harivaMza purANa zaka saM0705 (vi.saM.840) meM samApta kiyA thaa| inake samaya kI avadhi 20varSa ko mAna leM, to inakA samaya vikrama kI havIM zatAbdIkA pUrvAdha hogA zrIpAla deva yaha paMcastUpAnvayI vIrasena ke ziSya the| bar3e bhArI saiddhAntika vidvAna the| jinasenAcArya ne Adi purANa meM zrIpAla kA smaraNa kiyA hai sAtha meM bhaTTAkalaMka aura pAtrakesarI kaa| jinasena ne apanI jayadhavalA TIkA dahI zrIpAla dvArA saMpAdita athavA poSaka batalAyA hai| inakA samaya vikrama kI vo zatAbdI hai| payasena aura devasena bhI inhIM ke samaya kAlIna the| ___ jinasenAcArya (punnAsaMgho) jinasenA-prastuta punnATa saMgha ke vidvAna prAcArya the| inake dAdAguru kA nAma, jayasena thA, jo pakhaNDa maryAdA ke dhAraka, Sada khaNDAgamarUna siddhAnta ke jJAtA, karma prakRti rUpa ati ke dhAraka, indriyoM ko vatti ko jItane vAle jayasena guru the| inake ziSya amitasena guru the| jo prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa, prabhAvazAlo samasta siddhAnta rUpI sAgara ke pAragAmI, punnATagaNa ke agraNI AcArya the| aura jinazAsana ke snehI, paramatapasvI, tathA zatavarSa jIvI the| aura zAstra dAna dvArA jinhoMne pRthvI meM vadAnyatA-dAnazIlatA--prakaTa kI thii| inake agraja dharma bandha 'kotiSaNa muni the| jo bahuta hI zAnta aura buddhimAna the| aura jo apanI tapomayI kIti ko samasta dizAmoM meM prasArita kara rahe the / inhIM kotiSaNa ke ziSya prastuta jinasena the / jaisA ki prazasti ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai : "pakhaNDa SaTkhaNDamakhaNData sthitiH samastasiddhAntamadhattayo'yaM taH / / 26 dadhAra karma prakRti ca zruti ca yo jitAkSavRttijayasenasadguruH / prasiddha yAkaraNaprabhAvavAnazeSazaddhAntasamudrapAragaH // 30 tabIya ziSyo 'mitasena sadguruH pavitra pumnATagaNApaNI gnnii| jinendra sacchAsana vassalAtmanA tapobhUtA varSazatAdhi jIvinA // 31 suzAstra bAnena badAmyatAmunA kvAtyamatyena bhuvi prakAzitA / yavanajo dharmasahodaraH zamI samagradhIdharma ivAttavigrahaH / / 32 tapomayoM kItimazeSa disa yaH kSipan babhau kIrtita kotiSaNakaH / tasmaziSyeNa zivAprasaukhyabhAgariSTanemozcarabhaktibhAvinA // svazakti bhAjA jinasenasUriNA dhiyAlpayoktA harivaMzapaddhatiH // 33 // pUnnATa karnATaka kA prAcIna nAma hai| hariSeNa kathA koza meM likhA hai ki--bhadrabAhu svAmo ke nirdezAnasAra 1. tapomayIM kItimazeSavikSu yaH kSipanyamo kIrtita kItiSaNakaH / -harivaMza0 pra0 2. TIkA zrI jaya cinhito 'rudhavalA sUtrArtha sNdyotinii| stheyA dAravicandra mujjvalatapaH zrIpAlasaMpAlitA / / -jayadhavala / pR043 guru tha / jo prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa zandrayoM ko vRtti sA sAgara ke pAragAmI, punnATagaNa ke

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArthaM 174 unakA samasta saMgha candragupta yA vizAkhAcArya ke netRtva meM dakSiNApatha ke punnATa deza meM gayA / ' prataeva dakSiNApatha kA yaha punATa karNATaka hI hai / kannar3a sAhitya meM bhI punnAda rAjya ke ullekha milate haiN| bhUgolavettA TAlemI ne 'poTa' nAma se isakA ullekha kiyA hai / isa deza ke muni saMgha kA nAma 'punnATa' saMgha thA / saMghoM ke nAma prAyaH dezoM aura anya sthAnoM ke nAmoM se par3e haiM 1 zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM0 164 meM, jo zaka saMvata 622 ke lagabhaga kA hai eka 'kittUra' nAma ke saMghakA ullekha hai / kittUra punnATa kI rAjadhAnI thI, jo isa samaya maMsUra ke 'haiggaDe vankoTe tAlluke meM haiM / jinasenAcArya kI eka mAtrakRti 'harivaMza purANa hai| isameM harivaMza kI eka zAkhA yAdava kula aura usameM utpanna hue do zalAkA puruSoM kA caritra vizeSa rUpa se varNita hai| bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha aura dUsare nava nArAyaNa zrIkRSNa kA ye donoM paraspara meM cacere bhAI the| jinameM se eka ne apane vivAha ke avasara para pazuoM kI rakSAkA nimitta pAkara sanyAsa le liyA thA / aura dUsare meM kauravapAla koza dikhalAyA / eka ne prAdhyAtmika utka kA pradarza upasthita kiyA to dUsare ne bhautika lIlA kA dRzya / eka ne nivRtti parAyaNa mArga ko prazasta kiyA to dUsare ne pravRtti ko prazraya diyA / isa taraha harivaMzapurANa meM mahA bhArata kA kathAnaka sammilita pAyA jAtA hai / granthakA kathAbhAga zratyanta rocaka hai| bhagavAna neminAtha ke vairAgya kA varNana par3hakara pratyeka mAnavakA hRdaya sAMsArika moha-mamatA se vimukha ho jAtA hai| aura rAjula yA rAjImatI ke parityAga para pAThakoM ke netroM se jahAM sahAnubhUti kI azrudhArA pravAhita hotI hai vahAM usake Adarza satItva para jana mAnasa meM usake prati agASa zraddhA utpanna hotI hai / AcArya jinasena ne grantha ke chayAsaTha sargo meM neminAtha aura kRSNa ke carita ke sAtha prasaMgavaza dhArmika siddhAntoM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| loka kA varNana mIra zalAkA puruSoM kA carita prAcArya yativRSama kI tiloya paNatI se anuprANita hai / prasaMgavaMza kavi ne mahAkAvyoM ke viSaya varNanAnusAra grAma, nagara, deza, pattana, kheTa, maMTaba parvata, nadI araNya Adi ke kathana ke sAtha zRMgArAdi rasoM aura upamAdi alakAroM, Rtu vyAvarNanoM, aura sundara subhASitoM se bhUSita kiyA hai| racanA praur3ha, bhASA prAMjala aura prasAdAdi guNoM se alaMkRta hai| granthakAra ne grantha ke Adi meM apane se pUrvavartI aneka vidvAnoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kI racanAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jina vidvAnoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai unake nAma isa prakAra hai: (1) samantabhadra (2) siddhasena (3) devanandI, (4) vajrasUri (5) mahAsena ( 6 ) raviSeNa ( 7 ) jaTAsiMha nandi, (8) zAntiSeNa, (6) vizeSavAdi (10) kumArasena (11) vIrasena, aura 12 jinasena ina saba vidvAnoM ka paricaya yathAsthAna diyA gayA hai, pAThaka vahAM dekheM / isI kAraNa use yahA~ nahIM likhA / granthakartA kI pravicchinna guruparamparA harivaMza purANa ke antima chayAsaThaveM sarga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se lekara lohAcArya taka kI vahI prAcAyaM paramparA dI hai jo tiloya paNNattI ghavalA jayavavalA aura zrutAvatAra Adi granthoM meM milatI hai / 62 varSa meM tIna kevalI gautama gaNadhara, sudharma svAmI aura jambU, 100 varSa meM pAMca zruta kevalI - viSNu ( nadi), nandi mitra, aparAjita, govarddhana aura bhadrabAhu, 183 varSa meM gyAraha aMga daza pUrva ke pAThI- vizAla, proSThila, kSatriya, jayasena, siddhArtha sena, ghRtisena, vijayasena, buddhilla gaMgadeva, dharmasena - 220 varSa meM pAMca gyAraha aMgadhArI - nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena aura kaMsa, aura phira 118 varSa meM- subhadra jayabhadra, yazobAhu aura lohAcAyeM ye cAra prAcArAMgadhArI hue| vIra nirvANa se 683 varSa bAda taka kI zrutAcArya paramparA ke bAda nimna paramparA calIvinayadhara, tigupta RSigupta, zivagupta, (jinhoMne apane guNoM se yahaMli pada prApta kiyA), mandarAye 1. anena saha saMco 'pi samasto guru vAkyaH / dakSiNApatha dezastha punnATa viSayaM yayau / hariSeNa kathA koza

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176 jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 mitravIrya, baladeva, balamitra, siMhavala, vIravita, padmasena, vyAghrahasti, nAgahasti, jitadaNDa, nandiSeNa, dIpamena dharasena, dharmasena, siMhasena, nandiSeNa, Izvarasena, nandiSeNa, prabhayasena siddhasena abhayasena, bhImasena, jinasena zAntiSeNa, jayasena, amitasena (punnATa gaNa ke aguvA aura zatavarSa jIvI) inake bar3e gurubhAI kIrtiSeNa, aura unake ziSya jinasena the / grantha kA racanA sthala harivaMza purANa kI racanA kA prArambha varddhamAnapura meM huA aura samApti dostaTikA ke zAntinAtha jinAlaya meM huii| yaha varddhamAnapura saurASTra kA 'vaDhavANa' jAna par3atA hai| kyoMki ukta purANa grantha kI prazasti meM batalAI gaI bhaugolika sthita se ukta kalpanA ko bala milatA hai / harivaMza purANa kI prazasti ke 52 aura 53 veM zloka meM batAyA hai ki zakasaMvat 705 meM, jaba ki uttara dizA kI indrAyudha, dakSiNa dizA kI kRSNa kA putra zrIvallabha, pUrva kI avantirAja vatsarAja aura pazcima kI soroM ke zradhimaMDala saurASTra kI vIra jayavarAha rakSA karatA thaa| usa samaya aneka kalyANoM se athavA suvarNa se bar3hane bAlI vipula lakSmI se sampanna bardhamAnapura ke pAzrva jinAlaya meM jo nannarAjavasati ke nAma se prasiddha thA. karkarAja ke indra, ba, kRSNa aura nantarAja cAra putra the| harivaMza ko nannarAja vasati inhIM nannarAja ke nAmase hogii| yaha grantha pahale prArambha kiyA gayA, pazcAt dostaTikA kI prajA ke dvArA utpAdita prakRSTa pUjA se yukta vahAM ke zAnti jinendra zAnti gRha meM racA gayA / vaDhabANa se giri nagara ko jAte hue meM kAna milatA hai| prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha ( gAyakavADa sIrIja ) meM zramalukRta carcarikA prakAzita huI hai| usameM eka yAtrI kI giranAra yAtrA kA varNana hai| vaha yAtrI sarvaprathama vaDhavANa pahuMcatA hai, phira kramase raMna bulAI, sahajigapura, gaMgilapura pahuMcatA hai aura lakhamISaru ko chor3akara phira viSama dotaDi pahu~cakara bahutasI nadiyoM aura pahAr3oM ko pAra karatA huA kari vaMdiyAla pahuMcatA hai / karivaMdiyAla aura anantapura meM jAkara DerA DAlatA hai, bAda meM bhAlaNa meM vizrAma karatA hai, vahAM se U~cA giranAra parvata dikhane lagatA hai| yaha viSama dota hI dostaTi kA hai / vardhamAnapura (bANa) ko jisa prakAra jinasenAcArya ne aneka kalyANakoM ke kAraNa vipulazrI se sampanna likhA hai usI prakAra hariSeNa ne bhI 'kathA koza' meM use 'kArtasvarApUrNajinAdhivAsa' likhA hai| kArttasvara zrIra kalyANa donoM hI svarNa ke vAcaka haiM isase siddha hotA hai ki vaha nagara atyadhika zrI sampanna thA, aura usakI samRddhi jinasena se lekara hariSeNa taka 148 varSa ke lambe antarAla meM bhI akSuNNa banI rhii| hariSeNa ne apane kathAkoza kI racanA bhI isI varddhamAnapura (baDhavANa) meM zaka saM0853 (vi0saM0 688) meM pUrNa kI thI / jinasena yadyapi punnATa (karnATaka) saMgha ke the to bhI bihAra priya hone se unakA saurASTra kI ora bhAgamana honA yukti siddha hai| siddhakSetra giranAra parvata kI bandanA ke abhiprAya se punnATa saMgha ke muniyoM ne isa pora vihAra kiyA ho, yaha koI zrAzcarya kI bAta nhiiN| jinasena ne apanI guru paramparA meM zramita sena ko punnAgaNa ke agraNI aura zatavarSa jIva likhA hai| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha saMgha amitasena ke netRtva meM karnATaka se 1. zAkenda dhateyu rUpAsu dizaM pajyote raSUttarAM, pAtIndrAyudhanAni iSTapaje zrI valayabhe dakSiNAm / pUrvA zrImatibhUbhRti nRpe vatsAdi rAje parA saurANAmadhimaNDalaM jayayute cIre vArAhe jvati // 52 kalyANaiH parivardhamAnavipulaH zrIvamAne pure zrI pAliya nammarAjatrasato paryAptazeSaH purA / paravAr3I svaTikA prajAprajanita prAjyAcaM nAvarjana, zAH zAntagRhe jinasya racito vaMzo harINAmayam / / 53

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navamI-dazavoM zatAthdI ke prAcArya uttara bhArata kI ora AyA hogaa| aura girinAra kSetra ke namijina kI vandanA ke nimitta sorASTra (kAThiyAvAr3a) meM gayA hogaa| jinasena ne ginanAna kI siMhavAhinA yA anyA devI kA ulokha kiyA hai aura use vinoM ko nAza karane vAlI batalAyA hai| prazastigata varddhamAnapura ke cAroM dizAoM ne rAjAyoM kA varNana nimna prakAra : iMdrAyudha sva. hIrAcandra jI okA ne likhA hai ki indrAyudha aura candrAyudha kisa vaMza ke the, yaha jJAta nahIM humA / parantu saMbhava hai ve rAThor3a hoN| sva. cintAmaNi vinAyaka vaMdya ke anusAra indrAyudha bhaNDikula kA thA aura uktavaMza ko varma vaMza bhI kahate the| isake putra cakrAyudha ko parAsta kara pratihAra vaMzI rAjA vatsarAja ke putra nAgabhaTa dvitIya ne jisakA ki rAjya kAla vinsenTa smitha ke anusAra vi0 saM0857-882 hai / kannauja kA sAmrAjya usase chInA thaa| baDhANa ke uttara meM mAravAr3a kA pradeza par3atA hai-isase spaSTa hai ki kannauja se lekara mAravAr3a taka indrAyudha kA rAjya phailA huA thA / zrIvallama dakSiNa ke rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjA kRSNa (prathama) kA putra thaa| isakA prasiddha nAma govinda (dvitIya) thaa| kAvI meM mile hue tAmrapaTa meM ise govinda na likhakara daslama hI likhA hai, atAba isa viSaya meM sandeha nahIM rahA ki yaha govinda dvitIya) hI thA aura badhamAnapura kI dakSiNa dizA meM usI kA rAjya thaa| kAvI bhI baDhavANa ke prAyaH dakSaNa meM hai| zaka sa0 672 (vi0 saM0827) kA usakA eka tAmrapatra milA hai| avastibhUbhRt vatsarAja yaha pratihAra vaMza kA rAjA thA aura usa nAgAvaloka yA nAgabhaTa (dvitIya) kA pitA thaa| jisane cakrAyudha ko parAsta kiyA thaa| vatsarAja ne gaur3a aura baMgAla ke rAjAnoM ko jItA thA aura unase do zvetachatra chIna lie,the / Age inhI chatroM ko rASTrakUTa gobinda (dvitIya) yA zrIvallabha ke bhAI dhruvarAja ne car3hAI karake usase chIna liyA thaa| aura use mAravAr3a kI pragamya retIlI bhUmi kI prora bhAgane ko vivaza kiyA thaa| mojhA jI ne likhA hai ki ukta vatsarAja ne mAlavA ke rAjA para car3hAI kI paura mAlava rAja ko bacAne ke lie dhruvarAja usa para car3ha daudd'aa| zaka saM0705 meM to bhAlavA vatsarAja ke hI adhikAra meM thA kyoM ki dhruvarAja kA rAjyArohaNa kAla zaka saM0707 ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA gayA hai| usake pahale 705 meM to govinda (dvitIya) zrI ballabha hI rAjA thA aura isaliye usake bAda hI dhruvarAja kI ukta car3hAI huI hogii| udyotana suri ne apanI kuvalaya mAlA jAbAlipura (jAlora mAravAr3a) meM taba samApta kI thI jaba zaka saM0700 ke samApta hone meM eka dina bAkI thaa| usa samaya vahAM vatsarAja kA rAjya yA' arthAt harivaMza ko racanA 1. gahIta cakrA praticakra devatA tayorjayantAla ya siMha bAhinI / zivAya pasmintiha santidhImate kvAtantra vighnAH prabhavanti zAvate / / 4 2. dekho, sI. pI. vaidya kA hindUbhArata kA utkarSa' pU. 175 3. ma0mi. ojhA jI ke anusAra nAgabhaTa kA samaya vi0 saM0 872 860 taka hai| 4. iNDiyana eNTikverI: jilda 5 pu0 146 / 5. epigrAphiyA iNDikAH jilda 6, pR0 276 / 1. saga kAle bolINe parisAraNa sarahiM sattahiM gaehi / eka diNeNaNehi rajhyA abaraNDa velAe / parabhadrabhiuDI bhaMgo paNaIpaNa rohiNI kalA cNdro| sirivaccha rAvaNAmo parahatyI pasthivo jahamA / /

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178 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa---bhAga 2 ke samaya (zaka saM0 705 meM) to (uttara dizA kA) mAravAr3a indrAyudha ke mAdhIna thA aura (pUrvakA) mAlavA vatsarAja ke adhikAra meM thA / parantu isake 5 varSa pahale (zaka saM0 700) meM vatsarAja mAravAr3a kA adhikArI thA isase anumAna hotA hai ki usane mAravAr3a se hI Akara mAlavA para adhikAra kiyA hogA aura usake bAda dhUvarAja kI car3hAI hone para vaha phira mAravAr3a kI ora bhAga gayA hogaa| zaka saM0 705 meM vaha avanti yA mAlavA kA zAsaka hogA / avanti bar3havANa kI pUrva dizA meM hai hii| parantu yaha patA nahIM lagatA ki usa samaya avanti kA rAjA kauna thA, jisakI sahAyatA ke lie rASTrakUTa dhruvarAja daur3A thaa| dhruvarAja (za0saM0707) ke laga-bhaga gaddI para prArUr3ha huA thaa| ina saba bAtoM se harivaMza kI racanA ke samaya uttara meM indrAyaSa, dakSiNa meM zrI vallabha aura pUrva meM vatsarAja kA rAjya honA ThIka mAlUma hotA hai / vIra jayavarAha yaha pazcima meM sauroM ke adhimaNDala kA rAjA thA / sauroM ke adhimaNDala kA artha hama saurASTra hI samajhate haiM jo kAThiyAvAr3a ke dakSiNa meM hai| saura logoM kA sosaura rASTra yA saurASTra / saurASTra se bar3havANa aura uso pazcima kI ora kA pradeza hI granthakartA ko abhISTa hai| yaha rAjA kisa vaMza kA thA, isakA ThIka patA nahIM cltaa| premIjIkA anumAna hai ki yaha cAlukya vaMza kA koI rAjA hogA aura usake nAma ke sAtha varAha zabda kA prayoga usI taraha hotA hogA, jisa taraha ki kIti vamI (dvitIya) ke sAtha 'mahAvarAha kA, rASTrakUToM se pahale caulukya sArvabhauma-rAjA the / aura kAThiyAvAr3a para bhI unakA adhikAra thaa| unase yaha sArvabhaumatva zaka saM0 675 ke lagabhaga rASTrakUToM ne hI chIna liyA thaa| isalie bahuta saMbhava hai ki harivaMza kI racanA ke samaya saurASTra para caulukya vaMza kI kisI zAkhA kA adhikAra ho aura usI ko jayavarAha likhA ho / saMbhavataH pUrA nAma jayasiMha ho aura varAha vizeSaNa / pratihAra rAjA mahIpAla ke samaya kA eka dAna patra havAlA gAMva (kAThiyAvAr3a) se zaka saM0 836 kA milA hai| usase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya bar3havANa meM gharaNI varAha kA adhikAra thA, jo cAvar3A vaMza kA thA aura pratihAroM kA karada rAjA thaa| isase eka saMbhAvanA yaha bhI ho sakatI hai ki ukta dharaNI varAha kA hI koI 4-6 pIr3hI pahale kA pUrvaja ukta jayavarAha ho| prAcArya jinasena ne harivaMza purANa kI racanA zaka saM0705 (vi0 saM084.) meM kI hai| usake bAda kitane varSa taka ve apane jIvana se isa bhUtala ko alaMkRta karate rahe, yaha kucha jJAta nahIM hotaa| jinasenAcArya paMcastUpAnvayI vIrasena ke pramukha ziSya the / jinasena vizAla buddhi ke dhAraka kavi, vidvAna maura vAgmI the| isI se AcArya guNabhadra ne likhA hai ki jisa prakAra himAcala se gaMgA kA, sakala se (sarvajJa se) divya dhvani kA aura udayAcala se bhAskara kA udaya hotA hai usI prakAra vIrasena se jinasena udaya ko prApta hue haiN| jinasena vIrasena ke vAstavika uttarAdhikArI the| jaya dhavalA prazasti meM unhoMne apanA paricaya bar3e hI sundara DhaMga se diyA hai| aura likhA hai ki-'ve aviddhakarNa the- karNavedha saMskAra se pahale hI ve dIkSita ho gae the| aura bAda meM unakA karNavedha saMskAra jJAna zalAkA se humA thA / ve zarIra se dubale patale the, parantu tapa guNa se ye kuza nahIM the / zArI 1. prabhavadivAhimAdre devasindhu pravAho, dhvaniriSa sakalajAtsarvazAstrakamUtiH / udayagiri taTAvA bhAskaro bhAsamAno, mugiranujinasenA bIrasenAdamuSyAt / / -uttara purANa prathasti 2. tasya ziSyobhavacchImAna jinasenaH samidhIH / avidyAvapi yatkaNoM vido jJAnavAlAkayA ||22-jydhv0 pra0

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 179 rika durbalatA saccI kRzatA nahIM hai, jo guNoM se kRza hotA hai vAstava meM vahI kRza hai, jinhoMne na to kApAlikA (sAMkhya zAstra aura pakSa meM tairane kA ghar3A) ko grahaNa kiyA aura na adhika cintana kiyA, phira bhI adhyAtma vidyA rUpa sAgara ke pAra pahuMca gye| ve bar3e sAhasI, guru bhakta aura vinayI the| aura bAlyAvasthA se hI jIvana paryanta prakhaNDa brahmacarya vrata ke dhAraka the| ve na to adhika sundara the, aura na bahuta catura, phira bhI ananya zaraNa hokara sarasvatI ne unakI sevA kI thii| svAbhAvika mRdutA aura siddhAnta marmajJatA guNa unake jIvana sahacara the / unakI gaMbhIra maura bhAvapUrNa sUktiyAM bar3I hI sundara aura rasolI hai| kavitA sarasa aura alaMkAroM ke vicitra AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta hai| bAlyAvasthA se hI unhoMna jJAna kI satata ArAdhanA meM jIvana bitAyA thaa| saiddhAntika rahasyoM ke marmajJa to ve the hI, kintu unakA nirmala yaza loka meM sarvatra vizruta thaa| ve uckoTi ke kavi the, kavitA rasolI aura madhura thii| ApakI isa samaya tIna kRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| pArvAbhyudayakAvya, mAdi purANa aura jayadhabalA TIkA, jise unhoMne apane guru vIrasenAcArya ke svargavAsa ke bAda banA kara pUrNa kI thii| pAbhyudaya kAvya-yaha apane DhaMga kA eka hI advitIya samasyA pUrtika khaNDa kAbdha hai / dIkSA dhAraNa karane ke pazcAt bhagavAna pArzvanAtha pratimAyoga meM virAjamAna haiM pUrva bhava kA vairI kamaTha kA jIva zaMvara nAmaka jyotiSkadeva prAdhi se gaganejA garihAna kara nAnA prakAra ke upasarga karatA hai| parantu pArzvanAtha apane dhyAna se raMcamAtra bhI vicalita nahIM hote| unake ghora upasarga ko dUra karane ke liye dharaNendra aura padyAvatI pAte haiN| zambara bhaya-bhIta ho bhAgane kI ceSTA karatA hai kintu dharaNendra use rokate haiM aura usake pUrva kRtyoM ko yAda dilAte haiN| upasarga dUra hote hI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna ho jAtA hai| indrAdika deva kevalajJAna kI pUjA karate hai 1 zavarapAzvanAtha ke dhairya, saujanya, sahiSNutA, aora apAra zakti se prabhAvita hokara svayaM vara bhAva kA parityAga kara unakI zaraNa meM pahuMcatA hai aura pazcAtApa karatA huAapane aparAdha kI kSamA yAcanA karatA hai, vaha jinadharma grahaNa karatA hai, deva puSpavRSTi karate haiM, kavi ne kAvya meM 'pApApAye prathama muditaM kAraNaM bhaktireva' jaisI mUktiyoM kI bhI saMyojanA kI hai| isIse kathAvastu kI abhivyaMjanA pAzrvAbhyudaya meM kI gaI hai| zrRMgAra rasa se prota-prota meghadrata ko zAnta rasa meM parivartita kara diyA hai / sAhityika dRSTi se yaha kAvya bahuta hI sundara aura kAvya guNoM se maMDita hai| isameM cAra sarga haiN| unameM se prathama sarga meM 118 padya, dUsare meM bhI 118, tIsare meM 57, aura cauthe meM 71 padya haiN| kAvya meM kula milAkara 364 mandAkrAntA padya haiN| kAvya meM (kamaTha) yakSa ke rUpa meM kalpita hai| kavitA atyanta prauDha aura camatkAra pUrNa hai| meghadUta ke antima caraNa ko lekara to aneka kAvya likhe gye| parantu sAre meghadUta ko veSTita karane vAlA yaha eka hI kAvya grantha hai| isa kAvya kI mahattA usa samaya aura adhika bar3ha jAtI hai jaba pArzvanAma carita kI kathA aura meghadUta ke virahI yakSa kI kathA meM paraspara meM bhArI asamAnatA hai| aisau kaThinAI hote hue bhI kAvya sarasa aura sundara bana par3A hai| isa kAvya kI racanA jinasena ne prarane sagharmA gurU bhAI binayasena kI preraNA se kI thii| 1. yaH kRzopizarIreNa na kRshobhuutpogunnH| na kuzava hi zArIraM guNareva kRzaH kRzaH 127 yo na gRhItkApalikAnnApyacintayadaMjasA / tathApyadhyAtmavidyAndheH pAraM pAramaziniyat / / 28 -jayadhava0 praza 2. yo nAti sundarAkAro na cAticaturo muniH / tathApyananya zaraNA yaM sarasvatyupAcarat ||25--jydh0 pra0 3. zrI vIrasena munipAdapayojanabhUga, zrImAnabhUvinayasena munigarIyAn / tapoditena jinasenamunIzvareNa, kAvyaM vyadhAyi pariveSTita meghadUtam / / -pAbhyuidaya

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180 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 isa kAvya para yogirATa paMDitAcArya nAma ke kisI vidvAna ko eka saMskRta TIkA hai| jo saMbhavata: 15vI zatAbdI ke antima caraNa kA vidvAna thaa| TIkA meM jagaha jagaha 'ratnamAlA' nAmaka koSa ke pramANa diye haiN| ratnamAlA kA kartA irugadaNDanAtha vijaya nagara nareza harihararAya ke samaya zaka saM. 1321 (vi. saM. 1456) ke lagA hai| zata: pilanAcArga usake bAda ke vidvAna honA cAhiye / kAvya ke pratyeka sarga ke anta meM jinasena ko amoghavarSa kA guru batalAyA gayA hai| punnATa saMghIya jinasena ne zaka saM. 705, (san 783) meM pArvAbhyudaya kAzya kA harivaMzapurANa ke nimna padya meM ullekha kiyA hai : yAmitAbhyudaye pAya jinendragaNasaMstutiH / svAminoM jinasenasya kIti saMGgItayatyasau // ataH pAzrvAbhyudaya kAvya zaka saM0 705 (vi0 saM0840) se pUrva racA gayA hai| arthAt zaka saM0 700 meM isakI racanA huI hai| prAdipurANa-prAcArya jinasena ne presaThazAlA kA puruSoM ke caritra likhane kI icchA se 'mahApurANa' kA prArambha kiyA thaa| kintu bIca meM hI svargavAsa ho jAne ke kAraNa unakI vaha abhilASA pUrI nahIM ho skii| paura mahApurANa adhUrA hI raha gayA / jise unake ziSya guNabhadra ne pUrA kiyaa| mahApurANa ke do bhAga haiM / prAdi purANa aura uttara purANa / prAdi purANa meM jainiyoM ke prathama tIrthakara Adi nAtha yA RSabha deva kA carita varNita hai / aura uttara purANa meM pravaziSTa 23 tIrthakaroM aura zalAkA puruSoM kA / prAdi purANa meM 47 parva aura bAraha hajAra zloka haiN| inameM jinasena 42 parva pUre aura 43 va parva ke 3 zloka hI banA sake the ki unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| taba zeSa cAra pardo ke 1620 zloka unake ziSya guNabhadra ke banAye hue haiN|| Adi purANa ucca darje kA saMskRta mahAkAvya hai| prAcArya guNabhadra meM usakI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki-'yaha sAre chandoM aura alaMkAroM ko lakSya meM rakhakara likhA gayA hai| isakI racanA sukSma artha aura gUr3ha pada vAlI hai| usameM bar3e bar3e vistRta varNana haiM jinake adhyayana se saba zAstroM kA sAkSAt ho jAtA hai| isake sAmane dUsare kAvya nahIM Thahara sakate, yaha udaya hai, aura vyutpanna buddhivAloM ke dvArA grahaNa karane yogya hai aura kaviyoM ke mithyA abhimAna ko dalita karane vAlA hai, atizaya lalita hai| jinasena kA yaha Adi purANa subhASatoM kA bhaMDAra hai| jisa taraha samudra bahumUlya ratnoM kA utpatti sthAna hai, usI taraha yaha purANa sUkta ratnoM kA bhaMDAra hai, jo anyatra durlabha haiM aise subhASita isameM sulabha haiN| aura sthAna sthAna se icchAnusAra saMgraha kiye jA sakate haiN| prAcArya jinasena ne Adi purANa' kI utthAnikA meM apane se pUrvavartI bhaneka prasiddha kaviyoM aura vidvAnI kA aneka vizeSaNoM ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai| 1. siddhasena 2. samantabhadra 3. zrIdatta 4. prabhAcandra 5. zivakoTi 6. jaTAcArya 7. kANabhikSa-8. deva (devanandi) 6. bhaTTAkalaMka 10. zrIpAla 11. pAtra kezarI 12. vAdisiMha 13. vora sena 14. jayasena 15. kavi paramezvara / ina saba vidvAnoM kA paricaya yathA sthAna diyA gayA hai| jayadhavalATIkA kasAya prAbhata ke prathama skandha kI cAroM vibhaktiyoM para 'jayaghavalA nAma kI bIsa hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA likha kara prAcArya vIrasena kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| ataH unake ziSya jinasenAcArya ne pravaziSTa bhAga para 2. 'sakasacchadolaMkRti sakSyaM sUkSmArtha gUDhapadaracanam // 17 'dhyAvarNanoisAraM sAkSAtkRtasarvazAstrasadbhAvam / apahastitAnya kAvya zravyaM vyutpannamatibhirAdeyam // 18 'jinasena bhagavatobataM mithyAkaSi darpadalanamati lalitam // 16 - uttara purANa pravAsti

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 181. cAlIsa hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA likhakara use zaka saMvat 756 meM pUrA kiyaa| yaha TIkA vIrasena svAmI kI zailI meM maNi-pravAla (saMskRta mizrita prAkRta) bhASA meM likhI gaI hai / TIkA ko bhASA prAvAhapUrNa hai| TIkAkAra ne svayaM hI zaMkAeM uThA kara vividha viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| bhAcArya jinasena ne kasAya prAbhUta kI jayadhayalA TIkA meM caNisUtra aura uccAraNA mAdi ke dvArA vastu tatva kA yathArtha vivecana kiyA hai / kaSAya ke upazama aura kSapaNA kA sundara, sarasa evaM hRdayamAhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| moha ke darzana mohanIya aura caritra mohanIya rUpa do bheda haiN| unameM darzana mAhanIyake bheda rAga, dveSa moharUpa vipaTikA tathA cAritra mohanIya ke mUlataH kaSAya aura no kaSAyoM meM vibhAjana kiyA haiM 1 ye kaSAyeM rAga-dveSa meM vibhAjita hokara eka mohaM karma kI rAga-dveSa mohalpa vistAkA bodha karAtI haiN| prAtmA ina sabakI zakti ko upazamAne yA kSoNa karane kA upakrama karatA hai| una kI zakti ko nirbala karane ke liye dhyAnAdi kA manuSThAna karatA hai|aur grantha meM kaSAyoM ke rasa ko sukhAne, nirjIrNa karane Adi kA vistRta kathana diyA hai / jisakA pariNAma ghAti karma kSaya rUpa kaivalya kI prApti hai / usase prAtmA karma ke mohajanya saMskAra ke prabhAva se halakA ho jAtA hai| pazcAt vaha yoga nirodhAdi dvArA aghAti rUpa karma-kAlimA kA anta kara svAtma labdhi kA pathika bana jAtA hai| aura janma maraNAdi se rahita anantakAla taka prAtma-sukha meM nimagna rahatA hai| yaha TokA prameya bahala pora saiddhAntika carcA se prota-prota hai| isakA adhyayana aura manana karanA zreyaskara hai| isa saba vivecana para se jayapavalA TIkA kI mahattA kA bodha sahaja hI ho jAtA hai, aura usase jinasenAcArya kI prajJA evaM pratibhA kA acchA mAbhAsa mila jAtA hai| AcArya jinamena ne jayadhavalA TIkA meM zrIpAla, pagrasena aura devasena nAmake tIna vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| saMbhavataH ye unake sagharmA yA guru bhAI the| dhIpAla ko to unhoMne jayadhavalA kA saMpAlaka kahA hai| - - - . . . samaya jinasena apanI praviddhakarNa bAlya avasthA meM hI vIra sena ke caraNoM meM A gae the| bIrasena hI unake vidyA guru aura dIkSA guru the| unhIM kI zikSA dvArA tapasvI aura vidvAna AcArya bane / unhIM ke pAdamUla meM unake jIvana kA pradhikAza bhAga vyatIta huA hai / isI se unhoMne apane guru kA bahuta hI prAdarapUrNa zabdoM meM smaraNa kiyA hai| dora sena ne apanI dhavalA TIkA zaka saM0738 san 816 meM samApta ko hai| aura jaya dhavalA TIkA ko samApti usase 21 varSa bAda zaka saMvata 756 (san 837) meM murjaranarendra amoghavarSa ke rAjya kAla meM vATa grAma huI hai| ki - - -- - 1. prAyaH prAkRta bhAratyA kvcitsNskRtmishryaa| mariNa-pravAlanyAyena prokto'granya vistaraH // 32 -(japadhavalA prazArata) 2. te nityojvalapadmasenaparamAH zrIdevasenAcitAH / bhAsante ravicandrabhAsi sutapAH zrIpAla satkortayaH // 36 -jaya dhavalA prazati / 3. itizrI vIra senIyA TIkA suutraarth-dshinii| bATa grAma pure zrImad gurjarAryAnupAlite / / 6 phAlguNe mAsi pUrvAnhe dazamyA zuklapakSake / pravarSamAna--pUjora-nandIzvara- mahotsave // 7 amoghavarSa rAjendra-rAjya prAjya gunnodyaa| niSThitA pracayaM yAyAdAkalpAntamanalpikA 11-(jayadhavalA prshsti)|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 pAbhyudaya kAvya kA ullekha zakasaM0 705 meM harivaMza meM punnATa saMdhI jinasenane kiyA hai| aura likhA hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke guNoM kI stuti unako kIrtikAsakartana karatI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki jinasena ne zaka saM0 705 se pUrva hI grantha racanA zurU kara dI thii| ataH ukta pAzvabhyudaya kAvya zaka saM0 700 lagabhaga kI racanA hai, kyoMki zaka saM0 705 meM usakA ullekha milatA hai| isa racanA ke samaya jinasena ko Ayu kama se kama 15 aura 20 varSa ke madhya rahI hogii| pAzrvabhyudaya kAvya kI racanA se 56 varSabAda unhoMne jayaghabalA ko zaqa saM0 756 san 837 meM pUrNa kiyA hai| yahAM yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki AcArya jinasena ne zaka saM0 700 se 738 ke madhyavata samaya meM kyA kArya kiyA / isa sambandha meM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki jaba guru vIrasena ne ghavalA aura jabadhavalA TIkA banAI, taba usameM unhoMne apane guru ko avazya sahayoga diyA hogA / aura yadi unhoMne usa kAna meM granya kisI grantha kI racanA kI hotI to ve usakA ullekha avazya karate / usake bAda unhoMne Adi purANa ko racanA kI hai| aura ve mahApurANa kI racanA karate hue bIca meM hI svargavAsI ho ge| unake isa adhUre purANa ko unake ziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne pUrNa kriyA hai| zrAdi purANa ke daza hajAra zloMkI racanA karane meM 5-6 varSa kA samaya laga jAnA adhika nahIM hai| isase jivasenA cArya dIrgha jIvI the / aura unakA svargavAsa 80 varSa kI avasthA meM huA hogA / 182 dazaratha guru davAratha guru -- paMcastUpAnvayI vorasena ke ziSya the, aura jaina senAcArya ke sadharmA bandhu-gurubhAI the| jo bar3e vidvAna the - jisa taraha sUrya apanI nirmala kiraNoM se saMsAra ke padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai / usI prakAra ve bhI apane vacana rUpI kiraNoM se samasta jagata ko prakAzamAna karate the| jinasenAcArya kA jo samaya hai, vahI dazaratha guru kA hai, jinasenAcArya ne mapanI jayadhavalA TIkA zaka saM0 756 (san 637) meM pUrNa kI hai| prataeva dazarathaguru kA samaya bhI san 800 se 837 honA cAhiye / guNamatra- mUlagaMdha senAnvaya ke vidvAna the (gurubhAI) dazaratha guru ke ziSya the / siddhAnta zAstra tathA dedIpyamAna ( tIkSNa) thI, jo aneka naya aura jagata meM prasiddha the / jo tapolakSmI se bhUSita the| guNabhadrAcArya aura paMcastUpAnvaya ke vidvAna AcArya jinasena ke sadharmA rUpI samudra ke parigAmI hone se jinakI buddhi atizaya pragalbha pramANa ke jJAna meM nipuNa, agaNita guNoM se vibhUSita, samasta utkRSTa jJAna se yukta, pakSopavAsI, tapasvI tathA bhAvaliMgI 1. yAmitAbhyudaye pAe jinendraguraNa saMstutiH / svAmino jinasenasya kItiH saMkIrtayatvasau // 40 - harivaMzapurANa 2. dAravagururAsIttasya dhImAnmadharmA zazina iva dinezo vidavalokaMka cakSuH / nikhilamida madori vyApitadbhAGmayUkhaH / prakaTitanijabhAva nirmadharmasAra: // 12 - uttara purANa prazasti 3. pratyakSIkRta lakSya lakSaNa vidhi vizvavidyAM gataH / siddhAntAvivasAnayAna janita prAgasambhA buddhI; / nAnAbhUnanayapramANanipuNotrANye guMbhUSita: / ziSyaH zrIguNabhadrasUriranayorAsIjjagadvizrutaH // -0 pu0 prazasti 14

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navabhI-padavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya munirAja the| rASTakUTa rAjA amoghavarSa ne guNabhadrAcArya ko apane dvitIya putra kRSNa kA zikSaka niyukta kiyA thaa| inhoMne jinasenAcArya ke divaMgata ho jAne para unake prapUrNa prAdi purANa ko 1620 zlokoM kI racanA kara use pUrA kiyA thaa| usake bAda unhoMne pATha hajAra zloka pramANa 'uttara purANa' kI racanA kii| usakI racanA meM guNabhadrAcArya ne kavi parameSThI ke 'vAgartha saMgraha' purANa kA Azraya liyA thaa| uttara purANa meM dvitIya tIrthakara ajitanAva se lekara 23 tIrthakaroM, 11 cakravartI, nava nArAyaNa, nava balabhadra maur| pratinArAyaNa tathA jIvaMdhara svAmI prAdi viziSTa mahApuruSoM ke kathAnaka diye hue haiN| isa purANa ko kavi ne saMbhavata: baMkApura meM samApta kiyA thaa| prastuta baMkApura apane pitA vora baMkeya ke nAma se lokAditya dvArA sthApita kiyA gyaa| prapitAmaha mukula ke vaMza ko vikasita karane vAle sUrya ke pratApa ke sAtha jisakA pratApa sarvatra phaila rahA thA, aura jisane prasiddha zatrurUpI aMdhakAra naSTa kara diyA thA, jo cella patAkA vAlA thA jisakI patAkA meM mayUra kA cinha thA / celadhvaja kA anuja thA aura cella ketana bakeya kA putra thA, jainadharma kI vRddhi karane vAlA, candramA ke samAna ujvala yaza kA dhAraka lokA ditya baMkApura meM vanavAsa deza kA zAsana karahA thaa| usa samaya baMkApura vanavAsi prAntakI rAjadhAnI thaa| aura aneka vizAla jina mandiroM se suzobhita thaa| yaha napatagakA sAmanta thA, paura vIra yoddhA thaa| isane gaMgarAja rAjamala ko yuddha meM parAjita kara bandI banAyA thaa| isa vijayopalakSya meM bharI sabhA meM vIra baMkeya ko nRpatuga dvArA abhISTa vara mAMgane kI mAjJA hii| taba jinamarata bakeya ne gadagada ho nRpatuMga se yaha prArthanA kI, ki aba mero koI laukika kAmanA nahIM hai| yadi Apa denA hI cAheM to kolanUra meM mere dvArA nirmita jinamaMdira ke liye pUjAdi kArya saMcAlanArya eka bhUdAna pradAna kara sakate haiN| unhoMne vaisA hI kiyaa| bakeya ko patnI vijayAdevI bar3I viduSI thii| isane saMskRta meM kAvya racanA kI hai| / inakA putra lokAditya bhI apane pitAke samAna hI vIra aura parAkramI thaa| lokAditya zatru rUpI pandhakAra ko miTAne vAlA eka khyAti prApta zAsaka thaa| lokAditya para guNabhadrAcArya kA paryApta prabhAva thA / lokAditya jaina dharma kA premI thA, aura samUcA camavAsi prAnta lokAditya ke vasa meM yA / prAcArya jinasena kI icchA mahApurANa ko vizAla grantha banAne kI thii| parantu divaMgata ho jAne se ve use pUrNa nahIM kara sake / grantha kA jo bhAga jinasena ke kathana se avaziSTa raha gayA thA, use nirmala bukhi ke dhAraka guNa bhadrasUri ne hInakAla ke anurodha se tavA bhArI vistAra ke bhaya se saMkSepa meM hI saMgrahIta kiyA hai| uttara purANa ko yadi guNabhadrAcArya prAdi purANa ke sadRza vistRta banAte to mahApurANa eka utkRSTa koTi kA mahAbhArata jaisA eka vizAla grantha hotaa| kintu prAya kAya prAdi kI sthiti ko dekhate hue ve use jaldI pUrNa karanA cAhate the| isI se usameM bahuta se kayana maulika praura vistRta nahIM ho pAye haiM, aura kitane hI kayAnakoM se mukha mor3anA par3A hai| kucha kathAnakoM meM vaha vizadatA bhI zIghratA ke kAraNa nahIM lAsake haiN| phira bhI unakA ukta prayatna mahAna aura prazaMsanIya hai| 1. tassaya sisso guNavaM guNabhaddo divvaNANa paripuSNA / pakkhovadhAsa maMDI mahAtavo bhAvasiMgo v|| ---darzanasAra 2. dekho, DA. altekara kA rASTrakUTAja aura unakA samaya 10 3. celsapatAke celladhdajAnuje cellaketanatanUje / jainendradharmavaddha vidhApinividhuvIna pRyu yazasi / / - utta0 pu0 prazasti 33 4. "sarasvatI va karNATI vijayAMkA jytysau| yA vakSmA girI bAsaH kAlidAsAdanantaram / / ' 5. ati vistara bhIrutvAdavaziSTa saGaga hota mamaladhiyA / guNabhadra sUriNedaM--prahoNakAlAnurodhena // -uttara0 pu0 praza0 20

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184 bhAga 2 jina senAcArya ko yaha vizvAsa ho gayA ki aba merA jIvana samApta hone vAlA hai aura maiM mahApurANa ko pUrA nahIM kara sakUMgA / taba unhoMne apane sabase yogya ziSyoM ko bulAyA aura unase kahA ki sAmane jo yaha sUkhA vRkSa khar3A hai, isakA kAvyavANI meM varNana kro| guru vAkya sunakara unameM se eka ziSya ne kahA 'zuSka kASThaM tiSThatyane / phira dUsare ziSya ne kahA- "nIrasataharihavilasati purataH " / guru ko dvitIya vAkya sarasa jJAta huA / ataH unhoMne use zrAjJA dI ki 'tuma mahApurANa ko pUrA kro| guNabhadra ne guru zrAjJA ko svIkAra kara mahApurANa ko pUrA kiyaa| prAcArya guNabhadra ne likhA hai ki isa grantha kA pUrvArdha hI rasAvaha hai, uttarArdha meM to jyoM-tyoM karake hI rasa kI prApti hogii| ganne ke prArambha kA bhAga hI svAdiSTa hotA hai Upara kA nhiiN| yadi mere vacana sarasa yA susvAdu hoM to ise guru kA mAhAtmya hI samajhanA caahiye| yaha vRkSoM kA svabhAva hai ki unake phala moThe hote haiM? | vacana hRdaya se nikalate haiM aura hRdaya meM mere guru virAjamAna haiN| ve vahAM se unakA saskAra kareMge hii| isameM mujhe parizrama na karanA par3egA | gurukRpA se merI racanA saMskAra kI huI hogii| jinasena ke anuyAyI purANa mArga ke Azraya se saMsAra samudra ke pAra honA cAhate haiM phira mere liye purANa sAgara ke pAra pahuMcanA kyA kaThina hai / utara purANa kI racanA kAla prAcArya guNabhadra ne uttara purANa meM usakA koI racanA kAla nahIM diyA / unakI prazasti 27 va paca taka samApta ho jAtI hai| pAMca-chaha zlokoM meM grantha kA mAhAtmya varNana karane ke anantara 27 va padma meM batAyA hai ki bhavyajanoM ko ise sunanA cAhiye, vyAkhyAna karanA cAhiye, cintavana karanA cAhiye, pUjanA cAhiye, aura bhaktajanoM ko isakI pratilipiyA~ likhanA likhAnA cAhiye / yahIM guNabhadrAcArya kA vaktavya samApta ho jAtA hai| jAna par3atA hai unhoMne usakA racanAkAla nahIM diyaa| unakA samaya zaka saM0 20 se pUrvavartI hai / usa samaya akAla varSa ke sAmanta lokAditya baMkApura rAjadhAnI se sAre vanavAsa dezakA zAsana kara rahe the| taba zaka saM0 20 piMgala nAma ke saMvatsara meM paMcamI (zrAvaNa vadI 5) budhavAra ke dina bhavya jIvoM ne uttara purANa kI pUjA ko thI / guNabhadrAcArya ke ziSya muni lokasena ne uttarapurANa kI racanA karate samaya apane guru ko sahAyatA kI. 1 zrAtmAnuzAsana - meM 266 zloka haiN| jinameM AtmA ke anuzAsana kA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai / yaha guNabhadrAcArya kI svataMtra kRti hai| isameM samyagdarzana samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyak taparUpa cAra ArAdhanAoM kA svarUpa sarala rIti se diyA hai| grantha meM carcita viSaya upayogI zrIra sva-para-sambodhaka hai| graMtha manana karane yogya hai| isa para paMDita prabhAcandra kI eka saMskRta TIkA hai jo saMkSipta aura sarala hai / grantha hindI aura saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha jIvarAja graMthamAlA zolApura se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isameM anuSTupa sahita AryA, zikhariNo, hariNI, mAlinI, pRthvI, mandrAkrAntA vaMzastha, upendrA, rathoddhatA, gIti, vasantatilakA, stragdharA, zArdUlavikrIDita aura 1. ikSI rivAsya pUrvAddhaM mevAbhAvi rasAvaham / yathAtathAstu niSpattiriti prArabhyate mayA // 14 2. guruNAmeva mAhAtmyaM yadapi svAdu madvacaH / tarUNAM hi svabhAvossI yatphalaM svAdu jAyate // 17 3. nirdhAnti hRdayAdvAco hRdi me guravaH sthitAH / saMskAribhyante tanna me'tra parizramaH // 18 4. purANaM mAgaMmAsAdya jinasenAnugA dhruvam / bhavAndheH pAramicchanti purANasya kimucyate // 16 5. kapa kAlAbhyantara vidhArayadhikASTa zatamitAbdAnte / maMgalamahArthakAriNi piMgala nAmini samasta jana sukhade || 35 1 H

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navama aura dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 185 vetAlI zrAdi chandoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai / kavitA prabhAvazAlinI aura sarasa tathA alaMkAra sahita hai, usameM subhASitoM kI kamI nahIM hai / aura kAvya ke guNoM se yukta hai / freerita bhI inakI kRti batalAyA jAtA hai| vaha saMskRta kA eka kAvya grantha hai| jisameM jinadatta kA jIvana paricaya aMkita hai| aura jo mANika candra granthamAlA se mUla rUpa meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / zAkaTAyana zAkaTAyana (pAlya kIrti) -- yApanIya saMgha ke AcArya the / yApanIya saMgha kA bAhya zrAtAra bahuta kucha digasvaroM se milatA thA / ye nanna rahate the para zvetAmbara Agama ko zrAdara kI dRSTi se dekhate the| zAkaTAyana (palya koti ) ne to strImukti aura kevala yukti nAma ke do prakaraNa bhI likhe haiN| jo prakAzita ho cuke haiN| inakA vAstavika nAma pAlyakIrti thA / parantu zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke kartA hone ke kAraNa zAkaTAyana nAma se prasiddha ho gae the / vAdirAjasUrine apane pArzvanAtha carita meM unakA nimna zabdoM meM smaraNa kiyA hai kutarasyA tasya sA zaktiH pAtyakIrtermahaujasaH / zrIpada zravaNaM yasya zAdikAnkurute janAn // isameM batAyA hai ki usa mahAtejasvI pAlyakIrti kI zakti kA kyA varNana kiyA jAya, jisakA 'zrI' pada zravaNa hI logoM ko zAbdika yA vyAkaraNajJa kara detA hai / zAkaTAyana ko zrutake validezIya 'AcArya likhA hai| jisakA artha zruta kevalI ke tulya hotA hai| pANini 5-3-67 ke anusAra dezIya zabda tulyatA kA vAcaka hai| cintAmaNiTIkA ke kartA yakSavarmA ne to unheM 'sakalajJAna sAmrAjya padamAptavAn kahA hai / zAkaTAyana kI pravRtti hai| usakA prArambha 'zrImamRta jyotiH zrAdi maMgalAcaraNa se hotA hai / vAdirAja sUri ne isI maMgalAcaraNa ke 'zrI' pada ko lakSya karake yaha bAta kahI hai ki pAlyakoti ( zAkaTAyana ) ke vyAkaraNa kA prArambha karane para loga vaiyAkaraNa ho jAte haiM / isakA nAma zabdAnuzAsana hai / zAkaTAyana nAma bAda ko pracalita huA hai / zAkaTAyana kI amoghavRtti meM, Avazyaka, cheda sUtra, niryuvita kAlika sUtra prAdi granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| usase jAna par3atA hai ki yApanIya saMgha meM zvetAmbara granthoMke paThana-pAThana kA pracAra thaa| aparAjita sUri ne to dazakAlika para TIkA bhI likhI thii| amoghavRtti meM 'upasarvaguptaM vyAkhyAtAraH' kahakara zAkaTAyana ne sarva gupta zrAcArya ko sabase bar3A vyAkhyAtA batalAyA hai / saMbhava hai ye sarvagupta muni vahI hoM jinake caraNoM meM baiThakara ArAdhanA ke kartA zivArya ne sUtra aura artha ko acchI taraha samajhA thA / zAkaTAyana yA pAlyakIrti kI tIna racanAeM upalabdha haiN| zabdAnuzAsana kA mUla pATha usakI pramodhavRtti aura strImukti kevalibhukti prakaraNa rAjazekhara ne apanI phAvyamImAMsA meM pAtyakIrti ke matakA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki- yathA tathA vAstu vastuno rUpaM vaktR prakRtivizeSAyattAtu rasavattA / tathA ca yamathaMraktaH stIti taM virakto vinindati madhyasthastu tatrodAste iti pAlyakIrti / " isase jJAta hotA hai ki pAtyakIrti kI aura bhI koI racanA rahI hai / zAkaTAyana ke zabdAnuzAsana para sAta TIkAe~ likhI gaI haiM: 1. amoghavRtti, svayaM pAtyakIrti dvArA 2. zAkaTAyana nyAsa- prabhAcandra kRta nyAsa 3. cintAmaNiTIkA yakSa varmAkRta ' 1. sthAni manIM vRti sahRzyevaM laghIyasI / sampUrNa lakSaNAvRtirvakSyate yakSavaNA / /

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186 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 4. maNi prakAzikA - cintAmaNi ko prakAzita karane vAlI TIkA, jisake kartA ajitasena haiM / 5. prakriyA saMgraha- isake kartA abhayacandra haiM / 6. zAkaTAyana TIkA - vAdiparvatavatra bhAvasena zravidyadevakRta / inakI eka kRti vizva tattva prakAza nAma kI hai yaha graMtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| 7. rUpasiddhi dayApAla muni kRta / yaha dravir3a saMgha ke vidvAna the| inake guru kA nAma matisAgara thA / 'khyAte dRzye' sUtra kI jo zramodhavRtti dI hai, usameM nimna udAharaNa diyA hai- "pradahadamoghavarSA'rAtInaamoghavarSaM ne zatruoM ko jalA diyaa| isa udAharaNa meM grantha kartA ne amoghavarSa ( prathama ) kI apane zatrunoM para vijaya pAne kI jisa ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai| ThIka usI kA jikra zaka saM0 832 (vi0 saM0 667 ) ke eka rASTrakUTa zilAlekha meM nimna zabdoM meM kiyA hai- 'bhUpAlAn kaNTakAbhAna veSTayitvA dadAha / isakA artha bhI vahI hai -pramogha varSa ne una kAMTe jaise rAjAnoM ko gherA aura jalA diyA jo usase ekAeka viruddha ho gaye the / yadyapi ukta zilAlekha amoghavarSa ke bahuta pIche likhA gayA thA, isa kAraNa parokSArthaM vAlI 'dadAha' kriyA dI hai| yaha usake samakSa kI ghaTanA hai / isameM * bAgmurA ke dAnapatra' meM jo zaka saM0 786 (vi0 saM0 624 ) kA likhA huA hai isa ghaTanAkA ullekha hai-- usakA sArAMza yaha hai ki gujarAta ke mAlika rAjA ekAeka bigar3akara khar3e hue aura unhoMne dhamoghavarSa ke viruddha hathiyAra uThAye taba usane una para car3hAI kara dI aura unheM tahasa-nahasa kara ddaalaa| isa yuddha meM dhruva ghAyala hokara mArA gayA 1 amoghavarSa zaka saM0 736 (vi0 saM0 771) meM siMhAsanArUta hue the / aura yaha dAnapatra zaka saM0 824 ) kA hai / ataH siddha hai ki amodhavRtti zaka saM0 736 se 786 san 14 se 867 taka ke madhya kisI samaya racI gaI hai / aura yahI samaya pAtyakIrti yA zAkaTAyana kA hai / ugra vitmAcArya ugra bityAcArya zrInandI muni ke ziSya the / ugradityAcArya ne inhIM se jJAna prApta karake unhIM kI zrAjJA se kalyANakAraka nAmaka vaidyaka grantha kI racanA kI hai| yaha zrInandi muni ke ziSya the| ugradityAcArya ne zrInandi se jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| ugradityAcArya ne nRpatuGgavallabharAja ke daravAra meM mAMsa bhakSaNa kA samarthana karane vAle vidvAnoM ke samakSa mAMsa kI niSphalatA ko siddha karane ke lie kalyANakAraka nAma ke vaidyaka graMtha kI racanA kI hai| nRpataMga (amoghavarSa) rASTrakUTavaMza ke rAjA the| unhIM ke rAjyakAla ke rAmagiri parvata ke jinAlaya meM baiThakara grantha banAyA thaa| graMtha meM dazaratha guru kA bhI ullekha hai| jo vIrasenAcArya ke ziSya the| isase bhI ugradityAcArya kA samaya 8 vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa jAna par3atA hai / prazasti meM ullikhita viSNurAja paramezvara kA koI patA nahIM cltaa| ki ve kisa vaMza ke aura kahAM ke rAjA the / grantha meM 25 adhikAra haiM- aura zloka saMkhyA pAMca hajAra batalAI jAtI hai / svAsthya saMrakSaka, garbhotpatti vicAra, svAsthya rakSAdhikAra-sUtravarNana, dhanyAdi, guNa, guNavicAra, dhannapAna vidhi varNana, rasAyana vidhi, vyAdhi samuddeza, yAta vyAdhi cikitsA, pittavyAdhi-cikitsA, zleSma vyAdhi cikitsA, mahAvyAdhi cikitsA, kSudraroga cikitsA, bAlagraha bhUtamantrAdhikAra, sarpaviSa cikitsA zAstrasaMgraha taMtrayukti karma cikitsA, bhaiSajya karmApadrava cikitsA, sarveSa karma vyApa cikitsA, rasAyana siddhAdhikAra, nAnAvidha kalpAdhikAra | grantha prAyurveda kA hai| jo solA purase prakAzita ho cukA hai, para vaha isa samaya mere sAmane nahIM hai cikitsA zAstra kA acchA grantha hai / 2. epi grAphimA Dika jildA 150 54 3. iNDiyana eNTikverI ji 12 pR0 181 i 1 1

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navamI aura dazavI zatAbdI ke AcArya mahAvIrAcArya (gaNitasAra ke kartA) mahAvIrAcArya-rASTrakaTa vaMzI rAjA amoghavarga (prathama) ke gamakAlIna the| unhoMne apane gaNitasAra ke prArambha meM nAmoghavarSa ke dIkSA lekara sagasvI bana jAne para unake sapasmo jIvana kA ullekha kiyA hai| prathama padya meM pramoghavarSa ko prANI rUpI sasya samUha ko sampUSTa, niraM ti va niravagraha karane vAlA aura sveSTa ritapo batalAyA hai| yahAM rAjA ke Iti nivAraNa aura anAvRSTirUpa vipatti ke nivAraNa ke sAtha-sAtha saba prANiyoM ke prati abhaya aura rAga-dveSa rahita upekSA vRtti kA uho| speSTa hitaM nibhAyamasesaSTaIka he Atma kalyANa parAyaNa ho gae the| dUsare pakSa meM unake pAparUpI zatruoM kA unakI cittavRtti rUpa sojvAlA meM asma hone kA ullekha hai| rAjA apane zatrayoM ko krodhAgni meM bhasma karatA hai, unhoMne kAma-kodhAdi antaraMga zatruoM ko kaSAya rahita cittavatti se naSTa kara diyA thA / ataeva ve pravandhya kopa ho gae the| tIsare pada meM unake samasta jagata ko vazIbhUta karane, kintu svayaM kisI ke vazIbhUta na hone se pUrva makaradhvaja kahA hai| jaure padya meM unako eka carikakAbhaMjana' padavI kI sArthakatA siddha kI hai| rAjamaMDala ko vaza karane ke atirikta yahAM spaSTataH tapasyA vaddhi-dvArA saMsAra cakra paribhramaNa kA kSaya karane kA ullekha hai| pAMcaveM padya meM unakI vidyA prApti aura maryAdAnoM ko vajavedikA dvArA unakI jJAnavRddhi aura mahAvratoM ke pratipAlana kA ullekha aMkita kiyA gayA hai 'ratna garma vizeSaNa se unake darzana, jJAna yora cAritra rUpa ratnatraya kA bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai| unake 'yavANyAta cAritra ke jaladhi' vizeSaNa dvArA unake pUrNa muni aura utkRSTa dhyAnI hone kA spaSTa saMketa hai| kyoMki yathAkhyAta cAritra jaina siddhAnta ko viziSTa saMzA hai, jo muni sakala cAritra dvArA bhAvavizuddhi se kaSAyoM ko upazamita yA kSoNa kara detA hai vaha yayAkhyAta cAritra kA dhArI hotA hai / antima patra meM unake ekAnta ko chor3akara syAdvAdanyAya kA avalambana lene kA spaSTa ullekha hai / aise nRpatuMga ke zAsana kI vRddhi kI prAzA kI gaI hai| proNitaH prANisasyaudho nirIti niSagrahaH / zrImatAmoghavarSeNa yena sveSTahita viNA // 1 pAparUpAH parA yasya cittavRttihavirbha ji / bhasmasAddhAvamIyaste'vandhyakopo'bhavattataH // 2 vazIkurvan jagatsarca svayaM nAnu vAH paraM / nAbhibhUtaH prabhustasmAdapUrvamakaradhvajaH / / 3 yo vikrmkmaakraaNtckickrkRtkriyH| cakrikAbhajano nAmnA cakrikA bhajano'UjasA / / 4 yo vidyAnadyadhiSThAnoM maryAdAbanavedikaH / ratnagarbho yathAkhyAtacAritrajaladhimahAn // 5 vizvastaikAntapakSasya syAdvAdanyAyavAjinaH / devasya napataM gasya vardhatAM tasya zAsanam // 6 mahAvIrAcArya ne anya ke prArambha meM gaNita ko prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki lokika, vaidika, paura sAmAyika jo jo vyApAra haiM una saba maiM gaNita saMkhyAna kA upayoga hai| kAma zAstra, arthazAstra, gAndharva zAstra, nATaya zAstra, pAkazAstra, Ayurvedika aura vastu vidyA evaM chanda alaMkAra, kAvya taka vyAkaraNa yAdi kalAnoM ke samasta guNoM meM gaNita atyanta upayogI hai| sUrya prAdi grahoM kI gati ko jJAta karane, grahaNa meM grahoM yuti, prazna arthAta dika deza kAla ko jAnane tathA candramA ke parilekha meM, dvopoM samudroM, aura parvatoM kA saMkhyA, vyAsa aura paridhi pAtAla loka, madhyaloka jyotirloka, svarga naraka, zreNibaddha bhavanoM, sabhAbhavanoM pIra gumdAkAra mandiroM ke prabhANa gaNita kI sahAyatA se hI jAne jA sakate haiN| prANiyoM ke saMsthAna, unakI Ayu, yAtrA aura saMhitA Adi se sambandha rakhane vAle sabhI viSaya gaNita se hI jJAta hote haiN| andhakAra ne likhA hai ki tIrthakara aura unakI ziSya praziSyAdi kI prasiddha guru paramparA se Aye hue

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188 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 saMkhyAna rUpI samudra meM se ratna kI taraha, pASANa se kAMcana kI bhAMti athavA zuktiyoM se muktA phala kI taraha sAra nikAla kara apanI zakti anusAra gaNita sAra saMgraha ko kahatA huuN| jo laghu hote hue analpArthaka hai / gaNita sAra saMgraha meM caubIsa ghaMka taka kI saMkhyA kA ullekha karate hue unake nAma isa prakAra diye haiM, eka, daza, zata, sahasra, dazasahasra, lakSa, dazalakSa, koTi, dazakoTi, zatakoTi, arbuda, kharva, padma mahApadma, kSaNI, mahAkSoNI, zaMkha, mahAzaMkha kSiti, mahAkSiti, kSoma, mahAkSoma / aMkoM ke liye zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai, jaise tona ke liye ratna, chaha ke liye dravya, sAta ke liye tattva, pannaga aura bhaya, ATha ke liye karma, tanu aura mada, no ke liye go padArtha yAdi / laghuttama samApavartaka ke viSaya meM anusandhAna karane vAloM meM mahAvIrAcArya vidvAnoM meM prathama gaNitajJa the, jinhoMne lAghavArtha niruddha, laghuttama samApavartaka kI kalpanA kii| mahAvIrAcArya ne niruda kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai- 'chedoM ke mahattama samAparvaka aura usase bhAga dene para prApta labdhiyoM kA guNanaphala niruddha kahalAtA hai / isa taraha yaha graMtha gaNita kI aneka vizeSatAoM ko liye hue haiN| bhAratIya gaNitajJa vidvAnoM ne usakI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai - DA0 zravavezanArAyaNa siMha ne dhavalA TIkA kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai ki mahAvIrAcArya kA gaNitasAra saMgraha graMtha sAmAnyarUpa se brahma gupta zrIdharAcArya, bhAskara tathA anya hindU gaNitajJoM ke graMthoM ke samAna hote hue bhI bahuta sI bAtoM meM unase pUrNataH zrAge hai / gaNitasAra meM guNavarIla pUla, chinna, samaccheda, bhAgajAti, prabhAgajAti, bhAgAnubandha bhAgamAtR jAti trairAzika, saptarAzika, navarAzika, bhANDa, pratibhANDa, vyavahAra, mizraka vyavahAra bhAvyakavyavahAra, eka patrIkaraNa, zreNIvyavahAra, khAnavyavahAra, citivyavahAra, chAyA vyavahAra zrAdi gaNitoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| rekhAgaNita, bIjagaNita, aura pArTI gaNita kI dRSTi se yaha grantha mahatvapUrNa hai / isa para eka saMskRta TIkA bhI upalabdha hai / inakI do kRtiyAM aura haiM jyotirjJAnanidhi, maura jAtaka tilaka | govindarAja kI uttarabhArata kI vijaya kA kAla san 806 se 808 taka siddha hotA haiN| jaba ve san 14-15 meM siMhAsanArUr3ha hue, taba unakI avasthA chaha varSa kI thI / aura jaba 877 ke lagabhaga rAjya kArya kA parityAga kiyA, taba unakI Ayu 70 varSa se kucha kama hI jAna par3atI hai| usa samaya taka jinasenAcArya aura guNabhadra kA svargavAsa ho cukA hogA, isI kAraNa unakI prazastiyoM meM amoghavarSa ke muni jIvana kA ullekha nahIM ho skaa| isase lagatA hai ki mahAvIrAcArya ne apanA gaNitasAra saMgraha dIkSA lene ke uparAnta muni jIvana ke bhItara kisI samaya racA hogaa| ataH mahAvIrAcArya kA samaya IsavI san kI havIM sadI hai / grantha kA nayA eDIsana jIvarAja pranthamAlA zolApura se prakAzita ho cukA hai| aparAjita guru mUlasaMghastha sena saMgha ke mallavAdi guru ke praziSya aura sumati pUjyapAda ke ziSya the| inheM navasArI ji0 sUrata ke nAgasArikA jinAlaya ke liye 'hiraNya yogA' nAma kA kheta dAna meM diyA thaa| inakA samaya zaka saM0 743 san 821 aura vi0 saM0878 hai / kyoMki inheM vaha dAna ukta saMvat meM prApta huA thA / - (epigrAphiyA iMDikA ji0 21 pR0 133) (iNDiyana eNTikverI vA0 21 pR0 133) I lokasena ( guNabhadrAcArya ke pramukha ziSya ) Starrer ke ziSyoM meM pramukha ziSya the / loka sena kI prazasti 26 veM padya se prArambha ho jAtI hai / unhoMne guru ko vinaya rUpa sahAyatA de kara sajananoM dvArA bahuta mAnyatA prApta kI thii| usa samaya rASTrakUTa nareza akAla varSa pRthvI kA pAlana kara rahe the| unake pAsa hAthiyoM kI bahuta bar3I senA thI, jinhoMne apane mada se gaMgA ke 1. Altekar, The Rashtra Kutas and their times P. 71-72 2. vidita sahaja zAstro lokaseno munIzaH kaviravikala vRttastasya ziSyeSu mukhyaH / satatamiha purANe prA sAhAyya mucce - guM savinaya manISInmAnyatAM svastha sadbhiH // 28, u0 pu0 pra0

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189 navamI dazavIM pAtAbdI ke AcArya pAnI ko bhI kar3A kara diyA thA / usakA rAjya uttara meM gaMgA ke taTa taka pahuMca gayA thaa| lokasena ko prazasti ke anusAra usa samaya vahI samrATa thaa| usa samaya baMkApura jana-dhana se sampanna nagara thA, use vanavAsa deza kI rAjadhAnI banane kA bhI gaurava prApta hai lokasena baMkApura ke nivAsI the| yaha dhAravADa jile meM sthita hai / lokasena ne uttara purANa kI apanI prazasti ke 153 padya meM guNabhadrAcArya kI stuti karate hue likhA hai ki-'be guNabhadrAcArya jayavaMta raheM, jo samasta yogiyoM ke dvArA bandanIya haiM, saba zreSTha kaviyoM meM agragAmI haiM, AcAryoM ke dvArA vandanA karane yogya haiM, jinhoMne madana ke vilAsa ko jIta liyA hai, jinakI koti rUpA patAkA samasta dizAnI meM phaharA rahI hai| jo pAparUpI vRkSa ko kATane ke liye kuchAra ke samAna hai, aura samasta rAjAnoM ke dvArA vandanIya hai|' lokasena ne yaha prazasti mahAmaMgalakArI piMgala nAmaka zaMka saMvata zrAvaNa dadi paMcamI guruvAra ke dina, pUrvA phAlguNI sthita siMhalagna meM, jabaki budha pAnakSatra kA, zani mithuna rAzi kA, maMgala dhanu rAzi kA, rAha tulA rAzi kA, sUrya karka rAzi kA aura vRhaspati vRSarAzi para thA taba yaha uttarapurANa pUrA huA'yaha grantha samApti kI tithi nahIM kintu usakA pUjA mahotsava manAyA gayA thaa| para isa padya para se yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki gaNabhadrAcArya usa samaya jIvita the| saMbhavata: usa samaya unakA deva loka ho cukA thaa| usa samaya baMkApura meM prakAla varSa kA sAmanta lokAditya vanavAsa deza para zAsana kara rahA thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI baMkApura thii| inake pitA kA nAma bakeya yA baMkarAja thaa| usI ke nAma para ukta nagara basAyA gayA thaa| isakI dhvajA para cola kA cinha thaa| inake pitA aura bhAI bhI celadhvaja the| lokasena ne unheM jainadharma kI vRddhi karane vAlA mahAna yazasvI batayA hai / cUki loka sema ne apanI prazasti zaka saM.20 (san 818) meM likhI hai, prata unakA samaya IsA ko navamI zatAbdI antima caraNa hai| zrIveva zrI deva kamalabhadra ke ziSya the| inhoMne saM0 616 Azvina zuklA 14 vahaspativAra ke dina lagchagirI (devagar3ha) meM stambha sthApita kiyA / devagar3ha kA purAnA nAma lacchagiri hai| jaina zilAlekha saM0 bhA02 pR0 150 svayambhU kavi svayambhU-kA janma brAhmaNa kula meM huyA thA, parantu jaina dharma para prAsthA ho jAne ke kAraNa, unakI usa para pUrI niSThA evaM bhakti thii| kavi ke pitA kA nAma mAruta deva aura mAtA kA nAma padminI thaa| kavi ne svayaM 1. pasyotuga mataMgajA nijamada strotasvinI sNgmaad| gAGga vAri kalaMki taM kaTa muhuH pIsvAdhya gandhataSaH // 29 u. pu0pra0 2. akAlavarSabhUgale pAlayasyakhilAmilAm / 3. sabamati guNabhadraH sarvayogIndra vandhaH sakalakavivarANAmanimaH sUricandyaH / jina madanavilAso vizcalaskoti mota-ritatarukuThAraH sarvabhUpAlayandhaH / / 42 4. zakanTama kAlAbhyantaravizatyadhikASTAtamitAmdAnte / maMgalamahAryakAriNi piMgala nAmani samasta janasukhade / / 35 zrI pambamyA budhAyuiji divasaje mantrivAre sudhAMze, pUrvAza siMhalagne dhanuSi dharaNije saihike ye tulAyAm / sUrya zukle kulore gavica suragurI niSThita bhampavayaH / prAptejyaM sarvasAraM jagati vijayate puNyametatturANam / / 36 --u0 pu0pra0 5. dekho, uttarapurANa pra. lo0 4, 5, 6 (32 se 34) 6. paramiNI gama saMbhUe, mAruya deva aNurAye / paramaca01 pR. 2

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* jana dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhagATa apane chanda grantha meM mAruta deva kA ullekha kiyA hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki ve kavi ke pitA hI hoM / putra dvArA pitA ko kRtikA ullikhita honA koI zrAzvayaM kI bAta nahIM hai| kavi ko tona patniyAM thiiN| Aditya devI jisane prayodhyA kAMDa lipi kiyA thaa| dUsaro pramA (amRtAsthA) jisane paumacariya ke vidyAdhara kANDa kI 20 saMdhiyAM likhavAI thIM aura tIsarI subvA, jisake pavitra garbha se 'tribhuvana svayaMbhU jaMsA pratibhAsampanna putra utpanna huA thA, jo apane pitA ke samAna ho vidvAna aura afa thaa| isake sivAya anya putrAdika kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| kintu jAna par3atA hai ki svayaMbhU ke anya putra bhI the| kyoMki svayaMbhU ne pauma cariu kI prazasti ke AThaveM padya meM tihuyaNa svayaMbhU lahutaNau, vAkya dvArA tribhuvana svayaMbhU ko laghu putra kahA, laghu putra kahane se anya putroM ke hone kA bhI saMketa milatA hai| tribhuvanane aneka jagaha apane pitA ke sambandha meM bahuta sI bAteM kahI haiN| unase spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki svayaMbhU ke kaI putra aura ziSya the / anya putra to dhana ke pIche daur3e, kintu tribhuvana ko pitA ko sAhityika virAsata milii| kavivara svayaMbhU zarIra se dubale-patale aura unnata the, unako nAka capaTI aura dAMta virala the| kavi svayaMbhU kozala deza ke nivAsI the| jinheM uttarIya bhArata ke AkramaNa ke samaya rASTrakUTa rAjA dhruva kA maMtrI rayaDA dhanaMjaya mAnyakheTa le gayA thA / rAjA dhruva kA rAjyakAla vi0 saM0837 se 851 taka rahA hai ' / dhanajaya, dhavalaiyA aura daiyA ye tInoM pitA putra Adi ke rUpa meM sambaddha jAna par3ate haiN| unakA kavi ke grantha nirmANa meM sahAyaka rahanA zruta bhakti kA paricAyaka hai / samaya kavi ne grantha meM apanA koI samaya nahIM diyA hai, parantu padmacarita ke kartA raviSeNa kA smaraNa jarUra kiyA hai / prAcArya raviSeNa ne padmacarita ko vIra nirvANa saM0 1203 vi0 saM0 733 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai / yataH svayaMbhU vi0 saM0 733 ke bAda kisI samaya hue haiN| zreya paM0 nAthUrAma jI premIne likhA hai ki-svayaMbhUne riTTaNemi cariu meM harivaMza purANa ke kartA punnATa saMtrI jinasena kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, ho sakatA hai ki ukta ullekha kisI kAraNa chUTa gayA ho, yA unheM likhanA svayaM yAda na rahA ho| riTThamicariu kA dhyAna se samokSaNa karane para yA manya sAmagrI se anusandhAna karane para yaha spaSTa jarUra ho jAyagA ki granthakartA ne usako racanA meM usakA upayoga kiyA yA nhiiN| bhaTTAraka yazaH kIrtike uddhAra kAla se pUrva kI koI prati 15 vIM zatAbdI ko likhI huI kahIM mila jAya to usa samasyA kA hala zIghra ho sakatA hai / svayaMbhU ke putra tribhuvana svayaMbhU ne 'riTTaNemicariu' kI 104 vIM saMdhi meM prAkRta saMskRta mora apabhraMza ke ke lagabhaga pUrvavartI kaviyoM ke nAma ginAye haiM / unameM jina senAcArya aura guNabhadrAcArya kA bhI nAmollakha kiyA hai| unakA ullekha nimna prakAra hai| 70 devila, paMcAla, gayanda, Izvara, gIla, kaMThAbharaNa, mohAkalasa (mohakalaza) lolUya (loluka) bandhudatta, haridatta, dohala, bANa, piMgala, kalamiyaMka, kulacandra, madanodara, gauDa, zrIsaMghAta, mahAkavi turaMga, cArudatta, rudda (rudra) raMjja, kavila zrahamAna, guNAnurAga, dumha, IsAna, iMdraka, vastrAdana, nArAyaNa, mahaTTa, sohappa, kIrtiraNa, pallavakiti, guNiddha, gaNeza, bhAsaDa, pizuna, gobinda, nepAla (betAla) visayaGa, nAga, paNDayatta, sugrIva, pataMjali, borasena malliSeNa madhukara caturAnana (caumukha) saMghasena, baMkuya, varddhamAna siddhasena, jIva yA jIvadeva, dayorvArida, meghAla vilAliya, puNDarIka, vasudeva, bhIuya, puNDarIka, dRDhamati, gRhatthi bhAvakSa, yakSa, droNa, paNabhadra, zrIdatta dharmasena, jinasena, : 1. sabvoti jomoha vittAya vidvatta davtra saMtA / tihUSaNa saMbhUNA paNa gahiyaM mukaita - saMtANaM // -- antima 2. aeNa pahara garne chivvaraNa se parivadate / pa0 3. hindI kAvyadhArA pu0 23 3, 7, 9 aura 10 0 1 0 24

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! ! navamI-dazavIM zatI ke davArya dinakara, jAga, dharma, guNabhadra, kuzala, svayaMbhUdeva, vIravaMdaka, sarvanandi, kalikAbhadra, nAgadeva aura bhavanaMdi ina kaviyoM meM jaina jaMtara prAkRta saMskRta aura apabhraMzabhAke kavi zAmila haiN| jaise goviMda, malliSeNa, caturAnana, saghana varddhamAna, siddhasena zrIdatta, dharmasena, jinasena, jinadatta, guNabhadra, svayaMbhUdeva, sarvanandi, nAga deva aura bhavanandi Adi jaina kavi pratIta hote haiN| saMbhava hai, inameM aura bhI cAra pAMca nAma hoN| kyoMki unakA graMtha parivAda ke binA ThIka parijJAna nahIM hotaa| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki unase pUrva zraneka kavi apabhraMza ke bhI ho gaye haiM / ina meM ullikhita guNabhadrAcArya rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNa dvitIya ke zikSaka the| guNabhadra kA samaya vikrama kI 10 vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai| ho sakatA hai ki svayaMbhU guNabhadra ke samaya nahIM rahe hoM, kintu tribhuvana svayaMbhU to maujUda the| isI se unhoMne unakA nAmollekha kiyA hai| jinasena ne apanA harivaMza purANa zaka saM0 705 vi. saM0 840 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| svayaMbhU ne jaba apanA grantha banAyA, usa samaya guNabhadra nahIM hoNge| kintu harivaMza purANa ke kartA ke samaya taka the avazya rahe hoNge| ataH rimicariu ke raciyatA svayaMbhU deva ke samaya kI pUrvAvadhi vi0 se 800 aura uttarAvayi vi0 saM0 600 mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM jAna pdd'to| ataeva svayaMbhU vikrama ko 6 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna hone cAhiye / yadi rayaDA dhanaMjaya ko bAta svIkRta ko jAya, to rASTrakUTa dhruva kA rAjya kAla visa 8370851 taka rahA hai| isase bhI svayaMbhU deva kA samaya vikrama kI 8 vIM zatAbdo kA madhya kAla sunizcita hotA hai| isase svayaMbhUdeva putrATa saMghIya jinasena ke prAyaH samakAlIna jAna par3ate haiM / kannar3a kavi jayakIrti ne 'chandonuzAsana' nAma kA grantha banAyA hai, usako hastalikhita prati saM0 1162 kI jaisalamera ke zAstra bhaDAra meM surakSita hai / yaha graMtha eca0 DI0 velaMkara dvArA sampAdita ho cukA hai| isa grantha meM kavine svayaMbhU chanda ke 'nandinI' chanda kA ullekha kiyA hai| kRSi jaya kIrtikA samaya vikrama ko dazavIM zatAbdo kA pUrvArdha yA nauvIM zatAbdI kA upAntya honA cAhiye kyoMki dazavIM zatAbdI ke kavi asama ne jayoti kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase bhI svayaMbhU kA samaya 6 vIM zatAbdI AtA hai / racanAe~ EK afe svayaMbhU tribhuvana svayaMbhU kI tIna racanAe~ upalabdha haiM / pauma cariu, riTaNemicariu aura svayaMmU chanda / inameM paumacariu yA rAmakathA bahuta 'sundara kRti hai| isameM 60 sandhiyAM haiM, jo pAMcakANDoM meM vibhakta haiN| vidyAdhara kANDa meM 20, ayodhyAkANDa meM 22, sundara kANDa meM 14, aura uttarakANDa meM 13 sandhiyAM haiN| jinameM svayaMbhU deva racita 83 sandhiyAM haiN| zeSa unake putra tribhuvana svayaMbhU dvArA racI gaI haiM / grantha meM prArambhika pIThikA ke anantara jambUdvIpa kI sthiti, kulakaroM kI utpatti, ayodhyA meM RSabhadeva kI utpatti tathA jIvana paricaya, laMkA meM devatAoM aura vidyAdharoM ke vaMza kA varNana, ayodhyA meM rAjA dazaratha aura rAma-lakSmaNa zrAdi kI utpatti, bAlyAvasthA, janaka kI putrI sItA se vivAha, rAma-lakSmaNa sItA kA vanavAsa, saMbrUka maraNa, sItAharaNa, rAvaNa se rAmalakSmaNa kA yuddha, sugrIva Adi se rAma kA milApa, lakSmaNa ke zakti kA laganA aura upacAra Adi / vibhISaNa kA rAma se milanA, rAvaNa maraNa, laMkA vijaya, vibhISaNa ko rAjya prApti, rAma-sItA- milana, ayodhyA ko prasthAna, bharata dIkSA, va tapazcaraNa, sItA kA lokApavAda se nirvAsana, lava-kuza utpatti, sItA kI agni parIkSA, dIkSA aura tapazcaraNa, lakSmaNa maraNa, rAma kA zokAkula honA, aura prabuddha hone para dIkSA lekara tapazcaraNa karake kaMvalya prApti aura nirvANa lAbha, AdikA savistara kathana diyA huA hai| isa grantha meM rAma kathA kA vahI rUpa diyA hai, jo vimalasUri ke pauma cariu meM aura raviSeNa ke padmacarita meM pAyA jAtA hai / grantha meM rAmakathA ke una sabhI aMgoM kI carcA kI gaI hai jinakA kathana eka mahAkAvya meM bhAvazyaka hotA hai / isa dRSTi se paumacariu ko mahAkAvya kahA jAya to koI atyukti na hogI / grantha meM koI durUhatA nahIM haiM, vaha sarala zrIra kAvya-saundarya kI anupama chaTA ko liye hue haiN| samUcAvarNana kAvyAtmaka saundarya aura sarasatA se srota prota hai, par3hate hue chor3ane ko jI nahIM cAhatA / kavitA kI zailI jahAM kathA-sUtra ko lekara zrAge bar3hatI hai aura vahAM vaha saralatA tathA svAbhAvikatA kA 1. jaina graMtha prazasti saMgraha bhA0 2 prastAvanA pR0 46 /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 132 nirvAha karatI hai / kintu jahAM kavi prakRti kA citraNa karane lagatA hai, vahAM eka se eka alaMkRta saMvidhAna kA zrAzraya kara U~tI ur3Ane bharatA hai / godAvaroM kI upamA draSTavya hai- godAvarI nado vasudhArUpo nAyikA kI baMkita phainAvalI ke valaya se alaMkRta dAhinI bAMha hI ho| jise usane vakSasthala para muktAhAra dhAraNa karane vAle pati ke gale meM DAla rakkhA hai / kavi kI kucha paMktiyAM vasudhA kI roma-rAji sadRza jAna par3atI haiM" / yuddha meM lakSmaNa ke zakti lagane para ayodhyA ke dhantApura meM striyoM kA vilApa kitanA karuNa hai 'duHkhAtura hokara sabhI rone lage, mAnoM sarvatra zoka hI bhara diyA ho / bhRtyajana hAtha uThA uThA kara rone lage, mAnoM kamalavana himavana se vikSipta ho uThA ho / rAma kI mAtA sAmAnya nAroM ke samAna rone lagI, sundarI urmilA hataprabha ho rone lagI, sumitrA vyAkula ho uThI, rotI huI sumitrA ne sabhIjanoM ko rulA diyA kavi kahatA hai ki kAruNya pUrNa kAvyakathA se kisa ke prAMsu nahIM prA jAte / bharata aura rAma kA vilApa kise vigalita nahIM karatA / isI taraha rAvaNa kI mRtyu hone para vibhISaNa aura mandodarI ke vilAsakA varNana kevala pAThakoM ke netroM ko hI sikta nahIM karatA, pratyuta rAvaNa-mandodarI aura vibhISaNa ke udAtta bhAvoM kA smaraNa karAtA hai| isI taraha aMjanA sundarI ke viyoga meM pavanaMjaya kA vilApa citraNa bhI saMsAra ko vicalita kiye binA nahIM rahatA / grantha meM RtuoM kA kathanato naisargika hI hai, kintu prakRti ke saundarya kA vivecana bhI apUrva huA hai| nArI citraNa meM rASTrakUTa nArI kA citraNa bar3A hI sundara hai / kavi ne rAma aura sItA ke rUpa meM puruSa aura nArI kA ramaNIya tathA svAbhAvika citraNa kiyA hai| puruSa zrIra nArI ke sambandhoM kA jaisA udAtta aura yAthA tathya citraNa sItA kI agni parIkSA ke samaya huA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hai grantha meM sItA ke amita dhairya, sAhasa aura udAtta guNoM kA varNana nArI kI mahattA kA dyotaka hai, usake satItva ko bhAbhA ne nArI ke kalaMka ko dhodiyA hai| grantha kA kathA bhAga kitanA citrAkarSaka hai, ise batalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| sahasrArjuna kI jala kIr3A kA varNana advitIya hai / yuddha ke varNana meM bhI kavi ne apanI kuzalatA kA paricaya diyA hai jise par3hate hI sainikoM ke prayANa kI dhvani kAnoM meM gUMjane lagatI hai aura zabda yojanA to usake utsAha kI saMvardhaka hai hI / 1. pherAva kiya valayAlakiya, mahi vaha atariyA / jahi bhattAra ho motiya-hAra ho, bA~ha sAriya dAhiyA / " paumacariu 2. "baviNArAviha rukkharAI, NaM mahikura bahu ahiM roma rAI / / " vahI / 3. "dukkhA u rovai sayalu loDa, gaM capivicavi bhariu sou / rovai bhiccya samuhahatya, kamala-saMDa hima-pava patyu || rovai arA iva rAma jAriza, kekaya dAika taka mUla-khArie / rovara suppa vicchApa jAya, royai sumita somitti-mAya || hA guru putta kehi gaoma, kisalie baccha caleM osi / hA puttu garaM tuma jo hasi vadaveNa keNa viccho osi / battA-ze vaMtie laksara mArie, sayala loDa rovAdi sAi kavva kahAe jiha, kovaNa asumuAviyatra // " 4.dekho ra saMdhi 6701 4, saMdhi 66 10-12 / paumacariu, saMdhi 66-- 13 5. dekho, paumacariu 06.4-11, 76.2-3 / 6. dekho. sabhi 14,6 7 sisA koha ke vi sumita gutta, sukalasa-catta moha /

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1 : i navamI aura dazavIM vAtAbdI ke AcArya 193 kucha dUsarA grantha 'riTumicariu' hai jisameM 112 saMdhiyAM aura 1637 kaDavaka haiN| inameM 66 sandhiyAM svayaMbhU dvArA racI gaI haiMSa 13 sandhiyAM svayaMbhU ke putra tribhuvana svayaMbhU kI banAI huI haiM / kintu antima sandhiyAM afuData ho jAne ke kAraNa bhaTTAraka yazaHkIti ne apane guru gugakIrti ke sahAya se gopAcala ke samIpa sthita kumAra nagara ke paNiyAra caityAlaya meM usakA samuddhAra kiyA thA aura pariNAma svarUpa unhoMne ukta sthAnoM meM apanA nAma bhI aMkita kara diyaa| grantha meM cAra kANDa haiN| yAdava, kuru, yuddha aura uttara kANDa / prathama kANDa meM 13 sandhiyA~ haiN| jinameM kRSNa janma, bAlalIlA, vivAhakathA, pradya umna Adi kI kathAe aura bhagavAna neminAtha ke janma kI kathA dI huI hai| ye samudravijaya ke putra aura kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| dUsare kANDa meM 16 sandhiyAM haiM, jinameM kaurava pANDavoM ke janma, bAlyakAla, zikSA zrAdi kA kathana, paraspara kA vaimanasya, yudhiSThira kA ta krIr3A meM parAjita honA, dropadI kA cIra haraNa, tathA pAMDavoM ke bAraha varSa ke vanavAsa Adi kA vistRta varNana haiM / tRtIya kANDa meM 60 sandhiyAM haiN| kaurava pANDavoM ke yuddha varNana meM pANDavoM kI vijaya aura kauravoMkI parAjana yAdi kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| aura uttara kANDa ko 20 sandhiyoM meM kRSNa kI rAniyoM ke bhavAMtara, gajakumAra kA nirvANa, dvIpAyanamuni dvArA dvArikAdAha, kRSNanidhana, balabhadrazoka, halavara dIkSA, jaratkumAra kA rAjyalAbha pANDavoM kA gRhavAsa, moha parityAga, dIkSA, tapazcaraNa aura upasarga sahana tathA unake bhavAMtara prAdi kA kathana, bhagavAna neminAtha ke nirvANa ke bAda 77 vIM saMdhi ke pazcAt diyA huA hai| riTamicariu kI saMdhi puSpi kAnoM meM svayaMbhU ko dhabalaiyA kA prAzrita, aura tribhuvana svayaMbhU ko bandaiyA kA prazrita batalAyA hai / matsya deza ke rAjA virATa ke sAle kocaka ne dropadI kA sabake sAmane apamAna kiyA / kavi kalpanA dvArA use mUrtimAna banA detA hai / yamadUta kI taraha kIcakane dropadI kA keza-pAza pakar3a kara khIMcA aura use lAtamArI / yaha dekhakara rAjA yudhiSThira mUrcchita ho ge| bhImaropa ke mAre vRkSa ko ora dekhane lage ki ise kisa taraha maare| kintu yudhiSThira ne paira ke aMgUThe se unheM manA kara diyaa| udhara pura kI nAriyAM vyAkula ho kahane lagIM ki isa dagdha zarIra ko dhikkAra hai, isane aisA jaghanya kArya kyoM kiyA ? kulIna nAriyoM kA to gratha maraNa hI ho gayA, jahAM rAjA hI durAcAra karatA ho, vahA sAmAnya jana kyA kareMge ? so teNa vilakkhI huvaeNa, praNulage jiha jama dUyae / bire hi dhare vicalaNehi haya, vektahaM rAyahaM muccha gaya / maNi rosa pavaTTiya ballabhaho, phira deha viTTha tara pallava ho / maru bhAramimacchu sa - mehaNaDaM, paTTavami kayaMta ho pAhuNajaM / to taba sue prATTaeNa, viNivArija calaNaM guTThaena / osArija vizrayaru saNiyau, puravara NAriu AdaNNiyau / fr-fear sarI kAI phiDa, kulajAyahaM jAyahaM maraNa thiu / jahi para duccAriu samAyaradda, nahi jaNa tamyaSNu kAI karaI // saMdhi 28-7 grantha meM vIra, zrRMgAra, karuNa aura zAnta rasoM kA mukhya rUpa se kathana hai / vIra rasa ke sAtha zRMgAra rasa kI abhivyakti apabhraMza kAvyoM meM hI dRSTigocara hotI hai / alaMkAroM meM upamA aura zleSa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| hfa frativIra, bhUSavva tugadhIra / sAravya apamA, kuMjarabva dissnnaarnn| ke sarivya unakesa, canta sabda - jIviyAsa / kevi sAmi matti-vaMta, maccharAggi- pajjalaMta kebiAha abhaMga, kukumaM masAhi graMga (paumacariu 57-2

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164 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa---bhAga 2 isI saMdhi ke 15veM kar3avaka meM dropadI ke apamAna se Rddha bhIma kA aura kIcaka kA paraspara bAhu yuddha kA varNana bhI sajIva huA hai :--- raNa meM kuzala bhIma aura kocaka donoM eka dusare se bhiDa ge| donoM hI hajAroM yuvA hAthiyoM ke samAna balavAle the| donoM hI parvata ke bar3e zikhara ke samAna lambe the| donoM hI megha ke samAna garjanA vAle the| donoM ne hI apane apane oMTha kATa rakhe the, unake mukha krodha se tamatamA rahe the / netra guMjA (ciramaTI ghu vacI) ke samAna lAla ho gae the| donoM ke bakSasthala AkAza ke samAna vizAla aura donoM ke bhujadaNDa paridhi ke samAna pracaMDa the| kavi ne zarIra kI asAratA kA digdarzana karate hue likhA hai ki mAnana' kA yaha zarIra kitanA dhinAvanA aura zirAnoM-snAyuoM se baMdhA hA asthiyoM kA eka DhAMcA yA poTTala mAtra hai| jo mAyA aura madarUpI kacare se sar3a rahA hai, mala paMja hai, kRmi kIToM se bharA hamA hai, pavitra gava vAle padArtha bhI isase durgandhita ho jAte haiM, mAMsa aura rudhira se pUrNa carma vRkSa se ghirA hamA hai.--camar3e kI cAdara se DhakA huA hai, durgandha kAraka AMtoM kI yaha poTalI aura pakSiyoM kA bhojana hai| kaluSatA se bharapUra isa zarIra kA koI bhI aMga caMgA nahIM hai| camar3I utAra dene para yaha duSprekSya ho jAtA hai, jala bindu tathA sUradhana ke samAna asthira aura vinazvara hai| aise ghuNita zarIra se kauna jJAnI rAga karegA? yaha vicAra hI jJAnI ke liye vairAgyavardhaka hai| tIsarIkRti svayaMbhU chanda grantha hai, jo prakAzita ho cukA hai aura jisakA sampAdana eca. DI. velakara ne kiyA hai| tribhuvana svayaMbhU ne unheM, 'chanda cUr3AmaNi' kahA hai| isase ve chanda vizeSajJa the, isakA sahaja hI AbhAsa ho jAtA hai| isa graMtha meM prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASA ke chandoM kA svarUpa maya udAharaNoM ke diyA gayA hai| isake antima adhyAya meM gAhA, aDilla, aura paddhaDiyA prAdi svopajJa chandoM ke udAharaNa diye haiN| unameM jinadeva kI stuti hai / grantha ke anta meM koI paricayAtmaka prazasti nahIM hai| isa grantha kA sabase purAtana ullekha jayakoti ne apane chandonuzAsana meM kiyA hai| jisameM svayaMbha ke nandinI chanda kA ullekha hai| isase spaSTa hai ki svayaMbha ke chanda grantha kA 10vIM zatAbdI meM pracAra ho gayA thaa| jayakIti kA samaya vikrama kI dazamI zatAbdI hai| jayakIti kannaDa prAnta ke nivAsI aura digambara jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the| svayaMbha chanda grantha meM apane granthoM ke atirikta anya grantha kartAoM ke bhI udAharaNa diye haiN| 'bammaha lilaba' ke udAharaNa meM (6-42 meM) paumacariu kI 65vIM sandhi kA pahalA padya diyA hai / raNAvalI' ke udAharaNa meM (6-74) meM 77voM sandhi ke 13veM kaDavaka kA antima padya hai / isa taraha yaha uMda grantha mahatvapUrNa hai| tribhuvanasvayaMbhU ne, jo svayaMbhU kA laghuputra thA usane apane pitA ke paumacariu, harivaMzapurANa aura paMcamI carita ko samhAlA thA, unakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai| isakA alaga paricaya nahIM likhaa| svayaMbhU deva ne 'paMcamIcariu' grantha bhI banAyA thaa| kintu vaha anupalabdha hai| paumacariu meM likhA hai ki 1.to bhiDivi parodhayaraNa kurAla, viSNi vi evaNAya sahassa-bala / vipie vi giri taMga-siMga sihara, digiNadhi jala harakha gahira gira / vipiNa vi daTTo8 rudda bayaNa, viNi vi gaMjAla sama-NapaNa / viSiNa vi gahmala giru-vacchapala, viNi vi parihovama-bhuja-juyala / - riTTharaNemicarita 28-15 2. dekho, riTThANe micariu 54-11 3. tumha pa kamalamUle amhaM jiNa dukkha bhAvata vipaaii| Dhuru lulliyAI jievara jaM jArapasu taM karejjAsu / / 38 ---jiNagAmeM chidevi mohajAla, upajjaha devallasAmi saalu| jigaNAmeM kammaI NiddaleSi, moknagge paisina suha lahevi / / 44 4. jayakIti ne apane chanda grantha meM svayaMbha ke nandinI chanda kA ullekha kiyA hai| to yo tathA papa panirjito jarau, svayaMbhudeveza mate tu nandinI // 22 // 5. haNavaMta raNe paridevijaI risiyarehi / raNaM gayaNayale bAladivAyara jalaharehi / / 6. suravara DAmaru rAvaNu daTTa jAsu jgkNbi| abhA kahi mahu cukka evaNAi sihi japai / /

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navamI dazavI zatAbdI ke AcArya 165 yadi svayaMbhU deva ke laghuputra tribhuvana na hote to unake paddhaDiyAbaddha paMcamI carita' ko kauna saMbhAratA? isase spaSTa hai ki svayaMbhU ne paMcamI carita kI racanA kI thii| svayaMbhU vyAkaraNa-- svayaMbhUdeva ne svayaMbhU chanda ke samAna apabhraMza kA vyAkaraNa bhI banAyA thaa| paumacariu ke eka pA meM likhA hai ki apabhraza rUpa matavAlA hAthI taba taka hI svacchandatA se bhramaNa karatA hai jaba taka ki usa para svayaMbhU vyAkaraNa rUpa aMkuza nahIM pdd'taa| isase unake vyAkaraNa gratha banAye jAne kA spaSTa nirdeza hai, para khaMda hai ki vaha anupalabdha hai| abhayanandi abhayanandi--dhyAkaraNa zAstra ke niSNAta vidvAna the| inakA vyAkaraNa-viSayaka jJAna kevala janendra pyAkaraNa taka hI sImita nahIM thA, kintu pANinIya vyAkaraNa aura pataMjali mahAbhASya meM bhI unakI apratyAhata gati thii| abhayanandi kI eka mAtra kRti 'mahAvRtti' hai, jo janendra vyAkaraNa kI sabase bar3I TIkA hai| mahAvRtti ke sthala unake vyAkaraNa viSayaka abhUta pUrva pANDitya kA nidarzana karAte haiN| yathA-112166 sUtra ko vyAkhyA meM 'pravitapya' prayoga kI siddhi ke sambandha meM jo vicAra kiyA hai vaha anyatra nahIM miltaa| mahalA -- abhayanandi kRta mahAvRtti kA parimANa bAraha hajAra zloka jitanA hai| yadyapi mahAvRtti kArane kAzikA kA upayoga kiyA hai, kintu donoM kI tulanA karane se jJAta hotA hai ki abhaya nandi ne jo udAharaNa diya haiN| ve kAzikA meM upalabdha nahIM hote| jaise-1|4|15 ke udAharaNa meM anuzAlibhadram prADyAH / 'anusamantabhadra tAkikA:' 411116 ke udAharaNa se 'upasiMha nandinaM kavayaH' / 'upasiddhasena vaiyaakrnnaaH'| saba vaiyAkaraNa siddhasena se hIna haiN| 1 / 310 ke udAharaNa meM 'pA kumAra yazaH samantabhadrasya' vAkyoM dvArA samantabhadra, sihandi aura siddhasena kA nAmollekha hai| mahAvRtti ke sUtra 3 / 2155 kI TIkA meM eka sthala para akalaGga deva ke tattvArthavArtika kA ullekha kiyA hai / ata: abhayanandI kA samaya akalaMka deva ke bahuta bAda kA jAna par3atA hai| lakSaNamavaja pAramanyai, rvyktmuktimbhidhaanvidhaudridrH| satsarvalokahagyapriyacAruvAkya vyaktI karotyabhayanandimuniH samastam / / kaThinatA se pAra pAne yogya jisa zabda lakSaNa ko daridroM ne vyAkhyA karane meM spaSTa nahIM kiyaa| usa sampUrNa zabda lakSaNa ko abhayanandi muni sabake hRdayoM ko priya lagane vAle sundara vAkyoM se spaSTa karatA hai| isa zloka ke pUrvAdha se spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki abhayanandi se pUrva jainendra vyAkaraNa para bhaneka vRttiyAM bana cakI thiiN| jinameM sUtroM kI pUrNa aura spaSTa vyAkhyA nahIM thii| isase mahAvRtti kI mahattA kA spaSTa bodha hotA hai| abhayamandI ne apane samaya kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA aura kisa rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM grantha kA nirmANa hayA, isakA bhI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| prataH abhayanandI kA samaya vivAdAspada hai| DAkTara velvekkara ne apane 'sisTama Apha saMskRta grAmara' meM abhayanandI kA samaya san 753 (vi0 maM0 807) mAnA hai| para mahAvRtti kA adhyayana karane se mahAvRtti kA racanAkAla havIM zatAbdI jJAta hotA hai / anantavIrya pranantavIyaM-ravibhadra pAdopajIvI the| inakI eka mAtra kRti "siddhi vinizcaya' TIkA hai / yaha prakalaGka vAGmaya ke paMDita the| aura unake vivecaka aura marmajJa the| prabhAcandra ne inakI uktiyoM se akalaGga debake duravagAha granthoM kA acchA abhyAsa aura vivecana kiyA thaa| prAcArya anantavIrya kI siddhi vinizcaya TIkA bar3I hI mahatvapUrNa hai, usameM darzanAntarIya matoM kI vistRta AlocanA kI gaI hai| TIkA meM dharmakIti, arcaTa, dharmottara aura prajJAkara gRta Adi prasiddha vidvAnoM ke matoM ke avataraNa uddhata kiye haiN| inake atirikta anantavIrya TIkA meM 'Uho mati mibandhanaH vAkya uddhRta kiyA hai| vidyAnanda ke tatvArtharaloka vArtika pRSTa 166 meM yaha vAsya isa rUpa meM upalabdha hai: 'samAropacchidraho'tra mAnaM matinibandhamaH' (tatvA0 zlo01-13-60 7. jahaNa hua chanda cUDAmaNisma tihuaraNasayaMbhu lahu tara u / to paddhaDiyA kaba siri paMcami ko smaareu|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - -bhAga 2 prata: vidyAnanda (I0840) kA avataraNa lene vAle tathA vidyAnanda ke uttaravartI anantavIrya ke svataH prAmANya bhaMga kA ullekha karane vAle anantabIyaM kA samaya IsA kI voM kA uttarArdha yA 10vI kA pUrva bhAga honA cAhiye / anantavIrya ne apanI TIkA ke pa0 246 meM karmabandha ke ekaraNa meM tadukta bAkya ke sAtha nimna zloka uddhRta kiyA hai : eSo'haM amakarmazarmaharatetadvandhanAnyAstravaH, te krodhAdidhazA: pramAdajanitAH krodhAvyaste'vatAt / mismAjJAna kRtAttato'smi satataM samyakatvavAna suvrataH, dakSaH kSINakaSAyayogatapasAM kattati sukto ytiH|| yaha zloka yazastilakacampU ke uttarArgha pR0 246 meM pAyA jAtA hai isI bhAva kA eka zloka guNabhadrAcArya ke prAtmAnuzAsana meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| prastyAtmAsti mitAvibandhanagataH tabandhanAnyAstravaiH, te krodhAvikRtAH pramAvajanitAH krodhAvayaste'khatAt / mithyAtvopacitAt sa eva samalaH kAlAdilabdhau kvacit, samyaktvavatadakSatAkaluSatAyogaiH kramAnmucyate // 241 ina donoM lokoM ke bimba prativimba bhAva hI nahIM kintu zabda racanA bhI milatI julatI hai| isase anantavIrya kA samaya somadeva ke bAda zaka saM0 881 san 656 I. ke Asa-pAsa honA cAhiye / hammaca ke zilAlekha meM anantavIrya ko vAdirAja ke dAdA guru zrIpAla vidyadeva kA sadharmA likhA hai / vAdirAja ke dAdA guru kA samaya 50 varSa mAna liyA jAya to anantavIrya kI sthiti 975 I0 ke pAsa-pAsa grAtI hai| isa samaya kA samarthana zAntisUri (I0 san 663-1047) aura vAdirAja (1015 I0) ke dvArA kiye anantavIrya ke ullekhoM se ho jAtA hai| prabhAcandra anantavIrya kI uktiyoM ko suna sakate haiN| DA0prAdinAya neminAtha upAdhye ne ke0 vI0 pAThaka kI AlocanA karate hue anantavIrya kA samaya IsA kI 8vIM sadI kA pUrvArdha batalAyA hai / parantu vaha DA. mahendra kumAra jI ko mAnya nahIM hai, unakA kahanA hai ki anantavIrya kI samayAvadhi san 150 se 110 taka nizcita hotI hai / devendra saiddhAntika devendrasaddhAntika-mUla saMgha, dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha aura kundakundAnvaya ke vidvAna traikAlayogI ke ziSya the| inake vidyAguru guNanandI the| jinake tIna sau ziSya the| unameM 72 ziSya utakRTa koTi ke vidvAna aura vyAkhyAna paTa the| unameM prasiddha muni devendra the, jo naya-pramANa meM nipuNa the| yaha caturma mba deva ke nAma se bhI prasiddha the, kyoMki inhoMne cAroM dizAoM kI ora mukha karake grATha-pATha upavAsa kiye the| yaha baMkApura ke prAcAryoM ke adhinAyaka the| 1. jaina lekha saM0 bha0 3 pR0 72, 2. nyAya kumudracandra pR0 76, 3.jaina darzana varSa 4 aMka, 4. siddhivinizcaya prastAvanA pR087 5. zrI mUlasaMgha-dezIyagaNa-pustaka gacchataH / jAtastrakAla yogIza: kSIrAbdheriva kaustubhaH // 35 taccAritra vadhU putraH zrI devendra munIzvaraH / siddhAntikAgraNIstasmai baiMkeyo (yAmadAnmu) dA / / 36 -jaina le0 saM0 mA 210 145 6. tacchiSyAstri nAvivekanidhayazAstrAbdhi pAraGgatA -- steSUtkRSTatamA dvisaptatimitAssiddhAntazAstrArthakadhyAsthAne paTavo vicitra caritAsteSa prasiddho mani:: nAnAnUnanaya-pramANa nipuNo devendra saMddhAntikaH / / -jaina lekha saM0 bhA01102 7. bakApura munIndro'bhUda' devendro gandra sadguNaH / / siddhAntAdyAgamArtho sajJAnAdi guNAnvitaH ||-jn lekha saM0 bhA02 pR0116

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI AcArya zaka saM072 san 860 ke tAmrapatra se jJAtA hai ki amodha varSa prathama ne apane rAjya ke 52veM varSa meM mAnya kheTa meM jainAcArya devendra ko dAna diyA thaa| amoghavarSa ne yaha dAna apane adhInastha rAja karma cArI baDUya ko mahatyapUrva sevA ke upalakSya meM kolanara meM baDUya dvArA sthApita jinamandira ke liye devendra muni ko saleyUra nAma kA purA gAMva aura dUsare gAvoM kI kucha jamIna pradAna kI thii| yaha dAna zaka saM0782 (san 860- vi0 saM0 617) meM diyA gayA thaa| isase devendra saiddhAntika kA samaya IsA kI navamI aura vikrama kI dazamI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai| inake ziSya kaladhautanandI the| jinakA paricaya nIce diyA gayA hai| kalapotanandi kasautanandi malasaMgha dezIya gaNa pustaka gaccha ke vidvAna guNanandi ke praziSya aura devendra saiddhAntika ke ziSya the| baDe bhArI saiddhAntika aura paMcAkSarUpa unnata gaja' ke kaM bhasthala ko phAr3akara muktAphala prApta karane vAle kezarI siMha the| vidvAnoM ke dvArA stUta aura vAkya rUpI kAminI ke vallabha the| caM ki devendra saiddhAntika ko rASTrakUTa rAjA amodha varSa prathama ne baDUya dvArA sthApita jinAlaya ke liye 'kolanara' meM 'taleyUra' nAmakA grAma aura dUsare grAmoM kI kucha jamInaM pradAna kI thiiN| yaha lekha zaka saM072 sana - vi.saM. 197) kA liyA iyA hai| ata: kaladhautanandi kA samaya bhI IsA ko navamI (vi. kI 10) zatAbdI ho sakatA hai| (jaina lekha sa0 bhA0 2 pR0 141) vRSamanandI siSaNa saiddhAntika muni kA ullekha prAyazcittake eka saMskRta graMtha jItasArasamuccaya, ko prazasti meM kiyA gayA hai| inheM mAnyakheTa meM maMjUSA meM kundakundAcArya 'nAmAMkita' jItopadezikA' nAma kA anya prApta humA thaa| aura jo saMbharI sthAna meM cale gaye the| unhIM munirAja ne usakI vyAkhyA vRSabhanandI ko kI thI taba vRSabhanandI, jo nandanandI ke ziSya, aura rUkSAcArya ke praziSya the / jItasAra samuccaya grantha kI racanA saMskRta padyoM meM kI thii| paura harSanandI ne sundara akSaroM meM likhA thA / vRSabhanandI kA yaha grantha mahatvapUrNa hai, isameM prAyazcinta kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isakA prakAzana honA caahiye| yaha ajamera ke bhaTTArakIya zAstra bhaNDAra meM maujUda hai| isase inakA samaya navamI zatAbdI jAna par3atA hai| tacchiSyaH kaladhautanandimunipassaddhAntacakrezvaraH, pArAvAraparItadhAriNi kulabyAptorukItIzvaraH / pazcAkSommadakumbhidalana pronmukta muktA phalaprAMzu prAJcita kesarI budhanuto vAkkAminI ballabhaH / / 10 -jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 pR. 72 2. mAnyAkheTe maMjUSekSI saiddhAntaH siddhabhUSaNaH / sujIrNA pustikA jainI prApyi saMbharI gataH // 34 zrI koMDa kundanAmAMkA jItopadezadIpikA / byAkhyAtA madahitArthana mayApyuktA yathArthataH / / 35 sadguroH sadupIna kutA bRSabhanandinA / jItAdisAra saMkSepo naMdyAcA caMdutArakaM 36 3. dekho, anekAntavarSa 14 ki0 1 0 27 meM purAne sAhitya kI khoja lekha /

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166 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 sarvanandi bhaTTAraka sarvanandi bhaTTAraka-kundakumdAnbaya ke eka caTTa gada bhaTTAraka (miTTI ke pAtra dhArI) ke ziSya zrI sarvanandi bhadrAraka ne isa (koppala) nAmaka sthAna meM nivAsa kara yahAM ke nagaravAsI logoM ko aneka upadeza die pora bahuta samaya taka kaThora tapazcaraNa kara sanyAsa vidhi se zarIra kA parityAga kiyaa| yaha sarvanandi saba pApoM kI zAnti kreN| yaha lekha zaka saM0803 san 881 (vi0 saM0638) kA hai| ataH ina sarvanandi kA samaya IsA kI havIM aura vikrama kI dazamI zatAbdI kA pUrvAdha hai| (Jainism in Sauth India Po 523) prAcArya vidyAnanda vidyAnanda- apane samaya ke prasiddha tArkika vidvAna the| grApakA jaina tAkika vidvAnoM meM viziSTa sthAna hai| yApakI kRtiyAM prApake atulatalasparzI pANDitya aura sarvatomukhI pratibhA kA pada-pada para anubhava karAtI haiM / aApakI aSTa sahasrI aura tattvArtha ilokavArtikAdi kRtiyoM se jahAM aApake mizAla vaidupya kA patA calatA hai vahIM unakI mahattA aura gaMbhIratA kA bhI parijJAna hotA hai| prApakI kRtiyoM apanA sAnI nahIM rkhtiiN| jaina darzana una kRtiyoM se gauravAnvita hai| jaina paramparA meM vidyAnanda nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| parantu prastuta vidyAnanda una saba se jyeSTha, prasiddha pauraprAcIna bahuzruta vidvAna haiM / yadyapi unhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM jIvana-ghaTanA aura samayAdi kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA, phira bhI anya sUtroM se uno mA kA pari jAtA hai| AcArya vidyAnanda kA janma brAhmaNa kula meM hazrA thaa| ve janma se honahAra aura pratibhAzAlI the / ataeva unhoMne vaizeSika, nyAya mImAMsA, vedAnta prAdi vaidika darzanoM kA acchA abhyAsa kiyA thA, aura bauddhadarzana ke mantabyoM meM vizeSatayA dignAga, dharmakIti aura prajJAkara mAdi prasiddha bauddha vidvAnoM ke dArzanika granthoM kA bhI paricaya prApta kiyaa| isa taraha ve darzana zAstra ke prakANDa vidvAna bne| aura jaina siddhAnta ke granthoM ke bhI be viziSTa abhyAsI the| jAna par3atA he vidyAnanda usa samaya ke vAda-vivAda meM bhI sammilita hue hoM to koI Azcarya nahIM / ho sakatA hai unheM jaina aura bauddha vidvAnoM ke madhya hone vAle zAstrArthoM ko dekhane yA bhAga lene kA avasara bhI prApta hamA ho| ve apane samaya ke niSNAta tArkika vidvAna the| aura tAphika vidvAnoM meM unakA U~cA sthAna thaa| unhoMne jaina dharma kaba dhAraNa kiyA, isakA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| para ve jaina dharma ke kevala viziSTa vidvAna hI nahIM the; kintu jainAcAra ke saMpAlaka muni puMgava bhI the| unakI kRtimo unake atula talasparzI pAMDitya kA pada-pada para bodha karAtI haiN| jaina paramparA meM vidyAnanda nAma ke aneka vidvAna prAcArya aura bhaTTAraka ho gaye haiN| para ApakA una saba meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| vidyAnanda prasiddha vaiyAkaraNa, zreSTha kavi, advitIyavAdi, mahAna saiddhAntika, mahAn tAkika, sakSama prajJa aura jina zAsana ke sacce bhakta the| aApakI racanAoM para gaddhapicchAcArya, svAmI samantabhadra, zrIdatta, siddhasena, pAtrasvAmI bhaTTAkalaMkadeva aura kumAranandi bhaTrAraka Adi pUrvavartI vidvAnoM kI racanAoM kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| prApa kI do taraha kI racanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| TIkAtmaka aura svataMtra / mApakA koI jIvana paricaya nahIM miltaa| aura na mApake jIvana se sambandhita ghaTanAoM kA hI koI ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| prApane aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai| jinake nAma isa prakAra hai : 1. tattvArtha zlokavArtika, 2. aSTasahasrI (devAgamAlaMkAra, aura yuktyanuzAsanAlakAra ye tIna TIkA grantha haiN| aura vidyAnanda mahodaya, prAptaparIkSA, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, satyazAsana parIkSA, aura zrIpura pAzvanAtha stotra, ye saba unakI svatantra kRtiyAM haiN| tattvArya ilokavAsika-yaha gaddhapicchAcArya ke tatvArtha sUtra para vizAla TIkA hai| jisake pazca vArtiko para unhoMne svayaM gadya meM bhASya athavA vyAkhyAna likhA hai| yaha apane viSaya kI prameya bahula TIkA hai| prAcArya vidyAnanda ne isa racanA dvArA kumArila aura dharmakIti jaise prasiddha tAkika vidvAnoM ke janadarzana para kiye gae 1. vidyAnanda nAma ke anya vidvAnoM kA sathAmdhAna paricaya diyA gayA hai, pAThaka unakA vahAM avalokana kreN|

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C navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 161 zrAkSepoM kA sabala uttara diyA hai| aura jainadarzana ke gaurava ko unnata kiyA hai-- baDhAyA hai| bhAratIya darzana sAhitya meM aisA eka bhI graMtha dikhAI nahIM detA, jo isakI samatA kara ske| isa graMtha meM kitanI hI carcAeM grapUrva haiM / zraura vastu tattva kA vivecana bar3I sundaratA se diyA huA hai| isake bhrAghunika sampAdita saMskaraNa kI AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki san 1918 meM prakAzita saMskaraNa anupalabdha hai, phira vaha azuddha aura truTipUrNa hai / bhraSTasahastrI - (devAgamAlaMkAra ) - yaha zrAcArya samantabhadra ke devAgama para likhI gaI vistRta zrIra mahatvapUrNa TIkA hai / devAgama para likhI gaI kalaMka deva kI durUha aura duravagAha aSTazatI vivaraNa ( devAgamabhAvya ) ko antaH praviSTa karate hue usakI pratyeka kArikA kA vyAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| vidyAnanda yadi bhraSTazatI ke durUha aura jaTila pada-vAkyoM ke gUDha rahasya kA udbhAvana na karate to vidvAnoM kI usameM gati honA saMbhava nahIM thA / unhoMne aSTasahastrI meM kitane hI naye vicAra aura vistRta carcAeM dI huI haiM, jinase pAThaka usake mahatva kA sahaja hI anumAna kara sakate haiM / vidyAnanda ne svayaM likhA hai ki hajAra zAstroM ko sunane se kyA, akelI praSTa sahasrI ko suna lIjiye usI se samasta siddhAMtoM kA parijJAna ho jAyagA / unhoMne kumArasena ko uktiyoM se bhraSTa sahasrI ko vardhamAna bhI batalAyA hai| aura kaSTasahalI bhI sUcita kiyA hai| isa para laghu samantabhadra ne 'aSTasahasrI viSama pada tAtparya TIkA' aura zvetAmbarIya vidvAna yazovijaya ne 'aSTasahI tAtparyavivaraNa' nAma kI TIkAeM likhI haiN| cUMki devAgama meM daza pariccheda haiN| prata: bhraSTasahastrI meM daza pariccheda diye hue haiN| yukbhyanuzAsanAlaMkAra - yaha AcArya samantabhadra kA mahatvapUrNa aura gaMbhIra stotra graMtha hai| unhoMne zrAptamImAMsA ke bAda isakI racanA kI hai| AptamImAMsA meM antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI parIkSA kI gaI hai| aura parIkSA ke bAda unakI stuti kI gaI hai| isameM kula 64 padya haiM / pratyeka padma durUha aura gambhIra artha ko liye hue hai| usa para vidyAnanda kI 'yuktyanuzAsanAlaMkAra TIkA hai| jo padyoM ke bhAvoM kA udghATana karatI huI dArzanika carcA se zrota-prota hai| isa grantha kA paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne bar3e parizrama se hindI anuvAda kiyA hai, jisase grantha kA adhyayana sabake liye sulabha ho gayA hai| dUsarI hindI TIkA paM0 mUlacandra jI zAstrI mahAvIra jI ne kI hai, jo prakAzita ho cukI hai / vidyAnanda mahodaya - zrAcArya vidyAnanda kI yaha mahatvapUrNa prathama kRti thI / mAcArya vidyAnanda ne svayaM 'lokavArtikAdi granthoM meM usakA ullekha aneka sthaloM para kiyA hai| kheda hai ki vidyAnanda kI yaha bahumulya kRti anupalabdha hai | zvetAmbarIya vidvAna vAdideva sUri ne 'syAdvAdaratnAkara meM usakA ullekha nimna vAkyoM meM kiyA hai" mahodaye ca - ' kAlAntarAvismaraNakAraNaM hi dhAraNAnidhAnaM jJAnaM saMskAraH pratIyate iti vadana vidyAnandaH) saMskAra dhAraNayorekArthya macakathat" / (syAdvAdaratnAkara pR0 349 ) / unakI isa maulika svataMtra racanA kA anveSaNa honA Avazyaka hai| AptaparIkSA - prAptamImAMsA kI taraha prAcArya vidyAnanda ne prAptaparIkSA meM tatvArtha sUtra ke maMgalAcaraNa tamokSamArga netRtva, karmabhUbhRddha tRva para vizvatatva jJAtRtva ina tIna guNa 'viziSTa prApta kA samarthana karate hue anyayoga vyavaccheda se Izvara, kapila, buddha aura brahma kI parIkSA pUrvaka prarhanta jina ko prApta nizcita kiyA hai| grantha meM 124 kArikAe hai| aura una para vidyAnanda svAmI kI prAptaparIkSAlaM kRti' nAma kI svopajJaTIkA hai| grantha kI bhASA sarala aura vizada hai / kArikAe sarala / aura TIkA kI bhASA sarala sugama bodhaka hai| isameM vastu tattva kA acchA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha paM0 darabArI lAla jI nyAyAcArya dvArA anuvAdita sampAdita hokara vIra sevAmandira se prakAzita ho cukA hai / pramANaparIkSA - yaha vidyAnanda kI tIsarI svataMtra kRti hai / isameM pramANa kA samyagjJAnatva lakSaNa karake usake bheda-prabhedoM kA viSaya tathA phala aura hetuoM kI susambaddha prAmANika aura vistRta carcA sarala saMskRta gadya meM 1. kaSTa sahI siddhA sA'STa sahasrIyamatra me puSyAt / zazvadabhISTa-sahatrI kumArasenoti varSamAnArthI ||

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 200 kI gaI hai / grantha Adhunika sampAdana kI vATa joha rahA hai| patra- parIkSA- isameM darzanAntarIya patra lakSaNoM kI samAlocanA pUrvaka jaina dRSTi se patra kA sundara lakSaNa kiyA hai| pratijJA aura hetu ko anumAnAGga pratipAdita kiyA hai / satya-zAsana parIkSA- isameM puruSAdvaita Adi 12 zAsanoM kI parIkSA kI pratikSA kI gaI hai| kintu 6 zAsanoM kI parIkSA pUrI aura prabhAkara zAsana kI adhUrI parIkSA upalabdha hotI haiM / yaha graMtha DA0 gokulacanda jo ke sampAdakatva meM bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI se prakAzita ho cukA hai / zrI purapAvanAya stotra - yaha 30 padyAtmaka stotra grantha hai| jisameM zrIpura ke pArzvanAtha kA stavana kiyA gayA hai / isameM vidyAnanda ne sragdharA, zArdUla vikrIDita, zikhariNI aura bhandA kAntA chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / isa stotra meM samantabhadrAcArya ke devAgamAdika stotra jaisI tArkika zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai| aura kapilAdika maiM anAptatA batalAkara pArzvanAtha meM prApta patA siddha kiyA gayA hai, aura unake bItarAgatva, sarvajJatva aura mokSamArgapraNetRtva ina asAdhAraNa guNoM kI stuti kI gaI hai| rUpakAlaMkAra kI yojanA karate hue ArAdhya deva kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| yathA zaraNyaM nAthA'rhan bhaya-bhava bhavAraNya-vigati cyutA nAmasmAkaM niravara-vara kAruNya-nilayaH / yato gappAtpuNyAcirataramapekSyaM tava padaM pariprAptA bhaktyA vayamacala- lakSmIgRha midam // 29 he nAtha! he arhan ! Apa saMsArarUpI vana meM bhaTakane vAle hama saMsArI prANiyoM ke liye zaraNa hoM, thApa hameM apanA Azraya pradAna kara saMsAra paribhramaNa se mukta kareM, kyoMki Apa pUrNatayA karuNAnidhAna haiN| hama cirakAla se Apa ke padoM kI apekSA kara rahe haiN| Aja bar3e puNyodaya se mokSa lakSmI ke sthAna bhUta bhApa ke caraNoM kI bhakti prApta huI hai| stotra meM bhASA kA pravAha maura udAtta zailI mana ko apanI ora AkRSTa karatI hai / yaha stotra paM0 darabArI lAla jI kI hindI TIkA ke sAtha vIra sevA mandira se prakAzita ho cukA hai ? prAcArya vidyAnanda kA samaya prAcArya vidyAnanda ne maSTasahasrI ke prazasti padma meM kumArasena kI uktiyoM se use pravardhamAna batalAyA hai / isase vidyAnanda kumArasena ke uttaravartI haiN| kumAra sena kA samaya 783 se pUrvavartI hai| kyoMki kumArasena kA smaraNa punnATasaMghI jinasena (zaka saM0 705 - san 763) ne harivaMza purANa meM kiyA hai| isase kumArasena vi0 saM0 840 se pUrvavartI haiN| usa samaya unakA yaza vardhamAna hogaa| ataH vidyAnanda kA samaya san 775 se 640 pramANita hotA hai / prAcArya vidyAnanda ne tattvArthazloka vArtika kI grantima prazasti meM nimna padya diyA hai :-- 'jIyAtsajjanatA''bhayaH ziva-sudhA dhArAvadhAna prabhuH, dhvasta vvAnta-tatiH samunnatagatistIvra pratApAnvitaH / projyoti rivAvagAhana kRtAnanta sthi tirmAnataH, sanmArgastritayAtmako'khila malaH prajvAlana prakSamaH // 30 isa padya meM vidyAnanda ne jahAM mokSamArga kA jayakAra kiyA hai| yahAM unhoMne apane samaya ke gaMganareza zivamAra dvitIya kA bhI yazogAna kiyA hai| zivamAra dvitIya pazcimI gaMgavaMzI zrIpuruSa nareza kA uttarAdhikArI aura usakA putra thA, jo I0 san 810 ke lagabhaga rAjya kA prAdhikArI huA thA / isane zravaNa belagola kI choTI 1. prastuta zrIpura dhAravADa jile kA zirUra grAma hI zrIpura ho| kyoMki zaka saM0 668 ( I0 san 776) meM pazcimI gaMgabaMzI rAjA zrI puruSa ke dvArA zrIpura ke jaina mandira ke liye diye jAne vAle dAna kA ullekha karane vAlA eka tAmrapatra milA hai| -- ( jaina si0 bhA0 bhA0 4 ki03 158 ) varjesa aura haNTara Adi aneka pAzcAtya lekhakoM ne besiMga jile ke sirapura ko prasiddha tIrthaM batalAyA hai| aura pArzvanAtha ke prAcIna mandira hone kI sUcanA kI hai| saMbhava hai isI nagara ke pArzvanAtha kI stuti vidyAnanda ne kI ho aura mahArASTra deza kA zrIpura nagara jahA~ ke antarIkSa pArakha nAtha kA mandira bhinna hI ho| jisake kueM ke jala se elaga rAya (zrIpAla ) kA kuSTa roga dUra huA thaa| isa sambandha meM anveSaNA karane kI AvazyakatA hai / 2. dekho harivaMza purANa 1-38

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navamI aura dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 201 pahAr3I para eka basadi banavAI thI, jisakA nAma 'zivamAranavasadi' thaa| candranAtha svAmI kI vasadi ke nikaTa eka caTTAna para kanar3I meM 'zivamArana vasadi' itanA lekha utkIrNa hai jisakA samaya san 10 mAnA jAtA hai| prastuta zivamAra dvitIya apane pitA zrIpuruSa kI taraha jaina dharma kA samarthaka thaa| vaha samarthaka hI nahIM kintu usake eka tAmrapatra sapramANita hotA hai ki vaha svayaM jana thaa| zivamAra kA bhatIjA vijayAditya kA putra rAcamalla satyavAkya' prathama zivamAra ke rAjya kA uttarAdhikArIhamA thaa| aura vaha sana 816 ke lagabhaga gaddI para baiThA thaa| vidyAnanda ne apane granyoM meM satyavAkyAdhipa kA ullekha kiyA hai| stheyAjjAta jayadhvajApratinidhiH probhatabhariprabhaH, pradhyastArivala-burnaya-dviSadibhiH sannIti-sAmarthyataH / sanmArga strividhaH kumArgamayano'rhan vIranAthaH zriye, zazvatsaMstutigocaro'naghadhiyAM zrIsatyavAkyAdhipaH // 1 proktaM yuktyanuzAsanaM vijayibhiH syAdvAkSamArgAnugavidyAnanda dharalaMkRtamidaM zrIsatyavAkyAdhipaH // 2 / / -yuktyanuzAsanAlaMkAra prazasti / jayanti nirjatAzeSa sarvathaikAntanItayaH / satyavAkyAdhipAH zazvavidyAnandA jinezvaraH / / -pramANa parIkSA maMgala padya vidyAnandaiH svAktyA kathamapi kaSitaM styvaakyaarthsiddhyH|| prApta parIkSA 123 ina saba pramANoM se spaSTa hai ki AcArya vidyAnanda kI racanAyeM 810 se 840 ke madhya racI gaI haiN| inhIM saba prAdhAroM se 50 darabArIlAla jI koThiyA ne bhI vidyAnanda kA samaya I0 san 775 se 140 taka kA nizcita kiyA hai| isase prAcArya vidyAnanda kA samaya IsA kI navamI zatAbdI sunizcita ho jAtA hai| prajjanandi (Aryanandi) tamila pradeza meM prajjanandi nAma ke prabhAvazAlI prAcArya ho gae haiN| unakA vyaktitva mahAna thaa| sAtavI zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM tamila pradeza meM jaina dharma ke anuyAyiyoM ke viruddha eka bhayAnaka vAtAvaraNa utthaa| pariNAma svarUpa vahA~ jaina dharma kA prabhAva kSINa ho gayA aura usake sammAna ko Thesa pahuMcI, aise viSama samaya meM mAyanandi mAge paaye| unhoMne samasta tamila pradeza meM bhramaNa kara jaina dharma ke prabhAva ko punaH sthApita karane ke liye jagaha-jagaha jaina tIrthakaroM kI mUrtiyAM aMkita kraaii| isase ajjanandi ke sAhasa aura vikrama kA patA calatA hai| unheM isa kArya ke sampanna karAne meM kitane kaSTa uThAne par3e hoMge, yaha bhuktabhogI hI jAnatA hai / parantu unakI AtmA meM jaina dharma kI kSINatA ko dekhakara jo TIsa utpanna huI usIke pariNAmasvarUpa unhoMne yaha kArya sampanna kraayaa| unakA yaha kArya 5vI havIM zatAbdI kA hai| unakA kAryakSetra madurA, aura trAvaNakora AdikA sthAna rahA hai| prArthanandi ne uttara mArakATa jile ke vallImale kI prora madurA jile ke prannamale, aivaramale, pralagaramale, 1.jana lekha saMgraha bhA0 1 pR. 327 2. dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma pR0 81 3. gaMga vaMza meM kucha rAjAoM kI upAdhi 'sasya vAkya thii| isa upAdhi ke cAraka I0 san 815 ke bAda prathama satya vAkya, dUsarA 870 se 107, tIsarA satya vAkya 120, aura cauthA 977,

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 karugAlakkuDI aura uttama pAlyam kI caTTAnoM para jainamUrtiyoM kA nirmANa krvaayaa| dakSiNa ko aura tilevello jile ke iruvAr3I (Eruvadi) sthAna meM mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa kraayaa| trAvaNakora rAjya ke citarAla nAmaka sthAna ke samIpa tiruccANaTu (Tiruchhanattu) nAmakI pahAr3I para bhI caTTAna kATa kara jaina mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa ko gaI hai / zrAnandikA yaha kArya mahatvapUrNa, tathA jainadharma kI prasiddha ke lie thA inakA samaya 8 vIM zatAbdI hai| 202 guNakIrti munIzvara muni guNakIrti melA tIrthaM kAreyagaNa ke vidvAna mUla bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the| aura jo atyanta guNI the / zrImanmailApatIrthasya gaNe kAreya nAmani / babhUvotapoyuktaH mUlabhaTTArako gaNo // tacchiSyo guNavAnsUri guNakIrti munIzvaraH / tasyApyAta (dra) kIrtisvAmI kAmamadApahaH // - jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 2 pR0 152 sauMdattI kA yaha zilAlekha zaka saM0 767 san 875 IsavI kA hai / ataH guNakIti kA samaya IsA kI navamI zatAbdI hai / inake ziSya indrakIrti the / indra koti indrakIti melApa tIrthaM kArayagaNa ke vidvAna guNakIrti ke ziSya the, jo kAma ke mada ko dUra karane vAle the / pADalI aura hannikeri ke zilAlekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki kAreyagaNa yApanIyasaMgha eka gaNa thA / aura sauMdattI navamI zatAbdI meM yApanIya saMgha kA eka pramukha kendra thA / mahAsAmanta pRthvIrAya rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNa tRtIya kA mahA sAmanta thaa| aura indrakIrti kA ziSya thA / usane eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAkara use bhUmi pradAna kI thii| ina indrakIrti ke pUrvaja bhI kAreya gaNa ke the / sauMdattI kA yaha lekha zaka saM0 717 san 875 IsvI kA hai, jo vahAM ke eka choTe mandira kI bAyIM ora dIvAla meM jar3e hue pASANa para se liyA gayA hai| isase inakA samaya IsA kI navamI zatAbdI hai| inake guru guNakIrti kA samaya bhI IsA kI navamI sadI hai' / aparAjitasUri (zrI vijaya ) aparAjita sUri-yaha yApanIya saMgha ke vidvAna the| candranandi mahAkarma prakRtyAcArya ke praziSya aura baladeva sUri ke ziSya the| yaha bhArAtIya mAcAyoM ke cUr3AmaNi the| jina zAsana kA uddhAra karane meM ghIra vIra tathA yazasvI the| inheM nAgatandi gaNi ke caraNoM kI sevA se jJAna prApta huA thaa| mora zrInandI gaNI kI preraNA se inhoMne zivAya kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI 'vijayodayA' nAma kI TIkA likhI thii| inakA apara nAma zrI vijaya yA vijayAcArya thA / paMDita AzAdhara jI ne inakA 'zrI vijaya' nAma se hI ullekha kiyA hai / bhagavatI zrArAdhanA kI 1167 nambara kI gAthA kI TIkA meM 'dazavaikAlika para vijayodayA TIkA likhane kA ullekha kiyA hai- "dazavaMkAlika TIkAyAM 'zrI vijayodayAyA~ prapaMcitA udgamAdi doSA, iti neha pratanyate / " ArAdhanA kI TIkA kA nAma bhI 'zrI vijayodayA' diyA hai / TIkA meM macelakatva kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| praura zvetAmbarIya uttarAdhyayanAdi granthoM ke 1. jaina lekha saM0 mA0 2 lekha na0 130 pU0 152 2. etacca zrI vijayAcArya viracita saMskRta mUlArAdhanA TIkAyAM susthita sUtre vistarataH samarthitaM / anagAra dharmAmRta TokA pu0 673) /

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nadhI aura dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya aneka pramANa bhI diye haiM / yaha yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya the| isa saMgha ke sabhI prAcArya nagna rahate the, kintu zvetAmvarIya Agama granthoM ko mAnate the aura savastra mukti aura kevala bhukti ko mAnate the| isa saMgha ke zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa ke kartA pAlyakoti ne strI mukti aura kevala mukti nAma ke do prakaraNa likhe haiM, jo mudrita ho cuke haiN| TIkA meM eka sthAna para bhUta aura bhaviSyat kAla ke sabhI jina acelavA haiN| meru prAdi parvatoM kI pratimAeM aura tIrthakara mArgAnuyAyo gaNadhara tathA unake ziSya bhI usI taraha acelaka haiN| isa taraha acelatA siddha hii| jinakA zarIra vastra se pariveSTita haiM ve vyUtsapTa, pralamba bhuja aura nizcala jinake sadaza nahIM ho sakate / / dazavavai. kAlika para TIkA likhane ke kAraNa 'pArAtIya cUr3AmaNi' kahalAte the| samaya Upara jo guru paramparA dI hai ye saba prAcArya yApanIya saMgha ke jAna par3ate haiN| aparAjita sUri ne likhA hai ki-"candranandi mahAkarmaprakRtyAcAyaziSyeNa prArAtIyari culAmaNinA nAganandigaNi-pAda-papopasevAjAtamativalena baladeva sUriziSyeNa jinazAsanoddharaNadhIreNa lavdhayazaHprasareNAparAjitasUriNA zrInandigaNinAvacoditena rcitaa|" candranandI kA sabase purAnA ullekha abhI taka jo upalabdha huA hai vaha zrI puruSa kA dAnapatra hai, jo 'govarSaya' ko I0 san 776 meM diyA gayA thaa| isameM guru rUpa se vimalacandra, kolinandI, kumAranandA aura candranandI nAma ke cAra grAcAboM kA ullekha hai (S..J. Pt-JII, 88) / bahuta sambhava hai ki TIkAkAra ne inhIM candanadi kA apane ko praziSya likhA ho| yadi aisA hai to TIkA banane kA samaya vi0 saM0 133 arthAta vikrama ko havI zatAbdI taka pahana jAtA hai| candranandI kA nAma 'karmaprakRti' bhI diyA hai aura 'karma pIra karma prakRti kA velara ke 17ve zilAlekha meM akalaMka deva aura candrakorti ke bAda honA batalAyA hai / aura unake vAda vimalacandra kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase bhI ukta samaya kA samarthana hotA hai| baladeva sUri kA prAcIna ullekha dhavaNa belgola ke do zilAlekhoM meM naM07 aura 15 meM pAyA jAtA hai / jinakA samaya kramazaH 622 aura 572 zaka saMvat ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA gayA hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki yahI baladeva sari TIkAkAra ke guru rahe hoN| isase bhI ukta samaya kI puSTi hotI hai| inake atirikta TIkAkAra ne nAganandI ko apanA guru batalAyA hai| ve nAganandI vahI jAna par3ate haiM, jo asaga ke guru the| ata: aparAjita sUri kA samaya vikrama kI navamI kA upAntya ho sakatA hai| TIkA ArAdhanA kI yaha TIkA aneka vizeSatAoM ko liye hue hai| naM. 116 kI TIphA karate hue usakI vyAkhyA meM saMyamahIna tapa kAryakArI nhiiN| isakI puSTi karate hue muni zrAvaka ke mUla guNoM tathA uttara gaNAM aura pAvazyakAdi karmoM ke anuSThAna vidhAnAdi kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana diyA hai| usakA eka laghu praza isa prakAra hai : 'tad dvividha gulaguNapratyAkhyAna uttaraguNapratyAkhyAnaM / tatra saMyatAnA jIvitAdhikaM mUlamaNapratyA. khyAnaM / saMyatAsaMyatAnAM aNuvratAni mUlaguNa vyapadezabhauji bhavanti / teSAM dvividhaM pratyAkhyAna alpakAlika, jIvitAvadhika ceti / pakSa-mAsa-paNnAsAdi rUpeNa bhaviSyatkAla sAvadhika kRtvA tatra sthala hiMsAnatasteyAnahAparigrAnta cariSyAmi / iti pratyAkhyAnamalpa kAlakam / pAmaraNamavadhi kRtvA na kariSyAmi / sthUla hiMsAdIni iti pratyAkhyAna ---- 1. tIrthakarAnti ca guNaH-saMhanana vala samatrA muktimArga pravANyApana parAjinA: sarve ekAcetrAbhUnAbhaktizca / yathA mervAdi parvata ganA pratimAnIyabara mAgInuyAyinaca gaNadharA ini nemacelAsnicinchaNyAzcatarthaveti middhama cela tyama / cena pari. veSTitAMgo na jina rAza: vyutsapTa pralamvabhujo nizcalo jina pratibhAtA dhattaM // " bha0 prA0 TI0 pR0 611 2. dekho, anekAnta varSa 2 ki0 8 pR. 437 /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 jovitAvadhikaM ca / uttara guNa pratyAkhyAna sayaMtAsaMyatayopi alpakAlika jIvitA vadhikaM vaa|" arthAt yaha pratyAsmAna do prakArakA hai, mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna aura uttaraguNa prtyaakhyaan| unameM se saMyamI muniyoM ke mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna jIvana paryanta ke lie hotA hai| saMyatAsaMyata paMcama guNasthAnavoM zrAvaka ke aNuyatoM ko mUla guNa kahate haiM / gRhasthoM ke mUlaguNoM kA pratyAkhyAna alpakAlika aura sarvakAlika donoM prakAra kA hotA hai| pakSa, mahInA, chaha mahIne ityAdi rUpa se bhaviSyatkAla kI maryAdA karake jo sthUla hiMsA, asatya, corI, maithana sevana aura parigraha rUpa paMca pApoM ko maiM nahIM karUMgA, aisA saMkalpa kara unakA jo tyAga karatA hai vaha jIvitAvadhika pratyAkhyAna hai / uttara guNa pratyAkhyAna to muni aura gRhastha donoM hI jIvana paryanta tathA alpakAla ke lie kara sakate haiN| gAthA naM. 5 kI TIkA meM siddha prAbhUta' kA ullekha kiyA hai| 753 kI gAthA kI vyAkhyA karate hue 'namaskArapAiDa' grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai|' aparAjita sUri ne apanI TIkA meM devanandI (pUjya pAda) kI sarvArtha siddhi tathA akalaMkadeva ke tattvArtha pAtika kA bhI upayoga kiyA hai / aura unakI aneka paMktiyoM ko uddhata kiyA hai| amitagati prathama mamitagati-mAthura saMgha ke vidvAna devasena ke ziSya the| jinheM vidhvasta kAmadeva, vipulazamabhUta, kAntakIti aura zruta samudra kA pAragAmI subhASita ratna sandoha kI prazasti meM batalAyA gayA hai| paura inake ziSya prathama pramitagati yogI ko prazeSa zAstroM kA jJAtA, mahAvatoM-samitiyoM ke dhArakoM meM agraNI, koSa rahita, munimAnya aura bAhyAbhyantara parigrahoM kA tyAgI batalAyA hai, jaisA ki-'tyaktaniHzeSa saMgaH / vAkya se prakaTa hai :--- "vizAtAzeSazAstrI vrata smitibhsaamgrnniirstkopH|| zrImAnmAmyo munInAmamitagati yatispaktanizeSasaMgaH / / " isa taraha amita gati dvitIya ne unakA bahuta guNa gAna kiyA hai, unheM asaMdhya mahimAlaya, vimalasatvavAna ratnaghI, gaNamaNi payonidhi, batalAyA hai| sAtha hI dharma parIkSA meM 'bhAsitAkhila padArtha samUha :nirmalaH, tathA sArAdhanA meM 'zama-yama-nilayaH, pradalitamadanaH, padanatasari jaise vizeSaNoM ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai| jo unake vyaktitva kI mahattA ko prakaTa karate haiN| isase ve jJAna aura cAritra kI eka prasAdhAraNa mUrti the| unakA vyaktitva mahAn thA aura aneka prAcAryoM se pUjita-namaskRta evaM mahAmAnya the| unhoMne pazeSa zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA thA, aura unhoMne jo anubhava prApta kiyA thA, usI kA sAra rUpa grantha yogasAra prAbhUta' hai| unakI yaha racanA saMkSipta, sarasa aura gambhIra artha kI pratipAdaka hai| 'cUki amita gati dvitIya kA racanA samaya saM0 1050 se 1073 hai| amita gati prathama inase do pIr3hI pahale haiN| ata: usameM se 50 varSa kama kara dene para unakA samaya vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa jAna par3atA hai| ----------- - -- - . . . .- -.-..- - 1. siddha prAbhUtagadita svarUpa siddhajJAnamAgamabhAvasiddhaH // (gAthA 5) 2. 'namaskAra prAbhUta nAmAsti granthaH yatra naya pramANAdi nikSepAdi mukhena namaskAro nirUpyate / (gAyA 753) 3. dekho anekAnna varSa 2 kiraNa 8 pR0 437 / 4. "AzIvidhvasta:-kanto vipulazamabhRta: zrImataH klAntakItiH / sUreya tasya pAra dhutasalilanighevasenasya ziSyaH' / / --subhA0 sa015 5. "bhAsitAbilapadArya samUho nirmalo'mitagatigaNanAyaH / bAsaro dinamaNa riva tasmAjjAyatesmakamalAkara bodhI / / 3" 6. "dhUrtAjana samayojani mahanIyoguNamaNi jalastadanumatiyaH / zamayama nilayo'mita gati sUriH pradalitamadano padanatasUriH // "

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navamIM dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya Apako ekamAtra kRti 'yogasAra' hai / jo nI adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai-- jIvAdhikAra, ajIvAdhikAra, AstravAdhikAra, bandhAdhikAra, saMvarAdhikAra, nirjarAdhikAra, mokSAdhikAra, cAritrAdhikAra aura valikAdhikAra / ina adhikAroM meM yoga aura yoga se sambandha rakhane vAle Avazyaka viSayoM kA sundara pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| grantha adhyAtama rasa se sarAbora hai| usake par3hane para naI anubhUtiyAM sAmane AtI haiM / grantha AtmA ko samajhane aura usake samudvAra meM kitanA upayogI hai| ise batalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM, grantha kA adhyayana karane se yaha svayaM samajha meM A jAtA hai / graMtha kI bhASA sarala saMskRta hai / padya gambhIra artha ko lie hue haiN| uktiyoM aura upamAoM tathA udAharaNAdi dvArA viSaya ko spaSTa aura bodhagamya banA diyA hai / grantha para kunda kundAcArya ke adhyAtma-granthoM kA pUrNa prabhAva hai / antima adhikAra meM bhoga kA svarUpa diyA hai aura saMsAra ko AtmA kA mahAn roga batalAyA hai, aura usase chUTa jAne para muktAtmA jaisI svAbhAvika sthiti ho jAtI hai / bhoga saMsAra se saccA vairAgya kaba banatA hai| aura nirmANa prApta karane ke liye kyA kucha kartavya hai isakA saMkSipta nirdeza hai / grantha kA adhyayana aura manana jIvana kI saphalatA kA saMdyotaka hai| graMtha mahattvapUrNa hai / vinayasena vinayasena - mUlasaMgha senAnvaya pogariyagaNa yA hogarigaccha ke vidvAna the| jaina zi0 saM0 bhA0 4 ke lekha naM0 61, jo zaka saM0 815 (san 803) vi0 saM0 950 ke isa prathama lekha meM inheM grAma dAna dene kA ullekha hai / prAcArya amRtacandra Thakkura so jayaja amiya do jimmala-vaya-tava-samAhi-saMjutto / jo sArasaya NiuNo vijjA-guNa-saMDiyo dhIro // 1 jassa ya pasaraca davaNaM NikalaMka amiyaguNeNa saMjuttaM / bhavANaM suha-kaMda so sUri jayau prabhiyAMsi // 2 jeNa virimima viti sAratayassa sayalaguNabhariyA / jo bhavvANaM suhidA sasamaya para samaya- viyANayA salA // 3 205 prAcArya amRta candrasUri ne apanI guru paramparA bhIra gaNa-gacchAdikA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| ve nilapa vyakti the / unhoMne apane graMthoM meM apane nAma ke atirikta koI bhI vAkya zrAtma prazaMsA-paraka nahIM likhaa| kintu unhoMne yahA~ taka likhA hai ki varNoM se pada bana gaye, padoM se vAkya vana gae, aura vAkyoM se yaha graMtha bana gyaa| isameM hamArA kucha bhI kartRtva nahIM hai / zrAcArya mRta candra vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke pradhyAtma rasajJa viziSTa vidvAna the| saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA para unakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thaa| unhoMne zatAbdiyoM se vismRta kundakundAcArya kI mahattA evaM prabhutA ko punarujjIvita kiyA hai| unhoMne nizcaya naya ke pradhAna granthoM ko TokA likhate hue bhI anekAnta dRSTi ko nahIM bhulAyA hai / samayasArAdi TIkA granthoM ke prArambha meM likhA hai ki jo ananta dharmoM se zuddha zrAtmA ke svarUpa kA avalokana karatI hai vaha anekAntarUpa mUrti nitya hI prakAzamAna ho / pratanta dharmaNastatvaM pazyantI pratyagAtmanaH / anekAntamayI mUrti nityameva prakAzatAm || isI taraha pravacanasAra TIkA ke prAraMbha meM likhA hai ki jisane moha rUpa andhakAra ke samUha ko anAyAsa hI lupta kara diyA hai, jo jagata tatva ko prakAzita kara rahA hai aisA yaha anekAntarUpa teja jayavanta rahe / - 1 varNa: kRtAni citraH padaiH kRtAni vAkyAni / arriH kRtaM pavitra zAstramidaM na punarasmAbhiH // - puruSAH si0 226

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 helolluptaM mahAmohalamastomaM jayatyavaH / prakAzayajjagattattvabhanekAntamayaM maha / / puruSArtha siddhayupAya meM to use paramAgama kA bIja athavA prANa batalAyA hai, aura janmAndha manuSyoM ke hasti vidhAna kA niSedha kara samasta naya vilAsoM ke virodha ko naSTa karane vAle anekAnta ko namaskAra kiyA hai| TIkAtroM ke anta meM bhI unhoMne syAdvAda ko aura usako dRSTi ko spaSTa karate hue tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isase unako anekAnta dRSTi kA mahatva pratibhASita hotA hai| inako kundakundAcArya ke prAbhUtatraya-samayasAra-pravacanasAra aura paMcAsta kAya-ina tInoM granthoM ko TIkAe~ bar3I mArmika aura hRdaya sparzI aura unako hArdako prakaTa karane vAlI haiN| samayAsAra kI TIkA meM to usake anta: rahasya kA kevala udghATana hI nahIM kiyA gayA kintu usa para samayAnuvAra-kalaza kI racanA kara bastutaH usa para kalazArohaNa bhI kiyA hai / adhyAtma ke jisa bIja ko AcArya kundakunda ve boyA, aura use pahalavita, puSpita evaM phalita karo kA theya AcArya amRta candra ko hI prApta hai| TokAtroM kA adhyayana kara adhyAtma rasika vidvAna dAMta tale aMgulo davAkara raha jAte haiM / TIkAtroM kI bhASA praur3ha, prabhAvazAlI aura gatizIla hai| aura viSaya kI spaSTa vivecaka haiN| adhyAtma dRSTi se likhI gaI ye rokAeM svasamaya parasamaya ko bodhaka hai; aura adhyetA ke lie mahatvapUrNa viSayoM kI parinAyaka haiM inameM nizcaya yora vyavahAra donoM daSTiyoM se vastu tatva kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai samyagdRSTi jIva vastutatva kA paricAna karane ke lie donoM nayoM kA avalambana letA hai parantu zraddha meM vaha anaddha naya ke pAlambana ko heya samajhatA hai, yahI kAraNa hai ki vastu tatva kA yathArtha parijJAna hone para pragar3ha naya kA pAlambana svayaM chUTa jAtA hai isI se kundakundAcArya ne umaya nayoM ke Alambana se bastu svarUpa kA prati sadana kiyA hai| ApakI ina tInoM TIkAoM ke atirikta ApakI do kRtiyAM aura bhI haiN| puruSArtha siddhayupAya aura tttvaarthsaar| ina donoM meM bhI unake vaiziSTaya kI spaSTa chApa hai| puruSArtha siddhyupAya 226 zlokoM kA prasAdaguNopeta eka svataMbha grantha hai / isakA dUsarA nAma jina vacana rahasya koza hai| grantha ke nAma se hI usakA viSaya spaSTa hai isameM zrAvaka dharma ke varNana ke sAtha samyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyAkcaritra kA sundara kathana diyA huA hai / jahAM isa graMtha ke nAma meM baiziSTya hai vahAM pAdyanna meM bhI vaiziSTya hai| saMtha ke Adi meM nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya ko carcA hai to anta meM ratnatraya ko mokSa kA upAya batalAyA gayA hai yaha kathana zrAvakAcAroM meM haiM / puNyAsavako gubhopayoga kA aparAdha batalAnA amRtacandra ko vAmI kI vinatA hai| vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna paM0 AzAdhara jo ne anagAra dhImata ko TokA meM prAcArya amRtacandra kA ThakkUra vizeSaNa ke sAtha ullekha kiyA hai-'etadanusAreNava ThavakuropodabhapAThIt-loke zAstrAbhAse samayAbhAse ca. devatAbhAse / (pR0160) etacca vistareNa ThanakurAmRtacandrasUri viracita samayasAraTokAyAM draSTavyam(pR. 588) / Thakkara yA ThAkura zabda kA prayoga jAgoradAroM aura prohadedAroM ke liye to vyavahuta hotA thaa| kintu Thakkara' zabda gotra kA bhI vAcI hai / aAja bhI savAla Adi jAtiyoM ke gotroM meM prayukta dekhA jAtA hai| - tatvArthasAra--gRddhapicchAcArya ke tatvArthasUtra ke sAra ko lie hue hone para bhI apanA ziSTya rakhatA hai| yaha 226 zlokoM kI racanA hote hue bhI, prasAda guNApata eka svataMtra saMtha hai / jisameM samyAdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritra kA sundara kathana kiyA hai| tattvArthasAra nAma se bhI yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki isameM tatvArtha sUtra pratipAdita tattvoM kA hI sAra saMgrahIta hai / tattvArtha rAjavArtikAdi meM pratipAdita kitanI hI viziSTa bAtoM kA isameM saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| prAcArya pramatacandra ne ise mokSamArga para prakAza karane vAlA eka pramukha dIpaka batalAyA hai / kyoMki isameM yukti bhAgama se sunizcita samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra kA svarUpa 1. atha tattvArthasAro'yaM mokSa mArgakIpaka / -tatvArthasAra 2

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nahIM aura dAyoM zatAbI ke AcArya pratipAdita kiyA hai| tathA samyagdarzana kA svarUpa batalAte hae sapta tattvoM kA vizada varNana kiyA hai| tattvArtha sUtra kA padya meM anuvAda hote hue bhI eka taMtra graMtha jasA pratIta hotA hai| kahIM-kahIM to aisA jAna par3atA hai ki amRtacandrAcArya ne gadya ke sthAna meM padya kA rUpa diyA hai aura kitane ho sthAnoM para unhoMne navona tattvoM kA maMyAjana bho kiyA hai aura usake lie unheM akalaMka deva ke tatvArya vArtika kA sarvAdhika prAthaya lenA par3A hai| usake vArtikoM ko zloka rUpa meM nivaddha karake tattvArthasAra ke matvako vRddhigata kiyA hai| paTTAdhalI meM amRtacandra ke paTTArohaNa kA samaya vi0 saM0 662 diyA hai| vaha prAyaH ThIka hai / kyoMki dharmaratnAkara ke kartA jayasena ne, jo lAumAmaha saMgha ke vidvAna the| unhoMne amRtacandramUri ke puruSArthasiddhayupAya ke 56 padya uddhRta kiye haiN| javasendra meM apanA yaha graMtha vi0 saM0 1055 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai|' prataH prAcArya amRtacandra saM0 1055 se pUrvavatI haiN| muralAra sA me likhA hai ki-pramita gati prathama ke yogasAra prAbhana para bhI amRta candra ke tattvArthasAra tathA sama pasArAdi TIkAdhA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| jinakA samaya amita gati dvitIya se koI 40-50 varSa pUrva kA jAna par3atA hai| sI sthiti meM pramatacandramUri kA samayavikrama kI 10 vIM zatAbdI kA tRtIya caraNa hai| paM. mAthUrAma premo aura DA. e. ena. upAdhye amasacandra kA samaya 12vIM mAnate the, para vaha mujhe nahIM rcaa| phalata: maiMne apane lekha meM amRtacandra ke samaya ko dazavoM zatAbdI kA batalAyA, taba me sabhI unakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI mAnane lage haiN| rAmasena rAmasena nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gaye haiN| unameM prastuta rAmasena sabase bhinna hai| grantha prazasti meM rAma sena ne apanA saMkSipta paricaya pAMca guruoM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha diyA hai usase rAma sena ke sambandha meM spaSTa paricaya to jJAta nahIM hotA / brahmazrutasAgara ne rAmasana ko 'prathamAipUrva bhAgajJAH' likhA hai jisase ve aMgapUrvo ke eka devaza jJAtA jAna par3ate haiN| unakA saMgha-gaNa-gaccha kyA thA aura unake ziSya-prazipyAdi kauna the| unhoMne tattvAnuzAsana ke sivAya anya kina granthoM kI racanA kI isakA koI bhI ullekha nahIM miltaa| grantha prazastiyoM paTTAvaliyoM aura zilAlekhAdi meM bhI aisA koI paricaya upalabdha nahIM hotA, jisase unake sambandha meM vicAra kiyA jA sake aura yaha jJAta ho sake ki nAgapena ke ziSya rAmasena kI ziSya paramparA kyA aura kahAM thii| rAmasena ne nAgasena ko apanA dIkSA guru likhA hai, ve para guru nahIM the| unhoMne apane cAra gurutroM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha dIkSA guru meM nAga -- - --- 1. dANendriyakoma yoga-mite saMvatsare zubhe / (1055) grA yAM mimAM gAtaH madhalI karahATake / / -bama rAnAkara pradhArita 2. dekho, anekAnta varga 8 ki 4-5 meM amanacandra sUri kA samaya zIrSaka lekha (pu 173) 3. senagA ke samana paMDitadeva ko, jima ma01:34 kI pauSa zuklA 7 ko uttarAyaNa maMkrAnti ke dina cAlukya baMzIya vibhavanamahala ke samaya gaMga paniDi jinAlaya ke lie rAjadhAnI banagAva meM dAna diyA gyaa| --bhA sampradAya pR07 nusara rAmagana ve haiM jo naramiha purA jAti ke prabodhaka evaM saMsthApaka the| nIre rAmabhena nipiccha mAthura saMgha ke saMsthApaka / ina tInoM rAmamenoM meM se tatyAnuzAsana ke kartA rAmabhana bhinna haiN| 4. dekho, sutta pAhuiTIkA gAthA 2

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208 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga2 sena kA nAmollekha kiyA hai nAgasena nAma ke bhI kaI vidvAna prAcArya ho gaye haiN|' una saba meM ve nAgasena cAmuNDarAya ke sAkSAt guru ajitasena ke praguru the| arthAt ajitasena ke guru Arya sena (mAryanandI) ke guru the| aura jinakA cAmuNDarAya purANa meM prAcArya kumArasena ke bAda ullekha hai| cAmuNDarAya ne apane purANa kA nirmANa zaka sa0 6.00 (vi0 saM0 1035) meM kiyA hai| ataeva nAgasena kA samaya vi0 saM0 1000 se kucha pahale kA samajhanA cAhie 2 yaha bhAgasena rAmasena ke dIkSA guru ho sakate haiN| anya nAgasena nhiiN| prastuta rAmasena kASThA saMgha nandItaTagaccha aura vidyAgaNa ke prAcArya the| kyoMki nandItaTagaccha kI gurdAvalI meM unheM 'pratibodhana paNDita batalAyA hai| narasiMha purA jAti ke saMsthApaka bhI the / apane samaya ke prasiddha vidvAna tapasvI prAcArya rahe haiN| rAmasena ne prazasti meM apane cAra vidyA guruyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai "zrI vIracandra-zubhadevamahendradevAH-zAstrAya yasya guravo vijayAmaravaca" dhIracandra, zubhadeva, mahendradeva praura vijayadeva / para inakA anya paricaya kahIM se bhI upalabdha nahIM hotA 1 hAM, mahendra- deva kA paricaya avazya prApta hotA hai| ye mahendradeva vahI jJAta hote haiM jo ne mideva ke ziSya aura somadeva ke bar3e gurubhAI the| nemideva ke bahuta se ziSya the, unameM se eka zataka ziSyoM ke avaraja (anuja) aura eka zataka ke pUrvaja somadeva the| aisA parabhanI ke tAmra zAsana (dAna patra) se jAna par3atA hai| inameM mahendradeva pramakha vidvAna the| unheM nItivAkyAmRta kI prazasti meM 'vAdIndrakAlAnala zrImanmahendra 1. nAgasena nAma ke 5 vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai-1 ve nAgasena jo dazapUrva ke pAThI the aura jinakA samaya vikrama saM0 se 250 varSa pUrva haiN| 2re ve nAgasena jo RSabhasena ke guru ke ziSya the, jinhoMne sanyAsa vidhi se zravaNa belgola ke zilAlekha naM0 (14) 34 ke anusAra devaloka prApta kiyA thA zilAlekha meM vizeSaNoM ke sAtha unakI stuti kI gaI hai| zilAlekha kA samaya zaka saM0622 (vi0 saM0 757) ke lagabhaga anumAna kiyA gayA hai, para usakA koI AdhAra nahIM btlaayaa| dere nAgasena ve haiM jo cAmuNDarAya ke sAkSAt guru ajitasena ke praguru arthAt ajitasena ke guru Arya sena (Arya nandI) ke guru ye| jinakA cAmuNDarAya purANa meM AcArya kumArasena ke bAda ullekha kiyA gayA hai| cAmuNDarAya purANa kA nirmANa zaka saM0 100 san 178 (vi saM0 1035) meM huA hai| isase yaha nAgasena 10 vIM pAtAbdI ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiM / nAgasena ve hai jinheM rANI akAdevI ne godagi jinAlaya ke lie san 1047 (vi0 saM0 1104) meM bhUmidAna diyA thA / yaha mUlasaMghasenagaNa tathA hegari (pogari) gaccha ke vidvAna AcArya the| (dekho, jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA pR0 106) veM nAgasena ve hai, jo mandItaTa gaccha kI gurvAvali ke anusAra gaMgasena ke uttaravartI aura siddhAntasena tathA gopasena ke pUrvavartI hue haiN| jinakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI kA madhya jAna par3atA hai| 2. dekho, pI. bI. desAI kA jainijma ina sAutha iDiyA pR0 134-37 3. rAmaseno'tivicitaH pratibodhana paMDitaH / sthApitA yena saMjjAti rasiMhAbhidhA bhuvi / / 24 // -gurvAvalI kASThAsaMgha naMdItaragaccha anekAnta varSa 15. kiraNa 5 4. zrI gaur3a saMce munimAnyakIrtinnAmnA yazodeva iti prajajJe / babhUva masyogra tapaHprabhAvAtsamAgamaH zAsanadevatAbhiH // 15 ziSyo'bhavattasya mahaDibhAjaH syAvAdaranAkara pAravRkSavA / zrI nemidevaH paravAdi darpadrumAvalIccheda-kuThAranemiH // 16 tasmAsapaH dhiyobhattullokAnAM hRdayaMgamAH / babhUvuH bahavaH ziSyA ratnAnIva tadAkarAt / / 17 teSAM zatasyAvarajaH zatasya tathA bhavatpUrvaja eva dhImAn / zrI somadevastapasaH zrutasya sthAnaM yazodhAma gunnojitshriiH||10||

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navamI-dazavIM zatAdhvI ke AcArya E devabhaTTArakAnujena vAkya dvArA mahendradeva kA ukta vizeSaNa diyA hai jisase ve vAdiyoM ke vijetA the| bahuta sambhava hai ki prastuta mahendradeva unake vidyAguru rahe hoM / anya tona guruoM ke sambandha meM kucha jJAta nahIM hotA / sabhava hai usa samaya ke sAdhu sagha meM ukta nAma ke tIna vidvAna bhI rAmasena ke guru rahe ho / racanA-prastuta tattvAnuzAsana prantha 255 saMskRta padyoM ko mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| isameM adhyAtma viSaya kA pratipAdana sundara hai vaha bhASA aura viSaya donoM ho dRSTiyoM se mahatvapU hai granthakAM bhASA jahAM saralaprAMjala evaM sahaja bodhagamya hai, vahAM vaha viSaya pratipAdana kI kuzalatA ko liye hue hai / grantha kArane adhyAtmajaise nIrasa kaThora aura durbodha viSaya ko itanA sarala evaM sugama banA diyA hai ki pAThaka kA mana kabhI Uba nahIM sakatA / usameM adhyAtma rasa kI phuTa jo aMkita hai / grantha meM svAnubhUti se anuprANita rAmasena kI kAvya zakti camaka uThI hai vaha apane viSaya kI eka sundara vyasthita kRti hai| jisase pAThaka kA hRdaya grAtma-vibhora ho uThatA hai / grantha meM heya aura upAdeya tatva kA svarUpa batalAte hue bandha aura bandha ke hetutroM ko heya tathA mokSa aura mokSa ke kAraNoM ko upAdeya batalAyA hai / karma bandha ke kAraNa mithyAdarzana mithyAjJAna aura mithyA cAritra ko heya aura duragati evaM duHkha hetu batalAyA hai kyoMki unase moha-yA mamakAra tathA ahaMkAra kI utpatti prAdi saMsAra duHkha ke kAraNoM kA saMcaya hotA hai isI se aisA kahA hai| aura samyakdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra ko upAdeya aura sukha kA kAraNa btlaayaa| kyoMki ina tInoM ko dharma batalAyA hai|" AtmA kA moha kSobha se rahita pariNAma dharma hai / aura ina tInoM kI ekatA mokSa kA mArga hai| isI se inheM upAdeya kahA hai| karma bandha kI nivRti ke liye dhyAna kI AvazyakatA batalAte hue dhyAna, dhyAna kI sAmagrI aura usake bhedoM Adi kA sundara svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA hai| ekAgracitta se paMca parameSThiyoM ke svarUpa kA cintana svAdhyAya hai AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai ki jo arahaMta ko dravyatva guNatva aura paryAyatva ke dvArA jAnatA hai vaha prAtmA ko jAnatA hai aura usakA moha kSINa ho jAtA hai| svAdhyAya se dhyAna kA abhyAsa kare ora svAdhyAya se dhyAna kA, kyoMki dhyAna aura svAdhyAya se paramAtmA kA prakAza hotA hai (tattvA0 ( 1 ) | dhyAna kA vizada vivecana karate huye dhyAna kI mahattA zrIra usakA phala batalAyA hai dhyAna ko nirjarA kA hetu aura saMvara kA kAraNa batalAyA hai| dhyAna kI sthiratA ke liye mana zrIra indriyoM kA damana Avazyaka hai / indriya kI pravRtti meM mana hI kAraNa hai| mana kI sAmarthya se indriyAM apanA kArya karatI hai, ataeva mana kA jItanA jarUrI hai| jJAna vairAgya rUpa rajjU (rassI) se unmArgagAmI indriya rUpa azvoM (ghor3oM) ko vaza meM kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki indriyoMkA prasaMyama prApati kA kAraNa hai aura unakA jItanA yA vaza meM karanA sampadA kA mArga hai| ataeva unakA niyamana jarUrI hai| mana kA vyApAra naSTa hone para indriyoM kI pravRtti naSTa ho jAtI hai| jisa saraha vRkSa kI jar3a ke vinaSTa hone para patte bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| mana ko jItane ke liye svAdhyAya meM pravRtta honA caahie| aura anutprekSAoM ( bhAvanAoM) kA cintana karanA caahie| isase mana ko sthira karane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| isa taraha yaha sapane viSaya kI mahatva pUrNa kRti haiM, isakA manana karane se AtmajJAna kI vRddhi hotI hai| svAdhyAya premiyoM ke liye atyanta upayogI hai / 1. sadRSTi jJAna vRttAnidharma dharmadevarA viduH / ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra 2. tad dhyAnaM nirjarA-hetuH saMvarasya ca kAraNam tattvAnuzAsana 56 3. indrAyaNAM pravRttI ca nivRttIca manaH prabhuH manaeva jayettasmA jite tasmin jitendriyaH // 76 // tattvAnu0 4. jJAna-bairAgya-rajjubhyAM nityamutpathavartinaH jita citena zakyante dhanuM mindriyavAjinaH // tatvA0 77 5. rATThe maNavAvAre vimaesuna jaMti iMdiyA saveM / chiSNe tarussa bhUle to puNe pallavA hu'ti / / 66 ArAdhanAmAra

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210 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 racanA kAla rAmasena ne apane grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyA aura na usake racanA sthAna Adi kA hI ullekha kiyA hai isase grantha ke racanA kAla para prakAza DAlane ke liye kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai / granyollekhoM, prazastiyoM * zilAlekhoM aura tAmrapatrAdi meM bhI aisA koI ullekha upalabdha nahIM hotA / jisase grantha ke racanA kAla para prakAza par3atA / zrataeva anya sAdhana sAmagrI para se racanA kAla para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai / ke 64 parva meM bhagavAna kunthunAtha jinasenAcArya ke ziSya guNabhadrAcArya dvArA racita uttarapurANa ke carita ko samApta karate hue nimna padya diyA hai: deha jyotiSi yasya zakra sahitAH sarvepi magnAH surAH / jJAna jyotiSi paMca tatva sahitaM magnaM nabhazcAkhilam / lakSmI dhAma dadhadvidhUta vitatadhyAyantaH sadhAmadvayapaMthAnaM kathayatvanantaguNabhRt kunyurbhavAntasya vaH // 55 isa padya ke sAtha tatvAnuzAsana ke antima nimna padya kA avalokana kIjie:behajyotiSi yasya majjati jagat dugdhAmburAzAviva jJAnajyotiSi ca sphuTatyatitarAmo bhUbhaMvaH svastrayo / zabda-jyotiSi yasya darpaNa iva svArthazcakAsantyamI / sa zrImAnamarAcito jinapati jyotistrayAyAstu naH // 256 isa padya meM uttara purANa ke paca se jahAM mahatva kI vizeSatA kA darzana hotA hai vahAM usake Azika anu saraNa kA bhI patA calatA hai aura yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki tasvAnuzAsana kAra ke sAmane athavA unakI smRti meM ukta padya ko racate samaya uttara purANa kA ukta padma rahA hai| isI taraha kA anusaraNa tattvAnuzAsana ke 148 padya meM guNabhadrAcArya racita zrAtmAnuzAsana ke 243 veM padma kA bhI dekhA jAtA hai| donoM padya isa prakAra hai: mAmatyamanyaM mAM matvA bhrAnto bhrAnto bhavArNave / nAnyo'ha mahamevA'ha manyo'nyonyo'hamasti na // nAnyo'smi nAhamastyanyo nAmyAsyA 'haM na me paraH / truereryosha mevAsha magyo'bhyasyA'ha meva me / / 148 zrAtmAnuzAsana tasvAnuzAsana isase spaSTa hai ki rAmasena ke sAmane guNabhadrAcArya kA prAtmAnuzAsana bhI rahA hai| zrAcArya guNabhadra kA samaya vikrama kI 10vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdhaM pAyA jAtA hai; kyoMki uttara purANa kI antima prazasti ke 28va padya se 37 veM padya taka guNabhadrAcArya ke pramukha ziSya lokasena kRta prazasti meM usakA samaya zaka saM0 820, san 838 ( vi0 saM0 955) diyA hai, ' yaha usake racanA kAla kA samaya nahIM hai kintu uttara purANa ke pUjotsava kA kAla hai, jaisA ki usake nimna vAkya- " bhavyaH vaH prAptajyaM sarvasAraM jagati vijayate puSyametatpurANam" - se jAnA jAtA hai / pUjotsava kA yaha samaya racanA kAla se adhika bAda kA mAlUma nahIM hotA / yadi usameM se pAMca varSa kA samaya grantha kI lipi Adi kA nikAla diyA jAya to zaka saM0 815 ( vi0 saM0 e50) ke lagabhaga uttara purANa kA racanA kAla nizcita hotA hai / isa taraha tattvAnuzAsana ke nirmANa samaya kI pUrva sImA vi0 saM0 650 sthira ho jAtI hai| isase pUrva kI vaha racanA nahIM hai / kintu dazavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa kI jAna par3atI hai / jayasena ke dharmaratnAkara ke 'sAmAyika pratimA-prapaMcana' nAmaka 15veM avasara meM tattvAnuzAsana ke nimna padya ko apane grantha kA aMga banAyA gayA hai, jo tattvAnuzAsana kA 107vAM padya haiH 1. zukanTapakAlAbhyantara vizariyadhikASTa zatamitAdAnte / maGgala mahArthakAriNi viGgalanAmani samastajana sukhade || 35 || - uttara purANa praza

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 211 prakArAvi hakArAntA maMtrAH paramazarUyaH / svamaMDalagatAH dhyeyA lokdvyphlprdaaH| dharma ratnAkara kA racanA kAla saM0 1055 haiM / ataH tattvAnuzAsana isase pUrvavartI racanA hai:prAcArya amitajasa dvitIya : upAsamAra eka para nimna prakAra pAyA jAtA hai: abhyasyamAnaM bahadhAsthiratvaM yathesi rbodha mayIha zAstram / zAna tathA dhyAna mapItimatvA dhyAnaM sadAbhyastu moktu kAmaH // upAsakAcAra 10-111 dhyAna viSaya kI preraNA karane vAlA yaha padya tattvAnuzAsana ke nimna padya se prabhAvita tathA anusaraNa ko liye hue hai: yathAbhyAsena zAstrANi sthirANi syamahAntyapi / tathA dhyAnamapi sthaya labhate'myAsa sinAm // 18 ina amitagati dvitIya ke dAdA guru amitagati ( prathama ) dvArA racita yogasAra prAbhUta 16 veM adhikAra meM eka padya nimna prakAra se upalabdha hotA hai| yena yenaiva bhAvena yujyate yNtrvaahkH| tammayastatratatrApi vizvarupo maNiyathA // 51 yaha padya tattvAnuzAsana ke 161 padya ke sAtha sAdRzya rakhatA hai: yena bhAvena yatrUpaM dhyAyatyAsmAna mAtmavit / tena tanmayatAM yAti lopAdhiH sphaTiko yathA // 16 // amitagati prathama kA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA prathama dharaNa hai| dravya saMgraha ke TIkAkAra brahmadeva ne tatvAnuzAsana se (83-84) ye do padya grantha ke nAmollekha ke sAtha uddhRta kiye haiN| brahmadeva kA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa aura 12voM kA pUrvArdha hai| isase spaSTa hai ki rAmasena amitagati prathama aura brahmadeva 11 vIM zatAbdI se pUrvavartI haiN| tattvAnuzAsana para AcArya pramatacandra ke granthoM kA sAhityika anusaraNa evaM prabhAva parilakSita hai| tattvArthasAra ke 7 3 veM padyoM kA tattvAnuzAsana ke 4-5 padyoM para spaSTa prabhAva hai aura sAhityika anusaraNa hai| isase taravAnuzAsana kI racanA amRtacandrAcArya ke bAda huI hai| sapta tattvoM meM heyopAdeya kA vibhAga karane vAle ve padya isa prakAra haiM:-- upAdeya tayA jIvo' jIvoheyatayoditaH / heyasyAsminnupAvAna hetuttvenAivaH smRtaH / / 7 saMvaro nirjarA hey-haan-hetu-tyovitau| heya-prahANaloNa mokSo jIvasya dazitaH // tattvArthasAra bandho nivandhanaM cAsya heyamityupadazitam / heyasyAu zeSa duHkhasya yasmAd bIjamivaM dvayam / / 4 mokSastatkAraNaM caitadupAdeya muvAhatam / upAdeyaM sukhaM yasmAvasmAdAvirbhaviSyati // tatvAnuzAsana / nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke bheda se mokSamArga ke do bhedoM kA prarUpaka tathA unameM sAdhya-sAdhyanatA-viSayaka padya bhI sAhityika anusaraNa ko liye hue pAyA jAtA hai| 1. bANendriya byoma soma-mite saMvatsare zubhe / ( 1055) antho'yaM siddhatAM mAtiH sabalIkarahATake / / --dharmaratnAkara prasa

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jaina dharma cIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 AcArya amRtacandra kA samaya vikrama kI 10 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai| paTTAvalI meM unake paTTArohaNa kA samaya jo vi0 saM0 662 diyA hai, vaha ThIka jAna par3atA hai; kyoMki saM0 1055 meM banakara samApta hue 'dharmaraznAkara' meM amRtacandrAcArya ke puruSArtha siddhyupAya se 60 padya ke lagabhaga uddhRta pAye jAte haiM / " isase amRtacandra saM0 1055 se pUrvavartI haiN| paM0 jugalakizora jI mukhtAra ne amRtacandra kA samaya 10 vIM zatAbdo tRtIya caraNa batalAyA hai aura rAmasena kA 10 vIM zatAbdI kA caturtha caraNa hai / 212 indranandI (jvAlAmAlinI grantha ke kartA ) prastuta indranandI yogIndra ve haiM jo maMtra zAstra ke viziSTa vidvAna the| yaha vAsavanandI ke praziSya aura bappanandI ke ziSya the| inhoMne helAcArya dvArA udita hue artha ko lekara 'jvAlinI kalpa' nAma ke maMtra zAstra kI racanA kI hai| isa grantha meM mantri, graha, mudrA, maNDala, kaTu, tela, vakSyamaMtra, tantra, vapanavidhi, nIrAjanavidhi aura sAdhana vidhi nAma ke dasa adhikAroM dvArA maMtra zAstra viSaya kA mahatva kA kathana diyA huA hai / isa grantha kI prAdya prazasti ke 22veM paca meM grantha racanA kA pUrA itivRtta diyA huA hai / aura batalAyA hai ki devI ke pradeza se 'jvAlinImata, nAma kA grantha helAcArya ne banAyA thA / unake ziSya gaMgamuni, nIlagrIva aura vIjAba hue| AryikA zAMtirasannA aura vizvaTTa nAma kA kSullaka huA / isa taraha guru paripATI aura avicchinna sampradAya se sAyA huA use kandarpa ne jAnA aura usane guNanandI nAmaka muni ke liye vyAkhyAna kiyA, aura upadeza diyaa| unake samIpa una donoM ne usa zAstra ko granthataH aura arthataH indranandI muni ke prati bhale prakAra khaa| taba indranandi ne pahale kliSTa prAktana zAstra ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa kara lalita AryA aura gItAdika meM helAcArya ke ukta artha ko grantha parivartana ke sAtha sampUrNa jagata ko vismaya karane vAlA janahitakara grantha rcaa| grataeva prastuta indranandI vikrama ko dazavIM zatAbdI ke upAntya samaya ke vidvAna haiN| kyoMki inhoMne jvAlAmAlinI kalpa kI racanA zaka 0 861 san 136 (vi0 saM0 266 meM banAkara samApta kiyA thA / gommaTasAra ke kartA nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne indranaMdi kA guru rUpa se smaraNa kiyA hai| ye indranaMdi vahI jAna par3ate haiM / jinake dIkSA guru bappanandI aura maMtrazAstra guru guNanandI aura siddhAnta zAstra guru prabhayanaMdI ho 1. aneka varSe kiraNa 4-5 meM prakAzita amRtacandra sUrikA samaya pR0 173 2. yadvRttaM duritArisainyahanane caNDAsi dhArAvitam vittaM yasya zaratsaratsalilavatsvacchaM sadAzItalam / kIrtiH zArada kaumudI zazibhUto jyotsneva yasyAmalA sa zrI vAsavanandi sammunipatiH ziSyastadIyo bhavet ||2|| ziSyastasya mahAtmA caturanuyogeSu caturamati vibhavaH / zrI diguriti budhamadhupaniSevitpadAbjaH // 3 loke yasya prasAdAdjani munijanastatpurANArthabedI / yasyAzAstaMbha mUrkha tyati vimalayazaH zrI vitAne nibaddhaH / kAlastAyena paurANika kavivRSabhA dyotitAstatpurANavyakhyAnAd bappamaMdi prathitaguNa-gaNastasya kiM va se'tha / / 2 3. aSTatasyaikaSaSThi pramANazakavatsaredhyatIteSu / zrImAnmakheTa kaMTake paNyakSaya tRtIyAyAm || zatadalasahitacatuHzata parimANagrantha racanayAyuktam zrIkRSNarAja rAjye samAptametanmata devyAH // dekho jvAlAmAlinI kalpa kAraMjAbhaMDAra prazasti / jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka khaNDa 2 aMka 3, pR0 14 -156

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 213 jAte haiM / yadi yaha kalpanA ThIka hai to nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ke guru indranaMdI kA ThIka patA cala jAtA hai / samaya kI dRSTi se bhI nemicandra aura indranaMdI kA sAmaMjasya baiTha jAtA hai / indranaMdI ne isa grantha kI racanA mAnyakheTa ( malakheDA) ke kaTaka meM rAjA zrIkRSNa ke rAjyakAla meM zaka saMvata 861 (san 636) meM kI thI / gurudAsa gurubAsa - yaha kauNDa kundAnvayI zrInaMdanaMdI ke ziSya aura zrInaMdIguru ke caraNa kamaloM ke bhramara the, jinheM jIta zAstra ( prAyazcitya zAstra) meM vidagdha aura siddhAntajJa batalAyA hai| ve gurudAsa ke pUrvavartI bar3e guru bhAI ke rUpa meM hue haiN| vRSabhanaMdI gurudAsa se bhI uttaravartI haiN| gurudAsa ko tIkSNamatI aura sarasvatIsUnu likhA hai / ve bar3e bhArI vidvAna aura graMthakartA the| vRpabhanaMdI ne jItasAra samuccaya meM likhA hai ki zrInaMdanandivatsaH zrInaMdigurupadAvaja-SaTcaraNaH / zrI gurudAsonaMcA tIkSNamatiH zrI sarasvatI sUnuH // inake dvArA banAyA huA cUlikA sahita prAyazcita graMtha apUrva racanA hai| gurudAsa ne apanA koI samaya nahIM diyA / parantu jAna par3atA hai ki gurudAsa vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke upAntya samaya aura 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke vidvAna haiN| bAhubaladeva yaha vyAkaraNa zAstra ke vidvAna AcArya the| usa samaya ravicandra svAmI, grahaMnaMdI, zubhacandra bhaTTAraka deva, maunIdeva, aura prabhAcaMdra nAma ke sunigaNa vidyamAna the| zAkA 102 (vi0 saM0 1037) meM rAjA zAntivarmA ne zrAcArya bAhubaladeva ke caraNoM meM sugaMdhavartI ( saundati ) ke jaina maMdiroM ke liye 150 eka saupacAsa mattara bhUmi pradAna kI thii| bhuvanaika malla cAlukya vaMzIya satyAzraya ke prathama ke putra the| usa samaya ravicaMdra svAmI aura rAjya meM laTTalUrapura ke mahAmaNDalezvara kAtivIrya dvi0 sena nandI maujUda the / kanakasena yaha kumArasena ke praziSya aura vIrasena ke ziSya the| inheM zrIkRSNa vallabha ke sAmanta vinayAmbudhi ke pradeza dhavala meM mUllagunda nagara ke jina maMdira ke liye, jise caMdArya ke putra cikArya ne banavAyA thA / arasAya ne dAna diyA thaa| isa dAna kA ullekha senavaMza ke mUlagunda ke zaka saM0 824 ( vi0 saM0 656 ) ke lekha meM huA hai / jaisA ki usake nimna padya se pragaTa hai| zakanupakAleSTazate caturuttaravizaduttare saMpragate / buMdubhinAni varSa pravartamAne janAnurAgotkarSa // sarvanandi bhaTTAraka yaha kundakunda grAmnAya ke vidvAna the| inake samaya kA eka zilAlekha milA hai jisameM kundakundagrAmnAya ke (miTTI ke pAtra dhArI } bhaTTAraka ke ziSya sarvanandi bhaTTArakane koppala ke pahAr3a para nivAsakara vahAM ke logoM ko neka upadeza diye| aura bahuta samaya taka kaThora tapazcaraNa kara sanyAsavidhi se zarIra kA parityAga kiyaa| yaha zilAlekha zaka saM0 803 (vi0 saM0638) kA hai| isase ye vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya the / 1. ( See Indian Antiquary V. IV p. 279-80 ) 2. jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 2 10 158-6 3. (See Jainism in South India p. 424

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga - 2 nAgavarma prathama nAva nAma ke do kavi ho gae haiN| eka chandombunidhi aura kAdambarI kA racayitA aura dUsarA kAvyAvalokana, vastu koza aura karnATakabhASA bhUSaNAdi granthoM kA kartA / 214 inameM prathama nAgabarsa beMgIdeza ke beMgIpura nagara ke rahane vAle kauMDiyya gotrIya vennAmayya brAhmaNa kA putra thA / isakI mAtA kA nAma polakave thA / isane apane guru kA nAma ajitasenAcArya batalAyA hai / rakkasagaMgarAja jisane IsavI san 6=4 se 666 taka rAjya kiyA hai aura jo gaMgavaMzIya mahArAja rAcamalla kA bhAI thA, isakA poSaka thA / cAmuMDarAya kI bhI isa para kRpA rahatI thii| kavi hokara bhI yaha bar3A vIra aura yuddha vidyA meM catura thaa| kanar3I meM isa samaya chanda zAstra ke jitane grantha prApya haiM unameM isakA 'chandombunidhi' sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai | yaha grantha kavi ne apanI strI ko uddezya karake likhA hai| isakA dUsarA grantha bANabhaTTa ke suprasiddha grantha 'kAdambarI' kA sundara padyamaya anuvAda hai / para granthoM ke maMgalAcaraNa meM na jAne zivAdi kI stuti kyoM kI hai ? isakA samaya IsA kI 10vIM zatAbdI hai / nAgavadvitIya nAgava dUsarA- yaha jAtikA brAhmaNa thA / isake pitA kA nAmadAmodara thaa| yaha cAlukya nareza jagadeka mallakA senApatti aura janma kavi kA guru thA / kanar3I sAhitya meM isakI 'kavitAguNodaya' ke nAma se sthAna hai / abhinava zarvavarma, kavikarNapUra aura kavitA guNodaya ye usakI upAdhiyA~ thI / bANivallabha, janna, sAlva prAdi kaviyoM ne isakI stuti kI hai| isake banAye hue kAvyAvalokana karNAnATaka bhASA bhUSaNa, aura vastu koza ye tIna grantha haiN| isameM pAMca adhyAya haiN| pahale bhAga meM kanar3I kA vyAkaraNa hai| nRpatuMga (amoghavarSa) ke alaMkAra zAstra kI apekSA yaha vistRta hai / karNATaka bhASA bhUSaNa saMskRta meM bhASA kA utkRSTa vyAkaraNa hai| mUlasUtra aura vRtti saMskRta meM hai / aura udAhaNa kanar3I meM / upalabdha kanar3I vyAkaraNoM meM jo ki saMskRta sUtroM meM hai - yaha sabase pahalA aura uttama vyAkaraNa hai| isI ko Adarza mAnakara san 1604 meM bhaTTAlaka (dvitIya) ne kanar3I kA zabdAnuzAsana nAmakA vizAla vyAkaraNa saMskRta meM banAyA hai| yaha vyAkaraNa maMsUra sarakAra kI ora se chapa cukA hai| vastu koza kanar3I meM prayukta hone vAle saMskRta zabdoM kA artha batalAne vAlA padyamaya nighaNTu yA koza hai / vararuci, halAyudha, zAzvata, amarasiMha Adi ke grantha dekhakara isako racanA kI gaI hai / isakA samaya 1136 I0 se 1149 IsvI hai / prAcArya mahAsena yaha lAr3a bAgaDa saMgha ke pUrNacandra, prAcArya jayamena ke praziSya aura guNAkara senasUri ke ziSya the / AcArya mahAsena siddhAntaza, vAdI, vAgmI aura kavi the, tathA zabdarUpI brahma ke vicitra dhAma the / yazasviyoM dvArA mAnya aura sajjanoM meM agraNI evaM pApa rahita the aura paramAra vaMzI rAjA muraMja ke dvArA pUjita the / ye samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa kI sImA svarUpa the, aura bhavyarUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle bAndhava the - sUrya the / tathA sindhurAja ke mahAmAtyapaTa dvArA jinake caraNa kamala pUjita the unhIM ke anurodha se kavi ne pradyumna carita kI racanA kI hai / aura rAjA ke anucara vivekavAna madhana ne ise likhakara kovida janoM ko J 1. to viditA khilorusamayo bAdI ca vAgmI kaviH zabdabrahmavizvitradhAmamazatAM mAnyoM satAmagraNIH / zrAsIt zrI mahAsenasUrignaghaH zrIma'jarAjAcitaH // sImA darzanabodhatapasA bhayyAvjanIvAndhavaH // 13 2. zrI sindhurAjasya mahattamena zrI papaDenAcina pAdapadmaH / cakAra tenAbhihitaH prabandhaM sa pAvana niSThita maja // prata carita prazArita

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya diyA / ApakI kRti 'pradyumna carita' nAmaka mahAkAvya hai / jisake prayetka sarga kI putrikA meM zrIsindhurAja satka mahAmahattama zrI parpaTa guro: paMDita zrImahAsenAcAryasya kRte / vAkya ullikhita milatA hai jisase spaSTa hai ki parpaTa mahAsena ke ziSya the / aura jaina dharma ke saMpAlaka the / yaha eka sundara kAvya grantha hai| isa meM 14 sarga haiM, jinameM zrI kRSNa ke putra pradyumna kumAra kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai, jo kAmadeva the| jise kavi ne sasAravicchedaka batalAyA hai| isakI kathA vastu kA AdhAra srota harivaMza purANa hai| harivaMza purANa meM yaha carita 47 veM saga ke 20veM padma se 48veM sarga ke 31 veM padya taka pAyA jAtA hai / kAvya kA kathA bhAga bar3A hI suMdara rasa aura alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hai / isa grantha meM upajAti, vaMzastha zArdUlavikrIDita, rathoddhatA, praharSiNI, drutavilambita, pRthvI, anuSTubha upendrabaccA, hariNI, svAgatA, mAlinI, lalitA, zAlinI, aura basantatilakA Adi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kathA kA nAyaka paurANika vyakti hai parantu usakA jIvana atyanta pAvana rahA hai / 215 kavi mahAsena ne graMtha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyA, kintu zilAlekhoM Adi para se muMja aura sindhula kA kAla nizcita hai / rAjA muMja ke do dAnapatra vi0 saM0 2031 aura 1036 ke mile haiN| saM0 1050 aura saM0 1054 ke madhya kisI samaya tailapadeva ne muMja kA vadha kiyA thaa| inhIM rAjA muMja ke samaya 1050 meM amitagati dvitIya ne apanA subhASitaratnasandoha samApta kiyA thA / zrataH yahI samaya AcArya mahAsena kA honA caahie| yaha IsA kI 10vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya haiM / zrAdi paMpa inakA janma san 102 meM brAhmaNa kula meM huA thaa| pitA kA nAma abhirAmadevarAya thA / jo pahale vedAnuyAyI thA aura bAda ko vaha jainadharma kA upAsaka ho gayA thaa| yaha puligerI cAlukya rAjA arikezarI kA darabArI kavi aura senApati thA / aura kanar3I bhASA kA zreSTha kavi samajhA jAtA thaa| isakI do kRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| eka prAdi purANa aura dUsarA bhAratacampU / Adi purANa gadya-padyamaya campU hai, jise kavi ne 39 varSa kI avasthA meM tIna mahIne meM banAkara samApta kiyA thA / grantha meM 16 pariccheda yA adhyAya haiM / isa grantha kA gadya lalita, hRdayaMgama, gaMbhIrAzaya aura bhAvapUrNa hai aura padya motI kI lar3iyoM ke samAna hai| bhASA zailI sarvotkRSTa hai| isa grantha ke Adi meM samantabhadra, kavi parameSThI, pUjyapAda, gRddhapicchAcArya, jaTAcArya, zruta kIrti, maladhAri, siddhAnta munIzvara, devendra muni, jayanaMdi muni zraura kalaMka deva kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1 kavi kI dUsarI kRti bhAratacampU' hai jise kavi ne chaha mahIne meM banAkara pUrNa kiyA thaa| isameM 14 prAzvAsa haiN| jisameM pANDavoM ke janma se lekara kauravoM ke vadha taka kI ghaTanA a Mkita hai / aura rAjyAbhiSeka ho cukane para grantha samApta kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha kanar3I sAhitya meM ve joDa hai isameM kavi ko Azraya dene vAle rAjA arikesarI kA arjuna ke sAtha sAmya dikhalAyA gayA hai| isa grantha kI racanA se prasanna hokara arikesarI ne kavi ko bacce sAsira' prAnta kA 'dharmapura nAma kA eka grAma bheMTasvarUpa diyA thA / kavi ne yaha grantha zaka saM0 863 san 641 zrIra vi0 [saM0 668) meM banAkara samApta kiyA thA / ataH kavi dazavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna hai / kavi paunna porana kanar3I bhASA kA prasiddha kavi huA hai| kavi cakravartI, ubhayacakravartI, sarvadeva kavIndra aura saujanya kukura Adi isakI upAdhiyAM thiiN| isake guru kA nAma indranaMdi thA / kannar3a sAhitya meM pampa, paunna aura ranna ne 3. zrI bhUyateranucaro bhavato vivekI zRMgAra bhAvadhanasAgararAgaNAraM / kAvyaM vicitra paramAdbhutavarNa-gumphaM saMlekhya kovida janAya dakSa suvRttaM // 6 vahI prazasti

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 asAdhAraNa khyAti pAI hai| paulna to bANa kI barAbarI karate haiN| nayasena ne apane dharmAmRta ke 36 va padya ke nimna vAkya dvArA 'asagana desi ponnata mahottana tiveta veDagaM, asaga aura paunna kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / paunta ne svayaM zAntinAtha purANa (650I0) meM kannar3a kavitA meM apane ko-'kannajakaviteyola prasagam, vAkya dvArA prasaga ke samAna honA batalAyA hai / rASTrakUTa rAjA kRSNa tRtIya ne jisakA dUsarA nAma akAlavarSa thA / inakA rAjya kAla zaka saM0867 se 814, (san 145 se 172) taka thA / ise ubhayakavi cakravartI kA sammAna sUcaka pada pradAna kiyA thA, aisA janna ke yazodhara caritra se jo IsvI san 1206 meM banA hai mAlUma hotA hai durgasiMha (san 1145) ke eka padya se bhI isakA sAkSya milatA hai / isake banAye hue zAntinAtha purANa aura jinAkSara mAlA ye do anya upalabdha haiN| zAntinAtha purANa, jisameM solahaveM tIrthakara kA jIvana vRtta aMkita hai| gadya-padya maya campUkAvya hai| isake bAraha aAzvAsa haiM / isa grantha ko kadi purANa cUr3AmaNi bhI kahate haiN| isakoka vitA bahuta hI sundara hai| vegI deza ke kammenADikA paM gan ra nAmaka gAMva ke rahane vAle kauDinya gotrodbhava nAgamayya nAmaka, jaina brAhmaNa ke mallaya aura punnimayya nAma ke do putra the jo bAda meM talapadeva ke senApati ho gaye the | apane guru jinacandra deva ke prati parokSa binaya pragaTa karane ke lie kavi paunna se zAMtinAtha purANa banAne kA anurodha kiyA thaa| unhIM ke anurodha se isa grantha kI racanA huI hai aisA anya prazasti para se jJAta hotA hai / jinAkSara mAlA choTI-sI stavanAtmaka kavitA hai| jo varNAnukrama se banAI gaI hai| zAntinAtha purANa ke anta ke eka padya se mAlUma hotA hai ki isa kavi ke banAye hue do nantha aura haiN| eka rAma kathA yA bhavanaka rAmAbhyudaya aura dUsarA gatapratyAgatavAda / yaha dUsarA grantha saMskRta meM hai| mA-koI vidvAna inakA banAyA hamA alaMkAra grantha bhI batalAte haiM parantu ye tInoM grantha anupalabdha hai / prajitapurANa ke eka padya se jJAta hotA hai ki pApa paunna paura ranna tInoM kavi kannar3a sAhitya ke ratna haiN| ponna kavi kI uttaravartI jaina-janetara kaviyoM ne prazaMsA kI hai| pArzva paNDita (I0 san 1206), nayasena (1112), nAgavarma (1145) rudrabhadra (1980) kezirAja (1260) madhura (1380) Adi / ina kaviyoM ke kannar3I granthoM kA hindI anuvAda honA Avazyaka hai jisase hindI bhASI janatA bhI usase lAbha uThA ske| cUki kavi ne apanA zAntinAtha purANa san 650I0 meM banAyA thaa| kavi kA samatha 10vIM zatAbdI hai| kavi ratna ranna kavi kA janma san 146 IsvI meM 'mRdubola' nAma ke grAma meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma jinavallabhendra aura mAtA kA nAma abbalabbe thaa| yaha jainadharma ke saMpAlaka vaizya (vaniyA) the| Arthika sthiti kamajora hone ke kAraNa apanA jIvana nirvAha cUr3I beca kara karate the| isa kAraNa ve apanI saMtAna kI zikSA kA ucita prabandha nahIM kara pAte the| kintu ranna janma se hI honahAra, subhaga cAritravAna aura uttama prakatiyoM kA dhanI thaa| vaha medhAvI aura bhAgyazAlI thA / isako dekhate hI anajAna Agantuka bhI apanAne laga jAte the| vaha par3osiyoM ke liye atyanta priya thaa| usake mAtA-pitA kA usa para apAra prema thA / usako grahaNa-dhAraNa kI zakti aura pratibhA bAlyakAla se hI Azcarya janaka thii| usane bAlyakAla meM apanA samaya adhyayana meM dhyatIta kiyA thA / kumAra avasthA meM bhI usako vizeSa ruci adhyayana kI pora thii| Arthika paristhiti ThIka na hone para bhI usane apanI himmata nahIM haarii| kintu vaha dRDhavratI raha apane uddezya kI pUrti karane ke prayatna meM saMlagna rahatA thaa| eka dina vaha ghara se baMkApura calA gyaa| usa samaya baMkApura vidyA kA kendra banA huA thaa| vahAM kaI vidyAlaya the, jinameM zikSA dI jAtI thii| vaha ajitasenAcArya ke pAsa pahu~cA, unake darzana kara usakA mana harSita hamA, usane unheM namaskAra kiyA / prAcArya ne pUchA tumhArA kyA nAma hai aura yahA~ kisa liye pAye ho / usane kahA, bhagavana ! merA nAma ranna hai aura yahAM vidyAdhyayana karane kI icchA se pAyA hai| prAcArya ne usakI ruci vidyAdhyayana kI dekha usakI saba vyavasthA karA dii| ranna medhAvI aura parizramI chAtra thA, usane bar3I lamana se vahA~ siddhAnta

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navI-dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 217 kAvya, chanda, alaMkAra, koza aura mahAkAvyoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| vidyAdhyayana se usakI buddhi zAna para rakhe hue ratna ke samAna camaka utthii| pratibhA sampanna vidvAna dekhakara prAcArya ke harpa kA ThikAnA na rahA / __ zrAcArya ne gaMgarAja ke maMtrI cAmuNDa rAya se usakA paricaya karAyA / cAmuNDarAya guNIjanoM ke prAdhayadAtA to the hI, unhoMne tIkSNa buddhi aura pratibhA sampanna yuvaka ko pAkara usakI sahAyatA kii| ve isake poSaka the| aba kavi rAjya mAnya thA aura rAjA kI aura se use survaNa daNDa, cavara, chatra' hAthI isake sAtha calate the| isakI kavirala, kavicakravartI, kavikuMjarAMkuza aura ubhayabhASAkavi upAdhiyAM thiiN| kavi ranno apanI kAvyakalA, komala kalpanA, cArU cintA auraprasphuTita pratibhA aura prasAda guNa yukta zailI ke kAraNa usakI tatkAlIna kannar3a vidvAnoM para prabhutA chA gaI thii| isase use asAdhAraNa khyAti milii| kavi kI isa samaya do kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| eka kA nAma 'prajitapurANa, aura dUsarI kRti kA nAma sAhasa bhIma vijaya yA gadAyuddha hai| ajita purANa meM jainiyoM ke dUsare tIrthakara ajitanAtha kA jIvana paricA 12 grAzvAsoM meM aMkita hai| yaha gA padyamaya campU grantha hai jise kAvyaratna aura purANa tilaka bhI kahate haiN| kavi ne isa grantha ko racanA zaka saM015 (san 663 I0) vi0 saM0 1050 meM banAkara samApta kI thii| kavi kahatA hai ki jisa taraha maiM isa grantha kI racanA se 'vaizyavaMzadhvaja' kahalAyA, usI taraha AdipurANa kI racanA ke kAraNa papa 'dAhmaNavaMzadhvaja' kahalAyA thaa| talapadeva (973-17) ke do senApati the| mallapa aura puNyamayya inameM se puNyamayya to apane zatra govinda ke magya ar3akara kAverI nadI ke taTa para mArA gayA / aura mallapa tailipadeva ke svargavAsI hone ke bAda pAhaba malla ke rAjA hone para (san 197 se 1008 dasa sau pATha) taka mukhyAdhikArI huaa| isakI pratimabbe nAma kI eka sundara kanyA thI, jo cAlukya cakravartI ke mahAmaMtrI dallipa ke putra nAgadeva ko bivAhI thii| nAgadeva bAlakapana se bar3A sAhasI aura parAkramI huaa| ataeva cAlukya nareza pAhaya malla ne prasanna hokara ise apanA pradhAna senApati bnaayaa| yaha aneka yuddhoM meM apanA parAkrama dikhalAkara vijayo huA aura anta ko mArA gayA / isakI laghupatnI guDamabbe to isake sAtha satI ho gaI, kintu atimadhce apane putra annagadeva kI rakSA karatI huI vrata niSTha hokara rahane lgii| isakI jainadharma para agAdha zraddhA thii| isane suvarNamaya aura ratnajaTita eka hajAra jina pratimAeM banavAkara sthApita kii| aura lAkhoM rupayoM kA dAna kiyaa| isa dAnazolA strIratna ke santoSa ke lie kaviratna ne ukta ajitapurANa kI racanA kI thI / aisA usa grantha kI prazasti se jJAta hAtA hai| - sAhasa bhImavijaya yA gadA yuddha-yaha dasa prAzvAsoM kA gadya-padyamaya campU anya hai| isameM mahAbhArata kI kathA kA sihAvalokana karate hue cAlukya nareza Ahaba malla kA caritra likhA hai| aura apane poSaka pAhava malladeva kI bhImarona ke sAtha tulanA kI hai| racanA vilakSaNa aura prAsAda guNa ko lie hue hai| karnATaka kavi carita ke kartA ne likhA hai ki ranna kavi kI racanA praur3ha aura sarasa hai, padya prabAha rUpa aura hRdayagrAhI hai / sAhasa bhIma vijaya ko par3hanA zurU karake phira chor3ane ko jI nahIM caahtaa|| mahAbhArata yuddha meM kaurava-pANDavoM kI sainya zakti ke kSaya ke sAtha duryodhana ke sabhI prAtmIyajanoM ke mAre jAne para, tathA pANDavoM ke abhimanyu jaise vIra yuvaka ke svargavAsI ho jAne para, logoM ko yaha dhAraNA ho gaI yo ki duryodhana akelA pANDavoM ko vijita nahIM kara sktaa| yadyapi vaha vIra kSatriya, mahAparAkramI, gurubhakta, haThI, prati kArAbhilASI, yuddha priya evaM udAra hai, to bhI usane mAtA-pitA, bhISma aura saMjaya dvArA upasthita saMdhi ke prastAva ko ThukarA diyaa| vaha usI samaya sagarva saMjaya se kahatA hai ki ye sabala bhujAe~ aura merI pracaMDa gadA maujUda hai| ataeva mujhe kisI kI sahAyatA kI prAvazyakatA nahIM hai| aMdhapitA dhRtarASTra pANDavoM ko prAdhA rAjya dekara saMghI karane kI prArthanA karatA hai, mAtA gAMdhArI bhI dInatA se usakA samarthana karatI hai| to bhI usa para usakA koI prabhAva nahIM pdd'taa| anta meM duryodhana aura bhIma kA bhISaNa gadAyuddha hotA hai / usameM bhIma kI gadA ke prahAra se duryodhana ke uru bhaMga ho ge| jisase vaha maraNAsanna ho gyaa| uruSoM kI asahya pIr3A ko sahatA huaA bhI duryodhana pAMDavoM se badalA lene ke lie azvatthAmA se kahatA hai ki pAMDavoM ko mAra kara unake mastaka lAkara mujhe dikhalAmo jisase mere prANazAnti se nikala skeN|

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218 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 isameM sandeha nahIM ki duryodhana mahA abhimAnI aura IrpAlu aura kauravoM kA pakSapAtI thaa| vaha pAMDavoM ko nirdoSa mAnatA humA bhI unake pratikAra karane kI bhAvanA rakhatA thA / phira bhI usameM kucha mAnavocita guNa bhI the, unako sarvathA bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA / jaba vaha yuddha sthala ma bhAre gae apane snehA pAra gurujanA prAdi kA dekhatA hai taba vaha unake prati svAbhAvika guru bhakti prakaTa karatA huA sneho janoM ke viyoga se khinna hAtA hai| aura unaka vinAza meM durnaya evaM duSTatA ko kAraNa mAnatA huA pazcAtApa karatA hai| aura bhISma ke caraNoM meM par3a kara unase kSamA mAMgatA hai| prAge zatrukumAroM meM parAkramI bAlaka abhimanyu ko dekhatA hai taba usake sAhasa aura voratA kA mukta kaMTha se prazaMsA karatA huA duryodhana hAtha jor3akara prArthanA karatA hai ki mujhe bhI isI prakAra vIra maraNa prApta ho| rana kavi kA 'gadAyuddha' bahuta hI mArmika aura vastutatva kA yathArtharUpa meM citraNa karatA hai| mahAbhArata meM sarvatra bhIma ke sAhasa kI prazaMsA milegii| kintu ranna kavi ke gadAyuddha meM duryodhana ke sAmane bhoma kA sAhasa nisteja (phIkA) ho jAtA hai adhikAMza grantha kartAoM ne dropadi ke vastrApaharaNa Adi anucita ghaTanAoM ke kAraNa duryodhana ko kalaMkI mAdi apazabdoM se doSI ThaharAyA hai vaha haThI hote hue bhI usameM udAratA Adi guNa avazya the| bhIma bhI abhimAnI pratApI aura sAhasI thaa| usakI gadA prahAra se jaba duryodhana ke uru bhaMga ho ge| usako asahya pIr3A se pIDita aura rakta mAdrita maraNAsanna duryodhana ke mukuTa ko lAta mAranA kisI taraha bhI ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA, vaha bhIma kA anucita kArya thA / ranna kA duryodhana antataka kSAtra dharma kA pAlana karatA hai| bhIma meM haMsI Adi kacha aise doSa bhI the jisake kAraNa mahA pratApI nArAyaNa kRSNa bhI pANDavoM se virakta ho gae the| ranna kavi kA 'ranna kanda' nAma kA eka choTA-sA kavitA grantha bhI hai| guNanandi guNanandi nandi saMgha dezIya gaNa ke AcArya blAkapiccha ke ziSya the| jo bhavyarUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle pana bandhu the| muniyoM ke svAmI dezIya gaNa meM agraNIya, aura guNAkara tathA gaNadhara ke samAna the| unakI vidvattA aura mahattA kA sahaja hI anumAna ho jAtA hai| jaisAki ki nimna padya se prakaTa hai: babhUva bhacyAmbujapadmabandhuH patimunInAM gnnbhRtsmaanH| sadapraNI dezagaNAgragaNyo guNAkaraH zrIguNanandinAmA // zravaNa belgola ke 47 va zilAlekha meM batalAyA gayA hai ki guNanandi bhAcArya ke tIna sau 300 ziSya the| unameM 72 siddhAnta zAstra ke marmajJa vidvAna the| vibudhaguNanandi bhI inhIM ke ziSya the| vibudhagaNanandi ke ziSya abhaya nandi the una ziSyoM meM devendra saiddhAntika sabase adhika prasiddha the| ina devendra saiddhAntika ke eka ziSya kaladhautanandi yA kanaka nandi siddhAntacakravartI the jinhoMne indranandi guru ke pAsa siddhAnta zAstra kA adhyayana kiyA thA aura satva sthAna kI racanA kI thii| isa lekha ke utkIrNa hone kA samaya zaka saM0 1026 san 1107 hai| kintu prastuta prAcArya kA samaya ukta zilAlekha se pUrvavartI hai| ve dazavoM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| yazodeva yazodeva-gaur3a saMgha ke mAnya mUni the| ugra tapa ke prabhAva se jinakA zAsana devatA se samAgama tachiyo guganandi paNDita yatizcAritracaka zvarastakaM prAkaraNAdi zAstranipuNa sAhitya vidyApatiH ! mithyAvAdimadAndhasindhuraghaTAsaMghaTTakaNThIravo, madhyAmbhoja divAkaro vijayatA kantapadayApahaH // 7 // tacchiSyA strizatAvivekanidhayazzAstrAbdhipAraGgatAsteSutkRSTatA dvisaptatimitA siddhAnta zAstrArthakavyAkhyAne paTako viSiSacaritAsteSu prasiddho muniH / nAnAnUnanayapramANanipuNo devendrasaiddhAntikaH // -jaina lekha saM0bhA01pR057-58

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navamI dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya hayA thaa| yaha mahAna Rddhi ke dhAraka the| inhIM ke ziSya nemideva the, jo syAdvAda samudra ke usa pAra taka dekhane vAle aura paravAdiyoM ke darNarUpI vRkSoM ko chedane ke liye kuThAra the| yAcArya somadeva ne nItivAkyAmata ko prazasti naM nemideva ko 55 mahAvAdiyoM ko parAjita karane vAlA batalAyA hai| aura yazastilaka kI prazasti meM 3 mahAvAdiyoM ko jItane vAlA likhA hai| inakA samaya saM0 675 honA caahiye| nemidevAcArya nemidevAcArya-yaha deva saMgha ke vidvAna yazAdeva' ke ziSya the| bar3e bhArI vidvAna aura vAda vijetA the| inhIM ke ziSya somadeva the| somadeva ne apane guru nemidevAcArya ko nItivAdAkyAmRta prazasti meM pacapana (55) vAdiyoM kA vijetA batalAyA hai| jaisA ki usake nimna prazasti vAkya se prakaTa hai : 'sakalatAkika cakracUDAmaNi cumbita-caraNasya paMca paMcAmahAvAdi vijayopAjita kIti mandAkinI pavitrita tribhuvanasya, parama tapazcaraNaratnodanvataH zrI manne bhideva bhagavataH" / --nItivAkyAmRta prazasti ve tArkika cakracUr3AmaNi, aura syAdvAda rUpa ratnAkara ke pAradarzI tathA paravAdiyoM ke darpa rUpI drumAvalI ko chedana ke liye kuThAranemi-kudAlI kI-dhAra the| somadevAcArya ne jaba yazastilaka campU banAyA, usa samaya taka unake guru nemideva ne te rAnave vAdiyoM ko jIta liyA thA / jaisAki yazastilaka campU ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai : zrImAnasti devasaMghatilako devo yazaHpUrvakaH / ziSyastasya babhUva sadaguNanidhiH zrIne midevaalyH|| tasyAzcayaM tapaH sthitestrinavate jaiturmahAvAditAM / ziSyo bhUdiha somadeva yatipastasyeva kAvya kramaH (-yazastilaka khampU prazasti) inake bahuta ziSya the| jinameM se eka zataka ziSyoM ke prabaraja ( anuja ) aura zataka ke pUrvaja somadeva the, aisA parabhaNI ke tAmra patra se jJAta hotA hai / isase nemideva kI vidvattA aura mahattA kA sahaja hI bhAna ho jAtA hai aura yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki nemideva usa samaya ke tArkika vidvAnoM meM sarvazreSTha the| aura nItivAkyAmata aura yazastilaka campU kI prazastiyoM se yaha nizcita hotA hai ki ve donoM racanAoM ke samaya maujUda the| ki yazastilaka kI racanA zaka saM0 851 ( vi0 saM0 1016) meM huI hai| ataH nemideva usa samaya jIvita the| usake bAda ve aura kitane samaya taka jIvita rahe, yaha kucha jJAta nahIM hotaa| prataeva inakA samaya vikrama kI 10 vIM zatAbdI kA upAntya bhAga hai| mahendra deva mahendradeva-deva saMgha ke AcArya nemideva ke ziSya the aura somadevAcArya ke anuja aura bar3e guru -parabharaNI tAmrapatra 1. zrI gauisaMgha munimAnyakrItinAmnA yazodeva iti prjthe| babhUba pasyogratapaH prabhAvAtsamAgamaH zAsanadevatAbhiH // 15 2. ziSyobhavattasyamahaddhibhAjaH syAdvAdaratnAkarapAradRzvA / zrImidevaH paravAdidappaMdra mAyalIccheda kuThAranemiH // 16 3. tasmAttapaHpazriyo bhatullokAnAM hRdayaMgamAH / babhUvabahavaHziSyA ralAnIva tadAkarAt // 17 // teSAM vAtasyAvarajaH zatasya tayAbhavatyUrvaja eva dhImAn / zrI somadevastapasaH zrutasya sthAna sazodhAma guNojiMtazrI: 1 // 18 -vahI -vahI

