Agam 02 Ang 02 Sutrakrutang Sutra Ka Darshanik Adhyayan

Author(s): Nilanjanashreeji
Publisher: Bhaiji Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003613/1

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nAga sUtra - nAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAgapU satrakRtAMga sUtra / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra tAMga sUtra sUtrakRta V/SVtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga dArzanika adhyayana dio tAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMgara lAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra sAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra lAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAga lAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUma loga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra tAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUE patrakatAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtoga sAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRta " sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUpa lAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga satra sUtrakRtAgesU sasa na sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra lAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga satra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakapatra ERAtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAmA tAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRta gasUtra sUtralekha sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUpa tAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sara patrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRta stAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra cakRtAMga sUtra sU tra sUtrakRtAMga tAMga sUtra satrakatAMga sUtra mAMga sUtra sU sUtra sUtrakatAMga satra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga satra sUtra tAMga sUtra satrakatAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sU nApasUna sUtrakRtAgasUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra tAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRta sU tra kRpasatra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra tAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtre sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kRta nAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra tAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra tAga sUtra sUtrakatAMga sUtra sUtrakRttAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga satra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga JAsatra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra tAga sUtrasUtrakatAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUra AL sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra tArI sUtra satrakatAMga satra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sU sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra tArA sUtra svakatAMga satra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra' sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUba tAgasUtra sabakatAMga satra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra sAgara satrakalAMga saba sUtrakRtAga sUtra satrakatAMga satra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sU sakatAMga stra sUbakRtAMga sUtra satrakalAMga satra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtra nAMca sabaska tAga basavakalAMga satra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUca batAgabasavakalAMga sabasvakRtAMga sUtrasUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUca lAgasabasavakalAMga batAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUcakRtAga sUtrasUtrakRtAMga sUtra sU sUtrakRtAga saba saMketAMta sUtrasUtrakRtAmasUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sU laga bArkalAMga va sUtrakRlAgasUtrasUtrakRtAMga sUtrasU kAma samAnAMga satra sUzakRtAgasUtrasUtrakRtAMga sUtrasa sakalAgasUtrasUtrakalAMga satrAsa katA sUtrasavaktAMga sabasa sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanA zrI

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zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka jahAja maMdira, mANDavalA, jAlora (rAja,

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Private & Personal Use Only 45

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sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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bhAI jI prakAzana kA anupama upahAra

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sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana - sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanA zrI

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sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana (pI. eca DI. kI upAdhi hetu svIkRta zodha prabaMdha ) sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanA zrI prathama saMskaraNa jJAna paMcamI, 2005 ISBN pratiyAM eka hajAra mUlya eka sau rUpaye sarvAdhikAra prakAzaka prakAzaka bhAI jI prakAzana zrI jinakAntisAgara sUri smAraka TrasTa jahAja maMdira, mANDavalA - 343042 jilA-jAlora, dUrabhASa : 02973-256107, 256338 email : jahaj_mandir@yahoo.co.in mudraNa vyavasthA rAkeza pANDeya, dillI mudraka saMjaya priMTarsa, dillI rAja.

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samarpaNa jinakA dhyAna hI merA dhyeya hai, jinakA anugraha hI merA zreya hai, jinakA vAtsalya hI merA preya hai, una parama pUjanIyA merI AsthA ke AlaMbana, zraddhA ke sadana, guruvaryA zrI DaoN. vidyutprabhA zrI jI ma. sA. ke pAvana kara-kamaloM meM meM sAdara samarpita - nIlAMjanA

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artha sahayoga pUjya mAtA jI zatAyusaMpannA zrImatI raMgUdevI ke AzIrvAda se putra zrI rikhabacaMda jI - sau. sukhI devI pautra zrI madanacaMda jI - sau. madhu devI rAjendrakumAra jI - sau. sumitrAdevI vikrama jI - sau. zobhAdevI mahendra jI - sau. zAradAdevI mukeza jI - sau. madhudevI nareza jI - sau. piMkI devI - prapautra laveza, Doneza, nikhila, mohita, siddhama, akSaya, rAhula, tuSAra dAMtevAr3iyA putra-pautra-prapautra zrI rUpacaMda jI dAMtevAr3iyA, cainnaI marUdhara meM mANDavalA A Sha Roopchand Sagarji 7, Ekambareshwar Agraharam Guru Kripa Market, Mint Street ___ CHENNAI - 600079

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pUjya upAdhyAya zrI maNiprabhasAgara jI ma.sA. 4 . pUjya sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA zrI jI ma.sA. pUjya sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanA zrI jI ma.sA. For Private & Personal use only

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zrImatI raMgUdevI A MP zrI rikhabacanda jI dAMtevAr3iyA sau. sukhI devI dAMtevAr3iyA

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maMgalAmRtam yoM to hara Agama apane Apa meM pUjanIya, AdaraNIya evaM mahatvapUrNa hai, parantu sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI mahattA kucha anUThI hai| isakI viSaya-vastu, isakI viSaya-vivecanA, isakI racanA-zailI; saba kucha anUThI hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra eka darpaNa kI bhA~ti hai, jisameM usa samaya ke dArzanika jagata kA pratibimba dikhAI detA hai| usa samaya jitane bhI paMtha, dharma, saMpradAya, darzana, vicAra-paramparAeM vidyamAna thIM, una sabakA lekhA-jokhA isa satra meM hai| vividha viSayoM va vistRta carcA-vicAraNAoM se paripUrNa yaha Agama paramAtmA mahAvIra ke anekAnta sUtra kA pratyakSa saMvAhaka hai| sAdhvI nIlAMjanA ne isa Agama para zodha kArya karake eka cunautI svIkAra karate hue apanI UrjA bharI pratibhA kA samyak upayoga kiyA hai| mujhe isa bAta kI bahuta prasanatA hai ki merI bahina ke ziSyA parivAra meM yaha pahalI DaoNkTara banane jA rahI hai| maiM apanI Aja kI isa prasannatA kI tulanA usa dina se kara sakatA hU~, jaba merI bahina vidyutprabhA DaoNkTara banI thii| usa dina kI mahimA kA to maiM varNana hI nahIM kara sakatA; kyoMki maiM varSoM se usa pala kI pratIkSA kara rahA thaa| Aja vahI prasannatA dogunI ho gaI hai, kyoMki nIlAMjanA merI bahina (cacerI) bhI hai, to merI bahina kI ziSyA bhI hai| nIlAMjanA zizu avasthA se hI mere evaM bahina vidyutprabhA ke prati sneha ke dhAge se baMdhI huI hai| mujhe khuzI hai ki eka acche viSaya ko cunakara usane usake sAtha pUrA nyAya kiyA hai| darzana kA viSaya thor3A jaTila hai, ataH isake paThana meM svAdhyAyI varga Alasya karatA hai, paraMtu sAdhvI nIlAMjanA ne apanI prAMjala evaM ma~jI huI lekhanI se isa graMtha ko itane pravAha evaM sahaja bhASA meM likhA hai ki kahIM bhI arUci kA bhAva paidA nahIM hotaa| ix

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lekhana yAtrA kI yaha eka saphala zurUAta hai| mujhe AzA hI nahIM, balki pUrNa vizvAsa hai ki usakI pravAhapUrNa lekhanI se aneka naye graMthoM kA nirmANa hogA aura vaha sAhitya jagata ko aura jyAdA samRddha banAne meM apanA yogadAna arpaNa kregii| nIlAMjanA eka pratibhAzAlI evaM paripakva sAdhvIratnA hai| usameM adhyayana kI tIvra rUci hai| bauddhika kSamatA se paripUrNa nIlAMjanA kI grahaNa-zakti adbhuta hai| usameM AtmavizvAsa gaharA hai, jo use lekhana Adi kSetroM me naI U~cAiyA~ detA hai| zodha-kArya kI pUrNatA kA avasara vyakti ko nAma bhI detA hai to jimmedArI bhI detA hai| nIlAMjanA para aba jimmedArI A gaI hai, kyoMki aba use apane nAma ke Age lage 'DaoN.' zabda ko pUrNa sArthaka karanA hai| isakA artha hai ki use prativarSa zodha-kArya, lekhana-kArya karate hI rahanA aisA nahIM ki DigrI lI aura aba sAhitya se itizrI kara lii| aba use prativarSa do yA tIna granthoM para kArya lagAtAra karanA hai| merI paramAtmA evaM dAdAgurUdeva se yahI prArthanA hai ki vaha apane lakSya ko kendra meM rakhakara niraMtara naye-naye AyAmoM kA sparza karatI rhe| merI bahina (cacerI) evaM merI bahina kI ziSyA hone ke nAte mere agaNita AzISa evaM zubhakAmanAe~ sadA use upalabdha haiN| usake hArdika maMgala bhaviSya kI zubhakAmanA ke sAtha..... mAra (upAdhyAya maNiprabhasAgara)

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zreyovAk apanI priya anujA-ziSyA sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanA dvArA prastuta zodha graMtha ke prakAzana ke avasara para merA mana pramudita honA eka sahaja prakriyA hai| vaha apane chaha mAha kI zizu avasthA se hI mere vyAvahArika jIvana kI hI nahIM, mere bhAva hRdaya kI eka atyaMta sukomala anubhUti ke sAtha hI mere prANoM kA avibhAjya aMga rahI hai| mere hAtha zizu avasthA meM usakA jhUlA bane to yauvana kI dahalIja para bar3hate usake kadamoM ko merA anuzAsana milaa| usane ina donoM hI rUpoM ko hRdaya kI gaharAI se AtmasAt kiyaa| ni:saMdeha maiM usake isa samagra samarpaNa se abhibhUta huuN| bacapana ke dasa sAla kI avadhi ke atirikta vaha mujhase vyAvahArika evaM hArdika, donoM hI stara para abhinna rahI hai| usake bAre meM maiM ni:saMkoca kaha sakatI hU~ ki vaha jitanI tejasvinI hai, utanI hI sakomala bhI hai| vaha jitanI pratibhAsaMpanna hai, utanI hI vinamra bhI! jitanI tArkika evaM ojasvinI hai, utanI hI bhAvuka bhI! vaha jisa kArya se jur3atI hai, use niSThA se DUbakara saMpanna kiye bagaira nizcita nahIM hotii| jaba vaha apanI umra ke dvitIya dazaka ke tRtIya varSa ke prAraMbha meM mere pAsa AyI thI; usakI tIvra pratibhA ko dekhate hue vidyAlaya prazAsana ne sAtavIM kakSA se sIdhe dasavIM kakSA meM pahuMcA diyA thA; aura usane bhI kaThora parizrama kI badaulata atyalpa avadhi ke bAvajUda parIkSA dekara saphala hone ke sAtha-sAtha dvitIya zreNI bhI prApta kI thii| taba se prAraMbha huI usakI vyAvahArika va tAtvika zikSA yAtrA Aja aneka sAmudAyika va vyAvahArika avarodhoM ko pAra karate hue Akhira apanI maMjila taka pahu~ca hI gayI hai| usakI zodhayAtrA lambI clii| viSaya para bhI khUba UhApoha claa| viSaya kA cayana hone ke bAda phira eka sthAna para rahane kI vyavasthA kA

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abhAva, kAryakramoM kI bharamAra; phira bhI usakA dhairya barakarAra thaa| mere liye kisI bhI kArya ko itane lambe samaya taka calAnA kaThina hotA hai| isa viSaya para kaI bAra kahanA bhI par3A ki vaha apane hAtha meM liye hue zodhakArya ko jaldI se saMpanna kara le, bhale hI usameM gaharAI kama ho; para vaha merI isa bAta para sahamata nahIM huI aura na hI usane isa para samajhautA hI kiyaa| usakA dRr3ha-saMkalpa thA ki vaha zodha kArya gaharAI se hI karegI aura Akhira gujarAta se prAraMbha huI usakI zodhayAtrA mahArASTra hotI huI karNATaka meM saMpanna huii| yadyapi usakI zodhayAtrA avazya saMpanna ho gayI, para merA sapanA adhUrA hai| bahuta prAraMbha se merI rUci thI ki hama jisa gurU paraMparA se jur3e haiM, usa paraMparA ke Adya pravartaka, nyAya ke zikhara purUSa zrI jinezvarasUri kI racanA paMcaliMgI prakaraNa para kucha kArya ho| saMyoga aura paristhitiyA~ anukUla na rahIM, ataH na cAhate hue bhI viSaya kA parivartana karanA par3A; paraMtu saMtoSa hai ki isa viSaya para apanI kSamatA kA bharapUra upayoga karate hue usane saMpUrNa nyAya kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra paramAtmA kI mUla vANI hone ke sAtha dvitIya Agama ke rUpa meM sthApita hai; aura eka Agama para zodha karane kA artha hai, use par3hane ke sAtha-sAtha anya AgamoM kA bhI samucita adhyayana krnaa| sAdhvI nIlAMjanA ne ina AgamoM ke sAtha Agametara sAhitya kA bhI adhyayana karake apanI adhyayanapriyatA evaM svAdhyAya rUci ko abhivyakta kiyA hai| zodha kArya se prAraMbha huI usakI lekhana yAtrA yahIM vizrAMta na hokara agaNita graMtha nirmANa karatI huI uttarottara vikasita, pariSkRta ho, sAtha hI vaha apane mukhya lakSya kaSAya zuddhi, Atma zuddhi karake zuddhatva-buddhatva kI garimA ko upalabdha kare, yahI kAmanA hai| niyAm - sAdhvI (DaoN.) vidyutprabhA .xii

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prajJAbhinaMdanA Atmapriya agrajA bahina DaoN. nIlAMjanA zrI jI ma.sA. dvArA likhita zodhagraMtha ke prakAzana kI pAvana belA meM hRdaya parama ullasita evaM AnaMdita hai / bahina kI zodha - yAtrA kI pUrNatA, saphalatA evaM prastuti ke svarNima avasara para bhAI ke hRdaya kA umaMga se umaMgita honA svAbhAvika hI hai| mere abodha bacapana meM hI ve saMsAra chor3akara saMyama patha kI sAdhanA meM gatimAna ho gaye the, phira bhI mere mana meM eka adRzya preraNA chipI huI thI ki jIjI ne jisa pAvana patha ko apanAyA hai, mujhe bhI usI rAha kA anusaraNa karanA hai| yaha bAta mujhe sadaiva gaurava bharA AnaMda pradAna karatI hai ki maiMne apane sapane ko yathArtha ke dharAtala para sAkAra kara bhrAtA aura bahina ke pAvana baMdhana ke jIvana paryaMta nibhAne ke saMkalpa ko pUrNa kiyA hai| unakA sneha mujhe sadA se milatA rahA hai, kabhI DA~Ta ke rUpa meM to kabhI pucakAra ke rUpa meM; kabhI patra ke mAdhyama se to kabhI pratyakSa rUpa se| aisI bahinA para mujhe nAja hai| unakI yogyatA aura pratibhA kisI se chipI nahIM hai| bI. e. meM prathama sthAna prApta kara svarNapadaka ke hakadAra bane; to ema.e. meM dvitIya sthAna prApta kara gurU garimA meM abhivRddhi kI / saMpUrNa bArasA sUtra mAtra cAlIsa dina kI alpAvadhi meM kaMThastha kara Apa ne eka nayA kIrtimAna sthApita kiyaa| yaha unakI zodha - yAtrA saphalatA ke zikhara kA sparza kara rahI hai, gaurava mizrita harSa kA viSaya hai| jIvana ke eka ahamiyata bhare imtihAna xiii

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meM uttIrNa honA kise khuzI ke raMga se sarAbora nahIM kregaa| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra gyAraha aMga sUtroM meM se eka ativiziSTa graMtharatna hai, jisameM 363 vAdoM kA mahatvapUrNa dArzanika vivecana vistAra se upalabdha hotA hai| isa durUha, gahare evaM kaThina viSaya para zodha-prabaMdha likhanA koI sAmAnya bAta nahIM hai, para unhoMne atIva parizrama evaM lagana se isa kArya ko pUrNatA pradAna kI hai| vibhinna vAdoM, matoM evaM vicAradhArAoM kA samAveza hone se yaha graMtha vidvAnoM ke liye upayogI hai, to isakI zailI sahaja, sarala evaM subodha hone se svAdhyAya-premiyoM ke liye anamola tohaphA hai| maiM unakI zodha-yAtrA kA sAkSI rahA huuN| ve pUre dina eka kakSa meM baMda .... lekhana meM vyasta ..... par3hane meM masta .... cAroM tarapha bikharI pustakeM evaM graMtha! na tapana kA ahasAsa .... na pAnI kI pyAsa! aise viziSTa darzana kI gaharAI se paripUrNa gaMbhIra graMtha para unhoMne jo painI prajJA se paripUrNa kalama calAI hai, usake pariNAma svarUpa ise eka mAnada graMtha ke rUpa meM udghoSita kiyA gayA hai| yaha saba unake parizrama aura AtmavizvAsa kA pariNAma hai| nizcita rUpa se una para mA~ zAradA kI kRpA evaM gurUjanoM kA AzIrvAda amRta bana kara barasa rahA hai| prastuta kRti Agamika sAhitya jagata ke liye anamola dena to hai hI, unakI jIvanayAtrA ke liye mIla kA patthara bhI hai| zodhakAla meM jaina evaM jainetara graMthoM ke vizleSaNa, manana evaM ciMtana kI gaharAI meM jAkara unhoMne zrutajJAna ke bahumUlya motI prApta kiye haiN| merI yaha zubhAkAMkSA hI nahIM, hArdika icchA bhI hai ki ve isa zodha kRti kI rozanI meM lekhana kSetra meM kadama Age bar3hAne kA saMkalpa kareM evaM sAhitya jagata ko naye-naye aneka graMtha pradAna karane ke kArya kA zubhAraMbha kreN| ve apanI viziSTa pratibhA ke mAdhyama se lekhanI ko gati dete hue Agamika kSetra ko apane avadAna se paripUrNa kreN| xiv

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unakI saMyama yAtrA nirbAdha calatI rahe evaM kramazaH guNasthAnaka kI sIr3hiyA~ car3hate hue, AtmalakSI banakara akaSAyI evaM ayogI avasthA ko upalabdha kara siddhatva kI ujAsa ko prApta kreN| ra XV - muni manitaprabhasAgara

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prazaMsanIya nUtana prasthAna - tIrthaMkara paramAtmA dvArA upadiSTa evaM gaNadhara bhagavaMtoM dvArA graMthita jainAgama viziSTa jJAna saMpadA hai, jisameM AcAra, siddhAnta, darzana, gaNita evaM kathAoM kA samRddha bhaMDAra hai| yaha eka aisI jJAna saMpadA hai, jisako pAkara koI bhI AtmArthI apane jIvana ko dhanya banA sakatA hai| jinAgamoM kI isa saMpadA kA adhyayana sva-para kalyANakara bhI hai| AgamoM meM sUtrakRtAMga aMga, Agama ardhamAgadhI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| isameM tatkAlIna aneka mata-matAMtaroM kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| mUlataH to yaha graMtha Antarika graMthiyoM ko naSTa karane kA eka sabala sAdhana hai| vicAroM se Antarika graMthiyoM kA nirmANa hotA hai| yahI graMthiyA~ ekAMgI hone para ghAtaka bana jAtI haiN| inakI ekAMgitA ko samajhAne vAlA aura anekAntavAda ko sthApita karane vAlA yaha eka uttama graMtharatna hai| tatkAlIna vAdoM para adyAvadhiparyaMta sarvAMgINa dArzanika adhyayana nahIM huA thaa| sAdhvI zrI nIlAMjanA zrI jI ne isa graMtha kA dArzanika adhyayana karane kA purUSArtha kiyA hai| cAra varSoM kI dIrghakAlIna vidyAsAdhanA ke pazcAt unhoMne saphalatA pUrvaka zodha-prabaMdha likhane kA kArya saMpanna kiyA aura unheM pI-eca.DI. kI upAdhi prApta huii| yaha eka gaurava kA viSaya hai| isake liye sAdhvI jI badhAI preSita karate hue kAmanA karatA hU~ ki apanI jJAna sAdhanA ke nUtana sumana saMgha ko detI rheN| - DaoN. jitendra bI. zAha nidezaka, ela.DI. risarca insTITyUTa, ahamadAbAda xvi

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vardhApanA jaina Agama sAhitya meM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA vizeSa mahatva hai| jarmana dArzanikoM ne sarvAdhika prAcIna AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ko mAnA hai; kyoMki ina sUtroM kI racanA veda - chaMdoM meM huI hai / sUtrakRtAMga kI viSaya vastu meM usa kAla aura samaya kI dArzanika paraMparAoM kA ullekha hai tathA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa bhI upalabdha hai| sAdhvI nIlAMjanA zrI jI ne 'sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana' viSaya para 'pI-eca.DI. ' kI upAdhi prApta kI hai| yaha mAnA jAnA samIcIna hI pratIta hotA hai ki jaina tatvajJAna aura jaina darzana kI dhAraNAeM eka sAtha hI zurU huI haiN| isa sUtra meM jahA~ eka ora bhagavAna mahAvIra kI caryA, jJAna, dhyAna, tapa, tyAga Adi kI prazasti kI gayI hai, vahIM virodhI AcAra vAle kuzIla tathA mithyA mAnyatAoM kI prarUpaNA evaM unakA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai| anya mata kI mAnyatAoM ke khaNDana kI paraMparA prAcIna rahI hai| lekhikA kI dRSTi meM yaha graMtha jitanA adhyAtma ke kSetra meM upayogI hai, utanA hI vartamAna kI vyavasthAoM meM bhI prAsaMgika hai| Agama sAhitya kA adhyayana karane vAle sudhI pAThakoM ke liye yaha pustaka atyaMta upayogI hai / lekhana zailI tathA viSaya vizleSaNa itanA sahaja rUpa se huA hai ki sAdhAraNa pAThaka bhI jaina tatvajJAna aura usake dArzanika svarUpa ko samajha sakatA hai| Aja aise sAhitya kI AvazyakatA hai, jo jaina Agama - adhyayana meM rUci paidA kareM aura yaha spaSTa kareM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAMta mAtra bauddhika hI nahIM, apitu vyAvahArika bhI haiN| lekhikA sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanA zrI jI kI yaha pustaka dArzanika jagata ko viziSTa dena hai, aisA merA mAnanA hai / DaoN. mahAvIrarAja gelaDA saMsthApaka kulapati, emariTasa prophesara, jaina vizva bhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM xvii -

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/ AnandAnubhUti sAdhvI zrI nIlAMjanA zrI jI ne prastuta graMtha meM apanI pratibhA, prajJAzodha aura zraddhAmaya athaka prayAsa se sUtrakRtAMga kA adhyayana kara usake dArzanika vaiziSTya kA navanIta prakaTa kiyA hai| pAThakoM, bhAvI zodhArthiyoM tathA adhyAtmapremiyoM ke liye viduSI zodhakI ne jaina AgamoM meM prAcIna aura amUlya graMtha sUtrakRtAMga ko apane zodha kA AdhAra batAyA aura nimna niSkarSa nikAle haiM, jo atyaMta upayogI haiN| ve badhAI kI pAtra haiN| 1. yaha Agama navadIkSita sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko saMyama meM sthira karane tathA buddhi ko nirmala banAne meM sahAyaka hai| 2. jo adhyetA tatkAlIna pracalita vibhinna vAdiyoM ke siddhAMtoM ko jAnanA cAhate haiM, unake liye sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita vibhinna vAda jJAnavardhaka haiM, kiMtu yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki ve anekAMta dRSTi se apUrNa satyatA ke jJApaka haiN| 3. sUtrakRtAMga meM jaina-ajaina kA bheda bhulAkara jIva-ajIva, lokaaloka, puNya-pApa, Asrava-baMdha, saMvara-nirjarA-mokSa ke vivecana se Alokita adhyAtma patha ke praNetA parama zAMti ko prApta hote haiN| 4 sAdhvI zrI kI zodha ne yaha siddha kiyA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM jaina-bauddha aura brAhmaNa dharma ke bIca vAstavika virodha nahIM hai, saMbhavataH isIliye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke liye matimAna-brAhmaNa mahAvIra kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai (khaNDa prathama, adhyayana 9-10) tathA saMsAra ke satya kA vicAra karane vAloM ko zramaNa aura brAhmaNa (khaNDa prathama, adhyayana 12) batAyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM zramaNa dharma sammata indriya-mana-saMyama tathA brAhmaNa dharma meM pratipAdita AtmA kI vizAlatA ke anupama samanvaya ko rekhAMkita kara mahArAja zrI ne apanI isa kRti meM maulika zodha tathA Agama aura xviii

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Agametara sAhitya ke vistRta jJAna kA paricaya diyA hai| - maiM isa maMDala se vigata 7 varSoM se lagAtAra saMparka meM huuN| udayapura cAturmAsa meM maiMne bahina ma. zrI vidyutprabhA zrI jI ko par3hAyA thaa| tabhI sarvaprathama maiM unake saMparka meM AyI thii| bAda meM sAdhvI nIlAMjanA zrI jI ko par3hAne kA avasara milaa| usa samaya unhoMne mujhase nyAya hI par3hA thA, kyoMki zodha kA viSaya nyAya para AdhArita thaa| apanI painI evaM gaMbhIra prajJA se unhoMne mujhe AkRSTa hI nahIM kiyA apitu AhlAdita bhI kiyA thaa| maiM una jaisI pratibhAsaMpanna sAdhvI jI ko eka chAtrA ke rUpa meM pAkara jitanI saMtuSTa huI thI, utanI hI zrAvikA ke nAte gauravAnvita bhI; ki hamAre saMgha meM aisI viziSTa pratibhAeM haiN| maiMne sAdhvI nIlAMjanA zrI jI ko atyanta nikaTatA se dekhA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM maiM kaha sakatI haiM ki unakA mastiSka jitanA prakhara hai, hRdaya utanA hI komala evaM bhIgA huA hai| ni:saMdeha apanI pratibhA se ve AptavacanoM ko jitanA samajha sakatI haiM, hRdaya kI saralatA evaM komalatA se unheM utanA hI AtmasAt bhI kara sakatI haiM aura yahI to unake jIvana kA aMtima lakSya hai| jaisA ki unhoMne zodhagrantha ke prAMrabha meM hI ullekha kiyA hai 'sAdhaka ko baMdhana ke kAraNoM ko samajha kara unase mukta hone kA prayatna karanA caahiye|' isa anamola vAkya saMpadA ko ve satata smRti meM rakheM aura ise kriyAnvita karate hue baMdhanamukta hone kA purUSArtha kreN| - DaoN. suSamA siMghavI kSetrIya nidezaka, iMdirA gAMdhI khulA vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura xix

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suprabhAtam bujjhijja tiuTTejjA baMdhaNaM parijANiyA / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI isa gAthA meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane ziSyoM ko; prakArAMtara se sabhI bhavya prANiyoM ko moha nidrA se jAgRta karate hue yaha kahA hai ki, 'jAgo, saMbuddha hovo tathA apane baMdhanoM ko jAnakara samajhakara unheM todd'o|' - baMdhana kA svarUpa samajhAte hue bhagavAna ne kahA ki parigraha hI sabase kaThina baMdhana hai tathA raMcamAtra bhI parigraha rakhane vAlA bhI mukta nahIM ho sktaa| yahA~ sUtrakRtAMga kA ullekha kaI dRSTiyoM se sAmayika hai tathA saMdarbha prApta bhI / prathamataH sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanA zrI jI ke zodha prabaMdha kA viSaya sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana hai, dvitIyataH ve svayaM baMdhana ke kAraNoM ko jAna-samajhakara aparigrahI saMyamI sAdhvI jIvana aMgIkAra kara cukI haiM, tathA tRtIyataH sUtrakRtAMga sUtra jaina vAMgmaya kA eka adbhuta dArzanika graMtha hai, jisameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna sabhI bhAratIya dharma-darzanoM kA vivecanAtmaka - vizleSaNAtmaka vivaraNa milatA hai| dharma-darzana ke kisI bhI jijJAsu vidyArthI ke liye sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA adhyayana paramAvazyaka hI nahIM, aparihArya bhI hai| sAdhvI nIlAMjanA zrI jI eka pratibhA saMpanna va adhyayanazIla vyaktitva kI dhanI viduSI sAdhvI haiN| unhoMne isa mahatvapUrNa graMtha kI zreSTha evaM zramasAdhya samAlocanA prastuta kI hai, jisake liye ve sAdhuvAda kI pAtra haiN| kisI bhI zodhakartA ke liye zodha-prabaMdha to mAtra sahI dizA meM pahalA paga bharane jaisA hotA hai| yaha to zodha kArya kA prazikSaNa hai, jisakA upayoga kara zodhArthI aneka saMzodhanAtmaka kArya karatA hai| isa pratibhAzAlI sAdhvI jI se saMgha aura samAja ko hI nahIM, samagra jaina zAsana XX

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ko bahuta AzAeM haiM, apekSAeM haiM, jinameM merI apanI AzAeM-apekSAeM bhI sammilita haiN| maiM kAmanA karatA hU~ ki ve apanI svAdhyAyavRtti ko niraMtara gatimAna rakhakara saMgha evaM samAja ko apane amUlya avadAnoM se lAbhAnvita karatI __maiM pulakita aura pramudita hU~ ki sAdhvI jI kA yaha zodha-prabaMdha prakAzita ho rahA hai| merI prasannatA kA eka AyAma yaha bhI hai ki sAdhvI jI kI zikSA maiM bhI pratyakSa vA parokSa rUpa kucha hada taka jur3A huA rahA hU~, ataH unakI isa upalabdhi para merA AnaMdita honA svAbhAvika hai| sAdhvI zrI apane jIvana meM samyag jJAna, darzana evaM cAritra rUpI ratnatrayI kI sAdhanA ke zikhara ko chUne ke prayAsa meM nitya nayI U~cAIyoM ko sparza kara zAsana prabhAvanA karatI raheM, isI zubhecchA ke sAtha... - karnala dalapatasiMha bayA zreyas I-26, bhUpAlapurA, udayapura (rAja.) xxi

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prakAzakIya pUjanIyA sAdhvI DaoN. nIlAMjanA zrI jI ma. dvArA likhita zodha-prabaMdha ko pAThakoM ke samakSa prastuta karate hue AnaMda kI anubhUti ho rahI hai / yaha grantha sarvajJa parama pitA prabhu mahAvIra kI mUla vANI evaM aMga Agama meM dvitIya sthAna para sthApita sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke dArzanika pakSa ke sAtha hI tatkAlIna vidyamAna vibhinna matoM ko bhI prastuta karatA hai| pUjanIyA sAdhvI zrI ne isa gaMbhIra Agama grantha para zodha kara adbhuta kArya kiyA hai| yadyapi unakI lekhana - yAtrA kA yaha prathama sopAna hai, paraMtu viSayagata gaMbhIratA va lekhana-niSThA ko dekhakara unakI pratibhA saMpannatA va paripakvatA kA bodha hotA hai| saMgha Apa jaisI udIyamAna sAdhvI zrI ko pAkara gauravAnvita hai| hamArI zubhakAmanA hai ki ve apanI gurUvaryA zrI ke kuzala mArgadarzana meM avirAma apanI kalama calAtI huI sAhitya kI U~cAIyoM kA sparza kreN| grantha ke arthasahayogI haiM dharmakArya meM sadaiva agraNI mAMDavalA nivAsI zrI rikhabacaMdajI rUpacaMdajI dAMtevAr3iyA parivAra / mAMDavalA gA~va meM paramAtmA sumatinAtha maMdira meM pratiSThA ke avasara para mUlanAyaka paramAtmA ko birAjamAna karane evaM bAda meM jahAja maMdira kI pratiSThA ke avasara para mUlanAyaka paramAtmA zAMtinAtha prabhu ko birAjamAna karane kA lAbha Apane prApta kara eka kIrtimAna sthApita kiyA thaa| hama dAMtevAr3iyA parivAra ke sahayoga kA anumodana karate hue unake prati apanA AbhAra vyakta karate haiN| sAtha hI hama pUjya gurUdeva zrI evaM gurUvaryA zrI ke AbhArI haiM ki unhoMne grantha ke prakAzana kA zreya isa saMsthA ko pradAna kiyaa| sAdhvI jI ke ujjvala bhaviSya kI maMgala kAmanA karate hue sujJa pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve isa grantha kA svAdhyAya karake lekhikA ke zrama ko sArthakatA pradAna kreN| DaoN. yU. sI. jaina mahAmaMtrI, jahAja maMdira, mANDavalA xxii -

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Atma-nivedana Aja zodha grantha kI pUrNatA ke sunahare paloM meM maiM anahada Ananda kI anubhUti kara rahI huuN| varSoM kA saMjoyA sapanA Aja yathArtha kI dharatI para utara rahA hai| ni:sandeha ye kSaNa mere jIvana kI eka viziSTa upalabdhi ke kSaNa hai| mere Ananda kA kAraNa yaha nahIM hai ki mere nAma ke sAtha eka DigrI jur3a rahI hai apitu yaha hai ki maiMne paramAtmA mahAvIra kI mUla Agama-vANI ko apane svAdhyAya kA viSaya banAkara usakI atala gaharAI meM jAkara rahasyoM ke motI baTorane kA kucha prayAsa kiyA hai| paramAtmA mahAvIra kA sAdhanApakSa evaM jJAnapakSa donoM hI eka-dUsare ke pUraka hai| sAdhanApakSa unakI sahiSNutA ko abhivyaMjita karatA hai to jJAnapakSa unakI sahaja karUNA ko vyakta karatA hai| jisa samaya paramAtmA mahAvIra isa dharA para avatarita hue the, usa samaya anekAneka viSamatAe~ usa yuga kA abhizApa banI huI thii| hiMsA, kadAgraha, durAgraha, pUrvAgraha, vaicArika asahiSNutA, sAmAjika viSamatA Adi vibhinna staroM para Ama janatA apane uccatama mAnavIya jIvana ko bali kA bakarA banA rahI thii| asantoSa tIvratA se jana-mAnasa ko saMtapta kara rahA thaa| samAja kA mArgadarzaka brAhmaNa samAja apane kartavyoM se cyuta hokara bhUle bhaTakoM kA patha-pradarzana karane kI apekSA apanI svArthI pravRttiyoM ke poSaNa meM hI DUba gayA thaa| tyAgI sAdhu-saMnyAsI varga yA to samAja para apanI pakar3a kho cukA thA, yA apanI hI satahI ekAnta-vAdI mAnyatAoM meM ulajhakara anuyAyiyoM ko digbhramita kara rahA thaa| niHsandeha aise Arthika, sAmAjika, vaicArika va vyavahArika viSamatAoM ke bArUda para khar3e mAnava samAja ko eka aise mahApuruSa kI apekSA thI jo unakI samasta pIr3AoM ko apane mahAn AcAra aura vicAra meM sameTa sake, unheM yathArtha mArgadarzana dekara satya mArga kI xxiii

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ora le jA sake, unakA jIvana ajJAna ke a~dhere se jJAna prakAza kI ora mor3a ske| yuga kA pUNya thaa| tatkAlIna janatA kA saubhAgya thA ki unheM usa jahara bhare vAtAvaraNa meM sAkSAt amRtakumbha mila gyaa| alaukika mahApuruSa kI hI nahIM, sAkSAt tIrthaMkara kI pAvana sannidhi prApta ho gyii| niHsandeha paramAtmA mahAvIra usa viSama yuga ke liye amRtamaya varadAna banakara avatarita hue the| paramAtmA mahAvIra kA sAdhanAkAla jahA~ unake prakhara puruSArtha aura Azcaryajanaka sahiSNutA ko abhivyakta karatA hai, vahIM unakA kevalajJAna ke bAda kA samaya unakI sahaja karUNA ko rekhAMkita karatA hai| svayaM to paripUrNa aura kRtakRtya ho cuke the| karane yogya kucha bhI zeSa na thaa| phira bhI unhoMne lagabhaga tIsa varSa taka satat isa dharA ko apanI vANI kI megha-varSA ke dvArA urvarA bnaayaa| isameM mAtra unakI sahaja karUNA hI abhivyakta hotI hai| __ jise dvAdazAMgI kahA jAtA hai, vaha paramAtmA mahAvIra kI mUlavANI hai| cU~ki usa samaya guru paramparA se hI jJAna prApti kI paramparA thI, ata: ye sAre Agama paramAtmA mahAvIra kI vANI hote hue bhI saMkalita kahe jAte hai| parama upakArI devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA bhaviSya kI kalpanA karate hue tIrthaMkara kI vANI ko surakSita karane ke lie lekhana kI paramparA ko prArambha kiyA gyaa| __vartamAna kA yaha yuga jitanA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA kRtajJa hai, utanA hI devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kA bhii| maiM asIma AsthA evaM kRtajJa bhAvoM se bharakara paramAtmA mahAvIra ke pAvana zrI caraNoM me vandanAe~ samarpita karatI haiM aura utanI hI praNatiyA~ usI bhAvanA se Arya devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke caraNoM meM bhii| prastuta Agama usI dvAdazAMgI kA dvitIya Agama hai| jaise-jaise sUtrakRtAMga ke sAgara meM mujhe DUbane kA saubhAgya milA, maiM AdhyAtmika rahasyoM ke motI baToratI rahI aura apane viSaya cunAva para AhlAdita hotI rhii| ____ maiMne isa zodha grantha ko kula sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, jinakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai - xxiv

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prathama adhyAya meM Agama sAhitya kA varNana karate hue usake vistRta paricaya ko prastuta kiyA hai| isameM Agama kI paribhASA, AgamoM ke racayitA, AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa evaM unakI saMkhyA, AgamoM kI vAcanAe~, unakA upalabdha vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya evaM vibhinna sAhityakAroM dvArA unakA anuvAda Adi viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya adhyAya meM sUtrakRtAMga ke vibhinna artha prastuta karate hue sUtrakRtAMga kI mUla viSayavastu kA saMkSipta paricaya dene ke sAtha usase sambandhita anya niyukti, cUrNi, TIkA Adi kA varNana huA hai| sAtha hI grantha ke upalabdha lagabhaga anuvAdoM aura prakAzanoM kA nAmollekha bhI kiyA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM sUtrakRtAMga ke donoM zrutaskaMdhoM ke tebIsa adhyayanoM ke paricaya ko sameTane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / caturtha adhyAya meM sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita samasta dArzanika vAdoM kA tArkika evaM vizada vivecana karate hue unakI vistRta samIkSA kI gayI hai / paMcama adhyAya meM sUtrakRtAMga ke sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa samavasaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda evaM usa samaya cala rahe 363 matoM kA vistRta vizleSaNa karane ke sAtha hI unakA pramANapurassara tarkoM dvArA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM, jina dArzanika matoM kA sUtrakRtAMga meM varNana hai, unakA anya jina-jina aMga AgamoM meM varNana upalabdha hotA hai, unakI samIkSApUrvaka vivecanA kI gayI hai / saptama adhyAya meM sampUrNa sUtrakRtAMga para apanA cintana prastuta karate hue upasaMhAra rUpa sAra likhA gayA hai| isa prakAra saptaadhyAyamaya isa zodhagrantha ke samApana kI velA meM prasannatA honA svAbhAvika hai| jaba maiMne jayanArAyaNa vyAsa vizvavidyAlaya, jodhapura se ema. e. kA adhyayana sampanna kiyA to mere sAmane viSaya cunAva kI jaTila samasyA utpanna huI / jaTila isalie ki maiM Agama sAhitya meM bhI praviSTa honA cAhatI XXV

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thI aura sAtha hI jisa dharma saMgha meM maiM dIkSita huI hU~, usa saMghIya sAhitya ko bhI apanI sevAe~ samarpita karanA cAhatI thii| isa dvandva meM merA khUba samaya biitaa| kabhI isa ora palar3A bhArI hotA to kabhI usa pAra phuNctii| samaya bItatA rahA para nirNAyaka pala kA mujhe lambe samaya taka intajAra karanA pdd'aa| Akhira do varSa pUrva jaba hama jodhapura pravAsa kara rahe the, usa samaya viSaya cunAva hetu pU. guruvaryA zrI ne jaina darzana ke prakhara vidvAna, AdaraNIya, sarala svabhAvI DaoN. zrI dharmacanda jI jaina ko nivedana kiyaa| DaoN. jaina cUMki usa samaya 'jinavANI' patrikA kA Agama vizeSAMka taiyAra kara rahe the, ata: unhoMne turanta hI 'sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana' viSaya para zodha prabandha likhane kA sujhAva diyaa| guruvaryAzrI ke Adeza para maiMne ise turanta svIkAra kara liyaa| jodhapUra pravAsa ke pazcAt kramaza: hama vihAra karate hue cAturmAsa hetu pAlItANA phuNce| rA~kA parivAra dvArA Ayojita caturvidha saMgha ke cAturmAsa kI avadhi meM to samayAbhAva rahA para cAturmAsa samApti ke pazcAt kucha samaya ke lie udayapura se mere parama AdaraNIya, vidvadvarya, puruSArtha ke dhanI DaoN. karnala zrI DI.esa. bayA pdhaare| unake AtmIyatA bhare kar3e upAlambha se hI merA zodha kArya prArambha ho skaa| yadyapi pAlItANA meM zodha ke lie apekSita pustakAlaya kA abhAva thA, phira bhI prArambhika lekhana-paThana kI pUrti ho gyii| Age ke adhyAya-lekhana hetu maiM apane mArgadarzaka, parama tyAgI, indriyajetA DaoN. zrI jitendra bhAI zAha ke Agraha va guruvaryA zrI ke nirdeza se ahamadAbAda phuNcii| ahamadAbAda navaraMgapurA dAdAvAr3I kA zraddhA aura bhakti bharA anukUla vAtAvaraNa.... dAdA gurudeva kI barasatI amRtadhArA ....... hajAroM-lAkhoM kI umar3atI bhiidd'.....| mere liye vaha pAvana parisara varadAna bana gyaa| yahA~ lekhana ke daurAna mujhe jaba-jaba kaThinAI kA ahasAsa huA, gurudeva ne taba-taba mere mAnasa ke banda dvAroM ko udghATita kara merI lekhana yAtrA ko apane AzISa se Alokita kiyaa| una karUNApuMja gurudeva ko merI asIma vandanAe~ samarpita hai| sAtha hI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI zodha saMsthAna kA apekSita sahayoga..... xxvi

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samaya-samaya para mere zodha nirdezaka zrI DaoN. jitendra bhAI kA AtmIya evaM saphala mArgadarzana....! nizcaya hI ye saba kucha mere zodha kArya ko Age bar3hAne meM khUba upayogI rhe| ahamadAbAda pravAsa lagabhaga cAra mAha kA rhaa| tIna adhyAya taka kA lekhana yahA~ sampanna ho gayA para puna: vihAra ke kAraNa lekhana meM avarodha A gyaa| AgAmI cAturmAsa mumbaI hone se hameM akSaya tRtIyA ke bAda turanta hI vihAra karanA pdd'aa| - mumbaI cAturmAsa meM paryuSaNa pazcAt kA sArA samaya zodha grantha ko samarpita rhaa| phira bhI kabhI sambandhita sAhitya kA abhAva, to kabhI vyavasthAoM meM bItatA smy| mumbaI meM cArtumAsa bAda bhI do mAha taka upadhAna tapa ke kAraNa rahanA ho gayA, usa daurAna merA zodha grantha lagabhaga vahA~ pUrA ho gyaa| usake bAda kA kArya bhI kama na thaa| prapha saMzodhana, prastAvanA, sandarbha granthasUcI, viSayAnukramaNikA Adi sArA kArya vihAra yAtrA ke daurAna sampanna ho gyaa| isa prakAra merI yaha zodhayAtrA prArambha gujarAta meM huI, pUrI mahArASTra meM huI aura usakA zeSa kArya karNATaka meM sampanna huaa| tIna rAjyoM kI yAtrA karate hue merI isa zodhayAtrA ko virAma milA hai| ____ yaha to huI merI zodhayAtrA kI carcA para isa zodhayAtrA ke sahayogI bhI kama na the| sarva prathama maiM praNata hU~ merI AsthA ke dIpa, parama pUjya gurudeva upAdhyAyapravara zrI maNiprabhasAgarajI ma.sA. ke prati, jo hajAroM kI bhIr3a aura hajAra vyastatAoM ke bIca bhI pratidina mujhe "zodha kArya ne pragati kI kitanI sIr3hiyA~ pAra kI' yaha pUchanA, samaya-samaya para ise dekhanA, AvazyakatA hone para samajhAnA nahIM bhUlate the| mujhe Age bar3hane kA protsAhana dekara unhoMne eka ora jahA~ guru kI garimA ko gauravAnvita kiyA, to vahIM bar3e bhAI hone ke nAte vAtsalya bhare dAyitva ko bhI bakhUbI nibhaayaa| merI bhAvabharI agaNita vandanA hai pUjya caraNoM meN| ina kSaNoM meM apane priya anuja svAdhyAya premI, mitabhASI zrI xxvii

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manitaprabhajI ke AtmIya sahayoga ko kaise vismRta kara sakatI hU~, jinhoMne apanI svAdhyAya evaM adhyayana sambandhI vyastatAoM ke bAvajUda bhI mere likhe hue adhyAyoM ko apanI sundara lipi meM punarlekhana kara prastuti ke yogya bnaayaa| maiM kRtajJatA jJApana ke dvArA unake prema page apanatva ke bhAvoM kA mUlyAMkana kara use sImita nahIM karanA caahtii| asIma unakI AtmIyatA zabdoM ke dAyare meM simaTa jAye, yaha mujhe kataI abhIpsita nahIM hai| merI hArdika maMgala kAmanAe~ hai anuja muni ke prti| abodha bAlikA, mAtra 6 yA 7 varSa kI umra, kore kAgaja-sA hRdaya aura usI hRdaya para jinake vAtsalya ke chIMTe bikhare... ni:sandeha merI dAdI guru, parama pUjanIyA, Agama jyoti, sva. pravartinIjI zrI pramodazrI jI ma.sA., jinakI hUbahU tasvIra to mere mAnasa paTala para aMkita nahIM hai, zAyada yaha eka bAra hI darzana aura vaha bhI alpa samaya ke liye kiye hue kA hI pariNAma hai| unake divyAzISa ne hI mujhe Aja isa mukAma taka pahu~cAyA hai| merI zraddhAsikta anaMtaza: vandanAe~-samarpita hai una Agama jyoti ke zrIcaraNoM meN| jinakI pAvana sAnnidhyatA hamArA saMbala hai, una parama pUjanIyA samatA cakravartI zrI prakAza zrI jI ma.sA., jinakA asIma vAtsalya bharA saMrakSaNa zizu avasthA meM aura saMyamI jIvana meM sadaiva prApta hotA rahA hai, una parama pUjanIyA, dRr3ha saMkalpa kI dhanI, tAIjI ma. zrI ratanamAlA zrI jI ma.sA. ke pAvana caraNoM meM vinamra vandanAe~ prastuta karane ke sAtha bhaviSya meM bhI unase isI prakAra kI amIvRSTi kI kAmanA karatI huuN| zodha prabandha kI pUrNAhUti ke maMgalamaya ina kSaNoM meM... jIvana ke pratyeka kArya ke prArambha meM jinakA AzISa hI merA Adi maMgala hai, jIvana kI pratyeka upalabdhi meM jinakA kuzala mArgadarzana hI merA Alambana hai, jIvana ke hara kadama para jinakA asIma vAtsalya hI merA saMbala hai, una parama pUjanIyA, parama zraddheyA, mere hRdaya ke kaNa-kaNa meM virAjamAna guruvaryA zrI DaoN. vidyutprabhAzrI jI ma.sA. ke pAvana caraNoM meM zraddhAsaha sarvatobhAvena praNata huuN| mujhe unhoMne jahA~ zaizava kAla meM apanI snehasudhA se bhigoyA, vahIM yuvAvasthA kI ora agrasara hote mere jIvana ko apanI jJAnasudhA kA apratima Aloka pradAna kara saMyama patha para ArUDha kiyaa| ve mere abodha bacapana kI bahina hai, xxviii

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to saMyamI jIvana kI anuzAstA guruvaryA bhI haiN| mujha para unakI vAtsalya - varSA merA janmasiddha adhikAra hai| Aja maiM jo kucha bhI hU~, unhIM kI mahatI kRpA kI badaulata huuN| merI hara saphalatA kA zreya unake zrIcaraNoM meM samarpita hai| prastuta zodha grantha meM merA apanA kucha bhI nahIM hai| unhIM kI bahuzrutatA merI bhAvacetanA meM virAjamAna hokara lekhanI ke mAdhyama se pravAhita huI hai| unakI pAvana preraNA aura punita prasAda se hI merI yaha zodhayAtrA Aja apane mukAma taka pahuMcI hai| anyathA mujha meM vaha yogyatA kahA~ ki kucha likha pAU~? unake upakAroM kA smaraNa asIma anubhUtiyoM meM hai| ve mere apane hai ata: unake prati kRtajJatA jJApana kara maiM apane Apa ko tuccha hI bnaauuNgii| ve mere jIvana ko apanI amIvarSA ke dvArA sadaiva harAbharA rakhe, apanI dRSTikRpA kI mIThI chA~va ke dvArA sadaiva zItala rakhe, unakI jJAna-razmiyoM kA ujjvala-Aloka mere saMyama patha ko sadaiva Alokita karatA rahe...... isI ekamAtra abhIpsA ke sAtha guru caraNoM meM punazca bhAva vndnaa| kRtajJatA jJApana ke ina kSaNoM meM maiM hArdika kRtajJa hU~ merI ananya sahayoginI jyeSTha bhaginI AdaraNIyA zAsanaprabhA jI ma.sA. ke prati, jinakA sneha-sadbhAva bharA sahakAra vairAgya avasthA ke prathama caraNa se lekara Aja taka ni:svArtha bhAva se upalabdha huA hai| unakA apanatvabhAva abhivyakti kA viSaya nahIM, varan merI anubhUtiyoM meM samAhita hai| sAtha hI maiM kRtajJa hU~ gurunizrAntevAsinI, paramapriya bhaginI-vRnda prajJAMjanA jI, dIptiprajJA jI, nItiprajJA jI, vibhAMjanA jI evaM vijJAMjanA jI ke prati, jinase apekSita snehasikta AtmIyatA to milI hI, sAtha hI premabharA sahayoga bhI pUrA-pUrA milaa| samasta sAmudAyika sevAoM se mukta kara unhoMne mujhe adhyayana hetu bharapUra samaya evaM ekAnta upalabdha krvaayaa| maiM unakI sahayogI mAnasikatA ko anubhUta to kara sakatI hU~ para abhivyakti kA jAmA pahanAkara zabdoM ke dAyare meM sameTa nahIM sktii| unakA agAdha sneha mujhe sadaiva milatA rahe, yahI hArdika AkAMkSA hai| vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai bhaginI zrI dIptiprajJAjI evaM vibhAMjanAjI kA premapUrNa sahayoga, jo zodhayAtrA ke daurAna ahamadAbAda pravAsakAla meM milaa| xxix

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prasannatA kI isa maMgalavelA meM mujhase bhI adhika jinake Ananda kI kalpanA maiM kara sakatI hU~, ve hai- AdaraNIya, zraddhAspada zrI Ara. ema. koThArI, AI.e.esa., jodhpur| unakA protsAhana mujhe borDa (dasavIM) kI parIkSA se lekara Aja taka pUrA-pUrA upalabdha rahA / parIkSA yA adhyayana sambandhI kArya meM koI bhI avarodha AyA to turanta hI unhoMne apanI sampUrNa UrjA lagAkara use dUra kiyaa| kabhI unake utsAha bhare sahayoga ke liye Azcarya hotA to kabhI anumodana | vaise unakA roma-roma adhyayana ko hI samarpita hai, jo sarvavidita hai / maiM ina bhAvabhare kSaNoM meM unheM bhI sammilita karanA cAhatI hU~ / jJAna aura vairAgya ke pUrNa saMgama, arhatvANI jinakI jubAM ke sAtha AcaraNa meM bhI abhivyakta hai, aise mere zodhanirdezaka, sAtha hI mere virakta bhAvoM ke vikAsa meM sahayogI zrI jitendrabhAI, jinhoMne apanA anamola samaya aura zrama lagAkara mere zodha-grantha ko samaya-2 para jA~cA tathA usameM Avazyaka saMzodhana karavAye, ke nirmala, nizchala sahayoga ke prati savinaya praNata hU~ / merI zodha - yAtrA jinakI preraNA, upAlaMbha evaM snehasikta nirdezoM se gatizIla huI, una jaina darzana ke gahana adhyetA, jinavANI ko samarpita DaoN. zrI DI.esa. bayA ke vAtsalyasikta bhAvoM ke prati bhI sAdara kRtajJa hU~ / paramaviduSI, adhyayana samarpitA, saralatA kI pratimUrti DaoN. suSamAjI siMghavI kI pUrNa kRtajJa hU~, jinakA snehapUrNa sahakAra mujhe samaya-2 para upalabdha hotA rahA hai / ve bhAratIya darzana kI jahA~ pUrNa viduSI hai, vahIM saMskRta tathA nyAya viSaya kI vizeSajJA / adhyayana aura adhyApana unakA prANa hai, to jinazAsana unakI dhar3akana / udayapura cArtumAsa ke daurAna mujhe unase adhyayana karane kA avasara milA thA aura usa daurAna jaba ve viSaya kA pratipAdana karatI to lagatA, mA~ sarasvatI una para pUrNa meharabAna hai| maiM unake AtmIya sahayoga ke prati hArdika vinata hU~ / maiM apane AdaraNIya, bhaktiniSTha, sarala svabhAvI pitAzrI bAbUlAla jI evaM mAtAjI a. sau. AdaraNIyA zrI kamalAdevI ke prati jitanI bhI kRtajJatA jJApita karU~, merI bAlaceSTA hI hogii| unhoMne mujhe janma hI nahIM diyA apitu jIvana jIne ke saMskAra bhI diye aura saMskAroM ke sAtha hI merI tIvra bhAvanAoM XXX

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ko dekhakara apanI mamatA kA visarjana karate hue mujhe saMyama patha kI ora agrasara hone kI anumati pradAna kii| mujhe jitanA gaurava apane gurujanoM ko pAkara hai, utanA hI garva una jaise mAtA-pitA ko pAkara hai / AbhAra jJApana ke ina kSaNoM meM parama AtmIya gurubhakta zrI dvArakAdAsajI DosI ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karanA merA pAvana kartavya hai / jisa avadhi meM maiMne guruvaryA zrI kI sAnnidhyatA prApta kI thI, usa mumukSu avasthA evaM bAda meM saMyamI jIvana ke daurAna unakA AtmIya sahakAra mujhe sadaiva upalabdha hotA rahA hai / isa maMgala velA meM merI smRtiyoM meM taraMgita ho rahA hai eka pUrNatayA samarpita, zraddhAniSTha parivAra, jinakI sevAe~ kahIM bhI aura kabhI bhI upalabdha ho sakatI hai| hamAre saMgha ko sarvAtmanA samarpita, saralatA kI pratimUrti, sevAbhAvI "jIjI" zrI puSpAjI kA yogadAna mumbaI ke daurAna hI nahIM, yatra-tatra - sarvatra upalabdha hai| mumbaI cAturmAsa ke pazcAt bhAyakhalA dAdAvAr3I meM upadhAna tapa kI ArAdhanA kA vAtAvaraNa thA / ataH maiM apane zodha kArya ke daurAna unake AvAsa para hI rahI aura usa samaya unakI va unake suputra zrI ketana jaina evaM cetana jaina Adi sabhI kI jo AtmIyatA rahI, vaha mere smRti koSa kI amulya amAnata hai / - upalabdhi ke ina kSaNoM meM prasannatA se adhika mAnasa avasAda grasta hai| kitanA acchA hotA niyati merI bhAvanAoM se itanA adhika khilavAr3a na karatI aura mere jIvana ke mahattvapUrNa una kSaNoM meM unake mu~ha se " badhAI" zabda suntii| unake abhAva kI merI yaha duniyA sarvasampanna hone para bhI Aja kucha zUnyatA kA ahasAsa kara rahI hai / hamAre sampUrNa saMgha ke pitRpuruSa, vAtsalyacetA zrI harakhacandajI nAhaTA kI pAvana smRti ko hI praNAma kara santoSa karanA par3a rahA hai| bahuta adhika vAtsalya milA thA mujhe unase / Aja bhI unase jur3I huI ghaTanAe~ mastiSka meM ubharakara unake hone kA sukhada ahasAsa karA jAtI hai / maiMne zodhagrantha ke lekhana meM lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI vidyA mandira ahamadAbAda, harivihAra pAlItANA, sAhitya mandira pAlItANA, jahAja mANDavalA, mahAvIra svAmI derAsara - mumbaI, dAdAvAr3I - pUnA Adi mandira xxxi - -

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ke pustakAlayoM kA pUrA-pUrA upayoga kiyA hai| vahA~ ke vyavasthApakoM ke sahayogI bhAvoM kA maiM hArdika anumodana karatI huuN| prastuta zodha kI sampUrti meM jJAta-ajJAta, pratyakSa vA parokSa, jinajinakA sahayoga mujhe milA hai, unakA sasammAna smaraNa karate hue mujhe Atmika AhlAda kI anubhUti ho rahI hai| bhaviSya meM bhI una sabakA sahayoga mujhe milatA rahegA, aisI AzA hI nahIM apitu pUrNa vizvAsa hai| anta meM paramakalyANI, vizvatApasaMhAriNI Agama vANI ko agaNita zraddhA bhAvoM se namana karatI huI samarpaNa ke ina zabdoM meM merA bhI svara milAne ke nivedana ke sAtha tvadIyameva govinda, tubhyameva samarpaye...... vinamra sAdhvI nIlAMjanA gurupUrNimA, I.sa. 2004 zrI jinakuzalasUri dAdAvAr3I, beMgalora (karnATaka)

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viSayAnukramaNikA xvi maMgalAmRtam zreyovAk prajJAbhinandanA prazaMsanIya nUtana prasthAna AnandAnubhUti suprabhAtam vardhApanA Atma-nivedana xvii xix xxi xxiii 37 37 37 38 1. jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana 1. vaidika saMskRti 2. zramaNa saMskRti 3. jaina zramaNa paramparA 4. bauddha zramaNa paramparA Agama sAhitya Agama kA mahatva 7. Agama ke paryAyavAcI zabda 8. Agama zabda kI vyutpatti evaM paribhASA 9. AgamoM ke prakAra 10. AgamoM ke racayitA 11. AgamoM kI prAmANikatA 12. AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa 39 41 41 41 44 45 46 47

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13. 14. AgamoM kI saMkhyA 15. AgamoM kI bhASA 16. AgamoM kI vAcanAe~ AgamoM kI racanA ke prakAra 17. Agama viccheda kA krama 18. Agama lekhana yuga 19. AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya : niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi evaM TIkA sAhitya 20. anuvAda paramparA 6. 7. 8. - 2. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya 1. sUtrakRtAMga kA artha 2. sUtrakRtAMga ke racanAkAra sUtrakRtAMga kA racanAkAla 3. 4. sUtrakRtAMga kI racanA zailI sUtrakRtAMga eka vizleSaNa 5. 9. (1) zrutaskaMdha (2) adhyayana (3) uddezaka (4) padaparimANa (5) vAcanA (6) anuyoga dvAra (7) chaMda (8) niyukti (9) pratipatti sUtrakRtAMga kI viSayavastu sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA saMkSipta adhyayana paricaya sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA vyAkhyA sAhitya (1) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti (2) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi (3) sUtrakRtAMga TIkA (4) sUtrakRtAMga vArtika sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke anuvAda hindI gujarAtI aMgrejI xxxiv 52 53 53 55 59 59 60 65 71 71 73 74 75 76 80 81 85 85 87 89 91 92 92 94 95

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101 101 108 114 122 128 135 139 144 148 150 151 156 161 3. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana prathama zrutaskaMdha 1. samaya adhyayana . 2. vaitAliya adhyayana 3. upasarga parijJA adhyayana 4. strI parijJA adhyayana 5. naraka vibhakti adhyayana 6. vIra stuti adhyayana 7. kuzIla paribhASA adhyayana 8. vIrya adhyayana 9. dharma adhyayana 10. samAdhi adhyayana 11. mArga adhyayana 12. samavasaraNa adhyayana 13. yAthAtathya adhyayana 14. grantha adhyayana 15. jamatIta adhyayana 16. gAthA adhyayana dvitIya zrutaskaMdha 1. puNDarIka adhyayana 2. kriyAsthAna adhyayana 3. AhAraparijJA adhyayana 4. pratyAkhyAna adhyayana 5. AcArazruta - aNagArazruta adhyayana 6. ArdrakIya adhyayana 7. nAlandIya adhyayana 4. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa 1. paMcamahAbhUtavAda 2. ekAtmavAda 3. tajjIva-taccharIravAda 164 168 170 173 179 189 195 198 201 214 223 223 235 240 XXXV

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1. akArakavAda 248 5. AtmaSaSThavAda 255 6. kSaNikavAda 260 niyativAda 268 8. karmopacayaniSedhavAda 280 9. jagatkartRtvavAda 288 10. avatAravAda 309 11. lokavAda 315 12. sUtrakRtAMga meM vibhinna mokSavAdiyoM kI mithyA dhAraNAe~ 323 5. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke samavasaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata 331 1. ajJAnavAda 331 2. vinayavAda 344 3. akriyAvAda 348 kriyAvAda 355 6. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 361 1. pramukha jainAgamoM meM varNita paMcamahAbhUtavAda tathA tajjIva-taccharIravAda kI samIkSA 361 2. niyativAda kA anya AgamoM meM prastutikaraNa AgamoM meM jagatkartRtvavAda kA ullekha evaM usakA khaNDana sthAnAMga sUtra meM varNita akriyAvAda evaM dArzanika mAnyatAe~ 385 5. bhagavatI sUtra meM avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA kA khaNDana 388 6. AgamoM meM lokavAda kI vicAraNA 389 7. upasaMhAra sandarbha grantha-sUcI 409 373 382 00 00 397

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1 jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana bhAratIya saMskRti prAcInakAla se hI do dhArAoM meM vibhakta hokara pravAhita hotI rahI hai - vaidika saMskRti evaM zramaNa saMskRti / vaidika saMskRti vaidika saMskRti ke sarvAdhika prAcIna evaM pramANabhUta grantha cAra veda haiN| veda ke anuyAyI ina vedoM ko anAdi tathA apaurUSeya mAnate haiN| inake anusAra veda grantha kisI vyakti vizeSa dvArA nirmita nahIM hai / ataH ve apauruSaya hone se svataH pramANabhUta haiN| ina vedoM kI viSayavastu hai - vibhinna devI-devatAoM kI stuti tathA yajJayAga Adi kI mahattA / ina vedoM ke AdhAra para hI brAhmaNa tathA AraNyaka granthoM kA nirmANa huA hai aura isI kAraNa inameM yajJa Adi karmakANDoM ko mukhyatA dI gaI hai| ina vedoM ke pazcAt upaniSad, gItA, mahAbhArata, dharmasUtra tathA smRti Adi aneka aise granthoM kI racanA huI, jo vaidika dharma sAdhanA tathA AcAravicAra ke mArgadarzaka grantha mAne jAte haiN| isa vaidika saMskRti meM varNa vyavasthA kA svara bhI mukhya rahA hai aura varNa vyavasthA ke antargata cU~ki brAhmaNa varNa sarvazreSTha mAnya kiyA gayA ataH isakA apara nAma brAhmaNa saMskRti bhI rahA hai| zramaNa saMskRti zramaNa saMskRti anAdikAla se calI A rahI AcAra pradhAna saMskRti hai / isa saMskRti kA mukhya svara ahiMsA, anekAnta evaM aparigraha rahA hai / Aja se 2500 varSa pUrva zramaNa mahAvIra ke samakAlIna hI jaba mahAtmA buddha kA udaya jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 37

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huA to zramaNa saMskRti svata: hI do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita ho gaI - jaina zramaNa paramparA evaM bauddha zramaNa paramparA / jaina zramaNa paramparA isa saMskRti kA mukhya lakSya vicAroM kI nirmalatA evaM AcAra kI pavitratA rahA hai| rAga-dveSa kI granthiyoM se jo sarvathA mukta ho cuke haiM athavA mukta hone ke liye satata saMyama sAdhanA meM pUrNa prayatnazIla haiM, ve nirgrantha zramaNa kahalAte hai| unheM jaina bhikSu ke rUpa meM bhI sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| isa nirgrantha zramaNa saMskRti ke praNetA ve vItarAga sarvajJa hote haiM, jo rAgadveSa rUpa Atma zatruoM ko sampUrNata: apanI AtmA se alaga kara dete haiM evaM pariNAmasvarUpa apanI AtmA meM kabhI bhI naSTa na hone vAlA kevalajJAna kA ananta aura akhaNDa Aloka prakaTa karate haiN| apane usI kevalajJAna ke prakAza meM vastu kA jaisA svarUpa evaM svabhAva ve dekhate haiM, usako vaisA hI apane zrImukha se varNita karate haiN| inake dvArA prarUpita vacana hI Apta vacana yA Agama kahalAte haiN| Agama arthAt tattvajJAna, AtmajJAna yA AcAra-vicAra ko samyaka sambodha dene vAle zAstra-vacana / ye Agama hI jaina dharma, darzana tathA saMskRti ke mukhya AdhAra stambha evaM saMvAhaka haiN| bauddha zramaNa paramparA mahAtmA buddha ke ziSya evaM anuyAyI zAkya athavA bauddha bhikSu khlaaye| inakA AcAra madhyama mArga kahalAtA hai| inakI saMskRti meM karuNA kI mukhyatA hai| ye AcAra kI kaThoratA itanI hI svIkArate haiM, jitanI sAmAnya rUpa se sahana kI jA ske| inakA prasiddha vAkya hai - vINA ke tAra utane mata kaso ki tAra TUTa jAya aura itanA DhIlA bhI na chor3o ki tAra baje hI nhiiN| inake mukhya grantha haiM- bauddha tripittk| jaina evaM vaidika saMskRti meM antara - jaina saMskRti adhyAtma pradhAna rahI hai| isake praNetA sarvajJa kevalajJAnI tIrthaMkara paramAtmA rahe haiM jabaki vaidika saMskRti meM karmakANDa, yajJa, yAgAdi evaM varNa vyavasthA kI pradhAnatA rahI hai| isake praNetA koI viziSTa vyakti na hokara Izvara ko mAnA jAtA hai| 38 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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Agama sAhitya jaina Agama jaina darzana kI yA bhAratIya saMskRti kI hI nahIM apitu sampUrNa vizva kI anamola sampadA hai| isameM mAtra jaina darzana kI mAnyatAoM ko hI puSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu isameM sampUrNa vizva kA khagola, bhUgola aura vijJAna viSaya bhI samAviSTa hai| isakA bAhya kalevara jitanA vizAla evaM virATa najara AtA hai, cintana bhI utanA hI vizAla, gaharA evaM sUkSma hai| jainAgama kA lakSya kisI darzana kA khaNDana yA nirasana na hokara mAtra vastu svarUpa kA yathArtha avalokana hai| ina jainAgamoM ke praNetA na to dArzanika the, na bauddhika / na rAjyAzrita the, na prasiddhi icchuka / aisA bhI nahIM hai ki jainAgama kisI vyakti vizeSa kI dharohara hai| jaina darzana kI yaha spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki jaba koI AtmA-vizeSa anAdikAlIna jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ina cAra ghAtI karmoM (jinase AtmA ke ananta guNoM kA ghAta hotA hai) kA kSaya kara letA hai, apane pracaNDa puruSArtha se AtmA kI malInatA ko sampUrNa dho detA haiM, rAga-dveSa kA sampUrNa kSaya kara letA haiM, utkRSTa sAdhanA ke bala se vikAra mukta hokara guNa sthAnaka kA kramaza: ArohaNa karate hue anantajJAna/kevalajJAna ko upalabdha hotA hai, taba vaha sarvajJa kahalAtA haiN| isa sarvajJatA kI sthiti meM AtmA kI suSupta samasta zaktiyA~ zata-pratizata udghATita ho jAtI haiN| aise sarvajJa kevalajJAnI paramAtmA ke vacana hI Apta vacana athavA Agama kahalAte haiM kyoMki kevalajJAnI paramAtmA ke vacana hI nirdoSa ho sakate haiN| jaba taka AtmA rAga-dveSa yukta hai, taba taka usakA kathana na to nirdoSa ho sakatA hai aura na avisaMvAdI ho sakatA hai| avisaMvAdI arthAt pUrvApara virodha se rhit| una tIrthaMkara kevalanAnI paramAtmA kI janakalyANakAriNI, prANImAtra ke saMbodha ke liye bahI vANI rUpI amRtadhArA ko mahAna, prajJAvAna gaNadhara bhagavanta apanI prakhara pratibhA se dvAdazAMgI ke rUpa meM grathita karate haiM aura vahIM Agama kahalAte haiN| atthaM bhArasai arahA, suttaM guMthaMti gaNaharA niuNaM / sAsaNassa hiyaTThAe, tao sUttaM pavattai / / ' arihanna paramAnmA artha rUpI vANI kA pravacana karate haiM tathA zAsana ke hita ke liye gaNadhara bhagavanta use sUtrabaddha karate haiN| jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 39

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yaha AgamavANI hI Aja tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kI anupasthiti meM hamArI AtmA kA mArgadarzana karatI hai| yahI hamAre jIvana kalyANa kA mukhya AdhAra evaM srota hai| ina AgamoM ko hama apekSAkRta zAzvata bhI kaha sakate haiM aura azAzvata bhii| yaha AgamavANI artharUpa meM anAdikAla se vidyamAna hai aura anAdikAla taka vidyamAna rahegI isa apekSA se zAzvata hai, parantu zabda rUpa meM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke samaya meM unake apane gaNadhara dvAdazAMgI kA nirmANa karate haiM ata: azAzvata bhI hai| ina AgamoM kI eka viziSTatA yaha bhI hai ki isake sraSTA yadyapi AtmajJa yA Atma sAdhaka hai, parantu isakI viSayavastu atyanta vyApaka hai| ata: AgamoM kA parizIlana mAtra mokSAbhilASI yA AtmakalyANa ke icchuka sAdhakoM ke liye hI upayogI nahIM hai, apitu pratyeka viSaya kA jijJAsu jainAgamoM se icchAnusAra samasta prakAra kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna pA sakatA hai| yaha nirvivAda rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jainAgama jIvana meM eka nayA vizvAsa, nayA AzvAsa aura nayI cetanA kA saMcAra karate haiN| ye grantha jahA~ eka ora AtmotthAna kI bhUmikA prastuta karate haiM, vahIM vyavahArika jIvana kI saphalatA kA AdhAra bhI banate haiN| inameM jahA~ AtmA kI zAzvata sattA kA udghoSa hai, vahIM saMsAra evaM sAMsArika samasta padArthoM ke prati asAratA kA bodha bhI gUMjatA hai| . Agama meM jo kucha varNita hai, vaha sarvajJa bhagavantoM kA anubhUta satya hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki inameM AtmasAdhanA kA jaisA kramika evaM vaijJAnika vivecana upalabdha hotA hai, vaisA kisI bhI bhAratIya sAhitya yA pAzcAtya sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hotaa| bhAratIya sAhitya ke kisI darzana meM adhyAtmavAda upalabdha hotA hai, to kisI meM lokacintana / jaise vedoM meM AdhyAtmika cintana alpamAtrA meM hai, parantu upaniSad meM mAtra Atmacintana hI hai| inameM brahmavAda va adhyAtma kI avadhAraNA itanI gambhIra hai ki use samajhanA jana-sAdhAraNa ke liye asambhava hai| pAzcAtya sAhitya kA to vikAsa hI AlocanA kI bhUmikA para hotA hai| jarmana dArzanika suprasiddha anveSaka evaM jijJAsu harmana kodhI, DaoNkTara zubiMga Adi mukta hRdaya se svIkAra karate haiM ki darzana aura jIvana kA, AcAra aura vicAra kA, bhAvanA aura kartavya kA santulita vivecana evaM samanvaya jaisA jainAgamoM meM huA hai, vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| 40 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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Agama kA mahattva bhAratIya sAhityAkAza meM jainAgama prakharatA ke sAtha Aditya kI taraha daidIpyamAna hai| vaidika paramparA meM jo sthAna vedoM kA hai, bauddha paramparA meM jo sthAna tripiTaka kA hai, pArasI dharma meM jo sthAna uvestA kA hai, IsAI dharma meM jo sthAna bAIbila kA hai, jaina paramparA meM vahI sthAna AgamoM kA hai| vedoM meM ekAntavAsI saMnyasta RSimuniyoM ke vicAroM kA saMkalana hai, to tripiTaka mahAtmA buddha kI karuNA kA pratibimba hai| AgamoM meM tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kI parama nirmala aura nirdoSa manISA avirala chalakatI hai| praznavyAkaraNa meM kahA hai - 'savva jagajIva rakkhaNadayaTThayAe pAvayaNaM bhagavayA sukahiyaM' saMsAra ke carAcara samasta jIvoM kI rakSA tathA kalyANa ke liye bhagavAn dvArA pravacana diyA gyaa| Agama ke paryAyAvAcI zabda Agama zabda ke sArthaka aneka paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdha hote haiN| ina sabhI zabdoM ke bhinna-bhinna artha hote haiM, para ye sabhI artha AgamoM ke sAtha saTIka lAgU hote haiN| jaina zAstroM ko zruta, sutta yA Agama kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi vartamAna meM Agama zabda adhika prayoga meM Ane lagA hai, parantu prAcInakAla meM zruta zabda kA adhika upayoga huA hai| zrutakevalI, zrutasthavira' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga AgamoM meM bahutAyata se huA hai, parantu Agama kevalI yA Agama sthavira zabda upalabdha nahIM hotaa| sUtra, grantha, siddhAnta, pravacana, AjJA, vacana, upadeza, prajJApana, Agama,' Apta vacana, etihya, AmnAya, jinavacana ye sAre Agama ke hI payAryavAcI zabda haiN| zruta kA zAbdika artha hai- sunA huA arthAt tIrthaMkaroM se sunA huA jJAna 'zrutajJAna' kahalAtA hai| cU~ki yaha jJAna guru paramparA se sunakara hI kramaza: calatA thA isaliye bhI 'zruta' yA 'suya' kahalAtA thaa| saMskRta vyAkaraNa zAstriyoM ne isI ko sUtra rUpa de diyaa| Agama zabda kI vyutpatti evaM paribhASA AG upasarga pUrvaka gamtRgatau dhAtu se ghaJ pratyaya lagane para Agama zabda jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 41

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niSpanna hotA hai / ' AG upasarga kA prayoga ISad abhivyApta Adi arthoM meM hotA hai / AGa upasarga ke sAtha 'ata sAtatya gamane' dhAtu se bAhulakAt aG pratyaya lagane para bhI Agama zabda banatA hai| amarakoSakAra ne nimna arthoM meM AG kA nirdeza kiyA hai - 'AGISadarthe abhivyAptau sImArthe dhAtu yogaje" arthAt AG upasarga ISad, abhivyApti, sImA aura dhAtuyoga ina arthoM ke lie prayukta hotA hai / AG upasarga kA artha hai- A samantAt arthAt pUrNa / gam dhAtu kA artha hai- gati athavA prApti / yaha siddhAnta hai ki 'ye gatyarthakAH te jJAnArthakA api bhavanti' jo dhAtue~ gatyarthaka hotI haiM, ve jJAnArthaka bhI hotI hI hai| isa nyAya se gam dhAtu ko jJAnArthaka mAnane para pUrNa kA jJAna yA pUrNatA kI prApti rUpa hI Agama hai, yaha artha prakaTa hotA hai / jo satata gamana kare, satata jJAna meM lIna hai, yA jo jJAna kA AdhAra hai, use Agama kahate haiM / 'A' kA prayoga pANinI ne maryAdA yA abhividhi ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / " Avazyaka niyuktikAra ne likhA hai - 'AG abhividhi maryAdArthatvAt abhividhinA maryAdayA vA gamaH pariccheda: Agama: " arthAt jisa jJAna ko samyak rUpa se prApta kiyA jAya yA jo jJAna maryAdA pUrvaka guru-ziSya paramparA se A rahA hai, use Agama kahate haiN| sAhitya meM 'gam' zabda kA prayoga aneka arthoM meM hotA pAyA jAtA hai| amarakoSa meM ise gamana kA paryAya mAnA hai| 'yAtrAvrajyAminiryANaM prasthAnaM gamanaM gama' | jahA~ maryAdA pUrvaka prasthAna hai, zAzvata yAtrA ke niyamoM kI jahA~ udghoSaNA hai, use Agama kahate haiM / Agama zabda kI jaina dArzanikoM evaM AcAryoM ne aneka paribhASAe~ prastuta kI hai| jisase padArthoM kA maryAdApUrvaka yathArthabodha ho, vaha Agama hai|" Apta vacana se utpanna artha (padArtha) jJAna Agama kahalAtA hai|" jisase sahI zikSA prApta hotI hai, vizeSa jJAna upalabdha hotA hai, vaha zAstra Agama yA zrutajJAna kahalAtA hai / " jisase vastu tattva kA pUrNa jJAna prApta ho, vaha Agama hai|" jisase maryAdA ke sAtha padArthoM kA pUrNa jJAna ho, vaha Agama hai|" ina paribhASAoM ke anusAra Agama zabda sampUrNa zruta sAhitya kA paricAyaka 42 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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hai| parantu jaina sAhitya meM 'Agama' zabda samasta zrutajJAna kA saMvAhaka na hokara vizeSa granthoM ke liye hI prastuta hotA hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu svAmI Agama kI vizeSa paribhASA dete hue kahate haiMtapa, niyama, jJAna rUpa vRkSa para ArUr3ha hokara anantajJAnI kevalI bhagavAna bhavyAtmAoM ke vibodha ke liye jJAnakusumoM kI vRSTi karate haiM aura gaNadhara apane buddhi paTa meM una sakala puSpoM ko jhelakara pravacana mAlA gUMthate haiN|'' niyamasAra meM yaha spaSTa kahA hai ki jo tIrthaMkara se udabhuta hai, vaha Agama hai|'' tIrthaMkara paramAtmA ke mukhAravinda se vinirgata, sampUrNa vastuoM ke vistAra ke samarthana meM dakSa evaM catura vacana ko Agama kahate haiN| vItarAga sarvajJa prabhU dvArA kathita SaDdravya evaM sapta tatvAdi kA samyaka zraddhAna evaM jJAna tathA vratAdi ke anuSThAna rUpa cAritra isa prakAra ratnatraya kA svarUpa jisameM pratipAdita hai, use Agama zAstra kahate haiN|" heya aura upAdeya rUpa se cAra vargoM kA samAzrayaNa kara tInoM kAloM meM vidyamAna padArthoM kA jo nirUpaNa karatA hai, vaha Agama hai|0 aisA nahIM hai ki Agama zabda jaina darzana meM hI prayukta huA hai, apitu jainetara paramparA meM bhI Agama zabda kA bharapUra upayoga huA hai| tantra sAhitya ke lakSmI tantra ke upodghAta pRSTha 1 meM varNita hai ki anAdikAla se guru paramparA se jo Agata zAstra sandarbha hai, vaha Agama hai| svacchanda tantra meM Agama kI viziSTatA isa prakAra prakaTa huI hai- adRSTavigrahAt zAntAcchivAt paramakAraNAt dhvanirUpaM viniSkrAMtaM zAstraM prmdurlbhm| abhUrtAda gaganAdyadvannirdhAto jAyate mahAna zAntAtasavinbhayAt tadrucchabdAkhyaM shaastrm|| isI taraha rUdrayAmala tantra meM bhI nirdeza milatA hai- 'Agata: zivavaktrebhyo gataccha girijAnane / bhagnazca hRdayAmbhoje tasmAdAgama ucyte|| yogadarzana meM svIkRta tIna pramANoM meM se Agama bhI eka pramANa hai| pratyakSAnumAnA -gama: pramANAni / vijJAnabhikSu ne yoga Agama kA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA hai- bhrama, pramAda, ut-kaTalipsA, akuzalatAdi doSoM se rahita AptapuruSa kI vANI ko Agama kahate haiN| sAMkhya darzana bhI tIna pramANa mAnate haiM, pratyakSa, anumAna aura shbd| zabda hI Agama hai| Aptopadeza: zabdaH / mATharavRttikAra ne Agama kI vyAkhyA karate hue bhagavAn kapila ke vacana ko uddhRta kiyA jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 43

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Agamo hyAptavacanamAptadoSakSayAd viduH / kSaNadoSonRtaM vAkyaM na bruuyaadvaitvsNbhvaat| svakarmaNyamiyukto yo raagdvessvivrjitH| pUjitastadvidhainitya mApto jJeyaH sa taadRshH| arthAt Aptavacana ko Agama kahate haiN| doSoM se jo zUnya ho, usako Apta kahate haiN| doSa zUnya vyakti kabhI jhUTha nahIM bola sktaa| jo apane karma meM tatpara ho, rAga dveSa rahita ho, aise hI logoM se sammAnita ho, use Apta kahate haiN| nyAyadarzana cAra pramANa mAnatA hai - pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura shbd| nyAyasUtrakAra gautama ne AptopadiSTa vacana ko zabda pramANa mAnA hai| isa prakAra Agama zabda ko sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika sAhityakAroM ne vyApaka artha meM svIkAra kiyA hai| bhagavatI tathA sthAnAMga' Adi meM Agama zabda zAstra ke artha meM, AcArAMga sUtra meM Agama zabda kA prayoga jAnane ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai- 'AgamettA ANavejjA | vyavahArabhASya meM saMghadAsagaNI ne Agama-vyavahAra kA varNana karate hue usake do bheda kiye haiM- pratyakSa aura parokSa / pratyakSa meM avadhi, manaHparyava aura kevalajJAna evaM parokSa meM caturdaza pUrva evaM unase nyUna zrutajJAna kA samAveza hai|' isase spaSTa hai ki jo jJAna hai, vaha Agama hai| sarvajJa dvArA diyA gayA upadeza jJAna hone ke kAraNa Agama hI hai| AgamoM ke prakAra Agama do prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM - laukika evaM lokottara / jo zAstra Atma zuddhi meM sahAyaka banate haiM, ve lokottara evaM jo vyavahAra jagata ko calAne meM sahAyyabhUta hote haiM, ve laukika zAstra kahalAte haiN| lokottara Agama ke eka apekSA se tIna bheda haiM - suttAgama, atthAgama evaM tadubhayAgama -32 eka anya apekSA se bhI Agama ke tIna bheda upalabdha hote haiM -AtmAgama, anantarAgama aura prmpraagm| Agama sUtrAtmaka evaM arthAtmaka do prakAra ke hote haiN| tIrthaMkara prabhu artha rUpa Agama kA upadeza dete haiM ata: arthAtmaka Agama tIrthaMkaroM kA AtmAgama mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki vaha unakA svayaM kA hai| kisI anya se unhoMne liyA nahIM hai| parantu vahI arthAgama gaNadharoM ke lie anantarAgama kahalAtA hai, kyoMki ve use tIrthaMkara paramAtmA se grahaNa karate hai| usa arthAgama ke AdhAra para gaNadhara sUtra racanA karate 44 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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haiN| isaliye sUtrAtmaka Agama gaNadharoM ke lie AtmAgama hote haiN| gaNadharoM ke sAkSAt ziSyoM ko gaNadharoM se sUtrAgama sIdhA hI milatA hai, ata: unake lie vaha anantarAgama kahalAtA hai| gaNadharoM ke ziSya-praziSya aura unakI paramparA meM hone vAle anya ziSya aura praziSyoM ke lie vahI sUtra aura artha donoM paramparAgama hai| 33 uparokta vibhinna vivecana dvArA spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki Agama tIrthaMkara paramAtmA dvArA upadiSTa evaM gaNadhara bhagavantoM dvArA grathita Apta vacana hai / AgamoM ke racayitA yadyapi Agama praNetA tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kahalAte haiM, parantu inakA saMkalana gaNadhara bhagavaMta karate haiN| jisa dvAdazAMgI kI racanA gaNadhara bhagavanta karate haiM, unheM gaNipiTaka kahA jAtA hai| tIrthaMkara kevala artha rUpa upadeza dete haiM evaM gaNadhara use sUtrabaddha karate haiM / " aura isI kAraNa AgamoM meM yatra-tatra 'tassaNaM ayamaTTe paNate' zabda kA prayoga huA hai / parantu yaha bAta spaSTa samajha lenI cAhie ki AgamoM kI prAmANikatA gaNadharoM ke kAraNa nahIM apitu tIrthaMkara prabhu kI vItarAgatA evaM unakI sarvajJatA ke kAraNa hai| AgamoM ko eka apekSA se tIrthaMkara praNIta bhI kahA jAtA hai | 35 jaina anuzruti ke anusAra gaNadhara ke samAna hI anya pratyekabuddha ( sthavira ) nirUpita Agama bhI pramANa rUpa hote haiN| " gaNadhara to mAtra dvAdazAMgI kI racanA hI karate haiM, parantu aMgabAhya AgamoM kI racanA sthavira karate haiN| 7 Agama nirmANa kI prakriyA isa prakAra hai- jisa samaya tIrthaMkara paramAtmA gaNadharoM ko dIkSita karate haiM, usI samaya gaNadhara paramAtmA se jijJAsA karate haiMprabho ! tattva kyA hai ? paramAtmA eka zabda meM samAdhAna dete haiM- 'uppannei vA' / gaNadhara dubArA prazna karate haiM- tattva kyA hai ? prabhu usI prazna ke javAba meM dUsarA uttara prastuta karate haiM- 'vigamei vA' / punaH gaNadhara prazna karate haiM- tattva kyA hai ? prabhu kahate haiM- 'dhuvei vA' / isa tripadI ko AdhAra banAkara gaNadhara prabhu sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI kI racanA antarmuhUrta kI avadhi meM karate haiN|" isa dvAdazAMgI ko aMgapraviSTa Agama kahA jAtA hai, anya Agama aMgabAhya kahalAte haiM / yaha bhI spaSTata: samajha lenA cAhiye ki gaNadharakRta samasta racanAyeM aMga Agama ke antargata samAviSTa nahIM hotI / mAtra yaha dvAdazAMgI hI aMga Agama ke jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 45

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antargata AtI hai, kyoMki yahI tripadI se udbhUta hai / tripadI ke atirikta jinakA bhI nirmANa svatantra rUpa se hotA hai, ve samasta racanAe~ gaNadharakRta ho yA sthavirakRta, aMgabAhya kahalAtI haiM / sthavira bhI do prakAra ke hote haiM - sampUrNa zrutajJAnI aura dazapUrvI / sampUrNa zrutajJAnI se tAtparya hai ki ve caudaha pUrvadhara hote haiM / ve sUtra aura artha rUpa se sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI ke jJAtA hote haiN| unake dvArA kathita athavA likhita koI bhI vAkya mUla jinAgama ke virUddha nahIM hotA / bRhatkalpabhASya" meM unake liye kahA jAtA hai ki jo kucha tIrthaMkara paramAtmA kahate hai, usI ko zrutakevalI bhI kaha sakate haiM / zrutakevalI aura tIrthaMkara kevalI meM jJAna kI apekSA se koI bheda nahIM hotA / jisa tattva aura satya ko tIrthaMkara apane jJAna dvArA pratyakSa anubhUta karate haiM, usI tattva ko zrutakevalI parokSa rUpa se zrutajJAna dvArA jAnate haiN| inake vacana kI prAmANikatA kA mahattvapUrNa kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki caudaha pUrvadhArI yA daza pUrvadhArI zrutakevalI niyamataH samyakadRSTi hI hote haiM / 10 40 AgamoM kI prAmANikatA 'tameva saccaM nisaMkaM jaM jiNehiM paveiyaM " yaha vAkya cU~ki unake romaroma meM ramA huA hotA hai ataH ye caudaha yA daza pUrvadhara jo bhI nirUpaNa karate haiM, vaha sampUrNataH satya tathA zraddhA se svIkArya hotA hai| zrutakevalI aura tIrthaMkara kevalI meM itanA hI bheda hai ki zrutakevalI kA jJAna parata: pramANa hai aura tIrthaMkara kA jJAna svata: pramANa hai| zrutakevalI kA jJAna isaliye prAmANika hai ki vaha paramAtmA dvArA prarUpita dvAdazAMgI kI kasauTI para kasA huA hotA hai| isase yahI phalitArtha hotA hai ki vahI jJAna prAmANika hai, jo paramAtmA dvArA prarUpita dvAdazAMgI ke artha kA anusaraNa karatA hai / jo viparIta hai, vaha aprAmANika mAnA jAtA hai / sampUrNa jJAna kA mukhya srota hI yaha mUla dvAdazAMgI hai / daza pUrva yA isase adhika ke jJAnI kabhI dvAdazAMgI ke virUddha prarUpaNA kara hI nahIM sakate aura isaliye inake dvArA racita evaM kathita zruta samyak zruta kahalAtA hai / daza se kama pUrvoM ke jJAtA sthaviroM dvArA racita zruta anivAryataH samyak nahIM hotaa| vaha samyak ho bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI / 46 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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AgamoM kA vargIkaraNa prathama vargIkaraNa jaina AgamoM kA sarvaprathama vargIkaraNa samavAyAMga meM upalabdha hotA hai| isa aMga meM pUrva evaM aMga ke rUpa meM samasta Agama sAhitya ko vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| pUrva saMkhyA kI dRSTi se caudaha the aura aMga bAraha / 1. pUrva - pUrva Agama sAhitya kI adabhuta ratnapeTikA hai| aisA eka bhI viSaya nahIM hai jo isameM samAhita na ho| inakI racanA va artha ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM vibhinna mata haiN| navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ke anusAra dvAdazAMgI se pUrva hI pUryoM kA nirmANa kiyA gayA thA aura isI kAraNa inheM pUrva sAhitya kahA jAtA hai| kucha AgamajJa itihAsakAroM ke anusAra pUrva pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI paramparA kA sAhitya hai| prabhu mahAvIra ke pUrvavartI hone ke kAraNa inheM pUrva kahA gayA hai| jo bhI ho, itanA taya hai ki pUrva sAhitya kA nirmANa dvAdazAMgI se pahale huA hai| vartamAna meM pUrva sAhitya dvAdazAMgI se pRthak nahIM mAnA jAtA kyoMki dRSTivAda, jo bArahavA~ aMga Agama hai, usake pA~ca vibhAga hai| ina sabhI ke nAmollekha upavibhAga sahita nandIsUtra meM upalabdha hai| pA~ca vibhAga isa prakAra hai- 1. parikarma, 2. sUtra, 3. pUrvagata, 4. anuyoga tathA 5. cUlikA / tRtIya pUrvagata vibhAga meM caudaha pUrva samAviSTa ho jAte haiN| inakA jJAna gyAraha aMgoM se bhI anantaguNA hai| jaina anuzruti ke anusAra mahAvIra prabhu ne sarvaprathama 'pUrvagata' artha kA nirUpaNa kiyA thA aura use hI gautama Adi gaNadharoM ne pUrvazrUta ke rUpa meM nirUpita kiyA thaa| parantu yaha pUrvazruta atyanta gambhIra evaM kliSTa hone ke kAraNa Ama jijJAsu evaM adhyetA inheM samajha nahIM pAtA thA, ata: sAmAnya pratibhAvAna ke liye AcArAMga Adi anya Agama granthoM kI racanA kI gyii| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke anusAra 'dRSTivAda' meM sampUrNa zrutajJAna kA avataraNa ho jAtA hai| tathApi gyAraha aMgoM kI racanA sAmAnya varga ke lie kI gayI hai| jo sAdhaka utkRSTa medhAvI hote, ve pUrvo kA adhyayana karate" evaM jo alpa buddhi vAle hote, ve gyAraha aMgoM kA adhyayana karate / AcArAMga ke nirmANa se pUrva samasta zrutarAzi caudaha pUrva yA dRSTivAda ke nAma se jAnI jAtI thI aura bAda meM jaba gyAraha aMgoM kI racanA huI to dRSTivAda ko bArahaveM aMga ke rUpa meM jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 47

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mAnyatA dI gyii| 2. aMga - aMga zabda jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM hI bhAratIya paramparAoM meM prayukta huA hai| jaina paramparA meM isakA prayoga mUla Agama gaNipiTaka ke lie huA hai| vaidika granthoM meM aMga zabda veda ke liye nahIM, apitu veda ke adhyayana meM sahAyaka granthoM ke liye prayukta huA hai aura ye grantha chaha hai" (1) zikSA- zabdoccAraNa ke vidhAna kA prarupaka grantha / (2) kalpa - vedanirupita karmo kA yathAvasthita pratipAdana karanevAlA grnth| (3) vyAkaraNa - pada-svarupa aura padArtha nizcaya kA varNana karanevAlA grantha / (4) nirukta - padoM kI vyutpatti kA varNana karanevAlA grantha / (5) chanda - mantroM kA uccAraNa kisa svara vijJAna se karanA, isakA nirUpaNa karanevAlA grantha / ___(6) jyotiSa- yajJa-yAga Adi kRtyoM ke lie samaya-zuddhi ko batAnevAlA grnth| bauddha sAhitya meM yadyapi mUla tripiTaka ko aMga nahIM kahA jAtA parantu pAli sAhitya meM buddha ke vacanoM ko navAMga aura dvAdazAMga avazya kahA gayA hai| caudaha pUrva isa prakAra hai- utpAda, agrAyaNIya, vIrya, astinAstipravAda, jJAna pravAda, satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, karmapravAda, pratyAkhyAna, vidyAnupravAda, avandhya, prANAyu, kriyAvizAla tathA lokbindusaar| bAraha aMga isa prakAra hai- AcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna, samavAya, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtA-dharmakathA, upAsakadazA, antakRtdazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAka evaM dRssttivaad| AcAra Adi Agama zrutapuruSa ke aMgasthAnIya hone se bhI aMga kahalAte haiN|" dvitIya vargIkaraNa yaha vargIkaraNa devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya kA hai| unhoMne aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya Agama ke rUpa meM Agama sAhitya ko vibhAjita kiyaa| aMgabAhya evaM aMgapraviSTa kA antara samajhAte hue jinabhadragaNi ne aMgapraviSTa ke tIna kAraNa prastuta kiye haiM - 48 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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1. jo gaNadharakRta hotA hai| 2. jo gaNadhara bhagavantoM dvArA prazna kiye jAne para tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita _ hotA hai| 3. jo zAzvata satyoM se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa dhruva evaM sudIrghakAlIna hotA hai| isake viparIta jo 1. sthavirakRta ho 2. jo prazna pUche binA tIrthaMkara dvArA pratipAdita ho 3. evaM jo tAtkAlika yA sAmayika ho, vaha aMgabAhya hotA hai| tattvArtha bhASya meM vaktA ke AdhAra para aMgapraviSTa evaM aMgabAhya AgamoM kA vibhAjana hai| 55 savArthasiddhi meM pUjyapAda ne vaktA ke tIna bheda bhI batAye haiM- 1. sarvajJa, 2. zruta-kevalI evaM 3. ArAtIya aacaary| AcArya akalaMka ne kahA hai ki ArAtIya AcAryoM dvArA nirmita Agama aMgapratipAdita artha ke nikaTa yA anukUla hone ke kAraNa aMgabAhya kahalAte haiN| samavAyAMga aura anuyogadvAra meM to kevala dvAdazAMgI kA hI varNana hai| parantu nandIsUtra meM aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya ke atirikta aMgabAhya ke Avazyaka, vyatirikta, kAlika aura utkAlika rUpa meM Agama kI sampUrNa zAkhAoM kA bhI vivecana hai| tRtIya vargIkaraNa tRtIya vibhAjana AryarakSita ne anuyoga ke AdhAra para kiyaa| AryarakSita svayaM nau pUrva evaM dazaveM pUrva ke 24 yavika ke jJAtA the| 1. caraNakaraNAnuyoga- kAlikazruta, mahAkalpa, chedazruta aadi| 2. dharmakathAnuyoga - RSibhASita, uttarAdhyayana aadi| 3. gaNitAnuyoga - sUryaprajJapti aadi| 4. dravyAnuyoga - dRSTivAda Adi / yaha vargIkaraNa viSaya kI sAmyatA ke anusAra hai parantu vyAkhyA sAhitya kI apekSA to AgamoM ke do hI rUpa hote haiM- 1. apRthaktvAnuyoga evaM 2. pRthktvaanuyog| ye do rUpa bhI AryarakSitasUri ke samaya meM hue| AryarakSita se pUrva to mAtra apRthaktvAnuyoga kA hI pracalana thaa| isameM pratyeka sUtra kI vyAkhyA caraNa-karaNa, dharma, gaNita aura dravya sabhI apekSAoM se hotI thii| yaha vyAkhyA atyanta kliSTa, smRti sApekSa evaM durUha thii| taba Agama vyAkhyA ko sarala banAne jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 49

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ke liye AryarakSita ne pRthaktvAnuyoga kA vargIkaraNa kiyaa| cAra anuyogoM kA vargIkaraNa bhI AryarakSita kI dena hai / " 59 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi ke anusAra apRthaktvAnuyoga ke samaya pratyeka sUtra kI vyAkhyA caraNa-karaNa, dharma, gaNita evaM dravyAnuyoga tathA sapta naya kI apekSA se kI jAtI thI parantu pRthaktvAnuyoga ke samaya cAroM anuyogoM kI vyAkhyAe~ alaga-alaga kI jAne lagI / " yadyapi viSaya kI apekSA se yaha vargIkaraNa huA parantu aisA pUrNata: nahIM hai, jaise uttarAdhyayana meM dharmakathA ke sAtha dArzanika tattva bhI hai / bhagavatI to sabhI viSayoM kA mahAsAgara hai| isa prakAra kucha AgamoM ko chor3akara zeSa AgamoM meM cAroM anuyogoM kA sammizraNa hai ataH yaha vargIkaraNa sthUla hI rahA / digambara sAhitya meM ye cAroM anuyoga kucha nAma bhinnatA ke sAtha vidyamAna hai- 1. prathamAnuyoga, 2. karaNAnuyoga, 3. caraNAnuyoga aura 4. dravyAnuyoga / prathamAnuyoga meM mahApuruSoM kA jIvana caritra varNita hai, karaNAnuyoga meM lokAloka vibhakti, kAla, gaNanA Adi hai, caraNAnuyoga meM AcaraNa kA nirUpaNa hai aura dravyAnuyoga meM dravya-guNa- paryAya kA vivecana hai| cU~ki digambara paramparA AgamoM ko to lupta mAnatI hai ata: prathama meM mahApurANa Adi, dvitIya meM trilokaprajJapti Adi, caraNAnuyoga meM mUlAcAra evaM dravyAnuyoga meM pravacanasAra, gommaTasAra Adi kA samAveza hai / " caturtha vargIkaraNa AgamoM kA antima evaM caturtha vargIkaraNa aMga, upAMga, mUla evaM cheda ke rUpa meM upalabdha hotA hai| nandIsUtrakAra ne mUla aura cheda ye do vibhAga nahIM kiye haiM aura na upAMga zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| nandI meM upAMga artha meM hI aMgabAhya zabda kA prayoga huA hai| paNDita sukhalAlajI ne jinakA samaya vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI se caturtha zatAbdI ke madhya mAnA hai, una AcArya umAsvAti ne tattvArthabhASya meM aMga ke sAtha upAMga kA prayoga kiyA hai| 2 subodhA samAcArI ke racayitA AcArya zrIcandra ne Agama ke svAdhyAya kI tapo vidhi kA varNana karate hue aMgabAhya artha meM upAMga zabda kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya jinaprabhasUri ne vAyaNAvihi kI utthAnikA meM jo vAkya diyA 50 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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hai, usameM bhI upAMga vibhAga kA ullekha huA hai / 4 sarvaprathama yaha upAMga zabda kahA~ se AyA, yaha spaSTa nahIM hai / parantu paNDita zrI becaradAsajI doSI ke anusAra cUrNi sAhitya meM bhI upAMga zabda kA prayoga huA hai 105 mUla aura cheda sUtroM kA vibhAga kisa samaya huA, yaha nizcita rUpa se to nahIM kahA jA sakatA parantu dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi kI niyukti, cUrNa aura vRttiyoM meM to mUlasUtra ke sambandha meM kiMcit bhI carcA nahIM hai / isase spaSTa hai ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka mUla sUtra ke rUpa meM vibhAjana nahIM thA / zrAvakavidhi ke lekhaka dhanapAla, jo ki gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue haiM, ne apane grantha meM 45 AgamoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| gAthA sahastrI meM samayasundara gaNi ne dhanapAlakRta zrAvakavidhi kA uddharaNa bhI diyA hai / " vi.saM. 1334 meM racita prabhAvaka caritra meM hI sarvaprathama aMga, upAMga, mUla aura cheda kA vibhAjana upalabdha hotA hai|" mahopAdhyAya samayasundara gaNi ne bhI samAcArI zataka meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai / " inheM mUlasUtra kahane ke aneka kAraNa vibhinna dArzanikoM ne prastuta kiye haiN| para adhika upayukta yahI kAraNa lagatA hai ki jina AgamoM meM mukhya rUpa se zramaNa ke AcAra sambandhI mUlaguNoM kA- mahAvrata, samiti, gupti Adi kA nirUpaNa hai aura jo grantha zramaNa kI dinacaryA meM sahayogI banate haiM, jinakA adhyayana saMyama ke zaizava meM hI Avazyaka hai, unheM mUlasUtra kahate haiM / mUlasUtroM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM bhI vibhinna mata hai / samayasundara gaNi ne dazavaikAlika, oghaniryukti, piNDaniyukti aura uttarAdhyayana ina cAroM ko mUlasUtra mAnA hai| mUlasUtra kI taraha cheda sUtroM kA ullekha bhI nandIsUtra meM nahIM milatA / cheda sUtra kA sarvAdhika prAcIna prayoga Avazyaka niryukti meM huA hai|" vizeSAvazyaka bhASya" aura nizItha bhASya" meM bhI chedasUtra kA ullekha huA hai| Avazyaka niyukti ko bhadrabAhu kI kRti mAnA jAtA hai aura ve vikrama kI chaTThI zatAbdI hue haiN| isase yahI spaSTa hotA hai ki chedasUtra kA prayoga mUlasUtra se pUrva kA hai / cheda sUtra se kyA tAtparya hai, isakA uttara upalabdha nahIM hai, parantu jinheM chedasUtra kahate haiM, unameM prAyazcitta sambandhI carcA hai | meM sthAnAMga meM zramaNavarga ke liye pA~ca prakAra ke cAritra kA varNana hai - jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 51

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2. 1. sAmAyika, chedopasthApanIya, 3. parihAravizuddhi, 4. sUkSmasaMparAya aura 5. yathAkhyAta / " vartamAna meM antima tIna cAritra kA viccheda mAnA jAtA hai| sAmAyika cAritra alpakAlIna hotA hai / chedopasthApanIya cAritra hI yAvajjIvana rahatA hai / yAvajjIvana jisakA pAlana hogA, prAyazcitta usI meM AyegA aura cheda sUtroM meM mAtra prAyazcitta kI hI carcA hai / ataH sambhava hai, viSaya-vastu ke AdhAra para ise chedopasthApanIya cAritra se sambandhita karate hue isakA nAma chedasUtra rakhA hogA / dazAzrutaskandha, nizItha, vyavahAra aura bRhatkalpa- ye sUtra nauveM pUrva se uddhRta kiye gaye / " usase chinna arthAt pRthak karane se unheM chedasUtra nAma diyA ho, yaha bhI sambhava hai| 74 chedasUtroM ko uttama mAnA jAtA hai, isakA uttara prazna karane ke sAtha hI zrI jina - dAsagaNi dete hai| cU~ki chedasUtroM meM prAyazcitta kI vidhi hai aura prAyazcitta se cAritra kI vizuddhi hotI hai, ataH ye sUtra uttama mAne gaye hai / " chedasUtra chaha hai - dazAzrutaskandha, vyavahAra, bRhatkalpa, jItakalpa, nizItha evaM mahAnizItha / AgamoM kI racanA ke prakAra jaina AgamoM kI racanA do prakAra se huI hai - kRta tathA niryUDha / kRta - jina AgamoM kA nirmANa svatantra rUpa se huA hai, unheM kRta, kahate haiN| jaise gaNadharoM dvArA dvAdazAMgI kA nirmANa evaM sthaviroM dvArA upAMga kA nirmANa kRta Agama kahalAte hai / niryUDha - jina AgamoM kI racanA pUrvI tathA dvAdazAMgI se udghRta karake huI hai, unheM niryuDha Agama kahate haiM / niryUha Agama sthaviroM dvArA saMkalita mAtra hote haiM / niryUha Agama nimna mAne gaye haiM 1. AcAracUlA, 2. dazavaikAlika, 3. nizItha, 4. dazAzrutaskandha, 5. bRhatkalpa, 6. vyavahAra tathA 7. uttarAdhyayana kA pariSaha adhyayana | 76 - ina samasta niryUDha AgamoM kA saMkalana bhinna-bhinna pUrvI evaM aMgoM se kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha spaSTa jAna lenA cAhiye ki ina niryUDha racanAoM ke artha prarUpaka tIrthaMkara hai tathA sUtroM ke racanAkAra gaNadhara hai, parantu jina pUrvadharoM ne aMgoM evaM 52 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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pUrvI se saMkSipta sAra lekara inakA niryUhaNa yA saMkalana kiyA hai, ve usake karttA ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai - jaise dazavaikAlika ke karttA AcArya zayyambhava hai| AgamoM kI saMkhyA yadyapi aMga sAhitya kI apekSA se kisI prakAra kA matabheda nahIM hai, sabhI zvetAmbara digambara" dvAdazAMga svIkAra karate hai parantu aMgabAhya ke sambandha meM vibhinna mata hai| kula milAkara koI 45 Agama mAnate haiM, koI 84 to koI 32 | nadIsUtra meM AgamoM kI jo sUcI hai, usameM se kucha Agama upalabdha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka sampradAya 45 Agama mAnatA haiM evaM amUrtipUjaka sampradAya 32 mAnatA hai / digambara samAja kI mAnyatA hai ki sabhI Agama vicchinna ho gaye haiN| 45 AgamoM ke nAma isa prakAra hai / - 11 aMga Agama 1. AcArAMga, 2. sUtrakRtAMga, 3. sthAnAMga, 4. samavAyAMga, 5. bhagavatI, 6. jJAtAdharmakathA, 7. upAsakadaMzA, 8 antakRt dazA, 9. anuttaropapAtikadazA, 10. praznavyAkaraNa evaM 11. vipAka sUtra / . 12 upAMga Agama aupapAtika, 2. rAjapraznIya, 1. 3. jIvAbhigama, 4. prajJApanA, 5. sUryaprajJapti, 6. jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, 7. candraprajJapti, 8 nirayAvalikA, 9. kalpavataMsikA, 10. puSpikA, 11. puSpacUlikA aura 12. vahnidazA / - 10 prakIrNaka sUtra 1. catu:zaraNa, 2. AturapratyAkhyAna, 3. mahApratyAkhyAna, 4. bhaktaparijJA, 5. taMdulavetAlika, 6. gaNividyA, 7. caMdravijaya, 8. devendrastava, 9. maraNasamAdhi aura 10. saMstAraka / 6 chedasUtra - 1. dazAzrutaskandha, 2. bRhatkalpa, 3. vyavahAra, 4. jItakalpa, 5. nizItha aura 6. mahAnizItha / 4 mUlasUtra - 1. Avazyaka, 2. dazavaikAlika, 3. uttarAdhyayana aura 4. piMDa niyukti / 2 cUlikA sUtra 1. nandI sUtra aura 2. anuyogadvAra sUtra / AgamoM kI bhASA jaina AgamoM kI mUlabhASA ardhamAgadhI hai|" ise sAmAnyataH prAkRta bhI kahate haiM / samavAyAMga aura aupapAtika " sUtra ke anusAra tIrthaMkara ardhamAgadhI bhASA kA hI prayoga karate haiM / jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 53

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paramAtmA kI vANI prANImAtra ke liye hotI hai| ve usI bhASA kA upayoga karate haiM, jise alpabuddhi bhI samajha ske| sAdhanA ke AkAMkSI, AbAla, vRddha, mahilAe~ bhI jisa bhASA ko sugamatA se samajha sakate the, vaha prAkRta bhASA hI thI, ata: paramAtmA isI bhASA meM dezanA dete the|-cuuNki deva isI bhASA meM bolate haiM, ata: yaha devavANI bhI hai| jinadAsa gaNi ardhamAgadhI zabda kA artha do prakAra se karate haiM - 1. yaha bhASA cU~ki magadha ke eka bhAga meM bolI jAtI thI, ata: ardhamAgadhI kahalAtI hai| 2. isa bhASA meM aThAraha dezoM kI bhASA kA mizraNa hai| ise yoM bhI yaha sakate haiM ki isa bhASA meM magadha aura dezaja zabdoM kA mizrita prayoga hai| mAgadhI aura ardhamAgadhI meM yaha antara hai ki mAgadhI meM tInoM USma vyaMjanoM ke sthAna para ekamAtra 'za' kA prayoga hotA hai, jabaki ardhamAgadhI meM za aura Sa ke sthAna para 'sa' hI prayoga meM AtA hai| usameM zakAra nahIM milatA hai| ho sakatA hai, bolane meM za bolA jAtA ho, parantu likhane meM sahI likhA jAtA hai| cU~ki mahAtmA buddha kA vicaraNa kSetra bhI vahI thA, jo bhagavAna mahAvIra kA thA, ata: unake tripiTaka kI pAlI bhASA meM bhI za nahIM milatA balki za aura Sa ke sthAna para sarvatra sa hI milatA hai| inhIM vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke AgamoM kI bhASA ko ardhamAgadhI bhASA kahate haiN| yadyapi samasta Agama eka hI kAla kI racanAe~ nahIM haiM parantu katipaya racanAoM meM jo bhI prAcIna aMza milate haiM, unakI bhASA kA svarUpa pAlI bhASA ke samAna hI honA cAhiye thA, parantu aisA nahIM hai| jaise AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha bhASA, viSayavastu aura zailI ke kAraNa sabase prAcIna hai, parantu isakI bhASA bhI alpAMza meM anya AgamoM kI taraha mahArASTrI prAkRta se prabhAvita huI hai| maukhika paramparA aura jaina dharma ke pracAra ke daurAna una-una kSetroM kI bhASA kA mizraNa bhI hotA gayA hai aura isa apekSA se AgamoM kA eka bhI grantha zuddha ardhamAgadhI bhASA meM ulapabdha nahIM hai| sAre Agama mahArASTrI prAkRta se bahuta adhika prabhAvita hue hai| isI kAraNa Agama prabhAkara muni zrI puNyavijayajI ma. ko yaha kahanA par3A ki mUla bhASA parivartana ke kAraNa khicar3I ho gayI hai| ardhamAgadhI prAkRta zaurasenI aura mahArASTrI prAkRta bhASA se sarvathA bhinna 54 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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hai| isa bAta kA mahattvapUrNa pramANa zabdoM meM madhyavartI vyaMjanoM kI yathAsthiti honA hai| vaise yaha pIr3A ke sAtha svIkAra karanA cAhiye ki madhyakAlIna prAkRta vyAkaraNakAroM dvArA ardhamAgadhI ke liye koI viziSTa vyAkaraNa likhA nahIM gayA / mahArASTrI prAkRta ke jo niyama the, ve hI niyama ardhamAgadhI ke liye lAgU kara diye gaye / pariNAma yaha huA ki AgamoM kI prAcIna hastapratoM meM jahA~-jahA~ para bhI pAlI ke samAna prayoga milate the, unheM kSatiyukta mAnakara unake badale meM mahArASTrI kI zabdAvalI ko hI apanAyA gayA / udAharaNa ke liye pro. harmana kobI tathA briMga dvArA sampAdita AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke katipaya pATha prastuta hai adhyAya kA perA naM. 1.2.3.2 1.4.4.1 1.1.5.7 1.9.4.1 1.9.2.15 - yAkobI saMskaraNa laMDana 1882 e. DI. akutobhayaM paritAvaM ete omodariyaM adhoviyaDe briMga saMskaraNa lipjiMga 1910 prayogoM se spaSTa hai ki pro. harmana jekobI ko prAcIna hastalikhita pratoM meM jo pATha milA hai, use vaisA hI rakhA hai aura jo pATha pAlI bhASA ke samAna mile haiM, unheM bhI mahArASTrI prAkRta ke anurUpa na badala kara vaise hI rakhe haiN| jabaki zukriMga mahodaya ke samakSa pro. harmana jekobI kA saMskaraNa maujUda hote hue bhI unhoMne pAlI bhASA se sAmya rakhane vAle sAre pAThoM ko mahArASTrI prAkRta meM badala diyA hai| akuobhayaM pariyAvaM ee omoyariyaM ahoviDe isase yaha spaSTa hai ki mUla ardhamAgadhI pAlI bhASA se milatI-julatI thI, parantu paravartI kAla meM isakA svarUpa badala gayA / AgamoM kI vAcanAe~ tIrthaMkara paramAtmA dvArA prarUpita artharUpa vANI gaNadharoM evaM sthaviroM dvArA saMkalita kI gii| parantu smRti kamajora hone ke kAraNa vaha sUtrAgama bhI pUrNata: jaba surakSita nahIM rahA to samaya-samaya para yogya, jJAnI, AgamajJa AcAryoM kI jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 55

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sannidhi meM vAcanAe~ huii| kramaza: pATalIputra, kumArIparvata, mathurA evaM vallabhI meM do, isa prakAra kula pA~ca vAcanAe~ huii| prathama vAcanA prathama vAcanA paramAtmA mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 160 varSa bAda huii| pATalIputra meM bhayaMkara duSkAla pdd'aa| usa samaya kaI muni to kAla kavalita ho gaye aura avaziSTa muni samudra ke taTavartI pradezoM kI ora cale gye| akAla kI samApti para jaba ve punaH lauTe to lagA ki unakA Agama jJAna vismRta ho gayA hai aura kahIM-kahIM eka hI Agama meM alaga-alaga muniyoM dvArA pAThabheda ho gayA hai| taba usa yuga ke pramukha AcAryoM ne pATalIputra meM ekatra hokara Agama jJAna ko surakSita evaM vyavasthita karane kA prayAsa kiyA / yaha prayAsa prathama vAcanA" ke rUpa meM saMbodhita kiyA gayA / gyAraha aMga to vyavasthita ho gaye parantu dRSTivAda evaM pUrva sAhitya kA viziSTa vidvAna upasthita na hone se usake liye samasyA upasthita huI / dRSTivAda ke ekamAtra viziSTa vidvAn bhadrabAhu svAmI usa samaya nepAla meM mahAprANa dhyAna kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| saMgha ke prArthanAyukta nivedana para unhoMne dhyAna meM se kucha samaya vAcanA hetu denA svIkAra kiyA / mahAmuni sthUlibhadra unase parizrama aura puruSArtha pUrvaka vAMcanA lene lge| daza pUrva taka artha sahita unakI vAMcanA huI / gyArahaveM pUrva kI vAMcanA cala rahI thI, usa samaya unakI yakSA Adi bahineM darzana hetu AI / apanI bahinoM ko camatkRta karane ke liye unhoMne vidyA se siMha rUpa banA diyA / " isa kriyA se bhadrabAhu svAmI nArAja ho gaye aura unhoMne Age kI yAcanA dene se inkAra kara diyaa| saMgha evaM sthUlibhadra ke atyanta Agraha karane para unhoMne mAtra Age ke cAra pUrvoM kI mUla vAcanA dI parantu artha nahIM btaayaa| ve zAbdika dRSTi se bhale hI caudaha pUrvadhara hue, para artha kI dRSTi se dazapUrvI hI rahe / " isa prakAra isa vAcanA meM mAtra ekAdaza aMga hI vyavasthita hue / dRSTivAda nAmaka mahattvapUrNa aMga evaM usake antarnihita pUrva sAhitya ko pUrNata: surakSita nahIM kiyA jA skaa| mAtra dRSTivAda kI viSayavastu lekara aMgabAhya grantha sarjita hone lage / 85 dvitIya vAcanA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 300 varSa bAda ur3IsA ke kumArIparvata 56 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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para jaina dharma ke ananya upAsaka samrATa khAravela kI sAkSI meM dvitIya vAcanA huii| yadyapi isa vAcanA ke saMbaMdha meM vistAra se kucha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| mAtra itanI hI jAnakArI milatI hai ki anekoM vidvAn sthaviroM kI nizrA meM yaha vAcanA sampanna huI thI, jisameM zrutasaMrakSaNa kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa|" ___ cUMki usa yuga meM AgamoM ke adhyayana kI guru-ziSya paramparA se maukhika adhyayana kI vyavasthA hone se dezakAla ke anusAra dhIre-dhIre vismRti doSa ke kAraNa Agama pAThoM meM bhinnatA AnA svAbhAvika thaa| ata: bhASAyI svarUpa ko sthiratA dene ke liye evaM aneka anya vidvAn muniyoM ke dvArA jo bhI nayI racanAe~ hotI thI, unheM mAnyatA dene ke liye yaha sAmUhika vAcanA kA kAryakrama Ayojita kiyA gyaa| AcAra niyamoM meM evaM Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM paristhiti vaza jo antara A jAtA thA, unakA nirUpaNa bhI aise upakramoM meM kiyA jAtA thaa| tRtIya vAcanA . yaha mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke 827 varSa pazcAt mathurA meM Arya skaMdila ke netRtva meM sampanna huii| mAthurI vAcanA ke do prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ nandIcUrNi meM hai| eka mAnyatA ke anusAra to bAraha varSIya bhayaMkara duSkAla ke kAraNa zramaNa saMgha kI sthiti atyanta vikaTa ho gyii| yuvA muni dUra-sudUra pradezoM meM cale gye| aneka muni krura kAla ke mu~ha meM samA gye| kSudhA pariSaha se vyAkula muni svAdhyAya, adhyApana aura dhAraNA meM ekAgra nahIM ho paaye| dhIre-dhIre jJAna vismRta hone lgaa| atizayayukta zruta vinaSTa huaa| aMga aura upAMga sAhitya kA bhI artha kI apekSA se bahuta bhAga naSTa ho gyaa| duSkAla samApta hone para AcArya skaMdila ke AhvAna para zramaNa saMgha mathurA meM ekatra huaa| jina-jina zramaNoM ko jitanAjitanA smaraNa thA, usakA anusaMdhAna kara kAlika evaM pUrvagata kucha zruta ko vyavasthita kiyA gyaa| cU~ki yaha vAcanA mathurA meM sampanna huI, ata: mAthurI evaM skaMdilAcArya ke netRtva meM huI, ata: ise skaMdilI vAcanA kI saMjJA milii| dUsarI mAnyatA yaha hai ki sUtra naSTa nahIM hue the, parantu anuyogadhArI svargavAsI ho gaye the| etadartha anuyogadhArI skaMdila ne anuyoga kA puna: pravartana kiyA ataH isa vAcanA ko mAthurI vAcanA kahA gayA / caturtha vAcanA jisa samaya uttara pUrva aura madhya bhArata meM vicaraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kA jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 57

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sammelana mathurA meM huA, usI samaya dakSiNa aura pazcima meM vicaraNa karane vAle zramaNoM kI eka vAcanA vallabhI meM AcArya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna huii| ye donoM vAcanAe~ samakAlIna hI huii| unheM bhI bahuta kucha zruta vismRta ho gayA thaa| jo smRti meM thA, usI kA saMkalana kara vyavasthita kiyaa| ataH ise vallabhI yA nAgArjunIya vAcanA bhI kahate haiN|" aitihAsika tathyoM dvArA yaha pratipAdita hotA hai ki uttara bhArata ke nirgrantha saMgha ke vibhAjana se jisa yApanIya saMgha kA udaya huA, usameM Arya skaMdila ke Agama hI mAnya the| isa paramparA kA prabhAva madhya evaM dakSiNa bhArata meM thaa| yApanIya granthoM meM jo gAthAe~ upalabdha hai, ve ardhamAgadhI yA mahArASTrI prAkRta meM nahIM, apitu zaurasenI meM hai| __eka hI samaya meM eka sAtha do vAcAnae~ hone ke pIche yaha sambhAvanA bhI ho sakatI hai ki donoM meM kinhIM bAtoM ko lekara matabheda the| paJcama vAcanA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI dazavIM zatAbdI meM devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kI nizrA meM punaH zramaNasaMgha vallabhI meM ekatra huaa| svayaM devarddhigaNi gyAraha aMga va eka pUrva se kucha adhika zruta ke jJAtA the| smRti durbalatA, parAvartana kI nyUnatA Adi ke kAraNa zruta sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga vicchinna ho gayA thaa| devarddhigaNi ne apanI prakhara prajJA se use saMkalita kara pustakArUr3ha karane kA puruSArtha kiyaa| pUrva meM huI mAthurI evaM vallabhI vAcanA kA samanvaya kara usameM ekarUpatA lAne kA prayAsa bhI kiyaa| jahA~ matabheda adhika najara Aye, vahA~ mUla pATha meM mAthurI vAMcanA ke pAThoM ko svIkAra kiyA evaM vallabhI vAcanA ke pAThoM ko pAThAntara meM sthAna diyaa| devarddhigaNi ne hI sarvaprathama AgamoM ko pustakArUr3ha kiyaa| unhoMne yaha dhyAna bhI rakhA ki jahA~-jahA~ pAThoM meM sAmyatA thI, vahA~-vahA~ unakA punarAvartana na karate hue usake liye usa grantha evaM sthala kA nirdeza kara diyaa| jaise 'jahA uvavAie, jahA pnnnnvnnaae'| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa pazcAt huI mukhya-mukhya ghaTanAoM kA varNana bhI AgamoM meM kiyaa| vallabhI meM hone ke kAraNa yaha vAcanA vallabhI vAcanA ke rUpa meM prasiddha huii| yaha antima vAcanA thii| isake pazcAt sarvamAnya koI vAcanA nahIM huii| vIra nirvANa kI dazavIM zatAbdI ke bAda pUrvajJAna kI paramparA vicchinna ho gyii| 58 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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Agama viccheda kA krama bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 170 varSa pazcAt bhadrabAhu svAmI kA svargavAsa huaa| artha kI apekSA se unake sAtha hI pUrva vicchinna ho gaye / vajrasvAmI taka daza pUrva kI paramparA calI / vajrasvAmI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 551 varSa pazcAt svarga pdhaare| usa samaya dazavAM pUrva naSTa huaa| durbalikA puSyamitra nau pUrva ke jJAtA the| unake sAtha hI navama pUrva bhI vicchinna ho gyaa| inakA svargavAsa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke 604 varSa pazcAt huA / isa prakAra pUrva viccheda kI yaha paramparA devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa taka calatI rhii| ve svayaM eka pUrva ke jJAtA the / itanA sAhitya vilupta hone ke bAda bhI AgamoM kA maulika bhAga Aja bhI vidyamAna hai / parantu digambara sampradAya kI yaha mAnyatA nahIM hai| vaidika vAGmaya kI taraha jainAgama surakSita nahIM rahane kA mukhya kAraNa hai ki yahA~ lekhana paramparA devarddhigaNi se hI prArambha huii| pUrva meM to guru-1 -ziSyoM meM maukhika rUpa se hI Agama pATha calate the / jinazAsana devirddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa kA kRtajJa hai ki unhoMne mUla Agama ke saMrakSaNa ke lie alpArambhI lekhana kriyA ko bahujanahitAya prArambha kiyA / Agama lekhana yuga jaina dRSTi se caudaha pUrvoM kA lekhana kabhI huA hI nahIM hai| isake lekhana meM kitanI syAhI apekSita hai, isakI kalpanA avazya kI gaI hai| nauvIM zatAbdI meM mathurA aura vallabhI meM jo zramaNa sammelana huA, usameM ekAdaza aMgoM ko vyavasthita kiyA gyaa| AryarakSitasUri ne anuyogadvAra sUtra kI racanA kii| nauvIM zatAbdI ke anta meM Agama lekhana kI paramparA prArambha huI, parantu AgamoM ko lipibaddha karane kA spaSTa saMketa devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa se hI milatA hai| phira bhI yaha mAnyatA avazya rahI ki zramaNa svayaM apane hAtha se kucha na likhe kyoMki lekhana meM nimna doSoM kI saMbhAvanA hai - 1. 2. akSara likhane se kunthu Adi trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA hotI hai, ataH pustaka likhanA saMyama virAdhanA kA kAraNa hai / " pustakoM ko eka grAma se dusare grAma le jAte samaya kandhe chilate haiM, ghAva ho jAte haiM, vraNa ho jAte hai / jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 59