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 bhAI the| somadevAcArya ne nItivAkyAmata kI prazasti meM mahendradeva bhaTrAraka kA apane ko anuja likhA hai aura unheM 'vAdIndrakalAmala batalAyA hai| ve una mahendra deba se bhinna nahIM hai, jinakA ullekha rAmasena (tattvAnuzAsana ke kartA ) ne apane zAstra gurutroM meM kiyA hai| parabhaNI ke tAmrazAsana se jJAta hotA hai| ki prastuta mahendradeva nemideva ke nadana me ziSyoM meM se eka the| jinameM eka zataka ziSyoM ke pravaraja (anuja) aura eka zataka ziSyoM ke pUrvaja somadeva the| cUMki yaha tAmrazAsana yazastilaka campU kI racanA se sAta varSa bAda zaka saM0 888 ke vyatIta hone para vaMzAkha kI pUrNimA ko likhA gayA hai ataH ina mahendradeva kA samaya zaka saM070 se 188taka sunizcita hai arthAt mahendradeva san 648 se 166 I. ke arthAt IsA kI 10vIM zatAbdI ke madhyavartI vidvAna haiN| kannauja ke rAjA mahendrapAla prathama yA dvitIya ne somadeva ke guru nemideva' se dIkSA grahaNa kI thI; athavA somadeva mahendrapAla rAjA kA kauTAmbika dRSTi se choTA bhAI thA, yaha korI kalpanA jAna par3atI hai| kyoMki mahendra pAla kA 'vAdIndra kAlAnala' vizeSaNa bhI unake rAjasva kA dyotaka nahIM hai| pratyuta nItivAkyAmata ke TIkAkAra ne unheM ziva bhakta ke rUpa meM ullekhita kiyA hai| tattvAnuzAsana ke kartA rAmasena ne apane vidyAzAstrI gurupoM meM jina . mahendra deva kA nAmollekha hai, be somadeva ke bar3e guru bhAI hI jAna par3ate haiN| somadeva devasaMgha ke AcArya yazodeva ke praziSya aura nemidevAcArya ke ziSya the / jo terAnave vAdiyoM ke vijetA the| devasaMgha loka meM prasiddha hai| isakI sthApanA prAcArya arhavalI ne kI thii| isa saMgha meM aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| yaha aMkalaMka aura devanandi (pUjyapAda) isI saMgha ke mAnya vidvAna the| yazodeva, nemideva aura mahendradeva Adi devAnta nAma isI deva saMgha ke dyotaka haiN| nItivAkyAmRta prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki somadeva mahendradeva ke laghu bhrAtA the| aura syAhAdAcalasiMha, tAkika cakravartI, vAdImapaMJcAnana, bAkkallolapayonidhi, tathA kavikularAja, unakI upAdhiyoM thiiN| parabhaNI tAmrapatra meM somadeva ko 'gor3asaMgha' kA vidvAna likhA hai| projhA jI ke anusAra prAcIna kAla meM gaur3anAma ke do deza the / pazcimI baMgAla aura uttarI kozala-avadhakA eka bhAga, kannauja sAmrAjya, kA adhikAra bhI gaur3apara rahA hai| somadeva kA saMskRta bhASA para vizeSa adhikAra thA / nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, chanda, dharma, prAcAra aura rAjanIti ke ve prakANDa paMDita the| mahAkavi dharma zAstrajJa aura prasiddha dArzanika the| somadeva kI khyAti unake gadya-padyAtmaka kAvya yazastilaka aura rAjanIti kI pustaka nItivAkyAmRta se hai| yadi inameM se nIti vAkyAmRta ko chor3a bhI diyA jAya to bhI akelA yazaritalaka grantha hI unake vaiduSya ke paricaya ke liye paryApta hai| usameM unake vaiduSya ke apUrva kapa dikhAI dete haiN| saMskRta kI gadya-padya racanA para unakA pUrNa prabhatva hai| jaina siddhAntoM ke adhikArI vidvAna hote hue bhI de itara darzanoM ke dakSa samAlocaka haiN| rAjanIti ke to ve gaMbhIra vidvAna haiM hI, isa taraha unakI donoM prasiddha racanAe~ paraspara meM eka dUsare kI pUraka hai| nItivAkyAmata ko prazasti kA nimna padya isa prakAra hai:-- sakala samayata vAkalo 'si vAvi, na bhavasi samayoktI haMsa siddhAntadevaH / na vacana vilAse pUjyapAdo'si tasvaMyavasi kathamivAnI somadevena sArdham // ' tasmAttapaH zriyo bhartA (k) lokAnAM hRdyNgmaaH| vabhavabahavaHzivAralAnIva tadAkarAt // 17 teSAM zatasyAvaraNaH zatasya tathA bhavatpUrvaja eva dhImAn / thI somadevatapataH zrutasma sthAna yazodhAma guNojitathIH // 18 2. zrI mAnakSiA sa devasaMgha zivako bedhIyazaH pUrvakaH / ziSyastasya babhUva sadguNanidhiH zrInemidevAvayaH / tasyAna caryatapa: sthitastrinavaterjetumahAvAdinAM, ziSyo'bhadiha somadeva iti yastasyaSa kAvyakramaH / /

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navama 'vIM tAbdI ke AcArya yaha padya eka vAdI ke prati kahA gayA hai ki tuma samasta darzanoM ke tarka meM akalaMka deva nahIM ho, aura na Agamika uktiyoM meM haMsa siddhAnta deva ho, na vacana vilAsa meM pUjyapAda ho, taba tuma kaho isa samaya somadeva ke sAtha kaise bAda kara sakate ho? ___ usI prazasti ke antima padya meM kahA gayA hai ki somadeva kI vANI vAdirUpI madonmatta gajoM ke liye siMhanAda ke tulya hai / vAda kAla meM vRhaspati bhI unake sammukha nahIM Thahara sakatA' / / somadeva ne apane vyavahAra ke sambandha meM likhA hai ki maiM choToM ke sAtha anugraha, barAbarI vAloM ke sAtha sujanatA aura bar3oM ke sAtha mahAn prAdara kA vartAva karatA huuN| isa viSaya meM merA caritra bar3A hI udAra hai / parantu jo mujhe eMTa dikhAtA hai, usake liye, garvarUpI parvata ko vidhvaMsa karane vAle mere vajra vacana kAlasvarUpa ho jAte hai| "alpe'nugraha ghoH same sujanatA bhAnye mahAnAvaraH, siddhAnto'ya muvAtta citta carite zrI somadeve mayi / yaH spardheta tathApi darpadudRtA prItipragADhAgrahaH stasyA khavitagarvaparvatapavirmadvAkkRtAntAyate // " prAcArya somadeva ne yazastilaka ko utthAnikA meM kahA hai ki jaise gAya ghAsa khAkara dUdha deto hai vaise hI, janma se zuSka taka kA mabhyAsa karane vAlo merI bukhi se kAvya dhArA nisuta huI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki sAmadava ne apanA vidyAbhyAsa tarka se prArambha kiyA thA aura taka hI unakA vAstavika vyavasAya thaa| inako tAkika cakravartI aura vAdIbha paMcAnana Adi upAdhiyAM bhI isakA samarthana karatI haiN| yazastilaka campU se jJAta hotA hai ki somadeva kA adhyayana vizAla thA / aura usa samaya meM upalabdha nyAya, noti, kAvya, darzana, vyAkaraNa Adi sAhitya se ce paricita the| yadyapi somadevAcArya ne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai, yazastilaka campU, nItivAkyAmRta, adhyAtmataraMgiNI (dhyAna vidhi ) yukti cintAmaNi, trivarga mahendramAtali saMjalpa, SaNNavati prakaraNa, syAdvAdopaniSat aura subhApita grantha / ina racanAoM meM se isa samaya prArambha ke tIna grantha hI upalabdha haiN| zeSa granyA kA kevala nAmollekha ho milatA hai / notivAkyAmRta ko prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki somadevAcArya ne 'paNNabati' prakaraNa, yukti cintAmaNi sUtra, mahendramAtalisaMjalpa aura yazodharacarita kI racanA ke bAda hI nIti vAkyAmRta ko racanA kI gaI hai| yazastilA campU-yazastilaka campU ke pAMca prAzvAsoM meM gadya-padya meM rAjA yazodhara kI kathA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| rAjA yazodhara ko kathA bar3I hI karuNA janaka hai| hiMsA ke pariNAma kA bar3A hI sundara aMkana kiyA gayA haiN| ATe ke murgA murgI banAkara mArane se aneka janmoM meM jo ghora kaSTa bhogane par3e, jinako sunane se roMgaTe khaDe ho jAte hai| prAcArya somadeva ne yazodhara aura candramati ke caritra kA yathArtha citraNa kiyA hai / aura avaziSTa tIna prAzvAsoM meM upAsakAdhyayana kA kathana kiyA gayA hai-zrAvaka dharma kA pratipAdana hai| isameM 46 kalpa haiM jinake nAma bhinna bhinna haiN| prathama kalA kA nAma 'samastasamayasiddhAntAvabodhana hai| jisameM sabhI darzanoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| dUsare kalpa kA nAma 'AptasvarUpa mImAMsana' hai, jisameM prApta kI maumAMsA karate hue unake devatva kA nirasana kiyA hai| tIsare kA nAma 'pAgamapadArtha parokSaNa' hai-jisameM pahale deva kI parIkSA karane ke bAda unake bacanoM ko parIkSA karane kA nidA kiyA gayA hai / cauthe kalpa kA nAma 'muhatonmathana' hai jisameM mUDhatAnoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isotaraha anya kalpoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki somadeva kA upAsakAdhyayana kaI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai / aura prasaMgavaza jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kA vistAra ke sAtha pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| -- . .- - 1. dhandhi bodhavidha sindhamihanAde, vAdi dvipoddlndurghrvaavivaad| zrI somadevamuni vacanA rasAla, vAgIzvaro'pi purato'sti na vAdakAne / / 2. parabhaNI tAmrapatra meM unheM subhASitAM kA kartA bhI likhA hai|

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222 jaina dharma kA cIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 yazastilaka meM ApakI naisarmika evaM nikharI haI kAvya pratibhA kA pada-pada para anubhava hotA hai| be mahA kavi the aura kAvya kalA para pUrA adhikAra rakhate the| yazastilaka meM jahAM unakI kAvya-kalA kA nidarzana hotA hai vahAM tIsare adhyAya yA AzvAsa meM rAjanIti kA, aura graMtha ke anta meM dharmAcArya evaM dArzanika hone kA paricaya milatA hai| isa grantha para brahma zrutasAgara kI saMskRta TIkA hai| para vaha pUrvArdha para hI hai, uttarArdha para nahIM hai| prAcArya somadeva ne zaka saMvata 881 (159I0) meM siddhArtha saMvatsara meM caitra mAsa kI madanatrayodazI ke dina, jaba kRSNarAja deva (tRtIya) pANDadha, siMhala, cola aura cera prAdi rAjAnoM ko jIta kara melpATI meM zAsana kara rahe the / vahAM mAnya kheTa meM yazastilaka nahIM racA gayA; kinta kRSNarAja ke sAmanta cAlUkya baMzo arikesarI ke jyeSTha putra vAgarAja kI rAjadhAnI gaMgadhArA meM racanA kI thii| aura usI siddhArtha saMvatsara meM puppadanta ne mahApurANa kI racanA kA prArambha kiyA thaa| puSpadanta ne mahApurANa kI utthAnikA meM likhA hai ki-'siddhArtha saMvatsara meM, jaba colarAja kA sira, jisa para kezoM kA jUr3A Upara kI ora ba~dhA hA thA, kATa kara rAjAdhirAja tuDiga (kRSNarAja tatIya) mepADi (melapATI) nagara meM vartamAna haiM maiM prasiddha nAmavAle purANa ko kahatA huuN| nItivAkyAmRta-rAjanIti kA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai| yaha saMskRta sAhitya kA anupama ratna hai| isa kA pradhAna viSaya rAjanIti hai| rAjA aura rAjya zAsana se sambandha rakhane vAlI sabhI prAvazyaka bAtoM kA isameM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| grantha gadya sUtroM meM nibaddha hai| grantha kI pratipAdana zailI prabhAvazAlinI aura gaMbhIra hai| AcArya somadeva ne DA0 rAghavana ke anusAra isa grantha kI racanA kannauja ke pratihAra rAjA mahendrapAla dvitIya kI preraNA se kI thii| inakA eka zilAlekha vi0 saM0 1.03 kA prApta huA hai aura dUsarA vi0 saM01005 kA inake uttarAdhikArI devapAlakA / yazastilaka ke 'kAnyakubja mahodaya' aura 'mahendrAmara mAnya dhI' vAkya bhI isakI puSTi karate haiM / nItivAkyAmRta meM usakI racanA kA sthAna aura samaya nahIM diyaa| isa grantha para kanar3I bhASA ke kavi neminAtha kI TIkA hai, jo kisI rAjA ke sandhi vigrahika maMtrI the| unhoMne meghacandra vidyadeva aura vIranandi kA smaraNa kiyA hai| neminAtha ne yaha TIkA vIranandi ko prAzA se likhI hai| meSacandra kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1037 (vi0 saM0 1172) meM huA thaa| aura vIranandi ne AcArasAra kI kanar3I TIkA zakasaMvat 1076 (vi.saM. 1211) meM likhI thii| ataH neminAtha 12vIM zatAbdI ke anta aura terahavIM ke prArambha meM hue haiN| tIsarA granya 'dhyAna vidhi' yA adhyAtmataraMgiNI hai, jisako zloka saMkhyA cAlIsa hai| isameM dhyAna aura usake bheda Adi kA varNana diyA hai| isa para adhyAtmataraMgiNI nAma kI eka saMskRta TIkA hai| jisake kartA muni gaNadhara kIti hai| jise unhoMne yaha TIkA vi0 saM01159meM caitra zukalA paMcamI ravivAra ke dina gujarAta ke cAlukya vaMzIya rAjA jayasiMha yA siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjya kAla meM banAkara samApta kI hai| jaisA ki usakI prazasti ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai: 1. zani kAlAtItasaMvatsareSvaSTaskAzItyadhikeSu gateSu aMkataH (281) siddhArtha saMvatsarAntargata caitra mAga madana trayodazyAM pAgya-siMhala-cora paramaprabhUtInmahIpatIprasAdhya melATI pravardhamAna rAjyaprabhAve zrIkRSNarAja deve sati tatpAdapadmopa jIvinaH samadhigata paJcamahAzabdamahAsamAntAdhipatezcAtRsya kulajanmanaH sAmanta cuDAmaNe: zrImadarikesariNaH prathama putrasya zrImamaga rAjasya lakSmI-pravarSamAnavasudhArAyA gaMgarAdhArAyAM vinirmApitamida kaavymiti| -yastilaka prazasti 2. jaM kahami purANu pasiddhaNAma, siddhastha varisi bhuvaNAhirAm / umbaddha jur3a bhUbhaMgabhIsu, tor3eppiNa coDaho taNa sIm / bhuvaNekarAyu rAyAhirAu, jahi acchai turigu mhaannbhaau| saM dINa dizya dharaNakaraNaya payaru, mahi paribhamaMtu meMpAhi gyaa| mahApurANa utthAnikA

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navamI dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 223 ekAvaza zatAkIrNa navAzItyuttare pre| saMvatsare zubhe yoge puSyanakSatrasaMjJake // caitramAse site pakSe'tha paMcamyAM ravA dine / siddhA siddhapradATIkA gaNabhRtkItivipazcitaH // nisvaMzajitArAtI vijayazrI virAjAna / jayasiMha deva saurAjye sajjanAnandadAzinI / / jayasiMha deva kA rAjya saM0 1150 se 1166 taka bahA rahA hai| ata: gaNadhara kIti ke ukta samaya meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| haidarAvAda ke parabhanI nAmaka sthAna se eka tAmrapatra prApta hunA hai jo yazastilaka kI racanA se sAta varSa pazcAt somadeva ko diyA gayA thaa| usameM cAlukya sAmantoM kI vaMzAvalI dI huI hai, jo isa prakAra hai: yUddhamalla 1 rikezarI, narasiMha (bhadradeva) yuddha malla baDiga 1, yuddhamalla arikezarI narasiMha 2 (bhadradeva), arikezarI 3, vaDiga 2 (vAdyaga) aura arikezarI 4 / isI vaDDiga dvitIya yA vAdyaga ke rAjyakAla 56 I. meM somadeva ne apanA kAvya racA thA / isI tAmrapatra meM bAdyaga ke putra prarikesarI caturtha zaka saM0 88 (666 I0) meM zabhadhAma nAmaka jinAlaya ko jIrNoddhArArtha somadeva ko eka gAMva dene kA ullekha hai / yaha jinAlaya lebula pATaka nAma ko rAjadhAnI meM vAdyaga ne banavAyA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya (666 I0) meM somadeva zubhadhAma jinAlaya ke vyavasthApaka the / aura apanI sAhityika pravatti meM saMlagna the, kyoMki isa tAmrapatra meM somadeva kI yazodhara carita ke sAtha-sAtha 'syAdvAdopaniSata' nAmaka grantha kA bhI racayitA likhA hai| zodhAra naM022 meM DA0 jyotiprasAda jI ne somadeva sambandhI eka zilAlekha kA paricaya diyA hai| astaMgata nijAmarAjya ke karIma nagara jile meM sthita 'lamulavADa' nAmaka sthAna se eka pASANakhaNDa prApta hayA hai| jisameM saMskRta ke do padya haiN| jinameM likhA hai ki lembula pATaka ke cAlukya vaMzI nareza baddigane gaur3a saMgha ke mAcArya somadeva sUri ke upadeza se (athavA unake hitArtha) ukta nagara meM eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| abhilekha meM sUcita kiyA hai ki yaha rAjA vadviga sapAdalakSa (savAlAkha) deza ke zAsaka yuddhamalla kI pAMcavIM pIr3hI meM hayA thaa| yaha vahI zUbha dhAma jinAlaya hai jisake saMrakSaNa ke lie cAlukya nre| prarikesarI ne zaka saM 888 (sana 166 I.) meM apane guru momadeva ko eka tAmra zAsana arpita kiyA thaa| yaha lekha mahatvapUrNa hai isase zabhadhAma jinAlaya ke sthala kA patA cala jAtA hai| saMbhava hai vahAM khudAI karane para aura bhI avazeSa prApta ho jAya / mula zilAlekha ke ve padya bhI prakAzita honA caahie| traikAla yogIza malasaMgha, dezIyagaNa aura pustaka gaccha ke vidvAna the| yaha gollAcArya ke vidvAna ziSya the| inhoMne kisI brahma rAkSasa ko apanA ziSya banA liyA thaa| unake smaraNa mAtra se bhUtapreta bhAga jAte the| inhoMne karaja ke tela ko cata rUpa meM parivartita kara diyA thaa| yaha bar3e prabhAvazAlI the| inakA samaya--10vIM kA anta aura 11vIM zatAbdI kA prArambha honA caahie| 1.le) bula paTakanAmadheya nijarAjadhAnyAM nijapituH zrI mAgasya zubhadhAma jinAlayAsya vasa (ta:) khaNDasphuTita navasadhAkarma bali nivedyArtha zakAndeSvaSTAzItyadhikeSvaSTazatepugateSu....te zrImadarikesariNA...''zrIsomadevasUraye..."vanikaTa pulanAmA graamH''''''dtsH|" -yadAstilaka. iNDi0 ka. pR. 5 2. "viracitA yazodharacaritasya kartA syAdvAdopa nipada. kabi (cayi) taa|"

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224 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 kavi prasaga jIvana-paricaya--kabi asaga dazabI zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| unake pitA kA nAma 'padamati' thA, jo dharmAtmA ora muni caraNoM kA bhakta thA, aura zuddha samyaktva se yukta zrAvaka thaa| aura mAtA kA nAma 'vairitti' thA, jo zuddha samyaktya se vibhUSita thii| asaga inhIM kA putra thA / inake guru kA nAma nAganandI thA, jo zabda samayArNava ke pAragAmI arthAta byAkaraNa kAdhya aura jaina zAstroM ke jJAtA the / asaga ke mitra kA nAma jinApya thA / yaha bhI jaina dharma meM anurakta zurabIra, paraloka bhIru evaM dvijAtinAtha (brAhmaNa hone para bhI pakSapAta rahita thA? kavi asaga je bhAvakI ti muni ke pAdamUla meM maudgalya parvata para rahakara aura zrAvaka ke vratoM kA vidhipUrvaka anuSThAna kara mamatA rahita hokara vidyAdhyayana karane kA ullekha kiyA hai| aura bAda ko cola deza meM janatopakArI rAjA zrImAdha ke rAjya ko pAkara aura vahAM kI baralA nagarI meM rahakara jinopadiSTa ATha granthoM kI racanA karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| parantu una pATha granthoM ke nAmoM kI koI sUcanA nahIM kI gii| kavi ne vardhamAna parita, kI racanA vi0 saM0610 (I0 san 153 meM kI hai| paunna kavi ne apane zAntinAtha purANa meM 950I0 meM apane ko asaga ke samAna 'kannaDa kaviteyola prasagama, batalAyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki asaga kavi ke bardhamAna carita kI racanA san 650 I0 se pUrva meM ho cukI thI, aura vaha pracAra meM A gayA thA / ataeva vIracarita kI racanA zaka saM0 110 nahIM ho sktii| vaha vikrama saM0610 kI racanA nizcata hai| kavi kI do kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM vardhamAna carita aura zAntinAtha carita / kavi ne vardhamAna caritra mArganandI kI preraNA se banAyA thA / antima tIrthakara bhagavAna varSamAna (mahAvIra) kA carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai| caritra citraNa meM kavi meM kuzala hai aura use ravi ne saMskRta ke prasiddha vividha chandoM-upajAti, basantatilakA, zikhariNI. vaMzastha, zAlinI, anuSTupa mandAkrAntA, zArdUlavikrIDita, svAgatA, praharSiNI, hariNi, aura sragdharA prAdi vattoMmeM rakhane kA prayatna kiyA hai / grantha 18 sargoM meM pUrNa huA hai| kavi ne carita ko jana priya banAne ke liye zAntAdi rasoM aura upamA, utprekSAdi alaMkAroM ko puTa dekara ramaNIya, sarasa aura camatkAra pUrNa banA diyA hai| grantha meM mahA kAvyatva ke sabhI aMgo kI yojanA kI gaI hai| mahavIra kA jIvana paricaya unake pUrva bhavoM se saMyojita hai| usase unake jIvana vikAsa kA krama bhI sambaddha hai| yadyapi varSamAna kA jIvana-paricaya guNabhadrAcArya ke uttara purANa ke 74veM parva se liyA gayA hai, parantu use kAvyocita banAne ke liye unameM kucha kATa-chAMTa bhI kI gaI hai| kintu pUrva kathAnaka ko jyoM kA tyoM rahane diyA hai, kavi ne pururavA aura marIci ke pAkhyAna ko chor3a diyA hai / aura zvetAtapatta nagarI ke rAjA mandivardhana ke putra janmotsava se kathAnaka zuru kiyA hai| grantha meM ghaTanAoM kA pUrvA para krama nirdhAraNa, unakA paraspara sambandha, aura upAkhyAnoM kA yathA sthAna saMyojana maulika rUpa meM ghaTita huA hai| kavi ko usameM saphalatA bhI milI hai| kRti para pUrvavartI kaviyoM ke caritroM kA usa para prabhAva honA sahaja hai| isa mahAkAvya kI zailI kavi 1. saMvatsare dazanavottara varSayukte (610) bhAvAdikItimuninAyakapAdamUle / maudgalya parvata nivAsa vratasthasaMpatsaSTAvaka prajanite satinirmamatve / / 105 vidyA mayA prapaThite tyasagAna zrInAtharAmmamakhila-ganatopakAri / prApe ca caur3aviSaye varalAnagaryA granthASTakaM ca samakAri jinopadiSTa // 106 --jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha bhA0 1, pra017-8 2. "munivaraNa rajobhiH sarvadA bhUtadhAnyAMpragati samayalagnaH pAvanIbhUtamUrdhA / upazama ina mUrtaH zuddha samamyaktvayuktaH paTumatiriti nAmnA vizrutaH zrAvako'bhUt / / " "areti rityanupamA bhuvi tasya bhAryA samyaktva zuddhiridha mUrtimatI parA'bhUt / "244 putrastayorasaga ityavadAttakIyorAsInmanISinivahapramukhasya ziSyaH / caMdAMza zabhramazAso bhuvi nAga nadyAcAryasya zabda samayArNava pAragasya // 245 tasyAbhava bhavya janasya sevyaH sakhA jinApyo jinadharmasaktaH / khyAto'pi paurvAtparalokabhIru dvijAtinAtho'pi vipakSapAtaH / / 246 / /

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navamI dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 225 bhAravi ke kirAtArjunIya se prAyaH milatI-julatI hai / racanA sundara tathA paThanIya hai / grantha kA aAdhunika sampAdita saMskaraNa prakAzita honA jarUrI hai| dUsarI racanA zAntinAtha carita hai jisameM solahIkA kinArakA jIvana-paricaya prakita kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha solaha soM meM vibhakta hai| yaha grantha vardhamAna carita ke vAda banAyA gayA hai| isa grantha para eka saMskRta TippaNI bhI upalabdha hai| parantu mUla aura TippaNa donoM hI abhI taka aprakAzita haiN| zeSa granthoM kA anveSaNa honA caahie| vimalacandra munIndra vimalacandra munIndra-mahApaNDita, guruoM ke guru aura vAdiyoM kA mada bhajana karane vAle the| caNi meM unake dvArA rAjA zatru bhayaMkara ke sabhA dvAra para lagAye gaye vAdapatra celaja ke zloka nimna prakAra haiM: patraM zatru-bharyaroha-bhavana-dvAre sadAsaJcarannAnA-rAja-karIndra-vRnda-turaga-vAtAkule sthaapitm| zaMvApAzupatAstathAgatasutAtkApAlikAnkApilA nRddizyoddhata-cetasA vimalabandrAzAmbareNAdarAt // 26 inakA samaya saMbhavata: vikrama kI 10vI kA uttarArdha aura gyArahavIM kA pUrvArdha sunizcita hai| mahAmuni vaRgrIva yaha bar3e bhArI vidvAna the| yaha kisI bAda meM chahamAsa paryanta kevala 'pratha' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate rhe| isase unakI vidvattA eka sahaja hI anubhava ho jAtA hai| jaisA ki mahilaSeNa prazasti ke nimna paca se spaSTa hai : bakragrIva-mahAmune-IvA-zata-grIyo'pyahIndro yathAjAtaM stotumalaM vacobalamasau ki bhagna-vAgmi-jaM / yo'sau zAsana-devatA-bahamatohI-vaktra-bAvi-graha grovo'sminnaya-zAmba-vAcya mavadada mAsAnsamAsena SaT // 10 caMki malliSeNa prazasti-utkIrNa hone kA samaya zaka saM0 1050 san 1128 I0 hai| vakgrIva muni usase pUrva hae haiN| ata: inakA samaya saMbhavataH IsA ko dasavIM-gyArahavIM sadI ho sakatA hai / helAcArya helAcArya-yaha draviDa saMgha ke adhipati aura draviDagaNa ke muniyoM meM mukhya the| aura jina mArga kI kriyAoM kA vidhipUrvaka pAlana karate the| paMca mahAvata paMca samiti aura tIna guptiyoM se saMrakSita the-unakA vidhi pUrvaka AcaraNa karate the| yaha malayadeza meM sthita 'hema' grAma ke nivAsI the| eka bAra unakI ziSyA kamaladhI ko. jo samasta zAstrajJa aura dhruta devI ke samAna viduSI thii| use karmavaza brahma rAkSasa laga gyaa| usakI pIr3A ---- - - - - - - - - - 1. vimalacandra-munIndranaguroguru prazamitAkhila vAdimadaM padaM / yadi yathAvadavapyata paNDitannadAnvayavadiSyala vAvibhoH / / 25 2. draviDagaraNa samayamukhyo jinapati mArgopapitakriyApUrNa: / zratta samitiguptigupto helAcAryo munirjayati / / 16 -(jvAlAmAlinI kalpa prazasti) 3. dakSiNadeze malaye hema grAme muni mahAtmAsIt / helAcAryonAmnA daviDamaNAdhIdavaro dhImAn / / tacchuipyA kamalathIH zrutadevI vA samasta shaastrjnyaa| sA brahmarAkSasena gRhitA raudreNa kamavazAt / / . - (jvAlAmAlinI kalpa prazasti / / 5 / 6 /

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226 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 ko dekhakara helAcArya nIlagiri ke zikhara para ge| vahAM unhoMne 'jvAlAmAlinI' devI kI vidhi kI vidhi pUrvaka sAdhanA kii| sAta dina meM devI ne upasthita hokara pUchA ki kyA cAhate ho ? taba muni ne kahA, maiM kucha nahIM caahtaa| sirpha kamalazrI ko graha mukta kara diijiye| taba devI ne eka lohe ke patra para eka maMtra likhakara diyA aura usakI vidhi batalA dii| isase unakI ziSyA graha mukta ho gii| phira devI ke prAdeza se unhoMne 'jvAlinImata' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| aura anya 1 porakI kalakAtA ke vizAla jinAlaya meM jaina tIrthara devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / unameM eka mUrti jvAlAmAlinI devI kI hai| usake grATha hAtha haiM dAhinI Ara ke hAthoM meM maMDala abhaya, gadA aura trizUla haiN| tathA bAI ora ke hAthoM meM zaMkha, DhAla, kRpANa aura pustaka hai| mUrti kI prAkRti hinduoM kI mahAkAlI se milatI julatI hai| ponnUra se lagabhaga tIna mIla dUra 'nIlagiri' nAmaka pahAr3I hai, usa para hailAcArya kI mUrti aMkita hai / lAcArya se vaha jJAna unake ziSya praziSya gaMga muni, nIlagrIva, baujAva, zAntirasavvA AryikA zrora viruvaTTa kSullaka ko prApta huaa| vaha kramAgata guru paripATI se kandarpa ne jAnA aura usane guNanandi muni ke lie vyAkhyAna kiyaa| ina donoM ne usa zAstra kA grantha aura grarthataH indranandi ke prati khaa| taba indranandi ne usa kaThina grantha ko apane mana meM zravadhAraNa karake lalita zrAryA aura gItAdi chandoM meM grantha parivartana (bhASA parivartanAdi) ke sAtha racA / saMbhavataH helAcArya kA yaha grantha prAkRta bhASA meM racA gayA thA, isI se indranandI ne use bhASA parivartanAdi se saMskRta bhASA meM btaayaa| jisakI zloka saMkhyA kA pramANa sAr3he cAra sau zloka batalAyA gayA hai| kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNa tRtIya kI saMrakSatA meM zaka saM0 861 ( I0 san 639 ) meM kii| isase helAcAyaM kA samaya yadi unake ziSya praziSyAdi ke samaya krama meM se kama se kama eka zatAbdI zraura paccIsa varSa pUrva mAnA jAya, jo adhika nahIM hai to helAcArya ke grantha kA racanA kAla zaka saM0 736 ( I0 san 814) ho sakatA hai / kavi hariSeNa mevAr3a deza meM vividha kalAoM meM pAraMgata hari nAma ke eka mahAnubhAva the, jo ujapura ke dhakkaDavaMzaja the / inake eka dharmAtmA putra thA, jisakA nAma govaDDhaNa (govardhana ) thA usakI patnI kA nAma guNavatI thA, jo jainadharma meM pragAr3ha zraddhA rakhatI thii| ina donoM ke hariSeNa nAma kA eka putra huA, jo vidvAna kavi ke rUpa meM prasiddhi ko prApta huaa| usane kisI kAryavaza citrakUTa (citaur3a) chor3a diyA, aura vaha pracalapura calA gyaa| usane vahAM chanda aura alaMkAra zAstra kA adhyayana kiyaa| isake guru budha siddhasena the| jaisA ki 11vIM saMdhi ke 25 meM kar3avaka ke ghatte meM ''siddhaseNa paya baMdahi' vAkya se sUcita hotA hai| hariSeNa ne inakI sahAyatA se dharmaparIkSA nAmakI racanA kii| jo jayarAma kI prAkRta gAthAbaddha pUrvavanI dharmaparIkSA kA pahADiyA chanda meM anuvAda mAtra hai / kavi ne ise vi0 saM0 1044 (san 187 ) meM banAkara samApta kI thI / prastuta grantha meM 11 sandhiyAM aura 236 kavaka haiN| sandhi kI pratyeka puSpikA meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSarUpa cAra puruSArthoM kA nirUpaNa karane ke liye hariSeNa ne isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| jaisA ki nimna saMdhivAkya se prakaTa hai iya dhammapariSakhAe cavaggahiTTiyAe bRha hariNakayAe eyArasamo saMdhi sammato / kartA ne grantha racanA kA kAraNa nirdiSTa karate hue batalAyA hai ki eka bAra mere dhyAna meM AyA ki yadi koI zrAkarSaka padya racanA nahIM kI jAtI hai to isa mAnavIya buddhi kA honA bekAra hai| aura yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki 1. See Jainism in South India p. 47 2. vikramaNiya parivasiya kAlae, galevarisa shscutaale| iya uppaNNu bhaviyajara suhRyaha DaMbharaddiya dhammAsaya sAvaru // -- jaina grantha prazasti saM0 202, 23 Ti0

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navama zavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 223 isa dizA meM eka madhyama vRddhi kA AdamI usI taraha upahAsAspada hogA, jisa taraha saMgrAma bhUmirA bhAge hae kAyara puruSa kA hotA hai| kavi ne apanI chanda aura alaMkAra-sambandho kamajorA ko jAnate hue bhI jainadharma ke anu rAma prAra aura siddhasena ke prasAda se racanA kara hI ddaalii| kavi ne apane se pUrvavartI tIna kaviyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki catumu kha kA mukha sarasvatI kA prAvAsa mandira thA / aura svayaMbhU-loka-praloka ke jAnane vAle mahAn devatA shre| tathA puSpadanta alokika purupa the| jinakA sAtha sarasvatI kabhI nahIM chor3atI thii| kavi apanI latA vyakta karate hue kahatA hai diinakI tulanA meM atyanta manda buddhi huuN| puSpadanta ne bhI caturmukha aura svayaMbhU kA uledekha kiyA hai| puSpadanta ne apanA mahApurANa 665 I0 meM pUrNa kiyA hai| jayakIti kavi kannaDa prAnta ke nivAsI the| inakI ekamAtra kRti chandonuzAsana hai, jinameM vaidika chandoM ko chor3akara ATha pradhyAyoM meM vividha chandoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| grantha ke antima deN| adhyAyoM meM kannar3a chandoM kA vivaMcana diyA hayA hai| grantha kI racanA padyAtmaka hai jisameM anuSTubha, AryA aura skandha chandoM kA lakSaNa pUrI taraha yA nAzika rUpa meM usI chanda meM diyA hai| yaha grantha chandoM ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se kedArabhaTTa ke vRttaratnAkara aura hemacandra ke chando'nuzAsana ke madhya kI racanA kahA jA sakatA hai / grantha' ke anta meM mANDavya, piGgala, janAzraya, setava, pUjyapAda aura jayadeva ko pUrvAcAryoM ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| kintu chandonuzAsana ke ardhasama vRttAdhikAra meM pAlyakoti aura svayaMbhU deva ke mata se sunandinI aura nandinI chanda ke lakSaNa bhI prastuta kiye hai| "jatau jarau zaMkhanidhistu to jarauM, zrI pAtyakItIza mate sunandinI // 21 to gau tathA padma pavamanidhito jarau, svayambhuvevezamate tu nandinI / / "22 isase inakA samaya IsAkI 10vIM zatAbdI se pUrva honA caahie| kyoMki vi0 kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya asagane inakA ullekha kiyA hai / kavi asagane apanA 'vardhamAna carita' saM0610 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| chandonuzAsana kI yaha prati saM01162ko likhI huI hai| aura jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra meM maujada hai| jayakIrti kA yaha chandonuzAsana DA0 eca0 DI0 velaMkara dvArA sampAdita hokara jayadAmana grantha ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| dekho-mi. govinda pai kA Jaikirti in the Kannada quarterly Prabhudha Karnatak Vol' 28 No.3 Jan. 1942 Mysore College Mysore. Bombay University Journal 1847. barapanandI bAsavanandI ke ziSya the| aura indranandI prathama ke praziSya the| saMbhava hai jvAlAmAlinI kalpa ke kartA indranandI inhoM bappanando se dokSita ho| kyoMki indragando ne apanA ukta anya zaka gu0861 san 236 (ni0 ma0 666) meM samApta kiyA hai| indranandI meM prazasti meM bappanandI ko pUrANa vipaNa meM edhika khyAti prApta karanevAlA likhA hai / aura unheM purANArtha vedo batalAyA hai| (dakho, jyAlAmAlinI kalpa prazasti padya 4) bandhuSeNa prAcArya bandhuSeNa-(yApanIya saMgha ke prAcArya) the, jo nimittajJAna meM pAraMgata the| aura dAmIti ke jyeSTha putra jayakIti ke guru the| (jana lekha saM0 bhA.2pR075 elAcArya sUrasta gaNake vidvAna, ravicandra ke praziSya aura ravinandI bhAcArya ke ziSya the| jo tapa ke anuSThAna meM tatpara rahate the, aura bar3e vidvAna the| tathA kogala deva ke nivAna shr| unheM gaMgavazIya rAjA mArasiMha (dvitIya) ne

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228 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 apanI mAtA kalnabbe dvArA nirmita jinamandira ke lie 'kAdalUra' nAma kA eka gAMva zaka saMvat 884 san 862 meM paussvdii| maMgalavAra ke dina dAna diyA thA, jaba ve melpATi ke skandhAvAra meM the| (dekho, kAdalUra kA tAmrazAsana, jaina le0 saM0 bhA051. 20) guNacandra paMDita guNacandra paMDita kundakundAnvaya dezIyagaNa ke mahendra paNDita ke praziSya aura voranandi paMDita ke ziSya the| inheM rASTrakaTa samrAT akAla varSa kRSNarAjadeva (tRtIya) ke sAmanta gaMga vaMzIya kutavya pemADi rAno padmavyarasi dvArA nirmita dAnazAlA ke lie namayara mArasidhayya ne eka tAlAba arpita kiyA thaa| yaha lekha zaka saM0 873 san 150 pauSa zuklA 10mI ravivAra ko diyA gayA thaa| (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 4 pR053) anantakIti anantakoti apane samaya ke yazasvI tAkika ho gaye haiN| laghu sarvazasiddhi ke anta meM unhoMne likhA hai samastabhuvana vyApi yAsAnantakotinA / kRteya mujjvalA siddhidhamaMjasya nirglaa|| inake banAye hue laghu sarvajJasiddhi aura vRhatsarvazasiddhi nAma ke do grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| unameM koI prazasti Adi nahIM haiM jisase unakI guru paramparA aura samayAdi kA patA laga ske| . nyAya vinizcaya ke TIkAkAra vAdirAjasUri ne apane pArzvanAtha carita meM anantakIrti kA smaraNa nimna padya meM kiyA hai : mAtmanevAdvitIyena jIvasiddhi nibdhntaa| anansakIrtinA mukti rAtrimArgava lakSyate / / isase spaSTa hai ki anantakoti ne 'jIvasiddhi' nAma ke graMtha kA praNayana kiyA thaa| anantavIrya ne siddhivinizcaya TIkA ke pu0 234 ke pramANa vicAra prakaraNa meM prAcArya anantakIti ke 'svataH pramANabhaGga' prakaraNa kA ullekha nimna prakAra kiyA hai: zeSa muktavat anaMtakItikRteH svataH prAmANayabhakSAdavaseya metat / " anantavIrya ne siddhivinizcaya TIkA pR0708 ke sarvajJasiddhi prakaraNa meM--'anupadezAliGgA byabhicArinaSTamaSTayAdyapadezAnyathAnupapatteH hetu kA prayoga kiyA hai jo anantakIti ko laghu aura bRhatsarvajJasiddhi (pa010) kA mala heta haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki anantakIrti anantavIrya se pUrvavartI haiN| siddhi vinizcaya ke TIkAkAra anantavIrya kA samaya DA0 mahendrakumAra jI ne san 659 I. ke bAda aura I0 1025 se pahale kisI samaya hae batAyA hai| ye vahI jJAta hote hai jo vAdirAja ke dAdAguru zrIpAla ke sadharmA rUpa se ullikhita haiN| prAcArya zAnti sUri ne jaina tarkabArtivRtti' 'pR.77 meM svapnavijJAnaM yat spaSTa mutpadyate ityanantakAdaya" likhakara svapna jJAna ko mAnasa pratyakSa mAnane vAle anantakIti prAcArya kA mata diyA hai| yaha mata vahatsarvajJasiddhi ke kartA anantakIrti kA hI hai| unhoMne likhA hai "tathA svapnajAne cAnakSaje'pivaizadyamupalabhyate" vahatsarvazasiddhi pR0 151 / zAntisUri kA samaya I0 663 se 1147 ke madhya mAnA gayA hai| isase bhI anantakIrti kA samaya I0663 se pUrvavartI hai| prameya kamalamArtaNDa aura nyAyakumuda ke kartA AcArya prabhAcandra kA samaya san 180 se 1065 ii0hai| unhoMne nyAyamUkudacandra aura prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke sarvajJasiddhi prakaraNoM meM anantakIti kI vRhatsarvajJasiddhi kA pUrA-pUrA zabdAnusaraNa kiyA hai| isase bhI antakoti prabhAcandra se pUrvavartI haiN| 1. jana takavAtika prastAvanA pR0 141

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navamI-daza zatAbdI ke AcArya 226 siddhivinizcaya ke TIkAkAra anantavIrya ne (10 234) meM prAmANyavicAra prakaraNa meM AcArya anantakoti ke 'svataH pramANa bhaGga' grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa samaya granupalabdha hai / ataH ina anantakIrti kA samaya san 850 se 680 se pUrvavartI hai / arthAt ve IsA kI 10vIM zatAbdI ke vadvAna haiM nIti ( nAma ke anya vidvAna ) jaina zilAlekha saMgraha prathama bhAga meM candragiri parvata ke mahAnavamA maMDapa ke eka zilAlekha meM mUlasaMgha dezIgaNa pustaka gacchIya meghacandra traividya ke praziSya aura vIranandI bidya ke ziSya anantakIti kA syAdvAda rahasyavAda / isameM inako paramparA fagu ke rUpa meM ullekha milatA hai| yaha zilAlekha zaka saM0 1235 san 1313 I0 kA ke rAmacandra ke ziSya zubhacandra ke ukta tithi meM kie gae devaloka kA varNana hai / ataeva ina anantakIrti kA samaya IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI jAna par3atA hai, kyoMki inake dAdAguru (meghacandra) kA svargavAsa I0 san 1115 meM ho gayA thA / meghacandra ke ziSya prabhAcandra ke divaMgata hone kI tithi zaka saM0 1068 (san 1146 ) Azvina zuklA dazamI dI gaI hai| usameM meghacandra ke do ziSyoM kA prabhAcandra aura vIra nandI kA ullekha hai / astu, prastuta zranantakIti IsA ko 12vIM sadI ke vidvAna haiM / anantakIbhiTTAraka bAndhava nagara kI zAntinAtha vasada I0 san 1207 meM banAI gaI thI, jaba kapadamya vaMza ke kiMga brahma kA rAjya thA / yaha vasadi usa samaya krANUra gaNa tantriNamaccha ke pranantakoti bhaTTAraka ke adhikAra meM thI / zrataeva inakA samaya IsA kI 13vIM sadI haiN| jaina zilAlekha saM0 bhAga 3 pR0 232 meM homsala vIra ballAla deva ke va 23 varSa (san 1212 ) jagabhara ke kA varNana hai| usameM jakkale ke upadeSTA ke guru rUpa meM anantakIrti kA ullekha hai| prastuta anantakoti bAndhava nagara kI zAntinAtha vasadi ke adhikArI zrananta afa aafa haiM, kyoMki donoM kA samaya lagabhaga eka / anantakIti anantakIti kASThAsaMgha mAthurAnvaya ke pUrNacandra the aura muni azvasena ke paTTadhara the| inake ziSya evaM paTTadhara bhaTTAraka kSemakIrti the / inakA samaya vikrama ko 14vIM zatAbdI hai / mauni bhaTTAraka yaha punnATa saMgha ke pUrNa candra the, aura sampUrNa rAddhAnta rUpa vacana kiraNoM se bhavya rUpa kumudoM ko vikasita karane vAle the, jaisA ki hariSeNa kathA koza ke prazasti padya se prakaTa hai / yo bodhako bhayamutInAM niHzeSarAddhAntavacomayUkhaM / pugnATasaghAMvarasannivAsI zrImaunibhaTTAraka pUrNacandraH // hariSeNa ne kathA koza kA racanA kAla zaka saM0 853 batalAyA, kathA koza ke kartA maunibhaTTAraka se caturtha pIr3hI meM hue haiM / ataH hariSeNa ke zaka saM0 853 meM se 60 varSa kama karane para zaka saM0 733 hue| usameM 78 jor3ane para samaya san 871 hue arthAt vikrama ko vIM zatAbdI inakA samaya hotA hai / inake ziSya hariSeNa the / zrIhariSeNa hariSeNa punnATa saMgha ke vidvAna maunibhaTTAraka ke ziSya the jo apane samaya ke bar3e bhArI vidvAna tapasvI the / guNanidhi aura janatA dvArA abhivandya the / ukta kathA koza ke racanA kAla meM se 40 varSa kama karane 1. miDiyAvala jainijma pu5 206 2. sArAgamAhita] matividuSAM prapUjyo nAnAtapo vidhividhAna karo vineyaH / tasyAbhavad guNanidhirjanitAbhivaMdyaH zrI zabda pUrva pada ko hariSeNa saMjJaH // 5

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230 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 para zaka saM013 sana 891 hotA hai, yaha navamI zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| bharatasena bharatasena punnATa saMgha ke vidvAna maunibhaTrAraka ke ziSya aura hariSeNa ke ziSya the| bharatasena ke ziSya kA nAma bhI hariSeNa thaa| usane kathA koza ko prazasti meM apane guru bharatasena ko chanda, alaMkAra, kAvya-nATaka zAstroM kA jJAtA, kAvya kA kartA, vyAkaraNa, tarka nipuNa, tatsvArtha vedI, nAnA zAstroM meM vicakSaNa, budhagaNoM dvArA sevya aura vizuddha, vicAra vAlA batalAyA hai| jaisA ki usake nimna patra se prakaTa hai: chando laMkRti kAvyanATakavaNa: kAvyasya kA sato, vetA byAkaraNasya takanipuNastattvArthavedI pr| nAnA zAstra vicakSaNo budhagaNaH sevyo vishuddhaashyH| senAntobharatAviratraparamaH ziSyaH babhUvakSitau // 6 // -hariSeNa kathA koza prazasti isase mAlUma hotA hai ki inhoMne kisI kAvya grantha kI racanA kI thI, kintu vayoga se vaha aprApya hai| usake nAmAdi kI sUcanA bhI nahIM miltii| hariSeNa ne apanA kathA koza zaka saM0 853 san 631 meM samApta kiyA hai| usameM se kama se kama bIsa varSa kama karane para san 611 bharatasena kA samaya ho sakatA hai arthAt ve dazavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha ke vidvAna the| hariSeNa (kathAkoza ke kartA) hariSeNa nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gaye haiN| unase prastuta hariSeNa bhinna haiN| ye hariSeNa punnATa saMgha ke vidvAna the| inhoMne harivaMza purANa kI racanA se 148 varSa bAda usI bar3havANa yA barddhamAnapura meM kathAkoSa kI racanA kI thii| grantha prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru paramparA isa isa prakAra dI hai-maunibhaTTAraka, hariSeNa, bharatasena aura hariSeNa / hariSeNa ne apane guru bharatasena ko chanda alaMkAra, kAvya-nATaka-zAstroM kA jJAtA, kAvya kA kartA, vyAkaraNajJa, tarka nipuNa, tattvArthavedI, aura nAnA zAstra vicakSaNa batalAyA hai| isase hariSeNa ke guru bar3e bhArI vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| isa kathAkoza meM choTI bar3I 157 kathAeM saMskRta padyoM meM likhI gaI hai| unameM kucha kathAe~, cANakya, zakaTAla, bhadrabAhu, vararuci, svAmI kAtikeya, zreNika vimbasAra, Adi kI kathAe~ aitihAsika puruSoM se sambandha rakhatI haiN| parantu akalaMka samantabhadra aura pAtra kezarI prAdi kI kathAyeM isameM nahIM hai| jo prabhAcandra ke gadya kathAkoza meM pAI jAtI haiN| usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki hariSeNa ke sAmane kathAoM ko racate samaya zivArya kI ArAdhanA sAmane rahI hai, usameM jinakA udAharaNa saMketa rUpa meM gAthAnoM meM upalabdha hai, unakA nAmollekha prAdi gAthAoM meM kiyA gayA hai, unakI kathA hariSeNa ne likhI haiN| kucha kathAya aisI bhI haiM jinakA ullekha usameM nahIM hai kintu anyatra milatA hai, ve bhI isameM sammilita dikhatI haiN| hariSeNa ne prazasti ke AThaveM zloka meM 'pArAdhanoddhataH vAkya dvArA usakI svayaM sUcanA kara dI hai / tulanA karane se bhI ukta kathana ko puSTi hotI hai| isa grantha kI racanA varSamAnapura meM huI hai, kavi ne usakA varNana karate hue use bar3A samRddhanagara batalAyA hai, jinake pAsa bahuta sonA thA, vaha aise logoM se AvAda thaa| vahAM jaina mandiroM kA samUha thA, aura sundara mahala vane hae the, jaisA ki usake nimna padya se spaSTa hai| jainAlayAvAsavirAjatAnte candrAvadAtayati saudhjaale| kArtasvarA pUrNa anAdhivAse zrI vardhamAnAsyapUre vasansaH / / 4 vardhamAnapura kI nanna rAja vasati meM yA usake kisI vaMzadhara ke banavAe hue jaina mandira meM harivaMzapurANa racA gayA thaa| yaha koI rASTrakUTa vaMza ke rAjapuruSa jAna par3ate haiN|

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 231 prastuta kathAkoza kI racanA ukta vardhamAnapura meM usa samaya kI gaI, jabaki vahAM para vinAyakapAla nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakA rAjya indra ke jaisA vizAla thaa|' yaha vinAyakapAla pratihAravaMza kA rAjA jAna par3atA hai jisake sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI kannauja thii| usa samaya pratihAroM ke adhikAra meM kevala rAjapUtAne kA hI adhikAMza bhAga nahIM thA, kintu gajarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, madhya bhArata aura uttara meM satalaja se lekara vihAra taka kA pradeza thaa| yaha mahArAjAdhirAja mahendrapAla kA putra thA aura apane bhAiyoM mahIpAla aura bhoja (dvitIya) ke bAda gaddI para baiThA thaa| kathAkoza kI racanA se lagabhaga eka varSa pUrva kA vi0 saM0 155 kA isakA dAna patra bhI milA hai| kAThiyAvAr3a ke haDDAlA gAMva meM vinAyakapAla ke bar3e bhAI mahIpAla ke samaya kA bhI zaka saM0836 (vi. saM0 671) kA eka dAnapatra milA hai| jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki usa samaya baDhavANa meM usake sAmanta cApavaMzI dharaNIbarAha kA adhikAra thaa| usake 17 varSa bAda hI baDhavANa meM kathAkoza racA gayA hai| racanAkAla navASTa navakeSveSu sthAneSu triSu jAyasaH / vikramAditya kAlasya parimANamidaM sphuTam // 11 zataSTa su vispaSTaM paMcAzatabhyadhikeSu ca / zaka kAlasya satyasya parimANamidaM bhavet // 12 prastuta kathAkoza kI racanA zaka saM0 853 (vi0 saM0 198) meM kI gaI hai| ataH prastuta kavi hariSeNa IsA kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| devasena (bhaTTAraka) bhaTTAraka devasena vANarAya (bANavaMzI kisI nareza) ke guru bhavandi bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the| aura jinakI samAdhi unake maraNa ke uparAnta ballImala (jilA arkATa) meM sthApita kI gaI thI ! pratimA para kAla nirdeza rahita ukta prAzaya kA kannar3a zilAlekha aMkita hai| mUrti lekha kA kAla -6 vIM zatI ke bAda kA nahIM jAna par3atA / -jaina zi0 saM0 bhAga 2 pR. 136 devasena nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiM, jinakI guru paramparA aura samaya bhinna hai| yahAM do-tIna devasenoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai| jo anveSakoM ke liye upayogI hai| devasena devasena ve, jo paMcastUpAncayI vIrasena svAmI ke ziSya the, aura jinasena, padmasena, zrIpAla prAdi ke sadharmA the / jinasenAcArya ne jayaghavalA TIkA (prazasti zloka 36) meM padmasena ke sAtha devasena kA ullekha kiyA hai| jina senAcArya ne apanI jayadhavalA TIkA zaka saM0756 (san 837 I0) meM samApta kI hai| pata: lagabhaga yahI samaya ina devasena kA honA cAhiye / prastuta devasena havIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| devasena (varzanasArAdi ke kartA) prastuta devasena apane samaya ke acche vidvAna the| unhoMne dhArA nagarI ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM rahate hue saMvata -kathA0 praza 1. saMvatsare caturvize vartamAne svarAbhidhe / vinayAdika.pAlasya rAjye dazakopamAna ke // 13, 2. iNDiyana eNTikverI ji0 15. pR0 140-41 3. rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa ji0 1 pR. 163

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 2 660 mAgha zuklA dazamI ke dina 'darzanamAra kI racanA kI hai| darzanasAra meM aneka matoM tathA saMgho kI utpatti prAdi ko prakaTa karane vAlA apane viSaya kA eka hI grantha hai| devasena ne pUrvAcAryakRta gAthAoM kA saMkalana kara use darzanasAra kA rUpa diyA hai| jo aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAtroM ko sUcanAdi ko lie hue hai| isameM ekAntAdi pradhAna pAMca mithyAmatoM aura dravir3a, yApanIya, kASThA, mAthura aura bhilla saMghoM kI utpatti kA kucha itihAsa unake siddhAntoM ke ullekha pUrvaka diyA hai| pIra dravir3Adi saMghoM ko janAbhAsa batalAyA gayA hai| devasena ne apane guru kA aura gaNagacchAdi kI koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| jisase unake sambandha meM vizeSa prakAza DAlA jaataa| darzanasAra meM dI gaI tithiyoM kA samaya yinama kI mRtyu ke anusAra hai| kintu vi0 saM0 ke sAtha nanakA koI sAmaMjasya ThIka nahIM baiThatA / ataH una tithiyoM kA saMzodhana karanA Avazyaka hai| yadi una tithiyoM ko zaka saMvat kI mAna liyA jAya to samayasambandhI ve sabhI bAdhAyeM ve dUra ho jAtI haiN| jo unheM vikrama saMvata mAnane ke kAraNa utpanna hotI haiM aura aitihAsika zrakhalAoM meM krama sambaddhatA banI rahatI hai| 50 nAthurAma jI premo ne darzanasAra ko samAlocanA kI hai| darzanasAra ke atirikta devasena kI nimna racanAeM aura mAnI jAtI haiM / tattvasAra, pArAdhanAsAra aura nayacakra / / tattvasAra-75 gAthAtmaka eka laSa adhyAtma grantha hai jisameM svagata aura paragata ke bheda ro tattva kA do prakAra se nirUpaNa kiyA hai / aura basalAyA hai ki jisake na krodha hai na mAna hai, na mAyA hai aura na lobha hai, na zalya hai, na lezyA hai, jo janma-jarA aura bharaNa se rahita hai vahI niraMjana prAtmA hai| __assa Na koho mANo mAyA loho Na salla lessaayo| jAi jarA maraNaM ci ya NiraMjaNo so prahaM bhnniyo|' jo karmaphala ko bhogatA huA bhI usameM rAga-dveSa nahIM karatA hai vaha saMcita karma kA vinAza karatA hai aura vaha natana karma se bhI nahIM baMdhatA / anta meM kavi grantha kA upasaMhAra karatA humA kahatA hai ki jo sadaSTi devasena muni racita tattvasAra ko sunatA tathA usakI bhAvanA karatA hai, vaha zAzvata sukha ko prApta karatA hai| mArAdhanAsAra--yaha eka sau pandraha gAthAtmaka grantha hai, jisameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra aura saparUpa cAra ArAdhanAmoM ke kathana kA sAra nizcaya aura vyavahAra donoM rUpa se diyA hai| viSaya vivecana kI zailI baDI sundara hai| marate samaya pArAdhaka kauna hotA hai ? isakA acchA kathana kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki jisa adhya ne krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko naSTa kara diyA hai, samyagdRSTi hai aura samyajJAna se sampanna hai antaraMga, bahiraMga parigraha kA tyAgI hai baha maraNa samaya ArAdhaka hotA hai / yathA Niya kasAo bhanyo daMsaNavanto hnnaannsNpnnnno| viha parigahaNato maraNe zrArAhapo havA / / 17 jo sAMsArika sukha se virakta hai / zarIrAdi para iSTa vastunoM se prItirUpa rAga jisakA naSTa ho gayA hai-- nAya hai, athavA saMsAra zarIra bhogoM se niveda ko prApta hai, paramopazama ko prApta hai jisane anantAnubaMdhicatuSTaya, mithyAtva rUpa mohanIya karma kI ina sAta prakRtiyoM kA upazama hai, aura antara bAhyarUpa vividha prakAra ke tapoM se jisakA zarIra tapta hai, vaha maraNa samaya meM ArAdhaka hotA hai, jo prAtma svabhAva meM nirata hai, para dravya janita paricata rUpa sukharasa se rahita hai, rAga-dveSa kA mathana karane vAlA hai, vaha maraNa samaya meM prArAdhaka hotA hai, jaisA ki nimna gAthAnoM se spaSTa hai : 1. raiyo daMsaNasAro hAro bhanvANa Navasae navaI / siri pAsaNAha mehe savi suddha mAha suddhadasamoe / / 50 siri devasee gaNiyA dhArAe sNvsNternn| -darzanasAra

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navamI dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya saMsAra suvirato vegaM parama uvasamaM patto / vidhi tava taviya deho maraNaM zrArAzro eso // 18 appa sahAveri ja Nimmahiya rAyoso havaI ArAmro. maraNe // 16 sallekhanA karane vAlA bhavya yadi kevala bAhya zarIra ko hI kRza karatA hai kintu aAntarika kapAyoM kA vinAza nahIM karatA to usakI vaha zarIra sallekhanA nirarthaka hai| isa kAraNa zarIra sallekhanA ke sAtha aAntarika kaSAyoM kA damana karanA - unheM rasa vihIna banAnA nitAnta Avazyaka hai- zrathavA unakI zakti kSINa kara azakta banAnA jarUrI hai, jisase ve apanA kArya karane meM samartha na ho skeN| kyoMki kaSAyeM balavAna haiM, ve avasara pAte ho kSapaka ke citta ko saMkSubhita kara sakatI haiM, ataeva unakA jaya karanA zreyaskara hai, unake saMllekhita hone para muni kA citta kSubhita nahIM ho sakatA / ataeva sAdhu uttama dharma ko prApta hotA hai / grantha meM pariSaha aura upasarga sahiSNu muniyoM kA nAmollekha bhI kiyA hai| samAdhimaraNa karane vAlA kSapaka yaha bhAvanA karatA hai ki mere koI vyAdhi nahIM hai, rAga-dveSa rahita mere AtmA kA kabhI maraNa nahIM hotA, kyoMki vyAdhi aura maraNa to zarIra meM hotA hai AtmA kA koI maraNa nahIM hotA, zarIra jar3a hai, bhrAtmA caitanya kA piNDa hai / ataH yatmA meM koI duHkha nahIM hotA / sallehaNA zarIre bAhirajoehi jA kathA muNiNA / sayalA visA jiratthA jAma kasAe Na sallidi 1135 isa taraha jo puruSa cAroM bArAdhanAoM kA prArAdhanA karatA hai, aura tapazcaraNa dvArA Atmazuddhi karatA hai, sarva parigraha kA parityAga kara jinaliMga dhAraka hotA hai, tathA AtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai vaha nizcaya se siddhi ko (svamadhi ko) prApta karatA hai, isa taraha yaha grantha bar3A sundara thora manana karane yogya hai / anta meM kavi apane grahaMkAra kA parihAra karatA huA kahatA hai ki mere meM kavitva nahIM hai, chandoM kA bhI parijJAna nahIM hai phira bhI maiM devasena apanI bhAvanA ke nimitta isa grantha kI (ArAdhanAsAra kI racanA kara rahA hUM / yadi isameM grajJatAvaza pravacana viruddha kahA gayA ho, to munIndrajana usakA saMzodhana kara leM / 233 isa grantha para eka saMskRta TIkA hai, jisake karttA kASThAsaMghI muni kSemakIti ke ziSya ratnakoti haiM / yaha ratnakIrti paMDitAcArya ke nAma se vizruta the| TokA sarala, subodha aura prasAda guNa se yukta hai| aura grantha karttA ke rahasya ko udghATita karatI huI vastu tattva kI vivecaka hai| mUla grantha aura TIkA donoM hI mANikacandra granthamAlA se prakAzita haiM / nayacakra - 87 gAthAtmaka hai, jise laghu nayacakra bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha nAma karaNa dekhakara bAda meM kiyA gayA jAna par3atA hai| samApti vAkya meM ise nayacakra prakaTa kiyA hai| nAma se isakA ullekha milatA hai / devasena ne nayacakra meM nayoM kA mUla rUpa se sundara varNana kiyA hai| nayoM ke mUla do bheda dravyAthika paryAyAthika kiye gae hai aura zeSa saba saMkhyAta asaMkhyAta bhedoM ko inhIM ke bheda-prabheda batalAyA gayA hai / nayoM ke kathana ma micchaya sAharAhejaM pajjayadavdatthiyaM murAha / do caiva mUlAyA bhaNiyAdavvattha pajjagattha gayA aNe asaMkha saMkhA le tanbheyA muvavthA // kisI bar3e nayacakra ko anyatra bhI nayaca ke 1. zvetAmrAcArya yazovijaya ne 'dravyaguNa paryAyAsoM meM aura bhoja sAgara ne 'dhyAnuyoga tarkasA' meM bhI devarUna ke rAmollekha pUrvaka laghu nayacakra kA ullekha kiyA hai / 2.cchiya kavahArayA mUlimabheyAgayAraNa savvA / - naya cakrasaMgraha

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234 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 kA prArambha karate hue likhA hai ki jo nayadRSTi se vihIna haiM unheM vastu svarUpa kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI / aura ji haiN| vastu svarUpa kI upalabdhi nahIM hai- jo vastu svarUpa ko nahIM pahacAnate ve samyagdRSTi kaise ho sakate / yathA jo yadiTTi vihINA tApa Na vatyurArabauvaladdhi / patthusahAvavihnaNA sammAciTThI kahaM huMti // granthakAra ne yaha bar3e marma kI bAta kahI hai| isapara se grantha ke mahatva kA spaSTa zrAbhAsa mila jAtA hai| grantha ke anta meM karttA ne nayacakra ke vijJAna ko sakala zAstroM kI zuddhi karane vAlA aura durNaya rUpa andhakAra ke liye mArtaNDa batalAte hue likhA hai ki yadi ajJAna mahodadhi ko lIlAmAtra meM tiranA cAhate ho to nayacakra ko jAnane ke lie apanI buddhi lagAo-nayoM kA jJAna prApta kie binA zrajJAna mahAsAgara se pAra na ho sakoge / yahAM yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai ki prastuta nayacakra vaha nayacakra nahIM jisakA ullekha akalaMka deva ne nyAyavinizcaya meM aura vidyAnanda ne apane tattvArtha zloka vArtika ke naya vivaraNa prakaraNa meM nimna padya dvArA kiyA hai: nyAya vinizcaya ke anta meM likhA hai- iSTaM tatvamapekSA to nayAnAM nayacaRtaH // 3-61 saMkSapeNa nayAstAyad vyAkhyAtAH sUtra sUcitAH / tadvizeSAH prapaJcena saMvintyA nayanataH || isa padya meM jisa nayacakra ke vizeSa kathana ko dekhane kI preraNA kI gaI hai vaha yaha nayacakra nahIM hai| eka bar3A nayacakra zvetAmbarAcArya mallavAdi kA prasiddha hai jise dvAdazAra nayacakra kahA jAtA hai| aura jisakA samaya vi0 saM0 414 mAnA jAtA hai| para mallavAdi ne siddhasena ke sammati para TIkA likhI hai jisakA nirdeza haribhadra ne kiyA hai| aura siddhasena kA samaya pA~cavI zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / ye gupta kAla ke vidvAna haiM / grataH mallavAdI kA samaya bhI siddhasena ke bAda honA caahie| kyoMki jinabhadra gaNI kSamA zramaNa ne apane vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM siddhasena aura mallavAdi ke upayoga ke prabheda kI carcA vistAra se kI hai| ukta vizeSAvazyaka ballabhI meM vi0 saM0 666 meM samApta huA thaa| isase mallavAdI kA samaya chaThI zatAbdI jAna par3atA hai / prastuta nayaca darzana sAra ke karttA kI kRti mAlUma nahIM hotA, vaha kisI grantha devasena dvArA racA gayA hogA, usake nimna kAraNa haiM:-- devasena ne apane granthoM (darzanasAra, ArAdhanAsAra aura tatvasAra) meM kiyA hai, kintu prastuta nayacaka meM kartA kA nAma nahIM diyA hai| 2. nayacakra kI gAthA naM0 47 ke prAge 'taducyate vAkya ke sAtha do padya dhanya granthoM se uddhRta kiye haiM / unameM eka gAyA 'praNuguru deha pamANI' nemicandra ke dravya saMgraha kI hai / dravya saMgraha kA nirmANa darzanasAra ke bAda huA hai, vaha 11vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai| aisI sthiti meM vaha darzanasAra ke karttA devasena kI kRti kaise ho sakatI hai ? 3. darzanasAra ke kartA ke granthoM ke nAma sArAnta pAye jAte haiM jaise darzanasAra thArAdhanAsAra auaura tattvasAra gombhaTasAra ke karttA nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne bhI apane granthoM ke nAma sArAnta rakkhe haiM / jaise labdhisAra, kSapaNAsAra, trilokasAra zrAdi / apanA nAma karttArUpa se ullekhita nayacakra nAma ke aneka grantha haiN| dravya svabhAva prakAzaka nayacakra, thutabhavana dIpaka nayaca pora AlApa paddhati / inameM dravya svabhAva prakAzakA nayacakra ke kartA devasena ke ziSya mAilla dhavala haiN| inakA paricaya alaga se diyA gayA hai| devasena zrutabhavana dIpaka yantraka ke kartA devasena hai| isa naya cakra meM do nayoM kA saMgraha hai| prathama nayacakra ke maMgala padya meM ghAtiyA karmoM ke jItane vAle zrI varddhamAna ko namaskAra karake zrAgama jJAna kI siddhi ke liye naya ke vistAra ko kahatA hU~ / yathA

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbda AcArya zrI vakSye zraddhamAnamAnamya jitaghAticatuSTayaM / nayavistAramAgamajJAna siddhaye // naya kA lakSaNa dete hue likhA hai- 'nAnAsvabhAvebhyo vyAvRtya ekasmin svabhAve vastu nayatItinayaH / ' jo vastu ko nAnA svabhAvoM se haTA kara eka svabhAva meM (viSaya meM) nizcaya karAtA hai vaha naya hai| eka gAthA uktaM carUpa se do hai, jo dhavalA TIkA meM mI uddhata hai. jayavittino bhaNivo bahUhiM guNaehi jaM davaM / pariNAmapresa kAlamsaresu praviNa sambhAvaM || 225 isake bAda sapta nayoM kA gadya-padya meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| --- dvitIya nayacakra ke maMgala padya meM moha rUpI andhakAra ko naSTa karane vAle ananvajJAnAdi rUpa zrI se yukta varddhamAna rUpI sUrya ko namaskAra karake gAthA ke artha se aviruddha anukUla rUpa se mere dvArA nayacakra kahA jAtA hai : zrIbarddhamAnArthamAgamya mohadhvAntaprabhedinaM / gAthArthasyAvirodhena nayacaR mayocyate // dUsare padya meM jinapatimata (jainamata) eka pRthvI hai, usameM samayasAra nAmaka ratnoM kA pahAr3a hai, usase ratna lekara moha ke gAr3ha vibhrama ko naSTa karane vAle asabhavana dIpaka nayacakra ko kahatA hUM / miti matamA ratnazailAdayApAviha hi samayasArAdyuddha buddhyA gRhItvA / mahAvimahaM supramANAdi ratnaM zrutasuta sudIpaM viddhi pAnIyaM // 2 prastuta nayacakra ' tabhavana dIpaka nAma se khyAta hai jo devasena ke gAthA nayacakra se bhinnatA kA bodhaka hai| kartA ke sAtha bhaTTAraka vizeSaNa bhI prA0 nayacakra ke kartA se bhinnatA kA sUcaka hai| yaha nayacakra saMskRta gadya-padya meM racA gayA hai / viSaya vivecana kI dRSTi aura tarkaNA dazailI sundara hai, jo vyoma paNDita ke pratibodhana ke liye racA gayA hai| jaisA ki usake nimna puSpikA ke ' iti devasena bhaTTAraka viracite vyoma paMDita pratibodhake nayacakre' vAkya se jAnA jAtA hai| isameM tIna adhikAra haiM / grantha ke zurU meM samayasAra kI tIna gAthAoM ko uddhata karake kartA ne saMskRta gadya maiM unakI vyAkhyA karate hue vyavahAra naya kI abhUtArthatA aura nizcaya naya kI bhUtArthatA para acchA prakAza DAlA hai / grantha vyavasthita ra nayAdi ke svarUpa kA pratipAdaka hai / isakA sampAdana kSullaka siddhasAgara ne kiyA hai| aura vardhamAna pArzvanAtha zAstrI ne solApura se prakAzita kiyA hai| sAmagrI ke abhAva meM racanA kA samaya nirNaya karanA kaThina hai / mAlApa paddhati zrAlApa pati ke kartA devasena vatalAye jAte haiN| parantu grantha meM kahIM bhI kartRtva fares saMketa nahIM miltaa| isa kAraNa yaha bhI darzanasAra ke kartA devasena kI kRti nahIM mAlUma hotI / yadyapi prAkRta naya cakra aura AlApa paddhati kA viSaya samAna hai| AlApa paddhati nayacakra para likhI gaI hai| jaisA ki usake nimna vAkya se prakaTa hai : 'prAlApa paddhatirvacana racanAnukrameNa nayacatrasyopari ucyate / ' phira prazna huA ki isakI racanA ki liye kI gaI hai, taba uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki dravya lakSaNa siddhi ke liye aura svabhAva siddhi ke liye bhAlApa paddhati kI racanA kI gaI hai| aba taka ise darzanasAra ke kartA kI kRti kahA jAtA rahA hai, para isa sambandha meM, aba taka koI zranveSaNa nahIM kiyA gayA, jisase yaha pramANita ho sake ki yaha darzanasAra ke kartA kI kRti hai yA anya kisI devasena kii| 1. sA ca kimartham / dravyalakSaNa siddhayarthaM svabhAva siddhyarthaM ca / AlApapaddhati

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jana dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 toraNAcArya yaha kunda kundAnvaya ke vidvAna the| aura zAlmalo nAmaka grAma meM Akara rahe the| vahAM unhoMne logoM kA ajJAna dUra kiyA thA aura janatA ko sanmArga meM lagAyA thaa| tathA apane teja se pRthvI maNDala ko prakAzita kiyA pA! tArajAcArya ke ziSya puSpanandi the| jo ukta gaNa meM agraNI the| puSpanandi ke ziSya prabhAcandra the, jinake liye yaha vasati banavAI gayI thii| usa samaya rASTrakUTa vaMzI rAjA govinda tRtIya kA rAjya thaa| usake rAjya ke do tAmrapatra mile haiN|' eka zaka saM0 724 kA aura dUsarA zaka saM0 719 kaa| prataH ina prabhAcandra ke dAdA guru toraNAcArya kA samaya prabhAcandra se lagabhaga 40 varSa pUrva mAnA jAya to unakA samaya zaka saM0 676 san 756 honA cAhie / arthAt ve IsA ko pAThavIM zatAbdo ke vidvAna the aura vikrama,kI havIM zatAbdI ke / kumArasena bhaTTAraka bhaTTAraka kumArasena ko zaka saM0 822 (san 600) vi0 saM0 657 meM satyavAkya koMgaNivarma dharma mahArAjAdhirAja me, jo ki kuvalAla nagara ke svAmI the / aura zrImatpermanaDi aireyapperasa ne sapheda cAvala, muktazrama, ghI sadA ke liye cugI se muktakara pemenaDivasadi ke lie bhaTTAraka kumArasena ko diyA thaa| isase ina kumArasena kA samaya IsA kI navamI aura vikrama kI dazavI zatAbdI hai| -jana lekha saM0mA02 pR0 160 kumArasena yaha kumArasena vIrasena ke ziSya the, jo candrikAvATa ke vidvAna the| inhoMne mUlaguNDa meM apanA sthAyI nivAsa banA liyA thaa| yaha bar3e vidvAna the| inakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI hai| ravikoti ravikIti apane samaya ke prasiddha vidvAna aura jainadharma ke saMpAlaka the| aihola-abhilekha bIjApura jile ke huguNDa tAlukA ke aihola ke meguTi nAma ke jaMna mandira kI bhora pUrva kI dIvAla para aMkita hai| lekha meM 11 - - -- 1. koNDakondAnvayo dAro gaNo'bhUbhuvanastutaH / tadaitad viSaya vikhyAtaM zAmalI prAmamAyasan / pAsIda (1) toraNAcArma stapaH phalaparigrahaH / tatropazama saMbhUta bhAvanApAstakalmaSaH / / paNDitaH puSpanandIti babhUva bhuvi vizrataH / antevAsI munestasya sakalazcandramAica / / prati divasa bhavaddhi nirastadoSo vyatheta hRdayamalaH / paribhUtacandra vimbastacchiSyo'bhUta prabhAcandraH / / -zaka saM0724 kA tAmrapatra Asauda toraNAcAryaH koNDakundAnvayodbhavaH / sa caitad viSaye zrImAn zalmalIgrAma mAzcitaH / nirAkRta tamorAti sthApayan satpathe janAn / svatejo ghotitA kSauriNacaMDAciriba yo babhau / tasyAbhUd puSpanandItu ziSyovidvAna maraNAnaNIH / tacchiSyAcapramAcandra svasyeyaM vasatiH kRtaa|| -zaka saM0716 kA tAmrapatra

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 237 paMktiyA~ aura 37 zloka haiM / antima paMkti choTI hai jo bAda meM jor3I gaI hai| yaha lekha zramaM saMskRti aura kAvya kI dRSTi se bar3e mahatva kA hai| aura upayogI hai| isa prazasti lekha ke lekhaka ravikIrti haiM, jo saMskRta bhASA ke macche vidvAna aura kavi the| ve kAvya yojanA meM pravINa aura pratibhAzAlI the| unhoMne kavitA ke kSetra meM kAlidAsa aura bhAravi kI kIrti prApta kI thii|" isa lekha se hameM kevala ravi kIrti kI pratibhA kA hI paricaya nahIM milatA kintu ukta donoM kaviyoM ke kAla kI antima sImA bhI sunizcita ho jAtI hai| yaha lekha zaka saM0 556 (san 634 I0) sAtavIM zatAbdI ke dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjanaitika itihAsa para acchA prakAza DAlatA hai| ravikorti cAlukya pulakezI satyAzraya ( pazcimI cAlukya pulakezA dvitIya) ke rAjya meM the| yaha rAjA unakA saMrakSaka yA poSaka thaa| pulakezI svayaM suravIra, raNa kuzala yoddhA thA, prazasti meM unake parAkrama, yuddha saMcAlana, sAhasa aura sainikoM ko gatividhiyoM kA itanA sundara aura vyavasthita varNana diyA hai jo dekhate hI banatA hai| maMgaleza apane bhAI ke putra pulakezI se IrSA karatA thA -- usakI kIrti se jalatA thA aura apane putra ko rAjA banAnA cAhatA thaa| para nahuSa ke samAna pratApI pulakezI ke sAmane usakI zakti kuThita ho gaI vaha kAma na grA sakI, aura rAjyalakSmI ne pulakezI ko varaNa kiyaa| pulakezI ne prApyAyika, govinda, gaMga, anUpa, maurya, lATa, mAlava, gurjara, kaliMga, kosala, pallava, bola, ninyAnabe hajAra gAMva vAle mahArASTra, piSTapura kA durga, kuDI, banavAsI aura pazcima samudra kI pUrI ko jIta liyA thA / aura rAjA harSavarddhana ko roka kara narmadA ke kinAre apanA sainika kendra sthApita kiyA thA / prazasti meM pulakezI ke pratApa aura teja kA bahuta sundara varNana diyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki pulakezI ne apanI senA ke kAraNa pallava rAjAoM ko itanA zrAtaMkita aura bhayabhIta kara diyA thA, jisase ve apanI rAjadhAnI kI cahAra dIvArI ke bhItara hI nivAsa karate the- bAhara nikalane kA unakA sAhasa nahIM hotA thA / cola deza para vijaya prApta karane ke liye usane kAverI nadI pAra kI tathA dakSiNa bhArata ke anya pradezoM ko apane Azrita kiyaa| ravi kIrti kA samaya zaka saM0 556 ( san 634) sAtavIM zatAbdI hai / candradevAcArya candradeva nandi rAjya ke yazasvI, prabhAvayukta, zIla-sadAcAra-sampanna AcArya kalvappa nAmaka RSi parvata para vratapAla divaMgata hue the| yadyapi yaha lekha kAla rahita hai| isameM samvat kA ullekha nahIM hai phira bhI ise lagabhaga zaka saM0 622 kA mAnA jAtA hai / jo san 700 hotA hai / inakA samaya vikrama ko 5vIM zatAbdI honA caahie| - jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 pR0 14 le0 34 (64) dUsare candradeva ko kalyANI ke prasiddha rAvaMza rAjAmallikArjuna ne zaka saM0 1127 raktAkSi gaMvatsara dvitIya pauSa sudi budhavAra makara saMkrAnti ke dina ukta guru candradeva bhaTa ko jaladhArA pUrvaka dAna diyA gayA thaa| inakA samaya san 1205 I0 hai / ( jaina lekha saM0 bhA 3 pR0 264 ) zrAryasena mUlasaMgha varasenagaNa aura pogari gaccha ke vidvAna AcArya the| aura brahmasena vratipa ke ziSya the| jo aneka rAjAdhoM dvArA sevita the| zrAryasena ke ziSya mahAsena the / 2 zilAlekha meM mahAsena munIndra ke chAtra cAka 1. sa vijayatAM ravikIrtiH kavitAdhita kAliya sa bhAravi kIrtiH / meguti lekha 2. zrImUlarAMdhe jinamaMmUle, gaNAbhidhAne varasena nAmni / gaccheSu tucchre'pi yoga bhikkhe saMstUyamAno munirAryyasenaH // tasyAsenasya munIzvarasya ziSyo mahAsena mahA munIndraH // --jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 2 0 228

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238 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 rAja vANasa vaMza ke tathA ketaladevI ke Aphisara the| unhoMne zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha tathA supAzvanAtha kI pratimA banavAI thIM, aura pAnnavAr3a vartamAna hogyADa meM tribhuvana tilayA nAmaka caityAlaya bnvaayaa|' aura usake lie kucha jamIna tathA makAnAt zaka sa0676 san 1054 ma dAna diyA thaa| ataH zrAma lena nA samaya san 1026 ke lagabhaga honA caahiye| -jaina zilAlekha bhA02 pR. 22 AryanandI kavi prasaga ne, jo nAganandI kA ziSya thA / usane AryanandI guru ko preraNA se vardhamAna purANa kI racanA kI thii| kavi ne ise saM0 610 meM banAkara samApta kiyA thaa| kavi dAmi jinApya nAma kA eka brAhmaNa vidvAna thA / vaha pakSapAta rahita, jinadharma meM anurakta, yahAdUra aura paraloka bhIrU thA, usako dhyAkhyAna zIlatA aura puNya zraddhA ko dekhakara ukasA grantha kI cAkI sAyaMndi nAmamA samaya vikrama ko 10 vIM zatAbdI kA prArambha hai| jayasena yaha lADa vAgaDasaMgha ke pUrNacandra the| zAstra samUH ka pAragAnI aura tama ke nivArA the| tathA strI ke kalArUpI bANoM se nahIM bhide the-pUrNa brahmacarya se pratiSThita the| jaisA ki pradyumnacarita kI prazasti ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai : zrIlATavargaTa nabhastala pUrNacandra zAstrArNavAntaga sadhI tapasAM nivAsaH / kAratA kalAvapina yasma zarabibhinna svAntaM bakhUba sa bhunijaMyasena nAmA // inake ziSya guNAkarasena sUri the aura praziSya mahAsena, jo muja nareza dvArA pUjita the| ina jayasena kA kA samaya vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI hai| kanakasena kanakasena senAnvaya mUlasaMgha pogarogaNa ke siddhAnta bhaTTAraka vinayasena ke ziSya the| zaka saM0815 (sana 862 I0) meM nidhiyaNa aura cediyaNNa nAma ke do vaNika putroM ne (Sons of a merchant from Srimangal ne nagarU (dharmapurI) meM eka jinamaMdira bnvaayaa| inameM se pahale ko rAjA se 'mUlapalli' nAma kA gAMva dAna meM milaa| jise usane kanakasena bhaTTAraka ko mandira kI suvyavasthA ke liye pradAna kiyaa| (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 4 pR0 36) ajitasenAcArya AcArya ajitasena mAryasena ke ziSya the| bar3e bhArI vidvAna aura tattva cintaka the / mUlaguNDa ke san 1053 I. ke eka zilA lekha meM ajitasena bhaTTAraka ko 'candrikAvATAnvayavariSTha' batalAyA hai| yaha rAjAoM se sammAnita the / gaMgavaMzI rAjA mArasiMha aura rAcamalla ke guru the| aura inake maMtrI evaM senApati cAmuNDarAya ke bhI guru the| isI se gommaTasAra ke kartA prAcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne unheM Rddhi prApta gaNadhara dedAdi ke samAna guNI aura bhuvana guru batalAyA hai| jaisAki usakI nimna mAthA se prakaTa hai : 1. sannimitaM bhuvana dumbhukamatyudAtta, loka-pratiddhavibha-bonnatapontavA / raramyate paramazAntijinendrageha, pAinadvayAnumatapArzvamupAyAsam / / mahAsena munecchAtra, cArAijena nirmitaM / draSTu kAmAcasahAri zAntinAthastha bimbakam / / -jana zi0 le0 saM0 pR0 226

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya prajjajjaseNa guNagaNa samUha saMdhAri zrajiyaseNa guru / bhuvaNaguru jassa guru so rAmro gommaTo jayaOM // 733 // yaha ajitasena apane samaya ke prasiddha prAcArya the / cAmuNDarAya kA putra jinadevana bhI inakA ziSya thA / usane san 195 I0 meM zravaNabelagola meM eka jina mandira banavAyA thA / prastuta ajitasenAcArya prasiddha kavi rannake bhI guru the 1 236 gaMgavaMzI rAjA mArasiMha bar3e vIra aura jinadharma bhakta the / inhoMne rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNa tRtIya ke liye gurjaradeza ko vijaya kiyA. vindhyaparvata kI talI meM rahane vAle kirAtoM ke samUha ko jItA, mAnyakheTa meM kRSNarAja kI senA kI rakSA kI, indrarAja caturtha kA abhiSeka kraayaa| aura bhI aneka rAjAoM ko vijita kiyaa| aneka yuddha jIte, aura cera, coDa, pANDya, pallava narezoM ko parAsta kiyaa| jaina dharma kA pAlana kiyA / aneka jinamandira banavAye saura mandiroM ko dAna diyaa| mArasiMha ne 961 I0 se 674 I0 taka rAjya kiyA hai| inake dharma mahArAjAdhirAja, gaMgacUr3AmaNi, gaMgavidyAdhara, gaMgakandarpa aura gaMgavA yAdi virUda pAye jAte haiN| aura anta meM rAjya kA parityAga kara ajitasena guru ke samIpa san 174 I0 meM baMkApura meM samAdhi pUrvaka zarIra kA parityAga kiyA / prajita senAcArya kA samaya I0 san 660 (vi0 saM0 1017 ) hai / prajitasena ke ziSya kanakasena dvitIya the / nAganadI sUrastha gaNa ke muni zrInandi bhaTTAraka ke praziSya aura vinayanandi siddhAnta bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the / inake pAda prakSAlana pUrvaka kukkanUra 30 meM sthita apanI jAgIra se 300 mantara pramANa kRSya bhUmi, kopaNa meM yAdava vaMza meM samutpanna mahA sAmanta zaGkara gaNDarasa dvArA nirmANita jayabIra jinAlaya ko nitya prati kI prAvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ke liye dAma meM dI gaI thii| yaha lekha akAla varSa kannaradeva ( rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNa tRtIya) ke rAjya meM raktAkSi saMvatsara evaM zaka saMvat 887 san 964 IsvI meM likhA gayA thaa| isase nAganandI kA samaya san 164 hai / -- jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA pR0 429 gollAcArya the| mUla saMghAntargata nandigaNa se prasUta dezIyagaNa ke prasiddha zrAcArya the, aura gollAcAryaM nAma se khyAta the| yaha gRhastha avasthA meM pahale golladeza ke adhipati (rAjA) the aura nUlacandila nAma ke rAjavaMza meM utpanna hue unhoMne kisI kAraNavaza saMsAra se bhayabhIta ho, rAjya kA parityAga kara jinadIkSA le lI thii| aura tapazcaraNa dvArA grAtma-sAdhanA meM tatpara the| ve zramaNa avasthA meM acche tapasvI, aura zuddharatnatraya ke dhAraka the / siddhAntazAstrarUpI samudra kI taraMgoM ke samUha se jinhoMne pApoM ko dho DAlA thaa| inake ziSya traikAlya yogI the| inakA samaya saMbhavataH dazavIM zatAbdI hai / 1. ityAdya ddha munIndrasantatinidhI zrImUlasaDye tato / jAte nandigaraNa-prabhedavilasadezIra vizrute / gollAvArya iti prasiddha munipo'bhUd golla dezAdhipa: 1 pUrva kena ca hetunA bhavabhiyA dIkSAM gRhItassudhI / -- jainalekhasaMgraha bhA0 1 0 naM0 40 pR0 25

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240 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 anantavIrya (vRddha)-- siddhivinizcaya ke TIkAkAra eka vRddha anantavIrya hue haiN| siddhivinizcaya TIkA ke pu0 27, 57, 135, 538) se jJAta hotA hai ki unakI yaha TIkA ravibhadrapAdopajIvI anaMtavIrya ko prApta thI, unhoMne apanI TIkA meM usakI kucha bAtoM kA nirasana bhI kiyA hai| para ve usase prabhAvita nahIM the, aura saMbhavata: vaha unheM vizeSa rucikara bhI na thii| isI se unhoMne apanI TIkA kA nirmANa kiyaa| isase itanA to nizcita hai ki yaha anantavIrya unase pUrvavartI haiN| saMbhavata: inakA samaya vi0 kI havIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla ho sakatA hai| anantavIrya inakA peggara ke kannaDa zilAlekha meM vIrasena siddhAnta deva ke praziSya aura goNasena paNDita bhaTTAraka ke ziSya ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| ye zrI belagola ke nivAsI the| inheM behoregare ke rAjA zrImat rakkasa ne peragadUra tathA naI khAI kA dAna kiyA thaa| yaha dAna lekha zaka saM0 86 (I. san 177) kA likhA huA hai| ataH inakA samaya IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI hai / indranandI prathama inakA ullekha jvAlA mAlinI kalpa kI prazasti mahamadI (dvitIya) ne kiyA hai| indrAdi devoM ke dvArA inake caraNa kamala pUjita the| jinamata rUpI jaladhi (samudra) se pApalepa ko dho DAlA thaa| siddhAnta zAstra ke jJAtA triloka rUpI kamala yana meM vicarana karane vAle yazasvI rAjahaMsa the| inakA samaya vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdha hai| bAsavanandI yaha indranandI prathama ke ziSya the| baDe bhArI vidvAna the| jinakA caritra pApa rUpI zatru sainya kA hanana karane . ke liye teja talavAra ke samAna thaa| aura cittazaratkAlIna jala ke samAna svaccha aura zItala thA, jinakI nirmala kIrti zaratkAlIna ghandramAkI cAMdanI ke samAna prakAzamAna thii| inakA samaya bhI vikrama kA dazavIM zatAbdI kA madhya bhAga honA caahiye| 1. zrI belagolanivAsimalappa zrI dorasenasiddhAntadevara vara ziSyayara zrIgoNasenapaNDitabhaTTArakavara ziSya zrIman anantavIyaMgale... -jaMna zilA0 saM0 bhA0 2 pR0 166 2. AsIdindrAdideva stutapadakamalazrIndra nNdiniindro| nityotsappaccaritro jinamatajalavidhautapApopalepaH / prajJAnAcAmalodyatpraguNagaNamatorakIsAM vistIrNa siddhA nAmbhorAzistrittokmAMbujavana vicaratasadyazo rAjahaMsaH / / 3. vadavattaM duritArisainya hanane caNDAsidhArAvitam / cittaM yasya zaratsarasalilavat svacchaM sadA zItalam / kotiH zAradakaumudI vAcibhUto jyotsneva yasyA'malA / sa zrI bAsavanaMdisanmunipatiH ziSyastahoyo bhavet / /

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navamI dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 241 ravicandraprastuta ravicandra sUrasthagaNa ke elAcArya ko guru paramparA meM hue haiM / prabhAcandra yogIza, kalneledeva, ravicandra munIzvara ravinandi deva-elAcArya ___ gaMga rAjA mArasiMha (dvitIya) ke samaya pauSa kRSNa 6 maMgalavAra zaka 884 dundubhi saMvatsara, uttarAyaNa saMkrAnti ke samaya melapATi ke skandhAvAra se komala deza meM sthita kAdalUra grAma elAcArya ko diye jAne kA ullekha hai| cUki isa kannaDa zilAlekha kA samaya san 162 hai| ataH yaha ravicandra dazavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| muni rAmasiMha (dohApAhuDa ke kartA) muni rAmasiMha ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA, aura na apane guru kA nAmollekha hI kiyaa| grantha meM racanAkAla bhI nahIM diyA aura na apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha hI kiyA inako ekamAtra kRti 'dohA pAhuDa' hai| jisameM 222 dohe haiN| jinameM prAtma-sambodhaka vastu tattva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / dohe bhAvapUrNa aura sarasa haiN| cUMki isa grantha ke kartA rAmasiMha yogI haiN| unhoMne 211 naM0 ke dohe meM 'rAmasIhu muNi ima bhaNai' vAkya dvArA apane ko usakA kartA sUcita kiyA hai| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne likhA hai ki 'eka prati kI sandhi meM bhI unakA nAma mAtra pAyA hai| prastuta rAmasiMha yogIndu ke bahuta RNI haiN| unhoMne unake paramAtma prakAza se bahuta kucha liyA hai|' rAmasiMha rahasyavAda ke premI the / isI se unhoMne prAcIna granthakAroM ke padyoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| ve joindu aura hemacanda ke madhya hue haiN| rAmasiMha kA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI hai| kyoMki brahmadeva ne paramAtma prakAza kI TIkA meM usake kaI dohe uddhata kiye haiN| brahmadeva kA samaya vi0 kI 11vIM zatAbdI hai| ataH rAmasiMha 10 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna hone cAhiye / nantha kA pratipAdya viSaya adhyAtma cintana hai| prAtmAnubhUti aura sadAcaraNa ke vinA karmakANDa vyartha hai| saccA sukha, indriya nigraha aura prAtmadhyAna meM haiM / mokSamArga ke liye viSayoM kA parityAga karanA Avazyaka hai| binA usake deha meM sthita AtmA ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / grantha meM rahasyavAda kA bhI saMketa milatA hai| kucha dohoM kA prAsvAda kiijiye| hatya ahaM devalI bAlaha pAhi pavesu / saMtu ciraMjaNu tahi nasaiNimpala hoda mvesu||4|| sAr3he tIna hAtha kA yaha choTA-sA zarIra rUpI mandira hai / mUrkha logoM kA usameM praveza nahIM ho sakatA, isI meM niraMjana (AtmA) vAsa karatA hai, nirmala hokara use khoja / appA bujhiu Niccu jai kevalaNANa sahAu / tA para kijjai kAMdavaDa taNu upari anuraau||22|| jaba kevala jJAna svabhAva prAtmA kA parijJAna ho gayA, phira yaha jIva dehAnurAga kyoM karatA hai ? dhaMdhA paDiyau sayala jagu, kammaI karai ayANu / mokkhahaM kAraNu ekku khaNu Na vi dhitai apANu // sArA saMsAra dhandhe meM par3A huA hai aura ajJAnavaza karma karatA hai, kintu mokSa ke lie apanI yAtmA kA eka kSaNa bhI cintana nahIM krtaa| sappiM mukkI kaMca liya jaM visu taM Na mueha / bhoyaha bhAu Na pariharai liMgaragahaNa karei // 15 __ jisa taraha sarpa kAculI to chor3a detA hai, para viSa nahIM chodd'taa| usI taraha dravya liMgI muni veSa dhAraNa kara letA hai kintu bhoga-bhAva kA parihAra nahIM krtaa| appA milli vi jagatilau mada ma jhAyahi aNNu / ji maragau pariyA Niyau tahu ki kaccahu gaSNu // 72 1. (enyualariporTa Apha sAutha iNDiyana epigrAphI san 1934---523 pR0 7)

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242 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 jagatilaka prAtmA ko choDakara he mUha! anya kisI kA dhyAna mata kara.jisane pAtmajJAna rUpa mANikya pahicAna liyA, vaha kyA kAMca ko kucha ginatA hai| mUr3hA hama rajjiyAha appA hoi| bahAI bhiSaNau NANamau so tuhaM prappA joi // 107 / / he maha ! deha meM rAga mata kara, deha bAtmA nahIM hai| deha se bhinna jo jJAnamaya hai usa pAtmA ko tUM dekha / hali sAhikAi karaIso vappaNa, jahi paDibimbUNa dIsai appaNu / dhaMdhavAsa mo jaga pabhiAsaha, dhari acchaMta Na gharabaha dIsaha // 122 he sakhi ! bhalA usa darpaNa kA kyA kareM, jisameM apanA pratibimba nahIM dikhAI detaa| mujhe yaha jagatlajjAvAna pratibhAsita hotA hai, jisa ghara meM rahate hae bhI gahapati kA darzana nahIM hotaa| tisthaI tittha bhamehi vaha dhoyau cammu. jlenn| e. maNa kimadhoesi ta mailaupAya maleNa // 16 // he markha ! tune tIrtha se tIrtha bhramaNa kiyA aura apane camar3e ko jala se dho liyA, para tU isa mana ko, jo pApa rUpI mala se malina hai, kaise dhoygaa| appA parahaMNa melayara AvAgamaNu Na bhaggu / tusa kaMDaM tahaM kAlu gau taMbulu hasthi Na laggu / / 185 mAtmA aura para kA mela huA aura na pAvAgamana bhaMga huaa| tuSa kUdate hue kAla bIta gayA kintu tandula (cAvala) hAtha na lgaa| puNNeNa hoi vihasro vihaveNa mamro bhaeNa mada moho| maI moheNa ya parayaM taM puNNaM pramha mahou / / puNya se vibhava hotA hai, vibhava se mada, aura mada se matimoha, aura mati moha se naraka milatA hai| aisA puNya mujhe nho| isa taraha yaha dohA pAhuDa bahuta sundara kRti hai / manana karane yogya hai / pAkoti yaha senasaMgha ke vidvAna candrasena ke ziSya mAdhavasena ke praziSya aura jinasena ke ziSya the| apabhraMza bhASA ke vidvAna aura kavi the| inhoMne apanI guru paramparA meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai| inakI ekamAtra kRti 'pAsaNAhacariu' hai| jisameM 18 sandhiyAM aura 315 kaDavaka haiN| jinameM tevIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA jIvanaparicaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kathAnaka prAcArya guNabhadra ke uttara purANa ke anusAra hai| grantha meM yAntrika chandoM ke atirikta pajjhaTikA, alillaha, pAdAkulika, madhudAra, sragviNI, dIpaka, somarAjI, prAmANikA, samAnikA aura bhajaMgaprayAta chandoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne pArzvanAtha ke vivAha kI carcA karate hue likhA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne tApasiyoM dvArA jalAI huI lakar3I se sarpa yugala ke nikalane para unheM namaskAra maMtra diyA, jisase ve donoM dharaNendra aura padmAvatI hue| isase pAzvanAtha ko vairAgya ho gayA / tIrthakara svayaM buddha hote haiM unheM vairAgya ke lie kisI ke upadezAdi kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| kintu bAhya nimitta unake vairAgyopAdana meM nimitta avazya par3ate haiN| zvetAmbarIya vidvAna hemavijaya 1. suprasiddha mahAmai Niyamadharu, thiuseNa saMghu iha mahihi varu / tahi caMdaseNu sAmeNa risI, vaya-saMjama-NiyamaI jAsu kisii| tahA~ sIsu mahAmai NiyamacAri, eyavaMtu guNAyaru jaMbhavAri / siri mAhauseNa mahANubhAu, jiseNu sIsu puraNa tAmu jaau| taho puSya saroheM panamakitti, 'uppae sIsu jiNa jAsu citti /

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navamI-dazavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya 243 gaNI ne to neminAtha ke bhitti citroM ko pArzvanAtha ke vairAgya kA kAraNa likhA hai| digambara paramparA meM nAga ghaTanA ko vairAgya kA kAraNa likhA hai| isa mAnyatA meM koI saiddhAntika hAni nahIM hai| vAdirAja ne pArzvanAtha ke vairAgya kI svAbhAvika batalAyA hai| pArzvanAtha ne vivAha nahIM karAyA, unheM vairAgya ho gyaa| sUla grAgama samavAyAMga aura kalpasUtra meM bhI pArzvanAtha ke vivAha kA varNana nahIM hai| unheM bAla brahmacArI prakaTa kiyA hai| kintu bAda ke zvetAsvarAcArya zolAMka, devabhadra aura hemacandra ne unheM vivAhita batalAyA hai| hemacandra ne 12 tIrthakara vAsupUjya ko bAlabrahmacArI prakaTa karate hue pArzvanAtha ko bhI avivAhita (brahmacArI) batalAyA hai / A0 zIlAMka ne unheM 'caupanna purisacarita' meM dAraparigraha karane aura kucha kAla rAjya pAlana kara dIkSita hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / raff hemacandra ne bAlabrahmacArI likhA hai| eka hI granthakAra apane grantha meM eka sthAna para pArzvanAtha ko bAla brahmacArI likhe aura dUsarI jagaha unheM vivAhita likhe, ise samucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / digambara paramparA ke sabhI granthakAroM ne yativRSabha, guNabhadra, puSpadanta, vAdirAja aura pArzvakIrti yAdi ne unheM avivAhita hI likhA hai / pArzvanAtha ke vairAgya kA kAraNa kucha bhI rahA ho, para unake vairAgya kI laukAntika devoM ne puSTa kiyA / pArzvanAtha ne dIkSA lekara ghora tapazcaraNa kiyaa| ve eka bAra bhramaNa karate hue uttara paMcAla deza kI rAjadhAnI ahicchatrapura ke bAhya udyAna me padhAre doSa rAhata, ve muni kAyotsarga meM sthita ho gae, girIndra ke samAna ve dhyAna meM nizcala the / dhyAnAnala dvArA karma samUha ko dagdha karane kA prayatna karane lge| unake donoM hAtha nIce laTake hue the, unakI dRSTinAsAtha thI, ve samabhAva ke dhAraka the, unakA na kisI para ropa thA aura na kisI paraneha, ve maNikaMcana ko dhUli ke samAna, sukha, dukha, zatru mitra ko bhI samAnabhAva se dekhate the| jaisA ki usake nimna padya se spaSTa hai 1 tahi phAsU jouvi mahimaesa, thii kAloso viSaya-do / bhANANala pUriumaNimuNidu, thiu avicala NAvai girivaraM / laMbiya kara yalu jhANu vakkhu, NAsanna sihari mugivaddha cakkhu / sama-sattu-misa-sama-rosa-tosu, kaMcana -maNi peSakha dhUli sarisu sama-sarisa pekkhar3a vRkkhu somakhu, vaMdiu Naravara para gaNai mokkhu || - vAsaNAvari 34-3 kamaTha kA jIva jo yakSendra huA thA vimAna dvArA kahIM jA rahA thaa| vaha vimAna jaba pArzvanAtha ke Upara bhAyA, taba ruka gayA / vimAna rukane kA use bar3A Azcarya huA, vaha nIce khAthA, taba usane pArzvanAtha ko dhyAnastha dekhA, unheM dekhate ho pUrva bhava ke vaira ke kAraNa usane unheM dhyAna se vicalita karane kA upakrama kiyA / parantu vaM dhyAna meM avicala the, usase ve jarA bhI vicalita nahIM hue / taba usane ruSTa hokara pArzvanAtha para ghora upasarga kiyA / jaba ve usase bhI vicalita nahIM hue, taba usane atyanta ruSTa hokara bhayAnaka upasarga kiye, ghanaghora varSA kI 2. itthaM pitRvacaH pArzvo'pyullaMghayitu manIzvaraH / bhogyaMkarma kSapayitumudabAha prabhAvatIma || -- tripaTiyAkA puruSacaritra parva dalo0 210 3. triSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita parva 4 zloka 102 pR038 tathA mahilanemipAdaiti bhAvino'pi yojitAH akRtodvAho'kRtarAjyaH prAvajiSyanti muktaye / / triSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita parva 4 loka 103 pR0 38 4. to kumArabhAvamavAlikaraNa kicikAla kayadAra parimaho rAyasiri mnnuvaalik...| - caupanna purirAcari 50 104 5. ghoru bhImu upasaggu karata ho, sIyalu salila giyaru barisaMta ho / boliu satahaM rattikhiraMtara, to die asuraho mariNammaccharu | jiha jiha salila paDai gharA-mukkau tiha tiha saMdhi jiriMda ho Tukkau to biga cala citta taho dhIra ho, bAluvi kaMpa khAhi sarIra ho / Da jaladhi saMdhi jiriMga ho, Asasu caliu nAma dhaNada ho /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 usane sAta rAtri taka nirantara varSA kii| jisase varSA kA pAnI pArzvanAtha ke kaMdhoM taka pahuMca gyaa| usI samaya dharaNiMdra kA zAsana kampAyamAna huA. usane bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA upasarga jAnakara unakI rakSA ko| upasarga dUra hote hI bhagavAna ko kevalajJAna ho gayA aura indrAdika deva kevalajJAna kalyANaka ko pUjA karane Aye / kamaTha ke jIva usa saMvaradeva ne apane aparAdha kI kSamA mAMgI aura vaha unakI zaraNa meM AyA / usa samaya jo anya tapasvI ne bhI saba pAzrvanAtha ko zaraNa meM pAkara samyaktva ko prApta hue / praphulla kumAra modI se savau' bhI zAbinA meM pamakoti ke isa graMtha kA racanA kAla zaka saM0 REE batalAyA hai| jabaki undhakatane samaya ke sAtha zaka yA vikrama zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA, taba use zaka saMvat kaise samajha liyA gayA / dUsare padmakIti ne apanI jo guru paramparA dI hai usameM candrasena, mAdhavasena, jinasena aura padyakIti kA nAmollekha hai| grantha meM kanATaka mahArASTra bhASA ke zabdoM kA ullekha hone se unheM dAkSiNAtyaM mAna kara zaka saMvat kI kalpanA kara DAlI hai| hireAvalI ke lekha meM candraprabha aura mAdhavasena kA ullekha dekhakara tathA candraprabha ko candrasena mAna kara unake samaya kA nizcaya kiyA hai, jabaki usa lekha meM mAdhavasena ke ziSya jinasena kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| aisI sthiti meM patrakIti ke guru jinasena kA koI ullekha na hone para bhI ukta candraprabha hI candrasena paura jinasena ke praguru hoNge| yaha kalpanA kucha saMgata nahIM kahI jA sakatI, aura na isa para se yaha phalita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki granthakatA padmavAti zaka saM066E ke gathakAra haiM--isake lie kinhIM anya prAmANika pramANoM ko khoja Avazyaka hai naye pramANA ke atvaSaNa hAne para naya pramANa sAmana pAyeMga, una para se pana kAti kA samaya vikrama kA dazavA yA gyArahavIM zatAbdI nizcita hogaa| anantavIrya anantavIrya-jinakA maTola (vIjApura bambaI) ke zilAlekha meM nirdeza hai| yaha zilAlekha cAlukya jayasiMha dvitIya aura jagadekamalla prathama (I0 san 1024) ke samaya kA upalabdha huyA hai| isameM kamala deva bhaTTAraka, vimukta vatIndra siddhAntadeva, aSNiya bhaTTAraka, prabhAcandra aura anantavIrya kA kramaza: ullekha hai| ye anantavIrya samasta zAstroM ke vizeSakara jainadarzana ke pAragAmI the / anantavorya ke ziSya guNakoti siddhAnta bhaTTAraka paura devakIti paNDita the| ye saMbhavata: yApanIya saMgha aura sUrasthagaNa ke the| kanakasena caMdrikAvATa senAnvaya ke vidvAna vIrasena ke ziSya the| yaha borasena kumArasenAcArya ke saMgha ke sAdhanoM ke guru the| inakA samaya pI0 bI0 dezAI ne 860I0 batalAyA hai| aura kumArasena kA samaya 860 I0 nirdiSTa kiyA hai| cikArya ne mulagaNDa meM eka jaina mandira banavAyA thaa| usake putra nAgArya ke choTe bhAI arasArya ne, jo nIti aura Agama meM kuzala thA, aura dAnAdi kAryoM meM udyukta tathA samyaktvI thaa| usane nagara ke vyApAriyoM kI sammati se eka hajAra pAna ke vRkSoM ke kheta ko mandiroM kI sevA ke liye kanakasena ko zaka saMvat0 824 san 103 I0 ko arpita kiyA thA / ataeva ina janakasena kA samaya IsA kI nauvIM zatAbdI kA upAntya aura dazavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai| -(jaina lekha saMgraha bhA0 2 pR0 158) arhanandI aDDa kaligaccha aura balahArigaNa ke siddhAnta pAra dRSTA sakalacandra siddhAnta muni ke ziSya appapoTi 1. jainijma ina sAiMTiyA pR0 105 2.jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA, pI. vI. dezAI 0 136

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navamI dazavIM zatAndI ke AcArya munIndra ke ziSya the / inheM zaka saM0867 zukravAra ke dina (5th December 945 A.D) pUrvIya cAlukya ammA dvitIya yA vijayAditya SaSTha kA jo cAlukya bhIma dvitIya beMgI (vengi) ke rAjA kA putra aura uttarAdhikArI thA, aura jisane I0 san 670 (vi0 saM0 1027) taka rAjya kiyaa| maha rAjA jainiyoM kA saMrakSaka thaa| mahilA cAmakAmba kI preraNA se, jo paTTavardhaka gharAne kI thii| aura arhanandI kI ziSyA thI, usa rAjA ne kalu cumbaru nAmakA eka grAma sarva lokAzraya jinabhavana ke hitArtha anandI ke pAda prakSAlana pUrvaka pradAna kiyaa| inakA samaya IsA kI 10vIM zatAbdI hai| dharmasenAcArya dharmasenAcArya-yaha candrikAbATa vaMza ke vidvAna the| inakA AcAra nirmala thA aura inakI bar3I khyAti thI / zrI e.epha. pAra0 hAnale ke dvArA prakAza meM lAI gaI paTTAvaliyoM meM se eka meM candrikapATa gaccha kA nirdeza kANUragaNa aura siMhasaMgha se sambandhita thaa| jaise hanasoga anvaya kA nAma hanasoga nAmaka sthAna se nisRta hayA hai| usI taraha candrikAbATa bhI saMbhava hai kisI sthAna vizeSa kA nAma ho| desAI mahodaya kA sujhAva hai ki bIjApura jile ke sinda kI tAlluke meM jo vartamAna meM candrakavaTa nAmakA gAMva hai, yaha vahI ho sakatA hai| mUlaguNDa se prApta eka zilAlekha meM likhA hai ki vIrasena ke ziSya kanakasena sUri ke kara kamaloM meM eka bheTa dI gii| vIrasena candrikAvATa ke senAnvaya ke kumArasena ke mukhya. ziSya the 1 saMbhava hai ve kumArasena vahI hoM, jinhoMne mUlaguNDa nAmaka sthAna para samAdhipUrvaka maraNa kiyA thaa| inakA samaya IsA kI havI aura vikrama kI 10vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArSa ho sakatA hai| indranandI (zru tAvatAra ke kartA) prastuta indranandI ne apanA paricaya aura guru paramparA kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA 1 aura na samaya hI diyaa| zratAvatAra ke kartA rUpa se indranandI kA koI prAcIna uslekha gare pradalakara meM par3I paayaa| aisI sthiti meM unake samaya-sambandha meM vicAra karane meM bar3I kaThinAI ho rahI hai| unakI eka mAtra kRti 'vatAvatAra' hai, jo mUlarUpa meM mANikacandra granthamAlA se tattvAnu zAsanAdi saMgraha meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| jisameM saMskRta ke eka sau satAsI zloka haiN| unameM vIra rUpI himAcala se zrutagaMgA kA jo nirmala srota bahA hai vaha antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu taka pravacchinna dhArA eka rUpa meM calI aayii| pazcAt dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSAdi ke kAraNa mata-bheda rUpI caTTAna se TakarAkara vaha do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hokara digambara-zvetAmbara nAma se prasita hai| digambara sampradAya meM jo zrutAvatAra likhe gaye, unameM indra nandI kA zra tAvatAra adhika prasiddha hai| isameM do siddhAntAgamoM ke avatAra kI kathA dI gaI hai / jinapara anta ko dhavalA aura jayapavalA nAmako vistRta TIkAeM, jo 72 hajAra maura 60 hajAra zloka parimANa meM likhI gaI haiM, unakA paricaya diyA gayA hai| usake bAda kI paramparA kA koI ullekha taka nahIM hai / prastuta indranandI vikrama ko 10 vI zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM / aisA merA anumAna hai| vidvAn vicAra kreN| 1. akali-gaccha-nAmA, balahArigaNa pratIta vikhyAta yazAH / sivAnta pAradRzyA prakaTita guNa sakalacandra siddhAnta muniH / tacchiSyo guNavAn prabhuramita yazAssumati rappapoTi munIndraH / / tacchiSyA'InanyakRitavara munaye cAmekAmbA subhaktyA / zrImacchI savvalokAzraya jinabhavanasyAta santrArtha mucca / / mbaGginAthAmmarAje kSitibhRtikalucumbaka sugrAmamiSTaM / santuSTA vApayitvA budhajana vinutAM yatra jagrAha kIrti // ---jaina lekha saM0bhA0 3 kalucumbara lekha pu012 2. dekho cAmuNDarAya purAe padya 14

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adhyAya 4 11vIM hauda 12dI manAlI ke sidvAna AcArya nnmi panasenAcArya dharmasenAcArya vimalasena paMDita vAdirAja sAgarasena saiddhAntika vivAkaranandi siddhAntadeva indrasena bhaTTAraka durgadeva (riSTasamuccaya ke kartA) prAcArya mANikyanandI mahAkavi puSpa danta nayanandI phaviDaDDhA (saMskRta paMcasaMgraha ke kartA) prabhAcandra (prameyakamalamArtaNDakA) paMDita pravacanasena vIrasena (mAthurasaMgha) zAntinAtha devasena indra kauti nemiSeNa guNasena paMDita (nayAyika aura vaiyAkaraNa) mAdhavasena gopanandI zAntideva vRSabhamanvI amitagati (dvitIya) vAsavanandI brahma hemacandra (zrutaskandha ke kartA) vIranandI siddhAnta cakravatoM (candraprabhacaritra ke kartA pagranandi (tintriNI gaccha) nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI (gommaTa sAra ke kartA) kanakasena (dvitIya) Aryasena narendrasena prathama mahAsena narendra sena (dvitIya) cAmuNDarAya (cAmuNDarAya purANa ke kartA) jinasena mahAkavi vIra (jamba svAmIcaritra ke kartA) nayasena padmanandI (jaMbadvIpa paNNatto ke kartA) malliSeNa kadhi dhavala (harivaMza purANa kartA) zrIkumAra kavi (prAsma prabodha ke kartA) jayakIti (chandonuzAsana ke kartA) ajUdeva bhaTTAraka brahmasena pratipa gaNoti siddhAntadeva muni zrIcandra devakoti paMDita (anantavIrya zipya) kezirAja govarddhana deva 246

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247 gyArahavIM aura bArahavI zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya dAmanandI (kumAra kItiziSya) dhAmanandi bhaTTAraka dAmanandA (muni pUrNacanda ziSya) bhUpAla kavi (caturvizatikA ke kartA dAmarAja kavi kAnti (kaviyatrI) prAcArya zubhacandra (jJAnArNava ke kartA) indrakIrti kezavanandi (meghanandi ziSya) kulacandra muni (paramAnanda si0 ke ziSya) kotivarmA munipAsiMha (NApasAra ke kartA) padmanandi malapAri zrutakIti kadhi dhanapAla (bhaviSyadatta kathA) jayasena (lADavAgaDasaMgha) bAgbhaTa (neminirvANakAvya ke kartA) harisiMha muni haMsa siddhAnta deva harSanambI mahA muni hemasena bhAyasena (gopasena ziSya) vIrasena haricanna (dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke kartA) bahmaveSa (dravyasaMgraha vRtti) tribhuvanacandra rAmasena (mUlasaMgha senagaNa) yApAlamuni (rUpasiddhi ke kartA) jayasena (dharmaratnAkara ke kartA) bAhubalI prAcArya mAdhavananda vidya (trilokasAra ke TIkAkAra) pacanandi (paMcaviMzatikA ke kartA) padmaprabhamaladhArideva (niyamasAra vRtti kartA) dAmanandi vidya kulacandramunIndra kulacanda muni (dvitIya) pAcaNNa ahir' bAlacanda adhyAtmI rAjAditya kItivarmA boppaNa paMDita dhIranandI (prAcArasAra ke kartA) gaNadharakIti (dhyAnavidhi ke TIkAkAra) bhaTTavosari (prAyajJAna tilaka ke kartA) nAgadhandra (abhinava pampa) muNabhadra karNapArya zrutakIti (paMca vastu ke kartA) vRttivilAsa chatra sena saM0 1166 sAgaranandI siddhAntadeva mahanavi (mAghanandi si.veba ke ziSya) mAilla dhavala (nayacakra kA) kumudacandra (kalyANa maMdira stotrakartA) zrIcanta (kathAkoza kartA) bandrakIpti (zruta vindu ke kartA) candrakIti nAma ke dUsare vidvAna candrakIti (tribhuvana kIti ziSya) candrakoti (bha. zrIbhUSaNa ziSya) mAdyanAnvi siddhAntadeva devakIti gaNDa vimakta siddhAntavedha (mAghanandi si.ke ziSya) maNikyanandI mAdhavacanda malapAri (pramatacandra dvi0ke guru) guNabhadrAcArya (dhanyakumAra carita ke kartA) mAdhavacandavatI (devakoti ziSya) mAdhavacandra (zubhacandra siddhAntadeva ziSya) basunandi saiddhAntika narendra kIti vidha tribhuvana malla

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240 munikanakAmara (karakaNDu cariu) kavi zrIdhara (pArzvanAtha caritrakartA) amRtacanda dvitIya mahilaSeNa maladhAri lakSmaNadeva laghu ananta vIrya (prameya ratnamAlAkAra) bAlacanda siddhAntadeva prabhAcandra (meghacandra vidha ziSya) mAdhavasena nAma ke anya vidvAna vIrasena paMDitadeva narendrasena (siddhAntasAra ke kartA) kavi siddha va siMha (pajjuNNacaritra ke kartA) pacanandivatI (ekatva saptati ke kanaDI TIkAkAra) girikIti (gommaTasAra paMjikA ke kartA) jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 meghacanda vidyadeva zAntiSaNa pramarasena zroSaNa nemicandra zrIdhara (gaNita sArakartA) vAsavacanna munIndra devendra muni nayakoti muni mANikyasena paMDita mahAsena paMDitadeva prabhAcandra (bAlacandra zidhya) prabhAcandra (meghacandra vaividha ziSya) prabhAcandra vidya rAmacandra muni ziSya

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kanakanandI gommaTa sAra ke kartA nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne apane eka guru kA nAma kanakanandI likhA hai| aura batalAyA hai ki unhoMne indranandI ke pAsa sakala siddhAnta ko sunakara 'saravasthAna' kI racanA kI hai yathA ghara iMdaNaMdI guruNo pAse soUNa sayala siddhataM / siri phaNayaNaMdI guruNA sattuTThANaM samuddiDheM / / yaha satvasthAna grantha 'vistara satva tribhaMgI ke nAma se prArA jaina siddhAnta bhavana meM maujUda hai| jisake noTa mukhtAra zrI jugalakizora jI ne liye the| pramIjI ne kanakanandI ko bhI abhayanandI kA ziSya batalAyA hai jo ThIka nahIM jAna par3atA, kyoMki ne micandra ne svayaM unheM indranandI se sakala siddhAnta kA jJAna karanA likhA hai / isa kAraNa ye indranandI ke ziSya the| nemicandrAcArya ne gommaTasAra karmakANDa meM ukta satvasthAna kI 358 se 397 veM taka 40 gAthAeM dI hai| javaki pArA bhavana kI prati meM 48 yA 46 gAthAeM pAI jAtI haiM / gommaTasAra meM ve mATha gAthAe nahIM dI gii| isase kanakanandI kA samaya bhI 10vIM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga aura gyArahavIM kA prArambha ho sakatA hai / anta kI gAthA se kanakanandI kA bhI siddhAnta cakravartI honA pAyA jAtA hai| vAvirAja vAvirAja-dramila yA draviDasaMgha ke vidvAna the| draviDasaMghastha nandisaMgha kI aruMgala zAkhA ke prAcArya the| prahaMgala kisI sthAna yA grAma kA nAma hai usakI muniparamparA agalAnvaya nAma se prasiddha huI / SaTtakaSaNmukha, syAdvAdavidyApati aura jagadekamalla inakI upAdhiyAM haiN| vAdirAja zrIpAladeva ke praziSya, matisAgara ke ziSya aura rUpasiddhi (zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa kI TIkA) ke kartA dayApAla' muni ke satIrtha tathA gurubhAI the| vAdirAja unakA svayaM nAma nahIM haiM kintu eka padavI hai, kintu usakA pracAra adhika hone ke kAraNa vaha mUla nAma ke rUpa meM pracalita huI jAna par3atI hai / mUla nAma kucha aura hI rahA hogaa| caulukya nareza jayasiMha deva kI sabhA meM inakA bar3A sammAna thA / aura prakhyAta vAdiyoM meM inakI gaNanA thii| malliSaNa' prazasti ke anusAra ye rAjA jayasiMha dvArA pUjita the (siMhasamacaM pITha vibhavaH) aura unheM mahAna vAdI, 1. dekho jana sAhitya aura itihAsa pa0 266 2. purAtana jaina vAkya sUcI kI prastAnA e073 3. hitaiSiNAM yasya nRNAmudattavAcA nibaddhA hitruupsiddhiH| banyo dayApAla muniH sa vAcA sikSassatAmmUrdani yaH prabhAvaH / / yasya zrI matimAgaro mururasau caJcadazazcandra saH? zrImAnyasya sa vAdirAja gaNamRtsa brahmacArI vibhoH / eko'tIva kRtI sa eva hi dayApAlavatI yammanasyAstAmanya-parigraha-graha kathA sve vigrahe vigrahaH // -malli0 pra0 jainale. bhA0 10 108 4. zrImariMsaha mahIpate: pariSadi prakhyAta vAdonnati staka pAyatamo pahodaya giriH sArasvataH zrInidhiH / ziSya zrImatisAgarasya viduSAM patyustapaH zrIbhRtAM, bhatu: siMhapurezvaro vijayate svAdvAdavidyA patiH // 5 nyAya vi0pra0 5. pahilapeNa prazasti zaka saM0 1050 (vi0 saM0 1185) meM utkIrNa kI gaI hai| 246

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250 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa---bhAga 2 vijetA aura kavi pragaTa kiyA hai / jayasiha (prathama) dakSiNa ke caulukya yA solaMkI vaMza ke rAjA the| inake rAjya kAla ke 30 se adhika zilAlekha aura dAna patra Adi mila: haiN| jinameM pahalA lekha zaka saM0638 kA hai paura antima zaka saM0664 kaa| ataH 138 se 164 taka inakA rAjya kAla nizcita hai| inake zaka saM0645 pauSavadI doija ke eka lekha meM unheM bhojarUpa kamala ke liye candra / rAjendra cola (parakesarIvarmA) rUpa hAthI ke liye siMha, mAlabe ko sammilita senA ko parAjita karane vAlA mora ghera-cola rAjAoM ko daNDa dene vAlA likhA hai| rAja ne pArzvanAtha carita kI prazasti meM apane dAdA guru zrIpAladeva ko "siMhapuraikamukhya" likhA hai / aura nyAya vinizcaya kI prazasti meM apane Apako bhI "siMhapurezvara' prakaTa kiyA hai| jisase spaSTa hai ki yaha siMhapura ke svAmI the - inheM sihapura jAgora meM milA huA thaa| zaka saM0 1.47 meM utkIrNa soca ke 463 nambara ke zilAlekha meM vAdirAja kI hI ziSya paramparA ke zrIpAla vidyadeva ko jina mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra aura RSiyoM ko AhAra dAna ke hetu hoyarala rAjA viSNavarddhana poysala deva dvArA 'zalpa' nAma kA gAMva dAna svarUpa dene kA varNana hai / aura 465 meM jo zaka saM0 1122 meM aMkita huSA, usameM darzana ke adhyetA zrIpAsa deva ke svargavAsa ho jAne para unake ziSya vAdirAja (dvitIya) ne 'paravadimalla-jinAlaya' banavAyA aura unake pUjana tathA muniyoM ke AhAradAnArtha kucha bhUmi kA dAna diyA / ina uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki vAdirAja kI ziSya paramparA maThAdhIzoM kI paramparA thii| jisameM dAna lene paura dene kI vyavasthA thI / ve svayaM dAna lete the, jina mandira nirmANa karAte the, unakA jIrNodvAra karAte the aura anya muniyoM ke prAhAra dAnAdi kI vyavasthA bhI karate the| ve rAja daravAroM meM vivAda meM vijaya prApta karate the| devasena ne darzanasAra meM likhA hai ki draviDa saMgha ke muni, kaccha, kheta vasati (mandira) aura vANijya se mAjI. vikA karate the| tathA zItala jala se snAna karate the / isI kAraNa usameM drAviDa saMgha ko jainAbhAsa kahA gayA hai| bAdirAja ne pApavanAtha carita siMhacakezvara yA colukya cakravartI jayasiMha deva kI rAjadhAnI meM rahate hue zaka saM0 147 kI kArtika sudI 3 ko banAyA thA / jayasiMha deva usa samaya rAjya kara rahe the| usa samaya yaha rAjadhAnI lakSmI kA nivAsa aura sarasvatI devI kI janma bhUmi thii| yazodhara carita ke tRtIya sarga ke 55 3 padya meM aura cauthe sarga ke upAntya padya meM mahArAjA jayasiMha kA ullekha kiyA hai| jisase yazodhara carita kI racatA bhI jayasiMha ke samaya meM huI hai| 1.lokya dIpikA bANI vAmyAmevodagAdiha / jinarAjata ekasmAdekasmAtAdirAjataH // 50 aruddhAmbara pindhu-bimba-racitaussukyAM sadA yadyaza-patra vAka camarI jarAjiscayo'bhyam ca yatkarNayoH , sevyaHsiha samacyaM-pITha-vibhavaH sarvapravAdi prajA--dattocajayakAra-mAra-mahimA zrIvAdhirAjo vidAm / / -41 malliSeNa prazasti pa0 108 2. isa sAdhu paramparA meM vAdirAja aura zrIpAla deva nAma ke kaI vidvAna ho gae haiN| ye pAdirAja dvitIya hai, jo gaMga nareza rAcamalla caturtha pA satyavAkya ke guru the| 3. kaccha khettaM vasadi vANijja kAriUNa jiivto| mhaMto sIyalaNIre pAvaM pajara sa saMjethi / / 2 / / 4. mAkAbde nagavAdhirandharaNane saMvatsarekoghane, mAse kArtikanAmniAMvahite zuddha tRtIyAdhina / siMhe yAti jayAdi ke vasumatIjanIka yeyaM mayA, niSpani gamitA satI bhavatu vaH kalyANa nisspsiye| pA.10 pra. 5. 'dhyAtavajjayasiMhato raNamukhe dIrgha do dhAriNIm / 6. 'raNamukha jayasiMho rAjyalakSmI babhAra / /

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251 bArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya vAdirAja sUri kI nimna pAMca kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM, jinakA saMkSita paricaya nimna prakAra haipArzvanAtha carita yaha 12 sargAtmaka kAvya hai, jo mANikacandra granthamAlA meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| isameM aneka pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA ullekha hai / yazodhara carita - yaha cAra sarvAtmaka eka choTA-sA khaNDa kAvya hai| jisake padyoM kI saMkhyA 296 hai / aura jise taMjaura ke sva0 TI0 esa0 kuppusvAmI zAstrI ne prakAzita kiyA thaa| ekIbhAvastotra - yaha paccIsa zlokoM kA sundara stavana hai, aura jo ekIbhAvaM gata iva mayA-se prAraMbha huA hai| stotra bhakti ke rasa se bharA huA hai aura nitya paThanIya hai| nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa - yaha akalaMka deva ke 'nyAya vinizcaya' kA bhASya hai| jaina nyAya ke prasiddha granthoM meM isakI gaNanA hai| isako zloka saMkhyA bIsa hajAra hai / yaha paM0 mahendra kumAra jI nyAyAcArya ke dvArA sampAdita hokara bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI se prakAzita ho cukA hai| pramANa nirNaya - yaha pramANa zAstra kA laghukAya svataMtra grantha hai / isameM pramANa, pratyakSa parokSa aura Agama nAma ke cAra adhyAya haiM / mANikacandra granthamAlA se mUla rUpa meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / adhyAtmASTaka - yaha ATha padyoM kA stotra hai, mANika candra granthamAlA se prakAzita hai| para nizcayataH yaha kahanA zakya nahIM hai ki yaha racanA inhIM vAdirAja kI hai yA anya kI / lokyadIpikA - nAma kA eka grantha bhI vAdirAja kA honA caahiye| jisakA ullekha malliSeNa prazasti ke --- trailokya-dIpikA bANI' pada se jJAta hotA hai| jI ne apane vAdirAja vAle lekha meM likhA hai ki svargIya seTha mANikacandra jI ke saMgraha meM "trailokya dIpikA" nAmakA kA eka apUrNa grantha hai| jisake Adi ke dasa aura anta ke 58 veM patra se Age ke patra nahIM / saMbhava hai yahI vAdirAja kI racanA ho / divAkaranandI siddhAntadeva yaha bhaTTAraka candrakIti ke pradhAna ziSya the / siddhAntazAstra ke acche vidvAna the aura vastu tattva kA pratipAdana karane meM nipuNa the / inhoMne tattvArtha sUtra kI kannar3a bhASA meM aisI vRtti banAI thI, jo mUrkho, bAlakoM tathA vidvAnoM ke prabaMdha karAne vAlI thI / inake eka gRhasya ziSya paTTaNasvAmI nokayyaTTi the inhoMne eka tIrthad basadi (mandira) kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura vIra sAntara ke jyeSTha putra tailaha deva ne, jo bhujabala sAntara nAma se khyAta the| rAjA hokara unhoMne paTTaNasvAmI ko vasadi ke liye dAna diyA thaa| divAkara nandI ko siddhAnta ratnAkara kahA jAtA thaa| inake ziSya munisakalacandra the / isa lekha meM kAla nahIM diyA / yaha lekha hummaca meM sUle vastI ke sAmane ke mAnastambha para utkIrNa hai| isakA samaya 1077 I0 ke lagabhaga batalAyA gayA hai'| hummaca ke eka dUsare 197 naM0 ke lekha meM, jisameM paTTaNa svAmi nokayya seTTi ke dvArA nirmita paTTaNa svAmi jinAlaya ko zaka varSa 84 (san 1062 ) ke zubhakRta saMvatsara meM kArtika sudi paMcamI yAdityavAra ko sarvatrAdhA rahita dAna diyA / vIrasAntara deva ko sone ke sau gadyANabheMTa karane para molakere kA dAna milaa| mAhura meM usane pratimA ko ratnoM meM mar3a diyA aura usake pAsa sonA, cA~dI, mUgA Adi ratnoM kI aura paMca dhAtu kI pratimAe~ virAjamAna kI / paTTaNa svAmi nokayyaseTTi ne zAntagere, molakere, paTTaNasvAmigere aura kukkuDa valli ke tale viNDe gere ye saba tAlAba banavAye aura sI gadyANa dekara ugure nadI kA solaMga ke pAgimagala tAlAba meM praveza karAyA / yaha lekha divAkara nandi ke ziSya sakalanaMda paNDita deva ke gRhastha ziSya mallinAtha ne likhA thaa| trailokyamalla vIra sAntara deva jaina dharma kA zraddhAlu rAjA thA kyoMki isane pomburca meM bahuta se jinamandira banavAye the / isakI dharma patnI cAmala devI ne nokiyabbe vasadi ke sAmane 'makaratoraNa' banavAyA thaa| aura 1. dekho (jaina lekha saM0 bhAga 2 0 277-281) 2. jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 2 0 237 - 241)

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252 baligAve meM cAmezvara nAma kA mandira banavAyA thA aura brAhmaNoM kA dAna diyA thaa| jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 - jaina lekha saM0 bhA 2 pR0 241 - 245) lekha naM0 166 durgadeva durgadeva - yaha saMyamasena ke ziSya the, jinakI buddhi SaTdarzanoM ke abhyAsa se tarkamaya ho gaI thI, jo paMcAMga tathA zabda zAstra meM kuzala the, samasta rAjanIti meM nipuNa the| vAdi gajoM ke liye siMha the, aura siddhAnta samudra ke pAka hue the| unhIM kI AjJA se yaha grantha 'maraNa karaNDikA' Adi aneka prAcIna granthoM kA upayoga karake pe 'riSTa sacamuccaya' grantha tIna dina meM racA gayA hai| aura jo vikrama saMvat 1086 kI zrAvaNa zuklA ekAdazI ko mUla nakSatra ke samaya zrI nivAsa rAjA ke rAjya kAla meM kumbhanagara ke zAntinAtha mandira meM samApta huA hai| durgadeva ne apane ko desajaI ( dezayati) batalAyA hai'| isase ve bhraSTa mUla guNasahita zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM se bhUSita vA kSullaka sAdhu ke rUpa meM pratiSThita hue jAna par3ate haiM / inhoMne apane guruyoM meM saMyamasena zraura mAdhavacandra kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / para unake sambandha meM vizeSa prakAza nahIM DAlA / yaha grantha mRtyu vijJAna se sambandha rakhatA hai / isameM 261 prAkRta gAthAoM meM aneka piNDastha, padasthAdi tathA rUpasthAdi cinhoM - lakSaNoM, ghaTanAoM evaM nimittoM ke dvArA mRtyu ko pahale jAna lene kI kalA kA nirdeza hai| inakI dUsarI racanA ardha kANDa hai, jo 144 gAthAoM meM nibaddha hai, zrIra jo vastuoM kI mandI-tejI jAnane ke vijJAna ko lie hue eka acchA mahatva kA grantha hai| yaha grantha mere pAsa thA, DaoN0 nemicandra jyotiSaprAcArya ne bhagAyA thaa| vaha unake pAsa se kahIM kho gyaa| ataH bhaNDAroM meM usakI khoja karanI cAhie | tIsarI racanA 'mantra mahodadhi' kA ullekha bRhat TippaNikA meM mantra mahodadhi prA0 digaMbara zrI durgadeva kRta gA0 36" rUpa se milatA hai 1. jo isa takka takkiya yama paMcaMga sahAgame / jogI sesamahIsa nIti kusalo zambha kaMThIravo / jo sita mapAratI (raNI) rasuNI tIre di pAraMgao, so devo siri saMjamAI muSio AsI iha bhUtale // 257 saMjAma iha tasma cAya cariyo gANaM buSoyaM maI, sIso desa jaI saMvohaNa paro dIseraNa- buddhAgamo / gAmeNaM siri dugadeva vihao vAgIsarA yannao, teNedaM raiyaM vimukha mahaNA satyaM mahatthaM phuDaM // 258 X X saMbandhara iMga sahase bolIna rAjya sIi-saMjute (1089) sAvaNa mukke yArasi diyahRmma mUla vikham // 260 siri kuMbharaNayara rahae lacchiNivAsa- riNavai-rajjammi | siri saMtilAi bhanaNe muzibhaviyassa ubhe ramme (1) // 261 X - mahAkavi puSpavanta kavi puSpadanta apane samaya ke prasiddha vidvAn kavi the| unhoMne uttarapurANa ke anta meM apanA paricaya nimna prakAra diyA hai, - siddhi vilAsinI ke manohara dUta, mugdhAdevI ke zarIra se saMbhUta, nirdhanoM aura dhaniyoM ko eka dRSTi se dekhane vAle, sAre jIvoM ke kAraNamitra, zabda salila se jinakA kAvya srota bar3hA huA hai, kezava ke putra, kAzyapa gotrI, sarasvatI vilAsI, sUne par3e hue gharoM aura deva kulikAoM meM rahane vAle, kali ke prabala pApapaTaloM se rahita, ye gharabAra, putra- kalatrahIna, nadiyoM vApikAzroM aura sarovaroM meM snAna karane vAle, purAne vastra aura balkala pahanane vAle, dhUla dhUsarita aMga, durjanoM ke saMga se dUra rahane vAle, jamIna para sone vAle aura apane hI hAthoM ko pror3hane vAle, paNDita paNDita maraNa kI pratIkSA karane vAle mAnyakheTa nagaravAsI, manameM arahaMtadeva kA dhyAna

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gvArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya karane vAle, bharatamantrI dvArA sammAnila, apane kAvya prabandha se logoM ko pulakita karane vAle, dho DAlA hai pAparUpa kIcar3a jisane aise abhimAna meru puSpadanta ne jina makti pUrvaka kAdhana saMvatsara meM mahApurANa kI racanA kii| puSpadanta ke pitA kA nAma kezava bhaTTa aura mAtA kA nAma mugdhAdevI thaa| yaha kAzyapa gotrI brAhmaNa the| inakA zarIra atyanta kRza (dubalA-patalA) aura varNa sAMvalA thA / yaha pahale bhava matAnuyAyI the| kintu bAda meM kisI digaMbara vidvAna ke sAnidhya se jainadharma kA pAlana karane lage the| be jainadharma ke bar3e zraddhAlu maura apanI kAvya kalA se bhavyoM ke citta ko anuraMjita karane vAle the| jainadharma ke siddhAntoM aura brAhamaNa dharma ke siddhAntoM ke viziSTa vidvAna the| prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASA ke mahApaNDita the| inakA apabhraMza bhASA para asAdhAraNa adhikAra thA / unakI kRtiyAM unake viziSTa vidvAna hone kI spaSTa sUcanA karatI haiN| kabivara bar3e svAbhimAnI aura ugra prakRti ke dhAraka the| isa kAraNa ve abhimAna meru, kahalAte the| abhimAna meru' abhimAna cinha kAvya ratnAkara kavi-kula-tilaka aura sarasvatI nilaya tathA kabi pizAca" Adi unakI upAdhiyAM thiiN| jinakA upayoga unhoMne apane granthoM meM svayaM kiyA hai| isase unake vyaktitva aura pratiSThA kA sahaja hI anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| ve sarasvatI ke vilAsI aura svAbhAvika kAvya-kalA ke premI the| inako kAvya-zakti apUrva aura mAzcaryajanaka thii| ve nissaMga the, unakI nissaMgatA kA paricaya mahAmAtya bharata ke prati kahe gae nimna vAkyo se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| ve mantrI bharata se kahate haiM ki-...maiM dhana ko tinake ke samAna ginatA huuN| maiM use nahIM letA / maiM to kevala akAraNa prema kA bhUkhA / aura isI se tumhAre mahala meM / merI kavitA to jinacaraNoM kI bhakti se hI skurAyamAna hotI hai, jIvikA nirvAha ke khyAla se nhiiN| puSpadanta bar3e bhArI sAmrAjya ke mahAmAtya bharata dvArA sammAnita the| bharata rASTrakuTa rAjAoM ke antima samrAT kRSNa tRtIya ke mahAmAtya the| kavi ne unheM 'mahayatta vaMsadhaya bar3a gahIru' likhA hai| bharata mAnavatA ke hAmI, vidvAnoM ke premI aura kavi kemAzraya dAtA the| ve unake pamIta vyavahAra se unake mahaloM meM nivAsa karate the| yaha saba unakI dharma vatsalatA kA prabhAva hai jo ukta kavi se mahAparANa jasA mahAna granya nirmANa karAne meM samartha hA ske| bharata mantrI ke divaMgata ho jAne ke bAda bhI kavi unake sapatra nanna ke mahala meM bhI rahe aura nAgakumAra carita yazodhara carita kI racanA kii| uttara purANa ke saMkSipta paricaya para se jJAta hotA hai ki ve bar3e nispRha aura alipta the, aura deha-bhogoM se sadA udAsIna rahate the / kavi ke uccatama jIvana-kaNoM se unakI nirmala bhadra prakRti, nissaMgatA aura aliptatA kA vaha citrapaTa hRdaya-paTala para aMkita hae vinA nahIM rhtaa| unakI isa prakicana vRtti kA mahA bhAtya bharata para bhI prabhAva par3A hai| dehabhogoM kI praliptatA unake jIvana kI mahattA kA sabase bar3A sabUta hai / yadyapi ve sAdha nahIM the, kintu unakI nirIhabhAvanA isa bAtakI saMdyotaka hai ki unakA jIvana eka sAdhu se kama bhI nahIM thA ve spaSTavAdI the aura ahaMkAra kI bhISaNatA se sadA dUra rahate the, paranta svAbhimAna kA parityAga karanA unheM kisI taraha bhI iSTa nahIM thaa| itanA hI nahIM kintu ve apamAna se matyu ko adhika zreSTha samajhate the / kavi kA samaya 1. dekho, uttara purANa prazasti 2. kasaNa sarIre suddhakurUveM mukhAravi gambha saMbhU / ' uttara pu0 prazasti 3. (ka) naM surasevi bhaNai ahimAyameru / ' mahApu0 saM0 1-3-12 (kha) NamAho maMpiri zivasatu saMtu, amiANa merU guNagaNa mahaMtu / / -mAga ku0 ca 0 1, 2, 2 4. vaya saMjutti utta masaMsi viyaliva saMki ahimANaki jasaharaca0 5-31 5. bho bho kesava taNraha evasara ruha muha kajna rayaNa rayaNA yaru / 6. taM ziraNeSi bharaheM vrata tAva, mo kaikulatilaya vimukkagAva / -mahA pu01.1 7. jiragacaraNa kamala bhattillaeraNa, tA jaMpiDa kamvapisahala enn| -mahApU0 1, 8, 8 8. ghaNu tapasamu maNina, Na taM gahaNu, geha miNakArima icchami / devi subha sudariNahi teNa haMDa, Nilae tuhAra e acchami // 20, uttarapu. 6. majha kahattaNu jiNa paya bhattihe, pasara gau zipa jIviya vittihe-uttarapu0

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254 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga aura 11vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdha hai| kyoMki unhoMne apanA mahApurANa siddhArthaM saMvatsara zaka saM881 meM prArambha kiyA thA / usa samaya melapATI yA melADi meM kRSNarAja maujUda the| taba puSpadanta melapATI meM mahAmAtya bharata se mile aura unake atithi hue aura unhoMne usI varSa meM mahApurANa zuru kara use zaka saM0 887 (san 165) vi0 saM0 1022 meM samApta kiyA / samaya vicAra mahAkavi puSpadanta barAra prAnta ke nivAsI the| kyoM ki unakI racanA meM mahArASTra bhASA ke aneka zabda pAye jAte haiN| jinakA upayoga usI deza meM hotA hai / paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne likhA hai ki ga0 vA0 tagAre ema.e. bI. TI. nAma ke vidvAna ne puSpadanta ko marAThI bhASA kA mahAkavi likhA hai / ora unakI racanAoM meM se aise bahuta se zabda cunakara batalAyeM haiM, jo prAcIna marAThI bhASA se milate julate haiN| mArkaNDeya ne apane 'prAkRta sarvasva' meM apabhraMza bhASA ke nAgara, upanAgara aura vAcaTa tIna bheda kiye hai| inameM vAcaTa ko lATa (gujarAta) aura vidarbha ( varAra) kI bhASA batalAyA hai| isameM puSpadatta ke granthoM kI bhASA vAcaTa honI cAhiye / puSpadanta ke samakAlIna rASTrakUTavaMza ke rAjA kRSNa tRtIya haiN| kavi puSpadanya ne svayaM apane grantha ke prArambha ke samaya tIsare kaDaka meM kRSNa rAja tRtIya kA melapATI meM rahane kA ullekha kiyA hai aura use coDa deza ke rAjA kA zira tor3ane vAlA likhA hai uaa jUD bhUbhaMga bhI toDedhviNu coDaho taNausIsu / bhukkarAma rAyAhirAu, jahiacchA tuDiMga mahANubhAu / taM vINadiNNadhaNa kaNaya payara, mahi pari bhamaMtu mepANiyaca // ve mahApratApI sArvabhauma rajA the| inake pUrvajoM kA sAmrAjya uttara meM narvadA nadI se lekara dakSiNa meM maisUra taka phailA huA thaa| jisameM sArA gujarAta, marAThI ma0 pra0 aura nijAma rAjya zAmila thaa| mAlavA aura bundelakhaNDa bhI unake prabhAva kSetra meM the| isa vistRta sAmrAjya ko kRSNa tRtIya ne aura bhI adhika bar3hAyA aura dakSiNa kA sArA antaropa bhI apane adhikAra meM kara liyA thaa| unhoMne lagabhaga 30 varSa rAjya kiyA hai| ve zaka saM0 861 ke grAsa-pAsa gaddI para baiThe hoNge| ve kumAra avasthA meM apane pitA ke jIte jI rAjya kArya saMbhAlane lage the / puSpadanta zaka saM0881 meM inhIM ke rAjya meM melapATI pahuMce the aura ve rAjA kRSNa kI mRtyu ke bAda bhI vahAM rahe haiN| kyoMki dhArA nareza harSadeva ne khoTiMga deva kI rAjyalakSmI ko lUTa liyA thaa| dhanapAla ne apanI 'pAyalacchI nAma mAlA' meM likhA hai ki vi0 saM0 1026 meM mAlava narendra meM mAnyakheTa ko lUTAra isakA samarthana udayapura ( gvAliyara) ke zilAlekha meM aMkita paramAra rAjAoM kI prazasti se bhI hotA hai / melapATI ke lUTe jAne para puSpadanta ko bhI usakA bar3A kheda huA aura unhoMne bhI usakA ullekha nimna padya meM kiyA hai dInAnAtha dhanaM sadAbahujanaM prosphulla vallocanaM / mAnyakheTapuraM puraMdarapurI loharaM sundaram / dhArAnAtha narendra kopa- zikhinA dagdhaM vidagdha priyaM / adara va kariSyati punaH zrI puSpavansaH kaviH / / zaka saM0 864 meM mAnyakheTa ke lUTa liye jAne ke bAda bhI puSpadanta vahAM rahe haiM / samaya samApta huA jaba mAnya veTa lUTA jA cukA thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki zaka saM0 kavi kA jasahacariu usa 81 se 874 taka 13 varSa 1. ukkuraDa- ukiraDA (dhUrA), gaMjolliya-gAMjalele (dukhI), vikkhilla-cikhala (kIcar3a ), tuSpa- tUpa (ghI), ke.Da pheDale (lauTAnA / bokkar3a bokaDa (bakarA ) Adi, dekho sahyAdri mAsika patra apraila 1949 kA aMka, pR0 252, 56 / 2. vikkamakAlassa gae atIsuttare sahassammi mAlavaNarida ghADIe luTie maNDakheDammi 276 3. zrI harSadeva iti khoTTigadeva lakSmI, jagrAha yo munigAdasamapratApaH ||

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t gyArahyoM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya 255 kavi mAnyakheTa meM rahe, usake bAda ve kitane varSa taka jIvita rahe, yaha nizcita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / para mAnya beTa kI lUTa se koI 15 varSa ke lagabhaga saM0 2044 meM budha hariSeNa ne apanI dharma parIkSA bnaaii| usameM puSpadanta kA ullekha kiyA hai / usa samaya puSpadanta kAphI prasiddha ho cuke the / isI se unhoMne likhA hai ki-- puSpadanta jaise manuSya thor3e hI haiM unheM sarasvatI devI kabhI nahIM chor3atI-sA rahI hai kavi ne grantha meM dhavala-jayadhavala grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai| jinasenAcArya ne apane guruvIrasena dvArA adhUrI chor3I huI jayadhavalA TIkA ko zaka saM0 753 meM rASTra kUTa rAjA amodha varSa prathama ke rAjya samaya samApta kI thI / zrataH puSpadanta ukta saMvat ke bAda hue haiN| aura hariSeNa ne apanI dharma parIkSA vi0 saM0 1044 zaka saM0 606 meM samApta kI hai kavi ne apane granthoM meM tuDigu, zubhatuMga, vallabha narendra aura kavharAya nAma se kRSNarAja (tRtIya) kA ullekha kiyA hai / mAnyakheTa ko amogha varSa prathama ne zaka saM0 737 meM pratiSThita kiyA thA / puSpadanta ne mAnyakheTa nagarI ko kRSNarAja kI hAtha kI talavAra rUpI jalavAhanI se durgama, aura jisake dhavala grahoM ke zikhara meghAvalI se TakarAne vAle likhA hai| isa saba vivecana parase puSpadanta kA samaya zaka saM0 850 se 864 se bAda taka rahA pratIta hotA hai arthAt ve IsA kI baghavI aura vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke purvArdha ke vidvAn haiM / racanAeM afa puSpadanta kI tIna racanAeM mere sAmane haiM- mahApurANa, nAgakumAra caritra aura jasahara cariu / mahApurANa - do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai- AdipurANa aura uttarapurANa AdipurANa meM 37 saMdhiyAM haiM jinameM Adi brahmA RSibhadeva kA carita varNita hai| aura uttarapurANa kI 65 sandhiyoM meM avaziSTa teIsa tIrthakaroM, huzrA hai / 12 cakravartIyoM, navanArAyaNa, nava pratinAyaNa aura balabhadrAdi tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA kathAnaka diyA jisameM rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI kathAeM bhI saMkSipta meM A jAtI haiN| donoM bhAgoM kI kula sandhiyAM eka sau do haiM, jinakI anumAnika zloka saMkhyA vIsa hajAra se kama nahIM hai| mahApuruSoM kA kathAnaka atyanta vizAla hai aura aneka janmoM kI avAntara kathAoM ke kAraNa aura bhI vistRta ho gayA hai| isase kathA sUtra ko samajhane evaM grahaNa karane meM kaThinatA kA anubhava hotA hai / kathAnaka vizAla aura vizRMkhala hone para bhI bIca-bIca meM diye hue kAvyamaya sarasa evaM sundara AlyAnoM se vaha hRdaya grAhya ho gayA hai| janapadoM, nagaroM aura grAmoM kA varNana sundara huA hai / kavi ne mAnava jIvana ke sAtha sambaddha upamAoM kA prayoga kara varNanoM ko atyanta sajIva banA diyA hai| rasa praura alaMkAra yojanA ke sAtha pada vyaMjanA bhI sundara bana par3I hai sAtha hI aneka subhASitoM vAgvArAoM se grantha rocaka tathA sarasa bana gayA hai / granthoM meM dezI bhASA ke aise aneka zabda prayukta hue haiM jinakA prayoga vartamAna hindI meM bhI pracalita hai / kavi ne yaha grantha siddhArtha saMvat meM zurU kiyA aura krodhana saMvatsara kI prASAr3ha zuklA dazamI ke dina zaka saMvat 87 (vi0 saM0 1022) meM samApta kiyaa| ukta grantha rASTrakUTa vaMza ke antima samrATa kRSNa tRtIya ke mahAmAtya bhArata ke anurodha se banA hai| grantha kI saMdhi puSpakAoM ke svataMtra saMskRtapadyoM meM bharata prazaMsA aura maMgala kAmanA kI gaI hai| the / mahAmAtya bharata saba kalAoM aura vidyArthIoM meM kuzala the, prAkRta kaviyoM kI racanAoMoM para mugdha unhoMne sarasvatI rUpI surabhikA dUdha jo piyA thA / lakSmI unheM cAhatI thI, ve satya pratijJa aura nirmatsara the 1. gupta rAtri mAsu bumbai, jo sarasaie kayAtri Na muccai // dharma parIkSA prazasti 2. jaiTTA viu suttau sIha keraNa - sotehue siMha ko kisane jgaayaa| mA bhaMguvara maraNa jIviu-apamAnita hokara jIne se matyu bhalI hai / ko taM sai ziDAlas lihiu -- mastaka para likhe ko kauna meMTa sakatA hai / 3. kapaDa = kapar3A, avase avazya haTTa hATa (bAjAra ) tode thoMda (udara) lIha rekhA (loka), caMga - acchA, Darabhava, DAla =zokhA, lukka lukanA (pinA) Adi aneka zabda haiM jina para vicAra karane se hindI ke vikAsa kA patA calatA hai| 4. koharaNa saMvAra AsAuda, dahamaI diyahi caMda rUDha / - uttara purANa prazasti /

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jaina dharma kA prAvIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 yuddhoM kA bojha Dhote-hote janake kandhe ghisa gaye the, unhoMne aneka yuddha kiye the| ke kRSNarAja ke senApati aura dAna maMtrI bhI the| ve kaviyoM ke liye kAmadhena, dIna-dukhiyoM kI prAzA pUrI karane vAle, cAroM ora prasiddha, parastrI parAGmukha, saccaritra unnatamati praura sujanoM ke uddhAraka the| unakA raMga sAMvalA thA, unakI bhujAeM hAthI ko sUMDa ke samAna thIM, aGga suDaula netra sundara aura ve sadA prasanna mukha rahate the| bharata bahuta hI udAra aura dAno the| bharata ne puSpadanta se mahApurANako racanA karAkara apanI korti ko cirasthAyI bnaayaa| pAya kumAra cariu (nAga kumAra carita)- yaha eka choTA-sA khaNDa kAvya hai| isameM hasandhiyAM haiN| jinameM paMcamI vrata ke upavAsa kA phala batalAne vAlA nAga kumAra kA carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai, racanA sundara-pror3ha aura hRdaya-drAvaka hai aura use kavi ne citrita kara kaNTha kA bhuSaNa banA diyA hai| grantha meM tAtkAlika sAmAjika paristhiti kA bhI varNana hai / grantha kI racanA bharata mantrI ke putra nanna ko preraNA se huI hai| nanna ko yazodhara carita meM 'vallabha narendra gRha mahattara'-vallabha narendra kA gRha mantrI likhA hai / nanna apane pitA ke suyogya uttarAdhikArI the aura ve kavi kA apane pitA ke samAna Adara karate the| ve prakRti se saumya the, unakI kIrti sAre loka meM phailI huI thii| unhoMne jina mandira banavAe the| ve jina caraNoM ke bhramara the, aura jinapUjA meM nirata rahate the, jina zAsana ke uddhAraka the, muniyoM ko dAna dete the, pAparahita the, bAharI aura bhotarI zatrayoM ko jItane vAle the, dayAvAn dInoM ke zaraNa rAjalakSmI ke zrITA sarobara, mAmAhI . niyA, aura tamAma vidvAnoM ke sAtha vidyA-vinoda meM nirata evaM zuddha hRdaya the|" 1. ........................." posesakalA vibhaNANakusalu / pAyapakai kavvarasAvaubu-saMpIya sarAsaha surahi dubu / / kamalacchu amaccharu saccasaMdhu, raNabhara ghura dharaNagghuThalaMbhu / 2. soyaM zrI bharataH kalaMka rahitaH kAntaH savatsaH zuciH / sajyotirmanirAkaro plutaivAnayo gunnbhaaste| vaMzo yena pavitratAmiha mahAmAtyAyaH prAptavAn / zrImadallabharAja zaktikaTake yazcAbhavanAyakaH / / pra0 palo046 hai ho bhanna pracaNDAvani pati bhavane tyAga saMsthAna kartA, koyaM zyAmaH pradhAnaH pravarakarikarAkArabAhuH prasannaH / panyaH pAleya piNDopamadhaSalavazo dhautadhAtrItalAntaH / sthAto bandhuH kavInAM bharata iti kathaM pAnya jAnAsi no tvam ||pr0 zlo0 15 3. savilAsa vilAsiNi hiyahayeNu supasiddha mahAkai kAmadhe / kANIpadIeparipUriyAsu jasapasarapasAhiya dasadisAsu / para ramaNi parammuha suddhasIlu upAyamA-suyAdharaNalIlu / / 4. zyAmaruci nayana subhagaM lAvaNya prAyamaMgamAdAya / bharatacchalena samprati kAmaH kAmAkRtimupetaH / / pra0 zlo0 20 5. suhatugabhavaraNavAbAra bhAra riNavyahaNa vIradhavalassa / koMDillagottaNahasasaharassa payaIe somassa / / 1 kuMda vAgambha samubhavAsa siri bharata bhaTTataNayassa / jasa pasara bhariya bhuvaNoyarassa jiNacaraNa kamala bhasalasya / / 2 aNavaraya raiya varajiraNaharassa jiNabhavaraNapUya riNaramassa / jiNa sAsaNAyamuzAraNassa muNidiNNadANassa // 3 bhAgaku. 50

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 257 . puSpadanta ne eka prazasti padya meM nanna ko unake putroM ke sAtha prasanna rahane kA AzIrvAda diyA hai| para unake nAmoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| jasaharapariu yaha bhI eka khaNDa kAvya hai, jisakI cAra sandhiyoM meM rAjA yazodhara aura unakI mAtA candramatI kA kathAnaka diyA huA hai| jo sundara aura cittAkarSaka hai| rAjA yazodhara kA yaha carita itanA lokapriya rahA hai ki usa para aneka vidvAnoM ne saMskRta apabhraza aura hindI bhASA meM aneka grantha likhe haiN| somadeva, vAdirAja. vAsavasena sakalakIrti, zrutasAgara, pAnAbha, mANikAyadeDa, pUrNa delA, kabiraina, somakIrti, vizvabhUSaNa aura kSamAkalyANa Adi aneka digambara, zvetAmbara vidvAnoM ne grantha likhe haiN| isa grandha meM saM0 1365 meM kucha kathana, rAula ora kaula kA prasaMga, vivAha aura bhavAMtara pAnIpata ke vosala sAhu ke anurodha se kanhaDa ke putra gandhayaM ne banAkara zAmila kiyA thaa| yaha grantha bhI bharata ka putra aura ballabhanarendra ke gRhamantrI ke liye unhIM ke mahala meM rahate hae likhA gayA thaa| isI se kavi ne pratyeka saMdhi ke anta meM 'NaNNa kaNNAbharaNa' vizeSaNa diyA hai| isa grantha meM yUddha aura laTake samaya mAnyakheTa kI jo durdazA ho gaI thI-vahA~ duSkAla par3A thA, loga bhUkhoM mara rahe the, jagaha-jagaha nara kaMkAla par3e hue the, yaha laTa zaka saM0 814 / vi0 saM0 1026 meM huI thI 1 kavi ne usa samaya mAnyakheTa kI durdazA kA citraNa kiyA hai| jAna par3atA hai kavi usa samaya nanna ke hI mahala meM rahate the| kavi uDDA kavi uDDhA-saMskRta bhASA ke acche vidvAn aura kavi the| yaha cittaur3a ke nivAsI the| inake pitA kA nAma zrIpAla thA / inakI jAti prArabATa poravAr3a) thii| yaha poravAr3a jAti ke vaNika the| inakI eka mAtra kRti saMskRta paMcasaMgraha hai, jo prAkRta paMcasaMgraha kI gAthAnoM kA anuvAda hai| mAthura saMgha ke prAcArya amita pati ne vi0 saM0 1073 meM saMskRta paMcasaMgraha kI racanA kI hai| donoM paMcasaMgrahoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki donoM meM atyadhika samAnatA hai| pamitagati ne huDaDA ke paMcasaMgraha ko sAmane rakhakara apanA paMcasaMgraha banAyA hai| amitagati ke paMcasaMgraha meM aise bhI padya upalabdha hote haiM jisameM thor3A-sA zabda parivartana mAtra pAyA jAtA hai| kucha aise bhI pAye jAte haiM jinakA rUpAntarita hone para bhI bhAvArtha vahI hai| usameM koI antara nahIM pAtA / amitagati ke paMcasaMgraha se DaDDhA ke paMcasaMgraha meM kucha vaiziSTaya bhI pAyA jAtA hai| uDadAna meM jahAM prAkRta gAthAoM kA anuvAda mAtra hai vahAM amitagati ke paMcasaMgraha meM anAvazyaka atirikta kathana bhI upalabdha hotA hai| kaI sthaloM para amitagati ke paMcasaMgraha kI apekSA iDDhA ke paMcasaMgraha kI racanA adhika sundara huI hai| DaDaDhA ko racanA prAkRta mUlagAthAtroM ke adhika samIpa hai| vaha padyAnuvAda mUlAnugAsI hai| kali mala kalaMka parivajjiyassa jiya duviha bahariNiyassa / kAruNNakaMdaNaSa jalaharamsa dINa jaNa saraNassa // 4 zivalacchI kIlA saravarassa vAesari riNavAsassa / gissesabiusa vijjAviNoya girayassa suddha hiyayassa ||5-naagkumaar parita prazasti 1. sa zrImAnniha bhUtale saha sutarnannAbhidho nandatAt -yazodhara02 2. zrI citrakUTa vAstavya prAgvATavarigajA kRte / zrIpAla suta iDDee sphuTaH prakRti saMgrahaH / / 3. vacanahetubhIH rUpaH sarvendriyabhayAva hai| jugupsAmizca bIbhatra naiva kSAyikaraka calet / / 223

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 samaya- amitagati ne apanA paMcasaMgraha vi0 saM0 1073 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai, ataH uDDhA kI racanA usase pUrvavartI hai| DaDDhA ne amRtacandra ke tattvArthasAra kA uddharaNa diyA hai| zrAcArya amRtacandra kA samaya vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI hai / ataH DaDhDhA amRtacandra ke bAda ke vidvAn haiN| cUMki DaDDhA ke paMcasaMgraha kA eka padya jayasena ke dharmaratnAkara meM udhdRta pAyA jAtA hai| dharmaratnAkara kA racanA kAla saM0 1055 haiM / ataH uDDhA kA paMcasaMgraha 1055 se pahale banA hai| isase vaha vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha kI racanA hai| brahmadeva kI dravya saMgraha kI gAthA 42 kI TIkA pR0 177 meM uDDhA ke paMcasaMgraha ke 226 aura 230 nambara ke padya pAye jAte haiN| isase paMcasaMgraha meM dravya saMgraha kI TIkA se pahale bana cukA thA / 258 paMDita pravacanasena paMDita pravacana sena - inakA ullekha lADa bAgaDagaNa zrIra balAtkAragaNa ke vidvAn zrInandhAcArya satkavi ke ziSya the zrIcandra muni ne paMDita pravacanasena se padmacarita sunakara usakA TippaNa dhArA nagarI meM saM0 1087 meM banAyA thA / isase spaSTa hai ki paMDita pravacanasena usa samaya dhArA meM hI nivAsa karate the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI hai / inhoMne kina granthoM kI racanA kI yaha kucha jJAta nahIM ho sakA / zAntinAtha zAntinAtha - isake pitA govindarAja, bhAIkannapAyeM aura guru vardhamAna vratI the| jinamatAmbhojinI rAjahaMsa, sarasvatI mukha mukara, sahaja kavi, catura kavi, nissahAya kavi zrAdi inake viruda haiN| zaka saM0 660 ke giripura ke 136 veM zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha bhuvanaM kamalla (1068-1076 taka) parAjita lakSma nRpati kA maMtrI thaa| isake upadeza se lakSya nRpati ne baligrAma meM zAntinAtha bhagavAna kA mandira banavAyA thaa| isa lekha meM kavi ke 'sukumAra carita' grantha kA ullekha milatA hai / kavi kA samaya bhI san 1068 se 1076 taka sunizcita hai / indrakofa indrakIrti -- kauNDakundAnvaya dezI gaNa ke AcArya the| inakI aneka upAdhiyAM thiiN| ko galivaMjibellArI ke zaka saM0 977 san 1055 (vi0 saM0 1112) ke lekha meM, jo cAlukya samrATa trailokya malla ke rAjya kAla kA hai| isa mandira kA nirmANa gaMgavaMza ke rAjA durvinIta ne kiyA thaa| lekha ke samaya zrAcArya indrakIrti ne mandira ko kucha dAna diyA thaa| (iNDiyana eNTIkverI 55 san 1926 0 74) guNasena paMDitadeva prastuta guNasena paMDita dravila gaNa ke nandisaMgha tathA mahAmaruGgalAmnAya ke guru puSpasena vratIndra ke ziSya the / Agama rUpI amRta ke gahare samudra the / vyAkaraNa zrAgama aura tarka meM nipuNa the / yaha mullUra ke nivAsI the| aura poysala ke guru the / poysalAcAri ke putra mANika posalAcAri ne yaha basadi banavAI aura zaka varSa 684 zubhakRta saMvatsara meM phAlguna zuddha paMcamI budhavAra rohiNI nakSatra meM bhagavAna kI pratiSThA kI tathA tirunandIvara ke kAla meM dAna dekara guNasena paMDitadeva ko sauMpa diyaa| lekha cUMki zaka saM0 684 san 1062 I0 kA hai| inhoMne san 1050 ke lagabhaga dharma ke taura para 'nAgakUpa' nAma kA eka kuvA mullUra grAma ke vAste khudavAyA thA (epi grA0 iMDikA ku inakRpsansa naM0 42 ) ( lekha naM0 202 pRSTha 284 ) zaka saM0 680 (1058 I0) meM mullUra kA yaha zilAlekha likhA gayA / isameM likhA hai ki rAjendra gAlva ne usa vasti ke liye dAna diyA jo usake pitA ne banavAI thI / rAjAdhirAja kI mAtA poJcarasi ne guNasena ko dAna diyA / ( kurga inskRpsansa 1914 naM0 35) zaka saM0 686 (1064 I0) meM mullUra kA yaha zilA lekha utkIrNa huA, jisameM guNasena kI mRtyu kA

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: bhArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya ullekha hai / ( kurga inakRpsansa san 19640 34 gopanandI gopanandi-- yaha mUlasaMdha, deziya gaNa aura vakragaccha ke devendra siddhAnta deva ke samakAlIna ziSya the / yaha catukhadeva isaliye kahalAye, kyoMki inhoMne cAroM dizAoM kI ora mukha karake ATha-ATha dina ke upavAsa kiye the / prastuta gopanandIzradvitIya kavi aura naiyAyika the, inake sammukha koI vAdI nahIM Thahara sakatA thA / inhoMne ghUTa jaisa vidvAn kI jihvA ko bhI banda kara diyA thaa| parama tapasvI, vasudhaiva kuTumba, jaina- zAsanAmvara ke pUrNacandra, sakalAgamavedI aura guNaratna vibhUSita the / dezIya gaNa ke agraNI the aura vratIndra the / inake rAdhamAM dhArAdhipa bhojarAja dvArA pUjita prabhAcandra the / hoyasala nareza ereyaMga ne zaka saM0 1015 san 1063 (vi0 saM0 1950) meM ukta gopanandI ko jIrNoddhAra Adi kAryoM ke liye do grAma dAna meM diye the| 1 256 ( vRSabhanandI -- jItasAra samuccaya ke kartA ) yaha nandanandI ke vatsa aura zrInandI ke caraNa kamaloM ke bhramara the / gurudAsa bhI unhIM ke ziSya the / jinheM tIkSNamati zrara 'sarasvatIsunu' prakaTa kiyA hai| jaisA ki grantha prazasti ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai ! zrInanvi nandivatsaH zrImandI gurupadAja SaTcaraNaH / zrIguruvAsa naMdhAttIkSNamatiH zrI sarasvatIsUnuH // 5 // vRSabhanandI ne ukta naMda naMdI munirAja ko zAstrArthajJa, paMka dhArI, tapAMka siddhAMtajJa, sevya aura gaNeza jaise vizeSaNoM ke sAtha smRta kiyA hai| inake cAra ziSyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, parantu unake eka pramukha ziSya gurudAsAcArya bhI the| tandanandI ke ziSyoM meM apane se pUrvavartI do gurubhAiyoM zrI kIti aura zrI nandI kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / aura apane uttaravartI eka guru bhAI harSanandI kA anurUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| jisane grantha kI sundara pratilipi taiyAra kI thii| vRSabhanandI ne kauNDakundAcArya ke jItasAra kA samyak prakAra avadhAraNa kiyA thA, isI kAraNa unhoMne apane ko 'jItasArAmbupAyI' (jItasAra rUpa zramRta kA pAna karane vAlA ) prakaTa kiyA hai| kunda kundAcArya kA yaha grantha jIrNa-zIrNa rUpa meM mAnyakheTa meM siddhAntabhUSaNa nAma ke saMddhAntika munirAja ne eka maMjUSA meM dekhA thA / aura prArthanA karake prApta kiyA thA, aura use pAkara ve sabharI sthAna ko cale gae the| unhoMne vRSabhanandI ke hitArtha usakI vyAkhyA kI thI, jisakA jItasAra samuccaya meM anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| zrA0 zrabhayanandI bhandI vibudhaguNanandI ke ziSya the| yaha apane samaya ke samasta muniyoM ke dvArA mAnya vidvAn the / inhoMne jainadharma ke viSaya meM paramparAgata zravarNavAdoM--mithyA pravAdoM ko dUra kiyA thaa| inake dvArA jaina dharma kI bar3I prabhAvanA huI thii| ye samudra kI bhAMti gaMbhIra evaM sUrya kI taraha tejasvI the / atyanta guNI aura medhAvI the| ve bhavya jIvoM ke eka mAtra bandhu tathA udbodhaka the| jaisA ki candraprabhacarita prazasti ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai :"munijananutapAdaH prAstamithyApravAdaH sakalaguNasamRddhastasya ziSyaH prasiddhaH / 1 zrabhavad abhayanandI jainadharmAbhinandI, svamahimajitasindhurbhavya lokabandhuH || " 1. jaina zilAlekha saM0 bhAga 1 pR0 117 2. (eka grAphiyA karNATakA ji0 5, 3. anuja zrI harSa naMdinA sulikhya jIta sAra zAstrajvalodRdhu taM dhvAjApate (jota samuccayasAra ajamera bhaMDAra prati)

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 inake ziSya vIra nandI the, jo candraprabhacarita ke kartA haiN| inake dUsare ziSya indranandI bhI the / gommaTasAra ke kartA nemicacandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne bhI abhayanandI ko apanA guru mAnA hai aura unheM namaskAra kiyA hai, NamiNa abhayadi' 'abhayadi vaccheNa' jaise vAkyoM dvArA abhayanandi kA spaSTa ullekha kiyA hai| inakA samaya vikrama ko dazavIM zatAbdI kA upAntya aura 11vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa hai / 260 vIranandi siddhAnta cakravartI vIranandi siddhAnta cakravartI - nandisaMgha aura dezIya gaNa ke zrAcArya the| yaha muni vibudha guNanandi ke praziSya aura abhayanandi ke ziSya the / jo muniyoM ke dvArA bandanIya the | aura jinhoMne mithyApravAda ko vinaSTa kiyA thA / sampUrNa guNoM meM samRddha the, aura bhavya logoM ke advitIya bandhu the| inake ziSya vIranandI bhavya jana rUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle, sUrya ke samAna tejasvI, guNoM ke dhAraka the aura jinhoMne sampUrNa vAGamaya ko adhIna kara liyA thaa| ve kutakoM ko nAza karane vAle prakhyAta kIrti the ! bhavyAmbhoja Sibodhanodyatamate bhAsvatsamAna tviSaH, ziSyastasya guNAkarasya sudhiyaH zrIvIranambItyabhUta / svAdhInA khila vADa.mayasya bhuvanaprakhyAta kItaH satA, saMsatsu vyajayanta yasya jayino vAcaH kutarkAGka zA // 4 eka gAthA meM batalAyA gayA hai ki jinake caraNa prasAda se vIranandI indranandI ziSya ananta saMsAra se pAra ho gae una abhayanandI guru ko namaskAra hai / gommaTasAra ke kartA nemicandra siddhAnta candravartI ne bhI indranandi ko abhayanandi aura vIranandI ko apanA guru batalAyA hai| prabhayanandI ke cAra ziSya the / vIranandI, indranandi, kanakanandI zrI nemicandra nemicandra ne apane ko yadi kA ziSya sUcita kiyA hai| micandra ne abhayanandI ke sAtha indranandi guru ko bhI namaskAra kiyA hai aura zrutasAgara kA pAra karane vAlA vidvAn sUcita kiyA hai / vIranandI viziSTa dArzanika aura pratibhA sampanna kavi the| ApakI ekamAtra kRti candraprabhacarita kAvya hai / isa grantha kI kathA vastu kA zrAdhAra uttara purANa hai| bIra nandI ne uttara purANa ke anusAra hI AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha ke caritra kA citraNa kiyA hai / yaha grantha 18 sargoM meM vibhakta hai| jisakI zloka saMkhyA 1691 hai / antima prazasti ke 6 zloka usase bhinna haiM / yaha kAvya zRMgAra, vIra, bIbhatsa, bhayAnaka aura zAntAdi rasoM tathA upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, arthAnsara nyAsa aura atizayokti Adi alaMkAroM se anusyUta hai| racanA sarasa aura prasAda guNa se bharapUra hai / kRti meM kavi ne usake racanA kAla Adi kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA, isa kAraNa grantha ke racanA kAla kA nizcita ullekha to nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / kintu AcArya vAdirAja ne apane pArzvanAtha carita meM (zaka saM0 647 san 1025) meM candraprabhacarita aura usake racayitA vIranandI kA smaraNa kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki san 1025 (vi0 saM0 1082 ) se pUrva candraprabhacarita kI racanA ho cukI thii| aba yaha vicAraNIya hai ki vaha kitane pahale huI hogI / vaha vi0 saM0 1025 ke lagabhaga kI racanA jAna par3atI hai| arthAt ve 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdhaM ke vidvAn haiM / 1. sa tacchayojyeSThaH zizira kara somyaH samabhavat / pravikhyAta nAmnA vibudhaguNa nandIti bhuvane // candra prabhacarita prazasti 2. jasya pAya pasAeNa saMtasaMsAra janahi muttiSNe / 3. idi mibaMda muziNA abhyasudeza bhayaradi acche 4. rAmikaNa abhayadi sudasAyara pAramidaM gaMdi guru / baravIranaMdizAhaM paDIM paccayaM bocchaM // 765 5. candra prabhAsi rAmvaddhA rasa puSTa manaH priyA kumadvatIya no dhatte bhAratI vIranandinaH // 30 -- pArzvanAtha carite vAMdirAja vIridaMdi vaccho namAmi taM prabhayAMdi guru / raiyo tiloyasAro khamaMtu taM bahu sudAyariyA // go0 ka0 436 trilokasAra

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adhArahavIM aurabArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI prastuta nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI mUlasaMpa dezIyagaNa ke vidvAna abhayanandI ke ziSya the / inhoMne svayaM apane ko abhayanandI kA ziSya sUcita kiyA hai| abhayanandI usa samaya ke bar3e saiddhAntika vidvAna the / unake vIranandI, aura indranandI bhI ziSya the| ye donoM nemicandra ke jyeSTha gurubhAI dhe| isa kAraNa unhoMne unako bhI guru tulya mAnakara namaskAra kiyA hai aura unakA apane ko ziSya bhI batalAyA hai / nemicandra ne apane eka guru kanakanaMdI kA ullekha kiyA hai / aura likhA hai ki unhoMne indranandI ke pAsa se sakala siddhAnta ko sunakara 'satvasthAna' kI racanA kI hai|3 isa satvasthAna prakaraNa ko unhoMne gommaTasAra karmakANDa ke tIsare satvasthAna adhikAra meM prAya: jyoM kA tyoM apanAyA hai| yaha grantha "vistarasatvatribhaMgI nAma se jaina siddhAnta bhavana pArA meM vidyamAna hai| mere saMgraha kI tIna patrAtmaka prati meM isakA nAma 'vizeSasattA tribhaMgI' diyA hai / nemicandra gaMmavaMzIya rAjA rAcamalla ke pradhAna mantrI aura senApati cAmuNDarAya ke samakAlIna the| yaha atyanta prabhAvazAlI aura siddhAntazAstra ke marmajJa vidvAn the| inhoMne gommaTasAra kI 397 gAthA meM likhA hai ki jisa prakAra cakravartI SaT khaNDa pRthvI ko apane vAsanAdhIna parata hai, isI kAragane mati cakra se SaT, khaNDAgama ko siddha kara apanI isa kRti meM bhara diyA hai / saMbhavata: isI saphalatA ke kAraNa unheM siddhAnta cakravartI kI upAdhi prApta haI ho| cAmuNDarAya ajita'senAcArya ke ziSya the| cAmuNDarAya ne nemindra kA bhI ziSyatva grahaNa kiyA thA / cAmuNDarAya ko preraNA se nemicandra ne gommaTasAra kI racanA kI thii| mommaTa cAmuNDarAya kA gharunAma thaa| jo marAThI tathA kannar3o bhASA meM prAyaH uttama, sandara, prAkarSaka, evaM prasanna karane vAlA jaise arthoM meM vyavahuta hotA hai | aura rAya unakI upAdhi thii| cAmuNDa rAya ke isa 'gommaTa' nAma ke kAraNa hI unake dvArA banavAI huI bAhubalI kI mUrti 'gommaTezvara' tathA 'gommaTadeva' jaise nAmoM se prasiddhi ko prApta huI hai| unhIM ke nAma kI pradhAnatA ko lekara anya kA nAma 'gommaTasAra' diyA gayA hai| jisakA artha gommaTa ke liye khIMcA gayA pUrva ke (SaT vaNDAgama tathA dhavalAdi) granthoM kA sAra / isI prAzaya ko lekara grantha kA 'gommadasaMgraha sUtra' nAma diyA gayA hai| jaisA ki karmakANDa kI nimna gAthA se prakaTa hai gommaTa-saMgrahasattaM gommaTa sihasvari gommaTa jiNo ya / gommaTarAyaviNimmiya-vakkhiNa kukkuDajiNo jyu||968 isa gAthA meM tIna kAryoM kA ullekha karate hue unhIM kA jayaghoSaNa kiyA gayA hai| inhIM tIna kAryoM meM bAmaDarAya kI khyAti hai aura ve haiM-1 gommaTa saMgraha sUtra 2 gommaTa jina aura dakSiNa kukkuTajina / gommaTasaMgraha satra kA artha gommaTa ke liye kiyA gayA sAra rUpa saMgraha graMtha gommaTasAra / gommaTa jina pada kA abhiprAya neminAya bhagavAna kI usa eka hAtha pramANa indranIlamaNi kI pratimA se hai jise gommaTarAya ne banavAkara gommaTa-zikharacandragiri para sthita apane maMdira (basti) meM sthApita kiyA thA / aura jisake sambandha meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki vaha maTAyaviNimisaharUvari gomanamna mAthA se , - 1. idi raNemicaMda muNiNANappasu deNAbhayadi vaccheNa / raiyo tiloyasAro khamaMtu bahu sadAiripA / 2. miUNa abhavaNaMdi suda-sApara pAragidaNadinuru / baravIraNadipAhaM payaDINaM pazcaya vocchaM ||785-go.k. Namaha guNarayaNabhUsapa siddhatAmiya mahaddhi bhavabhAva / vara boraNaMdicaMdaM himmalaguNa midadi guru // 876 go kA vIridaNaMdi vaccheNa ppasudeNabhayaNaMdi sissenn| dasaNacarittaladdhI su sUyiyA micadeza ||64 labdhisAra 3. para idaNadi guruNo pAse soUNa sabala siddhataM / sirikaraNayadi guruNA sattaTThAddhaM samudiLeM // 396 go0 ke. 4. jaha cakkezAya pakkI chapakhaMDa sAhiyaM avigheNa / taha maicakkeNa mayA chakkhaI sAhiyaM sammaM // 395 yo kA 1. dekho, manekAnta varSa 4 kiraNa 3-4 meM DA. e. ena. upAdhye ko gAmpaTa' nAmaka lekha

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262 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 2 pahale cAmuNDarAya vasti meM maujada thii| parantu bAda ko mAlama nahIM kahAM calI gii| usake sthAna para neminAtha kI eka-dUsarI pAMca phuTa kI unnata pratimA anyatra se lAkara virAjamAna kara dI gaI hai, jo apane lekha para se ecana ke banavAe hue mandira kI mAlUma hotI hai| aura dakSiNa kukkuTa jina' bAhubalI kI prasiddha evaM vizAla usa mUrti kA hI nAmAntara hai| yaha nAma anuzruti athavA kathAnaka ko liye hue hai / usakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki podanapura meM bharata cakravartI ne bAhubalI kI unhIM kI zarIrAkRti jaisI mUrti banavAI tho, jo kukkuTa sapoM se vyApta ho jAne ke kAraNa usakA darzana durlabha ho gayA thaa| usI ke anurUpa yaha mUrti dakSiNa meM didhyagiri para sthApita kI gaI hai aura uttara kI usa mUrti se bhinnatA batalAne ke liye ho ise dakSiNa vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| isase yaha bAta spaSTa ho gaI ki gommaTa bAhubalI kA nAma na hokara cAmuNDarAya kA gharu nAma thaa| aura unake dvArA nirmita hone ke kAraNa mati kA nAma bhI 'gommaTezvara yA gommaTa deva' prasiddha ho gyaa| prAcArya nemicandra ne cAmuNDarAya dvArA nirmApita zravaNa velagolA meM sthita gommaTa svAmI bAhubalI kI adbhuta vizAla mUrti kI pratiSThA caitra zuklA paMcamI ravivAra 22 mArca san 1028 meM kI thii| yaha mUrti apanI kalAtmakatA aura vizAlatA meM vizva meM atulanIya hai| usake darzana mAtra se mAtmA apUrva prAnanda ko pAtA hai| mUrti atyanta darzanIya hai| rakhanA AcArya nemicandra si.cakravartI kI nimna kRtiyAM prakAzita haiN| gommaTasAra, labdhisAra, kSapaNAsAra triloksaar| gommaTasAra-eka saiddhAntika grantha hai, jisameM jIvasthAna, kSudrabandha, bandhasvAmitva, vedanAkhaNDa, aura vargaNAkhaNDa, ina pAMca viSayoM kA varNana hai| isa kAraNa isakA prapara nAma paMcasaMgraha bhI hai / gommaTasAra grantha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / jIvakANDa aura karmakANDa / jIvakANDa-meM 733 gAthAe~ hai jisameM guNasthAna, jIvasamAsa, paryApti, prANa, saMjJA, caudahamArgaNA pora upayoga' ! ina bIsa prarUpaNAnoM dvArA jIva kI aneka avasthAoM aura bhAvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| abhedavivakSA se ina bIsa prarUpaNAoM kA antarbhAva guNasthAna aura mArgaNA ina do prarUpaNAmoM meM ho jAtA haiM kyoMki mArgaNAoM meM hI jIbasamAsa, paryApti, prANa saMjJA aura upayoga inakA antarbhAva ho sakatA hai| isaliye do prarUpaNaeM kahI haiN| kintu bhedavivakSA se 20 prarUpaNAeM kahI gaI haiN| karmakANDa-meM 172 gAthAeM haiM, jinameM prakRti samutkIrtana, bandhodaya, satvAdhikAra, satvasthAnabhaMga, vicalikA sthAna samutkIrtana, pratyayAdhikAra, bhAvacUlikA aura karma sthiti racanA nAmaka nau adhikAroM meM karma ko vibhinna avasthAmoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| TIkAeM--gommaTasAra grantha para chaha TIkAeM upalabdha haiN| eka abhayacandrAcArya kI saMskRtaTIkA 'mandaprabodhikA jo jIvakApaDa kI 383naM0 kI gAthA taka hI pAI jAtI hai, zeSa bhAga para banI yA nahIM; isakA koI nizcaya nahIM / dUsarI, kezavavarNI kI, jo saMskRta mizrita kanaDI TIkA jIvatattva prabodhikA, jo donoM kANDoM para nivAra ko liye hae hai| isameM mandaprabodhikA kA pUrA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| tIsarI, nemicandrAcArya kI saMskRta TIkA jIvatattva pradIpikA hai, jo pichalI donoM TIkAmoM kA gAr3ha anusaraNa karatI hai| cauthI, TIkA prAkRtabhASA ko hai jo apUrNa hai aura ajamera ke bhaTTArakIya bhaNDAra meM avasthita hai |paaNcvii paMjikA TIkA hai jisakA ullekha abhayacandra ko manda prabodhikA meM nihita hai| isa paMjikA kI eka mAtra upalabdha prati mere saMgraha meM hai, jo saM0 1560 kI 1. guNa jIvA pajjattI pAraNA saNyAma magyaNAo ya / unaoyo vi ya kamaso.vIsa tu parUvaNA bhariNadA // 2 // 2. 'athavA samrdhana garbhopapAdAnAthita janma bhavanIti gommaTa paMcikA kaaraadiinaambhipraayH| go0 jI0 mandaprabodhikA TIkA, gA.