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unake chidroM kI samyak prakAra se paDilehana nahIM ho paatii| kuMthu Adi trasa jIvoM kA Azraya hone ke kAraNa pustaka adhikaraNa hai| cora Adi dvArA curAye jAne para bhI adhikaraNa ho jAtI hai| tIrthaMkaroM ne zramaNoM ko aparigrahI kahA hai, jabaki pustaka parigraha hai| pustakeM pAsa meM rakhane se svAdhyAya meM pramAda hotA hai, pustakoM ke bAMdhane, kholane meM bhI kAphI samaya bIta jAtA hai| pustaka bAMdhane,kholane se aura jitane akSara likhe jAte haiM, utane caturlaghukoM kA prAyazcitta AtA hai|" ata: ina sabhI kAraNoM kI apekSA se lekhana kalA kA jJAna hone para bhI AgamoM kA lekhana nahIM ho paayaa| zramaNa ke jIvana meM dhyAna aura svAdhyAya kA vidhAna to milatA hai parantu likhane kA vidhAna kahIM para bhI prApta nahIM hotaa| itanA saba hote hue bhI Agama sampUrNata: vicchinna na ho jAya, mAtra isI lakSya se Agama likhane kA aura rakhane kA vidhAna kiyaa| AgamoM kA vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya jainAgama sUtrabaddha hone ke kAraNa unheM vyAkhyAyita karanA anivArya thaa| isa vyAkhyA sAhitya ke antargata niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, TIkA aura TabbA yA hindI anuvAda Ate haiN| Agama saMkalana ke sAtha hI vyAkhyA sAhitya kA lekhana prArambha ho gyaa| niyukti sAhitya sarvaprathama bhadrabAhu svAmI ne dasa Agama granthoM para padyabaddha prAkRta niyukti sAhitya likhaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne, Avazyaka niyukti kI gAthA 88 meM niyukti kA nirUkta isa prakAra kiyA hai - 'nijjuttA te atthA jaM baddhA teNa hoi nijjuttii|' jisake dvArA sUtra ke sAtha artha kA nirNaya hotA hai, vaha niyukti hai| 'sUtrArthayo: parasparaM niyojanaM saMbaMdhanaM niyukti:' nizcata rUpa se samyag artha kA nirNaya karanA tathA sUtra meM hI paraspara saMbaddha artha kA prakaTa karanA niyukti kA uddezya hai| jarmana vidvAn zAnTiyara ke anusAra niyuktiyA~ pradhAna rUpa se saMbaMdhita grantha ke inDeksa kA kArya karatI hai| isa paribhASA se yahI phalita hotA hai, sUtra meM niyukta (vidyamAna) artha kI vyAkhyA karanA niyukti hai| niyukti AgamoM para AryA chanda 60 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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meM prAkRta gAthAoM meM likhA saMkSipta vivecana hai| isameM kathya ko puSTa karane ke liye kathAnakoM kA prayoga bhI huA hai / parantu yaha itanA saMkSipta aura sAMketika hai ki binA bhASya aura TIkA ke samajha meM nahIM AtA / ata: TIkAkAroM ne AgamoM ke sAtha niyukti para TIkAe~ likhI / piNDaniryukti aura oghaniyukti mUlAgamoM meM mAnI jAtI hai| isase bhI niryukti sAhitya kI prAcInatA puSTa hotI hai / vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya cauthI - pA~cavI zatAbdI pUrva hI niryuktiyA~ likhanI prArambha ho gayI thI / nayacakra ke kartA AcArya mallavAdI (vikrama kI pA~cavI zatAbdI) ne apane grantha meM niryukti kI gAthA kA uddharaNa diyA hai| yoga se niyukti aura bhASya kI gAthAe~ isa prakAra mizrita ho gayI hai ki cUrNikAra bhI unheM bhinna nahIM kara pAye / " 1. Avazyaka niryukti - isameM chaha AvazyakoM kA vivecana hai / sarvaprathama haribhadrasUri ne isa para ziSyahitA nAmaka vRtti likhii| isI kA anusaraNa karate hue bhaTTAraka jJAnasAgarasUri ne avacUri likhI / isameM bhadrabAhu dvArA Avazyaka Adi daza niyuktiyA~ racane kA ullekha hai| bAda meM malayagiri dvArA racita Avazyakaniyukti TIkA tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita huI / aura bhI aneka AcAryoM ne isakI niyukti para avacUri likhI / isa niyukti para vipula sAhitya kI racanA huI hai / 2. dazavaikAlika niyukti - isa para bhadrabAhu racita 371 gAthA kI niyukti hai| niryukti aura bhASya vaise mizrita ho gaye haiN| sabhI adhyayanoM para niyukti kI racanA huI hai| isameM laukika, dhArmika kathAnakoM dvArA tathA sUktiyoM se sUtrArtha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| 3. uttarAdhyayana niryukti - isa sUtra para bhadrabAhusUri kI 559 gAthAoM niyukti hai / mUlAma ke 36 adhyayanoM para yaha niyukti hai| isameM gaMdhAra zrAvaka tosaliputra, AcArya sthUlabhadra, harikezI, mRgAputra, karakaNDu Adi kathAoM kA vivecana hai| ATha nihnavoM kA bhI vistAra se varNana hai / bhadrabAhu ke cAra ziSyoM dvArA vaibhAra parvata kI guphA meM zIta samAdhi grahaNa karane tathA muni suvarNabhadra dvArA maccharoM ke upasarga se kAladharma prApta hone kA bhI ullekha hai| kahIM-kahIM manoraMjaka mAgadhikAoM kA bhI varNana hai / 4. AcArAMga niyukti - AcArAMga sUtra para bhadrabAhusUri ne 356 gAthAoM meM niyukti likhI hai| isa para zIlAMka ne mahApariNNA nAmaka sAtaveM adhyayana kI daza gAthAoM ko chor3akara TIkA kI hai| jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 61

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5. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti - isameM 205 gAthAe~ hai tathA RSibhAsita sUtra kA bhI ullekha hai| isa grantha meM gautama, caNDIdevaka, vAribhadraka, agnihotravAdI tathA jala ko pavitra mAnane vAle sAdhuoM ke nAma hai| sAtha hI kriyAvAdI. akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI aura vinayavAdiyoM ke bheda prabheda bhI ginAye gaye haiN| pArzvastha, avasanna aura kuzIla nAmaka nirgranthoM se paricaya kA niSedha bhI isameM kiyA gayA hai| 6. dazAzrutaskandha niyukti - yaha Agama jitanA laghukAya hai, utanI hI choTI isakI niyukti hai| prArambha meM racanAkAra ne antimazrutakevalI dazAkalpa aura vyavahAra ke praNetA bhadrabAhusUri ko namana kiyA hai| dazA, kalpa aura vyavahAra kA yahA~ eka sAtha ullekha hai| AThaveM adhyayana kI niyukti meM paryuSaNA kalpa kA vyAkhyAna hai| 7, 8. bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra niyukti - bRhatkalpa aura vyavahAra sUtra para bhI AcArya bhadrabAhu ne niyukti likhI thii| bRhatkalpa niyukti saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa ke laghubhASya kI gAthAoM ke sAtha aura vyavahAra niyukti vyavahAra bhASya kI gAthAoM ke sAtha mizrita ho gayI hai| 9. sUryaprajJapti niyukti - yadyapi bhadrabAhusUri ne isakI racanA kI thI, parantu kAlacakra ke prabhAva se isake TIkAkAra malayagiri ke anusAra yaha naSTa ho gayI hai| ata: ve mAtra sUtroM kI hI vyAkhyA kara pAye haiN| 10. RSibhASita niyukti - yaha racanA RSibhAsita para huI thI, parantu vartamAna meM anupalabdha hone se isakI viSayavastu jJAta nahIM hai| bhASya sAhitya niyukti kI taraha hI bhASya bhI prAkRta meM saMkSipta zailI meM likhe gaye haiN| inakI mukhya bhASA ardhamAgadhI hai| vaise zaurasenI aura mAgadhI ke prayoga bhI dekhane meM Ate haiN| inakA mukhya chanda AryA hai| inakA racanAkAla lagabhaga IsvI san kI cauthI pA~cavIM zatAbdI hai| bhASyasAhitya meM nizIthabhASya, vyavahArabhASya aura bRhatkalpabhASya vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| zramaNa saMgha ke AcAra vicAra acchI taraha se jAnane ke liye ina tInoM kA gambhIra adhyayana atyanta Avazyaka hai| ina tInoM ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa hai| ye vasudevahiNDI ke kartA saMghadAsagaNi vAcaka se bhinna hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne bhI kucha Agama granthoM para bhASya 62 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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likhe hai| nimnalikhita sUtroM ke bhASya upalabdha hai - nizItha, vyavahAra, kalpa, paMcakalpa, jItakalpa, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, daza - kAlika, oghAniryukti, piNDaniyukti / AgamoM ke atirikta caityavandanaM devavandanAdi para bhI bhASya likhe gaye haiM / , cUrNi sAhitya niyukti gAthAoM ke AdhAra para cUrNi sAhitya likhA gayA hai| ye gadya meM racita hai, jo mAtra prAkRta meM hI na likhI jAkara saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM likhI gayI hai / nizItha ke cUrNikAra ne cUrNi kI nimna paribhASA dI hai pAgaDo ti prAkRtaH pragaTo vA padArtho vastubhAvo yatra saH tathA paribhASyate arthonayeti paribhASA cUrNirucyate // abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa ke nirmAtA ne cUrNi kI nimna paribhASA dI hai attha bahulaM mahatthaM heunivAovasagga gaMbhIraM / bahupAya bhavochinnaM gamaNayasuddhaM tu cuNNapayaM // jisameM artha kI bahulatA va gambhIratA ho, hetu, nipAta aura upasarga kI gambhIratA ho, aneka padoM se samaveta ho, gamoM se yukta ho, nayoM se zuddha ho, use cUrNipada samajhanA cAhiye / - nizItha kI vizeSacUrNi aura AvazyakacUrNi meM purAtattva se saMbaMdhita sAmagrI kI vipulatA hai / lokakathA evaM bhASAzAstra kI apekSA bhI isa sAhitya kA apanA mahattva hai| - vajrazAkhIya saMghadAsagaNi mahattara adhikAMza cUrNiyoM ke kartA ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| IsvI san kI chaThIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa inakA samaya mAnA jAtA hai / nimnalikhita AgamoM para cUrNi sAhitya upalabdha hai - AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, kalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, paMcakalpa, dazAzruta-skandha, jItakalpa, jIvAbhigama, prajJApanA, jaMbUdvIpaprajJapti, uttarAdhyayana, Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, naMdI aura anuyogadvAra | AgamoM ke atirikta zrAvaka pratikramaNasUtra, sArdhazataka tathA karmagranthoM para bhI cUrNi sAhitya upalabdha hai| jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 63

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TIkA sAhitya niryukti, bhASya evaM cUrNiyoM ke sAtha Agama granthoM para vistArapUrvaka TIkAe~ bhI likhI gyii| ye TIkAe~ Agama granthoM ko samajhane ke liye atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| TIkAoM kI bhASA saMskRta hai| vikrama kI tRtIya zatAbdI meM AcArya agastyasUri dvArA nirmita dazavaikAlika kI cUrNi meM sthAna-sthAna para TIkAoM kA saMketa kiyA hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki TIkAoM kI racanA AgamoM kI antima vallabhI vAcanA ke pUrva honA prArambha ho gayA thA / TIkAkAroM meM AcArya zIlAMka, yAkinIsunU haribhadrasUri, navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva - sUri Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / haribhadrasUri ne Avazyaka, dazavaikAlika, nandI, anuyogadvAra evaM prajJApanA para TIkAe~ likhii| ina TIkAoM meM lekhaka ne kathAbhAga ko prAkRta meM hI rahane diyA / haribhadrasUri ke lagabhaga 100 varSa pazcAt zIlAMkAcArya hue, jinhoMne prArambha ke do Agama AcArAMga evaM sUtrakRtAMga para TIkA likhii| ina donoM TIkAoM meM jaina AcAra, vicAra evaM tattvajJAna se saMbaMdhita upayogI carcA kI gayI hai / avaziSTa nau AgamoM kI TIkA AcArya abhayadevasUri dvArA likhI gayI | itihAsa ke anusAra jisa sUtra kI TIkA meM inheM sandeha hotA thA, zAsanadevI sImaMdhara paramAtmA se usakA samAdhAna karake inheM batAtI thI / Agama sAhitya ke saMskRta TIkAkAroM meM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kA nAma bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| AcArya malayagiri aura haribhadrasUri kI Avazyaka niryukti para, uttarAdhyayana sUtra para vAdi - vetAla zAMtisUri evaM nemicandrasUri ( devendragaNi) kI TIkAe~ bhI ullekhanIya hai / haribhadrasUri to TIkAkAra evaM dArzanika granthoM ke bahuzruta vidvAn lekhaka hue haiN| isa taraha Agama aura unakI vyAkhyAoM ke rUpa meM likhe gaye isa virAT jaina sAhitya kA adhyayana aneka dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| vidvAn evaM manovaijJAnika zramaNoM ne jaina siddhAntoM kI puSTi ke liye udAharaNoM kA bharapUra upayoga kiyA hai / DaoN. viNTaranitsa ke zabdoM meM 'jaina TIkA sAhitya meM bhAratIya prAcIna kathA sAhitya ke aneka ujjvala ratna vidyamAna hai / anyatra isa prakAra ke sAhitya kA abhAva hai|' vyAkhyA sAhitya kI cAra vidhAoM ke atirikta aura bhI vidhAe~ bAda meM pracalita huI jo saMskRta va kSetrIya bhASAoM meM nibaddha thii| jaise kathA avacUri, therAvalI, TabbA, dIpikA, tAtparya vRtti Adi / 64 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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anuvAda paramparA vyAkhyA sAhitya kI antima vidhA TabbA ke pazcAt anuvAda yuga kA prArambha huaa| mukhya rUpa se Agama sAhitya kA anuvAda tIna bhASAoM meM upalabdha hotA hai - hindI, gujarAtI aura aMgrejI / hindI anuvAda zAstroM ke anusAra prAcIna samaya meM Agama Ama janatA ko par3hane kI anumati mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM nahIM hai| mUrtipUjaka paramparA kI yaha zAstrIya mAnyatA hai ki Agama svAdhyAya se pUrva vidhivat tapazcaryA karanI hotI hai, jise jaina zAstrIya bhASA meM yogodrahana kahate haiN| jaba taka tapasyA pUrvaka vAMcanA lI jAtI, Agama paThana ke adhikArI nahIM ho skte| yogodvahana eka apekSA se Agama pATha ke lie lAiseMsa hai| cU~ki gRhastha yogodvahana nahIM kara sakate, ataH ve mUla Agama par3hane ke adhikArI nahIM ho skte| aura isI kAraNa mUrtipUjaka paramparA meM anuvAda kI paramparA nahIM panapa sakI / phira bhI jaba anya sampradAyoM meM Agama anuvAda kI paramparA calI to mUrtipUjaka paramparA ne bhI kucha anuvAda kiye / kharataragacchIya AcArya jinaAnandasAgarasUri ne anuttaropapAtikadazA, upAsakadazA evaM aupapAtika sUtra Adi AgamoM kA anuvAda kiyA / sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMthI paramparA meM yogodvahana saMbaMdhI mAnyatA na thI / ata: unameM anuvAda kA kArya lagAtAra hotA rahA / amolakaRSi sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke AcArya the| unhoMne 32 AgamoM kA hindI meM anuvAda kiyA / AtmArAmajI mahArAja ne AgamoM kA anuvAda evaM vyAkhyAe~ likhI / AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana, dazavaikAlika, anuttaropapAtika, upAsakadazA, anuyogadvAra, antakRddazA, sthAnAMga Adi para hindI meM vistRta vivecana likhA / AcArya javAharalAlajI kI nizrA meM paNDita aMbikAdatta ojhA dvArA sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI TIkA kA hindI anuvAda tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha ke mUla mAtra kA anuvAda cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita huA / AcArya hastImalajI ma. ne dazavaikAlika, nandI, praznavyAkaraNa, antagaDadazA Adi AgamoM ke anuvAda kiye| zrI saubhAgamalajI ma. ne AcArAMga kA, jJAnamuni ne vipAkasUtra kA, paM. vijayamuni ne anuttaropapAtikadazA kA, paM. hemacandrajI ne praznavyAkaraNasUtra kA, amaramuni ne sUtrakRtAMga kA anuvAda evaM vistRta hindI jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 65

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vivecana kiyA / anuyoga pravartaka kanhaiyAlAlajI ma. ne ThANAMga va samayavAyAMga, jainAgama nirdezikA evaM Agama sAhitya ke viSayoM kA pRthakkaraNa karake dravyAnuyoga, gaNitAnuyoga, caraNakaraNAnuyoga evaM dharmakathAnuyoga kA alaga-alaga prakAzana kiyaa| muni phulacaMdajI ma. ne 'suttAgame' ke nAma se do bhAgoM meM mUla battIsa Agama prakAzita kiye tathA 'atthAgame' ke tIna bhAgoM meM gyAraha aMgoM kA anuvAda bhI prakAzita kiyA / kavipravara zrI amaramunijI ma., AcArya devendramuni kA bhI Agama anusaMdhAna meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / terApaMtha ke AcArya tulasI evaM AcArya mahAprajJa kA bhI Agama saMzodhana ko mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| unhoMne Agama battIsI ke kucha AgamoM kA gaMbhIra evaM zodhayukta TippaNa sahita hindI anuvAda evaM vivecana kiyA hai tathA varttamAna meM bhI yaha prakriyA jArI hai| isake alAvA Agama koSa Adi kA prakAzana bhI kiyA hai| gujarAtI anuvAda Agama sAhitya ke prakhara vidvAn zodha paNDita becaradAsajI DosI ne bhagavatI sUtra, rAjapraznIya sUtra, jJAtAdharmakathA evaM upAsaka dazA ke gujarAtI anuvAda kiye, sAtha hI Avazyaka sthaloM para mahattvapUrNa TippaNa bhI diye / inakI bhUmikA atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne kucha AgamoM ke hindI tathA gujarAta anuvAda kiye jisameM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, bhagavatI, antakRdadazA, anuttaropapAtikadazA, vipAkasUtra Adi pramukha hai| isI prakAra jIvarAja ghelAbhAI ne sthAnAMga va samavAyAMga kA, bhagavAnadAsa ne bhagavatI tathA upAsakadazA kA gujarAtI anuvAda kiyA hai| isa yuga ke prabala medhAvI paNDita zrI dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne bhI ThANAMga va samavAyAMga kA saMyukta evaM vidvattApUrNa prakAzana karAyA hai| paNDita mAlavaNiyA ke dvArA diye gaye TippaNa unake pANDitya evaM zodharUci ko spaSTa ujAgara karate haiN| muni saubhAgyacandrajI (saMtabAlajI) ne bhI AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura dazavaikAlika para anuvAda karake unheM prakAzita kiye haiN| zrI prema jinAgama prakAzana samiti ghATakopara, mubaMI se mUla va gujarAtI anuvAda yukta Agama prakAzita hue haiM, jisake mukhya saMpAdaka paNDita zobhAcaMdrajI bhArilla hai / AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, upAsakadazAMga aura vipAka Adi katipaya Agama mudrita ho cuke hai aura 32 66 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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AgamoM ke prakAzana kI yojanA hai| muni zrI ghAsIlAlajI ne eka sAtha Agama battIsI kI saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAe~ likhate hue unakA hindI va gujarAtI anuvAda bhI kiyaa| aMgrejI anuvAda jarmana vidvAn para bhAratIya sAhitya se atIva rUci rakhane vAle zrI harmana jekobI ne AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana evaM kalpasUtra kA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai| kalpasUtra aura AcArAMga sUtra para unakI mahattvapUrNa prastAvanA hai| vidvAn zrI abhyaMkara ne bhI dazavaikAlika sUtra ko aMgrejI meM anudita kiyA hai| isake atirikta bhI upAsakadazAMga, antagaDadazAMga, anuttaropapAtikadazAMga, vipAka aura nirayAvalikA sUtra bhI aMgrejI meM anudita ho cuke haiN| inake atirikta bhI mUrtipUjaka saMpradAya meM muni zrI puNyavijayajI ma., dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA evaM vartamAna meM muni zrI jaMbUvijayajI ma. dvArA kiyA jA rahA AgamoM kA saMpAdana atyanta Adhunika dRSTi se huA hai| inake dvArA likhI jAne vAlI prastAvanAe~ mahattvapUrNa hai| inhoMne jina rahasyoM kA anAvaraNa kiyA hai, vaha jijJAsu evaM zraddhAlu donoM ke liye upayogI hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Avazyaka niyukti gAthA - 192 nandI sUtra - 41 sthAnAMga sUtra 150 (a). anuyogadvAra - 4, suyasutta grantha siddhaMtapavayaNe ANavayaNa uvaese paNNavaNa Agame yA egaTThA pajjavAsutte- (ba). vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. 8/97 tattvArtha sUtra sandarbha evaM TippaNI - 1-20 saMskRta dhAtukoSa - saM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka, bahAlagar3ha sonIpata, hariyANA | pRSTha 34 amarakoSa, 3.3.239 pR. 440 (sudhAvyAkhyA samupeta) pANinI aSTAdhyAyI, 2.1.13 Avazyaka niyukti malayagiri vRtti - 21 pR. 49 amarakoSa - 2.8.95 ratnAkarAvatArikA vRtti : Agamyante maryAdayA'vabuddhyante'rthAH anenetyAgamaH / syAdvAdamaMjarI, zlo. 38 TIkA- AptavacanAdAvirbhUtamarthasaMbedanamAgamaH / vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA - 559 sAsijjai jeNa tayaM satyaM taM vA visesiyaM nANaM / Agama eva ya satthaM AgamasatthaM tu suyanANaM // jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 67

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15. 16. 19. 24. 25. ratnAkarAvatArikA vRtti : A-samantAd gamyate vstuttvmnenetyaagmH| Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti : A-abhividhinA sakalazrutaviSayavyApti rUpeNa, maryAdayA vA yathAsthita prarUpaNA rUpayA gamyante-paricchidyante arthA: yena sa aagmH| Avazyaka niyukti gAthA 89-90 tava niyamanANarakkhaM ArUDho kevalI amiynaannii| to muyai nANavuTi bhviyjnnvibohnntttthaae| taM buddhimaeNa paDeNa gaNaharA gihiuM nirvsesN| titthayarabhAsiyAI gati tao pvynntttthaa| 17. niyamasAra 8 : tassa muhaggadavayaNaM tvAparadosavirahiyaM suddhaM / Agamidi parikahiyaM taM Na dukahiyA havaM tcctthaa| 18. niyamasAra vRtti 1.5 paMcAstikAyatAtparyavRtti - 173.225 upAsakAdhyayana (somadevasUrikRta) IzvarapratyabhijJA- vivRttivimarzinI, AcArya abhinava gupta pR. 97 rudrayAmala taMtra, vAcaspatyama, pra. kha., pR. 616 kA pAda TippaNa yogasUtra - 7 yogavArtika sAMkhyasUtra - 1.101 sAMkhyakArikA mATharavRtti, 5 nyAyasUtra - 1.1.7 bhagavatI sUtra - 5.3.192 sthAnAMga sUtra - 338.228 30. AcArAMga sUtra - 1.5.4 31. vyavahArabhASya gAthA - 201 32. anuyogadvAra sUtra - 470, pRSTha 179 33. vahI Avazyaka niyukti gAthA - 192 nandIsUtra - 40 mUlAcAra - 5.80 a) vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA - 550 ba) bRhatkalpa bhASya - 144 sa) tattvArtha bhASya - 1/20 . da) sarvArtha siddhi - 1/20 jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 7 39. bRhatkalpabhASya gAthA - 963-966 40. vahI - 132 41. AcArAMga sUtra -1.5.5 68 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana 27. 28. 29. 34.

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42. 43. 52.. m samavAyAMga, samavAya 14 pAkSika sUtra, duvAlasaMge gaNipiDage a) samavAyAMga vRtti patra 101 : prathamaM pUrva tasya sarva pravacanAta pUrva kriyamANatvAta (ba). sthAnAMga vRtti patra- 10.1 . (sa). naMdIsUtra (vijayadAnasUri saMzodhita) cUrNi pR. 111 a. (a) naMdI malayagiri vRtti patra 240 (ba) SaTkhaNDAgama dhavalA TIkA vIrasenAcArya pR. 114 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA - 554 aMtakRtdazA, a. 1, varga-3 : codasapuvvAI ahijjai / vahI pANinIya zikSA 41-42 saddharmapuNDarIka sUtra 2/34 DaoN. nalinAkSa datta kA devanAgarI saMskaraNa bauddha saMskRta grantha abhisamayAlaMkAra kI TIkA pU. 35 : sUtraMgeyaMvyAkaraNaM...dvAdazAMgamidaM vcH| mUlArAdhanA 4-599 vijayodayA naMdI sUtra - 43 vizeSAvazyakabhASya gAthA - 552 tattvArtha bhASya - 1.20 sarvArtha siddhi - 1.20 tattvArtha rAjavArtika - 1.20 prabhAvaka caritra, AryarakSita prabandha, zloka 82-84 Avazyaka niyukti gAthA - 773-774 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi. patra-4 ratnakaraMDazrAvakAcAra, adhikAra-1 pR. 71-73 tatvArtha bhASya - 1.20 subodhA samAcArI, pR. 31-34 (a) vAyaNAvihi pR.-64 (ba) jaina. sA. bR. i. bhAga - [ prastAvanA pR. 40.41 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga / pR. 30 gAthAsahasrI zloka-297, pR.-18 : paNayAtIsaM aagm| prabhAvaka caritra, AryarakSita prabaMdha samAcArI zataka patra-76 Avazyaka niyukti gAthA - 77 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gA. - 2295 nizItha bhASya gA. - 5947 sthAnAMga sUtra gA. - 5.2.428 60. 62. 63. 64. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 72. jaina Agama sAhitya : eka anuzIlana / 69

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80. 84. 73. dazAzrutaskaMdha cUrNi, patra-2 nizItha sUtra - 19.17 75. nizIya bhASya, 6148 : cheya suyamuttama suyaM / Agama yuga kA jaina darzana pR. 21-22 tattvArtha sUtra - 1.20 zrutasAgarIya vRtti nizIthacUrNi : porANamaddhamAgaha bhAsAniyayaM havai suttaM / a) samavayAMga sUtra : bhagavaM ca NaM addhamAgahIe bhAsAe dhammamAikkhai / ba) aupapAtika sUtra : taeNaM samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre kUNiassa raNNo miMbhisAra puttassa addhamAgahIe bhAsAe bhAsai....... sAviyaNaM addhamAgahI bhAsA tesiM savvesiM appaNo samAsAe parimANeNaM pariNamai / dazavakAlika hAribhadriyA vRtti : bAla khI..... prAkRte kRtaH / 81. bhagavatI sUtra - 5.4.20 : goyamA devANaM addhamAgahIe..... visissai nizIthacUrNi : magahavisaya bhAsANibaddhaM addhamAgahaM aTThArasa desI bhAsANimayaM vA addhamAgahaM AcArya haribhadra kRta upadezapada : jAo a tammi samae dukkAlo doya dasaya vrisaanni| savvo sAhu samUhogaotao jlhitiirsu| taduvarame sopuNaravi pADaliputte samAgamo vihiyaa| saMghe suyavisayA ciMtA kiM kassa attheti / jaM jassa Asi pAse, udessajjhayaNamAi sNghddiuN| taM savvaM ekkArayaM aMgAiM taheva tthviyaaiN| Avazyaka vRtti pra. 698 : teNaciMtiyaM bhagININaM iDhidarisemitti sIharavaM viuvvi| Avazyaka cUrNi pR. 187 86. jai. sA. bR. iti. bhA. 1, pR. 82 Journal of the Bihar and Udisa research society, Vol. 13, Page No. 336. ka. naMdI cUrNi pR. 8; kha. naMdI malayagiri vRtti patra-5 yogazAstra, pra. 3, pR. 207 : jinavacanaMcaduSSamAkAlavazAta ucchinnaprAyamitimatvA bhagavadbhirnAgArjunaskaMdilAcArya prabhRtibhiH pustakeSu nyastam / jaina Agama sAhitya manana aura mImAMsA, pR. 38 : valahipurammi nayare deviDhipamuheNa smnnsNghenn| putthai Agamalihio navasayaasIAo viiraao|| a. dazavaikAlika cUrNi pR.-21; ba. bRhatkalpa niyukti, u. 73, gA. 147 ___ a) dazavakAlika cUrNipR. 21 : kAlaMpuNa puDucca caraNakaraNaTThA avocchottinimittaM ca geNhamANassa potthae saMjamo bhavai ba) bRhatkalpabhASya gA. 3821-3831 sa) nizItha bhASya, u. 12, gA. 4008 da) bRhatkalpaniyukti u. 3, (a) Avazyaka malayagiri vRtti patra - 100 (a) Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Preface, Page 50,51 94. muni puNyavijayajI dvArA saMpAdita bRhatkalpasUtra bhAga 6 kA Amukha pR. 101 70 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana 85. 88. 89. 90. 01 92.

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sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya sUtrakRtAMga kA artha aMga sAhitya meM sUtrakRtAMga kA dvitIya sthAna hai| samavAyAMga, nandI tathA anuyogadvAra ina tInoM AgamoM meM prastuta aMga kA 'sUyagaDo' nAma upalabdha hotA hai|' niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne isake tIna guNaniSpanna nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1 sUtagaDaM 2. suttakaDaM tathA 3. sUyagaDaM / 1.sUtagaDaM (sUtakRta) - prastuta Agama ke mUlakartA zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA artharUpa meM sUta (utpanna) hone se isakA nAma sUtakRta hai| 2. suttakaDaM (sUtrakRta) - isameM sUtrAnusAra tattvabodha (upadeza) diyA gayA hai| ata: yaha sUtrakRta hai| 3. sUyagaDaM (sUcAkRta) - isameM sva tathA para samaya (siddhAnta) ko sUcita kiyA gayA hai| ata: isakA nAma sUcAkRta hai|' prathama paribhASA se eka jijJAsA sahaja udbhUta hotI hai ki jaba samasta dvAdazAMgI ke arthaprarUpaka bhagavAna mahAvIra hai tathA sUtrakartA gaNadhara hai, taba prastuta Agama (aMga) ko hI 'sUtakRta' (tIrthaMkara se utpanna) kahane kA kyA aucitya hai ? isI prakAra dvitIya nAma bhI sabhI aMgoM ke liye vyavahRta ho sakatA hai| prastuta Agama kA tRtIya guNa niSpanna, sArthaka nAma hI isa prazna kA samAdhAna hai| cUMki isa Agama meM svasamaya tathA parasamaya kI tulanAtmaka prajJApanA ke sAtha AcAravidhi kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| ata: isakA sambandha sUcanA se hai| isI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 71

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tathya kA samavAyAMga tathA nandI meM spaSTa ullekha hai - 'sUyagaDeNaM sasamayA suijjaMti, parasamayA sUijjaMti, sasamayA parasamayA sUijjati / " 'arthasya sUcanAt sUtram' isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra jo artha kA sUcana karatA hai, vaha sUtra kahalAtA hai| prastuta Agama meM sUcanAtmaka tattva kI mukhyatA hone se isakA nAma sUtrakRta hai| acelaka paramparA meM isa aMga ke tIna nAma milate hai - suddayaDa, sUdayaDa aura sUdayada / inameM prayukta 'sudda' yA 'sUda' zabda 'sUtra' kA evaM 'yaDa' athavA 'yada' zabda kRta kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra isa aMga ke prAkRta nAmoM kA saMskRta rUpAntara 'sUtrakRta' hI samIcIna hai| pUjyapAda se lekara zrutasAgara taka ke sabhI tattvArthavRttikAroM ne sUtrakRta nAma kA hI ullekha kiyA hai|' AcArya vIrasena ke anusAra isa sUtra meM anya dArzanikoM kA varNana hai / ' isa Agama kI racanA kA AdhAra bhI yahI hai / ataH isakA sUtrakRta nAma rakhA gayA hai| sUtrakRta ke anya vyutpattiparaka arthoM kI apekSA prastuta artha vAstavikatA ke adhika nikaTa pratIta hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga evaM bauddha darzana ke suttanipAta meM mAtra nAma sAmya hI nahIM pAyA jAtA apitu gAthAMza, gAthAe~, bhAva, bhASA evaM zabda saMyojanA kI apekSA bhI kAphI sAmyatA hai / vargIkaraNa yugapradhAna Arya - rakSitAcArya ne dvAdazAMgI kA cAra vibhAgoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA hai- caraNakaraNAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga, dharmakathAnuyoga tathA gaNitAnuyoga / cUrNikAra' ke anusAra prastuta Agama caraNakaraNAnuyoga (AcAra zAstra) hai jabaki vRttikAra ne ise dravyAnuyoga kI koTi meM rakhA hai| unakA yaha mantavya hai ki AcArAMga meM mukhya rUpa se caraNakaraNAnuyoga kA varNana hai aura sUtrakRtAMga meM dravyAnuyoga kA / samavAyAMga tathA nandIsUtra meM dvAdazAMgI kA jo vivaraNa kiyA gayA prastuta hai, vahA~ para 'evaM caraNakaraNa parUvatA' yaha pATha upalabdha hotA hai| AcArya abhayadeva ne caraNa kA artha zramaNadharma tathA karaNa kA artha piNDavizuddhi samiti kiyA hai / ' cUrNikAra ne kAlikata ko caraNakaraNAnuyoga tathA dRSTivAda ko dravyAnuyoga ke antargata mAnA hai|" dvAdazAMgI meM dRSTivAda hI mukhyata: dravyAnuyoga hai| anya ekAdaza 72 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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aMgoM meM dravyAnuyoga kA pratipAdana gauNa hai tathA AcAra zAstra kI mukhyatA hai / isI prakAra dRSTivAda meM gauNa rUpa se AcAra kI vivakSA hai / etadartha hI cUrNikAra ne prastuta Agama ko caraNakaraNAnuyoga mAnA hai / vRttikAra AcArya abhayadeva ne isameM mukhyatayA dravya kA pratipAdana hone se ise dravyAnuyoga mAnA hai| isa prakAra cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra donoM ke vargIkaraNa sApekSa hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra niyuktikAra" ne prastuta sUtra ke racanAkAra ke viSaya meM kisI vyakti vizeSa kA nAma ullikhita nahIM kiyA hai, tathApi unakA yaha kathana hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ke vacanoM ko sunakara karmoM ke kSayopazama se ekAgracita vAle gautamAdi gaNadharoM ne jisa sUtra kI racanA kI hai, usakA nAma sUtrakRta hai| athavA gaNadharoM ne akSaraguNamatisaMghaTanA aura karmaparizATanA ina donoM ke yoga se athavA vAkyoga aura manoyoga se isa sUtra kI racanA kI thii| isaliye bhI isakA nAma sUtrakRta hai| 12 niryuktigata sUtrakRta kI isa vyAkhyA se yaha spaSTa hai ki tIrthakara jo dezanA dete hai, usase gautamAdi samasta gaNadhara pRthak-pRthak svatantra rUpa se dvAdazAMgI kI racanA karate hai| ke racanAkAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 11 gaNadharoM meM se 9 gaNadhara to bhagavAna ke nirvANa se pUrva hI mukta ho gaye the / Arya gautama tathA Arya sudharmA - ye do gaNadhara hI vidyamAna rhe| isameM bhI indrabhUti gautama to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa kI rAtri kevala bana gaye tathA 12 varSa pazcAt Arya sudharmA ko apanA gaNa sauMpakara nirvANa ko prApta ho gaye / ataH sudharma gaNadhara ko chor3akara zeSa dasoM gaNadharoM kI ziSya paramparA tathA vAcanAe~ unake nirvANa ke sAtha hI samApta ho gyii| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paTTaparamparA ke uttarAdhikArI Arya sudharmA kI hI aMga vAcanA ziSya paramparA dvArA pracalita hotI huI varttamAna meM samprApta hai| isa tathya ko puSTa karane vAle pramANa AgAmoM meM yatra-tatra upalabdha hote hai| AcArAMga sUtra kA upodghAtAtmaka prathama vAkya hai - 'suyaM meM AusaM! teNa bhagavayA evamakkhAyaM / ' arthAt - he AyuSmAn ! maiMne sunA hai- bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aisA kahA hai|' isa vAkya racanA se yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki guru apane ziSya se vahI bAta kaha rahA hai, jo usane svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mukhAravinda se sunI thI / isa prakAra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sudharmagaNadhara kI racanA hai, kintu varttamAna meM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 73

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koI bhI Agama avikala rUpa meM prApta nahIM hai| Aja jo bhI prApta hai, vaha uttarakAla meM saMkalita hai aura saMkalanakAra ke rUpa meM varttamAna AgamoM ke racanAkAra devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa haiN| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA racanAkAla cU~ki sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA prathama zrutaskandha sudharmagaNadhara kI racanA hai, ata: isakA kAlamAna IsA pUrva pA~cavI zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai / parantu dvitIya zrutaskandha ke racanAkAra ke viSaya meM koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotA / ata: isakA racanAkAla nirdhArita karanA bhI kaThina hI hai / parantu devarddhi gaNi ke samaya yaha aMga vidyamAna thA / isa AdhAra para itanA to kahA hI jA sakatA hai ki yaha bhI IsA ke 500 varSa pUrva kA honA caahiye| jisa prakAra AgamoM meM sarvAdhika prAcIna Agama AcArAMga hai, usI prakAra sUtrakRtAMga ko bhI utanA hI prAcIna kahane meM kisI bhI vidvAna ko kisI bhI prakAra kI vipratipatti nahIM ho sakatI / pro. viMTaranitsa kA mata hai ki isakA prathama zrutaskandha prAcIna hai, usakI tulanA meM dvitIya zrutaskandha arvAcIna hai / unake anusAra prathama zrutaskandha eka vyakti kI racanA hai / dvitIya zrutaskandha, jo ki gadyAtmaka hai, avyavasthita DhaMga se ekatra kiye gaye pariziSToM kA samUha mAtra hai| phira bhI bhAratIya dhArmika sampradAyoM kA bodha karAne kI dRSTi se vaha bhI mahattvapUrNa hai / " 1 pro. viMTaranItsa kA kathana bahuta aMzoM meM satya ke nikaTa hai| bhASA, racanAzailI, zabda prayoga Adi kI dRSTi se AcArAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kI bhA~ti sUtrakRtAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha bhI prAcIna pratIta hotA hai| AcArAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha jaise prathama zrutaskandha kI cUlikA (pariziSTa) ke rUpa meM uttarakAla meM usake sAtha jor3A gayA hai, isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMga kA dvitIya zrutaskandha bhI prathama zrutaskandha kI cUlikA ke rUpa meM bAda meM jor3a diyA gayA hai| hAlA~ki isakI cUlikA hone kA spaSTa ullekha hameM kahIM nahIM milatA jaisA ullekha AcArAMga kI cUlikA kA 'AyAra cUlA' meM milatA hai / tathApi dvitIya zrutaskandha prathama zrutaskandha kA pariziSTa hai, yaha tathya niyuktikAra dvArA prayukta kiye gaye 'mahAdhyayana' zabda se jJAta hotA hai / 14 cUrNikAra ne niyuktikAra ke isa Azaya ko kucha spaSTa karate likhA hue hai ki prathama zrutaskandha ke solaha adhyayana choTe hai tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha ke 74 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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adhyayana bar3e hai| vRttikAra zIlAGkAcArya ne niyuktikAra ke isa abhiprAya ko bahuta adhika spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki prathama zrutaskandha meM jo viSaya saMkSipta rUpa se nirUpita kiye gaye hai, ve hI viSaya dvitIya zrutaskandha meM upapatti (yukti) pUrvaka vistRta kahe gaye hai| kyoMki ve hI siddhAnta athavA vidhiyA~ susaMgrahita hotI hai, jo samAsa (saMkSepa) tathA vyAsa (vistAra) pUrvaka kahI jaaye| isa kathana meM unakA mantavya spaSTa jhalakatA hai ki saMkSepa tathA vistAra ina donoM vidhiyoM se viSaya-vivakSA samIcIna rUpa se pratipAdita hotI hai| isa prakAra viSaya-nirUpaNa evaM bhASA zailI kI dRSTi se prathama zrutaskandha kA samaya mahAvIra ke samakAlIna kahA jA sakatA hai| parantu dvitIya zrutaskandha uttarAkAla meM hI saMkalita huA hogaa| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI racanAzailI sUtrakRtAMga cUrNikAra ke anusAra sUtroM kI racanA mukhyata: cAra prakAra se kI jAtI __ 1. gadya - cUrNi grantha, jaise brahmacarya adhyayana (aacaaraaNg)| 2. padya - sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha kA 16vA~ 'gAthA SoDaSaka' adhyyn| . 3. kathya - kathanIya-kathApradhAna, jaise uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita, jJAtAdharmakathA aadi| 4. geya - svara sahita, jaise uttarAdhyayana kA 8vA~ adhyyn| dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM grathita evaM prakIrNaka do prakAra kI zailI kA ullekha milatA hai|" grathita zailI se tAtparya hai - racanA shailii| prakIrNaka zailI kA artha hai - kthaashailii|" grathita zailI cAra prakAra kI hotI hai - gadya, padya, geya aura caurNa / 20 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA prathama zrutaskandha padyAtmaka zailI meM grathita hai| isameM vaitAlika, anuSTupa, indravajrA, gAthA Adi chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| dvitIya vaitAlIya adhyayana vaitAlika chanda meM nibaddha hai| niyuktikAra ne isa adhyayana ke nAma kA bhI yahI kAraNa prastuta kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne isa chanda ke lakSaNa kA apanI vRtti meM ullekha kiyA hai| solahavA~ "gAthA SoDaSaka adhyayana" gadyazailI meM racita hone para bhI padyAtmaka hai| niyuktikAra ne 'gAthA' zabda kI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 75

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mImAMsA meM aneka vikalpa prastuta kiye hai| isa vyAkhyA se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prastuta adhyayana geya hai evaM gAthA chanda yA sAmudra chanda meM racita hai / 22 isI prakAra pandrahavA~ yamakIya adhyayana yamaka alaMkAra meM grathita hai, jo Agama granthoM kI kAvyAtmaka zailI kA virala aura anUThA udAharaNa hai / dvitIya zrutaskandha ke paJcama tathA SaSTha adhyayana ko choDakara zeSa samasta adhyayana gadya zailI meM racita hai, joki bahuta vistRta hai| isa zrutaskandha meM dRSTAntoM tathA rUpakoM ke dvArA viSaya kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| prathama puNDarIka adhyayana meM puNDarIka kamala kA rUpaka dekara saMsAra tathA nirvANa kI jo parikalpanA prastuta hai, vaha atyanta sundara evaM sahaja bodhagamya hai| isI prakAra anya adhyayanoM meM bhI aneka sthaloM para dRSTAntoM kA prayoga huA hai / prathama zrutaskandha meM jahA~ pratyeka viSaya ko saTIka, bhAvabharI upamAoM ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, vahIM SaSTha vIrastuti nAmaka adhyayana meM paramAtmA mahAvIra kI stavanA meM saMsAra kI samasta utkRSTa evaM zreSThatama upamAoM kI to jaise zrRMkhalA hI bana gayI hai / isa prakAra prastuta Agama kI racanA zailI meM aneka vidhAoM ke darzana hote hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra : eka vizleSaNa 1. zrutaskandha - aneka adhyayanoM ke samUha ko skandha kahA jAtA hai| skandha vRkSa ke usa bhAga ko arthAt tane ko kahate hai, jahA~ se aneka zAkhAe~ phUTatI hai| jaba kisI zruta arthAt zAstra meM varNya viSaya evaM zailI Adi kI dRSTi se aneka vibhAga kiye jAte hai, taba use zrutaskandha kahate hai / jaise AcArAMga ko bAhayAcAra aura Antarika AcAra meM evaM sUtrakRtAMga ko padya evaM gadya kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| 1 sUtrakRtAMga ke do zrutaskandha hai| 23 prathama zrutaskandha prAcIna hai jabaki dvitIya zrutaskandha bAda meM jor3a diyA gayA hai| yaha mAnyatA bhI pracalita hai ki prathama zrutaskandha ke viSayoM kA hI dvitIya zrutaskandha meM vistAra huA hai| 2. adhyayana - sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM solaha adhyayana tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha meM sAta adhyayana hai| niyuktikAra ne donoM zrutaskandha ke tebIsa adhyayana evaM taiMtIsa uddezakoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 24 prathama zrutaskandha meM 16 76 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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adhyayana hone se ise 'gAthA SoDaSaka' tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha ke sAta adhyayana vistRta hone se 'mahajjhayaNA' bhI kahA jAtA hai| " samavAyAMga, nandI, uttarAdhyayana tathA Avazyaka sUtra meM bhI aisA hI ullekha milatA hai | 26 3. uddezaka - jainAgamoM kA viSaya vibhAga kI dRSTi se jaba vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, taba bar3e prakaraNa ko adhyayana tathA choTe prakaraNa ko uddezaka kahA jAtA hai / adhyayana ke liye granthAMza evaM kAlAMza kI samucita vyavasthA kI jAtI thI / vahI uddezana kAla hai / udAharaNa svarUpa AcArya ziSya ko Agama kA adhyApana karavAte hai| pahalA pATha hotA hai - aMga, zrutaskandha, adhyayana aura uddezaka kA bodha kraanaa| yaha eka uddezaka kAla hai| isa prakAra pUrNa grantha ke adhyayana kI vyavasthA kI jAtI thI / sUtrakRtAMga ke adhyayana tathA uddezakoM kA vibhAga isa prakAra hai - adhyayana 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. prathama zrutaskandha samaya vaitAlIya upasarga parijJA strI parijJA naraka vibhakti vIra stuti . kuzIla paribhASA vIrya dharma samAdhi mArga samavasaraNa yAthAtathya grantha AdAna gAthA uddezaka 4 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 77 1 1 1 1 1

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adhyayana 1 . 6. dvitIya zrutaskandha uddezaka puNDarIka kriyAsthAna AhAraparijJA pratyAkhyAna kriyA anAcAra zruta ArdrakIya 7. nAlandIya isa prakAra do zrutaskandha meM kula 23 adhyayana tathA 33 uddezaka hai| acelaka (digambara) paramparA meM bhI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke tebIsa adhyayana mAnya hai| parantu uparyukta nAmoM meM va acelaka paramparA meM ulapabdha nAmoM meM kahIM-kahIM thor3A sA bheda hai| pratikramaNagranthatrayI nAmaka pustaka meM 'tevIsAe suddayaDaejjhANesu' aisA ullekha hai| isa pATha kI "prabhAcandrIya vRtti" meM ina tebIsa adhyayanoM ke nAma bhI ginAyeM gaye hai, jo isa prakAra hai - 1. samaya 2. vaitAlIya 3. upasarga 4. strIpariNAma 5. naraka 6. vIra stuti 7. kuzIla paribhASA 8. vIrya 9. dharma 10. agra 11. mArga 12. samavasaraNa 13. trikAla granthahida (?) 14. AtmA 15. taditthagAthA (?) 16. puNDarIka 17. kriyAsthAna 18. AhAraka pariNAma 19. pratyAkhyAna 20. anagAraguNakIrti 21. zruta 22. artha 23. naalndaa|" 4. padaparimANa - vizeSAvazyakamASya meM pada kA svarUpa batAte hue isako artha kA vAcaka evaM dyotaka kahA hai|" bolanA, baiThanA, azva, vRkSa Adi pada ke vAcaka hai| pra, pari, ca, vA ityAdi pada dyotaka hai| isake alAvA pada ke pA~ca prakAra bhI upalabdha hote hai| nAmika, naipAtika, aupasargika, AkhyAtika aura mishr| azva, vRkSa Adi nAmika pada hai| khalu, hi ityAdi naipAtika pada hai| apa, sama, anu ityAdi aupasargika pada hai| daur3atA hai, khAtA hai ityAdi AkhyAtika pada hai| saMyata, pravardhamAna, nivartamAna Adi mizra pada hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM padaparimANa upalabdha nahIM hai, parantu digambara sAhitya meM pada parimANa kA vyavasthita krama ullikhita hai| unake anusAra pada ke tIna prakAra hote hai - 1. arthapada 2. madhyama pada aura 3. parimANa pd| a. arthapada - jitane akSaroM se artha kI upalabdhi hotI hai, vaha arthapada hai| 78 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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ba. madhyamapada - solaha sau cautIsa karor3a, tirAsI lAkha, sAta hajAra, ATha sau aThAsI (16,34,83,07,888) madhyamapada ke varNa hote hai| aMgoM aura pUrvo kA pramANa madhyamapada ke dvArA hotA hai|" sa. pramANapada - ATha akSaroM se niSpanna pramANapada kahA jAtA hai| sUtrakRtAMga niyukti meM sUtrakRtAMga kA padaparimANa AcArAMga se dugunA arthAt chattIsa hajAra batAyA gayA hai| yaha pada saMkhyA zvetAmbara tathA digambara donoM paramparA ke granthoM meM aneka sthAnoM para nirdiSTa kI gayI hai|" yadi madhyamapada ke AdhAra para sUtrakRtAMga kI gaNanA kI jAya to isakA AkAra bahuta vizAla ho jAtA hai| parantu isakA vartamAna AkAra choTA hai, ata: yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki Agama saMkalana ke samaya isakA kucha bhAga lupta ho gayA hogA kyoMki devarddhigaNi ke samakSa yahI AkAra upalabdha thaa| unhoMne chattIsa hajAra padoM kA ullekha paramparA se prApta mAnyatA ke anusAra hI kiyA hai| nandI sUtra ke anusAra sUtrakRtAMga meM saMkhyAta akSara, ananta gama, ananta paryAya, parimita trasa aura ananta sthAvara hai| 2 5. vAcanA - nandI tathA samavAyAMga ke anusAra sUtrakRtAMga kI parimita vAcanAe~ hai| kintu vartamAna meM upalabdha sutrakRtAMgavRtti meM svIkRta pATha rUpa (mAthurI) eka vAcanA tathA 'nAgArjunIyAstu' ina do vAcanAoM kA hI ullekha hai| . 6. anuyogadvAra - sUtrakRtAMga meM saMkhyAta anuyogadvAra hai| haribhadrasUri ne anuyoga kA artha "adhyayana ke artha kI pratipAdana paddhati' kiyA hai| anuyoga ke cAra dvAra hote hai / jisa prakAra dvAra rahita nagara nagara nahIM hotA, usI prakAra upakramAdi ke abhAva meM grantha kA koI rUpa nahIM hotaa| vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM isakA vistAra se ullekha milatA hai|" vyAkhyA ke cAra dvAroM ko AcArAMga vRtti meM nimna prakAra se spaSTa kiyA gayA hai -35 (a) upakrama - yaha vyAkhyA kA pahalA dvAra hai| isake dvArA zrotA aura pAThaka ko grantha kA paricaya karAyA jAtA hai, jise upodghAta bhI kahate hai| bRhatkalpabhASya kI vRtti meM upodghAta para mahattvapUrNa carcA karate hue kahA hai - "jisa prakAra a~dhere talaghara meM rakhI huI vastue~ dIpaka ke prakAza meM dikhAyI detI hai, usI prakAra zAstra meM nihita artha upodghAta ke dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai| zAstra kI upAdeyatA upodghAta se pramANita hotI hai| megha se AcchAdita candramA adhika prakAzamAna nahIM hotA, usI prakAra zAstra bhI upodghAta ke binA upayogI nahIM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 79

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hotaa|"36 (ba) nikSepa - zabdoM meM vizeSaNa ke dvArA 'pratiniyata' artha kA pratipAdana karane kI zakti nihita karanA nikSepa hai| (sa) anugama - astitva, nAstitva, dravyamAna, kSetra, sparzanA, kAla Adi anake pahaluoM kI vyAkhyA karanA anugama hai| (da) naya - ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke eka dharma kA bodha karanA naya hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM uparokta cAroM vyAkhyA dvAroM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| 7. chanda - sUtrakRtAMga meM gAthA, anuSTupa Adi saMkhyAta chanda hai| 8. niyukti - nizcayapUrvaka artha kA pratipAdana karane vAlI yukti niyukti hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM saMkhyAta niyuktiyA~ hai| 9. pratipatti - jisameM dravyAdi padArthoM kI mAnyatA kA athavA pratimA Adi abhigraha vizeSa kA ullekha ho vaha pratipatti hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM aisI pratipattiyA~ bhI saMkhyAta hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI viSayavastu sUtrakRtAMga kI viSaya-vastu kA sAmAnya paricaya vividha granthoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| samavAyAMga' meM prastuta Agama kA paricaya dete hue kahA gayA hai ki isameM loka-aloka, jIvAjIva Adi 9 padArtha, svasamaya tathA parasamaya kI sUcanA dI gayI hai| 180 kriyAvAdI, 84 akriyAvAdI, 67 ajJAnavAdI, 32 vinayavAdI, isa prakAra 363 pAkhaNDiyoM ke mata kA nirUpaNa karate hue abhijAta zramaNoM kI dRSTi parimArjita karane hetu svasamaya kI prasthApanA kI gayI hai| nandIsUtra meM bhI sUtrakRtAMga ke viSaya meM loka-aloka, jIva-ajIva Adi ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha kriyAvAdI Adi 363 kutIrthikoM ke mata kA nirAsa karane kI carcA kI gayI hai| digambara sAhitya dhavalA' meM kahA gayA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM jJAna, vinaya, kalpya-akalpya, chedopasthApanA, vyavahAra dharma kA vivecana hai tathA svasamayaparasamaya va kriyAoM kA nirUpaNa hai| AcArya akalaMka ne tattvArtharAjavArtika meM sUtrakRtAMga ke viSaya kA nirUpaNa ukta prakAra se hI kiyA hai| jydhvlaa| ke anusAra sUtrakRtAMga meM svasamaya-parasamaya, strIpariNAma, klIbatA, aspRSTatA, kAmAveza, vibhrama, AsphAlana sukha (strIsaMga kA sukha), puruSecchA Adi kA varNana 80 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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hai| aMgapaNNati meM batAyA gayA hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM jJAna - vinaya, nirvighna adhyayana, sarvasatkriyA, prajJApanA, sukathA, kalpya, vyavahAra, dharmakriyA, chedopasthApana, yatisamaya, parasamaya evaM kriyAbheda kA nirUpaNa hai| isa prakAra sacelaka tathA acelaka granthoM meM nirdiSTa sUtrakRtAMga ke viSaya adhikAMzatayA varttamAna vAcanA meM vidyamAna hai| yaha avazya hai ki kisI viSaya kA nirUpaNa mukhya rUpa se huA hai to kisI kA gauNa rUpa se / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA saMkSipta adhyayana paricaya prathama zrutaskaMdha 1. samaya adhyayana - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama adhyayana kA prArambha eka mahattvapUrNa zabda se hotA hai| prArambhika gAthA meM hI sampUrNa sUtra kI racanA kA uddezya spaSTa ho jAtA hai / prastuta prathama gAthA meM paramAtmA ne praznAtmaka bhASA kA upayoga karate huye sampUrNa grantha ko samAdhAna ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai - "bujjhijja ttiuTTejjA baMdhaNaM parijANiyA / kimAha baMdhaNaM vIre ? kiM vA jANaM tiuTTai ?" jAge evaM paramAtmA ne bandhana kise kahA hai, use samajhe / 'bujjhijja' yaha eka hI zabda bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| jo jAga jAtA hai, vaha kabhI saMtapta nahIM hotA / prathama zrutaskandha kA prathama adhyayana samaya hai| isameM parasamaya kA paricaya dekara usakA nirasana kiyA gayA hai| Age isI meM parigraha ko baMdha aura hiMsA ko vairavRtti kA kAraNa batAte hue paravAdiyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| isa Agama kI yaha viziSTatA hai ki isameM pahale paricaya aura bAda meM nirasana kI zailI ko apanAyA gayA hai| isameM Age niyuktikAra ne 2 gAthApaJcaka ke dvArA sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha ke solaha adhyayanoM ke arthAdhikAroM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai| isI krama meM prathama adhyayana meM varNita vAdoM kA bhI saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai- paMcamahAbhUtavAda, ekAtmavAda, tajjIvataccharIravAda akArakavAda, AtmaSaSThavAda, aphalavAda (kSaNikavAda), niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, jagatkartRtvavAda, karmopacaya niSedhavAda, lokavAda, avatAravAda Adi parasamaya (siddhAnta) ke khaNDana tathA svasamaya ke maNDana kI carcA kI gayI hai| 2. vaitAliya adhyayana meM zarIra kI anityatA, upasarga sahana, kAma- parityAga, kaSAyajaya kA samyak upadeza diyA hai| isa adhyayana meM prayukta vaitAliya vRtta sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 81

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(chanda) kA lakSaNa vRttikAra ne isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai - vaitAlIya laganairdhanA: SaD yukpAde'STau same ca lH| na samo'tra pareNa yujyate, netaSaT ca nirantarA yujoH|| jisa vRtta ke pratyeka pAda ke anta meM ragaNa, laghu aura guru ho, prathama aura tRtIya pAda meM cha:-2 mAtrAe~ ho, dvitIya tathA caturtha pAda meM ATha-2 mAtrAe~ ho, sama saMkhyA vAlA laghu paravarNa se guru na kiyA jAtA ho tathA dvitIya aura caturtha caraNa meM lagAtAra cha: laghu na ho use vaitAlIya chanda kahate hai| 3. upasarga adhyayana meM zramaNa dharma ke pAlana meM Ane vAle vibhinna upasargoM kA varNana hai| 4. strIparijJA adhyayana meM strI sambandhI anukUla upasargoM ko sahana karate huye sAdhaka ko brahmacarya meM sthira rahane kI preraNA dI gayI hai| 5. narakavibhakti adhyayana meM naraka ke dArUNa du:khoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| 6. vIrastuti adhyayana meM paramAtmA mahAvIra kI loka kI sarvottama upamAoM se stuti kI gayI hai| 7. kuzIla paribhASA adhyayana meM zIla-azIla tathA kuzIla kA varNana 8. vIrya adhyayana meM paNDitavIrya tathA bAlavIrya ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai| 9. dharma adhyayana meM vItarAga prarUpita lokottara dharma kA pratipAdana hai| 10. samAdhi adhyayana meM jJAna-darzana-cAritra-taparUpa bhAva samAdhi ko upAdeya batAyA gayA hai| 11. mArga adhyayana meM samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra rUpa prazasta bhAva mArga ko AcaraNIya batAyA gayA hai| 12. samavasaraNa adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sabase mahattvapUrNa adhyayana hai| isameM tatkAlIna kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI tathA vinayavAdIina cAroM vAdoM ke 36 3 bhedoM kA ullekha karate hue svAgrahI hone se unheM mithyA batAyA gayA hai tathA ina vAdoM kI dArzanika samAlocanA karate huye svamata kI sthApanA dvArA sApekSa dRSTikoNa ko samyak batAyA gayA hai| 13. yAthAtathya adhyayana meM pratyeka sUtra ke artha-bhAvArtha-paramArtha Adi 82 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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ko samyaktayA samajhakara usakA prarUpaNa tathA tadanusAra AcaraNa karane kI preraNA dI gayI hai| 14. grantha adhyayana meM bAhyAbhyantara granthoM (gA~Tha) ke tyAga kA upadeza hai| 15. yamakIya adhyayana meM viveka kI durlabhatA, saMyama ke supariNAma, sAdhanA kI paddhati kA nirUpaNa hai, jisakA AdAna (grahaNa) karake sAdhaka apane karmoM kA kSaya karatA hai / yaha adhyayana yamaka alaMkAra meM racita hai / 16. gAthA nAmaka SoDaza adhyayana gadyAtmaka hone para bhI geya hai niyuktikAra" tathA vRttikAra ne gAthA chanda kI vibhinna prakAra se mImAMsA kI hai - a. jisakA uccAraNa karNapriya, madhura tathA sundara ho, vaha madhurA bhI gAthA hai ba. jo madhura akSaroM meM pravRtta karake gAyI jAtI ho, vaha bhI gAthA hai / sa. jisameM alaga-alaga sthita arthasamUha kA ekatrIkaraNa kiyA gayA 1 ho, vaha bhI gAthA hai| da. jo chandobaddha na hokara bhI gAyI jAtI ho, vaha gAthA hai / i. jo sAmudra (gAthA ) chanda meM racita madhura prAkRta zabdAvalI se yukta ho, vaha bhI gAthA hai / 15 niyuktikAra ke dvArA prayukta sAmudrachanda kA lakSaNa chandonuzAsana ke 6TheM adhyAya meM isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai, 'oje sapta same nava sAmudrakam // ' yaha lakSaNa prastuta adhyayana kI gAthAoM para lAgU nahIM hotA / ataH yaha zodha kA viSaya hai| vRttikAra ne" gAthA kA sAmudrachanda kI dRSTi se isa prakAra artha kiyA hai anibaddha hai, chandobaddha nahIM hai, use saMsAra meM paNDitoM ne gAthA nAma diyA hai | gAthA chanda kI uparyukta samasta vyAkhyAoM ke AdhAra para yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki prastuta gAthA adhyayana meM pUrvokta adhyayanoM kA artha samUha ekatrakara samAviSTa kiyA hai / ata: ise gAthA SoDaSaka kahA jAtA hai| tathA padyAtmaka na hone para bhI gAthA chanda meM nibaddha hai, ata: geya hone se bhI isakA nAma gAthA rakhA gayA hai| isa adhyayana meM mAhana, zramaNa, bhikSu tathA nirgrantha kA svarUpa prazaMsAtmaka rUpa se batAyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 83