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya 263 likhI huI hai / aura jisakA pramANa pAMca hajAra zloka jitanA hai, jisakI bhASA prAkRta aura saMskRta mizrita hai / 3 usakA maMgala aura pratijJA vAkya isa prakAra hai- pamitra jiNivacaMda gomammaTa saMgaha samagga suttANaM / kesipi bhaNissAmo vivaraNamaNNe samAsijja || tattha tAvasi sutANamAdie maMgalabhaNissa mANaTThavisaya paddaNNA karaNa va kamasta siddhimi ccAi gAhA sattastattho uccaNeNaTTha vivaraNaM kahissAmo // isa paMjikA ke racayitA hai| isa prakAra dI hai zrutikIrti, meghacandra, candrakIti zraura girikorti jaisA ki usake padyoM se prakaTa hai: so jayau dAsapujjo siSAsu pujjAsu pujJja-paya paumo / patrimala vasu pujja sUdo sudakitti piye-piyaM vAdi // 1 samudiya vi meghacaMdapasAva khuva ki tiyaro | jo so kisi bhaNijjaha paripujjiya caMda phitisi // 2 jeNAsesa vasaMziyA saramaI ThANaMta rAgohaNI / jaM gADhaM pariUiNa muhayA sojata muddAsaI / jassA puruSa guNappabhUva rayaNA laMkAra sohaggiNA / jAtA sirigirivittideva javiNA tejasi gaMtho ko // 3 // isa paMjikA pramANa pAMca hajAra zloka jitanA batalAyA hai ? yaha paMjikA prakAzana ke yogya hai| aura chaThI TIkA samyagjJAna candrikA hai, jisake kartA paNDita pravara ToDaramala haiM yaha TIkA vizAla hai, aura DhUMDhArI bhASA hindI meM likhI gaI hai| lambisAra apaNAsAra - isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki karmoM ko kATakara jIva kaise mukti prApta kara sakatA athavA apane zuddha svarUpa meM sthiti ho sakatA hai| isakA pradhAna prAdhAra kasAya pAhuDa aura usakI jayadhavalA TIkA hai / isameM tIna adhikAra haiM- darzanalabdhi, cAritralabdhi, aura kSAyika cAritra / prathama adhikAra meM pAMcalabdhiyoM ke svarUpa Adi kA varNana hai, jinake nAma haiM- kSayopazama, vizuddhi, dezanA, prAyogya aura krnn| inameM se prathama cAra labdhiyAM sAmAnya haiM, jo bhavya aura abhavya donoM hI prakAra ke jIvoM ke hotI haiN| pAMcavIM karaNalabdhi samyagdarzana maura samyakcAritra kI yogyatA rakhane vAle bhavyajIvoM ke hI hotI hai| usake tIna bheda haiM-- aghaHkaraNa, prapUrvakaraNa aura anivRttikaraNa | dUsare adhikAra meM cAritralabdhi kA svarUpa aura cAritra ke bhedoM upabhedoM Adi kA saMkSipta kathana hai / sAtha hI upazamazreNI para car3hAne kA vidhAna hai| tIsare adhikAra meM cAritra moha kI kSapaNA kA saMkSipta vidhAna hai, jisakA antima pariNAma mukti yA zuddha AtmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi hai / isa taraha yaha graMtha saMkSepa meM zrAtmavikAsa kI kuMjI athavA sAdhana-sAmagrI ko liye hue hai| labdhisAra kI saMskRta TIkA nemicandrAcArya kI hai| paM0 ToDaramalla jI ne isake do adhikAroM kI hindI TIkA ukta saMskRta TIkA ke anusAra kI hai| tIsare "kSapaNa' adhikAra kI gadya saMskRta TIkA mAdhavacandra traividya deva kI hai, jise unhoMne bAhubalI maMtrI ke liye kSullakapura meM zaka saM0 3. payaDI sIla sahAbo- prakRtiH zIlaM svabhAvaityekArtha: svabhAvazcasvabhAvavaM tamapekSate / tadavinAbhAvitvAsasya / yataH kasyAyaM svabhAvaH kathyata ityAha jIvagANaM, jIvakarmaNoH / kahametya agadde kammagrahaNaM / kammaNa sarIrasetava aMga sadeza vivavivadattAdo / kaDTa kamma kalAvasteya kammaNa sarIstAdo ya / javA aMga saraga kammAkamma sarIrANa grahaNaM / kammeNokammehi payo jgaado| jIvaMgAraNamidi kima mucpade / bhAvakamma davvakamma NokammANaM payaDa parUparaNaTTha -go0 ka0 paMjikA

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'264 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 1125 (san 1203, vi0 saM0 1260) meM banAkara samApta kI hai| paM0 ToDaramalla jI ne isI ke anusAra kSapaNA. sAra kI TIkA kI hai| isI se unhoMne apanI samyakjJAna candrikA TIkA ko labdhisAra kSapaNAsAra sahita gommaTasAra kI TokA batalAI hai| trilokasAra-yaha karaNAnuyoga kA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai| isakI gAthA saMkhyA 1018 hai| jinameM kucha gAthAe~ mAdhavacandra vidya kI bhI haiN| jo nemicandrAcArya ko sammati se zAmila kI gaI haiM / yaha grantha prAcArya yativRSabha kI tiloyapaNattI se anuprANita hai| isameM sAmAnyaloka, bhavana, vyantara, jyotiSa, vaimAnika, aura naraka-tiryaka, loka ye adhikAra haiM / jambUdIpa, lavaNasamudra, mAnuSakSetra, bhavanavAsiyoM ke rahane ke sthAna, pAvAsabhavana, vAyu parivAra Adi kA vistRta varNana hai / graha, nakSatra, prakIrNaka, tArA evaM sUrya candra ke prAyu, vimAna, gati, parivAra prAdi kA sAMgopAMga varNana diyA hai / triloka kI racanA sambandhI sabhI jAnakArI isase prApta kI jA sakatI hai| isa para nemicandrAcArya ke pradhAna ziSya mAdhavacandra vira kI saMskRta TIkA hai| gommaTasAra kI taraha isa graMtha kA nirmANa bhI pradhAnata: cAgaharAma ko lagaraharake-ke jasi bodhanAmA hai aisA TIkAkAra mAdhavacandra ne TIkA ke prArambha meM vyakta kiyA hai| saMskRta TIkA sahita yaha grantha maNikacandra grantha mAlA se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isa grantha kI hindI TokA paMDita ToDaramalla jI ne kI hai, jisameM usake gaNita viSaya ko acchI taraha se udghATita kiyA hai| prAryasena prAryasena-mUlasaMgha barasenagaNa aura pogarIgaccha ke prAcArya brahmasena atipa ke ziSya the| jo aneka rAjAoM se sevita the| inake ziSya mahAsena the / jaisA ki zilAlekha ke nimna vAkyoM se prakaTa hai: zrImUlasaMdhe jinadharmamUle, gaNAbhidhAne barasena naamni| gacchesu tucche'pi pogaryya mikkhe, saMntayamAno munirAryasenaH // tasyAryasenasya munIzvarasya ziSyo mahAsena mhaamuniindrH| samyaktvaratnojvalitAntaraMgaH saMsAranIrAkara setubhUta [:] // isa zilAlekha meM mahAplena munIndra ke chAtra cAMdirAja ne, jo bANasavaMza ke tathA ketala devI ke mophisara the| unhoMne ponnavADa (vartamAna holvADa) meM tribhuvana tilaka nAma kA caityAlaya banavAyA,aura usameM tIna vediyoM meM zAnti nAtha, pArzvanAtha paura supArzvanAtha kI tIna mUrtiyAM banavAkara pratiSThita kI, aura usake liye kucha jamIna tathA makAnAtaM zaka saM0676 (san 1054) jayasaMvatsara meM vaizAkha mahIne kI amAvasyA somavAra ke dina dAna diyaa| isase pAryasena kA samaya san 1054 (vi0 saM0 1111) sunizcita hai| mahAsena mahAsena-mUlasaMgha barasenagaNa aura pogarigaccha ke AcArya Arya sena ke ziSya the| inake gahastha ziSya cAMdirAja ne, jo vANasavaMza meM utpanna huA thaa| ukta cAMdirAja ne tribhuvana tilaka nAna kA caityAlaya banavAyA, aura usameM zAntinAtha aura pArzva-supArzva kI mUrtiyAM banavAkara pratiSThita kI, aura unakI pUjAdi ke liye mahAsena ko dAna diyaa| yaha lekha zaka saM0 676 san 1054 kA hai / ata: mahAsena kA samaya vikrama ko 11vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla honA caahiye| 1. amunA mAdhavacandra divya garinA vidya cakkazinA, kSapaNAsAra makAri bAhubali sanmazrIza saMjJaptaye / zakakAle zarasUryacandra gaNite (1125) jAte pure kSullake zubhade dudubhivatsare dijayatAmAcaMndratAraM bhuvi / / 16 --kSapaNAsAra gama prazasti 2. jaina lekha saM0.bha.2 pR0 227-28) 3. jaina lekha saMgraha a-2 pR0 227-28)

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavI zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 265 cAmuNDarAya cAmuNDarAya -- brahmakSatriya vaMza ke vaizya kula meM utpanna hue the| zilAlekha meM inheM 'brahmakSatra kulodayAcala zirobhUSAmaNi' kahA gayA hai / yaha gaMgavaMzI rAjA rAjamalla ke pradhAna maMtrI aura senApati the| rAcamalla caturtha kA rAjyakAla zaka saM0 866 se 906 ( vi0 saM0 1031 se 1041) taka sunizcita hai| ye gaMgavajramArasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI the| cAmuNDarAya inake samaya bhI senApati rahe haiN| inakA gharu nAma 'gommaTa' thA aura 'rAya' rAjA rAcamahala dvArA pradatta padavI thI / isa kAraNa inakA nAma gommaTarAya bhI thA bAhubali kI mUrti kA nAma 'gommaTajina' aura paMca saMgraha kA nAma 'gommaTa saMgraha sUtra inhIM ke nAma ke kAraNa huA hai kyoMki cAmuNDarAya ke prazna ke anusAra hI dhavalAdi siddhAntoM para se nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne gommaTa sAra kI racanA kI hai / mArasiMha aura inake uttarAdhikArI putra rAjamalla kA samaya gaMgavaMza ke lie bhayAvaha thA kyoMki pazcimI cAlukya, nolamba tathA pallava Adi gaMga vaMza ke zatru the / cAlukyoM ke khatare ke vinAza kA zreya cAmuNDarAya kI hai| zravaNa gola ke kUge brahmadeva stambha para utkIrNalekha ( 674 I0) meM likhA hai ki isa prasiddha durgapara hue zramaNa ne faea ko bhrAzcarya meM DAla diyA / cAmuNDarAya ne apane purANa meM isa bAta ko svIkAra kiyA hai ki isa vijaya meM hI unheM 'raNaraMga siMha' kI upAdhi prApta huI thI / cAmuNDarAya kevala mahAmAtya hI nahIM the kintu vIra senAnAyaka bhI the| inake samAna zUravIra bhIra dar3ha svAmI bhakta maMtrI karnATaka ke itihAsa meM anya nahIM huA / inhoMne apane svAmI ke lie aneka yuddha jIte the / govindarAja, veMkADurAja Adi aneka rAjAoMoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| isake upalakSya meM unheM samaradhuraMdhara, vIramAtaNDa, raNaraMga siMha, vairikula-kAla daNDa, asahAya parAkrama, pratipakSa rAkSasa, bhuja vikrama aura samara - parazurAma zrAdi viruda prApta hue the| aura kaunasI upAdhi kisa yuddha ke para milI isakA ullekha nimna prakAra hai :khaDaga yuddha meM vajvaladeva ko harAne para unheM 'samaradhuraMdhara upAdhi prApta huI thii| nolamba yuddha meM gonUra [ ke maidAna meM unhoMne jo vIratA dikhalAI usake upalakSa meM 'vIra bhArtaNDa' kI upAdhi milii| unakAMgI ke kile meM rAjAditya se vIratA pUrvaka lar3ane ke upalakSa meM ' raNaraMga siha upAdhi prApta huii| aura vAgeyUra vA (vAmIkUra ) ke kile meM tribhuvana vIra ko mArane aura govindarAja ko usameM na ghusane dene ke upalakSa meM vairIkula- kAladaNDa' upAdhi prApta huii| rAjA kAma ke kile meM rAja bAsa, sivara, kuNAmika Adi yoddhAoM ko parAsta karane ke kAraNa unheM 'krama' upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA gyaa| apane choTe bhAI nAgavarmA ke ghAtaka mudurAcaya ko, jo caladaMka gaMga aura gaMgara bhaTTa ke nAma se prasiddha thA, mAra DAlane ke upalakSa meM 'samaraparazurAma' pada se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| eka kabIle ke mukhiyA ko parAjita karane ke upalakSa meM 'pratipakSa-rAkSasa' upAdhi milii| zraura aneka yoddhAoM ko mArane ke kAraNa unheM 'bhaTTamAri' upAdhi prApta huI / dhArmikatA aura naitikatA kI dRSTi se bhI unheM 'samyaktva ratnAkara, satya yudhiSThira, dhaura subhaTa cUDAmaNi Adi upAdhiyAM prApta huI / ina saba upAdhiyoM se aisA lagatA hai ki cAmuNDarAya apane samaya kA kitanA pratApI aura vIra senApati thA / yaha kevala vIra senApati hI nahIM thA kintu acchA vidvAn aura kavi bhI thaa| unakI upalabdhiyAM unakI mahattA thora gaurava ko saMdyotaka haiM / 1. zilAlekha naM0 165 jaina lekha saM0 prathama bhAga lekha naM0 106 / 2. zrImadapratihata prabhAvasyAdvAdazAsana guhAbhyantara nivAsipravAdi madAMdhasidhura siMhAyamAna siMhanandi munIndrAbhinandita gaMgavaMlAma rAja sarvajJAneka guNanAmadheya bhAgadheya zrImada rAjamalla deva mahIballabha mahAmAtyapadavirAjamAna raNaraMga mallAsahAyaparAkamaguNaratnabhUSaNa samyaktvaratna nilayAdivividha guNanAma samAsAdita kIrtikAnta zrImaccAmuMDarAya bhavya punnddrok'''| -maMda prabodhikATIkA utpAnikA vAkya

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 upalabdhiyAM gommaTa- saMgraha suttaM gommaTa siharuvAra gommaTa jiNo ya / gommaTa rAya-viNimmiya-dakSiNa kukkUDa jiNo jyu||665 isa gAthA meM tIna kAryoM kA ullekha hai aura unhIM kA jayaghoSa kiyA gayA hai| gommaTa saMgraha sUtra gommaTa jina aura dakSiNa kukkUDa jina / gommaTa jina se bhagavAna neminAtha ko usa eka hAtha pramANa indranIla maNi kI pratimA se hai, jise gommaTarAya ne banavA kara candragiri para sthita apane mandira meM sthApita kiyA thA aura dakSiNa kukkUDa jina se abhiprAya bAhubalI kI usa vizAla mUrti se hai jo podanapura meM bharata cakravartI ne bAhubalI kI unhIM ke zarIrAkRti jaisI mUrti banavAI thI, jo kukkuTasoM se vyApta hone ke kAraNa durlabha darzana ho gaI thii| usI ke anurUpa yaha mUrti vindhyagiri para virAjamAna kI gaI hai| dakSiNa vizeSaNa usakI bhinnatA kA dyotaka hai| cAmuNDarAya kI amara kIti kA mahatva pUrNa pratIka zravaNabelagola meM pratiSThApita jagadvikhyAta bAhubali ko mUrti hai, jo 57 phITa unnata aura vizAla hai / aura jisakA nirmANa cAmuNDarAya ne karAyA thaa| aura jo dhUpa, varSA sardI garmI aura AMdhI kI bAdhAnoM ko sahate hue bhI avicala sthita hai| mUrti zilpI ko kalpanA kA sAkAra rUpa hai| mUrti ke nakha Adi vaise hI aMkita haiM jaise unakA Aja hI nirmANa humA hai| cAmuNDarAya ne bAhubalI kI mUrti kI pratiSThA I. 181 meM karAI thii| lagabhaga eka hajAra varSa kA samaya vyatIta ho jAne para bhI vaha vaisI hI sundara pratIta hotI hai vaha daza Azcarya ke rUpa meM ulikhita kI jAtI hai| darzaka ko prakheM use dekhate hI prasannatA se bhara jAtI haiN| bAhubalI kI yaha mUrti dhyAnAvasthAkI hai, ve kevala jJAna hone se pUrva jisa rUpa meM sthita the, vahI latA veleM jo bAhanoM taka utkIrNita haiM aura nIce so ko vAmiyAM bhI banI huI haiN| usI rUpa ko kalAkAra ne aMkita kiyA hai / darzaka mUrti ko dekhakara tapta nahIM hotaa| usakI bhAvanA use bAra-bAra dekhane kI hotI hai / mUrti darzana se jo Atma lAbha hotA hai vaha use zabdoM dvArA vyakta nahIM kara sakatA ! usake pravalokana se yaha bhAvanA abhivyakta hoto hai ki antima samaya meM isa mUrti kA darzana ho / cAmuNDarAya kI yaha aitihAsika dena mahAn praura mamara hai| zilAlekha meM cAmuNDarAya dvArA banavAye jAne kA ullekha hai / aura gommaTa saMgraha suta se abhiprAya gommaTasAra se hai| dUsarI upalabdhi 'triSaSThi zalAkA puruSa carita' hai| jise cAmuNDarAya ne zaka saM 600 IsvI san 675 (vi0 saM01035) meM banAkara samApta kiyA thaa| isameM caubIsa tIrthakaroM ke caritra ke sAtha cakravartI Adi mahA. puruSoM kA pAvana jIvana aMkita kiyA gayA hai / isake prArambha meM likhA hai ki isa caritra ko pahale kRSi bhaTTAraka tadanantara nandi manIzvara, tatpazcAt kavi paramezvara aura tatpazcAt jinasena guNabhadra svAmI isa prakAra paramparA se kahate Aye haiM, aura unhIM ke anusAra maiM bhI kahatA huuN| maMgalAcaraNa meM yuddhapicchAcArya se lekara ajitasena paryanta prAcAryoM kI stuti kI hai aura anta meM zruta kevalI dazapUrvadhara, ekAdazAMgadhara, prAcArAMgadhara, pUrvAga dezavara ke nAma kaha kara mahabalI, mAghanandi, bhUtabali puSpadanta guNadhara zAma kuNDAcArya, tambU lUrAcArya, samantabhadra, zubhanandi ravinandi, elAcArya, nAgasena, vIrasena jinasena bhAdi kA ullekha kiyA hai| phira apane guru kI stuti kI hai| yaha purANa prAyaH gadhamaya hai, padya bahuta hI kama haiM / kanar3I bhASA ke upalabdha graMthoM meM cAmuNDarAya purANa hI sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / cAmuNDarAya ke guru kA nAma prajitasenAcArya hai, jo usa samaya ke bar3e bhArI vidvAn the| tapasvI aura kSamAzIla the| unake aneka ziSya the| baMkApura meM unhoMne aneka ziSyoM ko zikSA dii| prAcArya nemicanna siddhAnta cakravartI para bhI unakA sneha thA / cAmuNDarAya ke praznAnusAra hI unhoMne paMcasaMgraha (gommaTasAra ko racanA kI thI / cAmuNDarAya vIra pora dAnI the|) janadharma ke lie unhoMne jo kucha kiyA, usase bhAratIya itihAsa meM unheM pramara banA diyA hai| tIsarI upalabdhiAritrasAra yA bhAvanAsAra hai| jisakI unhoMne tattvArtha vArtika, rAddhAMta satra, mahAparANa aura pAcAra granyoM se sAra lekara racanA kI hai, jaisA ki usake antima nimna padyase prakaTa hai : satvAdharAti mahApurANe svAdhArazAstreSu ca vistaroktam mAlyAtsamAsAdanuSogavedI cAritrasAraM raNaraMgasiMhaH // prAcArAmadhara, pUrvAga dezavA bAla puSpadanta guNadhara zAma ravinandi, elAcArya, nAgasena

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gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 27 isameM gRhastha aura muniyoM ke mAcAra kA vyavasthita varNana hai| usakA saMkalana sambaddha aura sundara hai| kathana kI sambaddhatA hI usako pramANikatA kA mApadaNDa hai, yaha mantha hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAzita ho gommaTasAra kI dezI karNATaka vRtti bhI inakI banAI huI kaho jAtI hai para vaha abhI taka upalabdha nahIM cikakaveSTa para inake dvArA eka vasadi banAye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| inake putra kA nAma jinadevaNa ' thA, jo ajitasenAcArya kA ziSya thaa| jinadevaNa ne zravaNavalgola meM jina mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha lekha zaka saM0 662 (san 1040) meM utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| mahAkavi vIra kavi vIra lADavAgar3a vaMza ke gRhastha vidvAn the| inake pitA kA nAma devadatta thA, jo macche vidvAna katri the / inake putra vIra kavi se apane pitA kI cAra kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| paddhaDiyA chanda sarasa caccariyA baMdha meM zAntinAtha kA mahAna yazogAna (zAntinAtha rAsa) vidvatsabhA kA manoraMjana karane vAlI sukhama bIra kathA, aura mambAdevI kA rAsa / kheda hai ki kavi devadatta kI ye cAroM racanAe~ upalabdha nahIM haiM / kavi mAlavA ke guDaleDa grAma ke nivAsI the / guDakheDa nAma kA yaha gAMva mAlavA meM siyavarSI nagarI ke sannikaTa kahIM basA hayA thaa| pUrva mAlavA meM jamunA se nikalane vAlI eka choTo nadI kA nAma kAlI sindhu yA sindhu nadI hai| yaha nadI prAcIna dazArNa kSetra meM jisakI prAcIna rAjadhAnI vidizA thI, me bahatI huI padmAvatI nAmaka sthAna para pAkara carmaNvatI (caMbala) nadI se bhopAla ke nikaTa nikalane vAlI pArA nadI meM mila jAtI hai| saura mAge jAkara donoM nadiyAM vetavA meM gira jAtI haiM / isI sindhu nadI ke kinAre para bhopAla ke pUrva praura vidizA se uttara meM sindhuvarSI nagarI rahI hogii| isa nagarI basIpa hI nahIM DAga basA hAramogA / kavi devadatta kA samaya saM0 1050 hai 1 kavi kA ambAdevI rAsa tAla aura laya ke sAtha gAyA jAtA thaa| aura jina paraNoM ke samIpa nRtya kiyA jAtA thA, yaha samyaktvarUpI mahAbhAra kI dhurA ke dhAraka the| kavi devadatta kI saMtuvA bhAryA se vinamra sampanna vIra nAma kA putra utpanna huyA thaa| kavi ke buddhimAna tIna choTe sahodara bhAI mora bhI the| jo sIhalla, nakSaNAMka pora jasaI nAmoM se vikhyAta se| vIra phavi ne kahA maura kisase zikSA prAI, isakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kavi ne zabda zAstra, chanda zAstra, nicaMda, tarkazAstra tathA prAkRta kAvya setubaMdha kA adhyayana kiyA thA, siddhAnta zAtroM ke adhyayana ke sAtha laukika zikSA meM bhI nipuNatA prApta kI thii| kevala kAvya racanA unake jIvana kA vyApAra nahIM thA kintu vaha rAjya kArya, prartha aura kAma kI carcAoM meM bhI saMlagna rahatA thA / vyasta jIvana rahane se ho use jaMbUsvAmI carita kI racanA meM eka varSa kA samaya lagA thaa| kavi kI cAra striyAM thiiN| jinavatI, pomAvatI, lIlAvatI aura jyaadevii| pahalI patnI se nemacandra nAma kA eka putra bhI 1. jina grahaya belagoladola janamella pogale mantri-cAma paDana nandanolavi mAhisidaM z2ina-devaNanajinasena-munivara guI // -nalekha saM0 bhA0110 146 1.6ha asthi parama jiNa payamarA, gulaleDa viNigarau muhacaraNu / sirilAiyAgu tahi vimalajasu, kara deSayatu limbUGa kasu / bahu bhAvahi je gharagacariu, paniyAbhe uriu / kaviguNarasa niyaviusaha, vittariya sudaya vIra kaha / baccariyayaMdhi viraha sarasu, gAijaha satija tArajam / nacirajai jiNapaya . sevahi, kiu rAsau aMbAdevayahi / sammasamahAbharapuradharaho, taho sarasahadekhi lvbrho| --aMdhU sAmicariu 1-4

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268 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 thaa|' jo vinaya guNa se sampanna thaa| vIra kavi vidvAn aura kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha guNagrAhI nyAyapriya aura samudAra vyakti thA / vaha sAdhucarita puruSoM ke prati vinayI, anukampAvAna aura dharmaniSTha zrAvaka hote hue bhI vaha saccA vIra puruSa thA / kavi ko samAja ke vibhinna vargoM meM jIvana-yApana karane ke vividha sAdhanoM kA sAkSAta anubhava thA / prAcIna kaviyoM ke prasiddha granthoM, alaMkAra aura kAvya lakSaNoM kA kavi ko tala sparzI jJAna thA vaha kAlidAsa mora are kI racanAoM se prabhAvita thaa| unakI guNa grAhakatA kA spaSTa ullekha grantha kI caturthaM sandhi ke anta meM pAye jAne vAle nimna padya se milatA hai : : guNA Na suSNaMsi guNaM gunilo na sarhati paraguNe baTTha / ballahaguNA di gaNiNo viralA karavIra-sAricchA // aguNa athavA nirguNa puruSa guNoM ko nahIM jAnatA aura guNIjana dUsare ke guNoM ko bhI nahIM dekhate- unheM saha bhI nahIM sakate, parantu vIra kavi ke sadRza kavi virale haiM, jo dUsare ke guNoM ko samAdara kI dRSTi se dekhate haiN| vIra kevala kavi hI nahIM the, kintu bhakti rasa ke bhI premI the| unhoMne meghavana meM pASANa kA eka vizAla jina mandira banavAyA thA aura usI meghavana paTTaNa meM varddhamAna jinakI vizAla pratimA kI pratiSThA kI thI / grantha prazasti meM kavi ne mandira nirmANa zrIra pratimA pratiSThA ke saMvatAdi kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kintu itanA to nizcita hI hai ki jaMbUsAmicariu kI racanA se pUrva mandira nirmANa aura pratimA pratiSThAdi kA kArya sampanna humA hai / racanA kavi kI eka mAtra racanA 'jaMbUsA micariu' hai / isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma 'zrRMgAravIra mahAkAvya' hai / isameM ma kevalI jaMbU svAmI ke caritra kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kI racanA meM kavi ko eka varSa kA samaya laga gayA thA, kyoMki kavi ko rAjyAdi kArya ke sAtha dharma, artha aura kAma kI goSThI meM bhI samaya lagAnA par3atA thA, prataeva grantha racanA ke liye alpa samaya mila pAtA thA / grantha 11 sandhiyoM meM vibhAjita hai / caritra citraNa karate hue kavi ne mahAkAvyoM meM rasa aura alaMkAroM kA sarasa varNana karake grantha ko atyanta bhAkarSaka aura paThanIya banA diyA hai| kathA pAtra bhI uttama haiM jinake jIvana-paricaya se grantha ko upayogitA kI abhivRddhi huI hai / gAra rasa, vIra rasa, aura zAnta rasa kA yatra-tatra vivecana diyA huA hai| kahIM-kahIM zRMgAra mUlaka vIrarasa hai / grantha meM 1. suha sIla suddhavaMso jaNaNI siri saMtumA bhariyA || 6 || jassaya paNa vayA lahUNo sumaH sahoyarA tithie / sIhalla lakkhaNaMkA jasadda nAmeti vikhAyA // 7 // jAyA jassa maTThiA jirAva pomAvara puNo vIyA / lIlAvadati taiyA pacchima bhajjA jayAdevI ||8|| padamakalataM go saMtAla kamatta vivi pAroho / virAmaguNamariMga nihANo taraNao taha nemicaMdoti || 6 || - jaMbU sAmi ca antima prazasti 2. so jayaja kaI boro vIrajidissa kArirya jeNa / pAhAraNamayaM bhavaraNaM vide mehavaNe // 10 // ityevadira mehavaNa paTTaNe thaDhamANa jiragapaDimA / teraNA vi mahAkaraNA vIreNa paryAyA pavarA // 4 - jaMbU svAmi ca0 prazasti prayatna karane para mI 'meghavana' kA koI vizeSa paricaya upalabdha nahIM huA, parantu 'mehavana' nAma kA koI sthAna vizeSa rahA hai jo usa samaya dhana-dhAmyAdi se sampanna thaa| E 1 *

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mArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 269 alaMkAroM kA cayana do prakAra kA pAyA jAtA hai, eka camatkArika aura dUsarA svAbhAvika / prathama kA udAharaNa nimna prakAra hai : bhAraha-raNa-bhUmiya sa-rahamIsa hari prajjaNa ula siMhaDivosa / guru pAsatyAma kaliMga cAra gaya pgjir-ssr-mhiissaar| laMkA nayarI sarAyaNIya caMdaNahi cAra kalahAvaNIya / sapalAsa-sakaMcaNa akkha aDDha savihIsaNa-kaikula phala rasaDcha / ina padyoM meM vindhyAvaTI kA varNana karate hue zleSa prayoga se do athaM dhvanita hote haiM-sa raha-ratha sahita aura eka bhayAnaka jIvana hari-kRSNa aura siMha, arjuna maura vRkSa nahula aura nakula jIva, zikhaDi aura mayUra grAdi svAbhAvika vivecana ke liye pAMcavI sandhi se zRMgAra mUlaka vora rasa kA udAharaNa nimna prakAra haikerala nareza bhagAMka ko pUtrI vilAsavatI ko ratnazekhara vidyAdhara se saMrakSita karane ke liye jaMbU kamArapola hI yaha karane jAte haiN| pIche magadha ke zAsaka zreNika yA bimbasAra kI senA bhI sajadhaja ke sAtha yuddhasthala meM pahuMca jAtI hai. kinta aMbakamAra apanI nirbhaya prakRti aura asAdhAraNa dhairya ke sAtha yuddha karane ko prottejana dene vAlI vIroktiyA~ bhI kahate haiM tathA aneka udAtta bhAvanAoM ke sAtha sainikoM kI patniyAM bhI yuddha meM jAne ke liye unheM prerita karatI haiM / yuddha kA varNana bhI kavi ke zabdoM meM pddhiye| akka miyaMka sakka kaMpAvaNu, hA muya sIyahe kAraNe rAvaNu / daliya vappa dappiya mA mohaNu, kavaNu aNatyu pattu bojjohaNu / ta ma dosu bahava kiu dhAvai, aNau karatu mahAvA pAvai / jiha jiha baMDa karaMbiu jaMpaDa, tiha tiha kheyara rosahi kaMpai / ghadra kaMTha sirajAlu palittau, caMDagaMDa pAseya psisu| dahA haru gaMjajjalu loyaNu, puru khuraMta NAsau bhayAvaNa / pekkhe vi paha sarosu saNNAmahi, buttu payoharu maMtihi taamhi| ahomahA haya haya sAsasa gira, pahacAdhi uddaNDa gambhira kir| aNNaho joha eha kaho baggae, khayara vi sarisa garesa ho age| bhaNai kumAra eha ra lujau, vasaNa mahaSNavi tummahi khau / rosante rijahiyacchu piNA suNai, kajjAkajja balAbalu Na munni| prastuta grantha kI bhASA prAMjala, mubodha, sarasa aura gambhIra artha kI pratipAdaka hai, aura isameM padhpadannATa mahAkaviyoM ke kAvya-granthoM kI bhASA ke samAna hI praur3hatA aura artha gaurava kI chaTA yatra-tatra dRSTigocara hotI hai| jambUsvAmI antima kevalI haiM / ise digambara vetAmbara donoM hI sampradAya nirvivAda rUpa se mAnate haiM aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa se jamba svAmI ke nirmANa taka kI paramparA bhI ubhaya sampradAyoM meM prAya eka-sI hai, kintu usake bAda donoM meM matabheda pAyA jAtA hai| jambU svAmI apane samaya ke aitihAsika mahApuruSa hue haiM 1 ve kAma ke asAdhAraNa vijetA the| unake lokottara jIvana kI jhAMkI hI caritraniSThA kA eka mahAn Adarza rUpa jagata ko pradAna karatI hai| unake pavitratama upadeza ko pAkara hI vidyuccara jaisA mahAna cora bhI apane caura karmAdi duSkarmoM kA parityAga kara apane pAMca sau yoddhAoM ke sAtha mahAna tapasviyoM meM agraNIya tapastrI ho jAtA hai aura vyaMtarAdi kRta mahAn upasargoM ko sasaMgha sAmyabhAva se sahakara sahiSNutA kA eka mahAna Adarza upasthita karatA hai| usa samaya magadha deza kA rAjA bimbasAra yA dhaNika thA, usakI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha thI, jise vartamAna meM 1: dekho jaina anya prazasti saMgraha bhA0 2 kA 54 pRSTha kA ttippnn| 2. digambara jaina paramparA meM jambU svAmI ke pazcAt viSNu nandi, nandimitra, aparAjita, gobardhana aura bhadrabAha ye pAMca zrutakevalI mAne jAte haiN| kintu vetAmbara paramparA meM prabhava, gambhava, yazobhadra, Arya saMbhUtivijaya aura bhadrabAhu ina pAMca zrutakevaliyoM kA nAmollekha pAga jAtA hai| inameM bhara bAhu ko chor3a kara cAra nAma eka dUsare se bilkula bhinna haiN|

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jaina narma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 270 loga rAjagira ke nAma se pukArate haiM / granthakartA ne magadhadeza aura rAjagRha kA varNana karate hue vahAM ke rAjA zreNika bimbasAra ke pratApAdi kA jo saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai vaha isa prakAra hai : caMDa bhujavaMda vaMDiya maMDaliya maMDalI visaveM / bArA khaMDaNa bhIyavya jayasirI vasaha jassa jaggaMke // 1 // rere phlAha kAyara muhaI peeees na saMgare sAmI / isa jassa payAvadyosaNAe bihaDaMti vahariNo bUre // 2 // jassa rakliya gomaMDalassa purusutamahata pAe / ke kesavA na jAyA samare gama paharaNA riuNo // 3 // parthAt jitake pracaMDa bhujadaMDa ke dvArA pracaMDa mAMDalika rAjAoM kA samUha khaMDita ho gayA hai| jisane apanI bhujAoM ke bala se mAMDalika rAjAoM ko jIta liyA hai| aura dhArA khaMDana ke bhaya se hI mAno jayazrI jisake khaGgA meM basatI hai / rAjA zreNika saMgrAma meM yuddha se saMtrasta kAyara puruSoM kA mukha nahIM dekhte| re, re kAyara puruSo! bhAga jAmo - isa prakAra jisake pratApa varNana se hI zatru dUra bhAga jAte haiN| go maNDala (gAyoM kA samUha ) jisa taraha puruSottama viSNu ke dvArA rakSita rahatA hai| usI taraha vaha pRthvImaNDala bhI puruSoM meM uttama rAjA zra eNika ke dvArA rakSita rahatA hai, rAjA zra Nika ke samakSa yuddha meM aise kauna zatru subhaTa haiM, jo mRtyu ko prApta nahIM hue, athavA jinhoMne kezava (viSNu) ke Age hogA nahIM kiyaa| isa grantha kA kathA bhAga bahuta hI sundara, sarasa tathA manoraMjaka hai, aura kavi ne kAvyocita sabhI guNoM kA dhyAna rakhate hue use paThanIya banAne kA yatna kiyA hai| kathA kA saMkSipta sAra isa prakAra hai: kathAsAra jambU dvIpa ke bharata kSetra meM magadha nAma kA deza hai, usameM zreNika (bimbasAra ) nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| eka dina rAjA zreNika apanI sabhA meM baiThe hue the ki vanamAlI ne vipulAcalapara mahAvIra svAmI ke samavasaraNa mAne kI sUcanA dii| zreNika sunakara harSita humA aura usane senA Adi vaibhavake sAtha bhagavAna kA darzana karane ke lie prayANa kiyA / zreNika ne samavasaraNa meM pahuMcane se pUrva hI apane samasta vaibhava ko chor3akara paidala samavasaraNa meM praveza kiyA aura varddhamAna bhagavAna ko praNAma kara dharmopadeza sunaa| isI samaya eka tejasvI deva prAkAza mArga se bhAtA huA zivAI diyaa| rAjA zreNika dvArA isa deva ke viSaya meM pUche jAne para gautama svAmI ne batalAyA ki isakA nAma bimalI hai aura yaha apanI cAra devAMganAoM ke sAtha yahAM bandanA karane ke liye zrAyA hai| yaha mAja se 7veM dina svarga se prayakara madhyaloka meM utpanna hokara usI manuSyabhava se mokSa prApta kregaa| rAjA zreNika ne isa deva ke viSaya meM vizeSa jAnane kI icchA vyakta kI, taba gautama svAmI ne kahA ki isa deza meM vartamAna nAmakA eka nagara hai / usameM veda ghoSa karane vAle yajJa meM pazubali denevAle, soma pAna karane vAle, paraspara baTu vacanoM kA vyavahAra karane vAle, maneka brAhmaNa rahate the / unameM atyanta guNaza eka brAhmaNa dampati zrutamaNDa pArma su rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma somazarmA thA / usase do putra hue the| bhavadata bhaura bhavadeva | jaba donoM kI jAyu kramazaH 18 aura 12 varSa huI, taba dhAyaM vasu pUrvopArjita pApakarma ke phala svarUpa kuSTa roga se pIr3ita ho gayA aura jIvana se nirAzA hokara citA banAkara agni meM jalamarA / somazarmA bhI apane priya viraha se duHkhita hokara citA meM pravezakara paraloka vAsinI ho gaI / kucha dina bItane ke pazcAt usa nagara meM 'zuSamaM' nAma ke muti kA bhAgamana huA muni ne dharma kA upadeza diyA, bhavadatta ne dharma kA svarUpa zAnta bhAva se hunA, bhakvata kA mana saMsAra meM anurakta nahIM hotA thaa| ataH usane bhArambha parigraha se rahita digambara muni banane kI apanI prabhilASA vyakta kI aura vaha digambara bhuni ho gayA / maura dvAdazavarSa tapazcaraNa karane ke bAda bhavadasa eka bAra saMgha ke sAtha apane grAma ke samIpa phuNcaa| aura apane kaniSTha bhrAtA bhavadeva ko saMgha meM dIkSita karane ke lie ukta varSamAna grAma meM

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gyArahavIM aura vAyahanoM pAtAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya praayaa| usa samaya bhavadeva kA durmarSaNa mora nAga devI kI putrI nAgavasu se vivAha ho gayA thaa| bhAI ke pAgamana kA samAcAra pAkara bhavadeva usase milane pAyA, aura snehapUrNa milane ke pazcAt use bhojana ke liye apane ghara meM le jAnA cAhatA thA, parantu bhavadatta bhavadeva ko apane saMgha meM le gayA aura vahAM munivara se sAghu dIkSA dene ko kahA bhavadeva asamaMjasa meM par3a gayA, kyoMki use ghara meM rahate hue viSaya-sukhoM kA AkarSaNa jo thA, kintu bhAI ko usa sadicchA kA apamAna karane kA use sAhasa na huaa| aura upAyAntara na dekha pravajyA (dIkSA) lekara bhAI ke manoraya ko pUrNa kiyA, aura muni hone ke pazcAta 12 varSa taka saMgha ke sAtha deza-videzoM meM bhramaNa karatA rhaa| kintu usake mana meM nAgavasu ke pratirAgabhAva banA rahA / eka dina apane nAma ke pAsa se niklaa| use viSaya-cAha ne pAkarSita kiyA aura vaha apanI strI kA smaraNa karatA humA eka jinAlaya meM pahu~cA, vahAM usane eka ajikA ko dekhA, vratoM ke pAlane se pratikRzagAtra, asthi paMjara mAtra zeSa rahane se bhavadeva use pahacAna na sakA / ataH usase usane apanI strI ke viSaya meM kuzala vArtA puuchii| ajikA ne muni ke citta ko calAyamAna dekhakara unheM dharma meM sthira kiyA aura kahA ki vaha aApakI patnI maiM hI haiN| Apake dIkSA kA samAcAra milane para maiM bhI dIkSita ho gaI thii| bhavadeva punaH chedopasthApanA pUrvaka saMyama kA anuSThAna karane lgaa| anta meM donoM bhAI marakara sanatkumAra nAmaka svarga meM deva hue aura sAta sAgara kI Ayu naka bahAM vAsa kiyA / bhavadatta kA jIva svarga se cayakara puNDarIkinI nagarI meM vajradatta rAjA ke ghara sAgaracanda nAma kA aura bhavadeva kA jIva vIsazokA nagarI ke rAjA mahA padma cakravartI ko vanamAlA rAnI ke ziva kumAra nAma kA putra humA / zivakumAra kA 105 kanyAoM se vivAha humA, karor3oM unake aMga rakSaka the, jo unheM bAhara nahIM jAne dete the| puDaparIkinI nagarI meM cAraNa muniyoM se apane pUrva janma kA vRttAnta sunakara sAgara candra ne deha-bhogoM se virakta ho muni dIkSA lelii| prayodaza prakAra ke cAritra kA anuSThAna karate hue bhAI ko sambodhita karane votazokA nagarI meM pdhaare| zivakumAra ne apane mahaloM ke Upara se muniyoM ko dekhA, use pUrva janma kA smaraNa ho mAyA, usake mana meM deha-bhogoM se viraktatA kA bhAva utpanna huA, usase rAja prAsAda meM kolAhala maca gyaa| paura usane apane mAtA-pitA se dIkSA lene kI anumati maaNgii| pitA ne bahuta samajhAyA aura kahA ki ghara meM hI tapa aura vratoM kA anuSThAna ho sakatA hai| dIkSA lene kI AvazyatA nahIM, pitA ke anurodha vaza kumAra ne taruNIjanoM ke madhya meM rahate hue bhI virakta bhAva se nava prakAra se brahmacarya vrata kA anuSThAna kiyaa| aura dUsaroM se bhikSA lekara tapa kA prAcaraNa kiyaa| aura prAyu ke anta meM vaha vidyunmAlI nAma kA deva huaa| vahAM daza sAgara kI prAyu taka cAra devAMganAmoM ke sAtha sukha bhogatA rahA / aba vahI vidyunmAlI deva yahA~ AyA thA, jo sAtaveM dina manuSyarUpa se prayatArita hogA / rAjA zreNika ne vidyunmAlI kI una cAra devAMganAoM ke viSaya meM pUchA / taba gautama svAmI ne batAyA ki campAnagarI meM sUrasena nAma ke seTha kI cAra striyAM thI jinake nAma jayabhadrA, subhadrA, dhAriNI mora yazomatI / vaha seTha pUrva saMcita pApa ke udaya se kuSTa roga se pIr3ita hokara mara gayA, usakI cAroM striyAM majikAe ho gaI aura tapa ke prabhAva se ve svarga meM vidyunmAlI kI cAra deviyAM hii| pazcAt rAjA zreNika ne vidhuccara ke viSaya meM jAnane kI icchA vyakta kI 1 taba gautama svAmI ne kahA ki magadha deza ma hastinApura nAmaka nagara ke rAjA visandhara aura zrIsenA rAnI kA putra vidyuccara nAma kA yaa| vaha saba vidyAoM aura kalAnoM meM pAraMgata thA, eka cora vidyA hI aisI raha gaI thI jise usane na sIkhA thaa| rAjA ne vidyuccara ko bahuta samajhAyA, para usane corI karanA na chodd'aa| vaha apane pitA ke ghara meM ho pahuMca kara corI kara letA thA aura rAjA ko suSupta karake usake kaTihAra Adi AbhUSaNa utAra letA thaa| aura vidyA bala se corI kiyA karatA thaa| paba vaha apane rAjya ko chor3akara rAjagRha nagara meM prA gayA, aura vahAM kAmalatA nAmaka vezyA ke sAtha ramaNa karatA huA samaya vyatIta karane lagA / gautama gaNadhara ne batAyA ki ukta vidyunmAlI deva rAjagRha nagara meM mahaddAsa nAma ke dhaSThi kA putra hogA, aura usI bhava se mokSa prApta kregaa| papranandI (jambUdvIpapaNNattI ke kartA) pAnandI nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| unameM prastuta paanandi unase bhinna jAna par3ate haiN| kyoMki

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272 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 unhoMne jambUdvIpa prajJapti meM jo prazasti dI hai, usase unakI gurUpamparA nimna prakAra hai : ataH pAnandI bIranaMdi ke praziSya aura balanandi ke ziSya the| jambudvIpa prajJapti kI prazasti meM unhoMne apane ko guNa gaNakalita tridaNDa rahita, trizalya parizuddha, trisahita siddha pAraMgata jJAnadarzana carittoyukta aura prArambha rahita batalAyA hai apane guru balanandi ko sUtrArtha vicakSaNa, mati pragalbha, paraparivAda nivRtta, sarvasaMga niHsaMga (parigraharahita) darzanajJAna cAritra meM samyak adhigata mana para tRpti nivRtta mana, aura vikhyAta sUcita kiyA hai' / aura apane dAdA guru vIranandi ko paMca mahAvrata zuddha, darzana zuddha, jJAna saMyukta, saMyama tana guNa sahita, rAgAdi vivarjita, dhIra, paMcAcara samagra, paT jIva dayAtatpara, vigata moha aura harSa viSAda vihona vizeSaNoM ke sAtha ullekhita kiyA hai / aura apane zAstra guru zrI vijaya ko nAnA narapati pUjita, vigatabhaya, saMga bhaMga unmukta, samyagdarzana zuddha saMyama tapazIla sampUrNa, jinavaravacana vinirgata, paramAgama dezaka, mahAsatva, zrInilaya, guNasahita aura vikhyAta vizeSaNoM se prakaTa kiyA hai / padmanandi ne zrI vijaya guru ke prasAda se jambUdvIpaNNattI ko racanA mAghanaMdi ke ziSya sakalacanda aura unake ziSya zrInandI ke liye kI hai / isa grantha meM 13 adhikAra haiM jinakI gAthA saMkhyA 2427 pAI jAtI hai / grantha kA viSaya madhyaloka ke madhyavartI jambUdvIpa kA kAlAdi vibhAga ke sAtha mukhyatA se varNana hai / aura vaha varNana prAyaH jambUdvIpa ke bharata, airAvata mahAvideha kSetroM, himavAna Adi parvatoM, gaMgA sindhvAdi nadiyoM, padma mahApacAdi drahoM, lavaNAdi samudroM tathA anya bAhya pradezoM, kAla ke utpasarpiNI avasarpiNI zrAdi bheda-prabhedoM, unameM hone vAle parivartanoM aura jyotiSa palAdi se sambandha rakhatA hai| sAtha hI laukika-alaukika gaNita, kSetrAdi kI paimAiza aura pramANAdi ke kathanoM ko bhI sAtha meM liye hue haiN| yaha graMtha purAtana bhUgola- khagola kA saMkSipta varNana karatA hai / grantha meM racanAkAla kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, isa grantha kI pratilipi saM0 1518 se pUrva kI abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huii| isase itanA sunizcata hai ki grantha ukta saM0 1518 se pUrva kA banA huA hai / jambUdvIpapaNatI 1. tarasa ya guNa-gaNa- kaliMdo nidaMDa rahiyo tisalla- parisuddho / timi gArava rahiyo sisso siddhata-gaya-pAro / / 162 tava rima joga juto javajutto NANa daMsaNa carite / AraMbha karaNa- rahiyo merA paditI / / 163 2. tameva vara sisso sutattha viyavakharaNo mai-gabho 1 para-parivAdakhiyatI ssiMgI sabvasaMgesu // 160 sammatta-abhigada-maNo gANe taha daMsaNe carite ya / para taMti-riyatamaNo baladi guruti vikkhAo / / 161 3. paMca mahala- suddho daMsaNa-suddho ya rAma-saMjuto / saMjama tava guNa sahido rAgAdivivajjido dhIro / / 158 paMcAcAra samaggo chajjIva-dayAvarI vigada moho / harisa visAya- bihUNokhAmeNa vIraNaMditi // 159 - jaMbUdvIpa prajJapti prazasti 4. zAkhA-paravada - mahido viyayamao saMgabhaMgaunako / saMsaraNasuddho saMjama tava sIlasaMpuSpo 12143 jimvara-raNa-viNiggaya-paramAgamadesao mahAsato | sirilio guNasahio sirivijayaguru tti vitakhAo || 144

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syArahavIM au bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya aura trilokasAra kI kucha gAthAgoM meM sAdRzya pAyA jAtA hai| usase eka dUsare ke mAdAna-pradAna kI prAzaMkA hotI hai| trilokasAra kI racanA vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdhaM kI hai| prazasti meM vArA nagara kA varNana karate hue use pAriyAtra deza meM sthita batalAyA hai hemacandra ke anusAra 'uttarovindhyAt, pAriyAtraH' vAkya se pAriyAtra deza vindhyAcala ke uttara meM haiN| vaha usa samaya puSkaraNI vAvaDI, sundara bhavanoM, nAnAjanoM se saMkIrNa aura dhana-dhAnya se samAkUla, jina bhavanoM se vibhUSita, samyagdRSTi janoM aura mUni gaNoM ke samUhoM se maMDita yaa| usameM vArA nagara kA prabha zakti bhUpAla rAjya karatA thA, jo samyagdarzana se zuddha, kRta-vata karma, zIla sampanna, anavarata dAna zola, zAsana vatsala, dhIra, nAnA guNa kalita, narapati saMpUjita kalAkuzala aura narottama thaa| nandi saMgha kI paTTAvalI meM vArA nagara ke bhaTrArako kAgadI kA joza hai| sima ni saM. 1144 se 1206 taka ke 12 bhaTTArakoM ke nAma diye haiN| padmanandi kI guru paramparA usase sambaddha jAna par3atI hai| rAjapUtAne ke itihAsa meM guhilota vaMzI rAjA naravAhana ke putra zAlivAhana ke uttarAdhikArI zakti kumAra kA ullekha milatA hai| grantha meM ullikhita zakti kumAra vahI jAna par3atA hai| pATapura (AhADa) ke zilAlekha meM guhadatta (muhila) se lekara zakti kumAra taka kI pUrI vaMzAvalI dI hai| yaha lekha vi0 saM0 1034 vaizAkha zuklA 1 kA likhA huA hai| ataH yahI samaya jambUdvIpapaNNattI kI racanA kA nizcita hai / yaha padmanandi vikrama kI 11vI zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiN| inakI dUsarI racanA 'dhammarasAyaNa' hai| yaha grantha bhI inhIM kA batalAyA jAtA hai| jo 193 gAyAnoM kA anya hai jo sarala evaM subodha hai| aura mANikacandra granthamAlA meM siddhAntasAra ke antargata prakAzita ho cakA hai| isameM dharma kI mahimA, dharma-adharma ke viveka preraNA / parIkSA karake dharma grahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA, adharma kA phala narakAdike ke duHkha sarvajJa praNIta dharma kI upalabdhi na hone para catargatirUpa saMsAra paribhramaNa, sarvajJoM kI parIkSA aura sAgAra anagAra dharma kA saMkSipta paricaya baNita hai| kavidhavala inakA janma viprakula meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma sUra yA suradeva thA aura mAtA kA nAma kesUla devI thA, kavi dhavala jina caraNoM meM anurakta aura nirgrantha RSiyoM kA bhakta thaa| kutIrtha aura kudharma se virakta thaa| inake guru aMbaseNa the, jo acche vidvAna aura vaktA the| unhoMne harivaMza purANa kA jisa taraha vyAkhyAna kiyA kavi ne usako usI taraha se nibaddha kiyaa| kavi ne grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyA, ataeva racanA kAla ke nizcaya karane meM kaThinAI pratIta ho rahI hai| kavi ne apanI racanA meM apane se pUrvavartI aneka kaviyoM kA aura unakI racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kavi cakravartI dhoralena samyaktva yukta pramANa grantha vizeSa ke kartA, devanandI (janendra vyAkaraNa ke kartA) vajramUri pramANa grantha ke kartA, mahAsena kA sulocanA carita, raviSeNa kA padma carita, jinasena kA harivaMza purANa jaTila muni kA varAMgacarita, dinakarasena kA anaMgacarita, pacasena kA pAzvanAtha carita, aMbasena kI amatArAdhanA dhanadatta kA candraprabhacarita, aneka caritagranthoM ke racayitA viSNusena, siMhanandi kI anuprekSA, naradeva kA NamokAra maMtra siddhasena kA bhavika vinoda, rAmanandI ke aneka kathAnaka, jinarakSita (jinapAlita) dhavalAdi grantha prakhyApaka, asaga kA vIra carita, gobinda kavi (zva0) kA sanatkumAra carita, zAlibhadra kA jIvaudyota, caturmakha, droNa, ser3ha mahAkavi kA pauma cariu prAdi vidvAnoM aura unakI kRtiyoM kA ullekha hai| ina kaviyoM meM prasaga aura padyasena ne apane granthoM meM racamA kAla kA ullekha kiyA hai| Asaga kavi kA samaya saM0610 hai, aura pagrasena kA samaya vi0 .1 dekhA jambUdvIpaNatI kI prazasti kI 165 se 168 taka kI gAthAeM / 2. dekho jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (bambaI 1956 pR0 256-265) 3. mai vippaho mUraho daraNeNa, kesullaya uvari taha saMbhaverae / jiragavarahI caraNa anurattaeNa, riNagaMthaha risiyaha mttenn| kutistha kudhamma virasaeNa, NAmujalu papaDu bahatae / 4. jaina anya prazasti saMgraha mA0 2 pR0 11

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274 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 996 hai| isase spaSTa hai ki dhavala kavi kA samaya vikrama ko 11vIM sadI hai arthAt prasaga kavi 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArtha ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| racanA kavi kI eka mAtra kRti harivaMza purANa hai, jisameM 122 sandhiyAM haiM, jinameM 22veM tIrthakara yaduvaMzI bhagavAna neminAtha kI jIvana-gAthA paMkita kI gaI hai, sAtha hI, mahAbhArata ke pAtra kaurava aura pANDava evaM zrIkRSNa mAdi mahApuruSoM kA jIvana parita bhI diyA imA hai| jisase manAbhAsakara aitihAsika racaya sahaja hI mila jAtA hai| prantha kI racanA pradhAnataH apanaza bhASA ke 'pajjhaTikA aura alillaha' chanda meM huI hai| tathApi usa meM paddhaDiyA soraThA, ghasA, jAti nAginI, vilAsinI aura somarAjI prAdi chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| kAvya kI dRSTi se prantha ke kitane hI varNana sajIva haiN| rasoM meM zrRMgAra, vIra, karuNa pora zAnta rasoM ke pabhivyaMjaka aneka sthala diye hae haiN| zrI kRSNa paura kaMsa ke yuddha kA varNana bhI sajIva humA hai| 'mahAcaMDacittA bhAchiNNagattA, dhanuvANa hatyA sakuMtA samatthA / pahAraMti surANa bhajjati dhIrA, sarosA satosA sahAsA straasaa||-hrivNsh pu0 saMdhi 60, 4 pracaNDa yoddhAoM ke gAtra Traka-Traka ho rahe haiM, aura dhanuSa bANa hAtha meM liye hue bhAlA calAne meM samartha sUra prahAra kara rahe haiM, parantu koSa, santoSa, hAsya aura pAzA se yukta dhIravIra yoddhA vicalita nahIM ho rahe haiM / yuddha kI bhISaNatA se yuddha sthala viSama ho rahA hai, sainikoM kI mAro-mAro kI dhvani se aMbara gUja rahA hai-rathavAlA rayavAle kI bhora, azva vAlA prazvavAle kI ora, aura gaja, gaja kI mora daur3a rahA hai, dhAnuSka vAlA dhAnuSka ko pora jhapaTa rahA hai, vAdya jora se zabda kara rahe haiN| ghor3e hina hinA rahe haiM, aura hAthI ciMghAr3a rahe haiN| isa taraha yuddha kA ka vAlA dhAnuka ko aura hA ghor3a hina hinA rahe hai sArA hI varNana sajIva zarIra kI nazvaratA kA varNana bhI dRSTavya hai : sabala rAjya bhI tatkSaNa naSTa ho jAtA hai| pratyadhika dhana se kyA kiyA jAya ? rAjya bhI dhanAdika se hIna aura bace khuce jana samUha atyadhika dInatA pUrNa vartana karate hue dekhe jAte haiN| sukhI bAndhava, putra, kalatra mitra sadA kisake bane rahate haiM, jaise utpanna hote haiM jaise hI meghavarSA se jala ke bulabuloM ke samAna vinaSTa ho jAte haiN| paura phira cAroM dizAoM meM apane nivAsa sthAna ko cale jAte haiM, jisa taraha pakSI rAtri meM eka jagaha ikaTThe ho jAte haiM aura phira cAroM dizAoM meM apane apane nivAsa sthAna ko cale jAte haiM, athavA jisa prakAra bahuta se pathika (nadI pAra karate hue) naukA para mila jAte haiM phira saba apane apane abhISTa sthAna ko cale jAte haiN| isI taraha iSTa priya janoM kA samAgama thor3e samaya ke liye hotA hai / kabhI dhana pAtA hai aura kabhI dAridra svapna samAna bhoga pAte aura naSTa ho jAte haiM, phira bhI ajJAnI jana inakA garva karate haiN| jisa yauvana ke sAtha jarA (bur3hApe) kA sambandha hai usase kisako santoSa ho sakatA hai| balu ramju vi NAsaitakkhaNeNa ki kijjaha vahaeNa vi dhaNeNa / rajju vi dhaNeNa parihINa hoi, NiviseNa vi darIsaha payaDulou / ............."haNa haNa mAra mAru pabharatahi / daliya bharatti reNu raNahi ghAyau, pisalusau luddhau Ayau / rahabau rahahu gayaha gaya dhAviu, ghANukkahu dhANukku parAyau / turau turaMga kulagga bihatthau, asivapasaraha lAgu bhayapatta / vajahi gahiratUra yahiMsahi gulu gulaMtu gayavarabahudIsahi / / -saMSi 86-10

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya suhibaMdhava putta-kalata-misa, vi kAsuvi vIsaha Nizvata / jima huti bharata asesa tema, bubbudha jali ghaNi varisaMti jema / jima sauNi mili visaravara vasati, cAddasiNiya vasANi aMti / jisa bahU paMthiya NAvara caDaMti, puNi Niya Niya vAsahu se balaMti / tima iThu samAgamu nivaDaNu, SaNuhoi hoi dAlidu puNu / dhatA - suviNAsau bhou laho dhi puNu, gabbu karaMti prayANa gara / saMtosukavaNu joyaNa siyaha, jaha pratthai praNulamAjarA / 275 - saMdhi - 61-7 granthakAra kA jahAM laukika varNana sajIva hai, vahAM vIra rasa kA zAnta rasa meM pariNata ho jAnA bhI cittAkarSaka hai / grantha paThanIya aura prakAzana ke yogya hai| isakI pratiyAM kAraMjA, baDA terApaMthI mandira jayapura aura dillI ke paMcAyatI mandira meM hai, parantu dillI kI prati apUrNa hai / jayakIti mUla saMgha dezIyagaNa hota ge gaccha ke vidvAna the / jo pustakAnvayarUpI kamala ke liye sUrya ke samAna the| aura aneka upavAsa aura cAndrAyaNa vrata karane meM prasiddha the| rAmasvAmI pradattadAna ke adhikArI ye cikkanasoge kA yaha lekha yadyapi kAla nirdeza rahita hai| aura zAntIzvara vasadi ke bAhara daravAje para utkIrNita hai / sambhavataH inakA - (jaMna lekha saM0 bhA0 2 10 357 ) anumAnika samaya 1100 I0 ke lagabhaga ho sakatA hai| brahmasena pratipa brahmasena pratipa-mUla saMgha, varasenagaNa aura porigaccha ke vidvAna the| inake ziSya prAryasena aura praziSya mahAsena the / brahmasena bar3e vidvAna tapasvI the / aneka rAjA unake caraNoM kI pUjA karate the| mahAsena ke ziSya cAhni rAjane jo vANa vaMza ke the, aura kevala devI ke graoNphisara the / unhoMne zAMtinAtha, pArzvanAtha aura supArzva torthaMkara kI vediyoM ko paunnavArDa meM tribhuvana tilaka nAma ke caityAlaya meM banavAyA / unake liye zaka saM 176 (san 1054 I0 ) meM jamIna aura makAna dAna kiye| inakA samaya IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI hai / munizrIcandra- lAla bAgaDa saMgha aura balAtkAragaNa ke prAcArya zrImandI ke ziSya the / aura dhArA ke nivAsI the / unhoMne apanA purANasAra vi0 saM0 1050 (san 1023) meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| raviSeNa ke padmacarita ko TokA ko bhI unhoMne vi0 saM0 1087 meM dhArA nagarI meM rAjA bhojadeva ke rAjyakAla meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai / tIsarI kRti mahAkavi puSpadanta ke uttarapurANa kA TippaNa hai, jise unhoMne, sAgarasena nAma ke saMddhAntika vidvAna se mahApurANa ke viSama padoM kA vivaraNa jAnakara aura mUla TippaNa kA avalokana kara vi0 saM0 1. jaina lekha [saM0] mA0 250 227 2. dhArAyAMpuri bhojadeva nRpate zrI matsAgarasenato yatipate muktyarthaM bhavabhItibhItajagatA OM cArupurANasAramamalaM zrIvikramAditya saMvatsare rAjye jayAtyuccakaiH / zAkhA purANaM mahat / zrInandi ziSyo budhaH / zrI candranAmAmuniH // (azItyadhiSaM sahastra purANasArAbhidhAnaM samAptaM / dekho purANasAra prazasti 3. lAlabAgaDa zrI pravacanasena paDitAtpadmacaritassakaraNa ( tamAkarNya ?) balAtkAragaNa zrInandyAcAryasaskaviziSyeNa zrI candramuninA zrImadvikramAditya saMgharasare samAzItyadhika varSaM sahasra zrImaddhArANAM zrImato rAjya bhojadevasya ...... / evamidaM padmacarita TippaNaM zrIcandramunikRtaM samAptamiti

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 276 10850 meM rAjA bhoja ke rAjyakAla meM racA hai / cItho kRti 'zivakoTi ko bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA TippaNa hai| jisakA ullekha paM0 zrAzAvara jI ne apane 'mUlArAdhanA darpaNa' meM naM0 589 gAthA kI TIkA karate hue kiyA hai| muni zrIcandra kI ye sabhI kRtiyA~ dhArA meM hI racI gaI haiN| ukta TIkA prazastiyoM meM muni zrIcandra ne sAgarasena aura prava nasena nAma ke do saiddhAntika vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jo dhArA nivAsI the| isase yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki usa samaya dhArA meM aneka jaina vidvAna aura muni nivAsa karate the / kezivarAja yaha sUkti sudhArNava ke kartA mallikArjuna kA putra aura hoyasAlavaMzI rAjA narasiMha ke kaTako pAdhyAya sumanAcANa kA dohitra aura janna kavi kA bhAnajA hai| isake banAye hue colapAlaka caritra subhadrAharaNa, prabodhacandra, kirAta aura zabdarmANa darpaNa ye pAMca grantha haiN| parantu inameM se kevala zabdamaNi darpaNa upalabdha hai| yaha karnATaka bhASA kA sutrasiddha vyAkaraNa hai| isakI jar3a kA vistRta aura spaSTa vyAkaraNa kanar3I meM dUsarA nhiiN| isakI racanA padyamayI hai / aura isa kAraNa kavi ne svayaM hI isakI vRtti likha dI hai| grantha sandhi, nAma, samAsa, taddhita, zrAkhyAna, dhAtu, apabhraMza, avyaya aura prayogasAra ina pATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / kavi kA samaya I0 san 1060 hai / padmasenAcArya yaha kisa gaNa-gaccha ke thAcArya the / yaha kucha jJAta nahIM huA / saMvat 1076 meM pUSa sudI dvAdazI ke dina devaloka ko prApta hue / inakI yaha niSadhikA rUpa nagara ( kizanagar3ha se ) Der3ha mIla dUra rAjasthAna meM citranandI dvArApratiSThita huI thii| inakA samaya IsA kI dazavIM zrIra vikrama 11vIM zatAbdI hai / vimalasena paNDita - inakA gaNa-gaccha aura paricaya prApta hai| yaha meghasenAcArya ke ziSya the| inakA rAM0 1076 jyeSTha sudI 12 ko svargavAsa huA thaa| inakI smRti meM niSadhikA banAI gii| jinhoMne bAradhanA kI bhAvanA dvArA devaloka prApta huA thA / yaha niSidhikA rAjasthAna ke rUpa nagara ( kidAnagar3ha se Der3ha mIla dUra ) meM banI huI hai usameM devalI ke Upara eka tIrthaMkara mUrti pratiSThita hai| inakA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI hai| sAgarasaMna saiddhAntika- yaha prAkRta saMskRta bhASA aura siddhAnta ke vidvAna the aura dhArA nagarI meM nivAsa karate the / balAtkAra gaNa ke vidvAna muni zrI nandi ke ziSya muni zrI candra ne Apase mahAkavi puSpadanta ke mahApurANa ke viSama-padoM ko jAnakara aura mUla TippaNa kA avalokana kara rAjA bhoja deva ke rAjakAla meM (saM0 2080 meM) mahApurANa kA TippaNa banAyA thA / inakI guru paramparA kyA hai aura unhoMne kyA racanAe~ rciiN| isake jAnane kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / para inakA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa hai / 1. zrI vikramAditya saMvatsare varSANAmazItyadhika sahasraM mahApurANa viSama pada vivaraNa sAgaragaMna saMddhAntAt parijJAya mUla TippaNikAMcAlokya kRta midaM samuccaya digaNaM prajJapAtabhItena zrImadma lAskAragaNa zrI nandyaH carva satkaviziSya zrI candra muninA nijadordaNDAbhibhUtaripurAja vijayanaH zrI bhojadevasya / - uttara purANa TippaNa prazasti / 2. saM0 1076 pauSa sudI 12 zrI padmasenAcArya devalokaM gataH / cizranandinA pratiSTheyaM / 1036 (76) zrI padmasenAcArya devaloka gataH devnndn| pratiSTheyaM / 3. saM0 1076 jyeSTha sudI 12 meghasenAcAryasya tasya ziSya vimalasena paMDitena (A) sadhanA ( bhAvanA)' bhAvayitvA divaMgataH (tasyeyaM niSidhikA ) 4. zrI vikramAditya-saMvatsare varSAraNAzItyadhika saha mahApurANa- viSama pada vivaraNa sAgaramaina saMddhAntAn parijAya mUla TippaNikA cAlokya kRtamidaM samuccaya dippara grajJa pAtabhItena zrI madbalAtkAraNa zrI naMdyAcArya satkaviziSyeNa candra muninA nijadordaNDAbhibhUta ripurAjya vijayinaH zrI bhojadevasya / "

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 277 indrasena bhaTTArakadravila (u) saMgha, senagaNa, mAlana anvaya ke bhaTrAraka mallisena ke pradhAna ziSya the inheM cAnukya kulabhUSaNa rAjA tribhuvanamalla deva kI rAnI jAkala devI se, jo jaina dharmaparAyaNA aura jina pUjA meM nirata rahatA thA aura iMguNige grAma kA zAsana karatI thii| vaha jaina dharmaparAyaNA rAnI tikka ko putro tho| usake pati cAlukya kulabhUSaNa tribhuvanamalladeva the| jo kalyANapura ke zAsaka the| unhoMne rAnI ko jaina dharma saMparAnmukha karane ko pratijJA le rakkhI thii| parantu vaha apane usa kArya meM saphala na ho skaa| eka dina rAnA ke saubhAgya se eka vyApArI mahumANikya deva kI pratimA lekara pAyA, aura rAnI ke sAmane vaha apanA vinayabhAva dikhalA rahA thA ki usI samaya rAjA tribhuvanamalladeva pA gyaa| usane rAnI se kahA ki yaha jinamati anupama sundara hai, ise apane AdhIna grAma meM pratiSThita karo, tumhAre dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke liye preraNAprada hogI taba rAjA kI AjJA se rAnI ne mUti kI pratiSThA bhI karAyI A dara mandira bhI banA diyaa| aura usakI dhyavasthA ukta indrasena bhaTTAraka kA sauNpii| yaha dAna cAlukya vikrama ke 18ve rAjyavarSa meM san 105.4 meM zrAmukha saMvatasara ke phAlguNa sudI 10mI somavAra ke dina samAroha pUrvak bhaTTAraka jI ke caraNoM kI pUjA karake sauMpA gayA thaa|' dAna meM 21 vRhat mattara, pramANa kRSya bhUmi, 1 bagIcA aura jana mandira ke samIpa kA eka ghara diyaa| mANikyanandI mANikyanandI nandi saMgha ke pramukha prAcArya the| aura dhArA nagarI ke nivAsI the| ve vyAkaraNa aura siddhAnta ke jJAtA hone ke sAtha darzana zAstra ke taladRSTA vidvAna the| usa samaya dhArA nagarI vidyA kA kendra vn| haI thii| bAhara ke aneka vidvAn vahAM Akara apano vidyA kA vikAma karate the| vahAM aneka vidyApITha the jinama chAtra rahakara vidyAdhyayana karake vidvAna banate the / aneka sArasvata vidvAn prAcArya jaina dharma kA vikAsa aura pracAra kArya meM saMlagna rahate the| usa samaya dhArA nagarI kA prabhu bhoja deva thA, jo rAjya kArya kA saMcAlana karate hajhA bhI vidyA vyasanI, kavi aura zAstra kartA thA / vaha vidvAnoM kA bar3A Adara karatA thaa| vahAM ke vidyA pITha meM siddhAnta, darzana, vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaMkAra aura kAvyAdi vividha viSayoM ke granthoM kA paThana-pAThana hotA thA / sudarzana carita ke kartA nayanandI ne vahAM kI prAcArya paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai| sunakSatra, papanandI, viSNunando, nandanandI, vizvanandI, vizAkhanandI, gaNIrAmanandI, mANikyanandI nayanandI, harisiMha, zrIkumAra, jinheM sarasvatI kumAra bhI kahA jAtA thA, prabhAcandra, aura bAlacandra / dUsarI paramparA lAr3a vAgaDa gaNa ke balAtkAragaNa ko thii| jisameM sAgarasena, pravacanasena, aura zrIcandrAdi vidvAnoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| mANikyanandI gaNIrAmanandI ke ziSya the| jo bhAratIya darzana ke sAtha jaina darzana ke prakANDa paNDita the| unake aneka vidyA ziSya the| unameM nayanandA prathama vidyA ziSya the| jinhoMne saM0 1100 meM dhArA nareza bhoja -- - - 1. (dekho, gulabargA jile kA dAna-patra) Jainism in south India P.406-407 2. jiriNadassa borassa titthe mahaMte mahAkuMdakudAee eMtasaMte / sumgaksAhihAro tahA pomaNaMdI, puNo viNDaNadI tayo sNdinnNdii| jirAiTa dhamma surAsI visuddho, kaMdhAraNepa gaMyo jayaMte pasiddho / bhavaMbohipoo mahA vissagadI, khamAjuttu siddha timo vishrnnNdii| jirieMdAgamAhAsaNe eyacitto, tavApAra giTTAe laddhAe jutto| NaridA maridehi so radadI, huo tassa sIso garaNI raamnnNdii| bhasesANa gaMthArA pArammi patto, tave aMga vIbhavarAIva mitto| mugAvAsabhUo sutillokaNaMdI mahApaDibho tassa maannikrnndii| bhRjagappayAo imokhAma chNdii| -(sudasaNacarita prazasti) 3.jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha bhAga2125

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 rAjya kAla meM 'sadasaNacariu' aura sakala vidhividhAna kAvya kI racanA kI thii| unhoMne apane vidyAguru mANikyanandI ko mahApaNDita aura vidya batalAte hue, unheM pratyakSa parokSarUpa jala se bhare aura nayarUpa caMcala taraMga samUha se gaMbhIra utsama saptabhaMgarUpa kallola mAlA se bhUSita, jinazAsanarUpa nirmala sarovara se yukta mora paNDitoM kA caDAmaNi prakaTa kiyA hai / aura 'sudaMsaNa cariu' kI puSpikA meM mANikya nandI kA vidyarUpa se ullekha kiyA hai jaisA ki usake nimna puSpikA vAkya se prakaTa hai:-"etya sudaMsaNa carie paMcaNamokkAraphala pAyasayare mANikyanaMdI taivijjasIsa NayaNadiNA raie asesasura saMyudhe NavevivaDumANaM jiNaM tamo bisayo paTTaNaM Nayarapatthimro pabvayaM samosaraNa saMgayaM mahApurANa pAucchaNaM imANa kayavaNNaNo NAma paDhamo sadhi smto||" mANikyanaMdI ne bhAratIya darzana zAstra aura prakalaMka deva ke graMthoM kA dohanakara jo navanItAmRta nikAlA, vaha unakI dArzanika pratibhA kA saMdyotaka hai / ve jaina nyAyake Aca sUtrakAra haiN| unakI eka mAtra kRti 'parIkSA mukha, sUtra hai, jo nyAyasUtra graMthoM meM apanA asAdhAraNa sthAna aura mahatva rakhatA hai| parIkSA mukha-yaha jaina nyAya kA Adyasutra grantha hai jo chaha adhyAyoM vibhakta hai aura jisake sUtroM kI kula saMkhyA 207hai| ye saba sUtra sarasa, gaMbhIra aura artha gaurava ko lie hue haiN| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM sAMkhya sUtra, yogasUtra, nyAyasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra, mImAMsakasUtra aura brahmasUtra prAdi dArzanikamUtra grantha prAcIna haiN| kintu jaina nyAya ko sUtra baddha karane vAlA koI grantha usa samaya taka nahIM thaa| ata: prAcArya mANikyanandI ne usa kamI ko dUra kara isa sUtra grantha kI racanA kI hai| isa grantha meM pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| ataH unako yaha kRti asAdhAraNa aura apUrva hai, aura nyAyamUra graMthoM meM apanA sAmAna rakhatA hai| kisI viSaya meM nAnA yuktiyoM ko prabalatA aura durbalatA kA nizcaya karane ke liye jo vicAra kiyA jAtA hai use parIkSA kahate haiN| isa parIkSAmukha ke sUtroM kA AdhAra nyAyasUtra yAdi ke sAtha akalaMka deva ke ladyostraya, nyAyavinizcaya aura pramANasagrahamAdi haiN| isa sUtra grantha para dignAga ke 'nyAyapraveza' aura dharma kIrti ke 'nyAya bindu' kA bhI prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / uttaravartI prAcAryoM meM vAdideva sUri ke pramANa naya tattvAloka aura hemacandra kI pramANa mImAMsApara parIkSAmukha apanA pramiTa prabhAva rakhatA hai / jo alpAkSaroM vAlA hai, asaMdigdha, sAravAna. gaDha artha kA nirNAyaka, nirdoSa tathA tathya rUpa ho vaha sUtra kahalAtA hai| parIkSAmukha meM sUtra kA ukta lakSaNa bhalIbhAMti saMghaTita hai isa grantha para aneka TIkA grantha likhe gae haiN| unase isakI mahattA kA spaSTa bodha hotA hai| isa sUtra grantha para mANikyanaMdI ke ziSya pramAcandra ne 12 hajAra zloka pramANa 'prameya kamala mArtaNDa' nAma kI eka vRhat TIkA likhI hai / yaha jaina nyAya zAstra kA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai| isakA nAma hI isa bAta kA saMsUcaka hai ki yaha grantha prameya rUpI kamaloM ke liye mArtaNDa (sUrya) ke samAna hai / prabhAcandra ne yaha TIkA bhojadeva ke hI rAjya meM banAkara samApta kI thii| dUsarI TIkA prameyaratnamAlA anantavIrya kI kRti hai, jise unhoMne udAra candrikA (cAMdanI) kI upamA dI hai aura apanI racanA prameya ratnamAlA ko prameya kamala mArtaNDa ke sAmane khadyota (jugana) ke samAna batalAyA hai| yaha ladhu TIkA saMkSipta aura prasanna racanA zailI meM haiN| isa para sAgara meM gAgara vAlI kahAvata caritArtha hotI hai| tIsarI TIkA 'prameyaratnAlaMkAra' hai, jo bhaTTAraka cArukIti dvArA parIkSAmukha ke sUtroM para likhI gaI hai| bhaTTAraka cAra kIrti zravaNa belagolA ke nivAsI the| dezIgaNa meM agraNI the / grantha kI puSpikA meM inhoMne apane 1. viruddha nAnA yukti prAbalya daurajalyAvadhAraNAma pravartamAno vicAra: priikssaa| -(nyAmadIpikA) lakSitasya lakSaNa mupapadyata na ketti vicAra: priikssaa| -taka saMgraha padakRtya / 2. dekho, anekAnta / 3. asAkSara masaMdigdha sAravad gUDhanieMyam / nidoSa hetumattathyaM sUtra sUSido viduH / -prameya ratnamAlA Ti-paNa i. 4. prabhenduvacanodAra candrikA prasarasati / mAdRzAH kvanu gaNyanta jyotirikSaNa salibhA:-prameya rtnmaalaa| 5. zrI nArakosidhuryassantanute paNDitAmunivaryaH / vyAkhyA prameyarasnAlaMkArAcyA munIndrasUtrANAm /

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myArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcA 276 ko cArukIrti paNDitAcArya sUcita kiyA hai| aura grantha ke tIsare zloka meM gurumANikya nando mere hRdaya meM nirantara "harSa kareM aisI AkAMkSA vyakta kI hai "harSa varSatu santataM hRdi gurumANikyanandI mama / / " parIkSA mukha ke samAna isameM bhI chaha pariccheda haiN| yaha TIkA prameya ratnamAlA se grAkAra meM bar3I hai| aura isameM kucha aise viSayoM kA bhI pratipAdana hai jo prayatna mAlA meM nahIM milte| yaha racanA prameya kamala mArtaNDa aura prameya ratnamAlA ke madhya ko kar3I yA sopAna hai jisake dvArA nyAyazAstra ke jijJAsu usa bhavana para AsAnI se ArohaNa kara sakate haiN| yaha granya abhI prakAzita hai, isakI prati jaina siddhAnta bhavana prArA meM upalabdha hai / parIkSA mukha ke svApUrvArtha vyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANaM' sUtra para likho gaI zAnti varNoM ko svataMtra kRti prameya kaThikA hai | yaha grantha pAMca stabakoM meM vibhakta hai| isameM prameya ratnamAlAntargata kucha viziSTa viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa ise parIkSA mukha kI TIkA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / graMtha abhI aprakAzita hai| yaha prati bhI jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA meM maujUda haiN| mANikya nandI vi0 kI 11vIM sadI ke vidvAna haiM / nayananvI yaha prAcArya kundakunda 'kI paramparA meM hone vAle trailokyanandI ke praziSya zrIra mANikyanandI ke prathama vidyA ziSya the / inhoMne apanI kRti sudarzana carita kI prazasti meM jo guru paramparA do hai vaha mahatvapUrNa hai / prastuta nayanandI rAjA bhoja ke rAjyakAla meM hue haiN| inhoMne vahIM para vidyAdhyayana kara grantha racanA kI hai| inake dIkSA guru kauna the, kyA hai? yaha kucha jJAta nahIM hotA / kavi kAvya zAstra meM niSNAta the, sAtha hI prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASA ke viziSTa vidvAna the| chanda zAstra ke parijJAnI the / kavi ne dhArA nagarI ke eka jaina maMdira ke mahA vihAra meM baiThakara apanA 'sudaMsaNa caritra' paramAravaMzI rAjA bhoja deva, tribhuvana nArAyaNa ke rAjya meM vi0 saM0 1100 meM banAkara samApta kiyA thaa| usake rAjyakAla ke zilAlekha saM0 1077 se 1104 taka ke pAye jAte haiN| jisakA rAjya rAjasthAna meM cittaur3a se lekara dakSiNa meM koMkaNa va godAvarI taka vistRta thA / sudaMsaNacariu apabhraMzabhASA kA eka khaNDa kAvya hai, jo mahAkAvyoM kI zreNI meM rakhane yogya hai| jahAM granthakA carita bhAga rocaka aura pAkarSaka hai vahA~ vaha sAlaMkAra kAvya-kalA kI dRSTi se uccakoTi kA hai| kavi ne use nirdoSa aura sarasa banAne kA pUrA prayatna kiyA hai| granthakAra ne svayaM likhA hai ki rAmAyaNa meM rAma aura sItA kA fayoga tathA zoka janya vyAkulatA ke darzana hote haiM, aura mahA bhArata meM pANDava tathA dhRtarASTrAdi kauravoM ke paraspara kalaha evaM mArakATa ke dRzya paMkti milate haiN| tathA loka zAstra meM bhI kaulika, cora, vyAdha Adi kI kahAniyA~ sunane meM thAtI haiM, kintu isa sudarzana carita meM aisA eka bhI doSa nahIM hai, jaisA ki usake nimna vAkya se prakaTa haiM : rAmo so vidyaya-soya-viharaM saMpatu rAmAyaNe, jAvaM pANDava- dhAyaraTTha savayaM golaM kalI- bhaarhe| DA-koliya-thora-rajju-giravA AhAsivA suye, / viteos free caride bosa samubhAsivaM // kavi ne kAvya ke Adarza ko vyakta karate hue likhA hai ki rasa aura elaMkAra se yukta kavi kI kavitA meM jo rasa milatA hai vaha na taruNijanoM ke vidruma samAna rakta pravaroM meM na Amraphala meM, na Ikha meM, na mamRta meM, na hAlA ( maMdira 1 ) meM, na candana meM na candramA meM hI milatA hai / 1. parIkSAsUtrasyAcaM vivRSmahe / iti zrI zAnti viracitAyAM prameya kaNThikAyA ........ stavakaH 2. for vikkama kAla ho vaSagae eyAraha saMcchara-sasu tahi kevaldI cariu amaya chorA / eAyanaMdI virayaJca vityareNa / - sudaMsaNacarida 3. yo saMjAvaM tadariNa ahare vimAratasohe, yo sAhAre samiyamamare va pu bicchu / No pIyUse lekhahiNe canda vicanye, sAlaMkAre sukaddamaNide gaM rasa hodi kavve //

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280 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 2 / prastuta grantha meM sudarzana ke niSkalaMka carita kI garimA ne use aura bhI pAvana evaM paThanIya banA diyA hai| grantha meM 12 sandhiyAM aura 207 kaDalaka haiM, jinameM sudarzana ke jIvana paricaya ko akita kiyA gayA hai| parantu kathA kAvya meM kavi kI kathana zailI, rasa aura alaMkAroM kI puTa, sarasa kavitA, zAnti aura vairAgyarasa tathA prasaMgavaza kalA kA abhivyaMjana, nAyikA ke bheda, RtuoM kA varNana aura unake beSa-bhUSA Adi kA citraNa, vividha chandoM kI bharamAra, hai ve grantha meM mAtrika viSama mAtrika lagabhaga 12 chandoM kA ullekha maya udAharaNoM ke diye gae haiN| isase nayanandI chanda zAstra ke vizeSa jJAtA jAna par3ate haiN| lokopayogI subhASita, aura yathA sthAna dharmopadezAdi kA vive. cana isa kAvya grantha kI apanI vizeSatA ke nidarzaka haiM aura kavi ko grAntarika bhadratA ke dyotaka haiN| anya meM paMca namaskAra maMtra kA phala prApta karane vAle seTha sudarzana ke caritra kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| kathAvastu caritra nAyaka yadyapi vaNika zreSThI hai to bhI usakA caritra atyanta nirmala tathA bheruvat nizcala hai| usakA rUpa-lAvaNya itanA cittAkarSaka thA ki usake bAhara nikalate hI yubatijanoM kA samUha use dekhane ke liye utkaMThita hokara makAnoM kI chatoM dvArA tathA jharokhoM meM ikaTThA ho jAtA thA, vaha kAmadeva kA kamanIya rUpa jo thaa| sAtha hI vaha guNajJa aura apanI pratijJa ke pAlana meM atyanta rAdhamAMcaraNa karane meM tatpara, savase miSThabhASI aura mAnava jIvana kI mahattA se paricita thA aura thA viSaya vikAroM se vihIna / grantha kA kathA bhAga sundara maura mAkarSaka hai|: aMga dezake caMpApura nagara meM, jahAM rAjA dhAr3IvAhana rAjya karatA thaa| vahAM vaibhava sampanna RSabhadAsa seTha kA eka gopAlaka (gvAlA) thA, jo gaMgA meM gAyoM ko pAra karAte samaya pAnI ke vega se DUba kara mara gayA thA aura marate samaya paMca namaskAra, maMtra kI prArAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa usI seTha ke yahAM putra humA thaa| usakA nAma sudarzana rakkhA gyaa| sUdarzana ko usake pitA ne saba prakAra se suzikSita evaM catura banA diyA, aura usakA vivAha sAgaradatta seTha kI putrI manoramA se kara diyaa| apane pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda vaha apane kArya kA vidhivat saMcAlana karane lgaa| sudarzana ke rUpa kI cAroM ora carcA thI, usake rUpavAna zarIra ko dekhakara usa nagara ke rAjA dhAr3I vAhana kI rAnI abhayA usa para prAsakta ho jAtI hai aura use prApta karane kI abhilASA se apanI catura paMDitA dAsI ko seTha sudarzana ke yahAM bhejato hai, paMDitA dAsI rAnI kI pratijJA sunakara rAnI ko patitrata dharma kA acchA upadeza karato hai aura sudarzana ko caritra-niSThA ko ora bhI saMketa karatI hai, kintu abhayA apane vicAroM se nizcala rahatI hai aura paMDitA dAsI ko ukta kArya kI pUrti ke liye khAsa taura se prerita karatI hai| paMDitA sudarzana ke pAsa kaI bAra jAto hai aura nirAza hokara lauTa AtI hai, para eka bAra vaha dAsI kisI kapaTa-kalA dvArA sudarzana ko rAja mahala meM pahuMcA detI hai / sudarzana ke rAja mahala meM pahuMca jAne para bhI abhayA apane kArya meM asaphala raha jAtI hai-usako manokAmanA pUrI nahIM ho paatii| isase usake citta meM asahya vedanA hotI hai aura vaha usase apane prapagAna kA badalA lene para utArU ho jAtI hai, vaha apanI kuTilatA kA mAyA jAla phailA kara apanA sukomala zarIra apane hI nakhoM se rudhiraplAvita kara DAlatI hai aura cillAne lagatI hai ki dor3o logoM mujhe bacAo, sudarzana ne mere satItva kA apaharaNa kiyA hai, rAjakarmacArI sudarzana ko pakar3a lete haiM aura rAjA ajJAnatA vaza kodhita ho rAnI ke kahe anusAra sudarzana ko sUlI para car3hAne kA Adeza de detA hai| para sudarzana apane zIlabrata kI niSThA se vijayI hotA hai- eka deva prakaTa hokara usakI rakSA karatA hai / rAjA dhADIvAhana kA usa vyantara se yuddha hotA hai aura rAjA parAjita hokara sudarzana kI zaraNa meM pahuMcatA hai, rAjA ghaTanA ke rahasya kA ThIka hAla jAna kara apane kRtya para pazcAtApa karatA hai aura sudarzana ko rAjya dekara virakta honA cAhatA hai, parantu sudarzana saMsAra-bhogoM se svayaM hI virakta hai, vaha digambara dIkSA lekara tapazcaraNa karatA hai rAjA ke lauTane se pUrva hI prabhayA rAnI ne AtmaghAta kara liyA aura mara kara pATaliputra nagara meM vyantarI huii| paMDitA bhI pATaliputra bhAga gaI aura vahAM devadattA gaNikA ke yahAM rahane lgii| muni sudarzana kaThoratA se cAritra kA anuSThAna karane lage / ve vihAra karate hue pATaliputra pahu~ce / unheM dekha

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pAravIM aura bArahavoM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 281 paMDitA ne devadattA gaNikA ko unakA paricaya kraayaa| gapikA ne chala se unheM apane gRha meM praveza karAkara kapATa banda kara diye, gaNikA ne muni ko pralobhita karane kI aneka ceSTAeM kii| anta meM nirAza ho usane unheM zmazAna meM jA ddaalaa| vahAM jaba ve dhyAnastha the, tabhI eka devAMganA kA vimAna unake Upara Akara ruka gyaa| devAMganA ruSTa huI / aura muni ko dekha kara use apane abhayA rAnI vAle pUrva janma kA smaraNa ho aayaa| usane vikriyA Rddhi se muni ke cAroM ora ghora upasarga kiyA, to bhI sudarzana muni dhyAna meM sthira rhe| isI bIca eka vyantara ne pAkara usa vyantarI ko lalakArA, use parAjita kara bhagA diyA / kucha samaya pazcAt sudarzana muni ke cAra ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza ho gayA aura unheM kevala jJAna prApta havA / devAdika indroM ne unakI stuti ko, kubera ne samosaraNa kI racanA kii| kevalI ke upadeza ko sunakara vyantarI ko vairAgya ho gayA, usane tathA nara-nAriyoM ne samyaktva ko dhAraNa kiyaa| pravaziSTa aghAti karmoM kA nAza kara sudarzana ne mukti pada prApta kiyaa| kavi kI dUsarI kuti 'sayala vihibihANakaca' hai, jo eka vizAla kAvya hai jisameM 58 saMdhiyoM prasiddha haiM, parantu bIca kI 16 saMthiyA~ upalabdha nahIM hai / grantha ke Tita hone ke kAraNa jAnane kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / prArambha ko do-tIna saMdhiyoM meM grantha ke avataraNa Adi para prakAza DAlate hue 12 vIM se 15 vI saMdhi taka mithyAtva ke kAla mithyAtva aura loka mithyAtva Adi aneka mithyAtvoM kA svarUpa nirdiSTa karate hue kriyA vAdi aura prakriyAvAdi bhedoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| parantu kheda hai ki 15vIM sandhi ke pazcAt 32 vI sandhi taka 16 sandhiyA~ Amera bhaNDAra kI prati meM nahIM haiN| ho sakatA hai ki ve lipi kartA ko na milI hoN| grantha kI bhASA praur3ha hai aura vaha kavi ke apabhraMza bhASA ke sAdhikAritva' ko sUcita karatI hai| andhAnta meM sandhivAkya padya meM nibaddha kiye haiN| muNivaraNayadi saNNiddhe pasibaDhe, sayalavihi vihANe etya kathye subhambe, samavasaraNasaMsi seNie saMpaveso, bhagija jaNa maNujjo ema saMghI tibajjo // 3 // grantha kI 32vIM sandhi meM madya-mAMsa-madhu ke doSa aura udaMbarAdi paMca phaloM ke tyAga kA vidhAna aura phala batalAyA gayA hai / 33 vIM saMdhi meM paMca aNuvratoM kA kathana diyA huA hai aura 36 vIM saMdhi meM aNuvratoM kI vizeSatAeM batalAI gaI haiN| aura unameM prasiddha puruSoM ke AkhyAna bhI yathA sthAna diye hue haiN| 56 vIM saMdhi ke anta meM sallekhanA (samAdhimaraNa) kA spaSTa vivecana kiyA gayA hai aura vidhi meM prAcArya samantabhadra kI sallekhanA vidhi ke kathana-krama ko apanAyA gayA hai| isase yaha kAvya grantha gRhasthopayogI vratoM kA bhI vidhAna karatA hai| isa dRSTi se bhI isa grantha kI upayogitA kama nahIM hai| chanda zAstra kI dRSTi se isa grantha kA adhyayana aura prakAzana Avazyaka hai / kyoMki grantha meM 30-35 chandoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai jinake nAmoM kA ullekha prazasti saMgraha kI prastAvanA meM kiyA gayA hai / grantha kI pAdya prazasti itihAsa kI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI prastuta karatI hai| usameM kavi ne granya banAne meM preraka harisiMha muni kA ullekha karate hue apane se pUrvavartI jana jenetara aura kucha sama sAmayika vidvAnoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| jo aitihAsika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| sama-sAmayika vidvAnoM meM, zrI candra, prabhAcandra aura zrI kumAra kA, jinheM sarasvatI kumAra bhI kahate the, nAma diye haiN|| kavibara nayanandI ne rAjA bhoja, harisiMha, prAdi ke nAmollekha ke sAtha-sAtha vaccharAja, aura prabhu Izvara kA ullekha kiyA hai aura unheM vikramAditya kA mAMDalika prakaTa kiyA hai| yathA jahiM baccharAu puNa puhai vacchu, hutau puha Isaha suubvtyu| ho eppiNu patthae hariyarAu, maMDaliu vikkamAica jAu / / saMdhi 2 patra isI saMdhi meM calakara aMbAiya aura kAMcIpura kA ullekha kiyA hai, kavi isa sthAna para gaye the| isake anantara hI vallabharAja kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisane durlabha jina pratimAoM kA nirmANa karAyA thA, aura jahAM para rAmanandI, jayakIti aura mahAkIrti pradhAna the| jaisA ki grantha kI nimna paMktiyoM se prakaTa hai : 1. jaina grantha prazAsti saMgraha bhA0 2 prasyAvanA pR0 50

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212 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 'aMbAhaya kaMcaupura viratta, jahiM bhamaI bhavya bhattihi pasatta / jahi ballaharAe~ ballaheNa, kArAviu kittaNa bullaheNa / jiNa paDimA lakija gamchamANa, keNa biyaMbhiu suravimANa / jahi rAmaNaMvi guNamaNi NihArA jayakisimahAkitti vi phaannu| iya tiNi viprmy-maaii-myNd-miccht-viddbimoddnngii|' ukta pacoM meM ullikhita rAmanandI kauna haiM, aura unakI guru paramparA kyA hai aura jayakoti mahAkoti se se inakA kyA sambandha hai ? yaha prajJAta hai| ye tInoM vidvAna bhI nayanandI ke samakAlIna haiN| rAmanando prAcArya the| inake ziSya bAlacanda ne kavi se sakalavidhi-vidhAna banAne kA saMketa kiyA thaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se ina vidvAnoM ke sambandha meM vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| prAkRta zrutaskandha ke kartA, brahma hemacandra ke guru bho rAmanandI haiN| aura mANikya nandI ke guru bhI rAmanando haiM / ye donoM bhinna-bhinna vidvAna haiM yA abhinna haiM, yaha vicAraNIya hai| pramAcandra mANikyanandI ke anya vidyA ziSyoM meM prabhAcandra pramukha rahe haiM / ve unake 'parIkSAmukha' nAmaka sUtra-grantha ke kuzala TIkAkAra bhI haiM / darzana zAstra ke atirikta ve siddhAnta ke bhI vidvAna the| prAcArya prabhAcandra ne uktadhArA nagarI meM rahate hue kevala darzana zAstra kA pradhyayana hI nahIM kiyA ; pratyuta dhArAdhipabhoja ke dvArA pratiSThA pAkara apanI vidvattA kA vikAsa bhI kiyaa| sAtha hI vizAla dArzanika granthoM ke nirmANa ke sAtha aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai / 'prameya kamala mArtaNDa' (parIkSAmukha TIkA) nAmaka vizAla dArzanika anya suprasiddha rAjA bhoja ke rAjyakAla meM hI racA gayA hai / aura 'nyAya kumudavandra' (laghIyatraya TIkA) pArAdhanA-gadya kathAkoza puSpadanta ke mahApurANa (grAdipurANa-uttarapurANa) para TippaNa-grantha tatvArya vRtti pada TippaNa, zabdAmbhoja bhAskara samAdhitaMtra TIkA ye saba grantha rAjA jayasiMha deva ke rAjya kAla meM raghe gaye haiN| zeSa grantha pravacana saroja mAskara, paMcAstikAyapradIpa, prAramAnuzAsana tilaka, kriyAkalApa TIkA, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra TIkA, pRhatsvayaMbhUstotra TIkA, tathA pratikramaNapATha TIkA, ye saba prantha kaba aura kisake rAjyakAla meM race gae haiM ye inhIM prabhAcandra ko kRti hai yA anya kI yaha vicAraNIya hai| inameM pravacana sarojabhAskara aura pacAstikAya pravIpa to inhIM prabhAcandra kI kati haiN| zeSa ke sambandha meM sapramANa nirNaya karane kI jarUrata hai ki inhIM kI kRti hai| yA kisI anya prabhAcandra kii| ye prabhAcaMdra vahI jJAta hote haiM jinakA zravaNa belagola ke zilAlekha ne0 40 ke anusAra mUlasaMghAntargata nandIgaNa ke bhedarUpa dezoyagaNa ke gollAcArya ke ziSya eka pavikarNa kaumAravatI papranandI saiddhAMtika kA ullekha hai jo karNaveyasaMskAra hone se pUrva hI dIkSita ho gae the| unake ziSya (paura kulabhUSaNa ke sadharmA eka prabhAcandra kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai jisameM kulabhUSaNa ko cAritrasAgara aura siddhAnta ke pAragAmI batalAyA gayA hai| paura prabhAcandra ko zabdAmbhoruha bhAskara tathA prathita tarka-andhakAra prakaTa kiyA hai| isa zilAlekha meM muni kulabhUSaNa kI ziSya paramparA kA bhI ullekha nihita hai| praSikarNAdika papanadI saiddhAntikAlyo'janiyasya loke| kaumAraveSavAsitA prasirijaoNyAta sajjAniSiH sbiirH|| sapichaSyaH kulabhUSaNAkhyA yatipazcAritravAra midhiHsiddhAntAmyuSi pArapo natavineyastatsavoM mahAn / zavAmbhoruha bhAskaraH prathita sampakAraH prabhAcadaralyA mumirAja paMritabara:zrIkumbakumbAmbayaH / / tasya zrI kulabhUSaNAlya sumaneziSyo vinayastuta: savRttaH kulacanadeva bhUmipassibApata vidyAnidhiH / / zravaNa velgola ke 55 zilAlekha'maiM mUlasaMdha dezIyagaNa ke devendrasaiddhAntika ke ziSya, patumakha deva ke ziSya gopanandI paura inhIM gopanandI ke saSarmA eka prabhAcandra kA ullekha bhI kiyA gayA hai, jo prabhAcandra pArA

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 263 dhIzvara rAjA bhoja dvArA pUjita the aura nyAya rUpa kamala samUha ko vikasita karane vAle dinamaNi, zrI zabdarUpa abja ko praphullita karane vAle rodomaNi (bhAskara) sadRza the aura paNDita rUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle sUrya tathA rudravAdi diggaja vidvAnoM ko vaza karane ke liye aMkuza ke samAna the tathA caturmukha deva ke ziSya se / donoM ho zilAlekhoM meM ullikhita prabhAcandra eka hI vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| hAM, dvitIya lekha (55) meM caturmukhadeva kA nAma nayA jarUra hai, para yaha saMbhava pratIta hotA hai ki prabhAcandra ke dakSiNa deza se dhArA meM zrAne ke pazcAt dezIyagaNa ke vidvAna caturmukhadeva bhI unake guru rahe hoM to koI grAzvayaM nahIM kyoMki guru bhI to kaI prakAra ke hote haiM - dIkSA guru vidyA guru shraadi| eka-eka vidvAna ke kaI-kaI guru aura kaI-kaI ziSya hote the| ataeva aga bhI prabhAcandra ke kisI viSaya meM guru rahe hoM, aura isaliye ve unheM samAdara kI dRSTi se dekhate ho, no koI Apatti kI bAta nahIM, apane se bar3oM ko Aja bhI pUjya aura AdaraNIya mAnA jAtA hai / aba rahI samaya kI bAta, so Upara yaha batalAyA jA cukA hai ki prabhAcandra ne prameya kamalamANDa ko rAjA bhoja ke rAjya kAla meM racA hai| jisakA rAjya kAla saMvata 2070 se 1150 taka kA batalAyA jAtA hai / usake rAjya kAla ke do dAna patra saMvat 1076 aura 1079 ke mile haiM / AcArya prabhAcandra ne devanaMdI ko tatvArtha vRti ke viSama-padoM kA eka vivaraNAtmaka TippaNa likhA hai / usake prArambha meM zramitagati ke saMskRta paMtrasaMgraha kA nimna padya uddhata kiyA hai varga: zakti samUho NoraNUna vargaNoditA / vargaNAnAM samUhastu spardhaka spardhakAvahaiH // paMca saMgraha masUtikApura meM, jo vartamAna meM 'masIda vilaudA' grAma ke nAma se samApta kiyA hai / zramitagati dhArAdhipa muMja kI sabhA ratna bhI the| isase disaMvat 1073 ke bAda banAyA hai| kitane dina bAda banAyA hai / yaha amitagati ne apanA yaha prasiddha haiM, vi0 saM 1073 meM banAkara sApha hai ki prabhAga ne bAta yabhI vicAraNIya hai / nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa ke kartA mAcArya vAdirAja ne apanA pArzvanAtha carita zaka saM0 647 (vi0 saM0 1082) meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| yadi rAjA bhoja ke prArambhika rAjyakAla meM prabhAcandra ne prameya kamalamArtaNDa banAyA hotA, to vAdirAja usakA ullekha avazya hI krte| para nahIM kiyA, isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya laka prameya kamalamArtaNDa kI racanA nahIM huI thii| hAM, sudarzana carita ke kartA muni nayanandI ne jo mANivaya nandI ke prathama vidyAziSya the aura prabhAcandra ke samakAlIna gurubhAI bhI the, apanA 'sudarzanacarita' vi0 saM0 1100 meM banAkara samApta kiyA thaa| usake bAda 'sakala vidhi vidhAna' nAma kA kAvyagrantha banAyA, jisameM pUrvavartI aura samakAlIna aneka vidvAnoM kA ullekha karate hue prabhAcandra kA nAmollekha kiyA hai parantu usameM unakI racanAoM kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| isase spaSTa hai ki prameya kamala mArtaNDa kI racanA saM0 1100 ke bAda kisI samaya huI hai aura nyAya kumudacandra [saM0 1992 ke bAda kI racanA hai, kyoMki jayasiMha rAjA bhoja (saM0 1110) ke bAda kisI samaya uttarAdhikArI huA hai| nyAya kumudacandra jayasiMha ke rAjya meM racA gayA hai| isase prabhAcandra kA samaya vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarAdha aura 12 vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha honA cAhiye / 1 zrI dhArAdhipa-bhojarAjamukuTa protAsma- ravimacchaTA chAyA kukuma-paMka lipta caraNAmmo jAta lakSmIdhana: nyAyAbjAkaramaNDane dinamaNipAdAbja-rodomaNiH syAtpaNDita- puNDarIka taraNiH zrImAn prabhAcandramA || 17|| zrIcaturmukha devAnAM ziSyo'zrUSyaH pravAdibhiH / paNDita zrIprabhAcandro rudrAdi gaMjAMkuzaH ||18|| 2 yadhikedAnAM sahasra zatavidvaSaH / mamUrtikA puraM jAta midaM zAstraM manoramam / paMcasaMha - 6 - jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhA0 150 116 /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna malayara ne Avazyaka nirguli TIkA (10 3714) meM laghIyastraya kI eka kArikA kA vyAkhyAna karate hue 'TIkA kArake' nAma se nyAya kumudra candra meM kiyA gayA ukta kArikA kA vyAkhyAna bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| 12vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna devabhadra ne nyAyAvatAra TIkA TippaNa (10 21.76 ) meM prabhAcandra aura unake nyAya kumudacandra kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| ataH 12 vIM zatAbdI ke ina vidvAnoM ke ullekha se spaSTa hotA hai ki prabhAcandra 12 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArtha se Age ke vidvAna nahIM ho sakate / racanAeM 284 AcArya prabhAcandra kI nimna kRtiyAM prasiddha haiM-- 1 tasvArtha vRti pada vivaraNa (sarvArtha siddhi ke diyamapadoM kA TippaNa / 2 pravacana saroja bhAskara ( pravacanasAra TIkA ) 3 prameya kamalamArtaNDa ( parIkSAmukha vyAkhyA ) 4 nyAya kumudacandra (labIyastraya vyAkhyA) 5 zabdAmbhoja bhAskara 6 mahApurANa TippaNa 7 gadya kathA koza (ArAdhanA kathA prabandha) = paMcAstikAya pradIpa (paMcAstikAya TIkA) kriyA kalApa TIkA 10 ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra TIkA 11 samAdhitaMtra TIkA 12 / sasvArtha vRttipada vivaraNa- yaha tasvArtha vRtti (sarvArthasiddhi) ke aprakaTa-vipamapadoM kA vivaraNa hai| prabhAcandra ne isa vivaraNa meM vRtti ke kathana ko puSTa karane ke lie aneka granthoM ke vAkyoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| una granthoM meM aneka grantha prAcIna aura pUrvavartI haiN| aura kucha samasAmayika tathA unase kucha varSa pahale ke haiN| mUlAcAra, bhAva pAhuDa, paMca saMgraha, siddhabhakti, yuktyanu zAsana, bhagavatI grArAdhanA bhraSTazatI, gommaTasAra jIva kAMDa, saMskRta paMcasaMgraha ra vasunandi shraavkaacaar| inameM saMskRta paMca saMgraha ke kartA amitagati (dvitIya) vi0 saM0 1050 se 1073 ke vidvAna haiN| unakA paMca saMgraha 1073 kI racanA hai| aura vasunandi kA samaya 12 vIM zatAbdI batalAyA jAtA hai| yadi 'paDigahamuccaThThANaM' gAthA vasunandi kI hai, pUrvavartI anya kI nahIM hai taba yaha vicAraNIya hai ki ukta gAthA ke rahate hue ukta vivaraNa bhI 12 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM racA gayA hai / pravacana saroja bhAskara - prAcArya kundakunda ke pravacanasAra kI TIkA hai| prabhAcandra kI isa TIkA kA nAma 'prabacana saroja bhAskara' hai / ai0 pannAlAla di0 jaina sarasvatI bhavana bambaI kI yaha 53 patrAtmaka prati saM0 1555 kI likhI huI hai, aura jo giripura meM likhI gaI thii| isa prati meM prAcArya zramRtacandra ke dvArA pravacanasAra TIkA meM avyAkhyAta 36 gAthAeM bhI pravacana sarojabhAskara meM yathA sthAna vyAkhyAta haiN| jayamenIya TIkA meM pravacana sarojabhAskara kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / sabhAcandra ne jaba aksara dekhA tabhI unhoMne saMkSepa se dArzanika muddoM kI carcA kI hai / TIkA prati saMkSipta hote hue bhI vizada hai| isakA puSpikA vAkya nimna prakAra hai :-" iti zro prabhA candra viracite pravacana saroja bhAskare, zubhopayogAdhikAra samApta: / " prameya kamala mAtaMga - yaha mANikyanandI zrAcArya ke 'parIkSAmukha' nAmaka sUtra grantha kI vistRta vyAkhyA hai| cUMki parIkSAmukha sUtra zuddha nyAya kA grantha hai / ataH prameyakamalamArtaNDa kA pratipAdya viSaya bhI nyAyazAstra se sambandhita hai / sammati TIkAkAra abhayadeva sUri aura syAdvAda ratnAkara ke racayitA vAdideva sUri ne isa graMtha kA vizeSa anusaraNa kiyA hai| syAdvAda ratnAkara meM to prameyakamalamArtaDa ke kartA kA nAma nirdeza bhI kiyA hai| aura strImukti tathA kevalabhukti ke samarthana meM usakI yuktiyoM kA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai| vAdideva kA janma vi0 saM0 1143 meM aura svargavAsa saM0 1222 meM huA thA / ye saM0 1974 meM prAcArya pada para pratiSThita hue the| isake bAda unhoMne saM0 1975 (san 1918) lagabhaga sthAdvAda ratnAkara kI racanA kI hogii| syAdvAda ratnAkara meM prameya kamala mArtaNDa aura nyAya kumudacandra kA na kevala zabdArthAnusaraNa hI kiyA gayA hai kintu kavalAhAra samarthana prakaraNa tathA pratibimba carcA meM prabhAcandra aura unake prameyakamalamArtaNDa kA nAmollekha karake khaMDana kiyA hai| prabhAcandra inase bahuta pUrvavartI haiN| unakI uttarAvadhi san 1100 I0 hai prabhAcandra kI yaha TIkA prameya bahula hai| prameya kamala mArtaNDa kI yaha racanA dhArAdhIza bhoja ke rAjya kAla meM huI hai / myAya kumudacandra-kalaMka deva ke laghIyastrayakI TIkA hai| mUla laghIyastraya meM 78 kArikAeM aura tIna praveza haiM -pramANa praveza nayapraveza aura pravacanapraveza / prathama praveza meM 4 pariccheda haiM, dUsare meM eka aura tIsare meM do

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285 gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya dina haiN| bArA nyAya dUsa meM vitthaiN| jinameM pramANa naya, nikSepa pIra pravacana pravezakA prati pAdya viSaya kA UhApoha ke sAtha vivecana kiyA gayA hai| ina ke atirikta tarasamvandhi avAntara aneka viSayoM ko pUrva usara pakSa ke rUpa meM carcA kI gaI hai| nyAya kumuda kI bhASA lalita aura pravAha nirvAdha hai| dAnika gelo aura bhASA sauSThava, sukhada hai tathA sAhitya ke marmajJa vyAkhyAkAra anantavIrya aura vidyAnandI kA anusaraNa karane kA prayala kiyA gayA hai| isane mahAn TokA grantha kA nirmANa karane para bhI prabhAcandra ne nimna padya meM apanI laghulA hI prakaTa kI hai| aura likhA hai ki na mujhameM vaisA jJAna hI haiM aura na sarasvatI ne ho koI vara pradAna kiyA hai / tathA isa grantha ke nirmANa meM kisI se vAcanika sahAyatA bhI nahIM mila sakI hai| bodho meM na tathA vidho'sti na sarasvatyA pradatto varaH / sAhAyaJca na kasyacidvAcanato'pyasti prbndhodye| prameya kamalamArtaNDa kI racanA ke bAda TIkAkAra prabhAcandra ke mAnasa meM jo navIna navIna yuktiyAM avatarita huI unakA isameM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jahAM dvirukti ko saMbhAvanA huI, vahAM unakA nirUpaNa nahIM kiyA kintu prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke avalokana karane kA nirdeza kara diyA hai| prabhAcandra ne apane svataMtra pravandhoM meM bahatasI maulika bAteM batalAI haiM, jaise vaibhASika sammata pratItyasamutpAda kA khaMDana, prativimba vicAra tama aura chAyA dravyatva Adi aneka prakaraNoM ke nAma ullekhanIya hai| nyAya kumuda kI racanA zailo prasanna aura manomagdhakara hai| prabhAcandra ne nyAya kumuda kI racanA dhArA ke jayasiMha deva ke rAjya meM kI hai| (nyAya ku0 prastAvanA) gvAmbhojabhAskara-zravaNabelagola ke zilA lekha naM0 40(64) meM prabhAcandra ke liye zabdAmbhojabhAskara vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki prameya kamalamArtaNDa aura nyAya kumuda jaise prathita takaM granyoM ke kartA prabhAcandra hI zabdAmbhojabhAskara nAmaka janendra vyAkaraNa mahAnyAsa ke kartA haiN| yaha nyAsa jainendra mahAvRtti ke bahata bAda banAyA gayA hai| namaH zrI vardhamAnAya mahate devanandine / prabhAcandrAya gurave tasmai cAbhavanandine / isa padya meM abhayanandi ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| zabdAmbhojabhAskara kA puSpikA vAkya isa prakAra hai: iti prabhAcana viracite zabadAmbhojabhAskare jainendra vyAkaraNa mahAnyAse tRtIyasyAdhyAyasya caturthaH pAdaH smaaptH| kyoMki isameM mahAvRtti ke zabdoM ko prAnupurvI se liyA gayA hai| vizeSa paricaya ke liye prameya kamala mArtaNDa kI prastAvanA dekheN| gaya kathA koza---yaha kathA prabandha saMskRta gadya meM racA gayA hai, jisameM 86 kathAeM haiN| usake bAda samApti sUcaka pUSpikA pAyI jAtI hai| prabhAcandra ne kamAe banAI haiM yA aura adhika yaha abhI nirNaya nahIM hmaa| ho sakatA hai ki lipi kartA se paltI meM puSpikA vAkya likhA gayA ho, aura bAda meM kucha kathAeM aura likhakara puSpikA vAkya likhA gayA ho| grantha sAmane na hone se usake sambandha meM vizeSa kucha kahanA saMbhava nhiiN| mahApurANaTippaNa- prabhAcandra ne puSpadanta ke apabhraMza bhASA ke mahApurANa (yAdi purANa-uttara purANa) para eka TippaNa likhA hai| yaha TippaNa dhArA ke rAjA jayasiMha ke rAjya kAla meM likhA gayA hai| puSpadanta ne apanA mahApurANa san 165 I0 meM samApta kiyA thaa| prabhAcandra ne usake bAda usa para TippaNa likhA hai| mAdi purANa TippaNa meM dhArA aura jayasiMha nareza kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| mahApurANa ke isa TippaNa ko zloka saMkhyA 3300 batalAI gaI hai| prAdi purANa kI 1950, aura usara purANa ko 1350 / Adi purANa TippaNa kA mAdi anta maMgala nimna prakAra hai: prAvi maMgala-praNamyavIra viSudhendra saMstutaM nirastadoSa vRSabhaM mahodayam / padArtha saMdigdhajana prabodhakam, mahApurANasya karomi TippaNam / / . ... ---- .... 1 puSpadanta ne mahApurANa siddhArtha saMvatsara 881 meM mahApurANa zurU kiyA aura 887 san 665 meM samApta kiyA thaa|

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286 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAga 2 anta samasta sandehaharaM manoharaM prakRSTapaNyaprabhavama jinezvam / kRtaM purAge prathame suTippaNa mukhAvavodha nikhilA darpaNam / / iti zrIprabhAcandra viracitamAvipurANahippaNakama paMcAsazloka hInaM sahasradvayaparimANaM parisamAptA / / uttara purANa TippaNa kA antima puSpikA vAkya nimna prakAra hai: zrI jasiha deva rAjye zrImaddhArAnivAsinaH parAparaparameSThi praNAmopA jitaramala puNya nirAkRtA khila kalaMkena zrI prabhAva paMDitena mahApurANa TippaNake zatazyadhika sahasratraya parimANaM kRti miti / pATIdI mandira jayapura prati kriyAkalApa TIkA-zrI paMDita prabhAcandra ke dvArA racI gaI hai| jaisA ki ai0 pannA lAla sarasvati bhavana bambaI ko hasta likhita prati kI antima prazasti se spaSTa hai :-- / vande mohanamo vinAzanapaTustralokya dIpa prbhuH| saMsRti samanvitasya nikhila snehasya saMzoSakaH / sidvAntAvisamastazAstrakiraNaH zrI padamandi prabhuH / tachiSyAtprakaTArthatAM stuti padaM prApta prbhaacndrtH|| isa prazasti padya se spaSTa hai ki kriyAkalApa ke TIkAkAra padmanandi saiddhAntika ke ziSya the| inake atirikta samAdhitaMtra TIkA, ratnakaraNDa TIkA, pAtmAnuzAsana tilaka TIkA, svayaMbhastotra TIkA paMcAstikAya pradIpa, pravacanasAra TIkA ko prati ToDA rAbasiMha ke neminAtha mandira meM saM0 1605 kI likhI huI maujada hai isakI yaha jA~ca karanA Avazyaka hai yaha TIkA pravacana saroja bhAskara se bhinna hai yA vahI hai aura samayasAra vRtti kI prati 65 patrAtmaka bhaTTArakIya bhaMDAra ajamera meM upalabdha hai ina TIkA granthoM meM samAdhitatra TIkA, ratna karaNDa TIkA, aura svayaMbhUstotra TIkA, to inhIM prabhAcandra kI mAnI ho jAtI hai| kintu zeSa TIkAtroM ke sambandha meM anveSaNa kara yaha nizcaya karanA zeSa hai ki ye TIkAe~ bhI unhIM prabhAcandra kI hai| yA anya kisI prabhAcandra kI haiN| vIrasena yaha mAthara saMgha ke prAcArya the, jo siddhAnta zAstroM ke pAragAmI vidvAna the / AcAryoM meM zreSTha the| aura mAthura saMgha ke vatiyoM meM variSTha the| kaSAya ke vinAza karane meM pravINa the| jaisA ki dharmaparIkSA prazasti ke nimna padya se spaSTa hai: siddhAnta pAthonidhi pAragAmI zrI viirseno'anisuurivryH| zrI mAthurANAM yamitAM variSThaH kaSAya vidhvaMsavidhau pttissttH|| vIrasenAcArya se 5vIM pIr3hI meM amitagati dvitIya he| inakA samaya saM01050 se 1073 hai / pratyeka kA kAla 20-20 varSa mAnA jAya to bIrasena kA samaya amitagati dvitIya se 100 varSa pUrva ThaharatA hai aura bIrasena ke ziSya devasena kA samaya dazavIM zatAbdI hai| ata: vIrasena kA samaya bhI 10vIM zatAbdI honA caahiye| devasena prastuta devasena siddhAnta samudra ke pAragAmI vidvAna vIrasena ke ziSya the / jo udayAcala rUpa sUrya ke samAna aMdhakAra kI pravRtti ko naSTa karane vAle, loka meM jJAna ke prakAzaka, satpuruSoM ke priya, tathA dhIratAse jinhoMne doSoM ko naSTa kara diyA hai, aise devasena nAma ke AcArya he| 1 vastA zeSa jAnta vRttimanasvI tasmAtsUridevaseno janiSTa / lokodyotI pUrva sailAdivAkaH ziSTA bhISTaH stheyaso'pAstadoSaH / / -dharma parIkSA pra.

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 287 yaha devasena mAtharasaMgha ke yatiyoM meM agraNI the| jisa prakAra sarva padArthoM ko prakAzita karatA hai aura pradoSA (rAtri) ko naSTa karatA hai, kamaloM ko vikasita karatA hai, usI prakAra AcArya devasena vastu svarUpa ko prakAzita karane aura prakRSTa doSoM se rahita hue bhavya rUpa kamaloM ko pramudita karate the| jaisA ki nimna patra se sASTa hai : zrI vevaseno'jani mAthurANAM gaNI yatInAM vihita pramodaH / tattvAvabhAsI nihatapradoSaH saroruhANAmiva tigmarazmiH / / isase yaha devasena mAthurasaMgha ke prabhAvazAlI vidvAna the / inake ziSya amitagati prathama the| jinhoMne yogasAra kI racanA kI hai| inakA samaya vi0 ko dazavIM zatAbdI hai / kyoMki inase 5vIM pIr3hI meM amitagati dvitIya hue haiM, jinakA racanA kAla saM0 1050 se 1073 hai| isameM se cAra pIr3hI kA 50 varSa samaya kama karane se saM. 163 pAtA hai / yahI devasenakA samaya hai| nemiSeNa yaha mAthurasaMgha ke vidvAna amitamati prathama ke ziSya the| samasta zAstroM ke jAnakAra aura zipyoM meM agraNI the, tathA mAthurasaMgha ke tilaka svarUpa the| jaisA ki subhASitaratnasandoha ko prazasti ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai : tasya zAta samasta zAstra samayaH ziSyaH satAmagraNIH / zrImanmAthurasaMghasAdhutilakaH zrInemiSeNo bhavataH // ukta nemiSeNAcArya mAthurasampradAya rUpa AkAza meM prakAza karane vAle candramA ke samAna, tathA grahanta bhASita tatvoM meM zaMkA ke vinAzaka aura vidvatsamUha rUpa ziSyoM se pUjita the / jaisA ki zrAvakAcAra ke nimna padya se spaSTa hai-- vidvatsamhAcita citra ziSyaH zrI nemiSeNo'jani tasya shissyH| zrI mAdhurAnaka nabhaH zazAMkaH sadA vidhatAhata tattva zaMkaH / / pArAdhanA prazasti meM bhI inheM sarva zAstrarUpI jalarAzike pArako prApta hone vAle, lokake, aMdhakAra ke vinAzaka aura zItarazmi ke samAna janapriya batalAyA hai| sarvazAstrajalarAzipArago nemiSeNa muni nAyakastataH / so'janiSTa bhakhane tamopahaH zItarazmirikha yo jana priyH|| inake ziSya mAdhabasena the, jo amitagati dvitIya ke guru the / cUMki amitati dvitIya kA samaya maM0 1050 saM 1073 taka sunizcata hai| inakA samaya saM 1011 ke lagabhaga honA caahiye| mAdhavasena mAdhavasena nAmake aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| unameM prastuta mAdhavasena mAthurasaMgha ke prAcArya nemipaMNa ke ziSya the| muniyoM ke svAmI, mAyA ke vinAzaka aura madana ko naSTa karane vAle brahmacArI the| aura vRhaspati ke 1 eka mAdhavasena bhaTTAraka mUlasaMgha senagaga aura pogarigaccha ke candraprabha siddhAnta deva ke ziSya the / inhoMne san 1124 I0 meM paMca parameSThI kA smaraNa kara samAdhi maraNa dvArA zarIra kA parityAga kiyA thaa| (jana lesva saM0 bhA0 2 10 430) dUsare mAdhavasena pratApasena ke paTTadhara the / inakA samaya vikrama kI 13 vI 14 vIM pAtAbdI hai / tIsare mAdhavasena ve haiM jinheM lokkiyavasadi ke liye, dekararasane jambahalli ko pradAna kiyA thaa| yaha lekha zaba varSa 184 (san 1062 I0) kA hai| cauthe mAdhavasena sUri ve haiM jinakA smaraNa pacaprabhamalapArideva ne nimna padya dvArA kiyA hai : .namo'stu te saMyamabodhamUrtaye, smarebhabhasthalabhedanAya vai / dineva paMkeraha vikAsabhAnave, virAjate mAghabasenasUraye / / -(niyamasAra TI0 1066)

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288 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 samAna catura the| aura inakI buddhi tatva vicAra meM pravINa tho| jaisAki nimna padya se spasTa hai: mAdhavaseto'jani muninAtho dhvasitamAyA madanakradarthaH / tastha mariSTho gururiva ziSyastattvavicAra pravaNamanISaH / / inhIM mAdhavasena ke ziSya amitagati dvitIya hue jinhoMne saM0 1050 se 1073 taka aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai| inakA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA madhya hai| zAntideva inakA ullekha mallipeNa prazasti meM dayApAla ke bAda 51veM padya meM kiyA gayA hai| yaha bar3e tapasvI aura apane samaya ke viziSTa vidvAna the| mallipeNa prazasti ke ukta padya se jJAta hotA hai ki inake pavitra caraNa kamaloM kI pUjA hoyasala nareza vinayAditya dvitIya (sana 1047 se 1100I0) karatA thaa| lekhanaM0 200 se bhI isakA samarthana hotA hai| yaha vinayAditya dvitIya ke guru the| isa zilAlekha meM jo zaka saM0 184 (san 1062 I.) meM 1047 se san utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai, unake samAdhimaraNa dvArA divaMgata hone kA ullekha hai / isase zAnti deva kA samaya san 1062 I. taka hai| arthAt yaha IsA ko 11vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the / nagara ke vyApArI saMgha ke logoM ne apane guru kI smRti meM yaha smAraka banavAyA hai| amitagati (dvitIya) amitagati (dvitIya)-yaha mAthura saMgha ke vidvAna nemiSeNa ke praziSya aura mAdhavasena ke ziSya the| yaha gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke acche vidvAna aura kavi the| ApakI kavitA sarala aura vastutattva kI vivecaka hai| kavi ne apanI guru paramparA nimna prakAra batalAI hai / vIrasena ziSya devasena, amitagati prathama, nemiSeNa aura mAdhavasena / yaha apane samaya ke viziSTa vidvAna the / aura vAkyatirAja maMja kI sabhA ke eka ratna the| muja kA eka dAna patra vi0 saM01036 kA prApta huA hai jise unake pradhAna maMtrI rudrAditya ne likhA thaa| vi0 saM0 1078 meM tailaMga deza ke rAjA tailipa dvArA maja kI mRtya haI thii| aura unakI matya ke bAda bhoja kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA amilagati kI nimnakRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM----subhASitaratna sandoha, dharmaparIkSA, upAsakAcAra (amitagati zrAvakAcAra) paMcasaMgraha, ArAdhanA, tattvabhAvanA (sAmAyika pATha) aura bhAvanA dvAtrizatikA / jinheM kavi ne vi0 saM0 1050 se 1073 ke madhya racA thaa| subhASitarala sandoha--yaha svopajJa sabhASita grantha hai| isameM sAMsArika viSaya nirAkaraNa, kopa-lobhanirAkaraNa, mAyA-ahaMkAra nirAkaraNa, indriya nigrahopadeza, strI guNa-doSa vicAra, sadasatsvarUpa nirUpaNa, jJAna nirUpaNa, cAritra nirUpaNa, jAti nirUpaNa, jarA nirUpaNa, matya-sAmAnya nityatA / devajarA-jIva-sambodhana, durjanasajjana-dAna, madya-niSedha, mAMsaniSedha, madhaniSedha, kAmaniSedha, vezyAsaMganiSedha, taniSedha, prAptavivecana, guru svarUpa, dharmanirUpaNa, zokanirUpaNa, zauca, zrAvaka dharma maura dvAdaza tapazcaraNa, ye battIsa prakaraNa hai| zrAvaka dharmakA nirUpaNa 1 dekho malliSeNa prazasti kA 51 vA padya 2sakakAlaMgati-nAga-randhra-zabhakRta saMvatsarA bADhadola / sukaraM paurNami-bhaumabAra mIse diladA zravaNa"""| ''kadindaM vare zAntidevaramalara sanyAsanaM geTadu bhak / ti kara kai-vAmAge gegdu paDedara nirvANa-sAmrAjyam // jaina lekha saM0bhA02 pR. 245 3 dekho, subhASitaratna saMdoha grantha kI prazasti / 4 dekho, vizvezvaranAtha reu kA rAjA bhoja / 5 vikramAvAsarAdaSTa muni vyomendu (1778) saMmite / varSe munnapade bhoja bhUpaH paTTa nivezitaH / /

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 281 217 padyoM meM kiyA hai| pUre grantha meM 22 padya haiM yaha grantha vi0 saM0 1050 meM pauSa sudI paMcamI ko samApta hayA hai| jaba yaha grantha samApta hunA usa samaya muja rAjya karatA thaa| kavi ne apane subhASitoM kA uddezya batalAte hue likhA hai ki janayati muvamantabhavyapAthoM sahANAM, harasi tibhiratiyA prabhA maapniil| kRta nikhila padArtha dyotanA bhAratIddhA, vivaratu dhuta doSA saMhitAM bhAratI vH|| jisa taraha sUrya kI kiraNe andhakAra kA vinAzakara samasta padArthoM ko prakAzita karatI haiM aura kamaloM ko vikasita karatI haiM / usI prakAra ye subhASita cetana-acetana-viSayaka ajJAna ko dUra kara bhavyajanoM ke citta ko prasanna karate haiN| kavi ne jJAna kA mahatva batalAte hue likhA hai ki jJAnaM binA nAstya hitAnmivRttistataH pravRtti na hite janAnAm / tato na pUrvAjitakarmanAzastato na saukhyaM labhate'dhyabhISTama // jJAna ke binA mAnava ko prahita sa nivRtti nahIM hotI, ahita kI nivRtti na hone se hitakArya meM pravatti nahIM hotii| hita kArya meM pravRtti na hone se pUrvopArjita karma kA vinAza nahIM hotA aura pUrvopAjita karmakA vinAza na hone se abhISTa mokSa sukha kI prApti nahIM hotii| isI taraha vRddhAvasthA kA citraNa karate hue likhA hai ki jaba manuSya jarA (bur3hApA) se grasta ho jAtA hai taba usakA sampUrNa rUpa naSTa bhraSTa hone lagatA hai| bolane meM thUka giratA hai, calane meM paira Ter3he ho jAte haiM / buddhi apanA kAma nahIM karatI 1 patnI bhI sevA-zUthSA karanA chor3a detI hai / aura putra bhI AjJA nahIM maantaa| isa taraha yaha graMtha sundara sUktiyoM se vibhUSita hai / aura kaNTha karane yogya hai| dharma parIkSA-saMskRta sAhitya meM apane DhaMga kI kRti hai| isameM purANoM kI UTa-paTAMga kathAnoM aura mAnyatAoM kA manoraMjaka rUpa meM majAka karate hue unheM avizvAsanIya batalAyA hai| samUcA grantha 1945 zlokoM meM sundara kathA ke rUpa meM nibaddha hai / jise kavi ne do mahIne meM banAyA thaa| hariSeNa ko 'dharma parIkSA vikrama saMvata 1044 meM banI hai| hariSeNa ne likhA hai ki usase pahale jayarAma kI gAthAbaddha dharma parIkSA thii| use maiMne paddhar3iyA chanda meM kiyA hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki isa para hariSeNa kI dharma parIkSA aura haribhadra ke dhUrtAkhyAna kA prabhAva par3A ho / kyoMki pAtroM ke nAmAdi 'dharmaparIkSA ke samAna haiN| isa kAraNa vaha isakA AdhAra rahI ho / to koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| yaha grantha vikrama saM0 1070 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai / paMcasaMgraha-yaha prAkRta paMcasaMgraha kA anuvAda hai| isa para DaDDhA ke paMcasaMgraha kA prabhAva hai, vaha amitagati ke sAmane maujada thaa| isameM karmabandha, udaya, udIraNA aura sattA Adi kA varNana hai| isakI racanA kavi ne -.- .- -.- - -..--- - ---- 1 samArUne pUna tridazavasati vikramanape, sahasra varSANAM prabhavatihi paMcAzadadhike / samApte paMcamyAmavati dhariNI muNjnptau| sine pakSe paune buhitamidaM zAstramanagham subhASita rana sandoha prazasti / / 2 galati sakalarUpa lAlAM vimuJcati jalapanaM, mvalati gamanaM datAnAzaM zravanti zarIriNaH / viramati maninoM zuzrUSAM karoti ca gehinI / vapi jaramA praste vAkyaM tanoti na dehajaH // 27 // 3 amitagatirine svastha mAsa dvayena / prathina vizadakotiH kAvya mudbhuta doSam / / 4 saMvatsarANAM vigate sahastra samaptato vikramArthivasya / idaM niSidhyAnyamata samAptaM jainendradharmAmRtayuktizAstram //

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260 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 masUtikApura meM vi0 saM0 1073 meM samApta kI hai| upAkAsacAra-prAcArya amitagati dvArA viracita hone se isakA nAma amitagati zrAvakAcAra kahA jAne lagA hai / katAMne svayaM-'upAsakAcAra vicArasAra saMkSepata: zAstramahaM kariSye / ' vAkya dvArA ise upAsakAcAra zAstra batalAyA hai / 'upalabdha zrAvakAcAroM meM yaha vizada, sugama aura vistRta hai| isakI zloka saMkhyA 1352 hai| isa zrAvakAcAra kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki kavi ne pratyeka sarga yA adhyAya ke antima padya meM apanA nAma diyA hai / grantha 15 paricchedoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama pariccheda meM saMsAra kA svarUpa batalAte hae dharma kI mahattA ko prakaTa kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki isa loka meM jIvakA sAthI dharma hI hai, anya gRha, putrI, strI, mitra, dhana, svAmI aura sevaka, ye jIva ke sAtha nahIM Ate, karmodaya se inakA saMyoga milatA hai| dharma hI eka aisA padArtha hai jo jova ke sAtha paraloka meM bhI jAtA hai, ata: vahI hitakArI hai| gRhAMgajA putrakalatramitra svasvAmi bhatyAdi padArtha vrg|. vihAya dharma na zArIra bhAjA mihArita kidhitsahagAmi pathyam // 60 dharma se hI mAnava jIvana ko zobhA hai, dharma ke pratApa se indra, dharaNendra cakravAdikI vibhUti prApta hotI hai| tIrthakara pada bhI dharma se hI milatA hai| dharma se haiN| ApadAnI kA vinAza hotA hai / ataH dharmAcaraNa karanA zreyaskara hai| dUsare pariccheda meM mithyAtva ko heya batalAte hue samyagdarzana ko prApta karane kI preraNA kI hai aura usakI mahattA kA vivecana kiyA hai| tIsare pariccheda meM samyagdarzana ke viSaya bhUta jIvAdika padArthoM kA varNana kiyA hai| cauthe pariccheda meM 74 padyoM dvArA cArvAka, vijJAnAdvaitavAdI, brahmatabAdI, sakhyi, naiyAyika, asarvajJatAbAdI, mImAMsaka aura bauddha Adi anyamatoM ke abhiprAya ko dikhalAkara unakA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| pAMcaveM pariccheda meM 74 padyoM dvArA madya, mAMsa, magha, rAtribhojana aura paMca udaMbara phaloM ke khAne ke tyAga kA varNana hai| yathA-- madya mAMsa-madhurAtribhojanaM kSIravRkSaphalavarjana vidhaa| kuvaMte vrata jikSayA budhAstatra puSyati nivite vratam / isa padya meM rAtri bhojana ke sAtha pAMca udumbara aura tIna makAra kA tyAga avazyaka batalAyA hai, kyoMki unake tyAga se vrata puSTa hote haiM / kintu inheM mUlaguNa nahIM btlaayaa| chaThe pariccheda meM 100 zlokoM dvArA zrAvaka ke bAraha pratoMkA-pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavata, cAra zikSA vratoM kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| ahiMsA aNuvrata kA kathana karate hae hiMsA ke do bheda kiye haiM, eka ArambhI hiMsA aura dUsarI anArambhI hiMsA / aura likhA hai ki jo gRha tyAgI muni haiM ve to donoM prakAra kI hiMsA nahIM karate / kintu jo gRhasthI hai vaha anArambhI hiMsA kA to parityAga kara detA hai, kintu prArambhI hiMsA kA tyAga nahIM kara sktaa| "hiMsA tathA proktArambhAnArambhabhedato vkssH| gRhavAsato nivRtto ddhA'pi trAyate sAMca // 6 grahavAsasevanarato mandakaSAyaH pratitArambhaH / prArambhajAM sa hisAM zaknoti na rakSita niyatam // 7 jo ina vratoM ko samyaktva sahita dhAraNa karatA hai vaha samara sampadA kA upobhaga karatA humA anta meM avinAzI sukha prApta karatA hai| 1 trisaptatyadhike dAnAM sahastre zaka vidviSaH / masUtikA gure jAta midaM zAstraM manoharam //

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261 raMgArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya sAtaveM pariccheda meM 76 zlokoM meM sanoM ke praticAroM ke varNama ke sAtha zrAvaka kI 11 pratimAnoMkAdarzana, vrata, sAmAyika, proSadha, sacitya tyAga, rAtribhojana tyAga, brahmacarya, prArambha tyAga, parigraha tyAga, anumati tyAga aura uddiSTa tyAga rUpa ekAdaza sthAnoM kA-kathana kiyA gayA hai| pAThaya pariccheda meM sAmAyika, stavana, vandanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura koyotsarga rUpa chaha mAvazyakI kA svarUpa aura unake bheda-prabhedoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| haveM pariccheda meM dAna, pUjA, zIla, upavAsa, ina cAroMkA svarUpa vatalAte hue inheM saMsAravana ko bhasma karane ke liye agni ke samAna batalAyA hai| daza pariccheda meM pAtra kupAtra aura apAtra kA kathana kiyA hai| aura kupAtra-apAtra ko tyAga kara dAna dene kI preraNA kI hai| gyArahaveM pariccheda meM abhayadAna, usakA phala aura mahattA kA varNana nirdiSTa hai| vArahaveM pariccheda meM jina pUjA kA varNana kiyA hai aura pUrvAcAryoM ke anusAra bacana aura zarIra kI triyA ko rokane kA nAma dravya pUjA aura mana ko rokakara jina bhakti meM lagAne kA nAma bhAva pUjA kahA hai / yathA--- vano vigrahasaMkoco tavyapUjA nigadyate / tatra mAnasasaMkoco bhAvapUjA purAtanaH // 12 kintu amitagati ne apane mata se gandha puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa aura akSata se pUjA karane kA nAma dradhya pUjA aura jinendra guNoM kA cintana karane kA nAma bhAva pUjA batalAyA hai| gandhaprasana sAnnAdya dIpadhupAkSatAdibhiH / kriyamAragAthavA zeyA dravyapUjA vidhAnataH / / 13 dhyApakAnAM vizuddhAnAM jinaanaamnuraagtH| guNAnAM yavanudhyAna bhAvapUjeyamucyate // 14 / / 13veM pariccheda meM ratnatraya ke dhAraka saMyamIna kI vinaya kA varNana hai / aura unakI vaiyAvRtya karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai| caudahaveM pariccheda meM vAraha bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai| pandrahaveM pariccheda meM 114 zlokoM dvArA dhyAna kA aura usake bheda-prabhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| isa taraha yaha grantha zrAvaka dharma kA acchA varNana karatA hai| ArAdhanA-yaha zivArya kI prAkRta pArAdhanA kA padyabaddha saMskRta anuvAda hai jise kartAne cAra mahIne meM pUrA kiyA thaa| prazasti meM kavi ne devasena se lekara apane taka kI guru paramparA dI hai, parantu samaya aura sthAna kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| grantha kartA ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM pArAdhanA kI stuti karate hue eka vasunandi yogI kA ullekha kiya hai, jo uname pUrvavartI jJAta hote haiM: yaH niHzeSa parigrahebhavalane durasiMhAyate / yA kajJAnatamo ghaTAvighaTane candrAMzu rociiyte| yA cintAmaNireSa cintitaphalaiH saMyojayaMtI janAn / sAbaH zrI vasunandiyogi mahitA pAyAtsadArAdhanA / isase ve eka yogI aura mahAn vidvAna jJAta hote haiN| tattvabhAvanA-paha 120 padyoMkA choTA sA prakaraNa hai, ise sAmAyika pATha bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha prakaraNa brahmacArI zItala prasAda jI ke anuvAda ke sAtha sUrata se prakAzita ho cukA hai / isake anta meM kavi ne likhA hai 1 dAnaM pUjA jina zIlamupatrAsazcaturviSaH / zrAvakAraNa mato dharmaH saMsArAraNya pAvakaH / / 1 / /

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292 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAma- bhAga 2 vRtyavaMza zateneti karvatA ttvbhaavnaa| sadyo'mitagateriSTA nivRttiH kriyate kare / __ 'iti dvitIya bhAvanA samAptA' isase yaha koI bar3A grantha honA cAhiye jisakA yaha dUsarA adhyAya hai| bhAvanA dvAtrizatikA-yaha 32 padyoM kA eka choTA-sA prakaraNa hai| isako kavitA bar3o sundara aura komala hai| ise par3hane se bar3o zAMti milatI hai| isakA hindI aMgrejI bhASA meM anuvAda ho cukA hai| vahata se loga ise sAmAyika ke samaya isakA pATha karate haiM / brahma hemacandra hemananda ne apanI guru paraparA aura gaNa dina kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne prAkRta bhASA meM 'zrataskandha' kI 64 gAthAoM meM racanA kI hai| jise unhoMne tilaMga deza ke ke Danagara ke candraprabha jina mandira meM rAmanandI saMddhAntika ke prasAda se dezayatI hemacandrane banAkara samApta kiyA thaa| grantha meM koI racanA kAla nahIM diyaa| isa kAraNa brahma hemacandra kaba hue yaha vicAraNIya hai| eka rAmanandI kA ullekha nayanandI (vi0 saM0 1100) ke sudarzana carita kI prazasti meM pAyA jAtA hai jisameM vRSabha nandI ke bAda rAmanandI kA ullekha kiyA hai| aura sakala vidhi vidhAna kI prazasti meM aMbAiya aura kaMcIpura kA ullekha karate hue ballabharAya dvArA nirmApita pratimA kA ullekha kiyA hai aura batAyA hai ki vahAM guNamaNi nidhAna' rAmanandI aura jayakoti maujUda the| aura prAcArya rAmanando ke ziSya bAla vanda ne sakala vidhi vidhAna grantha banAne ko preraNA kI thii| isa kAraNa ye rAmanando vikramakI 11vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya haiN| dUsare rAmanandI kA ullekha amgaladeva ke candraprabha purANa meM AyA hai aura unheM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| aggaladevane ukta purANa zaka saM0 1111 (vi0 saM0 1246) meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai / ataH rAmanandI saM0 1246 se pUrva vartI haiM / jahAM taka saMbhava hai prathama rAmanandI ke prasAda se hI hemacandra ne zrutaskaMdha banAyA ho| yadi yaha ThIka ho to brahma hemacandra 11vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna ho sakate haiN| zrataskandha meM zrata kA svarUpa aura aMga-pUrvoke padoM kA pramANa batalAte hue bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda thata paramparA kisa taraha calI isakA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| paramparA vahI hai jisakA ullekha tiloyapaNNattI / dhabalA, jayadhavalA, indra nandi zrutAvatAra, aura harivaMza purANa prAdi meM pAI jAtI hai / padmanandI padamanandI--malasaMgha kANaragaNa titriNI gaccha ke siddhAnta cakrezvara padmanando the| unheM kadamba kUla ke kIrti deva kI paTra mahiSI mAlaladevI ne brahma jinAlaya ko dainika pUjA aura muniyoM ke AhAra ke liye padmanandi siddhAnta cakravatoM ke liye pAda prakSAlana pUrvaka 'siDaNivallina' ko prApta kara dAna diyaa| yaha lekha zaka saM016 san 1075 kA utkIrNa kiyA huA hai| isase ina pamanandi kA samaya IsAkI 11vIM sadI kA antima pAda hai| kanakasena (dvitIya) prastuta kanakarona candrikAvATa senAtyaya ke vidvAna AcArya ajitasena ke dIkSita ziSya the| jo mAna-mada 1 'jahi ramaNaMdi guNa-mariNa-NihANu / jayakritti mahAkisi vi pahANu / ' jaina natha prazasti saM0 bhA0 210 27 2 tahiM rigae vi bhavAhiNariNA, suriNA mahArAmaNaMdiNA, bAlahaMdu-sIsegA jaMpiyaM; sapalavihi gihArA maNiyaM / jaina graMtha prazasti saM0bhA0 2 pR. 27 3 jaina lekha saM0 bhA02 pR. 266-270

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya 263 se rahita, pApAMka nAzaka, mahAvrata ke pAlaka aura muniyoMmeM zreSTha the| jaisA ki nAgakumAra carita ke ninna padya se spaSTa hai ajani tasya munevara dIkSito vigatamAnamado duritAntakaH / kanakasenamuni munipuMgavo, varacaritramahAvratapAlakaH // 1 ve jinAgama ke vedI, saMsAra rUpa vana kA uccheda karane vAle aura karmendhana ke jalAne meM paTu the / jaisA ki bhairava padmAvatI kalpakI prazasti ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai : jina samayAgamavedI gurutara saMsArakAnanocchedI / karmendhanadahanapaTustacchiSya: kanakasenagaNiH // 56 ina kanakasena ke ziSya jinasena the aura satIrthaM the narendrasena / malliSeNa inhIM jina sena ke ziSya the / satIrtha hone ke kAraNa malliSeNa ne narendrasena kA guru rUpa se smaraNa kiyA hai| cUMki malliSeNa ne apanA mahApurANa saM0 666 (san 1040 I0 ) samApta kiyA hai| ataH kanakasena kA samaya dazavIM zatAbdI kA upAntya hai / zak narendrasena ( prathama ) 1 narendrasena nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| eka narendrasena ajitasena ke ziSya kanakasena dvitIya (san 660 I0) ke ziSya aura jinasena ke sadharmA the| vAdirAja ne zaka varSa 944 (san 1025) meM inhIM narendrasena kA smaraNa kiyA hai / kyoMki usameM kanakasena ke sAtha narendrasena kA bhI ullekha hai| dekho (nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa prazasti ) malliSeNa sUrine jo jinasena ke ziSya the| apane guru bhAI narendra sena ko nAgakumAra carita kI prazasti meM ujjvala caritravAna, prakhyAtakIrti, puNya mUrti, tatvajJa aura kAmavijayI batalAyA hai jaisAki nAgakumAra carita kI prazasti ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai tasyAnujAzcAru caritra vRttiH prakhyAtakIrta bhuvipuSyabhUtiH / narendraseno jitavA viseno vijJAnatattvo jitakAmasUtraH // 4 jinasena ke sadharmA hone se malliSeNa ne inheM bhI apanA guru mAnA hai / tacchiSyo vibhuvApraNogaM ganidhiH zrImahilaSeNAhyaH / saMjAtaH sakalAgameSu nipuNo vAgdevatAlaMkRtiH // ina, narendrasena kA samaya pI0 bI0 desAI ne san 1020 I0 batalAyA hai| inake ziSya nayasena prathama ye / jinakA samaya pI0 bI0 desAI ne san 1050 I0 batalAyA hai / cAlukya cakravartitrailokyamalla somezvara (san 1053 - 1067 ) ke zAsana kAla meM usake sandhi vigrahAdhikArI beladeva kI prArthanAnusAra sindakaMcarasa ne mUlagunda ke jina mandira ko bhUmidAna dene kA prastAva kiyA hai / usameM mukhyataH beladeva ke guru nayasena aura nayasena ke guru narendrasena kA varNana diyA hai| narendrasena dvitIya traividyacakrezvara prastuta narendrasena mUla saMgha senAnvaya candrakavATa granvaya ke inhIM nayasena ke ziSya the| aura vyAkaraNa zAstra ke mahAna paMDita the / cAlukya cakravartI bhuvanakamalla somezvara dvitIya (san 1068 ) se pUjita guNacandra deva ne narendrasena muni ko 'vidya' batalAyA hai mUlagunda ke san 1053 ke zilAlekha meM narendrasena ko vyAkaraNa kA paMDita batalAte hue likhA hai ki- 'candra, kAtaMtra, jainendra zabdAnuzAsana, pANinI, indra yAdi vyAkaraNa graMtha narendrasena ke liye eka akSara ke samAna haiN| yathA- 1 Jainism in South India p. 139 2 jaina lekha maM0 bhA0 40 115 meM lakSmezvara (maisUra) kA lekha 165 6 jaina lekha saMgraha bhAga 4 pU0 60 meM mUla gundakA sam0 1053 kA lekha

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24 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 cAndra kAtaMtra janendra zabdAnuzAsanaM pANinIya mattendra narendrasena sunIndrake'kAkSara peraMgiSu mogo / yaha narendrasena vyAkaraNa zAstra ke sAtha nyAya (darzana) zAstra aura kAvya zAstra ke bhI vidvAna the| isI se inake ziSya nayasana ne apane kannar3a grantha dharmAmRta meM apane guru narendramena kA guNagAna karate hue zAstrajJAna ke samudra aura vidyacakraMdara batalAyA hai / yathA 'tavArAzi narendrasenamuni vidyacakrezvaram / narendrasena ne apane ziSya nayasena ko vyAkaraNa aura nyAya zAstra meM niSNAta banAyA thA / nyAya vyAkaraNa bhora kAvya zAstra meM nipuNa vidvAnoM ko 'vidya' kI upAdhi se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA thaa| nayasena ne apane dharmabhRta kA samAptikAla akSara saMkhyA meM prakaTa kiyA hai- "girI zikhoM mArga zazI saMkhyo lAvagamodita susire zaka kAla munnatiya nandana vtsrdol"| yahAM giri zabda kA saMketArtha sAta hone se zaka barSa 1037 hone para bhI una saMvatsara zaka varSa 1034 meM Ane se giri zabda kA saMketArtha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa kA racanAkAla zarka varSa 2034 san 1952 nizcita hai| isase narendrasenakA samaya 25 varSa pUrva san 1087 honA caahiye| pI0 vI0 desAI ne bhI ina narendrasena dvitIya kA samaya san 1080 batalAyA hai / narendrasena ko ekamAtrakRti pramANa prameya kalikA' hai| yaha nyAya viSayaka eka laghu sundara kRti hai / jo nyAya ke abhyAsiyoM ke liye bahuta upayogI hai| isameM pramANa aura prameya ina do viSayoM para sarala saMkSipta zrora vizada rUpa se cintana kiyA gayA hai| bhAgA gelI sarala evaM pravAha pUrNa hai| racanA meM kahIM kahIM muhAvaroM, nyAya vAkyoM aura vizeSa padoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| AcArya narendrasena ne isa grantha meM prabhAcandra ko paddhatikA anusaraNa kiyA hai / grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM hai, zrIra na unake ziSya nayana ne hI unakI kRti kA ullekha hI kiyA hai / unakI anya kRtiyAM bhI anveSaNIya haiN| inakA samaya san 1060 se san 1087 I0 honA saMbhava hai / jinasena jinamena mUlasaMgha senagaNa ke vidvAna the aura kanakasena dvitIyake jo jinAgama ke vedI aura gurutara saMsAra kAnana ke ucchedaka aura karmendhana-dana meM paTTaziSya the| jinasena gunIndra, mada rahita sakala ziSyoM meM pradhAna, kAma ke vinAzaka aura saMsAra samudra se tArane ke liye naukA ke samAna the| jayAki nAgakumAra caritra prazasti ke nimna padma se prakaTa hai gatamayajanitasya mahAmuneH prathitavAna jinasena munIzvaraH / sakala ziSyavaro hatamanmayo bhavamahodadhitArataraMDakaH // jinakA zarIra cAritra se bhUSita thaa| parigraha rAhata - nisaMga, dui kAmadeva ke vinAzaka aura bhavyarUpa kamaloM ko vikasita karane ke liye sUrya ke samAna the| jaisA ki bhairava padmavatoM kala kI prazasti se spaSTa haicAritra bhUSitAGgI niHsago mathita durjayAnaMga: 1 tacchiSyo jinaseno babhUva bhavyAbjadharmA zuH 56 kanakasena dvitIya kA samaya 660 IsvI hai / aura jinasena kA samaya IsvI san 2020 hai | nayasena nayana --- mUla saMgha-senAtvaya-candravATa anvaya ke vidvAna the aura vidyacakavatoM narendra sUri ke ziSya the / narendrasena apane samaya ke bahuta prabhAvazAlI vidvAna hue haiN| cAlukya vaMzIya bhuvanaM kamalla (san 1066 se 1076 123 1041 2 dina gAudA 136

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sA aura bAkI ke 265 taka unakI sevA karate the| narendragana vyAkaraNa aura nyAyazAstra ke bar3e vidvAna the ora vividha upAdhiyoM se alaMkRta the| ye mahilaNa ke guru jinasena ke sadharmA the inhoMne namagana ko par3hAkara acchA vijJAna banAyA thA / isI se nayasena ne unakA bar3e grAdara ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai| mUlaguda ke zilAlekha (san 1053) meM narendra sena ke ziSya nayasena ko sabhI vyAkaraNa granthoMkA jJAtA vidvAna banAyA hai franneM ve to treeAina, munIza tAne zA zAsana dala pANinI, pANinIya dola candra cAndrAvolatajjanaM // drana jainendra dolA kumAra ne gaMDa kaumAra bolAnvarareM -. tene portannadhasena paMDitaM rolanyayvadhivitorvIyola // vacanaH - ita samasta zabda zAstra pAragAnayasena paMDita devara nayasena ko banAI huI do racanAeM upalabdha haiM / karNATa bhASA kA vyAkaraNa aura dUsarA grantha dharmAmRta / isameM 94 pravAsa haiN| ina grAvAsoM meM kavi ne samyagdarzana aura usake ATha aMga aura pAca vratoM kI kathAoM ke mAdhyama se zrAvakA cAra kA vistRta kathana kiyA hai| isa grantha kI bhASA kar3I hai, jo bahuta hI sundara, lalita aura zuddha hai| isI se kavi kI gaNanA kannar3a sAhitya ke AkAza meM dedIpyamAna granthakAroM meM kI gaI hai, aura saubhAgya se prAyaH ve saba kavi jaMna haiN| pampa, ratna, ponna, sAlva, ratnAkara, aragala aura bandhuvargI mAdi saba kavi jainadharma ke premI aura zraddhAlu ye / kannaDa sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko inhoMne samUddha kiyA hai| isa samRddhi meM nayasena kA bahuta bar3A bhAga rahA / inake grantha meM bhASA kA sauSThava aura upamAdi alaMkAroM kI chaTA pada-padapara dekhane ko milatI hai / bhASA meM pravAha aura zrAMja hai / kathAnaka kI zailI sarala aura sajIva tathA rocaka hai| yaha sajIvatA hI lekhaka kI apanI vizeSatA hai / grantha meM kartA ne dharmAmRta ke Adi meM apane se pUrvavatoM nimna vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinakI saMkhyA pacapana ( 55 ) hai - 'bharhadubalI, guNaghara, zrAryamakSu nAgahasti, yativRSabha, gharasenAcArya, bhUtabalI, puSpadanta, kundakundAcArya, jaTAsiMhanandi, kUci bhaTTAraka, svAmi samantabhadra, kavi, parameSThI, pUjyapAda, vidyAnanda, manantavIrya, siddhasena zrutakIti, prabhAcandra, bappadeva elAcArya, vIrasena, jinasena, guNabhadra, ajitasena muni, somadeva paNDita, tribhuvanadeva, narendrasena, nayasena, zubhacandra, siddhAntadeva, rAmanandi' saiddhAntika (mAghanandI) guNacandra paNDita, vidya narendrasena, vAsupUjya siddhAntI vacanandI saMddhAntika, medhacandra saiddhAntika, mAghanandI saiddhAntika, prabhAcandra saiddhAntika, arhanandI bhaTTAraka, zrutakIrti, rAmasiMha, vAsupUjya bhaTTAraka, cArusena, kutrakuTAsana maladhAri, meghacandra vidya rAmasenavatI, kanakanandI sunIndra, akalaMka, zrasagakavi, ponnakavi, pampakavi, gajAMkuzakavi, gurNavarmA, ratnakavi / vinayasena ne sAdhAraNa kathA ko itane sundara DhaMga se citrita kiyA hai ki vaha par3hate samaya pAThaka ke mAnasa para apanA prabhAva aMkita kiye binA nahIM rahatI / yahIM kAraNa hai ki pazcAdvartI kaviyoM ne ise sukavi nikara pika mAkanda, kati janamanaH sarorAjahaMsa' Adi vizeSaNoM se bhUSita kiyA hai| granthakartA ne apane ko 'mUlagunda' kA nivAso batalAyA hai | jo eka tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| mUlagunda dhAravADa jile kI gadaga tahasIla se 12 mIla dakSiNa pazcima kI ora hai| yahI ke jaina mandira meM baMTakara kavi ne kanar3I bhASA meM dharmAmRta kI racanA kI hai| jo 24 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai / yahA~ isa samaya cAra jaina mandira haiN| yahAM ke mandira meM rahate hue malliSeNAcArya ne zraneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai aura maiM jagata pUjya sukavi nikara pikamAkandra ho gayA hU~ likhA hai / kavi ne graMtha kI racanA kA samaya akSaroM meM diyA hai| usameM girI zabda kA saMketArtha sAta hote hue bhI 'nandana saMvatsara zaka varSa 1034 meM 1 mUla graMtha ke TippaNa meM rAmanandi kA nAma bhAvanandi diyA hai| 2 mUla gudadolidu mahojjvala dharmAmRta manatamida bhadhyA / baligiri evaM parizrIta pUjyaM suSavi nikara pikamAkandaM // - dharmAta 14-168 3 'girizikhI vAyumArgAzI gaMbhya bolA vagamo divati susire zaka kAla munnatiya nandana vatsara dola" - dharmAta prazasti

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266 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAma-bhAga 2 pAne se zaka varSa 1034 grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| arthAt dharmAmata kI racanA I0 san 1112 ke lagabhaga huI hai| isa graMnya kI hindoTIkA prAcArya dezAbhUSaNa ne ko hai graMtha mUla aura hindo TokA sahita do khaNDoM meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| nayasenake liye zaka saMvat 675 ke vijaya saMvatsara meM san 1053 meM beladeva ko preraNA se sindakula ke saradAra kaMcasara ne kucha bhUmi dAna meM dI thii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki nayasena dIrgha jIvI the| usake bAda ve apane jIvana se bhUmaMDala ko kitane varSa aura alaMkata karate rahe, yaha anveSaNIya hai| malliSaraNa malliSeNa-prajitasena kI ziSya paramparA meM hue haiN| jitasena ke ziSya kanakasena aura kanakasena ke ziSya jinasena aura jinasena ke ziSya malliSeNa the| inhoMne jinasena ke anuja yA satIrtha narendrasena kA bhI guru rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| vAdirAja ne bhI nyAyavinizcaya ko prazasti meM kanakasena aura narendrasena kA smaraNa kiyA hai| isase vAdirAja bhI malliSeNa ke samakAlIna jAna par3ate haiM / aura unake dvArA smRta kanakasena aura narendrasena bhI vahI jJAta hote haiN| malliSeNa vAdirAja ke samAna maThapati jJAta hote haiN| kyoMki inake racita maMtra-taMtra viSayaka graMthoM meM stambhana, mAraNa, mohana, vazIkaraNa aura aMganAkarSaNa Adi ke prayoga pAye jAte haiN| ye ubhaya bhASA kavi cakravartI (prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA ke vidvAna) kavizekhara, gArur3a maMtravAdavedo mAdi padaviyoM se alaMkRta the| unhoMne apane ko sakalAgama meM nipuNa, lakSaNavedI, aura tarkavedI tathA maMtrayAda meM kuzala sUcita kiyA hai| ve gahastha ziSyoM ke kalyANa ke liye maMtra-taMtra aura gogogavArI pravRtti bhI karate the| ve ucca zreNI ke kavi the| bhairava padyAvatI kalpa ke anusAra unake sAmane saMskRta prAkRta kA koI kavi apanI kavitA kA abhimAna nahIM kara sakatA thaa| yadyapi ve vividha viSayoM ke vidvAna hote hue bhI maMtravAdI ke rUpa meM hI unakI vizeSa khyAti thI / yaha vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke anta aura 12 vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha ke vidvAna the| kyoMki inhoMne apanA 'mahApurANa' zaka saM0 166 san 1047(vi0 saM0 1104) meM jyeSTha sudI paMcamI ke dina mUlagunda nAmaka nagara ke jaina mandira meM raha kara pUrA kiyA thaa| yaha mUla munda nagara dhAravADa jile ko gadaga tahasIla meM gadaya 1 jaina lekha saM0 bhAga pAra pR060 1 yaha kanakasena una ajilasenAcArya ke ziSya the jo gaMgavaMzIya nareza rAghamalla aura unake maMtrI evaM senApati : maNDa rAya ke guru the / gommaTasAra ke kartA AvArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakavartI ne unakA 'bhuvanaguru' nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| 2 tasvAnujAcAra caritra vRttiH prapAta kItibhuvi punnymuurtiH|| narendraseno jitavAdiseno vizAtatattvo jitakAmasUtraH / / -nAgakumAra caritra pra0 3 nyAya vinizcama prazasti zloka 2 / jaina grantha prazasti saM0 bhA0 11.0 2 4 'prAkRta saMskRtIbhaya kavitvatA kavicakravartinA -mahApurANa prazasti 5 'gAruDa maMtravAda sakalAgama lakSaNa tarka vedinaa| -mahApurANa prayAsti 4 6 "bhASAsya kavitAyAM kavayo dapaM vanti tAbadiha / mA lokapanti yAvaskavizekhara masliSeNa munim // " bhairava padmAvatI kalpa 7 tI zrI bhUlagunda nAmni nagare zrI jainaSAlaye sthitvA zrI kavicakravartiyatipaH zrI malsiSeNAvayaH / saMkSepAtprathamAnuyoga kathana vyAkhyAnvitaM shnnvto| bhazyAnAM duritApahaM racitadhAnniHzeSavidyAmbudhiH // 1 varSaka triNatAhIne sahasra zaka bhUbhujaH / sarvajidvatsare jyeSThe sazupale paMcamI dine // 2 //

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vivAna, AcArya se 12 mIla dakSiNa-pazcima kI ora hai| yahAM ke jaina mandira meM rahate hue inhoMne mahApurANa kI racanA kI thii| usakA kavi ne tIrtharUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| isa samaya bhI vahAM cAra jaina mandira haiN| ina mandiroM meM zaka saM0 824, 825, 675, 1197, 1275 aura 1567 ke zilAlekha aMkita haiN| mUlaguNDa ke eka zilAlekha meM prAcArya dvArA senavaMza ke kanakasena muniko nagara ke vyApAriyoM ko sammati se eka hajAra pAna ke vRkSoM kA eka kheta mandiroM kI sevArtha dene kA ullekha hai| eka mandira ke pIche pahAr3I caTTAna para 25 phaTa UMco eka jaina mUti uttIrNa kI huI hai / saMbhava hai malliSeNa maTha bhI isI sthAna para rahA ho| mallipeNa ke eka ziSya indrasena kA samaya san 1064 hai| mahilapeNa kA samaya usase eka pIr3hI pUrva hai| __Apako nimnalikhita chaha racanAeM upalabdha haiM, jinakA paricaya nimna prakAra haimahApurANa, nAgakumAra, kAvya, bhairaba pamAvatI kalpa, sarasvatI maMtra kalpa, jvAlinI kalpa aura kAma caNDAlI klp| 1. mahApurANa-yaha saMskRta ke do hajAra zlokoM kA grantha hai| isameM presaTha zalAkA puruSoM ko saMkSipta kathA dI hai / racanA sundara aura prasAdaguNa se yukta hai| isa grantha ko eka prati kanar3I lipi meM kolhApura ke lakSmIsena bharadAraka ke maTha meM maujada hai| yaha grantha abhI aprakAzita hai| 2. nAgakumAra kAvya-yaha pAMca sargoM kA choTA-sA khaNDa kAvya hai, jo 507 zlokoM meM pUrNa humA hai| isake prArambha meM likhA hai, ki jayadevAdi kaviyoM ne jo gadya-padyamaya kathA likhI hai, vaha mandabuddhiyoM ke liye viSama hai| maiM malliSeNa vidvajjanoM ke mana ko haraNa karane vAlI usI kathA ko prasiddha saMskRta vAkyoM meM padyavaddha racanA karatA hU~' / yaha kAvya bahuta hI sarala aura sundara hai| 3.bhairavapadmAvatI kalpa-yaha cAra sau zlokoM kA maMtra zAstra kA prasiddha grantha hai isameM daza adhikAra haiN| yaha baMdhapeNa kI saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| 4. sarasvatI palpa-yaha maMtra zAstra kA choTA-sA grantha hai| isake padhoM kI saMkhyA 75 hai yaha bhairava padmAvatI kalpa ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| 5.jvAlAmAlinI kalpa-isakI saM0 1562 ko likhI huI eka 14 patrAtmaka prati stra0 seTa mANikacandra jI ke grantha bhaNDAra meM maujUda hai| 6. kAmacaNDAlI kalpa- isakI prati ai050di jaina sarasvatI bhavana byAvara meM maujUda hai| 7. sajjana cittaballabha-nAma kA eka 25 padyAtmaka saMskRta grantha hai, jo hindI padyAnuvAda aura hindI TIkA ke sAya prakAzita ho cukA hai, vaha inhIM mallipeNa kI racanA hai yA anya kI hai| yaha vicAraNIya hai| __ zrI kumAra kavi zrI kumAra kavi ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyaa| aura na apane guru kA hI nAmollekha kiyA hai| kavi kI eka mAtra kRti 'yAtma prabodha' hai| jo apane viSaya kA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai / aura jise kavi ne apane prAtmapradoghanArtha racA hai, jaisA ki graMtha ke antima vAkyoM se prakaTa hai : "zrImatkumAra kavinAtmavibodhanArthamAtmaprabodha iti zAstramidaM vyadhAyi" 1 dekho, bambaI prAnta ke prAcIna jaina smAraka pR. 120 2 dekho, jaina zilAlekha saM0 bhAga 2 pR. 159 3 dekho, bambaI prAnta ke prAdhIna jaina ramAraka pR0 120 4 "paMtu mADisI zrImamilasaMghavana basaMta samaya senagA, magaNaM nAyakara mAlanurAnbaya zirazekharame nisida zrImana malliSeNa bhaTTArakara priyAgazipyarUM tannanvayada gurugalu menisida zrI madIndrasena bhaTTArakarga-vinadikara kamalasaMgalaM mugidu / -dekho.san 1064 kAlekha

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268 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAga 2 kavi ne likhA hai ki yaha merI prathama racanA hai jaisAki 'Atma prabodhamadhunA prathamaM karomi' vAkyoM se spaSTa hai| zrI kumAra nAma ke do vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai / eka zrIkumAra ve haiM jinakA ullekha nayanandi 11107) ne sakala vidhi vidhAna kAvya ke nimna vAkyoM meM kiyA hai-"zrIkumAra zarasai kumaru, kitti vilAsiNi geharu / " prora jinheM sarasvatI kumAra bhI kahate the / dUsare zrI kumAra kavi the haiM, jo kavi harina malla (14 vIM sadI) ke cAra jyeSTha bhrAtAnoM meM se eka the / inameM nayanandi ke samakAlAna zrI kumAra prAnmAbAMdha kartA jAna par3ane haiN| isa graMthakI do hastalikhita pratiyAM 16 vIM zatAbdI ko upalabdha haiN| saM0 15.72 kI ligyo huI eka prati 14 pujA jaina sandrita rakhakara lasAvara ke mahAra meM mAra dUsaro kAmA meM dIvAna jo yo mandira ke bhaMDAra meM saM 15.47 ko likhI huI upalabdha hai|' panya paricaya prastuta graMtha meM saMskRta ke 146 loka haiN| graMtha kA viSaya usake nAma se magATa hai / kavi ne AtmA kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki masAra ke prAya: sabhI jIva prAtmavimukha haiM, A-majJa puruSa to virale hote haiN| jinheM prAtmA kA bodha nahIM hai unheM dUsaroM ko prAtmabodha karAne kA adhikAra nahIM hai, jinameM tairakara nadI ko pAra karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai, vaha dUsaroM ko taro kA upadeza kaise de sakatA hai ? usakA upadeza to vaMcaka hI samajhA jaavegaa| prAtmaprabodha virahAvavizuddhabuddharanyaprayodhavidhi pratiko'dhikAraH / sAmathyamasti taritaM sarito na yasya tasya pratAraNaparA prtaarnnaaktiH||4 yadi dUsaroM ko pratibodhana karane kI icchA hai, to pahale svayaM prapanI AtmA ko prabuddha kara / kyoMki cAkSupa manuSya hI andhe ko surakSita mArga meM le jA sakatA hai, andhe ko andhA nhiiN| kavi yaha bhI kahatA hai ki jinakA mAnasa mithyAtva se mala hai, jo moha nidrA meM sadA supta haiM, unake liye bhI merA yaha zrama nahIM hai| kintu jinako moha nidrA zIghra naSTa hone vAlI hai vahIM prAtmaprabodha ke adhikArI haiN| unhIM ke liye yaha grantha racA jAtA hai / yathA - mithyAtva mUDha manasaH satataM suSaptA, ye jaMtaSo jagati tAnprati na tha mo naH / yeSAM piyAmu racirAvidha mohanidrA, te yogyatAM vati nizcitamAtmabodhe / / 6 / / jisake rahate hue zarIra padArthoM ke grahaNa karane dAna dene, pAne-jAne sunane-sunAne, smaraNa karane tathA sukhaduHkhAdi ke anubhava karane meM pravRtta hotA hai, vahI mAtmA hai, AtmA cetana hai, jJAtA dRSTA hai, aura sparzanAdi indriyoM ke agocara hai kyoMki vaha atIndriya hai ataeva unase prAtmA kA nAma nahIM hotaa| prAramA nitya hai, avinAzI guNoM kA piNDa hai, pariNamanazIla hai vidvAna logoM dvArA jAnA mora anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, jJAna darzana svarUpa upayogamaya hai, zarIra pramANa hai, svapara kA jJAtA hai, vA, karma phala kA bhoktA aura pranata sukhoM kA bhaMDAra hai1 usa AtmA ko siddha karane vAle tIna pramANa haiM ' pratyakSa prAgama aura manumAna / yAtmA indriya pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM hai / kyoMki vaha atIndriya hai hAM sakala pratyakSa dvArA prAtmA jAnA jA sakatA hai| yA prApta vacana rUpa pAgama se, aura anumAna se jAnA jAtA hai| zarIra meM jaba taka mAtmA rahatI hai zarIra usa samaya taka kAma karatA hai heyopAdeya kAryoM meM pravRtta hotA hai, sukha duHkhAdi kI anubhUti karatA hai, kintu jaba zarIra se prAtmA nikala jAtA hai taba vaha nizceSTa par3A raha jAtA hai / ata: yaha anumAna jJAna bhI usake jAnane meM sAdhaka hai| bhagavAna jinendra ne AtmA ko jJAtA dRSTA batalAyA hai| prAtmA ke caitanya svarUpa ko chor3akara anya cetana pracetana padArtha prAtmA ke nahIM hai ye saba prAtmA se bhinna haiN| 1 devo, rAjasthAna jaina pratha bhaMDAra sUnI bhAga 5 pR0 183 2 nilyo niratyayaguNaH pariNAmaghAma, buddho adhadaM gavayoSamayopayogaH / AtmA vapuH mitirAtma parapramAtA kartA svatonabhavitAya manasaukhya: ITE 3 jeSA pramANa miha rAdhikamasti yasmAt prasvA mAnavacanaM ca tathAnumAnaM / / 13

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 266 vidyA ke do prakAra haiM pravidyA aura adhyAtma vidyA / avidyA saMsAra kA kAraNa hai, du.svAtpAdikA hai, mithyAdarzana prajJAna aura asaMyama se yukta hai| rAga-dveSa, IrpA, ahaMkAra mamakAra sukha dukha aAdi uso vidyA kA parivAra hai| avidyA heya hai aura vidyA upAdeya hai / jo vidyA samyagdarzana, jJAna cAritra se bhUSita hai vaha adhyAga vidyA hai| usake do prakAra hai, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna / apane prAtmasvarUpa kA cintavana karanA athavA grAtma sambandhi jJAna kA nAma svAdhyAya hai| tathA indriya vyApAra se rahita hokara kevala mana se AtmA ke svarUpa kA cintavana karanA adhyAtma vidyA hai| svAdhyAya--mokSamArga meM upayukta prAgamajJAna kA abhyAsa karanA aura Agama meM vihita pAtma svarUpa kA vana karanA svAdhyAya hai| isase prAtmA viziSTa jJAnI hotA hai, aura usakI daSTi jaina bacana meM haiN| ramatI hai, kyoMki ve vacana vItarAga sarvajJa rUpa himAcala se vinirgata haiM, karma kSaya meM kAraNa haiN| ataeva jo mAdha vidhi pUrvaka prAgamakA abhyAsI hai usake mana-vacana-kAya rUpa gupti vayakA pAlana hotA hai, mAyA mithyA nidAna mhA zalya traya kA vinAza hotA hai, aura samitiyoM kA bhale prakAra pAlana hotA hai / svAdhyAya se prAtma-vodha hotA hai| aura usI se jagatraya kA bodha karAne vAle kevala jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| jaba sAdhu kA mana svAdhyAya se thaka jAtA hai, aura pAgamAbhyAma meM mana nahIM ramatA taba use prAtma dhyAna meM pravRtta honA cAhiye / ekAgra cintA nigaMdha kA nAma dhyAna haiN| dhyAna karma nirjarA kA kAraNa hai| usame Atmazakti meM sphUrti utpanna hotI hai| jaba prAmA antarbAhya jalpoM se rahita hokara vastu svarUpa ke cintana meM niSTha hotA hai, taba vaha apane svakIya vaibhava ko prApna karatA hai, usameM upasarga aura pariSahoM ke sahane ko sAmarthya athavA jAti hotI hai| kaMpAyoM ko kAmapanA vinaSTa ho jAtI hai ve kSINa zakti ho jAtI haiM unakA rasa zuSka ho jAtA hai| aura ve apane kArya karane meM asamartha ho jAnA haiN| Atma pariNati nirmala hotI hai, pAntarika vizuddhi bar3hatI hai| dhyAna aura samAdhi se Atma-zakti kA saMcaya hotA hai, maura vaha karma ke saMkSaya meM kAraNa hotI hai| prataeva jo sAdhu prAtaraudrAdi kudhyAnoM kA parityAga kara dharma praura zakla dhyAna kA prAcaraNa karatA hai| usa samaya usakA dharma dhyAna hI zukla dhyAna rUpa pariNamana karane lagatA hai / aura pAtmA apane ananta guNoM ke teja se karmoM ke supuTa bandhanoM ko tar3A tar3a tor3atA huA svAtmopalabdhi kA pAtra bana jAtA hai / isa taraha yaha graMtha adhyAtma viSaya kA mahatvapUrNa hai| samaya kavi dhIkumAra ne grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyaa| aura na apane guru kA nAmollekha hI kiyA hai| anAva yaha nizcaya karanA bar3A kaThina hai ki ve kaya hue haiN| kAra zrIkumAra nAma ke do vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| unameM se prathama zrIkumAra kavi hI isa grantha ke kartA hai, kyoMki maM0 1300 meM samApta hone vAlI anagAra dharmAmata kI TIkA ke have adhyAya ke 43veM zloka kI TIkA karate hue nimna padya uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, jo prAnmaprabodha meM 5.1 nambara para pAyA jAtA hai : manobodhAdhInaM vinaya biniyuktaM nijavapuvaMcaH pAThAyattaM karaNagaNa mAdhAya niyatam / vaghAnaH svAdhyAya kRta pariNati na bacane. karotyAtmA karma zAmiti samAdhyantarami // 5 // isameM batalAyA hai ki jisa svAdhyAya meM mana jJAna ke grahaNa-dhAraNa meM lIna rahatA hai, zarIra vinaya saMyukta rahatA hai, vacana pATha ke uccAraNa meM lagA rahatA hai, aura indriya samUha niyaMtrita rahatA hai isa prakAra sArI pariNati jisameM jinavANI kI aura rahatI hai aise svAdhyAya ko dhAraNa karane vAlA nizcaya hI karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai, ataeva svAdhyAya bhI samAdhi kA rUpAntara hai| isase spaSTa hai ki zrIkumAra kavi saM0 1300 se pUrvavartI haiM, ve bAda ke vidvAna nahIM ho skte| aura nayanandi kA samaya saM0 1100 hai, unhoMne apane samakAlIna vidvAnoM meM zrI kumAra kadi kA ullekha karate hue unheM marasvatI kumAra bhI batalAyA hai| ataH zrI kumAra 11vIM zatAbdo ke vidvAna haiN| ve usa samaya sarasvatI kumAra

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 200 nAma se kyA the / yaha unakI prathama racanA hai| unakI anya racanAoM kA anveSaNa honA zrAvazyaka hai / zraGkadeva bhaTTAraka praGkadeva bhaTTAraka -- devagaNa aura pASANAnvaya ke vidvAn the / inake ziSya mahIdeva bhaTTAraka the| ina mahIdeva ke gRhastha ziSya mahendra dolaluka ne melasa caTTAna para 'niravadya jinAlaya' banavAyA thA, aura san 1060 IsvI ke lagabhaga khacara kandarpasena mArakI kRpA ko prApta kara niravadya ko 'mAnya' prApta huA thaa| jise usane jakka mAnya kA nAma dekara ukta jinAlaya ko de diyA / aura eDe male hajAra ne apane dhAnya ke khetoM kI phasala meM se kucha dhAnya yA nAmaka jisa ko hamezA ke lie diyA aura bhI jina logoM ne dAna diyA unake nAma bhI lekha meM die gaye haiM / isase aMkadeva kA samaya IsA ko 11 vIM sadI hai| jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 20163 // guNakIrti siddhAnta deva guNakIrti siddhAntadeva anantavIrya ke ziSya the / yaha yApanIya saMgha dhaura sUrastha gaNa aura citrakUTa granvaya ke vidvAn the| inakA samaya IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI hai / - (jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA pR0 105 ) devakIti paNDita paNDita deva kIrti bhI anantavIrya ke ziSya the / yaha bhI yApanIya saMgha sUrasthagaNa aura citrakUTa anvaya ke vidvAn the / inakA samaya bhI IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI hai / saMbhavataH ye donoM sagharmA hoM / -(jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA pR0 105 ) govarddhana deva govarddhana deva yApanIya saMgha kumudagaNa ke jyeSTha dharmaguru the / inhIM govarddhana deva ko samyaktva ratnAkara caityAke lie diye gae dAna kA ullekha hai / govarddhana ke sAtha hI anantavIrya kA ullekha hai / para yaha spaSTa nahIM hai| ki inakA govarddhana ke sAtha kyA sambandha thA / - jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA pR0142 dAmanandi dAmanandi kumAra kIrti ke ziSya the| ye dAmanandi ve sakate haiM jinakA ullekha jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1 pR0 55 meM caturmukhadeva ke ziSyoM meM hai / dhArAdhipati bhojarAja kI sabhA ke ratna grAcArya prabhAcandra ke ye dharmA the aura inhoMne mahAvAdi viSNubhaTTa ko harAyA thaa| yaha dAmanandI prabhAcandrAcArya ke sadharmA gurubhAI jAna par3ate haiN| dhArAdhipa bhoja kA rAjyakAla san 1018 se 1053 mAnA jAtA hai| jabaki dAmanandi kA san 1045 ke zilAlekha meM ullekha hai / isa kAraNa ve bhoja ke rAjyakAla meM rahane vAle prabhAcandra ke sudharmA dAmanandi se abhinna ho sakate haiN| ataH dAmanandi ke guru kumArakIrti ke sahAdhyApaka ananta vIrya kI sthiti san 1045 taka pahuMca jAtI hai / saMbhavataH yaha dAmanandI bhaTTavosari ke guru hoM / dAmanandi maTTAraka dAmanandi dezIgaNa pustaka gaccha ke vidvAna zrIdharadeva ke praziSya aura elAcArya ke ziSya the| cikka hana soge kA yaha kannar3a lekha yadyapi kAla nirdeza se rahita hai / saMbhavataH yaha lekha san 1900 IsvI kA hai / jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 2 pR0 358 lekha naM0 241 /

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cArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vivAna, AcArya dAmanandI panasoge nivAsI muniyoM meM pUrNacandra muni ke ziSya dAmanandi the / yaha lekha zaka saM01021 san 1066 kA hai, inake ziSya zrIdharAcArya the / inakA samaya IsA ko 11vIM sadI hai| --jaina lekha saM0 bhA.210356 bhUpAla kavi kavi ne apane nAmollekha ke sivAya apanA koI paricaya prastuta kabi bhupAla nahIM kiyaa| aura na unhoMne yahI sUcita kiyA ki yaha jina caturvibhAtikA stotra kahA~ aura kaba banAyA hai ? prastuta stotra meM 26 padya haiN| jinameM jina darzana kI mahattA cyApita karate hue jina pratimAdarzana ko laukika aura pAralaukika abhyudayoM kA kAraNa batalAyA hai : zrI lIlA yatanaM mahokulagaha kIti pramodAspadaM, vAgdevI rati ketanaM jayaramA krIDAnidhAnaM mahat / sa syAtsarva mahotsavaka bhavanaM yaH prAthitArthaprada prAtaH pazyati kalpapAdapadalacchAyaM jinAMdhidvayam / / 1 / / jo manuSya pratidina prAta:kAla ke samaya jinendra bhagavAna ke darzana karatA hai, vaha bahuta ho sampattizAlI hotA hai / pRthvI usake vaza meM rahatI hai, usakI kIti saba pora phaila jAtI hai, vaha sadA prasanna rahatA hai / use aneka vidyAe~ prApta ho jAtI haiM, yuddha meM usakI vijaya hotI hai, adhika kyA use saba utsava prApta hote haiN| svAminnadya vinirgato'smi jananI gandhi kupodarAdadyodghATita vRSTi razmi phalavajjanmAsmi cAya sphuTam / tvamadrAsamahaM yadakSayapadAnandAya lokatrayo negnenvIvarakAnanendu mamatasyanti prabhAcandrikam // 3 he bhagavana ! Aja Apake darzana karane se maiM kRtArtha ho gayA aura maiM aisA samajhatA hai ki prAja hI mere AdhyAtmika jIvana kA prArambha ho rahA hai| mere jJAna netra khula gae haiM aura meM yaha anubhava kara rahA ki viSaya kaSAya aura ajJAna ke kAraNa aba taka merI zakti kuThita ho rahI thii| mithyAtva ne merI jJAna dRSTi ko avaruddha kara diyA thA / para Aja merA janma saphala hunA hai| jo vyakti maMgalamaya vastu kA darzana karanA cAhatA hai usake liye jinadarzana se bar3hakara anya koI mAMgalika vastu nahIM ho sktii| prAtaHkAla maMgalamaya vastu kA avalokana karane se mana prasanna rahatA hai, aura usa meM kArya karane kI kSamatA bar3hatI hai / kyoMki deva darzana samasta pApoM kA nAza karane bAlA, svarga sukha ko dene vAlA aura mokSa sukha kI prApti meM sahAyaka hai / dhyAnastha dotarAgI kI pratimA ke avalokana mAtrase kAma krodhAdi vikAra aura hiMsAdi pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM, aura bhAtmotthAna kI preraNA milatI hai| jisa prakAra sachidra hAtha meM rakhAkhA gayA jala zanaiH zanaiH hAtha se gira jAtA hai, usI prakAra vItarAga prabhu ke darzana mAtra se rAga-dveSa-moha kI pariNati kSINa hone lagatI hai|' AcArya pUjyapAdane sarvArtha siddhi meM samyaktva kI utpatti ke bAhya sAdhanoM meM jina pratimAdarzana kI gaNanA kI hai| bhUpAla kavi ne vItarAga ke mukha ko trailokya maMgala niketana batalAyA hai| - isa stabana para sabase purAnI TIkA paM0 AzAdhara ko hai jise unhoMne sAgaracanda ke ziSya vinayacandra muni 1 darzanaM devadevasya darzanaM pAganAzanam / darzanaM svarga sopAna darzanaM mokSa sAdhanam / / darzanena jinendrANAM sAdhanA vandanena ca / na cira niSThate pApaM chidra haste pathodakam / / darzana pATa 2 sarvAyaM siddhi 1-3, pR0 12 zolApura eDIsana 3 anyena kiM tadiha nAca lavaMva vAtraM trailokya maGgalaniketanamIkSaNIyam / / 16 -jina catuvizatikA

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 ke anurodha se banAyA thaa| TIkA sundara hai aura padyoM ke artha ko prakaTa karane vAlI hai / bha. zrIcandra aura bhAgacandra sUri ko bhI isa para TIkA batalAI jAtI hai / para de itanI vizada nahIM haiM, kevala zabdArtha prakaTa karane vAlI hai| paM0 prAzAdhara jo kI isa TIkA se spaSTa hai ki bhUpAla kavi kI yaha racanA unase pUrva ho cukI tho| caturvizati kA dUsarA padya prAcArya guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa ke puSpadanta caritra meM diye hue padya ke sAtha bahuta sAmya rakhatA hai usase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhUpAla' kavi ne use uttara purANa se liyA ho| donoM ke padya nIce diye jAte haiM : zAntaM vapuH zravaNahArivacazcaritraM sarvopakAri tava deva tato bhavantam / saMsAramAravamahAsthala randrasAndra chAyAmahIrahamime suvidhi zrayAmaH / / 61 uttara pu0 55 pR070 zAntaM vapuH zravarAhArivacazcaritra sarvopakAri sava veva tataH zrutajJAH / saMsAramAravamahAsthala rundrasAndracchAyAmahIvha bhavantamupAzrayante // -jina caturvizati kA 2 isa padya meM dvitIya aura caturtha caraNa badale hue haiN| bAkI padya jyoM kA tyoM milatA hai isase spaSTa hai ki bhUpAla kavi ke sAmane uttara purANa rahA hai| sulocanA caritra ke katA kavi devasena ne apane se pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA ullekha karate hue puSpadanta ke nAmollekha ke sAtha bhUpAla kA bhI nAma diyA hai| puSphayaMta bhUpAla-pahANahi / isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki bhupAla kavi 6 voM zatAbdI ke vAda aura 13 boM zatAbdI se pUrva hue haiM / sambhava hai kavi 11vIM yA 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUvAdhaM ke vidvAna hoN| isa sambandha meM aura vizeSa anusandhAna ko AvazyakatA hai| dAmarAja kavi dAmarAja-sArvabhauma tribhuvanamalla narebhA (rAjyakAla I0 san 1076 se 1126) kA gaMgaperamAnaDIdeva nAmaka sAmanta rAjA thA / aura usakA nokkaya hegaDe nAma kA mantrI thaa| pahale yaha kavi isI matrI kAmAzrita thA / paraMtu zivamogga tahasIla meM jo dazavA zilAlekha hai, usameM isane apane ko sandhi vaigrahika' mantrI likhA hai| isase mAlama hotA hai ki pIche se isane ukta pada prApta kara liyA hogaa| gaMgaperamAnaDI deva ne bahuta se jina mandiroM ko prAmAdi dAna kiye the, aura unake zAsana kavi dAmarAja se likhavAye the| ukta zAsana lekhoM ke padyoM se yaha bAta niHsaMkoca kahI jA sakatI hai ki vaha ucca zreNI kA kavi thA / yaha jJAta nahIM humA ki isane kisI svatantra grantha kI racanA kI hai yA nhiiN| isakA samaya san 10.5 ke lagabhaga jAna par3atA hai| kanti kanti--yaha strI kavi thii| isakI kavitA bahuta hI manohAriNI hotI thii| devacanda kavi ke eka lekha se mAlama hotA hai ki yaha chanda, alaMkAra, kAvya, koza vyAkaraNAdi nAnA granthoM meM kuzala thI bAhubala nAmaka kavi ne apane nAgakamAra carita ke eka padya meM isakI bahuta prazaMsA kI hai aura ise 'abhinava vAgdevo' vizeSaNa diyA hai| dvAra samudra ke ballAla rAjA viSNu vardhana kI sabhA meM abhinavapaMpa aura kanti se vivAda huA thA / abhinayaMpa ko dI huI samasyA kI pati kI thii| abhinavApa cAhatA thA ki kanti merI prazaMsA kare-usako kI haI prazaMsA ko vaha apane gaurava kA kAraNa samajhatA thA / parantu vaha paMpa ko prazaMsA nahIM karatI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki anta meM kanti ne paMpa ko kavitA kI prazaMsA karake use santuSTa kara diyA thaa| 1 "upazamaiva mUrtiH pUtakItiH sa tasmAt jayati dinavacandra: saccakoraka candraH / jagadamRtasagarbhA: zAstra sandarbha garbhAH zuci carita sahiSNIryasya dhinvanti vAyaH / " -jina caturvizati kA TIkA prazasti

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tArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya prAcArya sumacaMdra zubhacandra nAmaka ke aneka vidvAn ho gae haiM / prastuta zubhacandra ne apanI koI guru paramparA nahIM do, aura na grantha kA racanAkAla hI diyA hai| anya meM samantabhada, devanandI (pUjyapAda) akalaMkadeva aura jinasenAcAya kA smaraNa kiyA hai| jinasena kI stuti karate hue unake vacanoM ko 'vidya bandita' batalAyA hai| vidya eka upAdhi hai jo siddhAnta cakravartI ke samAna siddhAnta zAstra ke jJAtA vidvAnoM ko dI jAtI thii| siddhAnta (bhAgama) vyAkaraNa aura nyAya zAstra ke jJAtA vidvAnoM ko vidya upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| zubhacandra ne jinasena ke bAda anya kisI bAda ke vidvAna kA smaraNa nahIM kiyaa| grandha meM AdipurANa kA padya bhI diyA huA hai| kavi ne grantha racanA kA prayojana spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki saMsAra meM janma grahaNa karane se utAna hue dunivAra klezoM ke santApa se pIr3ita meM apanI prAtmA ko yogIzvaroM se sevita dhyAnarUpI mArga meM jor3atA hai| kavi ne apanA prayojana saMsAra ke dukhoM ko dUra karanA batalAyA hai : bhaSprabhavara klezasantApa pIr3itam / yojayAmyahamAtmAnaM pathiyogondrasevite // 18 // kavine likhA hai ki yaha grantha maiMne kavitA ke abhimAna se yA jagata meM kIti vistAra kI icchA se nahIM banAyA kintu apane jJAna kI vRddhi ke lie banAyA hai : kavitvAbhimAnena na kIti prsrecchyaa| kRtiH kintu mavIyeyaM svA bodhAyeva kevalam // 16 // jJAnArNava meM 42 prakaraNa haiM, jinameM 12 bhAvanA, paMca mahAvata aura dhyAnAdi kA vistRta kayana kiyA gayA hai / mudrita rantha bahata kucha azuddha chapA hai| grantha meM racanAkAla na hone se grantha ke racanAkAla ke sambandha meM anya sAdhanoM se vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| prAcArya zubhacandra ke isa grantha para pUjyapAda ke samAdhitantra aura iSTopadeza kA prabhAva hai| unake aneka padya jyoM-ke-tyoM rUpa meM aura kucha parivartita rUpa meM pAye jAte haiN| anya apane viSaya kA sambaddha aura vastu tattva kA vivecaka hai| svAdhyAya premiyoM ke liye upayogI hai| isapara prAcArya amRtacandra amita gati prathama aura tattvAnuzAsana tathA jinasena ke prAdi purANa kA prabhAva parilakSita hai| jaisA ki nimna vicAraNA se spaSTa hai :vicAraNA jJAnArNava ke 16veM prakaraNa ke chaThaveM padya ke bAda ukta ca rUpa se nimna padya pAyA jAtA hai : mithyAtyavevarAgAdoSAdayo'pi SaT cava / catvArazcakaSAyAzcaturdazAmyantarA granthAH // yaha padya prAcArya amutanendra ke puruSArtha siddhacupAya kA 116vAM padya hai| isase spaSTa hai ki zubhacandra samatacandra ke bAda hue haiM / amRtacandra kA samaya dazavIM zatAbdI hai| jJAnArNava mudrita prati ke puSTha 431veM pAMcaveM padya ke nIce eka prAryA nimna prakAra diyA hai-vaha mala meM zAmila ho gayA hai| kintu usapara mUla ke krama kA nambara nahIM hai / parantu saM01666 ko hasta likhita prati ka patra 89 para ise 'ukta ca' vAkya ke sAtha diyA huA hai| 1 jayanti jinasenasya vAcAstravidyanditA. ' yogibhiyaMtsagAsAdya savalitaM nArama nizcaye // 16 2 uktaMca-akArAdi hakArAntaM rephamadhyaM sbindukm| tadeva paramaM tattvaM yo jAnAti sa tattva vit // Avi purANa 21-236

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304 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 zuci guNayogAcchana kaSAyarajaH kSayApazamAdvA / baMr3aryamaNi zikhAiva sanirmamaM niSprakampaM ca / / yaha padya rAmasena ke tattvAnuzAsana meM nimna rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai zuci guNa yogAcchukalaM kaSAyarajaH kSayApazamAdvA / / mANikya zikhA-adidaM sunirmalaM niSprakampaMca / / 222 isa para koI artha meda nahIM hai, thor3A sA zabda bheda avazya hai| tatvAnuzAsana ke 48veM padya kA pUrvArtha bhI jJAmArNava ke rahaveM prakaraNa ke 26veM zloka ke pUrvAdha se jyoM ke tyoM rUpa meM milatA hai yathA "dhyAtArastrividhA jJeyAsteSAM dhyAnanyapi vidhA" jJAnA0 "dhyAtAra svividhAstasmAseSAM dhyAnAnyapi vidhA" / tatvAnu rAmasena kA samaya mukhtAra zrI jugala kizora jI ne 10 vIM zatAvadI kA caturthacaraNa nizcita kiyA hai| ata: zubhacandra unake bAda ke vidvAna haiN| yogasAra ke kartA amita gati prathama, jo prAcArya nemiSeNa ke ziSya the| unake yogasAra ke nI va adhikAra kA eka paca kAnArNava ke 36 veM prakaraNa ke 43 beM padya ke bAda ukta ca rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai :-- yena yena hi bhAvena yujyate yaMtravAhakaH / tentanmayatAM yAti vizvarUpo maNiyathA // 39 jJAnArNava yena ye naiva bhAvena yujyate yaMtravAhakaH / tanmayastatra tatrApi vizvaspo mnniythaa| yogasAra 9-51 amitagati prathama ke yogasAra kA yaha papa hemacandra ke yoga zAstra meM bhI jyoM ke tyoM rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai| yaha jJAnANaMva meM uktaM ca rUpa meM diyA hai| kintu yoga zAstra meM vaha mula meM zAmila kara liyA gayA hai| isI taraha jJAnArNava kA yaha padya-so'yaM samaraso bhAvastadekI karaNaM mataM / prAtmA yadapRthakvena loyate paramAtmani // yoga zAstra meM pAyA jAtA hai / isakA pUrvArdha - tattvA nuzAsana137 meM pAyA jAtA hai / cUki jJAnArNava kA mUla padya hai, vaha tattvAnuzAsana ke sAhityika anusaraNa evaM prabhAva se parilakSita hai| amitagati dvitIya ne apanA subhASitaratna sandoha vi0 saM0 1050 aura saMskRta paMca saMgraha 1073 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| inase do pIDhI pUrva amitagati prathamadae hai, jinakA samaya 11 vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki jJAnArNava ke kartA zubhacandra kA samaya saM0 1125 se 1130 ke madhyavartI hai / arthAt ve vikrama kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa aura IsA kI 11 vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ke vidvAna the| niyamasAra kI pamapramabhaladhArI deva kI vRtti meM pRSTha 72 para jJAnArNava ke 42 va prakaraNa kA cauthA padya uddhata hai, jo zukladhyAna ke svarUpa kA nirdezaka hai : niSkriya karaNAtItaM dhyAnadhAraNajitam / antarmukhaM ca yahicata tacchukla miti paThyate // 4 paca prabhamaladhAri deva kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1107 san 1185 ke 24 pharavarI somabAra ke dina huA hai| niyamasAra ko vRtti usase pUrva bana cukI thii| niyamamAra ko yaha vRtti san 1985 se pUrva banI hai yadi usakA samaya zaka saM0 1100 mAna liyA jAya to san 1978 meM jJAnArNava unake sAmane thaa| jJAnArNava kI racanA ke bAda kama se kama 15-20 varSa usake pracAra-prasAra meM bhI lage haiN| aisI sthiti meM zubhacandra ke samaya kI uttarAvadhi padyaprabha maladhAri deva kA samaya hai| . yadyapi 13 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna paM0 pAzAdhara jI ne saM0 1285 se pUrva nirmita iSTopadeza kI TIkA meM jJAnArNava ke padya uktaM ca rUpa se ukta kiye haiN| aura mUlArAdhanA (bhagavatI prA0 kI TIkA) meM gAthA 187 kI TIkA meM 42 ve prakaraNa ke 43 3 padya se lekara 51 taka ke padha 'ukta ca jJAnArNava' visteraNa' vAkya ke sAtha uddhata

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 205 kiye haiM, isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki IsA ko 12vIM aura vi0 ko 13vIM zatAbdI meM jJAnArNava kA khUba pracAra ho gayA thaa| hemacandrAcArya ne apanA yoga zAstra sa0 1207 meM banAyA hai| usase pUrva nhiiN| jaba ki jJAnArNava usase bahuta pahale vana cukA thaa| aisI sthiti meM mo. zAraka meroM kA mAnAnakAra dvArA uddhRta karane kA koI prazna hI utpanna nahIM hotaa| yadyapi donoM ke padyoM meM bahuta kucha sAmya hai, usa sAmyatA kA kAraNa hemacandra ke sAmane yoga viSayaka aneka grantha bana cake the| ve unake sAmane the jJAnArNava bhI unameM thaa| hemacandra ko unase avazya sAhAyya milA hai / jJAnArNava hemacaMdrake sAmane rahA hai| jJAnArNava meM jainetara granthoM se yogaviSayaka jo padya liye gaye haiN| saMbhava hai ve grantha hemacandra ko bhI prApta hue hoM, aura jJAnArNava se hemacandra ne bhI sahayoga liyA ho to kyA pAzcarya? pATana ke maMDAra meM jJAnArNava kI eka prati saM0 1284 kI likhI huI prati maujUda hai| jise jAhiNI prAyikA ne kisI zubhacandra yogI ko pradAna kI thii| vaha prati anya kisI prati se pratilipi kI huI hai| kyoMki jJAnArNava usase pUrva banA huA thaa| aura usase bahuta pahale pracAra meM A gayA thaa| aisI sthiti meM usa prati ko anya racanA ke Asa-pAsa samaya kI prati nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aura na usa para se koI nirNaya ho kiyA jA sakatA hai| hemacandra ke granthoM para anya sAhityakAroM ke sAhitya kA spaSTa prabhAva parilakSita hai| isase iMkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dArzanika granthoM meM pramANa mImAMsA ke nigraha sthAna ke nirUpaNa aura khaNDana ke samUce prakaraNa meM aura anekAnta meM diye pATha doSoM ke parihAra prasaMga meM prabhAcandra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa kA zabdazaH anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai| pramANa momAMsA ke prAyaH pratyeka prakaraNa para prameyaratnamAlA kI zabda racanA ne apanI spaSTa chApa lagAI hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha kahanA kisI taraha bhI zakya nahIM hai ki hemacandra ne jJAnArNava se kucha nahIM liyaa| indrakIti kundakundAnvaya samUha mukhamaMDana dezIyagaNa ke vidvAna the| inakI aneka upAdhiyAM thIM-zrI madamahaccaraNa, sarasiMhabhRga, koNDakundAnvaya samUha mukhamaMDana, dezIyagaNa kumudavana, ko kalipurendra, lokya malla, sadAsarrAsakalahaMsa, kavijanAcArya, paNDita mukhAmburuha caNDamArtaNDa sarvazAstraza, kavikumudarAja trailokya mallendra kItihari mUrti / ina vizeSaNoM se indra kauti kI mahattA kA spaSTa bodha hotA hai| gaMgarAjA duviauta dvArA nirmApita mandira ko indra kIti ne kucha dAna diyA thaa| yaha zilAlekha kogali jilA bellArI maisUra kA hai jisakA samaya zaka saM0977 san 1055 (vi0 saM0 1112) haiN| (I0e055, 1626 pR074, i0 ma0 bellA. 166) kezavananvi bala gAragaNa meghanandi bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the| usa samaya samasta bhuvanAzraya, zrI pRthvI vallabha, mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara, parama bhaTTAraka aura satyAthaya kula tilaka prAdi aneka upAdhiyoM ke dhAraka trailokyamalla ke pravarddhamAna rAjya meM banavAsIpura meM mahAmaNDalezvara cAmuNDarAyarasa banavAsI 12000 para zAsana kara rahA thA. taba balilagAve rAjadhAnI meM zaka saM0 170 (san 1048) sarbadhArI samvatasara jyeSTha gavalA trayodazI prAdityavAra ke dina aSTopavAsi bhaTTAraka ko yasadi meM pUjA karane ke liye, 'bheruNDa' daNDa (mApa) jiDDa lige-sattara meM prApta dhAna (cAvala) ke kSetra kA dAna kezavanandi ko diyaa| -jaina lekha saM0bhA0 2 pR. 221 kulacandramuni mUlasaMghAnvaya krANUragaNa ke paramAnanda siddhAntadeva' ke ziSya the| bhuvanaikamalla ke suputra ne jisa samaya unakA rAjya pravardhamAna thaa| aura jo baMkApura meM nivAsa karate the aura una pAdapopajIvI cAlukya permADe bhavanaka bIra udayAditya zAsana kara rahe the| tava bhuvanaika malla ne zAnti nAtha mandira ke liye ukta kUlacandra mani ko nAgara khaNDa meM bhUmidAna diyaa| naMki yaha zilAlekha zaka saM0 666 san 1074 (vi0 saM0 1131) kA hai / ata: ukta muni IsA kI 11vIM aura vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke vidvAna haiN| 1.jana lekha saM0 bhA025.. 264-65 /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 kIrtivarmA yaha muni devacanda kA ziSya thaa| yaha deva canda saMbhavata: vaha haiM jo rAghavapANDavIya kAvya ke kartA zrutakIti vidya deva ke sama sAmayika the (zrava0 lekha naM. 40) / yaha cAlukya vaMzIya (solako) lokya malla ko putra thA, isane san 1044 se 106 taka rAjya kiyA hai / isake cAra putra the, jayasiMha, viSNa barbana, vijayAditya aura kiirtivrmaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma ketaladevI thA, jo jaina dharma niSThA thI, vaha jina bhakti se ota-prota thI, usane bhaktibaza saikar3oM jina mandira banavAe the| tathA jainadharma kI prabhAvanA ke aneka kArya kiye the| usake banavAe hae jina mandiroM ke khaNDahara aura unameM prApta zilAlekha usakI koti kA smaraNa karAte haiN| kautivarmA ke granthoM meM se isa samaya kevala eka hI 'govadya' nAma kA grantha prApta hai, jisameM pazunoM ke vividha rogoM aura unakI cikitsA kA varNana hai| isa grantha ke eka padya meM kavi ne apane Apako kIrticandra, baMrikariharikandarpamati, samyaktvaratnAkara, budhabhavya bAndhava, kavitAbdhicandra aura kIrtivilAsa prAdi vizeSaNoM se ullekhita kiyA hai 'vairikarihari' vizeSaNa se jJAta hotA hai ki vaha eka vIra yoddhA thA / muni pasiMha unhoMne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyaa| kintu apane grantha 'NANasAra' (jJAnasAra) ko antima gAthA meM batAyA hai niyane mana ke pratibodhArtha gaura, paramAtmA mvarUpa kI bhAvanA ke nimitta zrAvaNazuklA navamI vi0 saM0 1086 san 1026 meM aMbaka nagara (aMbaDa nagara) meM grantha kI racanA kI hai| grantha kI gAthA saMkhyA 63 hai aura use 74 zloka parimANa batalAyA gayA hai| grantha meM dhyAna viSaya kA kitanA hI upayogI varNana hai / 36 vI gAthA meM batalAyA hai ki jisa prakAra pASANa meM suvarNa aura kASTha meM agni donoM binA prayoga ke dikhAI nahIM par3ate usI prakAra dhyAna ke binA AtmA kA darzana nahIM hotA aura isase dhyAna kA mahAtmya, evaM lakSNa spaSTa jAna par3atA hai| grantha svapara-sambodhaka hai| 7 veM padya meM batalAyA hai ki jisa taraha dADha aura nakharahita siMha gajendroM kA hanana karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| usI taraha dhyAna ke binA yogI karma ke kSapaNe meM samartha nahIM hotA / prataH karmavana ko dagdha karane ke lie dhyAna kI atyanta AvazyakatA hai, dhyAna ekAnta sthAna meM hI saMbhava hai, mana kI caMcalatA dhyAna meM bAdhaka hai| muni padmasiMha vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| papranandi malabhAri mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustagaccha aura kauNDakundAnvaya ke vidvAna the| unhoMne pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kI sthApanA kI thii| san 1087 meM jaba cAlukya samrAT tribhubanamalla kalyANa se rAjya kara rahe the| usa samaya cAlakya vikrama varSa prabhava saMvatsara kI puNya pramAvasyA ravivAra ko uttarAyaNa saMkrAnti ke avasara para pUNDara ke mahAmaNDalezvara attarasa ne tikappa daNDa nAyaka ko pArzvanAtha kI pUjA ke liye bhUmi,udyAna aura kucha anya prAya ke sAdhanoM kA dAna diyA thA 1 ataH papranandi maladhAri kA samaya san 1087 (vi0 saM0 1154) hai| candraprabhAcArya-zaka saM0665 san 1072 ke eka stambha lekha meM bhAdrapada kRSNA zanivAra ke dina candraprabhAcArya ke svargavAsa kA varNana hai| -jaina lekha saM0 bhA051032 zrutakIti-kundakundAnvaya dezIgaNa ke vidvAna AcArya zrI kIti ke ziSya the| yaha apane samaya ke bar3e vidvAna, zAstrArtha vicArajJa, vyAkhyAtRtva, aura kavitvAdi guNoM meM prasiddha the / inakI kIrti jagattraya meM vyApta thii| 1. riNayamaNa paDivohatyaM paramasaruvassa bhAvaraNa Nimita / siri paumasiMha muNiNA NimmabiyaM gANasAramirA / / 61 sirivikkamassa kAse dazasama khAsI juryami vhmaanne| sASaNa siya NavamIe aMvaya eyarammi kayameyaM / / 62 2. parimANaM ca silomA pauhattari hu~ti gANasArasma / gAhANaM ca tisatI sulaliya baMdhe rahayAraNaM / / 63 3. ri0 i. e. 1660-61 jainalekha saM0 bhA0 5 pR0 34

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gyArasI aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, aura prAcArya ve sarvajJazAsana rUpI AkAza ke zaratkAlIna pUrNamAsI ke candramA the| aura ve tatkAlIna gAMgeya aura bhoja devAdi samasta nupa pugavoM se pUjita the| inameM gaMgeya deva to kalacuri nareza jJAta hote haiM jo kokkala (dvitIya) ke pazcAta san 1016 ke lagabhaga siMhAsanArUr3ha hue| aura san 1038 taka rAjya karate rahe haiM aura bhoja deva vahI dhArA ke paramarAvaMzI rAjA haiM, jinhoMne san 1000 se san 1055 (vi0 saM0 1112) taka mAlavA kA rAjya kiyA hai| pora jinakA gujarAta ke sola kI rAjAoM se aneka bAra saMgharSa huaa| isase zrutakIrti kA samaya san 1080 se 1015 taka ho sakatA hai| kavi dhanapAla kavi dhanapAla 'dharkaTa vaMza' nAmaka vaizya kula meM utpanna hayA thaa| isake pitA kA nAma mAesara aura mAtA kA nAma dhanasiri (dhanazrI) devI thA / prastuta dharkaTa yA dhakkaDa vaMza prAcIna hai| yaha vaMza 10vIM zatAbdI se 13vIM zatAbdI taka bahuta prasiddha rahA hai| aura isa vaMza meM aneka pratiSThita zrI sampanna puruSa aura aneka kavi hue haiN| bhaviSya datta kathA kA kartA prastuta dhanapAla pAvana vaMza meM utpanna huA thaa| jisakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI hai| dharma parIkSA (saM ) ke karmA gitamIsa uprAna hAse / jambUsvAmI caritra ke kartA vIra kavi (saM0 1076) ke samaya mAlava deza meM dhakkaDavaMza ke magha sudana ke pUtra takkhar3a zreSThI kA ullekha milatA hai jinakI preraNA se jAyU svAmI caritra racA gayA hai / saM0 1287 ke delabADA ke tejapAla vAle zilA lekha meM 'dharkaTa' jAti kA ullekha hai| isase isa vaMza kI mahattA aura prasiddhi kA sahaja hI bodha ho jAtA hai| dhanapAla apabhraza bhASA ke acche kavi the aura unheM sarasvati kA vara prApta thA jaisA ki kavi ke nimna vAkyo se-"citiya dhaNavAli vaNivareNa, sarasaha bahula mahAvareNa |"-prktt hai| kavikA sampradAya digambara thaa| yaha unake-'bhaMji vijerA yiMdavari laayu|' (saMdhi 5-20) ke vAkya se prakaTa hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu unhoMne 16 svarga ke rUpa meM acyuta svarga kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / yaha digambara mAnyatA hai| prAcArya kundakunda kI mAnyatAnusAra sallekhanA ko caturtha zikSAvrata svIkAra kiyA hai / kavi ke aSTa mUla guNoM kA kathana 10vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya amRtacandra ke purupArtha siddhaya pAya ke nimnapadya se prabhAvita hai : macaM mAMsa laudraM paJcodumbara phalAni yatnena / hisA vyuparati kAma moktavyAni prathamameva / / (3-61) 'mahu majja maMsu paMcu varAI, khajaMti Na jammatara sayAI / / 1. vidvAnsamastazAntrAthavicAra caturAnanaH / zirathacandra karAkAra kIrtivyApta jagatrayaH / / 13 vyAkhyAtRtva-kavitvAdi-guragahasakamAnasaH / sarvajJazAsanAkAza zaratyAbaNa candramAH // 14 gAMgeya bhojadevAdi samasta napapuGgavaH / pUjitotkRSTapAdAra vindo vikanastakalmaSaH / / 15 -zrIcandra kathAkoSa prazasti-jainatha-prazasti saM0bhA0 2507 2. dhakkaDa bariNasi mAesara ho smubhaassinn| dharaNasiri devi sueNa viraiu sarasai saMbhaviNa / / (antima prazasni) 3. aha mAlavammi varaNa-kaNa darasI, namarI nAmeNa siMdhu-varisI / tahiM dhakkA-baggai vaMza tilau, mahasUyaNa saMdaNu gugaNilau / gAmeNa seTThi takkhaDu basaI, jasa paDahu jAsu tihapariNa rasaI // (jaMyU0 prazasti) 4. madya mAMsa majutyAgaH sahovumbara eJcakaH / aSTAve te gRhasthAnAmuktA mUlaguraNAH zrutau // -(upAsakA0 21, 270) mahu majjapaMsa viraI cattA ye puNa jaMbarANa paMcAha / aTTede mUlaguNAti phuDa, desavilyammi / (-gA0 356) tatrAdI adhajjainI mAjJA hiMsAmapAsitum / madya mAMsa-madhu tyujjhet paMcakSIrI phalAni ca // -sA0 2-2

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206 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 prAcArya amRtacandra kI isa mAnyatA ko uttaravartI vidvAna AcAryoM ne (somadeva, devatena, paM0 prAzAdhara ne) apane granthoM meM apanAyA hai| ina saba pramANoM se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi dhanapAla digambara sampradAya ke vidvAna the| bhaviSyadatta kathA prastata kathA apabhraMza bhASA kI racanA hai| prastuta kRti meM 344 kaDavaka haiN| jinama zuna paMcamI ke vrata kA mahAtmya batalAte hae unake anuSThAna karane kA nirdaza kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI bhaviSyadatta aura kamalatho ke caritra-citraNa dvArA use aura bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| grantha kA kathA bhAga tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| caritra ghaTanA bAhalla hote hue bhI kathAnaka sundara bana par3e haiN| unameM sAdhu-asAdha jIvana vAle vyaktiyoM kA paricaya svAbhAvika bana par3A hai| kathAnaka ma alokika ghaTanAoM kA samIkaraNa huA hai, parantu vastu varNana meM kavi ke hRdaya ne sAtha diyA hai / ataeva nagara, dezAdika aura prAkRtika varNana sarasa ho sake haiN| grantha meM rasa aura alaMkAroM ke pUTa ne use sundara aura sarasa banA diyA hai / grantha meM jahAM zRgAra, vIra aura zAntarasa kA varNana hai vahA~ upamA, utprekSA, svabhAvokti pAra virodhAbhAsa Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga bhI dikhAI detA hai / bhASA meM lokoktiyA aura vAgdhArAoM kA prayoga bhI milatA hai| yathA--ki ghiu hoi virolie pANie-pAnI ke vilaune se kyA dhI ho sakatA hai| aNa icchiyahoti jiya dukkhaI sahasA pariNati tiha sokkhaI(3-10.8) jaise yadRcchayA dukha pAta he vase ho sahasA sukha bhI pA jAte haiM / jovaNa vidyArasavasa pasari so sUna so pddiyu| cala mammaNa vayaNullAyaehi jo parahi na khddiyu| (3-18-9) bahI zura bIra hai aura vahIM paMDita hai, jo yovana ke piya-vikAroM ke bar3hane para striyoM ke cacala kAmoddIpaka vacanoM se prabhAvita nahIM hotaa| jahAM jeNadattaM tahAteNa pattaM imaM succae siTTha noeNa vRttaM / supAyannayA kodavA jatta mAlI kahaM so naropaHpae tasthasAlI 1 jo jaisA detA haiM, vaisA hI pAtA hai| yaha ziSTa logoM ne saca kahA hai| jo mAlI kodoM dovegA vaha zAlI kahAM se prApta kara sakatA hai ina subhASatoM aura lokoktiyoM se grantha aura bhI sarasa bana gayA hai| grantha kA kathA bhAga tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| yathA1. vyApArI putra bhaviSyadatta kI saMpatti kA varNana, bhaviSyadatta, apane sautele bhAI andhudatta se do bAra dhokhA khAkara aneka kaSTa sahatA hai, kintu anta meM use saphalatA milatI hai| 2. kurUrAja aura takSazilA narezoM meM yuddha hotA hai, bhaviSya datta usameM pramukha bhAga letA hai, aura usameM vijayI hotA hai| 3. bhaviSyadatta tathA usake sAthiyoM kA pUrva janma vrnnn| kathA kA saMkSipta sAra bharata kSetra ke kurujAMgala deza meM gajapura nAma kA eka sundara aura samRddha nagara thaa| usa nagara kA zAsaka bhUpAla nAma kA rAjA thaa| usI nagara meM dhanapAla nAma kA nagara seTha rahatA thaa| vaha apane guNoM ke kAraNa loka meM prasiddha thaa| usakA vivAha haribala nAma ke seTha ko sundara putrI kamalazrI se huyaapaa| vaha atyanta rUpavatI aura guNavato thii| bahuta dinoM taka usake koI santAna na haI, ataeva baha cintita rahatI thii| eka dina usane apanI cintA kA kAraNa mUnivara se nivedana kiyA / munivara ne uttara meM kahA, tere kucha dinoM meM vinayI, parAkramI aura guNavAna putra hogaa| aura kucha samaya bAda usake bhaviSyadata nAma kA putra humA / vaha ta likhakara sava kalAnoM meM niSNAta ho gyaa| dhanapAna marUpA nAbha kI putrI se apanA dUsarA vivAha kara letA hai| usake bandhudAna nAma kA putra hmaa|

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, aura AcArya jaba vaha yuvA huaA taba bahuta utpAda macAne lgaa| nagara ke seThoM ne milakara vicAra kiyA ki yaha yuvatiyoM se cher3a khAnI karatA hai, ata: use kaMcanapura jAne ke lie taiyAra karanA caahie| mantrIjana vyavasAya ke nimitta andhudatta ko bhejane ke liye taiyAra ho gaye / aura bandhu datta ko apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha kaMcanadvIpa jAne hue dekhakara bhavigyadana bhI apanI mAtA ke bAra-bAra roke jAne para bhI unake sAtha ho liyA / jaba sarUpA ko patA calA to bandhudatta ko zinA kara kahA ki tuma bhaviSyadatta ko kisI taraha samudra meM chor3a denaa| jisase bandhu-bAndhavoM se usakA milApa na hI ske| parantu bhaviSyadatta kI mAtA use upadeza detI huI ki paradhana aura paranArI ko sparga na karane kI zikSA detI hai| pAMcasau baNikoM ke sAtha donoM bhAI jahAja meM baiThakara cle| kaI dvIpAntaroM ko pArakara unakA jahAja madanAga dvIpake samudra taTa para jA lgaa| pramukha loga jahAja se utara kara madanAga parvata ko zobhA dekhane lge| bandhudatta dhokhe se bhaviSyadatta ko bahIM eka jaMgala meM chor3akara apane sAthiyoM ke sa tha-sAtha Age calA jAtA hai| becArA bhaviSyadatta idhara-udhara bhaTakatA huA ujar3e hue eka samaddha nagara meM pahu~catA hai / aura vahAM ke jinamandira meM candraprabha jinakI pUjA karatA hai| usI ujar3e nagara meM vaha eka sundara yuvatI kA dekhatA hai| usA se bhaviAyadatta ko patA calatA hai ki vaha samRddha nagara asuroM dvArA ujAr3A gayA hai / kucha samaya bAda vaha asura vahAM pAtA hai aura bhaviSyadatta kA usa sundarI se vivAha kara detA hai| idhara putra ke cirakAla taka na lATane se kamala zrI sukhatA nAmakI AryikA se usake kalyANArtha zratapaMcamI vrata' kA anuSThAna karatI hai| udhara bhaviSyadatta bhI mA kA smaraNa hone se sapatnIka aura pracura sampatti ke sAtha ghara lauTatA hai / lauTate hue unakI bandhudatta se bhaMTa ho jAtI hai, jo apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha yAtrA meM asaphala ho vipatti dazA meM thaa| bhaviSyadatta unakA saharSa svAgata karatA hai, kintu vandhudatta ko dhokhe se vahIM chor3akara usakI patnI paura prabhUta dhana rAzilekara sAthiyoM ke sAtha naukA meM savAra ho vahAM se cala detA hai| mArga meM unako naukA punaH patha bhraSTa ho jAtI hai| aura ve jaise taise gajapUra pahaMcate hai| ghara pahaMca kara bandhudatta bhaviSyadatta kI patnI ko apanI bhAvI patnI ghoSita karatA hai unakA vivAha nizcita ho jAtA hai| kamalazrI logoM se bhaviSyadatta ke viSaya meM pUchatI hai, parantu koI use spaSTa nahIM btlaataa| kamalathI munirAja se putra ke sambandha meM pUchatI hai / munirAja ne kahA tumhArA putra jIvita hai, vaha yahAM prAkara prAdhA rAjya prApta karegA / eka mahIne bAda bhaviSyadatta bhI eka yakSa kI sahAyatA se gajapura pahuMcatA hai| aura apanI mAtA se saba bRttAnta kahatA hai, mAtA ko vaha nAgamudrikA dekara use bhaviSyAnurUpA ke pAsa bhejatA hai / tathA svayaM aneka prakAra ke ratnAdi lekara rAjA ke pAsa jAtA hai, aura unheM rAjA ko bheMTa karatA hai| bhaviSyadanta rAjA ko saba vRttAnta sunAnA hai, parijanoM ke sAtha vaha rAjasabhA meM jAtA hai aura bandhudatta ke bibAha para Apatti prakaTa karatA hai / rAjA dhanavai kA bulAtA hai| prora bandhudata kA rahasya khulane para rAjA krodhavaza donoM ko kArAvAsa kA daNDa detA hai| para bhaviSyadatta dhanavA ko chur3avA detA hai| rAjA jaya lakSmI aura candralekhA nAma kI do dApiyoM ko bhaviSyAnurUpA ke pAsa bhejatA hai ve jA kara bhaviSyAnurUpA se kahatI haiM / rAjA ne bhaviSyadatta ko deza me nikAlane kA mAdeza diyA hai aura bandhudatta ko sammAna 1 ataH ava tuma bandhudatta ke sAtha raho / kintu vaha bhaviSyadatta meM apanI anurakti prakaTa karatI hai| dhanavai nava dampati ko lekara ghara pAtA hai| kamala zrI vrata kA udyApana karatI hai, vaha jaina saMgha ko jevanAra detI hai, vaha pitA ke ghara jAne ko taiyAra hotI hai| para kaMcana mAlA dAsI ke kahane para seTha kamalathI se kSamA mAMgatA hai| rAjA sumitrA ke sAtha bhaviSyadatta kA vivAha karane kA prastAva karatA hai / kucha samaya ke bAda pAMcAla nareza citrAMga kA duta rAjA bhUpAla ke pAsa pAtA hai, aura kara tathA apanI kanyA sumitrA ko dene kA prastAva karatA hai / rAjA asamanjasa meM par3a jAnA hai, bhaviSyadatta yuddha ke liye taiyAra hotA hai| aura sAhasa tathA dhairya ke sAtha pAMcAla nareza ko bandI banA letA hai, rAjA sumitrA kA vivAha bhaviSyadata ke sAtha karatA hai aura rAjya bhI sauMpa detA hai| kucha dinoM bAda bhaviSyAnurUmA ke dohalA utpanna hotA hai aura vaha tilaka dvopa jAne kI icchA karatI hai, bhaviSyadatta saparivAra vimAna meM baiTha kara tilaka dvIpa pahuMcanA hai aura vahAM jinamandira meM candraprabha jinako sotsAha pUjana karatA hai aura cAraNa muni ke darzana vAra zrAvaka dharma kA svarUpa sunatA hai| apane mitra manovega ke

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 pUrva bhava kI kathA pUchatA hai, aura sabhI sakuzala gajapura loTa Ate haiM / bhaviSyadatta bahuta dinoM taka rAjya karatA hai bhaviSyAnurUpA ke cAra putra utpanna hote hai-suprabha, kanakaprabha, sUryaprabha aura somaprabha, tathA tArA sutArA nAma kI do putriyA utpanna hotI haiN| sumitrA se dharaNendra nAma kA puna mAra tArA nAma ko putro utpanna hotI hai| kucha samaya bAda vimala buddhi munirAja gajapura pAte haiN| bhaviSyadatta saparivAra unako vandanA ke lie jAtA hai, aura unase apane pUrvabhava jAnakara deha bhogoM se virakta ho, suprabha ko rAjya dekara dIkSA le letA hai| aura tapazcaraNa dvArA vaimAnika deva hotA hai aura anta meM mukti kA pAtra banatA hai| racanA kAla kavi dhanapAla ne bhaviSyadatta kathA meM racanA kAla nahIM diyA, aura na apanI guru paramparAhI dI hai| isase racanA kAla ke nirNaya karane meM bar3o kaThinAI ho rahI hai| anya ko sabase prAcIna pratilipi saM0 1363 kI upalabdha hai. jaisA ki lipi prazasti ko nimna paktiyoM se prakaTa hai: saMbacchare adhikarA vikkameNaM, hI ehi seraNavadi terhsennN| yarisseya pusaNa seyammi pakkhe: tihI vArasI somi rohiNI rikkhe| suhajjoimaya raMgo buddha patto imo sundaro satthu suha viNi smtto||' yaha zAstra susamvatasara vikrama terahasau terAnane meM pIsa mAMsa zukla pakSa dvAdazI somavAra ke dina rohiNI nakSatra meM zubha ghar3I zubha dina meM likha kara samApta hunaa| usa samaya dillI meM muhammadazAha vina tugalaka kA rAjya thaa| isa grantha pratiko likhAkara dene vAle dillI nivAsI himAla ke putra vAdhu sAha the| jinhoMne apanI kIti ke liye anya aneka zAstra upazAstra likhavAe the| yaha bhaviSyadata kathA unhoMne apane liye likhvaaii|' isase yaha anya saM0 1393 (san 1336 I0) se bAda kA nahIM ho sakatA, kintu usase pUrva racA gayA hai| DA. devendra kumAra ne bhUla se isa lipi prazasti ko jo agravAla vaMzo sAhu vAdhU ne likhavAI thii| mUlagraMtha kA dhanapAla kI prazasti samajhakara usakA racanA kAla saM0 1363 (san 1336 I0) nizciya kara diyaa| yaha eka mahAn bhUla hai, jise unhoMne sudhArane kA prayatna nahIM kiyaa| jabaki DA. harmana jaikobI ne isa graMtha kA racanA kAla dazavIM zatAbdI se pUrva mAnA jA sakatA likhA hai, zrI dalAla aura guNene bhavisayatta kahA kI bhUmikA meM batalAyA hai ki dhanapAla ko bhavisayatta kahA ki bhASA hemacanda se adhika prAcIna hai| isase spaSTa hai ki yaha grantha vi0 12 vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI racanA hai| phira bhI DA. devendra kumAra ne vikrama saM01230 meM racI jAne vAlI vivadha zrIdhara kI bhavisayatta kahA se tulanA kara dhanapAla kI kathA ko arvAcIna batalAne kA dussAhasa kiyA hai| jabaki svayaM usake bhASA sAhitya ko zithila ghaTiyA darje kA mAnA hai, aura likhA hai ki-"ina varNanoM ko dekhane para spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kAvya katitva zakti se bharapura hai| para kalpanAtmaka, bimbArtha yojanA aura alaMkaraNatA tathA saundaryAnubhUti kI jo jhalaka hameM dhanapAla kI bhaviSyadatta kathA meM lakSita hotI hai, vaha isa kAvya (vibudha zrIdhara kI kathA) meM nahIM hai|" "vivudha zrIdharakI bhaviSyadatta kathA kI bhASA calatI huI prasAda guNa yukta hai|" (dekho bhavisayatta kahA tathA apabhraMza kathA kAvya pR0 158) jabaki dhanapAla ko bhavisayatta kahA kI bhASA prauDha, alaMkaraNa mora bimbArya yojanAmAdi ko liye hue hai| bhASA prAMjala aura prasAda guNa se yukta hai| kavi dhanapAla ne grantha meM yaSTa mUla guNoM ko batalAte hue madya mAMsa aura madhu ke sAtha paMca udabara phaloMke tyAga ko praSTa mUla guNa batalAyA hai| yathA-mahumajjU maMsu paMcabarAI khajjati Na jmmtrsyaaii| (bhavisayata kahA 16-8) dazavIM zatAbdI se pUrva praSTamUla guNoM meM paMca udambara phaloM kA tyAga zAmila nahIM thA, kintu paMcANuvrata - - - - - 1 ihatte parate suhAyAra heja, tiNe lihita suapaMcamI Niyaha hai / anekAnta varSa 22 kiraNa 1 2 zrI dalAla aura guNe dvArA sampAdita gAyakavATa oriyanTala sIroja prathAMka 020, 1923 I0 meM prakAzita /

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, aura AcArya ke sAtha tIna makAra kA tyAga parigaNita thA, jaisA ki AcArya samantabhadra ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai : madya mAMsa madhutyAgaH sahANuvratapaJcakam / aSTau mUlaguNAnAmuhiNAM shrmrnnottmaaH|| ..pana karaNDa zrAvakAcAra-4-66) prAcArya jinasena ke bAda aNTamala guNoM meM pAMca aNuyatoM ke sthAna para paMca udambara phaloM ke tyAga ko zAmila kiyA gayA hai / dAvIM zatAbdI ke pramRta candrAcArya ke puruSArtha siddhacupAya ke nimna padya meM praSTamUla guNoM meM paMca udambara phaloM kA tyAga batalAyA hai : matha mAMsa kSaudraM paJcombara phalAni yatnena / hisA vyaparatikArmoktavyAni prathama meva // --puruSArthasiddhaya pAya 3-61 somadevAcArya (1016) ke upAsakAdhyayana meM aSTamUla guNoM meM tIna makAroM (madya mAMsa magha) ke tyAga ke sAtha paMca udambara phaloM kA tyAga bhI batalAyA hai aura inake uttaravartI vidvAn amitagati devasena padmanandi mAzAdhara pAdi ne bhI svIkRta kiyA hai| kavi dhanapAla ne prAcArya amRta vanda se praSTamUla guNoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai yadi yaha mAna liyA jAya to dhanapAla kA samaya dazavoM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa apavA gyArahavIM zatAbdI prathama caraNa ho sakatA hai| ve usake bAda ke granthakAra nahIM hai| jayasena yaha lADa bAgaDa saMgha ke pUrNacandra the| zAstra samudra ke pAragAmI aura tapa ke nivAsa the| tayA stro ko kalA rUpI bANoM se nahIM bhide the-pUrNa brahmacarya se pratiSThita the| jaisA ki mahAsenAcArya ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai zrI lATa vargaTanabhassalapUrNacandraH, zAstrArNavAntaga sudhIstapasAM nivAsaH / kAntA kalAvapi ma yasya zaravibhinna svAntaM babhUva sa munirjayasema nAmA / / inake ziSya guNAkarasena sUri aura praziSya mahAsena the| mahAsena ko kRti pradyumnacaritra prasiddha hai| mahAsena muja dvArA pUjita the / muMja kA samaya vikrama ko 11vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla hai| inake samaya ke do dAnapatra saM01031aura 1036 ke mile haiN| saM01050aura 1054 ke madhya kisI samaya tailadeva ne maM.ja kA vadha kiyA thaa| guNAkara sena aura mahAsena ke 50 varSa kama kara diye jAya to jayasena kA samaya 10voM pAtAbdI ho sakatA hai| vAgbhaTa (neminirvANakAvya kartA)vAgbhaTa nAmake aneka vidvAna ho gaye haiN| unameM prastuta vAgbhaTa unase prAcIna aura bhinna hai| inhoMne apanA paricaya 'neminirvANa' kAvya ke antima padya meM diyA hai| 1 madyamAMsa madhurayAgaH shodurdunbrpnyjkaiH| aSTAvete gRhasthAnAmuktA mUlaguNA: zruteH / / -sapAsakAdhyayana 270 10 129 2 bhAratIya sAhitya meM vAgmaTa nAma ke aneka vidvAnoM ke nAma milate haiN| eka 'vAgbhaTa aSTAMga hRdaya' nAmaka vaMdya pranya ke phartA, jo sindhu deza ke nivAsI aura siMha gupta ke putra the| jaisA ki aSTAMga hRdaya kI kanar3I lipI kI anta prazasti ke nimna parA se prakaTa hai :-pajanmanaH sukRtinaH khalu sindhudeze yaH putravanta makaroda bhuvi siMha guptan / tenokta metadubhayazamiSavareNa sthAna samAptamiti...11111 (dekho, maisUra ke paNDita paparAja ke pustakAlaya kI kanahI prati / ) dUsare vAgbhaTa neminirvANa kAvya ke kartA jinakA paricaya apara diyA gayA hai| tIsare vAgbhaTa (sve) vAgbhaTrAlaMkAra ke kartA somazreSThI ke putra the, aura solaMkI rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha ke sama kAlIna aura unake mahAmAtya (maMtrI) the| jaya siMha kA kAla vi0 saM0 1150 se 1196 nizcita huvA hai / gujarAtano madhyakAlIna rAjapUta itihAsa, durgAzaMkara zAstrI kA pa0 225 / cauthe vAgbhaTa nemikumAra ke putra the, jinakA pariSaya bAge diyA gayA hai /

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312 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 ahicchatra purotpannaH prAgvATakulazAlinaH / chAhaDasya sutazcake prabandhaM vAgbhaTaH kaviH / / isase spaSTa hai ki kavi kA janma ahicchatrapura meM hayA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma chAhar3a aura kula prAgvATa (poravAr3a) thA / ahicchatrapura nAma ke donoM kA vaha milatA hai| unameM hicchatrapura uttarI paMcAla kI rAjadhAnI thA, jo eka purAtana aitihAsika nagara hai| vividha tIrtha kalpa (pRSTha 14) meM isakA prAcIna nAma 'saMkhAvatI' diyA hai 1 ahicchatra kA nAma teIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna pAzvanAtha ke upasaMga ke jItane aura kaivalya prApta karane ke kAraNa loka meM prasiddha huA hai / solaha janapadoM meM paMcAla kA nAma pAyA hai| usameM paMcAla anapada ke do bhAga batalAye haiM ; uttara aura dakSiNa / uttara paMcAla kI rAjadhAnI ahicchatra aura dakSiNa ko rAjadhAnI kAmpilya / sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha AcArya pAtra kesarI ne ahicchatra ke rAjA kI sevA kA parityAga karake jaina dIkSA le lI thI / aura bauddhoM ke trilakSaNa hetu kA nirasana karane ke liye vilakSaNakadarthana' nAma kA eka vizAla dArzanika grantha banAyA thaa| jo isa samaya anupalabdha hai| dUsare ahicchatra ke rAjA durmukha kI kathA jagata prasiddha hai| bahAM rAjA basupAla ne pArzvanAtha kA eka vizAla mandira banavAyA thA aura usameM kalAtmaka sundara pAvanASa kI mUti kA nirmANa karAkara use vahAM pratiSThita kiyA thA aura kalAkAra ko pracara dravya pradAna kiyA thaa| nAgaura ko nAgapura aura ahicchatrapura kahA jAtA thaa| para usakI itanI prasiddhi nahIM thii| aura na vaha tIrtha hI kahalAtA thaa| astu yaha nirNaya karanA yahAM zakya nahIM hai, kisa ahicchatrapura meM vAgbhaTa kA janma huA thaa| isake liye prAcIna pramANoM ke anveSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai / tabhI isakA nirNaya ho skegaa| racanA kavi ko eka mAtrakRti 'neminirvANa' kAvya hai, jo 15 sargoM meM vibhAjita hai| aura jisakI zloka saMkhyA 156 hai| isa kAvya meM bhagavAna neminAtha kA jIvana vRtta aMkita hai| prathama sarga meM caturvizati tIrthakaroM kA sundara stavana diyA huA hai| mahArAja samudra vijaya putra ke prabhAva meM cintita rahate the| unhoMne putra prApti ke liye aneka vratoM kA anuSThAna kiyA thaa| dUsare sarga meM rAnI ne rAtri ke pichale bhAga meM solaha svapna dekhe, mahArAnI zivA kI sevA ke liye devAMgamAeM pAI aura aneka taraha se mAtA kI sevA karane lagIM tIsare sarga meM rAnI ne rAjA se svapnoM kA phala pUchA, rAjA ne batalAyA ki tumheM lokamAnya putra ratna kI prApti hogI, jo loka kA kalyANa kara mukti ko prApta kregaa| cauthe sarga meM tIrthakara ke garbha meM pAne se rAnI ke saundarya ko abhivRddhi honA aura zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI ka dina putra kA janma huA, tIrthakara ke janmAbhiSeka kI sUcanA cAroM nikAyoM ke devoM ko ghaNTA, aura zaMkhadhvani mAdi se prApta huI aura ve saparikara vArAvatI meM pAye / __ --- -- 1 sva. ma. ma. ojhA jI ke anusAra 'nAgaura kA purAnA nAma nAgapura yA ahicchAtra pura thaa| -dekho, nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA mA0 2 pR0 326 2 dekho, anekAnta varSa 24 kiraNa 6 pR. 265 meM prakAzita lekhaka kA uttara pacAla kI rAjadhAnI ahicchatra nAma kA lekha / 3 bhUbhRtpadAnuvartI san rAja sevA parAMgamukhaH / saMyato'pi ca mokSArthI bhAtyaso pAtrakezarI / / dekho,-jagaratAsluka zilAlekha 4 hariSeNa kaSA koza kI 12 vI kathA pR0 22 5 hariSeNa kathA kozakI 20vIM kathA /

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcAya pAMcaveM sarga meM bhagavAna kA devoM ne janmAri yAga se mApana kiyA / indrane usakA nAma ariSTamemi rkkhaa| janmAbhika sampanna kara deva svarga loka cale ge| chaThe saga meM ariSTanemi kI navodita candramA ke samAna zarIra kI abhivRddhi hone lgii| ve tIna jJAna ke dhAraka the| unase purajana parijana sabhI prAnandita the / yuvA hone para bhI unameM viSaya-vAsanA nahIM thii| unakA saundayaM anupama thaa| yAdava loga raktaka para basanta kA avalokana karane ge| ariSTanemi se bhI sArathI ne raivataka para calane ke liye nivedana kiyA / sArathIkI preraNA se neminAtha bhI parvata kI zobhA dekhane gye| sAtaveM sarga meM kavi ne raivataka parvata kA bar3A sundara varNana 55 padyoM meM kiyA hai| jinameM lagabhaga 44 chanda prayukta hue haiN| varNana kI chaTA anUThI hai / jalapUrNa sarovaroM meM haMsa krIr3A kara rahe the| campA aura sahakAra kI chaTA isa parvata kI bhUmi ko suvarNamaya banA rahI thii| kurabaka, azoka, tilaka mAdi vRkSa apanI zobhA se nandana bana ko bhI tiraskRta kara rahe the| sArathi kI preraNA se parvatarAja kI zobhA dekhane vAle neminAtha ne saghana chAyA meM nirmita paTa mandira meM nivAsa kiyaa| parvata kitanA zrI sampanna thaa| usa para tapasvinI gaNinI gAyikA virAjamAna haiN| jo muni samUha se zobhita haiM, zuruSoM se sahita haiM, yaduvaMza bhUSaNa nemijinendra ke virAjamAna hone para usa parvata ko zobhA kA kyA kahanA / UrjayantagirI kA itanA sundara varNana mujhe anyatra dekhane meM nahIM paayaa| pAThaveM sarga meM yAdavoM kI jala krIr3A kA sundara varNana hai, navameM sarga meM sUryAsta, saMdhyA, tathA candrodaya kA sundara sajIva varNana nihita hai| sUryAsta hone para andhakAra ne praveza kiyaa| rAtrike saghana andhakAra ko chinna-bhinna karane ke liye hI mAnoM auSadhipati (candramA) kA udaya huaa| dazave sarga meM-madhupAna kA varNana hai, yuvaka aura yuvatiyAM madhupAna meM prAsakta thIM, madhu kA mAdaka nazA unheM mAnanda vibhora banA rahA thA / yAdava loga madhupAna se unmatta ho vividha prakAra kI surata krIr3AnoM meM anurakta the| gyArahaveM sarga meM rAjA ugrasena kI suputrI rAjImatI vasanta meM jala krIr3A ke liye apanI mAtAoM ke sAtha ravataka para pAI thii| ariSTa nemi ke avalokanase vaha kAma bANa se vidha gaI / zArIrika santApa meTane ke liye sakhiyoM ne candanAdi kA upayoga kiyA, kintu santApa adhika bar3ha gayA / yAdaveza samudravijaya ne nemike liye rAjImatI kI yAcanA ke lie zrIkRSNa ko bhejaa| unasena ne saharSa svIkRti pradAna kii| ariSTa nemi ke vivAha kA zubha muhUrta nizcaya kiyA gayA / vivAhotsavakI taiyAriyAM hone lgii| bArahaveM sarga meM nemi kI vara yAtrA sajane lagI, zrRMgAra bettAoM ne unakA zRMgAra kiyA, zuddha vastra dhAraNa kiye prAbhUSaNa pahane, isase nemike zarIra kI prAbhA zaratkAlIna megha ke samAna pratIta hotI yo| ve mahAna vaibhava aura sampatti se yukta the / svarNa nirmita toraNa yukta rAjamArga se nemi dhIre-dhIre jA rahe the| udhara rAjImatI kA bhI sundara zrRMgAra kiyA gayA thA / vara ke saundarya kA avalokana ke liye nAriyAM gavAkSoM meM sthita hogii| sabhI loga rAjomatI ke bhAgya kI sarAhanA kara rahe the / dUrvA prakSata, aura kuMkuma tathA dhadhise pUrNa svarNa pAtra ko liye rAjImatI vara ke svAgatArtha dvAra para prastuta huii| terahaveM sargameM ratha se utarane ke liye prastuta ariSTanemi ne pazuoM kA karuNa 'krandana' sunA / nemi ne sArathI se pUchA ki pazuoM kI yaha pArtadhvani kyoM sunAI par3a rahI hai ? sArathI ne uttara diyA-vivAha meM samilita atithiyoM ko ina pazuoM kA mAMsa khilAyA jAyagA / sArathI ke uttara se nemi ko atyadhika vedanA huii| aura unheM pUrva janma kA smaraNa ho paayaa| ve ratha se utara par3e aura samasta vaivAhika cinhoM ko zarIra se alaga kara diyaa| ugrasana prAdi ne tayA kuTumbI janoM ne aSTinemi ko samajhAne kA prayatna kiyA, para saba niSphala rahA, unhoMne spaSTa uttara diyA ki maiM vivAha nahIM kruuNgaa| jaisA ki grantha ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai: 1 munigaNa sevyA-guhaNA yuktAryA jayati sAmutra / caraNagata makhilameva sphuratitarAM lakSaNaM yasyAH // 7-2

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 zrasvA tamAtadhvanimekavIraH sphAraM viganteSa sa sa vaSTi / darzavATa nikare niSaNNAH khinnAkhilakhApana varga garbham / / taM vIkSa papraccha kRtI kumAra; sva sArathi manmathasAra matiH / kimartha mete yugapanmibaddhAH pArzaH prabhUtAH pAvo raTantaH // 3 zrImanvivAhe bhavataH samantAbhyAgatasya svajanasya bhuktyaH / kariSyate pAka vidhevizeSa vANibhiH tamityuvAca // 4 zrutvA vacastaspa savazyavRttiH sphuratkRpAntaH karaNaH kumaarH| nivArayAmAsa vivAha karmANya dharmabhIruH smRta pUrvajanmA // 5 anusaratyatrarathAnniSiddha niH zeSavaivAhika saMvidhAna / / sa vismayaH ki kimatibravANaH samAkulo'bhUkya bandhuvargaH // 6 unhoMne apane zikArI jIvana se jayanta vimAna meM utpanna hone taka kI pUrva bhavAvalI bhI sunAI, aura samasta purajanoM aura parijanoM ko samajhA kara bana kA mArga grahaNa kiyA, aura revatagiri para dIkSA lekara tapa kA manu SThAna karane lge| kavi ne tIrthakara neminAtha kI virakti ke prasaMga meM zAntarasa ko saMyojita kiyA hai| parAoM ke cItkArane unake hadaya ko dravita kara diyA hai, aura ke vivAha ke samasta vastrAbhUSaNoM kA parityAga kara tapazcaraNa ke liye vana meM cale jAte haiN| isa sandarbha ko kavi vAgbhaTa ne atyanta sundara aura mArmika banAyA hai / bhagavAna neminAtha vicAra karate haiM: parigrahaM nAhamimaM kariSye satyaM yatiSye paramArtha siddh| vibhoga lIlAmagataSNikAsu prayataMke kaH khalu sdvivekH|| vibhoga sAraGgahato hi jantuH parAM bhuvaM kAmapi gAhamAnaH / hiMsAnatastepamahAvanAntavanamyate recita sAdhumArgaH / / mAramA prakRtyA paramosamo'yaM hisAM bhajankopi niSAdakAntAm / dhikkAra bhAgno labhate kadAciva saMzAyaM vivyapurapravezam / / bAnaM tapovadhuSa vRkSamUlaM zraddhAnato yena vivarghya dUram / svanamti mUDhAH svayamevahiMsA phuzIlatA svIkaraNena sdyH|| maiM vivAha nahIM karUMgA, kintu paramArtha siddhi ke liye samIcIna rUpa se prayatna kruuNgaa| aisA kauna samvikI puruSa hogA, jo bhogarUpI mRgatRSNA meM pravRtti kregaa| bhogarUpI sAraMga pakSI se huta prANI hiMsA, jhaTha, corI kuzIla bhora parigraha ko karatA huA apane sAghu karma kA bhI parityAga kara detA hai / yadyapi yaha pAramA prakRti se uttama hai to bhI vaha para krodhotpAdaka hiMsA kA sevana karatA huA dhikkAra kA bhAgI banatA hai; kintu svarga aura nirvANa prAdi ko prApta nahIM karatA hai| jo dAna aura tapa rUpI dharma vRkSa para zraddhAna karate hue unheM dUra taka nahIM bar3hAte haiM, ve mUrkha haiM aura hiMsA kuzIlAdi kA sevana kara dharma vRkSa kI jar3a ko ukhAr3a DAlate haiM / arthAta jo vyakti dravya yA bhAvarUpa hiMsA meM pravRtta hotA hai vaha durgati kA pAtra banatA hai| ataeva vivekI puruSa ko jAgrata hokara dharma sevana karanA caahiye| caudahaveM sarga meM nemi ne durdhara evaM kaThora tapazcaraNa kiyA / varSA grISma aura zarata Rtu ke unmukta dAtA varaNa meM kAyotsarga meM sthita hae aura zukladhyAna dvArA ghAti-karma kAlimA ko vinaSTa kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| jisa taraha andhakAra rahita dIpaka ko prabhA dvArA rAtri meM apane bhavanoM ko dekhA jAtA hai usI prakAra bhagavAna neminAtha samUtpanna hue kevalajJAna dvArA tInoM lokoM ko dekhane jAnane lge| yathA

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAnI ke vidvAna, aura AcArya 315 "sa barza jagannAthaM tato vilasankevala-bodha-sampadA / pravalupta tamaH pradIpa prabhayA nanakta mivAtmamandiram // 14-45 antima 15 ve sarga meM kevalajJAna prApta hote hI devoM ne nemi tIrthaMkara kI stuti kI aura samavasaraNa kI racanA kii| bhagavAna neminAtha ne saptatatva aura karmabandhAdi viSayoM kA mArmika upadeza diyaa| paura vividha dezoM meM vihAra kara jana-kalyANa ke Adarza mArga ko btlaayaa| usase jagata meM ahiMsA aura sukha-zAnti kA prasAra hmaa| anta meM yoga nirodhakara avaziSTa adhAti karma kA vinAzakara avinAzI svAsmopalabdhi ko prApta kiyaa| isa taraha yaha kAvya bar3A hI sUndara sarala aura rasa alaMkAroM se yukta hai| surASTra deza meM pRthvI kA sundara varNana karate hue samudra ke madhya meM vasI dvArAvatI kA varNana atyanta sundara bana par3A hai| usameM zliSTopamA kA udAharaNa bahuta hI sundara huA hai| prisphurnmnnddlpunnddriikcchaayaapniitaatpsNpryogH|| yA rAjahaMsarupasevyamAnA, rAMjIvinIvAmbUnidhau rraaje||37 jo nagarI samudra ke madhya meM kamalinI ke samAna zobhAyamAna hotI hai| jisa prakAra kamalinI vikasita puNDarIkoM-kamaloM-kI chAyA se jinakI prAtApa vyathA zAnta ho gaI hai aise rAjahaMsA haMsavizeSo se sevita hotI hai| usI prakAra vaha nagarI bhI tane hue vistuta puNDarIkoM-chatroM-kI chAyA se pAtapa vyathA dUra ho gaI hai aise rAjahaMsoM bar3e bar3e zreSTha rAjAmoM se sevita thI--usameM aneka rAjA mahArAjA nivAsa karate the| kavi kA sampradAya di0 jana thA, kyoMki unhoMne mallinAtha tIrthaMkara ko kururAja kA putra mAnA hai, putrI nahIM, jaisA ki zvetAmbara loga mAnate haiN| virodhAmAsa alaMkAra ke nimna udAharaNa se spaSTa hai : tapa: kuThAra-kSata karmaballi-mallininovaH shriymaatnotu| kuroH sutasyApi na yasya jAtaM, zAsanasvaM bhuvanezvarasya // 16 // isameM batalAyA hai ki-'taparUpa kuThAra ke dvArA karmarUpa dela ko kATane vAle ve mallinAtha bhagavAna tuma sabako lakSmI ko vistRta kareM, jo kuru ke putra hokara bhI duHzAsana nahIM the, pakSameM duSTa zAsana vAle nahIM the| . mallinAtha bhagavAna kururAja ke putra to the, kintu duHzAsana nahIM the yaha virodha hai, usakA parihAra aise ho jAtA hai, ki mallinAtha ke pitA kA nAma kururAja thA, isakA kAraNa ve kururAja putra kahalAye, kintu ve duHzAsana nahIM the- unakA zAsana duSTa nahIM thA-unake zAsana ke sabhI jIva sukha-zAMti se rahate the| isa padya meM tapa aura kUThAra, karma aura balli kA rUpaka tathA balli aura malli kA anupAsa bhI dRSTavya hai| vAstava meM alaMkAra bhAvAbhivyakti ke vizeSa sAdhana haiN| pratyeka kavi racanA meM saundarya aura camatkAra lAne ke liye alaMkAroM kI yojanA karatA hai / kavi vAgbhaTa ne bhI apanI racanA meM saundarya vidhAna ke liye alaMkAroM ko niyojita kiyA hai| pralaMkArI ke sAtha rasoM ke sandarbha kI saMyojanA use aura bhI sarasa banA detI hai / isase pAThakoM kA kevala manoraMjana hI nahIM hotA kintu una para kAvya mora kavi ke zrama kA prabhAva bhI aMkita hotA hai| racanAkAla kavi vAgbhaTa ne apanI guruparamparA aura racanAkAla kA grantha meM koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kintu vAgbhaTrAlakAra ke kavi vAgbhaTa (saM0 1176) ne apane grantha meM neminirmANa kAvya ke aneka padya udadhata kiye haiM / neminirvANa kAthya ke chaThe sarga ke 3 padya-'kAntArabhUmI' 'juhurvasante' aura nemivizAla nayanoM zrAdi 46, 47 aura 51 naM0 ke padya vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra ke caturtha pariccheda ke 35, 36 aura 32 naM. para pAye jAte haiN| aura sAtaveM sarga kAvaraNA prasana nikarA' Adi 26 naM. kA padya cauthe pariccheda ke 40 naM. para upalabdha hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki neminirvANa kAvya ke kartA kavi vAgbhaTa vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra ke kartA se pUrvavartI haiN| unakA samaya saMbhavataH vi. kI 11vIM zatAbdI honA caahie| yahAM yaha vicAraNIya hai ki dharmazarmAbhyudaya paura neminirvANa kAvya kA tulanAsmaka adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki dono kA eka dUsare para prabhAva rahA hai| donoM kI kahIM-kahIM zabdAvalI

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316 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 bhI milatI hai / sambhava hai donoM 10-20 varSa ke antarAla ko liye hue sama sAmayika hoN| isa sambandha meM abhI anya pramANoM ke anveSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai / neminirvANa kAvya para eka paMjikA upalabdha hai| jisake kartA bhaTTAraka jJAna bhUSaNa haiN| puSpikA vAkya meM use nemi nirvANa mahAkAvya kI paMjikA likhA hai / 'iti zrI bhaTTAraka jJAna bhUSaNa viracitAyAM zrI neminirvANa mahAkAvya paMjikAyAM prathama sargaH / paMjikA kI pratilipi nayAmandira dharmapurA dillI ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| harisiMha muni muni harisiMha kA ullekha sudarzana caritra ke karttA nayanandI ne sakala vidhi vidhAna ko prazasti meM kiyA hai / nandI inake samIpa hI rahate the| inakI preraNA se unhoMne 'sayala vihni vihANa kAvya kI racanA kI hai| hari siMha bhI dhArA nagarI ke nivAsI the| cUMki nayanandI ne saM0 1100 meM sudarzana caritra samApta kiyA hai| ataH inakA samaya bhI vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI hai ! haMsasiddhAnta deva prastuta zrAcArya haMsasiddhAnta deva somadevAcArya ke nItivAkyAmRta ko racanA ke samaya loka meM prasiddha the / aura jaina siddhAnta ke nirUpaNa meM pramANa mAne jAte the| jaisA ki nIti vAkyAmRta kI prazasti ke nimna vAkya se "na bhavasi samayoko haMsa siddhAnta devaH / " jAnA jAtA hai| inakA samaya somadeva kI taraha vikrama kI 10vIM yA 11vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha jAna par3atA hai| harSanandI yaha rAmanandI kI guru paramparA ke vidvAn nandanandI ke ziSya the| aura jItasAra samucya ke kartA vRSabha nandI ke guru bhAI the / grata evaM unhoMne apane grantha prazasti ke 'anuja harSanandinA sulikhya jotasAra zAstramujvalodghRtaM dhvajAyate" nimna vAkyoM meM unakA anujarUpa se ullekha kiyA hai| harSa nandI ne jItasAra samucca kI sundara prati likhakara dI thii| inakA samaya vikrama kI dazavIM yA gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA prArambhika bhAga hogA / mahAmuni hemasena yaha draviDa saMghastha nandisaMgha, amaMgalAnvaya ke vidvAn the jo zAstra rUpI samudra ke pAragAmI the| jinake vacana rUpa vajrAbhighAta se pravAdiyoM ke madarUpI bhUbhRta khaNDita ho jAte the| jaisA ki nimna pakSoM se jAnA jAtA hai: -- zrImadra vila-saMdhe'smin nandisaMdhe'tyaruGgalaH / prandayo bhAti yo'zeSaH- zAstra - vArAzi-pAramai || yad vAgavajrAbhighAtena pravAdi-mada-bhUbhRtaH / saccUNNitAstu bhAtisma hemaseno mahAmuniH / / aise mahAmuni hemasena the / hummaca kA yaha lekha kAla nirdeza se rahita hai, phira bhI ise san 1070 I0 kA kahA jAtA hai / ataH hemasena kA samaya IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA upAntya bhAga jAna par3atA hai / bhAvasena yaha kASThA saMgha lADavAgaDa gaccha ke prAcArya the / gopasena ke ziSya aura jayasena ( 1055) ke guru the, jinhoM 1 dekhI anekAnta varSa 14 kiraNa 10 27 purAne sAhitya kI loja nAma kA lekha

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vijJAna, AcArya ne sakalI karahATaka meM dharmaratnAkara kI racanA kI thii| prastuta bhAvasena 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke vidvAna the| inakI koI kRti prApta nahIM hai / - - . - . - mahAkavi haricandra haricandra nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| eka haricandra kA ullana carakasaMhitA ke TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM milatA hai| inakA AnumAnika samaya IsAkI prathama zatAbdI hai / kavi vANabhaTTa ne harSacarita ke prArambha meM bhadrAraka haricandra kA ullekha kiyA hai| / rAjadokhara kI kAvya mImAMsA meM bhI haricandra kA ullekha milatA hai| gauDavahI meM bhAsa, kAlidAsa aura subandhuke sAtha haricandra kA nAmollekha pAtA hai| kintu prastuta haricandra uktakaviyoM se bhinna haiN| ina mahAkavi haricandra kA janma sampanna parivAra ke nomaka baMza meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma prAIdeva pIra mAtA kA nAma rathyAdevI thaa| inakI jAti kAyastha tho, parantu ye jainadharmAvalambI the| kavi ne svayaM apane ko prarahanta bhagavAna ke caraNa kamaloM kA bhramara likhA hai| inake choTe bhAI kA nAma lakSmaNa thaa| jo inakA AjJAkArI bhakta aura gRhasthI kA bhAra bahna karane meM samartha thaa| dharmazarmAbhyudaya ko prazasti padyoM se prakaTa hai : muktAphala sthiti ralaMkRtiSu prasiddhastatrAdaveva iti nirmala mUtirAsIt / kAyastha eva niravadya guNagrahaH sannako'pi yaH kalAkulamazeSamalaMcakAra // 2 lAvaNyAmyunidhiH kalAkula grahaM saubhAgya sabhAgyayoH / kIr3AveramavilAsavAsavalabhI bhUSAspadaM saMpavAm / zaucAcAravivakavismayamahI prANapriyA zUlina:, zarvANIva pativratA praNayinI razyati tasyAbhavat // 3 prahaspadAmbhoruhacaJcarIkastayoH sutaH zrIharicanda pAsIta / guruprasAdAmalA babhavuH sArasvase sotasi yasya vAcaH / / 4 bhaktena zaktena lakSmaNena nirvyAkulo rAma ivAnujena / yA: pAramAsAvita baddhisetuH zAstrAmburAzeH paramAsasAda // 5 mahAkavi haricandra kAvyazAstra ke niSNAta vidvAna the| unhoMne kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza, kumArasaMbhava, kirAta tathA zizupAla vadha ke sAtha candraprabhacarita, tatvArtha sutra, aura uttara purANa Adi jaina granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| yadyapi unhoMne apane se pUrvavartI kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA avalokana kiyA thA aura unase kucha preraNA bhI grahaNa kI hai. kinta unake pada vAkyAdi kA koI upayoga nahIM kiyaa| kyoMki kavi ko sabhI sandarmoM meM maulikatA vyApta hai| siddhAnta zAstrI paM0 kailAzacandra jI ne mahAkavi haricandra ke samaya-sambandhi lekhameM dharmazarmAbhyudaya kI bIranandI ke candraprabhacarita ke sAtha tulanA karake likhA hai ki donoM granthoM meM atyadhika samAnatA hai to bhI kAvya kI daSTi se hameM candraprabhakA dharmazarmAbhyudaya para koI RNa pratIta nahIM hotaa| kyoMki mahAkavi haricandra mAgha prAdi kI Takkara ke kavi hai| mahAkavi ne isa mahAkAvya meM una samasta guNoM kA varNana kiyA hai jinakA ullekha kavi daNDI ne kiyA 1 padabandho balohArI ramya varNapadasthitiH / / bhaTTAraka haricandrasya madyabandho nRpAyate // harSacarita 1-13 pR0 10 2 haricandra candraguptau parIkSitA viha vizAlAyAm / -kA. mI0 a0 10 pR0 135 (vihAra rASTrabhASA saMskaraNa, 1954 I.) 3 bhAsammi jalamitte kattI deve ajassa rhaare| so bandhave a baMdhammi jharacade a aado||800 -uDabaho bhANDAra kara oriyaNTala insTITyUTa nA 1927 ii.| 4 dekho, anekAnta varSa 8 kiraNa 17-1010376

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAma-bhAga 2 hai / mahAkAvya meM nAyaka ke carita ke prasaMgAnusAra nagara, rAjA, upavana, parvata, RtuoM, jalakrIr3A, sandhyA, prabhAta, candrodaya aura rativilAsa prAdi prakRti kA vicitratAoM aura jIvana kI anubhUtiyoM kA varNana samAviSTa karanA Avazyaka hai| paMDitarAja jagannAtha ne kAvya ke prAcIna lakSaNoM kA samanvaya karate hue kAvya kA lakSaNa-'ramaNIyArtha pratipAdakaH zabdaH kAvyam'-ramaNIya artha ke pratipAdana karane vAle zabda samuha ko kAvya-batalAyA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki kAvya meM ramaNIyatA kevala alaMkAroM se hI nahIM pAtI,kintu usake lie sundara arthavAle zabdoM kA cayana bhI jarUrI hai| mahAkavi haricandra ne isa kAvya meM zabda aura atha donoM ko bar3I sundaratA ke sAtha saMjoyA hai / kavi ne svayaM likhA hai ki-kavi ke hRdaya meM bhale hI sundara artha vidyamAna rahe, parantu yogya zabdoM ke binA vaha racanA meM catura nahIM ho sktaa| jaise kuttA ko gahare pAnI meM bhI khar3A kara diyA jAya to bhI baha jaba pAnI pIyegA taba jobha se hI cAMTa-cAMTa kara piiyegaa| anya prakAra se use pInA nahIM AtA / yathA ahadi sthe'pikadina kazcinni pranthigIgamphavicakSaNaH syAt / jihaJcalasparzamapAsya pAtu zvA nAnyathAmbho ghanamapyarvati / / 14 sundara zabda se rahita zabdAvalI bhI vidvAnoM ke mana ko Anandita nahIM kara sktii| jisa prakAra thUvarase jharatI huI dugdha kI dhArA nayanAbhirAma hone para bhI manuSyoM ke liye rucikara nahIM hotii| hRdyArthavandhyA para bandhurApi vANobudhAnAM na mano dhinoti / / narone logana palAgi snuho, zaratkSIrasarinnaramyaH // 15 kavi kahatA hai ki zabda aura artha se paripUrNa vANI hI vAstava meM vANI hai, aura vaha bar3e puNya se kisI virale 'kavi ko hI prApta hotI hai / candramA ko chor3a kara anya kisI kI kiraNa andhakAra ko vinAzaka aura amRta jharAne vAlI nahIM hai / sUryako kiraNa kevala andhakAra kI nAzaka haiM, kintu bhISaNa prAtApa kI bhI kAraNa haiM / yadyapi maNi kiraNe prAtApajanaka nahIM haiM, kintu unameM sarvatra vyApta andhakAra ko dUra karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai / yaha ubhaya kSamatA vidhicandra kiraNa meM hI upalabdha hotI hai| yANI bhavetkasyacideva puNyaH shbdaarthsndrbhpishessgrbhaa| in vinA gyasya na vRzyate yatsamodhunAnA ca sudhAdhunIva // 16 mahAkavi haricandra ke isa mahAkAvya meM ve samasta lakSaNa pAye jAte haiM jina guNoM kI zAstrakAra kAvya meM sthiti Avazyaka batalAte haiN| isa carita grantha meM mahanIyatA ke sAtha camatkAroM kA varNana pUrNatayA samAviSTa huA hai| maMgala stavana ke pazcAt sajjana-durjana varNana, jambUdvIpa, sumeru parvata, bhAratavarSa, pAryAvarta, ratnapuranagara, rAjA, muni varNana, upadeza, zravaNa, dAmpatyasukha, putra prApti, bAlya jIvana, yuvarAja avasthA, vindhyAcala, SaT Rtu, puSpAvacaya, jala kIr3A, sandhyA, andhakAra, candrodaya, nAyikA prasAdhana, pAnagoSThI, ratikrIr3A, prabhAta, svayaMvara, vivAha, yuddha, aura vairAgya Adi kA vividha upamAnoM dvArA sarasa aura sAlaMkAra kathana diyA hai| kavi ne dharmanAtha tIrthakara ke caritra ko sAhityika dRSTi se mauravazAlI banAyA hai / kavi ne dharmanAtha kA jIvana-paricaya guNabhadrAcArya ke uttara purANa se liyA hai| kavi ne svayaM likhA hai ki jo rasarUpa aura dhvani ke mArga kA mukhya sArthavAha thA, aise mahAkavi ne vidvAnoM ke liye amRtarasake pravAha ke samAna yaha dharmazAbhyudaya nAmakA mahA kAvya banAyA hai: sakarNa popuSarasapravAhaM rasadhyaneradhvani sArthavAhaH / zrIdharmazarmAbhyukyA vidhAnaM mahAkaviH kAvyamidaM vyvs| -prazasti padya 7 dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM 21 sarga aura 1865 zloka haiM jinameM kavi ne 15veM tIrthakara dharmanAtha kA pAvana carita kAvya dRSTi se aMkita kiyA hai| kAvya meM likhA hai ki dharmanAtha mahAsena aura suvratA rAnI ke putra the| unakA 1. tiloya paNNasI meM dharmanAthatIrthakara ko bhAnu narendra aura sunatArAnI kA putra batalAyA hai : rapaNapure dhammajiyo bhArANarideNa suvadAe /

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nyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya janma mAgha zuklA trayodazI ke dina puSpa nakSatra meM huA thA / ve janma se hI tIna jJAna ke dhAraka the| ve bar3e bhAgyazAlI mora puNyAtmA the| eka hajAra ATha lakSaNoM ke dhAraka the| unake garbha meM Ane se pUrva hI janma samayataka kubera ne 15 mAsa taka ratnavaSTi kI, usame nagara jana-dhana se sampanna ho gayA thaa| usakI samaddhi aura zobhA dviguNita ho gaI thii| indrAdika devoM ne unakA janmotsava manAyA / bAlaka kA zarIra dina para dina vRddhi karatA humA yuvAvasthA ko prApta humA / unhoMne pAMca lAkha varSa taka sAMsArika sukhoM kA upabhoga kiyaa| eka dina ulkApAta ko dekha kara unheM deha-bhogoM se virakti ho gii| unhoMne saMsAra kI asAratA kA anubhava kiyA aura nizcaya kiyA ki yaha jIvana bijalI kI caMcala taraMgoM ke samAna asthira hai, vinAzIka hai| yaha zarIra carmarUpI cAdara ke dvArA DhakA hunA hone se sundara pratIta hotA hai| parantu yaha malamUtra se bharA hamA hai, durgandhita evaM apavitra hai| carvI majjA aura rudhira se pakila hai| yaha karmarUpI cANDAla ke rahane kA ghara hai, jisase dargandha nikalatI rahatI hai| aise paNita zarIra se kauna bRddhimAna saMga karegA? maiM tapazcaraNa dvArA karma rUpI samasta pApoM ko naSTa karane kA prayatna kruuNgaa| bhagavAna aisA cintavana kara hI rahe the ki laukAntika deva prAga ye / aura unhoMne bhagavAna ke vairAgya ko puSTa kiyA, aura kahA ki jo Apane vicAra kiyA hai vaha zreSTha hai / unhoMne patra ko rAjya bhAra dekara indroM dvArA uThAI gaI zivikA meM prArUda ho sAlavana kI ora prasthAna kiyA, aura vahA~ belA kA niyama lekara paMca mudriyoM se kezoM kA loca kara ddaalaa| aura mAgha zuklA trayodazI ko puSpa nakSatra meM eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha vastrAbhUSaNoM kA parityAga kara digambara mudrA dhAraNa kii| bhagavAna dharmanAtha ne pATaliputra ke rAjA dhanyasena ke ghara hastapAtra meM kSIrAnta kI pAraNA ko taba devoM ne paMcAzcarya kI vRSTi kii| aura phira dhana meM nAsAgra dRSTi ho kAyotsarga meM sthita ho ge| unhoMne kaThora tapazcaraNa dvArA teraha prakAra ke cAritra kA anuSThAna kiyA aura mana-vacana kAyarUpa guptiyoM kA pAlana karate hue unhoMne samitirUpI argalAoM se apane ko saMrakSita kiyaa| unakI dRSTi nindA prazaMsA meM, zatru-mitra meM aura taNa kAJcana meM samAna thii| unhoMne bar3I kaThinAI se pakane yogya karmarUpI latAoM ke phaloM ko antarvAhya rUpa tapazcaraNoM kI jvAlA se pakAyA aura ve prazaMsanIya tapasvI ho gae / ve vyAmoha rahita the, nirmada niSparigraha, nirbhaya aura nirmama the| isa taraha ve chadyasya avasthA meM eka varSa taka ghora tapa kA AcaraNa karate hue dIkSA vana meM pahu~ce, aura saptaparNa vRkSa ke nIce sthita ho zukla dhyAna kA avalambanakara sthita hue| unhoMne mAgha mAsa kI pUrNimA ke dina dhAti karma kA nAza kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyaa| indrAdika devoMne prAkara unake kebala' jJAna kalyANaka kI pUjA kI / bhagavAna dharmanAtha ne divya dhvani dvArA jagata kA kalyANa karane vAlA upadeza diyaa| aura vividha dezoM, nagaroM meM vihAra kara loka kalyANa kArI dharma kA prasAra kiyA-janatA ko sanmArga meM lagAyA / anta meM saMgha sahita sammedAcala para pahuMce, vahAM caitra zuklA caturthI ko 806 muniyoM ke sAtha sAr3he bAraha lAkha varSa pramANa prAyu kA aura avaziSTa adhAti kamoM kA vinAzakara siddha pada ko prApta kiyA / yathA tatrAsAdya sitAMzubhogasubhagAM catre caturthI tithi, yAmityAM sa navosara bamavatA sArpha teraSTabhiH / sAdhaM dvAdazabarSalakSaparamA ramyAyuSaH prakSaye, dhyAnadhvasta samastakarma nigalo jAtastavAnI kSaNAt / / 184 isa taraha yaha kAvya grantha apanI sAnI nahIM rakhatA, bar3A hI mahatvapUrNa manohara aura hRdayAgrahI kAvya hai| 1 pAlevAgI pupya maMtrI prayAte mAne zuklA yA tryodshynindyaa| dharmastasyAmAttadokSo'parAha jAtaH kSoNIbhatsahastreNa sAdham / / 31 -dhazarmAbhyudaya 20-31 2 chadyasyo'sau varSa meka vihRtya prApto dIkSAkAnanaM jhAlaragyam / devo mUle saptaparNa vamasya jyAna zuklaM samyagAlamba tasthau / / 56 mAghe mAse pUrNamAsyAM sa puSye kRta dhamoM dyAli karmavyapAyam / utpAdAnadhaudhavastusvabhAvobhAsijJAna kevala sa prapede / / 57

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320 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 racanAkAla mahAkavi haricandra ne dharmazarmAbhyudAya meM usakA racanAkAla nahIM diyaa| isase usake racanAkAla ke nizcita karane meM bar3I kaThinAI ho rahI hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya ko sabase purAtana pratilipi saM0 1287 san 1230 I.) kI saMdhavI pAr3A pustaka bhaNDAra pATaNa meM upalabdha hai / usa prati ke anta meM likhA hai ki-"1287 varSe haricandra kabi viracita dharmazarmAbhyudayakAnya pustikAdhIratnAkarasUriAdezenakoticaMdragaNinA likhita miti bhadram / / " isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki dharmazarmAbhyudaya san 1230 ke pUrva kI racanA hai, usake bAda kI nhiiN| paM. kailAzacandra jI zAstrI ne anekAnta varSa 8 kiraNa 10-11 meM vIranandI prAcArya ke candraprabha carita ke sAtha dharmazarmAbhyudaya kI tulanA dvArA donoM kI pratyadhika mAtA kAlAI mI, para meM sAhityika RNa nahIM hai / kintu haricandra ke sAmane candraprabha jarUra rahA hai| candraprabha carita kI racanA saM0 1016 ke lagabhaga huI hai| kyoMki vIranandI abhayanandI ke ziSya the| praura gommaTasAra ke kartA nemicandra si0 cakravartI bhI abhayanandI ke ziSya the| kintu vIranandI aura indranandI nemicandra ke jyeSTha guru bhAI the| cAmuNDarAya usa samaya vidyamAna the aura gomTasAra kI racanA unake praznAnusAra haI thii| cAmuNDarAya ne apanA purANa zaka saM0 800(vi.saM01035) meM banAkara samApta kiyA thaa| ataH prastuta dharmazarmAbhyudaya 11vIM zatAbdo kI racanA hai| vahAM yaha bhI vicarANIya hai ki neminirvANa kAvya aura dharmazarmAbhyudaya donoM meM eka dUsare kA prabhAva parilakSita hai| aura neminirvANa kAvya ke aneka padyakavi vAgbhaTa ne vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra meM uddhata kiye haiN| vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra kA racanA kAla vi0 sa0 1155 se 1167 ke madhya kA hai| ataH neminirvANa kAvya kI racanA bArabhaTTAlaMkAra se pUrvavartI hai / arthAt vaha vikrama vI 11 zatAbdI ke madhyakAla ko racanA hai / kavi kI dUsarI kRti jIbaMgharacampu hai / yaha gadya-padyamaya campU kAvya hai isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna hone vAle rAjA jIvaMdhara kA pAvana carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai / jIvaMdhara campU ke isa kathAnaka kA AdhAra vAdIbha siMha kI kSatracUr3AmaNi aura gadyacittAmaNi hai| yaha campU kAvya sarasa aura sundara hai| racanA prauddha aura sAlaMkAra hai| kSatra cUr3AmaNi ke samAna hI isameM 11 lamba hai| kavi grantha racanA meM atyanta kuzala hai usakI komala kAnta padAvalI rasa aura alaMkAra kI puTane use atyanta ArkaSaka banA diyA hai| isameM kavi kI naisargika pratimA kA alaukika catmakAra dRSTigata hone lagatA hai| racanA sauSThava to dekhate hI banatA hai| isakI racanA kaba huI isakA nizcaya karanA sahaja nahIM hai / grantha mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha grantha paM0 pannAlAla jI sAhityAcArya kI saMskRta aura hindI TIkA ke sAtha bhAratIyajJAna pITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai| brahmadeva brahmadeva ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA, aura na apanI TIkAyoM meM apanI gUru paramparA kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| isase unakI jIvana-ghaTanAoM kA paricaya denA zakya nahIM hai / brahmadeva ko do TIkAeM upalabdha haiM / vRha dravya saMgraha TIkA aura paramAtma prakAza dIkA / vRhadravya saMgraha vRtti kA utthAnikA vAkya isa prakAra hai "praya mAlavadeze dhArA nAma nagarAdhipati rAjAbhojadevAbhidhAnakalikAlacakravartI sambandhina; zrIpAla mahAmaNDalezvaraya sambandhinyAzramanAmanagare zrI munivrata tIrthakara caityAlaye zuddhAtma dravya savitti samutpanna sukhAmatarasAsvAdaviparItanArakAdi duHkha bhayabhItasya paramAtmabhAvanotpanna sukhasudhArasa piyAsitasya bhedAbheda ratnatraya bhAvanA priyasya bhavyarapaNDarIkasya bhANDAgArAdhanekaniyogadhikArisomAbhidhAna rAjadheSThino nimitta zrI nemicandra siddhAnta devaH pUrva pavizati gAthA bhilagha dhyasaMgrahaM kRtvA pazcAvizeSatatvaparijJAnArtha virabisasya vravya saMgrahasyAdhikAra zuddhi pUrvakatvena vyAkhyAvRttiH praarmyte|" utthAnikA kI ina paMktiyoM meM batalAyA gayA hai ki dravya saMgraha grantha pahale 26 gAthA ke laghurUpa meM nemicandra siddhAnta deva ke dvArA 'soma' nAmaka rAjadheSThi ke nimitta prAzrama nAmaka nagara ke muni suvata caityAlaya meM racA

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya gayA thaa| pazcAt vizeSa tatva ke parijJAnArtha unhIM neminadra ke dvArA dravya saMgraha kI racanA huI hai| usakI adhikAroM ke vibhAjana pUrvaka yaha vyAkhyA yA vRtti prArambha kI jAtI hai| sAtha meM yaha bhI sUcita kiyA hai ki usa samaya Azrama nAmakA yaha nagara zrIpAla mahAmaNDalezvara (prAntIya zAsaka) ke adhikAra meM thaa| aura soma nAma kA rAjazreSTho bhANDAgAra (koSa) Adi aneka niyogoM kA adhikArI hone ke sAtha-sAtha tattvajJAna rUpa sudhArasa kA pipAsu thaa| vRttikAra ne use 'bhavyavarapuNDarIka' vizeSaNa se ullekhita kiyA hai, jisase vaha usa samaya ke bhavya puruSoM meM zreSTha thaa| brahmadeva Azrama nAma ke nagara meM nivAsa karate the| jise vartamAna meM kezorAya pATana ke nAma se pukArate haiN| yaha sthAna mAlaba deza meM cambala nadI ke kinAre koTA se mIla dUra aura baMdI se tIna mola dura avasthita hai| jo assAramma paTTaNa 'pAzrama pattana, pattana, puTa bhedana, kezorAya pATana aura pATana nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha sthAna paramAravaMzI rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla meM rahA hai| carmaNabatI (cambala) nadI koTA aura baMdI ko sImA kA vibhAjana karatI hai| isa cambala nadI ke kinAre bane hue munisuvratanAtha ke caityAlaya meM jo, usa samaya eka tIrtha sthAna ke rUpa meM prasiddha thaa| aura vahAM aneka dezoM ke yAtrIgaNa dharmalAbhArtha paha~cate the / somarAjazreSThI bhI vahAM pAkara tatvacarcA kA rasa letA thaa| vaha sthAna usa samaya paTana-pAThana aura tatvacarcA kA kendra banA huaA thaa| usa caityAlaya meM bIsaveM tIrthakara muni subatanAtha kI zyAmavarNa ko mAnana ke Adamakada se kucha U~nI sAtizaya mUrti virAjamAna hai / yaha mandira grAja bhI usI avasthA meM maujUda hai| isameM zyAmavarNa kI do matiyA~ aura bhI virAjamAna haiN| sarakArI riporTa meM ise 'bhaIdevarA ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna mani madanakIti ne apanI zAsana castrizatikA ke 28veM padma meM Azrama nagara kI munisuvrata-sambandhi aitihAsika ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai pUrva yA''zramamAjagAma saritA nAthAstudivyA zilA / tasyAM devAgaNAna dvijasya dadhatastasyo jinezaH svayaM / kopAt viprajanAvarodhamakarai vaivaH prapUjyAmbare / vana yo munisuvataH sa jayatAt vignAsaMsAM zAsanam // 28 // isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki jo divya zilA saritA se pahale prAthama ko prApta haI / usa para devagaNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle vinoM ke dvArA krodha vaza avarodha hone para bhI munisuvrata jina svayaM usa para sthita hue -vahAM me phira nahIM htte| aura devoM dvArA AkAza meM pUjita hae ve mUnisUyata jina ! digambaroM ke zAsana kI jaya kreN| Azrama nagara kI yaha aitihAsika ghaTanA usake tIrtha bhUmi hone kA spaSTa pramANa hai| isase nirvANa kANDa kI gAthA meM usakA ullekha huA hai| yaha ghaTanA 13voM zatAbdI se bahuta pUrva ghaTita huI hai / aura brahmadeva jaise TIkAkAra, somarAja zreSThI aura muni nemicandra jaise saiddhAntika bidvAna vahA~ tattvaca goSThI meM zAmila rahe haiN| dravya saMgraha ko vRtti meM brahmadeva ne 'atrAha-somAbhidhAna rAjazreSThI' jaise vAkyoM dvArA TIkAgata praznottaroM kA sambandha vyakta kiyA hai| kyoMki nAmollekhapUrvaka praznottara binA samakSatA ke nahIM ho sakate / muna sunAkara aisA praznottara likhane kA rivAja mere avalokana meM nahIM aayaa| brahmadeva kA ukta ghaTanA nirdeza aura lekhana zailI ghaTanA kI sAkSI ko prakaTa karatI hai| aura ukta tInoM vyaktiyoM ko sAnidhyatA kA spaSTa udghoSa karatI hai / vattikAra brahmadeva ne usI pAzrama pattana ke munisuvrata caityAlaya meM adhyAtmarasa gabhita dravya saMgraha ko mahatvapUrNa vyAkhyA kI hai / brahmadeva adhyAtmarasa ke jJAtA the| aura prAkRta saMskRta tathA apabhraMza bhASA ke vidvAna the| soma nAma ke rAjazreSThI, jisake liye mUla grantha aura vRtti likhI gaI, adhyAtmarasa kA rasika thaa| kyoMki vaha zuddhAtmadravya kI saMvitti se utpanna hone vAle sukhAmRta ke svAda se viparIta nArakAdi du:khoM se bhayabhIta, tathA paramAtmA kI bhAvanA se utpanna hone vAle sudhArasa kA pipAsu thA, aura bhedAbhedarUpa ratnatraya (vyavahAra tathA 1. assArambhe paTTaNi muripakvajiNaM ca vadAmi / nirvANa kANDa, muriNasucca ujiNU taha Asarammi / nirvANa bhakti

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322 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 nizcaya ratnatraya) kI bhAvanA kA premI thaa| ye tInoM hI viveko jana samakAlIna aura usa prAthama sthAna meM baiThakara tattvacarcA meM rasa lene vAle the| uparokta ghaTanAkrama dhArAdhipati rAjA bhoja ke rAjyakAla meM ghaTita huprA hai| bhojadeva kA rAjyakAla saM0 1070 se 1110 taka rahA hai| dravyasaMgraha aura usakI vRtti usake rAjyakAla meM racI gaI hai| mUla dravya saMgraha 58 gAthAtmaka hai| usameM jIva ajova, dharma, adharma prAkAza aura kAla ina cha: dravyoM kA samUha nirdiSTa hai| isa kRti kA nirmANa prAcArya kundakunda ke paMcAstikAya prAbhUta se anuprANita hai usI kA dohana rUpa sAra usameM saMkSipta rUpa meM aMkita hai| vattikAra ne mala grantha ke bhAvoM kA udaghATana karate hae jo vizeSa kathana diyA hai aura use granthAntaroM ke pramANoM ke uddharaNoM se dvArA puSTa kiyA hai / TIkA meM adhyAtma ko joradAra puTa aMkita hai| usase TIkA kevala paThanIya hI nahIM kintu mananIya bhI ho gaI hai / aura svAdhyAya premiyoM ke liye atyanta upayogI hai| vatti meM somarAja zreSThI ke do praznoM kA uttara nAmollekha ke sAtha diyA gayA hai| yadi TIkAkAra ke samakSa somarAja zreSThI na hote to unakA nAma liye binA ho praznoM kA uttara diyA jaataa| caM ki ve usa samaya vidyamAna the, isI se unakA nAma lekara zaMkA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke liye usakA eka namUnA nIce diyA jAtA hai : somarAja zreSThI prazna karatA hai ki he bhagavan ! kevalajJAna ke ananta ve bhAga pramANa prAkAza dravya hai aura usa AkAza ke anantaveM bhAga meM sabake bIca meM loka hai, vaha loka kAla kI dRSTi se prAdi anta rahita hai, vaha kisI kA banAyA hayA nahIM hai| aura na kabhI kisI ne naSTa kiyA hai, kisI ne use na dhAraNa kiyA hai, aura na koI usakA rakSaka hI hai| loka asaMkhyAta pradezI hai| usa asaMkhyAta pradezo loka meM ananta jIva aura unase anantaguNe pudgala paramANu, lokAkAza pramANa kAlANa, dharma tathA adharma dravya kaise rahate haiM ? isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue brahma deva ne kahA hai ki jisa taraha eka dopaka ke prakAza meM aneka dIpakoM kA prakAza samA jAtA hai, athavA eka gUDha rasa bhare hue zIze ke vartana meM bahuta sA suvarNa samA jAtA hai / athavA bhasma se bhare hue ghaTa meM suI aura UMTanI kA dUdha samA jAtA hai| usI taraha viziSTa avagAhana zakti ke kAraNa asaMkhyAta pradeza bAle loka meM jIva pUdagalAdika samA jAte haiN| isameM koI virodha nahIM paataa| yaha praznottara unake sAkSAtkAritva kA saMsUcaka hai hii|| brahmadeva kI vRtti ke kAraNa dravya saMgraha kI mahattA bar3ha gaI, unhoMne usakI vizada vyAkhyA dvArA cAra cAMda lagA diye| prataH dravyasaMgraha kI yaha TIkA mahatva pUrNa hai| paramAtma prakAza TIkA-paramAtma prakAza kI brahmadeva kI yaha TIkA jahAM dohoM kA sAmAnya artha prakaTa karatI hai, vahAM vaha dohoM kA kevala artha hI prakaTa nahIM karatI balki unake anta: rahasya kA bhI udbhAvana karatI hai| brahmadeva ne yogIndradeva kI adhyAtmika kRti kA nizcaya kI dRSTi se kathana kiyA hai| kintu paramAtma prakAza kI yaha TIkA dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA ke samAna kaThina nahIM hai| TIkAkAra sarala zabdoM meM usakA rocaka varNana karate haiM, aura use gnanthAntaroM ke udAharaNoM se puSTa bhI karate hai| yaha saca hai ki yadi paramAtma prakAza para brahmadeva kI yaha vRtti na hotI to vaha itanA prasiddha nahIM ho sakatA thaa| brahmadeva kI yaha TIkA usako vizeSa khyAti kA kAraNa hai / TIkA ke anta meM TIkAkAra ne likhA hai ki isa TIkA kA adhyayana kara bhavya jIvoM ko vicAra karanA cAhiye ki maiM zuddha jJAnAnanda svabhAva nirvikalpa hUM, udAsIna hUM, nijAnanda niraMjana zuddhAtma samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritra rUpa nizcaya ratnatrayamayI nirvikalpa samAdhi se utpanna vItarAga sahajAnandarUpa AtmAnubhUti mAtra svasaM vedana jJAna se gamya / anya upAyoM se nhiiN| aura nirvikalpa niraMjana jJAna dvArA ho mero prApti hai, rAga, dveSa, moha krodha mAna, mAyA, lobha, paMcendriyoM ke viSaya, dravya karma, no karma, bhAva karma, khyAti lAbha pUjA, dekhe sune aura anubhava kiye bhogoM kI vAMchA rUpa nidAnAdi zalyatraya ke prapaMcoMse rahita hUM tIna loka tIna kAla meM mana vacana kAya, kRta, kArita anumodanAkara zuddha nizcaya se maiM aisA mAtmArAma huuN| yaha bhAvanA mumukSu jIvoM ke liye bahuta upayogI hai| isakA nirantara manana karanA Avazyaka hai|

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavI zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya racanAkAla brahmadeva ne apanI TIkAoM meM unakA racanA kAla nahIM diyA, aura na apanI guruparamparA kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| isase TIkAyoM ke racanA kAla ke nirNaya karane meM kaThinAI ho rahI hai|| dravyasaMgraha kI sabase purAtana pratilipi saM0 1416 kI likhI haI jayapura ke TholiyoM ke mandira ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai, jo yoginIpura dillI meM phIrojazAha tugalaka ke rAjya kAla meM agnavAla vaMzI bharapAla ne likha. bAI thii| isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki ukta TIkA saM0 1416 se bAda ko nahIM haiM kintu pUrvavartI hai| kyoMki isakA nirmANa dhArA nagarI ke rAjA bhoja ke rAjyakAla meM huA hai| rAjA bhoja kA rAjya kAla saM0 1070 se 111. taka rahA hai| saM0 1076 aura 1076 ke usake do dAna patra bhI mile haiN| isase dravya saMgraha kI TIkA vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI ke u.. aura 1: pIke bhAA meM ranI gaI hai| hI niSkarSa TIkA meM uddhata granthAntaroM ke avanaraNoM se bhI spaSTa hotA hai| donoM TIkAoM meM amRtacandra, rAmasiMha amitagati prathama cAmuNDarAya, DaDDhA aura prabhAcandra grAdi ke graMthoM ke avataraNa milate haiM, jo vikrama kI 10 vIM aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn hai| isase bhI brahmadeva kI TIkAmoM kA vahIM samaya nizcita hotA hai, jisakA ullekha Upara kiyA gayA hai| ataH brahmadeva kA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI kA upAntya aura 12 voM kA prArambhika bhAga hai| tribhuvanacandra mUlasaMgha nandisaMgha balAtkAra gaNa ke vidvAn the guru paramparA meM vardhamAna, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi, guNakIti, bimalacandra, guNacandra, abhaya nandi, sakalacandra, gaNDavimukta aura tribhuvanacandra ke nAma diye haiN| dhAravAr3a jile ke aNigere aura gAvaravADa nAmoM se prApta do vistRta zilAlekha mile haiN| inameM kalyANI ke cAlukya rAjA somezvara (dvitIya) ke samaya meM san 0 1070-71 meM mUlasaMgha mandisaMgha balAtkAra gaNa ke prAcArya tribhuvanacandra ko dAna diye jAne kA varNana hai| yaha dAna gaMga rAjA bUtuga (dvitIya) dvArA aNNigere meM nirmita gaMgapemADi jinAlaya ke liye diyA gayA thaa| cola rAjAnoM ke AkramaNa se prApta kSati ko dUra kara rAjA somezvara ne punaH yaha dAna diyA thaa| ataeva tribhuvana candra kA samaya IsA kI 11 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai| epigrAphiyA iMDikA bhA0 15 pR0 337 rAmasena prastata rAmasena mUlasaMgha, senagaNa aura pogarigaccha ke vidvAn guNabhadra atIndra ke ziSya the| inheM pratikaNTha siMgayyane apane zAsaka varmadeva ko prArthanA patra dekara tribhuvana malla deva se cAlukya vikrama varSa 2 san 1037 I. meM cAlukya gaMga peniDi jinAlaya kI, jina pUjA abhiSeka aura RSi pAhAradAnAdi ke liye gAMva kA dAna diyA gayA thaa| ata: ina rAmasena kA samaya IsA kI 11 dIM zatAbdI hai| dayApAla muni munibayApAla 2 draviDa saMghastha nandi saMgha aruGgalAnvaya ke vidvAna the| inake gurUkA nAma matisAgara thaa| saMvata 1416 vA bhAdavAsudI 13 guro dine zrImadyoginI pure sakala rAjya ziromukuTa mANikya marIcikRta caraNa kamala pAdapIThaspa dhImat perojasAhe sakalasAmrAjyadhurAvibhrANasya samaye vartamAne zrI kundakumdAcAryAndhaye mUlasaMgha sarasvatI gacce balAtkAra garaNe bhaTTAraka ranakoti taruNa taruriNatyamurvIkurvANaM zrI prabhAcandrANAM tasya ziSya brahmanAtha paThanAthaM pramotkAnvaye gohita gotre bharathala vAstavya parama zrAvaka sAghu sAu bhAra vIro tamo putra sAdhu Ughasa bhAryA bAlahI tasya putra kulaghara bhAryA pANagharahe tasya putra bharahapAla bhAryA loghAhI zrI bharahapAla lisApitaM karmakSayArtha / kanakadeva paMDita likhatam zubhaM bhavatu / 2. hita SiNAM yasya nRNAmudAttavAcA nibddhaahit-ruupsiddhiH| baMdyo dayApAla muniH savAcA siddhassatAmUrdani ya: prabhASaH / -zravaNabelagola 54 bo zilA lekha

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324 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 yaha kanakasenake ziSya aura vAdirAja ke sudharmA gurubhAI the| inakI rUpa siddhi nAmakI eka choTI-sI racanA hai|" cUMki vAdirAja ne pArzvanAtha caritra kI racanA zaka saM0 247 (vi0 saM0 1080) meM kI hai| ataH yahI samaya dayApAla muni kA hai / yaha racanA prakAzita ho cukI hai| jayasena prastuta jayasena lAi bAgaDasaMgha ke vidvAna the| yaha guNI, dharmAtmA zamI bhAvasenasUri ke ziSya the| jo samasta janatA ke liye zrAnanda janaka the| jaisA ki unake sakala janAnanda janakaH' vAkya se prakaTa hai| isI lADa bAgaDa saMgha ke vidvAna narendrasena ne siddhAntasAra kI prazasti meM bhAvasena ke ziSya jayasena ko taparUpI lakSmI ke dvArA pApasamUha kA nAzaka, sattarka vidyArNava ke pAradazoM aura dayAlunoM ke vizvAsa pAtra batalAyA hai, jaisA ki siddhAntasAra prazasti ke nimna padya se spaSTa hai : ravyAtastataH zrIjayasenanAmA jAtastapaH yaH satarka vidyArNavapAravRzvA vizvAsagehaM zrIkSataduHkRtaughaH / karuNaraspavAnAM || inhoM ne dharmaratnAkara nAma ke kI racanA kI hai jo eka saMgraha grantha hai| isa grantha kA pratipAdya viSaya gRhastha dharma hai, jo pratyeka gRhasya dvArA zrAcaraNa karane yogya haiM / grantha meM gRhasthoM ke praNuvrata, guNavrata aura zikSAvrata rUpa dvAdazavratoM ke anuSThAnakA vistRta vivecana diyA huA hai / grantha meM bIsa prakaraNa yA adhyAya haiN| jinameM vivecita vastu ko dekhane aura manana karane se use dharma kA sad ratnA kara athavA dharmaratnA kara kahane meM koI atyukti mAlUma nahIM hotI / vaha usakA sArthaka nAma jAna par3atA hai / grantha meM kavi ne amRtacandrAcArya ke puruSArtha siddhayupAya, guNabhadrAcArya ke zrAtmAnuzAsana aura yazastilaka campU Adi granthoM ke padyoM ko saMkalita kiyA hai| isase yaha eka saMgraha grantha mAlUma hotA hai / jise grantha kArane apane aura dUsare granthoM ke padya vAkya rUpa kusumoM kA saMgraha karake mAlA kI taraha racA hai / granthakartA ne svayaM isa kI sUcanA grantha ke antima padya 60 meM " ityetairupanIta vicitra racanaM: svairanyavIyaM rapi / bhUtodya guNastathApi racitA mAleya seyaM kRtiH" / vAkya dvArA kI hai| jayasena ne apanI guruparamparA kA nimna rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| dharmasena, zAntiSeNa, gopasena, bhAvasena aura jayasena | ye saba muni ukta lADavAgaDa saMgha ke the| jayasena ne dharmaratnAkara kI racanA kA ullekha nimna prakAra kiyA hai : vANendriya vyomasoma - mite saMvatsare zubhe / grantho'yaM siddhatAM yAta sakalI karahATake | isase prastuta jayasena kA samaya vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI kA madhya kAla hai / yaha mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha kundakundAnvaya ke vidvAna indranandi ke ziSya maisUra) ke 11 vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha ke zilAlekha meM inake dvArA eka jainamandira banavAne kucha bhUmi dAna dene kA ullekha hai inakA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM sadI kA uttarArdha hai / ****** kanakasena bhaTTAraka va raziSyara zabdAnuzAsanako prakriyenendu rUpasiddhiyaM mADida dayApAladevakhaM puSpaveraNa siddhAntadevam zabdAnuzAsanasyoccairarUpa siddhimmahAtmanA / kRtA yena sa bAmati dayApAlo munIzvaraH / - jainale khasaM0 bhA0 250 265 -- jaina lekhasaM0 bhA0 2 0 308 bAhubali zrAvArya the / hana gunda ( bIjApura aura usamaMdira ke liye

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bArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, prAcArya 325 mAdhavacandra vidya prastuta mAdhavacandra nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ke pradhAna ziSya the / prAkRta saMskRta bhASA ke sAtha siddhAnta vyAkaraNa aura nyAya zAstra ke vidvAna the| isI se vidya kahalAte the| inhoMne apane guru nemicandra kI sammati se trilokasAra meM kucha gAthAeM yatra-tatra niviSTa kI haiM jaisA ki unako nimna gAthA se spaSTa hai : guruNemicandasammada kavivayagAhA tahi tahi raiyA / / mAhavacandati vijjeNiya maNusadaNijja majjehi / / trilokasAra kI gAthA saMkhyA 1018 hai / mAdhavacandra vidya ne usa para saMskRta TIkA likhI hai| yaha grantha saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha mANika candra granthamAlA se prakAzita ho cukA hai, parantu bahuta dinoM se aprApya hai| TIkAkAra ne likhA hai ki gommaTasAra kI taraha isa grantha kA nirmANa bhI pradhAnataH cAmuNDarAya ko lakSya karake unake prabodhArtha racA hai| aura isa bAta ko mAdhavacandra jI ne apanI TIkA ke prArambha meM vyakta kiyA hai| 'zrImada pratihatA pratima ni:pratipakSaniSkaraNa bhagabannemicandra saiddhAntadevazcaturanUyogacaturudadhipAragaracAmuNDarAya prativodhanavyAna azeSavineyajanapratibodhanArtha milosAranAmAnaM granbhamAracagana" bAkpA dvArA saSTa kiyA hai| TIkAkAra ne TIkA kA racanA samaya nahIM diyaa| phira bhI cAmuNDarAya ke samaya ke kAraNa inavA samaya san 178 vi0 saM0 1035 nizcita hai| isa trilokasAra grantha kI paM0 ToDaramala jI ne saM 1818 meM hindI TIkA banAI haiM jisameM unhoMne gaNita kI saMdRSTiyoM kA bhI acchA paricaya diyA hai, jisakA unhoMne bAda meM saMzodhana bhI kiyA hai| mAdhava candra vidya cAmuNDarAya ke samakAlIna hai / ataH inakA samaya vikrama kI 11 bauM zatAbdI kA madhya bhAga hai| pagranandI prastuta padmanandi vIranandI ke ziSya the| jo mUlasaMgha dezIya gaNa ke vidvAna the| pamanando ne apane guru kA nAma 'dAna paJcAzata ke nimna padya meM vyakta kiyA hai, aura batalAyA hai ki ratnatrayarUpa AbharaNa se vibhUSita zrI bIranandI munirAja ke ubhaya caraNa kamaloM ke smaraNa se utpanna hae prabhAva ko dhAraNa karane vAle zrI padmanandI mani ne lalita vargoM ke samUha se saMyukta bAvana padyoM kA yaha dAna prakaraNa racA hai : ratnatrayAbharaNavIramunIndrapAda pndvysmrnnsNjnitprbhaavH| zrI pandhanandimunirAzritayugmadAna paJcAzataM lalitavarNa cayaM cakAra / grantha kartA ne aura bhI do prakaraNoM meM vIranandI kA smaraNa kiyA hai| yaha vIranandI ke jJAta hote haiN| jo medhacandra vidya ke ziSya the| meSacandra vidyadeva ke do ziSya the, prabhAcandra aura viirnndii| unameM prabhAcandra Agama ke acche jJAtA the aura vIranando saiddhAntika vijJAna the / vIranandI ne prAcAra sAra aura usakI anar3I TIkA zaka saM01076 (vi0 saM0 1241) meM banAI thii| inake guru meSacandra vidya kA svargavAsa gaka saM0 1037 (vi0 saM0 1172) hunA thA / ataeva ina vIranando kA samaya saM0 1112 se 1212 taka hai| saM0 1211 ke bAda hI unakA svargavAsa huprA hogaa| samaya padmanandi ne apanI racanAoM meM samaya kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, isase racanAkAla ke nizcita karane meM bar3I kaThinAI upasthita hotI hai| padmanandi paMca vizati prakaraNoM para prAcArya amatacandra, somadeva aura amitagati ke graMthoM kA prabhAva aura anuzaraNa parilakSita hotA hai| isase padyanandi bAda ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| inameM amita gati dvitIya vikramakI 11vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiM unakA samaya saM0 1050 se 1073 kA nizcita hai| prastuta pAnandi inase bahuta vAda meM hue haiN| yahAM para yaha bhI jJAtavya haiM ki pamanandi ke caturtha prakaraNagata ekatva saptati para eka kannar3a TIkA upalabdha hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 jisake kartA pamanandi vratI haiM, unhoMne apane guru kA nAma rAddhAnta zubhacandra deva batalAyA hai, ve unake agraziSya the / unhoMne yaha TIkA nimbarAja ke prabodhanArtha banAI thI, jo zilAhAra nareza gaNDarAditya ke sAmanta the 1 nimbarAja ne kolhApura meM zaka saM0 1058 (vi0 saM0 1163) meM rUpa nArAyaNa vasadi (mandira) kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura usake lie kolhApura tathA miraja ke pAsa-pAsa ke grAmo kA dAna bhI diyA thaa| ekatva saptati kI yaha TIkA saM0 1163 ke lagabhaga kI racanA hai, isase spaSTa hai ki ekatva saptati usase pUrva bana cukI thii| arthAt ekatva saptati maM0 1980-85 kI racanA hai| ukta padmanandi ko nimna racanAeM upalabdha haiM, jinakA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra hai| yahAM yaha bAta bhI sunizcita hai ki padmanandi ke ye sabhI prakaraNa eka sAtha nahIM bane, minna-bhinna samayoM meM unakA nirmANa humrA hai isI duSTi ko lakSya meM rakhakara racanA kAla meM bhI parivartana anivArya hai| racanAoM kA nAma 1dharmopadezAmRta, 2 dAnopadezana, 3 anitya paJcAzat, 4 ekatva saptati, 5 yamibhAvanASTaka, 6 upAsaka saMskAra, 7 dezapratodyotana, 8 siddhastuti, 6 pAlocanA, 10 sadvodha candrodaya, 11 nizcaya paJcAzata, 12 brahmacarya rakSA varti, 13 RSabha strotra, 14 jina darzana stavana, 15 zruta devatA stuti, 16 svayaMbhU stuti, 17 suprabhAtASTaka 18 zAnti nAtha stotra, 16 jina pUjASTaka, 20 karuNASTaka, 21 kriyAkANDacUlikA, 22 ekatva bhAvanA dazaka, 23 paramArtha vizati, 24 zarIrASTaka, 25 snAnASTaka, 26 brahmacaryASTaka / dharmopadezAmata--yaha adhikAra sabase bar3A hai, isameM 168 zloka haiN| pahale dharmopadeza ke adhikArI kA svarUpa nidiSTa karate hae, dharma kA svarUpa vyavahAra aura nizcaya dRSTi se batalAya hai| vyavahAra ke prAzraya se jIvadayA ko-prazaraNa ko zaraNa dene aura usake duHkha meM svayaM duHkha kA anubhava karane ko-dharma kahA hai| vaha do prakAra kA hai gRhastha dharma aura muni dharma / samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak caritra kI apekSA tIna bheda, aura uttama kSamAdi kI apekSA daza bheda batalAye hai| isa vyavahAra dharma ko zubha upayoga batalAyA hai, yaha jIva ko naraka tiryacAdi durgatiyoM se bacAkara manuSya aura devagati ke sukha prApta karAtA hai| isa dRSTi se yaha upAdeya hai| kintu sarvathA upAdeya to vaha dharma hai jo jIva ko caturgati ke duHkhoM se char3A kara avinAzI sUkha kA pAtra banA detA hai| isa dharma ko zuddhopayoga yA nizcaya dharma kahate haiN| gahi dharma meM zrAvaka ke darzana, vrata pratimA prAdi gyAraha bhedoM kA kathana kiyA hai| inake pUrva meM juAdi sAta vyasanoM kA parityAga anivArya batalAyA hai, kyoMki unake binA tyAge vrata Adi pratiSThita nahIM raha skte| kyoMki vyasana jIvoM ko kalyANamArga se haTAkara akalyANa meM pravRtti karAte haiN| una dyUtAdi vyasanoM ke kAraNa yudhiSThira Adi ko kaSTa bhoganA par3A hai / gRhi dharma meM hiMsAdi paMca pApoM kA eka deza tyAga kiyA jAtA hai| isI se gRhi dharma ko deza cAritra aura muni dharma ko sakala cAritra kahA jAtA hai| sakala cAritra ke dhAraka muni ratnatraya meM niSTha hokara mUla guNa, uttara guNa, paMca prAcAra aura daza dharmoM kA pAlana karate haiN| muniyoM ke mUla guNa 2- hote haiM-pAMca mahAvrata, pAMca samiti, pAMco indriyoM kA nirodha, samatA, Adi chaha Avazyaka loca, vastra kA parityAga, snAna kA tyAga bhU zayana, dantagharSaNa kA tyAga, sthiti bhojana, aura eka bhakta bhojana / sAghu svarUpa ke atirikta AcArya aura upAdhyAya kA svarUpa bhI nirdiSTa kiyA hai| mAnava paryAya kA milanA durlabha hai, ata: isase prAtmahita ke kAryoM meM saMlagna rahanA caahie| kyoMki mRtyu kA kAla aniyata hai-vaha 1. zrI pacanandi vrati nimiteyam ekatva saptatyakhilArtha puutiH| ___ vRttizcira limbanUpa prabodha labdhAtmavRtti jayA jagatyAm / / svasti zrI zubhacandraddhiAntadevAgrazidhyeNa kanakanandipaNDita vAzmivikasitahatkumudAnanda zrImad amRta candra candrikommIlita netrotsalAva nokitAzeSAvyAtmatattvavedinA padmanandimuninA zrImajanasudhAbdhivardhanakarAvaNendu durAnati vIra zrI pati nimbarAjAvabodhanAya kRrtakatva saptalevattiriyam / -payanandi paMcavizati kI aMgrejI prastAvanA se uddhata pa013

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327 gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya kava prAdhamakegI yaha nizcita nahIM hai, ataeba buddhimAna manuSya ke haiM, jo mAnava jIvana aura unama kulAdi kI sAdhana sAmagrI ko pAkara bhI viSaya tRSNA se parAGmukha hokara apane AtmA kA hita karate haiN| anta meM dharma kA mahatva batalAkara prakaraNa samApta kiyA hai| 2 dAnopavezana-isa adhikAra meM 54 zloka haiM, jinameM dAna kI AvazyakatA paura mahatA para acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| aura dAnatIrtha ke pravartaka rAjA zreyAMsa kA pahale hI smaraNa kiyA hai| jisa prakAra pAnI vastrAdi meM lage haye rudhira ko dhokara svaccha banA detA hai usI prakAra satpAtra dAna bhI vANijyAdi se samapanna pApamala ko dhokara niSpApa banA detA hai| 3 anitya paJcAzat-isa adhikAra meM 55 zloka haiN| isa prakaraNa meM zarIra, strI putra, evaM dhanaprAdi kI svAbhAvika asthiratA batalAte hae usake saMyoga-viyoga meM harSa aura viSAda ke parityAga kI preraNA kI gaI hai| maraNa pAyukarma ke zrINa hone para hotA hai. ataH usake hone para zoka karanA vyartha hai, 4 ekatva saptati-isa prakaraNa meM 80 zloka diye haiN| jinameM batalAyA hai ki cetanatva pratyeka prANI ke bhItara avasthita hai, to bhI jIva ajJAna vaza use jAna nahIM pAtA / jaise lakar3I meM avyakta rUpase agni hote hue bhI nahIM jAna pAte, usI taraha prAtmatatva kA bodha bhI prajJAna ke kAraNa nahIM hotaa| jinendra deva ne usa parama Atma tattva kI upAsanA kA upAya eka mAtra sAmyabhAva ko batalAyA hai / svAsthya, samAdhi, yoga, cittanirodha aura zuddhopayoga ye saba usI sAmya ke nAmAntara haiN| karma aura rAgAdi heya haiM, unheM chor3a denA caahiye| jJAna darzanAdi upayoga rUpa parama jyoti ko upAdeya samajhanA caahie| anta meM prAtmatattva ke abhyAsa kA phala mokSa ko prApti batalAyA hai| 5 yatibhAvanASTaka-isa prakaraNa meM padya haiM jinameM una muniyoM kA stavana kiyA gayA hai, jo bhayAnaka upasarga hone para apane svarUpa se vicalita nahIM hote, pratyuta kaSTa sahiSNu banakara una para vijaya prApta karate haiN| 6 upAsaka saMskAra--isameM 62 padya haiM, dAna ke Adi pravartaka rAjA zreyAMsa kA ullekha karate hue, deva pUjAdi SaTa AvazyakoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| sAmayika vrata kA svarUpa nirdiSTa karate hue sapta vyasanoM kA parityAga anivArya batalAyA hai| 7. dezavato dyotana-isameM 27 zloka haiM jina meM deva darzana 'pUjana rAtribhojana tyAga' tyAlaya nirmANa, chaha Avazyaka, pATha mUlaguNoM aura pAMca aNuvratAdi rUpa uttara guNoM ko dhAraNa karane kA ullekha kiyA hai / aura gRhasthoM ko pApa se unmukta hone ke lie cAra dAna ko preraNA kI hai| 6. siddha stuti-26 zlokoM meM siddhoM kI stuti karate hue praSTakarmoM ke prabhAva se kauna-kauna se guNa prAdurbhata hote haiM, isakA nirdeza kiyA hai| 1. prAlocanA-prajJAna yA pramAda se utpanna hue pApa ko niSkapaTa bhAva se jinendra va guru ke sAmane prakaTa karatA AlocanA hai / Atmazuddhi ke lie doSoM kI AlocanA pAvazyaka hai| Atma nirIkSaNa, ninbA aura gahare karanA ucita hai, AtmanindA karate hue yaha merA pApa mithyA ho aisA vicAra karanA cAhie / kRta, kArita, anumodanA aura mana vacana kAya se saMguNita nauM sthAnoM se pApa utpanna hotA hai, unakA parimArjana karane ke lie prAlocanA karanI caahie| 10. sadvodha candrodaya-yaha 50 padyoM kI racanA hai| isameM paramAtma svarUpa kA mahatva dikhalAkara batalAyA hai ki jisakA citta usa citasvarUpa meM lIna ho jAtA hai vaha yogiyoM meM zreSTha ho jAtA hai / usa yogI ko samasta jIva rAzi apane samAna dikhAI detI hai, use karma kRta vikAroM se bhI kSobha nahIM hotA / yaha jIva moha rUpI nidrA meM cirakAla se soyA hai, aba use isa grantha ko par3ha kara jAgRta ho jAnA caahie| 11. nizcaya paJcAzata-62 padyAtmaka isa prakaraNa meM prAtmA ke jAnane meM kAraNabhUta zuddha naya prAra vyavahAra naya hai| inameM vyavahAra naya ajJAnI janoM ke bodha karane ke liye hai| aura zuddhanaya karma kSaya meM kAraNa hai| isa kAraNa use bhUtArtha aura vyavahAra naya ko abhUtArtha bata lAyA hai| vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa manirvacanIya hai, usakA kathana vyahAranaya se vacanoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| zukhanaya ke mAzraya se ratnatraya ko pAkara apanA vikAsa karatA hai|

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jana dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 12. brahmacayaM rakSAvati - yaha 22 padyoM kA laghu prakaraNa hai, isameM kAma subhaTa ko jItane vAle muniyoM ko namaskAra kara brahmacarya kA svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA hai| apane svarUpa meM ramaNa karane kA nAma brahmacarya hai / jitendriya tapasviyoM kI dRSTi nirmala hotI hai, rAga unake svarUpa ko vikRta karane meM samartha nahIM hotA, aise yogI vandanIya hote haiM / rAga ko jItane ke lie rahana-sahana sAdA aura sAdA bhojana honA caahie| 325 13. RSabha stotra - isa 60 gAthAtmaka prakaraNa meM prathama jinakI stuti kI gaI hai, jinameM unake jIvana ko jhAMkI kA bhI digdarzana nihita hai| unhoMne sAMsArika vaibhava kA parityAga kara kisa taraha svAtmalabdhi prApta kI, usakA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| tIrthaMkara prakRti ke mahatva kA bhI digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / 14. jina darzana stavana- yaha prakaraNa bhI kI 34 gAthAoM ko liye hue haiN| isameM jinadarzana kI mahimA kA varNana hai / 15. zruta devatA stuti isameM 31 zlokoM dvArA jinavANI kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 24 zlokoM dvArA cauvIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI gayI hai / 16. svayaMbhU stuti 17. suprabhAtASTaka yaha aSTa padyAtmaka stuti hai jisa taraha prAtaH kAla hone para rAtri kA andhakAra miTa jAtA hai aura sUrya kA prakAza phaila jAtA hai| usa samaya jana samudAya ko nIMda bhaMga hokara netra khula jAte haiM / usI prakAra moha karma kA kSaya ho jAne para moha nidrA naSTa ho jAtA hai, aura jJAna darzana kA vimala prakAza phaila jAtA hai / - E 18. zAntinAtha stotra - isameM ilokoM dvArA tIna chatra aura ATha prAtihAryo sahita bhagavAna zAntinAtha kA stavana kiyA gayA hai / 12. jina pUjASTaka - 10 padyAtmaka isa prakaraNa meM jala candanAdi dravyoM dvArA jina pUjA kA varNana hai / 20. karuNASTaka - - isameM apanI dInatA dikhalA kara jinendra se dayA kI yAcanA karate hue saMsAra se apane uddhAra kI prArthanA kI gaI hai| 21. kriyAkANDa cUlikA- isameM jina bhagavAna se prArthanA ko gayI hai ki ratnatraya-mUla va uttara guNoM ke sambandha meM abhimAna aura pramAda ke vaza mujhase jo aparAdha huA hai, mana, vacana, kAya aura kRta kArita anumodanA se maine jo prANi pIDana kiyA hai, usase jo karma saMcita huA ho vaha grAma ke caraNa kamala smaraNa se mithyA ho / 22. ekatva bhAvanA dazaka isameM 11 padyoM dvArA parama jyotisvarUpa tathA ekatvarUpa advitIya pada ko prApta Atmatattva kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| usa Atmatatva ko jo jAnatA hai vaha svayaM dUsaroM ke dvArA pUjA jAtA hai| 23. paramArtha vizati - isameM batalAyA hai ki sukha aura duHkha jisa karma ke phala haiM vaha karma zrAtmA se pRthaka hai - bhinna hai | yaha viveka buddhi jise prApta ho cukI haiM, 'usake maiM sukhI hUM athavA dukhI hUM' aisA vikalpa hI utpanna nahIM hotaa| aisA yogo Rtu prAdi ke kaSTa ko kaSTa nahIM mAnatA / 24. zarIrASTaka - isameM zarIra kI svAbhAvika apavitratA aura asthiratA ko dikhalAte hue use nADIvraNa ke samAna bhayAnaka aura kar3avI tUMbar3I ke samAna upabhoga ke prayogya batalAyA saMrakSaNa karane para bhI anta meM jarjarita hokara naSTa ho jAtA hai| | aneka taraha se usakA 25. snAnASTaka - mala se paripUrNa ghar3e ke samAna mala-mUtrAdi se paripUrNa rahane vAlA yaha zarIra jala snAna se pavitra nahIM ho sakatA / usakA yathArtha snAna to viveka hai jo jIva ke cira saMcita mithyAtvAdi Antarika mala ko dho detA hai| jala snAna se prANi hiMsA janita kevala pApa kA hI saMcaya hotA hai| snAna karane aura sugandhita dravyoM kA lepa karane para bhI usakI durgandhi nahIM jAtI / 26 brahmacaryASTaka - viSaya bhoga eka prakAra kA tIkSNa kuThAra hai jo saMyama rUpa vRkSa ko nirmUla kara detA hai / viSaya sevana jaba apanI strI ke sAtha bhI ninya mAnA jAtA hai| taba bhalA para strI aura vezyA ke sambandha ko acchA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai /

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329 gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya padmaprabha maladhArIdeva papraprabha maladhArIdeva-mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaya pustakagaccha aura dezIgaNa ke vidvAna vIranandI vratIndra ke ziSya the / inakI upAdhi maladhArI thI, yaha upAdhi aneka vidvAna AcAryoM ke sAtha lagI dekhI jAtI hai| inakI banAI huI pAcarya kundakunda ke niyamasAra kI eka saMskRta TIkA hai jisakA nAma 'tAtparyavRtti' hai, vattikAra ne vatti kI puSpikA' meM apane liye tIna vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai---'sukavijanapayojamitra' 'paMcendriyaprasAravajita' aura mAtramAtraparigraha' / ina tIna vizeSaNoM se jJAta hotA hai ki padmaprabha sukavijana rUpa kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle mitra (sUrya) the| aura paMcendriyoM ke prasAra se rahita the-jitendriya the| tathA zarIramAtra parigraha ke dhArI thenagna digambara the| acche vidvAna aura kavi the| inhoMne samayasAra ke TIkAkAra prAcArya pramatacandra kI taraha niyama sAra kI tAtparyavRtti meM bhI aneka sundara padya banAkara upasaMhAra rUpa meM yatra-tatra diye haiN| paprabha ne batti meM yathA sthAna aneka vidvAnoM aura unake anthoM ke padyoM ko grantha kartA kA nAma lekara yA ke kiye haiN| unameM samantabhadra, siddhasena, pUjyapAda, amRtacandra, somadeva, guNabhadra, vAdirAja, yogIndradeva aura candrakIti tathA mahAsena kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| samayasAra kalaza, mArgaprakAza. pramatAzIti ekatva saptati, aura zrutavindu nAmaka granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| inake atirikta vRttikAra ne 'tathA coktam mahAsena paMDitadevaH, vAkya ke sAtha nimna pasa kiyA hai| jJAnAddhimlona cAbhinno bhinnAbhinnaH kathaMcana / jJAnaM pUrvAparIsUtaM so'yamAtmeti kIrtitaH // isake pazcAta uktaM ca SaNNavatipApaMDivijayopAjitavizAlakIti mahAsena paMDita devaH vAkya ke sAtha ukta kiyA hai: mAnamirgIhiH hAmajAnaM pradIpayat / . tatsvArthavyavasAyAtmA kathaMcit pramiteH pRthak // " ye donoM hI padya 'svarUpa sambodhana' nAmaka graMtha ke haiM, jisake kartA prAcArya mahAsena haiN| TIkAkAra samasAra ve cAnave vAdiyoM ke vijetA the| aura loka meM unakI vizAla photi phaila rahI thii| inakI gaha paramparA aura gaNa-gacchAdi kyA haiM, yaha kucha jJAta nahIM hotaa| DA. e0ena0 upAdhye ne svarUpa sambodhana kekI sambadha meM likhA hai ki ve nayasena ke ziSya the| thiya: pati kevala bodhalocana, praNamya pramaprabha yodha kaarnnN| karomi karNATagirA prakAzana, svarUpasaMbodhana paMcavizIM // "zrImanmayasenapaMDita devaru ziSyarappadhImanmahAsenadevarubhavyasArthasaMbodhanArtha mArga svarUpa saMbodhana paMca vizati va graMthamaM mAittamA granthada mAdelola iSTa devatA namaskAra meM myaDida para" / mahAsena nAmake aura bhI vidvAna hae haiN| eka to lADa bAgaDa gaNa ke mahAsena jo pradyumnacarita ke kartA haiN| jo saMvat 1050 ke lagabhaga hae haiM jo 1. tadvidyADhyaM vIranandhi vratIndram 2. maladhArI vizeSaNa digambara vetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM ke muniyoM ke sAtha saMlagna dekhA jAtA hai| bArIra ke svacchatA ke viparIta mala parISaha kI sahana-zIlatA kA zolaka hai| maladhArI gaNDa cimukta deva, malaghArI mAzvacandra maladhArI bAlacandra, maladhAri malliSeNa, maladhArideva, Adi digambara, maladhArI hemacandra, malayAri abhayadeva, malapAri jinabhadra Adi zvetAmbara / 1. 'iti sukavijanapayojamitra paMcendrivaprasaravajita gAtramAtraparigraha zrI pacapramAlapAri deva viracitAyAM niyamasAra vyAlyAyo tAtparyavattI zuddha nizciyaprAyazcitsAdhikAro'STamaH zrutaskandhaH ?

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330 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAna mAlavapati maja nareza dvArA pUjita the aura jo guNAkarasenasari ke ziSya the| dasare mahAsena 'sulocanA carita' ke kartA haiM jinakA ullekha 'harivaMza purANa' meM pAyA jAtA hai| prastuta mahAsena inase bhinna jAna par3ate haiN| yaha koI tIsare hI mahAsena haiN| dRttikAra ne jahA~ vIranandi ko nitya namaskAra karane kI rAta likhI hai, aura batalAyA hai ki jisa mumukSa muni ke sadA vyavahAra aura nizcaya pratikramaNa vidyamAna haiN| aura jisake raMca mAtra bhI pratikramaNa nahIM haiM aise saMyama rUpI AbhUSaNa ke dhAraka muni ko maiM (pacaprabha) sadA namaskAra karatA huuN| vRttikAra ne apane samaya meM vidyamAna 'mAdhavasenAcArya' ko namaskAra karate hae unheM saMyama aura jJAna kI mUrti, kAmadevarUpa hasti ke kubhasthala ke bhedaka aura ziSya rUpa kamaloM kA vikAsa karane vAle sUrya batalAyA hai| padya meM prayukta 'virAjate' kriyA unakI vartamAna maujUdagI kI dyotaka hai vaha padya isa prakAra hai| "nomastu te saMyamabodhamUrtaye, smarebhakuMbhasthala bhedanAyave, vineyaparahavikAsabhAnave virAjate mAdhavasenasaraye / / " mAdhavasena nAsapaneka dina hagaH hai| parantu ye mAsena unase bhinna jAna par3ate haiN| 'eka mAdhavasena kASThAsaMgha ke vidvAna nemiSeNa ke ziSya the, aura amitagati dvitIya ke guru the| inakA samaya saM0 1025 se 1050 ke lagabhaga honA caahiye| dUsare mAdhavasena pratApasena ke paTTaghara the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 13 bI 14 vIM zatAbdI honA saMbhava hai| tIsare mAdhavasena mUlasaMgha, senagaNa pogarigaccha ke candraprabha siddhAnta deva ke ziSya the / inhoMne jina caraNoM kA manana karake aura paMca parameSThI kA smaraNa kara ke samAdhi maraNa dvArA zarIra kA parityAga kiyA thaa| inakA samaya I0 san 1124 (vi0saM0 1181) hai| cauthe mAdhavasena ko lokkiya vasadi ke liye dekararasa ne jambahali pradAna kii| isa kA dAna mAghavasena ko diyA thaa| yaha zilAlekha zaka saMvata 785--san 1062 I0 kA hai| prataH ina mAdhavasena kA samaya IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA tRtIya caraNa hai| ina cAroM mAdhavasenoM meM se vRttikAra dvArA ullikhita mAdhavasena kA samIkaraNa nahIM hotaa| ataH ve inase bhinna hI koI mAdhavasena nAma ke vidvAna hoNge| unake gaNa-gacchAdi aura samaya kA ullekha mere dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| pacaprabha manapArideva ne vRtti ke pR061 para candrakItimuni ke mana kI vandanA kI hai| aura pRSTha 142 meM unhoM ne zrata vindu' nAma ke grantha kA 'tathA coktaM zruta bindI, vAkya ke sAtha nimna padya uddhata kiyA hai : jayati vijayavoSo'marpamapandramolipravilasavanamA lAbhyacitAMghri jinendraH / trijagadajagatI yasye dRzau pazmuvAte samamiva viSayevyamyonya vRti niSetra m|| 1. tayiSyo viditA khiloka sabhayo vAdI ra vAgmI kaviH / zabdabrahmavicitraSAmayazasA mAnyA satAmaNIH / mAsIt zrImahAsema sUriniSaH zrI muNjraajaapitH| sImA darzana boSa vRttapasAM mavyAnjinI bAndhavaH // -pradyumna carita prazasti 3 2. mahAsenasya madhurA zIlAsaMkAra baarinnii| kathA na variNatA kena vaniva sulocanA ||-hrivNsh purANa 1-33 3. yasya pratikramaNameva sadA mumumo-styi pratikramaNa mapyaNumAtra muccaiH| tasmai namaH sakalasaMyamabhUSaNAya, zrI vIranandi muni nAmaparAya nityam ||-niymsaar vRtti 4. nirupama midaM vandhaM zrIcandrakIti mune manaH / / -niyamasAra vRtti pR0 152

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! gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya 331 zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM0 54 pR0 106 meM inhIM candrakIrti muni kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai zrIra unheM zrutavindu kA karttA bhI batalAyA hai : vizvaM yazbhutavinnAvarurudhe bhAvaM kuzAgrIyayA, budhyevAti mahIyasApravavasAbaddhaM gaNAdhIzvaraiH / ziSyAnpratyanukampayA kRzamatInevaM yugIndArasugI - staM vAcAca candrakIti gaNinaM candrAbhakIrti budhAH // 32 - maMsUra sTeTa ke turaMkUra jile meM do abhilekha mile haiM, ve padmaprabha ke prabhAva kSetra kI acchI sUcanA dete haiM / eka to kuppI tAlluke ke niTTUru meM prApta huA hai jisameM eka prasiddha dharmAtmA mahilA jainAmbikA kA ullekha hai jA inakI eka ziSyA thii| dUsarA abhilekha pAbugaDa tAlluka ke nigallu meM pahAr3I para ke eka jaina mandira meM milA hai - (epigrAphiyA karnATikA ji0 12 pAbUgar3a 52 ) isameM eka mukhiyA gAMgeyana mAreya ke dvArA eka jaina mandira ke nirmANa karAye jAne kA ullekha hai| isa abhilekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki yaha mandira nirmAtA nemi paDita ke dvArA jainadharma meM praviSTa kiyA gayA thaa| epigrAphiyA karnATikA ji0 12 Guvvi) | yaha nemi paMDita padmaprabha maladhArI ke ziSya the / jaba iruGgola deva rAjya kara rahA thA-- tatpAdapadmopajIvI gaGgayanamAreya gaGgaya nAyaka aura cAmAse me utpanna huA thA / isane nemi paNDita se vrata liye the / nemi paNDita ko padmaprabha maladhArI deva se manobhilapita prartha kI prApti huI thI / pa0 ma0 deva zrI mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, koNDakundAnvaya, pustaka gaccha tathA vANada baliya ke vIranandi siddhAnta cakravartI ke ziSya the / kAlAJjana ( niDugala ) parvata ke badara tAlAba ke dakSiNa kI tarapha eka caTTAna ke sire para gaMgana mArane pArzva jina kI basati khar3I kI thii| isI ko 'jogavaTTige basadi' bhI kahate the / pArzvanAtha jineza kI dainika pUjA, mahAbhiSeka karane ke lie, tathA catuvarNa ko bAhAra dAna dene ke lie gagayana mAreya tathA usakI strI vAcale ne irugula deva se prAcandra-sUrya-sthAyI dAna karane ke liye prArthanA kI taba usane bhUmiyoM kA dAna kiyA, tathA mArenahalli ke kucha kisAnoM ne milakara bahuta se akharoTa aura pAna prati bojha para diye| palika kisAnoM ne bhI kolhusoM se tela diyA / yadyaprabha maladhArI devakI dUsarI kRti 'lakSmI stotra' hai jo saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha mudrita ho cukA hai / inakI anya kyA racanAeM haiM yaha kucha jJAta nahIM huA / madrAsa prAnta ke pATazivaram' nAmaka grAma ke dakSiNa praveza dvAra para sthita eka stambha ke khaMDita zilAlekha meM bIranandi siddhAnta cakravartI ke zipya padmaprabha maladhArI deva ke sambandha meM nimna zloka aMkita hai, jisameM unake dehotsarga kI tithi kA ullekha hai: savarSa saptadu kSiti 1107 parimitivizvAvasu prAntaphAlguNya kanacchuddhA caturthItithitabharaNI somavArArddha rAtrA fusersarienate nimmaM lamati mallamTaM nAmapadmaprabhaM / pustaka gacchaM mUlasaMgha pratipatinusa desIgaNa muktanAvaM || 1107 vizvAvasu, phAlguNa zuklA 4 bharaNI, somavAra ko -- 24 pharvarI san 1185 I0 somavAra ke dina padmaprabha maladhArI deva kA svargavAsa huaa| yaha lekha pazcimIya cAlukya rAjyakAla kA hai / ( Jainism in South India P. 159 ) zaka saMvat (vi0 saM0 1242) ko nareza somezvara caturthI ke 1. niruGgI-devaM rAjyaM gemyuttamire tatpAdapadmopajIviyapa gaGgayanAyaka' 'jAmAGga negavudbhavisi gaGgayana mAreyaM zrI mUla saMvada deziya gaNada koNDakundAnvava pustaka gacchada vAdayaniya zrI vIranandi- siddhAnta - cakravatagila ziSyarAda medinI siddhara padmaprabha- maladhAri devara caraNa-paricaryeya paryApta kAmidarAda miti niGgIkRtavata nAdam / - jainalekha saM0 bhA0 350 332

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 bAmanandi vidya dAmanandi mUlasaMgha, deziyagaNa, pustakagaccha aura kundakundAnvaya meM prasiddha guNacandra deva ke praziSya aura nayakIti siddhAntadeva ke ziSya the| inake choTe bhAI bAlacandra munIndra the| soma seTTi ne pArvajina ko aSTa vidha pUjana aura mandira kI marammata aura muniyoM ke mAhAradAna ke lie dAna diyA thA aura kucha bhUmi bAlacandra muni ke pAda prakSAlana pUrvaka dI gayI thii| yaha lekha zaka saM0 1100 san 1178 IsavI kA hai / ataH ina dAmanandi kA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI hai| jainalekha saM0 bha0 3 le. naM. 364 pR0177 kulacandra munIndra kulacandra siddhAnta munIndra-yaha kulabhUSaNa siddhAnta munIndra ke ziSya the / dhavalA kI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM satprarUpaNA vivaraNa ke anta meM kanAr3I prazasti pAI jAtA hai| usameM tIna AcAryoM kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| paanandi siddhAnta munIndra, kulabhUSaNa siddhAnta munIndra aura kulacandra siddhAnta munIndra / jitayaza se ujvala kulacandra siddhAnta munIndra kA udbhava jaMgamatIrtha ke samAna thA / ve sadA kAya aura mana se saccAritravAn dino dina zaktimAn aura niyamavAna hote hue unhoMne viveka buddhi dvArA jJAna dohana kara kAmadeva ko dUra rkhaa| saccAritravAn hAnA hA kAmadeva ke krodha se bacane kA eka mAtra mArga hai| isase unakI cAritra niSThatA kA patA calatA hai| yaha vahI kulacandra jJAta hote hai jinakA ullekha zravaNa belgola ke 403 (64) lekha meM pAyA jAtA hai| praviddhakAdika pacanandI saddhAntakAyojani yasya loke| kaumAraya pratitAprasiti joyA sojJAnanidhiH sdhiirH|| tacchiSyaH kulabhUSaNAyayatipazcAritravArAnidhissidvAntAmbudhipArago natavineyastatsadharmoM mahAna / zabdAmbhoruhabhAskaraH prathitagranthakAraH prabhAcandrAkhyo munirAja paMDitavaraH zrIkaNDAnvanvayaH / / tasya zrIkulabhUSaNAtya mumune ziSye vineyastuta--- ssayattaH kulacandradeva munipssiddhaantvidyaanidhiH|| ina padyoM meM mandi, kulabhUSaNa naura kulacandra muniyoM ke bIca guru-ziSya paramparA kA spaSTa ullekha hai| inameM padmanandi saiddhAntika ko, jJAni nidhi, sadhIra, aviddhakarNa aura kaumAradeva pratI batalAyA hai / ve karNa chedana saMskAra se pahale hI dIkSita ho gae the| prataeva ne kaumAradeva vratI bhI kahalAte the| arthAt ve bAla brahmacArI the| inake eka ziSya prabhAcandra the, jo zabdAmoja bhAskara aura prathita taka granthakAra the / kulabhUSaNa ko cAritra vA rAnidhi aura siddhAntAmbudhi pAraga batalAyA hai| aura kulacandra ko vinaya, sadvRtta aura siddhAnta vidyAnidhi kahA hai| inakA samaya san 1133 ke lagabhaga honA cAhie / kulacandra ke ziSya mAdhanandi saiddhAntika the, jo kolhApura kI rUpanArAyaNa vasadi ke pradhAnAcArya the / inakA paricaya prAge diyA gayA hai| kulacandramuni-mUlasaMghAnvaya krANuragaNa ke vidvAna paramAnanda siddhAnta deva ke ziSya the| inheM bhuvanaka malla ke suputra ne, jisa samaya unakA rAjya pravardhamAna thA, aura jo baMkApura meM nivAsa karate the| unake pAda paMdyopa 1. saMtata kAla kAyamati saccaritaM dinadi dinakke vI ye naledaMdu mikka niyamaMgala nAMtu vivekaboSa dohaM tave kaMtu manyugide saccaritaM kulacandra deva sebAMta munIndra rUjitayazojvala jaMgamatIrtharudbhavam / / -dhavalA pu0 2 prastAvanA pR0 3

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pArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya jIvI peADi bhuvanakavIra udayAditya zAsana kara rahe the| taba bhuyanakamalla ne 'zAntinAtha mandira' ke liye ukta kulacandra muni ko nAgara khaNDa meM bhUmi dAna diyaa| cUki yaha zilAlekha zaka saM0 166 (vi0 saM0 1131 san 1075 hai / ata: ukta muni vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdha ke vidvAna the| jainalekha saM0 bhA02 pR0, 264-65 prAcAga inake pitA kA nAma kezabarAja aura mAtA kA nAma mallAmbikA thaa| kavi kA gotra bhAradvAja thaa| yaha jaMna brAhmaNa the| guru kA nAma nandiyogIzvara' aura grAma kA nAma purIkara nagara (pulagira) yaa| inake pitA kezavarAja aura recaNa nAma ke senApati ne, jo vasudhaika bAndhava ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| vardhamAna nAmaka eka purANa graMtha ke nirmANa kA kArya prArambha kiyA thA, kintu durdeva se unakA bIca meM hI zarIrAnta ho gayA, taba usa anya ko AcANNa ne samApta kiyaa| isa kavi kI pArzvanAtha purANa meM, jo kavipArzva dvArA san 1205 meM racA gayA haiprazaMsA kI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki kavi pAcaNNa san 1205 se pahale huA hai| kavi ne apane se pUrvavatoM kaviyoM ko stuti karate hue agala kavi kI (1186) kI bhI prazaMsA ko hai| isase kavi 1186 ke bAda humA hai / revaNa camupati kalacuri rAjA kA maMtrI thaa| zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki mAhavamalla (1181-1183) ke aura navIna hayazAlavaMza ke vIra ballAla (1172-1216) ke samaya meM bhI vaha jIvita thaa| isase kavi kA samaya 1175 ke lagabhaga jAna par3atA hai / prastuta varSamAna purANa meM mahAvIra tIrthaMkara kA carita varNita hai / grantha meM 16 pAzvAsa haiN| isakI racanA anuprAsa yamaka Adi zabdAlaMkAroM se yukta aura praur3ha hai| kavi kI anya kisI kRti kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| brahmaziva yaha vatsagotrI brAhmaNa thaa| isake pitA kA nAma aggala deva thaa| yaha kIrtivarmA aura Ahava. malla nareSA kA samakAlIna thaa| pahale yaha vaidika matAnuyAyI thaa| pazcAta use niHsAra samajhakara liMgAyata mataka! upAsaka ho gayA thaa| usa samaya taka vaha veda, smRti aura purANa prAdi granthoM kA adhyayana kara cukA thA / parantu use ina granthoM se santoSa nahIM humA / liMgAyata mata ko bhI usane yathArtha nahIM samajhA aura pazcAt usane syAdvAdamaya jainadharma ko grahaNa kara santuSTa ho gyaa| isakA banAyA huA eka 'samaya parIkSA' nAmaka graMtha hai jisameM zaiva, vaiSNavAdi matoM ke pUrANa granthoM tathA prAcAroM meM doSa batalA kara jainadharma kI prazaMsA kI hai| isa graMtha kI kavitA bahuta hI sarala paura lalita hai| yaha kanar3I bhASA kA kavi hai| samaya parIkSA se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha saMskRta kA bhI acchA vidvAna thA / grantha ke puSpikA vAkya se isake guru kA nAma vIranandI muni jAna par3atA hai--ti bhagavavarhata paramezvara dharaNa smaraNa pariNatAta:karaNa vIranandi munindra caraNa sarasIruha-SaT paraNa-mithyA samaya tIca timira ghaNDakiraNasakalAgama nipuNa-mahAkavi brahma ziva viracita samaya parIkSAyAM-" ye vIranandI medyacandra vidya ke ziSya jAna par3ate haiN| jo sana 1915 meM divaMgata hae the| yadi ye vIranandi yahI haiM / to kavi kA samaya san 1120-1125 honA cAhiye / bAlacanda pradhyAsmI yaha mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha aura kundakunda anvaya ke vidvAna the| inake guru nayakIti ye jo guNacandra siddhAnta cakravartI ke ziSya the aura jinakA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1066 san 1977 meM vaizAkha zuklA caturdazI ko huA thaa| inake bhAI kA nAma dAmanandI thaa| aneka zilAlekhoM meM inako stuti ke 1. madAsa ke prAcya kozAlaya ke eka zilAlekha se mAsUma hotA hai ki nandiyogIzvara san 1989 meM maujUda the / 2. zAke racanavadyupandramasi dummakhyA va (khya) saMvatsare / vaizAkhe ghabale catudaMpArine bAre ca suurimje| pUrvAhaprahare gatela sahite svarga jagAmAtmavAn / vikhyAto nayakIti-deva munipo rAdhAnta-cakrAdhipaH / / 23 -jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga 1 pR. 37

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334 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 padya milate haiN| inakI banAI huI 5 TIkAeM upalabdha hai| sAratraya - pravacanasAra, samayasAra aura paMcAstikaya, paramAtmaprakAza, aura tatvaratna pradIpikA (tattvArtha sUtraTIkA) ye TIkAeM bar3I sundara aura adhyAtma viSaya para vistRta prakAza DAlatI hai| prAbhRtatraya kI TIkA ke anta meM nimna gadya paMkti dI hai- iti samasta saMddhAndhika cakravartI zrInaya kotinandana- vineyajanAnandana - nijarUci sAgaranandi paramAtmadeva sevA sAditAtmasvabhAva nityAnaMda - bAlacaMdra deva viracitA vRttiH / kavi ne tattvArthasUtra kI 'tattvaratna pradIpikA' TIkA kumuda caMdra bhaTTAraka ke pratibodha ke liye banAI thI, aisA TIkA meM ullekha milatA hai| inakA samaya san 1170 IsvI hai / rAjAditya padyavidyAdhara inakA upanAma thaa| isake pitA kA nAma zrIpati aura mAtA kA nAma vasantA thaa| koMDimaMDala ke pUvina bAga' meM isakA janma huA thaa| yaha viSNuvardhana rAjA kI sabhA kA pradhAna paMDita thA / viSNuvardhana ne IsvI san 1904 se 1149 taka rAjya kiyA hai| kavi ke samakSa usakA rAjyabhiSeka huA thaa| apane AzrayadAtA rAjA kI isane eka padya meM bahuta prazaMsA kI hai| aura usako satyavaktA, parahita carita, susthira, bhAMgI, gaMbhIra, udAra, saccaritra akhila vidyAvita aura bhavya sevya batalAyA hai| yaha kavi gaNita zAstra kA bar3A bhArI vidvAna huA hai / karNATaka kavi carita ke lekhaka ke anusAra kanar3I sAhitya meM gaNita kA graMtha likhane vAlA yaha sabase pahalA vidvAna thA / isake banAye hue vyavahAra gaNita, kSetragaNita, vyavahAraratna, jainagaNita sUtraTIkA udAharaNa, citraha suge aura lIlAvatI ye gaNita grantha prApya haiN| ye saba grantha prAyaH gadya-padyamaya haiN| isakA vyavahAra gaNita nAma kA grantha bahuta acchA hai / isameM gaNita ke trairAzika, paMcarAzika, saptarAzika, navarAzika, cakravRddhi mAdi sampUrNa viSaya haiM aura ye itanI sugama paddhati se batalAye gaye haiM ki gaNita jaisA kaThina aura nIrasa viSaya bhI sarasa ho gayA hai| kavi ne apanI vilakSaNa pratibhA se ise pAMca dina meM banAkara samApta kiyA thaa| kavi ke guru kA nAma zubhacaMdra deva thA / saMbhavataH ye zubhacaMdra vahI haiN| jinakA ullekha zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM0 43 meM kiyA hai aura jinako mRtyu IsvI san 1923 meM batalAI gaI hai| isase kavi kA samaya san 1115 se 1120 taka jAna par3atA hai / kItirmA yaha cAlukya vaMzIya ( solaMkI ) mahArAja trailokya malla kA putra thA / trailokyamalla ne san 1044 se 1068 taka rAjya kiyA hai| isa ke cAra putra the vikramAMkadeva ( 1076 se 1926), jayasiMha, viSNuvardhana, vijayAditya aura kIrtirmA / kIrtivarmA trailokya malla kI jainadharma dhAraNa karanevAlI ketaladevI rAnI ke garbha se utpanna huA thA / ketaladevI ne saikar3oM jainamandira banavAye the| usake banavAe hue mandiroM ke khaMDahara aura unake zilAlekha aba bhI karnATaka prAnta meM usake nAmakA smaraNa karAte haiN| kIrtivarmA ke banAye hue granthoM meM se isa samaya kevala eka 'govaidya' grantha prApta hai| isameM pazuoM ke vividha rogoM kA aura unakI cikitsA kA vistArapUrvaka varNana hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki vaha kevala kavi hI nahIM vaMdya bhI thA / govaidya ke eka padya meM usane apane liye kIrticandra, vairikarihari, kandarpa mUrti, samyaktva ratnAkara, budhabhavya bAndhava, vaidya ratnapAla, kavitAbdhicandra kIrtivilAsa Adi vizeSaNa diye haiN| 'vairikarihari' vizeSaNa usake baDA vIra tathA yoddhA hone ko sUcita karatA hai / usane apane gurU kA nAma devacanda ni batalAyA hai| zravaNa velagola ke 40 meM zilAlekha meM rAghava pANDavIya kAvya ke kartA zrutakIrti traividya ke samakAlIna jina devacanda kI stuti kI hai saMbhavataH ve hI kIrtivarmA ke guru hoM athavA anya koI devacanda / inakA samaya san 1125 I0 hai / 1. vyavahAra gaNita ke pratyeka puSpikA madya vAkya se kavi ke guru ke nAma kA patA calatA hai- iti zubhacandradeva yora pAdAravindamatta madhuka rAyamAnamAnasAnandita sakalagati tatvavilAse vineyajana nute zrI rAjyAditya viracite vyavahAra mariNate - ityAdi /

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya paNDita boppaNa boppaNa paNDita-sUjanottaMsa isakA upanAma thaa| yAccapaNa, pArzva, kezirAja prAdi kaviyoM ne isakI bahuta prazaMsA kI hai / kezirAjane isakA 'sUkavisamAjanuta, kaha kara ullekha kiyA hai aura isakI grantha paddhati ko lakSyabhUna mAna kara apanI racanA kI hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki yaha aneka granthoM kA racayitA hogaa| parantu isa samaya usakI kevala do choTI-choTI racanAeM hI milatI haiN| jinameM se eka to 'gommaTezvara, ko stuti hai aura dUsarI ' nirvANalakSmI pati nakSatramAlikA, nAma kI kavitA hai| gommaTezvara kI stuti meM kanar3I ke 27 padya hai jo dhavaNa lagulake 85 (234) 3 zilAlekha meM aMkita hai| 'nirvANalakSmIpati nakSatramAlikA meM bhI 27 kanar3I padya haiM / kavi ne mommaTezvara kI stuni saiddhAntika carezvara nayakAti ne ziSya grAdhyAtmika vAlacandra kI preraNA se racI thii| isase spaSTa hai ki kavi bAlacandra ke samakAlIna thaa| zravaNa belagula kA 85 vAM zilAlekha zaka saMvat 1102 san 1980 kA ligA huA hai / ataH kabi kA samaya 12voM zatAbdI hai| jaina lekha saM0 bhA011.166 dhIradandI mUlamaMgha dezoyagaNa ke prAcArya meSacandra vidya deva ke pAtmaja aura ziSya the, jinakI nAvina cAvI, siddhAntezvara-zikhAmaNi vidya deva upAdhiyAM thiiN| jaisA ki prAcArasAra ke nimna prazasti vAkya meM prakaTa hai:- . baidagdhazrI vadhUTI patiratulaguNAlaMkRtimeghacandrastravidyasyAtmajAto madanamahimato bhedane vanapAtaH / / saMddhAntivyUhacar3AmaNiratnuphalacintAmaNi janAmA / yo'bhata sojanyarundrazriyamavati mahAvIranandI munIndraH / / -prAcArasAra 12, 42 prAcArya vIranandI caturatA rUpI lakSmI ke svAmI haiM, anupama guNoM se alaMkRta haiN| meSacandra vidyadeva ke prAtmaja-putra haiM, aura kAmadeva rUpI parvata ko bhedana karane liye vaca ke samAna haiM, siddhAnta zAstrajJoM ke samUha meM car3AmaNi hai, aura pRthvI-maMDala ke logoM ko icchita phala dene vAle uttama cintAmaNi haiN| aise thI vIranandI muni sajjanatA rUpa saghana lakSmI ko sadA rakSA kiyA karate haiN| prastuta karanandI apane samaya ke acche vidvAna the| unhoMne apane prAcArasAra meM apane guru meghacandra kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai| caMki meghacandra vidyadeva kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1037 (vi0 saMvat 1172) meM magasirasudI caturdazI vahaspativAra ke dina dhanulagna meM humA thaa| jaisA ki zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM. 47 ke nimna vAkya se prakaTa hai: "sakavarSa 1037 neya manmathasaMvatsarada mArgasira suddha 14 vRhabAra dhanulagnada pUrvANhadAruSaligeyappA galu zrImUlasa hada desiyagaNada pustaka gaccha thI meghacandra vidyadeva tammavazAna kAlamanaridu palyaMkAzana doli prAmabhAvaneyaM bhAvimuttaM devalokakke sndraabhaavneyentppdendodde|" anantabodhAtmakamAsmatattvaM nidhAyacetasyapahAya heyaM / vidya nA mA muni meghacandro divaMgato bodhanidhi viziSTAma // inake pramukha ziSya prabhAcandra nAma ke the| inhIM prabhAcandra siddhAnta devane mahA pradhAna daNDa nAyaka gaMgagaja dvArA meSacandra kI niSadyA kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| pravacanasArAdi granthoM ke TIkAkAra prAcArya jayasena ne paMcAsti kAya kI dUsarI gAthA ko TIkA meM prAcArya 1. mUlasaMgha kRta pustaka gaccha dezIyodyaGgaNAdhipamutAkika ckrvrtii| saiddhAntikezvarazikhAmaNimeSacandrastravidya deva iti savibudhAH stuvanti // 26 // dhavaraNa. ana le. saM. bhA. 1 le.naM0421018

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236 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 vIranandI ke 'zrAcArasAra' ke caturtha adhikAra ke 65, 96 naM0 ke do zloka uddhRta kiye haiM / aura DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne apanI pravacanasAra kI prastAvanA meM prAcArya jayasena kA samaya 1150 I0 ke bAda vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha nizcita kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki zrAcArya jayasena vIranandI ke hI samakAlIna the; kyoMki zrAcArasAra ke mUla race jAne ke kucha samaya bAda AcArya voranandI ne 1153 A.D. (vi0 saM0 2210) meM usa para eka kanar3I TIkA bnaaii| isase prAcArya vIratandI kA samaya vi0 ko 12vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura 13vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai| ve 13vIM zatAbdI meM 10 varSa jIvita rahe haiN| kyoMki kannaDa TIkA usa samaya racI gaI hai| inake ziSya neminAtha ne prAcArya somadeva ke 'tI' banAI hai| 'AcArasAra' saMskRta bhASA kA apUrva grantha hai / isameM zravaNoM muniyoM kI kriyAoM kA unake zrAcAravicAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI anya Avazyaka viSayoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA gayA hai / isa grantha meM 'mUlAcAra' ke samAna 12 adhikAra diye haiM, mulAcAra aura AcArasAra kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se patA calatA hai ki vIranandI ne mUlAcAra ko sAmane rakhakara isakI racanA kI hai| Adi anta maMgala aura prazasti ko chor3akara zeSa saba zlokoM kA mUlAcAra ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha jAna par3atA hai| hAM, viSaya varNana kI kamavaddhatA to nahIM hai / mUlAcAra ke 12va paryApta adhikAra kA varNana AcArasAra ke tIsare cauthe sarga meM pAyA jAtA hai / isakI tulanA maiMne jaina si0 bhA0 bhAga 6 kI prathama kiraNa meM dI huI hai / grantha para vIranandI kI kannar3a TIkA bhI hai, jo abhI prakAzita nahIM huI / - gaNadhara koti yaha mani gujarAta ke nivAsI the| inhoMne apanI guru paramparA prazasti meM nimna prakAra dI hai sAgara nandI, svarNanandI, padmanandI, puSpadanta kuvalayacandra aura gaNadhara kIrti / yaha AcArya puSpadanta ke praziSya aura kuvalayacandra ke ziSya the| inhoMne kinhI somadeva ke pratibodhanArtha, gUDha artha aura saMketa ko dUrane vAlI somadevAcA kI 'dhyAna vidhi' nAmaka 40 padyAtmaka dhyAna grantha para TIkA likhI hai / TIkA kA nAma zradhyAtma taraMgiNI hai| isameM bhagavAna AdinAtha kI dhyAnAvasthA kA varNana karate hue dhyAnoM kA svarUpa aura vidhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai| isa TIkA kA nAma adhyAtmataraMgiNI hai / lekhakoM kI kRpA se mUlagrantha kA nAma bhI adhyAtma taraMgiNI ho gayA hai / gaNadhara kIrti ne vATa grAma ( baTapadra ) jahAM vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalA TIkA likhI thI / vasati' nAma kA jainamandira thA / vahIM para gaNadhara kIrti ne yaha TIkA vikramasaMvata 1986 san paMcamI ravivAra ke dina gujarAta ke cAlukya vaMzIya rAjA jayasiMha yA siddharAja jayasiMha ke samApta kI hai- jaisA usake nimna padma se prakaTa hai : ekAdaza zatAkIrNe navAzItyutare pare / saMvatsare zubhe yoge puSya nakSatrasaMjJake // 17 caitramAse site pakSe'tha paMcamyAM raSau vine / siddhA siddhipradA TIkA gaNabhUtakIrti vipazcitaH / / 18 nistrizata jitArAti vijayazrI virAjani / jayasiMhadeva saurAjye sajjanAnanva vAyani / / 16 1. zrI somasena pratibodhanArthaM dharmAbhidhAnoccayazaH sthiraH / gUDhArthasandehaharA prazastA TIkA kRtAdhyAtma taraGgiNIyam / vahAM zubhaturaMga deva ka 1132 meM caitra zukla rAjya kAla meM banAkara bhaTTavasari yaha digambarAcArya dAmanandI ke ziSya the| inhoMne dAmanandI ke pAsa se prAyoM ke guhya rahas

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17 gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya ko jAnakara 'pAyajJAnatilaka' kI racanA kI hai| yaha prazna vidyA se sambandha rakhane vAlA mahatvapUrNa pratya hai| isameM praznoM ke zubhAzubha phala ko jAnane aura batalAne kI kalA kA nirdeza hai| anya kI gAthA saMkhyA 415 hai| paura nimna 25 prakaraNa haiM jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM-1 AyasvarUpa, 2 pAtavibhAga, 3 mAyAvasthA, 4 prahayoga pacchA kAryAna, bhA'zubha, 7 lAbhAlAbha, 8 roganideza, 6 kanyA parIkSaNa 10 bhUlakSaNa, 11 garbhaparijJAna, 12 vivAha, 13 gamanAgamana, 14 paricayajJAna, 15 jaya-parAjaya, 16 varSAlakSaNa, 17 ardhakaraNDa, 15 naSTa parijJAna 19 taponirvAha parijJAna, 20 jIvitamAna, 21 nAmAkSaroddeza, 22 praznAkSara-saMkhyA, 23 saMkIrNa, 24 kAla, 25 aura cRpuujaa| santha para granthakAra kI banAI huI svoSajJa eka saMskRta TIkA hai, usase hI grantha ke viSaya kI jAnakArI hotI hai| saMbhavataH granthakAra pahale ajaina rahe hoM, bAda meM jaina saMskAroM se saMskRta hokara jaina dharma meM dIkSita hae hoM aura digambarAcArya dAmanandI ke ziSya hae hoN| jina dAmanandI kA unhoMne apane ko ziSya batalAyA hai ve vahI jAna par3ate haiM jinakA zravaNa belagola ke lekha naM 55 (66) meM ullekha hai, jinhoMne mahAvAdI viSNu bhaTTako bAda meM parAjita kiyA thA-pIsa DAlA thA, isI se use 'viSNabhaTra-gharaTra' likhA hai| ye dAmanandI zilAlekhAnusAra una prabhAcandrAcArya ke sagharmA (sAthI athavA gAbhAI the jinake caraNa dhArAdhipati bhoja dvArA pUjita the| aura jinheM mahAprabhAvaka una gopanandI pAcArya kA mI likhA hai jinhoMne kUvAdi daitya dharjaTi ko bAda meM parAjita kiyA thaa| yadi yaha kalpanA sahI hai to unake ziSya kA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI ho sakatA hai| nAga candra nAga candra-inakA dUsarA nAva abhinava pampa hai| bhAratI karNapUra, kavitA manohara, sAhitya vidyAdhara, sAhitya sarvajJa, aura sRvita muktavataMsa grAvi maneka kavi ke nAma athavA viruda the| yaha vidvAna hone ke sAtha dhanavAna bhI thA / isane vipula dhana lagAkara 'mallinAtha' kA eka vizAla jinamandira bIjApura meM banavAyA thaa| jo isakA nivAsa sthAna thaa| usI samaya nAgacandra ne 'mallinAtha purANa' kI racanA kI thii| jo 14 AzvAsoM meM varNita hai| prantha gadya-padya mayaM campU zailI meM likhA gayA hai / kathana zailI manamohaka hai aura sarasa hai| inake guru vakra gaccha ke vidvAna meghacandra ke sahAdhyAyI bAlacandra the| bAlacandra nAma ke kaI mani ho gae hai jinameM eka pustaka gaccha bhukta nayakIti ke ziSya the| aura prAkRta granthoM ke kanar3I TIkAkAra hone se AdhyAtmika bAlacandra kahalAte haiN| ye san 1192 taka jIvita the| dUsare bAlacandra vakra gaccha ke the aura vIranandI siddhAnta cakravartI ke guru meghacandra (pUjyapAda kRta samAdhi zataka yA samAdhitaMtra ke TIkAkAra) ke sahAdhyAyI the| yahI dUsare bAlacandra ke guru the| kavi kI dUsarI kRti rAmAyaNa athavA pampa rAmAyaNa hai / yaha bahuta hI sundara evaM sarasa granya hai| isakA sabhI adhyayana karate haiN| karnATaka deza meM isakA bar3A pracAra hai| yaha grantha bhI gadya-padya maya hai| jina muni tanaya aura jinAkSara mAlA ye do grantha bhI inake banAye hue kahe jAte haiM parantu unakI racanA sAdhAraNa aura mahatvahIna hone ke kAraNa ukta kavi kI kRti nahIM mAlUma pdd'tii| saMbhava hai unake racayitA koI dUsare hI kavi hoM / inakA samaya san 1105 (vi0 saM0 1240) ke lagabhaga hai|| 1. jaM dAmanandi guruNo'marAyaM ayANa AriNayaM gujddN| taM AyaraNANatilae vosariNA bhannae payakaM // " 2. "za (ma) vIyazAstrasAreNa yatkRta janamaMhanaM / tadAya jJAna tilakaM svayaM viviyate mayA // " AyazAna tilaka

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338 baina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 2 guNabhadra guNasata-mulasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha paura koNDa kundAtvaya ke divAkara the| inake ziSya nayakIti. siddhAntadeva the aura prazidhya bhAnukIti, jinheM zaka saM0 1065 ke vijaya saMvat meM hoyasala vaMza ke ballAla nareza ne pArva bratIndra ko cauvIsaveM tIrthakaroM kI pUjana hetu 'mArahalli' nAma kA eka gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| ataeva inakA samaya vi0 saMmbat 1230 hai| aura guNabhadra kA samaya isase 30 varSa pahale mAnA jAya to bhI vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI kA antimacaraNa ho sakatA hai|' (dekho, jainalekha saM0 bhA0 110385) karNapArya-ke kaNNaya, karNaya, aura kaNNamaya mAdi nAmAntara haiN| ye nAma isake granthoM meM jagaha-jagaha pAye jAte haiN| kile kala durga ke svAmI govardhana yA gopana rAjA ke vijayAditya, lakSmaNa yA lakSmI ghara varSamAna aura zAnti nAma ke cAra putra the| inameM se kavi lakSmIdhara kA prAzrita thaa| isa kavi ke banAye hae neminAtha purANa, vIreza carita aura mAlatI mAdhava ye tIna grantha batAye jAte haiN| parantu isa samaya ke bala neminAtha purANa hI upalabdha hai| isameM 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA carita varNita hai| grantha meM 14 pAzvAsa haiM aura vaha campU rUpa hai| prazasti se jJAta hotA ki une kavi ne lakSmIdhara kI preraNA se banAyA hai| isameM lakSmIdhara rAjA kI aura kRSNa ko samatA batalA kara stuti kI hai / lakSmIdhara ke guru nemicandra muni the, aura kavi ke guru kalyANa kIti the| kalyANa kIti maladhAra gaNAcandra ke ziSya aura meSacandra vidyadeva ke-jo san 1115 meM mRtyu ko prApta hue haiN| satIrtha yA sahapAThaH / guNacandra bhuvanakamalla rAjA 1166 se 1067 taka ) ke samaya meM unake guru the| kavitA sugama aura lalita hai| rudrabhaTTa (1280 aNDavya (1235) maMgarasa 1506) aura doDuyya prAdi kaviyoM ne isakI prazasA kI hai| (karnATaka jainakavi) zrutakIti-(paMcavastu vyAkaraNa grantha ke kartA)nAnda saMgha kI gurvAvalI meM zrutakIrti ko vaiyAkaraNa bhAskara likhA hai| zrutakIti kI guru paramparA jJAta nahIM hai| aura ukta vyAkaraNa graMtha meM kartA kA nAma nahIM hai| anya ke pAMcave patra meM zrutakIti nAma pAyA hai| jisase mAlama hotA hai ki ve vyAkaraNa graMtha ke racayitA haiM: "yAma-dara-varNa-kara-caraNAdInAM saMdhInAM bahUnAM saMbhavatvAt saMzayAnaH ziSyaH sa pracchatisma-kassandhiriti / sajJAsvara prakRtilaja visarga janmA sandhistu itItya mihAharanye / tatra svara prakRti halja vikalpato'smin saMdhi vighA kathayati thtkotiraayH|" kanar3I bhASA ke 'candraprabha carita' nAmaka graMtha ke kartA pragala kavi ne zrutakIrti ko apanA guru batalAyA hai| "idu paramapurunAthakulabhUbhRta samudbhUta prabacana saritsarinnAtha-zrutakIrti vidya cakravarti pada pAnidhAna dIpati zrImadagala deva viracite candraprabhacarite-" ityAdi / yaha candraprabha carita zaka saM0 1011 (vi.saM. 1146) meM bana kara samApta huA hai| ataeva yaha zrutakIti vidya cakravartI vikrama kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| vRtti vilAsa vRtti vilAsa--yaha amarakIrti ke ziSya the| isake do graMthoM kA dharma parIkSA aura zAstra sAra kA-patA calatA hai| dharma parIkSA, amitagatikRta saMskRta dharma parIkSA ke AdhAra se banAI hai| isako racanA bahuta hI sarala aura sundara hai / isake gadya-padya maya daza prAzvAsa haiM / prArambha meM vardhamAna svAmI kI stuti kI hai, phira siraparameSThI, yakSa yakSiNI aura sarasvatI ko namaskAra kara kevaliyoM se lekara vitIya hemadeva taka gurumoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai / graMtha ke anta meM nimna puSpikA vAkya diyA hai:--vinamadamaramukuTataTaghaTitamaNigaNamarIci majarI pujaraMjita 1 vidya. zrutakIkhyio vaiyAkaraNa bhaaskrH|

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bArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, bhAcArya 336 pAdaravinda bhagavadarhatyaramezvaravadanavinirgata zrutAmbhodhivarddhana sudhAkare zrImadamarakotirAvallavatozvaracaraNa sarasIraha SaTpadavRttivilAsaviracite dharmaparIkSA graMthe-'Adi gadya diyA hai| dusare graMtha zAstrasAra kA kucha bhAga 'prAk kAvyamAlA' nAma kI kanar3I-graMthamAlA meM prakAzita hayA hai| paraMtu pUrA graMtha isa samaya prApya nahIM hai| kavi ne apane graMtha meM apane samaya Adi kA kRcha bhI paricaya nahIM diyA hai| parata kavi ne jina zubhakIti vratI, saiddhAntika mAghanandi yati, bhAnu kIrtiyati, dharmabhUSaNa, amara kIti (kavikA gurU),abhayasUrI, vAdIzvara Adi jainAcAryoM kA stavana kiyA hai| unake samaya kA vicAra karane se isakA samaya 1960 ke lagabhaga nizcita hotA hai| ukta prAcAryoM meM se zubhakIti 1115 meM dibaMgata hone vAle meSacandra ke samakAlIna the| mAghanandi saiddhAntikA samaya 1160 hai bhAnukIrti 1163 meM samAdhistha hone vAle devakIti ke sahapAThI the| abhayasari, ballAla nareza aura cArukIrti paNDita ke samakAlIna the| kyoMki aisA ullekha milatA hai ki abhayasarine ina donoM ko eka bar3I bhArI vyAdhi se mukta karake zravaNa belagola meM nivAsa karAyA thaa| vallAla viSNavardhana rAjA kA bhAI thA aura cArakIrti zrutakIti kA putra thaa| zravaNabelagula ke jaina gurugrAM na 'cArukAti paNDitAcArya' kA pada 1117 ke anaMtara dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isase mAlama hotA hai ki yaha cArukAti zravaNa belagola kA prathama cArukIti paNThita hogaa| zravaNa belagola ke 111 veM zilAlekha meM vizAlakoti ke ziSya zubhakAti, zubhakIti ke ziSya dharmabhUSaNa aura dharmabhUSaNa ke ziSya amarakIti batalAye gaye haiN| aura zubha koti 1115 meM divagata hone vAle meghacandra ke samakAlIna haiM / isaliye zubhakIti ke ziSya dharmabhUSaNa aura praziSya amarakoti kA samaya 1150 ke lagabhaga honA caahiye| zilAlekha kI yaha guru paramparA dharmaparIkSollikhita muruparamparA se barAbara milatI hai| kintu yaha zilA lekha zaka 1265 parighAvisaMvatsara kA hai| ataH samaya vicAraNIya hai| dekho, karnATaka jaina kavi chatrasena-kASThAsaMgha mAtharAnvaya ke vijJAna prAcArya the / jo ucchaNa nagara meM apane vyAkhyAnA se samasta sabhAjanoM ko santuSTa kiyA karate the / ucchaNa nagara meM usa samaya paramAravaMzIya maMDalIka (madanadeva) nAma ke rAjA kA pautra cAmuNDarAja kA bijayarAja putra sthalideza kA zAsaka thA / ukta nagara meM usa samaya bhUpaNa nAmaka eka jaina dhAvaka ne prAdinAtha kA eka manohara jina mandira banavAkara usameM vaSabhanAtha (AdinAtha) kI pratimA ko vi0 saM01166 vaizAkha sudI tIja somavAra san 1109I0 ko pratiSThA sampanna karAI thI / ataH prastuta chatrasenAcArya kA samaya IsA kI11vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa aura 12vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdha hai| sAgaranandI sidvAntadeva sAgaranandI siddhAnta deva-mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha koNDakundAnbaya kolhApura sAmanta basadi se pratibaddha mAdhanandi ke praziSya aura zubhacandravidyadeva ke ziSya the| recirasa senApatine 1200 IsvI ne lagabhaga zravaNa belagola meM zAntinAtha kA mandira banavAyA thaa| kalacuri kula ke sacivottama recarasa ne ballAladeva ke caraNoM meM prAdhaya pAkara Arasiya kere meM sahastrakUTa jinAlaya kI sthApanA kii| bhagavAna ko aSTavidhapUjA, pujArI aura sevako kI AjIvikA tathA mandira kI marammata ke lie rAjA ballAla ne 'handara hallu' grAma prApta karake ukta sAgara mAnTi ko pradAna kiyaa| recasa dvArA sthApita isa sahastrakUTa jinAlaya ke lie jainoM dvArA eka karor3a rupayA ikThA 1. yo mAthurAnvaya nabhasthalatimmamAnorvyAkhyAnaraMjitasamastasabhAjamasya / zrIcchAmena sagurozcaraNAraviMda sevAparobhavaznyamanAH sadeva // 1 // -a\NA zilAlekha ajamera myUjiyam 2. vikrama saMvat 1166 vaizAkha sudI 3 some vRSabhanAthasya pratiSThA / dhIvRSabhanAtha dhAmnaH pratiSThite bhUSaNena bimbamidaM ucchaka nagaresminniha jagato vRSabhanAthasya // 26 arthaNAlekha varSa sahasra yAte paTU paSThayuttara zatena saMyukta / vikrama bhAnoH kAle sthali viSaya bhavati sati vijaya rAjye

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAga 2 kiyA gayA, usase mandira tathA usako cahAra dIvAra banavAI gii| isa jinAlaya ke nirmANa meM 7 karor3a logoM kI sahAyatA hone se isakA nAma 'elkoTi jinAlaya' rakhA gayA / pArasiya kere ke logoM ne zAntinAtha kA eka mandira aura banavAyA thaa| usake prabandha ke liye dAna diyA thaa| jaina lekha saM0bhA0 3 pR0 311 mahanandi mAhanandi-mUlasaMgha dezIgaNa aura pustaka gaccha ke prAcArya mAdhanandi siddhAnta deva ke ziSya the| jo rUpa nArAyaNa vasadi ke AcArya the| zaka saM0 1073 (san 1151) meM kAmagAbuNDa ke dvArA banavAe hue mandira ke, jo pulsaphapura kolhApura) meM rUpanArAyaNa vasadike nAma se prasiddha hai| pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ko praSTa prakArI pUjA ke liye, mandira kI marammata tathA munijanoM ke AhArArtha vijayAdityadeva ne apane mAmA sAmanta lakSmaNa ko preraNA se bhUmikA dAna diyaa| isa kAraNa arhanandi kA samaya IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla hai| -jainalekha saM0 bhA0 21096 mAilla dhavala yaha dravya svabhAva nayacakra ke kartA mAilla dhavala haiN| jo devasena ke ziSya the| unhoMne nayacakra ke kartA devasena garu ko namaskAra kiyA hai aura unheM syAt zabda se yukta sunaya ke dvArA durnaya rUpo daitya ke zarIra kA vidAraNa karane meM zreSTha vIra batalAyA hai / yathA--- siyasadasuNayadugNayadaNubeha-vivAraNekkavaravIraM / taM devaseNadevaM NayacakkayaraM guru Namaha // 423 graMtha kartA ne kunda kundAcArya ke zAstra se sAra grahaNa karake apane aura dUsaroM ke upakAra ke lie dravya svabhAva nayacakra kI racanA kI hai| isa prantha meM 425 gAthAe~ hai / grantha nimna 12 adhikAroM meM vibhAjita hai jaisA ki usakI nimna do gAthAoM se spaSTa hai :-- guNapajjAyA daviyaM kAyA paMcatyi satta taccANi / bhapaNe viNava payatyA pamANa-Naya taha ya NiknevaM / / dasaNaNANacarite kamaso uvyaarbheviyrehi| bavvAsahAvapayAse ahiyArA bArasaviyappA // 6 gaNa, paryAya, dravya, paMcAstikAya, sAtatattva, nau padArtha, pramANa, naya, nikSepa aura upacAra tathA nizcaya naya ke bheda se samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritra / ina bAraha adhikAroM meM dravyAnayoga kA kathana samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| kyoMki jaina simAnta meM chaha dravya pAMca astikAya, saptatatva, aura nau padArtha haiN| gaNa aura paryAyoM kAdhAra dravya hai aura pramANa naya nikSepa jJeyoM ke jAnane ke sAdhana haiN| samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyaka cAritra mokSa ke mArga haiN| isa taraha isa nayacakra meM sabhI zeyoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| mADala dhavala ne 420vIM gAthA meM likhA hai ki dohoM meM racita zAstra ko sunate hI zubhaMkarane haMsa diyA paura bolA-isa rUpa meM yaha pranya zobhA nahIM detA, gAthAoM meM isakI racanA kro| suNiUNa bohasasthaM sigdha hasiUNa sahakaro bhaNaH / espaNa sohA astho gAhAbaMdheNa taM bhaNaha // 420 panya katI ne isa dohA bada dravyasvabhAvaprakAzaka nayacakra ko kaba kisane aura kahAM banAyA, isakA koI ullekhanahIM kiyA / dravya svabhAva prakAya ko dohAmoM meM racA huA dekhA, aura use mAilla dhavala ne gAthA baddha kiyaa| vadhvasahAvapayAsaM dohayabaMdheNa prAsi jaM vitthtth| saMgAhAvaMdheNa raiyaM mAilla dhavaleNa // 424

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yArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AjArya samaya 341 grantha meM racanAkAla diyA huA nahIM hai / yataH yaha nizcaya karane meM kaThinAI hotI hai ki yaha grantha kaba aura kahA~ racA gayA / purAtAtvika, va lekhAdi sAmagrI bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH grantha ke antaH parIkSaNa dvArA isa samasyA ko sulajhAne kA yatna kiyA jAtA hai| dravya svabhAva prakAzaka nayacakra meM aneka granthakAroM ke padyoM ko uktaM ca vAkya ke sAtha uddhata kiyA gayA hai| aura vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna paM0 AzAdhara jI dvArA iSTopadeza TIkA kA nirmANa saM0 1285 se pUrva ho gayA thA, kyoMki saM0 1285 meM rane jAne vAle jina yajJakalpa ko prazasti meM iSTopadeza TIkA kA ullekha hai / iSTopadeza ke 22 padya kI TIkA ke antargata dravya svabhAva prakAza nayacakra kI 346 vIM gAthA uddhata hai| gahiyaM taM supraNANA pacchA saMveyaNeNa bhAvijjA | jo hu suya mavalaMba so mujjhai appasambhAve // 146 // cUMki zrAzAvara 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM / ataH dravya svabhAvaprakAza kI racanA saM0 1285 se pUrva huI hai| vaha usake bAda kI racanA nahIM hai / ekatva saptati ke Adi prakaraNoM ke kartA muni padmanandi hai| unakI ekatva saptati ke padma aneka vidvAnoM ne uddhRta kiye haiN| eka saptati ke do pacoM ko malavArI deva ne niyamasAra kI TIkA meM (gAthA 51 - 55 meM) tathA coktamekatvasaptatI nAmollekha ke sAtha ekatva suptati kA 76 vAM padma, aura 100va gAthA kI TIkA meM ( 36-41) padyoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| padmaprabha maladhArI deva kA svargavAsa vi saM0 1242 meM huA thA / ataH padmanandi kI ekatva saptati saM0 1242 se pUrva banakara pracAra meM A cukI thI / isa ekatva saptati kI eka kanar3I TIkA hai jisake kartA pradhanandivatI hai jinakI 3 upAdhiyA~ pAI jAto haiN| paMDita deva, vratI aura muni | yaha zubhacandra rAddhAnta deva ke praya ziSya the aura unake vidyA guru the kanakanandi paNDita | padmanandi muni ne amRtacandra kI bacana candrikA se prAdhyAtmika vikAsa prApta kiyA thA aura nimbarAja nRpati ke sambodhanArthaM ekatva saptati kI kanar3I vRtti racI thii|" prastuta nimbarAja zilAhAra vaMzIya gaNDarAditya nareza ke sAmanta the / unhoMne kolhApura meM apane adhipati ke nAma se 'rUpanArAyaNa vasadi, nAmaka jaina mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA / tathA kArtika vadi 5 zaka saM0 1058 ( vi0 saM0 1163 ) meM kolhApura meM miraja ke Asa-pAsa ke grAmoM kA Apane dAna diyA thaa| ekatvasaptati ke karttA padyanandi aura kanar3I vRtti ke karttA padmanandi vratI donoM bhinna bhinna vidvAna haiM / padmanandi paMcavizatikA ke kartA padmanandi vikrama kI 12vIM ke pUrvArdha ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| ataH dravyasvabhAva prakAza nayacakra ke kartA mAilla dhavala 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhyakAla ke vidvAna honA cAhiye / kumudacandra kumudacandra nAma ke aneka vidvAna prAcArya ho gae haiN| unameM kalyANa mandira stotra ke racayitA bhinna kavi haiM / 1. zrI dhanandivRti nirmite yam ekaravasaptatyakhilArtha pUrtiH // vRttizviraM nimyanRpa prabodhalabdhAtmavRtti jaMyatAM jagatyAm / svasti zrI candrarAddhAntadevApraziSye kanakanandipaNDitavAsmi vikasitakumudAnanda zrImada amRtacandra candrikonmIlitane trotpalAvalokitAzeSAdhyAtmatatvavedinA padmanandimuninA zrImajjainasudhAvdhivardhanakarA pUrNendurArAti vIra zrIpatinimbarAjAvabodhanAya kRtakatvasaptateva' siriyam - tajjJAH saMpravadanti saMtatamiha zrIpadmanandi vratI, kAmadhvaMsaka ityalaM tadamRta teSAM vacarasarvathA aMgrejI prastAvanA padmanandi paMcavizati pu0 17

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342 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 pATha karate cApa digambara padyAnuvAda kalyANa mandira stotra pArzvanAtha kA stavana hai| isa kA AdivAkya 'kalyANa mandira' se zuru hone ke kAraNa yaha stotra kalyANamandira ke nAma se prasiddha ho gayA hai| prastuta stavana meM 44 padya haiN| una meM 43 padya vasantatilakA chanda meM aura antima padya pAryAvRtta meM haiN| isameM tevIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| yaha stavana digambara zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM mAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi digambaroM meM isa stotra kI bar3I bhArI mAnyatA hai| sabhI strI puruSa bAlaka vAlikAeM isakA nitya pATha karate dekhe jAte haiN| anekoM ko yaha stavana kaNThastha hai| aura anekoM ko paM0vanArasIdAsa kRta hindI padyAnuvAda kaNThastha hai| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM kalyANamandira stotra kA kartA siddhasena divAkara ko batalAyA gayA hai aura unakA apara nAma kumudacandra mAnA gayA hai / siddhasena divAkara kA dUsarA nAma kumudacandra prAcIna itihAsa se siddha nahIM hotA aura na unhoMne kahIM apane isa dvitIyanAma kA koI ullekha hI kiyA hai| parantu arvAcIna kucha granthakAroM ne unakA apara nAma kumuda candra gar3ha liyA hai / jisakA itihAsa se koI samarthana nahIM hotA kintu kalyANa mandira stotra ke viSayavarNana se kaI bAteM zvetAmbara sampradAya ke pratikUla pAI jAtI haiN| zvetAmbara sampradAya meM tIrthaMkara ke azoka vRkSa, siMhAsana, camara aura chatra traya ye cAraprAtihArya mAne gae haiN| unake bhaktAmara stotra pATha meM bhI cAra hI pratihArya svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| zeSa dundubhi, puSpavRSTi, bhAmaMDala aura divya-dhvani chor3a diye gaye haiN| ina pATha pratihAryoM kA pAyA jAnA ukta sampradAya ko viparIta hai| dUsare stotra meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke vairI kamaTha ke jIva zambara yakSendra dvArA kiye gaye bhayaMkara upasargoM kA 'prAgbhAraMsa bhUt' nabhAMsi rajAMsi roSAt nAmaka 31veM padya se 33 veM padya taka varNana hai, jo digambara paramparA ke anukUla aura zvetAmbara paramparA kI mAnyatA ke pratikUla hai| kyoMki digambarAcArya yativRSabha kI tiloya paNpatti' kI 1620 naM0 kI gAthA meM- 'sattama tevIsaMtima sisthayarANaM ca ubasaggo' vAkya se sAtava, tevIsaveM aura antima tIrthakara ke sopasarga hone kA ullekha hai| kintu zvetAmbara sampradAya meM antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko chor3akara zeSa teIsa tIrthakaroM ko nirupasarga mAnA gayA hai jaisA ki AcAMrAga niyukti kI nimna gAthA se spaSTa hai: sasi tavo kamma niruvasAMta vaNiyaM jiNANaM / navaraM tu balamANassa sovasagaM muNeyavyaM / / 276 isase spaSTa hai ki pArzvanAtha kA sopasargI honA zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke viruddha hai| aisI sthiti meM siddhasena divAkara ko isa stotra kA racayitA mAnanA kisI taraha bhI saMgata nahIM hai| cittaur3a ke di0 jaina kItistaMbha ko zvetAmbara banAne ke aneka prayatna kiye gye| saMbhavata: zvetAmbara paramparA ke sAdhuoM dvArA isa taraha kI itihAsa viruddha aneka ghaTanAeM gar3hI gaI haiN| jo apramANika haiN| prastuta kumudacandra ke haiM jinakA gujarAta ke jayasiMha siddharAja kI sabhA meM vi0 saM0 1181 meM zvetAmbarIya vidvAna vAdisUri deva ke sAtha vAda huA thA / usa samaya se hI saMbhavataH zvetAmbara sampradAya meM usakA pracAra hayA jAna par3atA hai| saMbhavataH isa stotra kI racanA 12vIM zatAbdI meM huI ho, kyoMki vAdideva mUri se kumudacandra kA vAda isI zatAbdI meM huA thaa| yaha to prAya: nizcita hai ki kalyANamandira bhaktAmara stotra ke bAda kI racanA hai| 1. siddhasenasya dIkSA kAle 'kumudacandra' iti nAmAsIt / sUriSade punaH 'siddhasena divAkara iti nAma prpdye| tadA divAkara iti sUriH sNjnyaa| - prabandha koza-siMdhI jaina jJAnapITha dAnti niketana san 1935 10, vRddhavAdi siddhasena divAkara prabandha pR016 dekho. anekAnta varSa 6 kiraNa 11 pR. 415 2. janmAntare'pi tada pAda yuga na deva ! manye mayA mahita mIhitadAnadakSam / teneha janmani munIza ! parAbhavAnAM, jAto niketanamahaM mathitAza yAnAm // 36 -kalyANa mandira stotra

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya stadhana kitanA bhAvapUrNa evaM sarasa hai ise batalAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai pAThakagaNa usakI mahattA se svayaM paricita jinendra ke guNoM meM anuroga honA bhakti hai--'guNeSu anurAgo bhakti' / hAM bhakti ke aneka prakAra haiN| ve saba prakAra sakAmA niSkAmA bhakti meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| bhakta jaba vItarAga ke guNoM kA anurAgI hotA hai / taba usakA hRdaya bhagavata guNAnurAga se sarAbora rahatA hai, usa samaya use kisI bhI vastu kI cAha nahIM hotI, vaha to kevala bItarAga bhAva meM saMlagna rahatA hai| yaha usakI niSkAmA bhakti hai, jo karma kSaya meM sAdhaka hotI hai| bhakta jaba kisI vAMchA se bhagavAna ke guNa gAna karatA hai taba usakI abhilASA icchita padArtha kI prApti kI aura hotI hai, vaha bAhya meM stavana karatA hai, hAtha jor3atA hai, vinaya karatA hai kintu prAntarika bhAvanA aihika icchA kI pUti ko mora rahatI hai| isI kA nAma sakAmA bhakti hai, Ajakala isake rUpa meM bhI parivartana ho gayA hai / isa bhakti se jitane aMza meM vizuddhi hotI hai utane aMza meM karma nirjarA aura puNNakA baMdha hotA hai| kavi kahatA hai ki he deva ! mujhe aisA laga rahA hai ki janmAntara meM maiMne manavAMchita phala dene vAle Apa ke caraNa kamaloM kI pUjA nahIM kI, isI se he munoza ! maiM isa bhava meM hRdaya bhedI tiraskAroM kA niketana huA huuN| yadi maiMne janmAntara meM Apake caraNoM kI pUjA kI hotI to mujhe vizvAsa hai ki merI ApadA avazya Tala jaatii| prAkariNato'pi mahito'pi nirIkSito'pi, nanaM na cetasi mayA viSaptosi bhktyaa| jAto'smi tena jana bAndhava daHkhapAtraM yasmArikrayA pratiphalanti na bhAva zUnyAH // 38 he nAtha ! maiMne ApakA caritra sunA, Apake caraNoM kI pUjA bhI kI, Apake darzana bhI kiye, kintu nizcaya se maiMne bhakti se Apako hRdaya meM dhAraNa nahIM kiyA hai, usase maiM duHkha kA pAtra humA hUM; kyoMki bhAva zUnya kriyAeM phalavatI nahIM hotii| kavi bhagavAna kI bhakti ko samasta duHkhoM kA nAzaka mAnatA hai: svaM nAtha ! daHkha jana-vatsala he zaraNya, kAhaNya-puNya-vazate zinAM vareNya / bhaktyA nate mayi maheza! dayAM vidhAya, duHkhAkuroilanatatparatAM vidhehi| he nAtha! pApa dIna dayAla, zaraNAgata pratipAla, karuNAnidhAna yogIndra aura mahezvara haiN| prataH bhakti se mamrIbhUta mujha para dayA karake mere duHkhAMkuroM ko nAza karane meM tatparatA kiijie| kavi apane ArAdhya ke zIla para mugdha hai. usakA vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAna kI bhakti vipattiyoM ko dUra karane vAlI hai| hatini tvayi vibho ! zithilIbhavanti jantoH kSaNena nibiDA api karma-dhandhAH / satho bhujaMgamamayA iva madhya-bhAga--- mammAgate cana-zikhaNDimi candanasya // he prabho! Apake hRdaya vartI hone para kamoM ke bandhana usI taraha zithila par3a jAte haiM jisa taraha candana ke vRkSa para mayUra ke Ane para sapo ke bandhana DhIle par3akara nIce khisakane lagate haiM / isa padya meM kavi ne upamAlaMkAra dvArA . pArAdhya ke prabhAva ko vyakta kiyA hai| paM0 banAsIdAsa kRta isakA padyAnuvAda bhI dRSTavya hai : tuma mAvasa bhavijana mana mAMhi, karmanibaMdha zithila ho jAMhi / jyoM candanasaruvohimora, rahibhajaMgalakheM bahamora / / isa taraha yaha stavana atizaya sundara bhAvapUrNa aura sarasa hai / kumudacandra kI yaha kRti mahatvapUrNa hai| zrIcandra yaha kundakundAnvaya dezIgaNa ke prAcArya sahastra kIrti ke praziSya aura vIracandra ke ziSya the| sahasrakIrti ke guru zrutakIrti aura praguru zrIkIti the| sahasrakIti ke (devacanda, vAsavamuni, udayakIti, zubhacandra,

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344 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 aura vIracandra) pAMca ziSya the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke madhya bhAga se lekara 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha taka hai| kavi zrIcandra ne apane ko muni paMDita aura kavi vizeSaNoM ke sAtha ullekhita kiyA hai| kavi kI do racanAeM upalabdha haiN| kathAkoSa praura ralakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra / kathAkoSa-kavi kI prathama kRti jAna par3atI hai / kathAkoza meM prepana sandhiyAM haiM, jinameM vividha vratoM ke anuSThAna dvArA phala prApta karane vAloM ko kathAoM kA rocaka DhaMga se saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| kathAeM sundara aura sukhada haiN| grantha ke prArambha meM maMgala aura pratijJA nAma ke anantara prayAH / ra mahate haiM ki maiMne isa andha meM vahI kahA hai jise gaNadhara ne rAjA zreNika yA bimbasAra se kahA thA, athavA zivakoTi munIndra ne bhagavatI pArAdhanA meM jisa taraha udAharaNasvarUpa aneka kathAnoM ke saMkSipta rUpa prastuta kiye haiN| usI taraha guru krama se aura sarasvatI ke prasAda se maiM bhI apanI buddhi ke anusAra kahatA huuN| mulArAdhanA meM svarga aura prapavarga ke sukha sAdhana kA athavA dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa rUpa puruSArtha catuSTaya kA-gAthAoM meM jo artha pUpita kiyA gayA hai usI prathaM ko maiM kathAmoM dvArA vyakta karUMgA, kyoMki sambandha vihIna kathana guNavAnoM ko rasa pradAna nahIM karatA, ataeva gAthAoM kA prakaTa artha kahatA hU~ tuma suno| granthakAra ne deha-bhogoM ko prasAratA ko vyakta karate hue aindrika sukhoM ko sukhAbhAsa batalAyA hai| sAtha hI dhana-yauvana aura zArIrika saundayaM vagairaha ko anitya batalAkara mana ko viSaya-vAsanA ke AkarSaNa se haTane kA sundara evaM zikSAprada upadeza diyA hai aura jinhoMne unako jIta kara prAtma-sAdhanA kI hai unakI kathA bastu hI prastuta grantha kA viSaya hai| ina kathAnoM dvArA kavi ne mAnava hRdaya meM nirvedabhAva utpanna karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| prastuta kathAkoza aura hariSeNa kI kathAoM meM atyadhika samAnatA hai, zrIcandra ne usase paryApta sahayoga liyA hai| kavi ne grantha meM vaMzastha, samAnikA, paddhar3iyA, haDaDa, (dohA) mAlinI, malillaha prAdi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| ina chandoM meM saMskRta ke varNavRttoM kA prayoga huyA hai| jaisA ki nimna udAharaNa se spaSTa hai: "viviha rasarasAle, NayakoUhalAle / laliyavayaNamAle, prasthasaMdohasAle / bhuvaNa-viviva-NAme, savvadoso basAme baha khalu kahakose, sundare viNatose // " yaha saMskata kA mAlinI chanda hai| isameM pratyeka paMkti meM 5 aura7 akSaroM ke bAda yati krama se 15 akSara hote haiN| kavi ne pratyeka paMkti ko do bhAgoM meM vibhaktakara yati ke sthAna para aura paMkti ko samApti para antyAnuprAsa kA prayoga kara chanda ko navIna rUpa diyA hai| saurASTradeza praNahilapura meM prasiddha prAgvATa vaMza ke nInAnvaya kula meM samutpanna sajjanottama sajjana nAma kA eka zrAvaka thA, jo dharmAtmA thA aura mUlarAja nRpendra kI goSThI meM baiThatA thaa| apane samaya meM vaha dharma kA eka prAdhAra thA usakA kRSNa nAma kA eka putra thA aura jayantI nAma kI eka putrI thI / jo dharma karma meM nirata, janaziro 1. gaNahara ho payAsiu jiraNavaiNA, seriNaya ho bhAsi gaNavaiyA / / sivakoDi muriNada jemajae, kaha kosu kahiu paMcama sme| tiha guru kameNa aha madi kahami, niyabuddhi visesu neva rahami / mahu devi sarAsai sammuhiyA, saMbhavau samastha loya mahiyA / AbhaNNaho mUlArAhaNahe, saggApavagga musAharaNaheM / gAhaM sariyAu susohaNau, bahu kahau asthi raMjiya jaNau / dhammaratha kAma mokkhAvAsapau, gAhAsu jAsu saMThiyau ta / tANatyaM maNiUNa purau, puNu kahami kahAu kathAyaraja / pattA-saMbaMdha vihUNu savyu vi jAgarasu na dei guNavantahaM / teNiya gAhAja paDi vi tAu kahAmi kahAu suraNaMtahaM / /

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 345 maNI paura dAnAdi dvArA caturvidha saMghakA saMyopaka thaa| usakI 'rANa' nAmaka sAdhvI patnI se tIna putra aura cAra putriyAM utpanna huI thiiN| vIjA, sAhanapAla aura sADhadeva ! thI, zRMgAradevI, sundu aura sokha, / inameM se sundu yA sundikA vizeSarUpa se jaina dharma ke pracAra aura uddhAra meM ruci rakhatI thii| kRSNa kI santAna ne apane karma kSaya ke hetu kathAkoza kI vyAyA kgii| kartA bhabyoM kI prArthanA se pUrva prAcArya kI kRti kI racanA ko zrIcandra ke sammukha kii| isI kRSNa zrAvaka kI preraNA se kavi ne ukta kathAkoza ko banAyA thaa| prastuta grantha vikrama ko 11voM zatAbdI kI racanA hai| racanA kAla __ kavi zrIcandra ne apanA yaha kathA grantha mUlarAja nareza ke rAjyakAla meM praNahilapura pATana meM samApta kiyA thaa| itihAsa se jJAta hotA hai ki mUlarAja solaMkI ne saM0698 meM cAvaDA vaMzIya apane mAmA sAmantasiMha (bhUyar3a) ko mAra kara rAjya chIna liyA thaa| aura svayaM gujarAta ko rAjadhAnI pATana (praNahilavAr3e) kI gaddI para baiTha gayA / isane vi0 saM0 1017 se 1052 taka rAjya kiyA hai| 1 madhya meM isane dharaNI varAha para bhI car3hA ko thI, taba usane rASTrakUTa rAjA dhavala kI zaraNa lI, aisA dhavala ke vi0 saM0 1053 ke zilAlekha se spaSTa hai| mUlarAja solakI cAlukya rAjA bhImadeva kA pUtra thA, usake tIna putra the mUlarAja, kSemaraja, aura karNa / inameM mUlarAja kA dehAnta apane pitA bhImadeva ke jIvana kAla meM hI ho gayA thA aura antima samaya meM kSemarAja ko rAjya denA cAhA; parantu usane svIkAra nahIM kiyA, taba usane laghuputra karNa ko rAjya dekara sarasvatI nadI ke taTa para sthita maMDUkezvara meM tapazcaraNa karane lgaa| ataH zrIcandra ne apanA yaha kathAkoza san 165 vi0 saM0 1052 meM yA usake eka do varSa pUrva hI san 693 meM banAyA hogaa| ranakaraNDazrAvakAcAra-prastuta grantha svAmI samantabhadra ke ratnakaraNDa nAmaka upAsakAdhyayana rUpa gaMbhIra kRti kA vyAkhyAnamAtra hai| kavi ne isa prAdhAra prantha ko 21 saMdhiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| jisako prAnamAnika eloka saMkhyA cAra hajAra cAra sau aTThAIsa batalAI gaI hai / kathana ko puSTa karane ke liye aneka udAharaNa aura vratA caraNa karane vAloM ko kathAnoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| gahasthoM ke AcAra viSaya ko kathAnoM ke mAdhyama se vizada kiyA gayA hai jisase jana sAdhAraNa usako samajha sakeM aneka saMskRta padya bhI uddhata kiye haiN| kavi ne grantha meM eka sthala para apabhraMza ke kucha chandoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| paraNAla, thAvaliyA, caccari, rAsaka, vatthu, aDila, paddhaDiyA, dohA, upadohA, dubaI, helA, gAthA, upagAthA, dhruvaka, khaMDaka urakhaMDaka aura pattA Adi ke nAma diye haiM yathA chaMdaNiyAraNAla prAvaliyaryAha, baccari rAsaya rAsahi laliyAha / vatyu pravatthu jAha visesahi, aDila maDila paDiyA sahi / bohaya ubadohaya pravabhaMsahita dabaI helA gaahygaahhi| dhuvaya khaMDa uvakhaMDa ya ghahi, samavisamasamehi vidhishi| prazasti meM harinandi munIndra, samantabhadra, akalaMka, kulabhUSaNa, pAdapUjya (pUjyapAda) vidyAnandi, mananta samA 1. ye mUlAdhudamUlapada gurubala: zrI mUlarAja nRpo, dandhio gharaNIvarAha nRpati yad vipaH pAvapam / AyAtaM bhumikAdi zoka mabhiko yastaM zaraNapo dii| daMSTrAyAmiSarUDhamahimA kolo mahI maNDalam // -ipi prAjhiyA iMDikA ji.pR. 21 2. dekho, rAmapUtAnekA itihAsa dusarA saMskaraNa bhA.1.241 3. dekho, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa prathama jida dUsarA saM0 pR. 192

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346 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 vIrya, varaSeNa, mahAmati vIrasena, jinasena, vihaMgasena, guNabhadra, somarAja caturmukha, svayaMbhU, puSpadanta zrIharSa aura kAlidAsa nAma ke pUrvavartI vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kavi svayaM apanI racanA meM dhAraNAla, dubaI (12-3) jaMbhidiyA uvakhaMDayaM gAthA aura madanAvatAra chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, kintu graMtha meM pradhAnatA paddhaDiyA kI hai| kavi ne rayaNakaraMDasAvayAyAra kI racanA saM0 1123 meM karNa narendra ke rAjyakAla meM zrIvAlapura meM samApta kI thii| yaha karNa deva vahI karNa deva jJAta hote haiM jo rAjA bhImadeva ke laghu putra the / aura jinakA rAjyakAla prabandha cintAmaNi ke karttA meru tuMraMga ke anusAra saM0 1120 se 1139 taka unnIsa varSa prAya mahInA aura ikkIsa dina mAnA jAtA hai| ina donoM racanAoM ke pratirikta kavi kI anya racanAeM anveSaNIya haiM, grantha abhI aprakAzita hai / candrakIrti aura unake (54) hai jo zaka saM0 1050 hai, jisa dina muni malliSeNa ne malliSeNa se saMbhavataH 25 varSa cAhiye / candrakIrtitabindu ke kartA) - grantha 'zrutavindu' kA ullekha malliSeNa prazasti meM pAyA jAtA hai| yaha prazastilekha (san 1125 I0 ) aura vi0 saM0 1985 ko phAlguna vadI tIja ko utkIrNa huA prArAdhanA pUrvaka apane zarIra kA parityAga kiyA thA / candrakIti kA samaya pUrva mAna liyA jAya, to unakA samaya vi0 saM0 1160 ke lagabhaga honA pathaprabha nalavArI ne apanI niyamasAra kI TIkA meM candrakIti ke do padyoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| eka padya pR0 61 meM candrakIrti ke nAmollekha ke sAtha diyA hai sakala karaNagrAmAlaMcA dvimuktamanAkulaM / svahitanirataM zuddhaM nirvANakAraNakAraNam / zamadamamAyAsaM maitrIvayAdama maMdiram / freeafnvaM vandyaM zrIcandrakItimunermanaH // dUsarA padya pR0 142 meM 'tathA coktaM zrutabandI' (vinvI) vAkyoM ke sAtha uddhRta kiyA hai ? jayativijaya doSo'martyamatyeMndramauli pravilasadrumAlAmyacitAMghrijinendraH | vijagadajagato yasye vRzau ya' nuvAte samamiva viSabheSvanyonyavRtiM niSeddham // isase spaSTa hai ki candrakIrti kA 'zrutabindu nAmakA yaha grantha mahilaSeNa aura padyaprabha malAghArI deva ke sAmane maujUda thaa| usake bAda vaha vinaSTa ho gayA / grantha bhaNDAroM meM usakA pranveSaNa honA caahie| isa padya meM batalAyA hai ki jinakA mana sampUrNa indriyoM ke grAmoM rahita hai, jo prAkulatA rahita apane AtmakalyANa meM tatpara haiM / nirvANa ke kAraNabhUta zukladhyAna kI prApti kA kAraNa hai| samatA aura indriya damanatA kA mandira hai / dayA aura jitendriyatA kA ghara hai, upamA rahita aise candrakIti guru kA mana mere dvArA vandyanIya hai / candrakIti nAma ke dUsare vidvAna yaha mAthura saMgha ke vidvAna zrISeNasUri ke dIkSita ziSya the| jo paNDitoM meM pradhAna aura vAdirUpI vana ke liye kRzAnu (agni) the / 'candrakIrti taparUpI lakSmI ke nivAsa, arthijana samUha kI prAzA pUrI karane vAle tathA 1. rAmAra tevIsAvAsasayA vikkamasta mahi vaNo / jadayA gayA taiyA samAtie suMdara rahayaM // kaSNarinda ho rajjahi siri siribAlapuramma vRhadeM / - bAlapura mahi siriyaM rava ke eka gaMdau kabvu jayaMNidaM 2. candrakIrti ne apane ziSyoM para anukampA karake zrutavindu grantha kI racanA kI thii| dekho, zilAlekha kA 32 vAM padma) 3. siri sUri paMDiya pahANu, taho sIsuvAi kAraNa - kisAe / --- SaTkarmopadeza prazasti, jaina grantha pra0 saM0 nA0 214

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya dUsare paravAdirUpa hAthiyoM ke liye mRgendra (siMha) the / jaisA ki 'SaT karmopadeza' ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai puNu vivakhataho tayasari NivAsa asthiyaNa-saMgha buha-pUriyAsu / paravAi kuMbhi dAraNa mahaMDu sirizcanvakisi jAyaumuNi // inhIM ke choTe sahodara gaNi zramarakIrti unake ziSya hue the / zramarakIrti ne apanA SaTkarmopadeza aura neminAtha carita saM0 1247 aura 1244 meM banA kara samApta kiyA thA / ataH inakA samaya bhI vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA dvitIya caraNa honA cAhiye, yaha IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the / 247 candrakIti tIsare candrakIti nUla saMgha vaizikavaNa ke vidvAna pacalaviSaya kIrti ke ziSya kalayugagaNadhara malabArI bAlacaMdra rAula ke putra candrakoti ne san 1298 IsavI meM svargalAbha kiyA / hegore ke bhavya logoM ke agrathiyoM ne ukta muni kI svarga prApti ke upalakSa meM smAraka banAyA / (EC. XII chik Nayakan Hallite No 24 jaina lekha saM0 bhAga 3 lekha naM0 545 pR0 383 candrakIti cauthe candrakIti-kASThA saMgha nandi taTa gaccha aura vidyAgaNa ke bhaTTAraka the| yaha IDara gaddI ke bha0 vidyAbhUSaNa ke praziSya aura bha0 zrIbhUSaNa ke ziSya the| IDara kI gaddI ke paTTa sthAna sUrata DUMgarapura, sAjiyA prAra kallola Adi pradhAna pradhAna nagaroM meM the| unameM se bha0 candrakIti kisa sthAna ke paTTadhara the| yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| para itanA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve IDara ke Asa-pAsa ke sthAna ke bhaTTAraka rahe haiN| yaha vidvAna hone ke sAtha kavi bhI the, zrIra pratiSThAdi kAryoM meM dakSa the| inhoMne aneka mandira aura mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA karavAI thii| inakI aneka kRtiyAM upalabdha haiM / saMskRta ke atirikta hindI meM bhI aneka racAnaeM pAI jAtI haiM / yaha 17 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM / inhoMne pArzva purANa kI racanA saM0 1654 meM kI haiN| Rdeva purANa padma purANa, paMcamerU pUjA grAdi racanAeM inakI kahI jAtI hai / mAghanandi siddhAnta deva prastuta mAgha nandi siddhAntadeva mUla saMgha kundakundAnvaya desiyagaNa aura pustaka gaccha ke siddhAnta vidyA nidhi kulacandra deva ke ziSya the, jo paMNDitajanoM ke dvArA sevya aura cAritra cakrezvara the| yaha kollApura tIrtha kSetra ke karttA the / ataeva kolhApurIya kahalAte the / yaha kollApura (kSullakapura) ke nivAsI the / yaha mAghanandi 1. sadvRttaH kulacandradeva munipa ssiddhAnta vidyAnidhiH | tanyio'jani mAghanandri munipaH kollApure tIrthaka-- drAddhAntAMva pArago'calaghu tizcAritra cakrezvaraH // -- jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 0 naM0 400 24 nagara hai| zilAlekhoM aura grantha prazastiyoM meM isakA nAma 'hallakapura, usake Asa-pAsa ke aneka di0 jaina mandira banAye gaye haiN| aneka jana 2. kolhApura dakSiNa mahArASTra kA eka zaktizAlI milatA hai| yaha jainadharma kA kendra rahA hai| kolhApura aura mandira isa samaya vaiSNava sampradAya ke adhikAra meM haiN| yaha digambara samAja kA mahAn vidyApITha thaa| isameM svAgI muniyoM ke atirikta sAmanta aura rAjapuruSa bhI zikSA prApta karate the| isa para azvabhRtya kadamba, rASTrakUTa, cAlukya aura zilAhAra rAjAo ne rAjya kiyA hai| 12vIM zatAbdI meM cAlukyoM se zilAhAroM ne rAjya chIna liyA thaa| zilAhAra nareza jainadharma ke upAsaka the| inameM mArasiMha gulagaGgadeva, bhoja, ballAkha, gaNDArAditya, vijayAditya aura dvitIya bhoja nAma ke pratApI zAsaka hue haiN| inakA rAjya san 10.75 se 1126 I0 taka rahA hai| isa samaya bhI yahA~ para bhaTTArakIya maTha maujUda hai| ina rAjAoM se jaMnamandiroM ko aneka dAnaprApta hue haiN|

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340 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 kolhApura kI rUpanArAyaNa vasati (mandira) ke pradhAnAcArya the| 334 naM. ke zilAlekha meM ina mAghanandi siddhAMta deva ko kundakundAnvaya kA sUrya batalAyA hai / inake aneka ziSya the| apane samaya ke bar3e hI prabhAvazAlI vidvAna the / rUpanArAyaNa vasadi ke atirikta anya aneka jinAlayoM ke bhI prabaMdhaka the / rUpanArAyaNa vasadi kA nirmANa sAmanta nimbadeva ne karAyA thaa| nimyadeva jaina dharma kA pakkA anuyAyo thaa| usane rUpanArAyaNa basadi kA nirmANa karAkara apanA dharma prema prakaTa kiyA thaa| mAghanandi saiddhAntika inake cAritra guru the| san 1135 I0 meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA maMdira bhI banavAyA thaa| inake sAmanta kedAranAkarasa, sAmanta kAmadeva aura camUpati bharata bhI ziSya the inakI ziSya paramparA meM aneka vidvAna hae haiN| mAdhanandi saiddhAntika ke pada ziSya gaNDavimukta deva siddhAnta deva the / anya ziSya kanakanandi, candrakIti, prabhAcandra pahanandi aura mANikyanaMdi the| ye sabhI ziSya acche vidvAna the| mANDalika goMka-jaina dharma kA pakkA zraddhAnI aura anuyAyI thaa| teradAla ke jaina maMdira meM prApta zilA lekha se goMkakI jaina dharma ko dRr3ha pratIti kA spaSTa pramANa milatA hai| lekha meM batalAyA hai ki paMcaparameSThI ke smaraNa mAtra se goMka kA viSadUra hogayA thaa| goMka ne teradAla meM neminAtha kA maMdira banavAyA thA aura usake prabandha ke liye tathA jaina sAdhuoM ko AhAradAna dene ke liye bhUmidAna diyA thA yaha dAna raTTa nareza kArtivIrya (dvitIya) ke zAsana kAla meM apanI rAnI vAcaladevI, jo inhIM mAdhanandi kI ziSyA thI, dvArA nirmApita goMka jinAlaya ke neminAtha ke liye zaka saM0 1045(san 1123 I0)ko mAghanandi saMddhAntika ko diyA thaa| __gaNDa vimukta deva ke eka chAtra senApati bharata aura dUsare ziSya bhAnukIrti aura devakIti the| gaNDavimukta deva ke sagharmA zrutakIti vidya muni the, jinhoMne vidvAnoM ko bhI cakita karane vAle anuloma-pratilomakAvya rAghava-pANDavIya kAvya kI racanAkara nirmalakIti prApta kI thI aura devendra jaise vipakSa vAdiyoM ko parAsta kiyA thaa| inakA samaya zaka saM01045 (san 1123 I0) se 1065 (san 1143 I0) hai yaha bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiN| vevakoti devakIti mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaya dezIya gaNa aura pustaka gaccha ke vidvAna mAghanandi saiddhAntika ke praziSya paura gaNDa vimuktadeva ke ziSya the| advitIya kavi 'tAkika,vaktA aura maNDalAcArya the| inake sanmukha sAMkhya, cArvAka, naiyAyika, vedAntI aura bauddha Adi jainetara dArzanika vidvAna apanI hAra mAnate the| inake aneka ziSya the| kintu paTTadhara ziSya devacanda paNDita deva the| inake sagharmA mAghanandi vidya, zubhacandra vidya, gaNDavimukta caturmukha paura rAmacandra vidya the / deva kIti ke paTTadhara ziSya devacandra paMDita deva ko, jo kollApurIya vasadi ke the, zaka sa0 1106 san 1184 I0 ko bharatiyayya daNDanAtha aura bAhubalI daNDanAtha ne dAna diyA thaa| 3. zrI musasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha adhipateH zullakapura zrI rUpanArAyaNa jinAlayAcAryasya zrImAn mAdhandi siddhAnta devasya.........." --epi bhAphikA iMDikA bhA0 3 10 208 4. zrI mUlasaMpa dezIgaNa-pustakagaccha zullakapura zrI rUpanArAyaNa-tyAlayasyAcAryaH / zrI mApanandi siddhAMta devo vizva mahI ssutaH / kulacandra muneH ziSyaH kundakundAnvayAMzumAn // -jaina lekha saM0 mA 300 334 pR065 5. dekho, na mekha saM0 mA010 4.10 27 1. dekho, bana lekha saM0bhA0 2 sekhana0 280 7. jaina lesa saM. mA0 3 lekha naM. 414 6.bana lekha saM0bhA0 110 26 1.jaina lekha saM0 mA 3 le0 naM. 411

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vyAkhavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 346 devakIti kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1085 san 1963 subhAnusaMvatsara ASADha zuklA navamI budhavAra ko sUryodaya ke samaya huA thA / inakA samara san 1040 se 196: I. ! ti rAIsA kI 12voM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM / yAdava vaMzI nareza narasiMha prathama ke maMtrI huslapa ne niSadyA banavAI, aura devakIrti ke zipya lakkhanandi aura mAdhavacandra ne pratiSThita kii| gaNDa vimukta siddhAntadeva yaha mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaya dezIgaNa pustaka gaccha ke kolhApurIya mAghanandi saiddhAntika ke ziSya the| bar3e vidvAna the| zaka saM0 1052 (san 1130 I0) meM mAghanandi ke ziSya gaNDa vimukta siddhAntadeva ko hoyasala nareza viSNubarddhana kI putrI evaM ballAla deva kI baDI bahina rAjakumArI hariyavvarasi ne eka ratna jaTita jinAlaya banavAkara svaguru ko pradAna kiyA thA / aura san 1138 meM inhIM gaNDa vimuktadeva banIza ko dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai|3| inake paTTadhara ziSya devakIti the, aura anya ziSya zubhanandI the / devakIti kA samAdhimaraNa san 1963 I. meM humA thA 3 | inakA samaya san 1135 se 1145 I. taka hai| mANikyanandI yaha mUlasaMgha kundakundAnbaya dezI gaNa pustaka gaccha ke vidvAna mAghanandi saiddhAntika ke ziSya the| kSallakapUra (kolhApura ke zilAhAra nareza vijayAditya ne san 1943 meM mAdhanandi ke gahastha zipya dvArA nirmApita jinAlaya ke liye unake ziSya mANikyanandI ko dAna diyA thA 14 / yaha bhI bar3e vijJAna aura tapasvI the| inakA samaya IsA kI12vIM zatAbdI kA madhyabhAga hai| mAdhavacandra maladhArI yaha bhaTTAraka amRta candra ke guru the / aura jo pratyakSa meM dharma, upazama, dama, kSamA ke dhAraka, tathA indriya aura kaSAyoM ke vijetA the' / inakI prasiddhi 'malaghArI' nAma se thii| maladhArI eka upAdhi thI jo usa samaya kisI-kisI sAdhu sampradAya meM pracalita thii| yaha upAdhi durdhara parISahoM, vividha upasargoM, aura zItauSNa tathA vaSa kI bAdhA sahate hue bhI kaSTa kA anubhava nahIM karate the| pasIne setara batara zarIra hone para dhuli ke kaNoM ke saMsarga se mallina zarIra ko pAnI se dhone yA nahAne jaisI ghora bAdhA ko bhI haMsate haMsate saha lete the| aise RSi puMgava hI ukta upAdhi se alaMkRta kiye jAte the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha jAna par3atA hai| kyoMki inake ziSya amRtacandra kavi siMha ke guru the| kavi siMha ne siddha kavi ke prapUrNa khaNDa-kAvya pajjuNa carija kI prazasti meM bamhaNavADa nagara kA varNana kiyA hai| usa samaya vahAM raNadhArI yA raNadhIra kA putra ballAla thA joparNorAja kA kSaya karane ke lie kAla svarUpa thA kyoMki vaha usakA vairI thaa| jisakA mAMDalika bhRtya yA sAmanta guhila vaMzIya kSatrIya bhullaNa bamhaNavAddha kA zAsaka thaa| 10 baina lekha saM0bhA0 1 le.naM. 39 (63) pR. 11 jaina lekha saM0 bhAga 2 le ne0 293 pR0445 12 jaina lekha saM0bhA0 3 00307 pR0 21 13 jana lekha saM. mA0 1 le0 naM. 360 21 14 jaina lekha saM0bhA0 300 320 pu. 53 1 tA malapAri deva muNi pragama, raNaM paccakkha bhAmu upsmudmu|' mAharacaMda Asi supasibau, jo khama, dama gama-Niyama samidau / -pajjuNNa pariu prazasti

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 guraNabhadra prastuta guNabhadra saMbhavataH mAthura saMgha ke vidvAna the / yaha muni mANikyasena ke praziSya aura nemisena ke divya the| inhoMne apane ko saMjJAnta mithyAtva kAmAnta kRta, syAdvAdAmala ratnabhUSaNa dhara, tathA mithyAnaya dhvaMsaka likhA hai, jisase ve bar3e vidvAna tapasvI mithyAtva aura kAma kA anta karane vAle, saiddhAntika vidvAna the| syAdvAdarUpa nirmala ratnabhUSaNa ke dhAraka tathA mithyA nayoM ke vinAzaka the / 350 inakI eka mAtra kRti 'dhanyakumAra caritra' hai jisameM dhanyakumAra kA jIvana-paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| prastuta grantha unhoMne lamba kaMcuka gotrI sAhu zubhacandra jo suzIla evaM zAnta aura dharma vatsala zrAvaka the / sAhu zubhacandra ke putra balhaNa nAmakA thA 'jo dAnavAna' paropakAra kartA tathA nyAyapUrvaka dhana kA arjana karane vAlA thA, usI dharmAnurAgI balhaNa ke kalyANArthaM dhanyakumAra caritra raca gayA hai| isI se use valhaNa ke nAmAMkita kiyA gayA hai grantha meM kavi ne racanAkAla nahIM diyA kintu unhoMne dhanyakumAra caritra ko bilAsapura ke jinamandira meM baiThakara paramadi ke rAjya kAla meM banAyA thaa| jaisA ki prazasti ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai : zAstra midaM kRtaM rAjye rAjJo zrI paramadinaH / pure vilAsapUrva ca jinAlayavirAjate 35 isa padya meM ullikhita vilAsa pura jhAMsI jilA uttara pradeza kA moTha paraganA meM pacAra yA paThAra meM san 1870 meM isa grAma ke nivAsI vRndAvana nAmaka vyakti ko apane makAna kI nIMva khodate samaya eka tAmra zAsana milA jise usane san 1908 meM sarakAra ko bheMTa kiyaa| isa abhilekhAnusAra kAliMjara nareza paramadideva ( candela paramAla ) ne kezava zarmA nAma ke brAhmaNa ko karigrAma pahala ke antargata vilAsapura nAmaka grAma meM kara vimukta bhUmidAna kI thii| isa karigrAma ko jhAMsI jile ke paraganA moTha meM karagevA nAmaka sthAna se pahicAnA gayA hai-candeloM ke samaya meM yaha sthAna vilAsapura ke nAma se prasiddha thA / prazasti padya meM ullikhita parimAdideva candela vaMzI nareza paramAla haiM, jinakA pRthvIrAja cauhAna se sirasA gar3ha meM, jAlona jile ke uraI nAmaka sthAna ke nikaTa yuddha huA thaa| usameM paramAla kI parAjaya huI thI, phalataH jhAMsI kA ukta pradeza cauhAnoM ke prAdhIna ho gayA thaa| isa yuddha kA ullekha madana pura ke saM0 1226 san 1182 I0 ke lekha meM pAyA jAtA hai / bAda meM kucha pradeza usane vApasa le liyA thA, para jhAMsI jile kA uttarI bhAga prApta nahIM kara sakA / dhanya kumAra carita kI prazasti ke pUrva padya meM ukta vilAsapura ko 'jinAlayavirAjate' vAkya dvArA jinilayoM se zobhita likhA hai| isase vahA~ kaI jaMnamandira rahe hoNge| purAtattvAvazeSoM se jJAta hotA hai ki vahAM eka choTA sA pASANa kA mandira maujUda hai, kintu kAla ke prabhAva se zrAsa-pAsa ko bhUmi UMcI ho gaI hai aura mandira kI chata bhUmitala se 6 phuTa nIce ho gaI hai / anveSaNa karane para vahAM jaina mandiroM kA patA cala sakatA hai| cUMki paramAla kA rAja kAla 1170 se 1982 taka to sunizcita hai / usake bAda bhI rahA hai| dhanya kumAra caritra ukta samaya ke madhya hI racA gayA jAna par3atA hai / 1. AcAra samitI gho dadha vidhe dharma tapaH saMyamam / siddhAntasya gaNAdhipasya guriyanaH ziSyo hi mAnyo'bhavat / saiddhAnto guNabhadra nAma muniyo mithyAtva kAmAntakRt / syAdvAdAmala ratnabhUSa padharo midhyAnayadhvaMsakaH // 3 - dhanya kumAra carita prazasti - 1. yU. pI. DisTikTa gajeTriTiyarsa, bI. vAlyUma (1616, pR0 36, 65-66 tathA DI. vAlyUma 1634 pU0 21 2. epIgrAphimA iNDikA, X, pR0 44-46 / 3. janasandeza zodhAGka 17, 10 akTUbara 1963 kA zoSakaraNa nAmakA DA0 jyotiprasAda kA lekha / 4. dekho kaniSaMma riporTa 10 pU0 68 tathA anekAnta varSa 16 ki0 1-2 meM madhyabhArata kA jaina purAtatva pU0 54

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myArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya mAdhava candravatI prastata mAdhavacandravatI mani devakIrti ke ziSya the| jo advitIya tAkika, kavi banA aura mAlAcAra the| unakI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| inakA stnaa| zakasaM. 105" 1210) puna saMvatsara ASAr3ha zuklA havIM budhavAra ko sUryodaya ke samaya huA thA taba unake ziSya lakkhanandI, mAdhavacandra aura tribhavana mallane inakI niSadyA ko pratiSThita kiyA thA / ataH inakA samaya san 1163 (vi0 saM0 1220) sunizcita hai| yaha IsAkI 12vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the / mAdhavacandra yaha mUla saMgha dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha hanasoge bali ke prAcArya the aura zubhacandra siddhAnta deva ke ziSya the| hoyasala nareza biSNu varddhana ne apane putra ke janmopalakSya meM inheM doragharaTTa jinAlaya (usa samaya jisakA nAma pAzvanAtha jinAlaya kara diyA gayA thA) ke lie prAmAdi dAna diye the| yaha lekha naya kIti siddhAnta cakravato ke ziSya nemicandra paMDita deva ko usI jinAlaya ke lie diyA thA, jo varSa pramAdina ke dAna zAsana meM hai| (epiyA. phiyA ka.5 velUra 10124) mi.lu irAisane isa lekha kA samaya san 1133 I. anumAnita kiyA hai| ata: yaha mAdhavacandra IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdha ke vidvAna haiN| __inhIM mAdhavasana ko zaka sa0 1057 (san 1135 I0) ke lagabhaga viSNuvardhana ke prasiddha daNDanAyaka gaMgarAja ke putra bAppadeva daNDa nAyaka ne apane tAU bammadeva ke putra tathA aneka vastiyoM ke nirmAtA ecirAja kI matyu para unako niSadyA banavAkara unhI dvArA nirmApita vastiyoM ke lie svayaM ecirAja kI patnI kI preraNA para ina mAdhavacandra ko dhArApUrvaka dAna diyA thaa| (dekho, jainalekha saM0 bhA0 1 pR0 268) ki isa lekha kA samaya lagabhaga san 1057 hai| ataH prastuta mAdhavacandra IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| vasunando saddhAntika vasanandI nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| unameM eka vasunandI yogI kA ullekha gyAharavIM sadI ke vidvAna amitagati dvitIya ne bhagavatI ArAdhanA ke anta meM pArAdhanA kI stuti karate hue 'vasunandi yogimahitA' pada dvArA kiyA hai| jisase ve koI prasiddha vidvAna hue haiN| prastuta vasunandI unase bhinna aura pazcAdvatI vidvAna hai| kinta zrI kundakundAcArya kI vaMzaparamparA meM zrInandI nAmake bahuta hI yazasvI guNI evaM siddhAnta zAstra ke pAragAmI prAcArya hue haiN| unake ziSya nayanandI bhI vaise hI prakhyAtakIrti, guNazAlI siddhAnta zAstra ke pAragAmI paura bhavya sayAnandI the| inhIM nayanandI ke ziSya nemicandra the| jo jinAgama samudra ko belA taraMgoM se dhayamAna aura sakala jagata meM vikhyAta the / unhIM nemicandra ke ziSya vasunandI the| jinhoMne apane guru ke prasAda se, prAcArya paramparA se cale prAye hue zrAvakAcAra ko nibaddha kiyA hai| manandI ke nAma se prakAza meM mAne vAlI racanAyoM meM upAsa kA dhyayana,-mAptamA mAsA vatti, jinazataka pIkA malAcAra vatti aura pratiSThA sAra saMgraha ye pAMca racanAeM prasiddha hai| inameM upAsakAdhyayana (basunandI zrAvakA cAra) praura pratiSThAsAra saMgraha ke kartA to eka vyakti nahIM hai| pratiSThA pATha ke kartA basunandI pAzAdhara ke vAda ke vidvAna hai| kyoMki pratiSThApATha ke samAna upAsakAdhyayana meM jinabimba pratiSThA kA khuba vistAra ke sAtha varNana karate hae aneka sthaloM para pratiSThA zAstra ke anusAra vidhi-vidhAna karane kI preraNA kI gaI / pratiSThA sambandhI prakaraNa hai, usameM lagabhaga 60 mAthAoM meM kArApaka, indra,timA, pratiSThAvidhi, aura pratimA 1. dekho, basunandi zrAvakAcAra kI antima prazasti 2. upAsa kA dhyavana gAthA 366-410

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352 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 phala ina pA~ca prAdhikAroM meM pratiSThA-sambandhI kathana diyA huA hai| pAkara zuddhi, guNAropaNa, mantranyAsa, tilakadAna, mukha vastra aura netronmIlana prAdi mukhya mukhya viSayoM para vivecanA ko hai / isakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki zAsanadevI-devatA kI upAsanA kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / dravya pUjA, kSetra pUjA, kAla pUjA aura bhAva pUjA kA varNana hai| isa vasunandi zrAvakAcAra (upAsa kA dhyayana ) meM 548 gAthAeM haiM, jinameM zrAyakAcAra kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / granthakAra ne isa prAya meM anyAyakAbArIza lAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| racanA para kundakundAcArya svAmikArtikeya ke granthoM kA aura amitagati ke zrAvakAcAra kA prabhAva rahA hai / zrAvakAcAra ke kayana meM kahIM-kahIM vizeSa varNana bhI diyA hai udAharaNa svarUpa / kaTa tulA.aura hInAdhika mAnonmAna prAdi ko aticAra na mAna kara pranAcAra mAnA hai| aura bhogopabhoga parimANa zikSAkta ke bhogavirati, paribhogavirati ye do bheda batalAye haiM / jinakA kahIM digambara-zvetAmbara zrAvakAcAroM meM ullekha nahIM milatA aura sallekhanA ko kundakundacArya ke samAna caturtha zikSAvrata mAnA hai / prAptamImAMsA vRtti ___ AcArya samanta bhadra ke devAgama yA AptamImAMsA meM 114 kArikAe haiN| jina para basunando ne apanI vRtti likhI hai| kArikAmoM kI yaha vRtti atyanta saMkSipta hai jo kevala unakA artha udghATita karatI haiM / vRtti meM kArikAoM kA sAmAnyArtha diyA hai| unakA vizada vivecana nahIM diyaa| kahIM-kahIM phalitArtha bhI saMkSipta meM prastuta kiyA hai| jo kArikAoM ke artha samajhane meM upayogI hai / vRttikAra ne apane ko jaDamati aura vismaraNazola batalAte hae apanI laghutA vyakta kI hai| unhoMne yaha vatti apane upakAra ke liye banAI hai| isase vatti banAne kA prayojana spaSTa ho jAtA hai vRttikAra ne 115 veM padya kI TIkA bhI kI hai| kintu unhoMne usakA koI kAraNa nahIM batalAyA, sambhavata: unhoMne use mUla kA padya samajhakara usakI vyAkhyA kI hai| para vaha mUlakAra kA padya nahIM hai| jinazatakaTIkA yaha prAcArya samantabhadra kRta 116 padyAtmaka catuvizati tIrthakara stavana grantha hai / isa grantha kA mUlanAma 'stuti vidyA hai, jaisA ki usake prathama maMgala padya meM prayukta hue 'stuti vidyA prasAdhaye' pratijJA vAkya se jJAta hotA hai| graMthakAra ne use svayaM 'prAgasAM jaye'--pApoM kojItane kA hetu batalAyA hai| yaha zabdAlaMkAra pradhAna graMtha hai| isameM citrAlaMkAra ke aneka rUpoM ko diyA gayA hai| unase prAcArya mahodaya ke pragAdha kAvya kauzala kA sahaja hI patA cala jAtA hai / isa prantha ke antima 116 veM gatvaka stutameva' padya ke sAtaveM balaya se 'zAntivarmakRtaM' aura cauthe balaya meM jina stutizata' padoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai, jo kavi aura kAvya nAma ko liye hue hai| grantha meM kaI taraha ke ca RvRtta haiN| isI se TIkAkAra vasUnandI ne TIkAkI utthAni kA meM isa graMtha ko 'samasta guNagaNopetA' 'sarvAlakAra bhUSitA' vizeSaNoM ke sAtha ullekhita kiyA hai / graMtha kitanA mahatvapUrNa hai yaha TIkAkAra ke-'dhana-kaThina-ghAti karmandhana bahana samaryA' vAkya se jAnA jAtA hai| jisameM ghane evaM kaThora ghAtiyA karma rUpI Idhana ko bhasma karane vAlI agni batalAyA hai / yaha graMtha itanA gRDha hai ki binA saMskata TIkA ke lagAnA prAyaH asabhava hai| prataeva TIkA kArane 'yo ginA mapi duSkarAvizeSaNa dvArA yogiyoM ke liye bhI durgama batalAyA hai| isameM vartamAna caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko alaMkRta bhASA meM kalAtmaka stuti kI gaI hai| isakA zabda vinyAza alaMkAra ko vizeSatA ko liye hue hai / kahIM zloka ke eka caraNa ko ulTA rakha dene se dUsarA caraNa bana jAtA hai, aura pUrvAdha ko ulaTakara rakha dene se uttara aura samUce zloka ko ulaTa kara rakha dene se dusarA zloka bana jAtA hai| aisA hone para bhI prartha bhinna-bhinna hai| isa grantha ke aneka padya aise haiM jo eka se adhika alaMkAroM ko liye hue haiN| mUla padya atyanta kliSTa aura gaMbhIra arya ke dyotaka hai| TokAkAra ne una saba padoM kI acchI vyAkhyA kI hai paura pratyeka padya ke rahasya ko sarala bhASA meM udghATita kiyA hai| mala grantha meM praveza pAne ke liye vidyAthiyoM ke liye bar3e kAma kI cIja hai| isa TIkA ke sahAre grantha meM saMnihita vizeSa.artha ko jAnane meM sahAyatA milatI hai| graMtha hindI TIkA ke sAtha sevA mandira se prakAzita 3. delo, 217, 218, na kI gAthAeM, vasanandi zrA0pra011, 100 / 4. dekho, ukta zrAva kA cAra gAthA naM0 271, 272, pR0 105 /

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353 gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdoM ke vidvAna AcArya ho cukA hai| pAcAra buli mulAcAra mUlasaMgha ke prAcAra viSaya kA varNana karane vAlA prAcIna maulika grantha hai| jisakA ullekha 5vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya bhane yati ke grAune adhikAra kI 532vIM gAyA meM 'mUlAiriyA' vAkya ke sAtha kiyA hai| aura navamI zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya vIrasena ne apanI dhavalA TIkA meM 'taha prAyAraMge vi vRttaM' vAkya ke sAtha usakI 'paMcatthikAyA' nAma kI gAthA uddhata kI hai jo ukta prAcArAMga meM 400 nambara para pAI jAtI hai / 12vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya vIranandI ne AdhArasAra meM mUlAcAra kI gAthAoM kA arthazaH anuvAda kiyA hai / 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna paM0 zAzAdhara jI ne uktaM ca mUlAcAre' vAkya ke sAtha anagAra dharmAmRta kI TIkA ke pR0 554 meM 'sammattaNANa saMjama' nAma kI gAthA uddhRta kI hai jo mUlAcAra meM 516 nambara para pAI jAtI hai / 15vIM zatAbdI bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ne 'mUlAcAra pradIpa' nAma ke graMtha meM mUlAcAra kI gAthAoMoM kA sAra diyA / isase usake paramparA pracAra kA itivRtta pAyA jAtA hai / grantha meM 1246 gAthAeM haiM jo 12 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai| isa grantha kI TIkA kA nAma AcAravRtti hai, isake karttA zrAcArya vasunandI haiM / TIkAkAra ne TIkA kI utthAnikA meM baTTakerAcArya kA nAmollekha kiyA hai, parantu unakA koI paricaya nahIM diyA, zilAlekhAdi meM bhI vaTTara kA nAma upalabdha nahIM hotA, aura na unakI guru paramparA hI milatI hai / TIkA gAthAoM ke sAmAnyArtha kI bodhaka hai / yadyapi unakI vizeSa vyAkhyA nahIM hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM gAthAmroM kI acchI vyAkhyA likhI hai / ora unake viSaya ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| TIkAkAra ne paDAvazyaka adhikAra kI 176vIM gAthA kI TIkA meM pramitagati upAsakAcAra ke 'tyAgI deha mamatyasya tanUsmRtirudAhRtA' Adi paMca zloka uddhata kiye haiN| TIkA meM vasunandI ne usakI racanA kA samaya nahIM kiyaa| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne isa vRtti kA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI batalAyA hai" / samaya mAcArya vasunandI ne apane upAsakAcAra meM aura TIkA granthoM meM unakA racanAkAla nahIM diyA / isa liye nizcita rUpa se yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ukta racanAeM kaba bniiN| vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna paM0 prAzAvara jI ne saM0 1266 meM samApta hue sAgAradharmAmRta ko TIkA meM vasunandI kA pAdaraNIya zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai: yastu paMcavara sahiyAI sapta vi vasaNAI jo vivajje / sammAviddha bhaI so vaMsaNasAvo bhaNiyoM // / 205 // iti vasunandI saiddhAnta matena darzana pratimAyAM pratipannastasyaivaM / tanmate naiva vrata pratimAyAM vibhrato brahmANa vrataM syAt tadyathA-- 'pabvesu itthisevA praNaMgakoDA sayA vivjjedd'| dhUlayaha baMbhayArI jirNohi bhaNido pavayaNammi | isa ullekha se sunandI 13vIM zatAbdI se pUrvavartI hai| cUMki unhoMne 11 vI zatAbdI ke prAcArya zramitagati ke upAsakAcAra 5 padya AcAra vRtti meM uddhata kiye haiM / ataH vasunandI kA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI kA upAntya mI 12vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha ho sakatA hai / ke narendra koti vidya I mUlasaMgha koNDa kundAnvaya deziyagaNa pustaka gaccha kI guru paramparA meM sAgaranandI siddhAntadeva ke praziSya aura manandi muni ke ziSya narendrakIrti traividya deva the, jo nyAya vyAkaraNa aura jaina siddhAnta ke kamala bana inake sAthI 36 guNa pAlaka municandra bhaTTAraka the| kauzika munikI paramparA meM hone vAlA devarAja thA, usakA putra udayAditya thA, usake tIna putra the, devarAja, somanAtha aura zrIdhara / inameM devarAja kaDucarite kA pradhAna thaa| use devarAja hoyasalane sUranahalli grAma dAna meM diyA, vahAM usane eka jinamandira banavAyA, usakI bhraSTa vidhapUjA aura mAhAra dAna ke nimitta ukta grAma san 1954 I0 meM municandra ko pradAna kiyA aura usakA nAma pArra pura 1

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354 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 3 khkhaa| isase prastuta narendra koti IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM / (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 3 060) tribhuvana malla tribhuvana malla tarkAcArya devakIti ke ziSya the| inake do ziSya aura bhI the / lakkhanandi aura mAdhavacandra vrato / devakoti kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1085 san 1163 (vi0 saM0 1220) meM subhAnu saMvatsara meM prASAr3ha zuklA havI budhavAra ko huA thaa| prataH tribhuvana malla kA samaya IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdha hai| jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 pR. 22,23 munikanakAmara ___ muni kanavAmara candraRSi gotra meM utpanna hue the| unakA kula brAhmaNa thaa| kintu deha bhogoM se vairAgya hone ke kAraNa ve digambara muni ho gaye the| kavi ke guru budha maMgaladeva the / kavi bhramaNa karate hue prAsAi (pAzApurI) nagarI meM pahuMce the / ve jina caraNa kamaloM ke bhakta the| kavi ne vahAM ke bhavya janoM ke vinaya pUrvaka va sneha vaza karakaNDu carita kI racanA kI / jinake anurAga vaza isa grantha kI racanA kI, unakI prazaMsA karate hue bhI kavi ne unakA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA / kintu baha kanaka vaNaM aura manohara zarIra kA dhAraka thA, vijaya pAla nareyA kA sneha pAtra, dharma rUpI vRkSa kA sIMcane vAlA, dussaha vairiyoM kA vinAzaka, tathA bAndhavoM, iSToM aura mitra janoM kA upakArI thaa| bhupAla rAjA kA manamohaka, anAthoM kA duHkha bhaMjaka aura karNa narendra kA hRdaya raMjaka thA, bar3A dAnI, dhairyazAlI, aura jina caraNa kamaloM kA madhukara thaa| usake tIna putra the prAhula, rahu mora rAhula / jo kanakAmara ke caraNa kamaloM ke bhramara the / kavi ne graMtha meM siddhasena, gamantabhadra, akalaMka deva, jayadeva, svayaMbhU aura puSpadanta kA ullekha kiyA hai / ina meM vavi pugadA ne apanA mahApurANa san 665 I0 meM samApta kiyA thaa| ataH karakaNDu carita usake bAda kI racanA hai 1 kavi dvArA ullikhita rAjA gaNa yadi candelavaMzI haiM jinakA DA. hIrAlAla jI ne ullekha kiyA hai| to graMza pA racanA sagaya vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI ho sakatA hai| bA. hIrAlAla jI ne vijayapAla kIrtivarmA (bhavanapAla) aura karNa ina tInoM rAjAmoM kA astitva samaya san 1040 aura 1051 ke prAsa-pAsa kA batalAyA hai| ata: muni kanakAmara kA samaya vikrama kI 11 vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla ho sakatA hai| graMyakartA ke guru budha maMgala deva haiM, para unakA bhI kahIM se koI ullekha prApta nahIM hai| prastuta prathaeka khaNDa kAvya hai isama pAzvanAtha kI paramparA meM hone vAle rAjA karakaNha kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai / graMtha daza saMdhiyoM meM vibhakta hai, jinameM 201 kaDavaka diye huye haiN| kavi ne graMtha ko rocaka banAne ke lie aneka bhAvAntara kathAeM dI haiN| jo loka kathAoM ko liye hue hai| unameM maMtra zakti kA prabhAva, ajJAna se Apatti, nIca saMgati kA burA pariNAma aura satsaMgati kA acchA pariNAma dikhAyA gayA hai| pAMcavI kathA eka vidyAdhara ne madanAbali ke viraha se vyAkula karakaMDu ke viyoga ko saMyoga meM badala jAne ke lie sunAI / sAtavIM kathA zubha zakuna-pariNAma sUcikA hai / AThavIM kathA papAvatI ne vidyAdharI dvArA karakaMDu ke haraNa kiye jAne para zokAkula rativegA ko sunaaii| nomIkathA bhavAntara meM nArI ko nArItva kA parityAga karane kI sUcikA hai / grantha meM dezI zabdoM kA pracura vyavahAra hai, jo hindI bhASA ke adhika najadIka hai| rasa pralaMkAra, zleSa aura prAkRtika dRzyoM se anya sarasa bana par3A hai / anya meM terApura kI aitihAsika guphAoM kA paricaya bhI aMkita hai, jo sthAna dhArAziva jile meM tera pura ke nAma se prasiddha hai | DA0 hIrAlAla jI ne isa kaMkaNDucarita kA sAnuvAda rAmpAdana kiyA hai jo bhAratIya jJAna pITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai| kavi zrIdhara prastata kavi hariyAnAdeza kA nivAsI thA / aura agravAla kula meM utpanna humA thaa| inake pitA kA 1, zipa pariSaya ke liye karakA carita kI prastAvanA dekheN|

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- gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 355 nAma cUdha 'golha' thA aura mAtA kA nAma thA vIlhA devI, jo sati sAdhvI aura dharma parAyaNA thii| kavi ne isake atirikta apanI jIvana ghaTanAmoM aura gRhastha jIvana kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA / kavi kI isa samaya do racanAeM upalabdha haiN| pAsaNAha cariu aura caDDhamANa cariu / kavi ne grantha meM candraprabha carita kA ullekha kiyA hai| pAsaNAha cariu prastuta graMtha eka khaNDa kAvya hai| jisameM 12 sandhiyAM haiM jinako zloka saMkhyA DhAI hajAra se Upara hai| grantha meM jainiyoM ke teisava tIrthakara bhagavAna pAzrvanAtha kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kathAnaka vahI hai jo anya prAkRta-saMskRta ke graMthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / grantha ke prArambha meM kavi ne dillI nagara kA alaMkRta bhASA meM acchA paricaya diyA hai, usa samaya dillI joyaNipura (yoginIpura) ke nAma se vikhyAta thI, jana-dhana se sampanna, uttaMgasAla (koTa) gopura vizAla parikhA (khAI) raNamaMDapo, sundara maMdiroM, samada gajaghaTAnA, gatizAla turaMgA, aura dhvajAroM se alaMkRta thii| striIrakane ko sunakara nAcate hue mayUroM aura vizAla haTTa mArgoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| usa samaya dillI meM tomara vaMzI kSatriya anaMgapAla tRtIya kA rAjya thA / yaha anaMgapAla apane do pUrvaja anaMgapAloM se bhinna arthAt tRtIya anaMgapAla nAma se khyAta thaa| yaha bar3A pratApI aura bIra thA, isane hammora vora kI sahAyatA kI thii| ye hammIra vIra anya koI nahIM, pratihAra vaMza kI dvitIya zAkhA ke hammora deva jAna par3ate haiM, jinhoMne saMvat 1212 se 1224 taka gvAliyara meM rAjya kiyA hai| anaMgapAla kA inase kyA sambaMdha thA. yaha kucha jJAta nahIM ho skaa| usa samaya dillI vaibhava sampanna thI, aura usameM vividha jAti aura dharma vAle loga rahate the| anya racanA meM preraka pArzvanAtha carita kI racanA meM preraka sAhu nala thA, jisakA pArivArika paricaya kavi ne nimna prakAra diyA hai| sAhu naTTala ke pitA kA nAma 'mAlhaNa' thA / inakA vaMza agravAla thA, vaha sadA dharma karma meM sa. vAna rahane the| mAtA kA nAma 'memaDiya' thA, jo zIla rUpI sat prAbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta thI aura bAMdhava janoM ko sukha pradAna karatI thii| sAha nala ke do jyeSTha bhrAtA the, rAghava aura soDhala / inameM rAghaba bar3A hI mUndara evaM rUpavAna thaa| use dekhakara kAmaniyoM kA citta dravita ho jAtA thaa| aura soDhala vidvAnoM ko prAnaMda dAyaka, guru bhakta pora arahata deva kI stuti karane vAlA thA, jisakA zarIra vinaya rUpI AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta thA, tathA bar3A buddhivAna aura dhIra. vIra thaa| naTTala sAhu ina sabameM laghu, puNyAtmA, sundara aura janavallabha thaa| kula rUpI kamaloM kA pAkara aura pApa rUpI pAMzu (raja) kA nAzaka, tIrthakara kA pratiSThApaka, bandI janoM ko dAna dene vAlA, para doSoM ke prakAzana se virakta ratnatraya se vibhUSita aura caturvidha saMgha ko dAna dene meM sadA tatpara rahalA thaa| usa samaya vaha dillI ke jainiyoM meM pramukha thA / vyasanAdi se rahita zrAvaka ke pratoM kA anuSThAna karatA thA / sAhUnaTTala kebala dhamAtmA hI nahIM thA, kintu uccakoTi kA kuzala vyApArI bhI thA / usa samaya usakA vyApAra aMga, baMga, kaliMga, karnATaka, nepAla, bhoTa pAMcAla, cedi, gaur3a, Thakka (paMjAba) kerala, marahaTTa, bhAdAnaka, magadha, gurjara, soraTha aura hariyAnA Adi nagaroM aura dezA meM cala rahA thaa| yaha rAjanIti kA catura paMr3ita bhI thA, kuTambI jana to nagara seTha the aura Apa svayaM tomaravazo anaMgapAla tRtIya kA prAmAtya thaa| sAha naTTala ne kavi zrIdhara se, jo hariyAnA deza se yamunA nadI pAra kara dillI meM Aye the, pArzvanAtha carita banAne kI preraNA kI / taba kavi zrIdhara ne isa sarasa khaNDa kAvya kI racanA vi. 1 siri ayaravAla kula saMbhavaraNa, jagaNI-volhA-gambhubhaveNa / aNavarama-viNAya-parapayAruheNa, kaNA buha golha-tAruheNa ||-paaennaath ca0 pra0 2 hi asi-vastoDiya riTha-kabAla, garagAha prasiddha aNaMgavAla / / -pAca pra.