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dvitIya zrutaskandha 1. puNDarIka nAmaka prathama adhyayana meM saMsAra rUpa puSkariNI, karmarUpa jala, kAmabhoga rUpa kIcar3a, puNDarIka kamalarUpa rAjA, dharmatIrtha rUpa taTa, kuzala bhikSu rUpa dharma kI pratIkAtmaka kalpanA kI gayI hai| isa puSkariNI ke madhya meM puNDarIka kamala hai, jise pAne ke liye cAra dizAoM se cAra puruSa kramaza: tajjIvataccharIravAdI, paMcabhUtavAdI, IzvarakAraNavAdI tathA niyativAdI Ate hai / ve sabhI saMsAra rUpa puSkariNI ke kAmabhoga rUpa kIcar3a meM pha~sakara puNDarIka kamala ko pAne meM asaphala rahate hai| anta meM eka nispRha, anAsakta, ahiMsAdi paMcamahAvratoM kA pAlana karane vAlA sAdhaka hI usa zreSTha kamala ko prApta karatA hai| isa rUpaka kI manorama vyAkhyA ke sAtha uparyukta cAra vAdoM kA yahA~ vistRta vizleSaNa huA hai / 2. kriyAsthAna adhyayana meM karmabandha kI kAraNabhUta bAraha kriyAoM kA aura karmabandha se mukta hone kI terahavIM kriyA kA varNana hone se isakA nAma 'kriyAsthAna' hai| 3. AhAra parijJA adhyayana meM dravya tathA bhAva AhAra kI vistRta carcA karate huye zramaNa ko maryAdApUrvaka, nirdoSa, kalpanIya AhAra grahaNa karane kI bAta para vizeSarUpa se bala diyA gayA hai| 4. pratyAkhyAna kriyA nAmaka adhyayana meM samasta pApa karmoM kA bandha rokane ke liye pratyAkhyAna rUpa saMvara dvArA AtmA ko anuzAsita karane kI AvazyakatA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 5. AcAra zruta va aNagAra zruta isa adhyayana ke ye do nAma upalabdha hote hai| isameM sAdhu ke anAcAra kA niSedhAtmaka rUpa se varNana karate huye unase sambandhita AcAroM kA varNana hone se ye donoM hI nAma sArthaka pratIta hote hai| 6. ArdrakIya adhyayana meM anArya dezotpanna ArdrakumAra ke jIvana kI ghaTanA kA niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra ne vistRta ullekha kiyA hai| jaba ArdrakumAra munidIkSA lekara paramAtmA mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa kI ora prasthAna karate hai, taba rAste meM gozAlaka, bauddhabhikSu, sAMkhyamatavAdI, ekadaNDI, hastItApasa Adi ke sAtha vAdavivAda hotA hai| Ardraka muni yuktiyukta vacanoM ke dvArA ina pA~coM ke matoM kA prakharatA ke sAtha nirasana karate hai / 7. nAlandIya adhyayana meM gaNadhara gautama tathA pArthyApatyIya peDhAlaputra udaka kI dharma carcA kA varNana hai / anta meM gautama ke dvArA samAhita hone para peDhAlaputra 84 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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cAturyAma dharma ko chor3akara pratikramaNasahita paJcamahAvrata rUpa dharma ko svIkAra karatA hai / ina samasta adhyayanoM tathA vAdoM kA vistRta varNana tathA dArzanika vizleSaNa agale adhyayana meM kiyA jAyegA / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA vyAkhyA sAhitya mUla granthoM ke artha ke spaSTIkaraNa ke liye usa para vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya likhane kI paramparA prAcIna bhAratIya sAhityakAroM meM vizeSa rUpa se vidyamAna rahI hai / ve mUlagrantha ke pratyeka zabda kI vivecanA evaM AlocanA karate tathA usa para eka choTI yA bar3I TIkA likhate / isa prakAra ke sAhitya se do prayojana siddha hote hai / vyAkhyAkAra ko apanI lekhanI se granthakAra ke abhISTa artha kA vizleSaNa karane meM asIma AtmollAsa hotA hai tathA kahIM-kahIM use apanI mAnyatA prastuta karane kA avasara bhI milatA hai| dUsarI ora pAThaka ko grantha ke gUDhArtha taka pahu~cane ke liye anAvazyaka zrama bhI nahIM karanA par3atA / isa prakAra vyAkhyAkAra kA parizrama sva-para- ubhaya ke liye kalyANakArI tathA upayogI siddha hotA hai / prAcInatama jaina vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya meM Agamika vyAkhyAoM kA atimahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ina vyAkhyAoM ko hama pA~ca koTiyoM meM vibhakta kara sakate hai 1. niyukti 2. bhASya 3. cUrNi 4. TIkA tathA 5. lokabhASAoM meM racita vyAkhyAe~ / - aMgasUtroM ke krama meM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dvitIya sthAna hone para bhI dArzanika sAhitya kI dRSTi se isakI mahattA aura mUlyavattA AcArAMga sUtra kI apekSA bhI adhika hai| isameM tatkAlIna anya matoM evaM dArzanika vAdoM kA jo vistRta varNana evaM gambhIra cintana prastuta huA hai, usI ko lakSya meM rakhakara anake zrutadhara AcAryoM ne isa para vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai 1. sUtrakRtAMga niryukti racanAkAra - jainAgamoM ke sarvaprathama vyAkhyAkAra kahalAne kA zreya niyuktikAra AcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) ko hai / jisa prakAra vaidika pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karane ke liye yAska maharSi ne nighaNTubhASyarUpa nirUkta likhA, usI prakAra jainAgamoM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 85

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ke pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karane ke liye AcArya bhadrabAhu ne prAkRta padya meM 10 niyuktiyoM kI racanA kI, jisameM sUtrakRtAMganiyukti kA 5vA~ sthAna hai| yaha sUtrakRtAMgasUtra kA sarvaprathama tathA sarvAdhika prAcIna vyAkhyA grantha hai| racanAkAla - sUtrakRtAMganiyukti ke kartA niyuktikAra AcArya bhadrabAhu, chedasUtrakAra, caturdazapUrvadhara Arya bhadrabAhu se bhinna hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu ne apanI dazAzrutaskandhaniyukti evaM paMcakalpaniyukti ke prArambha meM chedasUtrakAra bhadrabAhu ko namaskAra kiyA hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu prasiddha jyotirvida varAhamihira ke sahodara mAne jAte hai| ye aSTAMga nimitta tathA maMtravidyA meM pAraMgata naimittika bhadrabAhu ke rUpa meM bhI prasiddha hai| upasargahara stotra tathA bhadrabAhusaMhitA bhI inhIM kI racanAe~ hai| varAhamihira vi.saM. 532 meM vidyamAna the, kyoMki 'paMcasiddhAntikA' ke anta meM zaka saMvat 427 arthAt vi.saM. 562 kA ullekha hai| niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu kA bhI lagabhaga yahI samaya hai| ata: niyuktiyoM kA racanA kAla vi.saM. 500600 ke bIca meM mAnanA yuktiyukta hai|" niyukti kI vyAkhyApaddhati bahuta prAcIna hai| niyuktikAra ne ina Agamika niyuktiyoM meM jaina paramparAgata aneka mahattvapUrNa pAribhASika zabdoM kI suspaSTa vyAkhyA kI hai, jisameM unhoMne nikSepapaddhati kA AdhAra liyA hai| nikSepapaddhati meM kisI eka zabda ke samasta sambhAvita arthoM kA nirdeza karake prastuta artha kA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne apanI niyuktiyoM meM prastuta artha ke nizcaya ke sAtha hI tatsambaddha anya bAtoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai| viSayavastu sUtrakRtAMga niyukti meM 205 gAthAe~ hai, jo prAkRta meM nibaddha hai| isameM sUtrakRtAMga meM Aye zabdoM kI vyAkhyA na karake niyuktikAra ne adhyayanagata zabdoM kI vyAkhyA adhika kI hai| niyukti ke prArambha meM sUtrakRtAMga ke AdhAra para sUtra evaM kRta kI vyAkhyA karate hue gAthA do meM isake tIna guNa niSpanna nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kAlakaraNa kI vyAkhyA bhI jyotiS kI dRSTi se atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isa niyukti meM mukhya rUpa se samaya, upasarga, strI, puruSa, naraka, stuti, dharma, vIrya, zIla, samAdhi, mArga, grahaNa, puNDarIka, sUtra, Ardra, alaM, Adi padoM kA nikSepa-paddhati se vizada vivecana huA hai| isameM samaya, vIrya, mArga Adi zabdoM 86 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kI vyAkhyA aneka AdhyAtmika tathA sAMskRtika rahasyoM ko prakaTa karane vAlI hai| isa vistRta vyAkhyA ke pIche do tathya spaSTa hote hai - . 1.usa samaya meM kucha zabdoM ke vividha artha vismRta hone lage hoNge| 2.usa samaya meM nikSepa paramparA kA prArambha ho cukA hogaa| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama 'samaya' adhyayana meM aneka dArzanika vAdoM kA varNana hai, tathApi niyuktikAra ne paMcamahAbhUtavAda aura akAravAda ina do vAdoM ke khaNDana meM hI apane tarka prastuta kiye hai| pA~caveM naraka vibhakti adhyayana kI vivakSA meM pandraha paramAdhArmika devoM ke kAryoM kA varNana romAMca paidA karane vAlA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa 'samavasaraNa' adhyayana kI vivakSA meM 119vIM gAthA meM niyuktikAra ne 363 matAntaroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jisameM 180 kriyAvAdI, 84 akriyAvAdI, 67 ajJAnavAdI tathA 32 prakAra ke vinayavAdI hai| dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama pauNDarIka adhyayana kI niyukti meM saMsAra kI vividha sarvazreSTha vastuoM kI gaNanA karavA dI gayI hai| niyuktikAra kA yaha zailIgata vaiziSTya hai ki ve paryAyavAcI zabdoM kI ora vizeSa dhyAna nahIM dete tathA kathA kA bhI vistAra nahIM karate tathApi chaThe adhyayana meM prasaMgavazAt ArdrakumAra kI kathA kA vistRta ullekha kiyA hai| sAtaveM tathA antima nAlandA adhyayana meM 'alaM' zabda kI nAmAdi cAra nikSepoM dvArA vividha prakAra se vyAkhyA karate hue nAlandA meM huI gautama tathA pArthApatyIya zramaNa udaka kI carcA kA varNana kiyA hai| isa prakAra AkAra meM atyanta laghukAya grantha hone para bhI niyuktikAra ne isameM pratyeka pada kI jo mahat aura sphuTa vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha usa mahApuruSa kI pracaNDa pratibhA aura prakhara prajJA ko hI ujAgara karatI hai| 2. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi AgamoM kI prAcInatama padyAtmaka vyAkhyAe~ niyukti tathA bhASya ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai, joki prAkRta meM racita hai| jainAcAryoM ko padyAtmaka vyAkhyAoM ke sAtha gadyAtmaka vyAkhyAoM kI bhI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| isI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke rUpa meM Agama tathA Agametara sAhitya para prAkRta athavA saMskRta mizrita prAkRta meM vyAkhyAe~ likhI gayI, jo cUrNiyoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 87

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racanAkAra - cUrNikAra ke rUpa meM jinadAsagaNimahattara kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai| inake jIvana caritra ke sambandha meM vizeSa sAmagrI anupalabdha hai| nizItha vizeSa cUrNi ke anta meM cUrNikAra kA nAma jinadAsa batAte huye prArambha meM unake vidyAguru ke rUpa meM pradyumna, uttarAdhyayana cUrNi ke anta meM unake dharmaguru kA nAma vANijya kulIna koTikagaNIya, vajrazAkhIya gopAla gaNimahattara batAyA gayA hai| nandI cUrNi ke anta meM bhI cUrNikAra dvArA diyA gayA paricaya aspaSTa hI hai| racanAkAla - jinadAsa ke samaya ke viSaya meM itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye bhASyakAra AcArya jinabhadra ke bAda tathA vRttikAra AcArya haribhadra ke pUrva hue hai| isakA pramANa yaha hai ki AcArya jinabhadra ke bhASya kI aneka gAthAoM kA upayoga inakI cUrNiyoM meM huA hai jabaki AcArya haribhadra ne apanI TIkAoM meM inakI cUrNiyoM kA pUrA upayoga kiyA hai| AcArya jinabhadra kA samaya vi.saM. 600660 ke nikaTa hai| tathA AcArya haribhadra kA samaya vi.saM. 757-827 ke bIca kA hai| aisI dazA meM cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNi mahattara kA samaya vi.saM. 650750 ke bIca meM mAnanA caahiye| nandI cUrNi ke anta meM usakA racanAkAla zaka saMvata 598 arthAt vi. saM. 733 nirdiSTa hai|'' isase bhI yahI siddha hotA hai| inhoMne vastuta: kitanI cUrNiyA likhI, yaha adyAvadhi paryanta anizcita hai| tathApi paramparA se nimnAMkita cUrNiyA~ jinadAsagaNi mahattara kI mAnI jAtI hai - nizIthavizeSa cUrNi, nandI cUrNi, anuyogadvAra cUrNi, Avazyaka cUrNi, dazavaikAlika cUrNi, uttarAdhyayana cUrNi aura suutrkRtaaNgcuurnni| viSayavastu - sUtrakRtAMgacUrNideg sUtrakRtAMga niyukti ke AdhAra para likhI gayI hai| AcArAMgacUrNi tathA sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi kI zailI meM atyadhika sAmyatA hai| yaha cUrNi saMskRta mizrita prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai tathApi saMskRta kA prayoga apekSAkRta adhika huA hai| viSaya vivecana saMkSipta hone para bhI spaSTa hai| niyukti meM jina viSayoM para vivakSA kI gayI hai, unhIM viSayoM kI cUrNi meM kucha vistRta rUpa se vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| niyukti kA anusaraNa karate huye isa cUrNi meM jahA~ pratyeka adhyayana ke nAma kA nikSepapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai, vahIM vivakSita viSaya 88 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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ko aura adhika spaSTa karane ke liye uddharaNa ke rUpa meM saMskRta tathA prAkRta gAthAoM ke bhI yatra-tatra darzana hote hai| kahIM-kahIM nAgArjunI vAcanA ke pAThAntara bhI dRSTigata hote hai| isa cUrNi meM maMgala carcA, tIrthasiddhi, saMghAta, vistrasAkaraNa, bandhanAdipariNAma, bhedAdi pariNAma, kSetrAdikaraNa, AlocanA, parigraha, mamatA, paJcamahAbhUtika, ekAtmavAda, tajjIva taccharIravAda, akArakavAda, skandhavAda, niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, jagatkartRtvavAda, trirAzivAda, lokavicAra, pratijugupsA (gomAMsa, madya, lahasuna, palAMDu Adi ke prati aruci), vastrAdi pralobhana, suravicAra, mahAvIraguNa stuti, kuzIlatA-suzIlatA, vIrya nirUpaNa, samAdhi, dAna, samavasaraNa, vainayikavAda, nAstikamata, sAMkhyamata, IzvarakartRtva carcA, bhikSu ke AhAra kA varNana, vanaspatibheda, pRthvIkAyikabheda, syAdvAda, AjIvakamata nirAsa, gozAlakamata nirAsa, bauddhamata nirAsa tathA jAtivAda nirAsa Adi viSayoM para vizeSa rUpa se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 3. sUtrakRtAMga TIkA _ niyukti, bhASya aura cUrNi kI racanA ke bAda jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta meM AgamoM para aneka TIkAoM kI racanA kii| TIkA kA abhiprAya saMskRta vivaraNa se hai| ina TIkAoM ke nirmANa se Agamika sAhitya ke kSetra meM kAphI vistAra huaa| pratyeka Agama para kama se kama eka TIkA to likhI hI gyii| TIkAkAroM ne ina TIkAoM meM niyukti, cUrNi, bhASya Adi ke viSayoM kA vistRta vivecana to kiyA hI, sAtha hI naye-naye hetuoM dvArA unheM puSTa bhI kiyaa| racanAkAra - sUtrakRtAMga TIkA ke racayitA AcArya zIlAMka mUrdhanya TIkAkAra the| ve nivRtti kulIna the tathA inakA apara nAma zIlAcArya tathA tatvAditya bhI thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne nau aMgoM para TIkAe~ likhI thI, kintu vartamAna meM kevala AcArAMga va sUtrakRtAMga kI TIkAe~ hI upalabdha hai| racanAkAla AcArAMga tathA sUtrakRtAMga ina donoM vRttiyoM meM kahIM para bhI unake jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM ullekha nahIM milatA tathApi AcArAMgaTIkA kI vibhinna pratiyoM meM ullikhita bhinna-bhinna samaya ke AdhAra para unake samaya kA nizcita nirdhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| kisI prati meM zaka saMvata 772 kA ullekha hai, to kisI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 89

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meM zak saMvata 784 kaa| kisI meM zak saMvata 798 kA ullekha hai, to kisI gupta saMvata 772 kA " / isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki AcArya zIlAMka zak kI 8vIM arthAt vikrama kI navIM - dazavIM zatAbdI meM hue hoMge | 24 viSayavastu - AcArya zIlAMka dvArA likhita sUtrakRtAMgavRtti mUla tathA niyuktyanusArI hai| TIkAkAra ne apanA vivaraNa zabdArtha taka hI sImita nahIM rakhA hai, apitu pratyeka viSaya kA vistRta vivecana prastuta kiyA hai| isa TIkA meM dArzanika cintana kI pradhAnatA hone para bhI vivecana kliSTa na hokara sahajagamya hai| viSaya ke spaSTIkaraNa ke liye yatra-tatra pAThAntara prastuta kiye hai| sAtha hI saMskRta tathA prAkRta ke aneka zloka va gAthAoM ko bhI uddhRta kiyA hai parantu kahIM para bhI unake racayitA athavA tatsaMbaddha grantha kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai / 'taduktam' 'tathA coktam', 'uktaJca', 'anyairapyuktam' ityAdi padoM ke dvArA hI samasta uddharaNoM ko prayukta kiyA hai| TIkAkAra ne TIkA ke prArambha meM jinezvaradeva ko namaskAra karate huye prastuta vivaraNa likhane kI pratijJA kI hai / pazcAt anake vAdoM kA nAmanirdezapUrvaka dArzanika - zailI meM khaNDana- maNDana kiyA hai| svamRta - paramata kI mAnyatAoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue svamata kI mahattA kA aneka yuktiyoM dvArA pratipAdana tathA paramata kA aneka hetuoM dvArA nirasana unakI vilakSaNa pratibhA ko ujAgara karatA hai / TIkA ke anta meM TIkAkAra ne isake lekhana meM vAharigaNi ke AtmIya sahayoga kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 5 prastuta TIkA kA granthamAna 12850 zloka pramANa hai / tathApi 13000, 13325, 14000 hone kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / " sUtrakRtAMga kI anya TIkAe~ zIlAMkAcArya ke atirikta aura bhI aneka zrutadhara AcAryoM ne sUtrakRtAMgasUtra para TIkA sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai 1. vi. saM. 1583 meM harSakulagaNi ne sUtrakRtAMgadIpikA kI racanA kI, jisakA granthamAna 6600, 8600, 7100, tathA 7000 Adi bhinnabhinna zloka pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| yaha saMkhyA mUla ke sAtha mAnI hai| isakA anuvAda tathA sampAdana bhImasiMha mANeka dvArA evaM prakAzana vi.saM. 1936 meM muMbaI dvArA huA hai| 57 90 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana -

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2. vi.saM. 1599 meM paramasuvihita-kharataragacchavibhUSaNa pAThakapravara zrImatsAdhuraGgagaNi ne vistRta TIkA ke rUpa meM 13416 zlokamAna sUtrakRtAGga dIpikA kI racanA kI hai, jisakA ullekha unhoMne svayaM apanI dIpikA kI samApti meM kiyA hai| isakA prakAzana goDIpArzva jaina granthAmAlA dvArA san 1950 meM huA hai| 3. 20vIM zatI meM sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke AcArya zrI ghAsIlAlajI ma. ne bhI sUtrakRtAMga-sUtra para bahuta hI vistRta saMskRta TIkA kI racanA kI hai, jisakA rAjasthAnI mizrita gujarAtI meM zabdArtha tathA hindI anuvAda bhI kara diyA gayA hai|" unakI zailI vyAsAtmaka hai tathA kahIM-kahIM punarAvRtti bhI huI hai| isa TIkA meM aneka granthoM ke uddharaNa prastuta karane ke sAtha jahA~ lekhaka kA svatantra cintana abhivyakta huA hai, vahIM paramparAgata mAnyatAoM ko puSTa karane kA prayAsa bhI huA hai| sUtrakRtAMgavArtika (TabA) jainAgamoM para vipula saMskRtasAhitya hote huye bhI jainAcAryoM ne sAdhAraNa pAThakoM ke hita kI dRSTi se lokabhASA meM sarala va subodha Agamika vyAkhyAe~ likhI hai, jinheM bAlAvabodha kahA jAtA hai| inakI bhASA tatkAlIna apabhraMza arthAt rAjasthAnI mizrita prAcIna gujarAtI hai - 1. sAdhuratnasUri ke ziSya pArzvacandragaNi ne vi. saM. 1572 meM 8 hajAra zloka pramANa sUtrakRtAMga bAlAvabodha kI racanA kI hai, jisakA prakAzana vi.saM. 1936 meM muMbaI dvArA ho cukA hai| isa prakAzana meM zIlAMkakRta TIkA, harSakulakRta dIpikA, tathA pArzvacandrakRta bAlAvabodha- ina tInoM kA samAhAra hai| 2. vikrama kI 18vIM zatAbdI meM loMkAgacchIya TabAkAra muni dharmasiMhajI ne 27 AgamoM para Tave likhe hai| sUtrakRtAMgabAlAvabodha meM racanAkAra ne mUlasUtra para bahuta hI sarala vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai| parantu kahIM-kahIM sUtroM kA prAcIna TIkAoM se abhipreta artha ko chor3akara sva-sampradAya sammata artha kiyA gayA hai, jo svAbhAvika hI hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 91

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sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke anuvAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra para mukhya rUpa se tIna bhASAoM meM anuvAda upalabdha hote haiM- hindI, gujarAtI tathA aMgrejI / hindI anuvAda 1. sUtragaDAMga sUtra kA sarvaprathama hindI anuvAda lagabhaga savAsau varSa pUrva kA upalabdha hotA hai, jisake kartA bhImasiMhamANaka hai| isa anuvAda meM zIlAMkavRtti, harSakulakRta dIpikA evaM pArzvacandrakRta bAlAvabodha kA bhI samAveza hai| isakI lipi evaM bhASA zailI donoM meM zatAbdI pUrva kA prabhAva spaSTa najara AtA hai| sambhavata: saMkSipta rUpa se hI sahI, parantu khar3I bolI meM sUtrakRtAMga kA yaha pahalA-pahalA hI anuvAda hogA, jisameM tIna TIkAoM kA AdhAra liyA gayA ho| 2. sUtrakRtAMga kA dUsarA hindI anuvAda sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke AcArya amolaka RSijI ma. ne kiyA hai| Aja se lagabhaga ATha dazaka pUrva inhoMne ekAkI Agama battIsI kA prAkRta se hindI meM anuvAda kara zrutopAsanA kA adabhuta kArya kiyA hai| inake dvArA anUdita sUtrakRtAMga sUtra mAtra mUla pATha para AdhRta hone se atyanta saMkSipta hai| ata: gUDha zabdoM ke rahasya suspaSTa tathA sahajagamya nahIM hai tathApi sAmAnya rUpa se Agama jJAna prApti meM sahAyaka hone se tathA zuddha hindI meM prathama anuvAda hone se isakA svata: mahattva hai| isI kar3I meM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA vistRta hindI anuvAda AcArya zrI javAharalAla ma. ke tattvAvadhAna meM paNDita ambikAdatta ojhA dvArA huA hai| inhoMne sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha kI bhadrabAhukRta niyukti tathA zIlAMkavRtti kA akSaraza: hindI anuvAda kiyA hai, jo sarala aura Agama ke marma ko samajhane meM atyanta upayogI siddha huA hai| isameM mUla sUtra kI saMskRta chAyA, vyAkaraNa, anvayArtha tathA bhAvArtha ke dvArA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI gUDha viSaya-vastu sahajatayA suspaSTa ho gayI hai| bhASA meM prAMjalatA na hone kA kAraNa akSaraza: anuvAda hai tathApi paNDita ojhA kA pragADha pANDitya tathA viSaya sambandhI vistRta adhyayana spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai| prathama zrutaskandha kA anuvAda vRtti sahita hai tathA 92 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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dvitIya zrutaskandha ke mUla mAtra kA anuvAda hai, jo cAra bhAgoM meM prakAzita hai|62 4. gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA hindI chAyAnuvAda kiyA hai, jo bambaI se prakAzita hai| 3 / 5. sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke paNDita muni umezacandrajI ma. ne bhI ati saMkSepa meM sUtrakRtAMga ke mUla pATha kA hindI anuvAda kiyA hai| anuvAda kI isa zRMkhalA meM sUtrakRtAMga kA sabase mahattvapUrNa aura viziSTa anuvAda pravacanabhUSaNa amara munijI ma. dvArA huA hai| isameM hemacandrajI ma. ne anuvAda saha vidvattApUrNa vyAkhyA prastuta kI hai, jisakA sampAdana amara munijI ma. ne amara- sukhabodhinIvyAkhyA dvArA kiyA hai| prastuta saMskaraNa sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA virATkAya saMskaraNa hai, jo do bhAgoM meM prakAzita hai| isameM sarvaprathama zuddha mUlapATha hai, tadanantara saMskRta chAyA, padAnvayArtha, mUlArtha aura vistRta vivecana hai, jisase mUla kA spaSTa artha- bodha ho jAtA hai| yaha vivecana niyukti tathA zIlAMkavRtti para AdhArita hone para bhI atyanta sarasa evaM subodha hai| bindurUpa mUlapATha kA sindhu rUpa vizada vizleSaNa vivecanakAra kI pANDitya pUrNa vivecanA zakti evaM prakhara vaiduSya ko ujAgara karatA hai| 7. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke hindI anuvAda kA Adhunika sampAdana yuvAcArya madhukaramunijI ma. ke pradhAna sampAdakatva meM huA hai, jo do bhAgoM meM prakAzita hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA mahattvapUrNa yugIna hindI anuvAda kiyA hai AcArya mahAprajJa ne| prastuta Agama do bhAgoM meM prakAzita hai| isakA hindI anuvAda mUlasparzI hai| mUlapATha ke sAtha saMskRta chAyA tathA TippaNa bhI likhe gaye hai| ye TippaNa cUrNi tathA vRtti ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI diye gaye hai, jisameM gAthAgata zabdoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA pAThAntara ke sAtha prastuta kI gayI hai| yaha anuvAda TippaNa sahita hone se vidvajjanoM tathA zodhArthiyoM ke liye bahuta upayogI siddha huA hai| 9. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha kA hindI anuvAda muni lalitaprabha sAgarajI ne bhI kiyA hai, jo mUla pAThAnusArI hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 93

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gujarAtI anuvAda 1. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvaprathama gurjara bhASAntara tribhovanadAsa rUghanAthadAsa kRta prApta hotA hai / yaha anuvAda eka zatI pUrva kA hai, jo do bhAgoM meM prakAzita hai / " prathama bhAga meM prathama zrutaskandha tathA dvitIya bhAga dvitIya zrutaskandha anUdita hai, jo mUlapATha se rahita mAtra gujarAtI bhASAntara hai tathApi sUtra ke zabdArtha va bhAvArtha ko spaSTa karane kA yathAsambhava prayAsa isameM dRSTigocara hotA hai / 2. gurjara bhASA meM dvitIya anuvAda mANekamuni ne kiyA hai| sambhavata: yaha gujarAtI bhASA meM prathama anuvAda hogA, jo zIlAMkavRtti para AdhRta ho / yaha anuvAda nizcaya hI sampUrNa prakAzita huA hogA parantu kitane bhAgoM meM prakAzita huA, isake viSaya meM kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki mujhe vibhinna jJAnabhaMDAroM meM khoja karane para bhI mAtra prathama (2 adhyayana ) va dvitIya ( 3 se 7 adhyayana ) bhAga hI upalabdha ho sake hai| 70 isa anuvAda meM mANekamuni ne saMkSepa meM bhI viSayagata rahasya ko spaSTa karane kA sArthaka puruSArtha kiyA hai| yaha anuvAda 8 dazaka pUrva kA hai| 3. anuvAda kI zrRMkhalA meM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA tRtIya gujarAtI anuvAda bhIkhAlAla giradharalAla zeTha se kiyA hai| yaha anuvAda mUlapATha tathA zIlAMkavRtti ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai, jo cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / tIna bhAga meM prathama zrutaskandha tathA caturtha bhAga meM dvitIya zrutaskandha prakAzita hai| " 4. lIMbaDI sthA. saMpradAya ke tapasvI paM. DuMgarazI ma. ne bhI sUtrakRtAMga ke mUlapATha kA gujarAtI bhASAMtara kiyA hai| 72 5. gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela ne sUtrakRtAMgasUtra kA hindI ke sAtha gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda bhI kiyA hai| yaha anuvAda 'mahAvIra svAmIno saMyama- dharma' nAmaka pustikA ke rUpa meM ahamadAbAda se prakAzita hai|" isameM mUlapATha nahIM diyA gayA hai| mAtra gAthAoM kA atisaMkSepa meM gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda hai / kahIM-kahIM para viSaya kI spaSTatA ke liye adhyayana ke anta meM TippaNa bhI diye gaye hai / sUtrakRtAMga ke donoM zrutaskandha isa laghukA pustikA meM samAviSTa hai / 94 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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6. paM. zobhAcandrajI bhArilla ke pradhAna sampAdakatva meM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke mUla pATha kA gujarAtI anuvAda huA hai / 74 7. sthAnakavAsI paramparA kI goNDalagacchIya mahAsatI urmilAbAI ne bhI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke donoM zrutaskandha kA gujarAtI anuvAda kiyA hai, jo do bhAgoM meM prakAzita hai|'' yaha anuvAda mUla, zabdArtha, bhAvArtha va vivecana sahita hai, jo gujarAtI bhASiyoM ke adhyayana meM upayogI sAbita hogA / 8. muni dIparatnasAgarajI ne bhI AgamadIpa ke prathama vibhAga meM AcAra, sUtrakRta, sthAna tathA samavAya isa AgamacatuSka kA gurjara chAyAnuvAda kiyA hai, joki mUlapATha sahita atisaMkSepa meM hai / " a~grejI anuvAda prasiddha jarmana vidvAn harmana yAkobI ne sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA aMgrejI meM anuvAda kiyA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAn dvArA jainadarzana ke mahattvapUrNa dArzanika Agama-grantha kA AMgla bhASA meM kiyA gayA yaha anuvAda apane ApameM bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai|" prakAzana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke mUlapATha, niryukti, cUrNi tathA TIkAoM kA sampAdana prakAzana bhI samaya-samaya para hotA hai / 1. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA bhadrabAhukRta niyukti va zIlAMkakRta vRtti sahita prakAzana vi. saM. 1973; I.sa. 1917 meM Agamodaya samiti, mehasANA dvArA huA hai| 4. 2. bhadrabAhukRta niyukti va zIlAMkavRtti sahita sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA do bhAgoM meM prakAzana jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, muMbaI dvArA bhI huA hai| 3. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke mUlapATha, niryukti va vRtti kA navIna prakAzana Agama zruta prakAzana ke dvArA Agama suttANi (saTIkaM) bhAga - 2 meM huA hai, jisake saMzodhaka va saMpAdaka muni dIparatna sAgarajI hai| inhoMne abhinava zruta prakAzana dvArA laghu pustikA ke rUpa meM prakAzita 'sUyagaDo' ke mUlapATha kA bhI saMpAdana kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke mUlapATha va niyukti mAtra kA prakAzana pUnA dvArA huA hai, jisake sampAdaka pI. ela vaidya hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 95

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5. niryukti va vRtti sahita sUtrakRtAMga ke mUlapATha kA prakAzana vi.saM. 1950 meM zrI goDIpArzva jaina graMthamAlA dvArA do bhAgoM meM huA hai / isa prati kA saMzodhana- sampAdana candrasAgarajI gaNI ne kiyA hai| 6. sUtrakRtAMgacUrNi kA prakAzana RSabhadeva kezarImalajI zvetAmbara saMsthA, ratalAma dvArA 1941 meM huA hai / 7. 8. AgamaprabhAkara puNyapuruSa puNyavijayI ma. ne sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kI niyukti vacUrNikA sampAdana - saMzodhana kiyA hai, jisakA prakAzana prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI dvArA 1975 meM huA hai / Agama-marmajJa munipravara zrI jambuvijayajI ma. ne sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA bahuta hI sukSmatA evaM zramapUrvaka sampAdana kiyA hai| yaha mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, mumbaI dvArA san 1978 meM prakAzita hai| 9. AcArAMga - sUtrakRtAMga kI niyukti tathA vRtti kA sammilita sampAdana pUjya jambu vijayajI ma. ne kiyA hai, jisakA prakAzana motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI dvArA huA hai / 10. zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA ke dvArA tIna vibhAga meM prakAzita sUtrakRtAMga kA saMzodhana saMpAdana AcArya jinendra sUri ne kiyA hai| isameM bhadrabAhu kRta niyukti, jinadAsagaNi kRta cUrNi, zrI zIlAGkAcArya - zrI harSa kulagaNi- zrI sAdhuraMgagaNi kRta TIkAoM kA samAveza hai| isake prathama tathA dvitIya bhAga meM prathama zrutaskandha va tRtIya bhAga meM dvitIya zrutaskandha hai / 11. 'aMgasuttANi' nAmaka grantha meM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi prArambhika AgamacatuSka kA mUlapATha saMkalita hai| isakA sampAdana AcArya mahAprajJa dvArA tathA prakAzana jaina vizva bhAratI, lADanU~ dvArA huA hai| 12. 'niyukti paMcaka khaNDa - 3' nAmaka grantha meM pA~ca niyuktiyoM meM sUtrakRtAMga niyukti bhI samAviSTa hai| isakA sampAdana samaNI kusumaprajJA ne tathA hindI anuvAda muni dulaharAjajI ne kiyA hai| isameM pA~ca niyuktiyoM ke mUlapATha pAThAntara sahita hai tathA pIche hindI anuvAda evaM niyuktigata kathAoM kA bhI samAveza hai / - 13. sUtrakRtAMga kI harSakulakRta dIpikA kA prakAzana zrI jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, muMbaI dvArA do bhAgoM meM vi.saM. 2049 meM huA hai| isake saMzodhaka 96 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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va saMpAdaka munidvaya zrI kalyANabodhivijaya evaM saMyamabodhivijaya hai| 14. 'AgamaguNa maMjuSA' nAmaka virATkAya grantha kA sampAdana AcArya guNasAgarasUri ne kiyA hai, jisameM sUtrakRtAMga sahita paiMtAlIsa AgamoM kA mUlapATha prakAzita hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI (a) samavAo, paiNNagasamavAo, sU. - 88 (ba) nandI sUtra - 80 (sa) anuyogadvAra sUtra - 50 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 2 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 2 (a) sUtamutpanna artharUpatayA tIrthakRbhyastata: kRtaM grantha racanayA gnndhrairiti| (ba) sUtrAnusAreNa tattvabodhaH kriyate asminniti suutrkRtm| (sa) svapara samayArtha sUcanaM sUcA, sA'smin kRteti suucaakRtm| (a) samavAo, paiNNagasamavAo, sU. - 90 (ba) nandI sU. - 82 jai. sA. bR. i. bhAga - 1 pR. - 173 kaSAyapAhuDa, bhAga - 1 pR. - 134 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pRSTha - 3 : iha caraNANuogeNa adhikaarii| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 1: tatrAcArAGga caraNakaraNaprAdhAnyena vyAkhyAtam, adhunAavasarAyAtaMdravyaprAdhAnyena sUtrakRtAkhyaM dvitIyamaGgavyAkhyAtumArabhyata iti| samavAyAMga vRtti patra - 102, : caraNam - vratazramaNa dharma sNymaadynekvidym| karaNam - piNDavizuddhi smityaadynekvidym| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi - pR. - 3 : kAliya suyaM caraNakaraNANuogo, ......... diDivAto dvvaannujogotti| (a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 18 (ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 6 (a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 22 (ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 8 History of Indian Lilerature, Part - II, Page - 441 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 142-143 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 308 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 267 : ihAnantara zrutaskandhe yo'rthaH samAsato'bhihita: asAvevAnena zrutaskandhena sopapattiko vyAsena abhidhiyate, ta eva vidhaya: susaMgRhItA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 97 14. 16.

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17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. bhavanti yeSAM samAsavyAsAbhyAmabhidhAnamiti, yadivA pUrvazrutaskandhokta evArtho'nena dRSTAntadvAreNa sukhAvagamArtha pratipAdyata ityanena sambandhe-nAyAtasyAsya zrutaskandhasya sambandhini saptamahAdhyayanAni pratipAdyante / sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. dazavai. niyukti gAthA 169 dazavai. hAribhadrayA vRtti patra 87 dazavai. niyukti gAthA 170 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 38 53 - (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 7 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 53 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 22 : 'do caiva sutakkhaMdhA' vahI sUtrakRtAMga cUrNa pR. 15 (a) samavAo, paiNNagasamavAo sU. 90: ( ba ) nandI sUtra - 82 (sa) uttarAdhyayana sUtra 31 / 16 (da) Avazyaka sUtra - 4 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa bhAga vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 1003 - - - - gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) gA. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 22 (a) samavAo, paiNNagasamavAo, sU. 38 - - 355 90 (ba) kasAyapAhuDa, jayadhavalA bhAga- 1 pR. (sa) nandI sUtra 84 (da) gommaTasAra ( jIvakANDa) gA. nandI sUtra - 84 - anuyogadvAra hAribhadrayA vRtti patra vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA - AcArAMga vRtti patra 2-3 bRhatkalpabhASya vRtti bhAga 1 pR. samavAo, paiNNagasamavAo, sUtra 90 2 - - 1 pR. - 173 - 358 nandI sUtra 47 (a) jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa - bhAga (ba) SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalA bhAga - 26 : ihAdhyayanArthakathana vidhiranuyogaH / 908/909 1 pR. 98 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana 85 - 1 pR. - 173 99

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40. 47. 1. tatvArtha rAjavArtika - 1/2 kasAyapAhuDa, jayadhavalA, bhAga - 1 pR. - 122 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 24-28 " .. (a) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 53 . (ba) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra bhAga - 1 ambikAdatta ojhA kRta anuvAda pR. - 194 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 139/140 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 262 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga - 1, pR. - 199 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra. - 262:taccedaMchandaH = anibaddhaM yat loke gAtheti tatpaNDitai: proktm|' jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga - 3 pR. - 6/7 gaNadharavAda, prastAvanA - pRSTha - 32-3 (a) nandI cUrNi - (prA. Te.so.) pR. - 83 . (a) A History of Canonical Literature of Jainas. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi, zrI RSabhadevajI kesarImala zve. saMsthA, ratalAma, san 1941 pR. - 191 AcArAMga vRtti patra 287 : nivRttikulIna zrI zIlAcAryeNa tatvodityApara nAmnA vAharisAdhu sahAyena kRtA TIkA prismaapteti| prabhAvaka caritra : zrI abhayadevasUri prabandha, kA. 104-105 A History of Canonical Literature of Jainas, P. No. - 197 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa - bhAga - 3, pR. - 352. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 427 (jaMbuvijayajI dvArA sampAdita) 'kRtAceyaM zIlAcAryeNa vAharigaNi sahAyena / ' jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga - 1 pR. - 30 zrIsUyagaDAMga sUtra - bhImasiMha mANeka, rAyadhanapatasiMha bahAdura, kalakattA- prastAvanA - pR. - 6 vi. saM. 1936 zrI sUtrakRtAMga dIpikA (pra.zru.), goDIpArzva jaina granthamAlA muMbaI, san - 1950 'zrImatkharataragaccha, shriimjjindevsuurisaamraajye| zrI bhuvanasomasadaguru-ziSyaiH zrI saadhurnggaa-khyaiH||' prazasti gA. - 22 zrI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, kanhaiyAlAlajI ma., jainazAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa zrI sUyagaDAMga sUtra, bhImasiMha mANeka, rAyadhanapatasiMha bahAdura, kalakattA- vi.saM.1936 zrI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhuliyA, tR. saM. I. sa. 2002 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, mahAvIra jaina jJAnodaya sosAiTI, rAjakoTa -beMgalora, vi. saM. - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA paricaya evaM usakA vyAkhyA sAhitya / 99 55. 56.

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1997 vi. saM. - 1993/1995 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zve. sthA. jaina konpharensa, bambaI, sana - 1938 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, zrI a. bhA. sAdhumArgI jai. saM. rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA, vi. saM. - 2013 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, AtmajJAna pITha, mAnasA maNDI, paMjAba sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, saMpA. yuvAcArya madhukaramuni Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara, I. sa. 1982 sUyagaDo, bhAga-1-2 sampA. AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM, pra. bhA. 2002, dvi. bhA. 1986 sUyagaDa suttaM, muni lalitaprabhasAgara, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura, 1990 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, tribhovanadAsa rughanAthadAsa, AkAza zeThanA kUvA nI pola, ahamadAbAda, 1899 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - munimANeka - zrImana mohanalAlajI jaina zvetAmbara jJAna bhaNDAra gopIpurA, surata, san 1922 zrI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra bhAga - 1, 2, 3, 4, (TIkA sahita gurjara anuvAda) zrI sUyagaDAMga sUtra (gujarAtI) paM. DuMgarazI ma. muMbaI san 1976 mahAvIra svAmI no saMyama dharma, gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela, pUjAbhAIjaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda vi. saM. - 1922 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, paM. zobhAcandrajI bhArilla, zrI prema jinAgama prakAzana samiti, ghATakopara, muMbaI / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1 sampA. mahAsatI urmilAbAI - guruprANa phAunDezana zrI royala pArka sthA.jaina moTA saMgha, rAjakoTa - I.sa. 2000 AgamadIpa, AgamadIpa prakAzana, ahamadAbAda - I. sa. - 1997 H. Jacobi, S.B.E. Series, Vol. - 45, Oxford, 1895 100 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana prathama zrutaskandha 1. samaya adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke pra. zru. ke prathama adhyayana kA nAma 'samaya' hai| zabdakoSa meM samaya ke kaI artha pratipAdita kiye gaye hai, yathA - kAla, zapatha, saugandha, AcAra, siddhAnta, AtmA, aMgIkAra, svIkAra, saMketa, nirdeza, bhASA, sampatti, AjJA, zarta, niyama, avasara, kAlavijJAna, samaya-jJAna, niyama bA~dhanA, zAstra, prastAva, Agama, niyama, sarvasUkSmakAla, rivAja, sAmAyika, saMyamavizeSa, sundara pariNAma, mata, pariNamana, darzana, padArtha aadi| prastuta sUtra meM "samaya" zabda siddhAnta, Agama, AcAra, zAstra, mata, darzana tathA niyama Adi arthoM meM prayukta huA hai|' niyuktikAra ne "samaya" zabda ke 12 nikSepa prastuta kiye haiM - 1. nAma samaya, 2. sthApanA samaya 3. dravya samaya 4. kAla samaya 5. kSetra samaya 6. kutIrtha samaya 7. saMgAra (saMketa) samaya 8. kula samaya (kulAcAra) 9. gaNa samaya (saMghAcAra) 10. saMkara samaya (sammilita ekamata) 11. gaNDI samaya (vibhinna sampradAyoM kI prathA) 12 bhAva samaya (vibhinna anukUla-pratikUla smy)|' cUrNikAra' tathA vRttikAra ne inakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra prastuta kI hai - 1. nAma samaya - kisI kA nAma 'samaya' ho| 2. sthApanA samaya - kisI vastu meM 'samaya' kI AropaNA krnaa| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 101

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3. dravya samaya - sacitta yA acitta dravya kA svbhaav-gunndhrm| jaisejIva dravya kA upayoga, dharmAstikAya kA gati svabhAva / athavA - jisa dravya kA varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza ke mAdhyama se jo svabhAva abhivyakta hotA hai, vaha 'dravya-samaya' kahalAtA hai| jaise- (ka) varNa se bhramara kAlA hai, haldI pIlI hai, candra zveta hai| (kha) gandha se- candana sugandhayukta hai, lahasuna durgandhayukta hai| (ga) rasa se- nIma tikta hai, guDa mIThA hai, nIMbU khaTTA hai| (gha) sparza se- pASANa karkaza hai, bhArI hai, pakSI kI pA~kha halkI hai, barpha ThaNDA aura Aga garama hai| athavAjisa dravya kA jo upayoga-kAla hai vaha bhI 'dravya samaya' kahalAtA hai| jaisedUdha ke uSNa-anuSNa ke AdhAra para usakA upayoga karanA / varSA Rtu meM lavaNa, zarada Rtu meM jala, hemanta meM gAya kA dUdha, zizira meM A~vale kA rasa, vasanta meM ghRta, grISma meM guDa- ye sAre amRta-tulya hote hai|' 4. kSetra samaya - (ka) AkAza kA svbhaav| (kha) grAma, nagara Adi kA svbhaav| (ga) devakurU Adi kSetroM kA svabhAva-prabhAva, jaise- vahA~ ke sabhI prANI sundara, sadA sukhI aura vaira rahita hote hai| athavA- kSetra Adi ko saMvArane kA smy| athavA- Urdhva, adho aura tiryakloka kA svbhaav| 5. kAla samaya - kAla meM hone vAlA svabhAva / jaise- suSamA Adi kAla meM dravyoM kA hone vAlA svabhAva / 6. kutIrtha samaya - anya tIrthakoM kI dhArmika maanytaa| jaise- kucha dArzanika hiMsA meM, to kucha snAna, upavAsa, vanavAsa meM hI dharma mAnate hai| 7. saMgAra samaya - saMketa kA smy| jaise- pUrvakRta saMketAnusAra siddhArtha nAmaka sArathi ne baladeva ko sambodhita kiyA thaa| 8. kula samaya - kula kA dharma- AcAra-vyavahAra / jaise- zaka jAtivAloM ke liye pitRzuddhi, AbhIrakoM ke lie manthanI shuddhi| 9. gaNa samaya - gaNa kI AcAra vyvsthaa| 10. saMkara samaya - bhinna-bhinna jAtivAloM kA samAgama aura unakI ekvaakytaa| 11. gaNDI samaya - upAsanApaddhati / jaise- bhikSu ko prAta: pejjAgaMDI, 102 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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madhyAha meM bhAvaNa gaNDI, aparAhna meM dharmakathA tathA sandhyA meM samiti kA AcaraNa krnaa| vRttikAra ne bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM kI prathA ko gaMDI samaya mAnA hai| jaisezAkyabhikSu bhojana ke samaya gaMDI kA tADana karate hai| 12. bhAva samaya - yaha adhyayana jo kSayopazama bhAva kA udbodhaka hai| niyukti ke anusAra ina nikSepoM meM se mAtra bhAva samaya hI prastuta adhyayana meM upAdeya hai, anya sabhI mAtra jJeya hai| prastuta adhyayana 4 uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai, jisameM 88 gAthAe~ nibaddha hai| ina samasta gAthAoM meM svapara mata, svapara darzana, svapara siddhAnta tathA svapara AcAra kA vistRta prarupaNa kiyA gayA hai| ____prathama uddezaka meM 27 gAthAe~ hai| prArambha kI 6 gAthAoM meM bandha tathA mokSa kA svarUpa samajhAte huye zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bandhana se mukta hone kA upAya bhI batAyA hai| karma bandhana ke mukhya hetu hai - mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya tathA yoga athavA parigraha aura Arambha aadi| madhya kI gAthA catuSka meM sacitta tathA acitta donoM hI prakAra ke parigraha se mukta hone kA sandeza diyA gayA hai| parigraha se mamattva tathA Asakti bar3hatI hai| isI Asakti ke vazIbhUta huA jIvAtmA prANiyoM kA vadha karatA hai tathA zatrutA kA sarjana kara dukha pAtA huA anaMta saMsAra bar3hAtA hai| jo bAhya tathA Abhyantara donoM parigraha se mukta hotA hai, vaha jIva samasta karma bandhanoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| chaThI gAthA meM "ee gaMthe viukkamma" pada dvArA parasamaya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| jo zramaNa (zAkyabhikSu) tathA mAhaNa (lokAyatika) mithyA abhiniveza yA AgrahapUrvaka apane siddhAntoM se cipake hue haiM, ve svacchanda hokara kAmabhogoM kA sevana karate huye mithyAtva, avirati Adi hetuoM ke dvArA sadaiva karma baMdhana karate hai| 7 se 27 taka kI 20 gAthAoM meM vibhinna vAdoM ke varNana ke sAtha prathama uddezaka samApta ho jAtA hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM 30 gAthAe~ hai, jisameM bhI kucha vAdoM kA varNana tathA paravAdI mata kA nirasana pAyA jAtA hai| tRtIya uddezaka kA prArambha zramaNa kI AhAra vidhi se hotA hai ki sAdhu kaisA AhAra grahaNa kareM, jisase usake AcAra meM nirmalatA tathA pavitratA sadaiva sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 103

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vardhamAna rhe| isake pazcAt vibhinna kRtavAdoM kA tathA svamata prazaMsakoM kA varNana karate huye zAstrakAra ne inheM prAvAdukoM ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai| __ caturtha uddezaka meM paravAdiyoM kI asaMyamI gRhasthoM ke AcAra ke sAtha samAnatA batAte huye anta meM aviratirUpa karmabandhana se bacane ke liye ahiMsA, samatA Adi svasamaya (siddhAnta) kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai|' isa adhyayana meM varNita vibhinna vAda saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai - 1. paMcamahAbhUtavAda - isa vAda ke anusAra pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu tathA AkAza ina pA~coM ke saMyoga se jIvAtmA kI utpatti tathA ina pA~coM ke vinAza se jIva kA vinAza ho jAtA hai| 2. ekAtmavAda - ke anusAra jaise eka hI pRthvIpiNDa nAnArUpoM meM dikhAI detA hai, usI prakAra eka hI AtmA nAnArUpoM meM dikhAyI detA hai, parantu vaha AtmA eka hI hai| ___ 3. tajjIva-taccharIravAda - vahI jIva hai aura vahI zarIra hai arthAt zarIra hI jIva hai| isase bhinna kisI Atmatattva kA astitva nahIM hai| 4. akArakavAda - ke anusAra AtmA karmoM kA akartA hone para bhI bhoktA hai| isa mata meM AtmA na svayaM kisI kriyA ko svatantra karatA hai, na karavAtA hai| isa prakAra vaha akAraka hai| 5. AtmaSaSThavAda - isa jagata meM acetana paMcamahAbhUta tathA sacetana chaThA AtmA hai| isa mata meM loka tathA AtmA ko zAzvata tathA nitya mAnA gayA hai| tathA pUrvokta padArtha sahetuka aura ahetuka donoM prakAra se kabhI vinaSTa nahIM hote| tathA asat kI kabhI utpatti nahIM va sat kA kabhI vinAza bhI nahIM hotaa| 6. kSaNikavAda - yaha mata do rUpoM meM pratipAdita hai| prathama prakAra ke matavAdI kSaNamAtra sthira rahane vAle rUpa-vedanA-saMjJA-saMskAra tathA vijJAna rUpa 5 skandha mAnate hai| inase bhinna-abhinna. sakha-da:kha, icchA-dveSa va jJAnAdi ke AdhArabhUta AtmA nAma kA koI padArtha nahIM mAnate hai| jabaki dvitIya matavAdiyoM ke anusAra pRthvI, apa, teja tathA vAyu ye cAroM dhAtu jagata kA dhAraNa poSaNa karate hai| ye jaba ekAkAra hokara bhUtasaMjJaka rUpa skandha bana jAte hai, taba inakI jIva saMjJA hotI hai| antima gAthAoM meM sAMkhyAdi mata kI nissAratA batAte huye zAstrakAra kahate hai paMcabhUtAtmavAdI se lekara cAturdhAtuvAdI paryanta sabhI darzana apane mata 104 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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se baddha hokara du:khoM se mukti kA AzvAsana dete hai| parantu jo svayaM hiMsA, jhUTha, corI tathA prapaMca meM race-pace hai, ve dUsaroM kI mukti kaise dilA sakate hai ? 7. niyativAda - dvitIya uddezaka kA prArambha niyativAda se hI hotA hai| isa vAda ke anusAra niyati hI samasta jAgatika padArthoM kA kAraNa hai| .. 8. ajJAnavAda - yahA~ do prakAra ke ajJAnavAdiyoM kA nirUpaNa hai| eka to ve hai, jo thor3A-sA jJAna pAkara garvonmata bana jAte hai ki ve hI sarvajJa hai jabaki unakA jJAna mAtra pallavagrAhI hotA hai| dUsare ve hai, jo ajJAna ko hI zreyaskara mAnate hai, kyoMki unake anusAra jJAna na hone para vAda-vivAda, saMgharSa, kalaha Adi prapaMca se mukta rahane para mana kaSAyI nahIM bnegaa| 9. karmopacaya niSedhavAda - ina ekAnta kriyAvAdiyoM ke anusAra koI bhI kriyA, bhale hI usameM hiMsAdi ho parantu yadi vaha cittazuddhi pUrvaka sampAdita hotI hai, to karmabaMdha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra kI karma cintA se dUra rahane vAloM ko ekAnta kriyAvAdI kahA gayA hai, jo bauddhoM kA mata hai| ___10. jagatkartRtvavAda - isakI carcA tRtIya uddezaka meM kI gayI hai| jagat kI racanA ke viSaya meM ajJAnavAdiyoM ke pramukha 7 matoM kA nirUpaNa hai, jinake anusAra jagat deva, brahmA, Izvara, prakRti, svayaMbhU, yamarAja dvArA kRta hai yA aNDe se utpanna huA hai| 11. avatAravAda - dharma kA hrAsa tathA adharma kA abhyutthAna hone para mukta-zuddha AtmA kA krIr3A tathA pradoSa ke kAraNa puna: saMsAra meM avatarita honaa| yahA~ AtmA dharmazAsana kI puna: pratiSThA karane ke liye rajoguNa yukta hokara avatAra letA hai| sva-sva pravAda prazaMsA evaM siddhi kA dAvA zAstrakAra ne ina pRthak-pRthak matavAdiyoM ko prAvAduka kahA hai, jo mAtra apane hI mata kI prazaMsA karate huye nirogatA tathA siddhi dene kA dAvA karate hai| inakA mata kArya-kAraNa vihIna tathA yukti rahita hone para bhI ye ise zreSTha batAkara jagat ko bhramita karate hai| paramata nirasana pUrvokta vibhinna vAdoM, ekAnta darzanoM tathA dRSTiyoM ko satya mAnate hue sukhazIlatA meM Asakta hokara apane-2 darzana ko hI zreSTha tathA apanA zaraNa (rakSaka) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 105

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mAnane vAle kI bhartsanA karate huye zAstrakAra kahate hai ki jisa prakAra janmAdha vyakti nAnA chidroM vAlI naukA meM savAra hokara pAra honA cAhate huye bhI pAra na hokara bIca meM hI DUba jAtA hai, usI prakAra ye mithyAdRSTi, ajJAnI zramaNa saMsAra sAgara pAra karanA cAhate huye bhI mithyAbhiniveza se bAra-bAra saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate rahate hai| AdhAkarmadoSa tRtIya uddezaka ke prArambha meM muni kI AhAracaryA kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| AhAra zuddhi para jora dete hue zAstrakAra kahate hai ki agara sAdhu ke AhAra meM eka bhI kaNa AdhAkarmI AhAra kA mila jAye to vaha AhAra dUSita, mizrita tathA apavitra kahA jAyegA / yadi AhAra dUSita hogA to vicAra, saMskAra tathA anta:karaNa ke dUSita hone kI prabala sambhAvanA rhegii| yadi AdhAkarma doSa se dUSita AhAra sAdhu grahaNa karegA to vaha gAr3ha karma-bandhana ke phalasvarUpa naraka, tiryaMca Adi durgatiyoM meM duHkha ko bhogegA / usakI durdazA usa vaizAlika matsya jaisI hogI, jo bAr3ha ke jala ke prabhAva se sUkhe tathA gIle sthAna para pahu~cakara mAMsArthI DaMka (cIla) tathA kaMka (giddha ) Adi se satAyA jAtA hai / munidharmopadeza yahA~ zAstrakAra ne muniyoM ko sambodhita karate hue kahA hai ki anyatIrthI sAdhu kAma-krodhAdi tathA Arambha - parigraha Adi se parAjita hone ke kAraNa zaraNa yogya nahIM hai, kyoMki pUrva saMyoga (gRhastha ke bandhu - bA~dhava) se mukta hone para bhI ve anya parigraha Adi se Asakta hai| vidvAna muni unake matavAdoM ko jAnakara unameM Asakta na bne| ina parigrahI tathA mahArambhIyoM ko chor3akara mokSArthI muni aparigrahI tathA anArambhI nirgrantha bhikSu kI zaraNa meM jAye tathA AhAra saMbaMdhI gaveSaNA, grahaNaiSaNA tathA grAsaiSaNA anAsakta, gRddhirahita hokara tathA mAnApamAna ke bhAva se mukta hokara kare / lokavAdI mAnyatA tathA usakA khaNDana lokavAdiyoM kI mAnyatA hai ki loka ananta, nitya, avinAzI tathA zAzvata hai / sa sadaiva sa ke rUpa meM tathA sthAvara sadaiva sthAvara ke rUpa meM hI utpanna hotA hai| puruSa mRtyu pazcAt puruSa tathA strI mRtyu pazcAt strI hI rahatI hai| isakA 106 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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khaNDana zAstrakAra ne kiyA hai ki yadi loka kUTastha nitya hai, to jar3a-cetana meM jo pratikSaNa parivartana najara AtA hai, vaha pratyakSa virUddha hai| isa jagata meM aisA koI padArtha nahIM jo sadaiva eka hI rUpa meM vidyamAna rhe| pratyeka vastu kA paryAya rUpa se sadaiva utpAda tathA vyaya hotA rahatA hai| dUsarI mAnyatA bhI ayukta hai| yadi jo jaisA hai, vaha usI rUpa meM utpanna ho to isa jagata meM avyavasthAe~ tathA kukarma phaila jaayeNge| dAna-dayA-japa-tapayama-niyama Adi anuSThAnoM kA koI artha hI na hogaa| ahiMsAdharma nirUpaNa lokavAda kI mAnyatA se bhramita zramaNa ahiMsA se virata na ho jAye etadartha yahA~ ahiMsA dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai ki - isa dRzyamAna trasa-sthAvara jIva rUpa jagata kI mana-vacana-kAya rUpa pravRttiyA~ tathA bAlya-yauvana-vRddhatva Adi avasthAe~ sthUla hai tathA samasta jIva viparyaya (paryAya) ko prApta hote hai| sabhI jIvoM ko duHkha akAnta (apriya) hai, ata: kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM karanI caahiye| cAritra zuddhi ke liye upadeza prathama adhyayana kA upasaMhAra karate huye muni ko cAritra zuddhi kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| ahiMsA viSayaka gAthAoM ko chor3akara sampUrNa adhyayana meM jJAna tathA darzana kI vizuddhi kA prarUpaNa hai| isameM cAritra zuddhi kA upadeza hai, jo muni ke liye anivArya hai| kyoMki jJAna, darzana tathA cAritra isa ratnatrayI kA sammilita pariNAma hI mokSa hai| muni kI cAritra zuddhi ke liye isa gAthAtrayI meM daza vivekasUtroM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - 1. sAdhu dazavidha samAcArI meM sthita raheM / / 2. AhAra meM gRddha na bne| 3. jJAna-darzana- cAritra kI samyak ArAdhanA kre| 4. calane-phirane-sone, gamanAgamana, zayanAsana Adi ke sambandha meM sadaiva upayoga rkhe| iryA samiti, AdAnanikSepaNa samiti tathA eSaNA samiti, ina tInoM sthAnoM meM satata saceta raheM / 6. krodha-mAna-mAyA-lobha ina cAroM kaSAyoM kA parityAga kareM / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 107

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. hai| 7. 8. sadA pAMca samitiyoM se yukta hokara raheM / paMcamahAvrata rupa pAMca saMvara se saMvRtta raheM / gRhapAzabaddha gRhasthoM meM Asakta na ho / 10. mokSa prApti paryanta saMyama meM udyama kareM / 9. sandarbha evaM TippaNI - (ka) pAiasaddamahaNNavo pR. (kha) zabdaratnamahodadhi - pR. (ga) abhidhAna rAjendrakoSa (gha) jainendra siddhAntakoSa sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 19 vahI - - * - 866 2009 bhAga-7, pR. 417 bhAga - 4, pR. 328 29 - sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 11 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 30-32 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 11 - 12 19-20 10-11 2. vaitAlIya adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke (pra. zru.) dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma 'vaitAlIya' yA 'vaitAlika' niyuktikAra ke anusAra isakA nirUktagata nAma 'vaidArika' tathA chandagata nAma 'vaitAlIya' hai| prastuta adhyayana vaitAlIya chanda meM racita hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma vaitAlIya hai| karmoM ke vidAraNa kA nirUpaNa hone se isakA dUsarA nAma vaidArika hai|' 'vi' upasargapUrvaka 'dR' - vidAraNe' dhAtu se kriyAvAcaka vidAraNa (naSTa) karane ke artha meM vidAra zabda banatA hai| 'vidAraka' yaha kriyApadavAcaka nAma hai / kriyApada ke sarvatra tIna ghaTaka hote hai- kartA, karaNa tathA karma / isake AdhAra para vidAra ke tIna ghaTaka banate hai - 1. vidAraka - kASTha vidAraNa karane vAlA / 2. vidAraNa kASTha vidAraNa kA sAdhana / 108 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana .