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jaima dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 saM0 1186 agahana badI aSTamI ravivAra ke dina pUrNa kI thii| usa samaya naTTala sAhu ne dillI meM AdinAtha kA eka prasiddha jinamandira banavAyA thA, jo atyanta sundara thA, jaisA ki graMtha ke nimna vAkyoM se prakaTa hai : kArAvevi NAyaho Ni keja, paviiNNa paMcaSaNa sukeu / paI puNu paiTaTha pavira iyama, pAsa ho carita jaha praNavi tema // usa AdinAtha mandira ko unhoMne pratiSThA vidhi bhI sampanna kI thI, usa pratiSThotsava kA ullekha grantha kI pAMcavIM sandhi ke bAda diye hue nimna padya se spaSTa hai: yenArAdhya vibudhya dhIramatinA devAdhivevaM jinaM / satpuNyaM samupAjita nijaguNaH saMtoSitA bAMdhavAH / jaina catyamakArisundarataraM jainI pratiSThAM tathA / sa zrImAnviditaH sadaiva jayatAtpathvI tale naTTalaH / / iyaM siri pAsa caritaM raiyaM buha sirihareNa guNabhariyaM / pramANa moje gaTTala NAmeNa bhasveNa // kavi kI dUsarI kRti 'baDDhamANacarita' hai / isameM 10 saMdhiyA~ aura 231 kaDavaka haiN| jinameM antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana gAthA dI huI hai| jisakI zloka saMkhyA kavi ne DhAI hajAra ke lagabhaga batalAI hai| carita vahI hai, jo anya granthoM meM cacita hai, kintu kavi ne use vividha varNanoM se saMjokara sarasa aura manahara banAyA hai| grantha sAmane na hone se usakA yahAM vizeSa paricaya denA saMbhava nahIM hai| kavi zrIdhara ne grantha kI mantima prazasti meM apanA vahI paricaya dete hae anya racanA meM preraka jaisavAlavaMzI nemicanda kA paricaya karAyA hai, aura likhA hai ki maiMne yaha grantha sAhanemicandra ke anurodha se banAyA hai, nemicandra vodAu nagara ke nivAsI the, jAyasa kula kamala divAkara the| inake pitA kA nAma sAha naravara aura mAtA kA nAma somAdevI thA, jo jainadharma ko pAlana karane meM tAtpara the| sAha nemicandra kI dharmapatnI kA nAma 'vIvAdevI yaa| saMbhavataH inake tIna putra the-rAmacandra, zrIcandra aura vimalacandra / eka dina sAha nemicandra ne kavi zrIdhara se nivedana kiyA ki jisa taraha mApane candraprabhacaritra aura zAntinAtha caritra banAye haiM usI taraha mere liye antima tIrthakara kA caritra bnaaiye| taba kavi ne ukta caritra kA nirmANa kiyA hai| isIse kavi ne pratyeka sandhi puSpikA meM use nemicandrAnumata likhA hai, jaisA ki usake nimna puSpikA vAkya se prakaTa hai : "ima siri vaDmANa titthaya radevacarie pavaraguNarayaNaguNabharie yibuha siri sukAsiriharavira ie siri gemacaMda aNamaNNie vIraNAha NivANagamaNavaNNaNo NAma bahamo pariccheo smmtto|" kavi ne pratyeka sandhi ke prArambha meM jo saMskRta padya diye haiM unameM nemicandra ko sabhyagdaSTi, dhIra, buddhimAna, lakSmIpati, nyAyavAna, aura bhava-bhogoM se virakta batalAte hue unake kalyANa kI kAmanA kI gaI hai| jaisA ki usakI AThavIM sandhi ke prAraMbha ke nimna zloka se prakaTa hai : yaH savRSTi ruvArudhIradhiSaNo lakSmImatA sNmto| nyAyAnveSaNatatparaH paramataproktAgamAsaMgataH anekAbhava-bhoga-bhaMguravapuH vairAgyabhAvAnvito, nandasvAtsahi nityamevabhuvane zrInemicandra ricaram // 1 vikkama garidaM suprasiddha kAli; dillI paTTaNi dharaNa-karaNa visAli / sa evAsi eyAraha saehi. parivADie barisaha parigaehi / kasA?mohiM AgaharaNa mAsi; ravivAra samANi sisira bhAsi / / 12--18

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pArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya kavi ne isa grantha ko vikrama saMvat 1160 meM jyeSTha kRSNA paMcamI manivAra ke dina banAkara samApta kiyA hai / isa se eka varSa pahale saM0 1189 meM pArzvanAtha carita naTTala sAhukI preraNA se banAyA / candraprabhacarita saM0 1189 ro pUrva bana jukA thA, saMvat 1187 yA 1158 meM banAyA ho / aura saMbhavataH 1186 meM hI zAntinAtha carita kI racanA kI hai, isI se usakA ullekha saM0 1160 ke vardhamAna carita meM kiyA hai| kavi ne anya kina granthoM kI racanA kI, yaha abhI anveSaNIya hai| ye donoM carita graMtha upalabdha nahIM haiN| amRtacandra (dvitIya) yaha mahAmUni mAdhavacandra maladhArI ke ziSya the, jo pratyakSa dharma, upazama, dama, kSamA ke dhAraka mora indriya tathA kapAyoM ke vijetA the, aura usa samaya 'maladhAri deva' ke nAma se prasiddha the| amRta candra inhIM mAdhava candra ke ziSya the| yaha mahAmani amRta tapa teja rUpI divAkara, vrata niyama tathA zIla ke ratnAkara the| tarka rUpo laharoM se jinhoMne paramata ko jhaMkolita kara diyA thA DagamagA diyA thA, jo uttama vyAkaraNa rUpa padoM ke prasAraka the / jinake brahmacarya ke teja ke prAge kAmadeva bhI chipa gayA thA--vaha unake samIpa nahIM pA sakatA thaa| isase unake pUrNa brahmacarya niSTha hone kA ullekha milatA hai| inake ziSya siMha kavi ne, jaba amRta candra vihAra karate hue bahmaNavADa nagara (sirohI) meM pAye taba siddha kavi ke prapUrNa evaM khaNDita 'pradyumna carita' kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| inakA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai| tA maladhArI veja muNi-paMgamu, gaM paccakkha dhammu javasamu dmu| mAhavara prAsi supasiddhau, jo khama-dama-jama-Niyama-samiddhau / tAsusIsu taba-taiya-viSAyaka, vaya-taya-Niyama-sIla-rayaNAyaru / takka-lahari-jhakoliya paramaja, vara-vAyaraNa-pavara pasariya paja / jAsu bhuvaNadUraMtara baMkivi, Thiu pacchaSNu mayaNu prAsaMki vi| pramiyacaMdu gAmeNa maDArau, soviharaMtu pattu buha-sArau / sassira-gaMdaNa-vaNa-saMchaSNau, maTha-vihAra-jiNabhavaNa - ravaNNau / bamhaNa vADa gAmeM paTTaNu / janaprantha pra0saM0 bhA0 210 21 malliSeNamaladhArI yaha milasaMgha nandigaNa aruGgalAnvaya ke vAdIbhasiMha ajitasena paMDita deva aura kUmArasena ke ziSya the| nathA zrIpAla vidya ke guru the / malliSeNa bar3e tapasvI the / unakA zarIra bAraha prakAra ke pracaNDa tapazcaraNa kA dhAma thaa| aura vaha dhUla' dhUsarita rahatA thA, usakA be kabhI prakSAlana nahIM karate the| unhoMne bhAgamokta ratnatraya kA pAcaraNa kiyA thA aura ni:zasya hokara azeSa prANiyoM ko kSamAkara jinapAda mUla meM deha kA parityAga kiyA thAsanyAsa vidhi dvArA zaka saM0 1050 ke kIlaka saMvatsara meM (san 1128 I.) meM zravaNabelagola meM tIna dina ke anazana se madhyAhna meM zarIra kA parityAga kiyA thaa| jaisA ki malliSeNa prazasti ke antima padyoM se spaSTa hai - prArAdhyaratna-zrayamAgamoktaM vidhAyanizzalyamazeSa jntoH| kSamA kRtvA jinapAdamale dehaM parityajya vivaM vizAmaH // 713 zAke zUnyazarAvarAvanimite saMvatsarekIlake, mAse phAlguNa ke tutIya vivase vAsaM sitebhaaskre| 1 Niva vikkamAicca ho kAlae, gijyucchavavara tUra khAlae 1 eyAraha sarahi pari vigahi, saMvacchara saya eva hi samayahi / jeTTa paDhama pakkhaI paMcamidiNe sUruvAre gayaraNaM gariNa tthiimnne|| -jaina maya pra. saM. bhA. 2018

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358 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa 2 svAtI zveta-nasarovare surapuraM yAto yatInAM patimadhyAha divasatrayAnAnataH zrImalliyeo muniH // lakSmaNa deva kavi lakSmaNa deva kA vaMza vADha thA pitA kA nAma rayaNa deva yA ratna deva thaa| inakI janmabhUmi mAlana dezAntargata domanda' nAmaka nagara meM thI yaha nagara usa samaya jaina dharma dhIra vidyA kA kendra thA vahAM aneka uga jina mandira tathA meru jinAlaya bhI thaa| kavi pratyanta dhArmika dhana sampanna aura rUpavAna thA aura nirantara jinavANI ke adhyayana meM lIna rahatA thaa| vahAM pahale pataMjaline vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya kI racanA kI thii| jo vidvAnoM ke kaSTha kA prAbhAraNa rUpa thaa| isase goda nagara kI mahattA kA AbhAsa milatA hai| yaha magara mAlavadeza meM thA aura una tathA bhelasA (vividhA) ke madhyavartI kisI sthAna para thA vahAM ke nivAsI kavi jinavANI ke rasa kA pAna kiyA karate the| inake bhAI kA nAma samyadeva thA, jo kavi the, unhoMne bhI kisI grantha kI racanA kI thii| para vaha anupalabdha hai| mAlava prAnta ke kisI zAstra bhaNDAra meM usakI talAza honI cAhiye / --- kavi ne grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyA, jisase yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai ki grantha kaba racA gayA / kavi ne guru paramparA aura pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| grantha kI pratilipi saMvat 1510 kI prApta huI hai| usase itanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai ki grantha saM0 1510 se pUrva racA gayA hai| kitane pUrva racA gayA, yaha vicAraNIya hai / grantha saMbhavataH 11vIM zatAbdI meM racA gayA hai / grantha paricaya prastuta gemigAha caritra meM cAra saMdhiyAM aura kavaka hai jinakI mAnumAnika loka saMkhyA 1350 ke lagabhaga hai| grantha meM carita dhIra dhArmika upadeza kI pradhAnatA hote hue bhI vaha aneka sundara sthaloM se alaMkRta hai grantha kI prathama saMdhi meM jina aura sarasvatI ke stavana ke sAtha mAnava janma kI durlabhatA kA nirdeza karate hue sajjanadurjana kA smaraNa kiyA hai aura phira kavi ne apanI alpajJatA ko pradarzita kiyA hai| (bhagadha deza aura rAjagRha nagara ke kathana ke pazcAt rAjA zreNika (vimvasAra) apanI jJAna pipAsA ko zAMta karane ke liye gaNadhara se neminAtha kA parita varNana karane ke liye kahatA hai| varAhaka deza meM sthita vArAvatI yA dvArAvatI nagarI meM jarnAdana nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thA, vahIM dhaurIpura nareza samudravijaya apanI ziva devoM ke sAtha rahate the| jarAsandha ke bhaya se yAdava gaNa zaurIpura chor3akara dvArikA meM rahane lge| vahIM unake tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA janma huA thA / yaha kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| bAlaka kA janmAdi saMskAra indrAdi devoM ne kiyA thA dUsarI saMdhi meM neminAtha ko yuvAvasyA, vasaMta varNana aura jala kor3hA yAdi ke prasaMgoM kA kathana diyA huA hai| kRSNa ko neminAtha ke parAkrama se ISAM ho hone lagatI hai aura vaha unheM virakta karanA cAhate haiN| jUnAgar3ha ke rAjA kI putrI rAjamatI se neminAtha kA vivAha 3 1. prastuta 'goda' nagara jise godarna vA gonaddha kahA jAtA thA, mAlava deza meM avasthita thaa| DA0 dazaratha zarmA ema0e0 DI0 liT ke anusAra gonarda thA gona nagara patavjali kI janma bhumi thA / pataJjali gonardaya ke nAma se prasiddha the| pataJjali ne puSpa mitra 'zuGga se yajJa karavAyA thaa| unhoMne vyAkaraNa mahAbhAvya kI racanA isI nagara meM kI thii| pataJjali kI gonardIya saMjJA bhI unake mahAbhASya kI racanA kA saMketa karatI hai| isI se kavi lakSmaNa ne bhI neminAtha carita ko prazasti meM vahAM prathama vyAkaraNa sAra ke race jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai| sutta niyAta kI buddha ghoSIya TIkA vRddhoSa ne ujjayinI bona diza aura banasA pratibhASa ho jAtA hai " 'paramavyajyotikA' ke anusAra bhI gonaddha yA gonarda kI sthiti mAlavadeza meM thI (myana) kA eka sAtha ana kiyA hai| isameM boda nagara kI sthiti kA See Studies in the Geographyof Ancient and Medieval India p. 206-218)

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, aAcArya kunajeun nizcita hotA hai / bArAta saja-dhaja kara jUnAgar3ha ke sannikaTa pahuMcatI hai, neminAtha bahuta se rAja putroM ke sAtha ratha meM baMTe hue pAsa-pAsa kI ki supA yA nirIkSaNa karate hue jA rahe the / usa samaya unakI dRSTi eka ora gaI to unhoMne dekhA ki bahuta se pazu eka bAr3e meM banda haiN| ve vahAM se nikalanA cAhate haiM kintu vahAM se nikalane kA koI mArga nahIM hai / neminAtha ne sArathi se ratha rokane ko kahA aura pUchA ki ye pazu yahAM kyoM roke gae haiN| neminAtha ko sArathi se yaha jAna kara bar3A kheda huA ki barAta meM Ane vAle rAjAoM ke Atithya ke liye ina pazuoMoM kA vadha kiyA jaaygaa| isase unake dayAlu hRdaya ko bar3I Thesa lagI, ve bole yadi mere vivAha ke nimitta itane pazuoM kA jIvana saMkaTa meM hai, to dhikkAra hai mere isa vivAha ko zrava meM vivAha nahIM kruuNgaa| pazuoM ko chur3avAkara turanta hI ratha se utara kara mukuTa aura kaMkaNa ko pheMka vana kI ora cala diye| isa samAcAra se barAta meM koharAma maca gyaa| udhara jUnAgar3ha ke antaHpura meM jaba rAjakumArI ko yaha jJAta huA, to vaha mUrchA khAkara gira pdd'ii| bahuta se logoM ne neminAtha ko lauTAne kA prayatna kiyA, kintu saba vyartha / neminAtha pAsa meM sthita Urjayanta giri para car3ha gae aura sahasAvana meM vastrAlaMkAra yAdi paradhAna kA parityAga kara digambara mudrA dhara bhAramadhyAna meM lIna ho ge| rAjamatI pratiduHkhita hotI hai tIsarI saMdhi meM isake viyoga kA varNana hai / rAjImatI ne bhI tapazcaraNa dvArA sAtma-sAdhanA kii| antima sandhi meM neminAtha kA pUrNa jJAnI ho dharmopadeza aura nirvANa prApti kA kathana diyA huA hai| isa taraha grantha kA carita vibhAga bar3A ho sundara tathA saMkSipta hai, aura kavi ne ukta ghaTanA ko sajIva rUpa meM citrita karane kA upakrama kiyA hai / kavi ne saMsAra kI vivazatA kA sundara aMkana karate hue kahA hai - jisa manuSya ke ghara meM anna bharA huA hai / use bhojana ke prati aruci hai| jisameM bhojana karane kI zakti hai, usake pAsa zasya (dhAnya) nhiiN| jisameM dAna kA utsAha hai usake pAsa dhana nahIM, jisake pAsa dhana hai, use prati lobha hai| jisameM kAma kA prabhutva hai usake bhAryA nahIM jisake pAsa strI hai usakA kAma bAnta hai| jaisA kI grantha kI nimna paMktiyoM se spaSTa hai jasu hi SNu sasu rui hoi, jasu bhoja sati tamu sasuNa hoi / jasu dANa cAhatasu daviNu Natthi jasu daviNu tAsu uilohu pratthi / jasu mayaNarAu tasi pratthi bhAma, jasu bhAma tAsu ucchavaNa kAma / -- miNAhacariu 3-2 kavi ne graMtha meM kavakoM ke prArambha meM helA, dubaI aura vastu baMdha yAdi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| kiMtu grantha meM chandoM kI bahulatA nahIM hai| graMthakartA ne sthAna-sthAna para aneka sundara subhASitoM aura sUktiyoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ve isa prakAra haiM kiM jIvai dhamma nivajjieNa - dharma rahita jIne se kyA prayojana hai ki suI saMgari kAyaNa - yuddha meM kAyara subhaToM se kyA ? kiM vayaNa saccA bhASaNeNa, jhUTha vacana bolane se kyA prayojana ka puttaI gottaviNAsaNaMNa, kula kA nAza karane vAle hai putra se kyA ? ki phullaI graMtha vivajjieNa- gaMdha rahita phUla se kyA ? graMtha kI puSpikA meM kavi ne apane pitA kA ullekha kiyA hai| iti miNAha carie vRhada rayaNa sutra lakkhaNeNa viraie bhavvayaNamaNANaMde NemikumAra saMbhavoNAma paDhamo paricchezro samatto / laghu anantavIrya ( prameya ratnamAlA ke kartA) laghu anantavIrya ne apanI guru paramparA kA aura racanA kAla kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA / isa kAraNa unake racanA kAla ke nizcaya karane meM kaThinAI ho rahI hai| ina laghu zranantavIrya kI eka mAtra kRti parikSAmukha paMji

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 3 kA hai, jisakA nAma usakI puSpikA vAkyoM meM 'lavatti' diyA hA hai| yaha grantha prameya bahala hone ke kAraNa bAda ko isakA nAma prameya 'ratna mAlA' ho gayA hai| kartA ne isake viSaya kA saMkSepa meM itane sundara DhaMga se pratipAdana kiyA hai ki nyAya ke jijJAsUtroM kA citta usakI ora AkarSita hotA hai / isameM samasta darzanoM ke prameyoM kA itane sundara evaM vyavasthita DhaMga se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yadi prameyoM kA vizada varNana na kiyA jAtA to pramANa kI carcA adhUrI hI rhtii| mANikyanandI ke parIkSAmukhakI vizAla TIkA prameyakamala mArtaNDa ina anantavIrya ke sAmane thA, usameM dArzanika viSayoM kA pratipAdana vistAra se kiyA gayA hai / paMjikAkAra ne prabhAcandra ke vacanoM ko udAra candrikA kI upamA dI hai aura apanI racanA paMjikA ko khadyota (jagana) ke samAna prakaTa kiyA hai, jaMsA ki usake nimna padya se prakaTa hai : "prabhenduvacanovAra cantrikAprasare / sati / mAvRzAkya gaNyante jyotirigaNa snnibhaa||" phira bhI laSa anantavIrya kI mana katimAte vizayanI gaulika hai, yaha usakI vizeSatA hai| anantavIrya ne isakI racanA vaijeya ke priya putra hIrapa ke anurodha se zAntiSaNa ke liye banAI hai| parIkSAmukha sUtra grantha chaha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| usI ke anusAra paMjikA bhI chaha adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai, jina meM pramANa, pramANa ke bhedoM kA kathana, pramANa meM prAmANya svataH aura apramAgya parata: hotA hai, mImAMsako kI isa mAnyatA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue abhyAsadazA meM svata: aura manabhyAsadazA meM parata:prAmANya siddha kiyA gayA hai| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ke varNana meM mati jJAna ke 336 bhedoM kA pratipAdana sarvajJa kI siddhi aura sRSTi kartatva kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai / parokSa pramANa ke smRti pratyabhijJAna prAdi bhedoM kA svarUpa nirdiSTa karate hue vedoM ko pauruSeya siddha kiyA hai / cArvAka, bauddha, naiyAyika, vaizeSika aura mImAMsakoM ke matoM kI mAlocanA kI gaI hai| pramANa kA phala aura prAmaNAbhAsoM ke bheda prabhedoM kA sundara vivecana kiyA hai| isase grantha kI mahattA aura gaurava bar3ha gayA hai| prAcArya prabhAcandra dvArA smRta akalaMka ke siddhi vinizcaya ke vyAkhyAkAra anantabIrya inase bhinna bhora pUrvavartI haiM / paMDita pravara pAzadhara jI ne anagAra dharmAmRta kI svopazaTIkA (10 528) meM prameyaratnamAlA kA maMgala zloka uddhata kiyA hai| inhoMne anagAra dharmAmRta ko TIkA ko vi0 saM01300 (san 1243) meM samApta kiyA thaa| isase prameyaratnamAlAkAra laghu anantavIrya kA samaya I. san 1065 aura I. san 1243 ke madhya prAjAtA hai| manantavIya kI isa prameya ratnamAlA kA prabhAva hemacandra kI 'pramANa mImAMsA' para yatra tatra pAyA jAtA hai| hemacandra kA samaya I. san 1068 se 1173 hai ' / ataH anantavIrya IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke zantima caraNa ke vidvAna pramANita hote haiN| bAlacandra siddhAntaveva mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa aura vakra gaccha ke vidvAna the| inake ziSya rAmacandradeva the| jinheM yAdava nArAyaNa bIraballAla deva ke rAjya kAla meM nala saMvatsara 1118 (san 1166) meM purAne vyApArI kavaDamamya aura deva seTTi ne zAntinAthadeva kI vasadi ke liye dAna diyA thaa| isase bAlacandra siddhAntadeva kA samaya IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdo hai| -jaina lekha saM0 bhA0310230 1 iti parIkSA mukhasya laghuvRttI vitIyaH samuddezaH // 2 // 2 bajepapriyaputrasya hIrapasyoparoSataH / zAntiSeNArthamArabdhA parIkSAmukhapajiphA / / 3 natAmaraziroratna prabhAprotanaravarivaH / namo jinAya duri mAravIramadacchide ||-prmey ratnamAlA 4 nalakacchapure zrImanne micaityAlaye'sidhat / vikramAndazatemveSA trayodazasu kArtike // 31 // anagAra dharmAmRta prazasti pramANa mImAMsA prastAvanA pR0 43

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya pramAcandra prabhAcandra-meghacandra vidya deva ke pradhAna ziSya the / aura varddhana rAjA kI paTTAnI zAMtaladevI ke guru the| zAka saM01068 san 1146(vi0 saM0 1203)meM jinake svargArohaNa kA ullekha zravaNabelgola ke zilAlekha naM050 meM pAyA jAtA hai / inake guru meSacandra kA svargavAsa zaka saM01037 (vi0 saM0 1172) meM huA thaa| isase ina prabhAcandra kA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai| dekho jaina lekha saMgraha 48 mAdhavasena nAma ke anya vidvAna bhAdhavasena mUlasaMgha senagaNa aura pogarigaccha ke candraprabha siddhAntadeva ke ziSya the| ina mAdhavasena bhadrArakadeva ne jina caraNoM kA manana karake paMcaparameSThI kA smaraNa karate hue samAdhimaraNa dvArA svarga prApta kiyaa| yaha lekha saMbhavataH san 1125 I0 kA hai / ataH inakA samaya IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai| (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 210437) yaha mAdhavasena pratApasena ke paTTadhara the, jinhoMne paMcendriyoM ko jIta liyA thA, jisase yaha mahAna tapasvI jAna par3ate haiN| ye vidvAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha maMtravAdI bhI the| inhoMne bAdazAha alAuddIna khilajI dvArA prAyojita bAda-vivAda meM vijaya prApta kara jainadharma kA udyota kiyA thA, aura dillI ke jainiyoM kA dharmasaMkaTa dUra kiyA thaa| dekho, si.bhA.bhA. 1 kiraNa 4 meM prakAzita kASThAsaMgha paTTAvalI kA phUranoTa) vIrasena paMDitadeva-malasaMgha, senagaNa aura pogarigaccha ke vidvAna the| inake sahadharmI paMDita mANikyasena the| jinheM san 1142-43 meM dundubhivarSa puSya zuddha somavAra ko uttarAyaNa saMkrAnti ke samaya, pazcimI cAlukya rAjA jagadekamalla dvitIya ke 12000 pradeza para zAsana karanevAle yogezvara daNDanAyaka senAdhyakSa ne pegaDe maduna mallideva senAdhyakSa kI anumati se bhUmi dAnadiyA thaa| (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 3 156) narendra sena lADa vAgaDa saMgha ke vidvAna vIrasena ke praziSya aura guNasena ke ziSya the| ina vIrasena ke tIna ziSya the-guNasena, udayasena aura jayasena / inameM guNasena sUri aneka kalAnoM ke dhAraka the| inhIM ke ziSya narendra sena ne 'siddhAntasAra saMgraha' kI racanA kI hai| narendrasena ne grantha ke puSpikA bAkya meM apane ko paMDitAcArya vizeSaNa ke sAtha ullekhita kiyA hai : iti zrIsimAntasArasaMgrahe papiDatAcArya marendrasenaviracita samyagjJAna nirUpaNo dvitIyaH parivaH / " jisa samaya narendrasena ne siddhAntasArasaMgraha kI racanA ko, usa samaya unake guru yaura pragUru donoM hI maujada the| kyoMki kavi ne grantha ke navameM pariccheda meM donoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai, aura likhA hai ki vorasena ke prasAda se merI baddhi nirmala haI hai aura guNasenAcArya kI bhakti karane se unake prasAda se maiM sAdhu saMpUjita devasena ke pada para pratiSThita humA huuN| jina devasena ke paTra para narendrasena pratiSThita hue ve devasena kauna haiM ? yaha vicAraNIya hai| narendrasena ke samaya kI saMgati ko dekhate hue mujhe to yaha saMbhava pratIta hotA hai ki dUbakuNDa ke stambha lekha meM, jo saMvat 1152 meM 1. yo'bhUcchI vIraseno vibudhajana kRtArAdhano ' gAmavRttiH / / tasmAlagdhi prasAde mayi bhavatu ca me buddhi vRkSo vizuddhiH // 224 so'yaM zrI guraNasena saMyamapara pradhyaktabhaktiH sadA, sattIti tanute jinezvaramahAsiddhAntamArge girH| bhUtvA so'pi narendrasena iti vA yAsyatyavazyaM padam, zrI devasya samastasAghumahitaM tasya prasAdAntataH // 225

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 362 utkIrNa huA hai|" jisameM saM0 1152 vaMzAkhasudi paJcabhyAM zrI kASThAsaMgha mahAcAryavarya zrIdevasena pAdukA yugalam " lekha aMkita hai usake bhAga meM eka khaNDita mUrti aMkita hai jisapara zrI deva ( sena ) likhA hai| isa samaya ke sAtha prastuta narendrasena kA samaya ThIka baiTha jAtA hai / arthAt prastuta narendrasena vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke vidvAna haiN| kyoMki lADavAgaDa gaNa ke jayasena ne apanA 'dharmaratnAkara' saM0 1055 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| unase cauthI pIr3hI meM prastuta narendrasena hue haiN| yadi eka pIr3hI kA samaya kama se kama 20 varSa mAnA jAya to tIna pIDhiyoM kA samaya 60 varSa hotA hai, use 1055 meM jor3ane para saM0 1115 hotA hai| isake bAda narendrasena kA samaya zuru hotA hai / zrarthAt narendrasena saM0 1120 se 1160 ke vidvAna Thaharate haiM / grantha racanA / eka siddhAntasArasaMgraha aura dUsarI kRti pratiSThAdIpaka hai jinakI zloka saMkhyA 1624 hai / isa grantha meM gRddhapicchAcArya isa samaya inakI do kRtiyAM prasiddha haiN| siddhAntasAra saMgraha meM 12 pariccheda yA adhikAra haiM, ke tattvArtha sUtra kA eka prakAra se prakaTIkaraNa hai| isake sAtha hI anya aneka bAtoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| prathama pariccheda meM samyagdarzana kA varNana hai, aura dvitIya pariccheda meM samyagjJAna kA nirUpaNa hai| tIsare pariccheda meM samyak cAritra kA tathA ahiMsAdi paMcayatoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| cauthe pariccheda meM anya matAntaroM kA varNana kiyA hai| pAMcaveM pariccheda meM jIva tattva kA kathana kiyA hai / aura chaThe pariccheda meM naraka gati kA varNana hai / sAtaveM pariccheda ke 234 padmoM meM madhyaloka kA kathana kiyA hai / aura AThaveM pariccheda meM 146 padyoM dvArA gatyanuvAda dvAra se jIvatattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| nauveM pariccheda ke 225 padyoM meM ajIva prasava aura baMdha tatva kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / 10 veM pariccheda ke 166 padyoM dvArA nirjarA aura prAyazcitta kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / 11 veM pariccheda ke 101 padyoM meM mokSa tatva kA varNana kiyA hai aura antima 12 vaM pariccheda ke 61 padmoM meM kevalajJAna kI prApti ke liye dhArAdhanA kA kathana kiyA hai| inakI dUsarI kRti pratiSThA dIpaka hai jise unhoMne pUrvAcAryAnusAra racA hai, aura jo abhI bhraprakAzita hai| grantha ke anta meM prazasti nahIM hai| isameM jinamandira, jinamUrti Adi ke nirmANa meM tithi, nakSatra, yoga grAdi kA varNana, tathA sthApya sthApaka aura sthApanA kA kathana kiyA hai| usake prAraMbha ke maMgala padya isa prakAra haiM:vizvavizvambharAbhAradhAri dharmadhurandharaH / bemAdvo maGgalaM devo divyaM zrImunisuvrataH // namaskRtya jinAdhIzaM pratiSThAsAra dIpakam / vakSye buddhyanusAreNa anta meM likhA hai --- pUrvasU rimatAnugam // sarvagranthAnusAreNa saMkSepAcitaM mayA / pratiSThAdIpaka zAstra zoSayantu vicakSaNAH // kavi siddha aura siMha kavi siddha paMpAiya aura devaNa kA putra thaa| usane apabhraMza bhASA meM pajjuNNa cariu (pradya umnacarita) kI racanA kI thI, kintu vaha grantha kisI taraha khaNDita ho gayA thA aura usI avasthA meM vaha siMha kavi ko prApta humA / kavi siMha ne usakA samuddhAra kiyA thA, jaisA ki nimna vAkya se prakaTa hai: 1. See Archeological Survey of India VoL 20 P. 102 2. puraNa paMpAiya deva gaMdagu bhavivaraNa erAyaNANaMva / buddhapaNa jaNa eya paMkava chappau, bhai siddha paNamiya paramappala || "

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gyArahavI aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcAyeM tAsu 'es fear ho virayaMta ho viNAsu, saMpattau kammavaseNa ' para kajjaM para kavaM vihataM jeSTi uddhariyaM" (pajjuNNaca0 pra0) kavi siddha ne ise kaba banAyA, isakA koI ullekha nahIM milatA / kavi siMha gurjara kula meM utpanna huA thA, jo eka pratiSThita kula thaa| usameM aneka dharmaniSTha vyakti ho cuke haiM / kavi ke pitA kA nAma budha ralhana thA, jo vidvAna the| mAtA kA nAma jinamatI thA, jo zIlAdi sadguNoM se vibhUSita thii| kavi ke tona bhAI aura the, jinakA nAma zubhaMkara, guNapravara aura sAdhAraNa thaa| ye tInoM bhAI dharmAtmA aura sundara zarIra vAle the| kavi siMha svayaM prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza aura dezI ina cAra bhASAoM meM nipuNa thA / kavi ne pajjuNNa carita kI racanA binA kisI kI sahAyatA ke ko thI / usane apane ko bhava-bhedana meM samartha, zamI tathA kavitva ke garva sahita prakaTa kiyA hai| kavi ne apane ko, kavitA karane meM jisakI koI samAnatA na kara sake aisA asAdhAraNa kAvya pratibhA vAlA vidvAna batalAyA hai| sAtha hI vaha vastu ke sAra-prasAra ke vicAra karane meM sundara buddhivAlA samIcIna, vidvAnoM meM agraNI, sarva vidvAnoM kI vidvattA kA sampAdaka, satkavi thA / usI ne isa kAvya grantha kA nirmANa kiyA hai| sAtha hI kavi ne apanI laghutA vyakta karate hue apane ko chanda alaMkAra aura vyAkaraNa se anabhijJa, tarka zAstra ko nahIM jAnane vAlA aura sAhitya kA nAma bhI jisake karNagocara nahIM huA, aisA kavi siMha sarasvatI devI ke prasAda ko prAptakara satkaviyoM meM agraNI mAnya tathA manasvI priya huA hai / 1. jAtaH zrI nijadharmakarma nirataH zAstrArthaM sarvapriyo, bhASAbhiH pravavatubhirabhavacchrI sahanAmA kaviH / putro ralhaNa paMDitasya matimAn zrIgurjarAgo miha / iSTi jJAta - caritra bhUSitatanurvaze trizAletau / / - pajjuSNa caritra kI 13vIM saMdhi ke prAraMbha kA padya 263 2. "sAhAyyaM samavApya nAtha sukaveH pradyamana kAlyasya yaH / bhUd bhavabhedacaturaH zrI siMha nAmA zamI / sAmyaM tasya kavitva sahitaH ko nAma jAto'vano zrImatI supathe sArthaH pravRtteH kSamA / / " -caudahavIM saMdhi ke anta meM sArAsAra vicAra cAra dhiSaNaH sadhImatAmagraNI / jAtaH satkaviratnamayaM viduSAM vaiduSya saMpAdakaH / yenedaM caritaM pragalbha manasA zAMtaH pramodAspadaM / pradya umnasya kRtaM kRtavitAM jIyAt sa siMhaH kSitau // vIM saMdhi ke anta meM 3. chando'kRti lakSaNaM na patiM nAbhAvi tarkAgamo; jAtaM haMtana karagocaracaraM sAhitya nAmA'pi ca / siMhaH satkariNI samabhavat prApya prasAdaM para, vAgdevyAH mukavitya jAtayazasA mAnyo manasvipriyaH //

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164 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa guruparamparA kavivara siMha ke guru muni puGgava bhaTTAraka amRtacandra the, jAtapa-teja ke divAkara, aura vrata niyama tathA zIla ke ratnAkara (samudra) the / tarka rUpI laharoM se jinhoMne paramata ko kolita kara diyA thA ugamagA diyA thAjo uttama vyAkaraNa rUpa padoM ke prasAraka the, jinake brahmacarya ke teja ke prAge kAmadeva dUra se hI baMkita ( khaDita) hone kI AzaMkA se mAno chipa gayA thA vaha unake samIpa nahIM AsakatA thA - isase unake pUrNa brahmacarya niSTha hone kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai' / - bhAga 2 kavi ne antima prazasti meM pramRtacandra ko paravAdiyoM ko bAda meM harAne meM samartha aura zruta kaMvalI ke samAna dharma kA vyAkhyAtA batalAyA hai / 1. jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha 10 210 20 2. dekho, 'amRtacandra kA samaya' zIrSaka lekha, anekAnta varSa 8 ki0 4-5 / 3. amiya mayaMda gurUNaM AesaM laddevi jhati iya kaSvaM / prastuta bhaTTAraka bhramRtacandra una prAcArya amRta candra se bhinna haiM, jo prAcArya kundakunda ke samayasArAdi prAbhRtatraya ke TIkAkAra aura puruSArtha siddhayupAya yAdi granthoM ke racayitA haiM / ve loka meM 'Thakkara' upanAma se bhI prasiddha haiM / unakI samasta racanAoM kA jaina samAja meM bar3A samAdara hai| ve vikrama kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| unakA samaya paTTAvalI meM saM0 662 diyA huA hai jo ThIka jAna par3atA hai / kintu ukta bhaTTAraka amRtacandra ke guru mAdhavacandra the, jo pratyakSa dharma upazama, dama, kSamA ke dhAraka aura indriya tathA kaSAyoM ke vijetA the, aura jo usa samaya 'maladhArI deva' ke nAma se prasiddha the, aura yama tathA niyama se sambaddha the / 'maladhArI eka upAdhi thI, jo usa samaya ke kisI-kisI sAdhu sampradAya meM pracalita thI / isa upAdhi ke dhAraka aneka vidvAna AcArya ho gaye haiN| vastutaH yaha upAdhi una muni puMgavoM ko prApta hotI thI, jo durdhara parISadoM, vividha ghora upasargoM aura zIta-uSNa tathA varSA kI bAdhA sahate hue bhI kabhI kaSTa kA anubhava nahIM karate the / aura pasIne se tara vatara zarIra hone para dhUli ke kaNoM ke saMsarga se malina zarIra ko sApha na karane tathA pAnI se dhone yA nahAne jaisI ghora bAdhA ko bhI saha lete the| aise muni puMgava hI ukta upAdhi se alaMkRta kiye jAte the / amRtacandra bhramaNa karate hue bamhaNavADa nagara meM Aye the / inhIM amRtacandra guru ke prAdeza se pajjuSNa cariu kI racanA kavi ne kI hai / racanA kAla kavi ne grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyA, jisase usake nizcaya karane meM bar3I kaThinAI upasthita ho rahI hai / grantha prazasti meM 'mhaNavADa' nagara kA varNana karate hue mAtra itanA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki usa samaya vahAM raNadhorI yA raNadhIra kA putra ballAla thA, jo arNorAja kA kSaya karane ke liye kAlasvarUpa thA / aura jisakA mAMDalika nRtya prathavA sAmanta guhila vaMzIya kSatrI bhullaga usa samaya bamhaNavADa kA zAsaka thA isase ukta rAjAoM ke rAjya kAla kA parijJAna nahIM hotA / prAcArya somaprabha, prAcArya hemacandra aura somatilaka sUri ke kumArapAla carita sambandhI granthoM meM 4. sassira gaMdaNa-varaNa saMu maTha-vihAra-jirA bhavantara varSA / pra mna carita ko aMtima prazasti bamhaNabATa zAmeM paTTaNu, ariNaraNAha seAdala SaTTaNu / jo bhujai barilaya kAla ho, raNadhoriya ho subaho ballAla ho / jAnu bhictudujjaNa mAsalla, khasiu guhila ut jahi bhullara // mna carita kI prazasti pradya

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya ballAla ko mAlavarAja likhA hai, aura yaha bhI likhA hai ki ballAla para car3hAI karane vAle senApati ne zatru kA zira cheda karake kumArapAla ko vijaya patAkA ujjayinI ke rAjamahala para phaharA do / udayagiri (bhelasA) meM kumArapAla ke do lekha saM0 1220 aura 1222 ke mile haiM, jinameM kumArapAla ko avantinAtha kahA gayA hai| mAlavarAja ballAla ko mAra kara kumArapAla avantinAtha khlaayaa| maMtrI tejapAla ke prAbU ke laNa basati gata saM0 1287 ke lekha meM mAlavA ke rAjA ballAla ko yazodhavala dvArA mAre jAne kA ullekha hai / / yaha yazodhavala vikramasiMha kA bhatIjA thaa| vikramasiMha ke kaida ho jAne para gaddI para baiThA thaa| yaha kumAra pAla kA mAMDalika sAmanta athavA bhRtya thA, mere isa kathana kI puSTi acalezvara mandira ke zilAlekha gata nimna padya se bhI hotI hai "tasmAnmahI..."viditAnyakalatrapAtra, sparzo yazoSavala ityavalambata sm| yo garjarakSitipatipratipakSamAjau, ballAlamAlabhata mAlava medinIndram / / " yazodhavala kA vi0 saM0 1202 (san 1145) kA eka zilAlekha ajarI gAMva se milA hai, jisameM--'pramAra vaMzodabhava mahAmaNDalezvara zrIyazodhavala rAjye' vAkya dvArA yazodhavala ko paramAra vaMza kA maNDalazvara sacita kiyA hai / yazodhabala rAmadeva kA putra thA, isakI rAnI kA nAma saubhAgyadevI thaa| isake do putra the, jinameM eka kA nAma dhArAvarSe aura dUsare kA nAma pralhAdadeva thaa| inameM yazodhavala ke bAda rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI dhArAvarSa thA / vaha bahuta hI vIra aura pratApI thA / isakI prazaMsA vastUpAla tejapAla prazasti ke 36veM padya meM pAI jAtI hai| dhArAvarSa kA saM0 1220 eka lekha 'kAyadA' gAMva ke bAhara, kAzI vizvezvara ke mandira se prApta huyA hai| yadyapi isakI mRtyu kA koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM milA, phira bhI usakI mRtyu ukta saM0 1220 ke samaya taka yA usake antargata jAnanI caahie| kumArapAla jaba gujarAta kI gaddI para baiThA, taba caulUkyarAja ke rAjya kA vistAra sudara prAntoM meM thaa| kumArapAla usakI vyavasthA meM lagA huA thA, usakA maMtrI udayana thaa| udayana kA tIsarA putra cAhaDa bar3A sAhasI praura samaravIra thaa| usa samaya cAhDa kisI kAraNavaza kumArapAla se asantuSTa ho zAkaMbharI nareza arNorAja se zrA milaa| usakI kUTa nIti ke kAraNa mAlavA kA rAjA ballAla aura candrAvatI kA paramAra vikramasiha, paura sapA dalakSa kA cauhAna aNorAja ye tInoM paraspara meM mila ge| inhoMne kumArapAla ke viruddha jabardasta pratikriyA ko| parantu ve usameM saphala nahIM ho sake / kumArapAla ne praNoMrAja se yuddha kara use zaraNAgata hone ko vAdhya kiyA, aura lauTate samaya vikramasiMha ko kaida kara pijarDa meM banda kara le grAyA, aura usakA rAjya usake bhatIje yazodhavala ko de diyaa| phira usane ballAla ko mArA aura isa taraha usane tIna rAjAoM ko parAsta kara mAlavA ko gujarAta meM milAne kA saphala prayatna kiyaa| ballAla kI mRtyu ko ullekha to aneka prazastiyoM meM milatA hai| bar3anagara se prApta kumArapAla kI prazasti ke 15 zlokoM meM ballAla ko hAra aura kumArapAla kI vijaya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| bar3anagara kI 1. rodaH kaMdaravati kI ti laharI liptAmRtAM zuddhate rapraJca mnavazoyazoSadala ityAsIttanujassataH / yanaulukya kumArapAla nRpatiH pratyathitAmAgataM, matvA sasvarameva mAlavapati balnAla mAlabdhavAn / / 2. zatru zreNI galavidAnonnidra nisvizadhAro, dhArAvarSaH samajani mutastasya vizva prazasyaH / kodhAkAnta pradhanavasudhA nizcale yatra jAtAzcotannetrotpala jalakaNa: kokaNAdhIzapatnyaH / 3. degDo, bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza mA0 110 76-77 / 4. Epigraphica Indica V.3P..200

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAga 2 isa prazasti kA kAla san 1151 (vi0 saM0 1208) hai / ataH ballAla kI mRtyu san 1151 (vi0 saM0 1208) se pUrva huI hai| para vicAraNIya yaha hai ki ballAla avanti kA zAsaka kaba banA, aura usakA vaMza kyA thA ? aitihAsika dRSTi se san 1118 taka mAlavA para jayasiMha kA adhikAra rhaa| usake bAda saMbhavataH yazovarmana ke putra jayavarmana ne jayasiMha caulukya ke antima dinoM meM mAlavA ko svatantra kara liyA / kintu vaha usa para adhika samaya zaka zAsana nahIM kara skaa| kalyANa ke cAlukya jagadekamala aura hAyasala narasiMha prathama ne mAlavA para AkramaNa kara diyA aura usakI zakti naSTa kara dI, aura usa deza kI rAjagaddI para ballAla nAma ke vyakti ko baiThA diyaa| isa ghaTanA ke kucha samaya pazcAt san 1050 ke lagabhaga caulukya kamArapAla ne ballAla kA vadha karA kara, bhelasA taka mAlavA kA sArA rAjya apane rAjya meM milA liyA / kheralA gAMva (ji. vetUla) se prApta zilAlekha meM, jo zaka saM0 1076 (san 1957 I0) kA hai, isa zilAlekha meM rAjA narasiMha ballAla aura jaitapAla aisI rAja paramparA do huI hai| yaha zilAlekha khaMDita hai isaliye pUrA nahIM par3hA jA sktaa| eka dUsarA lekha bhI vahIM se prApta huA hai, jo zaka saM0 1064 (san 1972 I0) kA hai / isa lekha kA prArambha "jinAnusiddhiH' vAkya se humA hai| jisase jAna par3atA hai ki ye rAjA jaina the| kintu jaitapAla ko marAThI ke kavi mubundarAja ne vaidika dharma kA upadeza dekara bedAnuyAyI banA liyA thaa| ye saba rAjA ailavaMzI rAjA zrIpAla ke vaMzaja the / kheralA grAma zrIpAla rAjA ke AdhIna thaa| zrIpAla ke sAtha mahamUda gajanavI (san 666 se 1027) ke bhAMje abdula rahamAna kA yuddha huA thaa| tavArIkhae amajadiyA ke anusAra yaha yuddha san 1001I0 meM elicapura aura kheralA grAma ke nikaTa huA thaa| abdula rahamAna kA vivAha ho rahA thA, usI samaya lar3AI chir3a gaI, aura vaha dUlhe ke veza meM hI ldd'aa| isa yuddha meM donoM mAre ge| isa aitihAsika ghaTanA se siddha hai ki ballAla ailavaMzI thA aura usake pUrvajoM kA zAsana ailicapura meM thaa| kalyANa ke cAlukya jagadeka malla aura hoyasala narasiMha prathama ne paramAra rAjA jayavarmana ke viruddha san 1138 ke lagabhaga AkramaNa karake use rAjyacyuta kara diyA, aura apane vizvasta rAjA ballAla ko elicapura se bulA kara mAlavA kA rAjya soMpa diyA / ballAla vahAM 5-7 varSa hI rAjya kara pAyA thA / vaha vIra aura parAkramI zAsaka thaa| utane alpa samaya meM hI usane apanA prabhAva jamA liyA thA aura apane rAjya kA vistAra kara liyA thA kintu san 1143 meM yA usake kucha samaya pazcAt caulukya kumArapAla kI prAjA se candrAvatI ke rAjA vikramasiMha ke bhatIje paramAra vaMzI yazodhavala ne ballAla para AkramaNa karake yuddha meM usakA vadha kara diyA aura usakA sira kumArapAla ke mahaloM ke dvAra para laTakA diyA / usa samaya se kumArapAla avantinAtha ho gyaa| prastu, prastuta ballAla hI Una ke mandiroM kA nirmAtA hai| Upara ke kathana se yaha spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki kumArapAla yazodhavala, ballAla aura arNorAja ye saba rAjA samakAlIna haiM / prastuta pajjuNNa cariu kI racanA IsA kI 12vIM sadI ke madhyakAla ko racanA hai| grantha racanA pajjuNNa cariu ke kartA kavi siddha aura siMha haiM / prastuta grantha eka khaNDa kAvya hai jisameM 15 sandhiyAM haiM aura jinakI zloka saMkhyA sAr3he tIna hajAra ke lagabhaga hai| isameM yaduvaMzI zrIkRSNa ke putra pradyumna kumAra kA jIvana-paricaya guMphita kiyA gayA hai, jo jainiyoM meM prasiddha 24 kAmadevoM meM se 21veM kAmadeva the aura jinheM utpanna hote hI pUrva janma kA vairI eka rAkSasa uThA kara le jAtA hai aura use eka zilA ke nIce rakha detA hai| pazcAt kAla saMvara nAma kA eka vidyAdhara, use le jAtA hai, aura use apanI patnI ko soMpa detA hai| vahAM usakA lAlana-pAlana hotA hai tathA vahAM vaha aneka prakAra kI kalAmoM kI zikSA pAtA hai| usake aneka bhAI bhI kl| vijJa banate haiM, parantu unheM isakI caturatA rucikara nahIM hotI, unakA mana bhI isase nahIM milatA, ve use apane

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 367 dUra karane athavA mArane yA viyukta karane kA prayatna karate haiN| para puNyAtmA jIva sadA sukhI aura sampanna rahate haiN| prataeva vaha kumAra bhI unapara sadA vijayI rhaa| bAraha varSa ke bAda kumAra aneka vidyAoM aura kalApoM se maMyukta hokara vaibhavasahita apane mAtA-pitA se milatA hai| usa samaya putra milana kA dRzya bar3A hI karuNa aura dRSTavya hai / vaha vaivAhika bandhana meM baddha ho kara sAMsArika sukha bhI bhogatA hai, aura bhagavAna neminAtha dvArA yaha jAnakAra ki 12varSa meM dvArASato kA vinAza hogA, vaha bhogoM se virakta ho digambara sAdhu ho jAtA hai aura tapazcaraNa kara pUrNa svAtandhya prApta karatA hai| isI se kavi ne grantha kI pratyeka sandhiM puSpikA meM dharma-artha-kAma aura mokSarUpapuruSArtha catuSTaya se bhUSita batalAyA hai| / grantha kI bhASA meM svAbhAvika mAdhurya aura pada lAlitya hai| rasa alaMkAra aura aneka chaMda bhI usakI sarasatA meM sahAyaka haiN| grantha mahatvapUrNa aura prakAzita hone ke yogya hai / pajjUNNa cariu kI pharuva magara kI 63 patrAtmaka prati meM 10vI saMdhi taka siddha kavikRta prathama saMdhi jaisI puppikA dI huI haiN| aura 11vIM madhi se 15vIM saMdhi taka dusarI puSpikA hai / jinase yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki kavisiMha ne 11voM saMdhi sa 15vIM saMdhi taka 5 saMdhiyoM ko svayaM racA hai| usane pUrva kI saMdhiyoM ke sambandha meM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki kitanI saMdhi pAra samuddhArita kI haiM / kyoMki 11vIM saMdhi kI puSpi kA nimna prakAra hai: "iya pajjuNNa kahAe payaDiya dhammatthakAma mokkhAe buharalhaNa suna kaI sIhaviraiyAe saccamahAdevo mANabhaMgo NAma ekAdazamo saMdhi paribhacheyo smtto|" pagranandi pratI prastuta padmanandi rAddhAnta zubhacandra ke zipya the| inhoMne apane ko ukta zubhacandra kA agra ziSya likhA hai| yaha mahAtapasvI aura adhyAtma zAstra ke bar3e bhArI vidvAna the| aura janAmRtarUpI sAgara ke bar3hAne vAle the| inake vidyAguru kanakanandI paMDita the| inake nAma ke sAtha paMDitadeva, bratI aura muni kI upAdhiyAM pAI jAtI haiN| inhoMne prAcArya amRtacandra ko vacana candrikA se prAdhyAtmika vikAsa prApta kiyA thaa| inhoMne nimbarAja ke sambodhanArtha paanandi kI ekatva saptati kI kagar3I TIkA banAI thii| TIkA kI prazasti meM padyanandI aura nimbarAja ko prazaMsA kI gaI hai| ye nimbarAja ve jAna par3ate haiM jo pArzvakadi kRta 'nimba sAvanta-carite' nAma ke 506 SaTpadI padyAtmaka kannaDa kAvya ke nAyaka haiM / isa kAdhya ke vRttAnta se jJAta hotA hai ki nimbarAja zilAhAravaMzIya gaNDarAditya rAjA ke sAmanta the / inhoMne kolhApura meM 'rUpanArAyaNa' vasadi kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| aura kArtika vadi paMcamI zaka maM. 1058 (vi0 saM0 1183) meM kolhApUra va miraja ke AsapAsa ke grAmoM kI prAya kA dAna bhI diyA thaa| isameM ina padmanandI vratI kA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai| ekatva saptati kI kanaDI TIkA kI antima prazasti isa prakAra hai: zrIpAnandIvatinimiteyam ekatvasaptatyakhilArthapratiH / vattizciraM nimbara prabodhalabdhAtmavRtti jayatAM agatyAm / / svasti zrI rAmacandra raddhAntadevAziSyeNa kanakanandi paNDitavAgrazmivikasita rakamudAnanda zrImadaamRtacandracandrikonmIlita netrotpalAbalokitAzeSAdhyAtmatattvavedinA pacanandimuninA zrImajjana sudhAbdhi dhardhanakarApurNandArA tivIra. zrIpati nimbarAjAvabodhanAya kRtaMkatvasaptatevattiriyam-tayAH saMpravadanti saMtatamiha zrIpadmanandi pratI, kAmadhvaMsaka ityalaM tabanataM teSAM vcssrvthaa|" (-payanandi paMca viMzatikA kI aMgrejI prastAvanA pR0 17) 1. iya pajjuNNa kahAe payaDiya-dhammatya-kAma-mokkhAe kai sikha-virazyAe paThamo saMpI pari samaso 11 // 2. iya pajjuSaNa kahAe papaDiyadhammatya kAma monakhAe buha ralhaNa suna kara sIha viraiyAe pajjuNNa-saMku-bhAraNa-praNiruha NivAraNagamaNaM NAma paNNArahamo pariccheu smto|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 giri koti the prastuta girikIti bhUla saMgha balAtkAra gaNa sarasvatigaccha kundakundAnvaya ke vidvAna candrakIrti ke ziSya / yaha candrakIti meghacandra ke sadharmA the| girikIti ne prazasti meM nimna vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- zrutakIrti candra candra kIrti aura girikIti / yaha apane samaya ke acche vidvAna the| gommaTasAra kI racanA prAcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne cAmuNDarAya ke praznAnusAra kI hai| yaha cAmuNDarAya gaMganareza mArasiMha dvitIya ke zramAtya aura senApati the / inhoMne apanA cAmuNDarAya purANa zaka0 saM0 600 (san 178 I0) meM banAyA / ataH gommaTasAra kI racanA kA bhI vahI samaya hai / girikIti kI ekamAtra kRti gommaTasAra ko paMjikA hai| isa paMjikA kA ullekha abhayacandra ne apanI manda prabodhikA TIkA meM kiyA hai| jo unhoMne gommaTasAra kI racanA ke lagabhaga eka sau solaha varSa bAda zaka saM0 1016 san 1064 (vi0 saM0 1151 ) meM banAkara samApta kI thii| jaisA ki nimna gAthA se spaSTa hai : 368 solaha sahiya sahasse gavasaka kAle pavaDDhamANassa / bhAvasamassasamattA kakSiya maMdIsare esA // prastuta paMjikA kI prati 68 patrAtmaka hai jo saM0 1560 kI pratilipi ko huI hai| paMjikA kI bhASA prAkRta saMskRta mizrita hai| jisameM gommaTasAra jIvakANDa- karmakANDa kI gAthAoM ke viziSTa zabdoM vA vimapadoM kA artha diyA gayA hai| kahIM kahIM vyAkhyA bhI saMkSipta rUpa meM dI gaI | sabhI gAthAoM para paMjikA nahIM hai / paMjikA kI vizeSatA paMjikA kA adhyayana karane se usakI viziSTatA kA anubhava hotA hai| kahIM kahIM saiddhAntika bAtoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, usakI bhI jAnakArI hotI hai| jIvakANDa kI paMjikA meM vastutatva kA vicAra karate hue use puSTa karane ke lie anya granthakAroM ke ullekha bhI uddhRta kiye haiM jisase grantha kI prAmANikatA rhe| usakA Adi maMgala padya nimna prakAra haiM paraNa miya jiNidaM caMdaM gommaTa saMggaha samagga suttANaM / kesipi bhaNissAmo vivaraNa maNNesa samAsijja / / tattha lAva tesi suptAnamA die maMgalaTTha bhaNissa mAgaTThe visaya paiSNara karaNaTThe va kayassa siddha miccAi mAhA suttassarI umrayeNaTTha vivaraNaM kahislAmo taMjAvocche cAro guNasthAnoM meM bhAva kisa apekSA se nirUpita haiM isakA spaSTIkaraNa karate hue likhA hai ki mithyAtvAdi guNasthAnoM meM bhAva darzana moha kI apekSA se kahe gaye haiM, kyoMki avirata guNasthAna taka cAritra nahIM hotA / 1. so jayau vAsupUjjo sivAsu pujJAsupujja-paya- paumo | vimala vasupUjyasudo sudakitti piye piye vAdi // 1 samudiya va candapasAda mudakittimaro jo so kitti bhaNijjada paripujjiya caMdakittiti // 2 jeraNAsesa vasaMtiyA saramaI ThArAMta rAgo haNIM / jaM gADhaM paricabhikaraNa muhayA sojata muddAlAI jassA pugna guNappabhUdayAlaMkAra sohammiri ....... kisideva jadilA teraNAsi graMtho ko / 3 - paMjikA prazasti 2. athavA samchaMna garbhApapAdAnAzritya janma bhavatIti gommaTa paMjikAkArAdInAmabhiprAyaH / go0 jI0 manda prabodhikA TIkA grA0 83

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya ise spaSTa karate hue uktaM ca rUpa se tattvArtha sUtra ke nimna sUtra kA ullekha kiyA hai butaM ca taccaTThayAreNaM "mohakSayAt jJAnadarzanAvaraNajohAntarAyakSayAcca kevalamivi / " mithyAtva ke bhedoM kA kathana karate hue unake nAma zrIra lakSaNa nimna prakAra diye haiM-- ekAnta mithyAtva viparIta mithyAtva, vainayika mithyAtva saMzayita mithyAtva aura ajJAna mithyAtva / ' eyaMta mithyatvAdipratthi ceva, Natthi seva, praNidhvameva, eyameva, ayameva tacca miccAdi sambahAva raNarUpo zrahiSyAyo eyaMta micchata NAma / prahiMsAdilakkhaNa saddhammaphalassa saggApavaggassa hiMsAdi pAvakalalekha paricchedaNAhityAyo vivarIya 366 micchattaNAma | samma saNAdi NiradevakheNa guru- pAya-pU Adi sakkSaNeNa vinaeNeva moklotti ahiSyAnI yeNaiyamicchata NAma / paJcavakhAdiNA pamANeNa paDigejJamANassa prasthassa desaMtare kAlaMtare dha eya sahavAbahAraNANuvattodo, tassa rUva parUyANa mAhimANadaMdajjhamANANaM pi parappara viruddha desamANAmavacayarA NicchayA bhAvAdo idameva taccamidaM Na hovitti pariccheu Na sakkamidi uhatha sAvalaMbI zrahiSyAyo saMsaidamicchataM NAma / vicArijjamA rAmaTTANamavadittA bhAvAvo kathamida merisa jeveti Nicchiyaditti mahiSyAyo praNAma micchataM NAma / patra 33 para sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanA saMyama kA varNana karate hue paMjikAkAra ne donoM kI ekatA kA freqNa karane ke liye bhUtabali bhaTTAraka kA ullekha kiyA hai---" zrado jeya vovhamegasassa vi parUvaNaTTha bhUdabali bhaTTA rahi donhaM ega je gaNasuddhi gahaNaM kadaM / ' patra 34 kI gAthA naM0 481 meM darzana kA lakSaNa karate hue paMjikAkAra ne zrAcArya vIrasena dvArA cacita darzana viSaya kA ullekha nimna zabdoM meM kiyA hai- "eso vIraseNa bhayavaMtANasyacAgamaga hiya sArANaM ca vakkhANa kamo do / puvvAiriya vakkhAraga karma puNa esA gAhA paruvedi / " saMyamI jIvoM kA pramANa chaThe guNasthAna se lekara caudahaveM guNasthAna taka ke jIvoM kA tIna kama nau karor3a batalAyA hai| unheM maiM hAtha jor3a kara namaskAra karatA huuN| ye saba gAthAeM nambara krama ke bheda ke sAtha jIvakANDa meM pAI jAtI haiM / paMjikA kA pUrA adhyayana karane para aneka vizeSa bAtoM kA bodha hogA / jIva kANDa kI paMjikA kA antima maMgala isa prakAra hai je dhvaNasthati vimuhA sAhizca magaccudA, viTTha jehi jaya pamANa- grahaNaM johaNa samma bhadaM / teditu thuvaMtu kiM mamatado, praNArisA jeiyo, se rajjati adIha sAha sahalo sabbo payAso mama // karmakANDa kI paMjikA kA Adi maMgala nimna prakAra hai: maha jiNa calA kamalaM suramaulimaNippahA jalulla siyaM / ha kiraNa kesarasabhamaMta devI kayanbhamaraM // grahakamma bhedaM paruvemANo vijjAe bhavya chiti nimittamidi kADhUNa maMgalaM jiNivaM NamokkAraM karedi paNamiya sirasA mi guNa rayaNa-vibhUsaNaM mahAvIraM / sammata rayaNa - NilayaM paryADasamuvikalaNaM thocchaM // 1 paNa miya samma raya khilayaM prappasarUSa labilakkhaNa samIcInA meva smaraNaM tassa gilaya mAsabaM, kudo gunnrynnbhuunntaado| paryAsamukkittaNaM / payaDIgaM sAraNAvara sAdInaM samma biseseNa kisaNaM kahaNaM jattha taM bocha midi saMbadhyate / jIvane girabasese parUviya sammatte, kimaTTamivaM paruvijjaye / Na, guNAvivIsa pavaneSu paruvijjamAraNesu | moha jogabhavA sakammabhavAiccAisu kammANa mahihANametameva pavivaM / eA samasta sahavaM pravo taba paruSi 1

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paNANaNa pamAdadoSagarimA gayI jahA sadhvaparovayArakaraNamA imesi ime ! . jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 2 jAe jIva meyo ceyaNa sammamavagammariza para samuzkizaNamAraMbhade / kiM tadityAha-vAkya ke sAtha usakI pahalo gAthA kI paMjikA dI gaI hai| mantima bhAga so jayau vAsupujjo sivAsu pujjAsa pujja-paya-paumo / pavimala basupajja vo savakiti piye piyaMvAdikSA samudhiya vi meghacaMdappasAva sudkittiyro| jopto kizi bhaNijjA paripabjiya caMdakisi si // 2 // jeNAsesavasaM ptiyA sarasaI ThAravaMta rAmohaNI, aMgADhaM pari bhiUNa muhayA sojata muddaasii| jassApuSvaguNappabhUvarayaNAlaMkAra sohaggiri ........ kizidevajadiNANAsi gaMyo kamo // 3 // upaNa paNNANa misINamaMti, payojaNaM Naritha tahA vihaM ve kaja bhavece vimirA baharaNaM vAlANamiccastha kayaM mameyaM // 4 // aNNANega pamAvadoSagarimA gaMthassa hovizivA, pAlasseNa va etya jaMNa saMbandhaNijjaM pi meN| taM pukhvAvara sAhasohaNa suhI sohaMtu samma suhI, jaMhA savaparovayArakaraNe saMtogihI dabavA // 5 // eso baMbavi baMdhaNijjamitime vevassa baMdho imo, evaM baMdha Nimitta massa samaye bhedA imesi ime| icce kahivakkameNa imiNA NacyA javI saMgaha, paMcaNhaM paribhAvo bhavabhayaM NiccAsima bccye|6| pA vimalA guraNa gurAI pahuppiyA aMti kiya carmakArA, paMjIraMjiya bhavaNA ciTaThau sakiti kittivya / / jAdaM jatya sa laDa mUlamahime sAhAhi sassohiyaM / sacchAyaM saguNati budita visayaM bhUdevayANaM syaa| dhammArAmuva rAhavassa kaviNo tatthesagaMyo kro| gAme puskhali "----NAmasahiye kAlAmae // // solaha sahiya sahasse gaya sagakAle pavaDhDamANassa / bhAva samastasamatA kattiya vIsare esA // 6 // imisse gaMtha saMkhANa siloehi phaDIkarya / paNNAsehi samaM bucchaM dasayaM vasahiguNaM // 10 // graMtha saMkhyA 5000 / zrIpaMcagurubhyo namaH zubhamastu bhavyalokAya / gommada paMjikA nAma gommaTasAra TippaNaM samAptaM / meghacandra vidyadeva meSacandra nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gaye haiN| unameM sakalacandra ke ziSya megha candra kA yahAM paricaya diyA jA rahA hai / yaha medhacandra mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa aura pustaka gaccha ke the| nyAya, vyAkaraNa siddhAnta prAdi sabhI viSayoM ke adhikArI vidvAna the| isI kAraNa zravaNabelagola ke 47veM zilAlekha meM prApako bar3I prazaMsA kI gaI hai aura batalAyA hai ki prAcArya meSacandra siddhAnta meM vIrasena, tarka meM prakalaMkadeva aura vyAkaraNa meM pUjyapAda ke samAna vidvAna the| vidya inakI upAdhi thI paura yaha vidyacakrezvara kahalAte the| zrI mUlasaMghakRta pustaka gaccha vezIyocadagaNAdhipa sutAkika ckrvrtii| saiddhAntikezvara zisAmaNi meghacandrastraM vicadeva iti sadvikhuSAH stuvanti / / 1. gurapazcandra ke sagharmA meSacandra / nayakIti ke ziSya meSacandra, namakIti kA svargavAsa pAka saM0 1.69 (san 1977) meM hanA thaa| bAlacandra ke ziSya meSacandra, mASanandI vratI ke ziSya meSacandra / aura sakalacandra ke ziSya meSacandra, jo vidyamazvara nAma se prasiddha the|

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gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 37. siddhAnte jina vIrasena sadazaH zAstrAmjamA-bhAskaraH SaTatadhyakalaMkaveva vibudhaH sakSAvayaM bhuutle| sarva vyAkaraNe vipazcivadhipaH zrIpUjyapAvaH svayaM / vidyottama meghazcandra muniyo vAvIbhapaMcAnanaH / / inake ziSya vIranandI prAcArya ne prAcArasAra ko prazasti meM unheM siddhAntArNavapUrNatArakapati' yogIndra cUr3AmaNi, praura vidyavibhUSaNa mAdi vizeSaNoM ke sAtha ullekhita kiyA hai / yathA siddhAntArNava pUrNatArakapatistakamyuijAhapatiH zagdoghAnavanAmatoksaraNiryogIndracUDAmaNiH / vidyAparasArtha nAma vibhavaH prod dhUtacetobhavaH, stheyAvazyamRtAvanImRdazaniH zrImeghacandro muniH / / 30 yadvAchI ravataMsa maNDanamaNigdhavigdhatviSAm yAcAritra vicitratA zamabhRtAM sUtraM pavitrAtmanAm / yatkItirtha balaprasAdhanadhuraM patta dharA yoSitaH, sa vidyAvibhUSaNaM vijayate bhImeSacandro muniH // 31 jayaneka ziSya the| nIranandI, anantakIrti. prabhAcandra aura zubhakIrti / lekha naM0 50 meM meSacandrabidya deva ke ziSya prabhAcandra ko prAgama kA jJAtA vIra vIranandI ko bhAro saiddhAntika batalAyA hai| ina prabhAcandra kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1068 (san 1946I0) aura vi0 saM0 1203 meM huA thaa| inameM vIranando 'AcArasAra ke kartA haiM, aura jinhoMne usakI svopajJa kanar3I TIkA zaka saM01076 (san 1153 I.) meM banAkara samApta ko thii| medhacandravidyadeva kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1037 vi0 sa0 1172) meM magazira sudI caturdazI vahaspativAra ke dina dhanurlagna meM huA thaa| jaisA ki zravaNavelagola ke zilAlekha naM. 47 ke nimna vAkyoM se prakaTa hai-- ___ "saka varSa 1037 neyamanmatha saMvatsarava mArgasira suddha 14 bRhabAra dhanurlagnada pUrvAhna vArudhali meyappaggala zrImUlasaGghada desiyagaNada pustakagacchava zrImedhacandra vidyadevartammayasAnakAlamavaritu palpaGkAsana bolida prAramabhAvaneyaM bhAvisuta' devalokke sambarAbhAva neyanta pudendodde|" prataH ina meghacandra kA samaya vi. kI 12 vIM zatAbdI sunizcita hai| zAntiSaNa yaha kASThAsaMghAntamaMta mAthurasaMgha ke vidvAna amitagati (dvitIya) ke ziSya the| jinhoMne apane caraNa kamaloM. para mahIza ko namA diyA thaa| cUki amitagati dvitIya kA samaya saMvat 1050 se 1073 hai| ataH unake ziSya zAntiSaNa kA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI kA mantima bhAga honA caahiye| pramarasena zAntiSeNa ke ziSya aura mAthurasaMgha ke pradhipa amarasena hue, jo pApoM kA nAza karane vAle the-mAharasaMbhAhiu amaraseNa taho hau viNeu pUNa haya-pUreNa " (SaT karmopadeza prshsti)| inakA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI kA madhya bhAga saMbhava hai| zrISeNasUri yaha amarasena suri ke ziSya the| mAthurasaMgha ke paMDitoM meM pradhAna aura vAdirUpI vana ke liye kRzAnu(agni) 1. garie saMtiseNa taho jAna sIsu, riNaya-caraNa kamala-NAmiya mahIsu-SaTkarmopadeza prshsti|

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372 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 the| inakA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI kA tRtIya caraNa honA cAhiye / "siriseNu paMDita pahANu, saho tiisvaaiy-kaannnn-kisaannu|" nemicandra yaha kavi apane samaya meM bahata prasiddha thaa| vIra vallAla deva aura lakSmaNa deva ina do rAjAmoM ko sabhA meM isakI bar3I pratiSThA thI / kalAkAnta, kavirAja malla, kavi dhavala, zRGgArakArAgaha, kavirAja kaMjara, sAhitya vidyA ghara, vidyAvadhUvallabha, sukavikaNThAbharaNa, vizvavidyA vinoda, catuSiA kavi cakravartI, sukara kavi zekhara, Adi isake viruda the / isakI do kRtiyAM upalabdha haiM-lIlAvatI aura neminAtha purANa / inameM lIlAvatI kanar3I bhASA kA campU grantha hai| isameM 14 AzvAsa haiN| kavi ne ise kevala eka varSa meM banAkara samApta kiyA thaa| yaha grantha mukhyataH zRgArAtmaka hai| karnATaka kavi carita meM isakI kathA kA sAra nimna prakAra diyA hai: kadambavazIya rAjAroM kI rAjadhAnI jayantIpura prathavA janavAsa nAma ke nagara meM thii| vahA~ cUDAmaNi nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usako pradhAna rAnI kA nAma papAvatI aura putra kA nAma kandarpa deva thA / guNagandha nAmA saMzakA puma makaranda rAmakumAra kA bahuta hI pyArA mitra thaa| kandarpa eka dina svapna meM eka rUpavatI strI kA darzana karake usa para atyanta prAsakta ho gyaa| dUsare dina usa strI ko khoja meM vaha apane mitra ke sAtha usa dizA kI ora cala diyA, jisa dizA kI ora usane use svapna meM jAte dekhA thaa| calate-calate vaha kusumapura nAma ke nagara meM phuNcaa| vahA~ ke rAjA zRgArazekhara kI lIlAvatI nAma ko eka rUpavatI rAjakumArI thii| isa rAjakumArI ne bhI svapna meM eka rAjakumAra ko dekhA thA aura usa para apanA tana mana vAra diyA thaa| svapnadRSTa rAjakumAra kI khoja meM usane kaI duta idhara-udhara bheje the| una dUtoM ke dvArA lIlAvatI aura kandarpa kA paricaya ho gayA, aura anta meM una donoM kA vivAha ho gyaa| lIlAvatI ko prApta karake kandarpa apano rAjadhAnI ko lauTa pAyA aura sukhapUrvaka rAjya-kArya sampAdana karane lgaa|" isakA kathA bhAga subandhu kavi kI vAsavadattA kA anukaraNa mAlUma hotA hai| ' lIlAvatI kI racanA sarasa aura sundara hai / isakI racanA gaMbhIra, zRgArarasapUrita aura hRdayahAriNI hai / isase kavi ko pratibhA, zabda sAmagrI kA cayana aura vAkyapaddhati ananyasAdhAraNa pratIta hotI hai| kavi kI dUsarI kRti 'neminAtha purAga' hai| isameM bAIsaveM tIrthakara neminAtha kA jIvana-paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai / yaha grantha kavi ne vIravallAla nareza (1171-1216)ke padyanAbha nAmaka maMtrI kI preraNA se banAyA thaa| yaha graMtha adhurA jAna par3atA hai| kyoMki isake prAraMbha meM yaha pratijJA kI gaI hai ki neminAtha kI kathA meM gauNatA se vAsudeva kRSNa bhora kandarpa kI kathA kA bhI samAveza kiyA jAyagA, parantu AThaveM bhAzyAsa meM kaMsavadha taka kA kathA bhAga pAyA jAtA hai| jAna par3atA hai, grantha pUrNa hone se pahale hI kavi divaMgata ho gayA ho| isa kAraNa grantha kA nAma 'ardhanemi' kahA jAne lagA hai / isa prantha ke prAraMbha meM tIthakara, siddha, yakSa yakSiNI aura gaNadhara kI stuti ke bAda gaddhapiccha prAcArya se lekara pUjyapAda paryanta pUrvAcAryoM kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| grantha ke pratyeka pAzvAsa ke anta meM nimnalikhita gacha milatA hai-"iti mapada bandha bandhura sarasvatIsaubhAgya vyaMgya bhaMgI nidhAna boparvAta-caturbhASAkavi cakravarvAta memicandra kRte bhImatpratApa cakravati zrI vIra ballAla prasAbAsAvita-mahApradhAna padavovirAjita-sajjevalla padma mAnadevakArite neminAtha puraanne|" lIlAvatI grantha ke anta meM isane eka padya meM likhA hai ki rAjA lakSmaNadeva samudra balayAMkita pRthvI kA svAmI hai| ukta lakSmaNadeva kA karNapArya (1140) ne apane neminAthapurANa meM ullekha kiyA hai / karNapArya ke samaya meM lakSmaNadeva siMhAsanArU nahIM huA thA, usakA pitA yA bar3A bhAI vijayAditya rAjya karatA thaa| parantu kavi nemicandra ke samaya baha rAjya kA svAmI thaa| isase kavi nemicandra kA samaya karNapArya ke bAda kA nizcita hotA hai| nemicandra ne nemi purANa kI racanA jisa vIraballAla ke maMtrI padmanAbha kI preraNA se kI hai, usakA samaya 1172 se 1216 paryanta hai| isase bhI ukta samaya yathArtha pratIta hotA hai / kavinemicandra IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke caturtha caraNa

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2 gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya 373 aura vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM / kannar3a bhASA ke janna, pArtha, kamalabhava, Adi katriyoM ne kavi nemicandra kI prazaMsA kI hai| zrIdhara yaha jyotiSa zAstra ke viziSTa vidvAna the / yaha karnATaka prAnta ke jaina brAhmaNa the, aura belabula nADAMtargata nariguMda ke nivAsI the| inakI mAtA kA nAma avokA aura pitA kA nAma baladeva zarmA thA / inhoMne apane pitA se hI saMskRta aura kannaDa granthoM kA gradhyayana kiyA thaa| prArambha meM yaha zaiva dharmAnuyAyI the, kintu bAda meM jaina dharmAnuyAyI ho gae the / yaha gaNitazAstra ke acche vidvAna the| inakA samaya IsA kI dazavIM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga aura saMbhavataH 11vIM kA prAraMbha rahA hai| inakI gaNitasAra aura jyotirjJAna nidhi do racanAeM saMskRta bhASA meM hai aura jAtaka tilaka kannaDa bhASA kI racanA hai / gaNitasAra meM abhinna guNaka, bhAgahAra, varga, vargamUla, ghana, ghanamUla bhinna samaccheda, bhAgajA prabhAgajAti, bhAgAnubandha bhAgamAtra jAti, vairAzika, saptarAzika, navarAzika, bhANDapratibhANDa, mizra vyavahAra eka patrIkaraNa, suvarNa gaNita, prakSepaka gaNita, kraya-vikraya, zreNI vyavahAra aura kASTaka vyavahAra Adi gaNitoM kA kathana kiyA hai| jyotijJAnanidhi - yaha jyotiSa kA prArambhika grantha hai| isake prArambha meM saMvatsaroM ke nAma, nakSatroM ke nAma, yoga karaNa aura unake zubhA zubha phala diye haiN| isameM vyavahAropayogI jyotiSa kA varNana hai / 1 taka tilaka - kannaDa bhASA kA grantha hai | yaha jAtaka sambandhI racanA hai / yaha kanda vRttoM meM racA gayA hai isameM 24 adhikAra haiN| isameM lagna, graha, grahayoga aura janmakuNDalI sambandhI phalAdeza kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha ko zrIdharAcArya ne pazcimI cAlukya nareza somezvara prathama ke rAjyakAla meM banAyA yA / kavi ne likhA hai ki maiMne vidvAnoM kI preraNA se jAtaka tilaka kI racanA ko yaha grantha maisUra vizvavidyAlaya kI ora se prakAzita ho cukA hai / vAsavacandra munIndra inheM mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa ke vidvAna AcArya gopanandI ke sagharmA batalAyA hai / yaha karkaza tarkazAstra meM nipuNa the / inhoMne cAlukya rAjadhAnI meM apane vAda parAkrama se 'bAla sarasvati' kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| jaisA ki zilAlekha ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai vAsacandra munIndrandrasyAdvAda tarkaza kakkaMza- dhiSaNaH / cAlukya kaTakamadhye bAla- sarasvatiriti prasiddhiprAptaH // - jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 pR0 116 yaha lekha zaka saM0 1022 (san 1100 I0) meM utkIrNa kiyA gayA hai| prataH vAsavacandra kA samaya IsA kI 11vIM zatAbdI jAna par3atA hai| devendramuni inakI guru-ziSya paramparA jJAta nahIM hai / inakI eka racanA bAlagraha cikitsA hai| isameM bAlakoM kI grahapIr3A kI cikitsA kA varNana hai / grantha prAyaH vAkya rUpa meM hai / kavi kA samaya lagabhaga 1200 IsavI hai| nayakIrtimuni muni nayakIrti mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa ke prAcArya guNacandra siddhAnta cakravartI ke ziSya the / jo jainAgama ke 1

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374 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 vidvAna aura saiddhAntikAgrezvara, cAritra cUDAmaNI, zalyatrayarahita, aura daNDazya ke dhvaMsaka the | nAgadeva maMtrI inake ziSya the| guNacandra muni ke putra mANikyanandI inake sadharmA the| inakI ziSya maMDalI meM meghacandra vratIndra, maladhAri svAmI, zrIdharadeva, dAmanandi vidya, bhAnukIrtimuni, bAlacandra muni, mAghanandimuni, prabhAcandra muni, padmanandI muni aura nemicandra muni ke nAma milate haiM / nayakIrti kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1066 (san 1977) meM vaizAkha zuklA caturdazI zanivAra ko huA thA / jaisA ki zilAlekha ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai zAke ram mranavayu candramasi dummukhyAkhya saMvatsare vaizAkhe dhavale caturdazi dine vAre ca sUyyatmije / pUrvAhna prahare gate'rddhasahite svarga jagAmAtmavAn // vikhyAto nayakIrti deva munipo rAddhAntacakAdhipaH // 23 nAgadeva maMtrI ne apane guru nayakIti kI niSadyA kA nirmANa karAyA thA / mArisakyasena paMDitadeva yaha mUlasaMgha senagaNa pogari gaccha ke vIrasena paMDitadeva kA sagharmA thA / yaha san 1942-43 IsavI meMdubhi varSa puSya zuddha somavAra ko uttarAyaNa saMkrAnti ke samaya pazcimI cAlukya rAjA jagadeka malla dvitIya ke rAjyakAla meM, use 1000 ke praveza para zAsana karane vAle yogezvara senAdhyakSa kI prazaMsA karatA hai aura peDe mayduna mallideva senAdhyakSa kI anumati se jo jiDvalige 70 ke rAjya para zAsana kara rahA thA, isane AvalI ke bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko eka bhUmidAna diyA / aura eka dAna saMbhavataH eka jainamandira ko mudda gAvuNDa aura dUsare logoM dvArA diyA gayA thaa| jo jaMnadharma ke pakke granudhAyI aura bhakta the| yaha dAna ukta vIrasena paNDitadeva ke sahadharmI mANikyasena paNDitadeva ke pAda prakSAlanapUrvaka diyA gayA thaa| isase paNDita mANikyasena kA samaya IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA madhya kAla hai / - ( jaina lekha saMgraha bhA0 3 1056 mahAsena paNDitadeva inakI guru paramparA aura gaNa gacchAdi kA ullekha mere dekhane meM nahIM paayaa| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ke anusAra ye nayasena paNDitadeva ke ziSya the| inakA ullekha padmaprabha maladhArideva ne niyamasAra kI tAtparyavatti meM kiyA hai aura unheM 96 vAdiyoM ke vijetA hone se vizAlakIrti ko utpanna karane vAlA sUcita kiyA hai| tathA 161 gAthA ko vRtti meM 'tathA coktam zrI mahAsena paNDitadevaH -- vAkya ke sAtha nimna padya uddhRta kiyA hai :-- 2 jJAnAmnio na nAbhinno bhinnAbhinnaH kathaMcanaH / jJAnaM pUrvAparIbhUtaM so'yamAtmeti kIrtitaH // 1. sAhitya pramadA mukhAbjamukurazcAritra cUr3AmaNi / zrI jainAgama-vAddhi-varddhana-sudhAzocissamudbhAsate / yazalyatraya - gArava-traya lasaNDa dhvaMsaka - sa zrImAnakIrti deva muniyassaiddhAntikA presaraH // 20 -- jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 0 17 2. ukta ca SaNNavati pADi vijayopArjita vizAlakItibhiH mahAsena paNDitadevaH - yathAvadvastu nirNItiH samyagjJAnaM pradIpacat / tatsvArtha vyavasAyAtmA kathaMcit pramiteH pRthak / / - niyamasAra tAtparya vRti pR0 126

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J gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya yaha svarUpa sambodhana kA padya hai / inakI do kRtiyAM kahI jAtI haiM- eka svarUpa sambodhana zrIra dUsarA 'pramANa nirNaya' svarUpa sambodhana ke kartA ukta mahAsena haiN| inameM svarUpa sambodhana 25 zlokAtmaka eka choTI sI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / usa para kezavAcArya aura zubhacandra ne vRttiyA~ likhI haiN| pramANa nirNaya grantha mere avalokana meM nahIM thaayaa| saMbhavataH vaha prakAzita dazA meM kisI grantha bhaMDAra meM hogA / niyamasAra vRtti ke kartA padmaprabha maladhAri deva kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1107 san 1985 IsavI meM huA thA, yaha sunizcita hai / ataH mahAsena paNDitadeva kA samaya san 1985 I0 se pUrvavartI hai| arthAt ve IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kAla ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiM / prabhAcandra prastuta prabhAcandra sUrasthagaNa ke vidvAna the / ye anantavIrya ke praziSya aura bAlacandra muni ke ziSya the| anantavIryaM kI stuti kambadahalli ke zilAlekha meM kI gaI hai| yaha zilAlekha zaka saM0 1040 (san 1918) vi0 saM0 1975 kA hai / zrataeva ina prabhAcandra kA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai / (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 250366 ) prabhAcandra ye saMgha, pustakagaccha deziyagaNa ke prasiddha tArkika vidvAna medhacandra vidyadeva ke pradhAna ziSya the / ina evera far kA svargavAsa zaka varSa neya manmaya saMvatsarada 1037 san 1915 magazira sudi 14 bRhaspativAra ko huA thA / yaha meghacandra sakala candramuni ke ziSya the / ina meghacandra ke dUsare ziSya vIranandI the / prastuta prabhAcandra viSNu varddhana rAjA kI paTTarAnI dharmaparAyaNA, pativratA, satI sAdhvI, jo bhakti meM rukmaNi satyabhAmA tathA sItA jaisI deviyoM ke samAna thI, ke guru the / zaka saM0 1068 (san 1946) vi0 saM0 1203 meM mAsoja sudi 10mI bRhaspativAra ko jinake svargArohaNa kA ullekha zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM0 50 meM pAyA jAtA hai / ina prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva ne apane guru kI niSadyA mahApradhAna daNDanAyaka gaMgarAja dvArA nirmANa karAI thii| meghacandra ke ziSya ina prabhAcandra ne zaka saM0 1041 (san 1116 I0) meM eka mahApUjA pratiSThA karAI thii| isase ina prabhAcandra kA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai / 275 prabhAcandra vidya yaha maDugaNa ke sUrya, samasta zAstroM ke pAragAmI, paravAdigaja mRgarAja aura maMtravAdi makaradhvaja mAdi vizeSaNoM se yukta the aura vIrapura tIrtha ke adhipati muni rAmacandra traividya ke ziSya the / naya-pramANa meM nipuNa evaM 1. enAlsa oNpha di bhANDArakara oriyanTala insTiyUTa mA0 13 pR0 meM DaoN0 e. ena. upAdhye kA lekha / 2. zrI mUla kRta-pustaka gaccha dezIyocadgaNAdhipa sutArkika cakravartI / saMddhAntikezvara zikhAmaNimeghacandra - stravidyadeva iti sadvibudhAH stuvanti / 3. jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 lekha naM0 50 (140) pR0 71 4. jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 150 64 5. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 32 jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 1 0 75

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376 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 tIkSNa buddhi the yaha bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra maMtravAdI the| inheM cAlukya vikrama rAjya saMvat 48 (1124 I.) meM agrahAra grAma seDimba ke nivAsI, nArAyaNa ke bhavatA, vaha kara ghoM ke pAsa kAra, jvAlAmAlinI devI ke bhavata, tathA apane abhicAra homa ke bala se kAMcIpura ke phATakoM ko tor3ane vAle tInasau mahAjanoM ne seDima meM mandira banavAkara bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thI aura mandira para svarNa kalazArohaNa kiyA thaa| mandira kI marammata aura naimittika pUjA ke liye 24 mattara pramANa bhUmi, eka bagIcA aura eka kolhU kA dAna diyA thaa| isase ina prabhAcandra kA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa hai| 1. jinapati matatasvarucirnayapramANapravINanizitamatiH / parahitacaritra pAtro babhI pramAcandra ytinaathH| khyAtastravidyAparanAmA zrIrAmacandramuni tilakaH / piyaziSyatravidyaprabhendu bhaTTArako loke / / -jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA pR0 411

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adhyAya 5 terahavIM aura caudahavIM pAtAbdI ke prAcArya, vidvAna aura kavi kanakacandra munIndra kamalabhava vijayakoti abhayacandra siddhAnsa bamavartI vevasenagaNI bhAnukIti siddhAntadeva muni devacana (pAsanAha 10) municandra (vi0 saM0 1286) jayasena prajitasenAcArya (malaMkAra cintA.) candrakIti zrIdharasena (vizvalocanakoza) pramarakIti vijayavarNI (bhUgArArNava prandrikA) aggaladeva kaSi vAgbhaTa (kAvyAnuzAsama) zrIdhara ravicandra (bArASanA samuccaya) muni vinayacandra raTTakavi mahaMDAsa udayacandra pAsacandra gItadeya paM0 mahAvIra indranandI kavi lakSmaNa yA lAkhU vimalakoti dAmodara meSacandra zrIdhara (bhavisayattakahA kartA) kumudendra mAdhavacandra vidya (kSapaNAsAragadya) guNabhadra muni vinayacandra (sAgaracandra ke ziSya) prabhAvandra rAmacandra mumukSu (puNyAsrama ke kartA) aNDasya vimalakIti zizumAyaNa muni somaveva (zabdArNavacandrikA) pAvapapita kaviharaveSa kavi janna yazaHoti (caMdappaha parija kartA) zrIkIti madanaphoti (mahaMhAsa) mahAbala kavi bhASasena vidha laghu samantabhadra paNDitapravara mAzApara kulacandra upAdhyAya narendrakIti (bahanadi ziSya) sakamacandra bhaTTAraka bAsabasena (yazodhara 50) sakalakIti vAvIndra vizAlakoti nasvi guba mAdirAja mumi pUrNabhA (sukumAlacariu) zubhacandra yogI guragavarma (dvitIya) malliSeNa paNDita

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378 bAlacandra maladhAro vAdirAja dvitIya trivikramadeva bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra bhaTTAraka indranandi (yogazAstra TIkA) devasena bhAvasaMgraha bAla candra kavi vidyAnanda zrutamuni ratna yogIndra kulabhadra kavi nAgarAja prabhAcandra madhura kavi paM0 harapAla (vaidyaka grantha kartA) kezava varNI kavi zrIdhara varddhamAna bhaTTAraka maMgarAja dvitIya abhayacandra guNasUSaNa ayyapArya mAdhanandi yogondra vAdikusukhacandra kaSTa paM0 vAmadeva jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga amarakozi hastimalla paM0 narasena suprabhAcArya bhAskara nandI sulabodhA tattvArtha vattikartA

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terahavIM aura bAda zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi 'kanakacaMdra zrI mUla saMgha kAragaNa meSa pASANa gacchada kanakacandra siddhAntadevara - ( siddhAntadeva ko) maraTAla ke mandira kI pUjA ke vAste dAna diyA gayA hai| isa mandira meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ko bar3I kAyotsarga mUrti virAjamAna hai| usake nIce kanar3I akSaroM meM eka zilAlekha hai| isa mandira ko vaTTakera nivAsI bacipeTTi ne banavAyA thA / [ satyAzraya vIM kulatilaka cAlukyarAjam bhuvanaM kamalla vijaya rAjye zAkA 1045 (vi0 saM0 1970 ) arthAt yaha vikrama ko zatAbdI ke tRtIya caraNa ke vidvAna hai / ] dekho, di0 jaina DAyarekTarI 10 241 ) 12 376 vijayakoti prastuta vijayakIrti zAMtiSeNa guru ke ziSya the| jo lADavAgaDa gaNa kI prAmnAya ke vidvAna devasena kI ziSya paramparA ke the| ye zAntiSeNa durlabhasena sUri ke ziSya the, jinhoMne rAjA bhojadeva kI sabhA meM paMDita ziromaNi graMvarasena di ke samakSa saikar3oM vAdiyoM ko harAyA thA / nirmala buddhi aura zuddha ratnatraya ke dhAraka the| inhoMne dUbakuNDa (caDobha ) gvAliyara ke mandira kI prazasti likhI thI / usameM likhA hai ki vikrama saMvat 1145 meM kacchapaMzI mahArAja vikramasiMha ke rAjya kAla meM muni vijayakIti ke upadeza se jaisavAlavaMzI pAhar3a, kukeka, sUrpaTa devaghara aura mahIcandrAdi catura zrAvakoM ne 750 phITa lambe aura cArasau varga phITa ghoDe aMDAkAra kSetra meM isa vizAla mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura usake saMrakSaNa, pUjana aura jIrNoddhAra ke lie ukta kacchapavaMzI vikramasiMha ne bhUmidAna diyA thA / isa prazasti meM kacchapavaMza ke rAjAoM kI vaMza paramparA ke rAjAoM ke nAmoM kA -- bhImasena, arjunabhUpati, vidyAdhara, rAjyapAla, abhimanyu, zrIbhoja, vijayapAla aura vikramasiMha kA kAvya dRSTi se varNana kiyA hai / aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha prazasti mahatvapUrNa hai| vijayakIrti vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya tRtIya caraNa ke vidvAn haiM / daarit (sulocanA cariu ke kartA) prastuta devasena senagaNa ke vidvAn vimalasena gaNadhara ke ziSya the| inhoMne apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki vIrasena jinasena kI paramparA meM hoTTalamukta nAma ke muni hue, jo rAvaNa kI taraha aneka zIza tathA praneka ziSyarUpa parigraha ke dhAraka the| aura jo sakalAgama se yukta aparigrahI the| unakA ziSya gaNDavimukta hugrA, jinake tapasvI jIvana kA nAma rAmabhadra thaa| inake ziSya saMyama ke dhAraka nirvADideva the / inhIM miDideva ke ziSya maladhArIdeva the, jo zIla guNa rUpa ratna ke dhAraka the| upazama, kSamA ra saMyama rUpa jala ke sAgara, moharUpI mahAmalla vRkSa ke ukhAr3ane ke lie gaja (hAthI) ke samAna the| aura bhavyajana rUpa kumuda bana ke lie zazidhara ( candramA) the| paMcAcAra rUpa parigraha ke dhAraka, paMcasamiti aura guptitraya se samRddha, guNI jana se baMdita aura loka meM prasiddha the / kAmadeva ke bANoM ke prasAra ke nivAraka aura durdhara paMca mahAvratoM ke dhAraka maladhArideva 1. prAsthAnAdhipatI budhAdaviguNe zrIbhojadeve nRpe sabhyeSyaMvarasena paMDita zirastA diSUyammadAn / yonekAn zatazo vyajeSTapaTutA bhISTomo vAdinaH, zAstrAMbhonidhipArago bhagadataH zroNAMtiSeNo guruH // guru caraNa sarojarAghanAvAptapuNya, prabhavadanasaSuddhiH zuddharatnatrayasmAt / ajanivijaya kIrti sUktaratnAva koNI jaladhibhumivaitAM ya: prazasti vyadhatta / (duvakuNDa rekha, jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 210 340 )

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350 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 the, jinakA nAma vimalasena thaa| inhIM vimalasena ke ziSya ukta devasena the jo senagaNa ke vidvAna, dharmAdharma ke vizeSajJa, saMyama ke dhAraka tathA bhavyarUpa kamaloM ke prajJAna tama ke vinAzaka ravi (sUrya) the / zAstroM ke grAhaka, kuzIla ke vinAzaka dharmakathA ke prabhAvaka, ratnatraya ke dhAraka paura jina guNoM meM anurakta the| prastuta devasena mammalapurI meM nivAsa karate the| jaisA ki nimna prazasti vAkya se prakaTa hai :--Niva mammallapuri ho NivasaMte, cArudvANe guNa gaNavaMte / " isase devasena dakSiNa deza ke nivAsI jAna par3ate haiN| inhoMne rAjA kI mammalapurI meM rahate hue sulocanA cariu kI racanA rAkSasa saMvatsara meM zrAvaNa zuklA caturdazI budhavAra ke dina kI thii| grantha ko racanA rAkSasa saMvatsara meM huI hai| rAkSasa saMvatsara sATha saMvatsaroM meM se 46 vAM saMvatsara hai| jyotiSa ko gaNanAnusAra eka rAkSasa saMvatsara san 1075 (vi0 saM01132) meM 29 julAI ko dhAvaNa zuklA budhavAra ke dina par3atA hai aura dUsarA san 1315 (vi0 saM0 1372)meM 16 julAI ko ukta caturdazI budhavAra ke dina par3atA hai| ina donoM samayoM meM 240 varSa kA mantara hai| prataH inameM pahalA san 1075 (vi0 saM01132) isa grantha kI racanA kA sUcaka jAna par3atA hai| muni devasena ne apane se pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA ullekha karate hue bAlmIki, vyAsa, bANa , madhura, haliya govinda, caturmukha svayambha, pUSpadanta aura bhupAla kavi kA nAma diyA hai| inameM puSpadanta kA samaya vi0 saM0 1035 ke lagabhaga hai| aura bhUpAla kavi kA samaya mAcArya guNabhadra ke bAda pora paM0 AzAghara ke pUrvavartI hai / ataH saMbhavataH 11vIM ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| DA. jyoti prasAda ne jaina sandeza zoSAMka 15 meM devasena nAmaka vidvAnoM kA paricaya karAte hue likhA haikalyANi ke cAlukya vaMza meM jayasiMha prathama (1.11.1042) kA uttarAdhikArI somezvara prathama trailokya kA nAma mAhavamalla thA jisakA zAsana kAla lagabhaga 1042-1065 I0) thA, paura jisakA uttarAdhikArI somezvara dvitIya bhUvanekamalla (1068-1075 I.) thaa| somezvara prathama nAma kA rAjA sAmAnyatayA trailokyamalla nAma se prasiddha thA, bar3A pratApI thA, dakSiNa bhArata kA bahubhAga usake bhASIna thaa| mammala nagara bhI usake rAjya meM thaa| mataeva gaMDa vimukta rAmabhadra kA samaya bhI lagabhaga san 1040-1070 I. meM honA cAhiye aura unakI tIsarI pIr3hI meM hone vAle devasena 50 varSa pIke (1920I0) meM hone caahie| ukta sA0 sA0 ne likhA hai eka pratya gaNanA ke anusAra rAkSasa saMvata 1062-63 I0, 1122-23 I0 aura 1152-53 I0 kI tithi meM par3atA thA / ina tInoM tiSiyoM meM se 1122-23 I0 kI tithi hI paSika saMgata pratIta hotI hai| DA. jyoti prasAda ke dvArA batalAI tithi meM aura Upara kI jyotiSa ke anusAra batalAI tithi meM 48 varSa kA antara par3atA hai| vidvAnoM ko isa sambandha meM vicAra kara prastuta devasena kA samaya mAnanA caahie| ve 12voM zatAbdI ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| racanA mumi devasena kI ekamAtra kRti 'suloyaNAcariu hai| prastuta grantha kI 25 sandhiyoM meM bharata cakravartI, (jinake nAma se isa deza kA nAma 'bhAratavarSa' par3A hai) ke senApati jayakumAra kI dharma patnI sulocanA kA, jo kAzI ke rAjA akampana aura suprabhA devI kI suputrI thI, carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai| sulocanA panupama sundarI thii| isake svayambara meM aneka dezoM ke bar3e-bar3e rAjAgaNa pAye the| sulocanA ko dekhakara ve mugdha ho ge| unakA hRdaya kSabdha ho uThA aura usakI prApti kI prabala icchA karane lge| svayaMvara meM sulocanA ne jayakumAra ko cunA, unake gale meM varamAlA DAla dii| isase cakravartI bharata kA putra arkakIrti kura ho uThA, aura usane usameM apanA apamAna 1. prastuta mammalapura tamila pradeza kA mammalapura jAna par3atA hai jisakA nirmANa mahAmalsa pallava ne kiyA thA, jaisA ki DA.dazaratha zarmA ke nimna bApa se prakaTa hai| -Mammalpuram foundedby Mahamalla Pallava jana graMtha pra0saM0bhA02 kAphuThanoTa 2. rakkhasa-saMbaccharavaha-divasae, supaka-cAusi sAvaraNa mAsae / carita munoyapAhi gippAu, saha-attha-vaNNaNa-saMpuSyAu || jaina graMtha zaprasti se0 prA02120

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terahavIM aura cauvIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi 381 samajhA / apane apamAna kA badalA lene ke liye arkakIti aura jayakumAra meM yuddha hotA hai aura anta meM jaya kumAra kI vijaya hotI hai| usa yuddha kA varNana kavi ke zabdoM meM nimna prakAra hai : "bhaDo kovi khaggeNa khaga khalaMto, raNe sammuhe sammaho praannhNto| bhaDo kovi bANeNa bANo dalato, samuddhAi udduddharo NaM kyNto| bhaDo kovi koNa koMta sarato, kare gADha caSako prarI sa pddto| bhaDo kovi khaMDehi khaMDo kayaMgo, lAsaM Na mukko sagA jo ahaMgo / bhaDo kovi saMgAma bhUmi dhulato, vivaNNoha giddhabalI Noya aNto| bhaDo kovi dhAyeNa Nivadi saso, prasiyA vareI parIsANa bhoso| bhaDo kovi rattappavAhe tarato, puraMtappayeNaM saDi sigdha pto| bhaDo kovi mukkA uhe dhanna ittA, rahe diNNayAu viSaNNoha ittaa| bhaDo kovi itthI visANehi bhiSaNo, bhaDo kA vi kaMTho chipaNo nnsssnno| dhattA-tahi avasari Niya roSNu pecchivi srjjjriyu| dhAvada bhuyatolatu jau vaku macchara bhriyu||6-12 yuddha ke samaya sulocanA ne jo kucha vicAra kiyA thA, use granthakAra ne gUMthane kA prayatna kiyA hai| sulocanA ko jinamandira meM baiThe hue jaba yaha mAlUma huA ki mahatAdika putra, bala aura teja sampanna pAMca sau sainika zavapakSa ne mAra DAle haiM, jo terI rakSA ke liye niyukta kiye gae the / taba vaha mAtma nindA karatA haI vicAra karato hai ki yaha saMgrAma mere kAhI naA hai jo bahuta se mainikoM kA vinAzaka hai| prataH mujhe aise jovana se koI prayojana nahIM / yadi yuddha meM meghezvara (jayakumAra) kI jaya hogI aura maiM unheM jIvita dekha lUgI tabhI zarIra ke nimitta prahAra karUMgI / isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya sulocanA ne apane pati kI jIvana-kAmanA ke liye prAhAra kA parityAga kara diyA thaa| isase usake pAtivratya kA uccAdarza sAmane pAtA hai| yathA "imaM jaMpiUrNa pauttaM jayeNaM, tuma eha phaNyA maNohAra vaNNA / surakleha pUrNa pureNeha aNaM, tau joha lakkhA praNeyA asNkhaa| susatthA yariNNA mahaM vikkha viSNA, rahA cAru cidhA gayA jo myNdhaa| mahaMtAya putsA-balA-teya-juttA, sayA pasaMkhA hayA veripkkhaa| purIe gihANaM baraM tuMga gehaM, phuratIha pIsa maNIlaM karAla / piyA tasya rammo vare cita kamme, araMbhIya citA sujllvttaa| Niya soyavaMtI varNa citarvatI, prahaM pASa-yammA alamjA-adhammA / mahaM kajja evaM raNaM aNNa jAyaM.... bahaNaM jarANaM viNAsa kareNaM, mahaM jIvieNaM ga kajjaM praNeNaM / - jayA haMsatAu sa-mehesarAI, sahe maMgavAI imo somraaii| dhattA-esayala visaMgAmi, jIviyamANa kumAra ho| penchami hoI pavitti, to sarIra mAhAra ho / isa taraha grantha kA viSaya aura kathAnaka sundara hai, bhASA sarala moraprasAda guNayukta hai| prastuta grantha eka prAmANika kRti hai; kyoMki prAcArya kundakunda ke prAkRtagAthAbaddha sulocanA carita kA paddhaDiyA prAdi chandoM meM anuvAda mAtra kiyA hai| yaha kundakunda prasiddha sAratraya ke kartA se bhinna jJAta hote haiM ' granthagata caritabhAga bar3A hI 1.jaMgAhA baMdhe Asi utta, siri kunda kunda-garigaNA zikata / / taM evyahi pahiyahi karemi, pari ki pi na gUDha astha depi|| -jaina grantha prazastisaMgraha bhA0 2 pR. 16 ukta padya meM nirdezita kundakunda samayasArAdi granthoM ke racayitA kunda kunda pratIta nahIM hote hai| koI dUsare hI kundakunda mAma ke vidvAn kI racanA sulocanA carita hogii| jisakI devasena ne padaDiyA chanda meM racanA kI hai|

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6-2 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 sundara hai; kyoMki jayakumAra aura sulocanA kA carita svayaM hI pAvana rahA hai / 15 vIM zatAbdI ke kavi rahachU ne apane meghezvara carita meM "mehesarahu cariu sura seNe - vAkya dvArA usakA ullekha kiyA hai / muni devacandra ye mUlasaMgha dezIya gaccha ke vidvAna muni vAsavacandra ke ziSya the jo ratnatraya ke bhUSaNa, guNoM ke nidhAna tathA ajJAna rUpI aMdhakAra ke vinAzaka bhAnu (sUrya) the| prazasti meM unhone apanI guru paramparA nimna prakAra dI hai zrI kIrti, devakIrti, maunideva, mAdhavacandra, abhayanaMdI, vAsavacandra aura devacandra / isa guru paramparA ke atirikta granthakartA ne racanA samaya kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA, hAM racanA kA sthala gurdijja nagara kA pArzvanAtha mandira batalAyA haiM jo kahIM dakSiNa meM avasthita hogA / vAsavacandra nAma ke do vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| prathama vAsavacandra kA ullekha saM0 2011 vaizAkha sudi 7 somavAra ke dina utkIrNa kiye gae khajurAho ke jinanAtha mandira ke lekha meM huA hai jo rAjA dhaMga ke rAjya kAla meM utkIrNa huA thA / dUsare vAsavacandra kA ullekha zravaNa velgola ke 55 veM zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai jo zaka saM0 1012 (vi0 saM0 1147 ) kA khodA huA hai / usake 25 veM padya meM vAsavacandra muni kA nAmollekha hai, jinakI buddhi karkaza tarka karane meM calatI thI, aura jinheM cAlukya rAjA kI rAjadhAnI meM bAla sarasvati kI upAdhi prApta thI / " yadi ye devacandra vAsavacandra ke guru hoM to inakA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ho sakatA | grantha prazasti meM vAsavacandra sUri ko abhayanandI kA dIkSita ziSya batalAyA hai aura likhA hai ki unhoMne cAroM kaSAyoM ko vinaSTa kiyA thA, jo bhavyajano ko zrAnandadAyaka the, aura jinhoMne jina mandiroM kA uddhAra kiyA thA, jaisA ki nimna vAkya se pragaTa hai - 'uddhariyai je jiNamadirAi / ' unhIM ke ziSya devacandra the / grantha ke bhASA sAhityAdi para se vaha 12vIM 13vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kI racanA nahIM jAna pdd'tii| caritra bhI sAmAnyatayA vahI hai / usameM koI khAsa vaiziSTya ke darzana hote / prastuta grantha meM 11 saMndhiyoM aura 202 kaDavaka haiN| jinameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha vA caritra-citraNa kiyA gayA hai / kavi ne dodhaka chanda meM pArzvanAtha kI nizcala dhyAnamudrA ko aMkita hai, usase pAThaka grantha kI zailI se paricita ho sakeMge / tatya silAyale yakku jiNo, saMta mahaMtu tiloma ho baMdI, paMcamahAya-uddaya kaMdho, nimma batta caca viha baMgho / jIvadayA vaha saMga vikko, NaM yaha lakkhaNu dhammu gurukko / janma - jarAmaraNujbhiya vappo vArasabheyatavassa mahappo / moha samaMdha pAva-payaMgo, khaMtilayAsahaNe giritugo / saMjama - sIla bisiya ho, kamma kasAya huAAsaNa ho / puSkaM dharaNa vara tomara dhaMso mokkha-mahAsari kolana haMso / indiya-sampavisahara yeto, prappasarUda samAhi-sarato kevala nANa- payAsaNa- kaM, dhANa purammi niyesiya cakkhU / Nijjiya sAsu palaMdiyavAho, Niccala beha visijjaya-bAho / kaMcana se jahAM thiracitto, doSaka chaMda imo truha buto // " isameM batalAyA gayA hai ki bhagavAna pArzvanAtha eka zilA para dhyAnastha baiThe hue 1. dijja nari jipAsahammi, nivasatu saMtu saMjaya - samma / 2. See Epigraphica Indca Vol T Page 36 2. vAsavacandramunIndrodrasyAdatarpha karkaza - viSaNaH / cAlukyakaTakamadhye bAlasarasvatiriti prasiddhiH prAptaH 11 / ve santa mahanta - jana pantha praza0 bhA02 pR0 24 janazilA le0 saM0 bhA0 1 lekha 25 /

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi freter jIvoM ke dvArA bandanIya hai, paMca mahAvratoM ke dhAraka haiM, nirmama haiM, aura prakRti pradeza sthiti manubhAgarUpa cAra prakAra ke andha se rahita hai dayAlu aura saMga (parigraha) se mukta haiM, dazalakSaNa dharma ke dhAraka haiN| janma, jarA paura maraNa ke darda se rahita haiM / tapa ke dvAdaza bhedoM ke anuSThAtA haiN| moharUpI aMdhakAra ko dUra karane ke liye sUrya samAna haiN| kSamArUpI latA ke prArohaNArthaM ve giri ke samAna unnata haiN| jinakA zarIra saMyama aura zIla se vibhUSita hai| jo karmarUpa kaSAya hutAzana ke liye megha haiM / kAmadeva ke utkRSTa bAgoM ko naSTa karane vAle tathA mokSarUpa mahA sarovara meM kIr3A karane vAle haMsa haiM / indriyarUpI viSadhara sarpoM ko rokane ke liye maMtra haiM / Atma-samAdhi meM calane vAle haiM / kevalajJAna ko prakAzita karane vAle sUrya haiM, nAsAgra dRSTi haiN| zvAsa ko jItane vAle haiM, jinake bahu lambAyamAna haiM aura vyAdhiyoM se rahita jinakA nizcala zarIra hai / jo sumeru parvata ke samAna sthira citta yaha saba kathana pArzvanAtha kI usa dhyAna-samAdhi kA paricAyaka hai jo karmAvaraNa kI nAzaka hai / "n grantha kI yaha prati saM0 1468 ke durmati nAma saMvatsara ke pUsa mahIne ke kRSNa pakSa meM alAuddIna ke rAjya kAla meM bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti ke paTTAdhikArI bhaTTAraka pratApakImika samaya devagiri ke mahAdurga meM agravAla zrAvaka paNDita gAMgadeva ke putra pAsarAja dvArA likhAI gaI hai / sUriH [ zrI vIrasenAkhyo mUlasaMghepi sattapAH / na yaM padavIM bheje jAtarUpa baropi yaH // tataH zrI somaseno'bhUda gaNI guNagaNAzrayaH / tadvineyo'sti yastasyai jayasena tapobhUte // zIghra babhUva mAlU (1) sAdhuH sadA dharmarato vadAnyaH / sUnustataH sAdhu mahIpatistasmAdayaM cAdabhaTastanUjaH // yaH saMtataM sarvavidaH saparyA mArga kamarASanayA karoti / haivane jayasena (prAbhRtatrayake TIkAkAra) yaha mUla saMgha ke vidvAna AcArya vIrasena ke praziSya aura somasena ke ziSya the| jayasena mAlUsAhU ke pautra aura mahIpatisAdhu ke putra the / unakA bAlyakAla kA nAma cArubhaTa thA, ve jina caraNoM ke bhakta aura AcAyoM ke sevaka the| jaisA ki unakI prazasti ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai t. See Introduction of the Pravacansara P. 104 2. dekho, tAtparyavRtti pu0 8 aura AcAra sAra 465-66 zloka 3. svasti zrImanmeSacanda vidyadevara zrI pAdaprasAdAsAditAtmaprabhAva sa yase prAMbhRta nAma grantha puSyat pitubhakti vilopbhii| / / cArubhaTa jaba digambara muni ho gaye taba unake tapasvI jIvana kA nAma jayasena ho gyaa| unhoMne kundakundAcArya ke prAbhRta granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura samayasAra paMcAstikAya aura pravacanasAra tInoM granthoM para vRtti saMskRta bhASA meM banAI, jisakA nAma tAtparya vRtti hai / vRtti ko bhASA sarala aura sugama hai| inameM paMcAstikAya kI vRtti para brahmadeva kI dravyasaMgraha ko TIkA kA prabhAva parilakSita hai| unhoMne somazreSThI ke lie dravya saMgraha ke race jAne ke nimitta kA bhI 'anyatra' dravyasaMgrahAdI somazreSThayAdi jJAtavyaM' nimna zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai| jayasena ne apanI vRtti meM racanA samaya nahIM diyA, phira bhI anya sAdhanoM se unakA samaya DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyAya ne IsA kI 12 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha nizcita kiyA hai', kyoMki inhoMne prAcArya bIranandI ke bAcAra sAra se do padma uddhata kiye haiN| AcArya vIranandI ne zrAcArasAra kI svopajJakanar3I TIkA zaka saM0 1076 (vi0 saM0 1211 ) meM samApta kI thii| vIranandI ke guru meghacandra vidyadeva kA svargavAsa vikrama kI 12 vIM sadI samasta vidyA prabhAva sakala digvati zrI kIti zrImaduvIranandi seddhAntika cakravatiganu zakavarSa 1076 zrImukhanAma saMvatsare jyeSTha zurUSa 1 somavAra daMbu tAbU mADiyA cAra sArakke karNATa vRtti mADida para "

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tre jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 ke upAsya samaya meM arthAt san 1172 meM huA hai| isase jayasena kA samaya vikrama kI 13 vIM sadI kA prArambha ThIka hI hai / jayasena ne prazasti meM tribhuvanacandra nAma ke guru koM namaskAra kiyA hai jo kAmadeva rUpI mahA parvata ke zatakhaNDa karane vAle the / saMbhava hai, somasena inake dIkSA guru hoM aura tribhuvanacandra unake vidyAguru rahe hoN| inakA samaya bhI vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbha hai / jayasena ne samayasAra kI tAtparya vRtti ke anta meM, brahmadeva kI paramAtma prakAza TIkA kI antima bhAvanA kokhA hai kI TIkAkAra bhavya janoM ko kyA karanA cAhie vAkyoM ke sAtha ullikhita hai use, jyoM ke tyoM rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai / zramarakIrti prastuta marakIti kASThAsaMghAntargata uttara mAthura saMgha ke vidvAna muni candrakIrti ke ziSya evaM dhanuja the / bhramara kIrti kI mAtA kA nAma 'catriNI' aura pitA kA nAma 'guNapAla' thaa| inhoMne apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha nimna prakAra kiyA hai' - pramitagati dvitIya (1050 se 1073) ke uttaravartI zAntiSeNa, bhramarasena, zrISeNa, zrIcandra aura amarakIrti / ina vidvAnoM kA aura pramitagati dvitIya se pUrvavartI cAra vidvAnoM kA devasena 'amitagati prathama, nemiSeNa aura mAdhavasena ina saba daza prAcAryoM kA samaya dasavIM zatAbdI se saM0 1247 taka DhAI sau varSa ke lagabhaga isa avicchinna paramparA kA bodha hotA / ina bhramarakIti kI paramparA ke ziSyoM kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA / sirpha eka ziSya kA ullekha upalabdha huA hai, jinakA nAma indranandI hai, jinhoMne zaka saMvat 1980 (vi0 saM0 1315) meM hemacandrAcArya ke yogazAstra para saMskRta TIkA likhI hai| isI paramparA meM udaya candra, bAlacandra aura binayacandra muni hue haiN| samaya kavi amarakIrti kA samaya vikramako 13 vIM zatAbdI hai / kyoMki kavi ne apane maNAhacariu ko saM0 1244 meM bhAdrapada zuklA caturdazI ko samApta kiyA hai aura chakkammovaesa' ( SaTkarmopadeza ) vi0 saM0 1247 bItane para bhAdrapada zuklA 14 guruvAra ke dina Alasa ko dUra kara eka mahIne meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai / SaTkarmopadeza kI racanA gujarAta deza ke mahIyaDu pradeza ke modhA nagara ke prAdinAtha mandira meM baiThakara kI hai| usa samaya gujarAta meM cAlukya athavA solaMkI vaMza ke kaNha yA kRSNanarendra kA rAjya thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI anahilavAr3A thI / jo baMdiggadeva kA putra thaa| parantu itihAsa meM diggadeva aura unake putra kRSNanarendra kA koI ullekha dekhane meM nahIM AyA / usa samaya manahilavAr3e ke siMhAsana para bhIma dvitIya kA rAjya zAsana thaa| inake bAda baghelavaMza kI zAkhA ne apanA rAjya pratiSThita kiyA hai| inakA rAjya saM0 1226 se 1236 taka batalAyA jAtA hai| saMvat 1220 se 1236 taka kumArapAla, ajayapAla aura mUlarAja dvitIya vahAM ke zAsaka rahe haiN| bhIma dvitIya ke zAsana samaya se pUrva hI cAlukya vaMza kI eka zAkhA mahokAMThA pradeza meM pratiSThita ho gaI, jisakI rAjadhAnI godhA thii| isa sambandha 1. anekAnta varSa 20 ki0 3 10 107 2. jaina grantha pravAsti saMgraha bhA0 2 10 56 3. tAhaM rajji baTTa tara vikkamakAligae, bArahasayaca Alae sukkha, jaina grantha prazasti saM0 bhA0 2 10 56 4. cAra sayahaM sasata cayAlihi, vikkama saMbaMcchara ha vidyAlahiM / gahiMma bhaT vaya panavaMtari guruvArammi casi vAsari / isake pAsa hU sammatiu saI liyiu Alasu ahatyika | -- jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha bhA0 2 pR0 13 /

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi meM abhI anveSaNa karane kI mAvazyakatA hai jisase yaha jJAta ho sake ki isa vaMza kI pratiSThA kaba huI, aura rAjya zAsana kaba taka claa| racanAeM kavi ne apanI nimna racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo. saM. 1247 taka ravI jA cukI thIM-(1) miNAhacariu, (2) mahAvIra cariu. (3) jasaharacariu, (4) dharmavarita TippaNa, (5) subhASitaratna nidhi, (6) dharmoMpadeza, (7) bhANapaIva (dhyAnapradIpa), (8) SaT karmopadeza, aura (3) puraMdaravidhAna kathA / inameM kevala tIna racanAeM hI upalabdha hai| ina racanAoM meM pradara vihANa kahA' 'chakkammovaesa' kI dazaboM saMdhi meM samAviSTa hai| isake sAtha hI vahA~ deva pUjA kA vistRta kathana samApta hotA hai| isameM purandara vrata kA vidhAna batalAyA gayA hai| yaha vrata kiso bhI mahIne ke zukla pakSa meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| zukla pakSa ko pratipadA se aSTamI taka proSadhopavAsa karanA caahie| jina pUjana aura udyApana vidhi kA bhI varNana hai| kavi ne ise ambAprasAda ke nimitta se banAyA hai| gemiNAhacariu isa granya meM 25 sandhiyA~ haiM, jinakI zloka saMkhyA chaha hajAra pATha sau paccANave hai| isameM jainiyoM ke bAIsaveM tIthaMkara bhagavAna neminAtha kI jovanagAthA aMkita hai| jo kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| isa grantha ko kavi ne savat 1244 bhAdrapada zuklA caturdazI ko samApta kiyA thaa| yaha prati saM0 1512 ko likhI huI hai, jo sAnAgiri ke bhaTTArakIya zAstrabhaMDAra meM surakSita hai| chakkammovaesa prastuta SaTakarmopadeza meM 14 sandhiyA~ aura 215 kaDavaka haiM, jinakI zloka saMkhyA 2050 ke pramANa ko lie hue haiM / isa grandha ko kavi ne ambAprasAda ke nimitta se banAyA hai| amarakIrti ne isa grantha meM grahasthoM ke paTakamI kAdevapUjA, gurusevA, svAdhyAya (zAstrAbhyAsa) saMyama (iMdriya damana) aura SaTkAya jIva-rakSA, icchA nirodha rUpa tapa. aura dAna rUpa SaTkarmoM kA-kathana kiyA hai / dUsarI sevI sandhi taka devapUjA kA vistRta kathana kiyA gayA hai| jala, candana, makSana, puSpa, naivedya, dIpa, dhUpa, phala aura saghaM, isa praSTa dravya prakArI pUjA, usakA phala, aneka nanana kathA rUpa dRSTAMtoM ke dvArA use sugama yaura grAhya banA diyA hai| dazavoM sandhi meM jina pUjA vidhi ko kathA aura udyApana kI vidhi aMkita kI gaI hai| gyArahavIM saMdhi meM dUsare tIsare gRhastha karma-guru upAsanA aura svAdhyAya kA sundara upadeza diyA hai / svAdhyAya ke vAcanA, pRcchanA, anuprekSA, pAmnAya aura dharmopadeza Adi kA bhI kathana nirdiSTa hai / guru kA svarUpa batalAte hue kahA hai ki mana kI zaMkAnoM kA nivAraNa karane vAlA, zIlavAna, zuddha niSThAvAna, cAritra bhUSaNa, dUSaNoM kA tyAgI ho utkRSTa guru hai| indriya-viSaya-vikArI guru sachidra naukA ke samAna batalAyA hai| prataeva viveko, vidvAna, saMyamo, viSaya-vyApAra se rahita puruSa ko hI guru banAnA zreyaskara hai| 12vIM saMdhi meM saMyama kA upadeza hai| saMyama ke do bheda haiM.--indriyasaMyama aura prANisaMyama / pahale indriya saMyama hai| indriyoM kA asaMyama prApatti kA kAraNa hai| jaba eka eka indriya ke viSaya prANaghAtaka haiM taba pAMghoM hI indriyoM ke viSaya kisa anartha ko utpanna nahIM krte| ataeva indriya-viSayoM kA tyAga z2arUrI hai| mana dvArA hI indriyAM viSayoM meM pravRtti hotI haiN| yadi mana vaza meM ho jAya, use vijita kara liyA jAya to phira iMdriyAM apane viSayoM meM vyApAra nahIM kara sktiiN| prataH mana kA jItanA jarUrI hai| SaTkAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA prANi saMyama hai| isakA pAlana karanA Avazyaka hai| 4. See History of Gujrat in Bombay Gazeteer vol.1

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386 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAga 2 13 vIM saMdhi meM bhI saMyama kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / aura gRhasthoM ke pAMca praNupata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvatoM kA kathana karate hue rAtri bhojana tyAga para jora diyA hai| aura zanta meM samAdhimaraNa kA upadeza hai| usake sAtha hI sandhi samApta ho jAtI hai| antima 14 vIM sandhi meM dAna aura tapa karma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| dAna kI mahattA kA bhI kathana kiyA hai aura usakA phala bhogabhUmi kA sukha batalAyA hai| dAna ko durgati nAzaka aura saba kalyANoM kA kartA batalAyA hai| utkRSTa pAtra dAna kA phala utkRSTa kahA hai| grantha abhI aprakAzita hai, usakA prakAzana honA caahie| zrI candrakIti yaha kASThA saMghAntargata mAthurasaMgha ke vidvAna zrISeNasUri ke dIkSita ziSya the| jo taparUpI lakSmI ke nivAsa aura athijana samUha kI prAzA ko pUrI karane vAle, tathA paravAdirUpI hAthiyoM ke lie magendra the| inake ziSya amarakIti the / jinakI do racanAe~ nemipurANa (1244) aura SaTkarmopadeza (1247) upalabdha haiN| zrIcandrakIrti kA samaya simAma ko 13vI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai / arthAt ve saM0 1220 se 1235 ke vidvAna hone caahie| kavi aggala amgala mUlasaMdha, dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha aura kundakundAnvaya ke vidvAna zrutakIti vidyadeva kA ziSya thaa| isake pitA kA nAma zAntoza aura mAtA kA nAma pocAmbikA thaa| kavi kA janma igalezvara nAma ke grAma meM huA thaa| yaha saMbhavataH kisI rAja parivAra kA prasiddha kavi thA / jaina jaina manohara carita, kavi kula kalabha-dAtayU thAdhinAtha, kAvya-karNadhAra, bhAratI-bAlanetra, sAhityavidyAvinoda, jina samayasAra-keli marAla maura sulalita kavitA nartakI nRtya-raMga Adi inake viruda the| isa kavi kI ekamAtra kRti candraprabha purANa hai, jisameM pAThaveM tIrthakara candraprabha kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| madrAsa lAyanarI meM vilagI nAma ke sthAna kA zilAlekha hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki isane ukta anya apane guru zrutakIti vidya kI AjJA se banAyA thaa| grantha meM 16 pAzvAsa haiN| anya kI bhASA praur3ha aura saMskRta bahula hai / grantha ke pratyeka mAzvAsa ke anta meM nimna puSpikA vAkya pAye jAte haiM-'iti paramapuruSa nAyakRta bhabhatsamaddhata pravacanasaritsarinnAtha- sakIti vidha cakravartI padapapavidhAna dIparvAta zrImadaggaladeva viracite candraprabha carite-diyA hai| grantha kI racanA zaka saM01011 (vi0 saM0 1146) san 1086 meM kI gaI hai| ataH kavi kA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai / kavi zrIdhara kavi vibudha zrIdhara ne apanI racanA meM apanA koI paricaya aura guru paramparA kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kintu itanI mAtra sUcanA dI hai ki balaDai grAma ke jina mandira meM pomaseNa (pagrasena) nAma ke muni aneka zAstroM kA vyAkhyAna karate the| kavi kA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA prArambha hai| anya racanA kavi kI racanA 'sukamAla cari' hai, jisameM chaha sandhiyA~ aura 224 kaDavaka haiM, jinameM sukumAla svAmI kA jIvana-paricaya diyA huA hai| sukUmAla svAmI kA jIvana pratyanta pAvana rahA hai| isI se saMskRta apabhraMza paura hindI bhASA meM likhe gae aneka grantha milate haiN| prastuta carita meM kavi ne sukumAla ke pUrva janma kA vRttAnta 1. puNu vikkhiu taho tasiri-riNavAsu, asthiyaNa-saMgha-buha pUriyAsu / paravAi-kaMbhi-dAraNa-maIdu, miricandakitti jAyau muriNgdu| -baT kamopadeza prazasti

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1. terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya, vidvAna aura kavi de hue likhA hai ki ve pahale janma meM kauzAmbI ke rAjA ke rAjamaMtrI ke putra the aura unakA nAma vAyubhUti thaa| unhoMne roSa meM Akara apanI bhAbhI ke mukha meM lAta mArI thI, jisase kupita ho usane nidAna kiyA thA ki maiM terI isa TAMga ko khAU~gI / anantara aneka paryAyeM dhAraNa kara jainadharma ke prabhAva se ve ujjainI meM seTha putra hue ve bAlya avasthA se hI atyanta sukumAra the, ataeva unakA nAma sukumAla rakhA gyaa| pitA putra kA mukha dekhate hI dIkSita ho gayA aura grAtma-sAdhanA meM laga gayA / mAtA ne bar3e yatna se putra kA lAlana-pAlana kiyA aura use sundara mahaloM meM rakhakara sAMsArika bhogopabhogoM meM anurakta kiyaa| usakI 32 sundara striyA~ thIM / jaba usakI Ayu alpa raha gaI, taba usake mAmA ne, jo sAdhu the, mahala ke pIche jinamandira meM cAturmAsa kiyA, aura anta meM stotra pATha ko sunate hI sukumAla kA mana deha-bhogAdi te vi honA vaha eka rassI ke sahAre mahala se nIce utarA aura jina maMdira meM jAkara munirAja ko namaskAra kara prArthanA ko ki he bhagavan ! AtmakalyANa kA mArga batAiye / unhoMne kahA -- terI grAyu tIna dina kI zeSa raha gaI hai| ataH zIghra hI zrAtma-sAdhanA meM tatpara ho| sukumAla ne jina dIkSA lekara aura prAyopagamana sanyAsa lekara kaThora tapazcaraNa kiyaa| ve zarIra se jitane sukomala the, upasarga-pariSahoM ke jItane meM ve utane hI kaThora the| ve vana meM samAdhistha the, tabhI eka syAlanI ne apane bacce sahita zrAkara unake dAhine paira ko khAnA zurU kiyA aura bacce ne bAe~ paira ko unhone usa pramita kaSTa ko zAnti se bAraha bhAvanAoM kA citavana karate hue sahana kiyA aura sarvArtha siddhi meM deva hue| grantha kA carita bhAga bar3A hI sundara hai / grantha nirmANa meM preraka kavi ne isa carita kI racanA sAhu pIche ke putra kumAra ke anurodha se kI hai| prazasti meM unakA paricaya nimna prakAra diyA hai 387 balaDai grAma ke nivAsI puravADa vaMzI sAhu 'jaggaNa' the| unakI bhAryA kA nAma 'galhA' devI thaa| usase pATha putra utpanna hue the| sAhu pIthe, mahendra, maNahara, jalhaNa, salakkhaNu, saMpuNNu, samudapAla, aura nayapAla / inameM jyeSTha putra sAhu pIthe kI patnI sulakSaNA ke putra kumAra the| kumAra ke bhI kaI putra the| kumAra jainadharma kA prArAdhaka thA, deha-bhogo se virakta thA, use dAna dene kA hI eka vyasana thA, vijayo, aura jitendriya thA / kavi ne sandhiyoM ke prAraMbha meM saMskRta padyoM meM kumAra kI maMgala kAmanA kI hai| grantha cUMki kumAra kI preraNA se banAyA hai ataeva unhIM ke nAmAMkita kiyA hai| jaisA ki usake nimna puSpikA vAkya se prakaTa hai: iya sirisukumAlasAmi manoharacarie sundara yaraguNarayaNa-jiyarasa bharie vibudha siri sukai sirihara viraie sAhu pothe putra kumAra NAmaMkie zragnibhUi vA bhUi sumita melAvavaNaNo NAma paDhamo paricchena samatto // 1 // kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA balaDara ( zrahamadAbAda ) ke rAjA govindacandra ke rAjya meM vi0 saM0 1200 agahana kRSNA tRtIyA somavAra ke dina samApta kI hai| para itihAsa se bhI yaha patA nahIM calA ki ye gobinda rAja kauna hai aura inakA rAjya kaba se kaba taka rahA hai| muni vinayacandra prastuta muni vinayacandra mAthurasaMgha ke vidvAna bAlacandra muni ke dIkSita ziSya the| inake vidyAguru udayacandra the, jo pahale gRhastha the aura unakI patnI kA nAma demati (devamatI ) thA / unhoMne usa avasthA meM 'sugaMdha dazamI' 1 bhaktiryasya jinendrapAdayugale dharma matiH sarvadA / vairAgyaM bhava-bhogabandhaviSaye vAMchA jinezAgame / saddAne vyasane gurI vinamitara prItirbudhAH vidyate / sa zrImAn jayatAjjitendriya ripuH zrImatkumArAbhidhaH // - sukumAla cariu 31 2. dekho, jaina granya prazasti saMgraha bhAga 2 pR0 11

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 388 kathA kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| aura kucha samaya bAda ve muni ho gae the| ve mathurA ke pAsa yamunA nadI ke taTa para base hue mahAvana meM rahate the| muni vinayacandra bhI vahAM ke jina bhavana meM rahate the| muni vinayacandra ne mahAvana nagara ke jina mandira meM 'naraga utArI rAsa kI racanA kI thii| use svarga batalAyA hai jisase vaha atyanta sundara hogA / jaisA ki usake nimna padya se prakaTa hai : pramiya sarosau javararga jalu, jayaru mahAvaNa saggu / taha jiNa bharyANi vasaMtaddaNa, viraiu rAsu samaggu // muni vinayacandra acche vidvAna aura kathi the| unakI eka racanA kA sthala ukta mahAvana thA aura dUsarI do racanAoM kA - NijjharapaMcamI kahA (rAsa) aura cunar3I rAsa kA racanA sthala tihuvaNa giri kI talahaTI, aura ajayapAla narendra kA vihAra thA / kavi kI isa samaya pAMca racanAeM upalabdha haiN| gijhara paMcamI kahA ( rAsa ) naraga utArI rAsa, cUnar3I rAsa, kalyANaka rAsa aura nidukha saptamI kathA / rigajrapaMcamI kahArAsa - isa rAsa meM kavi ne nirjharAMcamI vrata kA svarUpa aura usake pAlana kA nirdeza kiyA hai aura batalAyA hai ki paMcamI ke dina jAgaraNa kareM, aura upavAsa kareM, tathA kArtika ke mahIne maiM usakA udyApana kare / zrathavA zrAvaNa mAsa meM prArambha vArake agahana mahIne meM udyApana kre| udyApana meM chatra cAmarAdi pAMca-pAMca vastue~ mandira jI meM pradAna kre| yadi udyApana kI zakti na ho to vrata dugune dina kare, jaisA ki usake nimna padya se prakaTa hai : - dhavala pazvi prAsAdaha paMcami jAgaraNa, suha upavAsa kijjadda kArtika ujjavaNa | graha sAvaNa prAraMbhiya pujjai zragahaNe, i i Nikkara paMcami prakSiya bhaya haraNe / / kavi ne isa rAsa kI racanA tihuyaNagiri kI talahaTI meM banAkara samApta kI haiH yathA- tihayaNa giri talahaTTI bahU rAsa ratha / mAthura saMgha muNivara viSayazvaMvi kahiu // dUsarI racanA 'naraga utArI rAsa' hai jise kavi ne yamunA nadI ke kinAre base hue mahAvana (nagara) ke jinamandira meM rahate hue kI thI / tIsarI racanA 'ghUnar3I rAsa' hai| isa rAsa meM 32 padma haiN| jisameM cUnar3I nAmaka uttarIya vastra ko rUpaka banAkara eka gIti kAvya ke rUpa meM racanA kI gaI hai| koI mugdhA suvatI haMsatI huI apane pati se kahatI hai ki he subhaga ! jina mandira jAiye aura mere Upara dayA karate hue eka anupama cUnar3I zIghra chapavA dIjie, jisase meM jinazAsana meM vicakSaNa ho jAU~ / vaha yaha bhI kahatI hai ki mApa vaisI cunar3I chapavA kara nahIM deMge, to vaha chopA mujhe tAnAkazI kregaa| pati patnI kI bAta sunakara kahatA hai ki hai mugdhe ! vaha chIpA mujhe jaina siddhAnta ke rahasya se paripUrNa eka sundara cUnar3I chApakara dene ko kahatA hai / cUnar3I uttarIya vastra hai, jise rAjasthAna kI mahilAeM vizeSa rUpa se pror3hatI thIM / kavi ne bhI ise rUpaka batalAte hue cunar3I rAsa kA nirmANa kiyA hai| jo vastu tatra ke vividha vAgabhUSaNa rUpa prAbhUSaNoM se bhUSita hai, aura jisake adhyayana se jaina siddhAnta ke mArmika rahasyoM kA udghATana hotA hai / vaise hI vaha zarIra ko alaMkRta karatI huI zarIra kI advitIya zobhA ko banAtI hai| usase zarIra ko pralaMkRta karatI huI bAlAeM loka meM pratiSThA ko prApta hoMgI para apane kaNTha ko bhUSita karane ke sAtha-sAtha bheda - vijJAna ko prApta karane meM samartha ho sakeMgI / racanA sarasa aura cittAkarSaka hai / isa para kavi kI eka vistRta svopajJa TIkA bhI upalabdha hai, jisameM cUnar3I rAsa meM die saMddhAntika zabdoM ke rahasya ko udghATita kiyA gayA hai| aisI sundara racanA ko svopajJa saMskRta TIkA ke sAtha prakAzita karanA caahie|

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke mAcArya, vidvAna aura kavi 389 kavi ne isa rAsa racanA ko 'tribhuvanagar3ha' meM 'ajaya narendra' ajayapAla rAjA ke banavAe hue vihAra meM baiTha kara banAyA hai / usa samaya yaha nagara yada | rAjAmoM kI rAjadhAnI rahA hai, ataH yaha tahanagar3ha jana-dhana se samRddha thaa| isI se kavi ne use 'samga khaMDa NaM dhariyala Aya vAkya dvArA use svarga khaNDa ke tulya batalAyA hai| kavi kI isa racanA se pUrva inake vidyAguru udayacandra muni ho cuke the| isI se isakI prazasti meM 'mathurA saMghahaM udaya muNosaru' rUpa se ullekhita kiyA hai| cauthI racanA kalyANaka gasa hai, jisameM caubIsa tIrthakaroM ko garbha, janma, dokSA, kevala jJAna prApti aura nirvANa rUpa paMcakalyANaka kI tithiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / isa rAsa kI saM0 1445 kI likhI huI pratilipi upalabdha hai, jo paM0 dIpacandra pANDayA ke kar3I ke pAsa maujUda hai| pAMcavIM kathA nirdUkha saptamI hai| jise kavi ne kahA~ banAyA, yaha usa prati meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / usakA prAdi maMgala padya isa prakAra hai: ___sati jiNidaha-paya-kamalu, bhava-saya-phalusa-kalaMka-NivAra / udayacandra garu dhare dhimaNe, bAlaiMdU muNi Nadhivi NiraMtaru / / antima prazasti upalabdha nahIM hai| samaya muni vinayacanda ne apanI kisI bhI racanA meM unakA racanA kAla nahIM diyaa| kintu do racanA sthaloM kA ullekha avazya kiyA hai| eka mahAvana kA aura dUsarA tihuvaNa giri (tahanagar3ha) kI talahaTI tathA usake ajayapAla narendra ke vihAra kA / prastuta tihuvaNa giri mahAvana se dakSiNa-pazcima kI ora lagabhaga sATha mola rAjasthAna ke purAne karolo rAjya aura bharata pura rAjya meM par3atA hai| ataH inakA nivAsa aura vihAra kSetra mathurA jilA paura bharatapura rAjya rahA hai / tiyA gar3ha ke ajamAla rela prazasti mahAvana se san 1050 (vi0 saM0 1207) kI milI hai / aura dUsarA lekha ajayapAla ke uttarAdhikArI haripAla kA usI mahAvana se san 1970 (di0 saM0 1227) kA milA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki binayacandra ne apanI racanA ukta ajayapAla nareza ke vihAra meM baiTha kara banAI hai / ataH usakA racanA kAla san 1150 se 1170 ke madhya rahA hai| arthAt vinaya candra muni vikrama ko 13voM zatAbdI ke pUrvArtha ke vidvAna Thaharate haiN| bharatapura rAjya ke adhapura sthAna se eka mUrti prApta huI hai, jisa para san 1192 (vi0 saM0 1246) ke utkIrNa lekha meM sahanapAla nareza kA ullekha hai / sahanapAla ke bAda kumArapAla tihavaNa giriko gaddI para baiThA thaa| vaha vahAM 3-4 barSa hI rAjya kara pAyA thA ki usa para san 1996 meM AkramaNa kara diyA gayA / musalamAnI tannArIkha 'tAjulamanAsira' meM likhA hai ki hijarI san 572 san 1166 (vi0 saM0 1253) meM muijuddIna muhammada gorI ne kumArapAla para hamalA kara use parAsta kara tihuvaNa giri kA durga vahAruddIna tugharila ko sauMpa diyaa| usa samaya tiDavaNa giri burI taraha tahasa-nahasa ho gayA thaa| vahAM ke saba hindU aura jaina parivAra idhara udhara bhAga gaye the / vaha vIrAna ho gayA thA / aiso sthiti meM vahAM rahakara racanA karane kA prazna ho nahIM uThatA vinayacandra ne apanA cunar3I rAsa ajayapAla narendra ke vihAra meM baiThakara racA thA jise ajayapAla ne banavAyA thaa| majayapAla kI sana 1050 kI prazasti kA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isase binayacandra vikrama ko terahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdhaM ke vidvAna nizcita hote haiN| 1. debo enigrAphikA iMDikA ji010 286 2. epigrAphikA irikA khaNDa 2 pR. 276 tathA A. Cunningham vol xx ! 3. tahiNivasaMte mUNivareM ajavaraNaridaM ho raajvihaarhi| vege viraiya vanaDiya, sohahu mUNivara je suyadhArahiM / / -cUnaDI prazasti

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAya 2 udayacanda kavi udayacandra ne apanI racanA meM apanA koI khAsa paricaya nahIM diyA, kintu prAtma-nivedana karate hue batalAyA hai ki ve apane kUlarUpI mAkAza ko udyotita karane vAle udayacandra nAmadhArI gRhastha vidvAna the aura unakI yAkA nAmati sadayatimA,jo arapAta suzIlA thii|ve mathurA ke pAsa yamunA nadI ke taTa para base hue mahAvana meM rahate the| udayacandra muni bAlacandra ke dIkSita ziSya vinayacandra ke vidyAguru the / vinayacandra bhI vahA~ rahate the| unhoMne vahAM ke jina mandira meM naraga utArI kathA (rAsa) banAyA thaa| usake prAdi meM vidyAguru ko namaskAra nahIM kiyA, kyoMki muni kA gahastha ko namaskAra karanA ucita nahIM hai, isaliye unhoMne--udayacaMdu gusa gaNahara garavau, vAkya dvArA unakA smaraNa kiyA hai| unhoMne mahAvana ko "amiya sarosA javaNajalu Nayaha mahAvana samgu / tahi jiNa bhavaNi vasaMta iNa viraiu rAsu samaggu // " ukta vAkya meM svarga batalAyA hai| isase mahAvana kI sundaratA kA pAbhAsa hotA hai / kavi vinayacandra ne apanI ukta kRti kA racanA sthala mahAvana kA jina maMdira bata lAyA hai| ___ RSi udayacandra ne likhA hai ki zAstrakAroM ne sugandha dazamo kathA ko vistAra ke sAtha kahA hai| kintu maiMne use manohara rIti se gAkara sunAyA hai| jisa taraha unhoMne jasahara (yazodhara) aura nAgakumAra caritroM ko bAMcakara manohara bhASA meM sunAyA thaa| sugandha dazamI kathA do sandhiyoM kI choTI-sI racanA hai, kintu racanA prasAda guNayukta hai, usako prathama sandhi meM 12 aura dUsarI saMdhi meM kaDavaka hai / ina kaDavakoM kI racanA prAyaH paddhar3iyA aura alillaha chandoM meM huI hai / isameM dazamI ke ata pAlana kI mahattA aura phala batalAyA gayA hai| sugaMdhadazamI brata kA pAlana karane se AtmA jahAM pApoM se chuTakArA pAtA hai vahAM vaha usake prabhAva se sugandhita zarIra bhI pAtA hai, jaisA ki durgandhA ne sugandha dazamI kA vrata pAlakara prApta kiyA thaa| kathA bar3I rocaka hai / kathAnaka kI sundaratA ne grantha kI mahattA ko bar3hAvA diyA hai| isI se isa kathA kI racanA prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza aura hindI bhASA meM vividha kaviyoM ne kI hai| kathA meM durgandhA dvArA jinAmiSeka karane kA kavi ne ullekha kiyA hai, jo AmnAya ke pratikUla hai| yaha kathA saMskRta bhASA ke 161 padyoM meM brahmazrutasAgara meM banAI hai aura usI kA padya rUpa anuvAda kavi khuzAlacandra ne dohA caupAI meM kiyA hai, jo kaI bAra chapa cukA hai| kathAnaka vahI hai jo udayacandra kI kRti meM diyA hai| racanA kAla kavi ne kathA meM racanA kA ullekha nahIM kiyA aura na racanAsthala kA saMketa kiyA hai| kintu vinayacandra muni ne apane rAsa kA racanA sthala yamunA nadI ke taTa para basA huA mahAvana kA mandira banAyA hai| madhurA ke aAsapAsa aneka danoM kA ullekha milatA hai, usameM mahAvana bhI eka hai| usa mahAvana se yaduvaMzIya rAjA ajayapAla ko sana 1150 (vi0saM0 1207) kI eka prazasti' upalabdha huI hai aura san 1970 (vi.saM. 1227) kA eka lakha rAjA ajayapAla ke uttarAdhikArI harIpAla ke rAjya kA utkIrNa kiyA huyA usI mahAvana se milA hai| bharatapura rAjya ke avapura nAmaka sthAna se bhI eka mUrti upalabdha huI hai, jisa para san 1962 (vi0 saM0 1246) ke utkIrNa lekha meM sahanazala nareza kA ullekha hai / sahanapAla ke bAda (kubarapAla) kumArapAla, tihuvaNa girI kI gaddI para baiThA thA / vaha 3-4 varSa hI rAjya kara pAyA thaa| musalamAnI tabArIkha 'tAjalamamAsira' meM likhA hai ki 1.Niya kulaNaha-umjoipa-caMdaI, sajjaNa-maNa kama-rAyaNAedadaM / ' 2. bai susIla-demaiyahi ktii|' 3. iya suadikvahi kahiya savitthara, maI gAbitti suraNAzya maNahara bhaviyaNa-kaNNA -maNahara-bhAsaI, jasahara-gAyakumAra ho vaapii|| -sugaMdha dazamI kathA pR0 25 4. dekho epi AphikA iMDikA, jilda 1 pR0 286 / 5. epigrAphikA iMDikA, khaNDa 2 pR0 276 tathA A Cunningham VOLXx

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi hijarI san 572 san 1196 (vi0 saM0 1253 ) meM muIjuddIna muhammada gaurI ne kumArapAla para AkramaNa kara use parAsta kiyA, aura tihavanagirI kA durga vahAruddIna tugharila ko saupa diyA / usa samaya tihavana giri naSTa bhraSTa ho gayA thA aura vahAM se hindU aura jaina parivAra idhara-udhara bhAga gaye the| nagara bIrAna ho gayA thaa| di dinayacandra ne Nijjhara paMcamI kahArAsa, kI racanA tihuvaNa gari kI talahaTI meM kI tho,' aura cunar3I kI racanA kA sthala ajayapAla narendrakRta vihAra ko batalAyA hai| cUnar3I kI racanA se pUrva udayanandra muni ho gaye the| usakA ullekha, mAthura saMdhahi udaya bhuNIsaru, vAkya meM kiyA hai| sugaMdhadazamo kathA unake gRhI jIvana ko racanA hai| isa saba kayana se sunizcita hai ki sugandha dazamI kI kathA kA racanA kAla san 1050 (vi0 saM0 1207) hai| paNDita mahAvIra yaha vAdirAja paMNDita gharasena ke ziSya the| dhArA nagarI ke nivAsI the / nyAya zAstra, vyAkaraNa zAstra aura dharmazAstra ke vidvAna the| san 1192 (vi0saM0 1246) meM jaba zahAbuddIna gaurI ne pRthvIrAja cauhAna ko harAkara dillI aura ajamera para adhikAra kara liyA thA, taba sadAcAra ke vinAza ke bhaya se AzAdhara jo bahuta se parijanoM aura parivAra ke logoM ke sAtha dindhyavarbhA rAjA ke mAlavamaNDala dhArA nagarI meM prA vase the| usa samaya pAzAdhara jo saMbhavataH kizora hI hoge / unhoMne ukta paMNDita mahAvIra se pramANa zAstra aura vyAkaraNa kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| isase inakA samaya vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI kA madhya kAla hai| kaSi lAkhu yA lakSmaNa kavi lakSmaNa kA kula yAdava yA jAyasa hai| jo prasiddha yaduvaMza kA vikRta rUpa hai / yaha prasiddha kSatriya kula hai / kavi ke prapitA kA nAma kosavAla thA, jinakA yaza dikacakra meM vyApta thaa| unake sAta putra the-alhaNa, gAhala, sAhula, sohaNa, mailla, ratana aura madana / ye sAtoM hI pUtra kAmadeva ke samAna sundara rUpa vAle aura mahAmati the| ina meM prastuta kavi ke pitA sAhala zreSThI the| ye sAtoM bhAI aura kavi lakSmaNa apane parivAra ke sAtha pahale tribhavanagiri yA tahanagar3ha ke nivAsI the| usa samaya tribhavanagiri jana-dhana se samRddha tathA vaibhava se yukta thaa| parantu kucha samaya bAda tribhuvanagiri kI samRddhi vinaSTa ho gaI yo-use mlecchAdhipa muijuddIna muhammada gorI ne bala pUrvaka gherA 1. tihuyaraNagiri talahaTTI ihu rAma raiu,-mAthurasaMghahaM muriMgavara viraNyacaMdi kahiu / 2.tiyaNagiri jagi vikkhAyau, sAgakhara NaM gharapali Ayaja / tahi zivasate munivareM ajayaNagdihoM rAjavihArahi / / vegeM viraiya cunaDiya sohaha muriNavara je suyadhArahiM / / cUnahI prazasti 3. mlecchezena sapAdalakSaviSaye vyApte mudasa kSati trAsAdvindhya nareNdoH parimalasphUrjastrivarmojasi / prApto mAlaya maNDale bahuparIvAraH purImAvasana, / yo dhArAmapajjinapramitivArazAstra mahAvIrataH / / 5 / / anagAradharmAmRta prazasti 4. yadukula prasiddha kSatriya kula hai| yadukula hI yAdava aura bigar3akara jAyava yA jAyasa bana gayA hai| isa kula kA rAjya zUrasena deza meM thaa| zaurIpura, madhurA aura bharatapura meM yaduvaMziyoM kA rAmya rahA hai| zrIkRSNa aura neminAtha tIrthakara kA janma isI kula meM huA thA / yaha kSatriya vaMza vartamAna meM vaizya kula meM parivartita ho gayA hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 362 DAlakara naSTa-bhraSTa kara zrAtmasAta kara liyA thA / ataH kavivara lakSmaNa tribhuvanagiri se bhAga kara yatra-tatra bhramaNa karate hue bilarAmapura meM aaye| yaha nagara prAja bhI isI nAma se jilA eTA meM basA huA hai| usa samaya vahAM bilarAmapura meM seTha vilhaNa ke pautra aura jinadhara ke putra zrIdhara nivAsa karate the| inhoMne kavivara ko makAna Adi kI suvidhA pradAna kii| yaha kavivara ke parama mitra bana ge| sAhU bilhaNa kA vaMza puravAr3a thA aura zrIdhara usa vaMza rUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle sUrya the| isa taraha kavi unake prema aura sahayoga se vahAM sukhapUrvaka rahane lage kavi ko isa samaya do racanAeM upalabdha haiM, jinadatta carita, aura aNuvrata ratna pradIpa / I jinavata carita -- jinadatta caritra meM 11 sandhiyAM hai jinake zlokoM kI saMkhyA cAra hajAra ke lagabhaga hai / prastuta grantha meM jIvadeva aura jIvaMyazA zreSThI ke suputra jinadatta kA caritra aMkita hai / kavi ko yaha racanA eka sundara kAvya hai / isa meM prAdarza prema ko kiyA gayA hai| kavi kAvya zAstra meM niSNAta vidvAn thA / grantha kA yamakAlaMkAra yukta Adi maMgala padya kavi ke pANDitya kA sUcaka hai / sappaya sara kalahaMsa ho, himakalahaMsa ho, kalahaMsa ho seyaMsavahA / bhami bhuSaNa kalahaMsa ho, Navivi jiNa ho jinayata kahA / / prarthAt - mokSarUpI sarovara ke manojJa haMsa, kalaha ke aMza ko harane vAle, kari zAvaka (hAthI ke bacce ) kesamAna unnata skandha aura bhuvana meM manojJa haMsa, prAditya ke samAna jinadeva kI vandanA kara jinadatta kI kathA kahatA huuN| granthakarttA ne isa grantha meM vividha chandoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| grantha ko pahalI cAra sandhiyoM meM kavi ne mAtrika aura varNavRtta donoM prakAra ke nimna chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai- vilAsiNI, madanAvatAra, cittaMgayA, moti yadAma, piMgala, vicittamaNoharA, zrAraNAla, vastu, khaMDaya, jaMbheTTiyA, bhujaMgappayAja, somarAjI, saggiNI, pamANiyA, pomaNI, caccara, paMca cAmara, NarAca, vibhaMgiNiyA, ramaNIlatA, samANiyA, cittayA, bhamarapaya, moNaya, aura lalitA yAdi / ina zabdoM ke avalokana se yaha spaSTa patA calatA hai ki apabhraMza kavi chanda vizeSajJa hote the / kavi ne isameM kAvyocita anuprAsa alaMkAra aura prAkRtika saundarya kA samAveza kiyA hai| kintu bhaugolika varNana kI vizeSatA aura zabda yojanA sundara tathA zruti-sukhada hai| ina sabase racanA zrutisukhada aura hRdaya hAriNI bana gaI hai| grantha meM aneka alaMkRta kAvyamaya kathana diye haiM jisase kAvya sarasa aura kavi ke zabda yojanA cAturya se bhASA bhI sarasa aura sarala ho gaI hai / kavi ne grantha meM apane se pUrvavartI aneka jaina jainetara kaviyoM kA yAdarapUrvaka ullekha kiyA hai- prakalaMka, 1. vijayapAla ke uttarAdhikArI tribhuvanapAla ( tinapAla ) ne bayAna se 14 mIla aura karaulI se uttara pUrva 24 mIla kI dUrI para tahanagar3ha kA kilA bnvaayaa| ise tribhuvanagiri ke nAma se ullekhita kiyA jAtA thaa| tribhuvanapAla ke pitA vijayapAla kA ullekha zrIpatha (bayAnA) ke san 1044 ke utkIrNa lekha meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa vaMza ke ajayapAla nAmaka rAjA kI eka prazasti mahAyana se milI hai| jisake anusAra san 1150 I0 meM usakA rAjya vartamAna thA / isake uttarAdhikArI hariyAla kA bhI san 1970 kA utkIrNa lekha mahAvana se milA hai| bharatapura rAjya ke avapura nAmaka sthAna se eka mUrti milI hai jisake san 1992 ke utkIeM lekha meM sahanapAla nareza kA ullekha hai / inake uttarAdhikArI kumArapAla the| jinakA ullekha musalamAnI tavArIkha 'tAjula mabhAsira' meM milatA hai| jisameM kahA gayA hai ki hijarI san 572 san 1166 I0 meM muddajuddIna muhammada gorI ne tahanagar3ha para AkramaNa kara vahA~ ke rAjA kuMvara pAla ko parAsta kiyA aura vaha durga bahAuddIna tumarila yA tumarIna ko sauMpa diyaa| kumArapAla vahA~ saM0 1246 san 1992 ke AsapAsa gaddI para baiThA thaa| vaha yahAM 3-4 varSa ho rAjya kara pAyA thA jaba gorI ne tahanagar3ha para adhikAra kiyA, taba vahA~ ke saba hindu parivAra nagara chor3akara yatra-tatra bhAga gye| unake sAtha jaino loga bhI bhAga gaye | lAlU yA lakSmaNa kavi kA parivAra bhI vahA~ se bhAgakara bilarAma ( eTA) pahu~cA thA /

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi caturmukha, kAlidAsa zroharSa, vyAsa, droNa, bANa, IzAna, puSpadanta, svayaMbhU, aura bAlmIki' / grantha racanA meM preraka zrIdhara kA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai| eka dina avasara pAkara seTha zrIdhara ne lakSmaNa se kahA ki he kavivara! tuma jinadattarita kI racanA ke ro| kavi lakSmaNa ne bhara zreSThI kI preraNA evaM anurodha se jinadatta carita kI racanA vi0 saM01275 ke pusavadI SaSThI ravivAra ke dina samApta kI hai, jaisA ki usake nimna padya se spaSTa hai: "bArahasaya sattarayaM paMcottarayaM, dhikkamakAlivitta / par3hama parikha ravivArai chaTTi sahArai pUsamAse sammattiu ||1-kaantim prazasti carita sAra prastuta grantha meM magadharAjyAntargata basantapura nagara ke rAjA zazizekhara aura usakI rAnI nayanA sundarI ke kathana ke anantara usa nagara ke zreSThI jIvadeva aura jIvayaMzA ke putra jinadatta kA caritra aMkita kiyA gayA hai| vaha kramaza: bAlyAvasthA se yuvAvasthA ko prApta kara apane rUpa-sauMdarya se yudati-janoM ke manako mugdha karatA hai aura aMga deza meM sthita campAnagara ke seTha kI sundara kanyA vimalamatI se usakA vivAha ho jAtA hai| vivAha ke pazcAta donoM basaMtapura pAkara sukha se rahate haiN| jinadatta juAriyoM ke caMgula meM phaMsakara gyAraha karor3a rupayA hAra gyaa| isase use bar3A pazcAtApa hayA / usane apanI dharma patnI kI hIrA-mANika grAdi javAharAtoM se aGkita kaMculI ko nau karor3a rupaye meM jamAriyoM ko beca diyA / jinadatta me dhana kamAne kA bahAnA banA kara mAtA-pitA se campApura jAne kI prAjJA le lo| aura kucha dina bAda dharma patnI ko akelI chor3a jinadata dazapura (mandasaura) pA gyaa| vahAM usakI sAgaradatta se bheMTa huii| sAgaradatta usI samaya vyApAra ke lie videza jAne vAlA thA, avasara dekha jinadatta bhI usake sAtha ho gayA, aura vaha siMhala dvIpa pahuMca gyaa| vahAM ke rAjA kI putrI zrImatI kA vivAha bhI usake sAtha ho gyaa| jinadatta ne use jaina dharma kA upadeza diyaa| jinadatta pracura dhanAdi sampatti ko sAtha lekara svadeza lauTatA hai, parantu sAgaradatta IrSA ke kAraNa use dhokhe se samudra meM girA detA hai aura svayaM usakI patnI se rAga karanA cAhatA hai| parantu vaha apane zIla meM sUr3ha rahatI hai| ve campA nagarI pahuMcate haiM aura zrImatI campA ke 'jinacaitya' meM pahuMcatI hai| idhara jinadatta bhI bhAgyavaza paca jAtA hai aura vaha maNidvIpa meM pahuMcakara vahAM ke rAjA azoka ko rAjakUmAro zRMgAramatI se vivAha karatA hai / aura kucha dina bAda saparivAra campA pA jAtA hai| vahAM use zrImatI mora vimalamato donoM mila jAtI haiM / vahA~ se vaha saparivAra vasantapura pahuMcakara mAtA-pitA se milatA hai| ve use dekhakara bahuta harSita hote hai| isa taraha jinadatta apanA kAla sUkha pUrvaka vyatIta karatA hai| anta meM muni hokara tapazcaraNa dvArA karma.baMdhana kI vinAzakara pUrNa svAdhIna ho jAtA hai| maNuSaya rayaNa paIva (aNuvrataratnapradIpa) kavi kI dUsarI kRti aNuvrataratna pradIpa hai jisameM 8 sandhiyAM aura 206 paddhaDiyA chanda haiN| jinakI zloka saMkhyA 3400 ke lagabhaga hai| grantha meM samyagdarzana ke vivecana ke sAtha zrAvaka ke dvAdaza vratoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| zrAvaka dharma kI sarala vidhi aura usake paripAlana kA pariNAma bhI batalAyA gayA hai| grantha kI racanA sarasa hai| kavi ne isa grantha ko mahInoM meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| - - 1. zikkalaMku akalaMku va ummuha ho, kAliyAsu siri harisukai suho / vaya bilAsu kahayAmu asariso, doNa bANu IsAraNa shriso| phupphatu susayaMbhubhallo, bAlamIu sammaI rsilo| -jinadatta parita prazasti

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 kavi ne prastuta grantha kI racanA rAyaddiya nagara meM nivAsa karate hue kI thii| vahAM usa samaya cauhAna vaMza ke rAjA pAhavamalla rAjya karate the| unakI paTTarAnI kA nAma Isaride yA, Ahavamalla ne tAtkAlika musalamAna zAsakoM se lohA liyA thA aura usameM vijaya prApta kI thii| kisI hammIravIra ne unakI sahAyatA bhI kI thii| kavi ke Azraya dAtA kaNhakA vaMza lambakaMcuka yA lamecU thaa| isavaMza meM 'hallaNa' nAmaka zrAvaka nagara gheSThI hue, jo loka priya aura rAjapriya the| unake putra amRta yA mamayapAla the, jo rAjA prabhayapAla ke pradhAnamantrI the| unhoMne eka vizAla jinamaMdira banavAyA thA aura usako zikharapara suvarNa kalaza car3hAyA thaa| unake putra sAhU soDU the,jo jAhaDa narendra aura unake pazcAt zrIvallAla ke maMtrI bane / inake do putra the ratnapAla maura kaNhaH / ina kI mAtA kA nAma 'malhAde' thaa| ratnapAla svataMtra paura nirargala prakRita ke the| kintu unakA putra zivadeva kalA paura vidyA meM kazala thA, jo apane pitA kI matya ke bAda nagara seTha ke pada para mArUtu hamA thaa| aura rAjA mAhavamallane apane hAtha se usakA tilaka kiyA thaa| kaNDa (kRSNAditya) japata rAjA pAhavamalla ke pradhAnamaMtrI the| unakI dharmapatnI kA nAma 'sulakSaNA' thaa| vaha bar3I udAra, dharmAtmA, patibhaktA bhora rUpavatI thii| inake do putra hue| harideva paura dvijarAja / inhIM kaNhakI prArthanA se kavi ne isa grantha ko vi0 saM01313 kArti kRSNA 7 saptamI guruvAra ke dina puSpa nakSatra aura sAhijja yoga meM samApta kiyA thA jaisA ki unake nimna vAkya se prakaTa hai : terahasama teraha uttarAla parigaliya viSakamAisthakAla / saMveya rahA samvahaM samaksa, kattiya mAsammi prasepa-pakSa / samiviNa guruvAre samoe, prami rikkhe saahijj-joe| navamAsa ramate pAyaratyu, sammasau kama kama ela sasya / -jina pramya prazasti saM0 bhA02 pR. 32) kavidAmodara kavidAmodara kA janma meDettama vaMza meM humA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma kavi mAlhaNa thA jisane dAha kA carita banAyA thA / kavi ke jyeSTha bhrAtA kA nAma jinaveva thA / kavi gurjara deza se calakara mAlavadeza meM pAyA thaa| aura vahAM ke salakhaNapura ko dekhakara santuSTa humaa| usane vIra jinake caraNoM ko namaskAra kiyA aura stuti kii| salakhaNapura usa samaya eka jana-dhana sampanna nagara thA, paura paramAravaMzI nareza devapAla vahAM kA zAsaka thaa| isI salakhaNapura meM paM0 prAzAdharajI saMvat 1282 meM maujUda the, ve usa samaya gRhasthAcArya ke pada para pratiSThita the| isI se unhoMne apane ko 'gRhasthAcArya kuMjara, likhA hai| ve usa samaya zrAvaka ke vratoM kA anuSThAna karate the| salakhaNa pura meM unhoMne paramAravaMzI devapAla ke rAjya samaya meM malha ke putra nAgadeva ko dharmapatnI ke liye jo usa rAjya meM caMgI va Taiksa vibhAga meM kAma karatA thA ukta saMvat 1282 meM saMskRtagadya meM 'ratnatrayavidhi' nAma kI kathA likhI thI / yaha racanA unakI racanAmoM meM sabase pahalI jAna par3atI hai / usake bAda ve nalakacchapura meM cale gaye haiN| 1. rAjA AhavamAlakI vaMza kI paramparA candavAsa nagara se batalAI gaI hai| cauhAna vaMzI rAjA bharatapAla, unake putra abhayapAla, ke putra jAhara, unake zrIvalsAla aura ghIvallAla ke bAhavamalla hue| inake samaya meM rAjadhAnI rAya vaddiya yA cayamA ho gaI thii| candravAha aura rAmahima donoM hI nagara yamunAtaTa para base hue the| 2. sAgho maMhitavAgvaMzasumaNeH sajjanatAmaNeH / mAlAspasya sutaH pratItamahimA zrInAgadevo'bhavat 11 yaH zulkAdipadeSumAlabapateH nAvAti yuktaziva / dhosallakaNyAsvamAzritavasaH kA prApayataH zriyaM 2 // zrI matkezavasenAryavaryavAkyAdupeyuSA / pAkSika zrAvako bhAva tena mAlavamaMDale 3 sallakSaNapure tiSThan gRhaspAcArya kujaraH / paNDitAzAparo bhakrayA vizAptaH samyagekadA / / 4 prAyeNa rAjakAryevaruddha dharmAdhitasya me| mAda kiMcidanuSThyaM vratamAdizyatAmiti // 5 tatastena samIkSona prmaagmvistrN| upaviSa satAmiSTa tasyAya vibhisattamaH // 6

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi usa samaya salakSaNapura meM kamala bhadra nAma ke saMghavI rahate the, jo kAma ke bANoM ko vinaSTa karane ke liye tapazcaraNa karate the, aSTamadoM ke vinAsa karane meM vIra the, aura vAIsa pariSahoM ke sahane meM dhIra the / karma zatruoM kA nAza karane vAle tathA bhavya rUpa kamaloM ko sambodhana karane ke lie surya ke samAna the / ' kaSAyoM mora salyatraya ke vinAzaka zrImanta santa paura saMyama ke nidhAna the| usI nagara meM malha (mAlA) ke putra nAgadeva rahate the, jo nirantara puNyArjana karate the / vahIM saMyamI guNI, suzIla rAmacandra rahate the| vahIM para khaNDelavAla kulabhUSaNa, viSaya virakta, bhavyajana bAndha va ke zava ke putra induka yA indra candra rahate the, jo jainadharma ke dhAraka the, aura jina bhakti meM tatpara tathA saMsAra se udAsIna rahate the| isase spaSTa hai ki usa samaya malakSaNapura meM acche dharmaniSTha logoM kA nivAsa thaa| ukta induka ne ne mijina kI stuti kara tIna pradakSiNAeM dI paura bhavya nAgadeva ko zubhAzIrvAda diyA / tava nAgadeva ne kahA ki rAjya pariphara se kyA, manahArI haya, gaya ro kyA, jaba ki mAtA-pitA putra kalatra, mitra sabhI indradhanuSa ke samAna anitya haiM / nirmala citta aura bhavyoM ke mitra nAgadeva ne kavi se kahA, he dAmAdara kavi ! aisA kAma kIjie jisase dharma meM hAni na ho| mujhe nemijina caritra banAkara dIjie, jisase meM gaMbhIra bhava se Aja tara jAUM aura merA janma saphala ho jAya / taba kavi ne nAgadeva ke anurodha se, aura paNDita rAmacandra ke Adeza rA neminAtha jina kA caritra banAyA / jaisA ki usako saMdhipuSpi kA se prakaTa hai: vAmoyara virAe paMDiyarAmayaca Aesie mahAkaye mahasupraNaggaevamAya piNae miNicANa gamaNa paMcamoparicchemo sammaso // 14 // prastuta carita eka khaNDa kAvya hai jisameM pAMca sandhiyoM meM bAIsaveM tIrthakara neminAtha ko pAvana jIvanagAthA aMkita hai / grantha kI apUrNa prati upalabdha hai, sambhava hai kiso zAstrabhaMDAra meM usako pUrNa pratiupalabdha ho jaay| grantha meM kAvyatvako vizeSatA nahIM hai, hA~ carita ko sundara meM vyA kiyA hai / pAvi guNa ra samuzAraka kalimala ke nAzaka muni sUrisena kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| unake ziSya muni kamalabhadra the, jobhavyajana AnandadAyaka the| racanAkAla kavi ne grantha kI racanA kA samaya diyA hai| kavine grantha kI racanA salakSaNapura meM vi0 saM0 1287 meM paramAravaMzI rAjA devapAla ke rAjya kAla meM samApta kiyA hai jaisA ki usake nimna vAkya se spaSTa hai: bArahasayAI sattAsiyAI vikkamarAyaho kaalhN| paramAraha paTTa samukharaNu NaravaidevapAlahUM // devapAla bhAlave kA paramAravaMzI rAjA thA, aura mahAkumAra harizcandra varmA kA, jo choTo zAkhA ke vaMzadhara the, dvitIya putra thA / kyoMki arjuna varmA ke koI santAna nahIM thI, prataH usa gaddI kA adhikAra inheM hI prApta hamA thaa| isakA aparanAma 'sAhasamalla' thaa| isake samaya ke 3 zilAlekha maura eka dAna patra milA hai| unameM eka vikrama saMvat 1275 (san 1218) kA harasoDA gAMva se bhaura do lekha gvAliyara rAjya se mile haiN| jinameM eka tenAnyazca yathAzakti bhavabhItaranuSThitaH / granthoM budhAvAdhareNa saddharmArtha mayoM kRtaH / / 7 vikamArkazmaNIsvAdazAnda zatAtyaye / dAmyA pazcime (mAge) kRSNe prayatA kathA / patnI zrI nAmadevasya naMdyAdAnAyikA / yAsIdalatrapavidhi paratInAM purassarI -ratnatraya vidhi prazasti 1. tAhikamalabhara saMghAhivaI, kusuma sara viyAraNa laja tvii| maya aTu duha rigaTThavaraNa vIru, bAvIsa parisaha sahaNadhIra / ari-kamma kirahiNaNa, viSANu, rAIva bhabvabohabhANu / 2. iDiyana eNTIberI ji0 2010 311

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366 vi0 saM0 1286 aura dUsarA vi0 saM0 1286 kA hai' / mAMdhAtA se vi0 saM0 1235, 26 agasta) kA dAna patra bhI milA hai| dillI ke sulatAna zamasuddIna altamaza ne mAlavA para san 1231-32 meM caDhAI kI thii| aura eka varSa kI lar3AI ke bAda gvAliyara ko vijita kiyA thA, aura bAda meM bhelasA aura ujjaina ko jItA thA, tathA vahAM ke mahAkAla maMdira ko tor3A thA, itanA hone para bhI vahAM sulatAna kA kabjA na ho skaa| sulatAna jaba lUTa-pATa kara calA gyaa| taba vahAM kA rAjA devapAla hI rhaa| isI ke rAjya kAla meM paM0 AzAdhara ne vi0 saM0 1285 meM nalakacchapura' meM 'jinayajJa kalpa' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thI, usa samaya devapAla maujUda the| itanA hI nahIM kintu jaba dAmodara kavi ne savat 1287 meM 'minAha cariu racA usa samaya bhI devapAla jovita thaa| kiMtu jaba savat 1262 (san 1235) meM triSaSThi smRti zAstra prAzAvara ne banAyA / usa samaya unake putra 'jaMtugideva' kA rAjya thaa| isase spaSTa hai ki devapAla kI mRtyu sa0 1262 se pUrva ho cukI thI / vi0 sa0 1300 meM jaba anagAra dharmAmRta kI TIkA banI usa samaya jaMtugideva kA rAjya thA / yaha apane pitA ke samAna hI yogya zAsaka thaa| kavi zrIdhara kavi zrIdhara ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA, aura guru paramparA kA bhI ullekha nahIM kiyA / anyatra se bhI isakA koI samadhAna nahIM miltaa| kavi vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA vidvAna hai| isakI eka mAtra kRti 'bhavisayatta kahA hai| aura 143 kaDavaka diye hue haiM, jinakI zloka saMkhyA 1530 ke lagabhaga hai / grantha meM jyeSTha zuklA paMcamI ( zruta paMcamI) vratakA phala aura mAhAtmya varNana karate hue vrata saMpAlaka bhaviSya dattake jIvana paricaya ko aMkita kiyA hai| kadana pUrva paramparA ke anusAra hI kiyA gayA hai| zrIdhara ne bhavisayatta carita kI racanA candravAr3a nagara meM sthita mAthuravaMzIya nArAyaNa ke putra supaTTa sAhakI pra eraNA se kI thI / samUcA kAvya nArAyaNa sAhuko bhAryA rUpiNI ke nimitta likhA gayA hai| supaTTa sAhu nArAyaNa ke laghuputra the / unake jyeSTha bhrAtA kA nAma vAsudeva thA / kavine pratyeka saMdhi ke prArambha meM saMskRta padyoM meM rUpiNI kI maMgalakAmanA kI hai, jo 1. inDiyana eNTI kverI ji0 20 pu0 82 2. epi grAphiyA inDikA ji0 6 0 108 13 / 2. viga, phiriztA ji0 10 210-11 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 1262 bhAdoM sudI 15, (sana 4. najakacchapura ho nAlA hai, yaha dhArA se 20 mIla dUra hai, yaha sthAna usa samaya jaina saMskRti ke lie prasiddha thA / vikrama varSa sapaMcAzIti dvAdazazateSyatIteSu / Azvina vitAnyadivase sAhasamallAparAsyasya || zrIdevapAlanRpateH pramArakula zekharasya sorAjye / nalakacchapure siddho grantho neminAtha caityagRhe // 4. pramAravaMza vArSIndu devapAlanRpAtmaje / - jinayajJa kalpa prazasti zrImajjaitugideve sisthAnA vantImavanyalam // 12 nalakacchapure zrI mannemi caityAla me'sidhat / granyo'yaM dvinavahnameka vikramArkasamAtyaye // 13 6. siricandavAraNyaraTThieeA, jirAdhamma-karaNa ukka Thie / mAhurakula gayaNa tamohare, vibuhayaNa sutharA maraNa dharaNa -hareNa / + + pIsese vilakkha gurapAla ega, maivara supaTTa yAmAla ee+ 7. pArAyaNa - deha samubbhaveNa, maraNa-vayarA- kAya rigadiya bhaveza / + siri vAsuva guru bhAmareNa bhava- jalarigahi-viDarA-kAyareNa || - viSaSThi smRti zAstra --bhavisayatta kahA pravAsti

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terahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi indravajjA aura zArdUla vikrIDita Adi chandoM meM nibaddha hai jaisA ki usake nimna padyase spaSTa hai : yA deva-dharma-gurupAdapayoja bhaktA, sarvajJaveva sukhadAyi matAnuraktA / saMsArakArikukathA kathane viraktA sA rUpiNI budhajanainaM kathaM prazasthA || -2-2 yaha kAvya-grantha sIdhI-sAdI evaM sarala bhASA meM nibaddha hai kintu bhASA calatI huI prasAda guNa yukta hai / isameM vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke jana sAmAnya meM pracalita bhASA ke zabda yatra-tatra milate haiM- jaise jAvahi jyoMhI, tAdahi-tyoMhI, sapattau ( sapATe se ) villa (vela), kakhaMda (karodA) tase) bhASA meM muhAvare lokoktiyoM evaM sUktiyoM kA prayoga huA hai| bolacAla kI bhASA ke prayoga bhI dekhane meM Ate haiN| sUktiyAM bhI jana sAmAnya meM pracalita pAI jAtI haiM yathA faNu ujjameNa Nau kiMpi hoi - binA udyama ke koI kAma nahIM banatA / jahi saccai taha phiriphiri ramaI jahA~ acchA lagatA hai vahAM manuSya bAra-bAra jAtA hai| grantha kA caritabhAga dhanapAla kI bhavisayatta kathA se samAnatA rakhatA hai / parantu dhanapAla kI bhavisayatta kathA kI bhASA proDha hai / parantu dhanapAla kI kathA ke samAna bhASA kA prAMjala rUpa, alakaraNatA, kalpanAtmaka vaibhava aura saundaryAnubhUti kI jhalaka zrIdhara kI bhaviSyadatta kathA meM nahIM gAI jAtI / phira bhI grantha mahatvapUrNa hai / kavine isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1230 (san 1173 I0) ke phAlgunamAsa ke kRSNapakSa kI dazavIM ravivAra ke dina samApta kI hai| 36.7 niraara far (kSapaNAsAragadya ke kartA ) prastuta mAdhavacandra mUlasaMgha kANUragaNa tintriNI gaccha ke vidvAna muni candrasUri ke praziSya aura sakalacandra ke ziSya the| jo tarka siddhAntAdi tIna viSayoM meM nipuNa hone ke kAraNa traividya kahalAte the / jaina zilAlekha saMgraha tRtIya bhAga ke lekha naM0 431 meM, jo zaka saM0 1119 (vi0 saM0 1254 kA utkIrNa kiyA huA hai, usameM municandra aura kulabhUSaNavratI ke ziSya sakalacandra bhaTTAraka ke pAdoM (caraNoM) kA prakSAlana karake mahApradhAna daNDanAyaka ne kucha cAvaloM kI bhUmi, do kolhU aura eka dukAna kA 'edaga' jinAlaya ko dAna diyA hai | inhIM sakalacandra ke ziSya ukta mAdhavacandra haiM, jinakI upAdhi vidya thii| inhoMne kSullakapura (varta mAna kolhApura) meM kSapaNAsAra gadyakI racanA kI hai / kSapaNAsAra gadya meM karmoM ke kSapaNa karane kI prakriyA kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| mAdhavacandra ne isa grantha kI racanA zilAhAra kula ke rAjA vIra bhojadeva ke pradhAna maMtrI bAhubalI ke liye kI thI / aura jinheM mAdhavacandrane bhojarAja ke samuddharaNa meM samartha, bAhubala yukta, dAnAdiguNotkRSTa, mahAmAtya zrIra lakSmIvallabha batalAyA hai| unhIM ke liye zakasaM0 1925 (san 1203 ) vi0 saM0 1260 meM kSapaNAsAragadya kA nirmANa kiyA thA, jaisA ki usake nimna padya se spaSTa hai : zramunA mAdhavacandra viSyagaNinA zravadhika zikSA, kSapaNAsAramakAri bAhubalisamaMtrIzasaMzaptaye / 1. kharaNAhavivakamAicvakAle pavahaMta suyArae trisAle / bArahamaya varimahi parigaehi phAguNamAsamma balavate / dahidi timirukakara vicavakhe, ravivAra samAja eu satya / / jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha bhA0 2 2. "paMcAMga maMtrabRhaspatisamAnabuddhiyukta bhojarAjaprAjya sAmrAjya samuddharaNasamartha - bAhubala mahAmAtya padavI lakSmIvallabha - bAhubalimahApradhAnena vA / " 0 50 1 yukta - dAnAdi guNotkRSTa ---kSapaNAsAra gadya prazasti jaina prantha pra0 saM0 bhA0 15. 165

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318 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 zAkakAlezAra-sUrya-candragaNite jAte pure kSallake, zubhave dubhivatsarevijayatAmAnandratAra bhuvi / / inhIM bhojarAja ke rAjyakAla meM kolhApura dezAntavartI arju rikA (mAjara) nAmaka gAMva meM kSapaNAsAra gadya kI racanA ke do varSa bAda zaka saM0 1127 krodhana saMvatsara (vi0 sa0 1262) meM somadeva ne zabdArNava dhandrikA nAma kI jaina vyAkaraNa kI vRtti samApta kI thI | muni vinayacandra ___ yaha mUlasaMgha ke vidvAna sAgaracandra munIndra ke ziSya the / inheM paDita prAzAdhara jI ne dharmazAstra kA pradhya vinayacandra muni ke anurodha se prAzIdhara jI ne bhavyajanoM ke hinArtha iNTopadezaTokA bhUpAla kavikRta cavizatikA TokA aura devasena ke prArAdhanAsAra ko TokA banAI thI ina meM prathama do TIkAeM prakAzita ho cukI haiM / kintu ArAdhanAsAra' kI TIkA upalabdha nahIM huI thii| kintu pAmera ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMvat 1581 kI likhI huI pArAdhanAsAra kI TokA upalabdha hai / TIkA atyanta saMkSipta hai, jo gAyAnoM ke gAdoM ke prathaM kA bodhakarAtI hai, 1 jaisA ki usake maMgala padya tathA pratijJA vAkya se spaSTa hai : praNamya paramAtmAnaM svazaktyAzAdharaH sphuTaH / ArAdhanAsAragada pavArthAkathayAmyaham // 51 "dhimaletyAdi-vimalebhyaH kSINakaSAyaguNebhyo'tizayena vimalA vimalatarA zuddhatarAH gaNA paramAvagAha samyagdarzanAdayaH / siddhaM jIvana mukta jagatpratotaM vA / surasena vaMdiyaM sahai vaH svAmibhirvartate senAH sa svAmikAH nijAnajastA bhiyukta catuNikAyavavastathA devasenanAmnA granthakRtA nmskRtmityrthH| pArAhaNAsAraM samyagdarzanA vomudyotanAyupAya paMcakArAdhanA tasyAH sa sammAvAnAdi catuSTayaM / tayA tasya vA rAdhanA tayopAdeyayattAt // " anta meM liyA hai "vinayendumuneheMtorAzAdharakavIzvaraH / sphuTamArAdhanAsAra TippanaM kRtavAni // " zrI vinaya candrarthamityAzAdharaviracitArAdhanAsAra vivRttiH smaaptaa| ataH vinayacandra kA samaya vi0 saM0 1270 se 1266 taka jAna par3atA hai / --rAmacandramumukSu prAcArya kunda-kunda kI vaMzaparamparA meM divya buddhi ke dhAraka kezavanandI nAmake prasiddha yati hue / jo bhavya jIva rUpa kamaloM ko vikasita karane ke lie sUryasamAna, the, sayama ke pratipAlaka, kAmadeva rUpa hAthI ko nATa karane meM siha ke samAna parAkramI, aura aneka duHkhotpAdaka kamarUpo parvata ko bhedana ke liye vajra ke samAna the / bar3e-bar3e yogIndra aura rAjA mahArAjA jinake caraNI kI vandanA karate the / aura jo samasta vidyAoM meM nipNAta the / unhIM --pUrI gAyA isa prakAra hai : 1.jaina granthaprazasti saM0 bhAU 1pR0 199 2. upazama va mRta sAgarendro munIndrAdajani vinayacandraH saccakoraka candraH / jagadamata sagarbhAH zAstrasaMdarbhagarbhAdhucicaritavariSNo yasya dhinvaMtivAcaH / / 3. vimala para gugAsamiddha, siddhaM surasegA baMdiyaM sirsaa| samiUraNa mahAvIra coccha ArAhaNA sAraM // 1 4. "po bhayAna-divAkaro yamakaro mArebha paJcAnano, nAnAduHkhavidhASikarmakubhato bacAyate divyadhIH / yo yogIndra-narendra-vandita pado vidhAraNevottIevAn, zyAtaH kezavanandideva-yatipaH zrIkudaku'dAnvayaH // 1 //

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM pAtAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi ke ziSya rAmacandra mumukSa thA, jo samastajanoM kA hitAbhilASI thaa| rAmacandra mumukSa ne padmanandI nAmake zreSTha munIndra ke pAsameM vyAkaraNa zAstra kA adhyayana kara giri aura samiti ke barAbara saMkhyAvAle sattAvana padyoM dvArA puNyAsa nAmaka kathA grantha kI racanA kii| prastuta granthameM 56 kathAeM haiM, jo chaha adhikAroM meM vibhAjita haiM, jina kI zloka saMkhyA sAr3he cAra hajAra hai| prathama pAMca khaNDa meM pATha-ATha kathAeM haiM, aura antima chaThe khaNDa meM 16 kathAeM dI haiN| prathama aSTaka kI kathAoM meM devapUjA meM arhantadeva ke svarUpa kI bodhaka paura devapUjA ke mahatva ko syApita karanevAlI kathAeM dI haiM, jo puNyaphala kI pratipAdaka haiN| dusare 'aSTaka meM Namo prarahatANa' prAdi paMca namaskAra mantra ke uccAraNa karane vAlI aura usake prabhAvako vyakta karane vAlI pATha kathAeM dI haiM, jinase paMca namaskAra mantrako mahattA kA bodha hotA hai, aura puNyaphala kI prApti rUpa sadagatikA lAbha pratipAdita kiyA hai| tRtIya praSTa kameM svAdhyAya ke puNya phalakI pratipAdaka kathAeM dI haiM, jinameM zAstroM ke paThana-pAThana, unake zravaNa aura uccAraNa Adi kA puNya bhI nirdiSTa hai| cauthe aSTaka meM zIlavata ke pAlakoM kI puNya kathAeM dI haiN| gRhasthoM meM puruSoM ko apanI patnI ke prati aura patnI ko pati ke prati pUrNa zIlavAna honA Avazyaka hai| pAMcaveM aSTaka meM upavAsa ke puNyaphala kI pratipAdaka kathAeM dI haiN| aura chaThe khaNDa meM pAtradAna ke mahatva kI pratipAdaka 16 kathAeM dI haiN| ina saba kathAyoM ke adhyayana meM jahAM bhAvavizuddhi hotI hai, vahAM unake prati AsthA bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai / mahA kavi raidhU ne bhI apabhraMzabhASA meM puNyAsava kathAkoSa kI racanA kI hai| granthakartA ne grantha meM racanAkAla nahIM diyA, aura na racanAsthala kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| karnATaka kavi carita se jJAta hotA hai ki nAgarAja ne kannar3a bhASA meM 'puNyAsrava campU kAnyakI racanA zakasaMvat 1253 (san 1331 meM kI hai jo saMskRta grantha kA kanar3I bhASAntara hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki nAgarAja ne rAmacandra mumukSu ke puNyAsraba kA prAdhAra liyA ho / kyoMki donoM meM atyadhika samAnatA pAI jAtI hai| isase rAmacandra mumukSa kI racanA pUrvavartI hai| inakA samaya vitrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI jAna par3atA hai| nizcita samaya to kezavanandI ke samaya kA nizcaya ho jAne para mAlUma ho sakatA hai| vimalakoti prastuta vimalakIti rAmakIti guru ke ziSya the / rAmakIrti nAma ke cAra vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| unameM prathama rAmakIti ke ziSya vimala kIti haiN| dUsare rAmakoti mUlasaMgha balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatI gaccha ke vidvAna ye 1 inake ziSya ma0prabhAcandra ne saM0 1413 meM baizAkha sudi 13 budhavAra ke dina amarAvatI ke cauhAna rAjA ajayarAja ke rAjya meM bala kacukAnvayI zrAvaka ne eka jinamUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thii| jo khaNDitadazA meM bhaugAMva ke mandira ko chatapura rakhI huI hai| - - 1. "ziSyo'bhUttasyabhanmaH sakala janahito rAmacandro mumukSu tviA zabdApazabdAn suvizada yazasaH padmanandyAbhidhAnAt (yaad)| vanyAvAdImasiMhAtparamayatipateH so vyadhAdbhavyahetograMnyaM puNyAvArUpa girisamitimitaM divyapadyaiHkathAH // 2 // -janagrantha prazasti saM0 bhA01 pR0 154 2. saMvata 1413 vaMzAkha sudi 13 budhe zrImadamavarAvatI nagarAdhIzvara vAhavANa kula zrIajayarAya deva rAjya pravartamAne mUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatI gacche zrIrAmakotidevAstasya ziSya ma. pramAcandra laMbakaMcu kAnkye sAghu..."bhAI sohasa tayoH putraH sA. jovadeva bhAryA surakI tayoH putraH kezo praNamati / dekho jaina si. bhA. bhA. 22 aka 3

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 3 tIsare rAmakoti bhaTTAraka vAdibhUSaNa ke paTTadhara the, jinakA bimba pratiSThita karane kA samaya saMvat 1670 hai| yaha rAmakIrti 17vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha ke vidvAna haiN| cauthe rAma kIti kA nAma bhaTTAraka surendrakIti ke paTadhara ke rUpa meM milatA hai| inameM se prathama rAmakIrti kA sambandha ho bimalakoti ke sAtha ThIka baiThatA hai| yaha rAma kIrti ke ziSya the, jinakI likhI huI prazasti cittaur3a meM saMvat 1207 kI utkIrNa kI huI upalabdha hai / rAmakIti ke ziSya paza kIrti ne 'jagata sundarI prayogamAlA' nAmake vaidyaka grantha kI racanA kI hai| jinakA samaya vikrama ko terahavIM zatAbdI hai / kyoMki yaza kIti ne jagat sundarI prayogamAlA meM abhayadeva sUri kA ziSya dhanezvara sUri kA (saM0 1171) kA ulanekha kiyA hai| vimalakIrti kI eka mAtrakRti sugandhadazamI kathA hai / jisameM apabhrazabhASAke kar3avakoM meM bhAdrapada zuklA dazamI ke prata kI kathA kA varNana karate hue usake phala kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| kabine dazavIMvata ke anuSThAna karane kI preraNA kI hai| graMtha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyaa| ina ke guru rAmakIti kA samaya vikrama ko 13vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha-(saM0 1207) hai / prata: vimalakIti kA samaya bhI vikramakI 13vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvadhi sunizcita hai| muni somadeva muni somadeva vyAkaraNa zAstra ke acche vidvAna the / inhoM ne apanI zabdacandrikA vRtti meM apanI guruparamparA aura saMgha-gaNa gacchAdika kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| yaha zilAhAravaMza ke rAjA bhoja deva (dvitIya) ke samaya hue haiM / kolhApura prAnta ke arjurikA nAmaka grAma ke tribhuvana tilaka' nAmaka jaMna mandira meM, jo mahAmaNDalezvara gaNDarAditya deva dvArA nirmApita kiyA gayA thaa| usameM bhagavAna neminAtha jinake caraNa kamaloM ko mArAdhanA ke bala se aura vAdIbha baJAMkuza vizAlakIti paNDitadeva ke vaiyAvRtya se muni somadeva ne zaka saM0 1127 (vi0 saM0 1262) meM bora gojadeva ke vijayarAjya meM 'zabda candrikA' nAma kI vRtti banAI / isa vRtti ko mUlasaMghIya medhacandra ke dIkSita ziSya 'bhujaMga sudhAkara' (nAgacandra) aura unake ziSya haricandra yati ke liye ukta saMvata meM banAkara samApta kI thii| jaisA ki usakI prazasti ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai : 'zrI mulasaMgha jalajapratibodhamAnomadhenda dIkSitabhujaMgasudhAkarasya / rAddhAnta toyanidhivRddhi karasyatti rebhe harInyU yataye vara dIkSitAya // 2 // zabdArNava kI racanA guNa nandI ne kI thI, kyoM ki muni somadeva ne zabdacandrikA vRtti ko guNanandI ke zabdArNava meM praveza karane ke liye naukA ke samAna batalAyA hai / tathA-- 'zrI somadeva yati-nirmita mAdadhAti, yAnauH prtiit-gunnnndit-shndvaaoN| seyaM satAmamalacetasi visphuransI, vRttiH sadAnutapada parivatiSISTa / / premI jI ne do nAgacandra nAma ke vidvAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| eka nAgacandra pamparAmAyaNa ke kartA hai, jinheM abhinava pampa kahA jAtA hai yaha gahastha vidvAn the / dusare nAgacandra labdhisAra ke TIkA kartA haiM yaha muni the| ina dvitIya nAgacandra ke ziSya haricandra ke liye muni somadeva ne vRtti banAI hai| ina haricandrayatI ko 'rAdhAnta toya 1. sarapi prAphikA iDiyA ji0 2 pRSTha 421 // 2. dekho, jagatsundarI prayogamAlA prazasti / 3. svasti zrI kollApuradezAntarvArjurikA mahAsthAna yudhiSTharAvatAra mahAmaNDalezvara maMDarAditya deva nirmApita tribhuvana tilaka dinAlaye zrImatparamaparameSThi zrIneminAtha zrIpAdapa mArAdhanabalena bAdIbhavajAMkuza zrIvizAlakIti paMktideva yAvRtyata: zrImacchilAhAra kula kamala mArtaNDate gaH punarAjAdhirAja paramezvaraparamabhaTTArakapazcima cAvati zrIvIra bhojadeva vijaya rAjye zakavarSaka sasaka zatasaptaviMzati 1127 tama krodhana samvatsare svasti samastAnavidyA cakravati zrI pUjyapAdAnurakta cetasA zrImatsomadeva munIzvareNa viracitama zabdArNava candrikA nAma vRttiriti / -jana granya prazasti saM0bhA01pR0 169

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serahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi 401 nidhivRddhikara' vizeSaNa diyA hai, jisase ve siddhAnta ke vidvAn TIkAkAra jAna par3ate haiN| aura meghacandra mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha ke vidvAna the| unake prabhAcandra 'zubhacandra, bIranandI aura rAmacandra prAdi ziSya the| meSacandra kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1037 (vi0 saM0 1172) meM huyA hai| inake eka ziSya zubhacandra kA svargavAsa zaka sa. 1068 (vi0 saM0 1203) meM hayA thaa| aura vIranandI ne prAcArasAra kI kanar3I TIkA zaka saM01076 (vika saM0 1212) meM banAI thii| muni somadeva kA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI hai| mora nAgacandra ke ziSya haricandra kA samaya bhI vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI hai| kavi harideva inake pitA kA nAma caMga deva aura mAtA kA nAma citrA yaa| inake do jeThe bhAI the kiMkara aura kRSNa / unameM kiMkara mahAguNavAna, aura kRSNa svabhAvataH nipuNa the| unake tIsare putra hari hue| inase do kaniSTha bhAI vijavara aura rAghava the| jo jinacaraNoM ke bhakta aura pApoM kA mAna mardana karane vAle the / isa kuTumba ke paricaya nAgadeva kA saMskRta madanaparAjaya se calatA hai yaH zuddhasomakUlapavikAsanAko jAtojathanA saratAmavicaMgadevaH / tannanvano harirasatkavitAmasiMhaH tasmAda. bhiSagjanapatibha dinAgavaH / / 2 / / sajjAvubhau subhiSajAvihahemarAmo, rAmApriyaGkara iti priyado'thinAM yaH / tAjazcokatsitamahAmbudhipAramAptaH, zrImallagijjinapadAmbujamasabhaGgaH // tajjauhaM nAgadevAkhyaH stokajJAnena saMyuktaH, chando'laMkAra kAyyAni nAmidhAnAni vedamyaham / / kathAprAkRtabandhena harida vena yA kRtA, vakSye saMskRtabandhena bhayAnadharmavaddhaye / / 5 / / arthAt pathvI para zuddha somakUlarUpI kamala ko vikasita karane ke liye sUryarUpa yAcakoM ke liye kalpavRkSa caMgadeva hue| unake putra hari hue, jo asatkavi rUpi hastiyoM ke siMha the| unake putra hue vaidyarAja nAgadeva / nAgadeva ke hema aura rAma nAma ke do putra hue, jo donoM hI acche baidya the| rAma ke putra hue priyaMkara, jo yAcakoM ko priya the| priyaMkara ke putra hue 'mallumi, jo cikitsA mahodadhi ke pAragAmI vidvAna tathA jinendra ke caraNa-kamaloM ke matta. bhramara the| unakA putra huA maiM nAgadeva nAmaka, jo alpajJAnI huuN| kAvya, alaMkAra, aura zabda kopa ke jAna se vihIna haiN| harideva ne jisa kathA ko prAkRta bandha meM racA thA, use maiM dharmavRddhi ke liye saMskRta meM racatA huuN| __ kavi kI ekamAtra kRti 'mayaNaparAjaya cariu' hai, jo eka rUpaka kAvya hai / isameM do saMghiyAM haiM jinameM se prathama sandhi meM 37 aura dUsarI sandhi meM 81 kula 118 kaDavaka haiM / jinameM madana ko jItane kA sundara sarasa varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM paddhaDiyA, gAthA aura duvaI chanda ke sivAya vastu (raDDhA) chanda kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kita ina chandoM meM kavi ko vastu yA raDDhA chanda hI priya rahA jAnA par3atA hai| isa chanda ke sAtha grantha meM yathAsthAna 1. caMgaebahurAvijiNapayaDu / taha citta mahAsaihi pataputta kikarU mahAguNa / puNu bIyau kaNDa huu 'jeNa laghu sasahAuriNaya punn|| hari tijjau kai jANiyaha diyavaru rAghavaveda / le lahuyA jiepamathuraNahi pAvahamArae maleha ||2||-mynn parAjayacariu 2. prAkRta piMgata meM rahakA chanda kA lakSaNa isa taraha kiyA hai| jisameM prathama caraNa meM 15 mAtrAe', ditIya paraNa meM 12 tRtIya paraNa meM 15 caturya caraNa meM 11 aura caraNa meM 15 mAtrAeM ho| isa taraha 154124154 11x 15 kula mAtrAoM ke pazcAt anta meM eka dohA honA cAhie, taba prasiddha rahaDhA chanda hotA hai jise vastu chandax bhI kahA jAtA hai / (prAkRta piMgala 1-133)

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402 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 alaMkAroM kA bhI saMkSipta varNana pAyA jAnA isa kAvya kI apanI vizeSatA hai| grantha meM aneka sUktiyAM dI huI hai jina se grantha sarasa ho gayA hai| udAharaNArtha yahAM tIna sUktiyoM ko uddhRta kiyA jAtA hai 1 asighArA paheNa ko gacchai-talavAra kI dhAra para kauna calanA cAhatA hai| 2 ko bhayadaMDahi sAyarulaMghahi-bhujadaMDa se sAgara kauna taranA caahegaa| 3 ko paMcANaNu suttau khavalai-sote hue siMha ko kauna jagAyagA / isa rUpaka kAvya meM kAmadeva rAjA, moha mantrI aura prajJAna prAdi senApatiyoM ke sAtha bhAvanagara meM rAjya karatA hai / cAritrapura ke rAjA jinarAja ke usake zatru haiM, kyoMki ve mukti rUpI lakSmI (siddhi) ke sAtha apanA vivAha karanA cAhate haiN| kAmadeva ne rAga-dveSa nAma ke data dvArA jinarAja ke pAsa yaha sandeza bhejA ki Apa yA to muktikanyA se vivAha karane kA apanA vicAra chor3a deM, aura apane jJAna-darzana-caritra rUpa subhaToM ko mujhe sauMpa deM, anyathA yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho jaayeN| jinarAja ne kAmadeva se yuddha karanA svIkAra kiyA aura anta meM kAmadeva ko parAjita kara apanA vicAra pUrNa kiyA / grantha kA kathAnaka paramparAgata hI hai, kavi ne use sundara banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| racanA kA dhyAna se samIkSaNa karane para zubhacandrAcArya ke jJAnArNaya kA usa para prabhAva parilakSita hamA jAna par3atA hai| isase isa grantha kI racanA jJAnArNava ke bAda huI hai| jJAnArNava kI racanA vi0 ko 11vIM zatAbdI kI hai| usase lagabhaga do sau varSa bAda 'mayaNa parAjaya' kI racanA huI jAma par3atI hai| ___isa grantha kI eka prati saM0 1576 ko likhI huI grAbhera bhaMDAra meM surakSita hai / aura dUsarI prati saM01551 ke magazira sudi aSTamI guruvAra kI pratilipi kI huI jayapUra ke terApaMthI bar3e mandira ke zAstramaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| isa kAraNa yaha grantha kI saM01551 ke bAda kI racanA nahIM haiN| pUrva kI hai| parthAt vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya tRtIya caraNa kI racanA jAna par3atI hai| yazaHkIti-- yaza:kauti nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| / prastuta yaza:kIti una sabase bhinna jAna par3ate haiM / inhoMne apane ko 'mahAkavi' sUcita karane ke atirikta apanI guru paramparA yaura gaNa-gacchAdi kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| inakI eka mAtra kRti 'caMdappaha carija' hai jisameM 11 sandhiyAM aura 225 kaDabaka haiM, jinameM pAThaveM tIrthakara candraprabha jinakA jIvana-paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| grantha kA gata caritabhAga bar3A hI sundara aura prAMjala hai / isakA adhyayana karane se jahA~ jaina tIrthakara kI yAtma-sAdhanA kI rUpa-rekhA kA parijJAna hotA hai vahAM Atma-sAdhana kI nirmala jhAMkI kA bhI digdarzana hotA hai / kavi ne tIrthakara ke carita ko kAvya-zailI meM aMkita kiyA hai, kiMtu sAdhya carita bhAga ko sarala zabdoM meM rakhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| aura antima 11vIM sadhi meM tIrthaMkara ke upadeza kA citraNa racanA huI jAna patA likhI huI bhAmera bhAyI bar3e mandira ke zA3vIM zatAbdI ke pratilipi kI huI jayapura ke DAra meM surakSita hai / aura dasarI kAraNa yaha grantha kI 1. prastuta yaza:kIrti gopanandI ke ziSya the, jo syAdvAdatarka rUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle sUrya the| bauddha vAdiyoM ke vijetA ghe| siMhalAdhIzane jinake caraNa kamaloM kI pUjA kI thii| (jaMna lekha saM0 bhA01 lekha 55) 2. dUsare yazaHkoti vAgaDa saMgha ke bhaTTAraka vimalakIti ke ziSya aura rAmakIti ke praziSya the / 3. sosare yahAHkoti mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka papanandI ke praziSya, bha. sakasa kIti ke ziSya aura zubhacandra ke guru the| 4. cauthe yazaHkIti kASThAsaMgha mAthurAnvaya puSkaragara ke ma. sahasrakIti ke praziSpa, tathA bha0 guNakIti ke ziSya, laghubhAtA evaM paTTadhara the| yaha gvAliyara ke tomara vaMzI rAjA DUMgarasiMha ke rAjya kAla meM hue hai, inaka samaya saM. 1486 se 1520 taka hai| inakI apabhaMza bhASA kI 4 ramanAeM upalabdha hai pANDavapurANa (1467) harivaMzapurANa (1500) ravivrata kathA, aura jina rAvi kthaa| pAMca yaHkIti bha0 lalitakIti ke ziSya the, dharmazAbhyudaya kI 'sandeha pvAnta dIpikA' nAma kI TIkA ke kartA hai| chaThaveM pazaHkoti jagatsuMdarI prayoga mAlA ke kartA hai|

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi 403 karate hue dhArmika siddhAMtoM kA acchA kathana kiyA hai| kiMtu lagatA hai ki kavi ne vIranandi ke candraprabha caritra ke dhArmika kathana ko dekhA hai, donoM ko tulanA karane se kathana zailI kI samAnatA kA zrAbhAsa milatA hai / grantha meM guru paramparA kA ullekha na hone se samaya nirNaya karane meM bar3I kaThinAI ho rahI hai / kavi ne isa grantha ko huMbaDa kulabhUSaNa kumarasiMha ke putra siddhapAla ke anurodha se banAyA hai| zrAra isIlie usakI pratyeka puSpikA meM siddhapAla kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| jaisA ki usake nimna puSpikA vAkya se prakaTa hai : mahAbhavya siddhapAlasavaNabhUsaNe mahAkavi ne grantha meM apane se pUrvavartI prAcArya kA ullekha karate hue gaNi kundakunda samantabhadra devanandi (pUjyapAda) kalaMka aura jinasena siddhasena kA ullekha karate hue AcArya mandra ke muni jIvana ke samaya ghaTane vAlI ghaTanA dvArA grAThavaM tIrthaMkara ke stotra kA sAmarthya se candraprabha jinakA mUrti ke prakaTa hone kA ullekha nimna vAkyoM meM kiyA hai| :-- caMdatate mahAkave mahArAijasa kittiviraie "isiri caMda pahasA miNivvANa gamavaNo nAma eyArI sandhiparicchetrI samatA / " "meM samaMtabhaddavi muNika, ammilu NaM puNNama hicaMSu / jiu raMjiu rAyA ruddakoDi jiga vRtti miti sipiDi phoDi / phuDa dasavisAsu / " nohariu bibucaMdappahAsu ujjayaMtara aura kalaMka deva ko tArAdevI ke mAna ko dalita karane vAlA batalAyA hai| "akalaMkuNA pazcakkhuNANu je tArAdevihi jiumA / ujjA liu sAsaNa agasiddha viddhA iryAllaya samalabuddhi / " jinasena aura siddhasena ko paravAdiyoM ke darpa kA bhaMjaka batalAyA hai / ' prastuta grantha vIranandi ke candraprabha carita ke bAda banA hai / ataH isakA racanAkAla vikrama ko 12vIM yA 13vIM zatAbdI ho sakatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne candraprabha ke kartA yazaH kIrti aura bha0 guNakoti ke paTTabara yazaHkIti ko nAma sAmya ke kAraNa eka mAna liyA hai, para unhoMne donoM kI kRtiyoM kA dhyAna se samokSaNa nahIM kiyA, aura na unake bhASA sAhitya tathA kathana zailI para hI dRSTi DAlI hai / vicAra karane se donoM yazaH kIrti bhinna-bhinna haiN| unameM candraprabha carita ke kartA yazaHkoti pUrvavartI haiM, aura pANDava purANAdi ke kartA yazaHkIrti arvAcIna haiN| pANDava purANakI puSpikA vAkya nimna prakAra hai : 1 iNDa purANe yaNa-maNa-savaNa-suhayare siriguNa kitti sissa muni jasa kitti viraie sAdhu vIlhA puta hemarAja NAmaM kie minAha judhidura- bhImAjju-Na NivvANa gamaNa nakula sahadeva-sampaTThasiddhi balahadda - paMcama sagga gamaNa payAsaNo NAma cautIsamo imo saggo samato / " isa puSpikA vAkya ke sAtha caMdappaha caritra kA nimna puSpikA vAkya kI tulanA kIjie / "g far stafrae mahAkave mahAruijasakittiviraie mahAbhavva siddhapAla savaNanUsaNe caMda paha sAmi nivvANa gamaNa vaNNaNo NAma eyArahamo sandhi paricche samatto / " donoM ke puSpikA vAkya bhinnatA ke dyotaka haiN| pANDava purANa ke kartA ne apane se pUrvavartI zrAcAryoM kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| hAM grapanI bhaTTAraka paramparA kA avazya kiyA hai| manoti zrAsa | prastuta madanakIrti vAdIndra vizAla kIrti ke ziSya the aura bar3e bhArI vidvAna the| inakI zAsanacatustriM 1. jisase siddhaserA vi bhayaMta paravAra dappa-bhaMjaraNa-kamaMta | --candaprabha cariu prazasti

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4.4 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 zatikA nAmakI choTI sI racanA hai, jisakI padya saMkhyA 35 hai| jo eka prakAra se tIrtha kSetroM kA stavana hai, unameM podanapura ke bAhubalI, zrIpura ke pArzvanAtha, zaMkhajinezvara, dhArA ke pAva jina, dakSiNa ke gommaTa jina, nAgadrahajina, medapATa (mevAr3a) ke nAgaphaNigrAma ke mallijinezvara, mAlavA ke maMgalapura ke abhinandana jina, puSpapura (paTanA) ke puSpadanta, pazcima samudra ke candraprabha jina, narvadA nadI ke jala se abhiSikta zAntijina pAdApura ke vIra jina, giranAra ke neminAtha, campA ke vAsapUjya Adi tIrthoM kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| stavanoM meM aneka aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA ullekha aMkita hai aura usake pratyeka padya ke antima caraNa meM vizvAsasA zAsanam' vAkya dvArA digambara zAsana kA jayaghoSa kiyA gayA hai| mAlava deza ke maMgalapura meM mlecchoM ke pratApa kA Agamana batalAte hue likhA hai ki vahAM abhinandana jina kI mUrti ko tor3a diye jAne para vaha puna: jur3a gaI / isa ghaTanA kA ullekha vividha tIrtha kalpa ke pR057 para abhinandana kalpa nAma se kiyA gayA hai| zrI manmAlavadeza maMgalapure mlecchapratApAgate, bhAnAmUtirapobhiyojitazirAH sampUrNatA mAyayau / yasyopadravanAzinaH kalayuge'neka prabhAvataH, sazrImAnabhinandanaH sthirayataM digyAsasA zAsanam // 34 // isa padya meM jo mlecchoM ke pratApa ke prAgamana ko bAta likho hai vaha saM01246 ke bAda kI ghaTanA hai| isase itanApaura spaSTa hai ki madanakIti vikrama ko 13vo zatAbdI ke vidvAna AzAdhara ke samakAlIna haiN| paM. pAzAdhara ne prazasti meM 'madana kIrti yati patinA' vAkya ke sAtha unakA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| mAdhama pattana meM ghaTita ghaTanA kA ullekha muni madanakIrti ne zAsana catusviMzikA ke nimna 28veM padya meM kiyA hai| pUrva yA zramamAjagAmasaritA nAthAbhyudidhyAzilA, tasyAM devagaNAn dvijasya baghatastathI jinezaH svayaM / kopAdviprajanAbarodhanakaraH devaiH prapUjyAmbare, dadhe yo munisuvrataH sa jayatAt digvAsasA zAsanam // 28 // isameM batalAyA hai ki jo zilA sAratAsa pahalamAzrama ko prApta huii| usa para devagaNoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle viproM ke dvArA krodhavaza avarodha hone para bhI munisuvrata jina svayaM usa para sthita hae--yahAM se phira nahIM haTe. aura devoM dvArA AkAza meM pUjita hue, ve muni subata jina ! digambaroM ke zAsana kI jaya kreN| mAzrama pattana' nAma kA yaha sthAna jA batamAna ma kezIrAya pATana ke nAma se prasiddha hai| koTA se nau mola dara aura baMdI se tIna mIla dUra cambala nadI ke kinAre avasthita hai| yaha cambala nadI koTA go vibhAjana karatI hai| isa nadI ke kinAre munisuvrata nAtha kA caityAlaya hai jo tIrtha sthAna ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| nemi. manda sivAnta deva aura brahmadeva yahAM rahate the| somarAja zreSThI bhI vahAM pAkara tattva carcA kA rasa letA thaa| nemicandra siddhAnta deva ne ukta soma rAja zreSThI ke lie dravya saMgraha (padArtha lakSaNa) kI racanA ko tho, aura brahmadeva RETIRAN nAma ne usakI batti banAI thii| isa tIrtha kI yAtrA karane lie dUra se yAtrI pAte haiN| rAjazekhara sUri (saM0 1405) ne apane caturdizati prabandha meM likhA hai ki madana kIrti ne cAroM dizAmoM vAdiyoM ko jItakara unhoMne 'mahA prAmANika cUDAmaNi' padako prApta kI thii| unhoMne madana kIrti prabandha meM likhA 1. 'assAramme paTTaNa muni suvvaya jiNaM ca bNdaami'|-nivaarnnkaaj-- 'muNi sunvau jiNa taha aasmmi'| muni udayakIti kRta nirvANa bhakti 2. dekhiye, dravya saMgraha kI brIdeva kRta vRtti kI utpAnikA, aura dravya saMgraha ke kartA aura TIkAkAra ke samaya para vicAra nAmakA lekhaka kA lekh| --anekAnta varSa 19 ki0 1.2 pR0 145

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi hai ki eka bAra madana kIti guru ke niSedha karane para bhI ve dakSiNA patha ko prayANa karavaM karnATaka phNce| vahAM vidvastriya vijayapura nareza kuntibhoja unake pANDitya para mohita ho ge| grAra unhoMne unama apane pUrvajoM ke carita para eka grantha kI racanA karane ke lie kahA / kuntI bhoja ko kanyA madana maMjarI mukhikA thii| madana koni paca racanA karate jAte the aura madata maMjarI parde kI Ar3a meM baiThakara use likhatI jAtI thii| kucha samaya bAda una donoM ke madhya prema kA prAvirbhAva huA, aura ve eka dUsare ko cAhane lge| rAjA ko jaba isakA patA calA to usane madana koni ke vadha karane kI AjJA de dii| parantu jaba taka kanyA bhI unake lie apanI saheliyoM ke sApa parane ke lie taiyAra ho gaI, taba rAjA ne lAcara ho una donoM ko vivAha sUtra meM bAMdha diyA / madana-kIti alakA gahasya ho rahe, gurU vAdIndra vizAla kIti ke patroM dvArA bAra-bAra pratuddha kiye jAne para bhI pravuddha nahIM he| taba vizAla ko ti svaya bhI dakSiNa kI ora apane ziSya nArada karane ke lie ge| aura kolhApura prAnta ke ajArakA' nAmaka grAma meM gae, vahA~ muni somadeva ne vAdIndra vizAlakoti kI vaiyAvatya se 'zabdAva ko 'cAndrakA' nAma kI vRtti zaka sa0 1127 (vi0ma0 1262) meM banAI thii| saMbhavataH ve anta samaya meM paMDita pAzAdhara jI ko sUktiyoM meM prabuddha hue hoN| para munisuvrata kAvyAdi prazasti padyoM ke anusAra ve ahaMdAsa ho gae ho| kavi ahaMdAsa yaha sunizcita hai ki kavi mAzAdhara ke ziSya nahIM the| va unake samakAlIna the unakI jina vacana rUpa sUktiyoM se prabhAvita the / esA muni suvrata kAvya, purudeva campU mAra bhabyajana kaNThAbharaNa ke antima prazasti padyA se spaSTa pratIta hotA hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki kavi rAgabhAva ke kAraNa zraSThabhAga sa cyuta ho gae the| pAra bahata kAla bhaTakane ke pazcAt kAlalabdhi baza ve bhraSTamArga se puna: sanmArga meM loTa pAye the| yaha bAta yathArtha jAna par3atI hai| jaisA ki muni sukhatakAvya kI prazasti se prakaTa hai :-- "bAyakApapa saMbhRte bhavabane sAnmAga mekaM param / tyavasvA thAntatarazcirAya kathamayyAsAdya kaalaavmum| saddharmAmRtamukhataM jinavacaH kSIrodadherAdarAta pAyaM pAya mitaH zramaH sukhapayaM dAso bhavAmyahataH / / 64 // arthAta-kumArga se bhare hue saMsAra rUpI vana meM jo eka zreSTha mArga thA, use chor3akara meM bahuta kAla taka bhaTakatA rahA / anta meM bahuta thakakara kisI taraha kAlalabdhi vaza use phira pAyA / so aba jina vacanarUpa kSIrasAgara se uddhata kiye hue dharmAbhUta ko santoSapUrvaka pI-pIkara aura vigata zrama hokara maiM ahaM bhagavAna kA dAsa hotA hai|' mithyAtva rUpa karma paTala se bahuta kAla taka DhaMkI huI merI donoM prAMkha jo kumArga meM ho jAtI thI, AzAghara kI uktiyoM ke viziSTa aMjana se svaccha ho gaI aura isalie aba maiM satpatha kA prAzrayaletA huuN| jaisA ki nimna paJca se prakaTa hai: mithyAtva karmapadalahicaramAyate meM yugma vRze kupathayAnanidAnabhUte / prAzAgharokti lasadaMjana saMprayogaranchIkRte pTathula satpathamAzrito'smi // 6 // purudeva campU ke anta meM kavi ne mithyAtva karma rUpa paMka se gaMdale apane mAnasa ko AzAdhara ko sUktiyoM kI nirmalI se svaccha hone kA bhAva prakaTa kiyA hai| bhavya kaNThAbharaNa paMjikA meM pAzAdhara kI sUktiyoM kI bar3I prazaMsA kI gaI hai| isase lagatA hai ki madana 1. mithyAtva paMkakaluSe mama mAnase 'sminnAzAdharokti katkaprasaraM prasanne / ullAsitena zaradA purudeva bhaktayA taccampa daMbhajalajena samujjajambhe // 1 2. sUktyaiva teSAM bhavabhIrakho ye gRhAzramasthA caritAtmadharmAH / ta evaM zeSA amiNAM sahAya dhanyAH syurAzAparasUrimukhyAH // 236

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 vk kIrti anta meM prazAdhara kI sUktiyoM ke prabhAva se zrahaMdAsa bana gaye hoM, to koI zrAzcarya nahIM hai, kyoMki A~kheM aura mana donoM ho rAga bhAva meM kAraNa hai / to jaba hRdaya mana aura netra sabhI svaccha ho gaye - rAgarUpI aMjana jJAnArjana se ghula gayA aura AtmA arhanta kA dAsa bana gyaa| yaha saba kathana kupatha se sanmArga meM Ane kI ghaTanA kA saMdyotaka hai / premI jI ne jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke pR0 350 meM likhA hai ki ina padyoM meM spaSTa hI unakI sUktiyA~ unake sadgranthoM kA hI saMketa hai jinake dvArA grahaMdAsa ko sanmArga kI prApti huI thI, guru-ziSyatva kA nahIM / ho, jatibandha kI pUrvokta kathA ko par3hane ke bAda hamArA yaha kalpanA karane ko jI avazya hotA hai ki kahIM madanakIti hI to kumArga meM Thokare khAte-khAte anta meM zrAzAdhara kI sUktiyoM se addAsa na bana gaye hoM / pUrvokta granthoM meM jo bhAva vyakta kiye gae haiM, unase to isa kalpanA ko bahuta puSTi milatI hai|" inakA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI hai / bhAvasena zravidya bhAvasena nAma ke tIna vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| unameM eka bhAvasena kASThAsaMgha lADavAgaDa gaccha ke vidvAna gopasena ke ziSya aura jayasena ke guru the| jayasena ne apanA 'dharmaratnAkara' nAmaka saMskRta grantha vikrama saMvat 1055 (san 668) meM samApta kiyA thA / ataH ye bhAvasena vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke vidvAna haiM / dUsare bhAvasena bhI kASThAsaMgha mAthuragaccha ke AvArya the| yaha dharmasena ke ziSya aura sahasrakIti ke guru the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI hai| ina donoM bhAvasenoM se prastuta bhAvasena traividya bhinna haiN| yaha dakSiNa bhArata ke vidvAna the / yaha mUlasaMgha sena gaNa ke vidvAna AcArya the| aura vidya kI upAdhi se alaMkRta the / yaha upAdhi una vidvAnoM ko dI jAtI thI, jo zabdAgama, tarkAgama aura paramAgama meM nipuNa hote the| senagaNa kI paTTAvalI meM inakA ullekha nimna prakAra hai:- parama zabda brahH svarUpa trividyAdhipa paravAdi parvatavanadaNDa zrI bhAvasena bhaTTArakANAm (jaina si0 bhA0 varSa 1 pR0 38) bhAvasena vidya deva apane samaya ke prabhAvazAlI vidvAna jJAta hote haiM / inhoMne apanI racanAoM meM svayaM vidya aura vAdi parvata vajriNA upAdhiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jisase yaha vyAkaraNa ke sAtha darzanazAstra ke viziSTa vidvAna jAna par3ate haiM / isIlie ve vAdirUpI parvatoM ke liye bajra ke samAna the| inakI racanAeM bhI vyAkaraNa aura darzanazAstra para upalabdha hai| vizvatatva prakAza ko prazasti ke pUrva padya meM apane ko SaTtarka, zabdazAstra, prazeSa rAddhAMta, vaidyaka, kavitva saMgIta aura nATaka Adi kA bhI vidvAna sUcita kiyA hai / yathA -- baTtakaM zabdazAstraM svadaramatagata zeSa rAddhAntayakSaH vadhaM vAkya vilekhyaM viSamasamavibheda prayukta kavitvam / saMgIta sarvakAvyaM sarakavikRtaM nATake vArasa samyag vidyatvaM pravRttistava kathamavato bhAvasenavratIndram // 5 bhAvasena zravidya ne apane vyavahAra ke sambandha meM vizvatatva prakAza ke anta meM likhA hai ki- 'durbaloM ke 1. vANendriya vyoma somamite saMvatsare zubhe / 1055 / grantho'yaM siddhatAM yAta sabalI kara hATa ke // -dharma ratnAkara prazasti 2. zravaNa belagola ke san 1915 ke zilAlekhoM meM meSacandra avi ko siddhAnta meM vIrasena SaTtaka meM akalaMka deva, aura vyAkaraNa meM pUjyapAda ke samAna batalAyA hai| aura narendra kIrti vidya ko bhI tarka byakaraNa- siddhAntA havana dina kara medasida zrIman narendakIrti traiviya bevara' nAma se ullekha kiyA hai| jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 3 0 62

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terahavA aura paudahavI zatAbdI ke bavAnAcArya aura kavi prati merA anugraha rahatA hai, samAnoM ke prati saujanya, aura zreSThoM ke prati sanmAna kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai kintu jo apanI buddhi ke garva se uddhata hokara spardhA karate haiN| unake gavarUpI parvata ke lie mere vacana vana ke samAna hote haiN|' kSINe'nugrahakAritA samajane saujanyamAtmAdhike, saMmAna'nutabhASasena munipe vidyavedhe mayi / siddhAnto'tha payApi yaH svadhiSaNA garyoddhataH kevalaM, saMspardheta tadIyagarvakudhare vApate gadvacaH / / inakI kRtiyoM kI puSpikAoM aura antima padyoM meM, paravAdigiri surezvara, bAdiparvata vajrabhUt vAkyoM kA ullekha milatA hai jinase unake tarkazAstra meM niSNAta vidvAna hone kI sUcanA milatI hai yathA bhAvasena trivicAryo vAviparvatavanabhat siddhAntasAra zAstra'smina pramANa pratyayIpadat // 102 iti paravAdigiri sureyabara zrImad bhAvasena vidya deva viracite siddhAntasAre mokSazAstra pramANanirUpaNa nAma prathamaH paricchedaH // kAtaMtra rUpamAlA ke anta meM bhI unhoMne vidya aura vAdiparvata vajriNA upAdhi kA ullekha kiyA hai: bhAvasena vidyena vAviparvata vaviNA / kRtAyAM rUpamAlAyAM kRvamtaH paryapUryataH / / samaya bhAvasena vidya kA amarApura gAMva ke nikaTa, jo pAndhra pradeza ke anantapura jile meM nimna samAdhilekha aMkita hai| "zrI mulasaMgha semagaNA vAdigiri ykhddmpp| bhAvasena vidyacakravatiya niSidhiH // " isa lekha kI lipi terahavIM sadI ke adhika anukUla batalAI jAtI hai| yadi yaha lipi kAla ThIka hai to bhAvasena kA samaya IsA kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga honA caahie| DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne likhA hai ki veda prAmANya ko carcA meM bhAvasena ne 'turuSka zAstra' ko (pR050 aura 18 meM) bahujana sammata kahA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM muslima sattA kA vistAra alAuddIna khilajI ke samaya huA hai| alAuddIna ne san 1296 (vi0 1353) se 1315 (vi0 saM0 1372) taka 16 varSa rAjya kiyA hai / isase bhI bhAvasena IsA kI 13voM ke upAntya meM aura vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| aisA jAna par3atA hai| racanAeM DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne 'vizvatattva prakAza' kI prastAvanA meM bhAvasena ko daza racanAeM batalAI haiM-vizvatattva prakAza, pramAprameya, kathA vicAra, zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa TIkA, kAtantrarUpamAlA, nyAya sUryAvalI, bhukti muktivicAra, siddhAntasAra, nyAyadIpikA aura sapta padArthI TIkA / ye racanAeM sAmane nahIM haiN| isalie ina saba ke sambandha meM likhanA zakya nahIM haiN| yahAM unakI tIna racanAmoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai| vizvatatva prakAza-mAlUma hotA hai yaha gaddhapicchAcArya ke tatvArthaviSayaka maMgala padya ke 'jhAtAraM vizva tattvAnAM' vAkya para vistRta vicAra kiyA hai, isIse puSpikA meM 'mokSazAstra vizvatattva prakAze rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai, aura yaha grantha usakA prathama pariccheda hai / isase spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai ki lekhaka ne tattvArtha sUtra ke maMgalAcaraNa para vizAla grantha likhane kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| isake anya paccheida likhe gaye yA nahIM kucha mAlUma nahIM hotaa| pramA prameya-yaha grantha bhI dArzanika carcA se ota-prota hai| isake maMgala padya meM to 'pramA prameyaM prakaTa

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408 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 pravakSye' vAkya dvArA pramAprameya grantha ko banAne kI pratijJA kI gaI haiN| kintu antima puSpikA vAkya meM ise siddhAMtasAra mokSa zAstra kA pahalA prakaraNa batalAyA hai:-"iti paravAdigiri surezvara zrImada bhAvasena vidyadeva viracite siddhAntasAre mokSa zAstre pramANa nirUpaNaH prathamaH paricchedaH / ' ye donoM granyakartA ko dArzanika kRti haiN| mora donoM hI grantha DaoN0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara dvArA sampAdita hokara 'jIvarAja granthamAlA' zolApura se prakAzita ho cuke haiN| kAtaMtrarUpamAlA-isameM zarvavarmAkRta kAtantra vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM ke anusAra zabda rUpoM ko siddhi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa grantha ke prathama sandarbha meM 574 sUtroM dvArA sandhi, nAma, samAsa aura taddhita kA varNana hai / mora dUsare sandarbha meM 806 sUtroM dvArA tiGganta va kRdanta kA varNana hai| paMDita pravara prAzAdhara mahAkavi pAzAdhara vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke pratibhA sampanna vidvAna the| unake bAda una jaisA pratibhAzAlI bahuzruta vidvAna granthakartA aura jainadharma kA udyotaka dUsarA kavi nahIM huaa| nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, alaMkAra, zabdakoza, dharmazAstra, yogazAstra aura vaMdyaka prAdi vividha viSayoM para unakA asAdhAraNa adhikAra thaa| unakI lekhanI askhalita, gambhIra aura viSaya kI spaSTa vivecaka hai| unakI pratibhA kevala jaMna zAstroM taka hI sImita nahIM thI, pratyuta anya bhAratIya granthoM kA unhoMne kevala adhyayana hI nahIM kiyA thA, kintu 'aSTAMgahRdaya' kAvyAlaMkAra aura amarakoza jaise granthoM para unhoMne TIkAe bhI racI thiiN| kintu kheda hai ki ve TIkAe aba upalabdha nahIM haiN| mAlavapati arjunavarmA ke rAjaguma bAlasarasvatI kavi madana ne unake samIpa kAvyazAstra kA adhyayana kiyA thA / aura vindhya varmA ke sandhi vihika mantrI bilhaNa kavIza ne unakI pranaMsA kI hai| unheM mahA vidvAna yatipati madana kIrtine 'prajJApuMja' kahA hai aura udayasena muni ne jinakA 'nathavizvacakSu' 'kAvyAmRtoSa rasapAna sutapta gAtra' tathA 'kalikAlidAsa' jaise vizeSaNa padoM se abhinandana kiyA hai| aura vindhyavarmA rAjA ke mahAsAndhi vigrahika mantrI (pararASTra saciva) kavIza bilhaNa ne jina kI ekazloka dvArA 'sarasvatI putra' prAdi ke rUpa meM prazaMsA kI hai| yaha saba sammAna unakI udAratA para vizAla vidvattA ke kAraNa prApta huA hai| usa samaya unake pAsa aneka muniyoM vidvAnoM, bhaTTArakoM ne adhyayana kiyA hai| vAdIndra vizAlakoti ko unhoMne nyAyazAstra kA adhyayana karAyA thA, paura bhaTrAraka vinayacandra ko dharmazAstra par3hAyA thaa| aura aneka vyaktiyoM ko vidyAdhyayana karAkara unake jJAna kA vikAsa kiyA thaa| unakI kRtiyoM kA dhyAna se samIkSaNa karane para unake vizAla pANDitya kA sahaja hI patA cala jAtA hai| unakI anagAra dharmAmRta kI TIkA isa bAta kI pratIka hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki paNDita prAzAdhara jI meM upalabdha jaina janetara sAhitya kA gaharA adhyayana kiyA thaa| ve apane samaya ke udbhaTa vidvAna the, aura unakA vyaktitva mahAna thaa| aura rAjya mAna vidvAna the| janmabhUmi aura vaMza paricaya paM. pAzAdhara aura unakA parivAra mUlataH mAMDalagar3ha (mevAr3a) ke nivAsI thA / pAzAdhara kA janma vahIM huA thA / ata: AzAdhara kI janmabhUmi mAMDalagar3ha thii| vahAM ve apane jIvana ke daza-pandraha varSa hI bitA pAye the ki san 1262 (vi0 saM0 1246) meM zahAbuddIna gorI ne pRthvI rAja ko kaidakara dillI ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA, aura ajamera para adhikAra kiyaa| taba gorI ke prAkramaNa se saMtrasta ho aura cAritra kI rakSA ke lie ve saparikara bahuta logoM ke sAtha mAlavadeza kI rAjadhAnI dhArA meM pAvase the| usa samaya dhArA nagarI mAlavarAjya 1. AzAdhara tvaM mayi thiddhi siddha nisargasaundaryamajayamAyaM / sarasvatIputratayA yadetadartha para dAcmayaM prapaJcaH // 6 2. mlecchezena sapAdalakSaviSaye vyApte suvRttakSatitrAsAdvindhyanarendadoH parimalasphUrjastrivarmojasi / prApto mAlava maNule bahuparIvAraH purImAvasan, yo dhArAmapaThajjinapramitivAkzAstra mahAvIrataH / / 5 -banagAradharmAmRtaprazasti

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4 terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya aura kavi kI rAjadhAnI thI, aura vidyA kA kendra banI huI thI / zrara mAlavarAjya kA zAsaka paramAra vaMzI nareza vindhyavarmA thA / mahAkavi madana kI pArijAta maMjaro ke anusAra usa vizAla nagarI meM caurAsI caurAhe the / vahAM aneka dezoM aura dizAoM se Ane vAle vidvAnoM aura kalA kovidoM kI bhIr3a lagI rahatI thI / yadyapi vahAM apaneka vidyApITha the, kiMtu una saba meM khyAtiprApta zAradA sadana nAmaka vizAla vidyApITha thaa| vahA~ aneka pratiSThita dhAvakoM jainavidvAnoM aura zramaNoM kA nivAsa thA, jo dhyAna, adhyayana aura adhyApana meM saMlagna rahate the| ina saba se dhArA nagarI usa samaya sampanna aura samRddhi ko prApta thI / AzAghara ne dhArA meM nivAsa karate hue paNDita zrIdhara ke ziSya paNDita mahAvIra se nyAya aura vyAkaraNa zAstra kA adhyayana kiyA thA / inakI jAti vardharavAla thii| pitA kA nAma 'sallakhaNa' zrora mAtA kA nAma 'zrI ratnI' thaa| patnI kA chAr3a thA, jisane arjunabhUpati ko anuraMjita kiyA thA / isake sivAya inake. milatA / paM0 zrAzAdhara arjunavarmA ke rAjya kAla meM hI jaina dharma kA udyota (nAlachA ) meM cale gaye the / jIvanakAla meM dhArA ke rAjya siMhAsana para pAMca rAjAnoM ko baiThe hue dekhA thA / kintu unakI upalabdha racanAe' devapAla aura unake putra jaitugideva ke rAjya kAla meM racI gaI thiiN| isIse unakI prazastiyoM meM ukta donoM rAjAoMoM kA ullekha milatA hai| nAlachA meM usa samaya aneka dharmaniSTha zrAvakoM kA AvAsa thaa| vahAM kA neminAtha kA mandira prAzAdhara ke adhyayana aura grantha racanA kA sthala thaa| vaha unakA eka prakAra kA vidyApITha thA, jahAM tIsa-tIsa varSa raha kara unhoMne aneka grantha race, unakI TIkAeM likhI gaI, aura adhyApana kArya bhI sampanna kiyaa| jainadharma aura jaina sAhitya ke abhyudaya ke lie kiyA gayA eNDitapravara dhAvAvara kA yaha mahatvapUrNa kArya unakI kIrti ko amara raktregA 1 nAma sarasvatI aura putra kA nAma parivAra kA aura koI ullekha nahIM karane ke lie dhArA se nalakacchapura yadyapi paM0 prazAdhara ne apane saMvat 122 meM mAzAdhara jI nAlachA se salakhaNapura gaye the| usa samaya vahAM aneka dhArmika zrAvaka rahate the / malha kA putra nAgadeva bhI vahAM kA nivAsI thA, jo mAlava rAjya ke cuMgI Adi vibhAga meM kArya karatA thA / aura yathAzakti dharma kA sAdhana bhI karatA thaa| prAzAdhara usa samaya gRhasthAcArya the / nAgadeva kI preraNA se 408 1. "caturanIti catuSpatha surasadana pradhAne "sakaladigantaropagatAne karjavitha sahRdayakalA- kovida rasika mukavi sNkule| 2. "yojana pramiti vAkzAstre mahAvIrataH // " 3. yaH putraM chAI guNyaM raMjitArjana bhUpatim' / 4. 'zrImadanapAla rAjye zrAvaka saMkule / janArtha yo nalakapure vasat // nalakara ko nAlachA kahate haiN| yaha sthAna dhArA nagarI se 10 kosako dUrI sthita hai| yahAM bhaya bhI jaina mandira aura kucha zrAvakoM ke ghara haiM / 5. sAdhImaMDitavAgavaMza sumaNeH sajjaina cUDAmaNaiH / mAlhAkhyAsya sutaH prasIta mahimA zrI nAgadevo'bhavat / / 1 yaH zulkAdipadeSu mAlavapateH nAtrAti yuktaM zivaM / zrI sallakSaNayA svamAzritavasaH kA prApayataH zriyaM // 2 1 zrI kezava senAyaMvayaM vAkyAdupeyuSA / pAkSika dhAvakIbhAvaM tenamAlava maMDale // 3 sallakSaNapurai tiSThan gRhasthAcArya kuMjaraH / paNDitAzAdharo bhaktyA vijJaptaH samyagekadA || prAyeNa rAjakArye'varuddha dharmAzritasya me bhAikiMcidanuSTheyaM vratamAdizyatAmiti // 4 tatastena samIkSo vai paramAgamavistaraM / upaviSTa satAmiSTatasyAyAM viSisattamaH // tenAnyazca yathA zakti bhI tairanuSThitaH / graMtho cudhAzApareNa saddharmArthaM mayo kRtaH // 7 vikramArka vyazItya dvAdazAbdazatAtyaye / dazamyA pazcime bhAge) kRSNe prathatAM kathA // patnI zrI nAmadeva maMdyAraNa nAyikA yAsodratnatrayavidhi bharatInAM purasmarI // - ratnatraya vidhi prazasti

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410 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 unhoMne usakI patnI ke lie 'ratnatrayaM-vidhAna' kI racanA kI thii| usakI prazasti ke caturtha padya meM unhoMne apane ko 'gRhasthAcA kuMjara' batalAyA hai, jaisA ki usake nimna padya se spaSTa hai: sallakSaNapure tiSThan gRhasthAcAryakuMjaraH / paNDitAzAdharo bhaktyA vijJaptaH samyagekadA ||4|| mAlavanareza zrarjunava deva kA bhAdrapada sudI 15 budhavAra saM0 1272 kA likhA huA dAnapatra milA hai| usake anta meM likhA hai - racitamidaM mahAsandhi0 rAjA salakhaNa saMmatena rAjaguruNA madanena / " isase spaSTa hai| ki yaha dAla para mahAmaMtrI rAjA lakhaNa kI sammati se rAjaguru madana ne rcaa| sambhava hai zrAzAdhara ke pitA salakhaNa arjunavarmA ke mahAsandhi vigrahika maMtrI bana gaye hoM / paNDita AzAghara gRhastha vidvAna the aura ve antima jIvana taka sambhavataH gRhastha zrAvaka hI rahe haiN| hAM jina sahastra nAma kI racanA karate samaya ve saMsAra ke deha-bhogoM se udAsIna ho gae the, aura unakA mohAveza zithila ho gayA thA, jaisA ki usake nimna vAkyoM se pragaTa hai : prabho bhavAMgabhogeSu nirviNNo duHkha bhIrukaH / eSa vijJApayAmi tvAM zaravyaM karuNArNavam // 1 ar mohagrahAveza thihiyA tkiJci dunmukhaH sahastra nAma kI racanA saM0 1285 ke bAda nahIM huI vaha saM0 1296 se pUrva ho cukI thI, kyoMki jinayajJakalpakI prazasti meM usakA ullekha hai / ataH ve 1266 se kucha pUrva ve udAsIna zrAvaka ho gaye the / racanAeM prApakI 20 racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| unameM se sambhavataH sAta racanAeM prApta nahIM huiiN| jinakI khoja karane kI AvazyakatA hai| zeSa 13 racanAoM meM se 5 racanAoM meM racanA kAla pAyA jAtA hai / bhATha racanAoM meM racanAkAla nahIM diyA / 1 prameyaratnAkara - ise granthakAra ne syAdvAda vidyAkA nirmala prasAda batalAyA hai yaha gadya-padyamaya grantha hogA, jo zraprApya hai / 2 bharatezvarAbhyudaya - (siddhayaMka) isake pratyeka sarga ke antima vRtta meM 'siddhi' zabda pAyA hai, svopajJa TIkA sahita hai aura usameM RSabhadeva ke putra bharata ke abhyudaya kA varNana hai| yaha kAvya grantha bhI aprApya hai / 3 jJAnadIpikA- yaha sAgAra anagAra dharmAmRta kI svopajJa paMjikA hai, jo aba aprApya ho gaI hai / bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti ke kezariyA jI ke sarasvatI bhavana kI sUcI meM 'dharmAmRtapaMjikA' AzAdhara kI upalabdha hai, jo saM0 1541 kI likhI huI hai| sambhava hai yaha vahI ho, anveSaNa karanA caahie| 4 rAjImatI vipralaMbha - yaha eka khaNDa kAvya hai, svopajJa TIkA sahita hai| isameM rAjImatI aura neminAtha ke viyoga kA kathana hai, yaha bhI aprApya hai / 5 zradhyAtma rahasya- yaha 72 zlokAtmakagrantha hai, jise kavine apane pitAkI bhAzA se banAyA thaa| isakI prati ajamera ke zAstrabhaMDAra se mukhtAra sA0 ko prApta huI thI, jise unhoMne hindI TIkAke sAtha vorasevAmandira se prakAzita kiyA hai / yaha adhyAtma viSayakA grantha hai| isameM zrAtmA-paramAtmA aura donoM ke sambandha kI yathArtha vastusthiti kA rahasya yA marma udghATita kiyA gayA hai / mAcArya kundakunda ne zrAtmA ke bahirAtmA, prantarAtmA aura paramAtmA ye tIna bheda kiye haiM paM0 zrAzAvara jI ne svAtmA, zuddhasvAtmA aura parabrahma ye tIna bheda kiye haiM aura unake svarUpa tathA prApti Adi kA kathana kiyA hai| grantha manana karane yogya hai / 6 mUlArAdhanA TIkA - yaha zivArya ke prAkRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA hai| jo aparAjita sUri kI TIkA ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukI hai| 7 iSTopadeza TIkA -- yaha AcArya devanandI (pUjyapAda) ke prasiddha grantha kI TIkA hai, jo sAgaracandra ke ziSya

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, prAcArya aura kavi 411 munindra ke pranurodha se banAI thI / aura vaha hindo DhokA ke sAtha vora sevAmandira se prakAzita ho cukI hai| 8 bhUpAla catuvizati TIkA - yaha bhUpAla kavi ke catuvizati stotra kI TIkA hai, jo ukta vinayacandra muni ke liye banAI gaI thI, aura bambaI se prakAzita ho cukI hai / E ArAdhanAsAra TIkA - yaha devasena ke prAkRta prArAdhavAsAra ko 7 patrAtmaka aura saM0 1551 ko likhI huI saMkSipta TIkA hai, jo ukta vinayacandra muni ke uparodhase racI gaI hai aura Amera ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai. usakA Adi-anta bhAga isa prakAra hai : praNamya paramAtmAnaM svazaktyAzAdharaH sphuTa: / zrArAdhanAsAragUDha padArthAM kathayAmyahaM // 1 vimaletyAdi' vimalebhyaH kSINakaSAyaguNebhyo'tizayena bimalA vikalatarA zuddhatarAH guNA paramAvagADha samyagdarzanAdayaH / siddhaM jIvanmuktaM jagatpratItaM vA / surasena vaMdiyaM sahasvAmibhasenAH sa svAmikAH nija nija svAmiyukta catuNikAya vevastathA devasena nAmnA granthakRtA namaskRtamityarthaH / zrArAhaNAsAraM samyagdarzanAdI mudyotanAdyupAya paMcakArAdhanA tasyAH sa samyagdarzanAdi catuSTayaM tayA tasyai vA rAdhanA layopAdeya vattAt // 11 // vinayacandramunerhatA rAzAdharakavIzvaraH / sphuTamArAdhanAsAraM TippanaM kRtavAnidam // upalabdha hai| upazama iva sUrta sAgarendrAnmunIndrA'dajani dinayacandraH saskokacandraH / jagadamRta sagarbhAH zAstrasaMdarbhagarbhAH zuci caritavariSNo ryasya dhigvativAcaH / / evamArAdhanAsAra gUDhArtha (pada) vivRtiH / ziSye taM zreyothino bodhayituM kRtAmatA // 1 zrI vinayacandrArthamityAzAdhara viracitArAdhanAsAra vivRttiH samAptA / zubham svasti zrAdijina praNamya, saM0 1581 cha / 10 zramarakoza TIkA- yaha amarasiMha ke prasiddha koSa kI TIkA hai jo aprApya hai / 11 kriyAkalApa - isakI 52 patrAtmaka prati ai0 pannAlAla di0 jaina sarasvatI bhavana bambaI meM 12 kAvyAlaMkAra TIkA- yaha rudraTa ke kAvyAlaMkAra kI TIkA hai / 13 sahasra nAma svopajJavivRti sahita - yaha grantha apanI svopajJa vivRti aura zrutasAgara sUri kI TIkA tathA hindI TIkA ke sAtha bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isa TIkA kI prati muni vinayacandra ne likhI thI / 14 jinayazakalpa saTIka - yaha mUla grantha prakAzita ho cukA hai| parantu isako svopajJa TokA abhI prApta hai / grantha meM pratiSThAsambandhi kriyAoM kA vistRta varNana hai| mahAkavi AzAdhara ne yaha grantha vi0 saM0 1285 . meM paramaravaMzI rAjA devapAla ke rAjya meM tala kacchapura ke neminAtha caityAlaya meM pApA sAdhu ke anurodha se banAkara samApta kiyA thaa| jaisA ki usake prazasti padyase prakaTa hai| 1. pUrI gAthA isa prakAra hai vimalayara gusamiddha siddha' suraseA vaMdiyaM sirasA / rAmiNa mahAvIraM vocchaM ArAhaNAsAraM // 1 // 2. khAMDilyAnvaya bhUSaNAsa sutaH sAgAradharmarato, vAstavya nalakaccha cArunagare karttA paropakriyAm / sarvajJAcaM napA pradAnasamayodyota pratiSThAnaraNI, pApA sAdhurakAyatpunarimaM kRtvoparoSaM muhuH // - jina yajJakalpa pra0

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412 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAna 3 vikrama varSa sapaMcAzIti dvAvazazateSvatIteSu / AzvinasitAntya bivase sAhasamallA parAtyasya / zrIdevapAla napateH pramArakulazekharasya saurAjye, nala kacchapure siddho granthoyaM neminAthacaityagRhe // 20 // 15 triSaSTi smatizAstra saTIka isameM tiresaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA carita jinasenAcArya ke mahApurANa ke prAdhAra se atyanta saMkSepa meM likhA gayA hai / ise paMDita jI ne nitya svAdhyAya ke liye, jAjAka paNDita kI preraNA se racA thaa| isakI pAdyaprati khaNDelavAla kulotpanna dhInAka nAmaka zrAvaka ne likhI thii| kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1262 meM samApta kI hai, jaisA ki usakI antima prazasti ke nimna padyA se prakaTa hai : pramAravaMzavArthIndudevapAlanapAtmaje / zrImajjaitugideve'si sthAmnAvantIbhavatyalam // 12 nalakacchapure zrImannemicaityAlaye'sidhAt / grantho'yaM dvinavavayeka vikramArkasamAptaye // 13 nityamahodyota---yaha jinAbhiSeka (snAna zAstra) zrutasAgara sUrikA TIkA ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| 16 ratnatraya vidhAna-yaha grantha bahuta choTA-sA hai aura gadya meM likhA gayA hai, kucha padya bhI diye haiN| ise kavi ne salakhaNa pura ke nivAsI nAgadeva ko preraNA se, jo paramAravaMzI rAjA deva pAla (sAhasamalla) ke rAjya meM zAka vibhAga meM (cugI prAdi Taiksa ke kArya meM) niyukta thA, usakI patnI ke liye saM0 1282 meM banAyA thA / jaisA ki usakI prazasti ke nimna padyase prakaTa hai :-- vikramArpha dhyshiityprvaashaashvshtaatyye| dazamyAM pazcime (bhAge kRSNe prathatAM kthaa|| patnI zrInAgavevasya naMdayAddharmeNa yaayikaa| tAsIdratnatraryAvapicaratInAM purasma 17-18 sAgaradharmAmRta kI bhavyakumuvacandrikA TIkA sAgAradharma kA varNana karane vAlA prastuta grantha paMDita jI ne paurapATAnvayI mahIcanda sAdhu kI preraNA se racA thA aura usIne isakI prathama pustaka likhakara taiyAra kii| isakI TIkA kI racanA vi0 saM0 1266 meM poSabadI 7 zukravAra ko huI hai / isakA parimANa 4500 zloka pramANa hai| 19-20 pranagAra dharmAmRta kI bhavya kumuda candrikA TIkA-- kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA 154 zlokoM meM kI hai| dhaNacandra aura harideva kI preraNA se isakI TIkA kI racanA bAraha hajAra do sau zlokoM meM pUrNa kI hai, aura use vi0 saM01300 meM kArtika sudI 5 somavAra ke dina samApta kI thii| TIkA paMDita jI ke vizAla pAMDitya kI dyotaka hai| isake adhyayana se unake vizAla pradhyayana kA patA calatA hai| mANikacanda granthamAlA se isakA prakAzana sana 1616 meM hamA thA / mulagrantha aura saMskRta TIkA donoM hI aprApya haiN| bhAratIya jJAnapITha ko isa granthako saMskRta hindI TIkA ke sAtha prakAzita karanA cAhiye / anya prameya bahula hai| narendrakIti traividya--- mulasaMgha koNDakandAnvaya dezIyagaNa pUstaka gaccha ke prAcArya sAgara nandi siddhAnta deva ke praziSya aura muni paDava ahanandi ke ziSya the| jo tarka,dhyAkaraNa aura siddhAnta zAstra meM nipuNa hone ke kAraNa vidya kahalAte the| inake sagharmA 36 guNamaNDita aura paMcAcAra nirata municandra bhaTTAraka the| inakA ziSya deva yA devarAja thaa| yaha devarAja kauzika muni kI paramparA meM humA hai| kaDucarite ke devarAja ne sUranahalli meM eka jina mandira banavAyA thaa| usako hoyasala devarAjane sUranahalli' grAmadAna meM diyA thaa| ata: usane suranahalli 40 hona meM se 10 hona isake liye nikAla diye, aura usakA nAma 'pArzvapura' rakha diyaa| devarAna ne municandra ke pAda prakSAlana pUrvaka bhUmidAna diyA 2. saMkSipyatA purANAni nitya svAdhyAya siddhaye / iti paMDita jAjAkAdviptiA rikAra meM 1-triSaSThi smRtizAstra

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negI daura pauvAdI dIpAlabhAnArya aura kati 413 luIsa rAisa ke anusAra isa lekha kA samaya 1154 I0 hai| yahI samaya san 1154 (vi0 saM0 1211 narendra kIti vidya aura unake sadharmA municanda kA hai| vAsabasena muni vAsabasena ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA / aura na grantha meM racanA kAla hI diyaa| inako eka mAtra kRti yazodhara carita hai| usameM itanA mAtra ullekha kiyA hai ki bAgaDAnvaya meM janma lene vAle bAsavasena kI yaha kRti hai-'kRti vAsabasenasya vAgaDAnSaya janmataH / ' graMtha 8 sargAtmaka eka khaNDa kAvya hai / jisa meM rAjA yazodhara aura candramatI kA jIvana aMkita kiyA gayA hai / yazodhara kA kathAnaka dayApUrNa pora sarasa. rahA hai / isI se yazodhara ke saMbaMdha meM digambara-zvetAmbara vidvAnoM aura prAcAryoM ne prAkRta saMskRta bhASAmeM aneka graMtha likhe haiN| vAstava meM ye kAvya dayAdharma ke vistAraka haiN| inameM sabase purAnA kAvya prabhaMjana kA yazodhara carita hai| isa carita kA ullekha kuvalayamAlA ke kartA udyotanasUri (vi0 saM0835 ke lagabhaga) ne kiyA hai / kavibAsabasena ne likhA hai ki pahale prabhaMjana aura hariSeNa Adi kabiyoM ne jo kacha kahA hai vaha mujha bAlaka se kase kahA jA sakatA hai| premI jI ne likhA hai ki vikrama saM0 1365 meM gaMdharva ne puSpadanta ke yazodharacArakola kA prasaMga, vivAha mora bhavAMtara kathana carita meM zAmila kiyA hai usakA unhoMne yathAyasthAna ullekha bhI karanA hai| kavi gaMdharva ne pahalI saMdhi ke 27 veM kaDavaka kI 79vIM pakti meM likhA hai ki-'jaM vAsabaseNi pubaraija, taM pekkhavi gaMdhavaNa kahiu' / isase spaSTa hai ki vAsavasena kA yazodhara carita pahale racA gayA thA, use dekhakara hI gaMdharva kavi ne likhA hai| isa ullekha se itanA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vAsabasena vi0 saM0 1365 se pUrva vartI vidvAna hai, usase bAda ke nhiiN| saMbhavata: ve vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna ho| yAdIndra vizAlakIti bar3e bhArI vAdI the / inheM paNDita pAzAdhara jI ne nyAyazAstra par3hAyA thaa| ve tarkazAstra meM nipuNa the, aura ghArA yA ujjaina ke nivAsI the| yaha dhArA yA ujjaina kI gaddI ke bhaTTAraka the inake ziSya madanakoti the| apane garu ke manA karane para bhI madanakIti dakSiNa deza kI mora karnATaka cale gae the| vahAM para vidvapriya vijayapura nareza kuntibhoja unake pANDitya para mohita ho ge| phira ve vahAM se vApisa nahIM lauTe / vizAlakoti ne unheM aneka patroM dvArA prabuddha kiyA kintu ve Tasa se masa nahIM hue| taba vizAlakoti jI svayaM dakSiNa kI ora ge| ve kolhApura gaye hoM, pora sambhavataH unhoMne madanakIrti ko sAkSAtpreraNA kI ho, aura usase samprabuddha hue hoM / somadeva muni kRta zabdArNavacandrikA kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki kolhApura prAntAntargata prajurikA nAma ke gAMva meM zaka saM01127 (vi0 saM0 1262) meM zrI neminAtha bhagavAna ke caraNa kamaloM ko prArAdhanA ke bala se aura vAdIbhavajAMkuza 1. sattUNa jo jasaharo jasahara carieNa jagavae pyo| kalimalapamaMjaNocciya parmajaNo Asi rAyarisI ||kuvlymaalaa 2. pramaMjanAdibhipUrva hariSeNasamanvitaH / yaduktaM tatkathaM zakyaM mayA bAleta bhASitum / / yazoSaracarita 3. svasti zrIkollApura dezAntarvArjurikAmahAsthAnayudhiSThirAvatAra mahAmaNDalezvara gaMDAdityadeva nirmApita tribhuvanatilaka jinAlaye zrImataramaparameSThi zrI neminAtha zrIpAdapapArApanabalena vAdImavajrAMkuza zrIvizAlakoti paMNDita deva vayAvRtyataH zrI macchilAhArakulakamalamAtaMgyateja; pujarAjAdhirAjaparamezvarasaramamaTTAraka pazcimacAvati yovIra. bhojadeva vijayarAjye sakavarSakasahana kazatasaptaviMzati 1127 tama koSana sambatsare svastisamastAnavadya vidyAravati zrI pUjyapAdAnuraktacetasA zrImatsomadevamunIzvareNa virariteyaM pAdAvandrikA nAma vRttiriti / -jaina grantha prazasti saM0 mA 1 pR. 166

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 vizAlakIti paNDitadeva ko vaiyAvatya se zabdArNavadrakA ko racanA ko thii| usa samaya vahAM zilAhArabaMzIya vIra bhojadeva kA rAjya thaa| rAjazekhara sUri ke 'caturvizati-prabandha' meM vaNita vijayapura nareza kutibhoja aura somadeva dvArA vaNita vIra bhojadeva donoM eka hI haiN| ata: vAdIndra vizAlakIrti kA samaya saM0 1260 se 1300 ke madhya taka jAnanA caahie| dAyarekha sezaka kolhApUra pAsa-pAsa jAnA nizcita hai muni pUrNabhadra yaha muni muNabhadra ke ziSya the / inhoMne apanI kRti 'sukamAlacariu ko antima prazasti meM apanI guru paramparA kA to ullekha kiyA hai kintu saMgharANa-gacchAdika kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| gujarAta deza ke suprasiddha nAgara maMDala ke nivAsI vIrasUri ke vinayazIla ziSya munibhadra the| unake ziSya kusumabhadra hue, aura kusumabhadra ke ziSya guNabhadra mUni the, mIra guNabhadra ke ziSya pUrNabhadra the| grandha meM kavi ne racanA kAla kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| aisI sthiti meM samaya kA nizcita karanA kaThina hai / Amera zAstra bhaMDAra kI yaha prati saM01632 kI pratilipi ko huI hai| isase mAtra itanA phalita hotA hai ki sukamAla carita kI racanA saM0 1632 se pUrva huI hai| 'NemiNAha cariu' ke kartA kavi dAmodara ne apane guru kA nAma mahAmuni kamalabhadra likhA hai| jo guNabhadra ke praziSya the| aura sUrasena muni ke ziSya the| yadi dAmodara kavi dvArA ullikhita guNabhadra aura muni pUrNabhadra ke guru gaNabhadra kI ekatA siddha ho jAya to ina pUrNabhadra kA samaya vikrama ko 13 vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla ho sakatA hai| kyoMki dAmodara ne neminAtha carita kI racanA kA samaya saM01287 diyA hai, dAmodara gujarAta se salapura mAye the| aura mUnipUrNabhadra bhI gajarAta deza ke nivAsI the| prastuta grantha kA nAma 'sukamAla cariu' hai / jisameM chaha saMdhiyAM haiM, jinameM avanti nagarI ke sukamAla zreSThI kA jIvana paricaya aMkita hai jisase mAlUma hotA hai ki unakA zarIra atyanta sukomala thaa| para ve upasarga aura parISahoM ke sahane meM utane hI kaThora the| unake upasarga kI pIr3A kA dhyAna Ate hI zarIra ke roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiN| parantu usa sAdhu kI nispTahatA aura sahiSNutA para prAzcarya hue binA nahIM rahatA, jaba gIdar3I aura usake baccoM dvArA unake zarIra ke khAe jAne para bhI unhoMne pIr3A kA anubhava nahIM kiyA, pratyuta sama pariNAmoM dvArA nazvara kAyA kA parityAga kiyaa| aise parISahajayI sAdhu ke caraNoM meM mastaka anAyAsa jhuka jAtA hai| guNavarma (dvitIya) kavi kA nivAsa kaiDi nAmaka sthAna meM thaa| isake guru vahI municandra jAna par3ate haiM jo kArtivArya nareza ke guru the| kAtivIrya 'ahitakSmabhRdvajra' senApati zAntivarma kavi kA poSaka thA / gaNAbjavana kalahasa, kavitilaka, maura kAvyasatkalANava mugalakSmI Adi vizada the| kavi kI do racanAeM upalabdha haiM, puSpadanta purANa aura candra nothASTaka puSpadanta purANa meM veM tIrthaMkara kA caritra citraNa kiyA gayA hai| usameM apane se pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA smaraNa karate hae kavi ne janna kavi (san 1230 I.) kA guNagAna kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki kavi janya ke bAda huA hai| aura san 1245 I0 ke mallikArjuna ne apane 'sUktisudhArNava' meM puSpadanta purANa ke padya uddhata kie haiN| isase yaha kavi mallikArjuna se pahale huA hai| ataeva isakA samaya san 1235 I0 jAna par3atA hai| kavi kI racanA sukara aura prasAda guNayukta hai| kamalabhava mUlasaMdha kundakundAnvaya dezIgaNa aura pustaka gaccha ke prAcArya mAvanandi kA ziSya thA / isake do viruda the, kavi kaMjagarbha,maura sUktisandarbha grbh| kavi kI eka mAtrakRti zAntIzvara purANa hai| isane apane se pUrvavartI kaviyoM meM

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, prAcArya aura kavi janna kavi kA smaraNa kiyA hai| aura mallikArjuna ne sUktisudhANaMba meM zAntIzvara carita ke padya uddhata kie haiM / isa kAraNa isakA samaya bhI san 1235 I. ke lagabhaga jAna par3atA hai| abhayacandra siddhAnta cakravartI mUlasaMgha, deziya vana, pustakamaccha dhumbakuvAvyaya kIgasekasIpa zAkhA ke zrIsamudAya meM mAghanandi bhAdaraka hue / unake do ziSya the, nemicandra bhadrAraka aura abhayacandra saiddhAntika / prastuta abhayacandra saiddhAntika bAlacandra paNDita deva ke zruta guru the' gommaTasAra jIvakANDa kI manda prabodhikA TIkA meM abhayandra ne bAlacandra paNDita deva kA ullekh| kiyA hai / abhayacandra sUri chanda, nyAya, nighaNTu, zabda, samaya, alakAra aura pramANa zAstra ke prakANDa vidvAna the| zrata muni ne abhayacandra saiddhAtika ko bhAvasaMgraha meM zabdAgama, paramAgama, mora tarkAgama, kA jJAtA, aura sava vAdiyoM ko jItane vAlA batalAyA hai / ina saba ullekhoM se abhayacandra ke vyaktitva kA prAbhAsa milatA hai| prastuta prabhayacandra aura bAlacandra vahI haiM jinakI prazaMsA vellara ke zilAlekhoM meM kI gaI hai / inakA svargavAsa zaka varSa 1201 saM0 1276 meM huyA hai| prataH abhayacandra IsA kI 13vIM sadI ke vidvAna haiM / gommaTa sAra kI kanar3I TIkA ke kartA ke zavavarNI inhIM abhayacandra sUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne apanI kanar3I TIkA bha0 dharmabhUSaNa kI AjJAnusAra zaka saM0 1281 (san 1356 I0) meM kI hai| racanAeM prastuta prabhayacandra darzana zAstra ke vidvAna the| inhoMne akalaMka deva ke 'laghIyastraya' kI syAdvAda bhaSaNa' nAmaka tAtparya vRtti ke prArambha meM jinendra ke vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM akalaMka aura anantavIrya kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| prastuta abhayacandra ne prAcArya prabhAcandra ke nyAya kumudacandra ko dekhakara ukta vRtti banAI thii| jaisA ki unake 'prakalaMka prabhA vyaktam' dAkya se jAna par3atA hai / yaha prabhAcandra ke bAda ke vidvAna haiN| inakI banAI haI gommaTasAra jIvakANDa kI mandaprabodhikA TIkA 383 gAthA taka hI upalabdha hai| isa TIkA meM gommaTasAra paMjikA TIkA kA ullekha nimna zabdoM meM hai : __ "yavA sammarchana garbhopapAvAnAzritya janma bhavatIti gommaTa paMjikA kaaraadiinaambhipraayH|" (go.jI. manda pra0TIkA gaa083)| isa paMjikA TIkA ko 1 prati upalabdha hai| isa paMjikA ke kartA girikIrti haiN| yaha paMjikA gommaTasAra kI racanA se sau varSa bAda banI hai| jaisA ki usakI nimna prazasti gAthA se spaSTa hai : solahasahiyasahasse gayasakakAlepavaDamANassa / bhAvasamassasamattA kattiyaNaMdIsare esA / / 1. jaina zilAlekha saM0 bhA0 3 lekha 524 pR0 371 2. gommaTasAra jIvakANTha TIkA kalakattA saMskaraNa pa0 150 3. chando-nyAya-nighaNTu-zabda-samayAlaGkAra paTkhaNDavAgabhUcakraM vivRtaM jinendra himvjaat-prmaanndvyo| gaGgA-sindhu-yugena-durmata-khagorvI bhRdbhidA yat svadhIcakAkAnta mato'bhayendu-yatipaH siddhAnta cakrAdhipaH / / jainalekha saM0 bhA0 3 le0 524 pR. 371 4. sadAgama-paramAgama-takkAgama niravasesa vedI / / vijida-sayalaNNavAdI jayau cira abhayamUrisiddhatI / / -mAvasaMgraha prazasti 5. epigrAphiyA karNaTikA jisda 5 saMkhyA 131-33 1.jaina sekha saM0 bhA0 3 lekha naM0 524 pR0371

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416 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 paMjikA kA racanA kAla zaka saM0 1016 (vi0 saM0 1151) kArtika zuklA hai| karma prakRti saMskRta gadya-yaha bhI inhIM ko kRti hai, jisameM saMkSepa meM karmasiddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / dravya karma ke prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza bhedoM kA ullekha karate hue mUla jJAnAvaraNAdi pATha aura uttara 148 prakRtiyoM ke svarUpa aura bhedoM kA varNana kiyA hai| prora anta meM pAMca labdhiyoM tathA caudaha guNasthAnoM kA kathana kiyA hai| anya inako kyA kRtiyAM haiM yaha anveSaNIya hai| yaha IsA ko 13 vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ke, aura vikrama ko 14 vIM zatAbdo ke vidvAna haiN| gommaTasAra kI kanar3I TokAkAra kezavavarNI inhIM abhayacandra ke ziSya the| kezavavarNo ne gommaTasAra kI jovatattva prabodhikA kanaDovRtti bhaTTAraka dharmabhUSaNa ke prAdezAnusAra zaka saM0 1281 (san 1356 I0) meM samApta ko tho| bhAnukIti siddhAntadeva yaha mUla saMgha kundakundAndaya kANaragaNa tintriNI gaccha ke vidvAn prAcArya padyanandI ke praziSya aura muni candradeva yamI ke ziSya the| jo nyAya vyAkaraNa aura kAvyAdi zAstroM meM pAraMgata the| mantra taMtra meM bahuta catura the| bandaNikA tIrtha ke adhipati the jaisA ki tevara teppa ke zilAlekha ke nimna padya se prakaTa hai : zrImanmalapadAdi-saMgha-tilake zrIkundakundAnvaye, kANUra-nAma-ANotsa-garasazabhage-bhatimizraNI kaahye| ziSyaH zrI municandra deva yaminaH siddhAnta-pAraGgayo , jIyA bandaNikA-purezvaratayA zrI bhAnukotimmuniH / / ina bhAnukIti siddhAnta deva ko bijjaladeva kI putrI aliyA ne zaka varSa 1081 ke pramAthi saMvatsara kI pUSa zuklA caturdazI zukravAra ko, san 1156 vi0 saM0 1213 meM) honneyAsa ke sAtha isa sundara mandira ko bhUmiyoM kA dAna diyA thaa| nAgara khaNDa ke sAmanta loka gAvuNDa ne sat 1171 I0 (vi0 saM0 1228) meM eka jaina mandira kA nirmANa karAyA, aura usakI aSTaprakArI pUjA ke liye ukta bhAnukIti siddhAnta deva ko bhUmi dAna kI thii| zaka 1066 (san 1977 I0 vi0 sa0 1234) meM saGka gAvuNDa deki seTTi ke sAtha milakara elambalila meM eka jinamandira banavAyA aura zAntinAtha vasadi kI marammata tathA muniyoM ke mAhAra dAna ke lie ukta bhAnukIti siddhAnta deva ko bhUmi dAna diyaa| municandra siddhAnta deva ke ziSya bhAnukItidvAnta deva ko rAjA ekkala ne kanakajinAlaya ke sAtha-sAtha cAlukya cakrI jagadeva rAjA ke rAjya meM rAjA ekatan 1136 (vi0 saM01166) meM bhUmidAna diyaa| ina saba ullekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki bhAnukIti siddhAntadeva usa samaya prasiddha vidvAna the / yaha IsA kI 12vIM mora vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| municandra municaMdra guNavarma dvitIya ke ziSya the| inhoMne papane puSpadanta purANa' meM ubhaya kavi kamalagarga kahakara smaraNa kiyA hai aura mahAbali kavi (1254) ne neminAtha purANa meM-'akhila tarka taMtra maMtra vyAkaraNa bharata kAvya nATaka pravINa' 1. jaina lekha saMgraha ja03 pR0 117 2. jaina lekha saM0 bhA03 pR. 152 3. vahI bhA0 3 0 170 4. jaina lekha saM0 a03 pR. 31-32

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5 : terahavIM aura cIdahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi 47 likhakara prazaMsA kI hai| inake ubhaya kavi vizeSaNa se mAlUma hotA hai ki ye saMskRta aura kanadI donoM bhASAoM ke kavi aura graMthakartA hoMge, parantu abhI taka inakA koI bhI graMtha upalabdha nahIM hai sodattike zilAlekhoM se jo zaka saMvat 1951 aura san 1226 ke likhe hue haiM aura jo rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI bAmbe brAMca ke jarnala meM mudrita ho cuke hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki se rarAja kArtavIrya ke rAjaguru the / aura gRhastha avasthA meM usake putra lakSmIdeva ko inhoMne zastra vidyA aura zAstra vidyA donoM kI zikSA dI thii| deva ke samaya meM ye usake saciva yA maMtrI bhI rahe haiM / yaha bar3e ho bIra aura parAkramI the| isalie inhoMne zatruoMoM ko dabAkara raTTarAja kI rakSA kI thI sugandhavartI 12 kA zAsana lakSmIdeva caturtha kI pradhInatA meM raTToM ke rAjaguru municaMdra deva ke dvArA hotA thaa| isa kAraNa unheM rarAja pratiSThAcArya kI upAdhi bhI prApta huI thii| inake samaya meM raTTurAja ke zAMtinAtha, nAga aura mallikArjuna bhI zrAmAtya rahe haiN| jo municaMdra ke sahAyaka yA parAmarzadAtAoM meM se the| isane spaSTa hai ki municaMdra kA samaya zaka saM0 1051 san 1226 (tri0 saM0 1286 ) hai (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 3 pR0 322 se 326 taka ) zrajitasena isa nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| una saba meM prastuta prajitasena senagaNa ke vidvAna AcArya aura tulu deza ke nivAsI the kyoMki Ara maMjarI kI puSpikA meM "zrI sevagaNayAgaNya tapo lakSmI virAjitAjitamena deva yatIzvara viracitaH zRMgAra maMjarI nAmAlakA royam / " - menagaNa kA gragraNI batalAyA hai| isase zrajitasena senagaNa ke vidvAna the yaha sunizcita hai / prAcArya ajitasena ko do racanAeM upalabdha haiN| zRMgAra maMjarI aura alaMkAra cintAmaNi / zrRMgAra maMjarI - yaha choTA-sA alaMkAra grantha hai| isameM tIna pariccheda haiM, jinameM sakSepa meM rasa-rIti aura alaMkAroM kA varNana hai| yaha gratha ajitasenAcArya ne zIlavibhUSaNA rAnA viTThala devI ke putra, 'rAya' nAma se khyAta somavaMzI jaina rAjA kAmirAya ke par3hane ke liye banAyA thA jaisA ki usakI prazastira ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai :rAzI viTThala devIti khyAtA zIlavibhUSaNA / tatputraH kAmirAyAkhyo 'rAya' ityeva vizrutaH // 46 tadbhUmipAlapAThArthamuditeyamalaMkiyA / saMkSepeNa budheSA yaddhAzrAsti (?) vizodhyatAm // 46 prastuta kAmirAya somavaMzI kadamboM kI eka zAkhA vaMgavaMza ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| paM0 ke bhujabalI zAstra ke anusAra dakSiNa kannaDa jile ke sudipradezAntargata vaMgavADi para isa vaMza kA zAsana rahA hai / ukta pradeza ke lAva ke vidvAn muniya the| jo sampUrNa zAstroM meM pAraMgata 1170 I0 kA hai / 1. eka ajitasena dramila saMgha meM nandi saMdha the| hallikA kA yaha lekha saMbhavataH (lu0 rAisa) ke anu dUsare ajitasena Aryasena ke ziSya the, bar3e vidvAn, saumyamUrti rAjyamAnya prabhAvazAlI vaktA aura baMkApura vidyApITha ke pradhAna AcArya the| gaMgavaMzI rAjA mArasiMha ke guru the| mArasiMha ne baMkApura meM samAdhi maraNa dvArA zarIra kA parityAga kiyA thaa| yaha cAmuNDarAya ke bhI guru the, jo mArasiMha ke mahAmAtya aura senApati the / gommaTasAra ke kartA nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ne unheM Rddhi prAptI gaNadhara ke samAna guNI aura bhuvana guru batalAyA hai| inakA samaya vikrama kI 10vIM zatAbdI kA hai| tIsare ajitasena ve haiM jinakA ullekha malliSeNa prazasti meM pAyA jAtA hai| ukta prazasti zaka saM0 1050 meM utkIrNa kI gaI hai| usameM atisena ko tArkika aura naiyA ika batalAyA hai| inakI upAdhi vAdobha siMha thii| cauthe pratisena ve haiM / jinakA san 1947 ke lekha meM ullekha hai jinakA ziSya bar3A sarzara parmAddhI thA / usakA jeSTha putra bhImappA mAryA labbA se do putra hue| maganIseTThI, mAroseTThI, mArIseTThI ne dIra samudra meM eka jina mandira banavAyA thaa| ajita sena nAma ke aura bhI vidvAna hue haiM, jinakA phira kabhI paricaya likhA jAyagA / 2. jaina graMtha prazasti saM0 vIra sevAmandira bhA0 1, san 1644 pR0 60

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 jaina rAjavaMzoM meM yaha vaMza mAnya rahA hai| isa vaMza ke prasiddha rAjA vIra narasiMha (san 1957-1208 I.) ke bAda candrazekhara vaMga sana (1208-1224 I0) jo vIra narasiMha kA putra thA / inake choTe bhAI pANDeya vaMga ne san (12241236 I0) taka rAjya kiyaa| isake pranaMtara pADaya baMga kI vahina rAnI biguladevI (1236.1244 I.) taka rAjya kA saMcAlana kiyA aura usake bAda usakA putra kAmirAya jo pANDava vaMga kA bhAgneya thA san 1244 meM siMhAsanArUDha hyA / aura usane 1264 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| inhIM kAmirAya kI preraNA se vijayavoM ne zrRMgArarNavacandrikA kA nirmANa kiyaa| alaMkAra cintAmaNi-yaha alaMkAra kA mahatvapUrNa grantha hai| jo prajitasenAcArya kI kAvya lakSaNaviSayaka dhAraNA kA samanvayAtmaka rUpa hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki -'kAvya zabdAlaMkAra tathA prarthAlaMkAra se mukta, navarasoM se samanvita, rItiyoM ke prayoga se manorama, vyaMgyAdi prathoM me sampanna, doSa virahita honA cAhiye / kavi ke anusAra kAvya patha meM do vAtoM kA honA prAvazyaka hai| ubhayalokopavArI praura puNyadharma ke prApta karane kA sAdhana / jaisA ki grantha ke nimna patra se spaSTa haiM : zabdArthAlaMkRtIddha navarasakalita rItibhAvAbhirAmaM / vyaMgArArtha vidoSa guNagaNaka lita netR savarNanADhayama / lokodvandvopakAri sphuTa miha tanutAt kAvyamagra yaM sukhArtho / nAnAzAstrapravINa: kaviratulamatiH puNyadharmokahetum / / 5-7 isa grantha meM pAMca pariccheda haiN| unameM prathama pariccheda kI zloka saMkhyA 106 hai, jinameM kavizikSA para mahatvapUrNa prakAza DAlA gayA hai| dUsare pariccheda meM bAbdAlaMkAroM ke niSa vakrokti, anuprAsa mora yamakAlaMkAra ye cAra bheda batalAye haiN| uname citralaMkAra kA vizeSa varNana kiyA gayA hai, usake 42 bheda batalAye haiM / isa pariccheda ke padyo kI saMkhyA 189 hai| tIsare pariccheda meM citrAlaMkAra ke atirikta zabdAlaMkAra ke anya bheda, vakrokti, anuprAsa aura yamaka ke udAharaNa ke sahita vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa pariccheda kI zloka saMkhyA 41 hai| cauthe pariccheda meM alakAroM ke 70bhedoM kA vistRta varNana 345 padyoM dvArA kiyA hai| sAtha meM bIcabIca meM gadyAMza bhI nihita hai| isa pariccheda ke prAraMbha meM alaMkAroM ko paribhASA, gaNa aura unake bhedA kA vistata kathana diyA hai| pani pariccheda meM naurasa, cAra rIti, do pAka, drAkSA aura zabda kA svarUpa aura bheda, lakSagAvRtti nayA nATakoM ke bheda-prabheda mAdi kAvya zAstra-sambandhi sabhI prAvazyaka viSayoM ko carcAyoM ko samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai| isakI padyasaMkhyA 406 hai| kavi ne alaMkAroM ke udAharaNoM meM samantabhadra, jinasena haricaMdra, vAgbhaTa, ahahAsa aura poyaSa vATi aneka prAcAryoM ke graMthoM ke padyoM ko uddhata kiyA hai| ina saba vidvAnoM meM vAgbhaTa 11vauM zatAbdI ke hai aura manisavata kAvya ke kartA prahAsa paM0 pAzAdhara jI ke sAmakAlIna haiM / muni suvratakAvya kI racanA sAgara dharmAmata saM0 1266 (sana 1288) ke bAda haI hai| unhoM ne unake prati bahuta hI prAdaravyakta kiyA hai| isa kAraNa prajitanAcA kA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA upAntya hai| yaha senasaMgha ke prAcArya munisena ke ziSya the| jo bar3e bhArI kavi aura naiyAyika the| nemikamArapatra kavi vAgbhaTa ne 'kAvyAnuzAsana' kI vRtti meM puSpadanta ke sAtha munisena kA ullekha kiyA hai aura unako patA kI ora bhI saMketa kiyA hai-"yatpuSpavanta munisena munIndramukhyaH pUrvaH kRtaM sukavibhistadahaM vidhisH| isase isa vaMza kA paricaya zrRMgArAvacandrikA ke loka 11 se 18taka ke padyoM meM diyA gayA hai| yaha prathAvv kulakaNI dvArA sampAdita ho kara bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai|

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16 terahavIM aura caudahavIM satAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi spaSTa hai ki munisena ne koI grantha banAyA thA, jo aba upalabdha nahIM hai| kavi zrIdharasena nAnAzAstroM ke pAragAmI vidvAna the, aura bar3e-bar3e rAjA loga una para zraddhA rakhate the| ve kAvyazAstra ke marmajJa vidvAna aura kayi ye 1 inakI ekamAtra kRti 'vizvalocana koza' hai, isakA dUsarA nAma muktAvali koza hai jaisA ki 'muktAvalI viracitA' grantha ke vAkya se spaSTa hai / isa koza meM 2453 zloka hai / svara varNa aura kakArAdi ke varNakrama se zabdoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| nAmArtha kozoM meM yaha sabase bar3A koza hai| isa koza kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki zrIdharasena ne eka zabda ke adhika se adhika artha batalAye haiN| udAharaNa ke lie 'rucaka' zabda ko liijiye| vizvalocana meM isake 12 artha batalAye haiM, amarakoza ke cAra aura medanI meM daza pathaM batalAye haiN| prazasti ke cauthe padya meM 'padavidAM ca pure nivAsI' vAkya se zrIdhara sena kA nivAsasthAna jJAta hotA hai, para usake sambandha meM isa samaya kucha kahanA zakya nahIM hai| kavi ne svayaM likhA hai ki maiMne isa koza kI racanA kavi nAgendra aura amarasiMha Adi kozoM sAsara bAra kI hai| koTA mahatva pUrNa hai| koza meM racanAkAla nahIM diyaa| kintu isakI racanA medanI aura hemacandra ke bAda huI hai prataH zrIgharasena kA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA upAntya jAna par3atA hai| vijayavargI vijayavarNI ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA / kevala guru kA aura jisakI preraNA se grantha banAyA usakA ullekha to kiyA hai kintu apane saMghagaNa-gacchAdi aura samaya kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA / yaha kAvyazAstra ke pracche vidvAna the| inhoMne baMga narendra kAmirAya kI preraNA se zRMgArArNavacandrikA' nAma kA grantha banAyA thA jaisA ki nimna puSpikA vAkya se prakaTa hai: itiparama jinendravinacandiravinirgatasyAhAvacandrikAcakoravijayakItimunIndra dharaNAbjacaJcarIkavijayaniviracite zrIvIranarasiMha kAmirAja bajanarendrakIzaravindasaM nibhakotiprakAzake bhRgArArNava candrikA nAmina alaGkArasaMgrahe varNagaNaphalanirNaya nAma prathamaH pricchedH|" somavaMzI kadamba rAjAoM ke dvArA saMrakSita bhUmikA zAsana karane vAlA nareza vIra narasiMha humA / isane san 1157 I0 meM baMgavADi meM apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI thii| isane prajA para dharma aura nyAyanIti se zAsana kiyA thaa| inakA putra candrazekhara rAjA hayA isane san 1200 se 1224 I. taka, aura inake choTe bhAI pANDaya vaMga zAsaka hue unhoMne san 1225 se 1236 taka rAjya kiyaa| san 1236 se 1244 taka pANDapabaMga kI vahina viThThala mahAdevI ne rAjya kA saMcAlana kiyaa| aura sana 1245 se 1264 taka mahArAnI viTThala devo ke putra kAmirAya ne - . .1. senAnvaye sakalasasvasapitazrIH zrImAnajAyata kavimunisena nAmA / AnvIkSakI sakalazAstrapayI ca vidyA yasyA sa vAda padavI na davIyasI syAt // 1 tasmAdabhUtakhilavAGmayapArahazvA vizvAsapAtramavanItalanAyakAnAm / zrI zrIdharaH sakalasaskavigumphitattva pIyUpapAnakRtanirjara bhAranIkaH // 2 tasyAtizAyini kaveH pathi jAgarUka dholocanaptya guruzAsanalocanasya / nAnA kavIndraracitAnabhidhAna kozAnAkRSyasocanamivAya madIyi koSaH / / 3 -vizvalocana koza pra. 2. nAgendra saMgrathita kozasamudramadhye nAnAkavIndamukhazukti samudbhaveyam / vivadagRhAdamaranirmita paTTasUtre muktAvalI viracitA hRdi saMnidhAtum // 6 -vizvalocana koza pra. 3. zrImadvijayakoyAkhya gururAjapadAmbujam / madIyacitrakAsAre stheyAt saMdhIjane / 4. itya napaprAthitena mayA'laMkArasaMgrahaH / kriyate sUriyA nAmnA zrRMgArANavacandrikA 1-22

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 3 zAsana kiyaa| prastuta kAmirAya pANDyabaMga kA bhAgineya (bhAnajA) thA / aura use rAjendra pUjita batalAyA hai| kavi ne kAmirAya ke vaMza kA vistRta paricaya diyA hai| ye sabhI rAjA jainadharma ke pAlaka the| isa graMtha kA nAma zugArArNava candrikA aura alaMkAra saMgraha hai / grantha meM daza pariccheda haiN| 1 vargagaNaphala nirNaya 2 kAvyagata zabdArtha nizcaya 3 rasa bhAva nizcaya 4 nAyaka bheda nizcaya 5 daza guNanizcaya rIti nizcaya 7vRtti nizcaya 8 zayyA pAka nizcaya alakAra nirNaya 10 doSa guNa nirNaya / isa grantha kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki alaMkAroM ke sabhI udAharaNa svayaM kavi dvArA nirmita haiN| isa grantha kA nirmANa kavi ne san 1250 ke lagabhaga kiyA hai / ataH kavi kA samaya terahavIM zatAbdI hai / grantha DA. kulakarNI dvArA sampAdita hokara bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita ho ho cukA hai| kavi bArabhaTa vAgbhaTa nAma ke aneka vidvAna hue haiN| unameM aSTAGga hRdaya nAmaka vaMdyaka grantha ke kartA vAgbhaTa siMhagupta ke putra aura sindhu deza ke nivAsI the / dUsare vAgbhaTa nemi nirmANakAvya ke kartA haiM, jo prAgvATa yA poravAr3a vaMza ke bhUSaNa tathA chADa ke putra the / tosare vAgbhaTa somazreSThI ke putra the, vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra ke kartA aura gujarAta ke solakI rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha ke mahAmAtya the| aura yaha vi0 saM0 1176 me maujUda the / vi0 saM0 1178 meM manicandra sUri kA samAdhimaraNa hA / vAgbhaTa ne dhavala aura UcA jainamandira banavAyA thA usake eka varSa bAda devasuri dvArA vardhamAna kI mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thii| yaha zvetAmbara sampradAya ke vidvAna the| cauthe vAgbhaTa ina sabase bhinna the, pora mahAkavi bAgbhaTa nAma se prasiddha the| inake pitAmaha kA nAma makkalapa' pitAmahI kA nAma mahAdevI thA aura pitA kA nAma nemikumAra thaa| makkalapa ke do putra the rAhaDa aura nemikumAra | unameM rAhDa jyeSTha aura nemikumAra laghuputra the jo bar3e vidvAna dharmAtmA aura yazasvI the| aura apane jyeSTha bhrAtA rAhaDa ke parama bhakta the| mevAr3a deza meM pratiSThita bhagavAna pAzvanAtha jinake yAtrA mahotsava se unakA adbhuta yaza akhila vizva meM vistRta ho gayA thaa| nemikumAra ne rAhata pura meM bhagavAna neminAtha kA aura naloTaka pura meM vAIsa devakulakAoM sahita bhagavAna AdinAtha kA vizAla mandira banavAyA thaa| rAhaDa ne usI nagara meM prAdi nAtha mandira kI dakSiNa dizA meM 22 jinamaMdira banavAe the| jisase usakA yazarUpI candramA jagata meM pUrNa ho gayA thA-vyApta ho gayA thaa| 1. tasya zrIpANDa yaGgasya bhAginemo guNariNavaH / viTTalAmbA mahAdevI putrI rAjendrapUjitaH // 1-16 2. dekho, zRMgArAva candrikA ke 11 se 18 taka ke padya / 3. yajjanmanaH sukRtinaH khalu sindhu deze yaH putravansamakarod bhuvi siMha guptam / te moktametadbhayajJa bhiSagvareNa sthAnaM samAptamiti--------- -parAja pustakAlaya kI aSTAMga hRdaya kI kannar3I prati 4. ahicchatra purotpanna-prArabATa kulazAlinaH / __ chAisya sutazyake prabandha vAgbhaTaH kaviH // 87 -neminirvANa kAvya 5. 'siri thAhatti tanao Asi vuho tassa somassa' ! vAgbhaTAlaMkAra zatakAdazake sASTa saptatI vikamArkataH / yatsarANA byatikAte thI municandra sUrayaH / ArAdhanAvidhi zreSThaM kRtvA prAyopavezanaM / sAmarIyUSa kallolaplutAste vidivaM yayuH / / natsare tatra kena pUrNa zrI devasUribhiH / zrI vIrasya pratiSThA sabAhaTakArayanmudA yugmam // -prabhAvakacarita 6. rAhapura mevAr3a deza meM kahIM thA jo nemikumAra ke jyeSTha bhrAtA rAhaDa dvArA basAyA gayA thA -kAzyAnuzAsana kI utthAnikA 7. nAbheya patya sadane diNi dakSiNayAM, dvAviMzati vivadhatA jinamandirANi / manye nijAgrajavaraprabhurAhasya, pUrNa kR. jagati mena yaza: zazAGkaH / / -kAvyAnuzAsana pR0 34

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hai aura gaira mAna aura ivi kavi vAgbhaTa vyAkaraNa, chanda, alaMkAra, kAvya, nATaka campU aura sAhitya ke marmajJa the| kAlidAsa, daNDI aura vAmana Adi vidvAnoM ke kAvya-granthoM se khUba paricita the aura apane samaya ke akhila prajJAlumoM meM cUDAmaNi the tathA nutana kAvyaracanA karane meM dakSa the| kavi ne apane pitA nemikumAra kI khUba prazaMsA kI hai, aura likhA hai ve konteya kula rUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle advitIya bhAskara the, sakala zAstroM meM pAraMgata tathA sampUrNa lipi bhASAmoM se paricita the, aura unakI koti samasta kavikUloM ke mAna sanmAna aura dAna se loka meM vyApta ho rahI thii| kavi vAgbhaTa bhakti ke advitIya premI the| svopajJa kAvyAnuzAsana vatti meM prAdinAtha, neminAtha aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| jisase yaha sambhava hai ki unhoMne kisI stuti grantha kI racanA kI ho; kyoMki rasoM meM rati (zRMgAra) kA varNana karate hue deva viSayaka rati ke udAharaNa meM nimna padya diyA hai "no maktya spayAmi vibhaH kArya na sAMsArika:, kitvA yojya karI panaridaM svAmI shmbhycNye| svapne jAgaraNe sthitI vicalane duHkhe sukhe mandire, kAntAre nizivAsare ca satataM bhaktirmamAstu tvyi|" isa padya meM batalAyA hai-.-"ki he nAtha ! maiM muktipurI kI kAmanA nahIM karatA aura na sAMsArika kAryoM ke liye vibhava (dhanAdi sampatti) kI hI prAkAMkSA karatA hUM; kintu he svAmin hAtha jor3akara merI yaha prArthanA hai ki svapna meM, jAgaraNa meM, sthiti meM, calane meM, duHkha sukha meM, mandira meM, vana meM, rAtri aura dina meM nirantara prApakI hI bhakti ho|' isI taraha kRSNa nIla varNoM kA varNana karate hue rAhaDa ke nagara aura vahAM ke pratiSThita nemi jinakA stavanasUcaka nimna padya diyA hai :-- sajalajaladhanIlAbhAsiyasminvanAlI marakata maNikRSNo yatrane mijinendrH| vikacakuvalayAli zyAmalaM yatsarombhaH pramatyati na kAMskAMstatparaM raahddsy| isa padya meM batalAyA hai ki jisameM vana paMktiyAM sajala megha ke samAna nIlavarNa mAlUma hotI haiM aura jisa nagara meM nIlamaNi sadRza kRSNavarNa zrI nemi jinendra pratiSThita haiM tathA jinameM tAlAba vikasita kamala samUha se pUrita hai vaha rAhaDa kA nagara kina-kina ko pramudita nahIM krtaa|' nemikumAra aura rAhaDa meM rAma lakSmaNa ke samAna bhArI prema thaa| yadyapi rAhaha ne vizeSa adhyayana nahIM ki thA, kyoMki usakA upayoga vyApAra kI ora vizeSa thaa| usane vyApAra meM vipula dravya aura pratiSThA prApta kI thii| isa kAraNa nemikumAra ko pradhyayana karane kA vizeSa avasara mila gayA, aura siddhAnta, chanda, alakAra, kAzya paura vyAkaraNAdi tathA bhASA aura lipi kA parijJAna kiyaa| adhyayana ke uparAnta nemikUmAra bhI apane bhAI ke sAtha vyApAra meM laga gaye, aura donoM se nyAya meM vipula dhana ajita kiyaa| rAhaDa prasiddha vyApArI thA usakA vyApAra dvIpAntaroM meM bhI hotA thaa| vyApAra meM jo dhana kamAyA usale unhoMne do nagara basAye, rAhar3apura aura naloTakapura rAhar3apura rAiDa ke nAma se basAyA gayA thA, usameM nemi jinakA vizAla mandira thA jisameM bhagavAna neminAtha kI marakata maNi ke samAna kRSNa varNa kI sundara mUrti virAjamAna thI / 1. navyAneka mahAprabandhAcA cAturyavisphajita-sphArodAramazaH pracArasatatacyAkIrNa vizvatrayaH / thI mannemikumAra-sUrirakhi prajJAsu cUDAmaNiH kAvyAnAmanuzAsanaM vamidaM cane kavigbhiTaH / / 2. 'dustarasamastazAstrArAvAragahanamadhyAvagAhanamadhamandarasya / ' kAvyAnuzAsana pR01 3. 'amandamandarAya nANyAnamAtratahata madhyamAnamahAbdhimadhya samullAsatyakSmI lakSitavakSaHsthalasya / vahI pRSTha 1 4. kaaritaamrpur| rimpati dhIrAhaDapura pratiSThApita suprasiddhahimigirizikharAnukAri ramaNIya zubhrAdhAMliha zinavarA gArotta na zRGgotsaGgasaGgatasauvarNavanAya sampAyamAnagokiGkiNaH bhAgAkAravivAsitaraviraSa turaGgamasya / vahI pR. 1

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422 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 naloTakapura meM pahale rAhaDa ne apanI ruci ke anusAra RSabhadeva kA vizAla mandira banavAyA thaa| bAda meM nemikumAra ne usI jinAlaya ke prAge dakSiNa bhAga meM 22 vediyAM banavAI thiiN|' usase rAhaDa kI prasiddhi adhika ho gaI thii| mevAr3a kI janatA nemikumAra se bahata prabhAvita thii| isa jinAlaya meM rAtri ke samaya strI puruSa ikaTThe hokara stutiyAM par3hate the, aura nAriyAM milakara sundara gIta gAtI thii| nagara bAga-bagIcoM aura tAlAboM se zobhAyamAna thaa| nemikumAra kI kIti bhI kama nahIM thii| racanAeM mahAkavi bAgbhaTTa kI isa samaya do kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM chandojnuzAsana aura kAvyAnuzAsana / inameM maTA chandonuzAsana kAvyanuzAsana se pUrva racA gayA hai, kyoMki kAvyAnazAsana kI svopajJavRtti meM svopajJa chando'nuzAsana kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki usameM chandoM kA kathana vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| ataeva yahAM para nahIM kahA jaataa| jaina sAhitya meM chandazAstra para 'chando'nuzAsana' svambhUchanda chandakoza aura prAkRta piMgala prAdi aneka chandagrantha likhe gaye haiN| usameM prastuta chando'nuzAsana sabase bhinna hai yaha saMskRta bhASA kA chanda grantha hai aura pATana ke zvetAmdarIrAlAdAra meM sahaena para likhA hA vidyamAna hai / usakI patrasaMkhyA 42 aura zloka saMkhyA 540 ke karIba hai aura svopajJavatti se alaMkRta hai| isa grantha kA prAdi maMgalapada nimna prakAra hai: vibhuM nAbheyamAnamya chandasAmanuzAsan / zrImannemikumArasyAtmajo'haM vacmi vaagbhttH|| yahI maMgala padya kAvyA'nuzAsana ko svopatti meM chandasAmanuzAsanaM, ke sthAna para 'kAthyAnuzAsanam diyA huyA hai| yaha chandagrantha pA~ca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai, saMjJAdhyAya 1 samavRttAkhya 2 ardhasamavRttAkhya 3 mAtrAsamaka 4 aura mAtrA chandaka 5 / grantha sAmane na hone se ina chandoM ke lakSaNAdi kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA jA sakatA aura na yahI batAyA jA sakatA hai ki granthakAra ne apanI dUsarI kina-kina racanAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa grantha meM rAhaDa aura nemikumAra kI kIti kA khalAgAna kiyA gayA hai aura rAhaDa ko puruSottama tathA 1.nijabhUjayumogAjita vitta jAta janita naloTakapUra pratiSThita tribhUvanA bhUta zrI nAbhisambhavamina sadana prAramAya nirmA ti dvAviMzati devagRhikA maNDalasya / (kAvyAnu0 pR. 1) 2. apaM ca sarva prapaMcaH thIvAgbhaTTAbhidha svorajJachando'nuzAsane prapaMcita iti nAtrocyate / 3. yaha chando'nuzAsana jamkIti ke dvArA racA gayA hai / ise unhoMne mAMDavya, vigaMla janAva' setava, gUjyapAda (devanandI) aura jayadeva Adi vidvAnoM ke chanda pranyoM ko dekhakara banAyA gayA hai| yaha jayakIrti amalakIti ke ziSya the / saMvat 1192 meM yogasAra kI eka prati amalakIti ne likhavAI thI, isase jayakIrti 12 vIM pAtAbdI ke uttarArdha aura 13vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| yaha grandha jaisalamera ke vetAmbarIya jJAnabhaMNDAra meM surakSita hai| (dekho gAyakavADa saMskRta sIrIja meM prakAzita jaisalamera bhANDAgArIya granyAnAM suucii|) 4. yaha apabhraMza aura prAkRta bhASA kA mahatvapurNa maulika chanda graMtha hai| isakA sampAdana eca. DI. velaMkara ne kiyA hai| (dekho,vambaI yUnivarsi- tarala san 1633 tathA rAyalaesiyATika sosAiTI janarala san 0 635), 5. ratna zekhara sUri dvArA .... prAkRta bhASA kA chandakoza hai / 6. piMgalA Arya ke prAkRta pigaMla ko chor3akara, prastuta piMgala grantha athavA chandovidyA kavirAjamala kI kRti hai| jise unhoMne zrImAlakulotpanna vaNika pati rAjAbhAramalla ke liye racA thaa| isa anya meM chandoM kA nirdeza karate hue rAjA bhAramala ke pratApa yaza aura vaMbhava Adi kA acchA paricaya diyA gayA hai| ina chanda granthoM ke atirikta chandazAstra, vRttaralAvara aura zrutabodha nAma ke chanda grantha aura haiM jo prakAzita ho cuke haiN| u. See Pillan ciltlagi.c of Manucrints P. 117.

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya, vidvAna aura kavi unakI vistRta caityapaddhati ko pramudita karane vAlI prakaTa kiyA hai yathA- puruSottama rAhaDaprabho kasya na hi pramadaM dadAti sadyaH / vitatA tava caMtya paddhativaticaladhvajamAladhAraNI // 423 afa ne apane pitA nemakumAra kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki ghUmane vAle bhramara se kampita kamala ke makaranda (parAga) samUha se pUrita, bhaDauMca zrathavA bhUmukaccha nagara meM nemikumAra kI agAdha bAvaDI zobhita hoto hai / yathA paribhamirabhamarakaM pirasarUmayaraM babhUMja paMjariyA / bAvI sahai pragAhA NemikumArassa bhagacche || isa taraha yaha chanda graMtha bar3A ho mahatvapUrNa jAna par3atA hai aura (prakAzita karane yogya hai / kAvyAnuzAsana yaha grantha mudrita ho cukA hai| isa laghukAya grantha meM 5 adhyAya haiM jina meM kramazaH 62,75,68,26, aura 58 kula 286 sUtra haiN| jinameM kAvya-sambandhI triSayoM kA rasa, alaGkAra, chanda aura guNa doSa vAkya doSa zrAdi kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isakI svopajJa alaMkAratilaka nAmaka vRtti' meM udAharaNa svarUpa vibhinna granthoM ke aneka padya uddhRta kiye gaye haiM jinameM kitane hI padya grantha kartA ke svanirmita bhI hoMge, parantu yaha batalA sakanA kaThina hai ki ve padya inake kisa grantha ke haiN| samuddhata padyoM meM kitane hI padya vaDaM sundara aura sarasa mAlUma hote haiN| pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke lie do tIna padya nIce diye jAte haiM :-- ko'yaM nAtha! jino bhavettavavazI huM huM pratApI priye, tahi vimuJca kAtaramate zauryAvalepaniyAM // moho'nena vinirjitaH prabhurasau tafkakarA: ke vayaM ityevaM rati kAmalpaviSayaH so'yaMjinaH pAtu vaH // eka samaya kAmadeva aura rati jaGgala meM vihAra kara rahe the ki acAnaka unako dRSTi dhyAnastha jinendra para par3I, unake rUpavAna prazAMta zarIra ko dekhakara kAmadeva aura rati kA jo manoraMjaka saMvAda huA hai usIkA citraNa isa padya meM kiyA gayA hai| jinendra ko meruvat nizcala dhyAnastha dekhakara rati kAmadeva se pUchatI hai ki he nAtha ! yaha kauna hai ? taba kAmadeva kahatA hai ki yaha jina haiM- rAga-dveSAdi karma zatruoM ko jItane vAle haiM- punaH rati pUchato hai ki yaha tumhAre vaza meM hue ? tatra kAmadeva uttara detA hai ki hai priye ! yaha mere vaza meM nahIM hue, kyoMki yaha pratApI haiM, taba vaha phira kahatI hai yadi yaha tumhAre vaza meM nahIM hue to tumheM 'triloka vijayI panakI zUravIratA kA abhimAna chor3a denA caahie| tava kAmadeva rati se punaH kahatA hai ki inhoMne moharAjA ko jIta liyA hai, jo hamArA prabhu hai, hamato usake kiGkara haiM / isa taraha rati aura kAmadeva ke saMvAda viSayabhUta yaha jina tumhArA kalyANa kreN| zaTha kamaTha vimuktAgrAva saMgharataghAta vyathitamapimanona dhyAnato yasya netu : cala calatulyaM vizvavizvekavoraH, sa dizatuzu bhamIzaH pAzrvanAtha jinovaH || padya meM batalAyA hai ki duSTa kamaTha ke dvArA mukta megha samUha se pIr3ita hote hue 'janakA mana dhyAna se jarA bhI vicalita nahIM huA ve meru ke samAna pracala ra vizva ke advitIyadhIra, Iza pArzvanAtha jina tumheM kalyANa pradAna kareM / isItaraha 'kAraNamAlA' ke udAharaNa svarUpa diyA huA nimna padya bhI bar3A hI rocaka pratIta hotA hai / jisameM jitendriyatA ko vinaya kA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai| aura vinaya se guNotkarSa, guNotkarSa se lokAnuraMjana zraura janAnurAga se sampadA kI abhivRddhi honA sUcita kiyA hai, vaha padya isa prakAra hai: 1. iti mahAkavi zrI vAgbhada viracitAyAmalaGkAratilakAbhidhAna svopajJa kAvyAnuzAsana vRttau prathamo'dhyayaH /

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424 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 jitendriyatvaM vinaya stha kAraNaM, guNa prakarSovinayAdayAptate guNaprakarSaNajano'nurajyate, janAnurAgaprabhavAhi sampadaH / / isa grantha kI svopajJavRtti meM kavi ne apanI eka kRti RSabhadevakAvya kA 'svopaja RSabhadeva mahAkAvye' vAkya ke sAtha ullekha kiyA hai aura use 'mahAkAvya' batalAyA hai, jisase vaha eka mahatvapUrNa kAvya granca jAna par3atA hai, itanA hI nahIM kiMtu usakA nimna padya bhI uddhRta kiyA hai: yatpatpadanta-manisena-manIvamukhyaH pUrvaH kataM sa kavibhistava vidhitsa : 1 hAsyAya kasyananu nAsti tathApisaMtaH, zRNvaMtukaMcana mamApi suyukti sUktam / ina ke sivAya, kavi ne bhaNya nATaka aura alaMkArAdi kAvya banAye the| parantu ve saba abhI taka anupalabdha haiM, mAlUma nahIM ki ve kisa zAstra bhaNDAra kI kAlakoTharI meM apane jIvana kI sisaniyA le rahe hoNge| kavi kA sampradAya digambara thA, kyoMki unhoMne dinama kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke prAcArya samantabhadra ke bRhatsva. yambha stotra ke dvitIya padya ko 'pAgama prAptavacanaM yathA' vAkya ke sAtha uddhata kiyA hai: prajApatiyaH prathamaMjijIviSa prAzAsakRSyAviSakarmasa prajAH prabaddhatattvaH punaraddha tokyo mamatvato niviyade vidAMkaraH // bIranandI 'candraprabha carita kA Adi maMgala padya bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| aura 10 161 meM sajjana durjana cintA meM vAgbhaTa ke 'nemi nirvANa kAvya ke prathama sarga kA 20 vA padya bhI diyA hai / : guNapratIliH sujanAM janasya, doveSyavajJA khala jlpitess| ato dhruvaM neha mama prabandhe, prabhUtadoSepyazo'vakAzaH / / samaya vicAra kavi ne grantha meM racanA samaya kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA / kitu vIranandI paura vAgbhaTa ke granthoM ke padya uddhata kiye haiN| isase kavi ina ke bAda humA hai| kAvyAnuzAsana ke pRSTha 16 meM ullikhita "udyAna jala keli madyapAna varNana neminirvANa rAjImatI parityAgAdo" isa vAkya ke sAtha neminirvANa aura rAjImatI parityAga nAmake do pranyoM kA samullekha kiyA hai| unameM se neminirvANa ke 8veMsarga meM jala krIr3A aura 10veM sarga meM madhapAna surata kA varNana diyA huA hai| hAM, 'rAjImatI parityAga' nAmakA anya koI dUsarA hI kAma anya hai jisameM ukta donoM viSayoM ko dekhane kI preraNA kI gaI hai| yaha kAdhya grantha sambhavataH paM0 prAzAdhara jI kA rAjamatI vipralambha yA parityAga jAna par3atA hai| kyoMki vipralambha bhaura parityAga zabda paryAyavAcI haiN| paNDita AzAdhara jI kA samaya vikrama ko 13voM zatAbdI hai| kavi ne kAvyAnuzAsana meM mahAkavi daNDI vAmana aura vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke kartA vAgbhaTa dvArA mAne gae, dahA kAvya gaNoM se kavi ne sirpha mAdhurya, poja pora prasAda ye tIna guNa hI mAne hai| aura zeSa gaNoM kA unhIM meM pratarbhAva kiyA hai| vAgbhadrAlaMkAra ke kartA kA samaya 12vIM zatAbdo hai| isa sarve vivecana se kavi vAgbhaTa kA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA upAntya aura 14vIM kA pUrvArdha ho sakatA hai| ravicandra (mArAdhanA samuccaya ke kartA) mUni ravicandra ne apanI guru paramparA saMgha-gaNa-gaccha aura samaya kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| inakI ekamAtra kRti 'pArAdhanA samuccaya, hai jo DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye. dvArA sampAdita hokara mANikacandra granthamAlA se prakAzita ho cukA hai| - - --- 1. iti daNDi vAmanavAgbhaTAdipraNItA dazakAvyaguNAH / varSa tu mAdhuryAjaprasAda lakSaNAsthIneva guNA manyAmahe, zeSAsteSvevAntabhavanti / tabadhA-mAdhurye. kAntiH saukumArya ca, oasizleSaH samAdhirudAratA ca / prasAde'yaM vyaktiH samatA cAntarbhavati / (kAvyAnuzAsana 2, 31)

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2 4 425 terahavIM aura codatAbdI ke AcArya vidvAna aura kavi prastuta grantha meM saMskRta ke 252 zloka haiN| jinameM grArAdhanA, ArAdhaka, grArAdhanopAya tathA ArAdhanA kA phala, ina cAroM kI ArAdhanA ke cAra caraNa batalAye haiM / guNa-guNI ke bhedase ArAdhanA ke do prakAra batalAye haiN| sAtha meM samyagdarzana samyagjJAna, samyak cAritra aura samyak tapa ye ArAdhanA ke cAra guNa khe| ina cAroM mArAdhanAoM ke svarUpa aura me prabhedoM kA sundara varNana diyA hai| cAritra sAdhanA kA svarUpa aura bheda-prabhedoM kA unakA kAla pora svAmI batalAye haiM samyaka tapa ArAdhanA ke svarUpa bheda prabheda varNana karane ke pazcAt dhyAna ke bheda aura svAmI Adi kA paricaya karAyA gayA hai| dvAdaza anuprekSAoM kA varNana saMsthAna vicayamadhyAna meM pariNata kara diyA hai| * isa grantha ke kartA vartamAna maisUra diyA huA nahIM hai / hai| prantha meM racanAkAla kavi grahaMdAsa yaha jaina brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma nAgakumAra thaa| yaha kannar3a bhASA ke prakANDa vidvAna the| kavi kA samaya san 1300 IsvI ke Asa-pAsa hai yaha gaMga mArasiMha ke camUpati kAmarasa kA vaMzaja hai| kAmarasa var3A vIra aura parAkramI thA / vArendura ke jItane vAle rAjA mArasiMha kA eka kilA thaa| isa kile ko kisI cakavata kI senAne ghera liyA thaa| mArasiMha kI mAmA se kAThamarasa ne bar3I bahAdurI ke sAtha cazvartI kI senA ko bhagA do, aura nA girAdI tathA bAraha sAmanta yoddhAoM ko parAsta kiyaa| isase rAjA bahuta prasanna huaa| ataeva usane kAmarasa ko 25 grAmoM kI eka jAgIra pAritoSika meM de dii| isI kADamarasa ko 15vIM pIr3hI meM nAgakumAra nAma kA vyakti huaa| kaviraha yA mahaMdAsa isI nAgakumAra kA putra thaa| isane kannaDa meM ghaTumata nAma ke mahatvapUrNa jyotiSa grantha kI racanA kI hai| yaha pUrA nahIM milatA zatakI 14vIM zatAbdI meM bhAskara nAma ke Andhra kavi ne isa grantha kA telagU bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA thaa| isa grantha ke upalabdha bhAga meM varSA ke cinha prAkasmikalakSaNa, zakuna vAyucaka gRhapraveza bhUkaMpa bhUjAta phala, utpAta lakSaNa indra dhanukSaNa prathama garbhalakSaNa, droNa saMkhza, vidyutalakSaNa, pratisUryalakSaNa saMvatsaraphala, pradveSa meghoM ke nAma kulavarNa, dhvanivicAra dezavRSTi, mAsaphala, nakSatraphala, mIra saMkrAntiphala cAdi viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| bAlacandra paNDitadeva bAlacandra nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| unameM se eka bAlacandra kA ullekha kambadahalloM meM kambarAya stambha meM milatA hai| inakA samaya zaka saM0 1040 vi0 saM0 2157) hai| inake guru kA nAma zAntArNava pAraga anantavoyaM aura ziSya kA nAma siddhAntAmbhonidhi prabhAcandra thA / ( jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 2 lekha naM0 260 pR0 366 ) dUsare haiM jinakA ullekha buvanahalli (maisUra) ke 10 vIM sadI ke kannar3a lekha meM bAlacandra siddhAn bhaTTAraka ke ziSya kamalabhadra gurudvArA eka mUrti kI sthApanA kI gaI thii| (jaina lekha saM0 bhAga 4 1070) / tIsare bAlacandra ve haiM jinako ka saM 166 meM uttarAyaNa saMkrAnti ke samaya vApanIya saMgha punnAga vRkSa mUlagaNa ke bAlacandra bhaTTAraka ko kucha dAna diyA gayA thaa| (jaMna lekha [saM0 bhA0 45081) / cauthe bAlacandra ve haiM jinako san 1112 meM mUlasaMgha dezIgaNa pustaka gaccha ke AcArya vardhamAna muni ke ziSya dUrI para avasthita sone (panasoge) hI vArAdhanA AdinAtha aura mezinAtha kI mUrtiyAM virAjamAna hai| 2. zrI ravindra panoge grAma vAgrimbhaH / racito'yamatizAstra prayoga vijJamanohArI / / 42 1. paM0 ke bhujavalI zAstrI ke anusAra maisUra jilAntarkhati kRSNarAjanagara tAluke meM sAle grAma se lagabhaga 5 mIla kI samuccaya kA racanAtmana hai| yahAM eka kUTa jinAlaya hai jisameM - anekAnta varSa 23 ki0 5-6 pR0 234

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 bAlacandra vratI ke ziSya ahaeNnandi bedRdeva ko pArzvanAtha vasadi ke liye bhUmidAna die jAne kA ullekha hai (jaina lekha saM0bhA0 4 pR0 134) pAMcaveM bAlacandra ve haiM jo mUlasaMdha dezIgaNa panasoge zAkhA ke nayakoti siddhAnta cakravarti ke ziSya adhyAtmI bAlacandra ke upadeza se cimmiseTi ke putra kesaraseTi ne belUra meM san 1180 meM mUrti ko pratiSThA kI thii| (jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 4 10270) / chaThe bAlacandra ke haiM, jo mAdhavacandra paividha ke ziSya the, aura kavi kandarpa kahalAte the| inhoMne zaka 1127, raktAkSI saMvatsara meM dvitIya pauSa zukla 2 ko belagA~va ke raTTajinAlaya ke lie vIcaNa dvArA zubhacandra ko die jAne vAle lekha ko likhA thA / ataeva inakA samaya zaka 1127 san 1204 (vi0 saM0 1261) hai| (jana lekha saM0 bhA0 4 pR0236)| inameM prastuta bAlacandra paNDitadeva mUlasaMgha deziyagaNa pustaka gaccha kundakundAnvaya iMgalezvara zAkhA ke zrI samudAya kara mAdhanandi bhaTTAraka ke praziSya aura nemicandrabhaTTAraka ke dIkSita ziSya the / aura abhayacandra saMddhAntika unakai zruta guru the / ye bala candra prati zrutamuni ke aNuvrata guru the zrutamuni ne bhI bAlacandra muni ko abhayacandra kA ziSya batalAyA hai "sikhaMtAhayacaMdassa ya sisso bAlacanda muNi pbro|" (bhAvasaMgraha) prabhayacandra ne svayaM gommaTasAra jIvakANDa kI manda prabodhikA TIkA meM bAlacandra paNDita deva kA ullekha kiyA hai| / inhoMne dravyasaMgraha kI TIkA zaka saM0 1165 (vi0 saM0 1330) meM banAI thii| bAlacandra ke san 1274 ke samAdhi lekha meM saMskRta ke do padyoM meM batalAyA hai ki be bAlacandra yogIzvara jayavaMta hoM, jo jaina AgamarUpI samudra ke baDhAne ke lie candra, kAmake abhimAna ke khaTaka, aura bhavyarUpa kamaloM ko praphallita karane ke lie divAkara haiM, guNoM ke sAgara, dayA ke samudra, tathA abhayacandra munipati ke ziSyottama haiM, apanI prAtmA meM rata haiN| jinhoMne isa jagata meM pUrvAcAryoM kI paramparA gata jinastotra sAgara prayAtma zAstra race, ve abhayendu yogI prakhyAta ziSya bAlacandra pratI se jaina dharma zobhAyamAna hai| yathA-- bhojanAgamavAdhivarddhana vidhuH kaMdarpadapiho, bhavyAmbhojaviSAkaro guNanidhiH kaarunnysaudhovdhiH| sazrImAn abhayendra sanmunipati prakhyAta ziSyottamo, jIvyAta........ nijAtmanirato bAlendra yogiishvrH|| pUrvAdhAryaparamparAgata jinastotrAgamAdhyAtmasa, cchAstrANi prathitAni yena sahasA bhuvnnilaamNddle| zrImanmAnyebhayenduyogivibudhaprakhyAtasatasUnunA, bAlenduvatiyena tenalasati zrojana/madhunA / / -(ma0 maMsUra ke prAcIna smAraka pR0 278) inabAlacandra paNDita deya kI gRhastha ziSyA mAliyabake thii| prastuta bAlacandra kA svargavAsa san 1274 meM humA hai| ataH yaha bAlacandra IsA kI 13 vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa aura vikrama kI 14 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| indranandI indranandI me apanI guru paramparA aura grantha racanAkAla Adi kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| inakI eka kRti --- - - - - - - ---- - 1. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa kalakattA saMskaraNa pR0 150 / 2. jana lekha saMbhA0 3 pR0 266 /

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terahavI aura caudahavI zatAbdI ke prAcArya vidvAna aura kavi -- 'chedapiNDa' hai| jo 333 gAthA ko saMkhyA ko lie hue haiN| prastuta grantha kA viSaya prAyazcitta hai| prAyazcita-vipayaka yaha grantha eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| prAyazcitta, cheda, malaharaNa, pApanAzana, zuddhi, puNya pavitra, pora pAvana ye saba usake paryAyavAcI nAmAntara haiN| isameM sandeha nahIM ki prAyazcitta se citta zuddhi hotI hai| aura cittazuddhi prAma vikAsa meM nimitta hai| cittazaddhi ke binA prAtmA meM nirmalatA nahIM paatii| ataH prAtma vikAsa ke icchuka mumukSa janoM ko prAyazcitta karanA upayogI hai, jJAnI ko prAtma nirIkSaNa karate hue apane doSoM yA aparAdhoM ke prati sAvadhAna honA par3atA hai| anyathA doSoM kA uccheda sambhava nahIM hai| kisa doSa kA kyA prAyazcita vihita hai yahI isa anya kA viSaya hai| jisakA kathana aneka paribhASAyoM aura vyAkhyAnoM dvArA diyA hai| indanando ne yaha grantha mani, AyikA, zrAvaka, zrAvikArUpa caturvidha saMgha aura brAhmaNa-kSatriya-vaizya-mIra zUdrarUpa cAroM varNa ke sabhI strI-puruSoM ko lakSya karake likhA gayA hai| sabhI se bana par3ane vAle doSoM kA aparAdhoM ke prakAroM kA AgamAdi vihita tapazcaraNAdirUpa zodhanoM kA-grantha meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| cheda zAstra ke sAtha isakI tulanA karane se aisA jAna par3atA hai ki eka dUsare ke sAmane ye grantha rahe hai| cheda zAstra ke kartA kA nAma ajJAta haiN| chedazAstra kI 2-3 gAthAe~ chedapiNDa meM prakSipta haiN| kyoMki vahAM unakA honA upayukta nahIM hai| chedapiNDa ko dUsarI pratiyoM meM ve nahIM pAI jaatiiN| prataeva ve vahAM prakSita haiN| kucha gAthAmA meM samAnatA bhI pAI jAtI hai| isa kAraNa merI rAya meM chedapiNDa ke kartA ke sAmane chedazAstra avazya rahA hai| chedapiNDa vyavasthita svataMtra kRti mAlama hotI hai| indranandI ne apane ko gaNI aura yogIndra vizeSaNoM ke sAtha ullekhita kiyA hai| indranandI nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiM : prathama indranandI ve hai, jo vAsavanandI ke garu the| dUsare indranandI ve haiM jo vAsavanandI ke praziSya aura balanandI ke ziSya the, aura jinhoMne zaka saM0 161 (vi0 saM0966) meM jvAlAmAlinI kalpa kI racanA kI hai| sambhavataH gommaTasAra ke kartA nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI ke bhI guru yahI jAna par3ate haiN| tIsare indranandI zrutAvatAra ke kartA haiM / inakA samaya nizcita nahIM hai| cauthe indranandI kA ullekha malliSeNa prazasti meM pAyA jAtA hai / jo zaka saM0 1050 (vi0 saM0 1185) meM utkorga kI gaI hai| pAMcaveM indranandI bhaTTAraka nItisAra ke kartA hai| yaha grantha 113 zlokAtmaka hai| isameM jina prAcAryoM ke grantha pramANa mAne jAte haiN| unameM zloka 70 meM somadevAdi ke sAtha prabhAcandra aura nemicandra (gommaTasAra ke kartA) kA bhI nAmollekha hai / isa kAraNa ye indranandI unake bAda ke vidvAna haiN| chaThe indranando ve haiN| jinhoMne zvetAmbarI vidvAna hemacandra ke yogazAstra kI TIkA zaka saM0 1180 (vi0 saM01315) meM banAI thI aura jo amarakIti ke ziSya the| yaha yogazAstra TIkA kAraMjA bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai| sAtaveM indranandI saMhitA grantha ke kartA haiN| ina sAta indranandI nAma ke vidvAnoM meM se yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai ki kauna se indranandI chedapiNDa grantha ke kartA haiN| paM. nAthUrAma jI premI ne saMhitA grantha ke kartA indranandI ko chedapiNDa kA kartA batalAyA hai| aura mukhtAra sA0 ne nItisAra ke kartA indranandI ko chedapiNDa kA kartA sUcita kiyA hai| bahuta saMbhava hai notisAra ke kartA ho chedapiNDa ke kartA nizcita ho jAya / nItisAra ke kartA kA samaya vizrama kI terahavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| inhoMne apane devajJa aura kunda " / chandazAstra 1. pAyazcittaM so hI malaharaNaM pAvAgasaNaM chaMdo / pajjAyA 2. dekho, purAtana vAkya-sUtrI ko prastAvanA pR0 106 3. durita-gRha-nigrahAiyaM yadi bho bhari-narendra-bandinam / nanu tena hi bhabyadehinoM bhajata tho punImindine / / -mallineNa prabhAsti

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 425 kunda prabhu ke caraNoM ko vinaya karanevAlA sUcita kiyA hai| isase yaha bhUlasaMgha ke vidvAna jJAta hote haiN| merI rAya meM yaha piNDa ke kartA ho sakate haiN| vimalakoti prastuta vimalakIrti vAgasaMgha ke rAmakIrti ke ziSya the / yaha rAmakIti vahI hai jo jayakIrti ke ziSya the| aura jinakI likhI huI prazasti cittaur3a meM saMvat 1207 meM utkIrNa kI huI upalabdha hai / vimalakIrti kI do racanAe~ haiN| 'sokhavai vihANa kahA' mora sugandhadasamo khaa| donoM kathAoM meM vrata kA mahattva aura usake vidhAna kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| jagatsundarI prayogamAlA ke kartA yaza kIrti bhI vimalakAMti ke ziSya the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI hai / meghacandra yaha mUla saMgha, dezIgaNa, kundakundAnyaya, pustaka gaccha aura iMgalezvara vali ke vidvAna the| inake guru kA nAma bhAnukIrti thA aura praguru kA bAhubali thA / yaha candranAtha pArzvanAtha vasadi kA purohita thA / anantapura jile ke tAr3apatrIya zilAlekha se prakaTa hai ki usa sthAna para eka jaina mandira aura jaina guruzroM kI prabhAvazAlI paramparA thI / unheM usa pradeza ke sAmAntoM se saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| yaha zilAlekha san 1998 I0 kA hai, jisameM udayAditya sAmanta ke dvArA meghaca ko bhUmidAna dene kA ullekha hai| ( Jainism in South India P. 22 ) isase prastutamendra vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM / inakI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai / kumudendu mUla saMgha- nandisaMgha balAtkAra gaNa ke vidvAna the| ina kumudendu yogI ke ziSya mAghanandi saiddhAntika the| para vAdigirivana aura sarasa kaditilaka inake upanAma the| inakI eka mAtra kRti 'kumuvendu-rAmAyaNa' nAma kA grantha hai| isa grantha kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha padmanandi vratI kA putra thA, aura isakI mAtA kA nAma kAmAbikA thA / padmananda vratI sAhitya kumudavana candracatura catuvidhi pANDitya kalA zatadala vikasana dinamaNivAdi gharAghara kuliza- kavi mukhamaNimukura, upAdhiyA~ thI / inake pitRvya (kAkA) zrI mahaMnandi prati batalAye gaye hai / unheM paramAgama nATaka tarka vyAkaraNa nighaNTu chandola kRti carita purANa SaDaGgastuti nauti smRtivedAnta bharata surata mantraSadha sahita nara turaMga gajamaNigaNa parIkSA pariNata vizeSaNoM ke sAtha ullekhita kiyA gayA hai| inakA samaya san 1260 ke lagabhaga hai / ( karnATaka jaina kavi) guNabhadra yaha mUlasaMgha dezIgaNa aura pustakagaccha kundakundAnvaya ke gagana divAkara the| inake ziSya nayakIrti siddhAnta deva the, aura praziSya bhAnu kIrti vratIndra ko, jinheM zaka saM0 1095 ke vijaya saMvata meM hoyyasala vaMza ke ballAla nareza ne pArzvanAtha aura caubIsa tIrthakaroM kI pUjana hetu 'mAsa halli' nAma kA gAMva dAna meM diyA thA / zrataeva inakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1230 hai / aura inake praguru guNabhadra kA samaya inase kama se kama 25 varSa pUrva mAnA jAya to unakA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa aura 13vIM kA prArambhika bhAga mAnA jA ( jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 110385 ) sakatA hai / prabhAcandra prastuta prabhAcandra zravaNabelagola ke zaka saMvat 1118 ke utkIrNa hue zilAlekha naM0 130 meM, aura zaka saM 1. zarmAkati guruviNa kareviSNu vimalakati mahiyali paDe die / -- sugandha dasamI kahA pra0

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/ terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi 426 1128 ke 128 meM zilAlekha meM nayakIrti siddhAntadeva ke ziSyoM meM prabhAcandra kA nAmollekha hai / isase ve nayakIrti ke ziSya the| nayakIrti kA svargavAsa zaka saMvat 1066 (san 1977 - vi0 saM0 1224 ) meM huA thaa| aisA zilA lekha naM0 42 se jJAta hotA hai| ataH yaha prabhAcandra vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna hai / kANDayya inake pitAmaha kA nAma bhI praNDayya thaa| jinake tIna putra the / zAnta, gummaTa aura vaijaNa jyeSTha putra zAnta kI patnI ballabbe ke garbha se prastuta RNDayya kA janma huA thaa| inakA nivAsa sthAna kannaDa thaa| isakA racA huprA 'kabbigara' nAma kA eka kAvya grantha hai, jo zuddha kannar3I bhASA kA grantha hai| isameM saMskRta kA mizraNa nahIM hai| isane janna kavi kI stuti kI hai / zrataeva isakA samaya 1240 I0 ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha IsA kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA kavi thA / zizu mAyaNa yaha hoyasala deza ke antargata nayanApura nAma kA eka grAma hai| usake samIpa kAverI nadI kI nahara bahatI hai aura vahA~ devarAja ke iSTAnusAra rAjarAja ne bhagavAna neminAtha kA vizAla mandira banavAyA hai| isa hI grAma meM afa ke pitAmaha mAyaNa seTTI rahate the / ve bar3e bhArI dhanika aura vyApArI the| unakI strI tAmarasi ke garbha se bomaseTTi nAma kA putra huaa| bommaseTTi kI strI nemAnikA ke garbha se kavi zizumAyaNa kA janma huA thA / kApUra gaNa ke bhAnumuni isake guru the| kavi ne do graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| tripura dahanasAMgatya, aura aMjanAcarita / inameM anAra kI racanA kavi ne belukare pura ke rAjA gummaTa deva kI ruci aura preraNA se kI thii| inakA samaya IsA kI 13vIM zatAbdI hai / pArzva paMDita yaha paMDita sauMdalike rarAja vaMzI kArtivIrya (1202-1220) kA sabhA kavi thA / isane apane eka padya meM kahA hai ki kArtavIrya kA putra lakSmaNovorya thA / yaha lakSmaNovIrya 1229 meM rAjya karatA thA / bAmbe kI rAyala eziyATika sosAiToM ke jarnala meM jo eka zilAlekha prakAzita huA hai, use pArzva kavi ne zaka samvat 1927 san 1205 meM likhA thA, usameM likhA hai ki- 'koNDI maNDala ke veNugrAma meM raTTavaMzIya rAjAkArtavIrya, jo mallikArjuna ke sahodara bhAI the rAjya karate the aura unhoMne apane maNDala ke AcArya zubhacandra bhaTTAraka ke liye ukta grAma kara rahita kara diyA thaa| yaha zilAlekha pArzvakavi kA hI likhA huA hai| isameM isalie bhI sandeha nahIM rahatA ki kavi, ne apane 'pApurANa' meM jisa kavikula tilaka viruda ko apane nAma ke sAtha jor3A hai, vahI ukta zilAlekha ke bhI antima padya meM likhA hai / isase isa kA samaya 1205 ke lagabhaga nizcita hotA hai| sukavijana manoharSaM zasyapravarSa, budhajana mana: padminI padmamitra, kavikula tilaka Adi isake prazaMsA sUcaka upanAma the| isakI ekamAtra kRti pA purANa grantha upalabdha hai, jo gadya-padya maya campU grantha hai| isameM solaha zrAzvAsa haiM / graMtha ke prArambha meM jinakI stuti karake kavi ne siddhAntasena se lekara vauranandI paryanta guruyoM kI, aura paMpa ponna, ramna, dhanaMjaya, bhUpAladeva, accaNNa aggala, nAgacandra, boppaNa Adi pUrva kaviyoM kI stuti kI hai / kavi ne svayaM apane isa grantha kI cAra padyoM meM prazaMsA kI haiN| akalaka bhaTTa ne apane zabdAnuzAsana ( 1604 ) meM isa graMtha ke bahuta se padya udAharaNa svarUpa uddhRta kiye haiN| kavi kA samaya san 1205 (vi0 saM0 1262) hai | kavi janna janna - kA janma kamme nAmaka vaMza meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma zaMkara aura mAtA kA nAma gaMgAdevI thA zaMkara hayazAlavaMzIya rAjA narasiMha ke yahA~ kaTakopAdhyAya (yuddha vidyA kA zikSaka yA senApati ) thA / gaMgAdevI

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 430 ka guru rAmacandradeva nAma ke muni the, jo mAdhavacandra ke ziSya the / rAmacandradeva jagadeka malla ke darabAra ke kaTakAMpA dhyAya meM yaha janma ke guru nAgabarsa ke bhI guru the / janna kati sUktimudhAya grantha ke kartA mallikArjuna kA mAlA aura maNidarpaNa ke kartA kezirAja kA mAmA thaa| yaha bolakula narasiMhadeva rAjA ke yahAM sabhI kavi senAnAyaka aura mantrI bhI rahA hai| yaha bar3A bhArI isane kiyA durga meM anantanAtha kA mandira aura dvAra samudra ke vijayI pArzvanAtha ke maMdira kA mahAdvAra banavAyA thA / isakI yazodharA caritra, anantanAtha purANa aura zivAba smaratantra nAma kI tIna racanAe~ milatI haiN| isakA samaya san 1206 I0 karnATaka kavi racila meM diyA huA hai| zrI koti yaha muni kundakundAcArya kI paramparA ke nandi saMgha ke vidvAna the| jo citrakUTa se neminAtha tIrthaMkara kI yAtrA ke liye giranAra jAte hue gujarAta kI rAjadhAnI aNahilapura maM shraave| vahAM unheM rAjA ne maNDalAcArya kA viruda (pada) pradAna kiyA aura unakA satkAra kiyaa| inakA samaya vikrama kI 13vI zatAbdI hai / (dekho verAvala kA zilAlekha' jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 4 pR0 220 ) mahAbala kavi mahAbala kavi bhAradvAja gotrIya brAhmaNa thA / isake pitA kA nAma rAyideva aura mAtA kA nAma rAjivakkA thaa| gurukA nAma mAdhavacandra thA jo vidya kI upAdhi se upalakSita the| kyoMki neminAtha purANa ke azvAsa ke anta meM 'mAdhavacandra vaididya cakravartI zrIpAdapadmaprasAdazAdita sakalakalAkalApa" ityAdi vAkya likha kara apanA nAma likhA hai / sahajakavimalageha (1) mANikyadIpa aura vizvavidyAviraMci, kavi ina tIna nAmoM se prasiddha thA / isakI ekamAtra kRti neminAtha purANa upalabdha hai| jisameM 22 grAzvAsa haiN| usameM pradhAnatA se harivaMza aura kuruvaMza kA varNana hai| yaha kanar3I bhASA kA campU grantha hai| isake prArambha meM neminAtha tIrthakara, siddha, sarasvatI Adi kI stuti karake bhUtabali se lekara puSpasena paryanta prAcAryoM kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt apane AzrayadAtA ke nAyaka aura apanA paricaya dekara kavine grantha prArambha kiyA hai| ketanAyaka paramavIra aura svayaM kavi thA / usI ke anurodha se isa grantha kI racanA huI hai| graMtha kI racanA sundara zrIra prauDha hai / kavi ne ise zaka saMvat 1176 (I0 san 1254 ) meM samApta kiyA hai / laghu samantabhadra laghu samantabhadra - inakI guru paramparA aura gaNa-gacchAdi kA koI paricaya nahIM miltaa| inhoMne prAcArya vidyAnandakI aSTasahastrI para 'viSama padatAtpayaMvRtti' nAmaka TippaNa likhA hai, jo bhraSTasahasroM ke viSama padoM kA artha vyakta karatA hai / inakA samaya vikramako 13vIM zatAbdI batalAyA jAtA hai| inake TippaNa kI prAcIna prati pATana ke jJAna bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai / antima - devaM svAmimamalaM vidyAnaMda praNamya nijabhaktyA / vivRNobhyaSTasahasro viSamapadaM ghusamantabhadro'ham // free kRta durdaSTi sahasra dRSTI kRta paradRSTi sahasro / spaSTI kurutAdiSTasahasrI maramAviSTapamaSTa sahasro ? saM0 1571 varSa pUrNa grantha mukhtArasA0 kaM noTa se kulacandra upAdhyAya - saM0 1227 vaizAkha vadi 7 zukravAra ke dina varddhamAnapura ke zAMtinAtha caitya meM sA bhalana sA0 gozala ThA0 brahmadeva ThA0 kaNadevAdi ne kuTumba sahita ambikAdevI kI mUrti banavAI aura usakI pratiSThA kulacandra upAdhyAya ne kii| isase kulacandra kA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI hai /

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi sakalacanda bhaTTAraka malamaMgha kANa ragaNa titriNI garaTa ke vidvAna the| mahAdeva daNDanAyaka ke guru the / muninandra ke ki kalabhaSaNaprati vica vidyAbhara ke ziSya the| zaka varSa 1116 (vi.saM 1214 meM mahAdeva daNDa jinAlaya banavA kara usasAntinAtha bhagavAna kI pratiSThAkara sakalacandra bhaTTAraka ke pAda prakSAlana pUrvaka hitagaNa tAlAba ke nIce daNDa se nApakara 3 mattala cAvala kI bhumi, do kola aura eka dukAna kA dAna kiyaa| ata: inakA samaya vi0 kI 13vIM zatAbdI hai| ___-janalakha saM. bhA0 : T0249 kalakoti yaha mAghara gaMgha ke prAcArya the| naMbana 173 phAlgaNa mudI 10 mI ko inake bhakta zreSThI manoratha ke putra kulacandra ne mati kI pratiSThA kii| (saMvat 1932 phAlguna mudi 10 mAthura saMghe paDitAcArya zrI sakalakIrti bhakta zrepTa manoratha suta kulananda lakSmI pati zreyamekAgneiyaM / / isI saMvat meM eka darI mAna ko bhI pratiSThA unake bhakta sAha henyAka ke prathama putra vohaNa na kalyANArtha kI thii| (saM0 1232 phAlguna sudi 10 mAyanya paMminAcArya zrI sakalakoti bhaktina sAha hetyAkana prathama patra vIlhaNa satena zreyane karaNaye / (kAriyoM -- dekha, mArATa kA itihAsa malviguMda mAdirAja isakA janma sAkalya kula meM huyA thaa| isakA pitA kA nAma nAma aura mAtA kA nAma mahAdevI thaa| narivagaMda grAma meM isakA janma huA thaa| guNa varma kA puSpadana purANa I. san 19.6 ke lagabhaga banA hai| usakI eka prati ke anta meM do padya die hai| padyoM ko racanA dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha eka acchA kavi thaa| puSpadanta purANa kI pratilipi karane ke kAraNa yaha usase kucha samaya bAda san 1300 ke lagabhaga huyA hogaa| isakI anya kAI racanA prApta nahIM huii| zubhacanda yogI inake saMgha gaNa gacchAdi kA koI paricaya' upalabdha nahIM hai / saMbhavataH yaha mUlasaMgha ke vidvAna the, tapazcaraNa dvArA Atma-zodhana meM tatpara the| gArimallANa- rAgAdiyA ko-jItane ke liye malla the kapAya aura indriya jaya dvArA yoga kI sAdhanA meM unhoMne cAra cAMda lagA diyaM ye 1 uma samaya ve atyanta prasiddha the| jAhiNI mAthikA ne. tapasyA dvArA zarIra kI kSINatA ke sAtha kapAyoM ko kRzakiyA thaa| usane apane jJAnAbaraNo karmake yArtha bhanandra ke jJAnArNava kI prati likhavA kara saMvat 1284 meM una prasiddha zubhacandra yogA ko pradAna kI thii| isase ina zubhacandra kA samaya vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI hai / -dekho jJAnArNava kI pATana prani kI lipi prazasti / ___malliSeNa paMDita-- yaha bila saMgha sthina nandisaMgha arunAlAndaya ke vidvAna zrIpAla vidya deva ke praziSya aura vAsupUjya deva ke ziSya mahala parita ko yaka varSa 1080 (vi0 saM0 1235) meM pArisaNNa kI mRtyu ke bAda usake pUSa zAntiyaNa daNDanAyaka na eka basadi banavAI aura usake liye bhUmidAna aura dIpaka ke liye tela kI cakkI dAna meM do| tathA malla goNDa aura mamasta prajA ne gAMva ke ghATa kI mAmadanI, tayA dhAna se cAvala nikAlate samaya anAja kA hissA bhI una mallipaMNa paNDina ko diyaa| malliSaNa paMDita kA samaya vikrama ko 13vIM zatAbdI hai|

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432 jaina dharma kA prAcIna iniAhasa-bhAga 2 bAlacanda maladhAri mala saMgha, dezIya gaNa koNDa kandAnvaya pustakagaccha iMgalezvara balika tribhUvana kIti rAvala ke pradhAna ziSya the| inake priya gRhasthaziSya saMgAyake putra vommiseTTi tathA melabbe se utpanna malli seTTi ne telaMgere basadi ke prasanna pAzvadeva ke liye tammaDiyahalli meM supArI ke 2000 per3oM ke do hisse baMzAnu vaMzataka jAne ke liye alaga nikAla gi| aura DopAkamogAne mAna deza pille ko arpita kara diye / cellapillenejo sabanagiri maura bAlendu-mala dhAri deva kA ziSya thaa| amarApura ke isa lekhakA samaya zaka 1200 (san 1278 I. hai| ataeva vAlacandra maladhAri kA samaya IsA kI 13vIM zatAbdI hai| vAdirAja (dvitIya) yaha vAdirAja kI ziSya paramparA ke vidvAna the| 465 naM ke zilAlekha meM, jo savasaM. 1122 (vi. saM0 1257 ke lagabhaga kA utkIrNa kiyA huA hai, likhA hai ki SaT darzana ke protA thIpAla debake svargavAsa ho jAne para unake ziSya vAdirAja (dvitIya) ne 'paravAdimalla-jinAlaya' nAma kA mandira banavAyA thaa| aura usakI pUjana tathA muniyoM ke prAhAra dAna ke likucha bhUmi kA dAna diyaa| prastuta vAdirAja gama nareza rAcamalla catuthaM yA satya bAkya ke guru the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI hai| (jainalekha sa. bhA01 pR. 408) trivikramadeva (prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana ke kartA) yaha grahanandi vidya muni ke ziSya the| trivikrama kA kula vANasa thaa| AdityavarmAke pautra aura mallinAtha ke putra the| inake bhAI kA nAma bhAma (deva) thA jo vRtta aura vidyA kA dhAma (sthAna) thA / yaha dakSiNa deza ke nivAsI the| inakI eka mAtra kRti 'prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana' hai / jo tIna adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai maura svopana vRtti se yukta hai| pratyeka adhyAya ke cAra-cAra pAda haiN| isameM hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM diye hue apabhraMza padyoM ko uddhata kiyA hai, aura unake padyoM ko uddhRta kara unakA khaNDana bhI kiyA hai / isase yaha nizcita hai ki prastuta vyAkaraNa kA racanA kAla hemacandra ke bAda, vikrama kI 13vIM zadI hai, DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye ne inakA samaya 1236 I. batalAyA hai| vyAkaraNa bahuta acchA hai, isakA adhyayana karane se prAkRta bhASA kA acchA parijJAna ho jAtA hai / DAka pI0 ela0 vaidya ne isakA sampAdana kiyA hai, aura yaha graMtha jIvarAja graMthamAlA zolApura se san 1954 meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| mAraka pramAcanda yaha mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka ratna kIti ke paTTadhara the| ratnakIti aura prabhAcandra nAma ke aneka vidvAna prAcArya aura bhaTTAraka ho gae haiN| unameM yaha bhaTTaraka prabhAcandra una ratnakoti ke paddhara the jo bha0 dharmacandra ke prapaTTa para ajamera meM pratiSThita hue the, jina kA samaya paTTAvalI meM saM0 1296 se 1310 batalAyA gayA hai| paTTe zrI ratnakIrtaranupamatapasaH pUjyapAdIyazAstravyAkhyA vikhyAtakIti guNagaNanidhipaH satkriyAcArubaMdhuH / 1. zrutamatuM rahanandi vidyamuneH padAmbuja pramaraH / zrIdhAraNasakula kamalA marorAdityavarmaNaH pautraH / / zrImallinAtha putro lakSmIgarbhAmRtAmbudhisudhAMzuH / bhAmasya itta vidyAdhAmno bhrAtA trivikramaH sukaviH / / 3

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, vidvAna aura kavi zrImAnAnandaSAmA pratibudhanutamAmAmasaMdAvivAvo / jIyAdA candratAraM marapatividitaH zrIprabhAva devaH // paTTI ke isa patha se prakaTa hai ki bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ratnakIrti bhaTTAraka ke paTTa para pratiSThita the / hue ranakIrti bajamera paTTa ke bhaTTAraka the| dUsarI padAvalI meM dillI paTTa para bha0 prabhAcandra ke pratiSThita hone kA samaya saM0 1310 batalAyA hai| aura paTTakAla saM0 1310 se 1385 taka diyA hai, jo 75 varSa ke lagabhaga baiThatA hai| dUsarI paTTAvalI meM saM0 1310 pauSa sudI 15 prabhAcandra jI gRhastha varSa 12 dIkSA varSa 12 paTTa varSa 74 mAsa 11 divasa 15 antara divasa 8 sarva varSa 68 mAsa 11 divasa 23 / (bhaTTAraka sampradAya pR0 61 ) / 433 bhaTTAraka prabhAvandra jaba bha0 ratnakIrti ke paTTa para pratiSThita hue usa samaya dillI meM kisakA rAjya thA, isakA ukta paTTAliyoM meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / kintu bha0 prabhAcandra ke ziSya dhanapAla ke tathA dUsare ziSya brahma nAthUrAma ke saM0 1454 ra 1416 ke ussoM meM hotA hai ne muhammada bina tugalaka ke mana ko manuraMjita kiyA thA aura vAdI janoM ko bAda meM parAsta kiyA thA jaisA ki unake nimna vAkyoM se prakaTa hai :tahi bhavya hi sumahocchava vihiyau siriraya kili paTTeNihiyau / mahamaMda sAhima raMjiyaja vijjahivAhayamanubhaMjiyaja // - bAhubali carita prazasti usa samaya dillI ke bhavyoM ne eka utsava kiyA thA aura bha0 ratnakIrti ke paTTa para prabhAcandra ko pratiSThita kiyA thaa| muhammada bina tugalaka ne san 1325 (vi0 saM0 1302 ) se san 1351 (vi0 saM0 1408) taka rAjya kiyA hai / yaha bAdazAha bahubhASA-vijJa, nyAyI, vidvAnoM kA samAdara karane vAlA aura atyanta kaThora zAsaka thA / zrataH prabhAcandra isake rAjya meM saM0 1385 ke lagabhaga paTTa para pratiSThita hue hoM / isa kathana se paTTAvaliyoM kA yaha samaya kucha anumAnika sA jAna par3atA hai| vaha itihAsa kI kasauTI para ThIka nahIM baitthtaa| anya kisI pramANa se bhI usakI puSTi nahIM hotI / prabhAcandra prapane aneka ziSyoM ke sAtha paTTaNa, khaMbhAta, dhArAnagara aura devagiri hote hue joiNipura (dillI ) padhAre the| jaisA ki unake ziSya dhanapAla ke nimna ullekha se spaSTa hai : paTTaNe saMbhAyacce dhAraNayari devagiri / micchAma vihaNaMtu gaNipattau joyaNapuri // ArAdhanA paMjikA ke saM0 1416 ke ullekha se spaSTa hai ki ve bha0 - bAhubali cariu pra0 ratnakIti ke paTTa ko sajIva banA rahe the| itanA hI nahIM, kintu jahAM ve acche vidvAna, TIkAkAra, vyAkhyAtA aura maMtra-taMtra-yAdI the, vahAM ve prabhAvaka vyaktitva ke dhAraka bhI the| unake aneka ziSya the| unhoMne phaurojazAha tugalaka ke anurodha para raktAmbara vastra dhAraNa kara mantaHpura meM darzana diye the| usa samaya dillI ke logoM ne yaha pratijJA kI thI ki hama bhrApako savastra jatI maaneNge| isa ghaTanA kA ullekha bakhatAvara zAha ne apane buddhivilAsa ke nimna padya meM kiyA hai : dillI ke pAtisAhi bhaye pairojasAhi jaba, cAMdI sAha pradhAna bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra taba, Aye dillI mAMjhi vAda jIte vidyAbara, sAhi rIbhi ke nahI kareM darasana aMtahapura, 1. jaina si0 mA, mA0 1 kiraNa 4 / 2. saM0 1416 caitra sudi paMcamyAM somavAsare sakalarAjaziromukuTamaNiSayamarIci piMjarIkRta maraNakamalapAdapIThasya zrIperojasAheH sakala sAmrAjyadhurIvizrANasya samaye zrI dilyA zrIkuMdakundAcAryAnvaye sarasvatI gacche bala hAraga ma0 zrIratnakIrtidevapaTTodayAdri taruNataraNitvamurvIkurmAraNaM bhaTTAraka zrI prabhASandradeva tariSyANAM brahma nAthUrAma ityArAdhanA paMjikAyAM grantha bArama paThanArthaM likhApitam / jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR0 81 dUsarI prazasti saM0 1416 bhAdavA sudI 13 guruvAra ke dina kI likhI huI dravyasaMgraha kI hai jo jayapura ke Tholiyo ke mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| graMtha sUcI bhA0 2 0 150 /

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434 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAga 2 tiha sama laMgoTa livAya pani cAMda vinatI uccrii| mAni haiM jatI juta vastra hama saba dhAvaka saugaMda karI // 616 yaha ghaTanA phIrojazAha ke rAjyakAla kI hai, phIrojazAha kA rAjya saM0 1408 se 1445 taka rahA hai| isa ghaTanA ko vidvajjana bodhaka meM saM0 1305 kI batalAI hai jo eka sthUla bhula kA pariNAma jAna par3atA hai kyoMki usa samaya to phIrojazAha tugalaka kA rAjya hI nahIM thA phira usako saMgati kaise baiTha sakatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki bha0 prabhAcandra ne vastra dhAraNa karake bAda meM prAyazcita lekara unakA parityAga kara diyA thA, kintu phira bhI vastra dhAraNa karane kI paramparA cAla ho gii| isI taraha aneka ghaTanA kramoM meM samayAdi ko gar3abar3I tathA unheM bar3hA-car3hA kara likhane kA rivAja bhI ho gayA thaa| dillI meM alAuddIna khilajI ke samaya rAgho cetana ke samaya ghaTane vAlI ghaTanA ko aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra kiye binA hI use phIrojazAha tugalaka ke samaya kI ghaTita batalA diyA gayA hai / (dekho buddhivilAsa pR076 aura mahAvIra jayantI smArikA apraila 1962 kA graMka pa0 128) / rAghava cetana aitihAsika vyakti haiM aura alAuddIna khilajI ke samaya hue haiN| yaha vyAsa jAti ke vidvAna maMtra, taMtravAdI aura nAstika the| dharma para inayo koI prAsthA nahIM thI, inakA vivAda muni mAhavasena se huA thA, usameM yaha parAjita hue the| aisI hI ghaTanA jinaprabhasUri nAmaka zve0 vidvAna ke sambandha meM kahI jAtI hai-eka bAra samrATa muhammadazAha tugalaka kI sevA meM kAzI se caturdazavidyA nipuNa maMtra taMtrajJa rAdhavacetana nAmaka vidvAna paayaa| usane apanI cAturI se samrATa ko raMjita kara liyaa| samrATa para jainAcArya zrI jinaprabhasUri kA prabhAva use bahuta prakharatA thaa| mata: unheM doSI ThaharA kara unakA prabhAva kama karane ke lie samrATa ko mudrikA kA apaharaNa kara sUrijI ke rajoharaNa meM pracchanna rUpa se DAla dii| (dekho jinaprabhasUri carita pa012) / jaba ki vaha ghaTanA alAuddIna khilajI ke samaya kI honI caahie| isI taraha kucha milatI-julatI ghaTanA bha0 prabhAcandra ke sAtha bhI jor3a dI gaI hai| vidvAnoM ko ina ghaTanAcakroM para khUba sAvadhAnI se vicAra kara antima nirNaya karanA caahie| TokA-grantha paTAvalI ke ukta padya para se jisameM yaha likhA gayA hai ki pUjyapAda ke zAstroM ko vyAkhyA se unheM loka meM acchA yaza aura khyAti milI thii| kintu pUjyapAda ke samAdhi taMtra para to paM0 prabhAcandra kI dIkA upalabdha hai| dIkA kevala zabdArtha mAtra ko vyakta karatI hai usameM koI aisI khAsa vivecanA nahIM milanI jisame unakI pramiddhi ko bala mila sake / ho sakatA hai ki vaha TIkA inhIM prabhAcandra kI ho, prAtmAnuzAsana kI TIkA bhI inhIM prabhAcandra kI kRti jAna par3atI hai, usameM bhI koI vizeSa vyAkhyA upalabdha nahIM hotii| rahI ratnakANDa zrAvakAcAra kI TIkA kI bAta, so usa TIkA kA ullekha 50 prAzAdharajI ne anagAra dharmAmata kI TIkA meM kiyA hai| "yathAhastatra:-bhagavantaH zrImatprabhendupAdAratnakaraNTIkAyAM caturAvarta tritaya ityAdi sUtra dviniSadyAityasyavyAkhyAnedevavandanAM kurvatAhi prArambhe samAptaucopavizya praNAmaH kartavya iti|" ima TIkAnoM para vicAra karane se yaha bAta to sahaja hI jJAta hotI hai ki ina TIkAtroM kA prAdi-anta maMgala aura TIkA kI prAraMbhikasaraNI meM bahuta kucha samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isase ina TIkAmoM kA kartA koI eka hI prabhAcandra honA cAhiye / ho sakatA hai ki TIkAkAra kI pahalo kRti ratnakaraNDakaTIkA ho ho| aura meSa, TIkAeM bAda meM banI hoN| para ina TIkAtroM kA kartA prabhAcandra 50 prabhAcandra ho hai, prameyakamalamAtaNDa ke kartA prabhAcandra inake kartA nahIM ho skte| kyoMki ina TIkAmoM meM viSaya kA cadhana aura bhASA kA vaisA sAmajasya athavA usakI vaha praur3hatA nahIM dikhAI detI, jo prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura nyAyakumudacandra meM dikhAI detI hai| yaha prAyaH suni

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna AcArya aura kavi zcita-sA hai ki ve ghArAvAsI prabhAcandrAcArya jo mANikyanandi ke ziSya the ukta TIkAmA kA nahIM ho skte| samaya-vicAra prabhAcandra kA paTTAvaliyoM meM jo samaya diyA gayA hai, vaha avazya vinAraNoya hai / umameM ratnakoni ke paTTa para baiThane kA samaya saM0 1310 to cintanIya hai hii| saM0 1481 ke devagar3havAle zubhacandravAle zilAlekha nabho ratna. kIrti ke paTTa para baiThane kA ullekha hai, para usake sahI samaya kA ullekha nahIM hai / prabhAcandra ke gura ratnakItti kA paTTakAla paTTAvalI meM 1266-1310 batalAyA hai| yaha bhI ThIka nahIM jaMcatA, saMbhava hai va 14 varSa paTaTakAla meM rahe hoN| kintu be ajamera paTTa para sthita hue aura vahIM unakA svargavAsa hmaa| aisI sthiti meM samaya sImA ko kucha bar3hA kara vicAra karanA cAhie, yadi vaha pramANoM Adi ke AdhAra se mAnya kiyA jAya to usameM 10-21 varSa kI vRddhi avazya honI cAhiye, jisase samaya kI saMgati ThIka baiTha sake / Age pIche kA sabhI samaya yadi pUrakala pramA. NoMkI rozanI meM cacita hogA, to vaha prAyaH prAmANika hogaa| AzA hai vidvAn loga bhaTTArakIya paTTAvaliyoM meM diye hue samaya para vicAra kareMge / bhaTTAraka indranandI (yogazAstra ke TIkAkAra) yaha kASThAsaMghAntargata mAtharasaMgha ke vidvAna amarakIti ke ziSya the| jinheM indranandina caturthAgamodI mumukSanAtha Izin, aneka vAdibraja sevitacaraNa aura loka meM parilabdhapUjana jaise vizeSaNoM ke sAtha ullekhita kiyA hai| yathA-lasaccaturbhAgama bedina para mamakSanAthA 'marakotimozinama / anekavAnivajase vitakrama, vinamyaloke parilabdhapUjanam / / 2 / / jinA (nijA) tmano jJAna vive praziSTA vitadviziSTasya suyoginAM / yogaprakAzasya karomi TIkA sUrIndranandIhitananvinave // 3 yaha apane samaya ke acche vidvAna the| ina indranandi kI eka mAtra kRti zvetAmbarAcArya hemacandra kRta yogazAstra ko TIkA hai| jisakA nAmakartA ne yogIramA, sUcita kiyA hai| jaisA ki TIkA ke yogiramendra maniyaH vAkya se jAnA jAtA hai| isa TIkA ko eka prati sva. paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra ko karaMjAbhaMDAra se mANika candra jI cavare dvArA prApta haI thii| aura jise bhadrAraka indranandi ne jainAgama, zabdazAstra bharata (nATaya) aura chanda zAstrAdi kI vijJA candramatA nAma kI cAru vinayA (vinayazIla) ziSya ke bodha ke liye banAI thii| jaisA ki prazasti ke nimna paya vAkyoM se spaSTa hai "zrI jainAgamazabdazAstra-bharata-chandobhimatyAdika vetrI candramatIti cAravinayA tasyA vibodhya zubhA / / " TokA randara aura viSaya ko pratipAdaka hai| isa TIkA kA vizeSa paricaya anekAnta varSa 20 kiraNa 3 pR0107 meM dekhanA cAhiye / isa TIkA kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane se yogazAstra kI mUla sthiti para acchA prakArA par3egA / TIkA meM racanA samaya diyA hai| jisase indranandI kA samaya vi0 saM0 1315 nizcita hai| hamacandra ke 86 varSa bAda TIkA banI hai| hemacandra kA svargavAsa saM0 1226 meM huA hai| prastuta TIkA 11va Izvara sambatsara 1982 (vi0 saM01315) meM caitra zukla dvitIyA ke dina banAkara samApta kI gaI hai| khASTeze zaradItimAsica zucau zukla dvitIyA tithI, TIkA yogiramendranandimuniyaH zrIyogasArIkRtA - - -. ... ........ 1. iti yogazAstre myA paMcamaprakAzAya zrImadamarakIti bhaTTArakAraNAM ziSya thIbhaTTAraka indrandi vicinAyA gogavAnya TokAyAM dvitIyopakAraH / " kAraMjA bhaNDAra prati, anekAnta varga 20 kiraNa 3007 - - -- -- -- ....... .--

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436 kitanI jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 zrI jainAgama zabdazAstra bharata chandomimukhyAdikavetrI candramatIti cAdavinayA tasyA vibodhye zubhA // zvetAmbarIya yogazAstra para digambarIya vidvAna dvArA likhI gaI yaha TIkA avazya prakAzanIya hai| usase bAtoM para nayA prakAza par3egA' / bAlacanda kavi yaha mUlasaMgha deziya gaNa iMgalezvara zAkhA ke vidvAna nemicandra paNDitadeva ke ziSya the| inakI eka mAtra kRti 'udyogasAra' hai, jo kanar3IbhASA meM racA gayA hai| kavi ne grantha meM apanA nAma vyakta nahIM kiyaa| kintu nimna padya meM apane ko nemicandra kA ziSya sUcita kiyA hai: tanidhi vimalakSyAmbudhivitata yazodhAmanemicandra munIndraH / zrutalakSmI dvitayakkaM sutanonisi sutatvavaziyeti subudhariye // zravaNabelagola ke zaka saM0 1205 san 1253 I0 ke lekha meM mahAmaNDalAcArya zrI mUlasaMghIya iMgalezvara dezIyagaNAgragaNya rAjaguru nemicanda paNDita deva kA varNana kara unake ziSya bAlacanda kA ullekha kiyA hai| isase yaha IsA kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa aura vi0 ko 14vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiM / devasena ( bhAvasaMgraha ke kartA) devasena haiM jo vimalasena ke ziSya zatAbdI hai| kintu bhAvasaMgraha ke se ke ziSya nahIM the, isase bhI 10vIM devasena nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| unameM bhAvasaMgraha ke kartA ve the / darzanasAra ke kartA devasena ina se bhinna haiN| unakA samaya vikrama kI kartA devasena somadeva aura rAjazekhara ke vidvAn se donoM kI pRthakatA spaSTa hai| bhAvasaMgraha ke kartA unase pazcAdvartI vidvAn haiN| bhAvasaMgraha meM 701 gAthAeM haiM jinameM caudaha guNasthAnoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prathama guNasthAna ke varNana meM mithyAtva ke pAMca bhedoM kA ullekha karate hue brahmavAdiyoM ko viparIta mithyAdRSTi batalAyA hai aura likhA hai ki ve jala se zuddha mAnate haiM, mAMsase pitaroM kI tRpti, pazughAta se svarga aura gau ke sparza se dharma mAnate haiN| isakA vivecana karate hue snAnadUSaNa aura mAMsa dUSaNa kA kathana kiyA hai aura unakI zrAlocanA kI hai| prastuta grantha mUlasagha kI zrAmnAya kA pratIta nahA hotA, kyoMki usameM kitanA kathana usa zrAmnAya ke viruddha aura asambaddha pAyA jAtA hai / paMcama guNasthAna kA varNana lagabhaga 250 gAthAoM meM kiyA gayA hai| kintu usameM zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM ke nAma aura maSTamUlaguNoM ke nAma to ginA diye kintu unake svarUpAdi kA kathana nahIM kiyA aura na sapta vyasana aura 11 pratimAoM kA svarUpa hI diyaa| hAM dAna pUjAdi viSaya kA kathana vistAra se diyA hai| isa guNasthAna ke varNana meM guNavrata aura zikSAvratoM ke bheda to kundakundAcArya ke anusAra batalAe haiM kiMtu sAmAyika ke sthAna meM trikAla sevA ko sthAna diyA gayA hai / bhAvasaMgraha meM trivarNAcAra ke samAna hI Acamana, sakalIkaraNa, yajJopavIta aura paMcAmRta abhiSeka kA vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai| itanA hI nahIM kiMtu indra, agni, kAla, naiRtya, varuNa, pavana, yakSa, soma, daza dikpAloM kI upAsanA, bhagavAna kA uvaTanA karanA, zAstra tathA yuvati vAhana sahita zrAhnAna karake bali caru Adi pUjya 1. TIkA ke vizeSa paricaya ke liye dekheM, pranekAnta varSa 20 ki0 3 meM murastAra zrI jugalakizora kA lekha pR0 107 2. jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 150 151-2 3. somasena kRta trivarNAcAra meM bhI daza dikpAloM kA, Ayudha, vAhana, zastra aura yuvati sahita pUjane kA vidhAna hai--oM iMdrAgni yama neRtya varuNa pacana kuverezAna 12 somyaH sarvatyAyudha vAhana yuvati sahitA mAyAta AAyAta ida ma

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI vidvAn, mAnAya aura kavi dravya tathA yajJa ke bhAga ko bIjAkSara nAma yukta maMtroM se dene kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki usakI nimna do gAthAoM se prakaTa hai: prAhAhiUNa deve suravai-sihi-kAlaNerievaruNe / patharaNe jarave sa sUlI sapiya sa vAhaNe sa satyeya / / 436 dAUNa pujja vaThavaM bali caruyaM taya gaNNa bhAyaMca / samvesi maMtehi ya bIyakkharaNAmajutehiM // 440 paM. kailAzacandra jI siddhAMta zAstrI ne somadeva ke upAsakAdhyayana aura bhAvasaMgraha kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karake yaha niSkarSa nikAlA hai ki bhAvasaMgraha kAra ne somadeva ke upAsakAdhyayana se bahuta kucha liyA hai| upAsakA dhyayana kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1016 hai / prataH bhAvasaMgraha usa ke bAda ko racanA hai| bhAvasaMgraha ke kartA ne kauladharma kA kathana kapUra maMjarI se liyA jAna par3atA hai| donoM kathanoM meM aura zabdoM meM samAnatA duSTigocara hotI hai| bhAvasaMgraha kA zithalAcAra viSayaka varNana usako arvAcInatA kA dyotaka haiN| sva. paM0 milApacandra jI kaTAriyA ne bhI bhAvasaMgraha ke sambaMdha meM eka vistata lekha 'mahAvIra jayantI' smArikA meM prakaTa kiyA thaa| usameM bhAvasaMgraha ke kartA ko darzanasAra ke kartA se bhinna mAnate hae amnAya viruddha kathana karane kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| gAthA 13vIM meM purAtana sAdhuoM kI kama nirjarA se hIna saMhananadhArI sAdhu moM ko nirjarA ko mahatvapUrNa batalAyA hai| varisa sahasseNa purA jaMkammahaNai teNa puSNaNa / taM saMpai variseNaTu NijjarayA hINa saMhaNaNoM // 131 bhAvasaMgraha kAra ne prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke padyoM ko eka sAtha rakkhA hai| paNDita vAmadeva ne bhAvasaMgraha kA saMskRtikaraNa kiyA hai| vAmadeva kA samaya vikrama ko 14vIM zatAbdI hai| paNDita pAzAdhara jI ke sAmane bhAvasaMgraha nahIM thaa| yadi hotA to ve usake sambaMdha meM avazya kucha likhate / saMbhava hai devasena ne vi0 kI 13vIM zatAbdI ke upAntya samaya meM isakA saMkalana kiyA ho| grantha meM kucha gAthAeM purAnI bhI saMgrahIta hai, kucha 11vIM zatAbdI kI bhI haiM / yaha maulika graMtha nahIM jAna par3atA / kathana krama kI asambaddhatA bhI isakI arvAcInatA kI sUcaka hai| isa grantha ke sambaMdha meM anveSaNa honA cAhie, jisase grantha sambaddha aura vastu svarUpa kA prAmANika vivecaka ho ske| zru tamuni mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustaka gaccha kI iMgalezvara zAkhA meM hue haiN| ina ke aNuvrata guru bAlendu (bAlacandra) graura munidharma meM dIkSita karane vAle mahAvrata guru abhayacandra siddhAMtI the| inameM bAlacandra muni bhI abhaya candra siddhAMtI ke ziSya the, aura isase ve zrutamuni ke jyeSTha gurubhAI bhI hae / zAstra garuoM meM bhI prabhayasUri siddhAMtI the, jo zabdAgama, paramAgama aura tarkAgama ke pUrNa jAnakAra the| aura unhoMne sabhI paravAdiyoM ko jItA thA / aura prabhAcandra muni sAratraya meM--pravacanasAra, samayasAra aura paMcAstikAyasAra-meM nipuNa the| parabhAva se rahita hue zuddhatmasvarUpa meM lIna the 1 aura bhavya janoM ko pratibodha dene meM sadA tatpara the| zrutamuni ne prazasti meM ina sabhI gurupoM kA jayaghoSa kiyA hai / aura cArukIrti muni kA bhI jayaghoSa kiyA hai jo zravaNabelagolA kI bhaTTArakIya gaddI ke paTTaghara the| aura jinakA nAma cArukIti rUr3ha thaa| unheM kavi ne nayanikSepoM tathA pramANoM ke jAnakAra, saba dharmoM ke vijetA, 1. dekho varNI abhinandana grantha pa0 207 meM koladharma paricaya nAma kA lekha

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438 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 napagaNa se vanditacaraNa, samasta zAstroM ke jJAtA, aura jinama gaM para calane vAla prakaTa kiyA hai|' racanAkAla __ zrutamuni kI tIna racanAe~ hai-bhAvatribhaMgI (bhAvasaMgraha) prAsravatribhaMgI aura prmaagmsaar| inameM prathama kI do racanAoM meM racanA samaya nahIM diyA / antima racanA paragamasAra meM usakA racanA kAla zaka saMvat 1262 (vi0 sa0 1367) vRSasaMvatsara magazira sudI saptamI guruvAra diyA hai| jaisA ki usakI nimna gAthA se prakaTa hai: sagakAle ha sahasarase bisaya-tisaThI 1263 gadeda visbrise| maggasirasuddhasattami guruvAre granthasaMpuSaNo / / 224 / / isase zunamuni kA samaya san 1341 (vi0 saM0 1362) hai / arthAt yaha 14vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiN| racanA-paricaya bhAvavibhaMgI- isakA nAma bhAvasaMgraha bhI hai, jo aneka tADapatrIya pratiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai jaisA ki 'mulu ttarabhAvasarUvaM padakvAmi' vAkyoM se prakaTa hai| grantha kI gAthA saMkhyA prazasti sahita 12 hai| isa grantha meM bhAvoM ke tIna bhaMga karake kathana karane se isakA nAma 'bhAvatribhaMgI' rUr3ha ho gayA hai| isameM jIvA ke proparAmika prAdika kSAyopazamika audayika aura pAriNAmika aise pAMca mUlabhAvoM aura inake kramazaH 2,6,18,21 praura 3ga 53 uttarabhAvoM kA kathana diyA gayA hai| jo caudaha guNasthAnoM, 14 mArgaNAsthAnoM kI dRSTi ko liye hA hai| grantha apane viSaya kA mahatvapUrNa hai| grantha meM racanA kAla diyA huA nahIM hai| prAstravatribhaMgI- isa grantha ko gAthA saMkhyA 62 hai| isa meM mithyAtva, avirata, pAya, yoga ina mala prAmavoM ke kramazaH 5.12,25,15 airo 57 bhedoM kA guNasthAna aura mAgAsthAna kI dRSTi se kathana kiyA hai| isameM gommaTasAra kI aneka gAthAnoM ko mUla kA aMga banAyA gayA hai| antima gAthA meM 'bAlendu' bAlacandra kA jaya gAna kiyA hai, jo zrutamuni ke aNuvrata muru the / isa grantha meM bhA racanA kAla nahIM diyaa| paramAgamasAra-isako gAthA saMkhyA 230 hai, aura pATha adhikAroM meM vibhakA hai| paMcAstikAya, padavya ---.. -. . 1. aguvada-guru-bAlendu mahatvada abhayacandra siddhati / satye bhayamUri-hAcaMdA khalu suya muriNassa gurU // 117 siri mUlasaMgha desiya (gaNa) putthapa gaccha koMDakunda muriMgaNAhaM / (kuMdAga) paramapaNa iMgalesa balimmi jAda [ssa muNi pahANamsa ||118 siddhatA'daya caMdasrA ya sisso bAlacadamukhi pabaro / so bhaviya kuvalayANa AvaMda karo sayA jabaU // 116 saddAyama paramAgama-takakA gama-niravasesa vedI hu / vijida-sathalaNyAvAdI jaya u cira abhayamUri siddhati // 120 papa-raMgakkheva-pamA jArielA dijid-sthl-prsmyii| vara-Niva i-Ni baha-Idiya-paya- mo vAkitti bhusI // 121 pAdi-pakhilasya satyo sapalapari dehi pUjimo vimlo| jiNa-maga-gayae-mUro jayau pira cArukiti muNo // 122 vara sArattaya-rigAulo supara jo virhiy-prbhaao| bhaviSAraNa paTiyohagA parI pahAcadaNANa muragI // 123 ---bhAvasagraha prazasti

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1 n 7 1 terahavIM aura baudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn, AcArya aura kavi 436 saptatattva, savapadArtha, bandha, aura bandha ke kAraNa, mokSa aura mokSa ke kAraNoM kA kramazaH varNana diyA hai / grantha hugrA ke anta meM usakA racanA kAla zaka saM0 1963 (san 1341 (vi0 saM0 136) vRpasaMvatsara masara zuddhi manamo guruvAra diyA hai| isase zrutamuni 14vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiM / ratnayogondra inhoMne apanI guru paramparA kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA aura na samaya hI diyaa| unakI eka mAtra kRti 'nAgakumAra carita' hai, jo paMcasargAtmaka hai| aura pAMca sau zloka pramANa saMkhyA ko liye hue hai| jisameM paMcamI vrata ke upavAsa kA mAhAtmya varNita hai| zrI paMcamyupavAsasya phalodAharaNAtmakam / evaM nAga kumArasya samAptiM caritaM yayau / iti zrI ratnayogIndraMNopasaMhatya kIrtitam | sahastrArddhamiti granthaye taccaritamuccakaiH // varite zrI paMcamI mahopavAsa phalodAharaNaM paMcamaH sargaH / iti zrI nAgakumAra grantha kI yaha prati khaMbhAta ke zvetAmvarIya zAstra bhaMDAra meM avasthita hai / grantha kI yaha prati 14vIM zatAbdI kI likhI huI hai ataeva ratnayogIndra kA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM yA 14vIM zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA jA sakatA hai / kulabhadra kulabhadra ne apanI racanA meM apane nAmollekha ke sivAya anya koI paricaya dene kI kRpA nahIM kI / zrara na apanI guru paramparA tathA gaNagacchAdi kA hI ullekha kiyaa| isase inakA paricaya aura samaya nizcita karane meM bar3I kaThinAI upasthita ho rahI hai / isa grantha kI lipivaddha pratiyAM jayapura aura udayapura ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM pAI jAtI hai| isa para paNDita daulatarAma jI kAsalIvAla ne hindI TippaNa bhI likhA hai| jayapura ke bIcandra mandira ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM saMvat 1545 kArtika sudI caturthI ko likhI huI pratilipi pAI jAtI hai / isase itanA to sunizcita hai ki yaha grantha saM0 1545 ke bAda kI racanA nahIM hai, kintu usase pUrvavartI hai / inakI ekamAtra kRti 'sAra samuccaya' hai, jo eka upadezika grantha hai racanA sAdhAraNa hote bhI usameM sarala zabdoM meM dharma ke sAra ko rakhane kA prayatna kiyA hai| 330 saMskRta ke anuSTupa padyoM dvArA grAtmA ke svahita kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| usameM batalAyA hai ki jo jIva kapAyoM se malina hai, jinakA mana rAga meM anuraMjita hai, vaha cAroM gatiyoM meM dukha uThAtA hai, aura jo viSaya-kapAyoM se saMtapta nahIM hai kintu unheM jItane kA yatna karatA hai vahIM sukha kA pAtra banatA hai| jo parISahoM ke jItane meM vIra hai, aura indriyoM ke nigraha meM subhaTa hai, aura kaSAyoM ke jItane meM sakSama hai, vahI loka meM zUra-vIra kahA jAtA hai / zrathavA jo indriyoM ko jItane meM vIra hai, karma baMdhana meM kAyara hai, tattvArtha meM jisakA mana lagA hai| aura jo zarIra se bhI nispRha hai| vahI parISad rUpI zatrumroM ko jItane meM samartha hai| aura vahI kaSAyoM ke jItane meM bhI dhIra hai, vahI zUra vIra kahA jAtA hai" / racanA ko dekhate hue yaha anumAna hotA ki prastuta 1. paMtthi kAyadA chakka taccANi sasya padasthA / vabandha takkAraNaM mokkho takkAraNa cedi // 6 bahipa aviho jirAvayara khiruvido savitra do / vocchAmi samAseNa ma suraya jagA datta cittA hu ||10 ( paramAgamasAra) 2. grantha zvetAmbaro Santinatha Sain bhan dar cambay meM upalabdha hai| dekho, saMbhAta bhaMDAra ko sUcI mA0 2 3. ayaM tu kulabhareNa bhavavicchati kAraNam / dabdho bAlasvabhAvena graMthaH sAra samuccayaH || 325 parISa jayezUrAH surAzcendriyanigrahe / kaSAyavijaye zUrAste zUrAgaditA vRdhaH // 210 4. dekho, paca naM0 214, 215 /

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440 kRti 13vIM 14vIM zatAbdI ko ho sakatI hai / kulabhadra kA yaha grantha dharma aura nIti kA pradhAna sUkti kAvya hai / jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 nAsti kAma samo vyAdhirnAsti moha samoripuH / nAsti koSa samohnirnAsti jJAna sama sukham // 27 viSayoragadaSTasya kaSAya viyamohitaH / saMyamI hi mahAmaMtrastrAtA sarvatradehinam // 30 dharmAmRtaM savA peyaM duHkhAtaGka vinAzanam / yasminpIte paraM saukhyaM jIvAnAM jAyate sadA // 63 kavi nAgarAja yaha kauzika gotrIya seDimba (seDama) ke nivAsI the| jahAM aneka jina mandira bane hue the| inake pitA kA nAma viveka viTThaladeva thA, jo jina zAsana dIpaka the aura mAtA kA nAma bhAgIrathI, bhAI kA nAma tipparasa thA aura guru ananta vIrya munIndra the / grantha kI puSpikAoM meM unhoMne apane ko mAsivAlada nAgarAja kahA hai / 'sarasvatI mukha-tilaka, kavi- mukha-mukura' ubhaya kavitA vilAsa Adi unakI upAdhiyAM thIM / graMtha ke prArambha meM jinendra, paMca para meSThI, sarasvatI Adi ke stavana ke pazcAt unhoMne vIrasena, jinasena, sinandi, gRddha piccha, koNDakunda, guNabhadra, pUjyapAda, samantabhadra, akalaMka kumArasena (senagaNAdhIza) dharasena aura anantavIrya Adi pUrvavartI AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / unhoMne pampa, bandhuvarma, ponna, ranna, gajAMkuza, guNadarma aura nAgacandra yAdi pUrvavartI kannar3a kaviyoM se protsAhana prApta kiyA thA / racanA vAstava mpU jisameM 22 adhyAya aura 52 kathAeM haiN| kavi ne sagara ke logoM ke hitArtha apane guru anantavIrya kI AjJA se zaka saMvat 1253 san 1331 I0 meM saMskRta se kannar3a meM rUpAntara kiyA hai / kavi ne sUcita kiyA hai ki unakI isa kRti ko Aryasena ne sudhAra kara cittAkarSaka banAyA / prabhAcandra yaha mUlasaMgha dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha ke vidvAna the| aura zruta muni ke vidyAguru the| jo sAratraya meM nipuNa the / isase yaha samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya ke jJAtA jAna par3ate haiM / yaha prabhAcandra vikramako 13voM zatAbdI ke upAntya bora 14vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdhaM ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| kyoMki abhayacandra saiddhAntika ke ziSya bAlacandra muni ne jo zrutamuni ke praNuvrata guru hone se unake prAyaH samakAlIna the / inhoMne zaka saM0 1165 (vi0 sa0 1330) meM dravya saMgraha para TokA likhI hai / digambara jaina grantha kartA aura unake grantha; nAma kI sUcI meM unakA samaya vi0 saM0 1316 kA ullekha hai, jo prAyaH ThIka jAna par3atA hai / madhura kavi yaha vAjivaMza ke bhAradvAja gotra meM utpanna huA thA / inake pitA kA nAma viSNu aura mAtA kA nAma nAgAmbikAyA / bukkarAya ke putra harihara (dvitIya 1377- 1404 I0 ) kA mantrI isakA poSaka thaa| (bhUnAthAsthAna cUr3AmaNi madhura kavIndra ) vizeSaNa se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki yaha harihara rAya dvitIya kA prasthAna kavi yA sabhA kavi thaa|' isI rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM ratna karaNDa kannar3a ke kartA zrAyatavarmA aura paramAgamasAra ke kartA candrakIti bhI hue haiM / kavivilAsa, kavirAja kalA vilAsa, kavi mAdhava madhuramAdhava, sarasa kavi rasAlavanta bhAratI' mAnasa keli rAjahaMsa zrAdi isako upAdhiyAM thiiN| isako do kRtiyA~ prApta haiM / dharmanAtha purANa aura gommaTASTaka | yadyapi dharmanAtha purANa pUrA nahIM milatA / para upalabdha bhAga se bhASA kI praur3hatA aura kavitA hRdayahAriNI aura sundara hai / kavi kA samaya IsA kI 14vIM zatAbdI hai /

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terahavIM aura caudahavI zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya aura kavi paM0 harapAla paM0 harapAla ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyaa| kintu apanI kRti vaidyazAstra meM usakA racanA kAla vikrama saMvat 1341) batalAyA hai:-vikkama-Naravai-kAle terasayA gayAiM eyAle (1341) siya-pAsaTu mi maMde vijjayasattho ya puNNo ya // 257 isa vaMdyaka gantha meM 257 gAthAeM haiM, jinameM roga aura unakI cikitsA kA varNana hai, grantha prAkRta bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| gantha kI 255 vIM gAthA meM 'joyasArehi' vAkya dvArA apanI yogyasAra nAmakI racanA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isake pUrda racA gayA thA ! paranta baha abhI upalabdha nahIM humaa| kavi kA samaya vikrama ko 14vIM zatAbdI kA dUsarA caraNa hai| kezavavarNo yaha abhayacandrasari ke ziSya the| kezava varNI ne gommaTasAra kI kanahI batti (jIvatattva prabodhikA) bhadrAraka dharmabhUSaNa ke AdezAnusAra zaka saM0 1281 (san 1356I.) meM banAkara samApta kI tho| karnATaka kavi carita se jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne amita gati ke prAvakAcAra para bhI kar3I meM vatti likhI thii| devacanda kI 'rAjAbalI kaye se jJAta hotA hai ki kezavavI ne zAstraya-samayasAra, pravacanasAra-paMcAstikAya-para TIkA likhI hai| kavi magarAja ne kezavavarNI kA ullekha karate hue unheM 'sAratraya vedi' vizeSaNa diyA hai jisase ve sAratraya ke jJAtA the| inakA samaya IsA kI 14vIM zatAbdI hai| kavivibudha zrIdhara inhoMne apanA koI paricaya prastuta nahIM kiyA, jisase guru paramparA aura gaNa-gacchAdi kA paricaya denA zakya nahIM hai / kavi kI eka mAtrakRti "maviSyadatta paMcamI kathA hai, jo saMskRta padyoM meM racI gaI hai| grantha meM racanA kAla bhI nahIM diyA, jisase yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai ki prastuta zrIdhara kaba hue haiN| ho, gandha pratipara se itanA jarUra kahA jA sakatA hai ki isa grantha kI racanA vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha se pUrva ho cukI thI, kyoM ki grantha ko pratilipi vi0 saM01486 kI likhI huI nayA maMdira dharmapurA dillI ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai / isa anya kI racanA lambakacuka kula ke prasiddha sAhu lakSmaNa ko preraNA se huI thii| jaisA ki grantha ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai: zrIma do mayUtAyAM ? sthitena nyshaalinaa| zrIlambakaMcukA'nUka-nabho-bhUSaNa-bhAnunA / / prasiddha mAdhudhAmeka bnujendyaavtaa| pravaropAsakAcAra-vicArAhita-cetasA / / 10 gaha devA'rcanA-dAna-dhyAnAdhyayana-karmaNA / sAdhunA lakSmaNAsyena preritobhaktisaMyutaH // 11 tadahaM zaktiho vakSye caritaM duritApahaM / zrImadbhaviSya dattasya kamalazrI tanubhuvaH // 12 grantha meM kamala zrI ke putra bhaviSya datta kA jIvana-paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| * grantha kA racanAkAla saM0 1486 se bAda kA nahIM ho sakatA usase pUrvavartI hai saMbhavataH yaha caudahavIM zatAbdo kI racanA honA caahie| -- - 1. saMvat 1486 varSe AdhAr3a badi 7 gurudine gopAcaladurga rAjAgara siMharAjya prAta mAne zrIkASThA saMve mAthurAnvaye puSkaragaNe AcArya sahastrakIrti devAstatpa? prAcArya zrI guNakItidevAstanidravya zrI yazaHkotidevAstena nizAnA. varaNI karmakSayArtha idaM bhaviSyadatta paMcamI kathA limApitaM / --bhaviSyadatta paMcamI kathA lipi pravAsti

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442 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 kabi barddhamAna maTTAraka yaha malasaMgha balAtkAragaNa aura bhArato gaccha ke vidvAna the| inako upAdhi 'paravAdi paMcAnana thI, parAMgacarita kI prazasti meM kavi ne apanA paricaya nimna prakAra diyA hai : svasti zrImUlasaMghe bhuvi viditagaNe zrIbalAtkArasaMjJa, zrIbhAratyAkhyagacche sakalaguNa nidhirvamAnAbhivAnaH / bhAsIbaTTArako'so sucaritamakarocchIvaraGgasya rAjJo, bhavyazreyAMsi tanvad bhuvicaritamidaM vartatAmArkatAram // -varAMgacarita 13-17, varddhamAna nAma ke do vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai| usameM eka varddhamAna nyAyadIpikA ke kartA dharmabhUSaNa ke guru the| aura 'dezabhaktyAdi mahAzAstra ke bhI kartA the, aura dUsare varddhamAna hamaca zilAlekha ke racayitA hai / inakA samaya 1530 I. ke lagabhaga hai| vijayanagara ke zaka saM0 1307 (san 1385 I0) meM utkIrNa zilAlekha meM bhaTTArakha dharmabhUSaNa ke padaghara aura sihanandI yogIndra ke caraNa kamaloM ke bhramara varddhamAna muni the, unake ziSya dharmabhUSaNa hue| jaisA ki usake nimnapadyoM se prakaTa hai: paTTe tasya munerAsImAnamunIzvaraH / zrI sihananvi yogIna caraNAmbhoja SaTpadaH / / 12 zisyastasya gurorAsIddharmabhUSaNavezikaH / bhaTTAraka muniH zrImAn zalyatraya vijitaH // 13 inake samaya meM sakA / 13.7 1385 I0) kI phAlguNa kRSNa dvitIyA ko rAjA harihara ke maMtrI catradaNDa nAyaka ke putra irumappa ne vijayanagara meM kUnyanAtha kA mandira banavAyA thaa| daza bhaktyAdi zAstra ke nimna padya meM ullikhita vijayanagara nareza prathama devarAja rAjAdhirAja paramezvara kI upAdhi se vibhUSita the| inakA rAjya saMbhavataH san 1418 I. taka rahA hai| aura dvitIya devarAja kA samaya san 1416 se 1446 I. taka mAnA jAtA hai| rAjAdhirAja paramezvara vaivarAja, bhUpAla mohilasadaMnni sarojayugmaH / zrISarddhamAna muni ballabha modaya mukhyaH zrIdharmabhUSaNa sukhI jayato kSamADacaH / / bhaTTAraka dharmabhUSaNa ne nyAyadIpikA kI antima prazasti meM, aura puSpikA meM bhaTTAraka varddhamAna kA ullekha kiyA hai: madagurorvaddhamAnezo barddhamAnadayAnidheH / zrIpadasneha sambandhAt siddheyaM nyAyabIpikA / / -nyAyadIpikA praza0 ina saba ullekhoM se spaSTa hai ki dharmabhUSaNa ke guru vahI bhaTTAraka varddhamAna haiM, jo varAMga carita ke kartA haiN| varddhamAna bhaTTAraka kA samaya dharmabhUSaNa ke guru hone ke kAraNa IsA kI caudahavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArgha hai| varAMga caritra saMskRta bhASA kA laghukAya grantha hai| isa kAvya meM 13 sarga haiM jisameM bAIsaveM tIrthakara neminAtha ke varadatta gaNaghara ke samakAlIna hone vAle rAjA varAMga kA carita daNita kiyA gayA hai| yaha jaTila 1. tasya zrI cavadaNDAdhinAyakasmojitazriyaH / pAsIdiruga dADepo nandano lokanandanaH / / 21 tasminniruga daNDepAH purecAruzilAmayam / / zrI kuntha jina nAthastha caityAlayamanIkarat / / 28 vijayanagara zi0 naM02

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terahavIM aura caudavahIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya aura kavi kavi ke varAMga carita kA saMkSipna rUpa hai, kavi baDhemAna ne isameM dhArmika upadezoM aura kucha varNanoM ko nikAla kara kathAnaka kI rUpa-rekhA jyoM kI tyoM rahane do hai, aisA TrA0pa0 ena0 upAdhye ne likhA hai| jaisA ki grantha ke nimna padya se spaSTa hai: gaNezvarA kathitAkathAvarAvarAGgarAjasya savistaraM purH| mayApi saMkSipya ca saMva varNyate sukAvyavandhena sumuddhi ghdhinii|| kavi varddhamAna ne rAjA vagaMga ke kathAnavA meM dharmopa deza ko kama kara dArzanika aura dhArmika carcAmoM ko bahuta saMkSipta rUpa meM diyA hai| para jaTila muni ke parAMga caritra kA usa para pUrA prabhAva hai| barAMga kA carita isa prakAra hai :-- vinItadeza meM ramyA nadI ke naTa para uttamapura nAma kA nagara hai usameM bhojavaMzakA rAjA dharmasena rAjya karatA thA, usakI guNavatI nAma kI sundara aura myavato pAnI thii| samaya pAkara usake eka putra huA jisakA nAma varAMga rakkhA gayA / jaba vaha yuvA ho gayA, taba usakA vivAha lalitapura ke rAjA devasena kI putrI sunaMdA, vindhyapura ke rAjA mahendradana kI putrI vapuSmatI, siMhapura ke rAjA dviSantapa kI putrI yazomatI, iSTapurI ke rAjA sanatkumAra kI putrI vasundharA, malayadezake adhipati makaradhvaja kI putrI ananta senA, cakrapura ke rAjA samudradatta kI putrI priyavatA. girivrajanagara ke rAjA bAhvAyudha kI putrI sukezI, zrokozala purI ke rAjA sumisiMha kI putrI vizvasenA' vArAMgadeza ke rAjA vinayadhara kI putrA priyaMkAriNI,mora vyApArI kI putrI dhanadattA ke sAtha hotA hai / varAMga inake sAtha sAMsArika sUkha kA upabhoga karatA hai| eka dina ariSTanemika pradhAna gaNadhara varadatta uttamapura meM prAye. rAjA dharmamena manivadanA ko gyaa| rAjA ke prazna karane para unhoMne prAcArAdikA upadeza diyaa| varAMga kaMpaLane para unhoMne samyaktva aura mithyAtva kA vivecana kiyA / upadeza se prabhAvita ho varAMga ne aNunata dhAraNa kiye / aura unakI bhAvanAoM kA abhyAsa prArambha kiyaa| tathA rAjya saMcAlana aura astra-zAstra ke saMcAlana meM dakSatA prApta kI rAjA dharmasena varAMga ke zreSTha guNoM ko prazaMsA sunakara prabhAvita humA aura tIna sau putroMke rahate hae varAMga ko yavarAja pada para abhiSikta kara diyaa| barAMga ka abhyudaya se usakI sautelI mAM suSeNA tathA sutele bhAI maregA koI hii| aura maMtrI savRddhi se milakara unhoMne Sar3ayaMtra kiyaa| maMtrI ne eka zikSita ghoDA barAga ko diyaa| varAMga usa para baiThate ho vaha havA se bAta karane lgaa| vaha nadI, sarovara, vana aura praTabI ko pAra karatAnA yAne bar3hatA hai aura vararAMga ko eka kueM meM girA detA hai / varAMga kisI taraha kueM se nikalatA hai,aura bhakha-pyAsa meM pIr3ita ho prAgevar3hane para byAna milatA hai hAtho kI sahAyatA se prANoM kI rakSA karatA hai. aura eka yakSiNI ajagara se usakI rakSA karatI hai, aura vaha usake svadAra santopa bana kI parIkSA kara santuSTa ho jAtI hai / vana meM bhaTakate hae varAMga ko bhIla bali ke liye pakar3a kara le jAte haiN| kintu sarpa dvArA daMzita bhillarAja ke putra kA viSa dUra karane se use mukti mila jAtI hai / vRkSa para rAtri vyatIta kara prAtaH sAgaravRddhisArthapati se mila jAtA hai / sAyapati ke sAtha calane para mArga meM bAraha hajAra DAkU milate haiM sArthavAha kA una DAkUoM se yuddha hotA hai / sArthavAha kI senA manase bhAgatI hai isase sAgaravaddhi ko bahata dukha hmaa| sakaTa ke samaya varAMga ne sArthavAha se nivedana kiyA ki bhApa cintA na kareM maiM saba DAkuoM ko parAsta karatA hU~! kumAra ne DAkunoM ko parAsta kiyA, paura sAgaravaddhikA priya hokara sArthavAhoM kA adhipati bana lalitapura meM nivAsa karane lagatA hai| idhara ghor3e kA pIchA karane vAle sainika hAthI ghor3A lauTa pAye, varAMga kA kahIM patA na calA, isase dharma sena ko bar3I cintA huii| rAjAne guptacaroM ko kumAra kA patA lagAne ke liye bhejA ve kueM meM gire huye mRna azva ko dekhakara pora kumAra ke vastroM ko lekara vApisa lautte| unheM Dhar3hane para bhI kumAra kA koI patA na lgaa| aMtaH pura meM karuNA kA samudra umar3a paayaa| mathurA ke rAjA indrasena kA putra upendrasena thA isa rAjA ne eka dina lalitapura devasena ke pAsa apanA dUta bhejA, aura prapratimalla nAmaka hAthI kI mAMga kI, devasena dvArA hAtho ke na diye jAne para ruSTa ho mathurAdhipati ne

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 usa para AkramaNa kara diyaa| indrasena aura upendrasena donoM kI senA ne bar3I vIratA se yuddha kiyA, jisase devasena ko senA chinna-bhinna hone lgii| kumAra varAMga ne pAkara devasena ko mahAyatA kI aura indrasena parAjita ho gyaa| lalitapura ke rAjA devasena kumAra ke bala aura parAkrama se prasanna hokara use apanI putrI sunandA aura prAdhA rAjya pradAna karatA hai| eka dina rAjA kI manoramA nAma ko putrI kumAra ke rUpa saundarya ko dekhakara mAsakta ho jAtI hai, aura viraha se jalane lagatI hai| manoramA kumAra ke pAsa apanA dUta bhejatI hai| para durAcAra se dUra rahane vAlA kumAra iMkAra kara detA hai / manoramA cintita aura dukhI hotI hai| varAMga ke lupta hojAne para suSeNa uttama pura ke rAjya kArya ko samhAlatA hai parantu vaha apanI ayogyatAmoM ke kAraNa zAsana meM asaphala ho jAtA hai| usakI durbalatA aura dharmasena ko vRddhAvasthA kA anucita lAbha uThAkara babUlAdhipati uttamapura para AkramaNa kara detA hai / dharmasena lalitapura ke rAjA se sahAyatA mAMgatA hai| varAMga isa avasara para uttamapura jAtA hai, aura vakulAdhipati ko parAjita kara detA hai| pitA-putra kA milana hotA hai, aura prajA varAMga kA svAgata karatI hai| vaha virodhiyoM ko kSamAkara rAjya prazAsana prApta karatA hai| aura pitA kI anumati se digvijaya karane jAtA hai aura apane naye rAjya kI rAjadhAnI sarasvatI nadI ke kinAre prAnatapara ko basAtA hai| barAMga ne prAnartapura meM siddhAyatana nAma kA caityAlaya nirmANa karAyA / yora vidhi pUrvaka usakI pratiSThA sampanna kraaii| eka dina brAhma muhUrta meM rAjA varAMga ne tela samApta hote hae dIpaka ko dekhakara deha-bhogoM se virakta ho jAtA hai aura dIkSA lene kA vicAra karatA hai parivAra ke vyaktiyoM ne use dIkSA lene se rokane kA prayatna kiyA, kintu vaha na maanaa| aura varadatta kevalI ke nikaTa digambara dokSA dhAraNa ko| aura tapazcaraNa dvArA AtmasAdhanA karatA haA anta' meM tapazcaraNa se sarvArtha siddhi vimAna ko prApta kiyaa| usakI striyoM ne bhI dokSA lI unhoMne bho apanI zakti anusAra tapAdi kA anuSThAna kiyA / aura yathAyogya gati prApta kii| maMgarAja (dvitIya) yaha 'kamme kasa ke vizvAmitra gotrIya remmAI rAmarasa kA putra thaa| yaha abhinava maMgarAja ke nAma se prasita haiN| isane maMgarAja nighaNTu yA abhinava nighaNTu nAma kA koza banAyA hai| kavi ne zazipura ke somezvara ke prasAda se zaka saM0 1320 (san 1398 I0) meM ukta koSa ko samApta kiyA hai| prataH kavi kA samaya IsA ko 14vIM zadI kA antima bhAga hai| abhayacandra yaha kandakandAnbaya dezIya gaNa pustaka maccha ke vidvAna jayakIrti ke ziSya the| yaha vahI rAya rAjagurumaNDalAcArya mahAbAda vAdIzvara rAyavAdI pitAmaha abhayacandra siddhanta deva jAna par3ate hai jinhoMne sAMkhya, yoga, cArvAka bauddha, bhaTra prabhAkara Adi aneka vAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM vijita kiyA thaa| zaka saM0 1337 (I. sana 1415) meM inave gahastha ziSya balla gaur3a ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA / inakA samaya 1375-1400 I0 ke lagabhaga sunizcita hai| yahI abhayacandra laghIyasvabhayavRtti ke TIkAkAra jAna par3ate haiN| guNabhUSaNa yaha mUlasaMgha ke vidvAna sAgaracandra ke ziSya vinayacandra muni ke ziSya trailokyakIrti the unake ziSya guNa 1.dekho, epigrAphiyA karnATikA 7 soratha tAlukA 0 136 /

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tairavoM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, prAcArya aura kavi 445 bhUSaNa the| inhoMne apane ko 'syAdvAda cUr3AmaNi' likhA hai' 1 isakI eka mAtra kRti guNabhUSaNa zrAvaka cAra hai| jise bhavya jina citta vallabha' bhI kahA jAtA hai| isa grantha ko kavi ne purapATa vaMzI jomana aura nAmadevI ke / naimideva ke liye banAyA thaa| jo guNabhUSaNa ke caraNoM kA bhakta thaa| jomana ke dUsare putra kA nAma lakSmaNa thA / jaisA ki grantha ke nimna puSpikA vAkya se prakaTa hai : putra ' iti zrImad guNabhUSaNAcArya viracite bhavyajanacitta vallabhAbhidhAna zrAvakAcAre sAThu nemideva nAmAMkite samyaktmacaritraM tRtIyaddadezaH samAptaH / ' prastuta graMtha tIna uddezyoM meM samApta huA hai / antima uddezyoM meM samyaktva aura cAritra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / guNabhUSaNa ke zrAvakAcAra para vasunandi ke upAsakA cAra kA prabhAva aMkita hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu donoM kI tulanA se spaSTa pratIta hotA haiM ki unhoMne usakI aneka prAkRtika gAthAyoM ke saMskRta rUpAntara dvArA apane grantha kI zrI vRddhi kI hai| zrAvakacAra ke varNana meM koI vaiziSTya bhI nahIM hai- anya zrAvakA cAroM ke samAna ho usameM kathana hai / jaisA ki nimna tulanA se spaSTa --- syAdanyonya pravezAnAM pradezo jIvakarmaNoH / sabandhaH prakRti sthira nubhAvAdisvabhAvaka // / 17gu pa0 progANu paveso jo jIvapaesamma saMdhANaM / so dvivi- zraNubhava-paesabo cauviho baMdhI // 41 vasu0 samyaktavrataiH kopAdI nigrahAdyoganizeSataH / karmAsrava nirodho yaH satsaMvaraH sa ucyate // / 18 guNa0 sammattehi vahi kohAi kasAya NiggAha guNehi / jogagiroheNa tahA kammAsava saMvaro hoi ||42 vasu0 vipAkA vipAkAzca nirjarA syAd dvighAdimA / saMsAre sarva jIvAnAM dvitIyA su-tapasvinAm // guNa0 savipAmA avivAyA dubihA puNa NijjarA muNeyabvA / savasi jIvANaM paThamA viviyA tathassINaM // yUtamadhyAmiSaM vezyAkheToparAtA / saptaM tAni pApAni vyasanAni tyajetsudhIH // 114 guNa 0 majjaM maMsaM vesA pAraddhi-cora-paramAraM / jayaM buggai gamaNassevANi he bhUvANi pAvANi // 56 vasu0 isI taraha guNabhUSaNa zrAvakAcAra ke 204, 205, 206, 207 padyoM ke sAtha vasunandI zrAvakAcArako gAthA 336, 337, 342, ra 344 ke sAtha tulanA kiijie| ghora bhI aneka gAthAoM kA saMskRti rUpAntara kiyA gayA hai / vasunandI kA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI hai isase itanA to sunizcita hai ki guNabhUSaNa vasunandI ke bahuta bAda hue haiN| guNabhUSaNa ne jomana ke putra nemideva ke liye isakI racanA kI hai jisakA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai| nemideva vIrajinendra ke caraNa kamaloM kA bhakta heya upAdeya ke vicAroM meM nipuNa, ratnatraya ke dhAraka, dAnadAtA, Adi 1. vikhyAto'sti samastalokavasaye zrI mUlasaMgho'naghaH / tatrAdvinayendu tadabhutamatiH zrI sAgarendoH sutaH // 259 sacchiSyo'jani mohabhUbhRdA nistrailokyakIrtimuniH / sacchiSyo guNabhUSaNaH samabhavarasyAdvAdacUr3AmaNiH // 260 guNa 0pra0 2. dekho guNabhUSaNa zrAvakAcAra prazasti ke 261 se 267 taka ke padya /

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Yv rUpa se usake guNoM kI prazaMsA karate hue usakI maMgala kA kAmanA kI hai'| samaya-guNabhUSaNa ne grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyA, yataH anya sAdhanoM se usa para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| vinayacandra paM0 prAzAghara ke ziSya the, prANAdhara ne unheM dharmazAstra par3hAyA thaa| sAgaracandra ke ziSya vinayacandra ke lie iSTopadezamAdi prayoM kI TIkA kI thii| inhIM jinayacandra ke ziSya trailokya kIrti ke ziSTa guNabhUSaNa the / mataH guNabhUSaNa kA samaya vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha janatA ayyapA 1 I yaha mUla saMdhAnvayI puSparoma muni ke ziSya the| gravyayaM ne apane guru puSpasena kI bar3I prazaMsA kI hai, unheM 'anya matoSakAramathanaH' mora 'svAdvAda tejonidhiH' jaise vizeSaNoM se yukta prakaTa kiyA hai| isase ve bar3e bhArI vidvAna aura tapasvI jAna par3ate haiN| kavi ke pitA kA nAma karuNAkara thA, jo Avaka dharma ke pAlaka the| aura mAtA kA nAma 'arkAgyA' thA jo pativratA, puNyalakSmI aura cAritramUrti thii| inakA gotra kAzyapa thA aura ina donoM kA putra thApA, jo jina caraNa yugala ke ArAdhana meM tatpara thaa| jisane aneka zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA thA / mIra maMtra tathA auSadhiyoM kA bhI jJAtA thA, naya-vinayavAna thA, usane padmAvatI devI dvArA vara ke prasAda se 'jinendra kalyANAbhyudaya' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| isa bhrantha meM jinendra kI pratiSThA vidhi kA varNana kiyA hai| prazasti meM kavi ne catuvizatitIrthaMkaroM ko stuti ke bAda bhagavAna mahAvIra kI saMgha paramparA ke butapara AcAyoM kA ullekha karate hue kundakunda vAcaka umAsvAti (picchAcArya) samantabhadra, zivakoTi, zivAyana, pUjyapAda vIrasena janasena, guNabhadra candra, rAmasena, prakalaMka, vidyAnanda, mANikyanandi, prabhAcandra, rAmacandra vAsavacandra ghAdi kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. zrImad vIrajaneza pATakamale cetaH sadA / hepAdeva vicAropanipukhA buddhivana yasthAtmani / 265 dAnaM cokara kumale purAtati he zirasyunnatiH / rasnAnAM tritayaM idi sthitamaso nemicaraM maMdatu // 969 2. yonya matAndhakAramayanaH syAdvAdatejonidhiH / ' jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 --- jinendra kalyANAbhyudaya pra0 3. taM puSpasena devaM kaligozvaraM sadAvaMde | yasvapacasenA vidhAna bhavati kAmaduhAH // 31 tadIyasidhyo'jani dAkSiNAtyaH zrImAndvijanmAbhiSajAM variSThaH / jinendrapAdAmburuH sAdhArathamaM karuNAkarAH // 42 sasyaMva patnI kuladevate va patitAlaMkRta puSpalakSmI, gAmdA jati pratItaH patiH janAno // 53 tayorAsItsUnustadamalaguNADhyo sa binayo, jinendraH zrI pAdAmbupara adhItaH sAracANAmariyalamaNi maMtropavita, vipazci nita naya-vinayavAlA zrImUlakavitA khila sanmunInAM, zrIpAdapadmasarasaraha rAjahaMsaH / pApA iti kArayada mokyoM nApAka varavaMzasamudracandraH / / 54 itiSaH // 54 4. padmAvatI dattavaraprasAdAssA svataM prApya yudhAsyaM yena / jinendra kanyANa samAyo yaM granthobhyuSAsyabhyudayA: prabaMdhaH ||56 -tri0 kalyA0 pra0 - ji0 kalyANa0 pra0

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bhadra sUrivito yA kamaH / / terahavIM pora caudhahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya aura kavi kAravA zAstra bhaMDAra' kI prazasti meM grantha kA racanA kAla zaka saM01241 siddhArtha saMvatsara batalAyA hai| prayyapArya ne isa grantha kI racanA puSpasenAcArya ke prAdeza se zaka 1241 (san 1316) mAgha zuklA dazamI ravivAra ke dina puSpa nakSatra meM eka zaila nagara meM rudra kumAra ke rAjyakAla meM kI hai, jaisA ki usake nimna paJca se prakaTa hai : zAkAmde vidhuvedanetrahimage (1) siddhArtha sNvtsre| mAghemAsi vizaddha pakSa vazamI puNyArkara'hani / grantho rudrakumAra rAjya viSaye jainendra kalyANabhAka / sampUrNo'bhavadeka zailanagare zrIpAla bjitH|| kavi ne likhA hai jinasena guNabhadra, vasanandi, indranandi pAzAdhara aura hastimalla prAdi vidvAnoM dvArA kathita granthoM kA sAra lekara isa grantha kI racanA kI hai: vIrAcArya sapajyapAya jinasenAcArya sNbhaassito| yaH pUrva guNabhadra sUrivasunandondrAdina dhUrjitaH / yazcAzApara hastimalla kathito yazcaka saMdhIritaH / tebhyaH svahRtasAramAryaracitaH sthAjana pUjA kamaH // 16 yahI bAta grantha ko antima puSpikA vAkya se bhI spaSTa hai 'iti zrI sakala tAkikabakratizrIsamantabhadra munIzvara prabhUti kavi vRndAraka vandhamAna sarovara rAja iMsAyamAna bhagavavAhatapratimAbhiSeka vizeSa viziSTa gandhodakapavitrI kRtottamAle vAgyapAryeNa zrI puSpasenAcAryopadeza krameNa samyariSacArya pUrvazAsra myaH sAramutya viracitaH thI jinendra kalyANAmyudayAparanAmaSeyastri yazAmyudamohaMta pratiSThA pranthaH samAptaH / prastuta prazasti meM grantha kA racanAsthala eka zailanagara batalAyA hai, jo vartamAna varaMgala kA prAcIna nAma haivaraMgala ke aura bhI kaI nAma haiN| yaha prAcIna nagara tailaMga deza ko rAjadhAnI thaa| kAkateyoM ne isa para san 1110I0 se 1323 I0 taka rAjya kiyA hai / isI vaMza meM rudradeva hue hai / jAna par3atA hai rudradeva isa vaMza ke antima rAjA the| kyoMki isa grantha kI racanA san 1316-20I0 meM huI hai| usa samaya ve vahA~ zAsana kara rahe the| prataeva ayyapArya vi0 saM0 1376 ke vidvAna haiN| mAdhanandi yogIndra prastuta mAdhanandi mUlasaMgha-nandisaMghabalAtkAra gaNa ke vidvAna kumudendu yogI ke ziSya the| inheM san 1265 I0 4. See catalogse song krit and prakrit manuscripts in the cenintral Province and berari rAyabahAdura hIrAlAla dvArA sampAdita 2. hindI vizva koSa bhA0310 466 aura list of the - Aniquuarian remains in the Nizams, territories By consens. Another name of warrangalxx,is Akshalinagar, which in the of nar. consens is the same yekshilanagara,, -TheGeographycal dictionary of Anecent and Midicavai India Naudlal Day p. 8 3. anumakundapura, anumakanda paTTama, korukola (of Ptalemy) veNATaka, eka zela nagara aAdi (the geoprophical Cor's tionary (p. 262) 4. ruva deva kA zilAlekha JASB, 1834 P0103 sAya hI peof Wilsons Mackenzie collection p.16 5. The Jcopraphical dictionorp p. 8 6. baraMgalake kA katIyavaMzI eka rAjA xxx, I hindI vizvakopa bhAga 121627 /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 (vi0 saM0 1322) meM trikUTa ratnatraya zAntinAtha ke jinAlaya ke lie hoyasala nareza narasiMha dvArA ukta mAghanandi saMddhAntika ko 'kallanagere nAma kA gAMva dAna meM diyA gyaa| isa kAraNa isa jinAlaya ko trikaTa ratnapaya jinAlaya bhI kahate the| dora samudra ke jaina nAgarikoM ne bhI zAntinAtha kI bheMTa ke liye bhUmi aura dravya pradAna kiyA thaa| ina mAghanandi kI cAra racanAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| siddhAntasAra, zrAvakAcArasAra, padAryasAra aura zAstrasAra samuccaya mAghanandi yogIndraH siddhAntAmbodhi candramAH / pravIkaradvicitrArtha zAstrasArasamuccayam / / uktaM zrIsaMghalI gaanaa-kaapaapitH| bhImAghamandi siddhAntaH zAstrasAra samuccayam / / ye donoM padya daurbali jinadAsa zAstrI kI TIkA rahita prati meM diye haiN| inakA samaya 13vIM zatAbdI hai| inake ziSya kumudacandra bhaTTAraka the / zAstra samuccaya ke TokAkAra vaho mAghanandizrAvakAcAra ke kartA haiN| TokA kannar3a meM hai| premI jI ne likhA hai ki madrAsa ko proriyanTala lAyajherI meM 'pratiSThAkalpa TippaNa' yA jina saMhitA nAma kA eka grantha hai, usakI utthAnikA aura antima puSpikA se mAlama hotA hai ki pratiSThAkalpa TippaNa ke katI bAdi kumudacandra mAghanandi siddhAnta cakravartI ke ziSya the| vAdi kumuda candra yaha mAghanandi siddhAnta cakravartI ke putra the| aura pratiSThAkalpa ke kanAr3I TippaNakAra haiN| zrI mAghanandi siddhAnta cakravati tmubhvH| kamavenda rahaM vacmi pratiSThA kalpaTippaNam / / isa TippaNa ke anta meM likhA hai itizrI mAdhanandi sivAntacakravartI suta caviSa pANisya pati-zrI vAdi kumuvacandra paNDitadeva-viracite pratiSThA kalpa ttippnne-| isa puSpi kA vAkya meM vAdi madacandra ko spaSTa rUpa se 'sataura 'yA samAptaH padya meM 'tanubhava' likhA hai, jisase ve unake putra the| aura unakI upAdhi caturvidha pANDitya cakravartI yo mataH inakA samaya bhI vahI hai jo mAghanandi siddhAntacakravartI kA san 1265 (vi0 saM0 1322) hai| yaha vikrama kI 14 vo zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| kavi maMgarAja inakA janma sthAna vartamAna maMsUra rAjyAntargata mugalipura thaa| unheM ubhaya kavIza, kavi padma bhAskara aura sAhitya vadyA vidyAmbunidhi upAdhiyA~ prApta thiiN| yaha kannaDa aura saMskRta donoM bhASAmoM ke praur3a kavi the / aura jaina dharma ke pAlaka the| inakA samaya svargIya pAra0 narasiMhAcArya ne san 1360 I. ke lagabhaga batalAyA hai| inakI * kRti kA nAma 'khagendramaNi darpaNa hai| yaha eka baMdhaka grantha hai, isameM sthAvara viSoM kI prakriyA aura prAyaH sabhI viSoM kI cikitsA likhI hai| 1. jaina lekha saM0. bhAga- pR0 255 2. zrI mAghanandi siddhAnta tanubhakaH / kumudendurahaM vacmi pratiSThA kalpa TippaNam / 3. iti zrI mAghanandi siddhAnta cakravartI tanUbhava caturviSa pANDitya cakravartI zrIvAdi kumudacandra munIndra vicite jina maMhitA TippaNe pUjya-pUjapha. pUjakAcArya pUjAphala pratipAdanaM samAptam / /

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya aura kavi 446 gacar3a pakSI sapoM kA vairI hai vaha sarpa viSApahAraka hai, yaha loka meM prasiddha hai usA prakAra garuDamaNi bho loka meM viSa nivAraka mAnI jAtI hai| usI taraha yaha grantha bhI viSa dUra karane ke upAya ko batalAtA hai, isa kAraNa isakA yaha nAma anvarthaka jAna par3atA hai| yaha grantha kaMda ittoM meM racA gayA hai| kavi ne ise 'jIvita cintAmaNi' bhI batalAyA hai / kavi isa grantha ko puruSArtha catuSTadha kA kathana karane vAlA batalAtA hai| isameM 16 adhikAra haiN| jinameM viSa aura usake dUra karane ke upAyoM kA varNana hai| prathama adhikAra meM maMgala ke bAda sthAvara jagama aura kRtrima yAdi viSoM ke bheda, sarpo ko jAtiyAM, poSadhiyoM kA saMgraha kAla, bheda aura unakI zaktiyoM ke varNana ke sAtha sad vaidya aura durvedya ke lakSaNAdi batalAye gaye haiN| dUsare adhikAra meM sthAvara viSabheda, viSAkAnta lakSaNa aura unake parihAraka nasya, pAna, lepa aura aMjana pAdi ke auSadha aura aneka maMtra diye haiN| isI taraha anya saba adhikAroM meM 'viSa' ke daza prakAra, lakSaNa, unake bheda, viSApahAraka maMtra aura auSadhiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| anya yadi hindI artha ke sAtha prakAzita ho jAya to usakA parijJAna hindI bhASA bhASiyoM ko bhI sulabha ho jAyagA / grantha upayogI hai| grantha meM kavi ne apane se pUrvavartI kucha prAcAryoM grAdi kA nAmollekha kiyA hai pUjyapAda, vIrasena, kandakanda bhAnakAti, amaraka titanichaSya dharmabhUSaNa prAdi / paM0 vAmadeva yaha mUla saMgha ke bhaTTAraka vinayacandra ke ziSya, trailokyakoti ke ziSya aura muni lakSmIcandra ke ziSya ye inhoMne apane ko indravAma deva bhI likhA hai| paDita vAmadeva kA kula naMgama thaa| naMgama yA nigama kula kAyasthoM kA hai, isase spaSTa hai ki paMDita vAmadeva kAyastha the| aneka kAyastha vidvAna jaina dharma ke dhAraka hue haiN| jinameM haricandra, pacanAbha aura vijayanAtha mAthara prAdi kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| paMDita bAmadeva jaina dharma ke acche vidvAna, pratiSThAdi kAryo ke jAtA aura jina bhakti meM tatpara the / vAmadeva ne paMca saMgraha dIpaka kI prazasti meM apane ko-'nAnA zAstra vicAra kovida matiH zrI vAmadevaH kRtI' vAkya dvArA nAnA zAstra vicAra kovida mati prakaTa kiyA hai| inakI isa samaya tIna racanAeM upalabdha haiN| bhAvasaMgraha (saMskRta), 'trailokya dIpaka' pora paMca saMgraha dIpaka / inameM se kevala bhAvasaMgraha mANikacandra granthamAlA meM prakAzita huA hai| zeSa donoM racanAeM praprakAzita haiN| bhAvasaMgraha-prastuta grantha saMskRta bhASA kA padya grandha hai, jo 781 padyoM meM pUrNa hupA hai| yaha devasena ke prAkRta bhAvasaMgraha kA saMzodhita aura parivadhita anuvAda hai| yaha grantha mANikacandra grantha mAlA se prAkRta bhAva saMgraha ke sAtha prakAzita ho cukA hai| camaka dhAraka hue haiN| kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| jAtA aura jina 1. bhUyApajanasya vizvahitaH zrI mUlasaMghaH zriye, yatrAbhUdvinayenduragutaguNaH sacchIla dugdhArNavaH / tacchiSyo'jani bhadramatiramanastralokya kauti shshii| yenai kAntamahAtamaH pramathite syAvAvidyAkaraH // 779 raSTi svastaTinI mahogharapatinAdhicandrodayo, vRtta zrI kali keli hemanalina zAnti kSamA mandiram kAma svAtmarakSA prasanna hRdayaH saMgakSapA bhAskarastaniSya: kSitimaNDale vijayate lakSmIndu nAmAM muniH / / 780 zrI matsarvajJagUjAkaraNa pariNatastattvacintA rasAlo, lakSmIcandrAhi pana madhukara: zrI vAmadeva: supIH / utsasirpasya jAtA zazivizada kule naigamazrI vizAle / so'yaM jIyA prakAmaM jagati rasalasadbhAva zAstra praNetA // 781 -bhAva saMgraha prazasti

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450 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 trailokya dIpaka-isa grantha meM tIna loka ke svarUpa kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta grantha nemicandra middhAnta cakravartI ke trilokasAra kA saMskRta rUpAntara hai / use dekhakara hI isakI racanA ko gaI hai| isa grantha meM tIna adhikAra- adholoka-madhyaloka aura Urdhvaloka-ina tInoM adhikAroM ke zlokoM kI kula saMkhyA 1281 zloka pramANa hai| prathama adhikAra meM 205 zloka haiN| jinameM loka kA svarUpa batalAte hae likhA hai ki jisameM jova, pudagala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla kA saMghAta pAyA jAtA hai vaha loka hai / usa loka kA mAna do prakAra kA hai| lokikamAna aura lokottara bhAna / ina donoM mAnoM ke bheda-prabhedoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| dUsare adhikAra meM madhya loka kA varNana hai. jisako zloka saMkhyA 616 hai| madhya loka kA kathana karate hue dvIpa, samudroM ke valaya, vyAsa, sUcI vyAsa, sUkSma paridhi, sthala paridhi sakSama aura sthala phala Adi kA gaNita dvArA kathana kiyA hai / jambUdvIpa ke SaT kulAcala aura sapta kSetroM Adi kA gaNita dvArA vistAra ke sAtha varNana diyA hai| bhArata kSetra ke utsapiNI avasarpiNI ke SaT kAloM kA varNana karate hue, tIrthaMkaroM, cakravatiyoM, nArAyaNa prati nArAyaNa saTha zalAkA puruSoM kI Ayu, zarIrotsedha, aura vibhUti Adi kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai / madhyaloka ke kathana meM vyAsaparidhi, sUcI phala, kSetraphala aura ghanaphala Adi ke lAne ke lie karaNa sUtra bhI diye haiN| saMdRSTiyAM bhI yathAsthAna dI hai| Urdhvaloka ke varNana meM bhavanavAsI, vyantara jyotiSI aura kalpavAsI, devoM kA varNana, Ayu, zarIrotsedha, parivAra, vibhava, kathana saMkhyA, vistAra utsedha Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha saba trilokasAra ke anusAra kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne yaha grantha nemideva kI prArthanA se banAyA hai| jo puravADavaMza meM samasta rAjAmoM ke dvArA mAnanIya kAmadeva nAma kA rAjA huA / usakI patnI kA nAma nAmadevI thA, jisase rAma aura lakSmaNa ke samAna jomana aura lakSmaNa nAma ke do putra hue the| paMca saMgraha dIpaka kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki jomana kI putrI bar3I guNAgra aura dharmArAma rUpa vRkSa kI vadhikA, sarvajJapadAraviniratA, sahAna cintAmaNI, aura vratazIla niSThA thii| prazasti padya ke antima akSara truTita hone se usakA nAma zAta nahIM ho sakA jaisA ki usake patha se prakaTa hai| jomana kA putra nemideva thA, usakI mAtA kA nAma padmAvatI thA | nemideva jinacaraNasebo aura samyakava se vibhUSita thaa| bar3A udAra nyAyo, vAnI, sthira yaza vAlA aura pratidina jinadeva kI pUjA karatA thaa| ukta nemideva ke anurodha se hI grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai / grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyaa| isako eka prAcIna prati saM0 1436 meM phIrojazAha tug2alaka ke samaya kI yoginIpura (dillI meM likhI huI 86 patrAtmaka upalabdha hai| jo bhatizaya kSetra mahAbIra jI ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai| usase jAna par3atA hai ki trilokadopaka saM0 1436 se pUrva racA gayA hai / - --- - -- - - - - - 1. astyatra vaMza: puravAr3a saMzaH samasta pRthvIpati mAnanIya: / tyAlA svakIyA suraloka lakSmI devA apIcchanti hi yatra janma // 63 taSa prasiddho'jani kAmadevaH patnI ca tasyA jani naamdevii| putro tayo|mana lakSmaNAsmo babhUvatuH rASava sakSmaNAviva / / 64 -lokya dopaka pra0 2. jomaNasya duhitA jAtA guNAgresarA / dharmArAmataro: pravardhana sudhAkalpaika pumyoha kA / thI savaMgapadAraviniratA saddAna citAmaNIzcArisa vrata devatA muviditA zrI vAide........" / 221 --anekAntavarSa 23 ki. 4 pR. 146 3. pamAvato putra pavitravaMzaH kSIrodacandrAmalayoH yayAsya / tanorahaH zrIjinapAdasevI sa naimidevApicaramatra jIyAt / / -paMca saM0 dIpaka zAMtinAtha senabhaMDAra khamAta 4. dekho, Amera zAstrabhaMgara jayapura kI sUcI pR0 218 anya0 naM. 306 prati naM. 2

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya aura kavi paMcasaMgraha vIpaka isa ganya kI 104 patrAtmaka tADapatrIya prati khaMbhAta ke zvetAmbarIya zAntinAthasena bhaMDAra meM naM0 135 upalabdha hai| usase jJAta hotA hai ki yaha nemicandra siddhAnta candravartI ke gommaTasAra aparanAma paMcasaMgraha kI saMskRta iloka baddha racanA hai, jaisA ki usake prArambhika nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai : siddhaM zaddha jitAdhIzaM nemIzaM guNabhUSaNam / na svA pranthaM pravakSyAmi 'paMcasaMgraha dopakam // 1 // nemicandra munIntraNa yaH kRtaH paMcasaMgrahaH / sa cava zloka baMdhena pravyaktI kiyate mayA // 2 // bandhako badhyamAnaM ca baMdha vaastthestaa| hetayazceti pacAnAM saMgraho'bha prakAzate // 3 // yastA baMdhako jodhaH sad satkarmaNAM svayam / tasamvarUya prakAzAya vizatiH syu prarUpaNA // 4 // gaNa jIvAzca paryApti prANasaMjJAzca maargnnaa| upayoga samA yuktA bhabyetA-prarUpaNA // 5 // mArgaNA guNa-bhedAmlA phavato ke prruupnne| mArgaNAMtargatAzeSAH jIva mukhyAH prruupnnaaH||6|| gommaTasAra kA iloka baddha yaha saMskRtikaraNa aba taka dekhane meM nahIM AyA thA / sva. munizrI puNyavijaya jI ne khaMbhAta ke zAMtinAtha sena bhaMDAra kI sUcI bhAga. 2 meM na. 136 meM paMcasaMgaha dIpaka kA iloka baddha' nAma se pariSaya diyA hai| yaha tADapatra prati 13vIM zatAbdI kI likhI huI hai| iti zrItaSAmadeva viracite 'puravATa vaMza vizeSaka zrI nemideva yazaHprakAzake paMcasaMgraha pradIpake baMdhaka svarUpa pra (prarUpiNo nAma) prathamo adhikaarH| yaha prati saMbhavataH granya racanA ke samaya kI yA prAsa-pAsa kI raco huI jAna par3atI hai| cUMki vinayacandra paMDita mAzAdhara jI ke ziSya the, unhoMne vinayacandra ko dharmazAstra par3hAyA thaa| vinayacandra ke ziSya lokya kIti ke ziSya lakSmIcandra the / ina lakSmIcandra ke ziSya vAmadeva ne isa grantha kI racanA kii| paM0 prAzAdhara jI 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| ataeva usake bAda vAmadeva kA samaya honA caahie| prataH vAmadeva kA samaya vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI jAna par3atA hai| amarakoti yaha aindravaMza ke prasiddha vidvAna the| jo vidya kahalAte the| yaha apane samaya ke acche vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| inakA banAyA huaA dhanaMjaya kavi kI nAmamAlA kA bhASya bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai| usa grantha kI puSpikA meM unheM vidya mahA paMNDita aura zabda veghasa batalAyA hai| bhASya ko dekhane se amarakAta vividha granthoM ke abhyAsI jJAta hote haiN| "iti mahApamita zrImavamarakotinA vidya na zrIsendravaMzotpannena zabda vebhasA kRtAyAM dhanaMjaya nAma mAlAyAM prathama kANDaM vyAkhyAtam" i See - No 1.19 Panchasangarha Dipak Slok Bandha, Folios 104 Extent Granthas Age M.S Firasta Play of 13th exet 4S-Shautinatha Sain Bhandar Cornbay -anekAnta varSa 23 ki.450946

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152 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa--bhAga 2 prastuda koza kA bhASya likhate hue amarakIti ne parama bhaTrAraka yazaHkIti, amarasiMha, halAyudha, indranandI, somadeva, hemacandra paura AzAghara prAdi ke nAmoM kA ullekha karate hue mahApurANa sUkta muktAvalI, hemInAmamAlA, yazastilaka, indranandI kA nIti sAra aura pAzAdhara ke mahAbhiSeka pATha kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| inameM pAzAghara kA samaya saM0 1246 se 1300 taka hai| ataH amarakIti isake bAda ke vidvAna Thaharate haiN| yaha 13voM zatAbdo ke upAntya samaya ke yA 14vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke vidvAna hone caahie| hastimalla ina ke pitA kA nAma govinda bhadra thA, jo vatsagotrI dakSiNI brAhmaNa the| unhoMne prAcArya samantabhadra ke 'devAgamastotra' ko sunakara saddaSTi prApta kI thI--sarvathA ekAntarUpa mithyAdRSTi kA parityAga kara anekAntarUpa samyakadRSTi ke zraddhAlu bane the| unake chaha putra dhe-zrI kumAra, satyavAkya, devara ballabha, udayabhUpaNa, hastimalla aura brdhmaan'| ye sabhI putra saMskRtAdi bhASAoM ke marmajJa aura kAdhya-zAstra ke acche jAnakAra evaM kavi the| hastimAla kavi kA asalI nAma nahIM hai| asalI nAma kucha aura hI rahA hogaa| yaha nAma unheM saraNyApura meM eka madonmatta hAthI ko vaza meM karane ke kAraNa pANDya rAjA dvArA prApta huA thaa| usa samaya rAja sabhA meM unakA aneka prazaMsA vAkya se satkAra kiyA gayA thaa| hasti yuddha kA ullekha subhadrA nATaka meM kavi ne svayaM kiyA hai| usameM jina muni kA rUpa dhAraNa karane vAle kiso dhurta ko bhI parAsta karane kA ullekha hai| kavi ke sarasvatI svayaMvara vallabha, mahA kavi tallaja aura 'sUktiratnAkara' viruda the| kavi hastimalla gRhastha vidvAna the| inake putra kA nAma pAzvaM paMDita yA / jo apane pitA ke samAna hI yazasvI, zAstra marmaza aura dharmAtmA thaa| hastimalla ne apanI korti ko loka vyApI banA diyA thaa| paura syAnAdazAsana dvArA vizuddha kIti kA arjana kiyA thaa| ve puNya mUrti aura azeSa kavi cakravartI kahalAte the| tathA paradAdirUpa hastiyoM ke liye siMha the / ataeva hastibhalla isa sArthaka nAma se lAka meM vizruta the| inheM aneka viruva prathavA upAdhiyAM prApta thIM, jinakA samullekha kavi ne svayaM vikrAnta kaurava nATaka meM kiyA hai| 'rAjA valokathe' ke kartA kavi devacandra ne hastimAla ko 'ubhaya bhASA kavicakravartI sUcita kiyA hai| kavivara hastimalla ne svayaM apane ko kanar3I Adi purANa kI puSpikA meM ubhaya bhASA cakravartI likhA hai| aisA jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa se jJAta hotA hai| isase ve saMskRta aura kanar3I bhASA ke praur3ha vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| unake nATaka to kavi kI pratibhA ke saMdyotaMka haiM ho, kintu jaina sAhitya meM nATaka paramparA ke janmadAtA haiN| mere khyAla meM zAyada usa samaya taka nATaka racanA nahIM huI thii| kavivara hastimalla ne isa kamI ko dUra kara jaina samAja kA bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| yaha usa samaya vikanta kaurava vikantakauna 1. govinda bhaTTa ityaasiidvidvaagmishyaatvjitH| devAgamana sUtrasyazrutyA saddarzanAnvitaH / anekAntamataM tattvaM bahubhene vidAMvara, nandanAtasya saMjAtA vAdhikAkhinakovidaH / / dAkSiNAtyA jayantyatra svarNayakSIprasAdataH, zrIkumArakaviH satyavAkyo devaravallamaH / / udyadbhUSaNanAmA ca istimallAbhidhAnakAH; varSamAnakavi vi SaD bhUvan kavIzvaraH / 2. zrIvatsagotrajanabhUSaNagopabhapremakathAmatanujo bhuvihastiyuddhAt / nAnA kAlAmbunidhipANDacamahIzvareNa palokaH zatassadasi satkRtavAn babhUva / / 2. samyaktvaM suparIkSitaM bhavagaje mukte srnnyaapure| cAsminpANDyamahezvareNa kapaTAddhantu syamabhyAgate (t)| zaMkhUSaM jinamudadhAriNamapAsyAsau madaSvaMsinA / zlokenApimadebhamalla iti yaH prakhyAtavAnsUribhiH ||-subhdraa, samyaktvasya parIkSArtha muktaM mattamataM jam / ya: saraNyApure jitvA hastimalleti kIrtitaH / / 4. 'ityubhapApA kavicAbati hastimAla viracita pUrvapurANa mahAkathAyAM vaamprvm|" -Adi pu0 puNikA

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tairahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya aura kavi 453 ke kaviyoM meM to agraNI the hI, kintu nATakoM ke praNayana meM bhI dakSa prApake jyeSThabhrAtA satya vAkya ApakI saktiyoM ko bar3I prazaMsA kiyA karate the| hastimalla ne pANDya nareza kA paneka sthAnoM para ullekha kiyA hai, para unhoMne unake nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| ve unake kRpApAtra the aura unakI rAjadhAnI meM apane vidvAna prAptajanoM ke sAtha prA base the| pANDava nareza ne sabhA meM unakA khUba sammAna kiyA thaa| pANDya nareza apane bhujabala se karnATaka pradeza para zAsana karate the| brahmasUri ne pratiSThA sAroddhAra meM likhA hai ki ve svayaM hastimAla ke vaza meM hae haiM, unhoMne unake parivAra ke sambandha meM bhI prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne likhA hai ki pANDyadeza meM dIpa guDipattana ke zAsaka pANDya rAjA the| ve bar3e dharmAtmA, vIra, kalAkuzala aura vidvAnoM kA prAdara karate the| vahAM bhagavAna mAdinAtha kA ratna suvarNa jaTita sundara mandira thA, jisameM vizAkhanaMdI Adi vidvAna muni rahate the| kavi ke pitA govindabhaTTa yahIM ke nivAsI the| pANDayarAjAghoM kA rAjya dakSiNa kArnATaka meM rahA hai| kAkila vagairaha bhI usameM zAmila the| isa deza meM jainadharma kA acchA prabhAva rahA hai| isa vaMza meM prAyaH sabhI rAjA janadharma para prema aura AsthA rakhate the| kavi hastimalla vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| karnATaka kavi caritra ke kartA pAra.narasiMhAcArya ne hastimalla kA samaya IsA kI 13cIM zatAbdI kA uttarArgha 1260 aura vikrama saM0 1347 nizcita kiyA hai| racanAeM kavi kI sAta racanAeM upalabdha haiN| vikrAntakaurava, maithilI kalyANa, aMjanApavanaMjaya aura subhadrA / ye cAroM nATaka mANika candra graMthamAlAmeM prakAzita ho cake haiN| pratiSThA pAThapArA jaina siddhAntabhavana meM hai maura do racanAeM kannaDa bhASA kI haiM adipurANa aura zra puraann| inakI mUla pratiyAM / mulabidrI paura varAMga jana maThoM meM pAI jAtI haiN| kannaDa Adi purANa kA paricaya DA0e0ena0 upAdhye ne aMgrejI meM hastimalla eNDa hija mAdipurANa nAmaka lekha meM karAyA hai| paM. narasena inhoMne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyaa| inakI do kRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| siddhacakrakaSA paura jiNarati. vihANa kthaa| sika kathA (zrIpAla carita)-isa grantha meM siddhAcakra vratake mAhAtmya ko vyakta karane vAlo kathA dI huI hai| campA nagarI ke rAjA zrIpAla azubhodaya vasa aura unake sAtaso sAthI bhayaMkara kuSTa roga se pIr3ita ho ge| roga kI vaddhi ho jAne para unakA nagara meM rahanA asahya ho gyaa| unake zarIra kI durgadha se janatA kA vahAM rahanA bhI dUbhara ho gayA / taba janatA ke anurodha se unhoMne apanA rAjya apane cAcA aridamana ko de diyA aura 1. ki boNAguNajhaMkRtaH kimayavA sAmaghuspandibhivibhrAmyatsahakArakorakazikhAkaravitasarapi / paryAptAH zravaNotsavAya kavitAsAmrAjyalakSmIpate / satya nastava hastimallasubhagAstAstAH sadAsUktayaH ||-mai00 nA. 2. dIpaMguDI pattanamastitasmin hAvalItoraNarAzigopuraiH / manoharAgArasuratnasaMbhTatarudyAnarmAtyamarAvatIba / / 3 tadrAja rAjendrasupANDayabhUpaH kauA jagatacApitavAna sudharmA 1 rarAja bhUmAthiti nissapatnaH kalanvitaH sadvivadhaiH parItaH // 4 tatrAsti sadratnasurvargatuMgacaityAlaye zrIvapazvaro jinaH / vizAkhanandIdA munIdramukhyA:saTrAstrayanto munayoM vasanti / / 5 pragni saMgraha, Aga pR0 169

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454 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa- mAga 2 kahA ki jaba merA roga ThIka ho jAyegA, taba maiM apanA rAjya vApisa le lU~gA / zrIpAla apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha nagara chor3a kara cale gae, aura aneka kaSTa bhogate hue ujjana nagara ke bAhara jaMgala meM Thahara ge| vahAM kA rAjA apane ko hI saba kucha mAnatA thA karmoM ke phala para usakA vizvAsa nahIM thA / usako putrI maMnA sundarI ne jaina sAdhunoM ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana kiyA thA karmasiddhAnta kA use acchA parijJAna ho gayA thaa| usakI jainadharma para bar3I zraddhA aura bhakti thI! sAtha hI sAdhvI aura zIlavatI thii| rAjA ne use apanA pati cunane ke liye kahA, parantu usane kahA ki yaha kArya zIlavatI putriyoM ke yogya nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM Apa hI svayaM nirNaya kreN| rAjA ne usake uttara se asantuSTa ho usakA vivAha kuSTa rogI dhopAla ke sAtha kara diyaa| maMtriyoM ne nadata samabhAyA parantu usa para rAjA ne koI dhyAna na diyaa| nidAna kucha hI samaya meM mainA sundarI ne, siddha cakra kA pATha bhakti bhAva se sampanna kiyA aura jinendra ke abhiSeka jala se una saba kA kuSTha roga dUra ho gyaa| aura ve sukhapUrvaka rahane lage / pazcAt zrIpAla bAraha varSa ke liye videza calA gayA, vahAM bhI usane karma ke aneka zubhAzubha pariNAma dekhe aura bAhmavibhUti ke sAtha bAraha varSa bAda manAsundarI se prA milaa| use paTarAnI banAyA aura campApura jAkara cAcA se apanA rAjya vApisa lekara prajA kA sukhapUrvaka pAlana kiyA / anta meM tapa dvArA grAtma-lAbha kiyaa| isa kathAnaka se siddhacakra kI mahattA kA AbhAsa milatA hai| racanA sundara aura saMkSipta hai / kathAnaka rocaka hone ke kAraNa isa para aneka granthakAroM kI vibhinna kRtiyAM pAI jAtI haiN| grantha meM racanA kAla aura racanA sthala kA ullekha nahIM hai| jinarAtri kathA-ise bardhamAna kathA bhI kahA jAtA hai| jisa rAtri meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne praSTa karma kA nAzakara avinAzI pada prApta kiyA usa vrata kI yaha kathA zivarAtri ke DhaMga para racI gaI hai| usa rAtri meM janatA ko icchAmoM para niyaMtraNa rakhate hue prAtma-zodhana kA prayatna karanA cAhiye / racanA sarasa hai| kavi ne racanA meM apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyA aura ma guru paramparA tathA samayAdi kA koI ullekha hI kiyA hai| isase kavi ke sambandha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM prApta ho skii| siddhacakra kathA kI prati saM01512 likhI huI upalabdha hai, usa se itanA to sunizcita hai ki grantha ukta saMvat se pUrva bana cukA thaa| saMbhavataH grantha 14vIM zatAbdI ke pAsa-pAsa kahIM racA gayA jAna par3atA hai| suprabhAcArya inakA koI paricaya prApta nahIM hai| inakI ekamAtra kRti 77 dohAtmaka vairAgyasAra hai| jisameM saMsAra ke padArthoM kI asAratA dikhalAte hue vairAgya ko puSTa kiyA gayA hai| dohoM kA artha vyakta karane vAlI ajJAta kartRka eka saMskRta TIkA bhI hai, jo jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhAga 16 kiraNa 2 aura bhAga 17 kiraNa 1 meM prakAzita hai| dohA upadezika hai| pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke liye usameM se kucha dohA bhAvAnuvAda ke sAtha nIce diye jAte haiN| bhASA sarala kathanI sambodhAtmaka haiN| grantha kA pahalA padya hI vairAgyabhAva kA pratipAdana karatA hai| saMsAra meM jahAM eka ghara meM badhAI maMgalAcAra ho rahe haiM vahIM dUsare ghara meM ghAr3amAra-mAra kara royA jA rahA hai| kavi suprabhaparamArthabhAvase kahatA hai ki aisI viSama sthiti meM vairAgya bhAva kyoM dhAraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA? ikkahi ghare badhAmaNA praNahi ghari dhAhahi rovijji| paramatmAI suppaTa bhaNai, kima baharAyAbhAu ma kijjaha // 1 sAMsArika viSayoM kI asthiratA aura saMsAra kI duHkhabahulatA kA pratipAdana karate hae kavi prabha kahate hai| ki he dhAmiko ! dazavidha dharma se skhalita mata hoyo, sUryodaya ke samaya jo zubha graha the| ve sUryAsta ke hone para zmazAna ho ge| suppau bhaNahare dhammipara khasaha ma dhmmviyaanni| je sUramgami dhavalahari te aMthakSaNa masANa // 2 kavi suprabha kA kahanA hai ki paropakAra karanA mata chor3a, kyoMki saMsAra kSaNika hai jaba candramA aura maya bhI asta ho jAte haiM taba anya kauna sthira raha sakatA hai|

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terahavIM aura caudahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna, AcArya aura kavi sappau bhaNaimA pariharaha para uSayAra gharatyu / sasi-sUra vuha graMthaNi aNNa haM kavaNa cirasyu // 3 yaha jIva gurutara gaMbhIra pApa karake zarIra saMrakSaNArtha dhana kA saMcaya karatA hai, kavi suprabha kahate hai ki dhana rakSita vaha zarIra dina para dina galatA jAtA hai, aisI avasthA meM dhana-dhAnyAdi anya parigraha kaise nitya ho sakate haiN| jasa kAraNi dhana saMbai pAva kare vighiiru| taM pichaha surapau bhaNai, diNi diNi galaha sarIru // 36 jo puruSa dInoM ko dhana detA hai. sajjanoM ke guNoM kA Adara karatA hai| aura mana ko dharma meM lagAtA hai| kavi suprabha kahate haiM ki vidhi bhI usakI dAsatA karatA hai| dhaNu dINahaM guNa sajjaNahaM maNu dhammahaM jo deh| taha parise supaja bhaNai vihI vAsattu koi // 38 jisa taraha apane ballabha (priya) kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaisA yadi arahaMta kA dhyAna kiyA jAya to kavi suprabha kahate haiM ki taba manuSyoM ke ghara ke prAMgana meM hI svarga ho jaay| jima bhAijjai vallahau timAha jiya arihaMtu / sampau bhaNai te mANasahaM saggu dhariMgaNa hutu // isa taraha yaha vairAgya sAra dohA bhAvAtmaka upadeza kA sundara grantha hai| dohoM kI bhASA hindI ke pratyanta najadIka hai| isase yaha grantha 14vIM zatAbdI kA jAna par3atA hai| vidyAnanda mUlasaMgha blaatkaargnn| sasvatIgaccha kundakundAnvayaM ke vidvAna rAya rAjagurumaMDalAcArya mahA vAdavAdIzvara sakala vidvajjana cakravartI siddhantAcArya pUjyapAda svAmI ke ziSya the| zaka saM0 1313 yA 1314 (san 1392 I0) aMgirasa saMvatsara meM phAlguna mahIne ke kRSNa pakSa kI dazamI zanIvAra ke dina vidyAnanda ke nAma para niSidhi kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thaa| ata: malakheDa ke yaha vidyAnanda IsA kI 15vIM sadI ke vidvAna hai| __ jainijma ina sAutha iMDiyA pR0422 bhAskaranandI prastuta bhAskaranandI sarvasAdhu ke praziSya aura muni jinacandra ke ziSya the| jaisA 'sUkhaboSA' nAmaka tattvArthavRtti ko prazasti ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai : "no niSThovegna zete vati ca na paraM ehiyAhIti jAtu / no kampayeta mAtra vrajati na nizi nottaattyevdvaanpte| nAvaSTaM mnAti kiJcida gaNanidhiriti yo bvpryyogH| karavA saMnyAsamante zabhagatirabhavatsarvasAdhu prapUjyaH // 2 tasyAsItsuvisavRSTivibhavaH siddhaaNtpaarNgtH| ziSyaH zrIjinacandranAmakalitazcAritra bhvaanvitH|| ziSyo bhAskaranandhinAvidhastasyA bhavattatvavita tenAkAri sukhAdibodhaviSayA tatvAryavRttiH sphaTa / bhAskaranandI' nAma ke eka vidvAna kA ullekha lakSmezvara (maMsUra) ke san 1077-78 ke lekha meM milatA 1. eka bhAskaranandI kA ullekha pArA jaina siddhAnta bhavana kI nyAya madacandra kI lipi prati meM soyanandI praziSya aura devanandI ke ziSya bhAskaranandI kA uslekha hai, jo kSamase mitra hai| (anekAnta varSa 1 pR. 133

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 656 hai| sUrasthagaNa ke zrInandipaMDita deva tathA unake bandhu bhAskaranandi paMDitadeva ke samAdhimaraNa kA ullekha hai / ( jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 4 pR0 113) / jinacandra nAma ke bhI aneka vidvAna ho gae haiM : eka jinacandra kA ullekha saM0 1226 ke vijoliyA ke zilAlekha meM hai jo lolAka ke guru the / kalasApura (maisUra) ke san 1976 ke zilAlekha meM bAlacandra kI guruparamparA meM gopanandi caturmukhadeva ke bAda jinacandra kA ullekha hai| zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM0 56 meM eka yogi jinacandra kA ullekha hai| cauthe jinacandra ve hai / jinakA saM0 1448 (san 1392 ) ke lekha meM jinacandra bhaTTAraka ke dvArA mUrti sthApanA kA ullekha hai| pAMcave jinacandra ve haiM jinakA ullekha mAdhavanandI kI guru paramparA meM guNacandra ke bAda jinacandra kA nAma diyA hai| chaThe jinacandra bhAskaranandi ke guru haiN| aura sAtaveM jinacandra mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke padhara hai, jo saM0 1507 meM pratiSThita hue the| inakA samaya vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI hai / ina jinacandroM meM se kauna se jinacandra bhAskaranandi ke guru the, yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai| bhAskaranandi ne apanI sukhabodhavRtti ke tIsare adhyAya ke tosare sUtra kI TIkA meM nimna padya uddhRta kiyA :- jo uDDhA ke saMskRta paMca saMgraha ke jIva samAsa prakaraNa kA 168 vAM padya hai| dviSkapotAtha kA potA mIla nIlA ca madhyamA / nIlAkRSNe ca kRSNAti kRSNaratnaprabhAdiSu // 3 paMca saM0 1-160 pR0 670 isake atirikta bhAskara nandI ne caturtha adhyAya ke dUsare sUtra kI TIkA meM nimna padya uddhRta kiye haiM"lezyA yogapravRttiH syAtkaSAyodaya raJjitAH / bhAvato dravyato'Ggasya chaviH SoDhomato tu sA // 1-184 " SaDlezyAMgA mase'nyeSAM jyotiSakA bhaumabhAvanAH / kApotamudgagomUtra varNaleiyA nilAjinaH // 1-160 "zyAzcatuSu SaT ca syustistilaH zubhAstriSu / guNasthAneSu zuklaMkA SaTaSu nilazyamamtimam / / 1 - 165 zrAdyAstistropya paryApteSva saMkhyeyAgvaM jIviSu / lezyAH kSAyika saMdRSToM kApotAsyA jjaghanyakA" // 1-116 SaTTa-tiyaMbhu tistro'ntyAsteSva saMkhyAya jIviSu / ekAkSa vikalA saM ziSyAdya lezyAtrayaM matam / / 1-167 bahuta bAda hue haiM / isase spaSTa hai ki bhAskaranandi ne ukta padya ur3atA ke saMskRta paMcasaMgraha se uddhRta kiye haiN| uDDhA kA samaya vikrama ko 11vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvA hai| dhaura bhAskaranandi usake zAntirAja zAstrI ne 'sukhabodhAvRtti' kI prastAvanA meM bhAskaranandI kA samaya IsA kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga batalAyA hai| merI rAya meM inakA samaya vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI honA saMbhava hai grantha sAmane na hone se usa para isa samaya vizeSa vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / bhAskaranandI kI dUsarI kRti dhyAnastava hai| jisameM bhaya prazasti padyoM ke 100 padya haiM, jinameM dhyAna kA varNana kiyA hai isakA dhyAna se samIkSaNa karane para usavara tattvAnuzAsanAdigranthoM kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / 1. jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 4 pR0 201 2. jaina lekha saMgraha bhA0 10 115 3. jaina lekha saM0 bhA0 4 pR0 207

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chaThA adhyAya 15vIM, 16vIM, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi kavi raidhU kaSi govinda haricandra agravAla kavi koTIzvara bhaTTAraka padhanandI paMDita khetA bhaTTAraka yazaHkIti bhaTTAraka jJAnabhaSaNa muni kalyAraNakIti kavi dAmodara bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra nAgacandra bhAzubhakIti prabhinaya samantabhadra kavi maMgarAja (tRtIya) bha0 guNabhatra somadeva brahma zrutasAgara pacanAbha kAyastha brahma nemidatta kaSi panapAla abhinava dharmabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka sakalakIti bha0 vidyAmandi paNDita rAmacandra bha0 zrutakIti nAgadeva kavi mANikyarAja cArukIti paNDitaveva kavi tejapAla lakSmIcandra bha0 somakoti kavi halla yA haricandra ajita brahma kaci asavAla kavi ThakurasI brahma sAdhAraNa brahma jI baMdhara budha vijayasiMha paM. nemicandra (pratiSThA tilaka ke pal) bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kavi dharmadhara bha0 ranakIrti paM0 haricandra paMDita yogadeva paM0 meghAvI kavi jalhiga kavi mahAcandra nemacandra bha0 prabhAbandra paNDita nemicandra bha0 zubhacandra bha. zubhacandra bha0 amarakIti kavi bhAskara vIra kavi yA budhavIra bha0 kamalakoti kavi voDDayya kavi candrasena paMDita jinavAsa

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*4** brahma kRSNa yA kezavasena sUri vAdicandra kavi rAjamalla zAha ThAkura bhaTTAraka vizvasena bhaTTAraka vidyAbhUSaNa bha0 zrIbhUSaNa bha0 candrakoti bha0 sakalabhUSaNa bha0 dharmakIti bha0 guNacandra bha0 ratanacandra yAdi vidyAnanda brahma kAmarAja brahma rAyamalla bha0 jJAnakIti paNDita rUpacandra sumatikIti bhaTTakalaMkadeva kavi bhagavatIdAsa bha0 siMhanAdI paNDita zivAbhirAma paNDita prakSayarAma kavi nAgava paM0 jagannAtha kavi bAvirAja zraruNamaNi (lAlamaNi ) bha0 deveti bha0 dharmacandra vimalabdha jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-2

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456 15vI, 16vauM, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi kavivara raighU kavivara raidha saMghAdhiya devarAya ke pautra aura harisiMgha ke putra the, jo vidvAnoM ko AnandadAyaka the, aura mAtA kA nAma 'vijayasiri' (vijayazrI) thA jo rUpalAvaNyAdi guNoM se alaMkRta hote hue bhI zola saMyamAdi sadagaNoM se vibhUSita thii| kavivara kI jAti panAvatI puravAla thI aura kavivara ukta padmAvatI kUlarUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle divAkara (sUrya) the jaisAki 'sammaijinacarita' graMtha ko prazasti ke nimna vAkyoM se prakaTa hai-- sa devarAya saMghAhiba gaMvaNa, harisiMghu buhamaNa kula, praannNdnnu| 'pomAvA kula kamala-vivAyara, harisiMghu buhayaNa kula, praannNvnnu| jassa gharija raghu baha jAyau, vess-sty-guru-py-annuraayu||' ___ kavivara ne apane kula kA paricaya 'pomAvaikula' pomAvai 'puravADavaMsa' jaise vAkyoM dvArA karAyA hai| jisase ve padmAvatI purabAla nAma ke kula meM samutpanna hue the| janasamAja meM caurAsI upajAtiyoM ke astitva kA unjesa galatA hai| unameM kitIhI pAriyoM kA astitva bAja nahIM miltaa| kiMtu ina caurAsI jAtiyoM meM aisI kitanI hI upajAtiyAM athavA vaMza haiM jo pahale kabhI bahuta kucha samUDa aura sampanna rahe haiN| kiMtu grAja ve utane samukha evaM vaibhavazAlI nahIM dikhate aura kitane hI vaMza evaM jAtiyAM prAcIna samaya meM gauravazAlI rahI hai kiMtu mAja ukta saMkhyA meM unakA ullekha bhI zAmila nahIM hai| jaise dharkaTa yaadi| ina caurAsI jAtiyoM meM padmAvatI puravAla bhI eka upajAti hai, jo AgarA, mainapurI, eTA, gvAliyara mAdi sthAnoM meM prAbAda hai / inakI janasaMkhyA bhI kaI hajAra pAI jAtI hai| vartamAna meM yaha jAti bahuta kucha pichar3I huI hai to bhI isameM kaI pratiSThita vidvAna haiN| ve Aja bhI samAja-sevA ke kArya meM lage hue haiN| yadyapi isa jAti ke vidvAn apanA udaya brAhmaNoM se batalAte haiM aura apane ko devanandI (pUjyapAda) kA santAnIya bhI prakaTa karate haiM, parantu itihAsa se unakI yaha kalpanA kevala kalpita jAna par3atI hai| isake do kAraNa haiN| eka to yaha ki upajAtiyoM kA itivRtta abhIgaMdhakAra meM hai| jo kucha prakAza meM prA pAyA hai, usake prAcAra se usakA astitva vikrama kI dazamo zatI se pUrva kA jJAta nahIM hotaa| ho sakatA hai ki usake bhI pUrvavartI rahI hoM, parantu binA kisI prAmANika AdhAra ke isa sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA jA rAkatA, paTTAvalI vAlA dUsarA kAraNa bhI prAmANika pratIta nahIM hotA, kyoMki paTTAvalI meM prAcArya pUjyapAda (devanandI) ko padmAvatI-puravAla likhA hai, parantu prAcIna aitihAsika pramANoM se unakA padmAvatI-puravAla honA pramANita nahIM hotA, kAraNa ki devanandI brAhmaNa kula meM samutpanna hue the| jAti aura gotroM kA adhikAMza vikAsa athavA nirmANa gAMva, nagara aura deza Adi ke nAmoM para se hamA hai| udAharaNa ke lie sAMbhara ke pAsa-pAsa ke bagherA sthAna se bagheravAla, pAlI se pallobAla, khaNDelA se khaNDelavAla, amrohA se agravAla, jAyasa athavA jaisA se jaisavAla aura osA se mosavAla jAti kA nikAsa hA hai| tathA caMderI ke nivAsI hone se canderiyA, candavADa se cAMdubADa yA cAMdavADa aura padmAvatI nagarI se padmAvatiyA mAdigotroM evaM mara kA udaya hA hai| isI taraha anya kitanI hI jAtiyoM ke sambaMdha meM prAcIna lekhoM, tAmrapatroM, sikkoM, granthaprazastiyoM aura granthoM mAdi para se unake itivRtta kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai| --- - - - - 1. harisiMghahu putteM guNagaNa juttaM haMsivi vijayasiri pdnnenn| -samatta guNanidhAna jaina granya pra0, prastA. bhA0 pR067 2. yaha jAti jaina samAja meM gauravazAlinI rahI hai| isameM aneka pratiSThita zrIsampanna zrAvaka paura vidvAna hue haiM jinako kRtiyAM Aja bhI apane astitva se bhUtala ko samalaMkRta kara rahI hai| bhaviSyavata kathA ke kartA budha dhanapAla aura dharmagarIkSA ke kartA budha hariSeNa ne bhI apane janma se 'dhakaMTa baMza ko pAvana kiyA hai / hariSeNa ne apanI dharmaparIkSA vi0 saM0 104 meM banAkara samApta kI hai| ghaTa vaMza ke anuyAyI digambara vetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM rahe haiN|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 ukta kavivara ke graMthoM meM ullikhita 'pomAvaI' zabda svayaM padmAvatI nAma kI nagarI kA vAcaka hai| yaha nagarI pUrva samaya meM khUba samRddha thii| usakI isa samRddhi kA ullekha khajurAho ke vi0 saM0 1052 ke zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai| isameM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki yaha nagarI U~ce-U~ce gaganacumbI bhavanoM evaM makanAtoM se suzobhita kI usake rAjamArgoM meM bar3e-bar3e teja turaMga daur3ate the aura usakI camakatI huI svaccha evaM zubhra dIvAreM prAkAza se bAteM karatI thIM 460 sodhuttuMgapataGgalaGghanapathaprotuMgamAlAkulA. zubhASa pANDuro zikharaprAkAra citrA (mba) rA prAleyAcala zRGgasanti ( ni ) bhazubhaprAsAba sadmAvatI bhavyA pUrvamabhUpUrva rakhanA yA nAma 'padmAvatI // vaMgatuMgaturaMgamodagamakSu (khu) rakSodAvrajaH pro [i] ta, yasyAM jI (f) kaThora babhu (stra) makaro kUrmodarAbhaM namaH / mattAnekakarAlakumbhi karaTaprotkRSTadRSTyA [4 bhu] yaM / taM kardama mudriyA kSititalaM tA brU (a) ta ki saMstumaH // -- Enigraphica Indica V. 1. P. 149 isa samullekha para se pAThaka sahaja hI meM padmAvatI nagarI kI vizAlatA kA anumAna kara sakate haiN| isa nagarI ko nAgarAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI banane kA bhI saubhAgya prApta huA thA aura padmAvatI kAMtipurI tathA mathurA meM nI nAgarAjAyoM ke rAjya karane kA ullekha milatA hai| padmAvatI nagarI ke nAgarAjAoM ke sikke bhI mAlavA meM kaI jagaha mile haiN| gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM racita 'sarasvatI kaMThAbharaNa' meM bhI padmAvatI kA varNana hai| mAlatI mAdhava meM bhI padmAvatI kA kathana pAyA jAtA hai jise lekhavRddhi ke bhaya se chor3A jAtA hai| paraMtu kheda hai ki Aja yaha nagarI yahAM apane usa rUpa meM nahIM hai kintu gvAliyara rAjya meM usake sthAna para 'pavAyA' nAmaka eka choTA sA gAMva basA huA hai, jo ki dehalI se bambaI jAne vAlI relave lAina para 'devarA' nAma ke sTezana se kucha hI dUra para sthita hai / yaha padmAvatI nagarI hI padmAvatI jAti ke nikAsa kA sthAna hai| isa dRSTi se vartamAna 'pavAyA' grAma padmAvatI puravAloM ke lie vizeSa mahatva kI vastu hai| bhale hI vahAM para zrAja padmAvatI puravAloM kA nivAsa na ho, kintu usake Asa pAsa Aja bhI vahAM padmAvatI puravAloM kA nivAsa pAyA jAtA hai| Upara ke ina saba ullekhoM para se grAma nagarAdika nAmoM para se upajAtiyoM kI kalpanA ko puSTi milatI hai / zraddheya paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne 'paravAra jAti ke itihAsa para prakAza' nAma ke apane lekha meM paravAroM ke sAtha padmAvatI puravAloM kA sambandha jor3ane kA prayatna kiyA thA aura paM0 bakhatarAma ke 'buddhivilAsa' ke anusAra sAtavAM bheda bhI pragaTa kiyA hai| ho sakatA hai ki isa jAti kA koI sambandha paravAroM ke sAtha bhI rahA ho kintu padmAvatI puravAloM kA nikAsa paravAroM ke sattamamUra padmAvatiyA se huA ho| yaha kalpanA ThIka nahIM jAna par3atI aura na kinhIM prAcIna pramANoM se usakA samarthana hI hotA aura na sabhI 'puravAvaMza' paravAra hI kahe jA sakate haiN| kyoMki padmAvatI puravAloM kA nikAsa padmAvatI nagarI ke nAma para huA hai, paravAroM ke sattamamUr se nahIM / mAja bhI jo loga kalakattA aura dehalI bhAdi dUra zaharoM meM cale jAte haiM unheM kalakatiyA yA kalakatte 1. navanAgA padmAvatyAM kAMtipuryAM mathurAyAM viSNu pu0 aMza 4 a0 24 / 2. dekho, rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa prathama jilda pahalA saMskaraNa pR0 230 / 2. dekho, anekAnta varSa 3 kiraNa 7 4, sAta khAMpa paravAra kahAve, tinake tumako nAma sunAveM / asA puni hai causaklA, te sakkhA puni haiM dosakhA / soraThiyA aru gAMgaz2a jAto, padmAvatiyA sattama mAno / - buddhivilAsa

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F y 15vIM 16vIM 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, maTTAraka aura kavi 46 vAlA dehalavI yA dillI vAlA kahA jAtA hai, ThIka usI taraha paravAroM ke sattamamUra padmAvatiyA kI sthiti hai / gAMva ke nAma para se gotra kalpanA kaise kI jAtI thI isakA udAharaNa paM0 banArasIdAsajI ke kathAnaka se jJAta hotA hai aura yaha isa prakAra hai- madhyapradeza ke nikaTa 'bIholo' nAma kA eka gAMva thA usameM rAjavaMzI rAjapUta rahate the / ve guru prasAda se jainI ho gaye aura unhoMne mAnA pApamaya kiyA kANDa chor3a diyaa| unhoMne NamokAra mantra kI mAlA pahanI, unakA kula zrImAla kahalAyA aura gotra biholiyA rakhakhA gyaa| yAhI bharata sukheta meM, madhyadeza zubha ThAMu / vase nagara rohatagapura, nikaTa biholI gAMu // 8 gAMu biholI meM base rAjavaMza rajapUta se gurumukha jaMnI bhae, tyAgi karama adha-bhUta / / 6 pahirIsAlA maMtra kI pAyo kala zrImAla / thApyo gotra biholiyA, bIholI rakhapAla / / 10 / / isI taraha se upajAtiyoM aura unake gotrAdi kA nirmANa huA hai / kavi raghU bhaTTArakIya paM0 the aura tAtkAlika bhaTTArakoM ko ne apanA guru mAnate the| aura bhaTTArakoM ke sAtha unakA idhara-udhara pravAsa bhI huA hai| unhoMne kucha sthAnoM meM kucha samaya Thaharakara kaI graMthoM kI racanA bhI kI hai, aisA unakI graMtha prazastiyoM para se jAnA jAtA hai| ve pratiSThAcArya bhI the aura unhoMne aneka mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA bhI karAI thii| unake dvArA pratiSThita kaI mUrtiyoM ke mUrtilekha zrAja bhI prApta haiM jinase yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne unakI pratiSThA saM0 1497 aura 1506 meM gvAliyara ke prasiddha zAsaka rAjA ke rAjya meM karAI thii| vaha mUrti AdinAtha kI hai|" aura saM0 1525 kA lekha bhI gvAliyara ke rAjA kIrtisiMha ke rAjyakAla kA hai| maha kavivara bivAhita the yA avivAhita, isakA koI saSTa ullekha mere dekhane meM nahIM yAvA ora na kavi ne apane ko bAlabrahmacArI hI prakaTa kiyA hai| isase to ve vivAhita mAlUma hote haiM aura jAna par3atA hai ki ba gRhastha- paMDita the aura usa samaya ve pratiSThita vidvAn gine jAte the / grantha-praNayana meM jo bheMTasvarUpa dhana yA vastrAbhUSaNa prApta hote the, vahI unakI grAjIvikA kA pradhAna grAdhAra thaa| balabhadra caritra (padmapurANa) kI antima prazasti ke 17 kavaka ke nimna vAkyoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta kavivara ke do bhAI aura bhI the, jinakA nAma cAhola aura mahiNasiMha thaa| jaisA ki ukta grantha kI prazasti ke nimna vAkyoM se prakaTa hai--- miripomAbaddapura vAlavaMsu, naMdau harisiMdhu saMghavI jAsusaMsa etAM - bAhola mAhaNasiMha ciru NaMda, iha radhUkavi tIyau vi dharA / molikya samANau kalagaNa jANau NaMda mahiyati so di parA // yahAM para maiM itanA aura bhI prakaTa kara denA cAhatA hU~ ki meghezvara carita ( prAdipurANa) kI saMvat 1859 kI likhI gaI eka prati najIrAbAda jilA bijanaura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM hai jo bahuta hI azuddha rUpa meM likhI gaI hai jisake kartA ne apane ko yAcArya siMhamena likhA hai aura unhoMne apane ko saMghavI harisiMha kA putra bhI batalAyA hai| siMhasena ke AdipurANa ke usa ullekha para se hI paM0 nAthUrAmajI premI ne dazalakSaNa jayamAlA kI prastAvanA maiM kavira kA paricaya karAte hue phuTanoTa meM zrI paMDita jugalakizorajI mukhtAra kI dhU ko siMhasena kA bar3A bhAI mAnane kI kalpanA ko prasaMgata ThaharAte hue raghU aura siMhasena ko eka hI vyakti hone kI kalpanA kI hai| parantu premIjI kI yaha kalpanA saMgata nahIM hai aura nara siMhasena kA bar3A bhAI hI haiM kintu rahadhU aura siMhamena donoM bhinna-bhinna vyakti haiN| siMhasena ne apane ko 'grAiriya' pragaTa kiyA hai jabaki raidhU ne apane ko paNDita aura kavi hI sUcita kiyA hai| usa AdipurANa kI prati ko dekhane aura dUsarI pratiyoM ke sAtha milAna karane se yaha sunizcita jAna par3atA hai ki usake kartA kavi raghU hI haiN| sAre grantha kI kevala Adi anta prazasti meM hI kucha parivartana hai| zeSa grantha kA kathA bhAga jyoM kA tyoM hai usameM koI antara nahIM / aisI sthiti meM ukta prAdipurANa ke kartA 1. dekho, gvAliyara jeTiyara ji0 1, tathA anekAnta varSa 10 ki0 3, pR0 101 /