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3. vidAraNIya - vidAraNa karane yogya kASTha | niyuktikAra ke anusAra ina tInoM ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya tathA bhAva ye cAra-cAra nikSepa hai| nAma - sthApanA sugama hai / dravya vidAraka vaha hai, jo kASTha Adi kA vidAraNa karatA hai| bhAva vidAraka vaha hai, jo jIva jJAnAvaraNIyAdi aSTa karmoM kA vidAraNa karatA hai| dravya vidAraNa hai parazu Adi sAdhana / bhAva vidAraNa darzana, jJAna, tapa tathA saMyama hai, kyoMki inameM hI karma vidAraNa kA sAmarthya hai| - dravya vidAraNIya kASTha Adi hai / bhAva vidAraNIya ATha prakAra ke karma hai / cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne bhI isa adhyayana kA artha vaitAlIya tathA vaidArika ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| vidAra kA artha hai 'vinAza' / yahA~ rAga-dveSa rUpa saMskAroM kA vinAza vivakSita hai| jisa adhyayana meM rAga-dveSa ke vidAra kA varNana ho, usakA nAma bhI vaidArika hai| karma vidAraNa ke AdhAra para isako vaidArika mAnanA kevala kAlpanika pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki anya adhyayana bhI karmavidAraNa meM nimittabhUta banate hai / isa dRSTi se isakA 'vaitAlIya' nAma chanda racanA kI apekSA se adhika upayukta pratIta hotA hai| isa adhyayana kI pRSThabhUmi kI carcA karate hue niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra kahate hai - 3 'jaba bhagavAn RSabha aSTApada parvata para avasthita the, taba bharata cakrIzvara dvArA upahata aTThAnave putra RSabha ke pAsa Akara bole - 'bhante ! bharata hameM AjJA mAnane ke liye bAdhya kara rahA hai| parantu hamArA svAbhimAna usakI adhInatA svIkArane kI AjJA nahIM detaa| Apa hamArA mArgadarzana kareM / ' bhagavAna ne aMgAradAhaka ke dRSTAnta ke dvArA unheM samajhAyA ki bhogecchA kabhI zAnta nahIM hotI / agni meM ghRta DAlane kI bhA~ti aura adhika hI bar3hatI hai| tathA isa artha ke pratipAdaka prastuta adhyayana ko sunAyA / viSayoM ke kaTuvipAka tathA niHsAratA ko sunakara unmatta hAthI ke karNa kI bhA~ti capala Ayu tathA parvatIya nadI ke vega kI taraha yauvana ko asthira jAnakara, bhagavad AjJA hI zreyaskarI hai, aisI avadhAraNA kara ve sabhI putra bhagavAn ke pAsa pravrajita ho gaye / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 109

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prastuta adhyayana meM tIna uddezaka tathA 76 zloka hai - prathama uddezaka meM 22, dUsare meM 32 tathA tIsare meM 22 zloka hai / niyuktikAra ke anusAra ina tIna uddezakoM kA pratipAdya (arthAdhikAra) isa prakAra hai- 1 4 prathama uddezaka - hita-ahita, heyopAdeya kA bodha tathA anityatA kI anubhUti kA pratipAdana / dvitIya uddezaka - ahaMkAra varjana ke upAyoM kA nirdeza tathA indriya-viSayoM kI anityatA kA pratipAdana / tRtIya uddezaka - ajJAna dvArA upacita karmoM ke nAza ke upAyoM kA pratipAdana, Arambha tathA pApAsakta prANiyoM kI manodazA kA varNana tathA yatijanoM ke lie sadA sukha-pramAda ke varjana kA pratipAdana | bharata ke dvArA pIr3ita apane sAMsArika putroM ko bhagavAn RSabha ne jo saMbodha diyA, zAstrakAra use prathama gAthA se hI prastuta karate hai -saMbujjhaha ! kiM na bujjhaha / ' arthAt he bhavya ! tuma saMbodhi ko prApta kro| tuma bodha ko kyoM nahIM prApta karate ho ? yahA~ bodha kA tAtparya samyagjJAna - darzana - cAritra rUpa ratnatrayI se hai| kyoMki yahI uttama bodha aura utkRSTa dharma hai / Arya deza, karmabhUmi, uttama kula, svastha zarIra, tejasvI indriyA~, prakhara buddhi saba kucha milane ke bAda bhI 'saMbohi khalu peccahA' arthAt bodhi prApta honA durlabha hai| isa jIvana kA kSaya (maraNa) bhI nizcita hai / jo vyakti mAtA-pitA Adi ke moha meM andha banatA hai, vaha apanA jIvana hAra jAtA hai aura paraloka meM bhI use saMbodhi prApta nahIM hotI / saMbodhi ke do rUpa hai, eka dravya saMbodhi aura dUsarI bhAva saMbodhi / dravya nidrA se jAganA dravya saMbodhi hai, parantu bhAva nidrA arthAt jJAna-darzana-cAritra kI zUnyatA yA pramAda se jAganA bhAva saMbodhi hai| jo sAdhaka bhAva saMbodhi ko prApta hotA hai, vahI saMsAra kI anityatA kA darzana kara pAtA hai / sUtrakAra yahA~ eka sundara upamA dvArA jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA pratipAdana karate hai ki jisa prakAra baMdha se chuTA huA tAlaphala jamIna para gira jAtA hai, usI prakAra kAmabhogoM meM Asakta deva, asura, gandharva tathA rAjA, seTha, sAhUkAra Adi manuSya evaM samasta tiryaMca bhI AyuSya rUpI Dora ke TUTane para na cAhate huye bhI du:khI mana se maraNa ko prApta ho jAte hai, ata: sAdhaka pratyeka kadama para jAgRta rhe| 110 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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isI krama meM karma vipAka kI bhI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / jo zramaNa bahuzruta (zAstroM meM pAraMgata) hone para bhI yadi pracchanna mAyAcAra meM rata hai aura mAtra mokSa kA bhASaNa karatA hai, vaha dharma kriyAoM se yukta hone para bhI dAmbhika hai, jo karmamukta hone ke badale aura adhika ghora karma bandhana karatA hai tathA karmoM se pIr3ita hotA hai| sAdhaka aise anyatIrthika mAyAcAriyoM kA Azraya lekara loka-paraloka ko nahIM jAna sakatA, kyoMki jo vyakti mAyA, kapaTa, dambha tathA kaSAyoM se yukta hai, vaha nirvastra, niSkiJcana, paMcAgni - tapa se kRza zarIra vAlA, dIrgha tapasvI hone para bhI ananta kAla taka saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| ata: sAdhaka niHzalya banakara samasta anukUla-pratikUla upasargoM aura parISahoM kA jetA bane / isa uddezaka kA upasaMhAra karate huye jo upadeza diyA gayA hai, vaha sAdhutva meM pUrNa dRr3ha tathA acala rahane ke liye atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| mAtA, pitA, putra, strI Adi pArivArikajanoM ke dIna, karUNavacana tathA kAmabhogoM kA pralobhana use vicalita kara sakatA hai| paraMtu sAdhu svajanoM kI prArthanA sunakara Dige nhiiN| mArapITa Adi se bhayAkrAnta na bne| balki pratyeka sthiti meM vaha apane AcAra-vicAra meM parama parAkrama dikhAyeM / isa prakAra kA vIra sAdhaka hI karmoM kA vidAraNa kara mokSarUpI mahApatha ko prApta karatA hai / se dvitIya uddezaka ke prArambha meM mada tyAga kA upadeza hai| jo aSTavidha mada 'mukta hai, vahI saccA sAdhaka hai| jisa prakAra takSaka (sarpa) keMculI kA tyAga karatA hai, usI prakAra sAdhaka zramaNa gotra, kula Adi kA tyAga kre| isa dRSTAnta ke dvArA jo upadeza diyA gayA hai, vahI sAdhu jIvana kA lakSya evaM sAra hai| gRhastha jIvana ke aizvarya, rAjasukha, kula, jAti Adi kA parityAga kara dene para bhI sAdhu ucca kulavAna, jAtivAna, zaktimAn, rUpavAna hone ke sUkSma abhimAna se mukta nahIM ho pAtA / isa abhimAna ke vazIbhUta huA vaha anyoM kI nindA bhI kara DAlatA hai| prArambhika gAthAtrayI meM yahI upadeza saMkalita hai ki sAdhu madAndha hokara azreyaskAriNI nindA (ikSiNI) na kare / tRtIya gAthA meM eka bAta viziSTa hai ki gRhastha rahe prabhutA ke bhAvoM ko RjutA tathA laghutA meM kaise pariNata kare / jaise kisI ke ghara meM dAsa kA jIvana vyatIta karane vAlA saMyoga se pUrva meM dIkSita ho jAye tathA usI ghara kA nAyaka (mukhiyA) pazcAt saMyamI bane to vaha nAyaka apane uccakula tathA jAti kA mada na karate huye vinayapUrvaka, binA lajjA ke sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 111

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bhUtapUrva dAsa rahe vartamAna muni ko vandanA kare tathA vaha muni bhI apane usa atIta ke nAyaka kI vandanA svIkAra karane meM lajjA yA hInatA kA bhAva na rkhe| kyoMki yahA~ na koI dAsa hai, na koI svAmI hai, na koI ucca hai, na koI nIca hai| jo munipada meM sthita hai, ve sabhI mada tyAgI hai, samatA ke ArAdhaka hai tathA apane se saMyama paryAya meM laghu muni dvArA pUjanIya hai| isaliye sAdhu madatyAgI bana utkarSa yA apakarSa donoM hI sthitiyoM se uparata rahatA huA apane AcAra-vicAra meM sadaiva jAgRta rhe| mada tyAga ke pazcAt muni samatva meM sthita kaise rahe, isakA bhI yahA~ rocaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAdhu jaba taka mada-mAna se mukta na hogA, taba taka sAdhutva yA samatA ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA kyoMki ye donoM hI eka-dUsare ke virodhI tathya hai| mada kA abhAva hI samatA kA sadbhAva hai| aura samatA hI sAdhu kA svabhAva hai| svabhAva meM sthita zramaNa sadaiva 'samiyAdhammamudAhare' (gAthA-6) apanI indriyoM tathA kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karatA huA samatA dharma kA hI upadeza detA hai| isa prakAra zAstrakAra yahA~ kramaza: jo municaryA ko prastuta kara rahe hai, vaha eka prakAra se manovaijJAnika bhI hai, kyoMki isakI kramabaddhatA meM vyakti ke mAnasika bhAvoM kA Akalana hai| jo madatyAgI hotA hai, vahI samatA kA ArAdhaka hotA hai aura jo samabhAvoM kA sAdhaka hotA hai, vahI ahiMsA, aparigraha Adi guNoM kA dhAraka hotA hai| isa uddezaka meM parigraha tyAga kI preraNA bhI itanI hI hRdayasparzI hai| dharma kA pAragAmI muni bAhya tathA Abhyantara evaM sajIva tathA nirjIva donoM prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAgI hotA hai| vaha atiparicaya rUpa parigopa se pUrNata: asaMspRSTa rahatA hai kyoMki yaha parigopa (kIcar3a) 'suhu meM salle durUddhare' arthAt itanA sUkSma tathA duruddhara zalya hai, jisameM pha~sa yA pha~sa jAne para pAra pAnA bahuta muzkila hai| ata: sAdhU atiparicaya rUpa kIcar3a meM na pha~sakara ekAkI, nirbaMdha aura nirAbAdha hokara vicaraNa kre| jahA~ bhI sUryAsta ho, akSobha tathA upasargoM se abhaya hokara zUnya gRhoM meM nivAsa kre| yahA~ ekala bihArI muni kI caryA kA atyanta kaThora varNana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya uddezaka saMyama kI mahimA se maNDita hai| jisa bhikSu ne ajJAna avasthA meM karmoM kA baMdha kiyA hai, vaha saMyama ke dvArA kSINa karake parama pada mokSa ko prApta hotA hai tathA jo sAdhaka kAma va kAminI kI abhilASA se mukta hai, 112 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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vahI vAstavika artha meM saMyamI hai| jisa prakAra vaNikoM, vyApAriyoM dvArA sudUra pradezoM se lAI anamola vastuoM ko rAjA-mahArAjA grahaNa karate hai, ThIka usI prakAra ye zramaNa bhI AcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita rAtribhojanasahita paMca mahAvratoM ko svIkAra karate hai| ___ 'je viNNavaNAhi'jhosiyA, saMtiNNehi samaM viyAhiyA' jo sAdhaka prArthanA (vijJApanA) karane vAlI kAminiyoM ke saMsarga se mukta hai, ve sAdhaka saMsAra meM hote huye bhI mukta hI jAnanA caahiye| isa paMkti se yaha artha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kAma meM Asakta jIvAtmA saMsAra hI nahIM bar3hAtA apitu AtmA ko narakAdi gatiyoM ke bhayaMkara du:kha svarUpa mahAsAgara meM dhakela detA hai| kAma vijetA zramaNa sadaiva apanI urdhvadRSTi se AtmA ko urdhvadizA kI ora le jAtA hai| isa uddezaka meM samyakdarzana ke sAdhaka bAdhaka pramANoM kI vivecanA bhI kI gayI hai| asarvajJadarzI sarvajJa puruSa ke kathana meM dRr3ha zraddhAna karatA huA AyatulaM pANehi saMjae' samasta prANiyoM ko Atmatulya mAnatA hai| jaina darzana kA yaha sUtra vartamAna ke pariprekSya meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| vartamAna meM jo azAnti, kleza, hiMsA kA bolabAlA hai, yadi vyakti isa sUtra se samasta prANiyoM ko dekhe, to na vaha kisI ko pIr3A pahu~cA sakatA hai, na kisI ke prANoM kA ghAta kara sakatA hai| AtmatulA se saMcAlita jIvana se sva-para kA bhedabhAva, svajIvana moha, svasukha meM Asakti, paraduHkha tatparatA ye samasta viSama bhAva svata: tirohita ho jaayeNge| kyoMki AtmadRSTA samasta prANiyoM meM apanI hI AtmA kA darzana kregaa| ye bhAva jyoM-jyoM dRr3ha tathA dhanIbhUta hote jAyeMge, tyoM-tyoM AtmA svata: hiMsA, corI Adi durguNoM se uparata hotA huA apanI hI zaraNa meM calA jaayegaa| mithyAdRSTi ajJAnI jIva jahA~ dhana, sampatti tathA svajanoM ko zaraNabhUta mAnakara du:kha pAtA hai, vahI samyagdRSTi 'vidu maMtA saraNaM na mannatI' una sabako zaraNa yogya nahIM mAnatA hai, kyoMki jo svayaM caMcala, vinazvara tathA kSaNabhaMgura hai, vaha lakSmI athavA zarIra kisI ke liye trANa rUpa kaise ho sakate hai ? svajana na to Adhi, vyAdhi tathA upAdhi se mukta kara sakate hai, na janma, jarA, mRtyu ke duHkha se chuTakArA dilA sakate hai| ata: isa saMsAra meM koI kisI kA saMrakSaka yA trAtA nahIM hai| eka mAtra vItarAga sarvajJa kathita dharma hI zaraNa rUpa hai| prastuta uddezaka ke sAtha adhyayana kI samApti karate hae zAstrakAra gambhIra cetAvanI dete hai ki yahI avasara hai bodha-prApti kaa| AtmadRSTA muni eka pala sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 113

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kA bhI pramAda na karate hue isa janma meM sAyAsa saMbodha ko prApta jAye kyoMki anya gatiyoM meM atisukha athavA atidu:kha rUpI sthitiyA~ hone se bodhi prApta karanA atyanta durlabha hai| jo hAtha meM Aye avasara ko kho detA hai, vaha saMsAra rUpI mahAsAgara meM anantakAla taka bhaTakatA rahatA hai| ___ yaha upadeza bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne apane 98 putroM ko jAgRta karane ke liye diyA thA aura yahI upadeza jJAtaputra mahAvIra ne bhI diyA hai| isa prakAra ke vacana sudharmagaNadhara apane ziSya jambU se kahate hai| ___isa prakAra isa vaitAliya adhyayana ke parizIlana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki isameM mukhya rUpa se zramaNadharma ko hI iMgita karate huye upadeza diyA gayA hai| bhagavAna dvArA 98 putroM ko diyA gayA saMbodha samasta prANiyoM kI bhAva nidrA ko tor3ane meM pUrNa sakSama hai| isameM nihita bhAva zAzvata hai, jo sarvakAla meM sarva tIrthaMkaroM dvArA prarUpita kiye gaye hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 38 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 53 (a) sUtraMkRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 36/37 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 53 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 39 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 54 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 40-41 ____ 3. upasarga parijJA adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (pra. zru.) ke tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma upasarga parijJA hai| upasarga kA svarUpa niyuktikAra isa prakAra batAte hai - 1 'AgaMtugo ya pIlAgaro ya jo so uvsggo|' arthAt jo kisI deva, manuSya yA tiryaMca Adi anya padArthoM dvArA AtA hai aura deha athavA saMyama ko pIr3ita karatA hai, vaha upasarga hai| isa paribhASA se spaSTa hai ki sAdhaka ke sAdhanA kAla meM manuSya, deva yA tiryaMcakRta vighnoM, kaSToM tathA bAdhAoM ko upasarga kahA jAtA hai| 114 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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parijJA arthAt isakA yathAtathya jnyaan| sAdhaka jJa parijJA dvArA samyaktayA jAnakara pratyAkhyAna parijJA dvArA unakA dhIraja tathA samatApUrvaka pratikAra kre| niyuktikAra ne upasarga zabda ke 6 nikSepa kiye hai - nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhaav| 1. nAma upasarga - kisI kA guNazUnya upasarga nAma rakhanA nAma upasarga hai| 2. sthApanA upasarga - upasarga sahana karane vAle kI yA sahana karate samaya kI avasthA kA citraNa karanA yA koI pratIka rakhanA sthApanA upasarga hai| 3. dravya upasarga - upasarga kartA dravya upasarga hai| yaha do prakAra kA hai cetanadravyakRta - acetanadravyakRta / manuSya, deva yA tiryaMca Adi sacetana prANI zarIra ke aMgoM kA ghAta karake jo pIr3A dete hai, vaha cetana-dravyakRta upasarga hai| lakar3I Adi acitta dravyoM dvArA kiyA gayA ghAta acetana-dravyakRta upasarga hai| 4. kSetra upasarga - jisa kSetra meM sAmAnyata: aneka bhayasthAna hote hai, (jaise - krUra, hiMsaka jIva, cora Adi tathA lADha Adi deza ke kSetra)vaha kSetropasarga hai| 5. kAla upasarga - jisa kAla meM ekAnta du:kha hI hotA hai, vaha duHSama Adi kAla kAlopasarga hai tathA jo zIta, grISma Adi apane-apane kAla meM jo du:kha utpanna karate hai, vaha bhI kAlopasarga hai| 6. bhAva upasarga - jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmoM kA udaya bhAva upasarga hai| yaha upasarga audhika tathA aupakramika bheda se do prakAra kA hai| azubha karma prakRti se utpanna bhAvopasarga aughika bhAva upasarga hai tathA daNDa, cAbuka Adi zastra dvArA azAtAvedanIya kA udaya honA aupakramika bhAva upasarga hai| aupakramika zabda 'upakrama' se hI nirmita hai, jisakA artha hai - jo karma udaya prApta nahIM hai, unakA udaya honaa| ata: aupakramika upasarga kA artha hai - jisa dravya kA upayoga karane se azAtAvedanIyAdi azubha karmoM kA udaya hotA hai, jisase alpa satvavAna sAdhaka ke saMyama meM vighAta yA vighna utpanna hotA hai, usa dravya se utpanna bAdhA ko aupakramika upasarga kahate hai| isa adhyayana meM saMyamavighAtakArI aupakramika upasarga hI vivakSita hai| yaha dravya se cAra prakAra kA hai - devakRta, manuSyakRta, tiryaMcakRta tathA aatmsNvednkRt| inameM se pratyeka ke cAra-cAra bheda hone se kula 16 prakAra kA hai yathA - 1. devakRta upasarga - hAsya se, dveSa se, parIkSA yA anya kAraNoM se| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 115

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2. manuSyakRta upasarga - hAsya, dveSa, parIkSA yA kuzIla sevana ke nimitta se| 3. tiryaMcakRta upasarga - bhaya, dveSa, AhAra tathA santAna Adi kI rakSA ke nimitta se| ___4. AtmasaMvedanakRta upasarga - aMgoM ke paraspara ragar3ane se, a~gulI Adi avayavoM ke kaTa jAne athavA saTa jAne se, stambhana arthAt rakta saMcAra rUka jAne se, gira jAne se athavA vAta, pitta, kapha tathA inake vikAra samUha se utpannaye caturvidha upasarga bhI Atma saMvedanakRta upasarga kahalAte hai| devakRta Adi cAroM prakAra ke upasarga anukUla tathA pratikUla ke bheda se ATha prakAra ke hote hai| prastuta adhyayana ke cAra uddezaka hai| prathama uddezaka kI 17 gAthAoM meM pratikUla upasargoM kA varNana hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM svajana, baMdhu, bAMdhavakRta anukUla upasargoM kA vivecana hai| tRtIya uddezaka meM anyatIrthiyoM ke tIkSNa vacana se AtmA meM viSAda paidA karane vAle upasargoM kA nirUpaNa hai| tathA caturtha uddezaka meM hetu sadRza pratIta hone vAle hetvAbhAsoM meM vastu svarUpa ko viparIta rUpa meM grahaNa karane se jinakA citta vibhrAnta tathA mohita ho gayA hai, aise zIlaskhalita sAdhakoM ko svasiddhAnta, yuktisaMgata hetuoM dvArA yathArtha svarUpa kA bodha dekara ina upasargoM meM sthitaprajJa rahane kA upadeza hai| prathama uddezaka meM samasta pratikUla upasargoM kA varNana karate hue yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki sAdhanA ke patha para gatizIla sAdhaka kisa prakAra ina upasargoM kA vijetA bane / zAstrakAra prathama uddezaka ke prArambha meM hI udAharaNa dete huye yaha samajhAte hai ki navadIkSita sAdhu kisa prakAra se ina upasargoM se hAra jAtA hai| 'sUraM mannati appANaM jAva lUhaM na sevaI' sAdhaka apane Apako taba taka hI zUravIra mAnatA hai, jaba taka ki vaha lUhaM-(rUkSa-saMyama) niraticAra saMyamI jIvana kA AcaraNa nahIM krtaa| yahA~ vRttikAra ne saMyama ko rUkSa kahA hai, kyoMki yaha rAga tathA dveSa rUpI snigdhatA se rahita hai| zAstrakAra isa saTIka udAharaNa ke dvArA una sAdhuoM kI ora saMketa kara rahe hai, jo sAdhutva ke AcAra-vicAra tathA kaThora upasargoM ko sahane kI bAteM to karate hai, parantu samaya Ane para svayaM bhI una upasargoM ke tIkSNa prahAroM se usI prakAra khader3a diye jAte hai, jisa prakAra mahArathI kRSNa ne kAyara zizupAla ko khader3A thaa| Age kI gAthAoM meM kramaza: upasargoM kI bhayAnakatA kA mArmika varNana hai| 116 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kAyara tathA saMyama meM zithila, alpaparAkramI sAdhaka hemanta Rtu kI barphIlI, kaleje ko cIrane vAlI havAoM se usI prakAra Ahata ho jAtA hai, jaise rAjyavihina rAjA / isI prakAra grISma Rtu ke pracaNDa tApa meM vikSipta tathA khinna mAnasa vAlA hokara usI prakAra santApa karatA hai, jaise jalAzaya ke atyalpa jala meM tar3aphatI machaliyA~ santApa karatI hai| zIta tathA uSNa parISaha se parAjita sAdhaka yaha socakara ghora mAnasika kleza pAtA hai ki ghara-bAra, sukha, bhoga-upabhoga, strI, svajana Adi sabhI ko chor3akara maiM yahA~ asahya dArUNa kaSToM ko bhoga rahA huuN| __isI krama meM yAcanA se utpanna Akroza upasarga kA varNana hai| sAdhu sadaiva niravadya bhikSAcaryA dvArA apanA jIvana-yApana karatA hai| parantu abhimAnI, saMyama meM anyamanaska sAdhu ko pratyeka vastu kI yAcanA du:khadAyI lagatI hai| sAtha hI ajJAnI loga unheM bhikSArtha bhramaNa karate dekhakara yaha kahate hai ki 'kammatA dubbhagA' 'bicAre mA~ga-mA~ga kara peTa bharake apane pUrvakRta karmoM kA bojha utAra rahe hai', isa prakAra ke zabda use karNazUla kI taraha khaTakate hai tathA bhayaMkara Akroza bhI utpanna karate hai| usa samaya sAdhu kI mAnasika sthiti itanI khinna aura dayanIya hotI hai, jaise - saMgrAma sthala meM talavAroM ke calane yA zastrAzastroM ke uchalane para bhagaur3e sainikoM kI hotI hai| zAstrakAra ina parISahoM aura upasargoM kI vyAkhyA karate huye yaha batAte hai ki parAkramI muni iMTakara dhIraja tathA samatApUrvaka ina upasargoM kA sAmanA kre| jo muni ina parISahoM se hAra jAtA hai, vaha apanA jIvana bhI hAra jAtA hai| ata: ajJAnIjanoM ke vacana sunakara muni hIna bhAvanA se grasta na ho| DA~sa, macchara Adi tiryaMcakRta tathA tRNasparza kA parISaha bhI durbala manovRtti vAle sAdhu ko itanA vicalita kara detA hai ki 'na meM diThe pareloe' vaha paraloka kI mAnyatA se vimukha hokara sukumAra tathA asaMyamI jIvana meM hI Ananda aura sukha DhU~DhatA hai| saMyamI jIvana kA sabase duSkara parISaha hai- keza luMcana / indriyaviSayoM se parAjita muni kezaluMcana meM kadAcita vijaya prApta kara le, taba bhI brahmacarya pAlana meM asamartha muni apane jIvana meM usI prakAra kleza pAtA hai, jaise jAla meM pha~sI mchliyaaN| isa uddezaka kA upasaMhAra karate huye zAstrakAra kahate hai ki ye sAre parISaha 'kasiNAphAsApharUsAdUrahiyAsayA' kaThora evaM du:saha hai| inase vivaza hokara sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 117

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svecchAcArI, pauruSahIna, kAyara sAdhaka lAcAra hokara ghara kI aura vaise hI palAyana kara jAte hai, jaise (saMgrAma meM) bANoM se bIMdhA huA hAthI palAyana kara jAtA hai parantu jo parAkramI, dRr3ha manasvI zramaNa hote hai, ve kisI bhI sthiti se Ahata na hote huye sadaiva nirdvandra tathA nirbhaya hokara vicaraNa karate hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM anukUla upasargoM kA varNana pratipAdita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isameM svajanoM tathA baMdhu-bAMdhavoM ke dvArA karUNa-vilApa tathA bhoga-upabhoga kA nimantraNa dekara adUradarzI sAdhaka ko vicalita karane vAlI vikaTa sthitiyoM kA varNana kiyA hai| 'suhumA saMgA bhikkhUNaM je durUttarA' prathama gAthA meM anukUla upasargoM ko dustara batAyA gayA hai, kyoMki pratikUla upasargoM meM to sAdhaka samartha hokara samatvavRtti tathA dhairya dhAraNa kara letA hai parantu anukUla upasarga rUpa sUkSma tathA snigdha bahAva meM mana kI dhArA kaba pravAhita hone lagatI hai, isakA jJAna hI nahIM rhtaa| baMdhubAMdhava ke madhura tathA snehila saMsarga usake komala mAnasa ko vicalita kara usI prakAra bAMdha lete hai, jaise vana meM utpanna vRkSa ko latA veSTita kara letI hai / rAjA, maMtrI Adi dvArA vividha bhogya padArthoM kA AkarSaNa usake mAnasa meM lobha paidA karatA hai aura mUDha sAdhaka usa bha~varajAla meM pha~sakara utkRSTa saMyama pAlana meM apane Apako asamartha mAnatA huA usI prakAra viSAda ko prApta hotA hai, jaise U~cI car3hAI meM bUr3he bail| zAstrakAra ne durbala tathA zithilAcArI sAdhaka kI manovRtti ko saTIka udAharaNoM dvArA spaSTa kiyA hai| bhogoM meM ulajhA, striyoM meM gRddha, saMyama kA bojha uThAne meM akSama vaha sAdhu aMta meM hArakara gRhavAsa kI ora prayANa kara jAtA hai| __tRtIya uddezaka meM 21 gAthAe~ hai| ina gAthAoM meM una nirbala, alpa satvavAle sAdhakoM kI mAnasikatA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo AtmA meM uThI bhaya, kuzaMkA Adi saMvedanAoM se parAsta ho jAte hai| svayaM ke asvastha cintana tathA vikRta mAnasikatA se ve usI prakAra dhvasta ho jAte hai, jaise yuddha ke samaya kAyara puruss| prArambhika gAthAoM meM bhikSu kI asthira, saMkalpa-vikalpoM se AkrAnta mAnasikatA kA yathArtha citraNa hai| jo bhikSu ina saMvedanAoM para vijaya pA letA hai, vaha una vIra yoddhAoM kI taraha parAkramavAna hai, jo saMgrAma samaya meM 'kiM paraM maraNaM siyA' mRtyu kI cintA nahIM krtaa| isI uddezaka meM paravAdiyoM ke AkSepa rUpa upasargoM kA bhI varNana hai| vRttikAra 118 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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tathA cUrNikAra kA tAtparya yahA~ AjIvaka tathA digambara paramparA ke bhikSuoM se hai| ve isa prakAra ke AkSepa karate hai ki jo Apasa meM mUrcchita hokara gRhasthoM ke samAna AcaraNa karate hai, rugNa ko rAgavaza bhojana lAkara dete hai, eka-dUsare ke vazavartI hai, ve 'naTTa - sappaha- sabbhAvA' satpatha tathA sadbhAva rUpa paramArtha se bhraSTa hai, jo saMsAra se pAra nahIM ho sakate / mokSavizArada sAdhu pratyAkSepa dvArA unnatIrthikoM se kahe ki vraNa ko adhika khujalAnA ThIka nahIM balki doSakAraka hI hai| vaha bahuguNaprakalpa sAdhu unheM samajhAyeM ki gRhastha ke dhAtu ke bhAjana meM bhojana karanA, sacitta harita, zIta, jalAdi tathA odezika Adi doSayukta AhAra kA sevana, rogI ke liye gRhastha se AhAra ma~gavAnA Adi kAryoM dvArA Apa mAtra doSoM kA hI sevana karate hai ! prasannatA pUrvaka glAna kI sevA karanA hI sevA dharma hai| bAvIsa gAthAoM meM grathita caturtha uddezaka meM anya tIrthiyoM ke hetvAbhAsoM kA varNana hai, jinase sAdhaka vimohita tathA saMyama bhraSTa ho jAtA hai| sAdhaka ke mana ko vicalita tathA citta ko vibhrAnta karane vAle kucha zithila sAdhakoM ke aise kutarkoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo pUrvakAlika mahApuruSoM kI duhAI dekara apane anAcAra ko AcAra meM samAviSTa karane kA prayAsa karate hai / zAstrakAra una vicalita sAdhakoM ko samajhAne ke liye vastu svarUpa kA yathAtathya prarUpaNa karate hai| prArambhika gAthAoM meM kucha RSiyoM ke nAmollekha ke sAtha saMyama bhraSTa karane vAle upasargoM kA bhI varNana hai| jaise kucha ajJAnI yaha mAnate hai ki prAcIna samaya meM kaI mahApuruSoM ne sacitta jala pIte huye bhI mokSa prApta kiyA hai / namividehI AhAra kA tyAgakara ke, rAmagupta AhAra kA upabhoga karake, bAhuka tathA tArAgaNa sacitta jala kA upabhoga kara mokSa meM gaye hai| Asiladevila, dvipAyana tathA pArAzara RSi ne sacitta jala, bIja, harI vanaspati Adi kA AhAra karate huye bhI siddhi prApta kI hai / ye sabhI RSipuruSa jaina darzana meM bhI mAnya hai tathA ina sabhI ne 'bhoccA bIodagaM siddhA' arthAt zItajala - phalAdi vanaspati kA upabhoga karake bhI siddhi prApta kI hai|' isa prakAra kI mithyA tathA buddhi ko bhramita karane vAlI dhAraNAe~ zithila sAdhaka ke mana ko bhraSTa tathA sAdhanA cyuta karane vAlI hai / nizcaya hI ye mahApuruSa zItodaka Adi kA upayoga karate the parantu jisa samaya unheM sarvavirati bhAva kI prApti huI, usa samaya hI kevalajJAna upalabdha huA / yaha bAta cUrNi tathA vRtti meM pUrNa spaSTa hai / ' se sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 119

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ve kutIrtha yaha nahIM jAnate ki kina bhAvoM meM pravarttamAna hone para unheM siddhi prApta huii| ina kutarkoM ke jAla meM ulajhA sAdhaka usI prakAra duHkha pAtA hai, jaise pITha para bhAra vahana kiye hue gardabha duHkha kA anubhava karate hai| yahA~ calAyamAna sAdhu ko gadhe kI upamA dI gayI hai, jo saMyamarUpI bhAra ko vahana karane meM asamartha hokara tIvra pIr3A kA anubhava karate hai / isI krama meM sukha se hI sukha kI prApti hotI hai, isa bauddha mata kA ullekha hai / isibhAsiyAI meM bhI isI mAnyatA kA ullekha milatA hai| 'jisa sukha se sukha upalabdha hotA hai, vahI Atyantika (mokSa) sukha hai parantu jisase duHkha kA samAgama hotA hai, mujhe usakA samAgama na ho / ' yaha sAtiputra kA kathana hai| manojJa bhojana aura zayanAsana kA sevana karake jo manojJa ghara meM dhyAna karatA hai, vahI samAdhi hai| tathA amanojJa - bhojana, zayanAsana, gRha meM jo bhikSu dhyAna karatA hai, vaha du:kha hI dhyAna hai| yaha zAkyaputra buddha athA zAriputra ( bauddha ziSya) dvArA kahA gayA hai| aisA cUrNikAra mAnate hai / inhIM bhAvoM kA aMkana ina gAthAoM meM kiyA gayA hai| ? isa mithyAvAda ke prarUpaka prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda, adattAdAna, maithuna tathA parigraha kA sevana karane se asaMyamI hai / ata: sAdhu isa mithyA mAnyatA kA zikAra na bane / jo vyAmUDhamati sAdhu 'sAtaM sAteNa vijjaI' sukha se hI sukha kI prApti rUpa mithyA upasarga meM ulajhatA hai, vaha arhata prarUpita parama samAdhimaya mArga ko chor3a detA hai| jinazAsana parAGmukha kuzIla sAdhu apanI kAmabhogecchA kI tRpti ke liye tIna prakAra ke tarka detA hai ki (1) strI - paribhoga gAMTha yA phoDe ko dabAkara mavAda nikAlane jaisA nirdoSa hai / (2) strI - paribhoga meMDhe ke jala pIne kI kriyA kI taraha nirdoSa hai| isameM dUsare ko pIr3A nahIM hotI aura svayaM ko bhI sukha kI anubhUti hotI hai / - (3) strI - paribhoga piMgapakSiNi ke udakapAna kI taraha nirdoSa hai| vaha AkAza se nIce ur3Ana bharakara pAnI kI sataha se coMca meM pAnI bharakara pyAsa miTA detI hai / zarIra se pAnI ko na chUtI hai aura na usa pAnI ko hilAtIDulAtI hai|" jisa prakAra meMDhA tathA kApiJjala pakSiNI binA sira hilAye, pAnI ko binA 120 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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gandA kiye sthiratApUrvaka dhIre-dhIre pIte hai, usI prakAra rAgarahita, udAsIna citta se strI ke sAtha samAgama karane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| vRttikAra ne ina matavAdiyoM meM nIla vastradhArI viziSTa sAdhakoM, nAthavAdika maNDala meM praviSTa zaiva sAdhakoM tathA svayUthika kuzIla pArzvasthoM kA samAveza kiyA hai|' uparyukta tInoM udAharaNoM kA nirasana karate hue niyuktikAra kahate hai -10 (1) jaise koI vyakti maMDalAgra (talavAra) se kisI manuSya kA sira kATakara parAGmukha hokara baiTha jAye to bhI kyA vaha aparAdhI ke rUpa meM pakar3A nahIM jAyegA? (2) koI vyakti viSapAna karake kisI anya ko kaSTa na de athavA udAsIna ___ yA mAdhyasthavRtti meM sthita hokara baiTha jAye aura yaha soce ki mujhe kisI ne nahIM dekhA, to bhI kyA vaha nahIM maregA ? (3) koI rAjA ke khajAne se ratna curAkara nizcita bhAva se baiTha jAye, to bhI kyA vaha rAjapuruSoM dvArA pakar3A nahIM jAyegA ? ina tInoM kriyAoM meM koI udAsIna hokara baiTha jAye, phira bhI vaha tadtad viSayaka pariNAmoM se nahIM baca sakatA, usI prakAra kitanI hI udAsInatA tathA nirlepatA se strI-samAgama kyoM na kiyA jAya, vaha nirdoSa yA niravadya nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki aisA karane se pUrva, karate samaya tathA karane ke pazcAt- tInoM hI samaya meM tIvra rAga kI utpatti hotI hai| aura yaha rAga tIvra moha kA baMdhana karavAtA hai, parantu kuzIla, pAzastha (striyoM ke jAla meM baddha), kAmAndha sAdhu ina mithyAbhAsoM ke dvArA apanI vAsanA pUrti meM tatpara ho jAte hai| zAstrakAra ne ina gAthAoM meM unakI skhalita mAnasikatA kA hU-ba-hU varNana kiyA hai| Age kI gAthAoM meM una adUradarzI sAdhakoM kA varNana hai, jo 'aNAgayamapassaMtA paccuppannagavesagA' bhaviSya ke duHkhoM ko na dekhane vAle mAtra vartamAna ke sukhoM meM Asakta hai| ve ina upasargoM ke zikAra hokara, yauvana ke kSINa ho jAne para, zarIra ke rogoM se ghirane para 'pacchA paritappaMti' pIche pazcAtApa karate hai, parantu jo samaya rahate hI jAgRta ho dharma meM parAkrama karate hai, ve baMdhanamukta, dhIra-puruSa asaMyamI jIvana kI jhaMkhanA nahIM krte| uddezaka kI samApti meM una kAmavijetAoM kA varNana hai, jo vaitaraNI nadI se bhI dustara, durlaghya strI-saMyoga rUpa anukUla tathA pratikUla samasta upasargoM ko jJa parijJA se samyaktayA jAnakara tathA pratyAkhyAna parijJA ke dvArA unase mukta sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 121

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hokara mokSaprApti paryanta saMyama meM parAkrama karate hai| antima gAthAdvaya (tRtIya uddezaka ke anta meM bhI yahI do gAthAe~ hai) kI punarAvRtti ke dvArA zAstrakAra ne isa bAta para vizeSa bala diyA hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 45 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 45-48 (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 77-78 (a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 49-50 (ca). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 78-79 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra. 79 sUyagaDo, 1/3/4/1-4 (a) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (jambUvijayajI) prastAvanA pR. - 15 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 96 (sa) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 96 (a) isibhAsiyAI a. 38, pR. - 85 (ba) sUDagaDAMga sUtra (jambU vijayajI) prastAvanA pR. - 16 (sa) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 96 sUyagaDo, 1/3/4/10-12 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 98 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 53/54/55 (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 99 4. strI parijJA adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (pra. zru.) ke caturtha adhyayana kA nAma itthi pariNNA arthAt strI parijJA hai| strI zabda kA artha spaSTa hai| parijJA arthAt tadviSayaka samasta pahaluoM kA jJAna / strI ke hAva-bhAva-svabhAva Adi ko sabhI dRSTiyoM se jAnakara unase apekSita dUrI banAye rakhanA hI strI parijJA kA bhAvArtha hai| parijJA zabda se do artha grahita hote hai - 1. jJa parijJA dvArA vastu tattva kA yathArtha jJAna krnaa| 122 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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2. pratyAkhyAna parijJA dvArA usakA samyak svarUpa jAnakara moha - mamatva kA parityAga karanA / cU~ki isa adhyayana meM striyoM ke svarUpa ko jAnakara usase virakta hone kA sandeza hai, ata: isa adhyayana kA strIparijJA nAma sArthaka hai| pUrvokta adhyayana meM anukUla aura pratikUla upasargoM ke prakAra tathA unako sahane ke upAya nirdiSTa the / anukUla upasargoM ko sahanA kaThina hotA hai| unameM bhI striyoM dvArA utpAdita upasarga atyanta du:saha, durjeya aura dustIrNa hone se isa adhyayana meM sAdhaka ko striyoM se pUrNata: dUra rahate hue kAmavijayI hone kA upadeza diyA gayA hai / niryuktikAra ne strI zabda ke pA~ca nikSepa kiye hai-' dravyastrI, abhilApastrI, cihnastrI, vedastrI tathA bhAvatrI / 1 1. dravyastrI - dravyastrI ke do bheda hai| - AgamataH aura no agamata: jo strI pada ke artha ko jAnane vAlA parantu usake upabhoga se rahita hai, vaha Agamata: dravyastrI hai| no AgamataH dravya strI ke tIna bheda hai . jJazarIra, bhavyazarIra, jJazarIra bhavyazarIra vyatirikta / jJazarIra bhavyazarIra vyatirikta dravya strI ke tIna bheda hai| - (a) ekabhavikA - jo jIva eka bhava pazcAt strI zarIra ko prApta karane vAlA hai| (ba) baddhAyuSkA jisane strI AyuSya kA baMdha kara liyA hai| (sa) abhimukha nAma gotrA - jisa jIva ke strI nAma, gotra abhimukha hai| 2. abhilApastrI - strIliMgavAcI zabda, jaise - siddhi, zAlA, mAlAdi / 3. cihnastrI - cihna mAtra se jo strI hotI hai, jaise - stana, vastra Adi / athavA jo strIveda se zUnya ho gayA hai, vaisA chadmastha, kevalI yA anya koI strIvezadhArI vyakti / 4. vedastrI jise puruSa samAgama kI abhilASA rUpa strIveda kA udaya ho / - - 5. bhAvastrI - strIveda kA anubhava karanevAlI / isake do prakAra hai - Agamata: tathA noAgamataH / jo strI padArtha ko jAnatA huA usameM upayoga rakhatA hai, vaha AgamataH sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 123

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bhAva strI hai tathA jo strIveda rUpa vastu meM upayoga rakhatA hai athavA strIvedodaya prApta karmoM meM upayoga rakhatA hai, vaha no Agamata: bhAvastrI hai| niyuktikAra ne strI ke vipakSabhUta puruSa zabda ke bhI 10 nikSepa kiye hai, jisakA cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne vizad varNana kiyA hai - 1. nAma puruSa - nAma kA artha hai saMjJA / jinakI saMjJA pulliMga ho, jaiseghaTa, paTa aadi| athavA jo saMjJA mAtra se puruSa hai, vaha nAma puruSa hai| 2. sthApanA puruSa - lakar3I Adi kI banAyI huI pratimA meM kisI kA AropaNa kara denA sthApanA puruSa hai| jaise- yaha mahAvIra kI pratimA hai| 3. dravya puruSa - jo dravya (dhana) meM atyanta Asakta hai, aisA dhana pradhAna puruSa, jaise- mammaNa seTha aadi| 4. kSetra pUruSa - kSetra se saMbodhita hone vAlA puruSa, jaise - saurASTrika aadi| 5. kAla puruSa - jo jitane kAla taka puruSa veda kA anubhava karatA hai| 6. prajanana puruSa - jisake kevala puruSa kA cihna (liMga) hai, kintu usameM puMstva nahIM hai, vaha prajanana puruSa hai| 7. karma puruSa - jo atyanta pauruSa yukta kArya karatA hai| 8. bhoga puruSa - bhogapradhAna puruSa, jaise- cakravarti aadi| 9. guNa puruSa - puruSa ke cAra guNoM kA ullekha cUrNikAra ne kiyA hai, vyAyAma, vikrama, vIrya tathA stv| 10. bhAva puruSa - puruSa veda ke udaya kA anubhava karane vAlA bhAva puruSa strI parijJA adhyayana meM cihna strI, veda strI artha hI vivakSita hai| niyuktikAra ke anusAra prastuta adhyayana meM do uddezaka hai| prathama uddezaka meM 31 tathA dvitIya uddezaka meM 22 gAthAe~ hai| prathama uddezaka kA pratipAdya hai - striyoM ke sAtha saMstava tathA saMlApa karane se zIla kI skhalanA hotI hai| dUsare uddezaka meM skhalita vyakti kI isI janma meM hone vAlI durdazA tathA karmabandhana kA vivecana hai| strI paravazatA bar3e se bar3e balavAna ko bhI parAjita kara detI hai| niyuktikAra ne isI krama meM tIna baloM ke tIna dRSTAnta prastuta kiye hai| buddhi bala, zArIrika bala tathA tapobala / jo vyakti ina baloM se yukta hote hai, ve bhI strI ke vaza hokara naSTa bhraSTa ho jAte hai, jaise - 124 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana /

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1. abhayakumAra - buddhibala ke dhnii| 2. caNDapradyota - zarIrabala ke dhnii| 3. kUlabAla - tapobala ke dhnii| ye tInoM puruSa, jo apane Apako zUra mAnate the, ve bhI kRtrima prema kA pradarzana karane meM pravINa tathA mAyA pradhAna striyoM ke vazIbhUta ho gye| jo puruSa dharma meM dRr3hamati vAlA hotA hai, vahI zUra hai, vIra hai aura sAttvika hai| dharma ke prati nirutsAhI vyakti atyadhika zaktizalI hone para bhI zUra nahIM hotaa| prastuta adhyayana meM jo striyoM kI nindA kI gayI hai, vaha ekAMgI dRSTikoNa hai| strI agara itanI hI nindanIya yA doSoM kI khAna hotI, to solaha satiyA~ prAta: smaraNIya nahIM hotii| vAstava meM svayaM kI vikRta mAnasikatA tathA dabI huI vAsanA hI isakA mUla kAraNa hai| isake prakaTa hone meM strI nimitta kAraNa avazya ho sakatI hai| ata: strI ke saMsarga se zramaNa meM doSotpatti ke samAna hI puruSa ke saMsarga se zramaNI meM bhI doSotpatti sambhava hai| isI tathya ko niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra donoM ne eka svara se svIkAra kiyA hai|' tathApi isa adhyayana kA nAma puruSa parijJA na rakhakara strI parijJA rakhane kA kAraNa cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne batAyA hai ki 'purisottario dhammo' arthAt puruSa pradhAna dharma hai| dharma ke pravartaka puruSa hone se ve uttama hai, ata: isa uttamatA ko lAMchita na karane ke lakSya se hI prastuta adhyayana kA nAma 'strIparijJA' rakhA gayA hai| parantu yaha samAdhAna mAtra vyAvahArika dRSTi se hI saMgata hai| AdhyAtmika dRSTi se anekAntavAdI kisI eka ko uttama tathA eka ko adhama nahIM kaha sktaa| astu prathama uddezaka ke arthAdhikAra meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki striyA~ kisa prakAra se sAdhaka ke pAsa jAkara unheM apane sammohana meM bA~dhatI hai| prathama gAthA meM sAdhu kI pratijJA kA smaraNa hai| vaha apane mAtA-pitA, svajana sambandhI Adi samasta pUrvasaMyogoM kA tyAga kara yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM samyaka darzanajJAna-cAritra se paripUrNa hokara maithuna se virata hotA huA strI, napuMsaka, pazurahita, ekAnta zAnta sthAnoM meM vicaraNa kruuNgaa| susamAhita sAdhaka kA zIla nAza karane ke liye striyA~ sUkSma rUpa se adhika nikaTa meM baiThatI hai, gUDhArtha vAlI kavitA, pahelI sunAtI hai, ekAnta meM gupta bAta kahatI hai, bhikSA ke nimitta se ghara bulAkara ekAnta meM ArAmadeha palaMga, zayyA, Asana para baiThane ko kahatI hai, sundara tathA kAmapoSaka pAradarzI vastroM ko DhIle pahana kara svastha-suDaula aMgoM kA pradarzana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 125

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karatI hai, kabhI bA~heM U~cI kara kA~kha dikhAtI hai, to kabhI puSTa aMgoM ke ubhAra ko pradarzita karatI hai| apanI snehapUrNa dRSTi se kaTAkSa karatI hai| isa prakAra ke anekavidha aMga vinyAsa, hAvabhAva tathA nATaka karake vaha AtmahitaiSI aNagAra ko apanI ora lubhAkara unameM kAmavAsanA paidA karatI hai| zAstrakAra ne ina anukUla upasargoM se sAdhaka ko kaI udAharaNoM dvArA preraNA dete huye sAvadhAna kiyA hai| sAdhu strI ko "viSalittaM kaMTagaM naccA" viSalipta kA~Te ke samAna samajhe / jisa prakAra viSamizrita khIra ko khAkara manuSya kevala pazcAttApa hI karatA hai, usI prakAra strI ke vazIbhUta huA muni lAkha pazcAttApa ke bAvajUda usake pha~de se nahIM nikala pAtA / ina gAthAoM meM una yAtanAoM kA bhI varNana hai, jo raMge hAthoM pakar3e jAne para sAdhu ko dI jAtI hai| sAmAjika loga unake hAtha-paira kATa DAla dete hai athavA mA~sa, camar3I udher3a lI jAtI hai, use bhaTTI meM DAlakara jalA diyA jAtA hai, usake aMga chIlakara usa para kSAra bhI chir3akA jAtA hai / anta meM upasaMhAra karate huye kahA hai ki sAdhu kAminI kI samasta prArthanAoM aura pralobhanoM ko suara ko pha~sAne vAle cAvala ke dAne ke samAna samajhe tathA unake AmaMtraNa para unake gharoM meM jAne kI icchA na kreN| jo sAdhu isa viSaya rUpI pAza se ba~dhA huA bAra-bAra moha ko prApta hotA hai, vaha nirbhaya hokara vicaraNa karane vAle mA~salolupI siMha kI taraha logoM dvArA jAla meM bA~dha liyA jAtA hai| dvitIya uddezaka meM zIlabhraSTa sAdhaka kI dazA kA karuNa citraNa kiyA gayA hai / apane cAritra se bhraSTa, strI kA vazavartI vaha sAdhu usake liye eka acche AjJAkArI naukara sI naukarI bajAtA hai aura usameM bhI vaha dhanyatA kA anubhava karatA hai / vaha kAminI kabhI usake sira para pAda prahAra karatI hai to kabhI rUThane kA nATaka karatI hai| use apane paira racAne, kamara dabAne, mahAvara lagAne, kapar3e dhone, zAka bhAjI lAne, zrRMgAra kA sAmAna lAne, chAte, jUte, bartana, khilaune Adi lAne ke aneka Adeza detI hai, jisakA pAlana vaha strImohI, putrapoSaka banakara ihaloka paraloka ke naSTa hone kI paravAha kiye bagaira karatA hai aura jindagI bhara U~Ta kI taraha gRhasthI kA bhAra DhotA rahatA hai / ' eka nispRha, nirapekSa, nirbaMdha sAdhaka kI yaha viDambanAjanaka sthiti rAga ke kAraNa hotI hai, ata: zAstrakAra isa uddezaka kA prArambha hI "oesayA Na rajjejjA" isa sUtra se karate hai| oe oja arthAt sAdhaka kadApi rAga na kare 126 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana -

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kyoMki rAga hI Asakti aura moha kA mUla hai| zAstrakAra ne ina strIlolupI sAdhakoM kI tulanA dAsa, jAla meM pha~se mRga, naukara, pazu tathA adhama vyaktiyoM se kI hai|" antima gAthAcatuSka dvArA uddezaka kI parisamapti karate huye strIsaMga tyAga kI preraNA dI gayI hai| sAdhu strI ke saMsarga, saMvAsa se utpanna pApakArI vajravat kAmabhogoM kA tyAga kare, strI tathA pazuyukta sthAnoM meM vAsa na kre| isa prakAra vizuddha lezyAvAlA sthitaprajJa, medhAvI sAdhu samasta sparza (zIta, uSNa, daMza) ko triyoga se samatApUrvaka sahana kreN| strIsamparka janita karmaraja se mukta, rAgadveSarahita vaha sAdhu mokSa paryanta saMyama meM pravRtta rhe| isa prakAra prastuta adhyayana meM aneka mahattvapUrNa tathya upalabdha hote hai| inase kAma-vAsanA ke pariNAma jAnakara unase virata hone kI prabala preraNA milatI hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 56 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 57 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 101-102 (sa) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 102-103 (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 102 vyAyAmo vikramo vIrya satvaM ca puruSe gunnaaH| (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 103 guNA:- vyaayaamvikrmdhairystvaadikaaH| sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 58 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 59 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 61-62 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 63 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 104-105 sUyagaDo, 1/4/1/2-3 sUyagaDo, 1/4/2/2-16 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 115 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/4/2/18 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/4/2/22 10. 11. 12. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 127

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5. naraka vibhakti adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke (prathama zrutaskandha) paMcama adhyayana kA nAma 'niraya vibhakti' athavA 'naraka vibhakti' hai| cUrNikAra ne naraka kA nirUkta isa prakAra kiyA hai-' pApa karma karane vAle prANiyoM ko jahA~ le jAyA jAtA hai, vaha naraka hai| jisameM prANI sukha nahIM pAte, vaha naraka hai| vibhakti arthAt vibhAga yA sthaan| isa dRSTi se naraka vibhakti kA sampUrNa artha hai- jisa adhyayana meM naraka ke bhinna-2 vibhAgoM ke kSetrIya, asurakRta, parasparakRta duHkhoM kA varNana ho| ina vibhinna naraka sthAnoM meM tIvra, tIvratara, tIvratama, zIta, uSNa Adi sparza, vikarAla, vIbhatsarUpa, tIvra, kaTu tathA tiktarasa, bhayaMkara durgandha, karUNa cItkArapUrNa zabda tathA azubha viSaya Adi kA nArakoM para kaisA prabhAva par3atA hai, kisa prakAra kI unakI karUNa bhayAvaha sthiti hotI hai, dArUNa duHkhoM ko kisa prakAra ve dIna, atrANa banakara bhogate hai, isakA mArmika tathA hRdaya vidAraka varNana isa adhyayana meM samAviSTa hai| isa adhyayana ke do uddezaka hai - prathama uddezaka meM 27 tathA dvitIya meM 25 gAthAe~ hai| vaidika, bauddha tathA jaina - tInoM paramparAoM meM naraka ke mahAdu:khoM kA varNana hai| isase yaha pratIta hotA hai ki naraka kI mAnyatA ati prAcInakAla se calI A rahI hai| yogasUtra ke vyAsabhASya meM cha: mahAnarakoM kA varNana hai| bauddha paramparA ke piTakagrantha rUpa suttanipAta ke kokAliya nAmaka sutta meM narakoM kA varNana hai| abhidharmakoSa ke tRtIya koza sthAna ke prArambha meM ATha narakoM ke nAma diye gaye hai| ina sabhI sthaloM ko dekhane se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki bhAratIya dharmoM kI tInoM zAkhAoM meM naraka kA varNana eka-dUsare se kAphI milatA julatA hai| unakI zabdAvalI bhI bahuta kucha samAna hai| niyuktikAra ne isa adhyayana kA pratipAdya batalAte hue naraka-utpatti ke aneka kAraNoM meM se do kAraNoM - upasarga-bhIrUtA tathA strI-vazavartItA kA ullekha kiyA hai| - sthAnAMga sUtra meM naraka gamana ke cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai'mahArambha, mahAparigraha, paMcendriya prANIvadha tathA mA~sAhAra / tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra mahArambha tathA mahAparigraha ye narakAyu baMdha ke kAraNa hai|' niyuktikAra ne naraka pada ke chaha nikSepa kiye hai - nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhaav| 128 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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. 1. nAma naraka - kisI kA nAma naraka rakhanA nAma naraka hai| 2. sthApanA naraka - kisI padArtha meM naraka kI sthApanA karanA, sthApanA naraka hai| 3. dravya naraka - dravya naraka ke do bheda hai - Agamata: tathA noaagmt:| jo naraka kA jJAtA ho para usameM upayoga na rakhatA ho, vaha Agamata: dravya naraka hai| noAgamata: dravya naraka ve jIva hai, jo isI loka meM manuSya yA tiryaMca jIvana meM bandIgRha, aniSTa parivAra athavA yAtanA sthAna meM naraka ke samAna hI kaSTa pAte ... dravya naraka ke anya apekSA se do bheda hai| (a) karmadravya-dravyanaraka - naraka meM vedane yogya krm-bNdh| (ba) nokarmadravya-dravyanaraka - vartamAna jIvana meM azubha rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, varNa, zabda aura sparza kA saMyoga / 4. kSetra naraka - kAla, mahAkAla, Adi 84 lAkha viziSTa bhU-bhAga kSetra naraka hai| 5. kAla naraka - jisa naraka meM nArakoM kI jitanI sthiti hai, vaha kAla naraka hai| 6. bhAva naraka - naraka meM sthita yA narakAyuSya ke udaya se utpanna azAtAvedanIya karma ke udaya vAle jIva bhAva-naraka kahe jAte hai| niyuktikAra ne 'vibhakti' pada ke bhI nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhAva ye chaha nikSepa kiye hai|' ___ sthAnAMga meM narakoM ke sAta nAma aura gotroM kA ullekha hai| dhammA, vaMzA, zailI, aMjanA, riSTA, maghA aura mAghavatI ye sAta naraka hai / ' narakoM ke gotra - ratnaprabhA, zarkarAprabhA, bAlukApramA, paMkaprabhA, dhUmaprabhA, tamaprabhA, mhaatmprbhaa| adholoka meM sAta pRthiviyA~ hai| ina pRthiviyoM (narakoM) ke eka-dUsare ke antarAla meM sAta tanuvAta (patalIvAyu) aura sAta avakAzAntara hai| ina avakAzAntaroM para tanuvAta, tanuvAtoM para ghanavAta, ghanavAtoM para ghanodadhi aura ina sAta ghanodadhiyoM para phUla kI TokarI kI bhA~ti caur3I saMsthAna vAlI pRthiviyA~ hai|' yahA~ rahane vAle nArakI jIvoM kI lezyA, pariNAma, deha tathA vedanA Adi uttarottara azubha, azubhatara, azubhatama aura asahya, asahyatara, asahyatama hotI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 129

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hai| deha kA pramANa tathA vikriyA zakti bhI kramaza: adhikatara hotI hai|" narakavAsiyoM kI utkRSTa sthiti kramaza: 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 22 tathA 33 sAgaropama hai|" nArakIya jIva narakAvAsoM meM tIna prakAra kI vedanA kA anubhava karate hai- ( 1 ) kSetravipAkI, (2) parasparakRta tathA (3) asurakRta / kSetravipAkI vedanA - nArakIya prANI narakAvAsoM meM tIvra vedanA ko utpanna karanevAle pRthvI ke sparza kA anubhava karate hai / yaha kSetrajanita vedanA dUsaroM ke dvArA acikitsya hotI hai| unake bhayaMkara rUpa, bhauMDA zarIra, asahya durgandha, kaTu tathA tikta rasa, bhayAvanI citkAra se utpanna dArUNa duHkha ko koI deva cAhe to bhI zAnta karane meM samartha nahIM hai / 12 parasparakRta vedanA - ve nAraka eka dUsare ke dveSa kA smaraNa kara pratizodha kI Aga meM jalate huye paraspara kuttoM evaM gIdar3a kI taraha lar3ate hai| apanI vikriyA zakti dvArA talavAra, bhAlA, pharasA Adi nAnA prakAra ke zastroM kI vikurvaNA karake tathA apane hAtha, paira, dA~ta aura nakhoM se chedana, bhedana, kartana, takSaNa Adi se paraspara tIvra du:kha aura vedanA utpanna karate hai / asurakRta vedanA - tRtIya prakAra kA duHkha narakapAla arthAt paramAdhArmika asuroM dvArA diyA jAtA hai| ye pandraha prakAra ke asura svabhAva se krura, raudra, saMkliSTa pariNAma vAle, nAraka jIvoM ko paraspara lar3Ane vAle, chedana, bhedana tathA dahana karane meM Ananda manAne vAle hote hai| niyuktikAra ne panaraha prakAra ke naraqapAloM kA nAmollekha karate hue unake kAryakalApoM kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai, jisakA vRttikAra vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| 3 ye narakapAla nArakoM ko mudgara, bhAle Adi se mArate huye, ArI aura karavata se nArakoM ke aMga pratyaMga, guptAMga tathA komala sthAnoM ko chinna-bhinna karate huye, bhaTTI meM cane kI taraha bhunate huye, tela kI kar3AhI meM talate huye, khUna, mavAda, mA~sa, asthiyoM se bharI vaitaraNI nadI meM bahAte hue parama Ananda kA anubhava karate hai| prathama tIna narakoM meM uparokta tInoM prakAra kI vedanAe~ prApta hotI hai| zeSa cAra naraka bhUmiyoM meM kSetrajanita tathA parasparajanita vedanA hI hai| nAraka jIva apane pApajanita duHkhoM ko bhoge binA vahA~ se chuTakArA nahIM pA sakate, kyoMki narakAyuSya anapavartanIya hone se nArakoM kI akAla mRtyu nahIM hotI / sthAnAgaM sUtra meM nArakIya jIvoM dvArA bhogI jAnevAlI dasa prakAra kI vedanA kA ullekha hai ' ' - ( 1 ) zIta, (2) uSNa, (3) kSudhA, (4) pipAsA, (5) khujalAhaTa, 4 130 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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16) parataMtratA, (7) bhaya, (8) zoka, (9) jarA aura (10) vyAdhi / * prastuta adhyayana kI prathama gAthA meM sudharmA svAmI dvArA pUche jAne para zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA naraka ke dAruNa duHkhoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| sudharmA svAmI ke yaha pUchane para ki - paramAtman ! kauna se jIva naraka meM kyoM aura kaise jAte hai ? isakA samAdhAna zAstrakAra dUsarI gAthA meM karate hai ki jo jIva mana se raudra hai, karma se raudra hai, bhAvoM tathA vacanoM se bhI raudra hai, vaha jIva hitAhita kI viveka buddhi se rahita, saghana andhakAramaya, dhadhakate khaira-aMgAroM se bhI tIvra abhitApayukta naraka meM giratA hai| _ viSayasukha meM Asakta, trasa tathA sthAvara jIvoM kI tIvra hiMsA karane vAle jIvoM ko ina du:saha naraka bhUmiyoM meM utpanna hote hI bhayaMkara aniSTa zabda sunAI dete hai- 'yaha pApI, mahArambhI, mahAparigrahI, lampaTa nizcaya hI aneka pApakarma karake AyA hai, ata: ise mudgara se mAro, talavAra se kATo, zUla se bIMdho, bhAle meM pIro do, isake Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara do, Aga- bhaTTI meM jhoMka do|' ina marmabhedI zabdoM ko sunakara bicArA nAraka jIva bhayAtura hokara vahIM behoza ho jAtA hai| hoza Ate hI bhayavihvala hokara bhAgane lagatA hai ki aba kisa dizA meM jAye ? kisakI zaraNa meM jAye ? isa prakAra vahA~ utpanna hote hI nAraka jIva zabdajanya, kSetrajanya tathA paramAdhAmI asurakRta bhayaMkara yAtanAoM kA zikAra ho jAtA hai| prathama uddezaka meM nArakoM ko paramAdhArmika devoM dvArA dI jAne vAlI yAtanAoM kI lambI zrRMkhalA kA varNana hRdaya ko kampakampA dene vAlA hai| usakI saMkSipta jhA~kI isa prakAra hai- jalatI huI aMgAroM kI rAzi tathA jAjvalyamAna jyoti (jvAlA) sahita tapta bhUmi sadRza naraka bhUmi para calate huye nAraka karuNa rUdana karate hai| kaI bAra unheM rakta, mavAda tathA asthiyoM se bahatI vaitaraNI nadI meM kUdane ke liye bAdhya kara diyA jAtA hai, jisase usa nadI kI ustare ke samAna tIkSNa dhAra se nArakoM ke aMga kaTa jAte hai| usase udvigna nAraka jIva jaba naukA para car3hane ke liye Ate hai, to narakapAla unake gale meM kIla bhoMka dete hai| kinhIM ke gale meM bar3I-bar3I zilAe~ bA~dhakara unheM agAdha jalarAzi meM DUbo dete hai| kinhIM jIvoM ko atyanta tapI huI murmurAgni meM ghumAte tathA pakAte hai| ina narakoM meM agni kI lapaTeM cAroM dizAoM meM nirantara prajjvalita rahatI hai| usa dhadhakatI lapaToM meM nAraka jIva jIte jI DAla diye jAte hai, jo machaliyoM kI taraha tapate, tar3aphate Artasvara meM rUdana karate hai, para vahA~ unakA koI rakSaka nahIM hotaa| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 131