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462 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 raidhu kavi hI pratIta hote haiM, siMhasena nahIM / hA~, yaha ho sakatA hai ki siMhasenAcArya kA koI dUsarA hI grantha rahA ho, para ukta grantha sihasenAduriya kA nahIM kintu raghu kavikRta hI hai| sammaijinacariu kI prazasti meM raidhU ne siMhasena nAma ke eka muni kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai aura unheM guru bhI basalAyA hai aura unhIM ke vacana se sammaijinacariu kI racanA kI gaI hai / dhattA-- "taM NisaNi vi garuNA gacchaha garuNAI siMhaseNa munne| purusaMTiu paMDiu sIla prakhaMDiu bhaNiu teNa taM tammi khaNi / / 5 / / guru paramparA kavivara ne apane granthoM meM apane garu kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai aura na unakA smaraNa hI kiyA hai / hAM, unake granthoM meM tAtkAlika kucha bhaTTArakoM ke nAma avazya pAye jAte haiM jinakA unhoMne Adara ke sAtha ullekha kiyA hai| padmapurANa kI prAca prazasti ke caturtha kaDavaka ko nimna paMktiyoM meM, usta grantha ke nirmANa meM preraka sAha harazI dvArA jo vAkya kavi raidhu ke prati kahe gae haiM unameM raidhU ko 'zrIpAla brahma AcArya ke ziSya rUpa se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI sAhU soDala ke nimitta namipurANa ke race jAne aura apane lie rAmacarita ke kahane kI preraNA bhI kI gaI hai jisase spaSTa mAlUma hotA hai ki raidhU ke muru brahma zrIpAla the| ve vAkya isa prakAra haiM: bho raidhU paMDiu guNa NihANu, pomAvai ghara saMsaha phaannu| siripAla ahA prAya riya sIsa, maha vayaNu suNahi bho ghuha girIsa / / soDhala Nimitta gemihu purANa, virayau jaha kijnnvihiy-maann| taM rAmacarittu vi maha bhaNehi, lakkhaNa sameta iya maNi muNehi // prastuta brahma thopAla kavi rai ke guru jAna par3ate haiM, jo bhadrAraka yaza:koti ke ziSya the| 'sammai-jinacaritra' kI antima prazasti meM muni yaza:kIti ke tIna ziSyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| khemacanda, hariSeNa maura brahma pAla (brahma shriipaal)| unameM ullikhita muni brahmapAla hI brahma zrIpAla jAna par3ate haiM / aba taka sabhI vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA thI ki kavivara raidhU bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti ke ziSya the kita isa samUllekha para se ve yaza:kIrti ke ziSya na hokara praziSya jAna par3ate haiN| kavivara ne apane graMthoM meM bhaTTAraka yazaHkIti kA khulA yazogAna kiyA hai aura meghezvara carita kI prazasti meM to unhoMne bhaTTAraka yazaHkIti ke prasAda se vicakSaNa hone kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| sammata guNa-NihANa natha meM mUni yaza kauti ko tapasvI, bhavyarUpI kamaloM ko saMbodhana karane vAlA sUrya, aura pravacana kA vyAkhyAtA bhI batalAyA hai aura unhIM ke prasAda se apane ko bAdhya karane vAlA aura pApamala kA nAzaka batalAyA hai| taha puNu sutava tAvataviyaMgo, bhnb-kml-sNboh-pyNgo| NiccobhAsiya pacayaNa saMgo, vaMdiya siri jasakitti prsNgo| tAsu pasAe kamyu payAsami, grAsi vihija kali-malu-NiNNAsami / isake sivAya yazodhara caritra meM bhaTTAraka kamalakIti kA bhI guru nAma se smaraNa kiyA hai| nivAsa sthAna aura samakAlIna rAjA savivara raidhU kahAM ke nivAsI the aura vaha sthAna kahAM hai aura unhoMne grantha racanA kA yaha mahatvapUrNa kArya kina rAjAmoM ke rAjyakAla meM kiyA hai yaha bAteM avazya vicAraNIya hai / yadyapi kavi ne apanI janmabhUmi prAdi kA koI paricaya nahIM diyA, jisase usa sambandha meM vicAra kiyA jAtA, phira bhI unake nivAsa sthAna Adi ke 1. muNa jasakitti hu sissa guNAyaru, khemacandu hariseNU tathAyaru / muNi taM pAlhu babhue NaMdA, tiNi vi pAva bhAsa NikaMbahu / --sammai jinavari u pravAsti

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15vIM, 16voM, 15vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi sambandha meM jo kucha jAnakArI prApta ho sakatI hai, use pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke lie nIce diyA jAtA hai: ukta kavi ke granthoM se patA calatA hai ki ve gvAliyara meM neminAtha aura varddhamAna jinAlaya meM rahate the aura kacittarUpI rasAyana ke nidhi rasAla the| gvAliyara 15vIM zatAbdI meM khUba samuddha thA, usa samaya vahAM para dehalI ke tomara vaMza kA zAsana cala rahA thaa| tomara vaMza bar3A hI pratiSThita kSatriya vaMza rahA hai aura unake zAsanakAla meM jainadharma ko panapane kA bahata kucha pAzraya milA hai| jaina sAhitya meM gvAliyara kA mahatvapurNa sthAna rahA hai| usa samaya to vaha eka vidyA kA kenda hI banA hanA thA, vahAM kI mUrtikalA aura purAtatva kI kalAtmaka sAmagrI mAja bhI darzakoM ke citta ko apanI ora AkarSita kara rahI hai| usake samavalokana se gvAliyara kI mahattA kA sahaja hI bhAna ho jAtA hai| kavibara ne svayaM samyaktva-guNa-nidhAna nAmaka grantha ko Adya prazasti meM gvAliyara kA varNana karate hue vahAM ke tatkAlIna zrAvakoM kI caryA kA jo ullekha kiyA hai use bataura udAharaNa ke nIce diyA jAtA hai: saha rasika mahAyama kapaNa, guru-deva sattha viNayaM viyacha / jahi viyaktaNa maNa va sadhva, dhammANurata para galiya gavva / / jahi satta-yasaNa-cuya sAvayAI, Nivasahi pAliya bo-vaha-vayAI / sammaiMsaNa-maNi-bhUsiyaMga, NiccombhAsiya pakSyaNa suyaMga / / vArApekhaNa-vihi micalINa, jiNa mahima mahacchava Niru pavINa / ceyaNagaNa appAruha pavitta, jiNa sutta rasAyaNa sabaNa titta / / paMcama bulsamu ai-visamu-kAlu, piddali vi turiu pavihiu rsaalu| dhammamANe je kAlu liti, NakyAramaMtu praha-Nisa guNaMti // saMsAra-mahaSNava-vaDaNa-bhIya, NissaMka pamuha guNa annnnnniiy| jahi NArIyaNa diddha solajutta, dANe posiya Niru tithiha patta / / tiya miseNa lacchi avayariya etthu, gayarUva ga dosaha kA vi tesya / vara aMvara kaNayAharaNa ehi, maMDiya taNu sohahiM maNi jaDehiM / / jiNa-NataNa-pUya-uchAha citta, bhava-taNa-bhoyahi Nicca ji virutta / guru-veva pApa paMkayAhi lIe, sammaiMsaNapAlaNa parINa / / para purisa sa-baMdhava sarisa jAMhi, aha Nisa paDiyaNNiya Niya mnnaahi| kivaNami tahi haja' purisa NAri, jahi Dibha vi saga vasaNAvahAri / paTahi padayahi posaha kuNaMti, ghari ghari caccari jiNa guNa thupaMkti / sAhammi ya vatyu Niru vahaMti, para avaguNa jhapahi guNa kahati // erisu sAvahi vihiyamANu, mIsurajiNa hari vddddhmaannu| Nivasai jA raidhU kavi guNAlu, sukti-rasAyaNa-Nihi rasAlu // 5 // ina padyoM para dRSTi DAlane se usa samaya ke gvAliyara kI sthiti kA sahaja hI jJAna prApta ho jAtA hai| usa samaya loga kitane dhArmika saccaritra aura apane kartavya kA yatheSTa pAlana karate the yaha jAnane tathA anukaraNa karane kI vastu hai| gvAliyara meM usa samaya tomara vaMzI rAjA DaMgarasiMha kA rAjya thaa| DUMgarasiMha eka pratApI aura jainadharma meM prAsthA rakhane vAlA zAsaka thaa| usane apane jIvana kAla meM aneka jaina mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAyA, vaha isa punIta kArya ko apanI jIvita avasthA meM pUrNa nahIM karA sakA thA, jise usake priya putra kItisiMha yA karaNasiMha ne pUrA kiyA thaa| rAjA hUgarasiMha ke pitA kA nAma gaNeza yA gaNapatisiMha yA, jo vIramadeva kA putra thaa| gaNapatimiha vi0 saM0 1476 meM rAjya pada para mAsIna the / inake rAjya kAla meM ukta saMvat vaizAkha sudi zukravAra ke dina mUlasaMgho naMbAmnAyI bhaTTAraka zubhacandra deva ke maNDalAcArya paNDita bhagavata ke putra khemA aura dharmapatnI khemAde ne pAtu kI

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464 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 caubIsI mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thI' pazcAta saM01481 meM iMgarasiMha rAjagaddI para baiThA / rAjA garrAsaha rAjanIti meM dakSa, zatrayoM ke mAna mardana karane meM samartha, aura kSatriyocita kSAtrateja se alaMkRta thaa| guNa samUha se vibhUSita, anyAya rUpI nAgoM ke vinAza karane meM pravINa, paMcAMga maMtrazAstra meM kuzala tathA asi rUpa agni se mithyAtva-rUpI vaMza kA dAhaka thA / usakA yaza saba dizAtroM meM vyApta thaa| vaha rAjya paTTa se alaMkRta, vipula bala se sampanna thaa| iMgarasiMha kI paTarAnI kA nAma dAde thA, jo atizaya rUpavatI aura pativratA thI / inake putra kA nAma karaNasiMha, kotimiha yA kIrtipAla thA, jo apane pitA ke samAna hI guNaja, balavAna aura rAjanIti meM canUra thaa| DUMgarasiMha ne naravara ke kile para gherA DAla kara apanA adhikAra kara liyA thaa| zatru loga isake pratApa evaM parAkrama se bhayabhIta rahate the / janadharma para kevala usakA anurAga hI na thA kiMtu usa para vaha apanI purI prAsthA bhI rakhatA thaa| phaladAsane jaina mUrtiyoM kI sagAI rAhato rupaye vyaya kie the| isase hI usako AsthA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| DaMgarasiMha san 1424 (vi0 saM0 1481) meM gvAliyara kI gaddI para baiThA thA / usake rAjya samaya ke do mUrti lekha sambata 1416 aura 1510 ke prApta haiM / sambat 1482 kI eka, aura sambat 1456 ko dI lekhaka prazastiyo paM0 vikhUdha zrIdhara ke saMskRta bhaviSyadatta caritra aura apabhraMza-bhASA ke sUkamAlacaritra kI prApta huI haiN| inake sivAya 'bhavigyadata paMcamI kathA' kI eka apUrNa lekhaka prazasti kAraMjA ke jJAna bhaNDAra kA prati se prApta huI hai / DUMgarasiMha ne vi0 saM0 1481 se saM0 1510 yA isake kucha bAda taka zAsana kiyaa| usake bAda rAjya sattA usake putra kotisiMha ke hAtha meM pAI thii| kavivara raidhU ne rAjA DUMgarasiMha ke rAjya kAla meM to maneka grantha race hI haiM kintu unake putra kItisiha ke rAjya kAla meM bhI samyaktva kaumudI (sAvaya cariu) kI racanA kI hai| granthakartA ne ukta prantha ko prazasti meM kItisiMha kA paricaya karAte hue likhA hai ki vaha tomara kula rUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAlA sUrya thA aura durbAra zatrumoM ke saMgrAma se atRpta thA / vaha apane pitA DUMgarasiMha ke samAna hI rAjya bhAra ko dhAraNa karane meM samartha thaa| bandI-janoM ne use bhArI argha samarpita kiyA thaa| usakI nirmala yaza rUpI latA loka meM vyApta ho rahI thii| usa samaya vaha kalicakravartI thaa| tomarakulakamalaviyAsa mitta, ducAravarisaMgara pratittu / iMgaraNivarajjagharA samasthu, baMbIyaNa samappiya bhUri pratyu / caurAya vijjapAlaNa prataMva, himmala jasaballI bhuvaraNakaMdu / kalicakkavaTTi pAyaDaNihANu, sirikittisiMdhu mahiyahapahANu // -samyaktva kaumudI patra 2 nAgaura bhaNDAra 1. caubIsI dhAtu-15 iMca-saMvat 1476 varSa baizAkhasudi 3 zukravAsare zrI gaNapati deva rAjya pravartamAne zrI mUlasaMgha naMdyAmnAye bhaTTAraka zubhacandra devA maMDalAcArya paM. bhagavata tatputra saMghavI khemA bhAryA khemAde jinabimba pratiSThA kaaraapitm| nayAmaMdira lazkara 2. saM0 1482 vaizAkhasudi 10 zrIyoginIpure sAhijAdA murAvakhAna rAjya pravartamAne zrIkASThA saMgha mAthuzandaye puSkaragaraNe AvAyaM zrIbhAvasena devAstatpa? ma. zrIguNakIrtidevAstaridAyI yaza kIti devA upadezena likhApitaM / / -jaina anyasUcI bhA0 5 pR0 363 3. san 1452 (vi0 saM0 1506) meM jaunapura ke sulatAna mahamUdazAha zarkI aura dehalI ke bAdazAha bahalola lodI ke bIca hone vAle saMgrAma meM kIrtisiMha kA dUsarA bhAI pRthvIpAla mahamUdazAha ke senApati phatahakhAM hAvIM ke hAtha se mArA gayA thaa| paraMtu kavivara radhu ke graMthoM meM kIrtisiMha ke dUsare bhAI pRthvIpAla kA koI ullekha nahIM pAyA jaataa| -- dekho DhADa rAjasthAna pR0 250 svargIya mahAmanA gaurIzaMkara hIrAcaMda jI ojhA kRta gvAliyara kI taMvara vaMzAvAmI ttippnnii|

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1 A 15, 16vIM 17vIM, aura 10vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 46+ kIrtisiMha vIra aura parAkramI zAsaka thaa| usane apanA rAjya apane pitA se bhI adhika vistRta kiyA thA / vah dayAlu evaM sahRdaya thA / jainavarma ke Upara usakI vizeSa AsthA thii| vaha apane pitA kA AjJAkArI thA, usane apane pitA ke jainamUrtiyoM ke khudAI ke avaziSTa kArya ko pUrA kiyA thaa| isakA pRthvIpAla nAma kA eka bhAI para bhI thaa| jo lar3AI meM mArA gayA thaa| kIrtisiMha ne apane rAjya ko yahA~ taka pallavita kara liyA thA ki usa samaya usakA rAjya mAlave ke sama kakSakA ho gayA thaa| dillI kA bAdazAha bhI kIrtisiMha kI kRpA kA abhilASI banA rahanA cAhatA thA / san 1465 (vi0 saM0 1522 ) meM jaunapura ke mahamUdazAha ke putra husainazAha ne gvAliyara ko vijita karane ke lie bahuta bar3I senA bhejI thii| taba se koMtisiMha ne dehalI ke bAdazAha bahalola lodo kA pakSa chor3a diyA thA aura jaunapura vAloM kA sahAyaka bana gayA thA / san 1478 (vi0 saM0 1535 ) meM husainazAha dillI ke bAdazAha bahalola lodI se hokara apanI patnI aura sampatti vagairaha ko chor3akara tathA bhAgakara gvAliyara meM rAjA kIrtisiMha kI zaraNa meM gayA thA taba kIrtisiMha ne ghanAdi se usakI sahAyatA kI thI aura kAlapI taka use sakuzala pahuMcAyA bhI thA / isake sahAyaka do lekha san 1468 aura (vi0 saM0 1525) san 1473 (vi0 saM0 1530 ) ke mile haiN| kIrtisiMha kI mRtyu san 1476 ( vi0 saM0 1536) meM huI thii| ataH isakA rAjya kAla samvat 1510 ke bAda se saM0 1536 taka pAyA jAtA hai| ina donoM ke rAjyakAla meM gvAliyara meM jainadharma khUba pallavita huA / racanAkAla kavi raidhU ke jina granthoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, yahA~ unake racanAkAla ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| kavi kI sabase prathama kRti zrAtma-sambodha kAvya hai| usakI saM0 1448 kI likhita prati Amera bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / idhU ke sammatta guNanidhAna aura sukosalacariu ina do granthoM meM hI racanA samaya upalabdha huA sammatta guNanidhAna nAma kA grantha vi0 saM0 1492 kI bhAdrapada zuklA pUrNimA maMgalavAra ke dina banAyA gayA hai aura jo tIna mahIne meM pUrNa huA thA aura sukozalacariu usale cAra varSa bAda vikrama saM0 1496 meM mAgha kRSNA dazamo ke 1 anurAdhA nakSatra meM pUrNa huA hai / sammattaguNanidhAna meM kisI grantha ke race jAne kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, hA~ kozalacara meM pArzvanAtha purANa, harivaMza purANa aura balabhadracarita ina tIna granthoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki ye tInoM grantha bhI saMvat 1466 se pUrva race gaye haiM aura harivaMza purANa meM triSaSTizalAkA rupa carita ( mahApurANa) meghezvaracarita, yazodhara carita, vRttasAra, jobavaracarita thora pArzvacarita ina chaha granthoM ke race jAne kA ullekha hai, jisase jAna par3atA hai ki ye grantha bhI harivaMza kI racanA se pUrva race jA cuke the| sammai jinacariu meM, pArzvapurANa, meghezvaracarita, triSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita ( mahApurANa) balabhadracarita ( paumacariu ) siddhacakra vidhi, sudarzanacarita aura dhanyakumAracarita ina sAta granthoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, jisase yaha grantha bhI ukta samvat se pUrva race jA cuke the / 1. bahalola lodI dehalI kA bAdazAha thA usakA rAjya kAla san 1451 vi0sa0 1508) se lekara san 1486 (vi0 saM0 1546 ) taka 30 varSa pAyA jAtA hai| " 9. dekho, mojhA jI dvArA sampAdita TATa rAjasthAna hindI pRSTha 254 3. davAva uttarAli, darisa igaya vikka marAyakAli / vaktu jiviya samasti bhava mAsammi sa-sema pavitra / miriNa kujavAre saMbhoI, muhayAre suhaNAmeM jai / hi mAsa rahi puNDa sammattaguNA hihi 4. "siri vikkama samayaMtarAli baTTaMtara iMdu sama dhUu / " vibhrama kAli / udaya saMvadhara agga chAva bahipusy jAya puNNa / mAha duhima dimbha, bArAhurikala paDiya sakammi | "

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa 2 isake atirikta karakaNDucarita, samyaktva kaumudI, vRttasAra zraNavamocA, puNyAvarucA siddhAMtArthasAra, dazalakSaNa jayamAlA aura ghoDazakAraNa jayamAlA ina dhAu granthAM meM se puSyAstrava kathA kopa ko chor3akara zeSa grantha kahAM aura kaba race gae. isakA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| raibU ne prAyaH adhikAMza granthoM ko racanA gvAliyara meM rahakara tomara vaMza ke zAsaka DUMgarasiMha aura kIrtisiMha ke rAjya samaya meM kI hai jinakA rAjya kAla saMvat 1481 se saM0] 1536 taka rahA hai| ataeva kadi kA racanAkAla saM0 1440 se 1530 ke madhyavartI samaya mAnA jA sakatA hai / 466 maiM pahale yaha batalA mAyA hUM ki kavivara ra pratiSThAcArya the| unhoMne kaI pratiSThAeM karAI thii| unake dvArA pratiSThita saMvat 1497 kI prAdinAtha kI mUrti kA lekha bhI diyA thA yaha pratiSThA unhoMne gopAcala durga meM karAI thI isake sivAya, saMvat 1510 aura 1525 ko pratiSThita mUrtiyoM ke tela bhI upalabdha hai, jinakI pratiSThA vahAM inake dvArA sampanna huI hai' saMvat 1525 meM sampanna hone vAlI pratiSThAeM raidhU ne gvAliyara ke zAsaka kIrtisiMha yA karaNasiMha ke rAjya meM karAI hai, jinakA rAjya saMvat 1536 taka rahA hai| kurAvalI (mainapurI) ke mUrtilekha jinakA saMkalana bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ne kiyA thaa| ye bhI pratiSThAcArya ghoSita karate haiN| tadanusAra raddadhU ne saM0 1506 jeTha sudi zukravAra ke dina caMdavAr3a meM cauhAna vaMzI dhU ko rAjA rAmacandra ke putra pratApasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM baMdhI vIrAMnA mAna zAMtinAtha kI mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thii| dhanveSaNa karane para anya mUrti lekha bhI prApta ho sakate haiN| ina mUrtiyoM se kavi raha ke jIvanakAla para acchA prakAza par3atA hai| ve saM0 1440 se saMvat 1525 taka to jIvita rahe hI haiM, kiMtu bAda meM aura kitane varSa taka jIvita rahe. yaha nizcaya karanA abhI kaThina hai dhanya sAdhana-sAmagrI ke milane para usa para aura bhI vicAra kiyA jaaygaa| isa taraha kavi vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArtha ke vidvAna the| 1. dekho, anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 10 tathA gvAliyara gajiTiyara ji0 1 1525 meM pratiSThita nira 2. deza mero noTa 3. saM0 1506 jeTha sudI zuke zrIcandrapATa durge pure cauhAna vaMze rAjAdhirAja zrIrAmacandradeva yuvarAja zrI pratApa candradeva rAjya vartanAne kaDA ra mAyurAnvaye puSkara AcArya zrI kItideza satya bhI kotava AcArya raM nAmadheya tapatA kA nAma gotre sAyaparamAhI puSI ho vA mahArAjamAna camAryAtayoH putraH saMpAdita rA zrI govA pApitimA sonI putro saMjina bhAryA mahAdhI tayoH putra kulakandra bandIpati rAtu bhAvA bhI mAra putra mahArAja gAya madana bhI putramAzikA." tijavala bhAgA saMpAdita vApara yA motA pramukhAnniSThA desI prAcIna jaina saMsAra) 4. 'apracAla' yaha zabda eka kSatriya jAti kA sUcaka hai| jisakA vikAsa pragrohA yA anodaka janapada se huA hai| yaha sthAna paMjAba rAjya meM hisAranagara se 13 mIla dUra dillI sirasA sar3aka para sthita hai| isa samaya yaha ujar3A huA choTA sA gAMva hai| yaha prAcIna kAla meM vizAla evaM vaMbhava sampanna aitihAsika nagara thaa| isakA pramANa ve bhagnAvazeSa haiM jo isake sthAna ke nikaTa prAyaH sAta sau ekar3a bhUmi meM phaile hue haiN| yahAM eka TolA 60 phuTa UMcA thA, jisakI khudAI san 1936 yA 40 meM huI thii| usase prAcIna nagara ke avazeSa, aura prAcIna sikkoM yAdi kA Dhera prApta huA thaa| 26 phuTa se nIce prAcIna grAhata mudrA kA namUnA, cAra yUnAnI sikke aura 51 caulUTe tAMbe ke sikkoM meM sAmane kI aura vRSabha aura pIche kI bora siMha kA kI mUrti hai|rikoN ke pIche jhIla meM saroda ke ma janapadama zinAkha bhI ti hai jisameM manaca janapada kA sikkA hotA hai| nAma ayodaka bhI rahA hai| ukta sikkoM para aMkita vRSabha, siMha yA caMtya vRkSa kI mUrti jaina mAnyatA ko mora saketa karatI hai (dekho iMDikA 020 244 iMDiyana eNTImarI bhAga 15 ke 10 343 para

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15 16 17 aura 1 na zAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura di racanAeM kavi ra ne apabhraMza bhASA meM aneka granthoM ko racanA kI hai| unameM se upalabdha racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra hai : 1. appa rAmbo hakathya - yaha kavi ko sabase pahalI kRti jJanta hotI hai| kyoMki isakI 26 patrAtmaka eka hastalikhita prati saM0 1440 kI mAra bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai| isa prAthamika racanA ko zrAtmasambodhArtha likhI hai isameM saMdhiyAM aura 50 kavaka hai| jinameM hisA aNupatAdi paMca vratoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai aura batalAyA hai ki jo doSa rahita jina deva, nirgranthaguru aura dazalakSaNa rUpa ahiMsA dharma kA zraddhAna (vizvAsa) karatA hai vaha samyakstvaratna ko prApta karatA hai : 467 jinadeva paramabhivaguru balavaNadhammu ahiMsaya / socchiubhAyeM sahasaha sammata rayaNa phaDa solaha / / 1 isake pazcAta paMca udambara phara aura maya-mAMsa-madhu ke tyAga ko aSTamUla guNa batalAyA hai aura isa prathama saMdhi meM ahiMsA, satya aura acaurya rUpa tIna aNuvratoM ke svarUpa kA kathana diyA hai| dUsarI saMdhi meM caturtha aNupratabrahmacarya kA varNana kiyA hai| tRtIya saMdhi meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko namaskAra kara karmakSaya ke hetu parigraha parimANa nAma ke pAMcave ke hai sammatta guNa rihANa - yaha grantha gvAliyara nivAsI sAhu semasiMha ke jyeSTha putra kamala siMha ke anurodha se banAyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM 4 saMdhi aura 108 kar3avaka diye hue haiM, unakI anumAnika zloka saMkhyA teraha sau pacahattara ke lagabhaga hai / grantha kA atyanta prazasti meM sAha kamala siMha ke parivAra kA paricaya diyA huA hai| isameM samya tva ke ATha aMgoM meM prasiddha hone vAle pramukha puruSoM kI rocaka kathAeM bahuta hI sundaratA se dI gaI haiM ye kathAeM pAThakoM kA varNana diyA hai / yaha sthAna hI agravAla jAti kA mUla nivAsa sthAna thaa| yahAM ke nivAsI dezabhakta vIravAla ne yUnAnI, zaka, kuSANa, hue aura musalamAna bAdi videzI AkramaNakAriyoM se aneka zatAbdiyoM taka jamakara lohA liyA thaa| muhammada gaurI ke AkramaNa ke samaya (saMvat 1251 ) meM vahI prAcIna rAjya pUrNatayA viSTa ho gayA thA / aura yahAM ke nivAsI agravAla Adi rAjasthAna aura uttara pradeza zrAdi meM vasa gae the / hai kahA jAtA hai ki agrohA meM agrasena nAma ke eka kSatriya rAjA the| unhIM kI santAna paramparA agravAla kahalAte ke aneka artha hai kintu yahAM unakI vivakSA nahIM hai, yahA~ deza ke rahane vAle hI vivakSita hai| agravAloM ke 18 gotra batalAye jAte haiN| jinameM garga, goyala, mittala jindala, mihala Adi nAma hai / vAloM meM do dharmo ke mAnane vAle pAye jAte haiN| jana agravAla aura baiSNava agravAla / zrI lohAcArya ke upadeza se usa samaya jo jainadharma meM dIkSita ho gaye the, ve jaina agravAla kahalAye aura zeSa vaiSNava; parantu donoM meM roTI beTI vyavahAra hotA hai, rIti-rivAjoM meM kucha samAnatA hote hue bhI unameM apane-apane dharmaparaka pravRtti pAI jAtI hai hA~ kabhI agravAla ahisA dharma ke mAnaneva le haiN| upajAtiyoM kA itivRtta 10vIM zatAbdI se pUrva kA nahIM milatA, ho sakatA hai ki kucha upajAtiyA~ pUrvavartI rahI hoN| agravAloM kI jana paramparA ke ullekha 12vIM zatAbdI taka ke mere dekhane meM Ae haiN| ma jAti khUba sampanna rahI hai| loga dharmaja, AcAraniSTha, dayAlu aura jana-dhana se sapanna tathA rAjyamAnya rahe haiN| tomara vaMzI rAjA anaMgapAla tRtIya ke rAjazreSThI aura AmAtya agravAla kulAvataMza sAhU naTTala ne dillI meM zrAdinAtha kA eka vizAlatama maMdira banA thA jisakA vIravAla dvArA zye pAra meM diyA gayA hai| yaha pArava purANa saMvat 1986 meM dillI meM ukta naddala sAhU ke dvArA banavAyA gayA thA usakI saMvat 1577 kI likhita prati Amera maMDAra meM surakSita hai| agravAloM dvArA aneka mandiroM kA nirmANa tathA granthoM kI racanA aura bhaTTArakoM Adi ko pradAna karane ke aneka ullekha milate haiN| isase isa jAti kI kA paricaya milatA hai hA~ inameM zAsati adhika pAI jAtI hai| unakI pratilipi karavAkara sAdhuoM, sampannatA dharmaniSThA aura paropakAra 1. lipi saMvat 144 varSa phAlguNa vadi likhita | Amera bhaMDAra 1 gurau dine srAma ( zrAvaka ) layamA lakSmaNa kabhmakSaya vinAvA (zA) thaM

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 468 ko atyanta surucikara aura sarasa mAlUma hotI haiM pravAsti se jJAta hotA hai ki kSemasiMha kA kula agravAla aura gotra goyala thA unakI patnI niurAde se do putra hue| kamalasiMha aura bhojarAja, kamala siMha vijJAna kalA kuzala aura buddhimAna, deva zAstra aura guru kA bhakta thA isakI bhAryA kA nAma 'sarAsara' thA, usase mallidAsa nAma kA putra huA thaa| aura inake laghu bhrAtA bhojarAja kI patnI devai se do putra candrasena aura devapAla nAma ke hue the / grantha ko prathama saMdhi meM 17ve kaDavaka se spaSTa hai ki kamalasiMha ne bhagavAn prAdinAtha kI gyAraha hAtha kI U~cI eka vizAla mUrti kA nirmANa rAjA DUMgarasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM karAyA thA, jo durgati ke duHkhoM kI vinAzaka, mithyAtva rUpI girIndra ke liye vaJca samAna, bhavyoM ke liye zubhagati pradAna karane vAlo, duHkha, roga, zoka kI nAzikA thI-- jisake darzana cintana se bhavyoM kI bhava bAdhA sahaja ho dUra ho jAtI thii| isa mahatvapUrNa mUrti ko pratiSThA kara kamalasiMha ne mahAna puNya kA saMcaya kiyA thaa| jo devahideva titthaMkaru, prANAhu tiyoyasuhaMkara / tahu paDimA duggaiNiNNAsani, jA micchata girivaM-sarAsani / jANu vaha suga- sAsaNi, jAmahiroya-soya-buhu-NAsaNi 1 sara eyArahakara vihaMgI, kAzaviyaNirUvamagraituMgI / gayipraNaya jimakolavalaI, suragurutAha gaNaNa jaddalakkhar3a / kariva paTTi tila puNu diNNaja, cirubhavi pavihiu kalimalu- chiNNa // " taba kamala siMha ne catuvidhi saMgha kI vinaya kI thii| samyaktva ke graMgoM meM prasiddha hone vAle puruSoM ko kathAoM kA AdhAra prAcArya somadeva kA yazastilaka campU kA upAsakAdhyayana rahA pratIta hotA hai| afa ne isa grantha kI racanA saM0 1462 meM kI thii| udaha saya bANau uttarAli, barisai gaya viSakamarAya kAli / vakyattu ji jaNathaya samakkhi bhaddava mAsammi sa-seyapakiya | puNNamidaNi kujavAre samoi, suhayAreM suhaNA meM jaNoi / " sammai jiNacariu - isameM 10 sarga aura 246 kaDabaka haiM, jisameM jainiyoM ke antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne isa grantha ke nirmANa karane ko kathA bar3I rocaka dI hai | brahma khelne kavi se grantha banAne ko svayaM preraNA nahIM kI, kyoMki unheM sandeha thA ki zAyada kavi unakI abhyarthanA ko svIkAra na kre| isI se unhoMne bhaTTAraka yazaHkIti dvArA kavi ko grantha banAne kI yAda dilAne kA prayatna kiyA kyoMki unheM vizvAsa thA ki kavi bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti kI bAta ko TAla nahIM sakate / bha0 yazaHkIrti ne hisAra nivAsI sAhU tosau kI dAnavIratA, sAhitya rasikatA, aura dharma niSThatA kA paricaya karAte hue unake liye 'sammai jinacacariu' ke nirmANa karane kA nirdeza kiyaa| kavi ne apanI asamarthatA vyakta karate hue use svIkRti kiyA / isase brahmacArI selhA ko harSa honA svAbhAvika hai| prastuta brahma selhA hisAra nivAsI agravAla vaMzI goyala gotrIya sAhUtosau kA jyeSTha putra thA / usakA vivAha kurukSetra ke tejA sAhU kI jAlapA patnI se utpanna khomI nAma kI putrI se huA thaa| unake koI santA na thI / ataH unhoMne apane bhAI ke putra hemA ko goda le liyA, aura gRhasthI kA saba bhAra use sauMpakara muni yazaH kIrti se zraNunnata le liye| usI samaya se be brahma khelhA ke nAma se pukAre jAne lage / vaha udAra, dharmAtmA aura guNajJa the aura saMsAra deha-bhogoM se udAsIna the / unhoMne gvAliyara ke kile meM candraprabha bhagavAna kI eka gyAraha hAtha unnata vizAla mUrti kA nirmANa karAyA 1 tA tammi khaNi baMbhavaya bhAra bhAreNa siri ayaravAlaMkayaMsammi sAreNa / saMsAra-tanu- bhoSa NiNiciNa, khelhA hihANeNa namikaNa gurutega bho mayaNadAvalhava ravaNadANa, varadhamma bhANAmaeNeva tittareNa / jasakitti vivazattu maMDiya guNeheNa / saMsAra jala rAsi uttAra vara jANa /

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15vI, 16vIM, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 466 pramhahaM pasAeNabhava-daha-kayaMtassa; sasipaha jiNevassa paDimA bisuddhss| kArAviyA maI ji govAyale tuMga, uDucAyi NAmeNa tityammi suhasaMga / helhA ne usa samaya apanI tyAgavRtti kA kSetra bar3hA liyA thA aura gyAraha pratimAdhArI utkRSTa thAya . ke rUpa meM prAtmasAdhanA karane lage the| grantha kI pAdyanta prazasti meM kavi ne tosau sAha ke vaMzakA bisnata paricaya diyA hai jisameM unake pari. vAra dvArA sampanna hone vAle dhArmika kAryoM kA paricaya mila jAtA hai / kauvane tAsau sAhU kA ullekha karate hue unheM jina caraNoM kA bhakta, paMcaindriyoM ke bhogoM se virakta, dAna dene meM tatpara, pApa se zaukata-bhaya-bhIta aura tattvacintana meM sadA nirata batalAyA hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI likhA hai usakI lakSmI dukhI janoM ke bharaNa-poSaNa meM kAma AtI thii| vANI zruta kA avadhAraNa karatI thii| mastaka jinendra ko namaskAra karane meM pravRtta hotA thaa| vaha zubhamatI thA, usake saMbhASaNa meM koI doSa nahIM hotA thaa| citta tattva vicAra meM nimagna rahatA thA aura donoM hAtha jina-pUjA-vidhi se santuSTa rahate the| jo NiccaM jiNa-pAya-kaMja masalo jo Nicca daannerdo| jo paMcediya-bhoya-bhASa-birado jo bitae sNhido| jo saMsAra-mahohi-pAvana-bhido jo pAyado sNkido| eso paMdau tosaDo guNado sattattha beIciraM // 2 lacchI jassa buhojaNANabharaNe bANI suyaM dhaarinne| sIsa sannaI kAraNe subhamaI dosaM Na sNbhaasnne| cit-tattva-viyAraNe karajuyaM pUyA-vihI saMdadaM / so'yaM tosau sAhu ettha dhavalo saMvo bhUyale // 3 hisAra ke agravAla vaMzI sAhu narapati ke putra sAhu vIllA, jo jainadharmI niSpApa tathA dillI ke bAdazAha phIrojazAha tug2alaka dvArA sammAnita the| saMghAdhipa sahajapAla ne, jo sahadeva kA putra thA, jinendramUrti kI pratiSThA karavAI thii| sAhU sahajahAla ke patra meM giranAra kI yAtrA kA saMgha bhI calAyA thA, aura usakA saba vyaya bhAra svaya vahana kiyA thaa| ye saba aitihA. sika ullekha mahatvapUrNa haiM / aura agravAloM ke liye gauravapUrNa haiN| kavi ne prazasti meM kApThA saMgha kI bhaTTAraka paramparA kA isa prakAra ullekha kiyA hai-devasena, vimalasena, dharmasena, bhAvasena, sahasra kIti, guNako ni (saM0 1468 se 1481) yaza: kIti 148 se 1510, malayakIrti 1500 se 1525, guNabhadra 1520 se 1540) / kavine apane se pUrvavartI nimna sAhityakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai-caumaha, svayaMbhU, puNyadanta aura vIra kavi / kavi ne isa grantha se pUrva racI jAnevAlI ina racanAoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai pAsaNAhacariu, mehesaracArija, siddhacakamAhappa, valahaecariu, sudaMsaNacariu aura dhaNakumAracariu / sakauzalacaritameM 4 saMdhiyAM aura 74 kar3avaka hai| pahalI do saMdhiyoM meM kathana kramAdi kI vyavasthA vyakta karate hara tIsarI saMdhi meM caritra kA citraNa kiyA hai| cauthI saMdhi meM caritra kA varNana karate hae undhakoTI kA kAvya maya varNana kiyA hai| kintu zailI viSayavarNanAtmaka hI hai / kavi ne isa khaNDa-kAvya meM sukauzala kI jovanagAthA ko praGkita kiyA hai kathAnaka isa prakAra hai : ikSvAku vaMza meM kIrtidhara nAma ke prasiddha rAjA the| unheM ulkApAta ke dekhane se vairAgya ho gayA thA, mataeva ve sAdhajIvana vyatIta karanA cAhate the| parantu maMtriyoM ke anurodha se putrotpatti ke samaya taka gahI jovana vyatIta karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| kaI varSoM taka unake koI santAna na huii| unakI rAnI sahadevI eka dina jina mandira gii| vahAM jina darzanAdi kriyA sampanna kara usane eka munirAja se pUchA ki mere putra kaba hogA? taba sAdhu ne kahA kI tumhAre eka putra avazya hogA, parantu use dekhakara rAjA dIkSA le legA, aura putra bhI digambara sAdhu ko dekhakara sAdha bana jaaygaa| kucha samaya pazcAt rAnI ke putra hunaa| rAnI ne putrotpatti ko gupta rakhane kA bahuta prayatna kiyA; pApA

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa 2 kintu rAjA ko usakA patA cala gayA aura rAjA ne tatkAla hI rAjya kA bhAra putra ko soMpa kara jina dIkSA le lo | rAjA ne putra ke zubha lakSaNoM ko dekhakara usakA nAma sukauzala raktA rAnI ko pati viyoga kA duHkha asahya thaa| sAtha hI putra ke bhI sAdhu ho jAne kA bhaya use yAta kiye hue thA yuvAvasthA meM usakA vivAha 32 rAja kanyAoM se kara diyA gayA aura bhoga vilAsamaya jIvana bitAne lgaa| use mahala se bAhara jAne kA koI adhikAra na thA / mAtA sadA isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhatI thI ki putra kahIM kisI muni ko na dekha te| ataeva usane nagara meM muniyoM kA mAnA niSiddha kara diyA thaa| 470 eka dina kumAra ke mAmA muni kIrtidhavala nagara me Aye, kintu unake sAtha acchA vyavahAra na kiyA gyaa| jaba rAjakumAra ko yaha jJAta huA, to usane rAjya kA parityAga kara unake samIpa hI sAdhu dIkSA lekara tapa kA anuSThAna karane lgaa| mAtA sahadevo putra viyoga se atyanta dukhI huI aura bArta pariNAmoM se bhara kara vyAghrI huii| eka dina usane atyaMta bhUkhI hone ke kAraNa parvatapara dhyAnastha muni sukozala ko hI khA liyaa| sukauzala ne samatAbhAva se karma kAlimA naSTa kara svAtmalAbha kiyaa| iyara muni kovila ne usa vyAdhI ko upadeza diyA jise sunakara use jAti smaraNa ho gayA aura dhanta meM usane sanyAsa pUrvaka zarIra chor3A aura svarga prApta kiyA, kIrtidhavala bhI akSaya pada ko prApta hue / kavine yaha graMtha agravAla vaMzI sAhU AnA ke putra raNamala ke anurodha se banAyA thaa| kavi ne isa grantha ko vi0 saM0 1496 meM mAgha kRSNa dazamI ke dina gvAliyara meM rAjA DUMgarasiMha ke rAjya meM samApta kiyA / " sAma cariu (sammata umara) isa grantha meM chaha saMdhiyAM haiM, jinameM dhAvakAcAra kA kathana karate hue samyaktotpAdaka sundara kathAoM kA saMyojana kiyA hai| graMtha ko antima puSpikA meM 'sammata umuha' kA nAma grantha kAra ne svayaM diyA hai : isa sarisArie saMdasaNa pamUha suddha guNa bharie siri paMDita raha balie siri mahAbhavya seTha sAhU suya sAhU saMpAdiva kumarAja aNumaNie sammata umudda nAma chaTTo saMdhi pariSI samato / " grantha ke Adi meM kavi ne taha sAvaya cariu bhaNehusatya vAkya dvArA zrAvakAcAra kahane kA ullekha kiyA / isase spaSTa hai ki kartA ne grantha ke donoM nAma diye haiN| yadyapi grantha meM zrAvakAcAra kA koI khAsa kathana nahIM kiyA, kintu samyaktvotpAdana sundara dhAu kathAeM paMkti kI hai| ye kathAeM saMskRta kI samyaktakaumudI meM bhI jyoM kI tyoM pAI jAtI haiN| una meM bhASA-bheda avazya vidyamAna hai| sAhu TekkaNi ne isake banAne kI kavi se preraNA kI thii| aura vahI gvAliyara ke golANDAnvacI seu ke putra kuzarAja ko kavi ke samIpa le gayA aura unakA kavi se paricaya karAyA / zrataeva vaha grantha racanA meM preraka hai / sAhU aura kavi raghU ne kuzarAja kI anumati se grantha kI racanA kI hai| kuzarAja mUlasaMgha ke anuyAyI the / isaliye kavi ne mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka padmanandI zubhacandra aura jinacandra kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. siricikkama samayaMvarAti bahuta dumkaa| caudaha saya saMvAra vaSNa, chaNNava ahiya puraM jAya puNA / mAha bujihi dahanI riksa umapa diyara porAdiviri 2. mUla samma / surata| vAyu pariNatapadhAra paMjA ha bhaDArata / puNu sihAla maMDAvA jaga-sa ji kA paMcAdimaMdha diyaa| saha baMbharoha pariNahi divyacAriNa upAya vihi sarasatyAhi bAla siri jirAcaMda bhArata muvi tahu paya-payaruha vaMdivi kaivai / / - jaina grantha prazasti0 za0 2, pR0 72 zavacaritra prazasti

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; > 2 : 471 11vIM 16vIM 17 aura 10vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi kuzarAja gvAliyara ke nivAsI the / unhoMne rAjA DuMgarasiMha ke putra kortisiMha ke rAjyakAla meM dhvajAzra se alaMkRta jinamaMdira kA nirmANa kiyA thA vaha lobha rahita aura para nAro se parAGmukha thA / duHkhI daridrojanoM kA saMpoSaka thaa| ukta sAvayantra riu ( samyaktvakaumudI ) usI kI anumati se racAgayA thaa| iso se pratyeka saMdhi puSpikA vAkya meM - "saMghAhida kasarAja praNumaNie' vAkya ke sAtha ullekha kiyA gayA haiN| isase sAvayacariu kI racanA saM0 1510 ke bAda huI jAna par3atI hai, kyoMki kIrtisiMha saM0 1510 ke bAda gaddI para baiThA thA / 'pAsaNAhapurANa yA pAsaNAhacariu meM 7 sandhiyA~ aura 136 ke lagabhaga kaDabaka haiM, jinameM jainiyoM ke harna tIrthakara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA jIvana paricaya diyA huA hai| pArzvanAtha ke jIvana paricaya ko vyakta karane vAle aneka graMtha prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASA meM tathA hindI meM likhe gaye haiM / parantu unase isameM koI khAsa vizeSatA jJAta nahIM hotii| isa grantha kI racanA joyaNipura (dillI) ke nivAsI sAhU kheU yA khemacanda ko preraNA se kI gaI hai inakA vaMza agravAla aura gotra e dila thaa| khemacaMda ke pitA kA nAma pajaNa sAhU, aura mAtA kA nAma bIlhAdevI thA kintu dharmapatnI kA nAma anI thA usase cAra putra utpanna hue the, sahasarAja, paharAja, raghupati, zrIra holimma / inameM sahasarAja ne giranAra kI yAtrA kA saMgha calAyA thaa| sAhU khemacanda sapta vyasana rahita aura devazAstra guru ke bhakta the| prazasti meM inake parivAra kA vistRta paricaya diyA huA hai| ataeva ukta graMtha unhIM ke nAmAMkita kiyA gayA hai / grantha kI prAdyanta prazasti bar3I hI mahatvapUrNa hai, usase tAtkAlika gvAliyara kI sAmAjika dhArmika, rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM kA yatheSTa paricaya mila jAtA hai| aura usase yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki usa samaya gvAliyara meM jaina samAja kA naitika stara bahuta UMcA thA, aura ye apane kartavya pAlana ke sAtha-sAtha mahimA, paropakAra aura dayAlutA kA jIvana meM sAcaraNa karanA zreSTha mAnate the / grantha bana jAne para sAhU khemacanda ne kavi raidhU ko dvIpAMtaroM se Aye hue vividha vastroM aura AbharaNAdika se sammAnita kiyA thA, aura icchita dAna dekara saMtuSTa kiyA thA / 'balahacariu' (paumacariu ) meM 11 saMdhiyoM aura 240 kar3avaka haiM jinameM balabhadra ( rAmacandra ), lakSmaNa aura sItA Adi kI jIvanagAthA aMkita kI gaI hai, jisakI iloka saMkhyA sAr3he tIna hajAra ke lagabhaga hai / grantha kA kathAnaka bar3A hI rocaka aura hRdayasparzI hai| yaha 15vIM zatAbdI kI jaina rAmAyaNa hai| graMtha ko zailI sIdhI aura sarala hai, usameM zabdADambara ko koI sthAna nahIM diyA gayA, parantu prasaMgavaza kAvyocita varNanoM kA sarvathA prabhAva bhI nahIM hai| rAma kI kathA bar3I lokapriya rahI hai / isase isa para prAkRta saMskRta, apabhraMza aura hindI meM aneka gratha vividha kaviyoM dvArA likhe gae haiN| 1 yaha granya bhI agravAlavaMzI sAhu bAdU ke suputra harasI rAhu kI preraNA evaM anugraha se banAyA gayA hai| sAhU harasI jina zAsana ke bhakta aura kaSAyoM ko kSINa karane vAle the| Agama aura purANa-granthoM ke paThana-pAThana meM samartha, jina pUjA aura supAtradAna meM tatpara tathA rAtri aura dina meM kAyotsarga meM sthita hokara Atma dhyAna dvArA sva-para ke bheda - vijJAna kA anubhava karane vAle, tathA tapazcaraNa dvArA zarIra ko kSINa karane vAle dharmaniSTha vyakti the / AtmavikAsa karanA unakA lakSya thA / grantha kI Adya prazasti meM harasI sAhU ke kudumba kA pUrA paricaya diyA huA hai| grantha meM racanAkAla diyA huA nahIM hai / 'mehesaracariu' meM 23 saMdhiyA~ aura 304 kaDavaka haiN| jinameM bharata cakravartI ke senApati jayakumAra aura unakI dharmapatnI sulocanA ke caritra kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| jayakumAra aura sulocanA kA carita bar3A hI pAvana rahA hai / grantha kI dvitIya tRtIya saMdhiyoM meM Adi brahmA RSabhadeva kA gRhatyAga, tapazcaraNa aura kevalajJAna kI prApti, bharata kI digvijaya, bharata bAhubali yuddha, bAhubali kA tapadacaraNa aura kaMvalya prApti Adi kA kathana diyA huA hai| chaThavIM sandhi ke 23 kaDavakoM meM sulocanAkA svayambara senApati meghazvara (jayakumAra) kA bharata cakravartI ke putra prakIrti ke sAtha yuddha karane kA varNana kiyA hai / 7vIM sandhi meM sulocanA aura medhezvara ke vivAha kA kathana diyA huA hai / ora 8vIM se 13vIM saMdhi taka kubera mitra, hiraNyagarbha kA pUrvabhava varNana tathA bhIma bhaTTAraka kA nirvANa gamana, zrIpAla cakravartI kA haraNa aura mokSa gamana, evaM meghezvara kA tapazcaraNa, nirvANa gamana Adi kA

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAga 2 sundara kathana diyA huA hai| anya kAvya-kalA kI dRSTi se ucca koTi kA hai| grantha meM kavi ne duvaI, gAhA, cAmara, pattA, paddhaDiyA, samAnikA aura mattagayaMda Adi chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / rasoM meM zRMgAra, vIra, bobhatsa aura zAnta rasa kA, tathA rUpaka upamA aura utprekSA Adi malakAroM kI bhI yojanA kI gaI hai| isa kAraNa grantha sarasa aura paThanIya bana gayA hai| kavi ne grantha meM apane se pUrvavartI nimna kaviyoM aura unakI kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / kavi cakravartI bhIra rona, devananTI para nAma gAda (stI sana 475 se 525 I0) janendra vyAkaraNa, vajrasena aura unakA par3adarzana pramANa nAma kA jaina nyAya grantha kA, raviSeNa (vi0 saM0 734) tathA unakA pArita, pulATasaMdhI jinasena (vi0 saM0840)aura unakA harivaMza, mahAkabi svayabhU, caturmukha tathA puSpadanta, devasena kA mahesa racariu (jayakamArasulocanA carita) dinakarasena kA anaMgacarita / grantha kI pAdyanta prazastiyoM meM grantha racanA meM preraka gvAliyara nagara ke seTha agravAla kalAvataMza sAha kheU yA khemasiMha ke parivAra kA vistRta paricaya diyA huyA hai| aura anya kI pratyeka sandhi ke prArambha meM kavi ne saMskRta zlokoM meM AzrayadAtA ukta sAhU kI maMgala kAmanA kI hai| dvitIya saMdhi ke prArambha kA nimta padya dRSTavya hai| tIrthazo vRSabhezvaro gaNanuto gaurIzvaro zaMkaro, prAvIzo hariNadhito gaNapatiH shriimaanyugaadiprbhu| nAbheyo zivavAddhivardhana zaziH kaivalyabhAbhAsuraH, kSemAsyasya guNAMnvitasya sumateH kuryAcchivaM so jinH| isa padya meM RSabhadeva ke jo vizeSaNa prayukta hue haiM ve jahA~ unakI prAcInatA ke dyotaka haiM, vahAM ve RSabhadeva paura ziva kI sAdRzyatA kI jhAMkI bhI prastuta karate haiN| grantha sundara hai aura ise prakAza meM lAnA caahiye| riNamicariu' yA 'harivaMza purANa' grantha meM 14 sandhiyA~ aura 302 kar3abaka haiM tathA 1600 ke lagabhaga padya hoMge, jinameM RSabha carita, harivaMzotpatti, basUdeva aura unakA pUrva bhava kathAnaka, bandhuvAndhavoM se milApa, kaMsa balabhadra aura nArAyaNa ke bhavoM kA varNana, nArAyaNa janma, kaMsavadha, pANDavoM kA jue meM hAranA dropadI kA cIra harana, pANDavoM kA ajJAtavAsa, pradyumna ko vidyA prApti aura zrIkRSNa se milApa, jarAsaMdha vadha, kRSNa kA rAjyAdi sukhabhoga neminAtha kA janma, bAlyakrIDA yauvana, vivAhameM vairAgya, dIkSA tathA tapazcaraNa kevalajJAna aura nirvANa prApti mAdi kA kayana diyA hai| grantha meM jainiyoM ke bAIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna neminAtha ko jIvana-ghaTanAmoM kA paricaya diyA hamA hai / neminAtha yaduvaMzI kSatrI the aura the kRSNa ke cacere bhaaii| unhoMne pazunoM ke baMdhana khulavAe aura saMsAra ko asAratA ko dekha, bairAgI ho tapazcaraNa dvArA prAtma-zodhana kiyA, sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI bane, aura jagata ko Atmahita karane kA sundaratama mArga batalAyA / unakA nirvANa sthAna Urjayanta giri yA revatagiri hai jo Aja bhI neminAtha ke pratIta jIvana ko jhA~ko ko prastuta karatA hai| tIrthaMkara nemikumAra kI tapazcaryA aura caraNa raja se vaha kevala pAvana hI nahIM huA, kintu usakI mahattA loka meM Aja bhI maujUda hai| isa grantha kI racanA yoginIpura (dillI) se uttara kI ora vase hue kisI nikaTavartI nagara kA nAma thA jo pATha kI prazuddhi ke kAraNa jJAta nahIM ho sakA / grantha kI racanA usa nagara ke nivAsI goyala gotrIya agravAla vaMzI mahAbhavya sAhu lAhA ke putra saMghAdhipa sAha loNA kI preraNA se huI hai| grantha kI mAdyanta prazastiyoM meM sAha loNA ke parivAra kA saMkSipta paricaya karAyA gayA hai| kavi ne grantha meM apane se pUrvavartI vidvAnoM aura unake kucha granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, devanandi (pUjyapAda) jainendra vyAkaraNa, jinasena (mahApurANa) raviSeNa (jaMna rAmAyaNa-padmacarita) kamalakIti aura unake paTTadhara zubhacandra kA nAmollekha hai| jinakA paTTAbhiSeka kanakagiri vartamAna sonAgiri meM meM hanA thA' sAtha hI kavi 1. kamala kiti uttama samadhArau, bhambaha-bhava-aMboriNahi-tArau / tassa paTTa karaNyATi pariTThila, siri-suhacaMda su-taba-ukkaMTTiu // harivaMza pu. pra.

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15vIM, 16vI, 12vIM aura 18vIM bAtAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi ne apane riTThaNe micariu se pahale banAI huI apanI nimna racanAoM ke bhI nAma diye hue haiN| mahApurANa, bharata menApati carita (meghezvara carita) jasaharacariu (yazodharacarita) vittasAra, jIvaMdhara cariu aura pAsacariu kA nAmo. lekha kiyA hai| andha meM racanAkAla nahIM diyA, isalie yaha nizcita batalAnA to kaThina hai ki yaha grandha kaba banA? phira bhI anya sUtroM se yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki prastuta grantha vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdo ke antima caraNa yA 16vIM ke prathama caraNa me racA gayA hai| prastuta 'SaNakumAra cariu' meM cAra sandhiyAM aura 74 kar3avaka haiN| jinakI zloka saMkhyA 800 zlokoM ke lagabhaga hai jinameM dhanakumAra kI jIvana-gAthA aMkita kI gaI hai| prastuta grantha ko racanA Arona jilA gvAliyara nivAso jaisavAla baMzI sAhu puNyapAla ke putra sAhu bhullaNa kI preraNA evaM anurodha se huI hai| prataeva ukta grantha unhIM ke nAmAMkita kiyA gayA hai| grantha kI pAdya prazasti meM sAha bhullaNa ke parivAra kA vistRta paricaya karAyA gayA hai| isa grantha kI racanA kaba huI ? yaha granthaprazasti para se kucha jJAta nahIM hotA; kyoMki usameM racanA kAla diyA huA nahIM hai / kintu prazasti meM isa grantha ke pUrvavartI race hue granthoM ke nAmoM meM 'mijiNida cariu (harivaMza purANa) kA bhI ullekha hai isase spaSTa hai ki yaha grantha usake bAda banAyA gayA hai| 'jasahara cariu' meM 4 sandhiyA~ aura 104 kaDavaka haiM jinako zloka saMkhyA 77 ke lagabhaga hai / granya meM yogheya dezake rAjA yazodhara aura candramatI kA jIvana paricaya diyA huyA hai / grantha kA kathAnaka sundara aura hRdayagrAhI hai aura vaha jova dayA ko popaka vArtAmoM se ota-prota hai| yadyapi rAjA yazodhara ke sambaMdha meM saMskRtabhASA meM aneka carita grantha likhe gae haiM jinameM prAcArya somadeva kA 'yazastilaka campU' sabase uccakoTi kA kAvya-grantha hai parantu apabhraMza bhASA ko yaha dUsaro racanA hai prathama grantha mahAkavi puSpadanta kA hai| yadyapi bha0 amarakoti ne bho 'jasahara narija' nAma kA ganya livA thA: paraMtu vaha abhI taka anupalabdha hai| ai050 sarasvatI bhavana vyAvara meM isakI sacitra prati vidyamAna hai / isa grantha kI racanA bhaTTAraka kamalakIti ke anurodha se tathA yoginIpura (dillI) nivAsI agravAla vaMzI sAha kamalasiMha ke putra sAhu hemarAja ko preraNA se huI hai| ataeva andha unhIM ke nAma kiyA gayA hai| ukta sAha parivAra ne giranAra jI ko tIrthayAtrA kA saMgha calAyA thaa| grantha ko Adyanta prazasti meM sAha kamalasiMha ke parivAra kA vistRta paricaya karAyA gayA hai / kavi ne yaha grantha lAhar3apura ke jodhA sAha ke vihAra meM baMTakara banAyA hai, aura use svayaM 'dayArasabhara guNapavita'--pavitra dayArUpI rasa se bharA huA batalAyA hai| 'praNayamI kahA' meM rAtribhojana ke doSoM aura usase hone vAlI vyAdhiyoM kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki do ghahI dina ke rahane para zrAvaka loga bhojana kareM, kyoMki sUrya ke teja kA maMda udaya rahanepara hRdaya-kamala sakucita ho jAtA hai ataH rAtri bhojana ke tyAga kA vidhAna dhArmika tathA zArIrika svAsthya kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai jaisA ki usake nimna do padyoM se prakaTa hai :-- "ji roya-baladdiya dINa praNAha, ji kuTTha-galiya kara karaNa savAha / buhagga ji pariyaNu bAgu praNeha, sa-raNihi bhoyaNa phasu ji muha / ghar3I dui vAsaru yakkA jAma, subhoyaNa sAvaya bhuMhi taam| vivAyaru tejaji maMdata hoi, sakuzcai cittaha kamatu jiva soi / " kathA racane kA uddezya bhojana sambandho pasaMyama se rakSA karanA hai, jisase prAramA dhArmika maryAdAoM kA pAlana karate hue zarIra ko svastha banAye rakhe / 'siddhAMtArthasAra' kA viSaya bhI saiddhAMtika hai aura apabhraMza ke gAthA chaMda meM racA gayA hai| isameM samyagdarzana jIva svarUpa, guNasthAna, vrata, samiti, iMdriya-nirodha Adi Avazyaka kriyAmoM kA svarUpa, aTThAIsa mUlaguNa, praSTakarma, dvAdazAMgadha ta, labdhisvarUpa, dvAdazAnupaMkSA dazalakSaNadharma; aura dhyAnoM ke svarUpa kA kathana diyA gayA hai| isa anya ko racanA vaNikavara zreSTho khemasI sAha yA sAha khemacandra ke nimita kI gaI hai| parantu kheda hai ki upalabdha granya

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474 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 kA aMtima bhAga khaMDita hai| lekhaka ne kucha jagaha chor3akara lipi puSpikA kI pratilipi kara dI hai| grantha ke zurU meM kavi ne likhA hai ki yadi maiM ukta sabhI viSayoM ke kathana meM skhalita ho jAUM to cala grahaNa nahIM karanA caahie| yaha grantha bhI tomara vaMzI rAjA kIrtisiMha ke rAjya meM rakhA gayA hai| 'vRttasAra' meM chaha sarga yA aMka (adhyAya) haiM / grantha kA antima patra truTita hai jisameM granthakAra kI prazasti ucita hogii| yaha pranya apabhraMza ke gAyA chaMda meM racA gayA hai, jinakI saMkhyA 750 hai voca bIca meM saMskRta ke gadya-padyamaya vAkya bhI granthAMtaroM se pramANa svarUpa meM uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| prathama adhikAra meM samyagdarzana kA sundara vivecana hai aura dUsare adhikAra meM midhyAtvAdi chaha guNasthAnoM kA svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA hai| tIsare adhikAra maiM zeSa guNa-sthAnoM kA aura karmasvarUpa kA varNana hai| cauthe adhikAra meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA kathana diyA huA hai| pA~caveM aMka meM dazalakSaNa dharma kA nirdeza hai aura chaThaveM adhyAya meM dhyAna kI vidhi aura svarUpAdi kA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai / grantha sampAdita hokara hindI anuvAda ke sAtha prakAza meM Ane vAlA hai / 'puNNAsa kahA koza' meM 13 saMdhiyAM dI huI haiM jinameM puSya kA Asava karane vAlI sundara kathAyoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| prathama sandhi meM samyaktva ke doSoM kA varNana hai, jinheM samyaktvI ko TAlane kI preraNA kI gaI hai| dUsarI saMdhi meM samyatatva ke nizzaMkitAdiSTa guNoM kA svarUpa nirdiSTa karate hue unameM prasiddha hone vAle yaMjana cora kA cittAkarSaka kamAnaka diyA huA hai tIsarI saMdhi meM nikAMkSita aura nirvicikitsA ina do aMgoM meM prasiddha hone vAle anantamatI maura uditodaya rAjA kI kathA dI gii| cauthI saMdhi meM dRSTi mora sthitikaraNa aMga meM revatI rAmo dharaNika rAjA ke putra vAriSeNa kA kathAnaka diyA huA hai| pAMcavI sandhi meM upagrahana aMga kA kathana karate hue usameM prasiddha jinabhakta seTha ko kathA dI huI hai| sAtavIM sandhi meM prabhAvanA aMga kA kathana diyA huA hai / zraThavIM saMdhi meM pUjA kA phala, navamI saMdhi meM paMcanamaskAra maMtra kA phala dazavoM rAdhi meM dhAgamabhakti kA phala aura gyArahavI saMdhi meM satI sItA ke zIla kA varNana diyA huA hai| bAharavIM sandhi meM upavAsa kA phala pora 13voM sadhi meM pAtradAna ke phala kA varNana kiyA hai| isa taraha grantha kI ye saba kathAyeM bar3I hI rocaka aura zikSAprada hai / J isa grantha kA nirmANa agravAla kulAvataMsa sAhu nemidAsa kI preraNA evaM anurodha se huA hai aura yaha grantha unhIM ke nAmAMkita kiyA hai / grantha ko zrAdyanta prazastiyoM meM nemidAsa aura unake kuTumba kA vistRta paricaya diyA huyA hai aura batAyA hai ki sAhu nemidAsa joiNipura (dillI) ke nivAsI me ghora sAhU tosau ke cAra putroM meM se prathama the| nemidAsa dhAvaka vratoM ke pratipAlaka, zAstrasvAdhyAya, pAtradAna, dayA aura paropakAra yAdi satkAryo meM pravRtti karate the| unakA citta samudAra thA aura loka meM unakI dhArmikatA aura sujanatA kA sahaja hI AbhAsa ho jAtA hai, aura unake dvArA gaNita mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa karAye jAne, mandira banavAne ghora pratiSThi/di mahotsava sampanna karane kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAhu nemidAsa candravADa ke rAjA pratAparuddha se sammAnita the / ve sambhavataH usa samaya dillI se candravADa cale gae the, aura vahAM hI nivAsa karane lage the unake anya kuTumbI jana usa samaya dillI meM hI raha rahe the rAjA pratAparudra cauhAna vaMzI rAjA rAmacaMdra ke putra the, jinakA rAjya vikrama saM 1468 meM vahAM vidyamAna thaa| grantha meM usako racanAkAla diyA huA nahIM hai, parantu usakI racanA pandrahavIM 1. ziva yAvarudda sammANi - puNyAtraya prazasti / 2. candravADa ke sambandha meM lekhaka kA svatantra lekha dekhie / saM0 1468 meM rAjA rAmacandra ke rAjya meM candravAha meM amarakIti ke karmopadeza kI pratinidhi kI gaI thI jo aba nAgaura ke bhaTTArakoya zAstra kAra meM surakSita hai yathAaya saMvatsare 1468 varSe jyeSTha kRSNa paMcadazyAM zukravAsare zrImaccandrapATa nagare mahArAjAdhirAja zrIrAma canda devarAjye / tatra zrI kuMdakuMdAcAryAnvaye zrI mUlasaMgha gujaragoSThi tadvayamagiriyA sAhU bhI jamasIhA mAya: somA tayoH putrAH (rArA) prathama usIha (dvitIya) sohi tRtIya paharAja caturtha sahAdeva jyeSTha putra usI bhAga to tasva trayoH jyeSTha puSA, delhA dvitIya rAma tRtIya mIsama jyeSTha putra devhA bhAryA hiro (tayoH putrAH dvayoH jyeSTha putra hA dvitIya putra nArIkarmapadezAta dubha puSTi grIvA]] dRSTi rakho mukhaM kaSTena nivitaM pApalena paripAlaye // nAgaura kAra

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/ | 'bhaTTAraka aura kavi 475 kyoMki usake bAda muslima zAsakoM ke hamaloM se candravADa kI zrI 15vI, 16vIM 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya zatAbdI ke aMtima caraNa meM huI jAna par3atI hai| sampannatA ko bhArI kSati pahuMcI thI / kavi ne grantha kI pratyeka saMdhi ke prArambha meM grantha racanA meM preraka sAhu nemidAsa kA jayaghoSa karate hue maMgala kAmanA kI hai| jaisA ki usake nimnaSadyoM se prakaTa hai pratAparAja vizva tastrikAladevArcanavaMthitA zubhA / janasazAstrAmRtapAnazuddhadhIH ciraM kSitau natu nemidAsaH // 3 Refa guNAnurAgI zreyAnniya pAtradAna vidhidakSaH / tosau kulanabhacandro nanvatu mityeva nemivAsAkhyaH // 48 // grantha prabhI taka aprakAzita hai, use prakAza meM lAnA zrAvazyaka hai| 1 'jIvaMdhara cariu' meM teraha saMdhiyAM dI huI haiN| prastuta grantha meM darzana vizuddhayAdi SoDazakAraNa bhAvanAoM kA phala varNana kiyA gayA hai| unakA phala prApta karane vAle jIvaMdhara tIrthaMkara kI rocaka kathA dI gaI hai| prastuta jobadhara svAmI pUrva videha kSetra ke amarAvatI deza meM sthita gaMdharvarAja (rAja) nagara ke rAjA sImaMdhara aura unakI paTTa mahiSI mahAdevI ke putra the / inhoMne darzanavizuddhayAdi SoDaza kAraNa bhAvanAtroM kA bhaktibhAva se ciMtana kiyA thA, jisake phalasvarUpa ve dharma-tIrtha ke pravartaka tIrthaMkara hue| grantha kA kathA bhAga bar3A ho sundara hai / parantu praya prati atyaMta pradyuddharUpa meM pratilipi kI gaI hai jAna par3atA hai| pratilipikAra purAnI lipi kA abhyAsI nahIM thA / pratilipi karavA kara punaH jAMca bhI nahIM kI gaI / isa graMtha kA nirmANa karAne vAle sAhU kunyadAsa haiM, jo sambhavataH gvAliyara ke nivAsI the| kavi ne isa granthako ukta sAhu ko 'zravaNa bhUSaNa' prakaTa kiyA hai| sAtha hI unheM grAcArya caraNa sevI, sapta vyasana rahita, tyAgo dhavalakIti vAlA, zAstroM ke artha ko niraMtara avadhAraNa karanevAlA aura zubha matI batalAte hue unheM sAhu hemarAja aura molhA devI kA putra batalAyA gayA hai / kavi ne unake ciraMjIva hone kI kAmanA bhI kI hai jaisA ki dvitIya saMdhi ke prathama padma se jJAta hotA hai / 'jo bhatto sUrivAe visaNasamasayA ji viratA sa eyo / jo cAI putta bANe sasipaha dhavalI kisi valliku tejo| jo nityo sara ye visaya suhamaI hemarAyassa tAo / so molhI aMga jAmro 'bhavadu iha dhuvaM kuMthuvAso thirAmro / ' 'siripAlacarita' yA siddhacakra vidhi' meM daza saMdhiyA~ dI huI haiM, aura jinakI prAnumAnika zloka saMkhyA do hajAra do sau batalAI hai| isameM campApura ke rAjA zrIpAla aura unake sabhI sAthiyoM kA siddhacakravrata (zraSTAhvikA vrata) ke prabhAva se kuSTha roga dUra ho jAne prAdi kI kathA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai aura siddhacata kA mAhAtmya khyApita karate hue usake anuSThAna kI preraNA kI gaI hai| grantha kA kathAbhAga bar3A hI sundara aura cittAkarSaka hai ! bhASA sarala tathA subodha hai / yadyapi zrIpAla ke jIvana paricaya mora siddhacakravrata ke mahatva ko citrita karane vAle saMskRta, hiMdI gujarAtI bhASA meM aneka grantha likhe gae haiN| paraMtu apabhraMza bhASA kA yaha dUsarA grantha hai / prathama grantha paMDita narasena kA hai| prastuta grantha gvAliyara nivAsI agravAla vaMzI sAhU bATU ke caturtha putra harisI sAhU ke anurodha se banAyA hai kavi ne prazasti meM unake kuTumba kA saMkSipta paricaya bhI aMkita kiyA hai / kavi ne grantha kI pratyeka saMdhiyoM ke prArambha meM saMskRta padyoM meM grantha nirmANa meM preraka ukta sAhu kA yazogAna karate hue unakI maMgala kAmanA kI hai| jaisA ki 7vIM saMdhi ke nimna padma se prakaTa hai / yaH satyaM vadati vratAni kurute zAstraM paThetyAva rAt mohaM suJcati gacchatisva samayaM dhatte nirohaM padaM /

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406 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 pApaM lumpati pAti jIvanivahaM dhyAnaM samAlambate / so'yaM naMdatu sAdhureva haraSI puSNAti dharma sadA / kavi kI anya kRtiyA~ : ina granthoM ke pratirikta RSi kI 'daza lakSaNa jayamAlA' zrIra 'poDazakAraNa jayamAlA' ye donoM pUjA grantha bhI mudrita ho cuke haiN| inake sivAya paJjuNNa cariu, sudasaMNacariu, karakaNDucariu ye tInoM grantha abhI anupalabdha haiM / inakA anveSaNakArya cAlU hai / / 'so'haM yudi' nAma kI eka choTI-sI racanA bhI anekAMta meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| abhI abhI sUcanA prApta huI hai ki raghu kavi kA tisaTTi purisa guNAlaMkAra ( mahApurANa) grantha bArAbakI ke zAstra bhaNDAra se paM0 kailAzacandra si0 zA0 ko prApta huA hai, jisakI patra saMkhyA 465 hai 50 saMdhiyAM 1357 kadavaka haiM / yaha prati saM0 1466 kI likhI huI hai / - siddhacakra vidhi ( zrapAlaca0 saMdhi 3 ) kavi dhU ne apane se pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA apanI racanAoM meM sasammAna ullekha kiyA hai| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM- 1 devanandI (pUjyapAda ) 2 raviSaiNa 3 caumuha 4 droNa 5 svayaMbhUdeva, 6 vajrasena, 7 punnATa saMghI jinasena 8 puSpadanta aura dinakara sena kA anaMga crit| inameM se adhikAMza kaviyoM kA paricaya isI graMtha meM anyatra diyA humA hai / basA- kavi haricanda kavi haricanda kA vaMza agravAla hai| pitA kA nAma jaMDU aura mAtA kA nAma bIlhAdevI thaa| kavi ne apane guru kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA / kavi kI eka mAtra racanA 'praNatthamiya kahA' hai| prastuta kathA meM 16 kar3avaka diye hue hai, jinameM rAtri bhojana se hone vAlI hAniyoM ko dikhalAte hue usakA tyAga karane kI preraNA ko gaI hai aura batalAyA hai ki jisa taraha dhandhA manuSya grAsako zuddhi zuddhi sundaratA Adi kA avalokana nahIM kara sktaa| usI prakAra sUrya ke prasta ho jAne para rAtri meM bhojana karane vAle logoM se kIr3I, pataMgA, jhIMgura, ciuTo DAMsa macchara bAdi sUkSma aura sthUla jIvoM kI rakSA nahIM ho sktii| bijalI kA prakAza bhI unheM rokane meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| rAtri meM bhojana karane se bhojana meM una viSaile jIvoM ke peTa meM cale jAne se aneka taraha ke roga ho jAte haiM, unase zArIrika svAsthya ko bar3I hAni uThAnI par3atI hai| prataH dhArmika dRSTi aura svAsthya ko dRSTi se rAtri meM bhojana kA parityAga karanA ho yaskara hai jaisA ki kavi ke nimna padma se spaSTa hai: jihi biTTi jaya saraha aMdhujema, nahi gAla-suddhi bhaNa hoya kema / kima koDa-payaMga bhiMgurAdda pippIlAI DaMsa maccharAI / khajjUraI kaSNalalAiyAeM pravarai jIva je bahu savAI / aNNANI Nisi bhuMjaMta eNa, pasu sarisa pariu dhappA teNa // jaMvAli vivINaukari ujjovaja grahiu jIu saMbhavaI parA / bhramarAI payaMga bahuviha bhaMgaI maMDiya bIsai' jityu dharA // 5 // kavi ne grantha meM racanAkAla nahIM diyaa| parantu racanA para se vaha racanA 15vIM zatAbdI ko jAna par3atI hai| ma0 padmanandI muni padmanI bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke paTTadhara vidvAna the| vizuddha siddhAntaratnAkara aura pratibhA dvArA pratiSThA ko prApta hue the| unake zuddha hRdaya meM prabheda bhAva se AliGgana karatI huI jJAna rUpI haMsI AnandapUrvaka anekAnta varSa 6 kiraNa meM prakAzita mahAkavi raghU nAma kA lekha tathA varNI pratiSThA pratibhAga riSThaH / pacanandI || - zubhacanda paTTAvalI 1. vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekhie abhinandana grantha pR0 368 / 2. zrImAn munIndra paTTe, zazvata vizuddha siddhAnta rahasya ratnaratnAkarAnandatu

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15vI 16vIM 17vI aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 477 krIDA karatI thI ve syAdAda sindhu rUpa pramata ke vardhaka the| unhoMne jinadIkSA dhAraNa kara jinavANo yora pazvA ko pabitra kiyA thaa| mahAvatI purandara tathA zAnti se rAgAMkura dagdha karane bAle ve paramahaMsa nirgrantha, puruSArtha zAlA, prazeSa zAstrajJa sarvahita parAyaNa munizreSTa padyanandI jayavanta rheN| ina vizeSaNoM se paDAnando kI mahattA kA mahaja hI bodha ho jAtA hai| inakI jAti brAhmaNa thii| eka bAra pratiSThA mahotsava ke samaya vyavasthApaka gRhastha kI avidyamAnatA meM prabhAcandra ne usa utsava ko paTTAbhiSeka kA rUpa dekara padyanandI ko agopaTTa para pratiSThita kiyA thaa| inake paTTa para pratiSThita hone kA samaya paTAvalI meM saM0 1385 pauSa zuklA saptamI banalAyA gayA hai| ve usa paTTa para saMvat 1473 taka to AsIna rahe hI haiN| isake atirikta aura kitane samaya taka rahe, yaha kucha jJAta nahIM humA, aura na yaha hI jJAta ho sakA ki unakA svargavAsa kahAM aura kaba humA hai ? kucha vidvAnoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki padmanando bhaTTAraka pada para sa. 1465 taka rahe haiM / isa sambandha meM unhoMne koI puSTa pramANa to nahIM diyA, kintu unakA kevala vaisA anumAna mAtra hai pora yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki paraTa para zubhacandra ko pratiSThita kara pratiSThAdi kArya sampanna kiye hoM kucha samaya aura apane jIvana se bhUma ila kA avakRta karate rahe hoN| ataH isa mAnyatA meM koI prAmANikatA nahIM jAna pdd'to| kyoMki saMvat 14.73 kA padmakIti cita pArzvanAtha carita kI prazasti se spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai ki padmanandI usa samaya taka paTTa para virAjamAna zra, jaisA ki prazasti ke nimna vAkya se prakaTa hai--- "kUnya kUvAcAryAnvaye bhazrI ratnakoti devAsteSAM paTTe bhaTTAraka zrI prabhAcandra devA tatpaTaTe bha0 strI padma mandi devAsteSAM paTTa prabartamAne (mudrita pAzrvanAtha carita prazasti) isase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki padmanandI dIrghajIvI the| paTAvalI meM unakI Ayu ninyAnave varSa aThAIsa dina kI batalAI gaI hai aura paTTakAla paMsaTha varSa ATha dina batalAyA hai / yahA~ itanA aura prakaTa kara denA ucita jAna par3atA hai ki vi0 saM0 1476 meM asavAla kavi dvArA racita 'pAsaNAhacariu' meM padmanandI ke paTTa para pratiSThita hone vAle na zubhacandra kA ullezanimnAgoM meM kiyA hai"taho paSTravara sasiNAmeM suhasasi maNi payarSakayacaMda ho|" cUMki saM0 1474 meM papanandI dvArA pratiSThita mati lekha upalabdha hai, mataH usase spaSTa zAta hotA hai ki pamanandI ne saM0 1474 ke bAda aura saM01479 se pUrva kisI samaya zubhacandra ko apane pada para pratiSThita kiyA thaa| kadimasavAla ne kuzAtaM deza ke karahala nagara meM saM0 1471 meM hone vAle pratipThotsava gA ullekha kiyA hai| aura padyanandI ke ziSya kavi halla yA jayamitra halla dvArA racita 'mahilaNAha' kAvya kI prazasA kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / ukta grantha bha0 pamanandI ke pada para pratiSThita rahate hue unake ziSya dvArA racA gayA thA / kavi haricanda ne apanA vardhamAna kAvya bhI lagabhaga usI samaya racA thaa| isI se usameM kavi ne unakA khulA yazogAna kiyA hai:'patmaNaMvi muNiNAha gaNiva, caraNa saraNa guru kA haribaha -(vardhamAna kAvya) mApake aneka ziSya the, jinheM pAnandI ne svayaM zikSA dekara vidvAna banAyA thaa| bha0 zubhacanda, to unake 1. haMsojJAnamarAlikA samasamA zlevaprabhUtAbhutA / mandaM korati mAnaseti vizade yasyAnizaM samvataH / / sthAvAdAmRtasindhuvardhanaviSau shriimprbhenduprbhaaH| paTTa sUri mallikA sa jayatAt zrIpapranandI muniH / / mahAvata purandaraH praramadagSa rogAGkuraH / sphuratparamapauruSaH sthitiraghoSazAstrArthavit yazobhara manoharIkRta samastavizvambharaH / paropakati tatparo jayati ppnndiishvrH|| -zubhacandra paTTAvalo

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471 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 paTTadhara ziSya the hI, kintu Apake anya tIna ziSyoM se bhaTTAraka padoM kI tIna paramparAe prArambha huI thoM jinakA bhAge zAkhA-prazAkhA rUpa meM vistAra huA hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacanda dillI paramparA ke vidvAna the| inake dvArA 'siddhacakra' ko kathA racI gaI hai| jise unhoMne sampAdRSTi jAlAka ke liye banAI tho / bha. sakalakoti se IDara ko gaddI prAra devendrakIrti me sUrata kI gaddI kI sthApanA huI yo| cUMki pacanandI mUlasaMgha ke vidvAna the mataH inako paramparA se mUla saMgha kI paramparA kA vistAra hunaa| papanandI apane samaya ke acche vidvAna, vicAraka nIra prabhAvazAlI bhaTTAraka the| bhara nAkA kIrti ne inake pAsa Ata varSa rahakara dharma, darzana, chanda, kAvya, vyAkaraNa, koSa, sAhitya pAdi kA jJAna prApta kiyA thA aura kavitA meM nipuNatA prApta kI thii| bhaTTAraka sakalakIti ne apanI racanAoM meM unakA sa-sammAna ullekha kiyA hai nandI kevala gaddI dhArI bhaTTAraka hI nahIM the, kintu jaina saMskRti ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM sadA sAvadhAna rahate the| pagranandI pratiSThAcArya bhI the| inake dvArA vibhinna sthAnoM para aneka mUrtiyoM ko pratiSThA kI gaI thii| jahAM ve maMtra-taMtravAdI the, vahAM ve pratyanta vivekazIla aura catura the| mApake dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ vibhinna sthAnoM ke mandiroM meM pAI jAtI hai| pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke liye do mUrti lekha nIce diye jAte haiM: 1prAvinAya-oM saMvata 1450 vaizAkha sudI 12 gurau zrI cahavANa vaMza kuzezaya mArtaNa sAravaM vikamanya zrImata svarUpa bhUpAnvaya jhagdevAtmajasya bhaSaja zakrasya zrI savAnapateH rAjye pravartamAne zrI malasaMdhe canda deva, tatpar3he zrI padamanandhi veva tabupadheze golArADAnvaye-- -(bhaTTAraka sampradAya 862) 2.arahaMta-haritavarNa kRSNamati-saM01463 varSe mAgha subI 13 zuke zrI mUla saMdhe paTTAcArya zrI padama mandi vA golArAmadhape sAdhu nAgadeva sut----| (iTAyA ke jaina mUrti lekha-prAcIna jaina lekha saMgraha pR0 38) aitihAsika ghaTanA bha.pagranandI ke sAnidhya meM dillI kA eka saMgha giranAra jI ko yAtrA ko gayA thaa| usa samaya zvetAmbara sampradAya kA bhI eka saMgha ukta tIrtha kI yAtrArtha yahA~ mAyA huA thaa| usa samaya donoM saMghoM meM yaha vivAda chir3a gayA ki pahale kauna bandanA kare, jaba vivAda ne tUla pakar3a liyA aura kucha bhI nirNaya na ho sakA, taba usake zama nArtha yaha yukti socI gaI ki jo saMgha sarasvatI se apane ko 'mAdya' kahalA degA, vahI saMgha pahale yAtrA ko jA sakegA ata: bhaTTAraka nandI ne pASANa kI sarasvatI devI ke mukha se 'mAdya digambara' zabda kahalA diyA, pariNAmasvarUpa digambaroM ne pahale yAtrA kI, aura bhagavAna neminAtha kI bhakti pUrvaka pUjA kii| usake bAda zvetAmbara sampradAya ne kii| usI samaya se balAtkAragaNa kI prasiddhi mAnI jAtI hai| ve padya isa prakAra hai : pavamanamci gurujatio blaatkaargnnaaprnnii| pASANaghaTitA yena vAvitA zrI srsvtii|| arjayansa girotena gaccha: sArasvato'bhavat / atastasmai munIndrAya namaH zrI pavamanadhine // yaha aitihAsika ghaTanA prastuta padmanandI ke jIvana ke sAtha ghaTita huI thii| padmanandI nAma sAmya ke kAraNa kucha vidvAnoM ne isa ghaTanA kA sambandha prAcArya pravara kundakunda ke sAtha jor3a diyA / vaha Thoka nahIM hai| kyoMki kundakundAcArya mUla saMgha ke pravartaka prAcIna muni puMgava haiM aura ghaTanAkrama prarvAcIna hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha ghaTanA mA. kundakunda ke samaya kI nahIM hai| isakA sambandha to bhaTrAraka padmanandI se hai| 1. zrIpayanandI munirAjapaTTe zubhopadezI zubhacandradevaH / zrIsivacakrasya kathA'vasAraM kAra bhvyaaNbujbhaanumaalii| (jainagrantha prazasti saM0 mA.11.88)

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14vIM 16vIM 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi racanAe~ padmanandi zrAvakA nandI kI aneka racanAe~ haiN| jinameM devazAstra guru-pUjana saMskRta, siddhapUjA saMskRta, cArasArodvAra, vardhamAnakAvya, jorApalli pArzvanAtha stotra prAra bhAvanAcatuvizati / inake pratirikta vItarAga stotra, zAntinAtha stotra bhI padmanandI kRta haiM, para donoM stotroM, deva-zAstra guru pUjA tathA siddhapUjA meM padmanandi kA nAmollekha to milatA hai, parantu usameM bha0 prabhAcanda kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| jaba ki anya racanAmroM meM prabhAcanda kA spaSTa ullekha hai, isaliye una racanAoM ko binA kisI Thosa sAdhAra ke prastuta padmanandoM ko hI racanAeM. nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ho sakatA hai ki ve bhI inhI kI kRti rahIM hoM / zrAvakAcArasArovAra saMskRta bhASA kA padya baddha grantha hai, usameM tIna pariccheda hai jinameM zrAvaka dharma kA acchA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isa grantha ke nirmANa meM lambakaMcuka kulAnvayI (lamecUvaMzaja) sAhU vAsAdhara preraka haiN|" prazasti meM unake pitAmaha kA bhI nAmollekha kiyA hai jinhoMne 'supakArasAra' nAmaka graMtha ko racanA kI thii| yaha grantha grabhI anupalabdha hai / vidvAnoM ko usakA anveSaNa karanA caahie| isa grantha kI antima prazasti meM kartA ne sAhU vAsAghara ke parivAra kA acchA paricaya karAyA hai| aura batalAyA hai ki gokarNa ke putra somadeva hue, jo candravADa ke rAjA abhayavandra aura jayacandra ke samaya pradhAna mantrI the / somadeva kI patnI kA nAma premasiri thA, usase sAta putra utpanna hue the / vAsAdhara, harirAja, prahalAda, mahArAja, bhavarAja ratanAkhya aura satanAkhya / inameM se jyeSTha putra sAdhara sabase adhika buddhimAna, dharmAtmA zIra kartavyaparAyaNa thaa| inakI preraNA aura zrAgraha se ho muni padmanandI ne ukta zravAkAcAra kI racanA kI thii| sAhU vAsAvara ne candravADa meM eka jinamandira banavAyA thA aura unako pratiSThA vidhi bhI sampanna kI thii| kavi dhanapAla ke zabdoM meM vAsAdhara samyagdRSTi, jinacaraNoM kA bhakta jainadharma ke pAlana meM tatpara, dayAlu, bahulAMka mitra midhyAtva rahita aura vizuddha cittavAlA thaa| bha0 prabhAcandra ke ziSya ghanapAla ne bhI saM0 1454 meM caMdravADa nagara meM ukta vAsAdhara kI preraNA se apabhraMza bhASA meM bAhubaloMcarita kI racanA kI thI / dUsarI kRti vardhamAna kAvya yA jinarAtri kathA hai, jisake prathama sarga meM 356 aura dUsare sarga meM 205 zloka haiN| jinameM antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai, kintu grantha meM racanAkAla nahIM diyA jisase usakA nizcita samaya batalAnA kaThina hai| isa grantha kI eka prati jayapura ke pArzvanAtha di0 jaina maMdira ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM avasthita hai jisakA lipikAla saM0 1518 hai aura dUsarI prati saM0 1522 ko likhI huI gopIpurA sUrata ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM surakSita hai| inake atirikta 'anaMtavrata kathA' bhI bha0 prabhAcaMdra ke ziSya nando ko banAI upalabdha hai| jisameM 85 zloka haiM / padmananda ne aneka dezoM, grAmoM, nagaroM Adi meM vihAra kara jana kalyANa kA kArya kiyA hai, lokopayogI sAhitya kA nirmANa tathA upadezoM dvArA sammArga dikhalAyA hai| inake ziSya-praziSyoM se jainadharma aura saMskRti kI mahatI sevA huI hai| varSo taka sAhitya kA nirmANa, zAstra bhaMDAroM kA saMkalana aura pratiSThAdikAryoM dvArA jaina saMskRti ke pracAra meM bala milA hai| isI taraha ke anya aneka saMta haiM, jinakA paricaya bhI janasAdhAraNa taka nahIM pahuMcA hai| isI dRSTikoNa ko sAmane rakhakara padmanandI kA paricaya diyA gayA hai cUMki padmanandI mUla saMgha ke vidvAna the, ve farara meM rahate the aura apane ko muni kahate the aura ve yathAviSa yathAzakya nirdoSa AcAra vidhi kA pAlana kara jIvana yApana karate the / 1. zrI ke cukulapadama vikAsabhAnuH somAtmajo duritadAra jayakRzAnuH / dharma paro bhuvi bhavyabandhu vasAbaro vijayate guNaratna sindhuH / / 2. jiyAha caraNa bhaso triNaSammaparo dayAloe / siri soma 476 dau bAsarI zivaM / sammata jujJo Nizayabhatto dayAlurato bahuloya mitto / micchatavato surilo vAsAvarI datta puSNaciso // bAhubalIvarita saMdhi 4 - bAhubalI carita saMdhi 3

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 ziSya paramparA bha0 padmanandI ke prateka ziSya the unameM cAra pramukha the| zubhacandra unake paTTadhara ziSya the / devendra kIrti ne sUrata meM bhaTTAraka gaddI sthApita kI thii| zivanandI jinakA pUrvanAma sUrajana sAhu thaa| padmanandI dvArA dIkSita hokara zivanandI nAma diyA, jo bar3e tapasvI the| dharmadhyAna aura pratAdi meM saMlagna rahate the| bAda meM unakA svarga: bAsa ho gayA thaa| caturtha ziSya sakalakIrti the jinhoMne IDara meM bhaTTAraka gaTTI sthApita kI thii| yaha apane samaya ke sabase prasiddha aura pratibhA sampanna bhaTTAraka the| digambara mudrA meM rahate the| inhoMne aneka pratiSThAe, aura aneka granthoM bI racanA kI hai| inakI ziSya paramparA bhI pallavita rahI hai| bha0 padyanandI dvArA dIkSita ratnazrI' nAma ko prAyikA bhI thii| isa taraha padmanandI ne aura unakI ziSya paramparA ne jaMna saMskRti ko mahAn sevA kI hai| bhaTTAraka yazaHkoti yaha kASThAsaMgha mAthura gaccha aura puSkara gaNa ke bhaTTAraka gUNakIti jinakA tapazcaraNa se zarIra kSINa ho gayA thA, laghubhrAtA aura paTTadhara the| yaha usa samaya ke suyogya vijJAna aura pratiSThAcArya the| saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASA ke acche bidvAna aura kavi the| apane samaya ke acche prabhAvazAlI bhavAraka the| jaisA ki nimna prazasti vAkyoM se prakaTa hai: "sutAsa. paTTamAyaro vi prAyamattha-sAyaro, risisa gacchaNAyako jayanta sikkha dAyako jasakkhu kisi sudaro prakaMpuNAya mNdiro|" (pAsa purANa pra0) 'saho baMdhau jAyamaNi sIsa sAra, Aya dina gaNAliya gopA ' -harivaMza purANa 'bhavva-kamala-saboha pacaMgo taha puNa-tava tApa tssiyNgo| NiyobhAsiya pakSaNa prago, vivi siri jasa kisi prsgo|" -sanmati jina ca0pra0 yazaH kIti prasaMga (parigraha rahita) the, aura bhavyarUpa kamaloM ko vikasita karane ke lie sUrya ke samAna the, ve yazaH kIti vandanIya hai| kASThAsaMdha kI paTTAvalI meM unakI acchI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| unakI guNakIti prasiddha thI va pUNya mUrti, kAmadeva ke vinAzaka aura aneka ziSyoM se paripUrNa, nirgrantha mudrA ke dhAraka, jinake citta meM jina caraNa kamala pratiSThita the-jina bhakta the aura syAdvAda ke satprekSaka the| inhoMne saM. 1486 meM vibudha zrIghara ke saMskRta bhaviSyadatta caritra aura apabhraMza bhASA kA 'sukamAla carita' ye do grantha likhavAye the| bhaTTAraka yaza: kIti ne svayaMbhU kavi ke khaMDita jIrNa-zIrNa dazA meM prApta harivaMzapurANa (riTraNemi cariu) kA gvAliyara ke samIpa kumAranagara ke jaina mandira meM vyAkhyAna karane ke lie uddhAra kiyA thaa| usameM unhoMne 1. sa. 1471 padAvalI ke prArambha meM sAla kIti ko papanadI kA caturya ziSya batalAyA hai / 2. taho sIsu siddha guNa kittiNAsu, tatratA jAsu pArIra khaam| taho baMzva jasa muNi sIpu jAu, Ayariya vaNa. siya dosu-rAu / / (harivaMzapurANa) 3. saM. 1486 varSe jhApATa vadi 7 guru dine gogavala durge rAjA DaMgarendra siMha deva vijaya rAjya pravartamAne zrI kASThA saMghe mAthurAnvaye puSkara gaNe AcArya zrI sahasrakIti devAstatpanai AcArya guNakItidevAstayiSya zrI yaza:kautidevAstena nina jJAnavaraNI karma kSayArya idaM bhaviSyadatta paMcamI kathA likhApitam / / " (nayAmaMdira dharmapurA dillI prati) tathA jaina granya prazasti saMgraha bhA02 pR. 63 4. taM jasaphitti maNihi, uriyau, sie vi sattu hrivNsccrit| ripatra muru siri-guNakitti pasAe~ kiu paripuNNa maNa ho agurAe~ / saraha maNedaM (1) seThi pAe, kumariNayari bhAviu savise seN| govaggirihe samIve visAlae pariNayArahai jiNabara cemaale| sAvaya jagaho puraja vakkhArija, diDa miyata mohu bamANi u / harivaMza purANa prApti

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15vIM 16vIM 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi apanA nAma bhI aMkita kara diyA thaa| kavi raghU inheM apanA guru mAnate the / samaya saM0 1452 meM baizAkha sudI 10 ke dina yoginIpura (dillI) ke zAhajAdA murAda ke rAjya meM yazaH kIti ke upadeza se zrIdhara kI bhaviSyadatta kathA likhavAI gii| kavi kA samaya saMvat 1482 se 1500 taka upalabdha hotA hai | ataH kavi kA samaya 15vIM zatAbdI sunizcita hai| kyoMki saM0 1500 meM inhoMne harivaMzapurANa kI racanA aura jIti rahe kucha nahIM hotaa| inake aneka ziSya the| inake paTTaSara kI hai, usake bAda ve ziSya malakIrti the / rakhamAe inakI isa samaya cAra racanAeM upalabdha haiM / pANDavapurANa, harivaMzapurANa, jinarAtri kathA, aura ravi vrata kathA / Yat pANDava purANa - isa grantha meM 34 sandhiyA~ haiM jinameM bhagavAna neminAtha kI jIvana-gAthA ke sAtha yudhiSThira, bhIma, arjuna, nakula aura sahadeva, aura duryodhanAdi kauravoM ke paricaya se yukta kauravoM se hone vAle mahAbhArata yuddha meM vijaya, neminAtha yudhiSThira, bhIma aura arjuna kI tapazcaryA tathA nirvANa prApti, nakula, sahadeva kA sarvArtha siddhi prApta karanA aura baladeva kA 5 veM svarga meM jAne kA ullekha kiyA hai / kavi yazaHkIti vihAra karate hue navagrAma nAmaka nagara meM zrAye jo dillI ke nikaTa thaa| kavi ne pANDavapurANa kI racanA isI nagara meM zAha hemarAja ke anurodha se saM0 1466 kArtika zuklA aSTamI budhavAra ko samApta kiyA thaa| zAha hemarAja zaiyyada mubArika zAha ke mantrI the / yaha san 1450 meM munnArika zAha kA mantro thA / kavi ne grantha nirmANa meM preraka hemarAja kI saMskRta padyoM meM maMgala kAmanA kI hai| inhoMne eka caityAlaya bhI banavAyA thaa| usakI pratiSThA saMvat 1497 pUrva huI thI / grantha meM nArI kA varNana paramparAgata upamAnoM se alaMkRta hai kintu zArIrika saundarya kA acchA varNana kiyA gayA hai- 'jAhe niyaMti hai ravi uvikhajjai' - jise dekhakara rati bhI khIja uThatI hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu usake saundarya se indrANI bhI khinna ho jAtI hai- 'lAvaNNe vAsavapiya jUra' / kavi ne jahA~ zarIra ke bAhya saundarya kA kathana kiyA hai vahAM usake antara prabhAva kI bhI sUcanA kI hai| chandoM meM paddhaDiyA ke pratirikta prAraNAla, duvaI, khaMDaya, helA, gaMbhoTiyA, malaya vilAsiyA, grAvalo, catuSpadI, sundarI, vaMzastha, gAhA, dohA, aura vastu chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| kavi ne ravoM saMdhi ke kavakoM ke prArambha meM dohA chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura dohe ko dodhaka zrIra dohau nAma bhI diyA hai| yathA 1. saM0 1451 vaMza 10 dine khasudI 10 dine zrI yoginIpure sAhijAdA murAdakhAna rAjyapravartamAne zrIkaNThAsaMmAnvaye haragaNe AcArya zrI bhAvamena devAstapaTTe zrI guNakIrti bevAsta ziSya zrI yazaHkIti upadezena likhaapit| di0 jaina paMtI maMdira banavA, jaina grantha sUvI bhA0 pR0 363 2. siriasa pahA, jo saMgha baccha vigayamANu / to va bIlhA gapamAtra, nava gAMva nayari so saI jiAu || 3. 'vikramarAya ho vavayaya kAlae, mahi- sAyara- gahU- risi akAlae / yi yi zramiha vAsa, huDa paripuSNa, paDhana dIsara | pANDavapu0 pra0 (jaina graMtha prA0 bhA0 2 pR0 40 ) 4. suratAna muvArakha taNai rajja, maMtitarapeciGa piya bhArakajJa / 5. jela karAvau jie ceyAlau, puNNaheDa cira-rama-pAli / vaya-toraNa -- phalate hi alaMkiu, jasu gurunti hari jANu vi saMki / -- vahI jaina graMtha praza0 bhA02 pR0 39

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 bodhaka- tA miciya sIyala jaleNa, vijjiya camara vileNa / upriya sIyAnala tadhiya, mayaliya aMjujaleNa // prantha kI antima prazasti meM hemarAja ke parivAra kA vistRta paricaya diyA hai aura prantha unhIM ke nAmAMkita kiyA hai jaisA ki nimna puSpikA vAkya se prakaTa hai:-- iya paMDava purANa sayala jaNamaNa savaNa sahayare siriguNakitsi sIsa muNi jasakitti viraie sAghu volhA suta rAya maMti hemraajnnaamNkie-...................|' harivaMsa purANa-prastuta graMtha meM 13 sandhiyA~ pora 267 kaDavaka haiN| jo cAra hajAra zlokoM ke pramANa ko lie hue hai| isameM kavi ne bhagavAna neminAtha aura unake samaya meM hone vAle yaduvaMziyoM kA-kaurava pANDavAdi kA-saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| arthAta mahAbhAratakAlIna jaina mAnyatA sammata paurANika pAkhyAna diyA hamA hai / grantha meM kAvyamaya anekasthala pralaMkRta zailI se varNita haiN| usameM nArI ke bAhyarUpa kAhI citraNa nahIM kiyA gayA kintu usake hRdayasparzI prabhAva ko maMkita kiyA hai| kavi ne anya ko paddhaDiyA chanda meM racane kI ghoSaNA kI hai 'kintu mAraNAla' duvaI, khaMDaya, jaMbhoTTiyA, vastubaMdha paura helAmAdi chandoM kA bhI yatra-tatra prayoga kiyA gayA hai| aitihAsika kathanoM kI pradhAnatA hai, parantu sabhI varNana sAmAnya koTi ke haiM unameM tItA ko bhivyakti nahIM hai| yaha grantha hisAra nivAsI agnavAla vaMzI garga gotrI sAhu divaDDA ke anurodha se banAyA gayA thaa| sAha divaDA parameSThI pArASaka, indriya viSaya virakta, sapta vyasana rahita, aSTa mUlaguNadhAraka, tatvArtha zraddhAnI, aSTa aMga paripAlaka, gyAraha pratimA ArAdhaka, aura bAraha vratoM kA anuSThApaka thA, usake dAna-mAna kI yazaH kIti ne khUba prazaMsA ko hai| kavi ne likhA hai ki maiMne isa grantha kI racanA kavitta kIrti aura dhana ke lobha se nahIM kI hai aura na kisI ke moha se, kintu kevala dharma pakSa se karma kSaya ke nimitta aura bhavyoM ke saMbodhanArtha kI hai| kavi ne divaDThA sAha ke anurodha vaza yaha grantha vi0 saM0 1500 meM bhAdrapada zuklA ekAdazI ke dina iMdaura' (indrapura) meM jalAlakhAM ke rAjya meM, jo mevAticIpha ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, kI hai / isane zayyada mubArika zAha ko bar3I takalIpha dI thiiN| jinarAtrikathA-meM zivarAtri kathA kI taraha bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jisa rAtri meM avaziSTa praghAti karma kA vinAzakara pAvApUra se muktipada prApta kiyA thA, usa kA varNana prastuta kathA meM kiyA gayA hai| usI dina aura rAtri meM vrata karanA tathA tadanusAra prAcAra kA pAlana karate hue prAtma-sAdhanA dvArA Atma-zodhana karanA kavi kI racanA kA pramukha uddezya hai| ravi vrata kathA-meM ravivAra ke prata se lAbha aura hAni kA varNana karate hue ravi vrata ke manuSThApaka aura usakI nindA karane vAle donoM vyaktiyoM kI acchI-burI pariNatiyoM se niSpanna phala kA nirdeza karate hae kta kI sArthakatA, aura usakI vidhi prAdi kA sundara vivecana kiyA hai| muni kalyANa koti yaha mUla saMgha dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha ke bhaTTAraka lalita kIti ke dIkSita ziSya the| inake vidyAguru kauna the yaha jJAta nahIM huA / bhaTTAraka lalita kIrti kArkala ke maThAdhIza the / lalita kIrti ke gurudeva kIrti / ina bhaTTArakoM 1. dAraNeNa Asu kittI para uvaSArasu sapayA jss| Niya putta kasata sahiu raNadau divaDhAsya iha bhuvnne|| -harivaMzapurANa pra. bhaviSaNa sabohaNa riNamita, eu gaMyukiuriNammama pittaM / ekavita kittahe gharagaloheM, Nata kAsuvari paTTiya moheN| + x + kammazkhaya zimitta miravekve, virATa kevala ammaha parakheM // (jaina graMtha pravAsti sa. bhA2042) 2. iMda urahi eja huu saMpuSbhAu, rajje palAmajJAna kaya upAya -vahI prazasti saM01 mA02 pR. 42 . 3. dekho, tabArIkha mubArikazAhI pa0 211

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15vI, 16vauM, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi Yc kA mUla paTTasthAna maisUra rAjyAntargata panasoge (hanasoge) meM thaa| inake devacandra nAma ke dUsare bhI ziSya the, jaisA ki jinayajJa-phalodaya ki prazasti ke nimna vAkya se prakaTa hai-'devacandra munIndrAyoM dayApAla: prsnndhiiH'| kalyANa kIti apane samaya ke acche vidvAna kavi aura lekhaka the| aura vAdirUpI parvatoM ke liye vanca ke samAna the| inakI aneka racanAe~ haiM jinameM nau racanAmoM kA nAmollekha isa prakAra hai:-1. jinayajJaphalodaya 2. jJAnacandrAbhyudaya 3. kAmanakathe 4. anuprekSa 5. jinastuti 6. tatvabhedASTaka 7. siddharAzi, 8. phaNikumAracarita 6. aura yazodhara crit| prastuta kavi pANDava rAjA ke samaya maujada the| yaha pANDacarAja vaho vIra pANDava bhararasa prauDeya haiM jinhoMne kArkala meM bAhubalIsvAmI ko vizAla evaM manogya mUti ko sthApita kiyA thA aura jisako pratiSThA zaka saM0 1353 san 1431-32 I0 meM huI thii| 1. jina yajJaphalodaya-meM jina pUjA aura unake phalopadeza kA varNana kiyA gayA haiM isameM no lamba aura do hajAra sAtasau pacAsa zloka haiN| yathA "dvisahasramidaM proktaM zAstraM granthaM pramANataH / paJcAzattaraH sapta zatazlophakha saMgatam / / " kavi ne isakI racanA zaka saM0 1350 meM ko thI, jaisAki usako prazasti ke nimna vAkya se prakaTa hai paJcAzastrizatI yukta sahasrazakavatsare / _plavaMge zrata paJcamyA jyeSThe mAsi pratiSThitam / / 425 2. jJAnacantAmyudaya-meM 108 padya haiN| aura usakI racanA zaka saM0 1361 (san 1436 I.) meM samApta huI hai| yaha grantha SaTpadI chanda meM hai| isa kAraNa ise jJAnacandra SaT padI bhI kahate haiM / jJAnacandra nAma ke rAjA ne tapazcaryA dvArA mukti prApta kI thii| usI kA kathAnaka isa grandha meM diyA hanA hai / 3. kAmanaka the-sAMgatya chanda meM racI gaI hai| isameM jaina dharmAnusAra kAma-kathA kA varNana 4 sandhiyoM aura 331 padyoM meM kiyA gayA hai / graMtha ke prArambha meM guru lalita kIti kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kI racanA tuluva deza ke rAjA bhairava suta pANDya rAya kI preraNA se kI thii| 4. anuprekSe-meM 74 padya hai jo kundakundAcArya kI prAkRta anuprekSA kA anuvAda jAna par3atA hai| 5. jinastuti-6. tatvabhedASTaka-inameM se jina stuti meM 17 aura tattvabhedASTaka meM 6 padya haiN| 7. siddha rAzi kA paricaya jJAta nahIM humaa| 5. phaNi kumAra carita-kannar3a bhASA meM racA gayA hai| paM0 ke bhujabalI zAstrI isakA kartA inhIM kalyANa kIti ko mAnate haiM / jo zaka 1364 (san 1442) meM samApta hunA hai| yazodhara caritra-prastuta grantha saMskRta ke 1-50 zlokoM meM racA gayA hai / yaha grantha maMdharva kavi ke prAkRta (apabhraza) yazodhara carita ko dekha kara pANDayanagara ke gommaTa svAmI caityAlaya meM zaka saM0 1373 (man 1451) meM samApta kiyA hai| isameM rAjA yazodhara aura candramati kA kathAnaka diyA hayA hai| isake prazasti padya meM muni lalitakIti kA ullekha kiyA hai : yo lalitakItimunimahadayagirerabhavadAgamamayUkha: kalyANaphoti muni ravi rakhila dharAtalatattvabodhana samarthaH // 221 isa saba racAnayoM ke samaya se jJAta hotA hai ki muni kalyANa kIti IsA ko 15vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| ve vikrama saM0 1488 se 1508 ke granthakartA haiN| pramAcandra yaha kASThA saMghIya bhaTTAraka hemakIrti ke ziSya aura dharma candra ke ziSya the| jo tarka vyAkaramadi sakala 1. dekho prazasti saMgraha, jaina siddhAntabhavana pArA pR0 27 zloka 411 se 413 /

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4e4 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 meM zAstroM meM nipuNa the / bhavyarUpI kamaloM ko vikasita karane vAle sUrya the| ve saMgha sahita vihAra karate hue sakITa nagara 'bhAe, jo eTA jile meM hai inhoMne sakITanagara ( eTA jilA ) vAsI lambakaMcuka (lamecU) AmnAya ke sAhu ke putra paM0 sonika' ko prArthanA para tattvArtha sUtra ko 'tattvArtha ratna prabhAkara nAma kI TIkA vi0saM0 1486 maM sakata brahmacArI jaitAkhya ke prabodhArthaM likhI thI / isase ina pramAcandra kA samaya vikrama ko 15vIM zatAbdA sunizaMcata hai / kAlhU putra hAvA sAdhU kI prArthanA se ukta TippaNa banAyA gayA aura unhIM ke nAmAMkita kiyA hai / jasA ki usake nimna puSpikA vAkya se prakaTa hai : iti zrI bhaTTAraka dharmacandra ziSya gaNiprabhAcandra viracite tattvArtha TippaNake brahmacAri jetA sAdhu hAvAdeva nAmAMkite darzamo'dhyAyaH samAptaH / ma0 zumakIrti zubhakIrti nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| unameM eka zubhakIrti vAdandra vizAla kIrti ke paTTadhara the / inakI buddhi paMcAcAra ke pAlana se pavitra vAle unmArga ke vidhi vidhAna brahmA ke tulya the, muniyoM meM zreSTha aura zubha pradAtA the| inakA samaya vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI hai / dUsare zubhakIrti kundakundAnvayI prabhAvazAlI rAmacandra ke ziSya the| aura tIsare zubhakoti prastuta zAntinAtha cArata ke kartA haiN| jo devakIti ke samakAlIna the, unhoMne prabhAcandra ke prasAda se zAntinAtha carita kI racanA kI thI kavi ne apanI guruparamparA aura jIvana ghaTanA ke sambandha meM koI prakAza nahIM DAlA / grantha kI puSpikA vAkya meM u bhAsA cakkA vaTTi suha kittideva viraie' pada diyA hai, jisase ve apabhraMza aura saMskRta bhASA meM niSNAta vidvAna the / kavine grantha ke anta meM devakIrti kA ullekha kiyA haiN| eka devakIrti kASThAsaMgha mAthurAnvaya ke vidvAna the unake dvArA saM0 1464 ASADha vadi 2 ke dina pratiSThita eka dhAtu murti grAgarA ke kacauDA bAjAra ke mandira meM virAja mAna hai| ho sakatA hai ki prastuta zubhakIrti devakIrti ke samakAlIna hoM, yA kisI anya deva kIrti ke samakAlIna 1. prApta pure sakITAye samAtIto jinAlaye / lambakaMcuka AmnAye sakatU sAdhunandanaH || 11 paMDita soniko vidvAna jinapAdAbjaSaTpadaH / samyagdRSTi guNAvAso vRSa-zISaM ziromaNiH // 12 ( Adi prazasti ) 2. asminsaMvatsare vikramAditya nRpateH gate / caturdazate'tItenavAsItyabda saMyute // 13 bhAdrapade zukle paMcamI vAsare zubhe / vAre'ka vaidhRtiyoge vizAlA RkSa ke bare / / 14 tattvArtha TippaNaM bhadra prabhAcandra tapasvitA / 3... kRta midaM prabodhAya jaitAsya brahmacAriNe / / 15 ( antima pra0 ) ...... tapo mahAtmA zubhakIrti devaH / kantarAta vidhAnAdvAte sanmArgavidhe vidhAne / - paTTAvalI zubhacandraH tatpaTTe jani vikhyAtaH paM vA cAra pavitradhIH / zubhakIti muni zreSTha zubhakIrti zubhapradaH // 4. zrI kuMdakuMdasya babhruvakze zrI rAmacandra prathataH prabhAvaH ziSyastadIya: zubhakIrtinAmA taroMganA bakSa si hArabhUtaH // 7 pradyotane samprati tasya paTTe vidyA prabhAveNa vizAlakItiH / ziSyairanekaM rupasevyamAna ekAntavAdAdi vinAza vacaya // 8 5. saM0 1464 - sudarzana caritra - dharmazarmAbhyudaya lipi pra0 yadi 2 kASThAsaM mAthurAnvaye zrI devakIrti pratiSThitA /

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15vI, 12vauM, 17vIM aura 15 mAdo ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kati 485 para jaba kavi grantha kA racanA kAla saM. 1436 de rahA hai taba devakAMti dUsare hI hoMge yaha vicAraNIya hai| prastuta zAntinAtha carita 16 sandhiyo meM pUrNa hamA hai| isako eka mAtra kRti nAgora ke zAsthabhaMDAra meM surakSita hai jo saM. 1551 ko likhII hai| isa grantha meM jainiyoM ke 16 va tIrthakara bhagavAna zAntinAtha kA jIvana paricaya aMkita hai| bhagavAna zAnti nAya paMcama cakravartI the, unhoMne SaT khaNDoM ko jotakara cakravartI pada prApta kiyA thaa| phira usakA parityAga kara digambara dIkSA le tapazcaraNarUpa samAdhicakra se mahA dujaya mohakamakA vinAza kara kevalajJAna prApta kiyA aura anta meM pracAti karmakA nAza kara acala avinAzI siddha pada prApta kiyaa| kavine isa grantha ko mahAkAvya ke rupa meM banAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| kAvya-kalA ko dRSTi meM bhale hI vaha mahAkAvya na mAnA jaay| parantu granthakartA kI dRSTi use mahAkAvya banAne kI rahI hai| kavine likhA hai ki zAntinAtha kA yaha carita bIra jinezvara ne gautama ko kahA, use hI jinana aura puSpadanta ne kahA, vahI maiMne bhI kahA hai| jaM pratthaM jiNarAjaveva kahiyaM jaM goyameNaM sudaM, jaM satthaM jiNaseNa deva raiyaM ja. pusspdNtaadihii| taM pratthaM suhakittiNA vibhaNiyaM saM rUpacaMda tthiyaM, saNNoNaM bujjaNa sahAya paramaM pIehie saMga ||10vii sNdhi| kavine grantha nirmANa meM preraka rUpacandra kA paricaya dete hue kahA hai ki ve ikSvAkuvaMzI kUsa meM (jasavAlavaza meM) prAzAdhara e.jo ThakkUra nAma se prasiddha the aura jina zAsana ke bhakta the inake dhanavau'ThakkUra nAma kA pUtra havA usakI patnI kA nAma lonAvatI thA, jisakA kAdIra mampaktta me dinapinamA jalase kAma nAma kA pUrva huA jisane ukta zAntinAtha carita kA nirmANa karAyA hai| kavi ne pratyeka saMdhi ke anta meM rUpacandra ko prazaMzA meM evaM AzIrvAdAtmaka aneka padya diye haiM, usakA eka padya pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke liye nIce diyA jAtA hai: ikSvANAM vizuddho jinavaravibhavAmmAya vaMze smaaNshe| tasmAvAzAparIyA bahujanamahimA jAtajaisAlavaMze / lIlA laMkAra sAroava vibhavaguNA sAra satkAra suddh| * zaddhi siddhArthasArA pariyaguNI rUpacandraH sucndrH|| kavine anta meM anya ko racanA kAla saM. 1436 diyA hai jaisAki unake nimna padya se spaSTa hai| prAsI vikramabhUpateH kaliyuge zAMtosare saMgate / satyaM krodhananAmadheya vipule saMvacchare saMmate / se tatra caturdazetu paramo Satrizake svAMzake / mAse phAlguNi pUrva pakSakayudhe samyak tRtIyAM tithii|| isase spaSTa hai ki kavi zubhakIrti 15vI zatAbdI ke vidvAna hai| anya grantha bhaMDAroM meM zAntinAtha caritra kI isa prati kA anveSaNa Avazyaka hai| anyathA eka hI prati para se usakA prakAzana kiyA jaay| kavi maMgarAja tRtIya kavi ke pitAmaha kA nAma 'mAdhava' aura pitA kA nAma 'vijayapAla' thA, jo hoyasala dezAntargata hosavRtti prAnta ko rAjadhAnI kalahalli kA svAmI thA, aura jisake uddhava kula cUr3AmaNi, zArdUlAMka upanAma the| yudvaza ke mahA maNDalezvara caMgAla nupake maMtrIvaMza meM utpanna humA thaa| isakI mAtA kA nAma 'devile' thA aura isakeguru kA nAma 'cikka-prabhendu' thaa| prabhu rAja aura prabhukula raladIpa isake upanAma the| isakI chaha kRtiyAM upalabdha haiMjayanapa kAvya, prabhaMjana carita, samyaktva kaumudI, zrIpAla' carita, nemi jineza saMgIta, pAkazAstra (suupshaastr)| jayanapa kAvya-yaha kAvya parivaddhinI SaTpadI meM likhA gayA hai, isameM 16 sandhiyAM bhora 1070 padya haiN| isameM kuru jAMgala deza ke rAjA rAjaprabhadeba ke putra jayanaga kI jIvana kathA vaNita hai| kavi ne likhA hai ki pahale yaha carita jinasena ne racA thA, aura dUdha meM zarkarA mizraNa ke samAna saMskRta meM kanaDI mizrita kara maiMne isakI racanA kI

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 hai / grantha meM apane se pUrvavartI nimna vidvAnoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai-guNabhadra, kavi parameSThI, bAhubali akalaMka, jinasena pUjyapAda, prabhendu aura tatputra zrutamuni kA nAmollekha kiyA haiN| prabhaMjana carita- isameM zubhadeza ke bhaMbhApura nareza devasena ke putra prabhaMjana kI jIvana-gAthA aMkita hai / anya ke prAramma meM jina, madhya meM guru, pAdhyAya, sAdhu, sarasvatI, yakSa, navakoTi muni, aura apane guru cikka prabhendu kA smaraNa kiyA haiM / isa grantha kI apUrNa prati hI upalabdha hai| ___ samyaktva kaumIisameM samyaktva ko prApta karane vAloM kI kathAe~ dI gaI haiM / grantha meM 12 saMghiyAM aura 12 padya haiM jinameM arhadAsa seTha ko striyoM dvArA kahI gaI samyaktvotpAdaka kathAeM haiN| isameM kavi ne, paMca, ratna, zrIvijaya, gaNavama, janna, madhura, pIla, nAgacandra, kaNNaya, nemi aura bandhavarga kA unakI racanAoM ke nAmollekha sAtha smaraNa kiyA haiN| kavi ne isakI racanA zaka samvat 1431 (san 1506) meM kI haiN| kavi maMgarAja ne zaka saMvat 1355 (1433) meM zrutamuni ko aitihAsika prazasti likhI hai / jisakI padya saMkhyA 78 hai| prazasti sundara aura bhAvapUrNa hai / isane zravaNa velgola kA 108 vAM saMskRta kA zilAlekha (zaka saMvat 1443 (san 1521 I0) meM likhA thaa| prabandha-dhvani sambandhAtsatAgotpAdana-samA / maGgarAja-kavervANI vANI vINAyate tarAM / / 78 zrIpAla carita-isa grantha meM 14 sandhiyAM aura 1527 padya hai / yaha saMgAtya chanda meM racA gayA hai / isameM gaNDarIkaNI nagarI ke rAjA guNapAla ke putra dhopAla kA carita varNita hai| maMgala padya ke bAda kabi ne bhadrabAhu, pUjya pAda grAdi kaviyoM kI prazaMsA kI hai| nemi jineza saMgati----isameM 35 sandhiyA~ prora 1538 somatya chanda haiN| isameM neminAtha tIrthakara kA carita varNita hai / kavi ne isameM aneka vidvAna AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| pAkazAstra (sUpa zAstra)-yaha grantha vAdhika SaT padI ke 356 padyoM meM samApta hayA hai| isameM pAka aura zAstra kA acchA varNana kiyA hai| kavi kA samaya IsA ko 15vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha 16vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai / somadeva inakA vaMza bagheravAla thaa| inake pitA kA nAma mAbhadeva aura mAtA kA vijeNI (vijayinI) thA, jo ma sarANA aura suzIlA thii| yaha gRhastha vidvAna ! nemicandrAcArya racita 'tribhaMgI sAra' kI, dhanamuni dvArA kisASA meM racI gaI TIkA ko lATIya bhASA meM racA hai / somadeva ne guNabhadrAcArya kI stuti kI hai, saMbhavataH sakegAhoMge / yA anya koI prAcIna bhAcArya, kyoMki guNabhadra ko TIkA kartA ne karmadramonmIlana dikkarIndra, siddhAnta the niSidaSTapAra, maura SaT priMzadAcArya guNa yukta tIna vizeSaNoM se viziSTa batalAte hae namaskAra kiyA hai| --- - - 1. iza-zara-zikhi-viSumita-zakara righAvi zarada dvitiiygaassaaddh'e| sita nami-vidhu-dinodaya juSi savizAkSe pratiSThiteya miha / / 6 2. yathA narendrasya pulonajAriyA nArAyaNasyApi sutA babhUva / tathAbhadevasya virjaNi nAmnI priyA sudharmA saguNA muzIlA // 3 sayo sutaH sadguNa vAna suvRtaH somo'vidhaH kaumupavRddhi kaarii| vyAghrara pA lAmbu nidheH suralaM jIyAcira sarva janIna vRttaH 114 -jana anya prazasti saM0 mA0 11028 3. yA pUrva zruta muninA TIkA karNATabhASayA vihitaa| lATIyabhASayA mA virabhyate somadevena / / vahI jaina grantha pra. bhA0pa0 25

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487 15vIM 16vIM 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya, mahAraka aura kavi kamaMdramonmIlana dikkarIndra siddhAntapAyonidhivRSTapAraM / SaT trizavAcArya guNeH prayukta namAmyahaM zrI guNabhadrasUrim // zratamuni ne apanA paramAgamasAra' zaka saM0 1263 (vi0 saM0 1368) meM racA hai| ataH TIkAkAra somadeva usake bAda ke (15vIM zatAbdI ke) vidvAna haiM / padmanAbha kAyastha kavi padmanAbha kA janma kAyastha kula meM humA thaa| vaha saskRta bhASA ke acche vidvAna the, aura jainadharma ke premI the| inhoMne bhaTTAraka gaNakIti ke upadeza se pUrva sUtrAnusAra yazodhara carita yA dayAsundavidhAna nAmaka kAgya kI racanA kI thii| santoSa nAma ke jaisavAla ne unake isa grantha kI prazaMsA ko tho, aura vijaya giha ke putra pRthvIrAja ne anumodanA kI thii| prastuta yazodhara caritra meM saMghiyoM hai jinameM rAjA yazodhara aura candramatI kA jIvana paricaya diyA gayA hai| yaha grantha vIramadeva ke rAjya meM kuza rAja ke lie likhA gayA thA / kuvarAja gvAliyara ke tomara vaMzI gajA vIrama deva kA vizvAsa pAtra mantrI thA / yaha rAjanIti meM catura paura parAkramI zAsaka thaa| san 1402 (vi0 saM0 14. 56) yA usake kucha samaya bAda rAjya sattA usake hAtha meM prAI thii| isane apane rAjya ko madada vyavasthA kI thii| zatru bhI isakA bhaya mAnate the| isake samaya hijarA sara 805 san 1401 vi0 saM0 1462) meM mallU ikabAla khAM ne gvAliyara para car3hAI kii| parantu use nirAza hokara lauTanA pdd'aa| phira usane dUsarI bAra gvAliyara para dhaMga DAlA, kintu use isa bAra bhI Asa-pAsa ke ilAke lUTa-pATa kara dillI kA rAstA lenA pdd'aa| kuzarAja vIramadeva kA vizvAsapAtra mahAmAtya thA, jo jaisavAla kula meM utpanna hunA thA, yaha rAjanIti meM dakSa maura vIra thaa| pitAmaha kA nAma bhullaNa aura pitAmahI kA nAma uditA devI thA aura pitA kA nAga janapAla aura mAtA kA nAma loNAdevI thaa| kuza rAja ke 5 bhAI paura bhI the jinameM cAra bar3e aura eka choTA thA / haMsarAja, sairAja, rairAja, bhavarAja, ye bar3e bhAI the / paura kSemarAja choTA bhAI thaa| inameM kuzarAja bar3A dharmAtmA aura rAjanIti meM kuzala thaa| isane gvAliyara meM candraprabha jinakA eka vizAla mandira banavAyA thA aura usakA pratiSThAdi kArya bar3e bhArI samAroha ke sAtha sampanna kiyA pA' / kuzarAja kI tIna striyA~ thIM ralho, lakSaNa thI 1. vo'bhUjjaisavAle vimalaguNaniSa laNaH sAdhu ratnaM, sAdhu zrI janapAlo bhavaditayA statsuto dAnazIlaH / jainendrAgadhaneSu pramudita hRdayaH sevakaH sad guruNA loNAcyA satyazIlA ani vimalamati napAlamya bhAryA // 5 jAtA pada tanayAstayoH suvRtinoH zrI haMsarAjo'bhavat / teSAmAcatAratataranadanujaH saMrAja nAmA jani / rAjo bhavarAjakaH samani prakhyAta phItimaMhA. ghAdhu zrI kuzarAja kastadanuca zrIkSemarAjo laghuH // 6 jAtaH zrIkuSArAja eca sakalakSmApAna mUlAmagoH / zrImattomara-vIramasya vidito vizvAsa pAtra mahAna / maMtrI maMtra vicakSaNaH kSaNabhayaH bIragAripakSaH aNAt / soraNImIkSaNa rakSaNa kSamamati banendra pUjArataH / 7 / / svarga pani samRddhi koti vimanapalyAlayaH kArito, lokAnAM hRdayaMgamo bahughanapacandra pramasya prabhoH / ye naMtatsamakAlameva ruciraM bhavyaMbakAvyaM tpaa| sAdhu zrI kuzarAja phenasuSiyA kovicarasthApaka // -baina panya prazasti bhA0 15.0 5

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48 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 aura kogIrA / ye tInoM hI patniyA~ satI, sAdhvI tathA guNavatI thIM aura nitya jina pUjana kiyA karatI thiiN| unhoM se kalyANasiMha nAma kA eka putra utpanna huA thA, jo bar3A ho rUpavAna dAno ghora jina guru ke caraNArAdhana meM tatpara thA / saM0 1475 mASAda sudi 5 ko vIramadeva ke rAjya meM kuzarAja usake parivAra dvArA pratiSThita kiyA huA yaMtra naravara ke mandira meM maujUda hai| kuzarAja ne bhakti daza yazodhara caritra kI racanA kavi padmanAbha se karAI thii| yaha paurANika caritra yahA hI hacikara priya aura dayArUpI amRta kA ghola bahAne vAlA hai| isa para aneka vidvAnoM dvArA prAkRta saMskRta apabhraMza aura hindI gujarAtI bhASA meM grantha race gae hai| kavi ne grantha meM racanAkAla nahIM diyaa| kintu yaha racanA saM0 1475 ke Asa-pAsa kI hai| kyoMki vIramadeva kA rAjya 0 1476 ke kucha mahIne taka rahA hai| ukta saM0 1478 ke vaMzAsa meM mahIne unake putra gaNapatisiMha kA rAjya ho gayA thaa| usI ke rAjyakAla meM dhAtu kI bIbIsI mUrti kI pratiSThA kI gaI thii| yataH padmanAbha kAyastha kA samaya vikrama kI 15 vIM zatAbdI kA tartIya caraNa hai| kavi dhanapAla | kavi dhanapAla gujarAta deza ke parahaNapura ! yA pAlanapura ke nivAsI the| vahA~ rAjA vIsala deva kA rAjya thaa| usI nagara ke puravAr3a vaMza jisameM agaNita pUrva puruSa ho cuke haiM 'bhoMbaI' nAma ke rAja zreSThI the| jo jinabhakta aura dayAguNa se yukta the yaha kavi dhanapAla ke pitAmaha the| inake putra kA nAma su prabha' zreSThI thA, jo dhanapAla ke pitA the| kavi kI mAtA kA nAma 'suhAdevI thA inake do bhAI aura bhI the, jinakA nAma santoSa mora harirAja thaa| inake guru prabhAcandra the, jo apane bahuta se ziSyoM ke sAtha dezATana karate hue usI palhUNapura meM Aye the| dhanapAla ne unheM praNAma kiyA aura muni ne AzIrvAda diyA ki tuma mere prasAda se vilakSaNa ho jAoge aura mastaka para hAtha rakhakara bole ki maiM tumheM maMtra detA hUM! tuma mere mukha se nikale hue akSaroM ko yAda kro| mAcArya prabhAcandra ke vacana sunakara dhanapAla kA mana mAnandita huA, dhIra usane vinaya se unake caraNoM kI vandanA kI, maura mAlasya rahita hokara guru ke bAge zAstrAbhyAsa kiyA, aura sukavitva bhI pA liyaa| pazcAt prabhAcandra gaNI khaMbhAta pAranagara aura devagiri (daulatAbAda) hote hue yoginI pura (dillI) prAye dehalI nivAsiyoM ne usa samaya eka mahotsava 2. saMvat 1476 varSe vaizAkha sudi 3 zukavAsare gaNapati deva rAjya vartamAne zrI mUlasaMdhe naMdyAgnAye bhaTTAraka zubhacandradeva maMDalAcArya paM0 bhagavatImA bhAva sebhAve nivimva pratiSThA kAzavitam / mUrti lekha nayA mandira lavakara 1. pAlamapura (pura) Palanpur mAtra rAjya ke pazmAradhI pArA varSa 0 1220 (san 195160 1206 san 1219) taka AbU kA rAjA dhArAvarSa thA, jisake kaI lekha mila cuke hai usake kaniSTha bhrAtA yazoTavala ke putra prahlAdana] deva (pAlanasI) ne apane nAma para basAyA thaa| yaha bar3A vIra yoddhA thA, sAtha meM vidvAna bhI thaa| isI se ime kaviyoM ne pAlanapura yA palharaNapura likhA hai| yaha gujarAta deza kI rAjadhAnI thii| yahAM aneka rAjAoM ne zAsana kiyA hai| AbU ke zilA lekhoM meM paramAvaMza kI utpatti aura mAhAtmya kA varNana hai aura prahlAdana deva kI prazaMsA kA bhI ullekha hai| samaya kumArapAla yAdi tIyoM kI yAtrA ko gayA, taba prAna deva bhI sAtha thaa| - ( purAtana prabaMdha 0 pR0 41) prahlAdana deva kI prazaMsA prasiddha kavi somezvara ne kIrti kaumudI meM aura tejapAla maMtrI dvArA banavAe hue sUNamasaha kI prazasti meM kI hai| yaha prazasti vi0 saM0 1267 meM AbU para delavAr3A gAMva ke neminAtha mandira meM agAI thii| mevAr3a ke guhila vaMzI rAjA sAmanta siMha aura gujarAta ke solaMkI rAjA bajayapAla ko mar3AI meM, jisameM vaha ghAyala ho gayA thA prahlAdana ne vahI vIratA se lar3a kara gujarAta kI rakSA ko thii| prastuta pAlanapura meM digambara- vetAmbara donoM hI sampradAya ke loga rahate the dhanapAla ke pitAmaha to vahAM ke rAjya zreSThI / zvetAmbara samAja kA to vaha mukhya kendra ho yA /

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15vIM 16vIM 17vI aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke pAcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 481 kiyA aura bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke paTTa para unheM pratiSThita kiyA / bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ne muhammadazAha tugalaka ke mana ko anuraMjita kiyA thA aura vidyA dvArA vAdiyoM kA manoraSa bhagna kiyA thA / muhammadazAha ne vi0 saM0 1381 se 1408 taka rAjya kiyA hai| bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kA bha ratnakI tike paTTa para pratiSThita hone kA samarthana bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI paMjikA TIkA kI usa lekhaka prazisti se bhI hotA hai jise saM01416 meM inhIM prabhAcandra ke ziSya brahmanAtha rAma ne apane paTane ke lie dillI ke bAdazAha phIrojazAha tugalaka ke zAsana kAla meM likhavAyA thaa| usameM bha0 ratnakIti ke paTaTa : tiSThita honeru sarasTa pola hai| poraNamAha tugalaka ne saM0 1408 se 1445 taka rAjya kiyA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki bha. prabhAcandra saM0 1416 se kucha samaya pUrva bhaTTAraka pada para pratiSThita hue the| kavivara dhanapAla guru prAjJA se sauripuratIrtha ke prasiddha bhagavAna neminAtha jina kI vandanA karane ke liye gae the| mArga meM inhoMne candrabADa nAma kA nagara dekhA, jo jana dhana se paripUrNa aura uttuMga jinAlayoM se vibhUSita thA vahAM sATha vAsAghara kA banavAyA humA jinAlaya bhI dekhA aura vahAM ke zrI arahanAtha jinakI vadanA kara apanI gardI tathA nidA kI aura apane janma-jarA aura maraNa kA nAza hone kI kAmanA vyakta kii| isa nagara meM kitane hI aitihAsika puruSa hue haiM jinhoMne jainadharma kA anuSThAna karate hue vahA~ ke rAjya maMtrI rahakara prajA kA pAlana kiyA hai| kavi kA samaya 15 vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla hai| kyoMki kavi ne apanA bAhubalI carita saM0 1454 meM pUrNa kiyA hai| kavi kI eka mAtra racanA 'bAhubalI carita' hai| prastuta grantha meM aThAraha sandhiyAM tathA 475 kaDavaka haiN| kavi kathA sambandha ke bAda sajjana durjama kA smaraNa karatA huA kahatA hai ki 'nIma ko yadi dUdha se siMcana kiyA jAya to bhI vaha apano kaTutA kA parityAga nahIM krtii| Ikha ko yadi zastra se kATA jAya to bhI vaha apanI madhuratA nahIM chodd'tii| usI taraha sajjana-durjana bhI apane svabhAva ko nahIM chodd'te| sUrya tapatA hai aura candramA zItalatA pradAna karatA hai| grantha meM prAdi brahmA RSabhadeva ke putra bAhubalI kA, jo samrAT bharata ke kaniSTha bhrAtA aura prathama kAmadeva the, carita diyA huA hai| bAhubalI kA zarIra jahA~ unnata aura sundara thA vahA~ yaha bala pauruSa se bhI sampanna thaa| ve indriya vijayI aura ugra tapasvI the| ve svAbhimAna pUrvaka jInA jAnate the, parantu parAdhIna jIvana ko matya se kama nahIM mAnate the| unhoMne bharata samrATa se jala-malla aura dRSTi yuddha meM vijaya prApta kI thI, pariNAma svarUpa bhAI kA mana prapamAna se vikSabdha ho gayA aura badalA lene kI bhAvanA se unhoMne apane bhAI para cakra calAyA, kintu devopunIta prastra 'vaMza-ghAta' nahIM karate / isase cakra bAhubalI kI pradakSiNA dekara vApisa lauTa gayA-vaha unheM koI nukasAna na pahuMcA sakA / bAhubalI ne raNabhUmi meM bhAI ko kaMdhe para se dhIre se nIce utArA aura vijayI hone para bhI unheM saMsAra-dazA kA bar3A vicitra anubhavaM huaa| 1. tahi bhavahi sumahocchana vihipa sirirayaNakitti pa? Nihiyau / mahamada sahi maNura jipau, vija nahiM vAiyamaNu bhjiyu|" -bAhubalicariu prazasti 2. saMvat 1416 varSe catra sudi paJcamyAM sopavAsare sakalarAja ziro mukuTamANigyamarIci jirIkRta caraNa kamala pAda poThasya zrIpIrojasAhe: sakalasAmrAjyadhurI vibhrANasya samaye zrI dilyA zrI kundakundAcAryAnvaye sarasvatI gaccha balA. kAragaNe bhaTTAraka thI ratnakIti deva paTTodayAdri takSaNataruNitvamurvI kurvANaH bhaTTArakaH zrI prabhAcandra deva ziSyANAM brahma nAtharAma ityArAdhanA pani kAyo graMtha Atma paThanArya likhApitam / -ArA. paMji0 pra0vyAvara bhavana prati 3. zibu kovi jai strIrahiM siMcahi to vi Na so kuDavattaNu muNghi| uccha ko vi jaha satyaM khaMDa, to viNa so mahasttaNu chuddi| dujaNa-suaNa sahA tappA, suru tavai sshrsiiyrkruu| -bAhubalI carita prazasti

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - mAMga 2 . ve socane lage ki bhAI ko parigraha kI cAha ne graMdhA kara diyA hai aura ahaMkAra ne unake viveka ko bhI dUra bhagA diyA hai| para dekho, duniyA meM kisakA abhimAna sthira rahA hai ? ahaMkAra ko ceSTA kA daNDa ho to apamAna hai / tumheM rAjya kI icchA hai to lo ise samhAlo aura jo usa gaddI para baiThe use apane kadamoM meM bhukAlo, usa rAjya sattA ko dhikkAra hai, jo nyAya-anyAya kA viveka bhulA detI hai| bhAI bhAI ke prema ko naSTa kara detI hai aura iMsAna ko haivAna banA detI hai / aba maiM isa rAjya kA tyAga kara Atma-sAdhanA kA anuSThAna karanA cAhatA hU~ aura sabake dekhate-dekhate hI ve tapovana ko cale gaye, jahAM digambara mudrAdvArA eka varSa taka kAyotsarga meM sthita rahakara usa kaThora tapazcaryA dvArA zrAtma-sAdhanA kI, aura pUrNa jJAnI bana svAtmopalabdhi ko prApta hue / 460 grantha meM aneka sthala kAvyamaya aura alaMkRta milate haiN| kavi ne apane se pUrvavartI aneka kaviyoM aura unako kucha prasiddha kRtiyoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai - jaise kavicakravartI dhIrasena, jainendra vyAkaraNa ke kartA devanandI (pUjyapAda) zrI vajrasUri aura unake dvArA racita SaTdarzana pramANa grantha mahAsena sulocanA carita, raviSeNa padmacarita jinasena harivaMza purANa, muni jaTila barAMgacarita, dinakara sena kaMdarpa carita, padmasena pArzvanAtha carita, amRtArAdhanA gaNimbasena, candraprabha carita, ghanadatta carita, kavi viSNu sena munisinandI, anuprekSA, navakAra mantra-naradeva' kavi zraga vIracarita, siddhasena, kavi govinda, jayavabala, zAlibhadra, caturmukha, droNa, svayaMbhU, puSpadanta maura sedu kavi | kavi ne isa graMtha kA nAma 'kAma cariu yA kAmadeva carita bhI prakaTa kiyA hai aura use guNoM kA sAgara batalAyA haiM / grantha meM yadyapi chandoM kI bahulatA nahIM hai phira bhI 11 vIM saMdhi meM dohoM kA ullekha avazya huA hai| kavi ne isa graMtha kI racanA usa samaya ko hai jaba ki hindI bhASA kA vikAsa ho rahA thaa| kavi ne ise vi0 saM0 1454 meM vaizAkha zuklA trayodazI ko svAti meM sthita siddhiyoga meM somavAra ke dina, jabaki candramA tulA rAzi para sthita yA pUrNa kiyA hai" / grantha nirmANa meM preraka prastuta grantha candravADa nagara ke prasiddha rAja zreSThI aura rAjamaMtrI, jo jAdava kula vAsAghara kI preraNA se banAyA hai, aura unhIM ke nAmAMkita kiyA hai| vAsAghara ke pitA kA nAma somadeva thA, jo ke bhUSaNa the / sAhu saMbharI narendra karNadeva ke mantrI the| kavi ne sAhu vAsAghara ko samyaktvI, jina caraNoM ke bhakta, jina dharma ke pAlana meM tatpara, dayAlu, bahuloka mitra, mithyAtvarahita aura vizuddha cittavAlA batalAyA hai| sAtha hI Avazyaka dainika SaT karmoM meM pravINa, rAjanIti meM catura aura aSTa mUlaguNoM ke pAlane meM tatpara prakaTa kiyA hai| jiNaNAha caraNabhatto jiNadhammaparo vayA loe, siri somadeva taNo NaMdara vAsadvaro NicvaM // sammata juto niNapAyabhatto dayAlurato bahuproyamito | micchata caso suvisaddha citte vAsAgharo padaMDa puNya ciso / vi saMgha ke lie kalpanivi thii| bAhara aura rUpadeva / ye sabhI putra - sandhi 3 inake ATha putra the, jasapAla, jayapAla, ratapAla, candrapAla, viharAja, puNyapAla, ma ubhayazrI yA, jo pativratA aura zIlavrata kA pAlana karane vAlI tathA catuapane pitA ke samAna hI suyogya, catura aura dharmAtmA the| ina AThoM putroM ke sAtha 1. zrI laMca ke bukulapadma vikAsabhAnu, somAtmajo durita cAruvayakRzAnuH / dharmakAnaro bhuvibhavya bandhurvAsAgharo vijayate guNaratna sindhuH - saMdhi // 2. vikramaNaridaM akriya samae, caudahasaya saMvArahi gae / nAsarisaca ahiya gaNi vaisA haraho siya-terasi su-kSiNi / sAI pariTThiyaI bAra siddha joga jAyeM DiyaI / -- bAhubali carita prazasti

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15 16 17 aura 16vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya bhaTTAraka aura kavi 49 1 sAhU dAsAvara apane dharma kA sAdhana karate hue jIvana yApana karate the| kavi ne unakA sUtra guNavAna kiyA hai| bhaTTAraka padmanandi me bhAvakAvAra sArodvAra nAma kA grantha bhI dAtAra ke liye banAyA thaa| saMdhiyoM meM pAye jAne vAle padya meM kavi ne sUcita kiyA hai ki rAjA anayacandra ne antima jIvana meM rAjya kA bhAra rAmacandra ko dekara svarga prApta kiyA / saM0 1454 meM rAmacandra ne rAjya pada prApta kiyA thaa| jo rAjya kArya meM dakSa aura kartavya parAyaNa thaa| isa taraha yaha racanA mahatvapUrNa aura prakAzita ke yogya hai| ma0 sakalakIti inakA janma saMvata 1443 meM thI, jo gujarAta ko eka | mUlasaMgha sarasvatI gaccha balAtkAragaNa ke maTTAraka pacana ke huA thaa| inake mAtA-pitA 'ahilapura paTTaNa' ke nivAsI the| inakI jAti pratiSThita jAti hai| isa jAti meM aneka prasiddha puruSa aura dAnI dhAvaka-dhAvikAeM tathA rAjamAnya vyakti hue haiN| inake pitA kA nAma 'karamasiMha aura mAtA kA nAma 'zobhA' thA inako vAlyAvasthA kA nAma pUrNasiMha thaa| janmakAla se hI yaha honahAra tathA kuzA buddhi me pitA ne pAMca varSa ko bAlyAvasthA meM inheM vidyArambha karA diyA thA, para thoDaM hI samaya meM inhoMne use pUrNa kara liyA thA pUrNasiMha kA mana svabhAvataH yakti ko ghora rahatA thA | caudaha varSa kI avasthA meM inakA vivAha ho gayA thA / kintu inakA mana sAMsArika viSayoM ko aura nahIM thaa| yataH ve para meM udAsIna bhAva se rahate the mAtA-pitA ne inakI udAsIna vRti dekhakara inheM bahuta samajhAyA pora kahA ki hamAre pAsa dhana-sampatti hai vaha kisa kAma AyegI ? saMyama pAlana ke liye to sabhI bahuta samaya par3A hai / parantu pUrNasiMha 12 varSa se adhika ghara meM nahIM rahe, aura 26 varSa kI avasthA meM vi0 saM0 2066 meM deNA grAma meM Akara bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke paTTaziSya bha0 padmanandI ke pAsa dIkSita ho gae aura unake pAsa sATha varSa taka raha kara jaina siddhAnta kA adhyayana kiyA aura kAvya, nyAya, chanda aura alaMkAra yAda meM nipuNatA prApta kii| 'dIkSita hone para guru ne inAma ko use ve lakIti' nAma se hI loka meM hue| usa samaya unakI avasthA 34 varSa kI ho gii| taya ve bAcArya khlaaye| bhaTTAraka banane se pahale prAcArya yA maNDa lAcArya pada dene kI prathA kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| sakalakIrti 15vIM zatAbdI ke acche vidvAna aura kavi the| unake ziSyoM ne unakI khUba prazaMsA kI hai| unakI kRtiyAM bhI unake pratibhA sampanna vidvAna hone kI sUcanA detI hai brahma jinavAsa ne, jo unake ziSya aura laghubhrAtA the / unhoMne rAmacaritra kI prazArita meM nirgrantha, pratApI kavi, vAdi kalA pravINa, taponidhi aura vikAsa bhAsvAn' batalAyA hai| tatpaTTa paMkezavikAsa bhAsvAn babhUvanidyegthavaraH pratApI mahAkavitvAdi kalA pravINastaponidhiH zrI sakalAtiH / / 184 aura zubhacandra ne 'purANa kAvyArtha vidAmbara' batalAyA hai' / brahma kAmarAja ne jayapurANa meM sakalakIrti ko yogIza, jJAnI bhaTTArakezvara batalAyA hai| isase ve apane samaya ke prasiddha jJAnI digambara bhaTTAraka the, isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai| naiNavAM se zikSA sampanna hokara thAne ke pazcAt jana sAdhAraNa meM cetanA jAgRta karane ke liye sthAna-sthAna para vihAra karane lge| eka bAra ve khoDaNa nagara Aye, aura nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM vyAnastha mudrA meM baiTha gae aura sambhavataH tIna dina taka ve usI mudrA meM sthita rahe, una para kisI kI dRSTi na pdd'ii| nagara se pAnI bharane mAmu ge mAI huI eka after ne jaba na sAdhu ko dhyAnastha baiThe dekhA to usane zIghra jAkara apanI mA nimna zabdoM meM nivedana kiyA-- ki isa nagara ke bAhara kue~ ke samIpa jo purAnA makAna banA huA hai uma virA 1. purAvida vibhAnU bora: sakalAditiH 2. sakalakatiyogI jJAnI bhaTTArakezvaraH / zreNika carita pra0 """" jayapurANa pra0

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 492 ra morachA hai| sA r purAne makAna ke pAsa eka sAtha baiThA hai jisake pAsa eka kAkA ne kahA koI mAthI sAyA hogA, yaha kaha kara vaha vahA~ gaI aura unheM 'namostu' kahakara namaskAra kiyA tIna pradakSiNA dI, taba sAtha ne dharma vRddhirUpAzIrvAda diyA aura ve nagara meM Aye pAnA bhAna ke ghara unhoMne AhAra liyaa| malakIrti ne vAgaDa prAnta ke choTe bar3e nagaroM meM vihAra kiyA, janatA ko dharmamArga kA upadeza diyA, unheM jaina dharma kA paricaya diyA aura janasamUha meM Aye hue dhArmika thitya ko dUra kiyA aura jainadharma kI jyoti ko camakAne kA udyoga kiyaa| saM0 1477 se 1466 taka ke 22 bAIsa varSIya kAla meM muni ne nya racanA, jina maMdira mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA Adi prazasta kAryoM dvArA jaina dharma kA prasAra kiyaa| isakA iti vRtta sahaja hI jJAta ho jAtA hai| pratiSThAkArya kitanI pratiSThAeM sampanna kraaii| isakA nizcita pramANa batalAnA kaThina hai| jaba taka sabhI sthAnoM ke mUrti lekha saMgraha nahIM kiye jAte, taba taka ukta prazna kA sahI uttara denA saMbhava nahIM jNctaa| merI noTa cuka meM pratiSThAoM ke manile vidyamAna hai maM0 1400, 1460, 1462. 1466 1467 aura 149 ke hai| inameM saM0 1480 kA aura 1466 ke lekha suni kAMtisAgara kI DAyarI tathA harisAgara ke saMgraha ke tAmvarIya maMdiroM meM pratiSTita digambara mUrtiyoM ke hai, zeSa cAroM deza udayapura, DUMgapura, sUrata, jayapura meM pratiSThita mUrtiyoM ke haiN| usa kAla aneka pratiSThita saMpatiyoM ne unake pratiSThAoM meM sahayoga diyA thaa| galiyAkoTa meM sa0 1462 meM ekapati gularAja ne vivAsi jinabimba kI sthApanA karAI thii| nAgadraha meM saMghapati ThAkurasiha ne vizva pratiSThita meM yoga diyA thaa| sakalakIti rAsa meM unakI kucha racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| grantha bhaMDAroM meM unakI jo kRtiyAM upa ahuuN| unameM se kisI meM bhI unhoMne racanA kAma nahIM diyA sakalakoti ko sabhI racanAe sundara hai| hAM kAvya ko dRSTi se unameM rasajhalaMkAra Adi kA vizeSa varNana nahIM hai| sIdhe sAde padoM meM kathAnaka yA carita diyA hai| yadyapi unameM pUrvavartI granthoM se koI khAsa vaiziSTya nahIM hai kintu racanA saMkSipta aura sarala hai| unake sabhI grantha huA prakAzana ke yogya hai| saMskRta racanAeM . 1. prAdipurANa (vRSabhanAtha carina) 2. uttara purANa, 3. zAMtinAtha purANa 4. pAzvaM purANa 5. vardhamAna purANa 6. mallinAtha caritra 7. yazodhara caritra 5 dhanyakumAra naritra . sukamAla caritra 10 sudarzana caritra 11. jambu svAmi caritra 12. zrIpAla caritra 13. mulAcAra pradIpa 14. siddhAntasAra dIpaka 15. purANasAra saMgraha 16. tattvArthasAra dIpaka 17 AgamasAra 18. samAdhimaraNotsAha dIpaka 16 sAracatuvizatikA 20 dvAdazAnuprekSA 21. karma vipAka 22. ananta vrata pUjothApana 23. aSTAGgika pUjA 24. solaha kAraNa pUjA 25 gamavara valaya pUjA 26. paMca parameSThI pUjA 27. paramAtmarAja stotra / rAjasthAnI gujarAtI racanAe 1. mArAdhanA prati bodhasAra 2. karma cUravrataveti 3. pArzvanAthASTaka 4. muktAvali gIta 5. solaha kAraNa 1.01460 sudI 1 zanI bhI mUla nandivekara sarasvatI bacce bhI kukudA mI zrI zubhacandra tasya [guru] bhrAtA jayatamaya vipAta muni zrI kati upadezAn zAtIya naravada AryA balA tayoH putrAH ThA0 devapAla, arjuna, bhImmaM kRpA cAsaraNa cAMpA kATA zrI AdinAtha pratimeyaM (sUrata) / 2. [saM0 1460 mUlasaMbe zrI sakalakIti va jJAtIya zAha karNa bhAryA bholI sunA sobhA bhrAtrA moTI bhAryA pAsI AdinAthaM praNamati /

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15vI 16vauM 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 462 rAsa 6. zAntinAtha phAgu 7. dharma vANI 8. pUjA gIta 6. NamokAra gotaDI 10, janmAbhiSeka dhUla 11. bhavabhramaNa gIta 12, caunosatIrthakara kAmu 13. sArazikhAmaNa rAsa 14, cAritragIta 15. iMdriya saMvara gIta graadi| racanAe' sAmane na hone se inakA paricaya nahIM diyA jA rahA / granthoM ke nAma sUciyoM para se diye gaye haiM 1 avakAza milane para phira kabhI inakA paricaya likhA jAyagA / mulAcAra pradIpa meM bhI racanA kAla nahIM hai kintu , baDAlI ke cAturmAsa meM likhI gaI eka gujarAtI kavitA meM malAcAra pradIpa ke race jAne kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isakI racanA unhoMne laghabhrAtA jina dAsa ke angraha se kI gaI thI, usakA samaya maM0 1481 diyA gayA hai| "tihi avasare garu prAviyA yaDAlI nagara majhAra re| cAturmAsa tihApharo zomano, zrAvaka kISA harSa prapAra re| pramIjhare padharAyithA vadhAI pAve naranAra re| sakala saMgha milake dayA kInyA jaya-jayakAra re / - -. ..... caudaha sau ikyAsI bhalA , zrAvaNamAsa lasaMta re / pratimA vijApUra ga NAcA gare / bhrAtAmA anugraha thakI, kIdhA grantha mhaanre|" bha. sakasakIti ne 15 vIM zatAbdI meM rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM vihAra kara janatA meM dhArmika ruci jAgata kI, unheM janadharma kA parijJAna karAyA, aura pravacanoM dvArA unake ajJAna mala ko dhoyaa| unhIM kA anamaraNa unake lagha bhrAtA brahma jinadAsa ne kiyaa| usake bAda unakI ziSya paramparA meM vahI krama calatA rhaa| saMvata 1482 meM DaMgara pura meM dIkSA mahotsava sampanna kiyA" / saMvata 1492 va galiyA koTa meM bhaTaTAraka gaTTI kI sthApanA kI aura apane ko balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatI gaccha kA bhaddAraka ghoSita kiyaa| -- - -- samaya bicAra eka padaTAvalI meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kA jIvana 56 varSa kA batalAyA hai| saMvat 146 meM mahasAnA meM ve divaMgata hae / vahAM unakI niSadhi bhI banI huI hai| sakalakIti kA janma saM0 1443 meM hmaa| 14 varSa kI avasthA meM unakA vivAha humA / aura 12 varSa be gRhasthI meM rahe / 26 varSa kI avasthA meM saM0 1466 meM ghara se naNayA jAkara bha. parandI se dIkSA lekara pATha varSa taka unake pAsa rahakara, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, siddhAnta, kAvya chanda alaMkAra grAdi kA adhyayana kara paiduSya prApta kiyA / sakala kIrti rAsa meM bhUla se 'cauda unahattara' ke sthAna para 'cauda saThi padA gayA yA likhA gayA, jo galata hai. usase unake samaya sambandha meM vivAda uTha khar3A humaa| ve saM01477 meM caunIma kI prAisthA meM bAgar3a gajarAta ke grAma khoDaNe meM prAye, aura yahA~ zAha pocA ke gRha meM pAhAra liyaa| pazcAna va paryanta vividha sthAnoM meM bhramaNa kiyaa| aneka mahatvapUrNa grantha banAye / mandira-mati-nirvANa evaM pratipAdi kArya sampanna kiye aura anta meM 56 varSa kI avasthA meM saM0 1496 meM svargavAsI he| DA jyoti prasAda jI sakalakIti kA jIvana 81 varSa kA svIkAra karate haiM jo ThIka nahIM jAna paDatA DA vidyAdhara joharApura kara ne bhaTTAraka sampradAya meM sakalakIti kA samaya saM0 1450 se 1510 taka kA diyA hai. jisakA unhoMne koI AdhAra nahIM batalAyA / ukta donoM vidvAnoM dvArA batalAyA samaya paTaTAvalIkamamaya rela nahIM khAtA / AzA hai donoM vidvAna apane batalAye samaya para punaH vicAra kreNge| 1. caudaha abyAsIya saMvati kula dIpaka narapAla saMvapati / DUgarapura dIkSA mahocchava tINi riyaag| zrI sakalakIni saha guru sukari, dISI dIkSA ANaMdari-jaya jayakAra mayala carAcaru e| -mAlakIti sa

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 paMDita rAmacamba inakA janma lamba kaMcuka vaMza meM huA thA / inake pitA kA nAma 'subhaga' aura mAtA kA nAma 'devakI' thA / inakI dharmapatnI kA nAma 'malhUNA' devI thA, jisase 'abhimanyu' nAma kA eka putra utpanna huA thA, jo zIlAdi sad guNoM se alaMkRta thaa| kavi ne ukta abhimanyu kI prArthanA se prAcArya punnATa saMghIya janasena ke harivaMza purANAnusAra saMkSipta harivaMza purANa kI racanA kI hai / grantha kI racanA kaba aura kahAM para huI isakA pracArita meM koI ullekha nahIM hai / kAraMjA ke balAtkAragaNa ke zAstrabhaMDAra kI yaha prati saM01560 kI likho huI hai| isameM itanA to sunizcita hai ki anya saMvat 1560 se pUrvavartI hai| saMbhavataH yaha racanA 15 vIM zatAbdI meM racI gaI ho / 414 nAgadeva IAM nAgadeva mallUgita kA putra thA usane apane kuTumba kA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai: caMgadeva kA putra haradeva haradeva kA nAgadeva, nAgadeva ke do putra hue hema aura rAma ye donoM hI vaidya kalA meM acche niSyAta the| rAma ke priyaMkara aura priyaMkara ke mallugita, aura mallumita ke nAgadeva nAma kA putra huA / 2 nAgadeva ne apanI laghatA vyakta karate hue apane ko alpaza tathA chanda alaMkAra, kAvya, vyAkaraNAdi se anabhijJa prakaTa kiyA hai| isakI eka mAtra kRti 'madana parAjaya' hai / kavi ne likhA hai ki sabase pahale haradeva ne 'mayaNaparAjaya' nAma kA eka grantha apabhraMza bhASA ke paddhaDiyA ra raMgA chanda meM banAyA thaa| nAgadeva ne usI kA anuvAda evaM anusaraNa karate hue usane yathAvazyaka saMzodhana parivartanAdi ke sAtha vividha khAdoM yAda kiyA hai| / yaha grantha eka rUpaka khaNDa kAvya hai, jo bar3A hI sarasa aura manamohaka hai, isameM kAmadeva rAjA moha, maMtrI ahaMkAra aura ajJAna bAdi senAniyoM ke sAtha jo bhAvanagara meM rAjya karate haiN| vAritra pura ke rAjA jinarAja unaka zatru hai; kyoMki pI kanyA se pANigrahaNa karanA cAhate haiM kAmadeva ne rAga-dveya nAma ke dUta dvArA mahArAja jinarAja ke pAsa yaha sandeza bhejA ki Apa yA to mukti kanyA se apane vivAha ke vicAra kA parityAga kara apane pradhAna subhaTa darzana, jJAna, cAritra ko mujhe sauMpa deM, anyathA yuddha ke liye taiyAra ho jaay| jinarAja ne uttara meM kAma deva se yuddha karanA hI zreyaskara samajhA aura anta meM kAmadeva ko parAjita kara apanA vicAra pUrNa kiyA / aba rahI samaya ko bAta, grantha kartA ne racanA samaya nahIM diyA, jisase yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai ki nAgadeva kaba hue haiM / grantha kI prati saM0 1573 kI pratilipi kI huI upalabdha hai usase spaSTa hai ki grantha usake bAda kA nahIM ho sakatA, usase pUrvavartI hai| saMbhavataH grantha vikrama kI 15 vIM zatAbdI meM racA gayA hai| 1. lambakaMcukI jAlI jana-manoharaH / sonadevako yasya vallabhA // 4 tadAtmanaH kalAnedI vibhuussitH| rAmanandAmi zreSThI malA nitA priyA 25 navayAtIla nAyakRtaH / bhimanyu mahAdAnI tattrArthanA vazAdasare // 6 2. paH zuddha momakula-padma-vikA nArko jAto'rthinAM surataSabhu vicaMgadevaH / tannaMdano hari rasatkavi nAgasiMhaH tasmAdbhiSag janapati bhuMvinAgadevaH // 2 bhiyanA virAmI rAmAtpriyaMkara iti yo'cinayaH / vivarita mahArANI janapadamabhUH // 13 - jaina grantha prazasti0 bhA0 1 pR0 36 jaina prantha praza0 bhA0 1 0 76

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| 1 : 1 15 16 176 18 zatAbdI ke prAcArya, maTTAraka aura kavi abhinava vArukIti paMDitadeva cArukIrti paMDidiva - yaha nandisaMgha dezIya gaNa pustaka gaccha iMganezvara balizAkhA ke bhaTTAraka zrutakoti ke ziSya the| inakA janma nAma kucha aura hI rahA hogA / cArukIrti nAma to zravaNabelagola ke paTTa para baiThane kAraNa prasiddha huA hai| inakA janmasthAna draviNa dezAntargata siMhapura thaa| yaha cArukIti paMDitAcArya ke nAma se khyAta the aura zravaNa belagola ke cArukIrti bhaTTAraka ke pada para pratiSThita the| yaha vidvAna aura tapasvI yaM / vAdI tathA cikitsA zAstra meM nipuNa the / tapa meM niSThura, citta meM upazAnta, guNoM meM gurutA aura zarIra meM kRzatA tho eka bAra rAjA ballAla yuddha kSetra ke samIpa maraNAsanna ho ge| bhaTTAraka cArukIti ne unheM tatkAla nIroga kara diyA thA / 415 inhoMne gaMgavaMza ke rAjakumAra devarAja ke anurodha se 'gIta vItarAga' kA praNayana kiyA thaa| isameM RSabhadeva kA carita varNita hai| jayadeva ( san 1980) ke gIta govinda ke DhaMga para isakI racanA huI hai| isakA apara nAma aSTapadI hai| isa grantha kA ni kA vAkya isa prakAra hai : "iti zrImahArAja guru sUmaNDatAcAryavarga mahAvAda vAdIzvarAya vAdi pitAmaha saphala vidvajjana cakravartI ballAlarAya jona rakSapAla (1) kRtyAdyaneka vipadAvalivirAjalagola saMddha sihAsanAdhIzvara zrImadabhi navacArukIti paNDitAcAyaM vayaM praNIta gota bIta rAgAbhidhAvASTa padI samAptA / " inakI dUsarI kRti 'prameyaratnagAcAlaMkAra hai jo parIkSAmukhasUtra ko vyAkhyA prameyaratna mAlA kI vyAkhyA hai / usI ke viSaya kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai| anya dArzanika hai aura chaha paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai / grantha abhI aprakAzita hai isakA samApti puSpikA vAkya isa prakAra hai : iti zrImadda zigaNAgragaNaNyasya zrImadva ela mulapura nibAsa ratikasya cArukoti paNDitA cAryasya kRtI parIkSA mukha sUtra vyAkhyAyAM prameya ratnavAlA laGkAra samAkhyAyAM SaSThaH paricchedaH samAptaH // samaya- bhaTTAraka zrutakIrti kA svargavAsa zaka saM0 1355 (san 1433) meM huA hai| prataeva abhinava cArukIti kA samaya zaka saM0 1350 (san 1428) hai| yaha vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| lakSmIcandra inakA koI paricaya prApta nahIM hai / lakSmIcandra kI do kRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| eka sAvaya dhamma dohA (zrAvaka dharma dohA) dUsarI kRti 'zranuprekSA dohA ' hai / dhAvaka dharma dohA--meM zrAvaka dharma kA varNana 224 dohoM meM kiyA gayA hai| dohA sarasa maura sarala haiM / kintu kavi kuzala, anubhavI, vyavahAra catura aura notijJa jAna par3atA hai| kathana zailA prAdezAtmaka hai / grantha kI bhASA ayabhraMza hote hue bhI loka bhASA ke atyadhika nikaTa hai| dohoM meM dRSTAntaM vAkya jur3e hone ke kAraNa grantha priya ra saMgrAhya ho gayA hai| vAdIbhasiMha kI kSatra cUr3AmaNi subhASita nItiyoM ke kAraNa bahuta hI priya aura upAdeya banA huA hai / DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyAya ke anusAra brahmazrutasAgara ne nI dohe isa grantha ke uktaM ca rUpa se diye haiN| isase itanA to spaSTa hai ki prastuta dohoM kI racanA vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya kAla se pUrva huI hai grantha meM praSTa prakArI pUjA kA phala diyA hai aura nimna pramakSa vastuoM ke khAne se samyagdarzana kA bhaMga honA batalAyA hai / sUlau NAlI- bhisu - lhasugu-ta va karaDa- kaligu / sUraNa- phulla sthApayahaM bhavavaNi daMsaNa bhaMgu / - gIta bItarAga praza0 1. draviDa deza viziSTe siMhapure labdhasta janmAsI / 2. jaina lekhasaMgraha mA0 1 0 213 lekha naM0 108 / 3. dekho, gIta vItarAga prazasti /

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4 aMna dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 isakA prathaM paM. dIpacanda pANDayA ne isa prakAra diyA hai- mUlI Adi hare jamokada, nAlI (kamala pyAja ada kI nAlI mirA- va.mala kI jar3a, lahasuNa, numbo zAka (lokI zAka 1) karaDa kasabhI kI bhAjI / kaliMga sAvajA 1) maraNa kanda prAdhi kanda, puSpa hare phUla, saba prakAra kA anAja (bahuta dinoM kA banA pAcAra murabbA) inavaniza darzana bhaMga hotA hai / isameM numbI zAka mAmathaM lokI (ghoyA) diyA gayA hai / lokI ko kahIM bhI mabhakSa padArtho nahI minAyA gyaa| sambhava hai granthakAra kA isase koI dUsarA hI abhiprAya ho, kyoMki loko jirI piyA bhI kahA jAtA hai, vaha abhakSa nahIM hai isI taraha sema kI phalI bhI abhakSa nahIM hai| graMpa kI tulanA para se spaSTa hai ki prastuta racanA 40 prAzAghara ke bAda kA hai / samvRAna bhAva saMgraha ke kartA bAmadeva yA idra vAmadeva ke guru lakSmI candra the| para inake sambandha meM anya koI jAnakArI prApa nayA sAdhaya dhamma dohA kA vArtA 16vIM zatAbdI ke lakSmIcanda kA nahIM mAnA, usakA kAraNa bahA anamAgara dvArA sAvayadhamma dohA ke payA kA uddhana karanA hai| prataH lakSmIcandra 16vIM zatAbdI ke nahIM ho skii| unhoMne use parvavata batalAyA hai' / merI rAya meM yaha grantha 14vIM zatAbdI yA usake pAsa-pAsa ko racanA hAnI cAhiye / pa0 dAgacanda pAgacyA sAvadhadhamma dohA kA racanA kAla vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa batalAyA hai| ataH vidhAyaka pramANoM ke aAdhAra para lakSmIcanda kA samaya nizcita karanA jarUrI hai, prAzA hai vidvAna isa aura apanA dhyAna dg| . mahAnuprekSA meM 40 dohA hai, unameM kavi ne apanA nAma ullikhita nahIM kiyA, kintu sUcI meM usakA kartA 'labha candra likhA / yaha dohA nutyAMkSA anekAnta varSa 12 10vI kiraNa MATA hai| kahA tumhaH praura pratyeka bhAvanA ke svarUpa ka vivaMcaka hai| sAvaya dhamma dohA se anuprakSA ke dohA adhika sundara vyAravAna jAna par3ana para racAI vAla aura racanA sthala tathA lekhaka ke nAma se rahita hone ke kAraNa usa para vizeSa vicAra karanA zakya nahIM hai / sAtha hI yaha nirNaya bhI vAMchanIya hai ki donoM ke katAM eka hI haiM; yA bhinna-bhinna / kavi halla yA haricanda malasaMdha, balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatI gaccha ke bhaTaTAraka prabhAcandra ke praziSya praura bhaTTAraka padmanandI ka ziSya the| acche vidvAna aura kavi the inakI do kRtiyAM upalabdha hai / zreNika cariu yA vaDhamANakadhva aura mAhalaNAhakancha / katA ne racanAkAla nahI diyA ||phr bhI anya sAdhanoM se kavi kA samaya vikramI ko coM zatAbdI hai| racanAeM zreNika carita yA varddhamAnakAvya meM 11 saMdhiyAM haiM, jinameM aMtima nIrthakara vaddha mAna kA jIvana paricaya nakala kayA gayA hai / kavi ne yaha grantha deva rAya ke putra 'holiyamma' ke liye banAyA hai| gAya hI unake samakAlAna hAna bAla magadha samnATa bimbasAra yANi ka kI jIvana gAthA bhI dI huI hai / yaha gajA bar3A manApI aura rAjanIta meM kamala thA / isake senApati aMTi jaba kumAra the / isa rAjA kI paTTa mahiSI rAnI calanA tho, jo baMgAlI gaNataMtra phai adhyakSa licchavi rAjA ceTaka ko vidupI putrI thii| jo jaina dharma saMpAlikA aura pativratA thI / zreNika prArambha meM anya dharma kA pAlaka thA, kintu celanA ke sahayoga se digambara jaina dharma kA bhakta aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ko sabhA yA pramugna zrItA ho gayA thaa| prastuta grantha devarAya ke putra rAMdhAdhi paholibamma ke anurodha meM racA gayA hai| aura gAya kA sa0 1550 likhI huI prati vadho candra maMdira jayapura ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM maujUda hai| 1. yaha lakSa nArada sAgara ke samakAlIna lakSmIcandra se jude haiN| paramAtma prakAza panAvanA gR0 111 2. granthakAra kA nAma lakSmInanda hai aura unakA samapa grantha ko upalabdha niyoM aura prApta nihAmika pramAgaNI ke mAdhAra para vikrama ko 16vI zatAbdI kA prathama trANa rahA hai| sAvaya dhamma dohA, sampAdakIya 012 gari padamA paMpa panA:ya ca uvagmA rAziNayaabhaya carite viraisa jagamittahamAna bayAno bhavigaNa jaNa maNa mAhida hAliyApaNAsamma nae zivAya gamagogAmArahamo sadhi paricaMdramI samanA / /

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YES 15vIM 16vIM 17vI aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi kavi kI dUsarI racanA mallinAtha 'kAvya' hai| jisameM 16vaM tIrthaMkara mallinAtha kA jIvana paricaya diyA huAA hai / jhAmera zAstra bhaNDAra kI yaha prati truTita hai, isake prAdi ke tIna patra aura antima patra bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / isa grantha kI racanA pRthvIrAja (saMsAracanda) cauhAna ke rAjya meM hue haiN| isIlie kavi ne 'ciraNaMda desu pusahami pAresu vAkya meM unakA ullekha kiyA hai| pRthvIrAja bhojarAja cauhAna karahala kA putra thA, isakI mAtA kA nAma nAika devI thA / pArzvanAtha carita ke kartA asavAla (saM0 1479 ) ne usake rAjya ko saM0 1471 kI ghaTanA kA ullekha kiyA hai, ukta 1471 meM bhojarAja ke maMtro yaduvaMzI amarasiMha ne ratnamamI jina bimba ko pratiSThA kI thii| kavi halla ke mallinAtha kAvya ke kartA kI loNAsAhu ne prazaMsA kI thii| isase ukta mallinAtha kAvya saM0 1471 yA 1470 kI racanA hai / ataH kavi kA samaya saM0 1450 se 1475 hai / kavi kI tIsarI kRti 'zrIpAla caritra' hai / yaha bhI apabhraMza bhASA meM racA gayA / isakI 60 patrAtmaka prati di0 jaina maMdira dIvAnajI kAmA ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| ( rAjasthAna grantha sUcI bhAga 5 pR0 363 ) kavi prasavAla kavi kA vaMza golADa yA golAlAre thA / yaha paMDita lakSmaNa kA putra thA / kavi kahAM kA nivAsI thaa| kavi ne isakA ullekha nahIM kiyA / para kavi ne mUla saMgha balAtkAragaNa ke bha0 prabhAcandra, padmanandI, zubhacandra aura dharmacandra kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH kavi inhIM kI prAmnAya kA thaa| saMvat 146 meM kavi ke putra vidyAdhara ne bha amarakIrti ke 'SaT karmopadeza' kI prati likhI thI / yaha grantha nAgaura ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM surakSita hai / 1 kavi kI eka mAtra kRti pAzvanAthacaritra hai| jisameM 13 saMdhiyAM haiM / jinameM 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI jIvana gAthA dI huI hai| grantha meM paddhaDiyA kI bahulatA hai / granya kI bhASA usa samaya kI hai jaba hindI bhASA apanA vikAsa aura pratiSThA prApta kara rahI thii| bhASA muhAvaredAra hai| racanA sAmAnya hai| K yaha grantha kuzAta deza meM sthita 'karahala" nagara nivAsI sAhU sorNima ke anurodha se banAyA thA, jo yaduvaMza meM utpanna hue / usa samaya karahala meM cauhAna vaMzI rAjAoM kA rAjya thaa| isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1476 bhAdrapada kRSNA ekAdazI ko banAkara samApta kI gaI thI / granya nirmANa meM kavi ko eka varSa kA samaya lagA thA / grantha nirmANa ke samaya karahala meM cauhAna vaMzI rAjAbhojarAja ke putra saMsAracandra ( pRthvIsiMha) kA rAjya thaa| inakI mAtA kA nAma nAikkadevI thA aura yaduvaMzI amarasiMha bhojarAja ke maMtrI the, jo jaina dharma ke saMpAlaka the / inake cAra bhAI aura bhI the, jinake nAma karamasiMha, samarasiMha, nakSatrasiMha aura lakSmaNasiMha the / zramasiMha kI dharmapatnI kA nAma kamala zrI thaa| usase tIna putra utpanna hue the / nandana, sopiMga aura loNA sAhU / inameM loNA sAhU jinayAtrA, pratiSThA Adi prazasta kAryoM meM dravya kA viniyama karate the aura aneka vidhAna - udyApanAdi kArya karAte the / unhoMne mallinAtha carita ke kartA kavi 'halla' kI prazaMsA kI thI | loNA sAhU ke anurodha me kavi meM rAjA asavAla ne pArzvanAtha carita kI racanA unake jyeSTha bhrAtA sogiMga ke lie kI thii| prazasti meM saM0 1471 bhojarAja ke rAjya meM sampanna hone vAle pratiSThotsava kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jisameM ratnamayo jina vimba kI pratiSThA sAnanda sampanna huI thI / kavi kI anya kyA racanA hai anveSaNa karanA zrAvazyaka hai / kavi kA samaya 15 vIM zatAbdI kA tRtIya caraNa hai / 1. mI paMDiya lakhaNa suya gulaMga, gularADa dasi yapaDa ahaM / jaina grantha prazasti0 bhA0 2 pR0 126 2. golAkAnvaye vAkuvaMze zrI mUlasa 3. kuzAla deza sUrasena deza ke uttara meM paMDita asavAla suta vidyAdhara nAmA lilekhi|" (nAgaura zAstra sarakAra prati ) basA huA thA aura usakI rAjadhAnI zaurI pura bI, jise yAdavoM ne basAyA thA / jarAsaMgha ke virodha ke kAraNa yAdavoM ko isa pradeza ko chor3akara dvArikA ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAnI par3I thii| 4. karahula iTAvA se 13 mIla kI dUrI para jamunA nadI ke taTa para basA huA hai, vahAM cauhAna vaMzI rAjAoM kA rAjya rahA hai| yahAM zivarabanda cAra jaina mandira hai / aura acchA zAstrakAra bhI haiN|

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495 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa brahma sAdhAraNa yaha mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvayI bha0 paramparA ke vidvAna haribhUSaNa ziSya narendra kIrti ke ziSya the| inhoMne apanI guruparamparA kA nimna prakAra ullekha kiyA hai| -- siri kundakunda gaNi rayaNakitti, pahasoma poma NaMdI sudita / hariNa sIsarikitti, vijjAnaMdiya daMsaNa dhariti // " ratnakIrti, prabhAcandra, padmanandI, haribhUSaNa ziSya narendra kIrti aura vidyAnanda / kavi ne apanI racanAoM meM racanAkAla zrIra racanA sthala kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| kathA kI yaha prati vi0 saM0 1508 kI likhI huI hai' / isase grantha ukta saM0 1508 se pUrva racA gayA hai / kavi kA samaya 15 vIM zatAbdI hai / isa kathA saMgraha meM 8 kathAe~ aura anuprakSA dI huI haiN| kokilA paMcamI, mukuTa saptamI, duddhArasika thA, AdityavIra kathA, tIna- cauvIsI kathA puSpAMjali kathA, nidukhesattamI kathA, nirbhara paMcamI kathA aura anuprekSA / pratyeka racanA ke anta meM nimna puSpikA vAkya diyA huA 1 'iti zrI narendra kIrti ziSya brahma sAdhAraNa kRtA anuprakSA samAptA / ' ina kathAoM meM jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra vratoM kA vidhAna aura unake phala kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI vratoM ke AcaraNa kA krama aura tithi Adi ke ullekhoM ke sAtha saMkSepa meM udyApana vidhi kA ullekha kiyA hai| yadi udyApana kI zakti na ho to dugane varSa vrata karane kI prarNA kI hai| antima grantha anuprekSA meM anityAdi dvAdaza bhAvanAoM ke svarUpa kA digdarzana karAte hue saMsAra aura dehabhogoM kI asAratA kA ullekha karate hue AtmA ko vairAgya kI ora AkRSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA 1 koila paMcavI kathA : pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke lie 'koila paMcamI' kathA kA sAra nIce diyA jAtA hai-bharata kSetra ke kuru jAMgala deza meM sthita rAyapura nAmaka nagara meM vIrasena nAma ke rAjA rAjya karate the| usI rAjya meM dhanapAla seTha apanI bhAryA dhanamati ke sAtha sukha pUrvaka rahate the| unakA putra dhanabhadra aura putravadhU jinamati thii| jinamati kuzala gRhiNI jinapUjA aura dAnAdi meM abhiruci rakhane balI thI, parantu usakI sAsu dhanamati ko jaina dharma se prema nahIM thA / donoM ke bIca yahI eka khAI kA kAraNa thA / kAlAntara meM dhanapAla kAla kavalita ho gyaa| kucha samaya vAda viSaNNa vandanA dhanamati bhI calavasI, zrIra pApakarma ke kAraNa vaha usI ghara meM koila huI / ataH durbhAvazAt vaha jinamati ke sira meM hamezA Takkara mArakara use duHkhita karatI rahatI thI / eka dina usa nagara meM zrutasAgara nAma ke munirAja prAye ve avadhijJAnI the| dhanabhadra aura jinamati ne unheM AhAra dekara unase koila kI gatividhiyoM ke sandarbha meM pU~chA / taba munirAja ne batalAyA ki vaha tumhArI jananI hai| muniyoM ke zrAhAra dAna meM antarAya DAlane ke kAraNa vaha koila huI / pazcAt munirAja ne saMsAra kI ghasAratA kA varNana kiyA, aura batalAyA ki 5 varSa taka koila paMcamI vrata kA anuSThAna karo, bhASAr3ha mahIne ke kRSNa pakSa meM upavAsakaro, vrata pUrA hone para kArtika ke kRSNa pakSa meM usakA udyApana karo, udyApana meM pAMca pAMca vastue~ jina mandira meM dIjie udyApana kI zakti na ho to dugune dina vrata karanA cAhie: yaha suna kara koila pUchita ho gayI, jala siMcana se use saceta kiyA gayA bhanaMtara dharmopadeza sunakara koila ne sanyAsa pUrvaka divaMgata huI / 1. saM0 1508 varSe zrI mUlasadhai jinacandra deva khaMDelAnvaye sAvaDA gotre sA0 paM0 vIjhA iyaM kathAnaka grantha likhApya karmakSaya nimitta pradatta |

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15vauM, 16vI, 17vIM aura 15vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, madAraka aura kavi dampati ne munirAja dvArA nirdiSTa koila paMcamI vrata kA vidhi pUrvaka pAlana kiyaa| vrata samApta hone para usakA jajJApana kiyaa| kAlAntara meM ve bhI sanyAsa pUrvaka svargavAsI hue| isameM jIva dayA pAlana karane kA phala batalAyA gayA hai| isI taraha anya saba kathAeM dI gaI haiM / kathAeM aprakAzita haiN| budha vijayasiMha kavi ke pitA kA nAma seTha vilhaNa aura mAtA kA nAma rAjamatI thaa| kavi kA vaMza padmAvatI pUravAla yA aura yaha merupura ke nivAsI the| kavi ne apane guru kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyaa| kavikI ekamAtra kRti 'ajita purANa' upalabdha hai jisakA racanA kAla vi.saM.1505 kArtikI pUrNimA hai| isase kavi kA samaya saM0 1485 se 1515 taka samajhanA caahie| ajita nAtha purANa isa grantha meM 10 saMdhiyAM haiM, jinameM jainiyoM ke dUsare tIrthakara ajitanAtha kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| racanA sAdhAraNa haiM, bhASA apabhraza hote hue bhI usameM dezI zabdoM ko bahubalatA hai| kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA mahAbhavya paM. kAmarAya ke putra devapAla kI preraNA se kI hai| grantha ko prAdyanta prazasti meM kAmarAya ke parivAra kA saMkSipta paricaya karAyA hai| aura likhA hai ki vaNipura yA vaNika pura nAma ke nagara meM khaMDela vAla vaMza meM kaDi (koDI) nAma ke paMDita the unake putra chItu yA chotara the, jo bar3e dharmaniSTha aura zrAvaka kI 11 pratimAnoM kA pAlana karate the| vahIM para lokamitra paDita khetA the, unake prasiddha putra kAmarAya the| kAmarAya kI patnI kA nAma kamaladhI thA, usase tIna putra utpanna hue the| jinakA nAma jinadAsa, rayaNu aura diupAla (devapAla) thaa| usane vahAM vardhamAna kA eka caityAlaya banavAyA thA, jo uttugadhvajAroM se alaMkRta thA / aura jisa meM vardhamAnatIrthakara ko prazAnta mUrti virAjamAna thii| usI devapAla ne yaha caritra grantha banavAyA thaa| kavi ne prathama sandhi meM jinasena, akalaMka, guNabhadra, gaDapiccha, poDhilla (proSThilla) lakSmaNa aura zrIdhara kavi kA nAmollekha kiyA hai| kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA.saM01505 meM kArtikI pUrNimA ke dina kI hai| samaeha paNavaha saeha paMcataha kattiya puNNima vaasre| saMsiddha gaMyaha virjAsaha ki vaha diupAlakayAdare // 325 bhaTTAraka zubhacandra yaha mUlasaMgha dillI paTTa ke bhaTTAraka padmanandI ke padhara ziSya the| yaha padmanandI ke paTTapara kaba pratiSThita hue, isakA niciya samaya to jJAta nahIM ho sakA, para ve saMbhavataH 1470 aura 1476 ke lagabhaga kisI samaya paTTa para pratiSThita hue the| gvAliyara lazkara ke nayAmandira ke caubIsI dhAtu kI mUrti lekha meM sa0 1476 meM bha0 zubhacandra kA ullekha hai| ataH ve usase pUrva hI paTTa para pratiSThita hue jAna par3ate haiN| yaha apane samaya ke pracche vidvAna the| inakI do kRtiyAM mere avalokana meM AI haiN| 'siddha cakra kathA' aura zrI zAradA stavana / zAradA stavana ke veM padya meM-'zrI pamanandIndra munIndra paTTe zubhopadezI zubhacandradevAH' vAkya dvArA unhoMne apanA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha pratiSThAcArya bhI rahe haiM / inake samaya meM granthoM kI pratilipiyAM bhI huI haiN| inake paTTadhara ziSya jinacandra ye bha0 zubhacandra saMbhavataH 1502 taka usa paTTa para pratiSThita rahe haiN| 1. "taspaTTAMbudhiH saJcandraH zubhacandraH satAMvaraH / paMcAkSAta dAvamni kaSAyAmA dharAzaniH / 20-mUlAcAra prazasti tAsu paTTI rayaNataya dhArau, saMjAvau muhacanda bhaDArau / siddha cakra kathA prazasti puNu uvA siMhAsaNa maMDaNa, micchAbAi vAya-bhaDa-khaMDaNu, sAma cariu praka

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50 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 siddhacakra kathA isameM siddhacakra vrata ke mAhAtmya kA varNana hai jise unhoMne samyagdRSTi zrAvaka jAlAka ke lie kalyANakArI kathA kA citraNa kiyA thA / isa kathA kI antima prazasti ke nimna vAkya meM zrI padmanandI munirAja paTTe zubhopadezI zubhacandradevaH' zrI siddhacakrasya kathAvatAraM cakAra bhavyAM bujabhAnumAlI // 1 // bha0 zubhacandra kA samaya vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI kA tRtIya caturthacaraNa hai / ratnako ti yaha balAtkAragaNa ke vidvAna the / yaha bhAvakIti aura anaMtakIrti ke ziSya the| inakI ekamAtra kRti puSpAMjali vratakathA hai jo apabhraMza bhASA kI racanA hai| kathA meM kavi ne racanAkAla aura racanAsthala kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| isakA kAraNa racanA kAla kA nizcaya karanA kaThina hai / saMbhava hai 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA ho / paMDita yogadeva yaha kanArA jile ke kumbhanagara ke nivAsI the| paMDita yogadeva rAjA bhujavalI bhImadeva ke dvArA rAjyamAnya the| vahAM kI rAjyasabhA meM sammAna prApta thA / inakI eka kRti tattvArtha sUtra kI TokA 'sukhabodhavRtti' hai / grantha meM guru paramparA aura racanAkAla kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / isa kAraNa inakA samaya nizcita karanA kaThina hai| apabhraMza bhASA kI 'suvratAnuprekSA' nAma kI 20 kaDavaka kI racanA hai jisameM muni suvrata kI bAraha bhAvanA kA varNana hai / jise unhoMne kuMbhanagara meM rahate hue vizvasena muni ke caraNa kamaloM kI bhakti se racA hai / isa grantha kI yaha pratilipi saM0 1555 baizAkha baMdi 13 ke dina maMsUra ke padyaprabha caityAlaya meM kI gaI hai| isase itanA to sunizcita hai ki paMDita yogadeva usase pahale hue haiN| saMbhavataH yaha 15vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| kavi jalhiga inhoMne apanA koI paricaya, guruparamparA aura 'racanA' kAla nahIM diyA jisase unake sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| inakI ekamAtra kRti, anupehArAsa' hai jisameM zranitya, azaraNa saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, zrAsrava, saMvara, nirjarA loka bodhi durlabha aura dharma / ina bAraha bhAvanAoM kA svarUpa dikhalAte hue unake bAra-bAra citavana karane kI preraNA kI hai| ye bhAvanAeM deha-bhogoM kI prAzakti ko dUra karatI huI unake prati aruci utpanna karatI haiM mora AtmasvarUpa kI ora zrAkRSTa karatI haiN| isIliye inheM mAtA ke samAna hitakArI batalAyA hai / kaSi jalhiga kaba hue, yaha racanA para se jJAta nahIM hotaa| saMbhavataH inakA samaya vikrama kI 18vI yA 15vIM zatAbdI hai / kavi kahatA hai ki jo inakI bhAvanA bhAtA hai vaha pApa-gArA ko dUra karatA huA parama sukha prApta karatA hai| sAtha meM kavi kahatA hai ki maiMne nija zakti se isakI racanA kI hai, usameM jo kucha hona yA adhika kahA gayA ho, yA pada akSara mAtrA se hIna ho, to usakA vigata mala munIzvara zodhana kareM I nemacanda yaha mAthura saMgha ke vidvAna the| inakI racI huI 'ravivayakA' (ravi vrata kathA ) hai jisameM ravivAra ke vrata kI vidhi aura usake phala prApta karane vAle kI kathA dI gaI hai| racanA meM guruparamparA aura racanA kAla kA koI ullekha nahIM hai / isase nizcita samaya batalAnA zakya nahIM hai| kathA kI bhASA sAhityAdi para se 15vIM zatAbdI kI racanA jAna par3atI hai / anya sAdhana sAmagrI ke anveSaNa se samayAdikA nizcaya ho sakegA / I 1. samyagdRSTi vizuddhAtmA jinadharma va vatsalaH / jAlAkaH kArayAmAsa kathAM kalyANa kAriNi // 2

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11vI 16vIM 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke bAcAyaM, bhadrAraka aura kavi paMDita nemicandra yaha SaT tarka cakravartI vinayacandra ke praziSya aura devanandI ke shithe| ho dhanaya kadhi ke 'rAghava pANDavIya' kAvya yA dvisandhAna kAvya kI 'padakaumudI nAma kI TIkA banAI hai| TIkAkAra ne racanA kAla kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| prazasti meM trailokyakIti nAma ke eka vidvAna kA ullekha kiyA hai jisake caraNa kamaloM ke prasAda se vaha grantha samudra ke pAra ko prApta huA hai| TIkA meM racanA kAla na hone se samaya ke nizcaya karane meM bar3I kaThinAI ho rahI hai| isa TIkA kI aneka pratiyAM bhaNDAroM meM pAI jAtI haiN| jayapura ke pArzvanAtha mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 70 patrAtmaka prati jo saM0 1506 meM rAjAigarasiMha ke kAla meM gopAMcala meM likhI gaI thI, lekhaka prazasti apUrNa hai| (jaina grantha sUcI bhA0 4 pR0 172) isase itanA to, sunizcita hai ki pada kaumudo TIkA isase pUrvavartI hai / saMbhavataH 15voM zatAbdI meM racI gaI hai| bha0 zubha vandra yaha karnATaka pradeza ke nivAsI maura kANUragaNa ke vidvAna the jo rAjAnta rUpI samudra ke pAra ko pahacehae the aura vidvAnoM ke dvArA abhivandanIya the| inako eka choTI sI kRti 'SaTdarzana pramANa prameya saMgraha' nAma kI upalabdha hai, jo jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhAga 16 kiraNa 2 pRSTha 45 para prakAzita ho cukI hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne prAcArya samantabhadra ko prAptamo mAMsA gata pramANa ke 'tallajJAna pramANa' nAmaka lakSaNa kA ullekha karate hue usake bheda-prabhedoM kI carcA kI hai| grantha meM racanA kAla diyA huA nahIM hai aura na guru paramparA kA hI koI ullekha kiyA hai| jisase bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke samaya para prakAza DAlA jA sake 1 pratya meM sAMsya, yoga, cavAka, mImAMsaka, aura bauddha darzana ke tatvoM kA saMkSepa meM vicAra kiyA hai| ___kANUragaNa meM aneka vidvAna ho gaye haiN| zravaNabelagola ke samIpa vahI somavAra nAmaka grAma kI purAnI bastI ke samIpa zaka saM01001 (san 1079) ke utkIrNa kiye hue zilAlekha meM kANU ragaNa ke prabhAcandra siddhAnta deva kA ullekha nihita hai / para yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai ki ukta zubhacanda isa kANUragaNa meM kaba hue haiN| 'grantha kI bhASA pratyanta sarala hai, usase jAna par3atA hai ki yaha vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI meM racAgayA hogaa| vizva tatva prakAza kI prastAvanA ke pRSTha 16 meM DA. vidyAdhara joharApura karane bha0 vijaya kIrti ke ziSya bha0 zubhacandra ko ukta grantha kA kartA ThaharAyA hai jabaki yaha zubhacandra mUlasaMgha balAtkAragaNa ke ye pora SaT darzana pramANa prameya saMgraha ke kartA bha0 zucandra kaMDaragaNa vidvAna the| prataeva mUlasaMgha ke bha0 zubhacandra isake kartA nahIM ho skte| inako bhinnatA hote hue bhI DA0 vidyAdhara joharApura karane unheM mUlasaMgha ke bha. vijaya kIti kA ziSya kaise mAna liyA 1 isa sambandha meM anveSaNa karanA prAvazyaka hai, jisase yathArtha sthiti kA nirNaya ho ske| bhAskara kavi yaha vizvAmitra gotrI jaina brAhmaNa thA, isake pitA kA nAma basavAMka thaa| kavi penugoMDe grAma kA vAsI thaa| isakI eka racanA 'jIvaMdhara carita' prApta hai| jo vAdIbhasiMha sUri ke saMskRta grantha kA kanar3I anuvAda hai| aisI sucanA kavi ne svayaM dI hai| graMtha ke prArambha meM kavi ne apane se pUrvavartI prAcAryoM aura kaviyoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai-paMca parameSThI, bhUtavali, puSpadanta, bIrasena, jinasena, akalaMka, kavi parameSThI samantabhadra, koNDakunda, vAdI bhasiMha, paNDitadeva, kumArasena, varddhamAna, dharmabhUSaNa, kumArasena ke ziSya bIrasena, caritra bhUSaNa, nemicandra, guNavarma nAgavarma, hotra (potra), vijaya, aggaladeva, gajAMkuza aura yazacandra grAdi kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA 'zAntezvara vastI' nAma ke jaina mandira meM zaka saM0 1345 ke krodhana saMvatsara (sana 1424) meM phAlguNa zuklA 10mI ravivAra ke dina penugoM ke jina mandira meM samApta kI hai| kavi kA samaya IsA kI 15vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 bha0 kamala kIti yaha kASThAsaMgha mAthuragaccha aura puSkaragaNa ke vidvAna bhaTTAraka amalakIti ke paTTadhara the| unakI muru paramparA kSemakIti, hemakIti amalakIti kamalakIrti yaha paramparA saM0 1525 ke gvAliyara ke mUrti lekha meM pAI jAtI hai| isI samvat dusare lekha meM, samalakIrikabAda saMyabhakIti kA nAma milatA hai| kamalakIti kepada para sonA gira meM zubhacandra pratiSThita hue the| isakA ullekha kavi raidhU ne kiyA hai / isase spaSTa hai ki gvAliyara kA eka paTTa sonA gira meM thA, aura usa para kamalakIti pratiSThita the| unhIM ke paTTa para zubhacandrapratiSThitahue the / ataH ye saba bhaTTAraka 15vIM zatAbdI vidyamAnameM rahe haiN| kamalakitti usamakhamadhArau, bhavyabhavAmbhoNihitArau / tassa paTTakaNayaTTipariTija, siri suhabandasu laya upakaThThi / harivaMzapurANa, mAvi pra. jiNasutta pratya alahaMtaeNa sirikamalaphiti payasevaeNa / siri ke jakitti paTavaresu, taccastha sasthabhAsaNadi su| uhaNa micchattatamohaNAsa, sahacanda bhaSThArau sujasa vaasu| hari antima pra. kamalakIti kI ekamAtra racanA 'tatvasAra' TIkA hai| yaha devasena ke tatvasAra ko TIkA hai jise kamala kIti ne kAyastha mAthurAnvaya meM agraNI amarasiMha ke mAnasa rUpI aravinda ko vikasita karane ke lie dinakara (sUrya) svarUpa isa TIkA ko racanA kI hai arthAt yaha TIkA unake lie likhI gaI hai| prastuta kamalakIrti vahIM haiM jina kA ullekha kavi raidhU ne harivaMza purANa meM kiyA hai aura jisakA ullekha saM0 1525 ke kavi raidhU dvArA pratiSThita mUrti lekha meM hamA hai| ata: inakA samaya 15vIM zatAbdI kA uttAradhaM jAna par3atA hai| kavi candrasena inhoMne apanA paricaya dene kI koI kRpA nahIM kI / kavi kI ekamAtra laghu kRti apabhraMza bhASA ko 10 padyAtmaka 'jayamAlA' upalabdha hai jisameM siddhacakra vrata ke mAhAtmya ko khyApita kiyA gayA hai aura batalAyA hai ki siddhacakra vrata kA mana meM acchI taraha cintana karane se vyakti ke jvara, kSaya, gaMDamAlA, kUSTa zUla Adi roga naSTa ho jAte haiM tathA siddhacakra kA smaraNa karane vAle vyakti ke sabhI bandhana, caurAdika kA bhaya aura vipadAeM vinaSTa ho jAtI haiM / parantu isakA smaraNa bhAvAtmaka aura nizcala honA caahiye| ghattA-iya vara jayamAlA paramarasAlA vidhuseNena vi kahiya hi / __jo padai paDhAvai niya maNibhAvaha soNaru pAvaha siddha suham / / kavi ne jayamAlA kA racanAkAla nahIM diyaa| para lagatAhai ki kavi kI yaha racanA 15vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hogii| kavi govinda inakI jAti agravAla aura gotra 'garga' thaa| inake pitA kA nAma sAha hImA aura mAtA kA nAma padmazrI thaa| yaha jinazAsana ke bhakta the| yaha saMskRta bhASA ke acche vidvAna the| inakI ekamAtra kRti 'puruSArthAnuzAsana' hai| grantha meM ullekha hai ki mAthura kAyasthoM ke vaMza meM khetala humA jo bandhuloka rUpI tArAgaNoM se candramA ke samAna prakAzamAna thaa| khetala ke ratipAla nAma kA putra hamA, ratipAla ke gadApara pora gadAdhara ke amarasiMha aura amarasiMha ke lakSmaNa nAma kA putra huA, jisakI grantha prazasti meM bar3I prazaMsA kI gaI hai / pramarasiMha muhammada bAdazAha ke dvArA adhikAriyoM meM sammilita hokara pradhAnatA ko pAkara ke bhI garva ko prApta nahIM humaa| vaha prakRtitaH

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15vI 16vIM 17vI aura 19vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi udAra thA / kAyastha jAti meM aura bhI aneka vidvAna hue haiM jinhoMne jainadharma ko apanAkara apanA kalyANa kiyA hai| maura kitane hI acche kavi hae haiM jinakI sundara evaM gaMbhIra racanAtroM se sAhitya vibhuSita hai| kitane hI lekhaka hae haiN| kavi ne yaha graMtha amarasiMha ke putra lakSmaNa ke nAmAMkita kiyA hai kyoMki baha inhIM kI satpreraNAdi ko pAkara granthakAra usake banAne meM samartha hasA hai| prazasti meM kahIM para bhI racanAkAla diyA humA nahIM hai, jisase kavi kA samaya nizcita kiyA jAtA / hAM, prazasti meM kavi ne apane se pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA smaraNa jarUra kiyA gayA hai, jinameM samantabhadra, bhaTTa akalaMka, pUjyapAda (devanandI) jinasena, raviSeNa, guNabhadra vaTTa kera, zivakoTi, kundakundAcArya, umAsvAti, somadeva, vIranandI dhanaMjaya, asaga, haricandra jayasena aura amitagati (dvitIya) 1 ina nAmoM meM haricandra aura jayasena 11vIM praura 13vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| kintu isa prazasti meM malayakIti aura kamalakIrti nAma ke vidvAna bhaTTAraka kA bhI ullekha hai, jinakA samaya vikrama kI 15vIM zatAbdI hai| prataH yaha racanA bhI 15vIM zatAbdI kI jAna par3atI hai| kavi koTIzvara inake pitA tammaNa seTTi tuludezAntargata baidUra rAjya ke senApati the| inakI mAtA kA nAma rAmaka, bar3e bhAI kA nAma someza aura choTe bhAI kA nAma durga thaa| saMgItapura ke nagara seTha 'kAmaseNahI' inakA jAmAtA thaa| zravaNa belagula ke paNDita yogI ke ziSya prabhAcandra inake guru the| saMgItapura ke nemijinendra inake iSTadeva the aura saMgItapara ke rAjA saMgama inake pAzraya dAtA the| inhI ke Adeza se kavi koTIzvara ne jIvandhara SaTpadI, nAma ke pranya kI racanA kI thii| bilagi tAlluke ke eka zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki zrutakIrti saMgama ke guru the aura inhI atikIrti saziSya parAparA meM karnATaka zabdAnazAsana' ke ka ibhaTaTAkalaMka (1604) pAMcaveM the| koTIzvara ne jIvandhara SaTa padI meM apane pUrvavartI guruoM kI stuti vijayakIrti ke ziSya zrutakIti paryanta kI hai / isase koTIzvara kA samaya I0 sana 1501 ke lagabhaga jAna par3atA hai| jIvaMdharaSaT padI ko eka hI apUrNa prati prApta huI hai, jisameM pradhyAya ke aura dazaveM adhyAya 116 padya diye hae haiN| isake maMgalAcaraNa meM kavi ne koNDakunda, samantabhadra, paMDita muni, dharmabhUSaNa, bhaTTAkalaMka, devakIti, munibhadra, vijaya kIti, lalitakIti aura zrutakIrti prAdi gurunoM kA stavana kiyA hai| aura pUrvavartI kaviyoM meM janna, nemicandra, honna, haMparasa, amgala, ranna, guNavarma auranAgavarma kA smaraNa kiyA hai| kavi kA samaya IsA kI 15vIM zatAbdI kA upAntya paura vikrama saM0 1578, solahavIM kA uttarAddhaM hai| paMDita khetA paMDita khetA ne apanA koI paricaya aMkita nahIM kiyA / paurana apanI guru paramparA kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| inakI eka mAtra kRti 'samyaktva kaumudI' hai, jo tIna hajAra zlokoM ke pramANa ko lie hue hai| isa granya kI yaha prati saM0 1666 kI mAgha yadi 5 guruvAra ke dina jahAMgIra bAdazAha ke rAjya meM zrIpatha (vayAnA) meM likhI gayo yaha prati saM0 1686 jyeSTha kRSNA 13 ko zubha dina meM zAhajahAM ke rAjya meM kASThAsaMgha mAthura gaccha puSkaragaNa povAcAryAnvaya ke bhaTTAraka guNacandra, sakalacandra, mahendrasena ke ziSya paM. bhagavatI dAsa ko zvetAmbara rUpacandra ke pAsa se prApta haI thI, jo aba nayAmaMdira dillI ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM surakSita hai| racanA sarala hai, usakI bhASA mAdi se 15vIM-16vIM zatAbdI kI kRti jAna pdd'tii| maya aprakAzita hai, prakAzana kI bATa joharahA hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa jJAna bhUSaNa nAma ke bAra vidvAnoM kA ullekha milatA hai unameM tIna jJAna bhUSaNa inake bAda ke vidvAna haiN| prastuta jJAna bhUSaNa mUlasaMgha sarasvatI gaccha balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ko paramparA meM hone vAle bha0 bhuvanakIrti ke paTTadhara the' / yaha saMskRta bhASA ke acche vidvAna aura kavi the| gujarAta ke nivAsoM the, prataeva gujarAtI bhASA para inakA adhikAra honA svAbhAvika hai| yaha sAgavAr3A gaddI ke bhaTTAraka the| yaha saM0 1531 meM bhuvanakIti ke paTTa para pratiSThita hue the / aura ve usa para 1557 taka pravasthita rahe haiN| pazcAta unhoMne svayaM vijayakIti ko apane pada para pratiSThita kara bhaTTAraka pada se nivRtti le lii| bhaTTAraka pada para rahate hue unhoMne aneka mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA kraaii| 504 gujarAta meM inhoMne sAgarAdha aura AbhIra deza meM zrAvaka kI ekAdaza pratimAnoM ko dhAraNa kiyA thaa| maura dAmvara (bAgar3a ) deza meM paMcamahAvrata dhAraNa kiye the| inhoMne bhaTTAraka pada para pAsIna hokara grAbhIra, bAgar3a taulaba tailaMga, draviNa, mahArASTra aura dakSiNa prAnta ke nagaroM aura grAmoM meM vihAra hI nahIM kiyA, kintu unheM sambodhita kiyA aura sammArga meM lagAyA thaa| draviNa deza ke vidvAnoM ne inakA stavana kiyA thA, aura saurASTra dezavAsI banI zrAvakoM ne unakA mahotsava kiyA thA unhoMne kevala ukta dezoM meM hI dharma kA pracAra nahIM kiyA thA kintu uttarapradeza meM bhI jahA~ tahA~ vihAra kara dharma mArga kI vimala dhArA bahAI yo / jahA~ yaha vidvAna aura kavi the, vahA~ UMce darje ke pratiSThAcArya bhI the / bhrApa ke dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ bhAja bhI upalabdha haiN| inhoMne bhaTTAraka pada para pratiSThita hote hI saM0 1531 meM DUMgarapura meM sahasrakUTa caityAlaya kI pratiSThA kA saMcAlana kiyaa| saM0 1534 ko pratiSThiApata mUrtiyAM kitane hI sthAnoM para milatI haiN| saM0 1535 meM udayapura meM pratiSThA kArya sampanna kiyA / saM0 1540 meM bar3a zrAvaka lAkhA aura usake parivAra ne inhI ke upadeza se prAdinAtha kI pratimA kI pratiSThA karavAI thI / RSabhadeva ke yazaH kIrti bhaNDAra kI paTTAvalI se jJAta hotA hai ki jJAna bhUSaNa pahale bha0 vimalendra ke ziSya the / aura inake sage bhAI evaM guru bhrAtA jJAnakIti the| yaha golAlArIya jAti ke zrAvaka the| saM0 1535 meM sAgavAr3A aura nogAma meM mahotsava eka hI sAtha prAyojita hone se do bhaTTAraka paramparAeM sthApita ho gii| sAgaravAr3A kI pratiSThA ke saMcAlaka the bha0 jJAnabhUSaNa aura nogAma kI pratiSThA ke saMcAlaka the jJAnakoti / jJAnabhUSaNa baDasAjanI ke - bhaTTAraka mAne jAne lage aura jJAnakIrti lohaDa sAjanoM ke bha0 kahalAne lge| bAda meM yaha bheda samApta huyA aura bha0 jJAna bhUSaNa ne bhuvana kIrti ko guru mAnanA svIkAra kiyA / ma0 jJAna bhUSaNa apane samaya ke acche pratibhA sampanna bhaTTAraka the| DA0 kastUracanda kAsalI vAla ne dvitIya jJAnabhUSaNa kI racanAoM ko prathama jJAnabhUSaNa ko racanAe~ mAna liyA hai| jo ThIka nahIM haiM / siddhAntasAra bhASya, poSaharAsa, jalagAlanarAsa Adi racanAe~ dvitIya jJAnabhUSaNa kI haiN| jo lakSmIcanda vIracanda ke ziSya the / aura sUrata kI gaddI ke saMsthApaka bha0 devendra kIrti ke paramparA ke vidvAna the| sabase pahale paM0 nAthUrAma jI premI ne siddhAntasAra bhASya ko prathama jJAna bhUSaNa kI kRti mAnA thaa| DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhyAya ne kArtikeyANuprekSA kI prastAvanA pR0 pa0 para siddhAntasAra bhASya ko inhIM jJAna bhUSaNa kI kRti likhA hai jo ThIka nahIM jAna par3atA / 1. vikhyAto vandAdi kIrti muniya: zrI mUlasaMghe'bhavat / tatpaTTe 'jani bodhabhUSaNa muniH svAtmasvarUpe rataH / jAtA prIti ratIyasya maharA kalyANakeSu prabho - stenedaM vihitaM tato jinapaterAdyasya tadvarNaNaM // 2. zubha candra gurvAvalI 3. dekho, rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta, pR0 54-55 4. dekho. siddhAntasArAdi saMgraha kI bhUmikA pR0 hai AdinAtha phAga ma0

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-- - -- 15kI, 16vIM, 15vIM aura 18vI zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi --- racanAe~ prathama jJAnabhUSaNa vI nimna racanAe~ upalabdha haiM--pUjASTaka TIkA, tatvajJAnataraMgiNI svopajJavAla sahita pAdinAtha phAga, neminirvANa paMjikA, paramArthadeza, sarasvatI vana / ina saba racanAyoM meM pUjASTaka TIkA sabase pahalI kRti jAna par3atI hai| kyoMki kavi ne use mani avasthA meM vi0 saM0 1528 meM Dugarapura ke AdinAtha caityAlaya meM banAkara samApta kI thii| yaha jJAnabhUSaNa kI svayaM racita pUjAnoM kI svopajJa TIkA hai| yaha dasa adhikAroM meM vibhAjita hai| isakI eka likhita prati sambhavanAtha mandira udayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| usameM pUjApTaka TIkA kA nAma ' vijanaballabhA batalAyA hai| satvajJAnatarrAgiNI svopajJaTIkA sahita yaha grantha 15 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta haiN| isameM zuddha cidrapakA acchA kathana diyA dmaa| gandha adhyAnma raga meM sagabora hai / grantha rocaka aura mamUkSayoM ke liye upayogI hai / isa "ntha kI rananA kadhi uma samaya kI hai jaba bhaTTAraka pada se niHzalya ho gaye the| usa samaya dhyAna aura adhyayana dohI kArya mRga raha gye| yA natha hindI artha ke sAtha prakAzita ho catrA hai| pAThakoM kI jAnakArI ke liye usake kucha padya hindI gAvA ke sAtha diye jAte haiM svakIye zaddhacindrape saciryA nizcayena tat / sadarzana mataM 'tajjJaM : kamandhana hatAsanam // 8-12 jisakI muddha cidra paH meM ruci hotI hai use tatvajJAniyoM ne nizcaya mamyAna banAyA hai badagampandana kama IMdhana ke jalAne ke liye agni ke samAna hai|| maiM zubha caitanya svarUpa aisA smaraNa karate ho zubhAzubhakarma na jAne kahA~ cale jAte haiN| catana acetana parigraha aura rAgAdi vikAra ho vilIna ho jAte haiN| yaha maiM nahIM jaantaa| ksa yAMti karmANi zubhA zubhAni kva yAMti saMgAzcidacitsvarUpaH / kva yAnti rAgAvaya evaM zuddha cidra pakohaM smaraNe na vimaH // 8-2 ima zuddha cidrapa kI prApti ke lie jJAnI jana nispaTa hokara sampUrNa parigraha kA tyAga kara ekAnta parvatA kI guphAmoM meM nivAsa karate haiN| saMga vimucya vijane vasaMta giri gahare / zuddha cida samprAptvaM jJAnino'nyatra niHspRhA // 5-3 hai prAtman ! tU usa zuddha cidra pa kA smaraNa kara, jisake smaraNa mAtra saM dazAna hI karma naSTa ho jAte hai| taM cidra paM nijAtmAnaM smara zuddha pratikSaNaM / yastha smaraNa mAtraNa sadyaH karmakSayo bhavet // 13-2 kavi ne tattvajJAna taraMgiNI kI racanA saM0 1560 (san 1503) meM banAkara samApta kI hai| pAdinAtha phAga yaha grantha 561 zlokoM kI saMkhyA ko lie hue hai, jisameM 226 padya saMskRta bhASA ke haiM pora 6H padya hindI bhASA ke haiN| ina saba ko milA kara grandha kI 561 zloka pramANa saMdhyA pAtI hai| samiva nabona SaTazahamitAna (561) zlokAnvidhyAunna / ___ zuddhaM ye sudhiyaH paThanti savahaM se pAThayantvAvarAt // " 1.ti bhaTTAraka zrI bhuvanakIti ziSya muni jJAnabhUSaNa viracitAyAM svakRtApTaka dazaka TIkAyA bijjana vAsabhA majJAyA nIvarIpajinAlayAcana barNanIya nAmA dazamo'dhikAraH / /

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506 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 unake janma, janmAbhiSeka, vAlya lIlA rAjya pada hindI padyoM meM jina para gujarAtI bhASA kA prabhAva isameM bhagavAna yAdi nAtha ko jIvana gAthA aMkita hai| aura tapasvI jIvana kA sundara evaM saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai| aMkita hai, unhIM saMskRta padyoM kA bhAva diyA huA hai| DA0 premasAgara ne hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi meM isa grantha kA racanA kAla saM0 1551 diyA hai, jo kisI bhUla kA pariNAma hai| unhoMne 561 padma saMkhyA ko phuTanoTa meM diyA hai| vaha nirmANa sUcaka padya nahIM hai, kintu padya saMkhyA kI sUcanA detA hai| yadi prati meM usakA racanA kAla unheM milA hai to usakA pramANa denA cAhie thA, para nahIM diyA, yaha racanA samaya galata hai / nemi nirmANa paMjikA isameM vAgbhaTa ke nemi nirvANa mahAkAvya ke viSama padoM kA artha spaSTa kiyA hai| kahIM kahIM yamaka Adi ke gUDha sthaloM ke udghATana karane kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai| paMjikA upayogI hai usakA maMgala padya nimna prakAra hai dhRtvA nemozvaraM cite labdhAnantacatuSTayaM / kurvehaM neminirvANa mahAkAvyasya paMjikA || zrI nAbhisUnoH yugAdidevasya prathayaMtu vistArayaMtu / samaM yugapat / vistRtAH, madhaH patitAH, maNIyitaM maNibhiriva caritaM / yaH padapadmayugmanaH / iti bhaTTAraka zrI jJAnabhUSaNa viracitAyAM mahAkAvya paMjikAyAM prathama sargaH // 1 // mi nirvANa ke sAtaveM sarga meM raivataka ( giranAra ) parvata kA bar3A sundara varNana zrAryA vindumAlA Adi 44 chandoM meM kiyA hai jisa zloka meM chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai usakA nAma bhI padya meM aMkita hai| jJAna bhUSaNa ne padyoM ke artha ko spaSTa kiyA hai: sunigaNa sevyA guruNA muktAryA jayati sA mutra / caraNamatamakhilameva sphuratitarAM lakSaNaM yasyAH // 7-2 isakI paMjikA nimna prakAra hai: 16 1 "munigaNa sedhyA munigaNo bhavantasamUhaH sevyo lakSaNayA pUjyo namaskaraNIyo vayasyAH sa tathoktAH, pakSe saptagaNa sevyA / guruNA guru dIkSA guruH zikSA gurubaratena, pakSe ekena dIrghAkSareNa / mAryA, bhAvikA, pakSe mAryA nAma chandaH / zramutra tra revatakAle pakSe prasminsarga / caraNagate he cAritrAzritam pakSe pAdAzritam / yasyAH zrAmikAyAH pakSe prAryasyAH / / " dillI dharmapurA maMdira ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM isa paMjikA kI prati upalabdha hai / paramArthopadeza - yaha grantha sUciyoM meM darja haiN| para maine use dekhA nahIM hai, isaliye usakA paricaya zakya nahIM hai / sarasvatI stavana -choTA sA stotra hai, jisameM sarasvatI kA stavana kiyA hai, yaha stotra anekAnta meM prakAzita ho cukA / Atma-sambodhana nAma kA grantha bhI batAyA jAtA hai, para usake dekhe binA usake sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / inhIM jJAnabhUSaNa ke upadeza se nAgacandrasUri ne viSApahAra aura ekIbhAva stotra kI TIkA kI hai| inakA samaya 1520 se 1560 taka hai| isake bAda inakA koI vizeSa paricaya mujhe jJAta nahI hoskaa| inakI mRtyu kahAM aura kaba huI yaha bhI jJAta nahIM ho sakA / yaha mUlasaMgha sarasvati gaccha aura balAtkAra gaNa ke bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra, padmanandI, candra ke ziSya the| bhaTTAraka jinacandra dillI paTTa ke paTTadhara the| usa samaya ke prabhAvazAlI saMskRta ke vidvAna aura pratiSThAcArya the| zrApake dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyAM bhArata ke prAyaH kavi dAmodara zubhacandra aura jina bhaTTAraka the, prAkRta sabhI mandiroM meM pAI