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naraka meM 'saMtakSaNa' nAmaka eka mahAna saMtApakArI narakAvAsa hai, jahA~ hAtha meM kuThAra liye hue narakapAla azukarmavAle una nairayikoM ke hAthoM aura pairoM ko bA~dhakara unheM phalaka kI bhA~ti chIla DAlate hai, tathA khuna se sane, mala se lathapatha hue nairayikoM ko ulaTa-pulaTa karate hue unheM jIvita machaliyoM kI bhA~ti lohe kI kaDAhI meM pakAte hai| unakI khopar3I cUra-cUra kara dI jAtI hai| narakapAloM dvArA pIche jAne para chupane ke liye idhara-udhara daur3ate hue nAraka malabhare narakAvAsa meM jA par3ate hai| ve bhUkha se pIr3ita hokara apane hI mala-mUtra Adi kA bhakSaNa karate hai, tathA cirakAla taka usI mala-mUtra bharI jagaha meM nivAsa karate hai| narakapAla unheM unake pUrvajanma ke samasta pApoM kA smaraNa karavAkara nAnA prakAra ke daNDa dete hai| unakI nAsikA, hoMTha, kAna ustare se kATa DAlate hai| jIbha ko tapI huI garama-garama saMDAsI se khiMcakara bAhara nikAla dete hai| isa dArUNa trAsadI se chaTapaTAte, vivekamUDha, saMjJAhIna (behoza) nAraka rAta-dina rotecillAte rahate hai| unake kaTe aMgoM se khUna TapakatA rahatA hai, jisa para kSAra chir3akakara narakapAla unheM Akula-vyAkula karake apanA krUra manoraMjana karate hai| ve kutuhalI asura rakta tathA mavAda pakAne vAlI, abhinavaprajvalita agni se yukta kumbhI nAmaka naraka meM 'aTTassare kaluNaM rasate' Artasvara meM karuNa pukAra karate hue una ajJAnI nArakI jIvoM ko DAlakara pakAte hai| pyAsa se vyAkula hone para ubalA huA garmAgarma tA~bA aura sIsA unake mu~ha meM jabarana uNDela diyA jAtA hai| yahA~ para eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki itanA varNanAtIta, asahya duHkha bhogane para bhI ve nAraka jIvita kaise rahate hai ? prANalevA yAtanAoM se kyA ve mRta nahIM ho jAte ? isakA samAdhAna zAstrakAra ne "no ceva te tattha masIbhavati Na mijjaI tivybhiveynnaae| ina zabdoM meM kiyA hai ki ve isa tIvra vedanA se na bhasma hote hai, na marate hai| ve nAraka jaba taka apane pUrvajanmakRta hiMsA, anAcaraNa Adi pApakarmoM kA sampUrNa bhugatAna nahIM kara lete, taba taka unakA AyuSya kSaya nahIM hotaa| kyoMki nAraka jIvoM ke vaikriya zarIra hotA hai| __ vaikriya zarIra vaha hai, jo mArane, kATane para yA chinna-bhinna kara dene para pAre ke samAna bikhara jAtA hai tathA jamIna para girate hI puna: eka ho jAtA hai, jisameM eka-aneka, choTA-bar3A Adi nAnA prakAra kI vikriyA karane kI zakti hotI hai| vaikriya zarIra upapAta janma se paidA hotA hai|'' upapAta janma arthAt strI-puruSa ke sambandha binA utpatti sthAna meM rahe hue vaikriya pudgaloM ko pahale 132 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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pahala zarIra rUpa meM pariNata krnaa|'' upapAta janma se paidA hokara vaikriya zarIra ko dhAraNa karane vAle deva tathA nAraka jIva hI hote hai| ina aupapAtika (upapAta janmavAle) nArakoM ke anapavartanIya AyuSya (jo ghaTAI na jA sake) kA udaya hone se ve prabhUta kAla taka una naraka bhUmiyoM meM asuroM dvArA vividha rUpa se satAye jAte hai| dvitIya uddezaka ke prArambha meM naraka ko 'sAsayadukkhadhammA' arthAt 'zAzvatadu:kha dharmA' kahA hai arthAt sampUrNa Ayuparyanta jIva jahA~ nirantara, pratipala du:kha hI pAtA hai yA jIvana kSaya hone taka duHkha denA hI jisakA svabhAva hai| kyoMki nArakI jIvoM ko naraka meM A~kha kI palaka jhapake utane samaya kA bhI sukha nahIM hai| isa uddezaka meM pUrvokta se kucha vizeSa yAtanAoM kA nirUpaNa hai tathA samApti meM naraka se bacane ke upAyoM kA bhI ullekha hai| narakapAla nArakI jIvoM ke hAtha pairoM ko bA~dhakara teja dhAravAle zastroM se unakA peTa phAr3a dete hai| lAThI Adi vividha zastroM ke prahAra se unake pITha kI camar3I bhI udher3a dete hai| unakI bhujA ko mUla se kATa dete hai| mu~ha ko phAr3akara usameM tapate hue lohe ke bar3e-bar3e gole DAlakara mu~ha ko jalA dete hai tathA unheM ekAnta meM le jAkara pUrvajanmakRta pApoM kA smaraNa karAte hai ki pUrvajanma meM zarAba aura mA~sa kA sevana karane vAle aba garmA-garma sIsA pIte huye aura apanA hI mA~sa khAte huye kyoM ghabarAte ho ? bicAre paravaza nArakI jIva una asuroM kI kisI bhI bAta kA pratikAra nahIM kara paate| ve narakapAla kabhI tapI huI gAr3I meM unheM jotate hai, to kabhI kIcar3a evaM kA~ToM se bharI jamIna para jabarana calAte hai| rukane para DaNDe, cAbUka se una para tIvra prahAra karate hai| kabhI-kabhI sAmane se giratI huI bar3I-bar3I zilAoM se kucala diye jAte hai| kabhI geMdAkAra meM banI kumbhI meM pakAye jAte hai, to kabhI cane kI taraha bhUne jAte hue jaba upara uchalate hai, taba lohamayI coMcavAle kAka unheM nocakara khA jAte hai| ve narakapAla unako hAthI kI taraha bhAra vahana karAte haiM yA do-tIna nArakoM ko unakI pITha para car3hAkara calAte hai| na calane para marmasthAnoM meM tIkhA noMkadAra zastra cubhoyA jAtA hai| unake zarIra ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara unheM nagarabali kI taraha cAroM dizAoM meM phaiMka diyA jAtA hai| kabhI sadAjalA nAmaka viSama aura durgama nadI meM, jisakA pAnI rakta, mavAda evaM kSAra ke kAraNa mailA va paMkila hai, ke pighale hue tarala loha ke samAna atyanta uSNa jala meM tirAyA jAtA hai, to kabhI vaitAlika nAmaka atyanta sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 133

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U~cA AkAzastha parvata, jo sadA atigarma rahatA hai, usa para unheM cirakAla taka mArA-pITA jAtA hai| ina samasta yAtanAoM ko bhogate huye tathA narakapAloM dvArA Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diye jAne para bhI ye nAraka pUna:-puna: jIvana pA jAte hai| isaliye isI uddezaka meM naraka ko saMjIvanI bhI kahA gayA hai|" saMjIvanI vaha auSadhi hai, jo marate huye manuSya ko jIvana pradAna karatI hai| naraka bhI saMjIvanI hai kyoMki vaha bhI prANaghAtaka yAtanA dene para bhI AyuSya zeSa hone se nArakoM ko puna: jIvana pradAna kara detI hai| bauddha paramparA ke AThaveM naraka 'saMjIva' kA varNana bhI uparokta varNana kI taraha hI hai| saMjIva naraka meM pahale zarIra bhagna hote hai, phira rajaHkaNa jitane sukSma ho jAte hai| pazcAt zItala vAyu se ve pUna: sacetana ho jAte hai|20 antima gAthAoM meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki naraka meM ve hI jIva Ate hai, jo janmAntara meM tIvra pApakarma kA upArjana karate hai| vastuta: yaha adhyayana aThAraha pApoM ke AcaraNa ke prati virakti paidA karatA hai| sUtrakAra ke anusAra nArakIya vedanA se mukta hone ke upAya hai - 1. hiMsA nivRtti, 2. satya kA AcaraNa, 3. asaMgraha kA pAlana, 4. kaSAyanigraha, 5. aThAraha pApoM se nivRtti, 6. cAritra kA anupAlana / / - sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi. pR. - 136 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga - 1 pR. - 146 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 25 ThANaM, 4/6 tattvArtha sUtra, 6/15 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 64-65 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 121-122 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 66 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 122 ThANaM, 7/23-24 ___ vahI, 7/14-22 (a) tatvArtha sUtra, 3/4 (ca) savArtha siddhi, a. 3, pR. 156 134 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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tatvArtha sUtra, 3/6 12... (AsUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 67 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 124 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 68-84 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti para - 125-126 ThANaM, 10/108 sUyagaDo, 1/5/1/6 . sUyagaDo, 1/5/1/16 tatvArtha sUtra - 2/47 tatvArtha sUtra pR. 124/paM. sukhalAlajI (a) sUyagaDo, 1/5/2/9 (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 137 abhidhamma koza, pR. 372 AcArya narendradevakRta sUyagaDo, 1/5/2/24 6. mahAvIra stava (vIrastuti) adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (pra. zru.) ke SaSThaM adhyayana kA nAma 'mahAvIra stava' hai| isa adhyayana kA nAma 'mahAvIra stava' isaliye rakhA gayA kyoMki isameM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI aneka zreSTha upamAoM ke dvArA stuti kI gayI hai| samavAyAMga meM isakA nAma 'mahAvIra stuti' upalabdha hai|' 'stava' aura 'stuti' donoM ekArthaka hI haiN| jinhoMne bandhana ke hetubhUta mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura azubha yogoM kA rodha kara diyA hai, jinhoMne jJAnAvaraNIyAdi cAra ghAtI karmoM kA vidAraNa kara diyA hai, jinhoMne anukUla-pratikUla samasta upasargoM ko parAjita kara diyA hai tathA jo narakAdi cAroM gatiyoM ke baMdha kAraNoM se mukta ho gaye hai, una zramaNa ziromaNi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jyortimaya jIvana kI Adarza jhA~kI kA prarUpaNa prastuta adhyayana meM kiyA gayA hai| pUrva pratipAdita pA~coM adhyayanoM meM sAdhaka ke rAga-dveSa, avirati, abrahma, Asakti se hone vAle pragAr3ha karma bandhana, unake phalasvarUpa prApta naraka ke du:khoM kA vistAra se varNana tathA unase bacane ke upAyoM kA sAMgopAMga nirUpaNa kiyA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 135

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gyaa| isa adhyayana meM una samasta doSoM se virata, upasargajetA, AtmahitaiSI sAdhaka ke Adarza, anuttara yogI, zramaNa tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ko paramanAyaka ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA hai| zAstroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tIna nAma prApta hote hai - vardhamAna. zramaNa tathA mhaaviir| mahAvIra stava meM nihita mahA+vIra+stava ina tInoM zabdoM ke niyuktikAra ne kramaza: chaha, cAra tathA cAra nikSepa kiye hai| mahat zabda ke cUrNikAra ne do artha kiye hai- pradhAna tathA bahuta / yahA~ yaha prAdhAnya artha meM gRhita hai| isake nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhAva ye chaha nikSepa hai| vIra kA artha hai- vIryavAna, shktishaalii| isake cAra nikSepa isa prakAra hai 1. dravyavIra - sacitta, acitta aura mizra dravya ke vIrya, zakti ko dravyavIra kahA jAtA hai| (ka) sacittadravyavIra ke tIna prakAra hai - .. (a) dvipada - tIrthaMkara, cakravartI, vAsudeva kA zArIrika viiry| cUrNikAra ne Avazyaka niyukti kI pA~ca gAthAoM ko uddhRta kara zalAkA puruSoM ke bala kA varNana karate hue tIrthaMkara, cakravartI Adi ke bala kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- tIrthaMkara apane zArIrika bala (vIrya) kA pradarzana nahIM karate, kintu unameM itanI zArIrika kSamatA hai ki ve isa loka ko uThAkara eka geMda kI taraha aloka meM pheMka sakate hai| ve maMdara parvata ko chatra kA daMDa banAkara ratnaprabhA pRthvI ko chatra kI taraha dhAraNa kara sakate hai| yaha vAstavikatA kA kAlpanika nidarzana hai| aisA na hotA hai, na koI karatA hai| para tIrthaMkara meM itanI zakti hotI hai| koI cakravartI kUpa ke taTa para sthita hai| unako sAMkala se bA~dhakara, battIsa hajAra rAjA apanI caturaMgiNI senA ke sahAre khIMcate hai, phira bhI ve unheM Tasa se masa nahIM kara skte| pratyuta cakravartI apane vAmahasta se sAMkala ko khIMcakara una sabako girA sakate hai| isI prakAra cakravartI se AdhI zakti vAsudeva meM aura vAsudeva se AdhI zakti baladeva meM hotI hai| parantu tIrthaMkara kI zakti cakravartI kI zakti se bhI adhika aura aparimita hotI hai| ve anaMta bala-vIrya se yukta hote hai| (ba) catuSpada - siMha Adi kA bl| (sa) apada - aprazasta-viSa Adi kI zakti tathA prazasta-saMjIvanI auSadhi Adi kI shkti| 136 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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(kha) mizradravya auSadhi kA vIrya 2. kSetravIra - jo apane kSetra meM adbhuta parAkramI hai, vaha kSetravIra hai| 3. kAlavIra - jo apane samaya yA kAla meM apUrva prabhAvazAlI hotA hai athavA jo kAla (mRtyu) para vijaya prApta kara letA hai, vaha kAlavIra hai / 4. bhAvavIra - kSAyika vIrya se sampanna vyakti, jisane krodhAdi kaSAyoM evaM parISoM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai, vaha bhAvavIra hai / prastuta adhyayana meM bhAvavIra hI vivakSita hai, kyoMki vardhamAna mahAvIra anukUla-pratikUla Adi samasta parISahoM tathA upasargoM se aparAjita hai, ata: mahAvIra zabda vyakti vAcaka hone para bhI vIratA ke guNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa yahA~ guNavAcaka hai| niyuktikAra ne stuti zabda ke bhI cAra nikSepa kiye hai| nAma tathA sthApanA prasiddha hai| AbhUSaNa, puSpamAlA, candana Adi sacitta - acitta dravyoM dvArA jo stuti kI jAtI hai, vaha dravya stuti hai tathA vidyamAna guNoM kA kIrtana - karanA bhAva stuti hai|' -stavana prastuta adhyayana meM jambUsvAmI dvArA pUche jAne para sudharma gaNadhara ne zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mahimAmaNDita bhagavad svarUpa kA aneka zreSThatAoM dvArA varNana kiyA hai, jisase hameM unake virAT svarUpa kA sahaja hI jJAna ho jAtA hai| ve jJAtaputra mahAvIra saMsAra ke prANiyoM ke duHkhoM ke jJAtA hone se khedajJa, aSTavidha karma vidAraNa meM kuzala, AzuprajJa, nirAmagaMdhI, anantajJAnI, anantadarzI, dhRtimAna, bhUtiprajJa, apratibaddha vihArI hai| sUrya kI bhAMti anupama prabhAsvara, vairocanendra (pradIpta agni) kI bhA~ti aMdhakAra meM prakAza karanevAle, RSabhAdi jinavaroM ke anuttara dharma ke netA, sahastra devoM se bhI adhika prabhAvazAlI hai| svayaMbhUramaNa samudra ke samAna prajJA se ananta pAra, samudrajala kI bhA~ti parama nirmala jJAna yukta, kaSAyoM se sarvathA rahita hai / pUrvokta vizeSaNoM meM bhagavAna ko khedajJa, dhRtimAn, bhUtiprajJa, nirAmagaMdhI, sthitaprajJa Adi viziSTatAoM se yukta batAyA gayA hai / khedajJa arthAt jo kSetra (AkAza) ko jAnane vAle hai| AkAza meM loka tathA aloka donoM kA samAveza hone se ve lokAloka ke jJAtA hai| sukha-duHkha Adi ko samatApUrvaka sahana karane dhRtimAna hai / bhUtiprajJa kA tAtparya hai ki jo vizvahitakarI, maMgalamayI viziSTa buddhi se yukta hai| isI prajJA ke kAraNa paramAtmA prANI mAtra ke kalyANa sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 137

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kI kAmanA se yukta banate hai / abhaya arthAt samasta bhayoM kA jinameM abhAva ho gayA hai / nirAmagaMdhI arthAt ve nirdoSabhojI hai| sthitaprajJa - jinakI prajJA pUrNata: sthita ho gayI hai arthAt mAna-apamAna, sukha-duHkha kI samasta sthitiyoM meM bhI jo taTastha aura nizcala citta vAle hai / jisa prakAra lambe parvatoM meM niSadha parvata tathA valayAkAra parvatoM meM rucaka parvata zreSTha hai, usI prakAra samasta prajJApuruSoM meM zramaNa mahAvIra zreSTha hai| jaise vRkSoM meM zAlmalI vRkSa, vanoM meM nandanavana, zabdoM meM meghagarjana, tArAgaNa meM candramA, gaMdhoM meM candana, dharmoM meM nirvANa, samudroM meM ikSurasa, pakSiyoM meM garur3a, mRgoM meM mRgendra, hAthiyoM meM airAvaNa, parvatoM meM sumerU, dAnoM meM abhayadAna, satya vacanoM meM niravadya vacana, tapa meM brahmacarya zreSTha tathA uttama hai, usI prakAra nirvANavAdiyoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra zreSTha hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ko prastuta adhyayana meM nirvANavAdI kahA gayA hai / nirvANavAdI arthAt mokSavAdI / prAcInakAla meM dArzanika jagat meM do paramparAe~ mukhya rahI hai - nirvANavAdI paramparA aura svargavAdI paramparA / zramaNa paramparA nirvANavAdI paramparA hai| usameM sAdhanA kA lakSya nirvANa hai aura vahI usakA sarvocca Adarza hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa Adarza ko sarvAdhika mulya diyA, isaliye ve nirvANavAdiyoM meM zreSTha kahalAe~ aura unakI paramparA nirvANavAdI paramparA kahalAI / isa paramparA meM sAdhanA ke ve hI tathya mAnya hai, jo ki nirvANa ke poSaka, saMvardhaka hai / svargavAdI paramparA meM aisA nahIM hai / yAjJika paramparA svargavAdI paramparA hai / " jaise sabhAoM meM sudharmA sabhA, yoddhAoM meM vizvasena cakravartI tathA kSatriyoM tava zreSTha hai, usI prakAra samasta RSiyoM tathA jJAniyoM meM zramaNa mahAvIra zreSTha hai| mahAbhArata sabhAparva meM dantavaktra nAmaka kSatriya kA ullekha hai| ise rAjAoM kA adhipati aura mahAn parAkramI mAnA hai / " bhagavAna mahAvIra pRthvI ke samAna samasta prANiyoM ke AdhArabhUta, vigatagRddhi(bAhyAbhyantara Asakti se rahita), cAroM kaSAyoM ke vantA, na pApa karate hai, na karavAte hai / ve kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, vinayavAdI tathA ajJAnavAdiyoM ke samasta vAdoM ko samyaktayA jAnakara AjIvana saMyama meM sthita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM tIna sau tiresaTha mata pracalita the / jainAgamoM meM una sabakA samAhAra uparokta cAroM vAdoM meM kiyA gayA hai| ina vAdoM kI vistRta mImAMsA agale adhyAya meM kreNge| 138 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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prastuta adhyayana kI upAntya gAthA aitihAsika dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| 'zramaNa mahAvIra ne strI-samparka tathA rAtribhojana kA varjana kiyaa|' isa kathana se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki mahAvIra se.pUrva cAturyAma kI paramparA pracalita thI, jisake pravartaka the pArzva / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne cAturyAma kI paramparA ko badalakara paMcamahAvratoM kI paramparA kA pracalana kiyaa| usameM parigraha viramaNa mahAvrata kA vistAra kara brahmacarya tathA aparigraha- ina do svatantra mahAvratoM kI sthApanA kii| sandarbha evaM TippaNI samavAo, 16/1 dazAzrutaskandha, payUSaNA nAmaka aSThama adhyayana prathamAdhikAra (ka) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 83 (kha) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 142 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 141 vahI, pR. - 141 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 84 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 143 sUyagaDo- 1/16, pR. 183 mahAbhArata, sabhAparva 32/3 7. kuzIla paribhASita adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke saptama adhyayana kA nAma kuzIla paribhASita yA kuzIla paribhASA hai| zIla zabda anekArthaka hai- svabhAva, AcAra, vyavahAra, anuSThAna, brahmacarya aadi| pUrvokta adhyayana meM parama suzIla mahApuruSa mahAvIra kI caryA, jJAna, dhyAna, tapa, tyAga Adi viziSTa guNAvali kI prazasti kI gii| prastuta adhyayana meM isase virodhI AcAra vAle kuzIla tathA unakI mithyA mAnyatAoM kA prarUpaNa tathA khaNDana hone se isa adhyayana kA nAma kuzIla hai| isa adhyayana ke uddezAdhikAra meM isakA eka hI uddezaka hai, jo 30 gAthAoM meM grathita hai| arthAdhikAra meM una kutIrthika, svayUthika, pArzvastha kuzIloM kI ora saMketa kiyA gayA hai, jo sadAcAra, sadvicAra, ahiMsA, satya, brahmacarya se sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 139

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yukta na hote huye bhI apane doSoM ko gUDha rakhakara apane hI matAgrahoM tathA durAcAra ko satya aura suzIla batAte hai| niyuktikAra' ne zIla zabda ke cAra nikSepa kiye hai - 1. nAmazIla- kisI guNazUnya kA zIla nAma rakhanA, nAmazIla hai| 2. sthApanAzIla- kisI vastu meM zIla kI sthApanA karanA, sthApanAzIla 3. dravyazIla- cetana yA acetana, jisa dravya kA jo svabhAva hai yA bhojana, vastrAdi ke viSaya meM bhI jisakI jo prakRti hai, vaha dravyazIla kahalAtA hai| 4. bhAvazIla- bhAvazIla ke mukhyata: do prakAra hai - a. oghabhAvazIla - pApa kAryoM se sampUrNa virata athavA virtaavirt| ba. AbhIkSNya sevanAzIla - niraMtara yA bAra-bAra zIla kA AcaraNa karatA hai| prakArAntara se bhAvazIla ke do prakAra haiM - jJAnazIla, tapa:zIla / 1. prazastabhAvazIla = dharmazIla, 2. aprazastabhAvazIla = adharma yA krodha Adi meM pravRtti krnaa| bhAvaazIla tathA bhAvakuzIla meM bhI yaha antara hai ki bhAva se azIla kisI bhI prakAra ke saMyama yA sadAcAra ke pAlana meM pravRtta nahIM hotA, na usa prakAra kA anuSThAna karatA hai| parantu bhAvakuzIla saMyama tathA zIla pAlana meM pravRtta to hotA hai parantu viparIta rUpa se| arthAt jo dharma kI ADa meM adharma tathA duHzIla kA sevana karatA hai, krodhAdi kaSAya tathA anya pApasthAnakoM meM pravRtta hotA hai, vaha bhAvakuzIla hai| prastuta adhyayana meM bhAvakuzIla hI vivakSita hai| niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra ne kuzIla tathA suzIla kI vyAkhyA karate huye batAyA hai ki jisakA zIla kutsita arthAt nindanIya hai, vaha kuzIla hai, parantu jisakA zIla zuddha tathA prazaMsanIya hai, vaha suzIla hai| isI prakAra jo aprAsuka arthAt zItajala, harita, agni Adi kA sevana karate hai, udgamAdi doSayukta AhAra kA sevana karate hai, ve kuzIla hai tathA jo prAsuka evaM acitta (eSaNIya) AhAra grahaNa karate hai, ve suzIla hai| vRttikAra ne mukhyata: cAra prakAra ke kuzIloM kA ullekha kiyA hai -3 1. paratIrthika kuzIla - anya dharma-sampradAyoM ke zithila saadhu| 2. pApityika kuzIla - pArzva kI paramparA ke zithila sAdhu / 140 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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3. nirgrantha kuzIla - mahAvIra kI paramparA ke zithila saadhu| 4. gRhastha kuzIla - azIla gRhsth|| niyuktikAra ne kucha kuzIloM - (paratIrthika, pArzvastha tathA avirata) ke nAmoM kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai, yathA - govratika, caMDadevagA, upAsaka, vAribhadraka, agnihotravAdI, jalazaucavAdI, bhAgavata tathA pArzvastha, avasanna Adi svyuuthik|' govratika ve loga hai, jo prazikSita choTe se baila ko lekara anna Adi ke liye ghara-ghara ghUmate hai| caNDI upAsaka ve hai, jo caNDI kI upAsanA karate hai yA cakradhAraNa karate hai| vAribhadraka arthAt jo sacitta jala pIte hai, nitya zaivAla bhojI hai tathA snAna, pAdadhovana Adi meM rata hai| agnihotravAdI ve hai, jo agni meM homa karane se hI svarga prApti batAte hai| bhAgavata Adi rAta-dina jalazauca meM hI saMlagna rahate hai, ye aura isa prakAra ke anya, jo aprAsuka (sacitta) AhArabhojI hai, ve sabhI kuzIla hai| pArzvastha, avasannAdi jo udgamAdi doSayukta AhAra kA sevana karate hai, ve bhI kuzIla kahalAte hai| isa adhyayana meM mukhya rUpa se kuzIloM kI mukhya tIna mAnyatAoM kA varNana hai - (1) AhArasaMpajjaNa - arthAt AhAra meM rasa paidA kara madhuratA utpanna karane vAle lavaNa tyAga se mukti kI prApti mAnane vAle (2) sIodagasevaNa - arthAta zItala jala se mokSa prApti mAnane vAle (3) hueNa - arthAt homa (yajJa) se mokSa prApti mAnane vaale| ina tInoM vicAradhArAoM kA zAstrakAra ne aneka dRSTAntoM dvArA yuktisaMgata khaNDana kiyA hai, jisakA vizleSaNa Age ke adhyAya meM prastuta kiyA jaayegaa| prArambhika gAthAoM meM zAstrakAra ne pRthvI, apa, teU, vAyu, vanaspati tathA trasa ina SaTkAyoM kA ullekha kara trasa prANiyoM ke cAra prakAroM kA varNana kiyA hai -jarAyuja, aNDaja, saMsvedaja tathA rasaja / dazavaikAlika meM yaha vargIkaraNa ATha prakAra se pAyA jAtA hai 1. aMDaja - aMDe se utpanna hone vAle mayUra aadi| 2. potaja - 'pota' arthAt shishu| jo zizu rUpa meM utpanna hote hai, jina para koI AvaraNa lipaTA huA nahIM hotA, ve potaja hai| jaise- hAthI, carma-jalokA aadi| 3. jarAyuja - jarAyu arthAt garbhavaSTana yA jhillI, jo zizu ko AvRta kiye rahatI hai| janma ke samaya jo jarAyu-veSTita dazA meM utpanna hote hai, ve jarAyuja sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 141 mnaa|

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hai| jaise- gAya, bhaiMsa aadi| . . 4. rasaja - chAcha, dahI Adi rasoM meM utpanna hone vAle sUkSma zarIrI jiiv| 5. saMsvedaja - pasIne se utpanna hone vAle khaTamala, yUkA-Adi jiiv| 6. sammUrcchanaja - isakA zAbdika artha hai- ghanA hone, bar3hane yA phailane kI kriyaa| jo sardI, garmI Adi bAhya kAraNoM ke saMyoga se garbha ke binA utpanna hote hai, bar3hate hai aura phailate hai, ve jIva sammUrcchanaja kahalAte hai| jaise- zalabha, cIMTI, makkhI aadi| 7. udbhija - pRthvI ko bhedakara utpanna hone vAle pataMga, khaJjarITa Adi jiiv| 8. aupapAtika - upapAta arthAt akasmAta ghaTita hone vAlI ghttnaa| devatA aura nArakIya jIva aupapAtika kahalAte hai| ye mAtA-pitA ke saMyoga se utpanna nahIM hote, ata: garbhaja nahIM hai| inake mana hotA hai, isalie ye sammUchima bhI nahIM hai| rasaja, saMsvedaja tathA udbhija ye sabhI prANI sammUchima hai| sukha kI abhilASA prANI kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| trasa tathA sthAvara sabhI prANI sukha ke AkAMkSI hote hai| ata: sAdhaka sUkSma-dRSTi se vicArakara ina prANiyoM kI hiMsA na kre| jo unake du:kha ko Atmavat nahIM jAnatA, vaha inhIM prANiyoM meM janma dhAraNa karatA hai| agnikAya samArambha ko doSayukta batAte huye kahate hai ki jo apane mAtA-pitA ko chor3akara, zramaNa vrata dhAraNa kara agnikAya kI hiMsA karatA hai arthAt pacana-pAcana karatA hai, vaha sarvajJa dvArA kuzIla kahA gayA hai, kyoMki Aga jalAne vAlA pRthvI, apa, ur3ane vAle saMpAtima jIva, saMsvedaja (pasIne se utpanna) evaM kASThAzrita (lakar3I Adi) jIvoM ko bhI jalA detA hai tathA apane zarIra kA poSaNa karane ke liye harI dUba, aMkura Adi vanaspati kA chedana-bhedana karatA hai, vaha ajJAnI puruSa bahuta se prANiyoM kA vinAza kara detA hai| sarvajJa puruSoM ne ukta hiMsA karane vAle ko anAryadharmI kahA hai| uparokta bhAva una paramparAoM aura rIti-rivAjoM para prahAra kara rahe hai, jo agni samArambha (yajJAdi) tathA sacitta AhAra (harI vanaspati, phala, phUla) dvArA mokSa prApti kA dAvA karate hai| zAstrakAra ne yahA~ pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu tathA vanaspati meM jIvoM kA astitva batAte huye yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki apanI sukha-suvidhA tathA zarIra kI zAtA ke liye ina jIvoM kA Arambha-samArambha tathA 142 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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chedana-bhedana karane vAlA mokSArthI nizcita rUpa se ina pApakArI kAryoM se karmabandhana dvArA apane lie yA to naraka kA pAtheya taiyAra karatA hai yA garbha meM hI mara jAtA hai athavA spaSTa bolane kI umra Ane taka yA Ane se pahale hI mRtyu ko prApta ho jAtA hai| koI kumAra avasthA meM to koI yauvana kI dahalIja para car3hakara hI cala basatA hai| ata: manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA jAnakara bodha ko prApta karanA cAhiye, kyoMki yaha saMsAra jvarapIr3itavat ekAnta du:khI hai| Age kI gAthAoM meM mokSavAdI kuzIloM ke mata evaM unakA khaNDana karate huye susAdhu kI caryA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ____ zAstrakAra svayUthika, AcArabhraSTa kuzIla sAdhuoM ke zithilAcAra kA nirUpaNa karate hue kahate hai, jo sAdhU gRddha, dIna-hIna banakara gharoM meM jAtA hai, bhATa-cAraNa kI taraha mukhamAMgalika (stuti, prazasti karane vAlA) banakara logoM ko prasanna karatA hai, vaha udaraMbharI sAdhu vizAlakAya suara kI taraha zIghra vinAza ko prApta hotA hai| tathA jo mAtA-pitA, putra, pazu Adi ko chor3akara svAdiSTa bhojana kI lAlasA meM gharoM kI ora daur3atA hai, auddezika Adi doSa sahita AhAra kA bhI saMcaya karake khAtA hai, kaMdamUla tathA harita Adi sacitta kA bhakSaNa karatA hai, acitta jala se snAna tathA aMgavibhUSA karatA hai, vaha sAdhu (nAmadhArI) sarvajJa vacanAnusAra zrAmaNya guNoM se kosoM dUra hai| ata: suzIla sAdhu ajJAtapiNDa se apanA nirvAha karatA huA mAnApamAna se pAra, pUjA-pratiSThA kI icchA na kre| prastuta adhyAya meM 'lasUNaM' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vRttikAra' yahA~ spaSTa kahate hai ki jo madya-mA~sa va lahasUna khAkara ke mokSa kI parikalpanA karate hai, ve mUDha samyagdarzana -jJAna-cAritra rUpa mokSa ke tathAvidha anuSThAna ke asadbhAva se cAturgatika saMsAra meM hI bhramaNa karate hai| . zAstrakAra adhyayana kA upasaMhAra karate huye kahate hai ki suzIla sAdhu pUrvokta kumatoM evaM kadAgrahoM meM na pha~satA huA, manojJa rUpa, rasa, gandha, zabda, sparza meM rAga-dveSa buddhi se mukta hokara du:khoM kI titikSA kare, kyoMki jJAna, darzana tathA cAritra meM pUrNata: jAgRta, nirbhaya tathA apratibaddha vihArI sAdhu karmazatru kA usI prakAra damana karatA hai, jisa prakAra subhaTapuruSa yuddha maidAna meM zatru kA damana karatA hai| vaha karma saMhAraka muni janma, jarA, maraNa, upAdhi rUpa saMsAra ke cakra ko usI prakAra roka detA hai, jaise gAr3I kI dhurA (akSa) TUTa jAne para gAr3I rUka jAtI hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 143

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sandarbha evaM TippaNI (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 86-87 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 153 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 88-89 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 154 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 90 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 154 (a) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/7/1-4 (ba) dasaveAliyaM, 4/9 Ti. 22-29 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/7/5-7 (a) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/7/13 (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 160 : tathA te mUDhAH madyamAMsaM lazunAdikaM ca muktvA anyatra 'mokSAdanyatra' saMsAre vAsama priklpynti| 8. vIrya adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke aSTama adhyayana kA nAma 'vIrya' hai| 'vIrya' ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hai, jaise - bala, parAkrama, zakti, sAmarthya, zakti, Atmabala, teja tathA zarIra meM sthita eka prakAra kA dhAtu aadi|' isa adhyayana ke nAma se hI spaSTa hai ki isameM sabhI prakAra kevIrya arthAt parAkrama yA bala kA varNana hai| cetana tathA acetana, vIryavAna hote hai, paraMtu dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva ke AdhAra para unameM zaktiyAM abhiyakta hotI haiM, yA nyUnAdhika hotI haiN| niyuktikAra ne vIrya zabda ke 6 nikSepa kiye hai - nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla evaM bhAva / nAma, sthApanA sahajagamya hai| dravya vIrya ke bhI tIna bheda hai - sacitta dravya vIrya, acitta dravya vIrya tathA mizra dravya vIrya / sacitta dravya vIrya ke puna: tIna bheda hai - a. dvipada - tIrthakara, cakravartI Adi kA bl| ba. catuSpada - azvaratna, hastiratna, Adi kA bala / sa. apada - gozIrSacandanAdi kA zIta-uSNakAla meM uSNa-zItavIrya prinnaam| acitta dravya vIrya bhI tIna prakAra kA hai - 144 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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a. AhAra - dUdhAdi, jisase zarIra meM sphUrti tathA zakti kA saMcAra hotA ba. AvaraNa - kavaca, DhAla Adi zastroM ke prahAra ko jhelane kI zakti AvaraNa vIrya hai| pa. prAvaraNa - zastrAstroM kI prahAra zakti prAvaraNa vIrya hai| 1. kSetra vIrya - jisa kSetra meM jo vIrya hai, jaise- devakurU Adi kSetroM meM samasta padArtha usa kSetra ke prabhAva se uttama vIryavAna hote hai| ata: vaha kSetra vIrya hai| yA jisa kSetra kA jo vIrya hai, vaha bhI kSetravIrya hai| 5. kAla vIrya - ekAnta suSamA nAmaka prathama ArA kAlavIrya hai| athavA jisa . 2 kAla meM jo-jo vastu vIrya ko bar3hAtI hai, vaha kAlavIrya hai| 6. bhAva vIrya - zakti yukta jIva kI vIrya ke viSaya meM aneka labdhiyA~ hai, jaise chAtI kA vIrya, indriya vIrya, zarIra vIrya, AdhyAtmika vIrya Adi aneka prakAra kA vIrya hotA hai| manovargaNA ke pudgaloM ko mana rUpa meM, bhASA ke pudgaloM ko bhASA rUpa meM, kAyayogya pudgaloM ko kAyA ke rUpa meM, zvAsocchvAsa yogya pudgaloM ko zvAsocchvAsa rUpa meM pariNata karanA kramaza: manovIrya, vAgvIrya, kAyavIrya, zvAsocchvAsa vIrya kahalAtA hai| ina sabhI ke sambhava va sambhAvya ye do bheda hote hai| niyuktikAra ne AdhyAtmika vIrya ke 10 prakAra batAe hai - 1. udyama - jJAnopArjana, tapazcaraNa Adi meM utsAha / 2. dhRti - saMyama meM sthira buddhi| 3. dhIratva - pariSahoM tathA upasargoM meM acala, akSobha rhnaa| 4. zauNDirya - tyAga karane kA utkaTa sAmarthya / jaise- cakravartI kA mana apane SaTkhaNDa rAjya ko chor3ate samaya bhI kampita nahIM hotaa| ApadAoM meM avissnnnntaa| 5. kSamAvIrya - anyoM ke AkrozapUrNa vyavahAra se jarA bhI kSobhita na honA / 6. gAmbhIrya - parISaha tathA upasargoM se na dbnaa| 7. upayogavIrya - ATha prakAra ke sAkAropayoga tathA ATha prakAra ke anAkAropayoga se dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva rUpa viSayoM ko sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 145

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8. yogavIrya 9. tapovIrya 10. - jAnanA / mana, vacana, kAyA ke vyApAra ko prazasta pravRtti lagAnA / 12 prakAra ke tapa meM parAkrama karanA / saMyamavIrya 17 prakAra ke saMyama pAlana meM udyata rahanA / ye sabhI AdhyAtmika bhAvavIrya hai| AdhyAtmika bhAvavIrya kA tAtparya AtmA kI Antarika zakti se utpanna sAtvika bala hai / vIryapravAda pUrva, jo ananta artha vAlA hai, usameM vIrya ke ananta prakAra batAye gaye hai / pUrvoM meM varNita jJAnarAzi ko upamA dvArA isa prakAra samajhAyA gayA hai ' - sabhI nadiyoM ke bAlu kaNoM kI jo saMkhyA hai, usase bhI bahuta adhika artha vAlA hotA hai eka pUrva / sabhI samudroM ke pAnI kA jitanA parimANa hotA hai, usase bhI adhika artha vAlA eka pUrva hotA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM uparokta AdhyAtmika bhAvavIrya 3 prakAra se vivakSita hai| paNDitavIrya, bAlapaNDitavIrya, bAlavIrya / 1. paNDitavIrya - sampUrNa saMyama kA pAlana karane vAlA / 2. bAlapaNDita vIrya - vratadhArI saMyamAsaMyamI dezavirati zrAvaka / 3. bAlavIrya - ajJAnI tapasvI / ina tInoM ko samyaktayA jAnakara sAdhu ko paNDitavIrya meM puruSArtha karanA cAhiye / ' isa adhyayana meM eka hI uddezaka hai, jo 27 gAthAoM meM nibaddha hai / parantu cUrNi meM 19vIM gAthA adhika hai / grantha ke prArambha meM hI jambU svAmI ke pUchane para sudharma gaNadhara vIrya ke svarUpa aura prakAra batAte hue kahate hai ki loka meM akarma tathA karma ye do hI vIrya ke bheda hai| karma kA artha yahA~ pramAda ke rUpa meM vivakSita hai| jo apramAdI tathA saMyama parAyaNa hai, ve akarma yAni paNDitavIrya hai| jo pramAdI evaM asaMyamI hai, ve karmavIrya yA bAlavIrya kahalAte hai / yahA~ bAlavIrya kI vizeSa vyAkhyA karate hue sUtrakAra kahate hai ki kucha loga prANiyoM kA vadha karane ke liye dhanurvidyA Adi sIkhate hai, to kucha maMtravidyA bhI par3hate hai / asaMyamI vyaktiyoM ke ye parAkrama karmavIrya yA bAlavIrya hai| kyoMki prANI ghAtaka, prANI pIr3AdAyaka, kaSAyavardhaka, zatru paramparA ke sarjaka tathA rAga-dveSavardhaka hai, jo anta meM ananta duHkha kA sparza karAne vAle hai / prasaMgavaza yahA~ 'satthaM' zabda ke niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra ne do artha i 146 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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1. zastra- jisase prANiyoM kA vadha kiyA jAtA hai, jaise- talavAra Adi / zAstra- jinase prANI ghAtaka vidyA sIkhI jAtI hai, jaise- dhanurveda se dhanuSa calAnA, Ayurveda - katipaya roga nivAraNArtha prANiyoM ke rakta, carbI Adi kA prayoga jisameM kiyA jaaye| isI prakAra artha, nIti tathA kAmazAstra ke Azraya se ajJajana pApakarma meM dakSa hokara tIvra pApa kA baMdha kate hai / " isI prakAra paMDita (akarma ) vIrya kA vivecana karate huye kahA gayA hai ki paNDita akarmavIrya sampanna puruSa samyagjJAna, darzana, cAritra ko grahaNa karake sadaiva usI meM udyama karatA hai| cU~ki samasta uccapada yathA- devendra, cakravartI Adi apane sthAnoM ko chor3akara AyukSaya hote hI maraNa ko prApta hote hai| ataH vaha sAdhaka saMsAra ko anitya, aniyata mAnatA huA anitya, azaraNAdi kI anuprekSA karatA hai| apanI sanmati se dharma ke sAra ko grahaNa kara kachue kI taraha guptendriya hotA huA samasta pApoM se virata ho jAtA hai| kaSAyamukta, nispRha, triyoga - trikaraNa se hiMsA se virata, pUrNa ni:saMga hokara apane lakSya kI ora parAkrama karatA hai / saMkSepa meM jo jIva abuddha hai, unakA azuddha parAkrama bAlavIrya hai tathA jo saMbuddha hai, unakA parAkrama paNDitavIrya hai / ata: bAlavIrya jahA~ saMsAra bar3hAtA hai, vahIM paNDitavIrya anta meM nirvANa sukha ko upalabdha hotA hai / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. sandarbha evaM TippaNI 91-95 pAiasaddamahaNNavo - pR. 184 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 165-166 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 96 (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi - pR. - 165 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 167 vahI, gA. 97 (a) vahI, gA. 98 (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 1 - - 169 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 147

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9. dharma adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke navama adhyayana kA nAma 'dharma' hai| yoM to dharma kA prasiddha artha zubha anuSThAna hai, parantu koSa meM dharma ke kaI artha batAye gaye hai- zubhakarma, kartavya, kuzala anuSThAna, sukRta, puNya, sadAcAra, svabhAva, guNa, paryAya, dharmAstikAya, dravya, maryAdA, rIti, vyavahAra Adi / ' pUrva adhyayana meM bAlavIrya tathA paNDitavIrya kA varNana kiyA gyaa| paNDitavIrya vahI sAdhaka hai, jo dharmAcaraNa meM puruSArtha karatA hai| isa prakAra yahA~ pUrvApara sambandha hai| . niyuktikAra ke kathanAnusAra isa adhyayana meM bhAvadharma kA adhikAra hai| jo durgati meM jAte huye jIva ko bacAtA hai, vaha dharma hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra meM bhI isI dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yahI bhAvasamAdhi hai aura yahI bhAvamArga hai| bhAvadharma ke do bheda hai- zrutadharma tathA caaritrdhrm| dazavidha cAritradharma hI bhAvadharma hai| ina guNoM kI hRdaya meM samyak sthApanA bhAvasamAdhi hai tathA samyak jJAna, darzana, cAritra rUpa muktimArga hI bhAva mArga hai|2|| dharma ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya tathA bhAva cAra nikSepa hote hai| nAma tathA sthApanA sugama hai| dravya dharma tIna prakAra kA hai - (a) sacitta dravyadharma - sacitta arthAt cetanA kA dharma upayoga rUpa hai| (ba) acitta dravyadharma - dharmAstikAyAdi dravyoM kA apanA-apanA svbhaav| (sa) mizra dravyadharma - dUdha aura jala Adi kA apanA jo svabhAva hai| bhAvadharma do prakAra kA hai - laukika tathA lokottara / puna: laukika dharma do prakAra kA hai, eka gRhasthoM kA tathA dUsarA pASaNDiyoM kaa| lokottara dharma jJAna, darzana, cAritra ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai| matyAdi kI apekSA se jJAna pA~ca prakAra kA hai| aupazamikAdi pA~cabheda vAlA darzana hai| tathA sAmAyikAdi bheda se cAritra ke bhI pA~ca prakAra hai| prastuta adhyayana meM eka hI uddezaka hai, jisameM 36 gAthAe~ nibaddha hai| isameM jJAna, darzana tathA cAritra yukta sAdhuoM ke lie bhAvadharma kA kathana karate huye kahate hai ki prajJAvAn sAdhu SaTjIvanikAya ke jIvoM kI ahiMsA kare, niravadya vacana, acaurya, brahma, tathA aparigraha ina paMca mahAvratoM kA vizuddha pAlana kare, cAroM kaSAyoM kA tyAga kre|. . zarIra sajjA ke liye hAtha-paira prakSAlana, vastrAdi raMjana, virecana, vamana, 148 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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aMjana, zrRMgAra, danta prakSAlana, gandha, mAlya, snAna Adi ko karmabaMdha kA kAraNa jAnakara tyAga kre| sAdhu auddezika, krIta ( kharIdA huA), prAmitya (udhAra liyA huA), AhRta (sAmane lAyA huA), pUti karma ( AdhAkarmI AhAra se mizrita), tathA anaiSaNIya AhAra ko saMyama kA vighAtaka mAnakara usakA bhakSaNa na kare / asaMyamiyoM se ati saMsarga, sAMsArika vArtAlApa, jyotiSa sambandhI praznottara, juA - zataraMja Adi khelanA, jUte chAte dhAraNa karanA, paMkhe se havA jhalanA Adi ko saMsAra vRddhi kA kAraNa jAnakara susaMyata sAdhu ina doSoM meM ulajhakara saMyama ko dUSita na kare tathA gRhastha se kuzala pRcchA bhI na kare / isa adhyayana meM mUlaguNa tathA uttaraguNoM ke pazcAt bhASA samiti tathA vacana samiti ke sUtroM kA ullekha hai / sAdhu jahA~ AvazyakatA ho, vahIM nirdoSa aura niravadya vacana bole / marmasparzI, tuccha, apriya sambodhanavAlI, jIva vighAtinI, amanojJa satya bhASA kA prayoga na kre| ratnAdhika sAdhu ke bolane para apanA pANDitya pradarzana karane hetu bIca -2 meM na bole| isa prakAra jo sAdhu apanI sumati se prekSA karane ke pazcAt vacanoccAra karatA hai, vaha 'bhAsamANo na bhAsejjA' arthAt bolatA huA bhI mauna hI hai arthAt vacana gupti se yukta hai| isa prakAra mahAmuni, anantajJAnI, anantadarzI bhagavAna mahAvIra ne apane anubhava se isa AcAra zAstra rUpa lokottara dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ke isa adhyayana meM cUrNi kI vAcanA ke anusAra 37 gAthAe~ hai jabaki vRtti anusAra gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 36 hI hai / cUrNi tathA vRtti kI dRSTi se gAthAoM kI vAcanA meM bhI kAphI bheda hai| saMkSepa meM yaha adhyayana sAdhu ko anAcaraNIya pravRttiyoM tathA dUSaNoM kA tyAgakara saMyama ko bhUSita karane vAle bhAvadharma kA samyaktayA pAlana karane kA sandeza detA hai| 1. 2. 3. sandarbha evaM TippaNI - 485 pAI asaddamahaNNavo - pR. (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 176 99 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 100/101 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 176-177 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 149

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10. samAdhi adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke dazama adhyayana kA nAma samAdhi hai / 'samAdhi' zabda citta kI svasthatA, sAtvika sukha-zAnti, santuSTi, manodazA kA abhAva, Ananda, pramoda, zubhadhyAna, citta kI ekAgratA rUpa dhyAnAvasthA, samatA, rAgAdi se nivRtti, AtmaprasannatA Adi arthoM meM prayukta hai / ' vRttikAra ne samAdhi kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai - jisa dharma, dhyAna, zruta, AcAra Adi kI sAdhanA dvArA AtmA ko mokSamArga meM samyaktayA prasthApita yA vyavasthApita kiyA jAtA hai, vaha samAdhi hai / ' pUrvokta 'dharma' kI sAdhanA tabhI kI jA sakatI hai, jaba AtmA meM prasannatA tathA citta meM avikala samAdhi ho| isI kAraNa dharma ke pazcAt prastuta adhyayana meM samAdhi kA adhikAra vivakSita kiyA gayA hai| 1. nAma samAdhi- kisI kA nAma samAdhi rakhanA, nAma samAdhi hai / 2. sthApanA samAdhi - kisI vastu meM samAdhi sthApanA karanA, sthApanA samAdhi hai / 3. dravya samAdhi - cAra prakAra kI hai (a) pA~coM indriyoM ke manojJa viSayoM meM honevAlI tuSTi / (ba) paraspara avirodhI do dravyoM yA aneka dravyoM ke sammizraNa se rasopaghAta ( vikRta) na hokara jo rasapuSTi hotI hai / (sa) jisa dravya ke khAne yA pIne se jo samAdhi hotI hai / - (da) tulA para rakhe gaye dravya se palar3A jaba samAnatA ko prApta ho / ina cAroM prakAroM se dravya samAdhi hotI hai / 4. kSetra samAdhi jIva ko samAdhi prApta ho, vaha kSetra samAdhi hai / 5. kAla samAdhi jisa kAla meM jisa jIva ko samAdhi ho, vaha usake liye kAla samAdhi hai / jaise- zarad Rtu meM gAya, rAtri meM ullU tathA dina meM kaue ko samAdhi kA anubhava hotA hai| 6. bhAvasamAdhi - bhAvasamAdhi darzana, jJAna, cAritra tathA tapa ke bheda se cAra prakAra kI hai| jisane samyak cAritra meM apane Apako pUrNatayA sthApita kara diyA hai, vaha cAroM bhAva samAdhiyoM se yukta samAhitAtmA kahalAtA hai / - kSetra kI pradhAnatA se athavA jisa kSetra meM rahane se 150 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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jJAna samAdhi ke kAraNa sAdhaka jyoM-jyoM naye zruta aura zAstra kA avagAhana karatA hai, tyoM-tyoM zraddhA se parama AlhAdita hotA huA vaha jJAna rUpa bhAvasamAdhi meM sthitaprajJa ho jAtA hai| jo sAdhaka darzana samAdhi meM sthita hai, vaha jina vacanoM se AplAvita, bhAvita anta:karaNa vAlA nirvAta sthAna meM sthita dIpaka ke samAna kubuddhi rUpI vAyu se bhramita nahIM hotaa| ___cAritra samAdhi meM sthita muni viSayasukha se nispRha hone se niSkiMcana bhAva se paramasamAdhi ko upalabdha hotA hai| isI prakAra utkRSTa tapa se muni ko na glAni hotI hai, na kSudhA, tRSA Adi parISaha udvigna karate hai| isa prakAra ina caturvidha samAdhi se yukta muni samyak cAritra meM sthita hotA hai| ___ dazavaikAlika sUtra meM vinaya samAdhi, zruta samAdhi, tapa: samAdhi aura AcAra samAdhi- ina caturvidha samAdhiyoM kA varNana hai|' sandarbha evaM TippaNI pAiasaddamahaNNavo pR. - 870 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 186 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 103-106 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 186-187 dazavaikAlika sUtra., 9/4 11. mArga adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke ekAdaza adhyayana kA nAma 'mArga' hai| mArga zabda kA sAmAnya artha patha athavA rAstA hai| parantu isa adhyayana meM usa mArga kI vivakSA kI gayI hai, jisa para gatimAna hokara sAdhaka mokSarUpI maMjila ko prApta karatA niyuktikAra ne mArga zabda ke 6 nikSepa kiye hai - nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhaav| nAma - sthApanA sugama hai| dravya mArga ke caudaha prakAra hai - 1. phalaka mArga - takhte bichAkara banAyA huA raastaa| 2. latA mArga - bela kI taraha pakar3akara pAra kiyA jAne vAlA raastaa| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 151

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3. Andolana mArga - jise jhUle meM baiThakara pAra kiyA jaaye| vyakti jhule ke sahAre eka pahAr3a se dUsare pahAr3a para pahu~ca jaataa| 4. vetra mArga - beMta kI latA ko pakar3akara pAra kiyA jAne vAlA nadI maarg| 5. rajju mArga - rassI ke sahAre eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna taka pahuMcane kA maarg| 6. davana mArga - davana arthAt vAhana / unake Ane-jAne kA mArga / 7. bila mArga - . guphA ke AkAra vAle maarg| 8. pAza mArga - jisameM vyakti apanI kamara ko rajju se bA~dhakara rajju ke sahAre Age bar3hatA / svarNa kI khadAna meM rajju ke sahAre hI utaratA aura puna: bAhara aataa| 9. kIlaka mArga - jahA~ sthAna-2 para khambhe banAye jAte aura pathika unhIM ke sahAre Age bddh'taa| 10. ajA mArga - jisameM se kevala bakarI nikala sake, itanI saMkarI pgddNddii| 11. pakSipatha - AkAza mArga jisase bhAraNDa Adi vizAlakAya pakSiyoM ke sahAre isa mArga kA yAtAyAta hotA thaa| 12. chatra mArga - jahA~ chatra ke binA AnA-jAnA nirApada na ho| 13. jala mArga - naukA, jahAja Adi se yAtAyAta karane kA maarg| 14. AkAza mArga - devapatha, jo cAraNalabdhi sampanna muniyoM, vidyAdharoM tathA maMtravidoM ke Ane-jAne kA mArga ho| ye sabhI dravyamArga hai| kSetramArga - jisa kSetra meM jo mArga hai, vaha kSetramArga hai| kAlamArga - jisa kAla meM jo mArga hai, vaha kAlamArga hai| bhAva mArga - jisase AtmA ko samAdhi tathA zAnti mile, vaha bhAva mArga hai| bhAvamArga prazasta tathA aprazasta bheda se do prakAra kA hai| ye donoM hI puna: tIna-tIna bheda vAle hai| samyak darzana-jJAna-cAritra rUpa bhAvamArga prazasta hai| mithyAtva-avirati-ajJAna rUpa bhAvamArga aprazasta hai| prazasta bhAvamArga sugati phalapradAyaka hai, jabaki aprazasta bhAvamArga durgati phala kA dene vAlA hai|' . prastuta adhyayana meM sugatidAyaka prazasta bhAvamArga kA hI nirUpaNa hai| durgati phaladAyaka aprazasta bhAvamArga kI prarUpaNA karane vAle 363 prAvAdukoM (pAkhaNDI) 152 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kA varNana bArahaveM samavasaraNa adhyayana meM kiyA jaayegaa| niyuktikAra ne dravyamArga ke cAra anya vikalpa prastuta kiye hai| 1. kSema-kSema rUpa - siMha, cora Adi ke upadrava se rahita tathA vRkSAdi se aacchnn| 2. kSema-akSema rUpa - uparokta upadravoM se rahita parantu patharIlA, kaNTakAkIrNa maarg| 3. akSema-kSema rUpa - uparokta upadrava se vyApta parantu jalAzaya, phala phUla-chAyA se yukt| 4. akSema-akSema rUpa - siMhAdi upadrava se yukta tathA patharIlA aura ubar3a-khAbar3a maarg| bhAvamArga ke bhI cAra vikalpa hote hai| ye cAroM bhaMga sAdhaka kI dRSTi se ghaTita hote hai 1. kSema-kSema rUpa - jo sAdhaka (Antarika) saMyama ke guNa tathA jJAnAdi se yukta hai tathA (bAhya) dravya liMga se bhI yukta hai| 2. kSema-akSema rUpa - jo sAdhaka saMyamI guNoM se to yukta hai para dravyaliMga se rahita hai| 3. akSema-kSema rUpa - jo sAdhaka jJAna tathA saMyama guNoM se ayukta hai para dravyaliMga sahita hai - jaise nihnv| 4. akSema-akSema rUpa - paratIrthika tathA gRhsth| prathama vikalpa rUpa prazasta bhAvamArga hI sAdhaka ke liye upAdeya hai| yaha prazasta mArga cUMki tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM dvArA praNIta evaM yathArtha vastu svarUpa kA pratipAdaka hai, ata: yahI satya yA samyagmArga hai| isake viparIta caraka, parivrAjakoM dvArA AcIrNa mArga ajJAnamUlaka hone se mithyA evaM aprazasta hai| isI prakAra SaTjIvanikAya kA ghAta karane vAlA, Rddhi, rasa tathA zAtA rUpa gAravatraya kA sevana karane vAlA, AdhAkarmI AhArabhojI, svayUthika, pArzvastha sAdhu bhI kumArga para hI hai| parantu jo dvAdazavidha tapa, satrahavidha saMyama, aSTAdazasahasra zIla ke bheda tathA navatattva se yukta hai, vaha mArga maMgalakArI, kSemakArI, AtmahitakArI hone se prazasta bhAvamArga hai| niyuktikAra ne isa prazasta bhAvamArga ke ekArthaka 13 zabdoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - paMtha, mArga, nyAya, vidhi, dhRti, sugati, hita, sukha, sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 153

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pathya, zreya, nivRtti, nirvANa tathA shivkr| prastuta adhyayana uddezaka rahita 38 gAthAoM meM nibaddha hai| .. prArambha meM sAdhaka dvArA yaha pUchA gayA hai ki kauna-sA mArga satya tathA zreSTha hai ? sUtrakAra sAdhaka kI jijJAsA ko samAhita karate huye kahate hai- jo SaTjIvanikAya kI ahiMsA se yukta hai, vahI mArga zreSTha aura sukhakArI hai| kyoMki jagata ke samasta jIva isa SaTjIva nikAya meM samAhita ho jAte hai| ina samasta prANiyoM ko, cAhe ve sUkSma ho yA bAdara, cara ho yA acara ho, laghukAya ho yA vizAlakAya, 'savve akaMtadukkhA ya' sabhI ko du:kha akAnta yAni apriya hai| ata: mokSAbhilASI sAdhaka ko ina samasta jIvoM kI hiMsA se virata honA caahiye| isI ke dvArA parama zAntimaya nirvANa kI prApti kahI gayI hai| sUtrakAra ne pichale adhyayanoM meM bhI yahI bAta kahI hai| AcArAMga ke prathama zastra parijJA adhyayana meM vistAra se SaTjIvanikAya kI ahiMsA kA pratipAdana hai| ina jIvoM kI puna:-2 ahiMsA kA kathana isa bAta para bala detA hai ki sAdhaka ke paMcamahAvratoM meM ahiMsA vrata sarvazreSTha hai, para isaliye nahIM ki sAdhaka ko sarvaprathama ahiMsA mahAvrata dhAraNa karavAyA jAtA hai| balki isaliye ki ahiMsA hI anya mahAvratoM kA prANa hai, AdhAra staMbha hai| jahA~ ahiMsA mahAvrata rUpI nIMva kamajora ho jAtI hai, vahA~ anya cAra mahAvrata rUpI staMbhoM para TikA saMyama rUpI bhavana anukUla yA pratikUla upasarga rUpI halke se tUphAna ke Ate hI caramarAkara Dhaha jAtA hai| ata: jahA~ ahiMsA hai, vahI satya hai, acaurya hai, brahma tathA aparigraha hai| vartamAna meM caturtha brahmacarya mahAvrata ko zreSTha batAkara anya cAra mahAvratoM ko gauNa tathA upekSita kiyA jA rahA hai, jo jaina samAja ke liye bahuta hI ghAtaka siddha huA hai| ___ yadi eka mahAvrata kI hI pAlanA zreSTha hotI, to zramaNa mahAvIra dvArA paMcamahAvratoM kI sthApanA nahIM kI jAtI aura na hI pA~coM ke niraticAra pAlana kI bAta kahI jaatii| ata: jo sAdhaka eka bhI mahAvrata se cyuta hai athavA mAtra eka hI (caturtha) mahAvrata se yukta hai, vaha mokSa kA pathika nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sarvajJa mahApuruSoM dvArA sarvatra ahiMsA kI punarUkti bhI yahI pramANita karatI hai ki unhoMne bhaviSya ke doSoM kA sAkSAt darzana tathA Akalana karate huye hI isa bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA hogaa| zAstrakAra Age kI gAthAoM meM bhASA samiti ke kucha sUtroM kA ullekha 154 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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karate huye kahate hai ki zrAvaka ke svAmitva vAle sthAnoM meM ThaharA huA sAdhu zrAvakoM ke hiMsAjanita dAnAdi kAryoM kI anumodanA na kre| jaba kisI zraddhAlu dvArA zubhabhAvanA se (sacitta padArthoM ke Arambha - samArambha hone se ) dAnAdi diyA jAtA hai, to sAdhu use 'atthitti No vae Natthiti No vae' puNya yA pApa na kahe / kyoMki yadi vaha use puNya kahatA hai to (Arambha - samArambha karate samaya niSpanna hiMsA) prANIvadha kA anumodana karatA hai aura yadi vaha use pApa kahatA hai, to jinheM vaha tathAvidha (Arambha se banAyA gayA) dAna diyA jAtA hai, unakI vRttichedana dvArA antarAya kA bhAgI hotA hai| ataH mokSAbhilASI sAdhaka sarvathA mauna yA taTastha rahe / " tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa dAnAdi zubha kriyA ke pIche kisI prakAra kI hiMsA na ho aisI acitta, Arambha rahita, aprAsuka vastu kA dAna yadi zubha bhAvoM se bhAvita hokara koI karatA hai, to sAdhu use avazya puNya kaha sakatA hai| prANiyoM kI surakSA ke liye anukampA buddhi se diye jAne vAle dAna kA niSedha kadApi nahIM ho sakatA / bhagavatI sUtra kI TIkA meM bhI yaha spaSTa kahA hai ki anukampAdAna kA niSedha tIrthaMkaroM ne kadApi nahIM kiyA hai|' isa kathana dvArA yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki sAdhu Arambha rahita athavA niravadya dayA kA upadeza yA mArgadarzana kara sakatA hai| Age kI gAthAoM meM saMyama, sadAcAra, AhAra zuddhi kI bAta kahI gayI hai, jisake AcaraNa dvArA sAdhaka bhAvamArga para uttarottara gatimAna rahatA hai / parantu jo durbuddhi vyakti hote hai, ve zuddha mArga kI upekSA karake usI prakAra mahAsamudra rUpI saMsAra meM bhaTaka jAte hai, jisa prakAra chidra vAlI nAva para savAra hokara janmAndha puruSa DUbatA hai| isa prakAra bhagavAna dvArA pratipAdita jJAna, darzana, cAritra, taparUpa bhAvamArga meM sumeranagarIvat nizcala sAdhu hI apane lakSya ko prApta karatA hai / 1. 2. 3. sandarbha evaM TippaNI 107 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 196 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 109-110 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 111 - - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 155

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4. 5. 6. 7. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 115 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/11/7-11 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/11/16-21 bhagavatI sUtra - 2108/ udde - 6 / sU. 331 kI TIkA 12. samavasaraNa adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke dvAdaza adhyayana kA nAma samavasaraNa hai| yahA~ samavasaraNa kA artha devakRta samavasaraNa yA samosaraNa (tIrthaMkara kI 12 parSadA rUpa dharmasabhA) nahIM hai| samavasaraNa zabda ke paryAyavAcI kucha zabda hai', jaise- ekatra, milana, melA, samudAya, sAdhu samudAya, viziSTa avasaroM para aneka sAdhuoM ke ekatrita hone kA sthAna, tIrthaMkara kI parISada, dharma- vicAra, Agama-vicAra, Agamana Adi / niyuktikAra ne' samavasaraNa kA artha 'samyak ekIbhAva se eka jagaha ekatra honA' kiyA hai| sammelana, saMgama athavA milana honA samavasaraNa hai / vRttikAra ne bhI isI artha kA samarthana kiyA hai| cUrNikAra' ke anusAra jahA~ aneka dRSTiyoM yA darzanoM kA milana hotA hai, use samavasaraNa kahate hai / samavasaraNa zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra hai- sam tathA av upasarga pUrvaka sR dhAtu ko bhAvavAcaka saMjJA ke liye prayukta lyuT (anaT) pratyaya lagane para 'samavasaraNa' zabda siddha hotA hai, jisakA artha hai - samyaktayA eka sthAna para ekatra honA / niyuktikAra ne samavasaraNa ke bhI nAmAdi 6 nikSepa kiye hai| nAma, sthApanA sugama hai / dravya samavasaraNa ke sacitta, acitta tathA mizra kI apekSA se tIna bheda hai 1. sacitta-dravyasamavasaraNa - isake bhI tIna bheda hai - dvipada, catuSpada aura apada / (a) jahA~ tIrthaMkaroM ke janma, dIkSA ke pradeza vizeSa meM sAdhu Adi kA milApa ho, vaha (tIrtha pradeza) dvipada dravya samavasaraNa hai / (ba) jahA~ gAya Adi catuSpada prANI pAnI pIne ke sthAna para ekatra hote ho, vaha catuSpada dravya samavasaraNa hai| * (sa) apada (vRkSAdi) kA svataH samavasaraNa nahIM hotA / acitta-dravyasamavasaraNa - lohA, sUkhI lakar3I Adi acitta padArthoM 2. 156 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kA ekatra honA yA dvayaNukoM kA sammilana acitta dravya samaravasaraNa hai| mizra-dravyasamavasaraNa - senAdi kA ekatra honaa| kSetra-samavasaraNa- paramArthata: nahIM hotA hai parantu vivakSA se jahA~ pazuoM tathA manuSyoM kA melA lagatA hai athavA jahA~ samavasaraNa kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai, vaha kSetrasamavasaraNa hai| kAla-samavasaraNa - jisa kAla meM jo samavasaraNa hotA hai, vaha kAlasamavasaraNa samajhanA caahiye| bhAva-samavasaraNa - jahA~ audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazamika, pAriNAmika tathA sannipAtika ina cha: bhAvoM kA saMyoga hotA hai| niyuktikAra ne prakArAntara se bhI bhAvasamavasaraNa ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| 'jIvAdi padArtha hai' aisA mAnane vAle kriyAvAdI, isake viparIta 'jIvAdi padArtha nahIM hai' aisI mAnyatA vAle akriyAvAdI, jo jJAna ko nahIM mAnate, ve ajJAnavAdI tathA vinaya se hI mokSa kI prApti mAnane vAle vinayavAdI- ina cAroM vAdoM kA bheda-prabheda sahita AkSepa karake vikSepa karanA arthAt inakI bhUloM ko nikAlakara sumArga kA pratiSThApana karanA bhAvasamavasaraNa hai|' prastuta adhyayana meM jIva, jagata tathA Izvara ke sambandha meM apanI vibhinna dhAraNAe~ sthApita karane vAle samasta dArzanika matoM ko apane meM samAhita karane vAle uparokta cAra vAdoM kA vistAra se varNana hai| samasta darzanoM kI vibhinna mAnyatAe~ hai tathA ve apane-apane matAnusAra AtmAdi padArthoM kI siddhi karate hai| prastuta adhyayana meM uparokta cAra prakAra ke vargIkaraNa meM unheM samAviSTa karake cAroM ko hI mithyAdRSTi tathA unake mata ko mithyAmata kahA gayA hai| kyoMki ye sabhI ekAnta rUpa se vastu tattva kA nirUpaNa karate hai, jo matAgraha hI hai| kriyAvAdI ekAnta rUpa se jIvAdi padArthoM kA astitva svIkAra karate hai ki jIvAdi padArtha hai hii| yahA~ 'hI' para bala dekara jaba jIva kI ekAnta sattA ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, taba usake kathaMcit nAstitva kA kathana nahIM kiyA jA sakatA arthAt yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha saba prakAra se hai, kintu yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha kisI apekSA se nahIM bhI hai| aisI sthiti meM jIva jaise apane svarUpa se sat hai, usI prakAra dUsare (ghaTapaTAdi) rUpa se bhI sat hone lgegaa| aisA hone para jagata ke samasta padArtha eka hone kA doSa A sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 157

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pdd'egaa| unameM koI bheda na hone se sampUrNa jagata anekarUpa na hokara abheda ho jaayegaa| parantu aisA nahIM hai| jagata ke samasta padArtha vibhinna rUpa meM dikhAyI dete hai| ata: unakA kathana pratyakSa virUddha hone se abhISTa nahIM hai| kyoMki yaha ekAntavAda hai, isaliye sUtrakAra ne ise mithyAdarzana kahA hai| isI prakAra jo akriyAvAdI hai, ve 'jIvAdi padArtha sarvathA nahIM hai' isa prakAra kI prarUpaNA karate hai| yaha kathana bhI cU~ki ekAnta hai, ata: asatya hone se mithyAdarzana hI hai| kyoMki ekAnta rUpa se jIva kA niSedha kiyA jAya to koI niSedhakartA na hone se 'jIva nahIM hai' aisA niSedha bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| taba 'jIva nahIM hai' isake asiddha hone se samasta padArthoM kA astitva svata: siddha ho jAtA hai| kriyAvAdI karmaphala, AtmA Adi mAnate hai, jabaki akriyAvAdI, AtmA, karmaphala Adi kA astitva nahIM maante| jJAna ko na mAnane vAle ajJAnavAdI hai| inake anusAra ajJAna hI zreSThatama hai| isa zreSThatA ko siddha karane ke liye ve pramANa kA sahArA lete hai| isa prakAra svayaM ke mata kA khuda hI khaNDana karate hai| kevala vinaya ko mAnane vAle vinayavAdI hai| ye loga kisI bhI mata kI nindA nahIM karate apitu samasta prANiyoM kA vinayapUrvaka Adara karate hai| vinayavAdI gadhe se lekara gAya taka, cANDAla se lekara brAhmaNa taka tathA samasta jalajara, sthalacara, khecara prANiyoM ko namaskAra karate hai| yahI unakA vinayavAda hai, jisake dvArA ve mokSa kI prApti mAnate hai| parantu jJAna aura kriyA ke abhAva meM mokSa kI prApti asambhava hai, ata: yaha bhI ajJAnapUrNa hone se mithyA hI hai| yahA~ niyuktikAra ne kriyAvAda ke 180, akriyAvAda ke 84, ajJAnavAda ke 67 tathA vinayavAda ke 32 bhedoM kA nirdeza mAtra kiyA gayA hai parantu vRttikAra ne ina bhedoM kI gaNanA prastuta kI hai, jo isa prakAra hai - 1. kriyAvAdiyoM ke 180 bheda jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ina nau tattvoM ke svata: tathA parata: kI apekSA se 18 bheda hote hai| ina 18 bhedoM ke nitya tathA anitya kI apekSA se chattIsa bheda hote hai| chattIsa ko kAla, svabhAva, niyati, Izvara aura AtmA kI apekSA se vargIkRta karane para (36x5) 180 bheda hote hai| 158 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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2. akriyAvAdiyoM ke 84 bheda __jIva, ajIva, Azrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokSa ke svata: aura parata: kI apekSA se 14 bheda tathA inheM kAla, yadRcchA, niyati, svabhAva, Izvara aura AtmA kI apekSA se vargIkRta karane para (14x6) 84 bheda hote hai| 3. ajJAnavAdiyoM ke 67 bheda / jIvAdi nau padArthoM kA sat, asat, sat-asat, avaktavya, sadavaktavya, asadavaktavya, sadasadavaktavya ina sAta padoM kI apekSA se vibhAjana karane para (9x7) 63 bheda hote hai| zeSa cAra bheda isa prakAra hai - 1. sat padArtha kI utpatti kauna jAnatA hai aura jAnane se lAbha hai ? isI prakAra asat, sadasat tathA avyaktavya ke sambandha meM jAnanA caahiye| isa prakAra 63+4=67 bheda ajJAnavAdiyoM ke hai| 4. vinayavAdiyoM ke 32 bheda devatA, rAjA, yati, jJAti, vRddha, adhama, mAtA tathA pitA ina AThoM meM pratyeka kA mana, vacana, kAyA aura dAna ina cAroM apekSA se vinaya karanA caahiye| ye (8x4) 32. bheda vinayavAdiyoM ke hai| isa adhyayana kI upayogitA batAte huye niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra kahate hai ki isa adhyayana meM pUrvokta matavAdiyoM ke dvArA svecchA se svIkRta matoM kA pratipAdana gaNadharoM ne isaliye kiyA hai ki unake mata meM jo satya tathya yA paramArtha hai, usakA nirNaya ho ske| isIliye prastuta adhyayana ko samavasaraNa nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isa samasta vAdoM kA samanvayapUrvaka saMgama hI isa adhyayana kA uddezya hai| . ina vAdoM meM se kriyAvAdI jIva ko 180 bhedoM dvArA ekAnta rUpa se sat hI mAnate hai| tathA kAla, svabhAva Adi pA~coM vAdI bhI ekamAtra apane-apane kAla Adi vAda ko hI yathArtha mAnate haiN| isaliye ye mithyAdRSTi hI hai| ye kriyAvAdI yadi jIva ko kathaMcita rUpa se sat mAne tathA kAla Adi pA~coM kAraNoM ko mAnanevAle bhI sirpha eka ko na mAnakara pA~coM kAraNoM ko samavAya rUpa mAne to ye samyagdRSTi kahe jA sakate hai, kyoMki ekAntata: vastu ke sampUrNa svarUpa kA kathana nahIM ho sktaa| yadi ina pA~coM vAdoM ke samUhoM ko kAraNa rUpa meM mAne * to hI vastu ke satya svarUpa kA kathana sambhava hai aura yahI samyagdarzana hai| / zeSa tInoM vAda ekAntavAdI hone se mithyAdRSTi hai| parantu ina tInoM ko sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 159

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bhI sApekSa rUpa se svIkAranA arthAt kathaMcita ajJAna, akriyA tathA vinaya kA astitva mAnanA samyaka hai, parantu anya apekSA se unakA nAstitva mAnanA ucita hai| isa anekAnta dRSTi se mAnane para ye tInoM vAda bhI samyak ho sakate hai|' prastuta adhyayana uddezaka rahita 22 gAthAoM meM guMphita hai, jisameM inhIM vAdoM kI vivakSA tathA samIkSA kI gayI hai| isakA vistRta vizleSaNa Age kiyA jaayegaa| ina cAroM vAdoM kA nirasana karate huye zAstrakAra ne antima gAthAoM meM samyak kriyAvAda kI sthApanA kI hai, jo anekAntavAda kA hI svarUpa hai| isa prakAra ekAnta Agraha ke khaNDana svarUpa jo niSkarSa nikalatA hai, vahI anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda kA siddhAnta hai, vahI jaina darzana kA hArda hai| . upAntya kI gAthA dvaya meM batAyA gayA hai ki jo AtmA tathA loka ko jAnatA hai, jo jIvoM kI gati-Agati ko jAnatA hai, isI prakAra jo zAzvata (mokSa) azAzvata (saMsAra) ko evaM prANiyoM ke nAnAvidha gatiyoM ke gamana ko jAnatA hai, jo naraka kI vividha prakAra kI pIr3AoM ko, Azrava tathA saMvara, nirjarA evaMdu:kha ko jAnatA hai, vastuta: vahI samyak kriyAvAdI kriyAvAda ko samyaktayA batA sakatA hai| ina gAthAoM meM nava tattvoM kI bhI prarUpaNA kI gayI hai| jo nau tattvoM ko ThIka-ThIka jAnatA hai, vahI samyakriyAvAdI hai| bhagavatI sUtra ke tIsaveM zataka kA nAma bhI 'samavasaraNa' hai| isameM bhI kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, vinayavAdI tathA ajJAnavAdI kI apekSA se samasta jIvoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jo jIva zuklalezyA vAle hai, ve cAra prakAra ke hai| lezyArahita jIva kevala kriyAvAdI hai| kRSNalezyA vAle jIva kriyAvAdI ke atirikta tInoM prakAra ke hai| nArakI cAroM prakAra ke jIva hai| pRthvIkAyika kevala akriyAvAdI tathA ajJAnavAdI hai| isI prakAra samasta ekendriya tathA vikalendriya ke viSaya meM samajhanA caahie| manuSya evaM deva cAra prakAra ke hai| ye cAroM bhavasiddhika hai yA abhavasiddhika, isakI bhI carcA kI gayI hai| isa zataka meM gyAraha uddezaka hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI 1. pAiasaddamahaNNavo - pR. - 876 2. (a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 120 (ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 209 , 160 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 256 : samavasaranti jesu darisaNANi diTThIo yA tANi samosaraNANi - 1 (a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 116/117 (ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 207/208 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 18 (a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 119 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 209-210 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 121 13. yAthAtathya adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke trayodaza adhyayana kA nAma 'yAthAtathya' hai| yAthAtathya zabda 'Ahattahiya' kA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa hai, jisakA artha hai - yathArtha, vAstavika, paramArtha, jaisA hai vaisA / isa adhyayana kI prathama tathA antima gAthA meM Ahattahiya' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| yathAtathA zabda meM bhAva pratyaya lagakara yAthAtathya zabda banatA hai| niyuktikAra' ne 'yathA' ko chor3akara 'tathA' zabda kA hI nikSepa kiyA hai| cU~ki jo yathAtathya hai, vahI tathya hai athavA jo vastu kA vAstavika svarUpa hai, vahI tathya hai athavA jo vastu jaisI hai, use vaisI hI kahanA tathya hai| yAthAtathya kA bhI yahI artha hai| isa dRSTi se tathya zabda ke cAra nikSepa hote haiN| nAma sthApanA sugama hai| sacittAdi padArthoM meM jisa padArtha kA jo svarUpa hai, vaha dravya tathya hai, jaise- upayoga jIva kA, kaThinatA pRthvI kA, dravatva jala kA lakSaNa hai| isI prakAra candana kambala ratnAdi kA jo svabhAva hai, use dravya tathya kahate hai| bhAvatathya 6 prakAra kA hai - 1. audayika - jo bhAva karmoM ke udaya se utpanna hotA hai, vaha audayika bhAva hai| jaise gati Adi kA anubhava karanA audayika bhAva hai| 2. aupazamika - jo bhAva karmoM ke upazama se utpanna hotA hai, vaha aupazamika bhAva hai| jaise karmoM kA anudaya honaa| 3. kSAyika - jo bhAva karmoM ke kSaya se utpanna hotA hai| 4. kSAyopAzamika - jo bhAva karmoM ke aMzata: kSaya tathA upazama se utpanna hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 161

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jo bhAva pariNAma se utpanna hotA hai, jaise jIvatva, ajIvatva, bhavyatva Adi / uparokta pA~coM bhAvoM meM se 2/3 Adi ke saMyoga se utpanna bhAva sAnnipAtika kahalAtA hai / athavA AtmA ke bhItara rahane vAlA bhAvatathya cAra prakAra kA hai matyAdi pA~ca prakAra se jo vastu jaisI hai, use usI taraha samajhanA / zaMkAdi aticAroM se rahita jIvAdi tattvoM para zraddhA 5. pAriNAmika 6. sannipAtika 1. jJAnatathya 2. darzanatathya - 3. cAritratathya - kA samyaktayA pAlana karanA / jJAna, darzana, cAritra tathA upacAra rUpa se 42 prakAra ke vinaya kI yathAyogya ArAdhanA - sAdhanA karanA / athavA prazasta evaM aprazasta bheda se bhAvatathya do prakAra kA hai| 1. jaisA sUtra, vaisA hI artha aura vaisA hI AcaraNa - yaha prazasta bhAvatathya hai| 2. vaisA na ho to vaha aprazasta bhAvatathya hai| 4. vinayatathya - karanA / bAraha prakAra ke tapa tathA sataraha prakAra ke saMyama prastuta adhyayana meM prazasta bhAvatathya kA adhikAra hai| niyuktikAra ' ke anusAra prazasta bhAvatathya kA artha hai - jisa paddhati se sUtra banAye gaye hai, unakI usI taraha se vyAkhyA karanA tathA anuSThAna karanA / arthAt jaisA sUtra hai, usI prakAra kA AcaraNa ho / vahI anuSThAna karane yogya hai, usI ko yAthAtathya kahate hai / isake viparIta yadi sUtra kA artha tathA vyAkhyA samucita na kI jAye tathA tadanusAra AcaraNa na kiyA jAye athavA use svamati se saMsAra kA kAraNa mAnakara nindA kI jAye, to vaha yAthAtathya nahIM hai / sudharmA svAmI Adi AcAryoM kI paramparA se jisa sUtra kA sarvajJa kathita jo artha phalita hotA hai, use usI svarUpa meM saralatA tathA jijJAsA vRtti se svIkAranA yAthAtathya hai, parantu isake viparIta paramparAgata sUtra kA viparIta artha kara apane jJAnamada ke dvArA kutarka lagAkara kapola kalpita yA vikRta artha yA vyAkhyA karanA ayAthAtathya hai / prastuta adhyayana meM 23 gAthAe~ hai, jisameM sAdhuoM tathA kusAdhuoM ke yAthAtathya kA nirUpaNa karate huye kahate hai ki rAta-dina samyak anuSThAnoM meM 162 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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udyata zrutadhara athavA tIrthaMkaroM se prApta dharma tathA samAdhi kA sevana na karate hue mithyAtva ke udaya se sarvajJaviruddha pralApa karane vAle sarvajJa para zraddhA nahIM rakhate, unakI nindA karate hai tathA apane hI jJAna ko hI sarvazreSTha siddha karate hai, to ve chekavAdI-paMDitamAnI jamAli nihnava kI bhA~ti naSTa ho jAte hai, pathacyuta ho jAte hai| vaise vyakti saMyama aura tapa meM parAkrama karate hue bhI duHkhoM se mukta nahIM ho skte| jo sAdhu bhUla hone para guru dvArA zikSA pAkara anuzAsita hotA huA apanI citta vRtti ko sthira rakhatA hai, jo apane guru ke prati vinayAdi guNoM se yukta mRdubhASI, sUkSmadarzI tathA puruSArthazIla hai, vahI uttamajAti se samanvita tathA sAdhvAcAra meM sahaja, sarala bhAva se pravRtta hotA hai, aura vahI sAdhu suzIla hai / jo apane Apa ko saMyama tathA jJAna kA dhanI mAnakara parIkSaNa binA hI apanI baDAI hA~katA hai, nyAyaviruddha vacana bolatA hai, kleza tathA mithyAbhASaNa karatA hai, apane guru ke nAma ko chipAtA hai, vaha kRtaghnI, paradoSabhASI kuzIla AdAna rUpa (mokSa) padArtha se apane Apa ko vaMcita rakhatA hai / Age kI gAthAoM meM zAstrakAra mada tyAga ke viSaya meM kahate hai ki jo sAdhu utkRSTa tyAga, tapa tathA saMyama kA pAlana karatA hai kintu yadi jAti, jJAnAdi maMda se lipta hai, to usakA vaha tyAga bhI ni:sAra tathA nirarthaka hai / jo bhikSAjIvI sAdhu niSkiMcana hai, bhikSAnna se hI jIvanayApana karatA hai parantu yadi vaha Rddhi Adi gArava karatA hai, apanI stuti tathA prazaMsA kI jhakhanA rakhatA hai, to rukSajIvitA, bhikSAcArI, akiMcanatA Adi AjIvikA ke sAdhana mAtra hai / ata: sAdhu prajJA, tapa, jAti, kula, bala Adi kA mada na kre| jo inase mukta hotA hai, vahI paNDita hai / nAma, gotrAdi mada se rahita muni hI gotra, nAmAdi se pAra sarvocca mokSapada ko prApta karatA hai / isa adhyayana kA upasaMhAra karate huye susAdhu dvArA yAthAtathya dharmopadeza rUpa kucha preraNA sUtroM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| sAdhu saMsAra bhramaNa ke mUla kAraNa, mithyAtva ke uccheda tathA samyaktva prApti ke upAya batAe~ parantu yaha upadeza satkAra, sammAna, pUjA, pratiSThA kI kAmanA se prerita na ho| isa prakAra yAthAtathya dharma kI prarUpaNA karatA huA, jIvana maraNa kI AkAMkSA se mukta, sva-para ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnatA huA sAdhaka saMyamAcaraNa meM udyama kreN| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 163

Page #170
1. 2. - sandarbha evaM TippaNI 122/123 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 124 14. grantha adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke caturdaza adhyayana kA nAma 'grantha' hai| isa adhyayana kA Adi pada bhI 'gaMtha' hai / grantha zabda kA sAmAnya artha - gA~Tha, pustaka athavA zAstra hotA hai| niyuktikAra ' ne grantha zabda kA artha bAhyAbhyantara parigraha kiyA hai / bAhya grantha ke mukhya dasa prakAra hai 1. kSetra 2. vastu 3. dhana-dhAnya 4. jJAtijana va mitra 5 vAhana 6. zayana 7 Asana 8. dAsIdAsa 9. svarNa rajata aura 10. vividha sAmagrI / ina dasa prakAra ke bAhya granthoM meM mUrcchA rakhanA hI grantha hai | Abhyantara grantha ke caudaha prakAra hai 1. krodha 2. mAna 3. mAyA 4. lobha 5. sneha 6. dveSa 7. mithyAtva 8. kAmAcAra 9. saMyama meM arUci 10. asaMyama meM rUci 11. vikArI hAsya 12. zoka 13. bhaya aura 14. ghRNA / jo ina donoM prakAra ke granthoM (parigraha ) se rahita hai, vahI nirgrantha hai| uttarAdhyayana ke kSullaka nirgranthIya adhyayana meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai / ' jo donoM granthoM se rahita hai tathA saMyama mArga kI prarUpaNA karane vAle AcArAMga Adi granthoM kA adhyayana karate hai, ve ziSya kahalAte hai| ziSya do prakAra ke hote hai 1. dIkSA ziSya 2. zikSA ziSya / dIkSA dekara banAyA gayA ziSya, dIkSA ziSya kahalAtA hai| tathA zikSA dekara banAyA gayA ziSya, zikSA ziSya kahalAtA hai / " - - ziSya kI taraha guru yA AcArya bhI do prakAra ke hote hai 1. dIkSA guru 2. zikSA guru / dIkSA dene vAlA dIkSA guru hai tathA zikSA dene vAlA zikSA guru hai / zikSA lene va usake anusAra AcaraNa karane kI apekSA se, isI prakAra mUlaguNa tathA uttaraguNa AsevanA ke bheda se bhI ziSya ke do athavA aneka bheda hote hai / aise hI zikSA guru ke bhI jAnanA cAhiye / prastuta adhyayana meM 27 gAthAe~ hai, jinameM zaikSaka (zikSA ziSya) tathA zikSaka (zikSA gurU) kauna hone cAhiye, unakI pravRtti kaisI honI cAhiye, unake kyA - kyA kartavya hai, Adi kI vivakSA kI gayI hai / 164 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

Page #171
zAstrakAra adhyayana ke prArambha meM sAdhaka ke liye gurukulavAsa yA gurusannidhi kA mahattva batAte huye kahate hai ki grantha ( bAhyAbhyantara parigraha) tyAgI muni guru dvArA anuzAsita hotA huA grahaNa tathA Asevana donoM zikSA kA abhyAsa kare / grahaNa arthAt zAstroM kA adhyayana karanA evaM tadanurUpa AcaraNa karanA Asevana hai| gurukulavAsa na karane vAlA aparipakva sAdhaka usI prakAra saMyama se hokara du:kha pAtA hai, jaise pakSI kA navajAta baccA ur3ane meM asamartha hone se daMka Adi mA~sAhArI pakSiyoM dvArA mAra diyA jAtA hai / ata: AzuprajJa sAdhaka svacchanda AcaraNa tathA ekAkI vicaraNa na kare / gItArtha guru kI nizrA meM rahane vAlA, guru ke Adeza - nirdeza meM anurakta, sAvadya anuSThAnoM se virata, saMyama tathA vinaya pAlana meM udyata muni viSaya kaSAya rUpa rogoM se usI prakAra svastha (Atmastha ) ho jAtA hai, jaise- rUgNa, vyAdhigrasta vyakti vaidya kI dekha-rekha meM auSadha tathA pathyagrahaNa dvArA svAsthya lAbha prApta karatA hai| ataH sAdhu aneka guNavardhaka gurukula vAsa meM samAdhi prApta kare / guru dvArA anuzAsita ziSya paMca mahAvrata, paMca samitiyoM aura tIna guptiyoM ke pAlana meM paripakva tathA anubhavI hokara anyoM ko bhI pAlana kA upadeza detA hai / gAthAoM ke krama meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki vaha kisa prakAra zikSA grahaNa kare / gurukulavAsI muni nidrA, pramAda na kare / pramAdavaza saMyama meM skhalanA huI ho aura anya laghu, vRddha yA samavayaska dvArA vaha bhUla batAyI jAye to una para vaha kruddha na ho balki apanI truTi ko sudhArane kA prayAsa kare tathA unakI zikSA ko utthAna kA pAtheya samajhakara, unako upakArI mAnakara unakA AdarasatkAra kre| jJAnopadeSTA AcArya kI sevAbhakti kare / prANiyoM kI hiMsA na kare / pratyeka pravRtti upayoga evaM jayaNApUrvaka sampAdita kare / isa prakAra samiti tathA gupti meM sthita, samAdhi prApta sAdhaka ko zAnti tathA samasta karmakSaya rUpa lAbha prApta hotA hai| usake jIvana kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa bhI yahIM hotA hai| adhyayana samApti ke daura meM zAstrakAra gurukulavAsI sAdhudvArA bhASa vidhi niSedha sUtroM kA kathana karate huye kahate hai ki sAdhu svayaM kI yogyatA, pariSad tathA viSaya ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnakara aisA upadeza de, jisase sva- para ko karmapAza se mukta kara sake, kisI bhI prazna kA cintana tathA paryAlocanapUrvaka, sarvajJa ke vacanoM se aviruddha, saMgata uttara de / praznakartA ko samAhita karate samaya sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 165

Page #172
zAstra, guru yA guNI ke guNa ko na chipAye / apanI buddhi para tanika bhI ahaMkAra 7 na kare, na kisI ko AzIrvAdAtmaka vacana kahe / vividha prakAra ke maMtra-taMtra prayoga dvArA apane saMyama ko khokhalA aura dUSita na kare / satya kintu apriya vacanoM kA prayoga na kare / dharmopadeza meM syAdvAda, sApekSavAda, vibhajyavAda dvArA padArthoM kI vyAkhyA kare / arthAt naya, nikSepAdi dvArA alaga-alaga vizleSaNa kre| isa vyAkhyA ko koI viparIta grahaNa kare to use jar3abuddhi yA mUrkha kahakara jhiDake nahIM, usakA apamAna aura tiraskAra bhI na kare / pratyeka vacana bolate samaya syAdavAda ko dRSTi meM rkheN| paramAtmA yA siddhAnta ke virUddha bAta na kre| guru se bhI bhalIbhA~ti samajhane ke bAda hI dUsaroM ko samajhAyeM / jo ina samasta sUtroM ko dhyAna meM rakhatA huA bhASA samiti kA upayoga karatA hai tathA sUtra, dharma ko samyak jAnatA huA utsarga, apavAda, hetu grAhya, AjJA grAhya, sva-samaya para samaya Adi zAstra vAkyoM ko yathAyogya pratipAdita karatA hai, vahI zAstra kA artha tathA usake anusAra AcaraNa karane meM kuzala hotA hai evaM vahI granthamukta sAdhaka sarvajJokta samAdhi kI vyAkhyA kara sakatA hai| prastuta adhyayana kI 19vIM gAthA meM 'Na yA''siyAvAya viyAgarejjA' pada hai| jisakA artha hai- bhikSu kisI ko AzIrvAda na de / yahA~ AzISa zabda kA AsiyA zabda huA hai- jaise 'sarit' kA prAkRta meM 'sariA' rUpa hotA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne isake liye spaSTa niyama batAyA hai 'striyAmAtavidyutaH' arthAt strIliMgavAcI zabdoM meM vidyut zabda ko chor3akara At hotA hai|' AsiyA bhI isI prakAra banA hai / parantu DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye isakA artha 'asyAdvAda' aisA karate hai| arthAt asyAdavAda yukta vacana kA prayoga sAdhu na kare / para yaha artha ThIka nahIM hai / isa gAthA meM na syAdvAda kA ullekha hai, na koI aisA prasaMga hai / cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne bhI isa pada kA artha AzIrvAda ke niSedha ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / ' 22 veM zloka meM 'vibhajjavAyaM ca viyAgarejjA' aisA nirdeza hai| isakA artha hai - muni vibhajyavAda ke AdhAra para vacana prayoga kareM / cUrNikAra ne isake do artha kie haiM - bhajanIvAda yA anekAntavAda / tatvArtha ke prati azaMkita na hone para bhajanIyavAda kA sahArA lekara muni kahe- maiM isa viSaya meM aisA mAnatA hU~ / vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie anyatra bhI pUchanA caahie| 166 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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vibhajyavAda kA dUsarA artha hai - anekAntavAda / jahA~ jaisA upayuktta ho, vahA~ apekSA kA sahArA lekara vaisA pratipAdana kare / amuka nitya hai yA anitya ? aisA prazna karane para amuka apekSA se yaha nitya hai, amuka apekSA se yaha anitya hai - isa prakAra usako siddha kare / vRttikAra ne vibhajyavAda ke tIna artha kie haiM1. pRthak-pRthak arthoM kA nirNaya karane vAlA vAda / 2. syaadvaad| 3. arthoM kA samyaga vibhAjana karane vAlA vAda / jaise - dravya kI apekSA se nityavAda, paryAya kI apekSA se anityavAda / sabhI padArthoM kA astitva apane-apane dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhAva kI apekSA se hai / para dravya, kSetra, kAla tathA bhAva kI apekSA se nahIM hai|' bauddha sAhitya meM vibhajyavAda kI aneka sthaloM para carcA upalabdha hotI hai / vibhajya ke do artha haiM - vibhajya - vizleSaNapUrvaka kahanA / vibhajya - saMkSepa meM vistAra karanA / ' buddha ne svayaM ko vibhajyavAda kA nirUpaka kahA hai / sandarbha evaM TippaNI (a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 127-131 (ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 241 uttarAdhyayana niyukti gAthA - 334-337 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 128 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 241 prAkRta vyAkaraNa - 8/1/15 a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 234 ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 249 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 235 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 250 Early Budhist theory of knowledge, Page 280 vahI, pR. - 293 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 167

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15. jamatIta adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke paJcadaza adhyayana kA nAma jamatIta ( yamakIya) hai| niyuktikAra ne isakA nAma 'AdAnIya' yA 'AdAna' batAyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki isa adhyayana meM pUrva - pUrva gAthAoM kA antima pada uttarottara gAthAoM kA Adi pada hai| arthAt jisa pada kA AdAna ( grahaNa) prathama gAthA ke anta meM hai, usI pada kA AdAna dUsarI gAthA ke prArambha meM hai| ataH isakA 'AdAna' nAma sArthaka hai / ' vRttikAra ke anusAra kucha loga ise saMkalikA athavA zrRMkhalA se abhihita karate hai| cU~ki isa adhyayana meM pUrva gAthA kA antima pada evaM uttara gAthA kA Adi pada zrRMkhalA kI bhA~ti jur3A huA hai arthAt donoM kI kar3iyA~ eka samAna hai ata: isakA nAma saMkalikA athavA zrRMkhalA hai| isa adhyayana ke Adi meM 'jaM atItaM' zabda prayukta huA hai, isaliye bhI isakA nAma jamatIta ho sakatA hai athavA isameM yamaka alaMkAra kA prayoga hone se bhI isa adhyayana kA nAma yamakIya hai, jisakA ArSa prAkRta rUpa 'jamaIya' yA 'jamatIta' hotA hai / grantha mukta hone para sAdhu Ayata (vizAla) cAritra se sampanna hotA hai / vaha sAdhaka cAritra se kaise sampanna hotA hai, yahI isa adhyayana kA pratipAdya hai| niyuktikAra' ne AdAna zabda ke cAra nikSepa kiye hai| dravya AdAna meM dhana grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, kyoMki saMsArI logoM dvArA anya samasta kAryoM ko chor3akara atyanta kleza- kaSAya se sarvaprathama dhana grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| athavA usa dhana se dvipada, catuSpada Adi ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| bhAva AdAna ke do prakAra haiprazasta aura aprazasta / mithyAtva, avirati yA krodha ke udaya se karmabaMdha kA AdAna aprazasta bhAva - AdAna hai / uttarottara guNazreNI dvArA zuddha adhyavasAyoM ko grahaNa karanA yA samyagjJAna - darzana - cAritra ko grahaNa karanA prazasta bhAva AdAna hai| isa adhyayana meM prazasta bhAva AdAna kI vivakSA kI gayI hai, jisameM kula 25 gAthAe~ hai, jo yamakAlaMkAra se yukta tathA zrRMkhalAvat sadRzapadoM se jur3I huI hai| zAstrakAra prArambhika gAthAoM meM, tIrthaMkara yA anuttarajJAnI hI isake pravaktA hai, isakA svarUpa samajhAte huye kahate hai ki ve samasta padArthoM ke trikAla jJAtA hai kyoMki unhoMne ghAtI karmacatuSTaya kA sarvathA kSaya kara liyA hai| ve saMzayAdi mithyAjJAna se pUrNa mukta hai, isIlie vastu tattva kA ve jaisA pratipAdana karate hai, 168 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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vaisA anya darzanoM (bauddha, sAMkhya, nyAya) meM nahIM hai| sarvajJa ne AgamAdi meM jIvAdi padArthoM kA jo samyak kathana kiyA hai, vahI parama satya tathA subhASita hai| __yahA~ kaI anyadarzanI sarvajJa kI sarvajJatA para bhI AkSepa lagAte hai tathA apane-apane mata ke praNetA ko hI sarvajJa mAnate hai| zAstrakAra ne una AkSepoM kA parihAra kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne bhI vistAra se isakA vivecana kiyA hai, jisakA ullekha hama dArzanika vizleSaNa meM Age kreNge| yahA~ yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki tIrthaMkara yA sarvajJa kA jJAna isaliye sarvazreSTha hai, kyoMki ve vastu ke ananta dharmoM ko yugapat jAnate hai| vaha jJAna abAdhita tathA avirUddha hai| isaliye satya ke pratipAdaka sarvajJa vItarAga hI hai, jinakI AtmA parama zuddhatA ko prApta kara saMsAra samudra ko pAra kara cukI hai| loka meM jo medhAvI pApa karmoM ko jAnatA hai, vaha sabhI bandhanoM ko tor3a detA hai| vaha naye karmabandha bhI nahIM karatA, isaliye vaha na janma pAtA hai, na mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai| - yahA~ zAstrakAra ne avatAravAda para bhI prahAra kiyA hai| kucha dArzanikoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai, jaba-jaba dharma kI hAni hotI hai, taba-taba dharma kI unnati ke liye mahApuruSa puna: isa saMsAra meM lauTa Ate hai parantu yaha kathana na yuktisaMgata hai, na hI satya hai| jIva aSTa karmoM kA sampUrNa kSaya karane ke pazcAt akriya ho jAtA hai| saMsAra meM zarIra dhAraNa karane kA koI bhI kAraNa vidyamAna na hone se kArya rUpa janma kaise sambhava hai ? ata: navIna karmabandha se rahita AtmA punaH janma-maraNa kI kriyA nahIM krtaa| Age kI gAthAoM meM mahAvIratA kI paribhASA dI gaI hai ki jisake pUrvakarma zeSa nahIM hai, jo striyoM ke AsaMga se mukta hai, vaha saMsAra ke paribhramaNa se mukta ho jAtA hai, kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai| parantu yaha kRtakRtyatA virale manuSyoM ko hI prApta hotI hai| jisake kucha karma zeSa hai, ve saudharma Adi deva banate hai| mokSa kI prApti bhI manuSya gati se bhinna gati ke jIvoM ko nahIM hotii| yahA~ kucha anyatIrthikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki deva hI samasta du:khoM kA anta karate hai| isake viparIta Aheta mata yaha kahatA hai ki yaha sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki anya gatiyoM meM pariNAma zuddhi nahIM hotI tathA dharmArAdhanA kA bhI abhAva hI hotA hai| manuSya se bhinna gatiyoM meM dharma zravaNarUpa abhyudaya milanA tathA saMbodhi prApta honA durlabha hai, to mokSa prApti to bahuta dUra kI bAta hai| ata: paNDita sAdhaka isa janma sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 169

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meM prApta anuttaradharma rUpa saMyama ko saMsAra meM sarvottama ratna samajhe, jisakI prApti se samasta kaSAya rUpa dAridrya samApta ho jAtA hai| karma vidAraNa meM samartha vIrya ko prApta karake pUrvabaddha karmoM kA kSaya kare / antima gAthAdvaya meM ratnatraya kI mahimA batAI gayI hai ki jo samasta sAdhakoM ko iSTa hai, pAparUpa karma se utpanna zalya ko kATane vAlA hai tathA saMsAra se tirAne vAlA hai, vaha saMyama atIta meM bhI mahApuruSoM ke dvArA dhAraNa kiyA gayA hai tathA bhaviSya meM bhI ise prApta karake jIva saMsAra sAgara se pAra hoNge| 1. 2. 3. 4. sandarbha evaM TippaNI 133 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 253 132 254-255 16. gAthA adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha kA antima tathA SoDaza adhyayana kA nAma 'gAhA' - gAthA hai| niyukti meM isakA nAma 'gAthA SoDaza' hai| ' cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne bhI isI nAma kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| gAthA zabda ke ekArthaka zabda kucha isa prakAra hai - zabda, gRha, adhyayana, grantha-prakaraNa, chanda - vizeSa, AryAgIti, prazaMsA, pratiSThA, nizcaya Adi | 2 niyuktikAra ne gAthA zabda ke cAra nikSepa kiye hai jo pustaka tathA patra para likhita haiM, jaise 'jayati' Adi / pannoM para likhI huI yaha SoDaza adhyayana rUpA gAthA dravya gAthA hai| bhAvagAthA vaha hai, jisameM kSayopazamika bhAva se niSpanna gAthA ke prati sAkAropayoga ho kyoMki sampUrNa zruta kSAyopazamika bhAva se hI niSpanna mAnA jAtA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM dravya gAthA vivakSita hai / niryuktikAra tathA vRttikAra gAthA zabda kA vizleSaNa karate huye kahate hai ki - 1. jisakA uccAraNa madhura, sundara tathA zrutipriya ho, 2. yA jise madhura uccAraNa se gAyA jAtA ho, 3. athavA jo gAthA chanda meM racita madhura prAkRta zabdAvalI se yukta ho, 4. athavA jo chandobaddha ( anibaddha) na hokara bhI gadyAtmaka 170 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana dravya gAthA vaha hai, athavA pustaka evaM

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geya pATha ho, 5. athavA jisameM bahuta sA artha samUha piNDIkRta arthAt - ekatra karake samAviSTa kiyA gayA ho, vaha gAthA hai / " isase pUrvoktapandraha adhyayana padyAtmaka zailI meM nirmita hai, parantu yaha adhyayana gadyAtmaka zailI meM racita hone para bhI gAthA nAma se abhihita hai| isake pIche do kAraNa pratIta hote hai - yA to yaha gadyAtmaka pATha geya arthAt gAyA jAtA hai, athavA isameM pUrvokta adhyayana ke arthasamUha ko ekatra karake samAviSTa kiyA gayA hai, ina kAraNoM se bhI ise gAthA adhyayana kahA jAtA hogA / prastuta adhyayana meM zramaNa, mAhaNa, bhikSu tathA nirgrantha Adi ke svarUpa kA pRthak -2 vizleSaNa karake aNagAra ke guNoM kA prazaMsAtmaka pratipAdana hai / zAstrakAra adhyayana ke prArambha meM kahate hai ki jo pUrvokta adhyayanoM meM kahe gaye sAdhaka ke guNoM se yukta hai, bhavya hai, dAnta hai tathA jisane zarIra ke mamatva kA tyAga kara liyA hai, vaha mAhana (brAhmaNa), zramaNa, bhikSu yA nirgrantha hai / Age kramaza: inake svarUpa kI mImAMsA kI gayI hai| mA+hana ina do padoM se nirmita mAna kA zAbdika artha hai - nahIM mAro arthAt kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA mata kro| jo svayaM kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karatA tathA anyoM ko bhI aisA hI upadeza detA hai, vaha mAhana hai| pUrvokta adhyayanoM meM upadiSTa AcaraNa 'yukta dravya hiMsA tathA bhAva hiMsA rUpa rAga-dveSa, kalaha Adi se virata, saMyama meM rUci-bhAva tathA asaMyama meM arUci bhAva vAlA, pA~ca samiti - tIna gupti se yukta, krodha - abhimAna se mukta hai, vahI guNasampanna sAdhaka mAhana hai / - isI krama meM zramaNa ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| jo sAdhaka anizrita (kisI bAhya padArtha meM Asakta athavA Azrita na honA), anidAna (sAvadya karma, kaSAya, parigrahAdi anuSThAna, jinase karmabaMdha kA grahaNa hotA hai ), atipAt(prANighAta, mRSAvAda Adi se rahita hai) tathA dAnta evaM bhavya hai, vaha zramaNa hai / samaNa zabda ke saMskRta meM tIna rUpa banate haiN| - 1. zramaNa 2. zamana arthAt jo svayaM mokSa ke liye zrama, tapasyAdi karatA hai / kaSAyoM ko upazAnta karatA hai athavA indriyoM ke viSayoM ko zAnta karatA hai / - 3. samana jo zatru-mitra Adi prANimAtra para samabhAva rakhatA hai / uparokta vyAkhyA meM bhI ye tInoM bhAva spaSTa mukharita hote hai / tata (guru ke prati vinayI), avanata (dIna bhAvoM se rahita), nAmaka sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 171 -

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( sabake prati vinamra vyavahAra vAlA), dAnta (indriya tathA mana ko vaza meM rakhane vAlA), zarIra meM mamatva se rahita, upasarga jetA, AdhyAtmika vRtti se yukta, sthitAtmA tathA paradattabhojI hai, vaha bhikSu kahalAtA hai| yahA~ bhikSu kA artha bhikSAjIvI se avazya hai parantu bhikSA para jIne vAle tapa-tyAga - saMyama se rahita hRSTa-puSTa bhikhArI se nahIM hai / yahA~ vaha bhikSu vivakSita hai, jo dravya kA saMcaya nahIM karatA, bhojana na pakAtA hai, na pakavAtA hai tathA binA diyA huA athavA usake liye banAyA gayA AhAra bhI jo grahaNa nahIM karatA / isaliye use yahA~ paradattabhojI kahA gayA hai| karmoM kA bhedana karane vAlA bhI bhikSu hai, jo dUsaroM ke dvArA diye hue AhAra se saMyama, tapa, tyAga tathA svapara kalyANa meM rata rahatA hai / isa adhyAya ke anta meM nirgrantha kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| jo sAdhaka ekAkI, ekavid (ekamAtra AtmA ko jAnane vAlA), buddha (tattvajJa), susaMyata, pUjA pratiSThAdi se mukta tathA bAhyAbhyantara grantha se rahita hai, vahI nirgrantha hai / prathama zrutaskandha kI samApti ke sAtha adhyayana kA upasaMhAra karate huye zAstrakAra kahate hai ki yahA~ jo bhI kahA gayA hai, vaha sarvajJa mahApuruSoM kI vANI ke anusAra hI hai / ata: susAdhaka ke liye vahI hitakArI hai kyoMki Apta puruSoM ke vacana anyathA nahIM hote hai / 1. 2. 3. 4. sandarbha evaM TippaNI (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyuktigAthA - 141 : 'gAhAsolasaNAmaM ajjhayaNamiNaM vavadisaMti' (ba) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi, pR. 304 (sa) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 262 pAiasaddamahaNNavo, pR. 293 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 262 - 137 -141 261-262 138 172 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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dvitIya zrutaskandha 1. puNDarIka adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke (dvi. zru.) ke prathama adhyayana kA nAma 'puNDarIka' yA 'pauNDarika hai| pauNDarika zabda-uttama, kAnta, pradhAna, zreSTha, mukhya, zvetakamala tathA eka rAjA Adi arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai|' prastuta adhyayana ke pratipAdya ko puNDarIka (zveta-kamala) kI upamA ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai| niyuktikAra ne puNDarIka ke ATha nikSepa kiye hai - nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla, gaNanA, saMsthAna, bhaav| 1. nAma puNDarIka- kisI kA nAma puNDarIka rakhanA, nAma puNDarIka hai| 2.sthApanA puNDarIka- kisI vastu meM puNDarIka kI sthApanA karanA, sthApanA puNDarIka hai| ____3. dravya puNDarIka- dravya puNDarIka ke tIna bheda hai - sacitta, acitta tathA mishr| 1. sacitta dravya puNDarIka- naraka gati ko chor3akara tiryaMca, manuSya, devatAoM meM jo zreSTha hote hai ve sacitta dravya pauNDIka hai| isake bhI tIna bheda haiN| (a) tiryaMca pauNDIka - jalacara, sthalacara tathA khecara meM jo zreSTha tathA kAnta hote hai aura jo logoM dvArA svabhAvata: anumata hote hai, ve tiryaMcoM meM pauNDarIka hai| jaise (ka) jalacara meM matsyAdi viziSTatA vAle hote hai| (kha) sthalacara meM varNa aura rUpa se prazasta siMha aadi| (ga) khecara meM haMsa, mayUra, kaukila Adi rUpa, varNa tathA svara se zreSTha hote (ba) manuSya pauNDarIka - arhata, cakravartI, cAraNazramaNa, vidyAdhara, harivaMza kula meM utpanna dazAra, IkSvAku Adi zreSTha kuloM meM utpanna vyakti manuSyoM meM pauNDarIka hote hai| (sa) deva pauNDarIka - bhavanapati, vyaMtara, jyotiSka tathA vaimAnika devoM meM jo pravara hote hai, ve devatAoM meM pauNDarIka hote hai| (2) acitta dravya pauNDarIka - dhAtuoM meM kAMsya, vastroM meM cInAMzuka, maNioM meM vaiDUrya, indranIla, padmarAga Adi, motIoM meM bRhadAkAra motI Adi sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 17:

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acitta dravya pauNDarIka hai| __ (3) mizra dravya pauNDarIka - mizra dravyoM meM jo zreSTha hai, ve mizra pauNDarika hai| jaise AbhUSaNoM se alaMkRta tIrthaMkara, cakravartI aadi| dravya pauNDarIka ke anya tIna vikalpa isa prakAra hai - (1) ekamavika - eka bhava ke bAda puNDarIka meM utpanna hone vaalaa| (2) baddhAyuSka - jisa jIva ke puNDarIka kA AyuSya baMdha ho gayA hai| (3) abhimukhanAmagotra - jo jIva kucha hI samaya pazcAta puNDarIka meM utpanna hogaa| 4. kSetra puNDarIka - loka meM jo kSetra zubha anubhAva vAle hai, ve kSetra pauNDarIka hai| jaise - devakuru, uttarakuru aadi| 5. kAla puNDarIka - jo prANI bhavasthiti tathA kAyasthiti se puNDarIka hai, ve kAla pauNDarIka hai| (1) bhavasthiti - anuttaropapAtika deva, jo upapAta (janma) se cyavana (maraNa) taka sukha kA hI anubhava karate hai| (2) kAyasthiti - zubha karma vAle manuSya, jo 7/8 bhava meM nirvANa prApta karane vAle hote hai| ... 6. gaNanA pauNDarIka - gaNita ke parikarma Adi dasa prakAra hai| unameM rajju gaNita zreSTha hai| 7. saMsthAna puNDarIka - chaha saMsthAnoM meM samacaturastra saMsthAna zreSTha hai| 8. bhAva puNDarIka - audayika, aupazamika, kSAyika, kSAyopazimaka, pAriNAmika tathA sannipAtika - ina bhAvoM meM jo zreSTha hotA hai, vaha bhAva puNDarIka hai| (a) audayikabhAva pauNDarIka - tIrthaMkara tathA anuttaropapAtika deva, zveta kamala aadi| (ba) aupazamikabhAva puNDarIka - pUrNa upazAnta moha kI sthiti vaale| (sa) kSAyika bhAva puNDarIka - kevljnyaanii| (i) pAriNAmikabhAva puNDarIka - bhavya jIva / (pha) sannipAtikamAva puNDarIka - siddha / isI prakAra jJAna meM kevalajJAnI, darzana meM kSAyika samyaktvI, cAritra meM yathAkhyAna cAritrI, vinaya meM abhyutthAnAdi vinayayukta, adhyAtma meM anAzaMsI 174 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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tathA dhyAna meM paramazukla dhyAnI- ye bhAva pauNDarIka hote hai| prastuta adhyayana meM dravyapauNDarIka vanaspatikAya kA tathA bhAvapauNDarIka zramaNa kA adhikAra hai| athavA audayikabhAvavartI vanaspatikAyika bhAvapauNDarIka tathA samyagdarzana, cAritra, jJAna, vinayAdi AdhyAtmika vRtti se sampanna susAdhu rUpa bhAvapauNDIka kA varNana hai| isa gadyamaya adhyayana meM 72 sUtra hai| prathama 12 sUtroM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ne puSkariNI meM sthita pauNDarIka ke mAdhyama se dharma, dharmatIrtha tathA nirvANa ke mahattva ko samajhAyA hai| Apta puruSa usa rUpaka ko kucha vistAra se isa prakAra samajhAte hai - eka vizAla puSkariNI hai| vaha agAdha jala se paripUrNa, gaharI tathA deza-pradezoM meM uttamottama zveta kamaloM se vyApta hai| usake madhya bhAga meM vizAla, ramaNIya, samasta kamaloM meM pradhAna pauNDIka kamala sthita hai| vaha atyanta rUcikara, dIptimAna, manojJa, vilakSaNa rasoM se yukta, komala sparzI, uttama sugandha se bharapUra hai| vaha puSkariNI una samasta zveta kamaloM tathA pradhAna pauNDarIka kamala se atyanta manohArI, darzanIya evaM ramaNIya pratIta hotI hai| vahA~ pUrva dizA se eka puruSa AyA aura puNDarIka kamala ko dekhakara kahA- maiM kSetrajJa hU~, kuzala hU~, paNDita hU~, medhAvI hU~, abAla hU~, mArgastha hU~, mArgavid hU~, mArga kI gati evaM parAkrama kA jJAtA huuN| maiM usa kamala ko ukhAr3akara pA luuNgaa|' aisA kahakara vaha puruSa usa vizAla puSkariNI meM utara jAtA hai| vaha jyoM-jyoM Age bar3hatA hai, tyoM-tyoM gahare kIcar3a meM pha~satA jAtA hai| aba vaha usa sthiti meM pahuMca jAtA hai, jahA~ se na puna: taTa para A sakatA hai, na hI puNDarIka kamala taka pahuMca sakatA hai| vaha na isa pAra kA, na usa pAra kA, balki usa puSkariNI ke paMka meM par3A atyanta kaSTa aura kleza pAtA hai| isI prakAra uttara, dakSiNa, pazcima dizAoM se bhI eka-eka puruSa Ate hai, jo apane se pUrva kIcar3a meM pha~se puruSa ko dekhakara usakI akuzalatA tathA svayaM nipuNatA, caturatA kI bar3AI karate huye puNDarIka kamala ko pAne kI icchA se usa puSkariNI meM utara jAte hai aura usI prakAra adhabIca kIcar3a meM pha~sakara kaSTa pAte hai| itane meM kisI dizA yA vidizA se eka nispRha, rAga-dveSa se rahita, saMsAra sAgara se tirane kA icchuka bhikSu aayaa| usane puSkariNI ke taTa para Akara puSkariNI ke madhya sthita puNDarIka kamala tathA pha~se hue cAra puruSoM ko dekhA aura socA ki ye loga akuzala, anipuNa tathA apaNDita mAlUma hote hai| isaliye sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 175

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isa prakAra kIcar3a meM pha~sakara du:kha pA rahe hai| nahIM, zveta kamala ko to maiM pAU~gA kyoMki maiM nirdoSa bhikSAjIvI tathA rUkSa arthAt, karma mala se asnigdha, rAgadveSa rahita huuN| aisA kahakara usane puSkariNI meM utarane kI bajAya taTa para khar3ekhar3e usa puNDarIka kamala ko lakSya karake AvAja lagAyI...... 'he uttama puNDarIka kamala ! tuma mere pAsa aao| mere pAsa aao|' aisA kahate hI vaha padmavara puNDarIka vahA~ se ur3akara usa bhikSu ke pAsa A gyaa| isakA nigamana karate huye bhagavAna kahate hai -3 loka puSkariNI hai| karma jala hai| kAma bhoga kIcar3a hai| loga kamala hai| rAjA padmavara puNDarika hai| anyatIrthika cAra dizAoM se Ane vAle puruSa hai| dharma bhikSu hai| dharma-tIrtha taTa hai| dharma-kathA AhvAna hai| . Upara uThanA nirvANa hai| prastuta adhyayana meM cAra puruSa rUpa cAra vAdoM kA vistAra se varNana hai - ina cAra puruSoM meM prathama puruSa tajjIva-taccharIravAdI hai, jisake pravartaka ajitakezakambala hai| inake anusAra zarIra aura jIva eka hai, abhinna hai| jIva nAmaka kisI padArtha kA zarIra se alaga koI astitva nahIM hai| zarIra ke jIne taka hI yaha jIva jItA hai| zarIra ke mara jAne para yaha nahIM jiitaa| zarIra ke marane para-loga ise jalAne le jAte hai| tathA vahA~ se mRta zarIra ko Dhone vAlI maMcikA ko lekara apane ghara lauTa Ate hai| isase yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki zarIra se bhinna jIva nahIM hai| isa prakAra tajjIva- taccharIravAdI nAstikavAdI hai, jo apane mata ko yuktisaMgata pramANita karane ke liye aneka tarka prastuta karate hai| isakA vistRta varNana tathA samIkSA hama Age samasta vAdoM ke dArzanika vizleSaNa meM kreNge| dUsarA puruSa paMcamahAbhUtavAdI pakudhakAtyAyana kA dArzanika pakSa hai| inake matAnusAra pRthvI, apa, agni, vAyu tathA AkAza ye pA~ca mahAbhUta hI saba kucha 176 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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hai| ina pA~coM ke saMyoga se hI AtmA kI utpatti hotI hai| ye kisI ke dvArA nirmita athavA nirmApita nahIM hai athavA kRta yA kRtrima nahIM hai| ye Adi-anta rahita, svatantra-zAzvata hai evaM svayaM samasta kriyAe~ karane vAle hai| ata: puNyapApa, svarga-naraka, kriyA-akriyA, AtmA-paramAtmA Adi vastuoM kA koI astitva nahIM hai| prathama tathA dvitIya puruSa kI mAnyatA meM itanA hI antara hai ki prathama tajjIva taccharIravAdI ke mata meM zarIra tathA jIva eka hI hai arthAt donoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai jabaki dvitIya paMcamahAbhUtavAdI ke anusAra jIva kI utpatti paMcamahAbhUtoM ke saMyoga yA sammizraNa se hotI hai| tRtIya puruSa IzvarakAraNavAdI tathA AtmAdvaitavAdI hai| inake anusAra isa jagata meM cetana-acetana jitane bhI padArtha hai, saba puruSAdika hai arthAt una sabakA Adi kAraNa puruSa yA AtmA hai| ve saba puruSottarika hai arthAt Izvara hI unakA saMhArakartA hai yA Izvara hI saba padArthoM kA kArya hai| samasta padArtha Izvara dvArA racita, utpanna tathA prakAzita hai, Izvara ke hI anugAmI hai aura Izvara kA AdhAra lekara Tike huye hai| jagata ko IzvarakRta siddha karane ke liye IzvaravAdI aneka tarka prastuta karate hai| jaise- zarIra meM utpanna phor3A zarIra meM hI bar3hatA hai, zarIra kA hI anugAmI hotA hai, zarIra ke AdhAra se hI TikatA hai| isI prakAra samasta padArtha Izvara se utpanna hokara Izvara se hI vRddhiMgata hote hai, Izvara ke hI anugAmI hote hai tathA Izvara (AtmA) kA AdhAra lekara hI sthita rahate hai| isI prakAra arati (udvega) zarIra se, valmIka kITa pRthvI se, vRkSa miTTI se, pokhara jala se, pAnI kA budabUda pAnI se bar3hatA hai, vRddhi ko prApta hotA hai, anugAmI banatA hai tathA anta meM usI meM samA jAtA hai, ThIka usI prakAra IzvarakartRtvavAdiyoM ke anusAra jagata ke samasta padArtha Izvara se utpanna hue hai, Izvara yA AtmA meM hI sthita hai tathA anta meM Izvara meM hI lIna ho jAte hai| zramaNa nirgranthoM dvArA racA huA yA kahA huA AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga Adi bAraha aMgoM meM vibhakta jJAna kA jo piTArA hai, vaha mithyA hai| vaha satya tathA tathya rUpa nahIM hai| hamArA mata hI satya hai, yathArtha hai aura aisI hI zikSA ve apane ziSyoM ko bhI dete hai| ye apane Agraha se usI prakAra mukta nahIM ho pAte hai, jaise pakSI piMjare se| isI mithyA mata meM ulajha kara ve nAnA prakAra ke pApa karma yukta sAvadya anuSThAna dvArA kAmabhogoM ke liye Arambha karate hai| isa prakAra ve na to loka meM, na para loka sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 177

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meM sukha pAte hai| ubhayabhraSTa bIca meM hI kAmabhogoM meM pha~sakara duHkha pAte hai| zAstrakAra ne caturtha puruSa ko niyativAdI kahA hai, jo gozAlaka kA mata hai| isake anusAra jagata kI sArI kriyAe~ niyata arthAt nizcita hai| isameM kisI prakAra kA parivartana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| manuSya ko sukha-du:kha, hAni-lAbha, jIvana-maraNa Adi jo kucha bhI prApta hotA hai, usameM niyati hI ekamAtra kAraNa hai| zubha kArya karane vAle du:khI tathA azubha kArya karane vAle sukhI dikhAyI dete hai, yaha niyati kI hI prabalatA hai| parantu ajJAnI loga ise IzvarakRta, kAlakRta yA svakRta mAnakara du:khI hote hai| saMkSepa meM, samasta saMsAra niyati ke adhIna anta meM Ane vAlA bhikSu ina cAroM puruSoM se bhinna hai| zAstrakAra ne isa adhyayana kI samApti karate huye puNDarIka kamala ko prApta karane ke yogya nirgrantha bhikSu kI vizeSatAoM evaM yogyatAoM kA sarvAMgINa vizleSaNa kiyA hai| vaha bhikSu SaTakAyika jIvoM kI hiMsA se pUrNa virata hai| isI prakAra muSA, adatta, parigraha tathA maithuna se bhI sarvathA nivRtta hai| vaha na zarIra kI vibhUSA karatA hai, na danta prakSAlana, virecana, aMjana, dhUpa sevana tathA rogAdi se mukta hone ke liye dhumrapAna Adi karatA hai| vaha sAdhaka sampUrNa sAvadha kriyAoM se virata, ahiMsaka, akaSAyI tathA upazAnta hai| apanI jJAna- darzana-cAritra-tapa-saMyamarUpa samAdhi meM lIna, pAralaukika phalAkAMkSA, siddhioM kI vAMchA se rahita hai| saMkSepa meM jo pUrvokta guNoM se yukta hai tathA saMsAra evaM dharma kA vAstavika jJAtA banakara tyAga dharma kA upadeza detA hai evaM tadanurUpa AcaraNa bhI karatA hai, vahIM bhikSu dharmArthI, dharmavettA hai, vahI sarvazreSTha paMcama puruSa hai, jo puNDarika kamala rUpa zreSTha nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai, athavA use prApta karane yogya bana jAtA hai| isase viparIta AcaraNa vAle mokSa ko prApta nahIM kara sakate tathA kAmabhoga rUpa kIcar3a meM hI pha~sakara raha jAte hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI pAIasaddamahaNNavo pR. - 602 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 144-158 sUyagaDo - 21/12 178 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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2. kriyAsthAna adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke (dvi. zru.) dvitIya adhyayana kA nAma 'kriyAsthAna' hai| isa adhyayana meM karmabandha kI kAraNabhUta bAraha kriyAoM kA aura karmabandha se mukta hone kI terahavIM kriyA kA varNana hai| isaliye isakA nAma kriyAsthAna rakhA gayA hai|' niyuktikAra ne kriyAoM kA vivecana Avazyaka niyukti meM kiyA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM mokSa kA adhikAra hai, phira karmabandha ke ullekha kA kyA prayojana hai ? cUrNikAra isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate huye kahate hai - bandha ke binA mukti sambhava nahIM hai, ata: yahA~ bandha aura isake kAraNoM kA bhI adhikAra hai| Avazyaka sUtra ke antargata pratikramaNa adhyayana meM 'paDikkamAmi terasahiM kiriyAThANehiM' pATha se inhIM teraha kriyAoM kA grahaNa hai| dUsarA vargIkaraNa sthAnAMga sUtra meM upalabdha hotA hai| usameM gauNa-mukhya bheda se 72 kriyAoM kA nirdeza hai|' tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI paccIsa kriyAoM kA ullekha hai| kriyAoM ke do prakAra hai - dravya kriyA tathA bhAva kriyaa| ina donoM kI paribhASA anupayoga tathA upayoga ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai| jisa kriyA meM citavRtti saMlagna nahIM hai, vaha dravya kriyA aura jisake sAtha saMlagna hai, vaha bhAva kriyA kahalAtI hai| vRttikAra ne inheM bhinna koNa se paribhASita kiyA hai - 1. dravyakriyA - dravya kriyA vaha hai, jo ajIva dvArA calana, kampana rUpa hotI hai| vaha bhI prayogata: (prayatnapUrvaka) evaM vistrasAta: (sahaja) bheda se do prakAra vAlI hai| isI prakAra upayoga pUrvikA, anupayoga pUrvikA, akSinimeSamAtrAdi samasta dravya kriyAe~ hai| 2. bhAvakriyA - bhAva-pradhAna kriyA bhAvakriyA hai| niyuktikAra ne isake ATha prakAra batalAye hai - " (1) prayoga kriyA, ( 2 ) upAya kriyA, (3) karaNIya kriyA, (4) samudAna kriyA, (5) I-patha kriyA, (6) samyaktva kriyA, (7) samyaGamithyAtva kriyA aura (8) mithyAtva kriyaa| 1. prayoga kriyA - isake mana, vacana tathA kAyA kI apekSA se tIna bheda hote hai| jisa kriyA ke dvArA manodravya AtmA ke upayoga kA sAdhana banatA hai, vaha manaH prayoga kriyA kahalAtI hai| isI prakAra vacana tathA kAyA sambandhI prayoga hote hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 179