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15vauM, 16vIM, 17voM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi jAtI haiN| yaha saM0 1507 meM bhaTTAraka pada para pratiSTita hue the aura paTTAvalI ke anusAra usa para 62 varSa taka avasthita honA likhA hai / inake aneka ziSya the, unameM paMDita medhAvI aura kavi dAmodara Adi haiM. / kavi dAmodara kI isa samaya do kRtiyAM prApta haiM-siripAla cariu aura cndpphcriu| ina granthoM kI prazasti meM kavi ne apanA koI paricaya aMkita nahIM kiyaa| siripAla cariu isa granya meM cAra saMdhiyA haiN| jinameM siddhacakra ke mAhAtmya kA ullekha karate hue usakA phala prApta karane vAle rAjA zrIpAla aura mainAsundarI kA jIvana paricaya dizA hamA hai| siddhacakravata ke mAhAtmya se zrIpAla kA aura unake sAta sau sAthiyoM kA kuSTha roga dUra huA thA / grantha meM racanA samaya nahIM diyA, isase usakA nizcita samaya batalAnA kaThina hai| caMdApaha cariu yaha graMtha nAgaura ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai, para grantha dekhane ko abhI taka prApta nahIM ho sakA. isa kAraNa yahAM usakA paricaya nahIM diyA jA sakA 1 grantha meM AThaveM tIrthakara kI jIvana gAthA aMkita kI gaI hai| kavi kA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai 1 kavi kI anya kyA kRtiyAM hai, yaha anveSaNIya hai| nAgacandra yaha mUlasaMdha dezIyagaNa pustaka gaccha-panasoge ke jo tUlu yA taulavavadeza meM thA, bhaTTAraka lalitakIti ke agra zipya aura devacanda' munIndra ke ziSya the| karNATaka ke viprakula meM utpanna hue the| inakA gotra zrIvatsa thA, pArzvanAtha aura gumaTAmbA ke putra the| inhoM ne dhanaMjaya kavikRta vipApahArastotra kI saMskRta TIkA kI prazasti meM apane ko pravAdigaja kezarI aura nAgacandra suri prakaTa kiyA hai| viSApahArastotra TIkA bAgaDa deza ke maNDalAcArya jJAnabhUSaNa ke anurodha se banAI hai __ "bAgaDa deza maMDalAcArya jJAnabhUSaNa devamuhaharuparutaH kAdirAjasameM prasiddhaH pravAdigaja kezarI vizva kavimada vivArI saddarzana jJAnadhArI nAgacandrasUri dhanaMjayasaribhihimArtha vyaktIkatta zaknuvannapi guruvacana malaMghanIyamiti nyAyena tavabhiprAya vivarIta prsijaaniite|" (vipA0 stotra pu0 vAkya) yaha jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| inhoMne lalitakIti ke ziSya devacandra munIndra kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai : iya mahanmata kSIra pArAvAra pArvaNa zazAMkasya mUlasaMgha dezIya gaNa pustaka gaccha yanazokAvalo tilakAlaM kArasya taulavaveza pavitrIkaraNaprabala zrIlalitakIti bhaTTArakasyAgrazidhya guNa vahaNa poSaNa saphala zAsvAdhyayana pratiSThA yAtrAdhupadezAnana dharmaprabhAvanA dhurINa devacandra munIntra caraNa nakha kiraNa caMdrikA cakorAyamANena karNATa viprakalotaMsa dhIvatsagotra pavitra pArzvanAtha gumaTAnvAtanujena prayAdigajakezariNA nAmacandrasUriNA viSApahAra stotrasya kRtA vyAkhyA kalpAMsa tatva bodhAyeti bhdr|" viSApahAra stotra kI yaha TIkA upalabdha TIkAnoM meM sabase acchI hai| stotra ke pratyeka padya kA artha spaSTa kiyA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne paMca stotroM para TIkA likhI hai| kintu vaha mujhe upalabdha nahIM huii| hAM 1. bhaTTAraka lalita kIrti kAvya nyAya vyAkaraNAdi zAstroM ke acche vidvAna evaM prabhAvazAlI bhaTTAraka the| unake ziSya the kalyANa kIti, devakIti aura nAgacandra aadi| inhoMne kArakala meM bhairarasa rAjA vIrapANDya dvArA nirmApita 41 phuTa 5 iMca utuMga bAhubalI kI vizAla mUrti kI pratiSThA zaka saM0 1353 (vi0 saM0 1488) meM sthira lagna meM karAI thii| isake bAda kArakala kI isa bhaTTArakIya gaddI para jo bhI bhaTTAraka pratiSThita hotA rahA vaha lalita kIrti nAma se ullekhita kiyA jAtA hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mA 2 ekobhAvastotra' ko TIkA jarUra upalabdha huI hai, usakI kApI jayapura ke bhaMDAra kI prati para se maiMne san 44 meM kI yo jo mere pAsa hai| usakI utthAmikA meM likhA hai bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke uparodha se maiMne yaha TIkA bhavyoM ke zIna sukha boSa ke liye chAyAmAtra likhI hai| 'cAsyAti gahana gaMbhIrasya sukhAvabodhArtha bhavyAzujipTakSApArataMtrajJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTArakairupaddhA nAgacandra sari yayAkti chAyAmAtramidaM nibaMdhanamabhidhatte / ' ina TIkAnoM ke atirikta nAgacandra ko anya kisI kRti kA ullekha mere dekhane meM nahIM pAyA / inakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI hai| kyoMki nAgacandra ne bha0 jJAnabhUSaNa kA ullekha kiyA hai, aura jJAnabhUpaNa na saM0 1560 meM tattvajJAnataraMgiNI kI TIkA samApta kI hai / ataeva nAgacandra kA samaya bhI 16vIM zatAbdI sunizcita hai| abhinava samantabhadra abhinava samantabhadra muni ke upadeza se yojana-zreSThI ke banavAye hue nemIzvara caityAlaya ke sAmane kAMsI kA eka mAnastambha sthApita humA thaa| jisakA ullekha zimogA jilAntargata nagara tAlluke ke zilAlekha naM055 meM milatA hai / yaha zilAlekha tulU, koMkaNa Adi dezoM ke rAjA devarAya ke samaya kA hai, aura isa kAraNa mi. Devisa rAisa sAhaba ne inakA samaya I0 san 1560 ke karIba batalAyA hai| bhaTTAraka gugabhadra guNabhadra nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gae haiN| parantu yaha unase bhinna jAna par3ate haiN| yaha kASThAsaMgha mAthu - rAnvaya ke bhaTTAraka malaya koti ke ziSya aura bha. ezanIti ke praziSya the| aura malayakIti ke bAda unake paTa para pratiSThita hue the| yaha pratiSThAcArya bhI the, inake dvArA aneka mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA sampanna huI hai| inhoMne apane vihAra dvArA jinadharma kA upadeza dekara janatA ko dharma meM sthira kiyA hai, aura usake pracAra evaM prasAra meM sahayoga diyA hai| inake upadeza se aneka granthoM kI pratilipiyAM kI gaI haiN| inakI banAI haI nimna 15 kathAeM upalabdha hai| 1 sabaNavArasi kahA 2 pavakhavai kahA 3 zrAyAsa paMcamI kahA 4 cadAyaNabaya kahA 5 caMdaNachI kahA 6 dugdhArasa kahA, 7 Niha sattamI kahA 8 mauDasattamI kahA 6 puSphaMjali kahA 10 rayaNattaya kahA 11 dahalakkhaNavaya kahA 12 aNaMtavaya kahA 13 laddhivihANa kahA 14 solaha kAraNa kahA 15 paura suyadhadazamI khaa| bha0 guNabhadra saMbhavataH 1500 meM yA usake kucha varSa bAda bha. paTTa para pratiSThita ho gaye the| kyoMki saM0 1510 meM pratilipi kI gaI samayasAra kI prazasti gvAliyara ke DUMgarasiMha rAjya kAla meM bha. gUNabhadra ko mAmnAya meM agravAla vaMzo gagaM gotrIya sAhu jinadAsa ne likhavAI thii| isa kavi guNabhadra kA samaya vikrama kI 16vI zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai| guNabhadra ne ukta vrata kathAnoM meM vrata kA svarUpa, unake AcaraNa kI vidhi aura phala kA pratipAdana karate hue vata kI mahattA para acchA prakAza DAlA hai| yAtma-zodhana ke lie vratoM kI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| kyoMki prAtma-zuddhi ke binA hita sAdhana sambhava nahIM hai| ina kathAoM meM se zrAvaNa dvAdazI kathA aura labdhi vidhAna kathA ye do kathAeM gvAliyara nivAsI saMghapati sAhU uddharaNa ke jinamandira meM nivAsa karate hue sAha sAraMgadeva ke putra devadAsa kI preraNA se racI gaI hai| aura dazalakSaNa vratakathA, ananta vrata kathA aura puSpAMjali vatakathA ye tInoM kathAeM jaisavAlavaMzI caudharI lakSmaNa siMha ke putra paNDita bhImasena ke anurodha se banAI haiN| aura naraka utAro duddhArasa kathA bIdhU ke putra sahaNapAla ke lie banAI gii| zeSa 1 kathAeM kavi ne kisako preraNA se banAI, yaha kucha zAta nahIM ho sakA / ve dhArmika bhAvanA se prerita ho racI gaI jAna par3atI haiN| kavi kI anya kyA racanAe~ hai yaha anveSaNIya hai| brahma tha tasAgara mRlasaMgha sarasvatI gaccha aura balAtkAragaNa ke vidvAna the| inake guru kA nAma vidyAnandi thA jo bhaTTAraka 1. dekho, dAnavIra maNikacandra pR030

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15vI, 16vIM, 17voM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya bhaTTAraka aura kaSi pAnandi ke ziSya aura devendra kauti ke ziSya the| aura devendrakoti ke bAda ye sUrata ke paTTa para pAsIna hue the| vidyAnandI ke bAda usa paTTa para kramaza: mallibhUSaNa aura lakSmIcandra pratiSThita hue the| inameM mallibhapaNa guru zrutasAgara ko parama prAdaraNIya guru bhAI mAnate the aura inakI preraNA se zrunasAgara ne kitane hI granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| ye saba sUrata kI gaddI ke bhaTTAraka hai| isa gaddI kI paramparA bha. padmanandI ke bAda devendra kIti se prArambha huI jAna par3atI hai| brahmazrutasAgara bhaTTAraka pada para pratiSThita nahIM hue the, kintu ve jIvana paryanta deza vratI hI rahe jAna par3ate haiN| zrutasAgara ne granthoM ke puSpikA vAkyoM meM apane ko 'kalikAla sarvajJa, vyAkaraNa kamalamArtaNDa, tAkika ziromaNi, paramAgama pravINa, navanavati mahAvAdi vijetA Adi vizeSaNoM ke sAtha, tarka-dhyAkaraNa-chanda alaMkArasiddhAnta paura sAhityAdi zAstroM meM nipuNamatI batalAyA hai jisase unakI pratibhA aura vidvattA kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| yazastilaka candrikA kI puSpikA se jJAta hotA hai ki zrutasAgara ne 6 vAdiyoM ko vijita kiyA thaa| jahAM ye vidvAna TIkAkAra the, vahAM be kaTTara digambara aura asahiSNu bhI the| yadyapi anya vidvAnoM ne hI dusare matoM kA khaNDana eva virodha kiyA hai, para unhoMne kahIM apazabdoM kA prayoga nahIM kiyaa| kinta zratasAgara unakA khaNDana karate hue apriya apazabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, jo samucita pratIta nahIM hote| malasaMgha ke vidvAnoM, bhaTTArakoM meM vikrama kI 13vIM zatAbdI se prAcAra meM zithilatA bar3hane lagI thI. aura atasAgara ke samaya taka to usameM paryApta vRddhi ho cukI thii| isI kAraNa zrutasAgara ke TIkA granyoM meM mala paramparA ke viruddha katipaya bAteM zithilAcAra kI poSaka upalabdha hotI haiM, jaise tattvArthasUtra ke 'saMyama zruta pratisevanA' prAdi sUtra kI tatvArthavRtti (zrutasAgarI TIkA) meM dravya liMgI muni ko kambalAdi grahaNa karane kA vidhAna kiyA hai|ml sUtrakAra kA aisA mabhiprAyanoM / / samaya vicAra brahmazratasAgara ne apanI kRtiyoM meM unakA racanA kAla nahIM diyA jisase yaha nizcita karanA zakya nahI hai ki unhone granthoM kI racanA kisa kama se kI hai| para yaha nizcayataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve vidyama kI 16vIM zatAbdo ke vidvAna haiM / ve solahavIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa se lekara tRtIya caraNa ke vidvAna rahe haiN| inake garu bhaTTAraka vidyAnandI ke vi0 saM01466 se 1523 taka aise mUtilekha pAye jAte haiM jinakI pratiSThA bhavidyAnando ne svayaM kI hai athavA jinameM bha0 vidyAnandI ke upadeza se pratiSThita hone kA samullekha pAyA jAtA hai aura mallibhaSaNa garu vi0 samvata 1544 taka yA usake kucha samaya bAda taka paTTa para pAsIna rahe haiM esA surata Adi ke matilekhoM se spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki vidyAnandI ke priya ziSya brahmazrutasAgara kA bhI yahI samaya hai| kyoMki vaha vidyAnandI ke pradhAna ziSya the| dUsarA AdhAra unakA vrata kathA koSa hai, jise maiMne dehalo paMcAyatI mandira ke zAstrabhaNDAra meM dekhA thA, aura usakI prAdi anta prazastiyAM bho noTa kI thii| unameM 20voM 'palyavidhAna kathA' kI prazasti meM IDara ke rAThaura rAjAbhAnu prathavA rAvabhANa jI kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai aura likhA hai ki-'bhAnubhUpati kI bhujA rUpI talavAra ke jala pravAha meM zatru kula kA vistRta prabhAva nimagna ho jAtA thA, aura unakA matrI hubaha kulabhUSaNa bhojarAja thA, usakI patnI kA nAma vinayadevI thA, jo pratIva pativratA sAdhvI aura jinadeva ke caraNa kamalo kI upAsikA thii| usase cAra putra utpanna hue the, unameM prathama putra kamasiMha, jisakA zarIra bhUri ratnaguNoM se vibhUSita thA aura dUsarA putra kulabhUSaNa thA, jo zatru kula ke lie kAla svarUpa thA, tIsarA 1. dekhI, gujarAtomandira sUrata ke mUtilekha, dAnavIra mANikacandra pR. 51,54 2. mallibhUSaNa ke dvArA pratiSThita papAvatI kI saM. 1444 ko eka mUti, jo sUrata ke yo mandira jI meM virAjamAna hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 pUtra puNya zAlI zrI ghoSara, jo saghana pAparUpI girIndra ke lie vaja ke samAna thA aura cauthA gaMgA jala ke samAna nirmala mana vAlA gngg| ina cAra putroM ke bAda inakI eka bahina bhI utpanna huI thI, jisakA nAma putalI thA jo aisI jAna par3atI thI ki jinavara ke mukha se nikalI huI sarasvatI ho, athavA dRr3ha samyaktva vAlI revatI ho, zIla batI sItA ho aura guNaratnarAzi rAjula ho| zrutasAgara ne svayaM bhojarAja kI isa putrI putalI ke sAtha saMgha sahita gajapanya aura tuGgIgiri Adi kI yAtrA kI thii| aura vahAM usane nitya pUjana kI, tapa kiyA aura saMgha ko dAna diyA thaa| jaisA ki ukta prazasti ke nimna padyoM se spaSTa hai: "zrI bhAnubhUpati bhujAsijalapravAha nirmagnazakulajAtatataprabhAvaH / sadbudvaya huMha kule bRhatIla durge zrI bhojarAja iti maMtrivaro babhUva / / 44 bhAryAsya sA vinayavevyabhiSAsughopasodgAravAka kamalakAntamukhI sakhIya / lakSmyAH prabhojinavarasya padAnjabhUgI sAdhyo pativrataguNAmaNiyanmahAyA / / 45 sAsUta bharigaNaratnavibhUSitAMga zrI karmasihamiti putramanakaratnaM / kAlaM ca zatraphalakAlamananapuNyaM zrI ghoSaraM ghanatarAdhagirIndra bn||46 gaMgAjalaprabilocyamanoniketaM yaM ca vayaMtaramaMgajamatra gaMgaM / mAtA purassadanu puttalikA svaseSAM vaktreSu sajjinavarasya sarasvatIva // 47 sampanadAtAryA hilA kisa devatotra yIne zIlasalilokSitabharibhamiH / rAjImatIva subhagA guNarasnarAziH velA sarasvati ivAMcati puttaloha // 4 // pAtrAM cakAra gajapaMtha girau sasaMghA hotasapo vivadhatI sbddh'vtaasaa| sacchAntikaM gaNasamarcanamahaMdIza nisyArcana sakalasaMgha sapatta dAnam // 46 tugIgiroca balabhadramuneH pavAjagI tathaiva sakRtaM yatibhizcakAra / zrI mallibhUSaNagurupravaropavezAcchAstraM dhyadhAya yavidaM katinAM hRdiSTa // 50 -palya vidhAna kayA prazasti ina prazasti padyoM meM ullikhita bhAnubhUpati IDara ke rAThaura vaMzI rAjA the| yaha rAva ke jojI prathama ke patra maura rAvanArAyaNa dAsa jo ke bhAI the aura unake bAda rAjya pada para AsIna hue the / inake samaya vi0 saM01502 meM gujarAta ke bAdazAha muhammada zAha dvitIya ne IDara para car3hAI kI thI, taba unhoMne pahAr3oM meM bhAgakara apanI rakSA kI, bAda meM unhoMne sulaha kara lI thii| phArasI tabArIkhoM meM inakA vIrarAya nAma se ullekha kiyA gayA hai| inake do putra the sUrajamalla aura bhImasiMha / rAvabhANa jI ne sa0 1502 se 1522 taka rAjya kiyA hai / inake bAda rAva sUrajamalla jI saM0 1552 meM rAjyAsIna hae the / ukta palla vidhAna kathA kI racanA rAvabhANa jI ke rAjyakAla meM huI hai| isase bhI zrutasAgara kA samaya vikrama ko solahavIM zatAbdI kA dvitIya caraNa nizcita hotA hai| zrutasAgara kA svargavAsa kaba aura kahA~ hamA, usakA koI nizcita AdhAra aba taka nahIM milA, isI se unake uttara samaya kI sImA nirdhArita karanA kaThina hai, phira bhI saM0. 1582 se pUrva taka usako sImA jarUra hai aura jisakA mAdhAra nimna prakAra hai :--. zrutasAgara ne paM. AzAdhara jI ke mahAbhiSeka pATha para eka TIkA likhI hai. jisako saM0 1570 kI likhI huI TIkA kI prati bha0 sonAgira ke bhaMDAra meM maujUda hai| isase yaha TIkA saM0 1570 se pUrva banI hai yaha TokA abhipaMka pATha saMgraha meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| usakI lipi prazasti saM0 1552 kI hai| jisase bha0 lakSmIcandra ke ziSya brahmajJAnasAgara ke paThanArtha AryA vimaladhI kI celI aura bha0 lakSmIcandra dvArA dIkSita vinayazrI ne svayaM likhakara 1. dekho, bhArata ke prAcIna rAjavaMza bhA03 pR0 426 / 2. saM0 1585 kI likhI huI zrutasAgara ko SaT pAhuDa TIkA kI eka prati Amera ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai| usakI lipiprazasti merI noTabuka meM uddhRta hai|

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511 15vIM 16, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya bhaTTAraka aura kavi pradAna kI thii| inake sivAya, brahmanemidatta ne apane ArAdhanA kathA koza, zrIpAla carita, sudarzana carita, rAtribhojana tyAga kathA ra neminAtha purANa Adi granthoM meM zrutasAgara kA zrAdarapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA haiN| ina granthoM meM ArAdhanA kathA koza saM0 1575 ke lagabhaga kI racanA hai, aura zrIpAla carita saM0 1585 meM racA gayA hai| zeSa racanAe isI samaya ke madhya kI yA AsapAsa ke samaya kI jAna par3atI hai / racanAe~ brahma zrutasAgara kI nimna racanAeM upalabdha haiM - 1. yazastilaka candrikA 2 tattvArtha vRtti 3. tattva traya prakAzikA, 4. jina sahasra nAma TIkA 5 mahAbhiSeka TIkA 6. SaT pAhuDarIkA 7 siddhabhakti TIkA 8 siddha cakrASTaka TIkA, 6 vrata kathA koza- jyeSTha jinavara kathA, ravivratakathA, sapta parama sthAna kathA, mukuTa saptamI kathA, akSayanidhi kathA, SoDaza kAraNa kathA, meghamAlAvrata kathA, candana SaSThI kathA, labdhividhAna kathA, purandara vidhAna kathA dazalAkSaNI vrata kathA, puSpAMjali vrata kathA, AkAza paMcamI kathA, muktAvali vrata kathA, nirdukha saptamo kathA, sugaMdhadazamI kathA, zrAvaNa dvAdazI kathA, ratnatraya vrata kathA, ananta vrata kathA, azoka rohiNI kathA, tapo lakSaNa paMkti kathA meru paMkti kathA, vimAna paMkti kathA aura palla vidhAna kathA / ina saba kathAnoM ke saMgraha kA nAma vrata kathA koSa hai / yadyapi ina kathAoM meM bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM ke anurodha evaM upadezAdi dvArA race jAne kA spaSTa ullekha nihita hai / 10 zrIpAla carita 11- yazodhara carita 12. audArya cintAmaNi (prAkRta svopajJavRtti yukta vyAkaraNa ) 13. zruta skandha pUjA 14. zrIpArzvanAtha stotram 15. zAntinAtha stutiH / pArzvanAtha stotra 15 padyAtmaka hai, jo anekAnta varSa 12 kiraNa 8 0 236 para prakAzita huA hai| yaha jIrA pallipura meM pratiSThita pArzvanAtha jina kA stavana hai / isa stavana meM pArzvanAtha jina kA pUrA jIvana aMkita hai| isameM pArzvanAtha ke pitA kA nAma vizvasena batalAyA hai, jo kAzI (vArANasI) ke rAjA the / vamiSTo vizvasenaH zatamakha rucitaH kAzi vArANasIzaH / prAptebhyo me ge marakata maNi pArzvanAtho jinendraH / tasyAbhUstvaM tanUjaH zata zaratra citasthApurAnaM vahetujaatni bhAvyamAno bhayacakita dhiyAM dharmadhuryo parizyAM // "e zAntinAtha stutiH meM nau padya haiN| yaha stavana bhI anekAnta varSa 12 kiraNa pU0 251 meM mudrita huA hai| brahma zrutasAgara kI kaI racanAe~ abhI aprakAzita haiM jinake prakAzana kI vyavasthA honI cAhie / brahma nemidasa / yaha mUlasaMgha sarasvatI gaccha balAtkAra gaNa ke vidvAna mallibhUSaNa ke ziSya the| inake dIkSA guru bha0 vidyAnandi the, jo sUrata gaddI ke saMsthApaka bha0 devendrakIti ke ziSya the| inhIM vidyAnandi ke paTTa para pratiSThita hone vAle bhUSaNa guru the, jo samyagdarzana jJAna caritrarUpa ratnatraya se suzobhita the aura vidyAninda rUpa paTTa ko praphullita karane vAle bhAskara the / mallibhUSaNa ke dUsare ziSya bha0 siMhanandiguru the, jo mAlavA kI gaddI ke bhaTTAraka the| inakI prArthanA ( mAlavAdeza bhaTTAraka zrI siMhanandi prArthanA) se zrutasAgara ne yazastilaka campU kI 'candrikA' nAma kI TIkA likhI thI aura brahmanebhidatta ne neminAtha purANa bhI mallibhUSaNa ke upadeza se banAyA thA aura vaha unhIM ke nAmAMkita kiyA gayA thA / | brahma nemidatta ke sAtha mUrti lekha meM brahma mahendradatta nAma kA saura ullekha milatA hai| jo nemidatta ke sahapAThI ho sakate haiM / brahmanemidatta saMskRta hindI aura gujarAtI bhASA ke vidvAna the| pApakI saMskRta bhASA ko 10 1. jIrA paltipura prakRSTa mahiyan maukunda sevAniye ! - pArzvanAtha stavana

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512 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 canAe~ upalabdha haiM / ve saba grantha carita purANa aura kathA sambandhI haiN| pUjA sambandhI sAhitya bhI ApakA ravA huA hogA | aMtarIkSa pArzvanAtha pUjA ApakI likhI huI pAI jAtI hai| ApakA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI kA tRtIya caturtha caraNa hai| kyoMki inhoMne ArAdhanA kathAkoza saM0 1575 baura zrIpAla carita saM0 1585 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| inakA janmakAla saM0 1550 yA 1555 ke grAsapAsa kA jAna par3atA hai| racanAe~ (1) ArAdhanA kathA koza (2) rAtribhojana tyAga kathA (3) sudarzana carita (4) zrIpAla carita ( 5 ) dharmoM dezI varSe zrAvakAcAra (6) neminAtha purANa (7) prItikara mahAmuni carita (8) dhanya kumAra carita (1) neminirmANa kAvya ( IDara bhaMDAra) (10) bhara antarIkSa pArzvanAtha puujaa| inake atirikta hindI bhASA kI bhI do racanAeM upalabdha haiM | mAlArohiNI (phulla mAla) aura Aditya vratarAsa ina donoM racanAoM kA paricaya anekAnta varSa 18 ki do para dekhanA kahie / nemidatta ke ArAdhanA kathA koza ke pratirikta anya racanAe~ abhI prakAzita haiN| racanAe~ sAmane nahIM hai / zrataH unakA paricaya denA zakya nahIM hai| neminAtha purANa kA hindI anuvAda sUrata se prakAzita huA | para mUla rUpa chapA huA mere avalokana meM nahIM AyA / ma0 zrabhinava dharmabhUSaNa dharmabhUSaNa nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gaye haiN| prastuta dharmabhUSaNa unase bhinna hai| kyoMki inhoMne apane ko 'abhinava' 'yati' aura 'AcArya vizeSaNoM ke sAtha ullekhita kiyA hai| yaha mUlasaMgha meM nandisaMghastha balAtkAragaNa sarasvati gaccha ke vidvAna bhaTTAraka varddhamAna ke ziSya the| vijaya nagara ke dvitIya zilAlekha meM unakI guruparamparA kA ullekha nimna prakAra pAyA jAtA hai- padmanandI, dharmabhUSaNa, amarakIrti, dharmabhUSaNa, varddhamAna, aura ghamaMbhUSaNaH / yaha acche vidvAna vyAkhyAtA aura pratibhAzAlI the / inakA vyaktitva mahAn thaa| vijayanagara kA rAjA devarAya prathama, jo rAjAdhirAja paramezvara kI upAdhi se vibhUSita thA, inake caraNa kamaloM kI pUjA kiyA karatA thaa| rAjAdhirAja paramezvara devarAya, bhUpAla maulilasadhi sarojayugmaH | zrIvarddhamAna muni vallabha maukSya mukhya; zrIdharmabhUSaNa sukhI jayati kSamAdayaH // dazabhaktyAdi mahAzAstra isa rAjA devarAya prathama kI mahArAnI bhImA devI jainadharma kI parama bhakta tho| isane zravaNa belagola ko maMgAyI vasadi meM zAntinAtha kI mUrti pratiSThita karAI thI aura dAna diyA thaa| isakA rAjya san 1416 I0 taka rahA hai| vijaya nagara ke dvitIya zilAlekha meM jo zaka saM0 1307 (san 1385) kA utkIrNa kiyA huA hai| isase ina dharmabhUSaNa kA samaya IsA kI 14vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura 15vIM zatAbdo kA pUrvAdhaM sunizcita hai| isameM mandeha nahIM ki abhinava dharmabhUSaNa apane samaya ke prasiddha vidvAna the| padmAvatI devoM ke zAsana lekha meM inheM bar3A vidvAna aura vaktA prakaTa kiyA hai / yaha muniyoM aura rAjAoM se pUjita the / 1. ziSyastasya gurorAsI dudhabhUSaNa dezakaH / " bhaTTAraka muniH zrImAn zalya vivrjitH| vijaya nagara dvi0 zilAlekha "madaguro mAnizo vartamAna dayAnidheH / -nyAya dIpikA prazasti zrI gada sneha sambandhAt siddheyaM nyAya dIpikA // 2. vijayanagara kA dvitIya zilAlekha, jaina si0 bhAskara bhA0 1 kiraNa 4 pR0 86 3. prazasti saMgraha, jaina siddhAntabhavana dvArA pR0 125 | 4. miDiyAvala jainijma pR0 269 /

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15vI, 16vI, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya bhaTTAraka aura kavi nyAya dIpikA prApakI ekamAtra kRti 'nyAyadIpikA' hai, jo atyanta saMkSipta vizada aura mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / yaha jaina nyAya ke prathama abhyAsiyoM ke liye bahuta upayogI hai / isakI bhASA sugama aura sarala hai| jisase yaha jaldI hI vidyArthiyoM ke kaNTha kA bhUSaNa banajAtI hai| zvetAmbarItha vidvAna upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ne isake aneka sthaloM ko mAnupUrvI ke sAtha apanA liyA hai| isameM saMkSepa meM pramANa aura naya kA spaSTa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isameM tIna prakAza yA adhyAya haiM-pramAlakSaNa prakAza, pratyakSa prakAza aura parokSaprakAza / inameM se prathama prakAza meM uddezAdi nirdeza ke sAtha pramANasAmAnya kA lakSaNa, saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya kA lakSaNa, indriyAdiko pramANa na ho sakane kA varNana, svataH parata: pramANa kA nirUpaNa, bauddha bhATTa aura prabhAkara tathA naiyAyikoM ke pramANa lakSaNAdi kI AlocanA aura mAmA ke samyagazAlavAmAmA kA nirdoSa lakSaNa sthira kiyA hai| dUsare prakAza meM pratyakSa kA svarUpa, lakSaNa, bheda-prabhedAdi kA varNana karate hue pratIndriya pratyakSa kA samarthana kara sarvajJasiddhi prAdi kA kathana kiyA hai| tIsare parokSaprakAza meM parokSa kA lakSaNa, usake bheda-prabheda sAdhya-sAdhanAdikA lakSaNa, hetu ke rUpa maura paMcarUpa kA nirAkaraNa, anumAna bhedoM kA kathana, hetvAbhAsoM kA varNana tathA anta meM prAgama aura naya kA kathana karate hae anekAnta tathA saptabhaMgI kA saMkSepa meM pratipAdana kiyA hai| grantha meM grantha kartA ne racanA kAla nahIM diyaa| phira bhI vijayanagara ke dvitIya zilAlekha ke anusAra inakA samaya IsA kI 14vIM-15vIM zatAbdI hai| ma0 vidyAnandI mUlasaMgha bhAratIgaccha aura balAtkAra gaNa ke kundakundAnvaya meM hue the| inhoMne apanI paTTa paramparA kA ullekha nimna prakAra kiyA hai-prabhAcandra, padmanandI, devendrakIti aura vidyAnandi / zrImUlasaGgha vara bhAratIye gacche blaatkaargnne'tirmye|| zrIphundakundAsya munIndra paTTe jAtaH prabhAcandra mahAmunIndraH // 47 paTTe tadIye munipapanandI bhaTTArako bhavyasarojabhAnuH / Ato jagattrayahito guNaratna sindhuH kuryAt satAM sAra sukhaM yatIzaH / 48 tatpaTTapadmAkarabhAskaro'tra devendrkotirmunickrvrtii| tatpAda poja subhaktiyukto vidyAdinandI caritaM cakAra // 49 -sudarzana carita prazasti inake guru bhaTTAraka devendrakIti the, jo sUrata kI gaddI ke paTaTapara the| bhaTTAraka papanandI kA samaya saM01385 se 1450 taka pAyA jAtA hai| sambhavataH sarata kI paTTa-zAkhA kA prArambha inhIM debendrakIti ne kiyA hai| inhIM ke paTTa ziSya vidyAnandI the| sUrata ke saM0 1466 ke dhAtu pratimA lekha se jo caubIsI mUrti ke pAdapITha para aMkita hai, usakI pratiSThA vidyAnandI guru ke Adeza se huI thii| saM0 1469 se 1521 taka kI mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM se spaSTa hai ki ve vidyAnandI guru ke upadeza se pratiSThita huI haiN| vidyAnandI ke gRhastha jIvana kA koI paricaya mere avalokana meM nahIM paayaa| saM0 1513 ke mUrtilekha se 1.saM0 1469 varSe zAstra sudI 10 budhe zrI bhUlasaMdhe balAtkAragaNe sarasvatI gaccha muni devendrakIti tasthivya zrI vidhara nandI devA upadezAt zrI havahavaMza zAha khetA bhAryA rUDI eteSAM madhye rAjA bhagnI rAnI zreyA paturvizattikA kaaraapitaa| (sUrata, dA0 mA0pa055

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514 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 spaSTa hai ki ve bha0 devendra kIrti ke dvArA dIkSita the| inhoMne aneka mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA kI aura krvaaii| inakA kArya saM0 1496 se 1538 taka pAyA jAtA hai| paTTAvalI ke anusAra inhoMne sammedazikhara, campA, pAvA, Urjayantagiri (giranAra ) Adi siddha kSetroM kI yAtrA kI thii| ye aneka rAjAyoM se -vajrAMga, gaMgajaya siMha, vyAghranarendra Adi se sammAnita the| inheM DA0 hIrAlAla jI ne bhraSTa zAkhA prAgvATa vaMza, paravAravaMza kA batalAyA hai / inake dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyA~ hamaDavaMzI zrAvakoM kI adhika pAI jAtI hai| I bha0 vidyAnandI ke aneka ziSya the- brahma zrutasAgara, mallibhUSaNa, brahma ajita, brahma chADa, brahma dharmapAla zrAdi / zrutasAgara ne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI, unhoMne apane guru kA AdarapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| mallibhUSaNa inake paTTadhara ziSya the / brahmaajita ne bharDIca meM hanumAna carita kI racanA kii| brahma chADa ne saM0 1561 meM bhaDaca meM dhanakumAra carita kI prati likhI / aura brahma dharmapAla ne saM0 1505 meM eka mUrti sthApita kI thI / inakI do kRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai-sudarzana carita auaura sukumAla carita / sudarzana carita - yaha saMskRta bhASA meM likhA gayA eka carita grantha hai jo 12 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai, aura jisakI zloka saMkhyA 1362 hai / prastuta grantha meM sudarzana muni ke carita ke mAdhyama se NamokAra maMtra kA mAhAtmya pradarzita kiyA gayA hai| suni sudarzana tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke pAMcaveM antakRt kevalI mAne gaye haiN| inakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA hai ki inhoMne ghora tapasyA karate hue nAnA upasargoM ko saha kara usI bhava meM kevalajJAna prApta kara svAtma labdhi ko prApta kiyA hai| grantha meM sudarzana muni ke pAMca bhavoM kA varNana sarala saMskRta padyoM meM kiyA gayA hai| NamokAra mantra ke prabhAva se gopana seDa sudarzana ke rUpa meM janma liyA, khUba vaibhava milA, kintu usakA udAsIna bhAva se upabhoga kiyaa| ghora yAtanAeM sahanI par3I, para unakA mana bhoga vilAsa meM na ramA, aura na parISaha upasargoM se bhI raMcamAtra vicalita hue| zrAtma saMyama ke uccAdarza rUpa meM vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA prApta kara anta meM zivamaNI ko varaNa kiyaa| seTha sudarzana kI yaha pAvana jIvana-gAthA prAkRta saMskRta aura apabhraMza ke granthoM meM aMkita kI gaI hai| dUsarI racanA sukumAla caritra ko mumukSu vidyAnandI kI kRti batalAyA hai, dekho, ToDArAyasiMha bhaNDAra sUcI, jaina sandeza zoghAMka 10 pR0 356 / grantha sAmane na hone se isake sambandha meM kucha likhanA sambhava nahIM hai| inakA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai / bhaTTAraka zrutakIrti zrutIti nanda saMgha balAtkAragaNa sarasvatI gaccha ke vidvAna the / yaha bhaTTAraka devendrakIti ke praziSya aura tribhuvana kIrti ke ziSya the / granthakartA ne bha0 devendrakIti ko mRdubhASI aura apane guru tribhuvanakIrti ko zramRta vANI rUpa sadguNoM ke dhAraka batalAyA hai| zrutakIrti ne apanI laghutA vyakta karate hue apane ko alpa buddhi lAyA hai / kavi kI ukta sabhI racanAeM vi0 saM0 1552 aura 1553 meM racI gaI haiM aura ve saba racanAeM mAMDavagar3ha (vartamAna mAMDU) ke sulatAna gayAsuddIna ke rAjya meM damovA deza ke jerahaTa nagara ke neminAtha mandira meM 'racI gaI hai| itihAsa se prakaTa hai ki san 1406 meM mAlavA ke sUbedAra dilAvara khAM ko usake putra alapha khAM ne viSa dekara mAra DAlA thA, aura mAlavA ko svatantra udghoSita kara svayaM rAjA bana baiThA thA / usakI upAdhi huzaMgasAha 1. saM0 1513 varSa vaizAkhasudI 10 budhe zrI mUlasaMbe balAtkAra garI sarasvatI gacche bha0 zrIprabhAcandradevAH tatpaTTe bha nandI satuziSya zrI devendrakIrti dIkSikArya zrI vidyAnandI gurUpadezAt gAMdhAra vAstavya hubaDa jJAtIya samasta zrI saMghena kArApita meruzikharA kalyANa nUyAt / (sUrata dA0 mA0 pu0 43 ) 2. jaMna si0 bhA0 10 pR0 51 3. bhaTTAraka sampradAya pU0 16 :

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15 va 162 aura bhaTTAraka aura kavi XIX thI / isane mAMDavagar3ha ko khUba majabUta banAkara use hI apanI rAjadhAnI banAI thii| usI ke vaMza meM gayAsuddIna, huA, jisane mAMDavagar3ha se mAlavA kA rAjya saM0 1526 se 1557 arthAt san 1466 se 1500 I0 taka kiyA hai'| isake putra kA nAma nasIrazAha thA, aura isake mantrI kA nAma puMjarAja thA jo vaNika aura vaiSNava dharmAnuyAyI thA, saMskRta bhASA kA acchA vidvAna kavi aura rAjanIti meM catura thaa| jaina dharma tathA jaina vidvAnoM se prema rakhatA thA / bhaTTAraka zrutakIti kI tIna kRtiyAM pUrNa aura cothI kRti apUrNarUpa meM upalabdha hai| harivaMzapurANa parameSThI prakAzasAra aura jogasAra / cauthI kRti kA nAma 'dharma parIkSA hai, jo DA0 hIrAlAla jI ema0 e0 DI0 liT ko prApta huI hai / harivaMzapurANa isameM 47 sandhiyAM hai jinameM 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA jIvana-paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| prasaMga vaza usameM zrIkRSNa Adi yaduvaMziyoM kA saMkSipta jIvana caritra bhI diyA huA hai / isa grantha kI do pratiyA~ upalabdha huI haiN| eka prati jaina siddhAnta bhavana bhArA meM haiM, aura dUsarI Amera ke bhaTTAraka mahendra kIrti ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai, jo samvat 1607 kI likhI huI hai aura jisakA racanA kAla sambat 1552 haiN'| jo jerahaTa neminAtha mandira meM gayAsuddIna ke rAjya kAla meM racA gayA hai| ArA kI prati saM0 1553 kI likhI huI hai aura jisameM grantha ke pUrA hone kA nirdeza hai, jo maNDapAcala (mAMDU ) durga ke zAsaka gayAsuddIna ke rAjya kAla meM damovA deza ke jerahaTa nagara ke mahAkhAna aura bhojakhAna ke samaya likhI gaI hai' / ye mahAkhAna bhojakhAna jerahaTa nagara ke sUbedAra jAna par3ate haiN| vartamAna meM jerahaTa nAma kA eka nagara damoha ke antargata hai / damoha pahale jilA raha cukA hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki damoha usa samaya mAlava rAja meM zAgila ho / kavi ne isa grantha kI prazasti meM apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha nimna prakAra kiyA hai-nandisaMgha balAtkAragaNa, bAgezvarI (sarasvatI) gaccha meM, prabhAcandra, padmatandI zubhacandra, jinacandra, vidyAnandi, pacanandi (dvitIya), devendra kIti (dvitIya), tribhuvana kIrti, zrutakIrti parameSThI prakAzasAra isa grantha kI ekamAtra prati Amera jJAnabhaNDAra meM upalabdha huI hai jisake zrAdi ke do patra aura anta kA eka patra nahIM hai, patra saMkhyA 288 hai / grantha meM sAta pariccheda yA adhyAya haiM jinakI zloka saMkhyA tIna hajAra ke pramANa ko lie hue hai / grantha kA pramukha viSaya dharmopadeza hai, isameM sRSTi aura jIvAdi tatvoM kA sundara vivecana / kavi ne isa grantha ko bhI ukta mAMDavagar3ha ke jerahaTa nagara ke prasiddha nemIkaDavaka aura ghatA zailI meM kiyA gayA zvara jinAlaya meM banAyA hai| usa samaya vahAM gayAsuddIna kA rAjya thA aura usakA putra nasIrazAha rAjya kArya meM manu 1. See Combridge Shorter History of india P.309 2. saMvatu vikkama seNa kharesaha sahasu paMcasaya bAvasesaI / maMDavagaDa vara mAlavadesaha sAhi gayAsu payAva asesa' / khayara jerahaTa jihira jaMgaDa, misAha jirapabitra babhaMga / - jaina grantha praza0 mA0 250 ] 3. saM0 1553 varSe tadAra vadi dvajasudi ( dvItIya ) gurI dine aha maNDapAcalagar3ha durge sulatAna gayAsuddIna rAjye pravartamAne zrI damanAdevo mahAkhAna bhojakhAna pravartamAne jerahaTa sthAne sonI zrI Isura pravartamAne zrI mUlasaMgha balAtkAra gaNe sarasvatI gacche zrI kundakundAcAryAnvaye bhaTTAraka zrI padmanandi devatasya ziSya maNDalAcArya devidakItideva tacchiSya maNDalAcArya zrI tribhuvanakIrti devAn tasya ziSya zrutakIrti harivaMza purANe (se) paripUrNa kRtam -ArA prati *}" 9

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAMga 2 5.16 rAma rakhatA thA / puMjarAja nAma kA eka vaNika usakA mantrI thaa| Izvara dAsa nAma ke sajjana usa samaya prasiddha the / jinake pAsa videzoM se vastrAbhUSaNa Ate the, jayasiha, saMghavI zaMkara aura saMghapati nemidAsa ukta artha ke jJAyaka the / anya sAdharmI bhAiyoM ne bhI isakI anumodanA kI thI aura harivaMzapurANAdi granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ karAI thI / prastuta grantha vikrama saM0 1553 ke zrAvaNa mahIne kI paMcamI guruvAra ke dina samApta huA thA / jogasAra prastuta grantha do saMdhiyoM yA paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai jinameM gRhasthopayogI AAcAra sambandhI saMddhAntika bAtoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAtha meM kucha muni caryA Adi ke sambandha meM bhI likhA gayA hai / grantha ke antima bhAga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda ke kucha AcAryoM kI guru paramparA ke ullekha ke sAtha kucha granthakAroM kI racanAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai, aura usase yaha spaSTa jAna par3atA hai ki bhaTTAraka ta kIti itihAsa se prAyaH anabhijJa the aura use jAnane kA unheM koI sAdhana bhI upalabdha na thA, jitanA ki bhAja upalabdha hai / digambara zvetAmbara saMghabheda ke sAtha ApulIya ( yApanIya) saMgha milla aura niHpicchaka saMgha kA nAmollela kiyA gayA hai / aura ujjainI meM bhadrabAhu se samrATa candragupta kI dIkSA lene kA bhI ullekha hai / granthakAra saMkIrNa manovRtti ko lie thA, vaha jainadharma kI usa udAra pariNati se bhI anabhijJa thA, isIse unhoMne likhA hai ki- 'jo AcArya zUdraputra aura nokara vagairaha ko vrata detA hai vaha nigoda meM jAtA hai aura ananta kAla taka duHkha bhogatA hai' / prastuta grantha saM0 1552 meM mArgazira mahIne ke zukla pakSa meM rakhA gayA hai| isakI antima prazasti meM 'dharma parIkSA' grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai, jirAse vaha isase pUrva racI gaI haiM / kavi kI cauthI kRti 'dhamma pariSakhA' dharmaparIkSA hai| jisakI eka apUrNa prati DA0 hIrAlAla jI ema0 e0 DI0 liTko prApta huI thii| usameM 176 kaDabaka hai, use samvat 1552 meM banA kara samApta kiyA thaa| jisa kA paricaya unhoMne 'anekAnta' varSa 12 kiraNa do meM diyA thaa| ina cAroM graMthoM ke atirikta kavi kI anya bhI kRtiyAM hogI, jinakA anveSaNa karanA zrAvazyaka hai / kavi mANikya rAja yaha jaisavAla kularUpI kamaloM ko praphullita karane ke liye taraNi (sUrya) the / inake pitA kA nAma 'budhasUrA' thA aura mAtA kA nAma 'dIvA' thA / kavi ne amarasena carita meM apanI guru paramparA nimna prakAra dI hai-kSemakIti, makIrti kumArasena, hemacandra aura padmanandI / ye saba bhaTTAraka mUlasaMgha ke anuyAyI the| kavi ke guru padmanandI the, jo bar3e tapasvI zIla ko khAni nirgrantha, dayAlu aura amRtavANI the| amarasena carita kI antima prazasti meM kavi ne padmanandI ke eka ziSya kA aura ullekha kiyA hai, jinakA nAma devanandI thA aura jo zrAvaka kI ekAdaza pratimAoM ke saMpAlaka, rAga dveSa ke vinAzaka, zubhapyAna meM anurakta aura upazamabhAvI thaa| kavi ne apane guru kA abhinandana kiyA hai| kavi kI do racanAeM upalabdha haiM / kavi ne rohatAsapura ke jinamaMdira meM nivAsa karate hue granthoM kI racanA kI hai aura donoM grantha hI apUrNa hai / unameM prathama bhramarasena carita kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1573 caitrazukla paMcamI 1. aha jo sUri dei uNisvahaM nIca sUda-suya dAsabhiccahaM / jayajiyoga asuhaaNu hunjaI, abhiya kAlatahaM ghora druha bhujadda | 2. vikkama rAya banagai kAlaI, paNNaraha sayate bAvaNa ahiI / rayaja gaMdhu taM jAu sa uNNaja, paMca dAsasa jAyaja 3. siri jayasavAla-kula-kamala-tarrAraNa, ikSvAku vaMsa mahili variTha, buhasarA gaMdaNu sukha paridR / paNa dIvA uraravaNNu, bahumANikuraNA meM duhAhi maNNu / " - yogasAra patra 65 -- joga-sAra prazasti - nAgakumAra carita pra0

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15auN, 16vI, 17vI aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kAya zanivAra hai| aura dUsare grantha nAgakumAra paritra kA racanAkAla saM. 1579 hai ataH kavi vikrama ko 16voM zatAbdI ke tRtIya caraNa ke vidvAna haiN| amarasena caritra isa grantha meM sAta sandhiyo yA pariccheda haiM, jinameM pramarasena kI jIvana gAthA dI haI hai| rAjA amarasena dharmaniSTha aura saMyamI thaa| isane prajA kA putravata pAlana kiyA thaa| vaha deha-bhogoM se udAsa ho prAsma-sAdhanA ke liye udyata humA / usane rAjya aura vastrAbhUSaNa kA parityAga kara digambara dIkSA le lI aura zarIra se bhI nissaha ho atyanta bhISaNa tapazcaraNa kiyaa| prAtmazodhana kI dRSTi se aneka yAtanAoM ko sAmyabhAva se sahA / unakI kaThora sAdhanA kA smaraNa mAte hI roMgaTe khar3e ho jAte haiN| yaha 16vIM zatAbdI kA apabhraza bhASA kA .acchA khaNDakAvya hai| mAmerazAstra bhaMDAra kI isa pratikA prathama patra truTita hai| prati saM0 1577 kArtika vadI caturthI ravivAra ko sunapata meM likhI gaI hai| yaha grantha rohatAsapura ke agravAla vanzI siMghala gotro sAhu mahaNa ke putra caudharI devarAja ke anurodha se racA gayA hai aura unhIM ke nAmAMkita kiyA gayA hai| prazasti meM inake vaMza kA vistRta paricaya diyA huA hai| nAgakumAra caritra dasarI racanA nAgakamAra carita hai| jisameM cAra sandhiyAM haiM jisakI zloka saMkhyA 3300 ke lagabhaga hai| jinameM nAgakumAra kA pAvana carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai| carita vahI hai jise puSpadaMtAdi kaviyoM ne likhA hai| usa meM koI khAsa vaiziSTaya nahIM pAyA jaataa| grantha kI bhASA sarala aura hindI ke vikAsa ko liye hue hai| isa khaNDakAvya ke bhI prArambha ke do patra nahIM haiN| jisase prati khaNDita ho gaI hai| usase pAdya prazasti kA bhI kucha bhAga bRTita ho gayA hai| kavi ne yaha grantha sAhU jamamI ke putra sAhU ToDaramala kI preraNA se banAyA hai| sAhU ToDaramala kA vaMza ikSvAku thA aura kula jAyasavAla / ToDaramala dharmAtmA yA vaha dAnapUjAdi dhArmika kAryoM meM salagna rahatA thA / aura prakRtita: dayAlu thaa| kavi ne anya usI ke anurodha se banAyA hai, aura usI ke nAmAMkana kiyA hai| prantha kI kucha sandhiyoM meM katipaya saMskRta ke padya bhI pAye jAte haiM, jinameM sAha ToDaramala kA khalA yazogAna kiyA gayA hai| use karNa ke samAna dAnI, vidvajjanoM kA sampoSaka, rUpa lAvaNya se yukta aura vivekI batalAyA hai| kadi ne cauthI saMdhi ke prArambha meM sAhU ToDaramala kA jayaghoSa karate hue likhA hai ki vaha rAjya sabhA meM mAnya 1. vikAma rApahu vavagama kAlaI / lesu muNIsa visara akAlaI! dharaNi bakasaha caita vimAse, sariNavAre suya paMcamI divse| -amarasena pa0 praza. 2. yAdaya yA jAyasa vaMza kA itihAsa prAcIna hai| parantu usake sambandha meM koI anveSaNa nahIM huaa| jaisA se jaisavAloM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai kintu grantha prazastiyoM meM yAdava, jAyasa Adi nAma milate haiM, ata: inheM yaduvaMziyoM kI santAna batAyA jAtA hai| usI yadu yA yAdava kA apabhraza jAdava yA jAyasa jAna par3atA hai| yadu eka kSatriya rAjavaMza hai, usakA vizAla rAjya rahA hai| zaurIpura se lekara mathurA aura usake Asa-pAsa ke pradeza usake dvArA zAsita rahe haiN| yAdava vaMzI jarAsaMgha ke bhaya se paurIpura ko chor3akara dvArAvatI (dvArikA) meM basa gaye the| zrIkRSNa kA janma yadukula meM huA yA, aura jainiyoM ke 222 tIrthakara neminAtha kA janma bhI usI kUla meM humA thA, ve kRSNa ke pare bhAI the| jAyasa vaMza meM aneka pratiSThita vyakti hue haiN| aneka granyakartA, vidvAna, dheSThI rAjamAnya tathA rAjamantrI bho rahe haiN| unake . dvArA jina mandiroM kA nirmANa aura pratiSThAdi kArya bhI sampanna hue haiN| prastuta ToDaramala aura kavi maNika rAma usI vaMza ke vaMzaja haiN| 3. "jaisavAla kula saMpannaH dAna-pUya-parAyaNaH / jagasI nandanaH zrImAn ToDaramala ciraM jiyaH // "

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E thA, prakhaNDa pratApI, svajanoM kA vikAsI ghora putrAM se alaMkRta thA / yathA nRpati sabasi mAnyo yo hyakhaNDa pratApaH svajana janavikAsI saptatattva vibhAsI / vimala guNaniketa mrAt putro sametaH, sa jayati zivakAmaH sAdhu ToDahatti nAmA // kavi ne isa grantha ko pUrA kara jaba sAhU ToDaramala ke hAtha meM diyA taba usane use apane zira para rakhakara afa mANikya rAja kA khUba Adara satkAra kiyaa| usane kavi ko sundara vastroM ke atirikta kaNa kuNDala aura mudrikA yAdi AbhUSaNoM se bhI alaMkRta kiyA thaa| usa samaya guNI janoM kA Adara hotA thA / kintu bAja guNI janoM kA nirAdara karane vAle to bahuta haiM kintu guNa grAhaka bahuta hI kama haiM; kyoMki svArtha tatparatA aura grahaMkAra ne usakA sthAna le liyA hai| apane svArtha tathA kArya kI pUrti na hone para unake prati zrAdara kI bhAvanA utpanna ho jAtI hai / 'guNa na hirAno kintu guNa grAhaka hirAnoM' kI nIti ke anusAra kheda haiM ki Aja ToDaramala jaise guNa grAhaka dharmAtmA zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA virala hai - ve thor3e haiM / kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1576 phAlguna zuklA 6vIM ke. dina pUrNa kI haiN| jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 kavi tejapAla yaha mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti bhuvanakIrti, dharmakIrti aura vizAlakIrti kI AmnAya kA vidvAna thA / vAsavapura nAmaka gAMva meM vastAvayaha vaMza meM jAlhaDa nAma ke eka sAhu the| unake putra kA nAma sUjausAhu thaa| jo dayAvaMta aura jinadharma meM anurakta rahatA thaa| usake cAra putra the- raNamala, ballAla, Isaru aura polhaNu / ye cAroM bhAI khaNDelavAla kula ke bhUSaNa the / prastuta raNamala sAhu ke putra tAlhUya sAhu hue| unakA putra kavi tejapAla thA / tIna nAvAce gae haiM, jo abhI aprakAzita haiN| kavi kA samaya vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai / kavi kI tIna racanAoM ke nAma saMbhavaNAha cariu, varAMga cariu, aura pAsaNAha cariu 1 1 saMbhavaNAha cariu isa grantha meM chaha saMdhiyAM aura 170 kar3avaka haiM, jinameM jainiyoM ke tIsare tIrthaMkara saMbhavanAtha kA jIvana paricaya diyA gayA hai| racanA saMkSipta aura bAhyADaMbara se rahita hai| isa khaNDa kAvya meM tIrthakara carita ko sIdhe sAde zabdoM meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai / prastuta graMtha kI racanA meM preraka agravAla vaMzI sAhu thIrahA haiM jinakA gotra mittala thA, aura jo zrIprabhanagara ke nivAsI the| zrIlhA sAhu lakhamadeva ke caturtha putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma mahAdevI thA aura dharmapatnI kA nAma kolhAhI thA, dUsarI bhAryA kA nAma mAsAhI thaa| jisase tribhuvanapAla aura raNamala nAma ke do putra hue the / sAhu yIlhA ke pAMca bhAI aura the, jinake nAma khiusI, hollU divasI mallidAsa, aura kunyadAsa haiM / ye sabhI bhAI dharmaniSTha, nItimAna tathA jainadharma ke upAsaka the / lakhamadeva ke pitAmaha sAhu holU ne jinavimba pratiSThA karAI thI, unhIM ke vaMzaja bIlhA ke anurodha se kavi tejapAla ne saMbhavanAtha cariu kI racanA bhAdAnaka deza ke zrIprabhanagara meM dAuda zAha ke rAjya kAla meM kI thI / grantha racanA kA samaya saMbhavataH 1500 ke grAsa-pAsa kA honA cAhiye / 2 varAMga carija dUsarI racanA 'varAMgacariu' hai, jisameM cAra saMdhiyAM hai| unameM rAjA varAMga kA jIvana paricaya zraMkita kiyA gayA hai / rAjA darAMga yaduvaMzI tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke zAsana kAla meM hue haiN| rAjA varAMga kA carita bar3A sundara rahA 1. "cikka marAya vayagaya kAleM, le samuraNIsa visarabhakAle / paNa rahasai guSNAsi jaravAle, phAguNa caMdiNa parikha sasivAleM / mI sukhasuhavAle, siri pirathI candu pasAyeM suMdareM // " - nAgakumAra carita pra0

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J 15, 16, 17vI aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, maTTAraka zrIra kavi 516 hai / racanA sAdhAraNa aura saMkSipta hai, aura bhASA hindI ke vikAsa ko liye hue hai / kavi tejapAla ne isa grantha ko vi0 saM0 1507 vaizAkha zuklA saptamI ke dina samApta kiyA hai / aura use vipulakIrti muni ke prasAda se banAyA thaa| 3 pAsaNAha cariu tIsarI racanA pArzvanAtha carita hai| yaha bhI eka khaNDa kAvya hai, jo paddhaDiyA chanda meM racA gayA hai| zrIra jise kavi yaduvaMzI sAhu ghUghala kI anumati se banAyA thaa| yaha muni padmanandi ke ziSya zivanaMdi bhaTTAraka kI AmnAya ke the| jinadharma rata, zrAvakadharma pratipAlaka, dayAvaMta aura caturvidhasaMgha ke saMghoSaka the| muni padmanandi ne zivanaMdI ko digambara dIkSA dI thii| dIkSA se pUrva inakA nAma surajanasAhu thA jo laMbakaMcuka kula ke the| jo saMsAra se virakta aura niraMtara bhAvanAoM kA citavana karate the / unhoMne dIkSA lene ke bAda kaThora tapazcaraNa kiyA, mAsopabAsa kiye, tathA niraMtara dharmadhyAna meM saMlagna rahate the| bAda meM unakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| prazasti meM surajana sAhu ke parivAra kA bhI paricaya diyA hai| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA carita vahI hai, jo anya kaviyoM ne likhA hai, usameM koI vaiziSTya dekhane meM nahIM milatA / kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1515 kArtika kRSNA paMcamI ke dina samApta kI thI / " paNaraha saya paNaraha mahiyaehi paMcamiya kiNh kasiya ho mAsi / kavi ne saMdhi vAkya bhI padya meM diye haiM esiya jisaMcchara gaehi / vAre samasau saraya bhAsi // " siri pArasa carita rahayaM vuha tejapAla sAnaMda | praNu maNiyaM suhRddaM ghUSali sivadAsa puseNa // 1 devAnarayaNa viTThI vammAe bIesola so diTTho / sohaNa paDhamo saMdhi imo jAo // 12 somakIti kASThAsaMgha ke nandItaTa gaccha ke rAmasenAnvayI bhaTTAraka lakSmIsena ke praziSya mora bhImasena ke ziSya the / kavi somakIrti kI saMskRta bhASA kI tIna racanAeM upalabdha haiM-sapta vyasana kathA-samuccaya, pradyumna caritra maura yazodhara caritra | sapta vyasana kathA samujaya - meM do hajAra sar3asaTha zlokoM meM dhUtAdi sapta vyasanoM kA svarUpa maura unameM prasiddha hone vAloM kI kathA dete hue unake sevana se hone vAlI hAni kA ullekha kiyA hai, aura unake tyAga ko zreSTha batalAyA hai / kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1526 meM mAgha mahIne ke zukla pakSa kI pratipadA somavAra ke dina pUrNa kI hai / pradyumnacaritra --- dUsarI racanA hai| jisameM 4850 zlokoM meM zrIkRSNa ke putra pradyumna kA jIvana paricaya kita kiyA hai| isa grantha meM solaha adhikAra haiN| antima adhikAra meM pradyumna zaMvara aura manuruddha Adi ke nirvANa 1. sama pamAya saMvaddha khINai, puNu sattagala saba bolINai / vasAha ho ki vittamidiNi, kisa paripuSNau jo suha mahara - bhuNi // 2. rasanayanasamete bANa yuktena candre (1526) gativati sati nUnaM vikramasyaiva kAse / -barAMga cariu pra0 pratipadi ghavalAyAM mAgha mAsasya some / harima dina manoze nirmito grantha eSaH // 71 // (sapta dhvasana kayA samuccaya pra0)

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520 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 prApta karane kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kI racanA kavi ne saMvat 1531 pauSa zuklA trayodazI budhavAra ke dina bhImasena ke prasAda se banA kara samApta kI thii| yazodharacarita - yaha kavi kI tIsarI racanA hai, isameM rAjA yazodhara aura cadramatI kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai | isameM 1018 zloka haiM / isa grantha kI racanA kavi ne saMvat 1536 meM medapATha (mevAr3a) ke goMDhilya nagara ke zItala nAtha mandira meM pauSa kRSNA paMcamI ke dina banAkara samApta kI hai| inake atirikta kavi kI hindI rAjasthAnI bhASA kI kaI racanAeM haiN| unameM yazodhara rAsa 1536 meM banAyA / RSabhanAtha kI dhUla, trepana kriyA gIta Adi racanAeM bhI inakI banAI huI kahI jAtI haiN| somakIti kavi 16vIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya caraNa ke vidvAna hai / prajita brahma 1 mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka devendra kIrti ke ziSya the| yaha golazrRMgAra (gola siMghADe) vaMza meM utpanna hue the / inake pitA kA nAma bIrasiMha aura mAtA kA nAma bIghA thaa| yaha bhaTTAraka devendra koti ke dIkSita ziSya the zraura brahmati ke nAma se loka meM prasiddha the| inhoMne vidhAnandi ke Adeza se 'hanumAna' carita kI racanA do hajAra zlokoM meM kI thI / hanumAna pavanaMjaya kA putra thA, bar3A balavAna tathA vIra parAkramI thaa| isakI mAtA kA nAma aMjanA thA, jo rAjA mahendra kI putrI thI / kavi ne grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyA, kintu grantha ke racanA sthala kA ullekha kiyA hai / aura hanumAna ke carita ko pApa kA nAzaka batalAyA hai| kavi ne isa carita kI racanA bhRgukaccha ( bhaDoca ) ke neminAtha jinamandira meM kI hai / kavi ne grantha meM kundakunda, jinasena, samantabhadra, prakalaMka, nemicandra, aura padyanandi Adi pUrvavartI bhAcAryoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai| isa graMtha kI saM0 1566 kI likhI huI eka prAcIna prati lAlA vilAsarAya paMsArI TolA iTAvA ke maMdira ke zAstrabhaMDAra meM maujUda hai| isase isa graMtha kI racanA usase pUrva hI huI hai / kalyANAlocanA - nAma kI eka racanA upalabdha hai, jisameM 54 padyoM meM AtmakalyANa kI AlocanA kI gaI hai / grantha meM Atmasambodhana rUpa se apanI bhUloM prathavA aparAdhoM kI vicAraNA karate hue apane se jo duSkRta bane haiN| jina-jina jIvAdikoM kI jisa tisa prakAra se virAdhanA huI hai, usake liye 'micchAme dukkaDaM hujja' vAkyoM dvArA kheda vyakta kiyA gayA hai| svabhAvasiddha jJAna darzanAdi rUpa eka AtmA ko eka paramAtmA kA hI zaraNa hai, anya koI zaraNa nahIM hai / 'aNNo Na majjha saraNaM saraNaM so ekka paramappA' zabdoM dvArA usakI ghoSaNA kI hai| yaha racanA bhI ajita brahma kI hai| saMbhavataH yaha racanA inhIM majita brahma kI hai| ina ajita brahma kA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM dazatAbdI hai / 1. jainendra zAsana sudhArasa pAnapuSTo devendrakotti yatinAyaka naiSThikAramA | tacchiSma saMyama dhareNa caritrametat sRSTaM samIraNasutasya mahaddhikasya // 61 // 2. golA zrRMgAravaMze namasi dinamariNa vIrasiMhoM vipazcit / bhAryA doghA pratItA tanurUha vidito brahmadIkSAzvito'bhUd / tenI reSa granthaH kRti iti sutarAM zailarAjasya sUreH / zrI vidyAnanda devAt sukRta vidhivazAtsarvasiddhi prasiddha // 96 1. saMvatsare sattithi saMjJake ve varSe tra trizaMka yute (1531) pavitre | vinirmitaM poSasudevaca (?) tasyA trayodazIyA budhavAra yuktA // 166 4. varSe zisaMkhye tithi paragaNanA yukta saMvatsare (1536) paMcamyAM pauSa kRSNa dinakara divase bhItarasthe hi candraM / goMDilyAM medapATe jinavarabhavane zItasya ramye / somAdi kIrtinedaM nRpavara paritaM nirmitaM zuddhabhavatyA / / 62 / - hanumAna carita prazasti - hanumAna carita prazasti -- jaina graMtha prazasti saM0 bhAga 1 pR0 61 -- jaina grantha pra0 saM0 bhA0 150 106

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15vIM, 16voM, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 521 kavi ThakurasI prastuta kavi cATasU (vartamAna campAvatI) nagarI ke nivAsI the| inakI jAti khaMDelavAla aura gotra 'ajamerA' thA / ThakurasI ke pitA kA nAma 'ghelha' thA jo kavi the| inakI kabitA mere avalokana meM nahIM pAI, kintu kavi ne paMcendriya veli' ke pratima pada ke 'kavi-ghelha sUtan guNa gAU~' vAkya meM unheM svayaM kavi ne sUcita kiyA hai / kavi ke putra kA nAma nemidAsa thA, jisane meghamAlA vrata kA bhAvanA kI thii| kavi kI racanAmoM kA kAla saM. 1578 se 1585 hai / meghamAlA baya kathA apabhraMza bhASA meM racI gaI hai, kintu Topa racanAeM hindI bhASA ke vikAsa ko liye hue haiM / kRpaNa caritra, paMcendriya bela, nemi rAjamatI vela aura jina cuviisii| meghamAlA brata kathA-isameM 115 kaDavaka hai jo lagabhaga 15 zloMkoM ke pramANa ko liye hue haiN| isa meghamAlAyata ke anuSThAna kI vidhi aura usake phala kA varNana kiyA hai| isa vrata kA anuSThAna bhAdrapada nAma kI pratipadA se kiyA jAtA hai| vrata ke dina upavAsa pUrvaka jinapUjana abhiSeka, svAdhyAya aura sAmAyika prAdi dhArmika pranaSThAna karate hue samaya vyatIta karanA cAhie / isa vrata ko pAMca pratipadA, aura pAMca varSa taka sampanna karanA cAhie / pazcAna usakA udyApana kare / yadi udyApana ko zakti na ho to dugane samaya taka vrata karanA caahie| isa vrata kA anaSThAna cATas (sampAvatI) nagarI ke zrAvaka-yAvikAyoM ne sampanna kiyA thaa| uma mamaya rAjA rAmacandra kA rAjya thaa| vahAM pAzvanAtha kA sundara jinAlaya thA aura tatkAlIna bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra bho (jinakI dIkSA naM 1551 meM huI thI) maujada the| jo gaNadhara ke mamAna bhavyajanA ko dharmAmana kA pAna karA rahe the / vahA~ khaNDelavAla jAti ke aneka dhAvaka rahate the| unameM 40 mAlhA pUtra kavi malidAma ne kavi ThakurasI ko meghamAlA vrata kI kathA ke kahane ko preraNA kI thii| vahA~ ke zrAvaka sadA dharma kA anuSThAna karate the| hAtha sAha nAma ke eka mahAjana aura bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke upadeza se kavi ne 'meghamAlA' vrata ko karanA cAhie, isakA saMkSipta varNana kiyA / vahA~ topaka, mAlhA aura mallidAsa grAdi vidvAna bhI rahate the| zrAvakajanoM meM pramukha jIgA, tAlhU, pArasa, namidAsa, nAthasi, bhullaNa aura vaDalI Adi ne isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA thaa| kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA saM0 1580 prathama zrAvaNa zuklA chaTa ke dina pUrNa kiyA thaa| kavi ne saM01578 meM 'pArasa zravaNa sattAisI' nAma kI eka kavitA likhI thI, jo eka aitihAsika ghaTanA ko prakaTa karatI hai| aura kavi ke jIvana kAla meM ghaTI zrI. usakA kadi ne aA~khoM dekhA varNana kiyA hai / kavi kI sabhI racanAe" lokapriya aura sarala hai| brahma jIbaMdhara yaha mAthura saMgha vidyAgaNa ke prakhyAta bhaTTAraka yazakIti ke ziSya the| grApa saMskRta aura hindI bhASA ke bhayogya vidvAna the| prApakI saMskRta bhASA kI do kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiN| yadyapi ve laghukAya haiM kintu mahattvapUrNa haiN| unameM pahalI kRti 'caviMzati tIrthakara stavana jayamAla haiN| isakA paralokana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki jIbaMdhara saMskata bhASA meM sUndara kavitA kara sakate the| pAThaka pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra stavana-viSayaka nimna do padya pddh'eN| jo bhAvapUrNa aura sarasa evaM sarala haiM : "vidhurita vighnaM pArzvajinezaM durita timirabhara hanana dinezam / prajJAna ma tIvrakaThAraM vAMchita sukhadaM kakSaNAdhAraM // 'jIvaMdhara' nuta-caraNa saroja vikasita nirmala kolipayojama / kalyANIvapakavalokanda, bance vIraM paramAnandham // dUsarI saMskRta racanA 'zrutajayamAlA' hai, jisameM prAcArAGga prAdi dvAdaza aMgoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| 1. dekho anekAnta varSa 15 kiraNa 4 meM prakAzita 'catuvizati tIrtha kr-jymaalaa|' san 1962 /

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522 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 racanA sundara aura saMskRta padyoM meM nibaddha hai| inake atirikta kavi kI dasa racanAeM hindI bhASA kI upalabdha haiM, jinakA paricaya 'rAjasthAna jaina sAhitya pariSad' kI san 1967-68 kI smArikA pRSTha para lekhaka ne diyA hai| jo 'rAjasthAna ke saMta brahma jIbaMdhara' nAma se mudrita huA hai / kavi kI una racanAoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-guNaThANAveli, khaTolA rAsa, jhubaka gota, manohara, rAsa yA nemicarita rAsa, satIgIta, bIsa tIrthakara jayamAlA. bIsa caubIsI stuti, jJAna viragA vinati muktAvalI rAsa aura pAlocanA prAdi / racanAe~ sundara aura sarala haiN| brahma jIvaMdhara vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke vidvAna haiN| inhoMne saM0 1560 meM baisAkha vadI 13 somavAra ke dina bhaTTAraka vinayacandra kI svopajJa cunar3I TIkA kI pratilipi apane jJAnAbaraNIya karma ke kSayArtha kI thii| isase inakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI kA uttarAkhaM sunizcita hai| ___paM0 nemicanda (pratiSThA tilaka ke kartA) yaha devendra aura prAdi devI ke dvitIya putra the| inake do bhAI aura bhI the jinakA nAma pAdinAtha aura vijayama thaa| inhoMne abhayacandra upAdhyAya ke pAsa tarka vyAkaraNAdi kA jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| nemicandra ke do putra the-kalyANanAtha aura dharmazekhara / donoM hI vidvAna the| nemicandra ne satyazAsana mukhya prakaraNAdi grantha race / pratiSThA tilaka ko inhoMne apane mAmA brahmasUri ke Adeza se banAyA thaa| kavi ne usa meM apane kuTumba kI daza pIr3hiyoM taka kA paricaya diyA hai, kintu usameM racanAkAla nahIM diyaa| para pratiSThA tilaka kA adhyayana karane se jJAta hotA hai ki inahI yaha sapanA paMApake rahata pAda racI gaI hai| saMbhavataH yaha racanA 15vIM zatAbdI kI hai| graMtha sAmane na hone se usa para vizeSa vicAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kavi dharmadhara paM0 dharmadhara ikSvAku vaMza ke golArADAnvayI sAhu mahAdeva ke praputra mora paM. yazapAla ke putra the| yazapAla kovida the| unakI patnI kA nAma 'hIrA devI' thA / usase bhavya logoM ke ballabha ratnatraya ke samAna tIna putra the, unameM do jyeSTha aura laghu putra dharmadhara the| vidyAdhara, devaghara aura dharmadhara / inameM vidyAdhara aura devaghara dhAvakAcAra ke pAlaka aura paropakAraka the aura dharmaghara dharma karma karane vAlA thA ! dharmadhara kI patnI kA nAma 'nandikA'pA jo zIlAdi sadguNoM se alaMkRta thI / usase do putra aura tIna putrI utpanna huI thii| putroM kA nAma pArAzara paura manasukha thaa'| isa taraha kavi kA parivAra sampanna thaa| kavi ne mUla saMgha sarasvatI gaccha ke bhaTTAraka papranandI, zubhacandra paura bhaTTAraka jinacandra kA ullekha kiyA hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki kavi mUla saMgha kI AmnAya kA thaa| usane pacanandI yogI se vidyA prApta kI thI aura vaha unheM guru rUpa se mAnatA thaa| kavi kA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdha hai kyoMki kavi ne nAgakumAra 1. koSivaH yazapAlasya samabhUttanu-jagatrayaM / vallabhaM bhavyalokAnAM ratnatrayamivAparaM // 2 // vaiyAkaraNapArINa viSaNo viSaNopamaH / horAkukSi samutpannaH Ayo vidyA parAdhipaH / / 3 / / devAnnarato nilpa tato devadharo'bhavat / zrAvakAcAra zukhAtmA paropakRti tatparaH / / 4 / / amI dharmaghara pazcAt tRtIyo dharmakarmakRt / pabhanandi gurorlandhyA vidyAparam yoginaH // 5 // -zrIpAla parita prazasti, bhaTTAraka bhaNDAra, ajamera /

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. 15vIM, 16vI, 1vIM aura 18vauM zAdI ke prAcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 523 caritra kI racanA saM0 1511 meM kI hai| usameM apanI pahalI racanA 'zrIpAla carita' kI racanA kA ullekha kiyA hai| batAdharmaghara 16vIM zatAbdo ke pUrvAdhaM ke vidvAna sunizcita haiN| kavi ko do racanAeM upalabdha hai-zrIpAla carita aura nAgakumAra carita / zrIpAla carita-meM kavi ne pUrvavartI purANoM kA avalokana karake siddha cakra ke mAhAtmya kA kayana kiyA hai| so mAhAtmya se zrIpAla aura usake sAta sau sAthiyoM kA phaSTa roga dUra ho gayA thaa| unakI patnI mainA sandaro meM siddhacakra vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA thaa| isa grantha kI racanA kavi ne golArADAnvayI zrAvaka khemala kI preraNAsekI dhii| prazasti meM khemala ke parivAra kA paricaya diyA hai| khemala jina caraNoM kA bhakta, dAnI, rUpa-zIla sampanna maura paropakArI thaa| zrI sarvajJapavAravivayugale bhaktivikAsAmvRdhiH vAnacatuSTaye bha niratA lakSmIsudhAyugma c| rUpaM zIlagataM paropakArakaraNe vyApAraniSThaM vapuH sAdho khemalasaMzako matamavaM kAle kalau dRzyate // 26 // grantha cAra sargAtmaka hai / granyakartA kavi mora racanA preraka dhAvaka khemala sambhavataH eka hI sthAna candavAra ke pAsa 'datta pallI' nAma ke nagara ke nivAsI the| nArAkamAra carita-isameM kavi ne pUrvastrAnusArataH' pUrvasUtrAnusAra kAmadeva nAgakamAra kA carita kiyA gakamAra ne apane jIvana meM jo-jo kArya kiye, pratAdi kA anuSThAna kara puNya saMcaya kiyA aura pariNAmataH dizAdhikA lAbha tathA bhogopabhoga kI jo mahatI sAmagrI milI usakA upabhoga karate hae nAgakamArane unale manA-padha meM vicaraNa kiyA hai / usakA jIvana bar3A hI pAvana rahA hai| use kSaNa sthAyI bhogoM kI cakA. prAmakti utpanna karane meM samartha rahI hai| vaha prAtma-jayI vIra thA, jo apanI sAdhanA meM apane hI prayatna dvArA karmabandhana kI anAdi paratantratA se sadA ke liye unmukti prApta kI hai| nA meM preraka-isa grantha ko kavi ne yaduvaMzI laMbakaMcuka (lamecU) gotrI sAha naha kI preraNA se banAyA jalapATa yA candravADa nagara ke samIpa dattapallI nAmaka nagara ke nivAsI the| usa samaya usa nagara meM ka cAtaravarNa ke loga nivAsa karate the| nalha sAha ke pitA kA nAma dhanezvara yA bAhANa, kSatrI, vaizya aura zUdra nAmaka cAturakSaNaM ke loga nivAsa karate the| nala sAha ke ti jinadAsa ke cAra putra the-zivapAla, li, jayapAla aura dhanapAla / dhanapAla kI patnI kA nAma lakSaNazrI pAziyAM dhanapAla cauhAnavaMzI rAjA mAdhavacandra kA maMtrI thaa'|dhnpaal ke do putra the- jyeSTha malla udayasiMha / dAnA ho jinabhAktika aura rAjA mAdhavacandra dvArA pratiSThita the| kasora yazomatI / sAha nalha rAjyamAnya the| unake cAra putratha tejapAla, vinayapAla,candanasiMha aura naramitA nalhU sAhU kA praraNA sa' sAha kI preraNA se kavi dharmadhara ne kavi puSpadanta ke nAgakumAra caritra ko dekha kara isakI racanA kI hai| kabi ne isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1511 meM zrAvaNazuklA pUNimA somavAra ke dina kI hai| dhyatIte vikramAditye haja vata-zazinAmani / dhAvaNe zuklapakSe tra pUNimA candravAsare // 53 mabhUtsamAptignanyasya jayaMbharasutasya hi| nUnaM nAgakumArasya kAmarUpasya bhUpateH // 54 paMharicandra mUlasaMgha balAtkAragaNa sarasvatI gaccha ke bhaTTAraka payanandi, zubhacandra, jinacandra, siMhakIti, muni khemacandra, hai / sAhU nalhU candrapATa yA candravADa nagara ke samI 1. tasya mantripave zrImadyabuvadhA samudbhavaH / laMbakaMcuka sadgotre dhanezo jinadAsajaH / / 12 -nAgakumAracarita prazasti, jayapura terApaMthI maMdira prati /

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KRY jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - mAMga 2 vijayoti jinakA zarIra tapa se kSINa ho gayA thA, AmnAya ke vidvAna the| inhoMne gvAliyara ke tomara vaMzI rAjA kIrtisiMha ke rAjyakAla meM saM0 1525 meM bhAdrapada zuklA 5vIM guruvAra ke dina lambakaMcuka vaMza ke sAhu jinadAsa ke putra haripAla ke lie apabhraMza bhASA meM dasalakSaNavrata kI kathA kI racanA zrAdinAtha ke caityAlaya meM kI hai' / "jina grAiNAha cei harayaM viraiya dahalavaNa kaha suvayaM guNamnalayaM, paMdahasaGgha cajavIsa malayaM // vimalaM, guruvAra visArayaNu khalu pramalaM // " uvaesaya kahiyaM bhAdava sudi paMcami - pragravAla mandira udayapura, jaina grantha sUcI bhA0 5, pR0 445 isase paM0 haricanda kA samaya vi0 kI 16vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai / yaha mUla ke paMDita medhAvI bhaTTArakIya vidvAna the| inakA vaMza agravAla thA / yaha sAhU lavadeva ke praputra mIra uddharaNa sAhu ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma 'bhISahI' thA / yaha Apta Agama ke vicAraza aura jinacaraNa kamaloM ke bhramara the| inhone apane ko paMDita kaMjara likhA hai / yaha vikrama kI solahavIM zatAbdI ke acche vidvAna aura kavi the / inhoMne aneka granthoM kI pustakadAtrI prazastiyA~ bhI likhI haiM jinameM lipi karAne vAle dAtAra ke kuTumba kA vistRta paricaya karAyA gayA hai| jo aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / inase spaSTa hai ki vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI meM zrAvakoM dvArA hastalikhita granthoM ko likhAkara pradAna karane kI paramparA jaina samAja meM pracalita thI / zAstra dAna kI yaha paramparA jahA~ zrutabhakti para usake saMrakSaNa ko bala pradAna karatI hai, vahA~ dAtAra bhI apanI vizuddha bhAvanAvaza apUrva puNya kA saMcaya karatA hai| isase granthoM ke saMkalana aura zrutarakSA ko prAya milA hai| ina dAtR prazastinoM ke kAraNa medhAvI usa samaya prasiddha vidvAna mAne jAte the| medhAvI dvArA likhita dAtR prazastiyA~ saM0 1516, 1516, 1521, 1533 aura 1546 kI likhI huI, mUlAcAra, tilIya paNatI, tasvArthabhASya (siddhasena gaNi) jaMbUdvIpa paNNattI, madhyAtma taraMgiNI aura nItivAkyAmRta ko merI noTa buka meM darja haiN| saM0 1514 meM jyeSTha sudI 3 guruvAra ke dina hisAra meM bahalola lodI ke rAjya meM agravAlavaMzI baMsala gotrI sAhu chAjU ne hemacandra ke prAkRta hema zabdAnuzAsana kI prati likhAkara pradAna kI thI, jo ajamera ke harSa ko ti bhaMDAra ke bar3e mandira meM maujUda hai / meghAvI ne saM0 1541 meM eka zrAvakAcAra kI racanA kI thI, jise dharma saMgraha zrAvakAcAra ke nAma se ulle khita kiyA jAtA hai / inakA samaya 1500 se 1550 taka kA rahA hai| yaha vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna haiN| kavi mahindu yA mahAcandra mahAcandra illarAja ke putra the / nAmollekha ke atirikta kavi ne apanA koI paricaya nahIM diyaa| prazasti 1. jiNa odAha veda harayaM viraiya daha lakkhA kaha suSayaM / jaba esaya kahiyaM guNaggalayaM, paMdahasada bauvIsa malayaM // bhAdava sudi paMcamI avimalaM, guruvAra visArayaNu khalu amalaM / taff yuggaDa dAi tomarahaM vaMsa kittima samayaM // vara laMbakaM saha tilakaM nigAdAsa suSamyahaM purA philayaM / bhajA visutIlA guNasahiyaM daNa haripAru buddhirihiyaM // 2. praprota vaMzajaH sAdhurlava devAbhidhAnakaH / tasvaguddharaNaH saMjJA tatpatnI mohopsubhiH ||32 tayoH putro'sti medhAvI nAmA paMDitakuMjaraH / prApyAgama vicArajJo jinapAdAbja SaTpadaH // 33, - dazalakSaNa kathA prazasti / 'tatvArtha bhASya dAtR prA0

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15vauM, 16voM, 17vI aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, maTTAraka aura kavi meM kASThA saMgha mAthura gaccha kI bhaTTArakIya paramparA kA ullekha karate hue likhA hai ki kASThAsaMgha mAthura gaccha puSkara gaNa meM bhaTTAraka yazaH kIti yora unake ziSya guNabhadra sUrI the / isase yaha spaSTa hai ki kavi inhI kA grAmnAya kA thA / para inameM kisakA ziSya thA yaha spaSTa nahIM likhaa| kavi ko ekamAtra kRti 'zAntinAtha carita' hai, jisameM 13 sandhiyAM yA pariccheda aura 210 kavaka hai. jinakI AnumAnika zloka saMkhyA pAMca hajAra hai| grantha kI prathama saMdhi ke 12 kaDabakoM meM magadha deza ke zAsaka rAjA zreNika aura rAnI celanA kA varNana, zraNika kA mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM jAnA aura mahAvIra kA vaMdana kara gautama se dharma kathA kA sunnaa| dUsaro saMdhi ke 21 kaDavakoM meM vijayA parvata kA varNana, prakalaka kIti ko mukti sAdhanA, gaura vijayAka ke upasarga nivAraNa karane kA kathana hai| tIsarI sandhi ke 23 kaDabakoM meM bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI pUrva bhavAvalI kA kathana hai| cauthI sandhi ke 26 kaDavakoM meM zAntinAtha ke bhavAntara, balabhadra janma kA par3A hI sundara barNana kiyA hai / 5vIM madhi ke 16 kaTavakA meM bajAyudha cakravartI kA savistara kathana hai| aura chaThI saMdhi ke 26 kaDavakoM meM megharatha kI solaha kAraNa bhAvanAmA kI prArAdhanA, aura sathisiddhi gamana kA varNana diyA hai| sAtavIM samdhi ke 25 kaDavakoM meM mukhyata: bha0 zAntinAtha ke janmAbhiSeka kA varNana hai| grAThavIM tadhi ke 26 kaDavakoM meM bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI kaivalya prApti aura samavasaraNa vibhUti kA vistRta varNana hai| nAmI maMdhi ke 27 kaDavakoM meM bhagavAna zAntinAtha ko divya dhvani eva pravacanoM kA kathana hai| dazavI saMdhi ke 20 kaDavakoM meM tiresaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke carita kA saMkSipta varNana hai| 11vIM sadhi ke 34 kaDavakoM meM bhaugolika AyAmoM kA varNana hai, bharata kSetra kA hI nahIM kinna nAnA lAkA kA sAmAnya kathana hai / 12vIM saMdhi ke 18 kaDavakoM meM bhagavAna zAntinAtha dvArA varNina sadAcAra kA kathana diyA hamA hai| aura antima 16vIM saMdhi ke 17 kaDavakoM meM zAntinAtha kA nirmANa gamana kA varNana hai| yadyapi kathAvastu kI dRSTi se grantha meM koI navInatA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI, kintu kAvyakalA aura zilpa kI dRSTi se racanA mahatvapUrNa hai / grantha kA varNya viSaya paurANika hai| isI se use paurANikatA ke mAMca meM DAlA gayA hai| mAlocyamAna racanA apabhraza ke carita kAvyoM ko koTi kI hai| isameM caritakAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa pari. lakSita hote haiN| pratyeka saMdhi ke prArambha meM kavi ne agravAla zrAvaka sAdhAraNa kI zAntinAtha se maMgala kAmanA kI hai| grantha racanA meM praraka joyaNipura' (dillI) nivAsI agravAla kulabhUSaNa garga gotrIya sAha bhojarAjakA patroM (khemacandra, jJAnacandra, zrIcandra, gajamalla aura raNamala) meM se dvitIya putra jJAnacandra kA putra sAdhAraNa yA jisakI preraNA se grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai| kavi ne prazasti meM sAdhAraNa ke parivAra kA vistata paricaya karAyA hai| usane hastinApara kI yAyArtha saMgha calAyA thaa| aura jinamandira kA nirmANa karA kara usakI pratiSThA sampanna kara paNyArjana kiyA thA / jJAnacandra kI patnI kA nAma 'saurAjahI' thA, jo aneka guNoM se vibhUSita thii| usase tAna patra hae the| pahalA putra sAraMgasAhu thA, jisane sammeda zikhara kI yAtrA kI thii| usakI patnI kA nAma 'tilokAhI' thaa| dUsarA putra sAdhAraNa thA, jo bar3A vidvAna aura guNI thA, usakA vaibhava bar3hA car3hA thaa| usane zatrujaya ko yAtrA ko thI, usakI patnI kA nAma 'sovAhI' thA, usase cAra putra hue the-abhayacandra, mallidAsa, jitamalla aura sohilla unakI cAroM patniyoM ke nAma saMdaNahI, bhadAsahI, samado aura bhIkhaNahI / ye cAroM hI pativratA, sAdhvI aura dhaniSThA thiiN| isa taraha sAha sAdhAraNa ne samasta parivAra ke sAtha zAntinAtha carita kA nirmANa kraayaa| 1. joyariNapura dillI kA nAma hai / yahA~ 64 yoginiyoM kA nivAsa thA, aura unakA mandira bhI banA huA thaa| isa kAraNa isakA nAma yoginIpura par3A hai| 'joyarikhapura' apana za bhASA kA rUpa hai| vizeSa paricaya ke liye dekha, anekAnta varSa 13 kiraNa meM prakAzita dillI ke paudha nAma zIrSaka merA lekha /

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526 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 3 kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA vi. sa. 1567 kI kArtika kRSNA paMcamI ke dina mugala bAdazAha bAbara' ke rAjyakAla meM yoginIpura meM banAkara samApta kI thii| kavi ne apane se pUrvavartI nimna vidvAna kaviyoM kA smaraNa kiyA hai-akalaMka, pUjyapAda (devanandI), nemicandra saiddhAtika, caturmukha svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, yazaHkIti, raidha, guNa bhadrasUri paura sahaNapAla / inameM sahaNapAla kA koI grantha avalokana meM nahIM aayaa| bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra yaha bha. padmanandI ke prapaTTa para pratiSThita hone vAle bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke paTTa ziSya the| jinakA padAbhiSeka sammeda zikhara para suvarNa kalazoM se saM0 1571 meM phAlguna kRSNa doija ke dina huyA thaa| inakA pUrva nAma suhRjjana thA, jo vivekI aura vAdi rUpI gajoM ke lie siMha ke samAna thaa| yaha vaidyarAT bijha ke dvitIya putra the| inhoMne rAjA ke samAna vibhUti kA tyAga kara dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| bhaTTAraka hone para inakA nAma prabhAcandra rakkhA gayA thA / ve isa pada para 6 varSa 4 mAsa aura 25 dina rahe haiN| bhaTrAraka prabhAcada saM0 1578 meM campAvatI (cATasU) meM the aura vahA~ ke dhAvakoM meM unhoMne dhArmika ruci baDhAne kA prayatna kiyA thaa| kavi ThakurasI ne saM0 1575 meM meghamAlA kathA meM prabhAcandra kA ullekha kiyA hai / ina prabhAcandra kI koI racanA mere avalokana meM nahIM aaii| inakA samaya vi0 kI 16vIM zatAbdI kA tRtIya caraNa hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra mUla saMgha kundakundAnvaya meM prasiddha nandisaMgha aura balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya mora bha0 1. bAbara ne san 1526 meM pAnIpata kI lar3AI meM dillI ke bAdazAha ibrAhIma lodI ko parAjita aura divaMgata kara dillI kA rAjya zAsana prApta kiyA thaa| usake bAda usane AgarA para bhI adhikAra kara liyA thA aura san 1530 (vi. sa. 1587) meM AgarA meM hI usakI mRtyu ho gaI thii| isane kevala 5 varSa hI rAjya kiyA hai| 2. vikramarAyahu vavagaya kAlaha, risibsu-sr-bhuvi-kaalaa| kattiya-paDhama paksi paMcamiviNi, hau paripuNNa vi ummataha irinn| pAntinAtha carita prazasti 3. tatpaDodaya bhUpare'jani muniH shriimtprmenduvNshii| heyAya vicAraNakacaturo devaagmaalNkRto| bhojadivAkarAdivividha takke pa caMcuzcayo / jainendrAdikalakSaNapraNayane dakSo'nuyogeSu ca // 32 syakravA sAMsArikI bhUti kipAkaphala sannimAm / cintArasna nibhA jainI dIkSA saMprApya tattvavit // 33 zabda brahmAsaritpatismRtibalAdusIya yo liilyaa| SaT tagimArka karkaza girA jisvAdilAn bAdinaH / prAcyA digvijayI bhavanniva vibhUbano pratiSThAkRte / zrI sammedagirI suvarNa kalazaH paTTAbhiSekaH kRtaH // 34 -balAtkArapaNa gurvAvalI 4. dvitIya putro'pi suvarakhanAlyo vivekavAnvAdigajendrasiMhaH / AsItsadA sarvajanopakArI khAniH sukhAnAM jinadharmacArI // 36 // bhaTTArakaH zrI trinacandra paTTe bhaTTArako'yaM samabhUi guNADyaH / prabhendu saMzo hi mahA prabhAvaH tyaktvA vibhUti naparAja sAmyAm // 37 5. 'taha majbhipahAsasi vA muNIsu, saha, saMThiu NaM goyamu muraNIsu // meghamAlA kathA pra.

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15vIM, 16vI, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi vijayakIti ke ziSya the| yaha saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI aura hindI bhASA ke vidvAna the / kavi ne apane ko madhyAtmataraMgiNI TIkA prazasti meM-'saMsArabhItAzaya, bhAvAbhAva vivekavAridhi aura syAdvAda vidyAnidhi' vizeSaNoM se yukta prakaTa kiyA hai / tathA 'aMga paNNatti' meM apane ko vidya aura 'ubhayabhASAparisevI' sUcita kiyA hai| tathA kArtikeyAnuprekSA kI TIkA meM 'vidya' aura 'bAdiparvatavaciNA' likhA hai| yaha sAgavADA gaddI ke bhadAraka the| padAvalI se jJAta hotA hai ki ve tarka, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya aura adhyAtmazAstra Adi viSayoM ke mahAna jJAtA the| unhoMne vibhinna sthAnoM kI yAtrA kI thii| unake aneka ziSya the| unhoMne vAdiyoM ko parAsta kiyA thA, unakA 'vAdi parvatayadhiNA' vizeSaNa isa bAta kA poSaka hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne aneka pratiSThA samArohoM meM bhAga hI nahIM liyA kintu bhaTTAraka hone ke nAte unake pratiSThA kArya ko bhI sampanna kiyaa| inake dvArA pratiSThita mUrtiyAM udayapura, sAgavAr3A, DUMgarapura aura jayapura Adi ke mandiroM meM virAjamAna haiN| saMvat 1607 meM inhIM ke upadeza se paJcaparameSThI kI mUrti kI sthApanA kI gaI thii| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI hai, jinheM do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| racanAboM ke nAma nimna prakAra haiM: adhyAtmataraMgiNI (samayasArakalaza TIkA) jIvaMdharacarita, candanAcarita, aMgapaNNattI, pArzvanAtha paMjikA, karakaDacarita, saMzayavadana vidAraNa, svarUpa sambodhanavRtti, prAkRta vyAkaraNa, zreNikacarita, svAmikAtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA, pANDava purANa, saptatattva nirUpaNa, apazabda khaNDana, stotra (taka granya) nandIzvara kathA, kamaMdahana vidhi, cintAmaNi pUjA, teraha dvIpa pUjA, paMcakalyANaka pUjA, gaNadhara valaya pUjA, palyopamaudyApana vidhi, sAdhaMdvayadvApa pUjA, siddhacakra pUjA, puSpAMjali vrata pUjA, sarasvatI pUjA, cArita zuddhi vidhAna, sarvatobhadra vidhAna praadi| ina racanAmoM meM se yahA~ kucha racanAmoM kA paricaya diyA jAtA hai| racanA-paricaya padhyAtmaptaraMgiNI TIkA-yaha prAcArya amatacandra ke samayasAra kalazoM (nATaka samayasAra) ko TIkA hai jise bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne saM0 1573 meM banAkara samApta kI thii| TIkA meM kalaza ke padyoM ke artha kA udghATana kiyA hai| TIkA vizada hai aura padyoM ke antarbhAva ko kholane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM TIkAkAra ne padyoM ke artha karane meM camatkAra dikhalAyA hai / bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kI yahI TIkA sabase pahalI racanA jAna par3atI hai / TIkA prakAzita ho cukI hai| jIvaMghara carita-isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna hone vAle jIvaMdhara kamAra kA jo rAjA satyaMghara ke putra the, jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| jIvaghara ne apane pitA ke rAjya ko punaH prApta kiyA, bhoga bhoge, kintu anta meM apane putra ko rAjya dekara bhagavAna mahAvIra se dIkSA lekara pAtma-sAdhanA kii| kaThora tapazcaraNa kara karma 1. ziSyastasya viziSTa zAstravizadaH sNsaarbhiitaashyo| bhAvAbhAvaviveka vAridhitaraspAdvAdavidyAniSi : // vivaka vArAghasarasyAdvAdavidyAniSi : // --pradhyAtmataraMgiNI TIkA pra. 2. "tappaya sevaraNasatto tevejjo gya bhAsa privii|" -aMgapaNattI pra. 3. sUrizrIzubhacandraNa vaadiprvtvcinnaa| vicanAnuprekSAyA vRttiviracitA nraa|| -kArtikeyAnuprekSA TI0pra0 4: saMvat 1607 varSe baizAkhacadI 2 guru zrI mUlasaMSe ma..zrI zubhacandra gurUpadezAt sabaDhazaMkhezvarA gotre sA0 jinA / bhaTTAraka sampradAya pra0 145 5. vikrama varabhUpAlApaMcavidyate strisaptati thrike| varSepyAvivanmAne zukla pakSeSa paMcamodivase // bhyATrI.pra.

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528 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 zrRMkhalA kA vinAza kara avinAzI pada prApta kiyaa| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne isa pAvana carita kI racanA saMvat 1603 meM kI hai| paNNatto - yaha prAkRta bhASA kA grantha hai| isameM 248 gAthAe~ dI huI haiM, jinameM bhaMga pUrvAdi kA svarUpa zrIra padAdi kI saMkhyA dI huI hai / grantha mANikacandra granthamAlA ke siddhAnta sArAdi saMgraha meM prakAzita ho cukA hai / grantha meM racanAkAla diyA huA nahIM hai / kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA - yaha svAmI kumAra kI prAkRki gAthAthoM meM nibaddha anuprekSA grantha hai jise kArti yAnuprekSA kahA jAtA hai| mUla grantha meM 461 gAthAeM haiN| ina anuprekSAoM ko pratyakAra ne bhavyajanoM ke Ananda kI jananI likhA hai, grantha hRdayagrAhI hai aura uktiyA~ antastala ko sparza karatI haiN| zubha ne dI dvArA mUla gAthAoM kA artha udghATita karate hue aneka granthoM se samuddhRta padyoM dvArA usa viSaya ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai | zubhacandra ke ziSya lakSmIcandra ne bhI kucha bhAga likhA thaa| vaha bhI usameM zAmila kara liyA gayA hai| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne yaha TIkA vi0 saM0 1613 meM banAkara samApta kI hai" / zreNika caritra - isa graMtha meM 15 parva haiM jinameM magadha deza ke zAsaka mora bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pramukha zrotA rAjA zreNika bimbasAra kA jIvana-vRtta aMkita kiyA gayA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'padmanAbha purANa' bhI haiN| kyoMki zreNika kA jIva pathanAbha nAma kA prathama tIrthaMkara hogA, isa kAraNa grantha kA nAma bhI padmanAbhavarita rakha diyA gayA hai / karttA ne isakA racanAkAla nahIM diyA / karakaNDu carita - isameM 15 sarga haiN| yaha eka prabandha kAvya hai / isameM rAjA karakaMDu kA jIvana-paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| carita pAvana rahA hai, aura aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha rAjA pArzvanAtha kI paramparA meM huA hai / kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA saMvat 1611 meM jayAchapura ke AdinAtha caityAlaya meM kI hai / isa grantha kI racanA meM zubhacandra ke ziSya sakalabhUSaNa sahAyaka the I pANDava purANa - isa grantha meM 25 sarga yA parva haiM jinameM pANDavoM Adi kA jIvana-paricaya diyA huA hai / unakI jIvana ghaTanAoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| isa grantha kI prazasti meM kavi ne apane racita 25 granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai | zubhacandra ne isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1608 meM bAgvara deza ke zAkIbATapura ke AdinAtha caityAlaya meM kI hai| isakI racanA ne zrIpAla varNI ne sahAyatA kI hai| 1. zrImad vikramabhUpaterva muddata dvaitevAte saptaha | vedanyaMnatare same zubhatare mAse vareNye zucau / vAreNIpatika trayodazatiyoM sannUtane pattane / zrIcandramadhAni vaiviracitaM cedaM mayA toSataH ||87|| jIvaM0 pra0 2. zrImat vikrama bhUpateH paramite varSe te poDaze / mAmA sahite ( 1613) pAte dazamyAM tithoM / zrImaddI - hisAra-sAra nagare caityAlaye zrIguroH / zrImacchI zubhacandra deva vihitA TIkA sadA nandatu // 6 // 3. dvaSTe vikramataH zate samate ba~kA dazAbdAdhike, bhAdra mAsi samujvale yugatiyoM khaGgo javAchApure / zrI madvIpa mezvarasya sadane cake caritravidaM / rAjJaH zrI zubhacandrasUri patipazcAdhipasyAd bhuvaM // 55 // 4. zrImavikramabhUpate dvi kahate spaSTASTasaMkhye zate / ramye'STAdhikavatsare (1608) sukhakare bhAdra dvitIyA tize / zrImadvAra nIvRtIdmatule zrI zAkadApure, ciMdaracitaM stheyAtpurANaM ciraM / / 166 - karakaNDU cari0

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15, 16, 17vIM aura 18vI zatrAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 526 inake atirikta anya grantha mere avalokana meM nahIM thAe, isase unake sambandha meM likhanA kucha zakya nahIM hai| pUjA grantha bhI sAmane nahIM haiM isalie unakA paricaya bhI nahIM diyA jA sakatA / - kaSi kI saMskRta racanAoM ke pratirikta aneka hindI racanAe~ bhI haiM jinake nAma yahA~ die jAte haiMmahAvIra chanda ( stavana 27 padya) vijayakIrti chanda, tasvasAra dUhA, neminAtha chanda zrAdi / bha0 zubhacandra kA kAryakAla saM0 1573 (san 1516 ) se 1613 (san 1556 ) 40 varSa rahA hai| inake aneka ziSya the - zrI pAlavarNI, sakalacandra lakSmIcandra aura sumatikIrti aadi| inakA samaya 16vIM aura 17vIM zatAbdIkA pUrvArddha hai | amarakIti yaha mUla saMgha sarasvato gaccha ke bhaTTAraka mallibhUSaNa ke ziSya the / mallibhUSaNa mAlavA kI gaddI ke paTTadhara the| inhIM ke samakAlIna vidyAnanda aura zrutasAgara the| amarakIrti ne jina sahasra nAma stotra kI TIkA prazasti meM vidyAnaMda aura zrutasAgara donoM kA AdarapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| inakI ekamAtra kRti jina sahasranAma TokA hai| prazasti meM racanAkAla diyA huA nahIM hai| phira bhI amarakIrti kA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai / TIkA abhI aprakAzita hai use prakAza meM lAnA caahie| amarakIti kI yaha TIkA bha0 vizvasena dvArA anumodita hai / vIra kavi yA budhava kavi kA vaMza agravAla thA aura yaha sAhU totU ke putra the tathA bhaTTAraka hemacandra ke ziSya the / saMskRta bhASA ke vidvAna aura kavi the / inakI do kRtiyA~ mere dekhane meM bhAI haiM- vRhatsiddhacakra pUjA aura dharmacakra pUjA / vRhat pUjA- yaha siddha kI vistRta pUjA hai jinadAsa kASThA saMgha mAthurAnvaya aura puSkaragaNa ke bhaTTAraka kamalakIrti kumudacandra aura bhaTTAraka yazasena ke anvaya meM hue haiN| yazasena kI ziSyA rAjazrI nAma kI thI, jo saMyama liyA thii| usake bhrAtA padmAvatI puravAla vaMza meM samutpanna nArAyaNa siMha nAma ke the, jo muniyoM ko dAna dene meM dakSa the / unake putra jinadAsa nAma ke the, jinhoMne vidvAnoM meM mAnyatA prApta kI thii| inhIM paMDita jinadAsa ke grAdeza se ukta pUjA-pATha racA gayA hai| jise kavi ne vi0 saM0 1564 meM dillI ke bAdazAha bAbara ke rAjyakAla meM rohitAsapura (rohataka) ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM banAyA hai / dharmacakra pUjA - isa pUjA-pATha ko bhI ukta padmAvatI puravAla paMDita jinadAsa ke nirdeza se rohitAsapura ke pArzvanAtha jina mandira meM agravAla vaMzI goyala gotrI sAdhAraNa ke putra sAhU raNamalla ke putra mallidAsa ke lie banAyA gayA hai / isakI zloka saMkhyA 850 hai / ise kavi ne saM0 1586 meM pUsa mahIne ke zukla pakSa kI SaSThI ke dina samApta kiyA hai'| isa grantha kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ne nandIzvara pUjA paura RSimaMDala yaMtra pUjA-pATha kI bhI racanA kI hai| ye donoM pUjA grantha mere dekhane meM nahIM bAe, isI se unakA paricaya nahIM diyaa| inake atirikta afa kI anya kyA kRtiyA~ haiM vaha anveSaNIya hai / kavi kA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai / 1. vedASTavANa rAzi - saMvatsara vikramanRpAvamAne / ruhitAsanAmni nagare babbara mugalAdhirAja sadAjye // ? zrIpAra caityagehe kASThA saMghe ca mAthurAmyake // puSkaragaNe babhUva bhaTTArakamaNikamala kIrtyaH // 2 ( siddha0 pU0 pra0) 2. candravANASTa SaSThAMka: (1586) vartamAneSu sarvataH / zrI vikramanupAnnUnaM naya vikramazAlinaH ||6|| pauSa mAse site pakSe SaSThadu dina nAmake / ruhitAsapure ramye pArzvanAthasya mandire // 2 // maMtraka pUjA pra0

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530 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 kavi doDDayya yaha devappa kA putra thA, jo jaina purANoM kI kathA meM nipuNa thA pora paMDita muni kA ziSya thaa| devapa jaina brAhmaNa thA aura usakA gotra 'mAya' thaa| yaha hoysala deza ke caMga pradeza ke piriya rAja zahara meM rAjya karane vAle yadukula tilaka viruparAja kA darabArI katthaka thaa| yaha rAjA sAhitya kA bar3A premI thA, aura isane zAnti jina kI eka mUrti ko vidhivat taiyAra karA kara use sthApita kiyA thaa| aisA lekha madrAsa ke ajAyabaghara meM maujUda eka jaina mati ke nIce utkIrNa kiyA huA hai| __ kadi doDalya ne apane saMgraprabha carita meM virupa rAjendra kI stuti kI hai| jaina brAhmaNa paM. salivendra kA putra bommarasa isI rAjA kA pradhAna thaa| nandraprabha carira meM nidhana aura 4475 padya haiN| grantha ke prArambha meM kavi ne likhA hai ki maiM kavi parameSThI aura guNabhadra kI kahI huI kathA ko kAnar3I meM likhatA hai| pahale candranAtha, siddha, prAcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu, ratnatraya, sarasvatI, gaNadhara, jvAlAmAlinI, vijayapakSa paura piriya zahara ke ananta jina ko, aura kamalabhaMga mahiSikumArapurAdhIzvara brahmadeva kI stuti kI hai| grantha meM kucha pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA bhI smaraNa kiyA hai| kavi kA samaya 1550 ke lagabhaga arthAt IsA kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai| paM0 jinadAsa yaha vaMdya vidyA meM niSNAta vaidya the| inake pitA kA nAma 'rekhA thA jo vaidya the| inakI mAtA kA nAma 'rikhadhI' thA aura patnI kA nAma jinadAsI thA, jo rUpa lAvaNyAdi guNoM se alaMkRta thii| paMDita jinadAsa raNastambha durga ke samIpa navalakSapura ke nivAsI the / grantha prazasti meM unhoMne apane pUrvajoM kA paricaya nimna prakAra diyA hai: unake pUrvaja 'haripati' nAma ke vaNika the| jinheM papAvatI devI kA vara prApta yA mora jo perojazAha nAmaka rAjA se sammAnita the| unhIM ke vaMza meM 'padma' nAmaka ke zreSTho hue, jinhoMne aneka dAna diye aura gyAsasAhi nAma ke rAjA se bahu mAnyatA prApta kii| inhoMne zAkumbharI nagarI meM vizAla jina mandira banavAyA thaa| ve itane prabhAvazAlI the ki unakI prAjJA kA kisI bhI rAjA ne ullaMghana nahIM kiyaa| ve mithyAtva ke nAzaka the aura jina guNoM ke nitya pUjaka the| inake do putra the| unameM prathama kA nAma vijha thA, jo vaidyarAT thaa| bijha ne zAha nasora se utkarSa prApta kiyA thaa| inake dUsare putra kA nAma 'suhRjjana' thA, jo vivekI aura vAdI rUpI gajoM ke lie siMha ke rAmAna thaa| sabakA upakAraka aura jaina dharma kA prAcaraNa karane vAlA thaa| yaha jina candra bhaTTAraka ke paTTa para pratiSThita huA thaa| inakA paTTAbhiSeka saM0 1571 (san 1514) meM sammedazikhara para suvarNa kalazoM se humA thaa| inhoMne rAjA ke samAna vibhUti kA parityAga kara bhaTTAraka pada prApta kiyaa| inakA nAma bhaTAraka prabhAcandra rakhA gayA / ve isa paTTa para nau varSa 4 mAsa aura 25 dina rahe / ukta bijha vaidya kA putra dharmadAsa hupA, jisane mahamUda zAha se bahamAnyatA prApta kI thii| yaha bhI vaidya ziromaNi aura vikhyAtakIrti thA / ise bhI padmAvatI devI kA vara prApta thaa| isakI patnI kA nAma 'dharmazrI' thA, jo advitIya dAnI, sadRSTi, rUpavAn, manmathavijayI aura praphulla vadanA thii| isakA rekhA nAma kA eka putra thA, jo vaidyakalA meM dakSa, vaidyoM kA svAmI aura loka meM prasiddha thaa| yaha vaidya vidyA' inakI kula paramparA se calImA rahI thI aura usase Apake vaMza kI bar3I pratiSThA thii| rekhA apanI baMdya vidyA ke kAraNa raNastambha (raNathambhora) nAmaka durga ke bAdazAha zerazAha dvArA sammAnita huA thA, inhIM rekhA kA putra 50 jinadAsa thaa| inakA putra nArAyaNa dAsa nAma kA thaa| paMDita jinadAsa ne zerapura ke zAntinAtha caityAlaya meM 51 padyoMvAlI 'holIreNukA caritra' kI prati kA avalokana kara saM0 1608 (san 1551 I.) meM jyeSTha zuklA dasavIM zukravAra ke dina isa 'holIreNu kA caritra' grantha kI racanA 843 lokoM meM kI hai| ... T.J..58.

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15vI, 16vI, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi "pure zerapura-zAntinAthacaMtyAlaye bre| vasukhakAyazItAMzu (1608) saMvatsare tathA // jyeSThamAse site pakSe dazamyAM shukrvaasre| prakAri granthaH pUrNo'yaM nAmnA dRSTiprabodhakaH // " kavi jinadAsa ne isa grantha ko bha0 prabhAcandra ke ziSya muni ,dharmacandra aura dharmacandra ke ziSya muni lalita kIrti ke nAma kiyA hai| kavi kA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai| . brahmakRSNa yA kezavasenasUri kASThAsaMgha ke bhadvAraka ratnabhUpaNa ke praziSya aura jayakIti ke paTTadhara ziSya the| yaha kavi kRSNadAsa ke nAma se prasiddha the| vAgvara (vAgaDa) deza ke dampati vIrikA aura kAntaharSa ke putra aura brahma maMgaladAsa ke agraja (jyeSTha bhrAtA) the / karNAmata ko prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi kA gaMgAsAgara paryanta, dakSiNa deza meM, gujarAta meM mAlayA aura mevAr3a meM yaza aura pratiSThA thii| ve apane samaya ke suyogya vidvAna the aura 17vIM zatAbdI ke acche kavi the| prApakI isa samaya tIna racanAe upalabdha haiM, munisuvatapurANa-karNAmRta purANa aura SoDazakAraNa vrtodyaapn| dunimubaha purANa-ira: meM paMniyoM ke 20 veM tIrthakara munisuvrata kI jIvana gAthA aMkita kI gaI hai| maMgala sahodara kavi kRSNa ne isa purANa kA nirmANa vi0 saM0 1681 ke kArtika zukla pakSa kI trayodazI ke aparANha kAla meM kalpaballI nagara meM kara samApta kiyA hai| inSTaSacandra mite'tha varSe (1681) zrI kAtikAsye ghavale ca pakSe / jo trayodazyaparAnhayA me kRSNena sokhyAya binimito'yaM // 6 kavi ne apane ko lohapattana kA nivAsI praura harSa vaNika kA putra batalAyA hai| aura kalpavallI nagara meM brahmacArI kRSNa ne 3025 pacoM meM isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| jaisA ki usake puSpikA vAkya se spaSTa hai :-- iti zrI puNyacandrodaye munisuvata purANe dhIpUramallAM ke harSa dhIrikA dehaja ghI maMgaladAsApaja brahmacArIpavara kRSNadAsa viracite rAmaveya zivagamanaM trayoviMzatitamaH sargaH samAptaH / karNAmRta parANa-isameM karNa rAjA ke carita kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yaha dUsarI racanA hai| kavi ne ise vi0 saM01688 meM mAlava deza ko bhatilaka purI ke pAzvanAtha mandira meM mAgha mahIne meM pUrNa kiyA hai| isa pranya kI racanA meM brahmavardhamAna ne sahAyatA pahuMcAyI thI, jo inake ziSya jAna par3ate haiN| SoDazakAraNa vratodyApana-isameM SoDazakAraNamata kI vidhi aura usake udyApana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kavi kezavasena yA kRSNa ne ise vi0 saM0 1664 (sana 1637) meM magazira zuklA saptamI ke dina rAmanagara meM banA kara samApta kiyA hai| vevanaMda rasacandravatsare (1664) mArgamAsi sitasaptamI tithau| rAmanAmanagare mayA kRtAcAnya-puNyaniyahAtha sariNA / 14 iti prAcArya kezavasena viracitaM SoDazakAraNa pratodyApanaM saMpUrNaH isake atirikta kavi kI anya kRtiyAM bhI anveSaNIya haiM / kavi kA samaya vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI hai| 1. lelihAna-bamu-yaha vithuprame (1688) vatsare vividha bhAva saMyutaH / eSa evaM racito hitAya' meM grantha Atmana ihAkhilAginAm / / jaina anya praza0 mA0 11055

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 bha0 vAdicandra yaha mUlasaMgha sarasvatI gaccha ke bhadrAraka-bhaTrAraka jJAnabhUSaNa dvitIya ke praziSya aura bha0 prabhAcandra ke ziSya the| yaha apane samaya ke acche vidvAna kavi aura pratiSThAcArya the| inako paTTa paramparA nimna prakAra hai :-vidyAnandi ke paTTadhara mallibhUSaNa, unake paTTadhara lakSmIcandra, voracandra, jJAnabhUSaNa, prabhAcandra aura inake paTTadhara vAdicandra / inako gaddI gujarAta meM kahIM para thii| inakI nimna racanAeM upalabdha haiM-pAvapurANa, jJAnasUryodaya nATaka, pavanadUta, subhaga sulocanA carita, zrIpAla prAkhyAna, pANDavapurANa, aura yazodhara carita / holikA carita aura ambikA kathA / pAzvaMpurANa-isa grantha meM 1500 padya haiM jinameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA carita maMkita hai| isa granya ko kavi ne vi0 saM0 1640 emagAdI 5 ke dina gAramIki jaya maas.ii|vaadicndr ne apane guru prabhAcandra ko bauddha, kANAda, bhATTa, mImAMsaka, sAMkhya, vaizeSika prAdi ko jItane vAlA aura apane ko unakA paTTa suzobhita karane vAlA prakaTa kiyA hai-- bauddho mUDhati bauddha bhitimatiH kANAvako kati, bhaTro bhUtyati bhAvanApratibhaTo mImAMsako mandati / sAMkhyaH ziSyati sarvayaMvakayamaM vaizeSiko kati, yasya jJAnapANato vijayatA so'yaM prabhAcandramA / / jJAnasaryodaya nATaka-yaha eka saMskRta nATaka hai, jo 'prabodhacandrodaya' nAmaka nATaka ke uttara rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| kRSNAmadhayati parivrAjaka ne bundelakhaNDa ke candela vaMzI rAjA kIrtivarmA ke samaya meM ukta nATaka racA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki vi0 saM0 1122 meM ukta rAjA ke sAmane yaha nATaka khelA bhI gayA thaa| isake tIsare aMka meM kSapaNaka (jaina muni) ko nindita evaM pUNita pAtra rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai| vaha dekhane meM rAkSasa jaisA hai aura zrAvakoM ko upadeza detA hai ki tuma dUra se caraNa vandanA karo, aura yadi hama tumhArI striyoM ke sAtha ati prasaMga kareM to tumheM varSA nahIM karanI cAhiye / Adi / usI kA uttara vAdicandra ne diyA hai| donoM nATakoM kI tulanA karane se pAtroM kI samAnatA hai, donoM ke padya mora gadya vAkya kucha hera phera ke sAtha milate haiN| astu, kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1748 meM madhUka nagara (mahumA) meM samApta kI thI vasu-deva-rasAbjake varSe mAghe sisAkTamI viSase / zrImanmadhUkanagare siddho'yaM bodhasaMrabhaH / / pavana vRta--yaha eka khaNDa kAvya hai, jisakI padya sakhyA 101 hai| jisa taraha kAlidAsa ke virahI yakSa ne medha ke dvArA apanI patnI ke pAsa sandeza bhejA hai, usI taraha isameM ujjayinI ke rAjA vijaya ne apanI prANapriyA tArA ke pAsa, jise prazanivega nAma kA vidyAdhara hara le gayA thA, pavana ko dUta banAkara viraha sandeza bhejA hai| yaha racanA sundara aura sarasa hai| apane pakSa meM kavi ne apane nAma ke sivAya anya koI paricaya nahIM diyA hai / padya se spaSTa hai ki yaha racanA vigatavasana vAdicandra kI hai| yaha vAdicandra vahI hai jo jJAna sUryodaya nATaka ke kattA hai| subhaga sulocanA caritra-isa grantha kI eka prati IDara ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM hai| prazasti se jAna par3atA hai ki 1. tasaTTamaNDanaM sUrirvAdicandro vyarIracat / purANametatvAzvasya vAvivRnda ziromaNiH // 2 nyavedarAsAjAMke varSe pakSe smujjle| kArtika mAsi paMcamyA bAlmIke nagare mudA // 3 pA.pu.pra. 2. pAvo natvA jagaduyakasvartha sAmadhyavantau vighnadhyAntaprasara taraNeH zAntinAthasya avasthA / zrotuM tatsadasi guriNatAvAyudatAbhidhAna, kAvyaM cake vigatavasanaH svlpyorvaadicndrH|

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15trI, 16, 17vIM aura 1auN zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTrAraka aura kavi 533 yaha grantha sugama saMskRta meM likhA gayA hai / vAdicandra ke ziSya sumatisAgara ne vi0 saM0 1661 meM vyArA ( nagara) meM likhA thaa| zrIpAla dhAkhyAna- yaha eka gItikAvya hai jo gUjarAtI mizrita hindI bhASA meM hai, aura jise kavi ne saM0 1651 meM saMghapati dhanajI savA kI preraNA se banAyA thaa| pANDava purANa-isa grantha meM pANDavoM kA carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai jisako racanA kavi ne vi0 saM0 1654 meM samApta kI hai| beba vANa SaDanjAMke varSe nabhasi maaske| boSakA nagarakAri pANDavAnAM prbndhkH|| -terApaMthI bar3A mandira, jayapura yazodhara dharita- isameM yazodhara kA jIvana-paricaya diyA iyA hai| kavi ne isa grantha ko aMkalezvara (bharoMca) ke cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha mandira meM vi0 saM0 1657 meM racA hai| eka-paMca-SaDekAMka varSe nabhasi maaske| mudA.."kathAmenAM vAvicandro vivrH|| __inake atirikta kavi kI holikA carita aura ambikA kathA do racanAe~ batalAI jAtI haiM, jo mere dekhane meM nahIM paaii| AdityavAra kathA aura dvAdaza bhAvanA hindI kI racanAeM haiN| eka do gujarAtI racanAeM bhI inakI kahI jAtI haiN| kadi kA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI hai| kavi rAjamatta kASThA saMgha mAtha ragaccha puSkaragaNa ke bhaTTArakoM kI AmnAya ke vidvAna the usa samaya paTTa para bha0 khemakoti virAjamAna the| kavi rAjamalla 17vIM zatAbdI ke pratibhA sampanna vidvAna aura kavi the| vyAkaraNa, siddhAnta, chanda zAstra aura syAdvAdavidyA meM pAraMgata the| syAdvAda aura adhyAtmazAstra ke talasparzI vidvAna the| rAjamalla ne svayaM lATI saMhitA kI saMdhiyoM meM apane ko syAdvAdAnavadya-gadya-paca-vidyA vizArada- vimaNi' likhA hai / kunda. kandAcArya ke samayasArAdi granthoM ke gahare abhyAsI the| unhoMne jana mAnasa meM adhyAtma viSaya ko pratiSThita karane ke 1. vihAma pada kAThinyaM sugamaitracanokaraH / cakAra parita sAdhyA badicandrolpameSamAm // iti bhaTTAraka prabhAcandrAnucarasUri zrI vAdicandra viracite navamaH paricchedaH samAptaH / / saM. 1661 varSe phAlguna mAse sudi paMcamyAM tiyo zrI byArA nagare zAntinAya tyAlaye thI mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaye ma. zAnabhUSaNA: bha. zrI prabhAbandrAH bha. vAdicandrasya ziSya brahma zrI sumatisAgareNa idaM caritaM likhita jJAnAvaraNIya karma ksspaarthmiti| 2. saMvat sola ekAbanA varSe kodho ya para ghjii| bhaviyana thira mana karIne surAjyo nita saMbaMdha jii| dAna dIje jina pUjA koje samakita mana rAkhije jii| sUtraja bhaNie NavakAra vaNie asatya na vibhaSice jii||10 lobhava tajI brahma dharIje sAMbhalyAne phala eha jI / / e gIta je naranArI suraNa se aneka maMgala taru geha jI // 1 // saMghapati ghanajI savA vacane phIdhoe parabaMdha jI / / kevalI zrIpAsa puSa sahita tumha nitya karo jayakAra jI / / 12 3. itizrI syAdvAdAnabadya yadyapaya vidyAvizArada-rAjamala viracitAyAM prAvakAcArApara nAma lATIsahitAyAM sAdhududAtmaja-phAmanamanaH sarojArabiMdavikAzanaka mArtaNDa maNDalAyamAnAyAM kathAmukha varNanaM nAma prathamaH sargaH / /

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-mAga 2 lie AcArya amRtacandra ke samaya sAra kAyadyoM kI hAvA lipI yo / uhIkA ke adhyayana se aneka loga adhyAtmarasa kA pAna karane ko samartha ho sake haiN| ApakA vyaktitva prabhAvazAlI thA, aura unake citta meM jana kalyANa kI bhAvanA sadA jAgRta rahatI thii| unhoMne aneka sthAnoM para vihAra kara janatA ko kalyANamArga kA upadeza diyA thaa| khAsakara rAjasthAna ke mAravAr3a aura mevAr3a deza meM vihAra kara janakalyANa karate hue yaza aura pratiSThA prApta kI thii| unakA vizuddha pariNAma aura sarvopakAriNI buddhi ina donoM guNoM kA ekatra sammelana unake bauddhika jIvana kI vizeSatA thI / inhIM se sAhitya saMsAra meM unake yaza saurabha kA vistAra ho rahA thaa| unakI adhyAtmakamala mArtaNDa aura paMcAdhyAyI kRtiyAM unake pradhyAtmAnubhava aura syAhAdasaraNI kI nirdezaka haiN| ve jahA~ jAte vahA~ unakA svAgata hotA thaa| unheM prAgarA meM zAhajahA~ ke rAjyakAla meM kucha samaya rahane kA avasara milA hai| unhoMne zAhajahA~ ko najadIka se dekhA hai| aura jambUsvAmI carita meM usakI vizeSatAoM kA digdarzana bhI karAyA hai| gujarAta vijaya kA varNana karate hae likhA hai| usane 'jajiyAkara chor3a diyA thA aura zarAba bhI banda kara dI thii| "mumoca zulkaM tvaya jejiyAbhiSaM, sa yAvadaMbhoSara bhUdharAdharaM // " 27 "pramAdamAvAyajaH pravartate phudharmavameSa yataH prmtviiH| tato'pi madyaM tavavadyakAraNaM nivArayAmAsa vidyAbaraH sahi / / " 26 -jaMbU svAmicarita usa samaya prAgarA meM prakabara bAdazAha ke khAsa adhikArI kRSNAmaMgala caudharI nAma ke kSatriya the, jo ThAkUra aura marajAnI putra bhI kahalAte the aura indrazrI ko prApta the| unake prAge 'gaDhamallasAha' nAma ke eka vaiSNava dharmAbalambI dUsare adhikArI the, jo bar3e paropakArI the| kavi ne unheM paropakArArtha zAzvatI lakSmI prApta karane kA pAzIrvAda diyA hai| jambU svAmI carita kI racanA karAne vAle sAhU ToDara una donoM ke khAsa prItipAtra the, unheM kavi ne TakasAla ke kArya meM dakSa batalAyA hai : "tayoIyoH prItirasAmRtAtmaka sabhAtinAnATakasAra bakSakaH / " sAhU ToDara bhaTAnikola (alIgar3ha) ke nivAsI agravAla the, inakA motra garga thaa| yaha kASThA saMghI bhaTTAraka kumArasena kI prAmnAya ke zreSThI the| kavi ne inhIM kumArasena ke paTTa para kramazaH hemacandra, padmanandI, yazaHkoti aura kSemakIti kA pratiSThita honA likhA hai| kavi rAjamalla kI nimna kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM-jambU svAmI caritra, adhyAtma-kamala mArtaNDa, samayasArakalazaTIkA, lATI saMhitA, chandovidyA saura pNcaadhyaayii| racanA-paricaya jambasvAmI caritra--isameM antima kevalI jambU svAmI ke caritra kA aMkana kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM 13 sarga aura 2400 ke lagabhaga zloka haiN| isa grantha kI racanA kavi ne Agare meM kI hai, ata: prAgare kA varNana karanA svAbhAvika hai| vahA~ ke zAsaka zAhajahA~ kA acchA varNana kiyA hai aura usake kAryoM ko prazaMsA bho ko hai| kAvyavairAgya pradhAna hai / kahIM para yuddha kA varNana karate hae bIra rasa pA gayA hai, kahIM dharmazAstra aura nIti kA varNana hai| jambUkUmAra ke sAtha unakI striyoM aura vidyaccara ke jo saMvAda hue haiM ve bahata hI rocaka haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI mahatva ke haiM / isa grantha kI racanA sAhU ToDara ke anurodha se huI hai jisane pracura dravya vyaya karake mathurA meM 514 stapoM kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA thaa| aura unakI pratiSThA caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa jyeSTha mahIne ke zukla pakSa meM dvAdazI budhavAra ke dina kI thii| pratiSThAdi kArya rAjamalla dvArA sampanna hayA thaa| isa grantha ko racanA kavi ne saM0 1632 meM 2. saMvatsare gatAbdAnAM patAnAM SoDakamAt, zuddhastriMzadbhirabdazca sAdhika dadhati sphuTam 116 zubhe jyeSThe mahAmAse zukla pakSe mahodaye, dvAdazyAM budhabAre sthAghaTInAM ca navopari, / -baMdU svAmi caritra 1.116 20

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151auN, 16vI, 17vIM aura 15vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi caMtra badI aSTamI ke dina punarvasu nakSatra meM kI hai| adhyAtma-kamala-mArtaNDa-isameM cAra pariccheda haiM aura 250 zloka haiM, racanA praur3ha hai, isameM mokSa, mokSa mArgakA lakSaNa dera nAnAga, ra lipa aura antima caturtha pariccheda meM sAtatatva nau padArthoM kA varNana hai| kavi ne grantha ke prArambha meM cidAtmabhAva ko namaskAra kiyA hai, aura saMsAra tApa kI zAnti ke lie mohanIya karma ko nAza karane ke lie grantha kI racanA kI hai| samayasArakalaza TokA-kavi ne prAcArya amatacandra dvArA racita samayasAra ko grAtmasyAti TIkA ke saMskRta padyoM meM usake hArda ko abhivyakta karane vAle jo kalaza rUpa padya diye haiM, unhIM padyoM ko hRdayaMgama kara unakI khaMDAnvayAtmaka bAlabodha TIkA likhI hai| yaha TIkA jinAgama, guruupadeza, mukti aura svAnubhava pratyakSa ko pramANa kara likhI gaI hai| yahI TokA kI bhASA hu~DArI braja-rAjasthAnI mizrita hai phira bhI gadya kAvya sambanyo zelo pora lAlityAdi vizeSatAyoM se prota-prota hai| par3hate hI citta meM pAlAda utpanna karatI hai| TIkA meM pratyeka zloka ke pada-vAkyoM kA zabdaza: artha karate hae usake mathitArtha ko 'bhAvArtha isyo' vAkya dvArA prakaTa kiyA hai| khaMDAnvaya meM vizeSaNoM aura tatsamvandhI sandarbho kA spaSTIkaraNa bAda meM kiyA jAtA hai| rAjamalla kI isa TIvA meM ukta paddhati se hI vivecana kiyA gayA hai| TokA meM aneka vizeSatAeM pAI jAtI hai| jAna par3atA hai kavi ne samaya sArAdi granthoM kA khuba manana kiyA thaa| unhoMne usakA anubhava hone para hI isa TIkA kI racanA kI hai| TIkA kaba racI gaI, isakA ullekha nahIM miltaa| TIkA manana karane yogya hai| kavi ne isa TIkA kA nirmANa saMvat 1680 se pUrva 1640 meM kiyA hai kyoMki 1680 meM arathamalaDhora ne yaha banArasIdAsa ko dI hai| usake pracAra-prasAra meM samaya lagA hogaa| lATI saMhitA-yaha prAcAra-zAstra kA grantha hai| isameM sAta sarma aura padyoM kI saMkhyA 1600 ke lagabhaga hai| kavi ne isa racanA ko anucchiSTa aura navIna batalAyA hai / kavi ne yaha samaya apravAla vaMzAvataMsa maMgala gotrI sAha dudA ke putra saMgha ke adhipati 'phAmana' nAma ke zreSThI ke lie banAyA hai| kavi phAmana ke vaMza kA vistata varNana karate hae phAmana ke pUrvajoM kA mUla nivAsa sthAna 'DaukIna' nagarI catalAyA hai| phAmana ne vairATa nagara ke 'tAlhU' nAma ke vidvAna kI kRpA se dharma-lAma kiyA thaa| jo bhaTTAraka hemacandra kI prAmnAya ke bAlaka the| vairATa nAma kA yaha nagara vaho prasiddha nagara jAna par3atA hai jo rAjA virATa kI rAjadhAnI thA, jo matsya deza meM sthita thA aura jahAM vanavAsa ke samaya pANDava loga gupta rUpa meM rahe haiN| yaha nagara jayapura se lagabhaga 40 mIla dUra hai| kavi ne isa nagara ko khUba prazaMsA kI hai| vahAM usa samaya akabara bAdazAha kA zAsana thA aura nagara koTa-khAI se yukta thA / usako parvatamAlA meM tAMbe kI kitanI hI khAne thI jinase tAMbA nikAlA jAtA thaa| nagara meM U~ce sthAna para phAmana ke bar3e bhAI nyoto ne eka vizAla jinamandira kA nirmANa karAyA thA jo eka kIti stambha ho yA / yaha digambara jainamandira bahata vizAla aura aneka sundara citroM se alaMkRta thA 1 yaha mandira pArzvanAtha ke nAma se loka 1. dekho, jambU sthAmIcarita ke anta kI gadya prazasti / 2. avyAtmakamala mArtaNDa ke prArambha ke cAra padya / 3. satyaM dharma rasAyano yadi tadA mAM prazikSayopa kramAta sArodvAramivApyanugrahatayA svalpAkSaraM sAravat / AI cApi mRdUktibhiH sphuTamanucchiSTa navInaM mahanirmANa parikSehi saMgha nRpatirbhUyAyavAdIditi // 76 lATI saMhitA 4. tavAdyasya varo suto varaguNo nyotA saMpAdhipo, yenaMtajinamandira sphuTamiha prottuMgamatyadbhutaM / vairATe nagare nidhAya vidhivasyUjAzca bahvayaH kRtAH / pratrAmutra sukhapradaH svayazasaH staMbhaH samAropitaH ||72-laattii saMhitA

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 536 prasiddha thaa| isI mandira meM baiTha kara kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1641 meM zrAzvina zuklA dazamI ravivAra ke dina banAkara samApta kI hai, jaisA ki usakI prazasti ke nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai :-- zrInRpavikramAvityarAjye pariNate sati sahaikacatvAriMzaviradAnAM zataSoDaza // 2 tatrApya'zvina mAse sitapakSe zubhAnvite / anant dAzarathezca zobhane ravivAsare // 3 grantha ke prathama sarga meM kathA mukha varNana hai| aura zeSa chaha sargoM meM grantha kAra ne ATha mUlaguNa, sAta vyasana, samyagdarzana tathA zrAvaka ke 12 vratoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| samyagdarzana kA varNana karane ke lie do sarga aura ahiMsANuvrata ke lie eka sarga kI svataMtra racanA kI gaI hai| chando vidhA - isa grantha kI 28 patrAtmaka eka mAtra prati dillI ke paMcAyatI mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM mojUda hai, jo bahuta hI jorNa-zIrNa dazA meM haiN| aura jisakI zloka saMkhyA 550 ke lagabhaga hai| isameM guru aura laghu akSaroM kA svarUpa batalAte hue likhA hai jo dIrgha hai, jisake para bhAga meM saMyukta varNa hai, jo vindu (anusvAra- visarga yA vakra (s) hai| jo eka mAtrika hai yaha laghu hotA se yukta hai-pAsa hai jaha hai hai ora usakA rUpa zabda vakratA se rahita sarala (1) hai ! vaha saMjuttavaze vipro thAliyo (?) vicarate / sa guru bakaM matto praNo lahu hoi zuddha ekapralo isake Age chanda zAstra ke niyama - upaniyamoM tathA unake apavAdoM Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| isa piMgala grantha meM prAkRta saMskRta apabhraMza aura hindI ina cAra bhASAoM ke payoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jinameM prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASA kI pradhAnatA hai unameM chandoM ke niyama, lakSaNa aura udAharaNa diye haiN| saMskRta bhASA meM bhI niyama aura udAharaNa pAye jAte haiN| aura hindI meM bhI kucha udAharaNa milate haiN| isase kavi kI racanA cAturya aura kAvya pravRti kA paricaya milatA hai / chando vidyA ke nidarzaka isa piMgala grantha kI racanA bhAramalla ke liye kI gaI hai| rAjA bhAramalla kA kula zrImAla aura gotra zaMkyANa thA / unake pitA kA nAma devadatta thA, nAgaura ke nivAsI the| usa samaya nAgaura meM tapAgaccha ke sAdhu candrakIrti paTTa para sthita the| bhAramalla unhIM kI zrAmnAya ke sampattizAlI vaNika bhAramala ke pUrvaja 'raMkArAu' ke prathama rAjapUta the / punaH zrImAla aura zrIpura paTTana ke nivAsI the| phira AbU meM guru ke upadeza se zrAvaka dharma dhAraka hue the, unhIM kI vaMza paramparA meM bhAramalla hue the / paDhamaM bhUpAlaM puNu siribhAlaM siripura paTTaNa vAsu, puNu zrAbU desi guru uvaesi sAvaya dhammaNivAsu / ghaNa dhammahaNilayaM saMghaha tilayaM raMkArAU saridu, tA vaMza paraMvara dhammadhuraMdhara bhAramalla gariSu / / 116 ( marahaTTA ) bhAramalla ke do putra the - indrarAja aura ajayarAja / indrarAja indrAvatAra jasa naMbanu diTa, ajayarAja rAjAdhirAja saba kaJja gariTTha / svAmI dAsa nivAsa lachi bahU sAhi samANaM | soyaM bhAramalla hema-ya-kuJjara-vAnaM / / 131 (roDaka) bhAramalla koTyAdhIza the, sAMbhara jhIla aura aneka bhU-parvatoM kI khAnoM ke adhipati the| saMbhavataH TakasAla bhI Apake hAthoM meM thI / Apake bhaNDAra meM pacAsa karor3a sone kA TakkA (azarphiyA~) maujUda thiiN| jahA~ Apa dhanI the vahA~ dAnI bhI the| bAdazAha akabara ApakA sammAna karatA thA / kavi ne inakA atizayoktipUrNa varNana kiyA hai| grantha meM racanA kAla nahIM diyaa| yaha racanA bhAramalla ko prasanna karane ko likhI gaI hai|

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15vIM, 15vI. 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya bhaTTAraka, aura kavi nAgaura se kavivara vairATa aaye| aura ve vahA~ ke pArzvanAtha jinamandira meM rahane lge| vaha nagara unheM pati priya humA / vahAM lATI saMhitA ke nirmANa karate samaya unake dila meM eka grantha banAne kA utsAha jAgata hpaa| paMcAdhyAyI-kavi ne isa grantha ko pA~ca adhyAyoM meM likhane kI pratijJA kI thii| ve usakA DeDha adhyAya hI banA sake kheda hai| ki bIca meM hI prAyU kA kSaya hone se ve use pUrA nahIM kara sake / yaha samAja kA gyi hI hai| kavi ne AcArya kunda kunda aura amRtacandrAcArya ke granthoM kA dohana karake isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| anya meM dravya sAmAnya kA svarUpa anekAnta dRSTi se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| aura dravya ke guNa paryAya tathA utpAda vyaya progya kA acchA vicAra kiyA hai| dravya kSetra kAla-bhAva kI apekSA usake svarUpa kA nirvAdha cintana kiyA hai| nayoM ke bheda aura unakA svarUpa, nizcaya naya aura vyavahAra naya kA spaSTa kathana kiyA hai| khAsakara samyagdarzana ke vivecana meM jo vizeSatA dRSTigocara hotI hai vaha kadi ke anubhava ko ghotaka hai| vAstava meM kavi ne jisa viSaya kA sparza kiyA usakA sAMgopAMga vivecana svaccha darpaNa ke samAna kholakara spaSTa rakha diyA hai / grantharAja ke kathana ko vizeSatA apUrva aura adbhuta hai| usameM prabacanasAra kA sAra jo samAyA huA hai, jo donoM anyoM kI tulanA se spaSTa hai| usa samaya kavi kA svAnubhava bar3hA huyA thaa| yadi grantha pUrA likhA jAtA to vaha eka pUrNa maulika kRti hotii| grantha ko kathana zailI gahana aura bhApA prauDha hai| anya adhyayana aura manana karane ke yogya hai / varNI granthamAlA se isakA prakAzana huA hai| kavi kA samaya 17 vIM zatAbdI hai| kavi zAha ThAkura vaMza paricaya-kavi kI jAti khaMDelavAla aura gotra luhA'yA yA luhADiyA thaa| yaha vaMza rAjyamAnya rahA hai / zAha ThAkura sAha sIlhA ke praputra aura sAhu khetA ke putra the, jo deva-zAstra-guru ke bhakta aura vidyAvinodo ye. unakA vidvAnoM se vizeSa prema thA / kavi saMgIta zAstra, chanda alaMkAra mAdi meM nipuNa the aura kavitA karane meM unheM Ananda prAtA thaa| unakI patnI yati mora pAyakoM kA poSaNa karane meM sAvadhAna thI, usakA nAma 'ramAI thaa| yAvaka jana usako koti kA gAna kiyA karate the| usake do putra the govindadAsa aura dhrmdaas| inake bhI putrAdika the| isa taraha zAhaThAkura kA parivAra sampanna parivAra thaa| inameM dharmadAsa vizeSa dharmajJa aura sampUrNa kuTumba kA bhAra vahana karane vAlA, vinayI aura guru bhakta thaa| mahApurANa kalikA kI prazasti meM unakA vistata paricaya diyA huA hai| guru paramparA-mUla saMgha, sarasvatI gaccha ke bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra, padmanandI, zubhacandra, jinacandra, prabhAcandra, candrakoti aura vizAnIti ke ziSya the| inake praguru bha0 prabhAcandra jinacandra ke paTTadhara the, jo SaTa taka meM nipaNa tathA karkaza vAggirA ke dvArA aneka kaviyoM ke vijetA the, aura jinakA paTTAbhiSeka saM01571 meM sammeda zikhara para suvarNa kalazoM se kiyA gayA thaa| inhIM prabhAcandra ke paTTadhara bha0 cndrkiitiye| inakA padAbhiSeka bhI ukta sammeda zikhara para huA thaa| lakSmaNagar3ha ke digambara jaina mandira meM eka pASANa mUrti hai jise saM0 1960 meM khaMDela vaMza ke zAha chAjU ke putra tAraNa mata ke puna gUjara ne mUlasava nazAmnAya ke bhaTTAraka candrakIti dvArA prati 1. paTTAvanI ke 32,33,34 padyoM meM prabhAcandra ke sammeda zikhara para hone vAle paTTAbhiSeka kA varNana hai| usake bAda nimna 35 veM padya meM candrakIti ke paTTAbhiSeka kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| zrI malapramAcandra gaNIndra paTTa bhaTTAraka zrI muni candrakIti:saMsnApito yo'caninAthavRndaH sammeda nAmnIha girIndra mUni // 35 prastuta prabhAcandra cittaur3a kI gaddI ke bhaTTAraka the, aura candrakIti kA paTTAbhiSeka 1622 meM sammeda zikhara para huA thaa| inakI jAti khaMDelavAla aura gotra gopA thaa| isa paTTAvasI meM vizAlakIti kA ullesa nahIM hai|

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 538 Tita karAyA thaa| unhIM ke samasAmayika kta vidyAlakIrti the, jinako kavi ne guru rUpa se ullekhita kiyA hai / yadyapi vizAlakIrti nAma ke kaI bhaTTAraka ho gae haiM, parantu prastuta vizAlakIta nAgaura ke paTTadhara jJAta hote haiN| I grantha racanA-vAha ThAkura ke do grantha mere avalokana meM Aye haiM- mahApurANa kalikA, aura zAnti nAtha carita ye donoM hI graMtha ajamera ke bhaTTArakIya bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai| inameM mahApurANa kalikA meM saTha zalAkA puruSoM kA paricaya hindI pathoM meM diyA hai, kahIM-kahIM usameM saMskRta patra bhI milate haiN| bhASA meM apabhraMza aura dezI zabdoM kA bAhulya hai| isa grantha kI racanA kavi ne 27 sandhiyoM meM pUrNa ko hai| isakA racanA kAla saM0 1650 hai / usa samaya dillI meM humAU~ nandana akabara kA rAjya thA / aura jayapura meM mAnasiMha kA rAjya thA / kavi ne isa tresaTha puNya puruSoM ko kathA ko ajJAna vinAzaka, bhava janma chedana karane vAlI, pAvanI aura zubha karane vAlI batalAyA hai / yA janmAbhavacheda nirNayakarI yA brahma bAvarI / yA saMsAravibhAvabhAvanaparA yA dharmakamApurI / ajJAnAdayadhvaMsinI zubhakarI yA sadA pAvanI, yaha vesa DipurANa uttamakamA bhavyA sadA yApunaH // mahA purANa kalikA kavi kI dUsarI kRti 'zAnti nAtha purANa' hai jo apabhraMza kavi ne unameM zAntinAtha kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA hai| jo sAdhAraNa hai| kavi ne sIdhe-sAde zabdoM meM jIvana-gAthA paMkti kI hai| paMcamI ke dina cakatA vaMza ke jalAluddIna akabara bAdazAha ke zAsana kAla meM, mAnasiMha ke rAjya meM nuvANI pura meM samApta kiyA hai| usa samaya mAnasiMha kI rAjadhAnI pAmera thii| kavi kI anya racanAoM kA anveSaNa karanA zrAvazyaka hai / kavi kA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla hai| bhASA kI racanA hai, jisameM pAMca sandhiyA~ haiM / vartI kAmadeva aura tIrthaMkara the| racanA kavi ne yaha vikrama 0 1652 bhAdra zuklA DAhara deza ke kacchapa vaMzI rAjA maTTAraka vizvasena kASThA saMgha ke mandira gaccha rAmasenAnvaya ke bhaTTAraka vizAlakIrti ke ziSya the| 1. dekho, prAcIna jaina smAraka madhyabhArata va rAjaputAnA pR0 166 kati loke bhavati maMDalAcA 2. nadyAmnAye sugacche subhaga zrutamale bhAratIkAramUrte some baMda ThakurIti nAma vishaan||" 3. saMvat citi ANi jo jagi jANI solasaha paMcAsaile / ghasaTI sudi mAha aru guru lAha revatI narivala paNa bhale // dubaI ki kavi mahApurisa guNa kalikAi saMbodhAra bhavi pohaNAra Nii buSI paiDa bhuvaNi kavi iNeM // 3 4. sAbira dillImA naMdana JA pugvA pacchima kUTa duhAi uttara dakkhiNa sabda apaNA / 5. saMvata solAsaha subhaga sAli, bAvana varisa Upari visaali| mahApurANa kalikA sandhi 23 bhAdava di paMcama subhaga bAI, dillI maMDalu dehu mAri akabara jalAladI pAti sAhi vArai taha rAjA mAnasAhi / kurabhavaMti ArisAni DhADa deha sobhirAma - zAntinAma carita prazasti bhaTTArakIya ajamera bhaNDAra

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15vIM, 16vIM, 10vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 536 vizAlakItizca vizAlakItiH jambU drumAMke vimaleza devaH / vibhAMti vidyArNava eva nityaM vairAgyapAthonidhi zuddhacetAH || starasenI mativRndamukhyo virAjate vItabhayaH salIlaH / svatarka nizita saDimbhaH vikhyAtakIrtijitamAramUrtiH // 55 // kavi kI ekamAtra kRti 'SaNNavati kSetrapAla' pUjA hai / kavi ne usameM racanA kAla nahIM diyaa| zrataeva yaha nizcita karanA kaThina hai ki bha0 vizvasena meM isakI racanA kaba kii| inhoMne saM0 1566 meM eka mUrti kI pratiSThA kI thii| inake dvArA racI ArAdhanAsAra kI TIkA mena gaNa bhaMDAra nAgapura meM upalabdha hai / bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa ne apane zAntinAtha purANa meM apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha karate hue vizAlakIrti ke ziSya bha0 vizvasena kA ullekha kiyA hai| inake ziSya vidyAbhUSaNa the| ataeva inakA samaya vikrama ko 16vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa hai / bha0 vidyAbhUSaNa kASThA saMgha nandI taTagaccha aura vidyAgaNa ke vidvAna bhaTTAraka vizvasena sUri ke ziSya the| saMskRta aura gujarAtI bhASA ke vidvAna the| inakI saMskRta aura hindI gujarAtI mizrita aneka racanAeM upalabdha haiM / jambUsvAmI caritra, varddhamAna caritra, bAraha sau cautIsa vidhAna patyavidhAna pUjA, RSimaNDala yaMtra pUjA, vRhatkalikuNDa pUjA, siddhayaMtra maMtroddhAra stavana-pUjana inameM jambUsvAmI caritra kI racanA saM0 1653 meM ko hai, aura palya vidhAna pUjA kI racanA saMvata 1614 meM samApta kI hai| inake upadeza se baDaudA ke vADI muhalle ke di0 jaina mandira meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA saM0 1604 meM pratiSThita karAI thI jise inakI dIkSita ziSyA huvaDa anaMtamatI ne kI thI / inhoMne gujarAtI meM bhaviSyadattarAsa kI racanA saM0 1600 meM ko thii| dvAdazAnuprekSA ( dvAdaza bhAvanA ) | nemIzvara phAga 315 padyoM meM racI gaI haiN| yaha eka sAhiyaka kRti hai, isake 251 padyoM meM neminAtha kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai dazabhavAntaroM ke saath| isake prArambha ke do padya saMskRta meM haiM aura kahIM-kahIM madhya meM bhI saMskRta padya pAye jAte haiM / inakA samaya 1600 se 1653 taka sunizcita hai| yaha 17vIM zatAbdI ke bhaTTAraka hai / maTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa yaha kASThA saMgha ganditaragaccha aura vidyA gaNa meM prasiddha hone vAle rAmasena, nemisena, lakSmIsena, dharmasena, vibhalasena, vizAlakIti, aura vizvasena Adi bhaTTArakoM ko paramparA meM hone vAle bhaTTAraka vidyAbhUSaNa ke paTTavara the / aura sAjitrA (gujarAta) ko gaddI ke paTTadhara the / bhaTTAraka samudAya se jJAta hotA hai ki inake pitA kA nAma kRSNA sAha aura mAtA kA nAma mAkuhI thaa| acche vidvAna the, parantu mUlasaMgha se vidveSa rakhate the / usake prati unako to kaSAya thii| paM0 nAthUrAma jAmo ve apane jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa ke pRSTha 366 maM unake prativAcintAmaNi' nAmaka saMskRta grantha kA paricaya karAyA hai| usase unakI usa vidveSa rUpa pariNati kA sahaja hI pardAphAza ho jAtA hai| sAjiyA meM kASThA saMgha ke bhaTTArakoM kI gaddI thI, jo aba nahIM hai| bha0 vidyAbhUSaNa sa0 1604 meM ukta paTTa para maujUda the| ukta samvat meM unake upadeza se pArzvanAtha kI mUrti kA pratiSThA hUMdaDa 1. 01566 varSe kA0 baMdi 2 sobhe kAchA saMthe narasiMhapurA jAtIya nAgara motre bha0 ratnazrI bhA0 lIlA nitya praNamati ma0 zrI vizvasena pratiSThA / - bha0 sampradAya pR0 269

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4 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 jJAtIya anantamatI ne karAI thii| zrIbhUSaNa ukta paTTa para kaba pratiSThita hue isakA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM milatA / kintu pANDava purANa ke saM0 1657 ko prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki ve ukta paTTa para pratiSThita ho cuke the / saM0 1634 meM inakA zvetAmbaroM se bAda huA thA jisase unheM deza tyAga karanA par3A thaa| inhoMne bAdicandra ko bhI bAda meM parAjita kiyA thA / zrIbhUSaNa ke ziSya bha0 candrakIti ne apane guru zrIbhUSaNa ko saccAritra taponidhi, vidvAnoM ke abhimAna zikhara ko toDane vAlA vactra, aura syAdvAdavidyAcaraNa batalAyA hai / yaha pratiSThAcArya bhI the / inhoMne saM0 1636 meM pArzvanAtha kI mUrti sthApita kI thii| aura saM0 1660 meM padmAvatI kI mUrti kI pratiSThA kI thI / tatpaTTAmbara bhUSaNaMkatariNaH syAdvAdavidyAciNo | 1| vinda kulAbhimAna zikharI pradhvaMsatIbrAzaniH / saccAritra taponidhidharmanivaro vidvatsu ziSyaM brajaH, zrI zrIbhUSaNa sUrirAT bijayet zrI kASThA saMghANI // 72 Apako nimna kRtiyA~ upalabdha haiM pANDava purANa, zAntinAtha purANa, harivaMza purANa, ananta vrata pUjA, jyeSTha jinavara vratodyApana caturviMzati tIrthakara pUjA, dvAdazAma pUjA / pANDava purANa - isa meM pANDadoM kA carita aMkita gayA hai, jisakI zloka saMkhyA chaha hajAra sAta sau batalAI gaI hai / kavi ne isa grantha ko vi0 samvata 1657, pUsa mahIne kI zukla pakSa kI tRtIyA ravivAra ke dina pUrNa kiyA hai zrI vikramArka samayAgata SoDazArka satsuMbarAkRti vare zubhavatsare vaM / varSe kRtaM sukhakaraM supurANametat paMcAzaduttara susapta yute ( 1657) vareNye || pausa mAse tathA zukle nakSatre tRtiyAdine / 110 ravivAre zubheyoge caritaM nirmitaM mayA / 111 zAntinAtha purANa - isameM bhagavAna zAntinAtha kA jIvana paricaya aMkita hai jisakI padya saMkhyA 4025 batalAI gaI hai / prazasti meM kavi ne apanI paTTa paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / kavi ne isa grantha ko saM0 1659 meM magazira ke mahIne kI trayodazI ko saujitra meM neminAtha ke samIpa pUrA kiyA hai- saMvatsaraM SoDazanAmadhye ekonazatvaSThiyute (1656) vareNye | zrI mArga zIrSa racita mayAhi zAstraM ca vaSa vimala vizuddhaM / / 462 trayodazI sahivase vizuddha vAre gurau zAnti jinasya ramyaM / purANayeta dvipulaM vizAlaM jIyAzciraM puNyakaraM narANAm // 463 ( yugma ) harivaMza purANa - isa grantha kI prati terahapaMthI bar3A mandira jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai, jisa kA racanA kAla saM0 1675 caitra zuklA trayodazI hai| (jaina grantha sUcI bhA0 2 0 218 ) zeSa pUjA grantha haiM, unakI pratiyA~ sAmane na hone se unakA paricaya denA zakya nahIM hai| bhaTTAraka candrakoti kASThAsaMgha nanditaragaccha vidyAgaNa ke bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa ke paTTadhara ziSya the / acche vidvAna the| inhoMne apane thoM ke anta meM jo prazasti dI hai usameM nanditaTa gaccha ke bhaTTArakoM kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai| candrakIti kahAM ke paTTadhara the, usakA spaSTa nirdeza nahIM milaa| usa samaya sojitrA ke atirikta anya sthAnoM para bhI kASThAsaMgha ke paTTa rahe 1. saM0 1604 varSe vaizAkha vadI 11 zukra kASThA saMghe nandI taTagacche vidyAgaNe bhaTTAraka rAmasenAnvaye bha0 zro vizAla kIrti tatpaTTe bhaTTAraka zrI vizvasena tatpaTe bha0 vidyAbhUSana pratiSThita gaDa jAtIya gRhIta dIkSA bAI ananta nityaM praNamati /

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15vIM, 16vI, 17vIM aura 15vI zAdI ke AkArSa, bhaTTAraka aura kavi haiN| candrakIti ne dakSiNa ko yAtrA karate hue kAverI nadI ke tAra para narasiMha paTTana meM kRSNa bhaTTa ko bAda meM parAjita kiyA thaa| yaha 17voM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| inakI nimna racanAeM upalabdha haiM. pAvapurANa, vRSabhadeva purANa, kathAkoza, padmapurANa, paMca marU pUjA, anaMtatratapUjA aura nandIzvara vidhAna prAdi / pArzvapurANa-15 sargoM meM vibhakta hai, jisakI padya saMkhyA 2715 hai| isameM tevIsa tIrthakara pAzvanAtha kA carita vaNita hai / kavi ne isakI racanA devagiri nAmaka manohara nagara ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM vi0 saM0 1654 ke vaizAkha zuklA saptamI guruvAra ko samApta kI hai| zrImaddevagirI manoharapare zrIpAzrthanAthAlaye, yarSandhI purasaMka meva (1654) iha va shriivikrmaaNkeshvr| saptamyA guruvAsare zravaNa bhe vaMzAkhamAse site, pAzrvAdhIzapurANamuttamamidaM paryAptamevottaram / / (pAzva0 pra0) vRSabhadeva purANa- isameM prAdinAtha vA carita vaNita hai| yaha 25 sagoM meM samApta hamA hai| kavi ne isa grantha meM racanA kAla ha. ciyA, ataH yA sagannIlana kiye binA yaha nizcaya karanA kaThina hai ki inameM kauna anya pahale banA, aura kauna bAda meN| kathA koza-meM sapta paramasthAna ke vratoM kI kathAeM dI huI haiM, / grantha do adhikAroM meM samApta huA hai| grantha meM racanA kAla diyA hayA nahIM hai| anya grantha sAmane na hone se unakA paricaya danA sambhava nahIM hai| granthakartA kavi candrakIti 17vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha ke vidvAna haiN| bha0 sakalabhUSaNa mUlasaMgha sthita nandisaMgha aura sarasvatI gaccha ke bhaTTAraka vijaya kIrti ke paziSya aura bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke ziSya evaM bhaTTAraka sumati koti ke gurubhrAtA the| bha. sumatikIrti bhI zubhacandra ke ziSya the aura unake zada paTTa para baiThe the| bha0 sakalabhupaga ne nemicandrAcArya Adi yatiyoM ke grAmaha tathA vardhamAna TolA Adi kI prArthanA se upadeza ratnamAlA nAma ke bhrantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1627 meM dhAvaNa zuklA paSThI ke dina samApta kI hai| 1 isa grantha meM 18 adhyAya aura tIna hajAra tIna sau terAsI (3383) padya haiN| inakI dUsarI kRti 'mallinAthacaritra' hai, jisakI prati bUdI ke abhinandana svAmI ke mandira ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM upalabdha hai| anya racanAe anveSaNIya haiM / kavi kA samaya 17 vIM pAtAbdI hai| ma. dharmakoti malasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha ora balAtkAra gaNa ke vidvAna bhaTAraka lalitakIti ke ziSya the / lalitakIti mAlavA kI gaddI ke bhaTTAraka the| prastuta dharmakIti kI do racanAeM upalabdha haiM padmapurANa aura harivaMza purANa / pana purANa kI racanA kavi ne raviSeNa ke padma carita ko dekhakara mAlava deza meM saM0 1666 meM zrAvaNa mahIne kI tatiyAzanivAra ke dina pUrNa kI thI / aura harivaMza purANa bhI usI mAlavA meM saM0 1671 ke pAzvina mahIne kI kRSNA paMcamI 1. saptaviMzatyadhike poDazazatavatsa reSu (1627) vikramataH / zrAvaNamAse zukla pakSe SaSThyA kRto granthaH / 235 -jaMna grantha pra0 saM0 110 20 2. jaina grantha sUcI bhA0 5 10 366 6. "saMvatsare dvayaSTa zate manoneM caikona saptatyadhike (1666) sumAse / zrI zrAvaNe sUryadine tRtIyAtithau ca dezeSu hi mAlaveSu / / (pA pu0pra0)

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542 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 ravivAra ke dina pUrNa kiyA thA / dharmakIrti ne ina granthoM meM apanI guru paramparA kA ullela kiyA hai, vaha nimna prakAra hai- devendrakIti, triloka kIrti, sahastrakIti, padmanantrI, yazaH koti, lalitakIti aura dharmakoti / kavi kA samaya vikramako 17vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha haiN| kavi kI anya racanAe anveSaNIya haiM / bha0 guNacandra yaha mUla saMgha sarasvatIccha balAtkAra gaNa ke vidvAna the / yaha bha0 ratnakIti ke dvArA dIkSita aura yazaH kIti ke ziSya the| ina ke pUjA grantha hI upalabdha haiN| anya koI mahatva kI racanAeM avalokana karane meM nahIM thAI | yaha 17vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| bha0 guNacandra ne vAgvara (vAgaDa ) deza ke sAgavADA ke nivAsI kuMbaDa yA hUmaDa vaMzI seTha haraSacanda durgAdAsa kI preraNA se unake vrata ke udyApanArtha saM0 1633 meM vahAM ke prAdinAtha caityAlaya meM 800 zlokoM meM 'anatajina vrata pUjA' kI racanA kI tho saMzaya phulake ( 1633) pakSe'vadAte tithI, paJca guruvAsare purujine zrI zAkabhAgapure / zrImaddha umbaDa vaMza padma savitAharSAkhyadurgA vaNik, so'yaM kAritavAnanaMta jinasapUjAMbare vAgvare // jaina grantha pradA0 saM0 200 10 24 maunavrata kathA aura anya aneka pUjA grantha inake banAye hue kahe jAte haiM, para sAmane na hone se unake sambandha meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / bhaTTAraka ratnacandra yaha huMdaDa jAti ke mahIpAla vaizya aura campA devI ke putra the / tathA mUlasaMgha sarasvatigaccha ke bhaTTAraka sakalacandra ke ziSya the| inhoMne apanI guru paramparA ke bhaTTArakoM kA ullekha nimna prakAra diyA hai padmanandI sakala kIrti, bhuvanakIti, ratnakIti, maMDalAcArya yazaH kIrti, guNacandra, jinacandra, sakalacandra aura ratnacandra / ratnacandra syAdvAda ke jAnakAra the| inakI ekamAtra racanA subhImacakravartI caritra hai, jo sAta sagoM meM samApta huA hai / kavi ne isa graMtha ko vi0 saM0 1603 meM bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI guruvAra ke dina samApta kiyA yaha vikrama kI 17vIM (aura IsA kI 1627 satrahavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the / / bhaTTAraka ratna candra ne yaha grantha khaMDelavAla vaMzotpanna hemarAja pATanI ke liye banAyA thA, jo sammeda zikhara kI yAtrArtha bha0 ratnacandra ke sAtha gaye the / hemarAja kI dharmapatnI kA nAma 'hamora' thA / yaha vAgvara devasesthita sAgavAr3A ke nivAsI the / kavi ne grantha budha tejapAla kI sahAyatA se banAyA thaa| / I vAdi vidyAnanda vidyAnanda nandi saMgha, kundakundAnvaya balAtkAragaNa aura bhAratIgaccha ke prAcArya the / yaha apane samaya ke 1. yaSTazate caikAnasaptatyadhike (1671) rakho / azvine kRSNa paMcAM grantho'yaM racitaM mayA / / " - harivaMza pu0 pra0 2. saMvate posApAne vyazIti vatsarAMkite / mAsi bhAdra pade zveta paMcampAM guruvAra ke // 11 3. grantha kA puSpikA vAkya isa prakAra hai :-- iti zrI subhamacaritre sUri zrIsakala candrAnucara bhaTTAraka zrI ratnacandra viracite vibudhatejapAla hAya sopa zrIkhaNDela bAlAnvaya paNa gotrAmbarAditya zreSThi hemarAjanAmakile subhImanarakaprApti varNano nAma saptamasa (jaina grantha pra0 50 62 )

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15vIM 16, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 543 1 acche vidvAna, tArkika aura vAdI rUpa meM prasiddha the / inakA ullekha zaka saM0 1452 (60 san 1530 ) meM utkIrNa hue humbanake nagara tAlluka lekha naM0 46 meM huA hai / varddhamAna munIndra ne, jo inhIM vidyAnanda ke ziSya aura bandhu the, unhoMne zaka saM0 1464 (san 1542 ) meM samApta hue dazabhaktayAdi mahAzAstra meM unakA khUba stavana kiyA hai| yaha vidyAnanda vijaya nagara sAmrAjya ke samakAlIna haiN| inhoMne majarAja, devarAja, kRSNarAja Adi aneka rAjAdhoM kI sabhA meM jAkara zAstrArtha kiye aura unameM vijaya prApta kara yaza aura pratiSThA prApta kI / inhoMne gerusoDaye, koyaNa aura zravaNa belagola Adi sthAnoM meM aneka dhArmika kArya sampanna kiye| inake devendra kIti, varddhamAna munIndra Adi aneka ziSya the| inameM varddhamAna munIndra ne dazabhaktayAdi mahAzAstra aura varAMga carita kI racanA kI hai'| svargIya Ara0 narasiMhAcArya kA anumAna hai ki ye vidyAnanda bhallAtakI pura (gairasoppe ) ke nivAsI the / aura inhoMne 'kAvyasAra' ke atirikta eka aura grantha kI racanA kI thii| svargavAsa vAkya se prakaTa hai : ka saM 0 1463 (san 1541 ) meM huA thA jaisA ki dazabhaktayAdi mahAzAstra ke nimna "zoka veda kharAbdhi candra kalite saMvatsare zAyare, zuddha zrAvaNabhAkkRtAnta meye gharaNotu maMtra chau / afesthe samurau jinasmaraNato vArIndravRndAcitaH / vidyAnanda sunIzvaraH sagatavAn svarge cidAnandakaH // - prazastisaM0 pR0 125 brahma kAmarAja mUlasaMgha balAtkAra gaNa ke bhaTTAraka padmanandI ke anya meM hue haiN| yaha bhaTaTAraka sakalabhUSaNa ke praziSya aura narendra kIrti ke ziSya brahma sahalAda varNI ke ziSya the| inhoMne bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke sAdi purANa ko dekhakara mevADa meM zaka saM0 1555 phAlguna mahIne meM (san 1633 vi0 saM0 1661 ) meM jaya purANa nAma ke grantha kI racanA kI hai racanA sAdhAraNa hai| kavi kA samaya vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI hai / brahma rAyamalla nAma 'mA' aura mAtA kA nAma campAdevI thA / yaha samAzrita grIvApura ke candraprabha jinAlaya meM vargIkarmasI zuklA paMcamI buddhavAra ke dina banAI thI / bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke paTTadhara the| inakI hindI hanumanta kathA, pradyumnacarita, sudarzanasAra, nirdoSasaptamI inakA janma huMbaDa vaMza meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA jina caraNoM ke upAsaka the| inhoMne mahAsAgara ke taTa bhAga meM ke vacanoM se 'bhaktAmara stotra ko vRtti saM0 1667 meM ASADha brahma rAyamalla muni anantakIrti ke ziSya the, jo gujarAtI mizrita 7-8 racanAeM upalabdha hunemIzvararAMsa, vrata kathA, zrIpAlarAsa aura bhaviSyadatta kathA | inakA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI hai / 1. dekho, anekAnta varSa 26 kiraNa 210 82 2. prazastisaMgraha pR0 144 3. rASTrasyaitatpurANaM zaka manujavate meMdapATasya puryAM 1 pazcAtsaMvatsarasya praracitapaTataH paMca paMcAyato hi / prabhrAbhrakSaika saMvacdharaniviyuja: ( 1555) phAlguNe mAmi pUrNe | mukhyAyAmaudA sukavinagino lAlajiSNodana vAkyAt // jenavanya pra0 pR0 36 4. saptaSaSThyaM kile varSe SoDaNAkhye hi saMtrate (1667) / AdhA zveta pakSasya paMcamyAM dudhabArake 11 grIvApure mahAsiMdho svabhAgaM samAzrite / prastuMga durgaM saMyukte zrIcandraprabhavati || varNinaH karmasInAmno vacanAt mayakA'raci / bhaktAmarasya sadvRttiH ratyabhallena vaNinAH // 10 jaina grantha pra0 pu0 100

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAsa 2 mUla saMgha 'kundakundAnvaya sarasvatI gaccha aura balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka vAdibhUSaNa ke paTTadhara ziSya the, aura bhaTTAraka jJAnakIti padma kIrti ke guru bhAI the / "zrI mUlasaMdhe ca sarasvatIti gacche balAtkAragaNe prasiddhe / zrI kundakundAcayake yatIza zrIvAdibhUSo jayatIha loke // 56 tadagura vandhurbhuvana samayaH paMkajakItiH sUri pAdato madana vimuktaH sadguNarA vijayatu ciraM saH // 56 parama pavitraH / ziSyasyomakIrti zrI sUricAlpa suzAstravettA" nAmA jJAnakIrti kI ekamAtra racanA 'yazodhara carita' hai, jisameM rAjA yazodhara aura candramatI kA jIvana-paricaya diyA huA hai / kavi ne isa grantha ko baMgadeza meM sthita campAnagarI ke samIpa 'kacchapura' (akabarapura ) nAmaka nagara ke AdinAtha caityAlaya meM vikrama saM0 1656 meM mAghazukla paMcamI zukravAra ke dina banAkara pUrNa kiyA' / bhaTTAraka jJAnakIrti ne sAha nAnU kI prArthanA aura budha jayacandra ke zrAgraha meM isa grantha kI racanA kI thii| sAha nAnU vairikula ko jItane vAle rAjA mAnasiMha ke mahAmAtya (pradhAnamaMtrI the / ) khaNDelavAla vaMzabhUSaNa govA gotrIya sAha rUpacandra ke suputra the / sAha rUpacandra jaise zrImanta the vaise hI samudAra, dAtA, guNajJa aura jinapUjana meM tatpara rahate the| bhraSTApada zaila para jisa taraha bharata cakravartI ne jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA thA, usI taraha sAhU nAnU ne bhI sammedala para nirvANa prApta vIsa tIrthakaroM ke mandira banavAne the aura unakI aneka bAra yAtrA bhI kI thI / 544 paMDita rUpacandra yaha kucha nAma ke deza meM sthita salemapura ke nivAsI the| prApa agravAla vaMza ke bhUSaNa aura garga gotrI the / Apake pitAmaha kA nAma mAmaTa aura pitA kA nAma bhagavAnadAsa thaa| bhagavAnadAsa kI do patniyAM thIM / jinameM prathama se brahmadAsa nAma ke putra kA janma huaa| aura dUsarI 'cAco' se pAMca putra samutpanna hue the - harirAja, bhUpati, abhayarAja, korticandra aura rUpacandra / inameM antima rUpacandra ho prasiddha kavi the aura jaina siddhAnta ke acche marmajJa vidvAna the| ve jJAna prApti ke liye banArasa gaye the aura vahAM se zabda artha rUpa sudhArasa kA pAna kara dariyApura meM lauTakara Aye the / dariyApura vartamAna meM bArAbaMkI aura ayodhya ke madhyavatI sthAna meM basA huA hai, jise dariyAbAda bhI kahA jAtA hai / vahA~ dhAja bhI jainiyoM kI bastI hai aura jina mandira banA huA hai / hindI bhASA ke prasiddha kavi banArasI dAsa jI ne apane 'ardhakathAnaka' meM likhA hai ki saMvat 1692 meM 1. vAje SoDazaekonaSaSThivatsarake zubhe / mAzukle'pi paMcamayA racitaM bhRguvAsare // 61 - yazodhara ca0 pra0 2. rAmarAja tathA vibhAti zrImAn siho jita vairivargaH / anekarAjendra vinamyapAdaH svadAna saMtarpita vizvalokaH // pratAra sUryastapatIha yasya dviSAM zirassu pravidhAya pAdaM / anyAya- zudhyanti mayAsya dUraM yathAkaraM yaH pravikAzayecca / / 63 tathaiva rAjJo'sti mahAna mAtyo nAnUsunAmA vidito ghariyA / " 3. sammeda va ca jivendra gehamaSTApade vAdima cakradhArI // 64 yo kArayadyatra va tIrthanAthAH siddhi gatA vizati mAnabhuktAH / " - yazodhara 0 yazodhara ca0 pra0

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11111 aura 16bdI ke prAcArya bhaTTAraka aura kavi 14: grAgarA meM paM0 rUpacandra jI guno kA Agamana huA aura unhoMne titA sAhU ke mandira meM DerA kiyaa| usa samaya ghAgarA meM saba adhyAtmayoM ne milakara vicAra kiyA ki ukta paMDita jI se prAcArya nemicandra siddhAnta cakravartI dvArA racita gommaTasAra grantha kA vAcana karAyA jaay| cunAMce paMDita jI ne gommaTasAra grantha kA pravacana kiyA aura mAgaMgA, guNasthAna, jIvasthAna tathA karmabandhAdi ke svarUpa kA vizada vivecana kiyaa| sAtha hI kriyAkANDa aura nilaya vyavahAra nama kI yathArtha kathanI kA rahasya bhI samajhAyA dhaura yaha bhI batalAyA ki jo nae dRSTi se vihIna haiM unheM vastu svarUpa kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI tathA vastu svabhAva se rahita puruSa samyagdRSTi nahIM ho skte| paMDita rupacandra jI ke vastuvivecana se paM0 banArasI dAsa kA vaha ekAnta abhiniveza dUra ho gayA jo unheM aura unake sAthiyoM ko 'nATaka samayasAra' kI rAyamallIya TIkA ke adhyayana se ho gayA thA aura jisake kAraNa ve japa, tapa, sAmAyika pratikramaNa Adi kriyAoM ko chor3akara bhagavAna ko bar3A huA naivedya bhI khAne lage the| yaha dazA kevala banArasI dAsa jI kI nahIM huI kintu unake sAthI 'candrabhAna, udayakarana aura pAnamasla kI bhI ho gaI thii| ye cAroM hI jane nagna hokara eka koTharI meM phirate the aura kahate the ki hama munirAja haiM, hamAre pAsa kucha bhI parigraha nahIM hai| jaisA ki ardhakathAnaka ke nimna dohe se spaSTa hai : "jagana hoMhi cAroM jame phirahi koTharI mAMhi / kahi naye munirAja hama kachu parigraha nAhi / " yAMce rUpa jI ke vacanoM ko sunakara banArasI dAsa jI kA pariNamana aura rUpa hI ho gyaa| unakI dRSTi meM satyatA aura padA meM nirmalatA kA prAdurbhAva huaa| unheM apanI bhUla mAlUma huI aura unhoMne use dUra kiyaa| usa samaya unake hRdaya meM dhanuSamajJAna jyoti jAgRta ho uThI thI, aura isase unhoMne apane ko syAdvAda pariNati' se pariNata batalAyA hai| saM0 1693 meM paM0 banArasI dAsa ne prAcArya amRta candra ke 'nATaka samayasAra kalaza' kA hindI padyAnuvAda kiyA aura saMvat 1664 meM paMDita rUpacandra jI kA svargavAsa ho gayA / 1. saM0 1660 ke lagabhaga rUpacandra kA AgarA meM Agamana huA / anAyAsa isa ho samaya nagara dhAgare dhAna / rUpandra paMDita gunI prayogamajAna / / 630 binA sAhU deharA kiyA, vahA~ pAya tina deza jipa ardhakathAnaka tinakA yaha deharA 0 1659 se pahale kA banA huA hai| kavivara bhagavatI dAsa 1651 meM nirmita argalapura jinamaMdira ke pakSa meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| 2. saba mAmI kiyo vicAra, graMtha baMcAyo gommaTasAra / tAme gunAnaka paravAna kahyo jJAna yaha kriyA vidhAna // 3. anAyAsa isahI samaya nagara mAre thAna, rUpacandra paNDita gunI Ayo AgamajAna | kiyA Apa jina DerA nayA meM guta yAnaka garavAna kahyo jJAna aru kriyA vidhAna / jo jiye jisagunayAnaka hoi, jaisI kiyA kareM satra ko 632 bhinna-bhinna vivaraNa vistAra antaraniyata ra vyavahAra sabakI kathA kaho, muninA rahI 33 sam barasI orahi bhayo, spAdvAda pariNati pariyo / pa irUpacandra guru pAsa, sunyo grantha mana bhayo hulAsa // 634 phira tisa samaya barasa ke bISa, rUpacaMdra ko AI mIca / suna-suna rUpacandra ke caina, banArasI bhayo dina 615 bArIkiyI vicAra dhanya banAyo gommaTa 31 akSaM kathAnaka

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 ardha kathAnaka ke isa ullekha se mAlUma hotA hai ki prastuta pAMDe rUpacandra hI ukta 'samavasaraNa pATha' ke racayitA haiM ki ukta pATha bhI saMvat 1662 meM racA ma racA gayA hai aura paM0 banAraso dAsa jo ne ukta ghaTanA kA samaya bhI ardhakathAnaka meM saM0 1612 diyA hai| ki ukta pATha prAgare ko ghaTanA se pUrva ho racA gayA thA, isase prazasta meM usakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA / paM0 banArasI dAsa ne nATaka samayasAra ko racanA saM. 1693 meM samApta kI hai| prora sa. 1664 meM rUpacandra kI mRtyu ho gii| ataH nATaka samayasAra prazasti meM pAMca vidvAnoM meM paM. rUpacandra prayama kA ulAkha kiyA hai| ve vahI rUpacandra haiM jo AgarA meM saM0 1660 ke lagabhaga Aye the| inakI saMskRta bhASA kI ekamAtra kRti 'samavasaraNa pATha amavA kevala jJAna kalyANA hai| isameM jana tIrthakara ke kevalajJAna prApta kara lene para jo antarvAhya vibhati prApta hotA hai, athavA jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAbaraga, mohanIya aura antarAyarUpa dhAtiyA narmoM ke vinAza se ananta catuSTaya rUpa prAtma nidhi kI samupalabdhi hotA hai usakA varNana hai| sAtha hI bAhya meM jo samavasaraNAdi vibhUti kA pradarzana hotA hai vaha saba unake guNAtizaya athavA puNyAtizaya kA mahatva hai-ve usa vibhUti se sarvathA alipta antarIkSa meM virAjamAna rahate hai aura bIta muga vijJAna rUpa Atma-nidhi ke dvArA jagata kA kalyANa karate haiM, sasAra ke dukhI prANiyoM ko usase chuTakArA pAne mora zAzvaH tuja prApta karane kA sugama mAgaM batalAte haiN| kavi ne isa pATha kI racanA AcArya jinamena ke Adi pUrANa gata 'samavasaraNa' viSayaka kathana ko dRSTi meM rakhate hae kI hai| prastuta grantha dillI ke bAdazAha jahAMgIra ke patra zAhajahA~ ke rAjya kAla meM gaMvan 1661 ke aAzvina mahIne ke kRSNa pakSa meM navamI guruvAra ke dina, siddhi yoga meM aura punarvasu nakSatra meM samAna humA hai jaisA ki usake nimna padya se spaSTa hai: zrImatsaMvatsare'sminnarapati nuta pavikramAditya rAjye'tIte daganaMda bhadrAzukrata parimite (1662) kRSNapakSe ca mAse / devAcArya pracAre zubhanavamatithI siddhayoge prasiddha / paunarvasvitpuGasthe (?) samavasatimahaM prApta mAptA samApti / paM. rUpacandra ne kevala jJAna kalyANaka pUjA' ke banavAne meM preraka bhagavAnadAsa ke kuTumba kA vistRta paricaya diyA hai jo isa prakAra hai: mUla saMghAntargata nandisaMgha, balAtkAragaNa, sarasvatI gaccha ke prasiddha kundakundAnvaya meM vAdI rUpI hastiyoM ke mada ko bhedana karane vAle siMhakIti hue / unake paTTa para dharmakIrti, dharmakIti ke paTTa para jJAnabhUSaNa, zAnabhaSaNA ke paTTa para bhAratI bhUSaNa tapasvI bhavArakoM dvArA abhinandanIya vigata duSaNa bhaTTAraka jagatabhUSaNa hue| inhIM bha. jagabhUSaNa kI golApUrva' AmnAya meM divyanayana hue| unakI patnI kA nAma durgA thaa| usame do putra hue| - - ---- -- 1. yaha upajAdhi hai jo aitihAsika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa nahI hai| isakA nivAsa adhivanara buMde nakhaNDa meM pAyA jAtA hai yaha sAgara, damoha jabalapura, chatarapura, pannA, satanA, rIvA, ahAra, mahotrA, nAbaI, ye nA, hirI dillI aura gvAliyara ke ArA-pAsa ke sthAnoM meM bhI nivAsa karate haiN| 12vIM aura 16vI dAdI ke muni negoM meM isako samRddhi kA anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isa jAti kA nikAsa 'gollAgar3ha' (gonAkora) ko pUrva dizA se huA hai| usakI pUrva dizA meM rahane vAle gojapUrva khlaae| yaha jAti kisI samaya zvApu vaMzI kSazci shrii| kintu vyApAra Adi karane ke kAraNa vaNikoM meM inakI gaNanA hone lgii| gvAliyara ke pAsa kitane hI gonApUrva vidvAnoM ne grantha racanA aura maya pratilipi karavAI hai| gvAliyara ke antargata zyopura (zivapurI) meM RSi dhanarAja golAparva ne saM0 1664 se kucha hI samaya pUrva bhavyAnaMda paMcAsikA' (bhaktAmara kA bhAvA padyAnuvAda) kiyA thA aura unake pitaSya jinadAsa ke putra sAgasena (asisena) ne pandraha-pandraha padoM kI eka saMskRta jayamAlA banAI thii| isakI eka jorNa-zIeM sacitra prati mUni kAntisAgara jI ke pAsa tho| dhanarAja kA hindI padyAnuvAda pADe hemarAja

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15vIM, 16vauM, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi cakrasena aura mitrasena / cakrasena kI patnI kA nAma kRSNAvatI thA, aura usase kevalasena tathA dharma sena nAma ke do putra hue| mitrasena kI dharmapatnI kA nAma pramoza ! jamalI ko gugapatra hue| inameM prathama putra kA nAma bhagavAnadAsa thA, jo bar3AhI. pratApI aura gaMdha kA nAyaka thaa| aura dUsarA putra harivaMza bhI dharma premI aura guNa sampanna thA / bhagavAna dAsa kI dharmapatnI kA nAma kezaride thaa| usase tIna putra utpanna hue the-mahAsena, jinadAsa aura munisUtrata / saMghAdhipa bhagavAnadAsa ne jinendra bhagavAna kI pratiSThA karAI thI aura saMgharAja kI padavI ko prApta kiyA thaa| vaha dAna meM karNa ke samAna thaa| inhIM bhagavAnadAsa kI preraNA se paMDita rUpacandra jI ne prastuta pATha kI racanA kI thii| paMDita rUpacandra jI ne isa grantha ko prazasti meM netrasiMha nAma ke apane eka pradhAna ziSya kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, para ve kauna the aura kahAM ke nivAsI the, yaha kucha mAlUma nahIM ho skaa| ukta saskRta pATha ke atirikta kabi rUpacandra kA hindI bhASA kI nimna kRtiyAM upalabdha haiM, jinameM rUpacandra dohAzataka, paMcamaMgala pATha, neminAtha rAsa, jakar3I aura khaTolanA gIta prAdi haiN| sumatikoti mUla saMgha sthita nandisaMgha sarasvatIgaccha balAtkAragaNa aura kundakundAnvaya ke vidvAna bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke paTTadhara the| bhaTTAraka lakSmIcandra inake dIkSA guru aura bha0 vIranandra zikSAguru the| sAtha meM sumatikIrti ne jJAnabhUpaNa ko guru mAnakara namaskAra kiyA hai| inhoMne prAkRta paMcasaMgraha kI saMskRta TIkA hasA brahmacArI ke upadeza se vi0 saM0 1620 meM bhAdrapada zuklA dazamI ke dina IDara ke AdinAtha mandira meM banAkara samApta ko hai| paMcasaMgraha meM jIva samAsa, prakRti samutkIrtana, karmastava zataka aura saptati ina pAMca prakaraNoM kA saMgraha hai| prAkula saMgraha kI yaha mUla prAkRta racanA bahuta purAnI hai| isa para papanandI kI prAkAta vRtti bhI hai| isa paMcasagraha kA 10vI 11vIM zatAbdI meM to saMskRtakaraNa zrIpAla suta DaDDhA aura amitagati ne kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu paMcasaMgraha kI prAkRta gAthAeM dhabalA meM uddhRta pAI jAtI hai| sambhavata: mUla paMcasaMgraha prakalaMka deva ke sAmane bhI rahA hai| paM0 AzAdhara jI ne mulArAdhanA darpaNa nAma kI TIkA meM isakI 5 gAthAeM uddhata ko haiN| isake uttara taMtrakartA lohAyariyA bhaTTAraka praya bhUdima mAyariyA vAkya se prAtma bhUti AcArya jAna par3ate haiN| isase isakI prAmANikatA aura prAcInatA jhalakatI hai / bhaTTAraka sumatikIti ne isakI TIkA 17vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvAdhaM meM banAI hai| sumatikIti ne dharmaparIkSA nAma kA eka grantha gujarAto bhASA meM 1625 meM banAyA hai| ai050 dina sarasvatA bhavana vambaI kI sUcI meM 'uttara chattIso' nAmaka eka saMskRta grantha hai jo gaNita viSaya para likhA gayA hai, usake kartA bhI sambhavataH yahI sumatikoti haiN| saM0 1627 meM trilokasAra rAsa ko racanA kodAdA zahara meM kii| kI dIkA se pUrvavartI haiM / mUti lekhoM aura mandiroM kI vizAlatA se golApUndhiya gauravAnvita hai| vartamAna meM bhI usake pAsa aneka ziyaravanda mandira vidyamAna haiN| golA pUrvAnvaya ke saMvat 1168,1202, 1207.1213 bhora 13. Adi ke aneka lekha hai| jinase isa jAti kI sampannatA para acchA prakAza par3atA hai / isa upajAti meM bhI aka praniriTana vidvAna, granthakAra, aura zrIsampanna parivAra rahe haiN| vartamAna meM bhI aneka DAkTara, AcArya aura vidvAna evaM vyAkhyAtA Adi haiN| vizeSa paricaya ke lie dekheM 'zilAlekhoM meM gosApUrvAnvaya' bhanekAnta varSa 24, f+0 3 pR. 102 1. "tatva guNa gAma mArAhaNA idi / ki kAraNaM ? jeNa ArASijante azAgra dasarA-gAe-barittantavANi ti| pAtArA nividhA-mUlatatakttA, uttarataMta kattA, uttarosara taMta kattA cedi / tatva mUlatata kattA bhayava mahAvIro / uttaratanakattA godama bhayavado / utarottarataMtakattA lohAyariyA bhaTTAraka appa bhUdia AyariyA / " -paMca saM0 543,44)

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa - bhAga 2 yaha pratiSThAcArya bhI the| inhoMne samvat 1622 vaizAkha sudI 3 somavAra ke dina eka mUrti kI pratiSThA karAI thI / inakA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI hai / 546 bhaTTAkalaMkadeva yaha saMgha dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha kundakundAnvaya ke cArukIti paMDitAcArya kA ziSya thA / isane apane guru kA paricaya nimna vAkyoM meM diyA hai-"mUla saMgha - dezIyagaNa pustakagaccha ku dakundAnvaya- virAjamAna zrImadrAyarAja guru maNDalAcArya mahAvAdi vAdIzvara vAdipitA maha sakala vidvajjana cakravativallAlarAya jIvarakApAla ketyAdi kAnti farnii virAjamAna zrImantAkati deivAcArya ziSya paramparApATha zrI saMgItapura siMhAsana paTTAcArya zrImadakalaMka devanu" / kavi kI ekamAtra kRti 'karNATaka zabdAnuzAsana' nAma kA vyAkaraNa hai| jise kavi ne zaka saM0 1526 ( I0 san 1604 ) meM nirmita kiyA hai / vilegiyAtAlu ke eka zilAlekha se isako paramparA viSayaka kucha bAteM jJAta hotI haiM / devacandra ne apanI 'rAjAvalI kathe' meM likhA hai ki sudhApura ke bhaTTAkalaMka svAmI sarvazAstra par3hakara mahA vidvAna hue / inhoMne prAkRta saMskRta mAgadhI Adi SaT bhASAkavi ho kara karNATaka vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI / yaha kanar3I bhASA kA vyAkaraNa hai isameM 4 pAda aura 592 sUtra haiN| ina sUtroM para bhASA maMjarI nAma kI vRtti aura maMjarImakaraMda nAma kA vyAkhyAna hai / sUtra, vRtti, aura vyAkhyAna tInoM hI saMskRta meM haiM / prAcIna kanar3I kaviyoM ke granthoM para se aneka udAharaNa diye haiN| karNATaka bhASA bhUSaNa kI apekSA yaha vistRta vyAkaraNa hai / yaha kanar3I bhASA kA acchA vyAkaraNa hai| kavi ne isameM apane se pUrvavartI nimna kaviyoM-paMpa, honna, ranna, nAgacandra, nemicandra, rUdrabhaTTa, bhAgala, aMDayya, madhura kA smaraNa kiyA hai| kavi kA samaya IsA kI 17vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa (1604 ) hai | ( karnATaka kavi carita) kavi bhagavatIdAsa sakalacandra ke praziSya paTTadhara bha0 yaha kASThAsaMdha mAthuragaccha puSkara gaNa ke vidvAna bhaTTAraka guNacandra ke aura bhaTTAraka mahendrasena ke ziSya the| mahendra sena dillI kI bhaTTArakIya gaddI ke paTTadhara the / inako abhI taka koI racanA dekhane meM nahIM prAI aura na koI pratiSThita mUrti hI prApta huI hai| isase inake sambandha meM vizeSa vicAra karanA sambhava nahIM hai / bha0 mahendra sena prastuta bhagavatIdAsa ke guru the, isIse unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM unakA mAdara ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai| yaha bur3hiyA jilA ambAlA ke nivAsI the| inake pitA kA nAma kisanadAsa thA aura jAti agravAla aura gotra vaMsala thaa| inhoMne caturtha vaya meM munivrata dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| yaha saMskRta prAkRta apabhraMza bha0 zrI vijayakIrti devAH tatpaTTe bha0 zrI zubhacadra devAH anekAnta varSa 40 503 1. saMvat 1622 vaMzAsa sudi 3 some zrI kundakundAnvaye tatpaTTe bha0 sumatikoti gurUpadezAt bruvaDa zAtIya gA rAmA bhAryA vIrA 2. bUDiyA pahale eka choTI sI riyAsata thI, jo mugala kAla meM dhana-dhAnyAdi se khUba samRddha nagarI thii| jagAdharI ke basa jAne se bur3hiyA kI adhikAMza AbAdI vahA~ calI gaI bhrAjakala vahAM khaNDahara adhika ho gaye haiM, jo usake gata vaibhava kI smRti ke sUcaka hai| 3. gurumuni mAhidasena bhagotI tisa pada paMkaja raMna bhagatI / kisanadAsa variNa tanuja bhagotI, turiye mahiu vrata muni ju bhagotI // nagara duDhiye varksa bhagotI, janmabhUmi hai zrAsi bhagotI / agravAla kula baMsala gotI, paNDita padajana nirakha magotI ||83 - vRhatsItA satu, salAvA prati

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15vI, 16vI, 17vI aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke prAcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi aura hindI bhASA ke acche vidvAna kavi the| inako adhikAMza racanAeM hindI padya meM likhI gaI haiM, jinako saMkhyA 60 ke lagabhaga hai| unameM kaI racanAeM bhASA sAhitya kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiM, jaise anekArtha nAmamAlA (koSa) sItAsata, TaMDANArAsa, mAditya vratarAsa, khicar3I rAsa Adi' | inako saba upalabdha racanAe' saMvat 1651 se 1704 taka kI upalabdha hai, jo cakasA bAdazAha akabara jahAMgIra aura zAhajahA ke rAjya meM racI gaI hai| jyotiSa maura vaidyaka kI racanAoM ko prazasti saskRta ma racI thI, racanA hindA padyA meM hai jo kArajA ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita haiN| inake race aneka pada aura gIta mAdi bhA milate haiN| racanAoM meM anaka racanA-sthaloM kA ullekha kiyA hai| unameM bur3hiyA (prambAlA) dillo, AgarA, hisAra, kapitthala, siharadi Adi / kavi ko racanAe manapUro, dillI, ajamera Adi ke zAstra bhaMDAroM meM upalabdha hai| kavi kI saba racanAe saMbat 1651 se 1704 taka kI upalabdha hotI haiM / ataeva kavi kA kArya kAla 54 varSa hai| kavi kI apabhraza bhASA ko tIna racanAeM upalabdha haiM-mRgAMka lekhAcariu, sugaMdhadasamI kahA aura mukuTa saptamI kthaa| magAMka lekhAcarita meM cAra saMdhiyA hai jinameM kavi ne candralekhA aura sAgaracanda ke carita varNana karate hue pakA kezIlataH mAhAtmya khyApita kiyA hai| candralekhA vipadA ke samaya sAhasa aura dhaiyaM kA paricaya detI haI apane zolavata se jarA bhI vicalita nahIM hoto, pratyuta usameM sthira rahakara apane satItva kA jo prAdarza upasthita kiyA hai, vaha anukaraNIya hai / grantha kI bhASA apabhraMza hote hue bhI hindI ke atyadhika najadIka hai| sA ki usake dohoM se spaSTa hai sasilehA Niyakrata sama, dhAraI saMjamu sAra jammaNu maraNa jalaMjalI, dANa suyaNu bhava-tAra // kari taNu tau siupura gayaja, so vaNi sAyaracaMdu / sasilehA suravara bhaI taji tiya-taNu praNidu // mukuTa saptamI kathA meM mukuTa saptamI vrata ko anuSThAna-vidhi kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| sugaMdhadasamI kathA meM "bhAdrapada zuklA dasamI ke vrata kA vidhAna aura usake phala kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zeSa sabhI racanAeM hindI kI haiN| kavi kA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha aura aThArahavIM kA pUrvArdha hai| bha. siMhanandI mUlasaMgha puSkara maccha ke bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke paTTa para pratiSThita hue the| inhoMne 'paMca namaskAra dIpikA' nAma kA grantha saM0 1667 meM kArtika zuklA pUrNimA ke dina samApta kiyA hai| ancastatva rasatucaMdra kalite (1667) zrI vikramAdityake / mAse kAtika nAmanIha dhabale pakSa zaratsaMbhave / vAre bhAsvati siddha nAmati tathA yogeSa pUrNAtiyau, nakSatre 'zvani nAmani tatvarasikaH pUrNIkRto granthakaH // 55 ailaka pannAlAla di0 jaina sarasvatI bhavana bambaI kI grantha sUcI meM 'pratatithi nirNaya' nAma kA eka patha bha siMhanandI ke nAma se darja hai| yaha grantha ArA ke jaina siddhAnta bhavana meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai, para vaha inhIM siMhanandI 1. dekho, anekAnta varSa 11 kiraNa 4-5 tathA anekAnta varSa 20 kiraNa 3 10104 2. saMvata solaha sai ju ikyAvana, ravidinu mAsa kumArI ho, jina vaMdanu kariphiri ghari-Ae, vijaya dasami jayArI ho (argalapura jinavaMdanA) maha racanA akabara ke rAjya meM ravI gaI hai| 3. zrI mUla saMghe vara puSkarAsye gamche sujAnaH zubhacandra sari / tasyAtra paTTa jani siMhanandirbhaTTArako'bhUdviSAM vareNyaH // 53

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jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa bhAga 2 kI kRti hai yA anya kI, yaha grantha ke avalokana ke binA nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sktaa| inake atirikta kavi kI anya racanAe' anveSaNIya haiM / kavi kA samaya 17 voM zatAbdI hai| paMDita zivAbhirAma kavi ne apanA paricaya nahIM diyA aura na guru paramparA kA hI ullekha kiyA hai| kevala apane kN| 'pupada baniya' kA putra batalAyA hai / paMDita zivAbhirAma 17vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| inakI do kRtiyAM upalabdha haiM paT caturtha-vartamAna-jinArcana; aura candraprabha purANa sagraha (aSTamajina purANa sNgrh)| inameM se prathama grantha ko racanA mAlavadeza meM sthita bijayasAra ke 'divija nagara ke durga meM sthita devA laya meM, jaba arikulazatru sAmantasena haritanu kA putra anuruddha pRthvI kA pAlana kara rahA thA. jisake rAjya kA pradhAna sahAyaka raghupati nAma kA mahAtmA thaa| usakA putra pa-yarAja grantha kartA kA parama bhakta thA / uso kI sahAyatA se vi0 saM0 1612 meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai navazi (?) ca nayanAkhye karmayuktena candre, gativati sati jato vikramasyeva kAle / nipatatituSAre mAghacadrAvatAre jinavara padacarcA siddhaye sprsiddhaa||15 dUsare grantha meM AThava tIrthakara candraprabha jina kA jIvana-paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| uso 27 srg| prazasti meM batalAyA hai ki vahRdagurjaravaMza kA bhUSaNa rAjA tArAsiMha thA, jo kambhanagara kA nivAsI thA aura dillI ke bAdazAha dvArA sammAnita thaa| usake paTa para sAmaMtasiMha haA jise digambarAcArya ke upadeza se jaina dharma vaa| lAbha humA thaa| usakA putra pasiMha humA, jo rAjanIti meM kuzala thaa| usakI dharmapatnI kA nAma 'koNA devo' thA, jo zIlAdi sadguNoM se vibhUSita thii| usIke upadeza evaM anurodha se ukta carita grantha ko racanA huI hai| grantha meM racanA kAla diyA hamA nahIM hai / ataeva nizcita rUpa se yaha batalAnA kaThina hai ki zivAbhirAma ne isa graMtha kI racanA kaba ko hai / para prathama grantha kI prazasti se yaha spaSTa hai ki isa grantha ko racanA 17vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM paMDita akSayarAma yaha bhaTTAraka vidyAnanda ke ziSya the| bhaTTArakIya paMDita hone ke kAraNa saMskRta bhASA ke vidvAna the| inakA sabhaya vikrama kI 18vIM zatAbdI hai| jayapura ke rAjA savAI jayasiMha ke pradhAna mantrI zrAdaka tArAcandra' ne caturdazI kA vrata kiyA thA, usI kA udyApana karane ke liye paMDita akSayarAma ne saMvat 1500 meM caitra zuklA paMcamI ke dina 'caturdazIvratodyApana' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| prabve vizUnyASTakAMke (1800) caitramAse site dale / paMcamyAM ca caturdazyAM bratasyodyotanaM kRtaM // 4 // kavi nAgava isake pitA kA nAma 'soD Dese TTi' thA, jo koTilAbhAnvaya kA thA aura mAtA kA nAma 'cauDAmbikA thaa| kavi ne 'mANikasvAmicarita' kI racanA kI hai| yaha grantha bhAminI SaTpadI meM likhA gayA hai, isameM 3 sandhiyAM aura 298 padya haiM / isameM mANikya jineza kA carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai| usameM likhA hai-ki devendra ne apanA 'mANika jinabimba' rAvaNa kI patnI maMdodarI ko usakI prArthanA karane para de diyA aura vaha usakI pUjA karane lgii| rAma-rAvaNa yuddha meM rAvaNa kA vadha ho jAne ke bAda mandodarI ne usa mUrti ko samudra ke garbha meM rakha diyaa| bahuta samaya bItane para 'zaMkaragaNDa' nAma kA rAjA eka pativratA strI kI sahAyatA se mANika svAmI ko vaha mUrti le prAyA -. -- -- --... -. ...------ 1. zrI jayasiMha bhUpasya maMtrimukhyo'graeo satAM / dhAvakastArAcaMdrAstharatenedaM prata samusataM / / -jaina anya pra0bhA011027

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15vIM 16vIM 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi 55.1 aura nijAma sTeTa ke 'kulapAka' nAma ke tIrthasthAna meM usako sthApita kiyaa| isa mUrti ke kAraNa vaha eka tIrtha bana gayA / kavi ne grantha ke zurU meM mANika jina kI, siddha, sarasvatI, gaNadhara aura yakSatyakSI kI stuti kI hai / grantha meM samaya nahIM diyaa| saMbhavataH grantha ko racanA san 1700 ke lagabhaga huI hai ( anekArata varSa 1, kiraNa 6-7 ) paM0 jagannAtha inakI jAti khaMDelavAla thora gotra sogANI thaa| inake pitA kA nAma somarAja zreSThI thA / jagannAtha jyeSTha putra the aura vAdirAja laghu putra the| jagannAtha saMskRta bhASA ke prakANDa vidvAna the| yaha dor3A nagara ke nivAsI the, jise 'takSakapura' kahA jAtA thA / grantha prazastiyoM meM usakA nAma takSakapura likhA milatA hai / 16vIM 17vIM zatAbdI meM ToDA nagara jana-dhana se sampanna nagara thaa| usa samaya vahA~ rAjA rAmacandra kA rAjya thaa| vahAM khaMDelavAla jainiyoM kI acchI bastI thii| TohA meM bhaTTArakIya gaddI thI, aura vahAM eka acchA zAstra bhaDAra bhI thaa| prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA ke acche granthoM kA saMgraha thaa| vahAM aneka sajjana saMskRta ke vidvAna hue haiN| saMvat 1620 meM vahAM kI gaddI para maMDalAcArya dharmacandra virAjamAna the, jinhoMne saMskRta meM gautama caritra kI racanA kI hai| yaha grantha prakAzita ho cukA hai / paMDita jagannAtha bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti ke ziSya the| inhoMne 'zvetAmbara parAjaya kI prazasti meM apane ko kavi gamaka-bAdi aura vAgmi jaise vizeSaNoM se ullekhita kiyA hai| - kavi gamaka- vAdivAgbhitva guNAlaMkRtena khADillavaM pomarAja zreSTha sutena jagannAtha vAdinA kRtI kevalibhukti nirAkaraNaM samAptam / ' karmasvarUpa nAmaka grantha ko prazasti meM kavi ne apanA nAma grabhinava vAdirAja sUcita kiyA haiM / kavi kI nimna kRtiyAM upalabdha haiM- catuvizatisaMdhAna, (svopajJaTIkA sahita) sukha nidhAna, neminarendratAMtra suSeNacaritra, karma svarUpa varNana / catuvizati saMdhAna-gdharA chandAtmaka nimna padya ko 25 bAra likha kara 25 artha kiye haiN| eka-eka prakAra meM 24 tIrthakaroM kI alaga-alaga stuti kI hai, aura mantima 25veM padya meM samuccaya rUpa se caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko stuti kI hai| zrIyAn zrI vAsupUjyo vRSabhajinapatiH zrIbrumAMko'tha va yaMka: puSpadanto munisuvrata jino'naMtavAk zAntiH padmaprabho'ro vimalavibhurasau zrI supArzvaH / varddhamAnoko | mallinemirna mirmA sumatizcatu sacchrI jagannAtha poraM // 1 // dUsarI racanA 'zvetAmbara parAjaya' hai / kavi ne isa grantha ko vibudha lAla jI kI AjJA se banAyA hai| isameM zvetAmbaroM dvArA mAnya 'kevalibhukti' kA sayuktika khaNDana kiyA hai| grantha meM 'neminarendra stotra svopajJa' kA eka padya uddhRta kiyA hai : yata taya na bhuktirnaSTaH duHkhodayatvAdvasanamapi na cAMge vItarAgatvatazca / iti free hetU na hyasiddhArthAsiddho vizada - vizada dRSTInAM hRdilaH (?) suyuktaye / " kavi ne isa grantha kI racanA saMvat 1703 meM dIpotsava ke dina samApta kI thii| usakA mantima puSpikA vAkya isa prakAra hai : iti zvetAmbara parAjaye kavi gamaka- vAdi- vAgmisva guNAlaMkRtena khADilsa vaMzodbhava pomarAja zreSThi sutena |" jagannAtha vAdinA kRtau kevalibhukti nirAkaraNaM samAptam tIsarI racanA sukhanidhAna hai-- isa grantha meM videha kSetrIya zrIpAla cakravartI kA kathAnaka diyA huA hai / prastuta kAvya grantha kI racanA sarasa aura prasAda guNa se yukta hai / isa grantha kI racanA kavi ne rAjasthAna meM 'mAlapurA' -- karmasvarUpa varNana pra0 1. paMDita jagannArtha parAsyAbhinavatrAdirA meM viracite karmasvarUpa granthe /

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112 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 (jayapura) nAmaka sthAna meM kI hai| kavi ne isa grantha meM anyacca asmAbhiruktaM zRGgAra samudra kAvye' vAkya ke sAtha apane zRgAra samudra kAvya nAma ke grantha kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa kRti kA anveSaNa honA cAhiye ki kisI bhaNDAra meM yaha grantha upalabdha hai yA nhiiN| isa grantha kI 51 patrAtmaka eka prati pATaudI bhaNDAra jayapura meM hai jisameM usakA racanA kAla saMvat 1700 asoja sudI 10mI diyA hai| cauthI racanA 'neminarendra stotra' hai| isameM 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA stavana kiyA gayA hai| racanA sundara hai aura abhI aprakAzita hai / isameM bhI kebalibhakiA aura kavalAhAra kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai / isa para svopana TIkA bhI nihita hai| ise prakAza meM lAnA cAhiye / isakA racanA kAla bhI jJAta nahIM huaa| pAMcadhI racanA 'suSeNa caritra' hai| isa grantha kI 46 patrAtmaka eka prati grAmera bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai, jo saM0 1842 ko likhI huI hai| chaThavIM racanA 'karmasvarUpa varNana hai, jisameM jJAnAvaraNAdi karmoM ko mala aura uttara prakRtiyoM ke varNana ke sAtha prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga aura pradeza rUpa cAra baMdhoM kA svarUpa nirdiSTa kiyA hai| kavi ne isa grantha ko saMvata 1707 ke caita mahIne ke zukla padA kI doija ke dina samApta kiyA hai : varSe tatva nabhozya parimite (1707) mAse madhI suundre| tatpakSe ca sitetarehani tathA nAmnA dvitIyAhaye / zrI sarvajJa padAMbujAnati galava jJAnAvRti prAbhavA stravidyezvaratA gatA vyaracayan zrI vAdirAjA imama / / kavi kA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI kA antima aMza aura 18vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvAdha hai| kavi vAdirAja yaha khaMDelavaMzI pomarAja zreSThI ke laghu putra the / jyeSTha putra paMDita jagannAtha the, jo saMskRta bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita ghe / inakA gotra 'saugANI' thaa| yaha takSaka nagara (vartamAna ToDA nagara) ke nivAsI the| laghu putra kA nAma vAdirAja thA / jo saMskRta bhASA ke acche vidvAna, kavi the aura rAjanIti meM paTu the / inake cAra putra the--rAmacandra, lAla jI, nemidAsa aura vimaladAsa / vimaladAsa ke samaya 'ToDA' meM upadrava huaA thA jisameM eka gucchaka (gaTakA) bhI lUTa gayA thaa| bAda meM use chur3A kara lAye, vaha phaTa gayA thA, aura use samhAla kara rakkhA gyaa| yAdirAja ne apane ko usa samaya dhanaMjaya, pAzAdhara aura vAgbhaTa kA pada pAraNa karane vAlA dUsarA vAgbhaTa batalAte hue likhA hai ki rAjA rAjasiMha dUsarA jayasiMha haiM aura takSaka nagara dUsarA praNahilapura hai aura maiM vAdirAja dUsarA vAgbhaTa huuN| dhanaMjayAzAparavAgbhaTAnAM dhase padaM samprati vaadiraajH| khAMDilla vaMzobruvapomasajinokti pIyUSa satapta gAtraH // 3 vAdirAja takSaka magara ke rAjA rAjasiMha ke mahAmAtya the| rAjasiMha bhImasiMha ke putra the| kavi kI isa samaya do racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| vAgbhaTAlaMkAra kI TokA 'kavicandrikA' jisakA pUrA nAma 'vAgbhaTTAlaMkArAvari-kavi candrikA' hai| isa TIkA ko kavi ne rAjya kArya se avakAza nikAla kara banAI thii| paura dUsarI racanA 'zAnalocana stotra' nAma kA eka stotra prantha / yaha stotra mANikacandra digambara jaina granya mAlA se 1. saMvat 1751 magasira vadI takSaka nagare khaNDelavAlAnvaye sogAnI gotre sAha pomarAja tatputra sAha vAdirAjastapatra sattvAra prathama putra rAmacandra dvitIya sAla jI tRtIya nemidAsa, caturtha vimaladAsa, ToDA meM vipo huo, jaba pAipoSI suTI, yahAM the khuDAI phaTI suTI saMvAri sudhAri pAchI karI, bhAnAvaraNI karmakSayArtha putrAdi paThanAyaM zubhaM bhavatu / ma.pra. prazasti saM0 bhAga 1 pR. 36 / 2. iti maravA ralavayAlaMkRta vidyAyitto vimala poma zreSTi kula bhUgo mahAmAtya padacchImAramaTa mahAkanistAva diSTa devatAmabhauSTeti /

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15vI, 16vIM, 17vIM aura 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya, bhaTTAraka aura kavi prakAzita siddhAnta sArAdi saMgraha meM mudrita ho cukA hai| aura pahalA grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| kavi ne isakI antima prazasti meM apanA paricaya bhI aMkita kara diyA hai / kavi ne isa candrikA TIkA ko vi0 saM0 1726 kI dIpamAlikA ke dina guruvAra ko citrA nakSatra aura bazcika lagna meM banAkara samApta kiyA hai| kavi kI anya racanAeM anveSaNIya haiM / kavi kA samaya 18 vIM zatAbdI hai| aruNarmANa yaha madAraka zrutakIti ke praziSya aura budha rAghava ke ziSya the| budha rAghava ne gvAliyara meM jaina mandira banavAyA thaa| inake jyeSTha ziSya budha ratnapAla the, dUsare banamAlI tathA tIsare kAnharasiMha the| prastuta aruNamaNi (lAlamaNi) inhIM kAnharasiMha ke putra the| prazasti meM inhoMne apanI guru paramparA isa prakAra batalAI hai-kASThA saMgha meM sthita mAthuragaccha aura puSkaragaNa meM lohAcAya ke anvaya meM hone vAle bha0 ghamaMsena, bhAvasena, sahasrakIti, guNakIti, yazakIti, jinacandra, zrutikIrti ke ziSya dharatnapAla, vanamAlI aura kaanhrsiNh| inameM kAnharasiMha ke putra aruNamaNi ne 'ajita purANa' kI racanA mugala bAdazAha avaragazAha (auraMgajeba) ke rAjya kAla meM saM0 1716 meM jahAnAbAda nagara (vartamAna nyU dillI) ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM banAkara samApta kI hai| inake ziSya paM0 bulAkIdAsa the| inhoMne dillI meM bulAkIdAsa ko par3hAyA thaa| kavi balAkIdAsa ne praznottara zrAvakAcAra prazasti meM inakA nimna padyoM meM ullekha kiyA hai "aruna-ratana paMDita mahA, zAstra kalA paravIna / alacanda tinapaM padayo, gyAna aMza tahA~ lIna / / 16 bahuta heta kari praruna nai, dayo zAna ko bheva / tava subuddhi ghaTa meM jagI, kari buddhi tama cheda // "20 prastuta prajitapurANa meM dUsare tIrthakara ajitanAtha kA jIvana paricaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai| racanA sarasa aura sarala hai| bhaTTAraka devendra koti yaha mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka jagatakIti ke paTTadhara the| jagatakIti bha0 surendrakIti ke paTTa para saM0 1733 // savatsare nidhidagazva zazAGkayukta dIpotsavAtya divase sagurau scitr| . sAne'li nAmni ca samApa giraH prasAdAt sadAdirAja racitA kavi candrikeyam // zrI rAjasiMha napatirjayasiMha evaM thI takSakAsyanagarI ahilltulyaa| zrI vAdirAja vibudho'para vAgbhaTo'yaM zrI sUtra vRttiriha nandatu cAkaM candram // 2 zrImadbhImanapAlajasya balinaH zrI rAjasiMhasya me, sevAyAmavakAzamApya vihitA TIkA zizUnA hitaa| honAdhikya vano yadava likhitaM tadvai budhaH kSamyatAm / gAhasthyAvaninAyasevanadhiyaH kaH svasthatA mApnuyAt / / 3 2. dekho, jana grantha prazasti saMgraha bhAga 1, pR0 17 // 3. rasa-vRSa-yati-vaMde rupAta saMvatsare (1716) 'smina, niyamita sitavAre vaijayantI dazamyA, ajita jinacaritra bodha pAtra budhAnAM, racitamamalavAgmi-rakta ratnena ten||4. mudgale bhUbhujA zreSThe rAjye'varaMga saahike|' jahAnAbAda-nagare pArzvanAtha jinAlaye Int

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554 jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 Amera meM pratiSThita hue the| yaha apane samaya ke acche vidvAna the| bha. devendra kIti ne 'samayasAra' grantha kI eka TIkA 'Isarade' grAma meM saMvat 1758 meM bhAdrapada zuklA caturdazI ko banAkara samApta kI thii| jaisA ki usake nimna padyoM se prakaTa hai : vasvaSTayuktasaptendayute (1788) varSe mnohre| zukle bhAdrapade mAse caturvazyAM zume tithau // 1 Isaradeti sadgrAme Tokara puunnitaamitaa| bhaTrAraka jagatkIrteH paTTe devendrakItinA // 2 duSkarmahAnaye ziSya manohara-girA kRtaa| TIkA samayasArasya sugamA tatvabodhinI // 3 isa TIkA kA nAma kavi ne 'tatvabodhinI' diyA hai| kavi kA samaya vikrama ko 18voM tAbdI kA antima caraNa hai| ma. dharmacandra mUlasaMgha balAtkAra gaNa bhAratIgaccha ke bhaTTAraka zrIbhUSaNa ke ziSya the| inhoMne apano.paramparA nimna prakAra batalAI hai-nemicandra, yazaH kIrti, bhAnukoti aura zrIbhUSaNa 1 inakI jAti khaMDelavAla aura gotra seThI thaa| yaha saMvat 1712 meM paTTa para baiThe the| aura usa para 15 varSa taka rhe| inakA paTTa sthAna maharoTha thaa| bhaTTAraka dharmacandra ne vi0 saM0 1726 meM jyeSTha zuklA dvitIyA zukravAra ke dina raghunAtha nAmaka rAjA ke rAjya meM mahArASTra grAma ke AdinAtha caityAlaya meM mautama caritra' banAkara samApta kiyA hai| kavi kA samaya 16 vo zatAbdI hai| vimaladAsa yaha anantasena ke ziSya aura vIragrAma ke nivAsI the / tarkazAstra ke acche vidvAna the| inhoMne plavaMga saMvatsara kI vaizAkha zuklA aSTamI bRhaspativAra ke dina saptabhaMga taraMgiNI nAma kA graMtha taMjora nagara meM pUrNa kiyA thaa| yaha graMtha prakAzita ho gayA hai / inakA samaya 17vIM zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA gayA hai| saptabhaMga taraMgiNI graMtha kA bistAra 800 zloka pramANa haiN| usameM samantabhadra, akalaka, vidyAnanda mANikyanandI aura prabhAcandra prAdi ke granthoM ke uddharaNa dekara sarala bhASA meM syAvAda ke asti-nAsti mAdi saptabhaMgoM kA vivecana kiyA hai, tathA anekAntabAda meM pratipakSiyoM dvArA die gae saMkara, vyatikara, virodha aura asaMbhava prAdi doSoM kA nirasana kiyA hai| anta meM lekhaka ne bauddha, mImAMsaka naiyAyika aura sAMkhyAdi matoM meM apratyakSa rUpa se sAra pekSavAdakA avalambana kiyA hai, isako spaSTa kiyA hai| -- - - 1. saMvat satrAsa ara tetIsa, sAvaNabadi paMcamI bhaNi / padavI bhaTTAraka acala virAjita paNa dAna dhaNa raajtNtr|| -maTTAraka paTTAvalI 2. zrImarigaNAdhipo vijayatAM zrIbhuSaNAkhyo muniH // 266 paTTe tadIye muni dharmacandrobhUncho balAtkAra garaNe pradhAnaH / zrI bhUlasaMdhe praSirApamAnaH zrI bhAratI gaccha sudIpti bhAnuH / / 267 rAjadhI radhunAtha nAmanupatI grAme mahArASTra ke / nAbheyalpa niketanaM zubhatara bhAti prasauSyAkaram / / tasmin vikamayA dvivAda rasa mugAdrIMdu prame varSakai / jyeSThe mAse sitadvitIye divase kAMse hi zukAnvite // 296 -gautama caritra