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2. upAya kriyA - 3. karaNIya kriyA 4. samudAna kriyA dravya kI niSpatti se hone vAlI upAyAtmaka kriyA / jinase ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM kA nirmANa hotA hai, una upAyoM kA prayoga upAya kriyA hai / jo vastu jisa prakAra se kI jAtI hai, use usI prakAra se karanA karaNIya kriyA hai / jaise ghaTa kA nirmANa mRtpiNDa se hI sambhava hai, pASANAdi se nahIM / 5. IryyApatha kriyA - upazAntamoha se lekara sayogI kevalI guNasthAna taka hone vAlI kriyA / yaha tIna samaya kI sthitivAlI hotI hai - prathama samaya meM bandha, dUsare meM saMvedana aura tIsare meM nirjaraNa / yaha vItarAga avasthA kI kriyA hai / 8. mithyAtva kriyA 6. samyaktva kriyA - jisa kriyA se jIva samyagdarzana ke yogya 77 karma prakRtiyoM ko bAMdhatA hai| 7. samyaG mithyAtva kriyA - jisa kriyA se jIva samyagmithyAtva yogya 74 karma prakRtiyA~ bAMdhatA hai| jisa kriyA se jIva tIrthaMkara nAma karma tathA samudAya ke rUpa meM jisa kriyA ko karake jIva prakRti, sthiti, anubhAga tathA pradeza rUpa se apane andara sthApita karatA hai, vaha samudAna kriyA hai / yaha kriyA asaMyata, saMyata, apramatta saMyata, sakaSAya vyakti ke hotI hai| - AhArakadraya ko chor3akara zeSa 117 karma prakRtiyoM ko bAMdhatA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki kriyA se karmabandha hotA hai / parantu prastuta adhyayana meM jo kriyAsthAna batAye gaye hai, unase kaI kriyAvAnoM ke karmabandha hote hai, to kaI kriyAvAn karmamukta hote hai| isaliye prastuta adhyayana meM do prakAra ke kriyAsthAna batAye gaye hai- dharma kriyAsthAna tathA adharma kriyAsthAna / adharma kriyAsthAna ke bAraha prakAra hai tathA terahavA~ dharma kriyAsthAna hai| karmabandha se mukta hone ke liye sAdhaka prathamata: bAraha prakAra ke adharma kriyAsthAnoM ko jAnakara 180 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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unakA tyAga kara de tathA 13veM dharma kriyAsthAna ko mokSa kI pravRtti karane hetu dhAraNa kareM, yahI isa adhyayana kA uddezya hai| / zAstrakAra ne adhyayana ke prArambha meM teraha kriyAsthAnoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - (1) arthadaNDa (2) anarthadaNDa (3) hiMsA daNDa (4) akasmAt daNDa (5) dRSTi viparyAsa daNDa (6) mRSA pratyayika (7) adattAdAna pratyayika (8) adhyAtma pratyayika (9) mAna pratyayika (10) mitradveSa pratyayika (11) mAyA pratyayika (12) lobha pratyayika (13) Ir2yA prtyyik| saMsAra ke samasta prANI ina 13 kriyAsthAnoM meM pravarttamAna rahate hai| isake atirikta anya koI kriyAsthAna nahIM hai, jahA~ karmabandha hotA ho| isa adhyayana meM ina samasta kriyA sthAnoM kA vistAra se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo kramaza: isa prakAra hai - 1. arthadaNDa pratyayika kriyAsthAna- koI puruSa apane liye, apane jJAtijanoM, ghara-parivAra athavA mitrajanoM ke liye trasa athavA sthAvara jIvoM kI hiMsA karatA hai, karavAtA hai yA anumodana karatA hai, vaha arthadaNDa hai| ___2 anarthadaNDa pratyayika kriyAsthAna- binA kisI prayojana ke, kevala apane manoraMjana, kautuka, krUra Adata se prerita hokara kisI bhI trasa yA sthAvara jIva kI kisI bhI rUpa meM kI jAne vAlI hiMsA anartha daNDa pratyayika hai| 3. hiMsAdaNDa pratyayika kriyAsthAna- amuka prANiyoM ne mere kisI sambandhI ko mArA thA, mArA hai athavA maravAyA hai, aisA samajhakara jo manuSya unheM mArane kI pravRtti karatA hai, vaha hiMsA daNDa pratyayika kahalAtI hai| kaI vyakti apane maraNa kI AzaMkA se prANiyoM ko khatma kara dete hai ki bhaviSya meM yaha mujhe mAra ddaalegaa| jaise kaMsa ne devakI putroM ko maravA diyA thaa| isI prakAra siMha, sarpAdi prANiyoM kA bhI isaliye vadha kara DAlate hai ki ye jindA rahane para kisI na kisI ko mAra ddaaleNge| kucha manuSya apane sambandhI ke ghAta se kuddha hokara bhI sambandhita vyakti ko mAra DAlate hai, jaise parazurAma ne apane pitA kI hatyA se kuddha hokara kArtavIrya ko mAra DAlA thaa|' . 4. akasmAtdaNDa pratyayika kriyAsthAna- lakSita prANI ko ghAta karane ke irAde se calAye hue zastra se anya kisI prANI kA ghAta ho jAnA akasmAt daNDa hai| kyoMki yahA~ ghAtaka puruSa kA Azaya usa prANI ke ghAta kA na hone para bhI usakA ghAta ho jAtA hai| jaise kisI hariNa ko mArane ke lakSya se calAyA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 181

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gayA tIra lakSya bhraSTa hokara kisI anya pazu athavA prANI kA ghAta kara detA hai athavA kisI ghAsa ko kATane ke abhiprAya se calAyA gayA aujAra kisI anya paudhe ko kATa detA hai| ata: ise akasmAtdaNDa pratyayika kriyAsthAna kahA gayA hai| 5. dRSTiviparyAsa daMDa pratyayika kriyAsthAna- dRSTibhrama athavA dRSTiviparItatA ke kAraNa apane mAtA-pitAdi svajana athavA mitrAdi hitaiSI ko galataphahamI se zatru samajhanA athavA sAhUkAra ko cora samajhakara unheM daNDa dene athavA mArane kI buddhi dRSTi viparyAsa kriyAsthAna hai| 6. mRSAvAda pratyayika kriyAsthAna- apane liye yA apane parivAra ke liye jo svayaM asatya bolatA hai, bulavAtA hai athavA bolane vAle kA samarthana karatA hai, vaha muSAvAda pratyayika kriyAsthAna hai| 7. adattAdAna pratyayika kriyAsthAna- isI prakAra apane yA ghara-parivAra ke liye adatta vastu grahaNa karanA arthAt corI karanA, karavAnA tathA usakA anumodana karanA adattAdAna pratyayika kriyAsthAna hai| 8. adhyAtma pratyayika kriyAsthAna - kisI anya ke apamAna athavA tiraskAra na karane para bhI svayameva hIna bhAvanA se grasta, udAsa, dIna, du:khI tathA saMkalpa-vikalpa meM DUbe rahanA adhyAtma pratyaya daNDa hai| isa prakAra ke manuSyoM ke hRdaya meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobhAdi kaSAya pravarttamAna rahate hai| ina kaSAya rUpa bhAvoM se sAvadya karma kA bandha hotA hai, ata: ise adhyAtmapratyaya kriyAsthAna kahA gayA hai| 9. mAnapratyayika kriyAsthAna - jAtimada, kulamada, balamada, rUpamada, tapomada, zrutamada, lAbhamada, aizvaryamada yA prajAmada ina aSTavidha madasthAnoM meM athavA inameM se kisI eka-do meM DUbakara anya vyakti ko hIna samajhatA hai, unakI nindA, bhartsanA yA avahelanA karatA hai tathA svayaM ko viziSTa jAti, kula, bala Adi guNoM se sampanna mAnatA huA garva karatA hai, vaha mAna pratyayika kriyAsthAna kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra mada (abhimAna) kI kriyA dvArA sAvadha karmabandha karatA hai| 10. mitradoSapratyayika kriyAsthAna - koI prabhutva sampanna puruSa mAtApitA Adi parivAra vAloM meM se kisI kA jarA sA aparAdha hone para bhI baiMta, char3I, camar3A, DaNDe se athavA mukke va Dhele se mAra-mAra kara bhArI daNDa detA hai| isa prakAra vaha mahAdaNDa pravartaka apane hitaiSI vyaktiyoM ko mahAdaNDa dene 182 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kI kriyA ke nimitta bhArI pApakarma kA bandha hotA hai ata: ise mitradoSa-pratyayika kahA gayA hai| 11. mAyApratyayika kriyAsthAna - jo vyakti dikhane meM sabhya, ziSTa tathA sarala va sadAcArI mAlUma hote hai, parantu andara se utane hI khokhale, chipakara pApAcAra karanevAle tathA ullU ke samAna atyanta tuccha hone para bhI apane Apako viziSTa parvata ke samAna bhArI samajhate hai| aise mAyAvI puruSa aneka prakAra kI anarthakArI pravRttiyoM ko karane vAle hote hai| ve ihaloka tathA paraloka meM duSphala pAte haye bhI kuTila svabhAva se mukta nahIM ho pAte hai| aise mAyI purUSa mAyA yukta kriyAoM ke kAraNa pApakarma kA baMdha karate rahate hai / ata: isa kriyAsthAna ke mAyApratyayika kriyAsthAna kahA gayA hai | 12. lobhapratyayika kriyAsthAna - zAstrakAra ne isa kriyAsthAna kA svarUpa batalAte huye AraNyaka tApasoM kI caryA ko udAharaNa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| jo adhikAMzata: saMyamI nahIM hai, prANAtipAta- mRSAvAda se virata nahIM hai tathA jaMgala meM, parNakuTiyA meM nivAsa karate huye kandamUla, patraphUla dvArA jIvana nirvAha karate hai, strIbhogoM meM tathA viSaya kaSAyoM meM gRddha, Asakta haiM, aise anyatIrthika pA~ca, chaha yA dasa varSa taka viSaya bhogoM kA sevana karate huye mRtyu ko prApta hokara kilviSI deva banate hai| vahA~ se cyavakara bakare kI taraha mUka tathA janmAndha hote haiN| isa prakAra kI viSayalolupatA kI kriyA se lobhapratyayika pApakarma kA bandha hone se isa kriyArathAna ko lobhapratyAyika kriyAsthAna kahA gayA hai| 13. airyApathika kriyAsthAna - pUrvokta 1 2 kriyAsthAna adharmahatuka pravRtti ke hai| parantu yaha kriyArathAna dharmahatuka pravRtti kA hai| vItarAga chadmastha tathA vItarAgI kevalI kI sayogI avasthA taka yahI kriyAsthAna hotA hai| jo sAdhaka apane AtmabhAva meM sthita hai, parabhAvoM se mukta haiM, pA~ca samiti tathA trigupti se yukta hai, jitendriya, brahmagupti kA dhAraka tathA jayaNA yA upayoga pUrvaka samasta kriyAe~ sampanna karatA hai, yahA~ taka ki pakSma-nikSepa bhI upayoga sahita karatA hai, aisA susaMyata sAdhu sUkSma aipithikI kriyA prApta karatA hai| isa kriyA kA prathama samaya baMdha tathA sparza hotA hai, dvitIya samaya meM vedana (anubhava), va tRtIya samaya meM nirjarA hotI hai| isa prakAra vaha kriyA kramaza: baddha-spRSTa, udIrita, vedita tathA nirjINa ho jAtI hai| cU~ki vItarAga puruSa saMyogAvasthA meM isa kriyA ke kAraNa asAvadya sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 183

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(trisamayAtmaka) karma kA bandha karate hai, isaliye 13veM kriyAsthAna ko airyApathika kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra pUrvokta 12 kriyAsthAnoM ko samyak rUpa se jAnakara sAdhaka unakA tyAga kareM tathA 13veM kriyAsthAna ko prApta kare yA use pAne kI yogyatA arjita kreN| prastuta adhyayana ke 18veM sUtra meM pApazruta adhyayanoM ke prasaMga meM nimitta zAstra, lakSaNa zAstra, jyotiSa zAstra aura mantra zAstra kI aneka jAnakAriyA~ dI gayI hai| sUtrakAra ne 64 prakAra ke pApazruta kA ullekha bhI kiyA hai| aisA jJAna, jisase pApa kA bandha hotA ho athavA jo zAstra pApa kA upAdAna hotA hai, vaha pApazruta kahA jAtA hai| samavAyAMga, Avazyaka niyukti Adi meM unatIsa prakAra ke 'pApazruta prasaMga' nirdiSTa hai|' korA jJAna pApa kA bandha nahIM kraataa| pApa ke bandha meM jJAna kA prayoga hI kAraNa banatA hai| jo vyakti ina sArI vidyAoM kA prayoga bhautika sukha-suvidhAoM kI prApti ke liye karatA hai, vaha pApakarma kA bandha karatA hai tathA pApapUrNa sthAnoM meM utpanna hotA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM ullikhita 64 pApazruta isa prakAra hai - 1. bhauma - tuphAna, bhUkampa Adi kA jJAna karAne vAlA shaastr| 2. utpAta - ulkApAta Adi prAkRtika ghaTanAoM kI vyAkhyA karane vAlA shaastr| svapna - gaja, vRSabha Adi tathA anyAnya dRzyoM ke AdhAra para zubha-azubha batAne vAlA shaastr| antarikSa - jyotiSa zAstra / aMga - A~kha, bhujA Adi phar3akane se zubhAzubha phala batAne vAlA shaastr| svara - svrshaastr| lakSaNa - yava, matsya, padma, zaMkha, cakra Adi cihna athavA hastarekhA ke AdhAra para zubhAzubha phala batAne vAlA shaastr| ___ vyaMjana - tila Adi cihnoM ke AdhAra para zubhAzubha batAne vAlA shaastr| strI lakSaNa shaastr| . 10. puruSa lakSaNa zAstra / 184 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana 9.

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11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. haya lakSaNa zAstra / gaja lakSaNa zAstra / gau lakSaNa zAstra / meSa lakSaNa zAstra | kukkuTa lakSaNa zAstra / tItara lakSaNa zAstra / varttaka lakSaNa zAstra / lAvA lakSaNa zAstra / cakra lakSaNa chatra lakSaNa cakravartI ke chatra kA lakSaNa zAstra | carma lakSaNa - cakravartI ke carma kA lakSaNa zAstra / cakravartI ke daNDa kA lakSaNa zAstra / cakravartI ke asi kA lakSaNa zAstra / cakravartI ke maNi kA lakSaNa zAstra / kAkiNI - cakravartI ke kAkiNI kA lakSaNa zAstra / subhagAkara - durbhAgya ko subhAgya karane vAlI vidyA / dubhagAkara - saubhAgya ko durbhAgya karane vAlI vidyA / garbhAdhAna - kRtrima garbhAdhAna kI vidyA / mohanakara - vyakti ko sammohita yA vAjIkaraNa karane vAlI daNDa lakSaNa asi lakSaNa maNi lakSaNa - - - cakravartI ke cakra kA lakSaNa zAstra / = vidyA / AtharvaNI - atharvaveda se sambandhita maMtra vidyA / pAkazAsanI indrajAla vidyA / dravya homa - uccATana Adi ke liye kI jAne vAlI havana kriyA / kSatriya vidya dhanurveda / candra sarita - candra sambandhI jyotiSa zAstra / 32. 33. 34. 35. sUrya carita - sUrya sambandhI jyotiSa zAstra / zukra carita zukra sambandhI jyotiSa zAstra / 36. 37. 38. ulkApAta 39. digdAha bRhaspati carita - bRhaspati sambandhI jyotiSa zAstra / ulkApAta sambandhI jyotiSa zAstra | dizAdAha sambandhI jyotiSa zAstra / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 185

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40. 42. 43. 46. 48. 49. 50. mRgacakra - grAma, nagara ke praveza para araNya pazuoM ke darzana yA zabda zravaNa ke AdhAra para zubha-azubha batAne vAlA shaastr| vAyasa parimaNDala - kaue Adi pakSiyoM kI avasthiti aura zabda ke AdhAra para zubha-azubha batAne vAlA zAstra / pAMsuvRSTi - dhUla kI vRSTi ke AdhAra para zubhAzubha batAne vAlA shaastr| kezavRSTi - keza vRSTi ke AdhAra para zubhAzubha batAne vAlA zAstra / 44. mA~savRSTi - mA~sa vRSTi ke AdhAra para zubhAzubha batAne vAlA zAstra / rUdhiravRSTi - rakta kI vRSTi ke AdhAra para zubhAzubha batAne vAlA shaastr| vaitAlI - vetAla ke siddha hone para icchita dezakAla meM daNDe ko U~cA uThAne vAlI vidyaa| ardhavaitAlI - vaitAlI kI pratipakSI vidyaa| avasvApinI - nidrA kI pratipakSI vidyA / tAlodghATinI - tAle ko kholanevAlI vidyA / zvapAkI - mAtaMgI vidyaa| maharSi kazyapa ke sabase choTe putra mataMga ne mAnasika vyAdhi kI cikitsA ke liye jo vaijJAnika krama AviSkRta kiyA, vaha 'mAtaMgI vidyA' ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai|" zAbarI - zAbarI jAti kI yA zabara bhASA meM nibaddha vidyaa| drAviDI - tamila, telagu tathA kannaDa tInoM drAviDI bhASAe~ hai| unameM nibaddha vidyA drAviDI hai| kAliMgI - kaliMga deza kI bhASA meM nibaddha vidyaa| gaurI - eka mAtaMga vidyaa| gAndhArI - eka mAtaMga vidyA / avapatanI - nIce girAne vAlI vidyaa| utpatanI - U~cA uThAne vAlI vidyA / 58. jRmbhaNI - ubAsI lAne vAlI vidyaa| staMbhanI - staMbhita karane vAlI vidyA / zleSaNI - jaMghA tathA UrU ko Asana se cipakAne vAlI vidyA / AmayakaraNI - roga utpanna karane vAlI vidyaa| 186 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana . 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 59. 60. 61.

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vizalyakaraNI - zalya ko nikAlane vAlI vidyA / auSadhijJAna / prakrAmaNI - bhUta dUra karane vAlI vidyA / antardhAna adRzya hone kI vidyA / 62. 63. 64. unnIsaveM sUtra meM caudaha prakAra ke krUra karma batalAye hai| inake adhyayana se tAtkAlIna samAja vyavasthA meM hone vAle AcaraNoM kA spaSTa nirdeza milatA hai| - jo mahApApI vyakti apane liye, jAti, ghara, parivAra yA paricita ke nimitta 1. AnugAyika - (sahagAmI) 2. upacaraka - (sevaka) 3. prAtipathika - (baDamAra) 4. sandhiccheda - (seMdha lagAne vAlA) 5. granthicchedaka - (jeba katarA ) 6. aurabhrika - (bher3a kA vadha karane vAlA) 7. zaukarika - ( sUara ko mArane vAlA) 8. vAgurika - (zikArI) 9. cIDImAra 10. mAtsyika - (machuArA) 11. gopAlaka * (gvAlA) 12. goghAtaka 13. zvapAlaka ( kuttoM ko pAlane vAlA) 14. zauvanika - zikArI kuttoM se zikAra karane vAlA hotA hai, vaha vipula karmoM kA bandha kara nimnatama gati meM jAtA hai| - - yahA~ manuSya kA tIna prakAra se vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai - (1) dharmapakSa meM sthita (2) adharmapakSa meM sthita tathA (3) mizra ( dharma-adharma) pakSa meM sthita / adharma pakSa ke vikalpoM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt dharma pakSa meM sthita muni kI vRtti - pravRtti kA sundara vizleSaNa karate hue use aneka zreSTha upamAoM se upamita kiyA gayA hai / jo gRhastha mahArambhI, mahAparigrahI hai, ve adharma pakSa sthita hai| tApasa, parivrAjaka Adi mizra - (dharma-adharma) pakSa meM sthita hote hai / anta meM ina tInoM pakSoM kA, dharma tathA adharma ina doM pakSoM meM samAveza kara diyA gayA hai| adharma sthAna meM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI tathA vinayavAdI ina cAra koTi ke prAvAdukoM kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai, jo 363 bheda vAle hai| ye sabhI apane-apane mata ke AgrahI, ekAntavAdI tathA hiMsA kA samarthana karane vAle hone se dharmapakSa se rahita hai / yahA~ zAstrakAra ne 363 matavAdiyoM ko adharma sthAnIya siddha karane ke liye eka dRSTAnta dekara ahiMsA dharma kI pradhAnatA siddha kI hai| jo dharma ahiMsA se yukta hai, vahI kalyANakArI hai, apavarga ko dene vAlA hai| 'Atmavat sarvabhUteSu' samasta prANiyoM ko apane samAna dekhanA hI ahiMsA kI sahI vyAkhyA hai | ahiMsA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 187

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kA sundara nidarzana zAstrakAra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai- kisI sthAna para aneka prAvAduka samavasRta hai| eka vyakti jalate huye aMgAroM se bhare pAtra ko saMDAsI se pakar3a kara lAtA hai aura eka-eka se kahatA hai - 'pratyeka prAvAduka aMgAroM se bhare isa loha pAtra ko apane-apane hAtha meM thAme rkhe|' vaha usa pAtra ko unakI ora bar3hAtA hai| ve sabhI apanA hAtha pIche khIMca lete hai| vaha pUchatA hai - Apa hAtha pIche kyoM khIMca rahe hai ? prAvAduka kahate hai - kyA hamAre hAtha nahIM jala jAyeMge ? taba kyA hameM pIr3A nahIM hogI? vaha vyakti kahatA hai - jaise tumheM sukha priya hai aura du:kha apriya, usI prakAra jagat ke samasta prANI sukha cAhate hai, jInA cAhate hai| koI du:kha nahIM cAhatA, maranA nahIM caahtaa| du:kha sabhI ko akAnta aura apriya hai| yahI AtmatulA hai, yahI pramANa hai, yahI Atmopamya kA siddhAnta hai| isa adhyayana kA sAra-saMkSepa yahI hai ki bAraha kriyAoM meM pravRtti karane vAlA karma bandhanoM meM jakar3akara saMsAra bhramaNa ko bar3hAtA hai jabaki teharavI kriyA maiM gatimAna AtmA saMsAra kA uccheda kara siddhi ko prApta karatA hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 165 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi - pR.-336 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi - pR.-336 ThANaM - 2/2/37 tattvArtha sUtra - 6/6 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 304 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 166 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 304/305 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 308 vahI - 309 Avazyaka niyukti, avacUrNi bhAga - 2, pR. 136 samavAyAMga, samavAya 29 kA pahalA TippaNa, pR. - 154-155 kAzyapa saMhitA - revatI kalpAdhyAya-prANAcArya-pR. - 447, Ti.naM. 4 meM uddhRt| 188 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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haiN| 3. AhAraparijJA adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (dvi. zru.) ke tRtIya adhyayana kA nAma ' AhAra parijJA' AhAra zarIradhArI kI prathama AvazyakatA hai| AhAra ke binA zarIra kI sthiti asambhava hai| sAdhaka bhI apanI sAdhanA ko gatimAna rakhane ke liye AhAra grahaNa karatA hai parantu jo AhAra zuddha hai, niravadya hai, doSa rahita hai, vahI AhAra zarIra kI rakSA ke liye grahaNIya hai / prastuta adhyayana meM isI bAta kI ora sAdhaka kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA gayA hai ki vaha sAdhanA ko nirAbAdha calAne ke liye kaisA AhAra grahaNa kare, jisase usake bhAvoM meM, cintana meM satata zuddhi vardhamAna rhe| isake atirikta trasa tathA sthAvara prANiyoM ke janma tathA AhAra ke sambandha meM bhI vistRta vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| niyuktikAra ' ne AhAra zabda ke bhI nikSepa kiye hai - nAma AhAra, sthApanA AhAra, dravya AhAra, kSetra AhAra aura bhAva AhAra / nAma sthApanA kI vyAkhyA na karate huye dravya AhAra ke tIna prakAra batAye hai- sacitta, acitta aura mizra / 1. sacitta dravyAhAra sacitta dravya AhAra ke chaha prakAra hai| 2 (a) pRthvIkAya AhAra - lavaNAdi kA AhAra / (ba) apkAya AhAra pAnI kA sevana / (sa) tejaskAya AhAra - agnimUSaka (agni meM utpanna cUhe ) agni kA AhAra karate hai / manuSya Adi prajjvalita agni kA AhAra nahIM karate para loma AhAra ke rUpa meM usakA AhAra karate hI hai / " karate hai| - (da) vAyukAya AhAra - loma AhAra ke rUpa meM vAyu kA sevana / (i) vanaspatikAya AhAra - kandamUla, phala Adi kA AhAra | (pha) sakAya AhAra hiMstra pazu jIvita prANI kA AhAra (2) acitta dravyAhAra hai, jaise- dUdha, ghRtAdi / - - jIva rahita dravya kA AhAra acitta dravyAhAra ( 3 ) mizrita dravyAhAra - sajIva-nirjIva mizrita dravya kA AhAra mizrita dravyAhAra hai| kSetra AhAra - jisa kSetra kA jo AhAra hotA hai, vaha kSetrAhAra hai / jaise cAvala dakSiNavAsiyoM kA AhAra hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 189

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bhAva AhAra - sacitta, acitta aura mizra dravyoM ke varNa, gaMdha, rasa Adi ko apanI buddhi se pRthaka-pRthak kara unakA (varNAdi kA) AharaNa karanA, bhAva AhAra hai| AhAra jihvendriya kA viSaya hai| AhAra ke mukhya rasa hai- tikta, kaTuka, kaSAya, amla aura madhura / ' AhAraka prANI kI apekSA se bhAva AhAra tIna prakAra kA hotA hai - (1) oja AhAra (2) loma AhAra tathA (3) prakSepa AhAra / (1) oja AhAra - oja arthAt shriir| jo AhAra zarIra se liyA jAtA hai, use oja AhAra kahate hai| aparyAptaka avasthA meM tejasa tathA kArmaNa zarIra se liyA jAne vAlA AhAra, jaba taka apara audArika tathA vaikriya zarIra kI niSyatti nahIM hotI, oja AhAra kahalAtA hai|' jIva apane utpatti kSetra meM jAkara pahale tejasa tathA kArmaNa zarIra se AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| usake bAda jaba taka upayukta zarIra kI niSpatti nahIM hotI, taba taka vaha audArika mizra yA vaikriya mizra zarIra se AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| kucha AcAryoM kA mata hai ki audArika Adi zarIra paryApti se paryApta hone para bhI jIva jaba taka indriya, zvAsocchavAsa, bhASA tathA mana: paryApti se paryApta nahIM hotA, taba taka mAtra zarIra piNDa se grahaNa kiyA jAne vAlA AhAra bhI oja AhAra hI kahalAtA hai|' oja AhAra lene vAle sabhI jIva aparyAptaka hote hai, kyoMki unake indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana:paryApti nahIM hotI hai| zarIra paryApti kA nirmANa AhAra paryApti ke hone para hI hotA hai| __ (2) loma AhAra - niyuktikAra' ke anusAra paryAptaka jIva loma AhAra grahaNa karate hai| cUrNikAra ne tvacA aura sparza se AhAra lenA loma AhAra mAnA hai| jaise garmI se uttapta prANI chAyA meM jAkara zItala pudgaloM ko zarIra ke samasta roma kUpoM se grahaNa karatA hai tathA zItala vAyu se apane Apa ko Azvasta karatA hai, pa~khe se havA letA hai, snAna karatA huA pAnI ke zItala pudgaloM ko roma kUpoM se grahaNa karatA hai, yaha sArA loma AhAra hai| zIta se kampAyamAna ardhamRta manuSya bhI agni ke tApa se svastha ho jAtA hai| vAyu Adi ke sparza se hone vAlA yaha lomAhAra nirantara hotA rahatA hai kintu yaha carmacakSuoM se dikhAyI nahIM detaa| yaha pratisamayavartI hai| vRttikAra ke anusAra zarIra paryApti ke uttarakAla meM bAhya tvacA aura loma 190 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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(roma) se liyA jAnevAlA AhAra loma AhAra hai / " 3. prakSepa AhAra kavala Adi ke prakSepa se liyA jAne vAlA AhAra prazkSepa AhAra hai| isakA saMbaMdha kSudhAvedanIya karma ke udaya se hai| kavalAhAra niyatakAlika hotA hai, sadA sarvadA nahIM hotA / paryAptaka jIva loma AhAra evaM prakSepa AhAra arthAt kavalAhArI hote hai / " ekendriya jIvoM, devatAoM tathA nArakIya jIvoM ke prakSepa AhAra nahIM hotaa| zeSa saMsArI jIvoM ke prakSepa AhAra hotA hai| 3 uttarakuru tathA devakuru ke nivAsI tIna-tIna dina ke antara se prakSepa AhAra karate hai| saMkhyeyavarSAyuSka vAle prANI bhI nirantara prakSepa AhAra nahIM krte| unake bhI sparza se nirantara AhAra hotA hai| - 14 (1) prakSepa AhAra kucha AcArya ina tIna prakAra ke AhAroM kI bhinna vyAkhyA karate hai / " " jo AhAra jihvA se grahaNakara sthUla zarIra prakSipta kiyA jAtA hai, vaha prakSepa AhAra hai| jo AhAra ghrANa, cakSu aura karNa se grahaNakara dhAtuoM ke rUpa meM pariNata kiyA jAtA hai, vaha oja AhAra hai / jo kevala sparzana indriya se grahaNakara dhAtu rUpa meM pariNata kiyA jAtA hai, vaha loma AhAra hai / isI krama meM niyuktikAra ne anAhAraka jIvoM kA bhI kathana kiyA hai| 15 nimnokta cAra avasthAoM meM jIva AhAra grahaNa nahIM karatA (2) oja AhAra (3) loma AhAra - - - ( 1 ) bhavAntara me jAte samaya vakragati (vigrahagati) meM rahA huA jIva AhAra grahaNa nahIM krtaa| tattvArtha sUtra ke anusAra " saMsArI jIva vigrahagati meM eka yA do samaya anAhAraka hotA hai| - (2) kevalI samudghAta ke tIsare, cauthe tathA pA~cave samaya meM / (3) sAdika anidhana - zaileSI avasthA se prArambha kara ananta kAla taka / ( 4 ) siddhAvasthA meM / ina cAra avasthAoM ke atirikta samasta avasthAoM meM jIva AhAra grahaNa karatA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM AhAra saMjJA kI utpatti ke cAra kAraNa batAe haiM -1" ( 1 ) jaTharAgni ke pradIpta hone se (2) kSudhA vedanIya karmodaya se (3) AhAra jJAna se tathA ( 4 ) AhAra kI cintA se / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 191

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isI krama meM vRttikAra ne kevalIbhukti kA niSedha karane vAle vidvAnoM kA mantavya prastuta karate huye yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki kevalI meM kavalAhAra grahaNa karane ke cAra kAraNa vidyamAna hai- (1) paryAptitva, (2) vedanIya udaya, (3) AhAra ko pacAne vAlA tejasa zarIra tathA (4) diirghaayussktaa| ye cAroM hI kAraNa kevalI meM kevalajJAna hone se pUrva bhI vidyamAna the tathA kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt bhI zaileSI avasthA ke pUrva taka vidyamAna rahane se kevalI zaileSIkaraNa kI pUrva avasthA taka kavalAhAra grahaNa karate hai| isameM koI bhI yukti bAdhaka nahIM ho sktii| bauddha paramparA meM AhAra kA eka prakAra kavalikAra AhAra mAnA gayA hai, jo gandha, rasa evaM sparza rUpa hai| kavalikAra AhAra do prakAra kA hai - audAriya yA sthUla AhAra tathA sUkSma AhAra / janmAntara prApta karate samaya gati meM rahe haye jIvoM kA AhAra sUkSma hotA hai| sUkSma prANiyoM kA AhAra bhI sUkSma hI hotA hai, isake atirikta sparza AhAra manasa, cetanA evaM vijJAna rUpa tIna prakAra ke AhAra aura mAne gaye hai, jo kAmAdi tIna dhAtuoM meM rahate hai|" prastuta adhyayana meM AhAra aura yoni ke AdhAra para vanaspati ke bAraha prakAra nirdiSTa kie haiM - 1. pRthvIyonika vRkSa 2. vRkSayonika adhyAroha vRkSa 3. udakayonika vRkSa 4. udakayonika adhyAroha vRkSa 5. pRthvIyonika tRNa 6. udakayonika tRNa 7. pRthvIyonika auSadhi 8. udakayonika auSadhi 9. pRthvIyonika harita 10. udakayonika harita 11. pRthvIyonika kuhaNa 12. udakayonika kuhaNa ina pratyeka ke cAra-cAra AlApaka haiN| sUtrakAra ne adhyayana ke prArambha meM bIjakAya ke prakAra tathA AhAra ke sambandha meM vivecanA kI hai| jinakA zarIra hI bIja hai, aise bIjakAya vAle jIva cAra 192 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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prakAra ke hote hai- agrabIja, mUlabIja, parvabIja tathA skandhabIja / (1) jinake bIja agrabhAga meM utpanna hote hai, ve bIja agrabIja hai - jaise tADa, Ama, zAla, koraNTaka Adi / mUla Adi / ( 3 ) jo parva se utpanna hote hai, ve parvabIja kahalAte hai - jaise ikSu aadi| ( 2 ) jo se utpanna hote haiM, ve mUlabIja kahalAte hai - jaise adaraka (4) jinake DaMThala bIja rUpa meM kAma Ate hai, ve skandhabIja kahalAte hai - jaise zallakI Adi / ye cAroM hI vanaspatikAyika jIva apane-apane jIva se apekSita kAla, jala, bhUmi tatha sAtha hI karma se prerita hokara utpanna hote hai, tathApi ye pRthvIyonika kahalAte hai kyoMki inakI utpatti kA kAraNa jaise bIja hai, vaise hI pRthvI bhI hai| isI anukrama meM vRkSayonika arthAt vRkSa se utpanna hone vAle vRkSa tathA vRkSayonika vRznoM meM hI vRkSa rUpa utpanna hone vAle vRkSayonika vRkSoM kI bhI utpatti, sthiti, vRddhi tathA AhArAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ eka bAta spaSTa kI gayI hai ki vRkSa ke aMgopAMga ke rUpa meM utpanna mUla, kanda, skandha, tvak (chAla), zAkhA, pravAla, patra, puSpa, phala aura bIja ina dasa avayavoM ke jIva pRthak-pRthak hai aura vRkSa kA sarvAMga vyApaka jo jIva hai, vaha inase pRthak hai / ye saba vanaspatiyonika vanaspati jIva hai 1 isa prakAra yahA~ kucha zabdoM ko badalakara punaH unhIM AlApakoM kI punarAvRtti ke dvArA, vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke vibhinna prakAra batAte hue vanaspati meM jIvatva kI siddhi kI hai / ullekhanIya hai ki zAkyamatAnuyAyI sthAvaroM ko jIva kA zarIra nahIM mAnate / parantu inheM viziSTa AhAra milane para jo saMvarddhana tathA na milane para jo kRzatA parilakSita hotI hai, vaha inameM jIvatva ko hI siddha karatI hai| sakAya ke prakaraNa meM manuSya, jalacara, sthalacara tathA khecara ke AhAra padoM kA varNana hai / antima AlApaka dvArA adhyayana kA upasaMhAra karate huye sAmAnya rUpa se samasta prANiyoM kI avasthAoM kA kathana kiyA hai / yahA~ eka prazna hotA hai ki SaDjIvanikAyoM meM vanaspati pA~cavA jIvanikAya hai / prastuta adhyayana meM usakA varNana pahale kara phira pRthvIkAya Adi kA varNana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 193

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kyoM ? isa sandarbha meM cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra kA yaha kathana hai ki pA~ca sthAvarakAyoM meM vanaspati hI eka aisA jIvanikAya hai, jisakA caitanya anya sthAvara jIvanikAyoM se spaSTatara hai| isakI cetanatA pratyakSa dRSTigata hone se sahaja svIkArya hai, jabaki zeSa cAra sthAvarakAyoM ke prati zraddhA honA duSkara hotA hai| isalie unakA varNana pazcAt kiyA gayA hai| ___ katipaya loga aisA mAnate hai ki isa janma meM jIva jaisA hotA hai, vaha agale janma meM bhI vaisA hI jIvana dhAraNa karatA hai| arthAt puruSa-puruSa rUpa meM tathA strI-strI rUpa meM utpanna hotI hai| jisa prakAra Ama ke bIja se Ama kA hI vRkSa utpanna hotA hai, babUla kA nhiiN| isa tarka kA bhI yahA~ khaNDana kiyA hai| zAstrakAra kahate hai 'savve pANA savve bhUyA savve jIvA kammovagA kammaNiyANA kammagaiyA kammaThiiyA kammaNA ceva vippariyAsamuti' arthAt samasta prANI apaneapane vibhinna karmAnusAra hI gati, yoni, sthiti Adi ko prApta karate hai| jIva mAtra ko sukha priya aura du:kha apriya hai tathApi pUrvakRta karma ke prabhAva se ve nAnA yoniyoM meM bhaTakate hue du:kha sahana karate hai| vivekI sAdhaka ina samasta prANiyoM ke prati ahiMsA tathA karUNA kA bhAva rkhe| tathA jisa AhAra se hiMsA hotI hai, aisA sAvadya AhAra grahaNa na kre| sAdhaka prastuta AhAra parijJA adhyayana se jJa parijJA dvArA heya-jJeya-upAdeya ko samyaktayA samajhe tathA pratyAkhyAna parijJA dvArA heya (sAvadya) doSa se dUSita AhAra kA tyAga kre| jo saMyama pAlana meM sadA yatnazIla hai, AhAra zuddhi meM sajaga hai, vahI sAdhaka nirvANa ko prApta hotA hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 169-171 ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 342/343 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 376 vahI vahI a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 170 ba). sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 377 sa). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 343-344 194 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 343 vahI (ka) sUtrakRtAMga niyuktigAthA - 172 : oyAhArA jIvA savve apajjattagA muNeyavvA / (kha) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 377 (ga) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 343/344 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 172 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA a). vahI, gA. 173 ba) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 377/378 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 174 tattvArtha sUtra 2/31 ThANaM - 4/579 'cauhiM ThANehiM AhAra saNNA samupajjai, - taM jahA omakoTThayAe, chuhAveyaNijjarasa kammarasa udaraNaM, maIe, tayaTThovaogeNaM' / sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 345/346 abhidhAna koza, tRtIya koza sthAna, zloka 38-44 (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 384 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - - 377: tayAi phAseNa loma AhAro / 343 - - 378 171/172 - 352-355 4. pratyAkhyAna kriyA adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (dvi. zru.) ke caturtha adhyayana kA nAma 'pratyAkhyAna kriyA' hai| pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai- virati aura apratyAkhyAna kA artha hai- avirati / avirati Azrava hai| yaha karmAgamana kA dvAra hai / jaba taka yaha dvAra khulA hai, taba taka karma Ate rahate hai / virati rUpI dvAra se karma kA Agamana baMda ho jAtA hai| pratyAkhyAna zabda jaina darzana kA eka pAribhASika zabda hai| koSa ke anusAra isake nimnalikhita artha hai ' 1. tyAga karane kA nizcaya (saMkalpa) lenA / 2. parityAga karane kI pratijJA karanA / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 195

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3. nindya karmoM se nivRtti lenaa| 4. ahiMsAdi mUlaguNoM tathA sAmAyikAdi uttaraguNoM ke AcaraNa meM bAdhaka siddha hone vAlI pravRttiyoM kA yathAzakti tyAga karanA / niyuktikAra' ne pratyAkhyAna ke cha: nikSepa kiye hai| nAma, sthApanA sugama hai| dravya pratyAkhyAna meM dravyoM-padArthoM ke upabhoga kA tyAga hotA hai| dravya pratyAkhyAna sacitta, acitta tathA mizra ke bheda se tIna prakAra kA hai| muni sabhI sacitta dravyoM kA yAvajjIvana ke liye tyAga karatA hai| zrAvaka bhI sacitta pAnI, kandamUla, phala Adi vanaspati kA tyAga karatA hai| koI yAvajjIvana ke lie acitta madyamA~sa Adi kA parityAga karatA hai| koI eka vigaya kA, koI sabhI kA. to koI mahAvigayoM kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai| bhAva pratyAkhyAna ke do bheda hai - anta:karaNa se zuddha sAdhu yA zrAvaka ke mUlaguNa pratyAkhyAna tathA uttaraguNa prtyaakhyaan| prastuta adhyayana meM bhAva pratyAkhyAna hI vivakSita hai| bhAva pratyAkhyAna kriyA niravadya anuSThAna rUpa hone se Atmazuddhi ke liye sAdhaka hai, isake viparIta apratyAkhyAna kriyA sAvadyAnuSThAna rUpa hone se Atmazuddhi meM bAdhaka hai| jo AtmA bhAva pratyAkhyAna nahIM karatA, vaha apratyAkhyAna bhAvakriyA se utpanna karmabandha tathA usase niSyanna saMsAra meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai| pratyAkhyAna na karane vAle ko bhagavAna ne asaMyata, avirata, asaMvRtta, bAla, supta tathA pApakriyA kahA hai| aisA puruSa viveka rahita hone ke kAraNa satata karmabandha karatA rahatA hai| prastuta adhyayana meM saMvAda zailI apanAyI gayI hai, jisakA prArambha "suyaM me AusaM teNa' se hotA hai| __ adhyayana ke prArambha meM apratyAkhyAnI AtmA kesvarUpa tathA prakAra sambandhI carcA kI gayI hai| yahA~ mUlapATha meM jIva zabda ke sthAna para AtmA zabda kA prayoga huA hai| vRttikAra kA abhimata hai ki 'AtmA' zabda kA grahaNa jainetara darzanoM ke nirasana ke lie kiyA gayA hai| jaise1. apratyAkhyAnI AtmA nAnAvidha yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatA hai| AtmA kA vyutpattiparaka artha bhI yahI hai, jo vibhinna yoniyoM yA gatiyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA hai|'' 2. bauddha darzana meM AtmA ke ekAnta kSaNika hone se usakA pratyAkhyAnI honA sambhava nahIM hai| ata: bauddha darzana sammata AtmasambandhI mAnyatA 196 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kA nirAkaraNa bhI "AtmA' zabda se ho jAtA hai| 3. sAMkhya AtmA ko utpatti-vinAza se rahita sthira (kuTastha) eka svabhAva vAlA mAnate hai| aisA sthira AtmA na to nAnA yoniyoM meM gamana kara sakatA hai, na hI koI pratyAkhyAna / tathA AtmA ko sthira mAnA jAye to vaha tinake ko bhI nahIM mor3a sakatA, taba pratyAkhyAna to asambhava hI hai| isa prakAra sAMkhyasammata AtmA kI mAnyatA ayuktisaMgata hai, yaha sUcita karane ke liye hI AtmA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| cUrNikAra kA mata hai ki pratyAkhyAna-apratyAkhyAna meM AtmA kA hI saMbaMdha hai, kyoMki pratyAkhyAna AtmA hI kara sakatA hai, ajIva ghaTa, paTAdi nhiiN| jisa AtmA ne pUrNa sAvadya yoga kA pratyAkhyAna kara liyA, vaha pUrNa pratyAkhyAnI hotA hai|' saMvAda kI zrRMkhalA meM ziSya dvArA yaha prazna kiyA jAtA hai ki jisake mana, vacana, kAyA pApayukta hai, jo samanaska hai, jo hiMsA yukta manovyApAra se yukta hai, vacana dvArA bhI pApa-pravRtti karatA hai tathA kAya dvArA bhI hiMsA karatA hai, vaha pApakarma kA baMdha kare-yaha ThIka hai, parantu jo amanaska hai, jinake mana, vacana, kAyA pApayukta nahIM hai, kyA vaha bhI pApakarma kA baMdha karatA hai ? zAstrakAra isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hai ki jisa jIva ne pratyAkhyAna dvArA. Azrava dvAra kA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai, cAhe usake mana, vacana, kAyA pApayukta na ho, vaha amanaska ho to bhI apratyAkhyAnI hone ke kAraNa satata pApakarma kA baMdha karatA rahatA hai| ise spaSTa karane ke liye zAstrakAra ne eka sundara rUpaka kI kalpanA kI hai. jaise eka vyakti vadhaka (vadha karane vAlA) hai| usane socA ki amuka gRhastha, gRhastha putra yA rAjapuruSa kI hatyA karanI hai| abhI thor3I dera vizrAma kara luuN| maukA pAte hI usake ghara meM ghusakara use khatma kara duuNgaa| aisA duSTa cintana karane vAlA sote haye, jAgate haye, baiThate haye nirantara vadha karane kI bhAvanA se vyApta hotA hai tathA maukA milate hI kisI bhI samaya apanI hatyA kI bhAvanA ko kriyA rUpa meM pariNata bhI kara sakatA hai| apanI isa hiMsaka manovRtti ke kAraNa vaha nirantara pApakarma kA baMdha karatA rahatA hai| ata: jo jIva sarvathA saMyama rahita hai, pratyAkhyAna rahita hai, ve samasta SaDjIvanikAya ke prati hiMsaka bhAvanA se ota-prota hone ke kAraNa karmabaMdha karate rahate hai| isa pApa karmabaMdha rUpa Azrava ko rokane ke liye pratyAkhyAna saMvara dvAra hai| sAvadya kriyAoM kA jitanA tyAga sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 197

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kiyA jAtA hai, utane hI aMza meM pApakarma kA baMdha svataH rUka jAtA hai / jo jIva asaMyata, avirata, apratyAkhyAnI hote hai, unake amaryAdita manovRtti ke kAraNa pApa ke samasta dvAra khule rahate hai / parantu jo pratyAkhyAna rUpa maryAdA ko svIkAra karatA hai, vaha usameM apanI AtmA ko surakSita tathA pApakarma se mukta karatA hai| adhyayana kI samApti meM sUtrakAra ne sAdhaka ko AtmatulA ke siddhAnta se samasta jIvoM ke prati ahiMsA rakhane kA nirdeza diyA hai| jo sAdhaka 18 pApasthAnakoM se virata hokara kisI bhI prakAra kI sAvadya kriyA kA sevana nahIM karatA, vahI sAdhaka saMyata, virata tathA saMvarayukta hai / prastuta adhyayana kI vRtti meM vRttikAra ne nAgArjunIya vAcanA kA pAThAntara bhI diyA hai / ' 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. sandarbha evaM TippaNI pAiasaddamahaNNavo - pR. 57 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa bhAga -1/ pR. a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 179/180 ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra sUtrakRtAMga cUrNa, pR. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 361 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 361 : atati satalaM (vibhinna gatiSu yoniSu ca) gacchatIti AtmA / sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra vahI - 364 - - - - - 360,361 389-390 390, 391 363, 364 - 162 5. AcArazruta aNagAra zruta adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke (dvi. zru.) paJcama adhyayana kA nAma 'AcArazruta' hai| prastuta adhyayana meM AcAra kA varNana hone se isakA 'AcArazruta' yaha nAma sArthaka hai| anAcAra kA pratiSedha hone se niyuktikAra ne isakA dUsarA nAma 'anagArazruta' bhI batalAyA hai|' vRttikAra ne bhI matAntara ke rUpa meM isI nAma kI puSTi kI hai| sAdhaka jaba taka samagra anAcAroM kA tyAga yA pratyAkhyAna nahIM karatA, taba taka vaha paMcamahAvratoM tathA aSTa pravacana mAtA kA samyak ArAdhaka nahIM 198 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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ho sktaa| isa prakAra anAcAroM ko jAnakara usake tyAga kA varNana hone se prastuta adhyayana ko anAcAra zrUta bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| niyuktikAra ke anusAra AcAra tathA zruta kA vivecana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| cUrNikAra ne ise spaSTa karate huye likhA hai ki 'AcAra zabda ke nikSepa dazavaikAlika ke tRtIya kSullikAcArakathA adhyayana kI niyukti meM tathA zruta pada kA nikSepa uttarAdhyayana ke prathama vinaya zruta adhyayana kI niyukti meM upalabdha hai|' AcAra ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya tathA bhAva ye cAra nikSepa hai| dravya AcAra arthAt dravya kA usa avasthA meM pariNamana / 1. dravya AcAra ke chaha prakAra hai - nAmana (jhukAnA), dhAvana (dhonA), vAsana (sugandha denA), zikSApaNa (zikSaNa), sukaraNa (saralatA se rUpAntarita karanA), avirodha-avirUddha mishrnn| 2. bhAva AcAra ke pA~ca prakAra hai - darzana AcAra, jJAna AcAra, cAritra AcAra, tapa AcAra tathA vIrya aacaar| (1) darzanAcAra ke ATha prakAra - ni:zaMkita, ni:kAMkSita, nirvicikitsA, amUDhadRSTi, upabRMhaNa, sthirikaraNa, vAtsalya aura prbhaavnaa| (2) jJAnAcAra ke ATha prakAra - kAla, vinaya, bahumAna, upadhAna, anihnavaNa, vyaMjana, artha aura tdubhy| (3) cAritrAcAra ke ATha prakAra - pA~ca samitiyoM tathA tIna guptiyoM se praNidhAna - yogayukta honaa| (4) tapAcAra ke bAraha prakAra - anazana, UnodarI, vRtti saMkSepa, rasaparityAga, kAya kleza, pratisaMlInatA rUpa bAhyatapa tathA prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, vyUtsarga rUpa Abhyantara tapa meM aglAna tathA nispRha rahanA tapAcAra (5) vIryAcAra - jo apane bala tathA vIrya kA gopana nahIM karatA, jo zAstrokta vidhi se AcAra meM parAkrama karatA hai tathA apane sAmarthyAnusAra svayaM ko usameM niyojita karatA hai, vaha vIryAcAra hai| 'zrUta' pada ke cAra nikSepa hai - nAma, sthApanA, dravya tathA bhaav| dravyazruta - zruta kA grahaNa aura zrUta kA nihavana krnaa| bhAvazruta - zruta meM upyukt-tnmy|' prastuta adhyayana kA uddezya hai- sAdhu AcAra tathA anAcAra kA jJAtA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 199

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hokara AcAra pAlana tathA anAcAra tyAga meM kuzala va nipuNa bne| vaha anAcAra rUpa kumArga ko chor3akara AcAra rUpa sumArga kA pathika bane, jisase apane abhISTa lakSya ko prApta kara sake / AcArazruta adhyayana 33 gAthAoM meM grathita hai| prArambhika gAthAoM meM ekAntavAda ko mithyAkathana evaM anAcAra ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya gAthA meM jagat kI nityatA tathA anityatA ke viSaya meM uhApoha hai| kucha dArzanika zAzvatavAdI hai, kucha ashaashvtvaadii| sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra dravya anAdi ananta hai, jabaki bauddha darzana ke anusAra dravya sAdi-sAMta arthAt utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa ho jAtA hai| ye donoM hI dRSTiyA~ - aikAntika zAzvatavAda tathA aikAntika azAzvatavAda-doSapUrNa hai / yahA~ tIsarI anekAnta dRSTi ko samyak batAyA gayA hai / vaha hai- zAzvata azAzvatavAda / dArzanika phalitArtha yaha hai ki ekAntavAda mithyA hai, avyavahArya hai / anekAntavAda samyag hai, vyavahArya hai / jo dArzanika loka ko ekAntataH zAzvata yA azAzvata, jagatkarttA ko ekAntataH nitya yA anitya, prANI ko ekAntataH karmabaddha yA karmamukta, ekAntataH sadRza yA visadRza mAnate hai, ve midhyA pravAda " karate hai| Age kI gAthAoM meM sUtrakAra ne 17 pratipakSI yugaloM kA kathana kiyA hai| inakA saMjJAna samyaktva kI pRSThabhUmi banatA hai, isaliye zAstrakAra ne inake astitva ko svIkAra karane kA parAmarza diyA hai| ina yugaloM se usa samaya kI dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA bhI bodha hotA hai| kucha dArzanika jIva, dharma, baMdha, puNya, devatA, svarga Adi ko svIkArate the aura kucha unako nakArate the| jaina darzana ina sabake astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai| ye yugala isa prakAra hai - loka- aloka, jIva- ajIva, dharma-adharma, bandha-mokSa, puNya-pApa, Azrava-saMvara, vedanA-nirjarA, kriyA-akriyA, krodha-mAna, mAyAlobha, prema-dveSa, cAturgatika saMsAra- acAturgatika saMsAra, deva-devI, siddhi - asiddhi, siddhigati-asiddhigati, sAdhu-asAdhu, kalyANa- pApa / cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne ina sabako syAdvAda ke AdhAra para siddha karane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai / " isa adhyayana meM vyavahArika anAcAroM kA kathana na kara, saiddhAntika anAcAroM arthAt ekAntavAda sevana na karane kA parAmarza diyA gayA hai| yahA~ darzana - dRSTi aura vacana kA anAcAra vivakSita hai| 200 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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prastuta adhyayana meM AcAra zabda darzana AcAra tathA vAk AcAra artha meM prayukta huA hai| saMyamI sAdhaka tIrthaMkara dvArA upadiSTa AcaraNIya mArga meM apane Apa ko sthApita kare, yahI isa adhyayana kA phalitArtha hai / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 8. 7. sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 183 'to aNagAra suyaMti ya hoI nAmaM tu eyarasa / ' sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 371 - keSAcinmatenaitasyAdhyayanasya anagAzruta mityetannAma bhavati iti / sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. niyukti paMcaka uttarAdhyayana niyukti gAthA (ka) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. (kha) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - - 402 da. vasA - 182 AyAra suyaM bhaNiyaM / ' - 402 khaNDa 3, dazavaikAlika niyukti gAthA - - 29 407-409 377-382 6. ArdrakIya adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke SaSThama adhyayana kA nAma 'ArdrakIya' hai / muni Ardraka kA vibhinna matavAdiyoM ke sAtha vAda-prativAda kA saMkalana hone ke kAraNa prastuta adhyayana kA nAma ArdrakIya rakhA gayA hai| niyuktikAra ' ne Ardra zabda ke cAra nikSepa kiye hai| nAma Ardra, sthApanA Ardra, dravya Ardra tathA bhAva Ardra hai| nAma tathA sthApanA nikSepa ko gauNa karake dravya Ardra ke vibhinna udAharaNa isa prakAra prastuta kiye gaye hai| - a. udakArdra - pAnI se miTTI Adi dravya ko Ardra karanA / ba. sArArdra - bAhara se zuSka tathA madhya se Ardra, jaise - zrIparNI phala / sa. chaviArdra - snigdha tvacA vAle dravya, jaise muktAphala, rakta, azoka Adi / - 154-161 vasA - carbI se Ardra / - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 201

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i. zleSA - staMbha, kuDya Adi vajralepa se lipt| bhAvArdra - rAga bhAva se jo jIva Ardra hai, vaha bhAvaArdra hai| niyuktikAra ne dravyArdra ke anya tIna prakAra bhI batAye hai (1) ekamavika - jo jIva eka bhava ke dvArA svarga se Akara yahA~ manuSya bhava meM Ardra kumAra ke rUpa meM utpanna hogaa| (2) baddhAyuSka - jisane ArdrakumAra ke rUpa meM utpanna hone kA AyabaMdha kara liyA hai| (3) abhimukhanAmagotra - jo anantara samaya meM hI Ardraka rUpa se utpanna hogaa| isI prakAra jo jIva Ardraka ke AyuSya, nAma, gotra kA anubhava karatA hai, vaha bhAvAka hai| yadyapi zaMgaberAdi ke bhI Ardraka saMjJA hotI hai, parantu yahA~ unakI apekSA se prastuta adhyayana kI vivakSA nahIM hai| Ardrakapura meM Ardraka rAjA ke Ardra nAmaka rAjakumAra thaa| vaha aNagAra banA, isaliye Ardraka se samutpanna hone ke kAraNa isa adhyayana kA nAma ArdrakIya hai|' yaha anuzruti hai ki Ardrakapura anArya deza meM thaa| kucha logoM ne 'adda' Ardra zabda kI tulanA 'aiMDana' ke sAtha bhI kI hai|' niyuktikAra, cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra tInoM ne Ardra zabda kI vyAkhyA karate huye ArdrakumAra kI jIvanakathA ke sAtha pUrvabhava para bhI paryApta prakAza DAlA hai, jo saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai| vasantapura nAmaka nagara meM sAmayika nAma kA gRhapati apanI patnI ke sAtha dharmaghoSa AcArya ke pAsa dIkSita ho gyaa| eka bAra apanI patnI ko gocarI jAte dekhA to pUrvabhukta krIr3AoM kI smRti ho aayii| sAdhvI rUpa patnI ko jaba yaha jJAta huA to usane vratabhaMga ke bhaya se anazanapUrvaka mRtyu kA AliMgana karake devagati ko prApta kiyaa| muni ne jaba yaha sArA vRttAnta jAnA to pazcAttApa pUrvaka anazana kara vaha bhI devaloka meM utpanna huaa| sAdhvI kA jIva devaloka ke cyavakara vasantapura nagara meM eka zreSThI ke ghara kanyA ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| tathA sAdhu kA jIva Ardradeza meM Ardraka rAjA ke putra ArdrakumAra ke rUpa meM utpanna huaa| Ardra kumAra kramaza: yauvana avasthA ko prApta huaa| eka bAra Ardraka rAjA ne prItivaza magadhasamrATa zreNika ko viziSTa upahAra bheje| ArdrakumAra ne pUchA - samrATa ke koI putra hai ? unake putra abhaya kumAra hai, aisA jJAta hone para usane 202 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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bhI bheMTasvarUpa mUlyavAna aneka upahAra bheje| abhayakumAra ne pariNAmikI buddhi se jAna liyA ki rAjakumAra Ardra samyagdRSTi jIva hai tathA nikaTa bhaviSya meM hI mukti ko prApta karegA / usane apane parama karttavya kA nirvAha karate huye Ardra kumAra ko pratibuddha karane ke liye eka viziSTa prakAra kA upahAra bhejaa| niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra ne spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha ullekha kiyA hai ki abhaya kumAra ne bheMTa meM Adi tIrthaMkara RSabha kI pratimA preSita kI thI / yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya hai ki madhukara munijIma dvArA sampAdita sUtrakRtAMga' meM jina pratimA ke sthAna para mAtra Atma sAdhanopayogI upakaraNa hI upahAra svarUpa bheje jAne kA ullekha hai, jabaki amarasukhabodhinI vyAkhyAkAra amaramunijI ne rajoharaNa, Asana tathA pramArjanikA kA ullekha kiyA hai| sampradAyavizeSa se anubandhita hone para bhI jo zAstra vacanoM meM herApherI nahIM karatA, matAgraha tathA pUrvAgrahoM se mukta hokara zrutadhara mahApuruSoM kI vANI kA yathAsvarUpa varNana, vizleSaNa karatA hai, vahI niSThAvAna sAhityakAra kI zartoM para kharA utaratA hai| isase vaha apanI lekhanI ke sAtha to nyAya karatA hI hai, sAtha hI itihAsa ke tathyoM ko bhI surakSita rakha pAne meM saphala ho pAtA hai| jinhoMne 'jinapratimA' ke sthAna para anya upakaraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, lagatA hai unake liye niyuktikAra, cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ke vacana pramANabhUta nahIM hai athavA sandehAspada hai / anyathA prabhu pratimA ke sthAna para rajoharaNAdi kA ullekha kara ve apanI sAmpradAyikatA se upajI saMkIrNa manovRtti ko ujAgara nahIM karate / astu ! ArdrakumAra ko jina pratimA ke darzana se jAtismRti jJAna kI upalabdhi huii| pUrva janma ke sAkSAt darzana se vaha saMbuddha ho gayA / usakA mana kAmabhogoM se virakta ho gyaa| avasara pAte hI apane deza se palAyana kara Aryadeza meM pahu~ca gyaa| pravajyA grahaNa karate samaya devavANI gU~jI- 'abhI dIkSita mata bano, tumhAre bhogAvalI karma zeSa hai / ' parantu devavacana kI avamAnanA kara vaha pravrajita ho gyaa| ekadA vicaraNa karate huye Ardraka muni vasantapura nagara meM Aye aura pratimA meM sthita ho gaye / pUrvabhava kI patnI sAdhvI isI nagara meM zreSThI putrI ke rUpa meM utpanna huI thii| usane bAlikAoM ke sAtha khela khelate huye muni kA varaNa kara liyA / devatAoM ne hiraNyavRSTi kii| rAjA ne usa dhana ko lenA cAhA taba devatAoM ne niSedha kara diyA / kanyA ke pitA ne usa dhana kA saMgopana kara diyaa| Ardraka sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 203

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muni ise anukUla upasarga jAnakara tatkAla vahA~ se anyatra vihAra kara gye| eka bAra usa zreSThI kanyA se vivAha karane hetu kumAra aaye| kanyA ke dvArA AgantukoM ke Ane kA prayojana pUchane para pitA ne vivAha kI bAta khii| kanyA ne kahA- tAt! kanyA eka bAra hI dI jAtI hai| maiM bhI use dI jA cukI hU~, jisakA dhana Apane surakSita rakhA hai| pitA ne pUchA- kyA tuma use pahacAnatI ho ? kanyA ne kahA- maiM pA~va ke cinha se unheM pahacAna sakatI huuN| bhavitavyatA ke yoga se Ardraka muni vicaraNa karate huye usI nagara meM vahIM bhikSArtha pahu~ca gaye, jahA~ vaha kanyA bhikSuoM ko dAna detI thii| padacinha dekhakara vaha tatkAla unheM pahacAna gyii| apane pitA se kahA- yahI mere pati hai| Ardraka muni ko devavacana kA smaraNa ho aayaa| karmoM kA udaya aura niyati ko mAna bhikSuveza ko chor3akara zreSThI kanyA ke sAtha rahane lge| eka putra utpanna huaa| jaba vaha bAraha varSa kA ho gayA, taba Ardraka ne apanI patnI se kahA - aba tuma putra ke sAtha rho| maiM puna: pravrajita honA cAhatA huuN| yaha sunakara vaha sUta kAtane lgii| putra ke pUchane para pitA ke dIkSA lene kI bAta khii| taba putra ne soye huye pitA ko mA~ dvArA kAte gaye sUta se bA~dhate huye kahA - mere dvArA bAMdhe jAne para aba ye kahA~ jaayeNge| sUta ke bAraha baMdha hone ke kAraNa Ardraka 12 varSa aura gRhavAsa meM rhe| jyoMhi samaya pUrA huA, mana meM cintana ubharA- pUrvajanma meM mAtra mAnasika rUpa se kAmabhogoM kI kalpanA kI thI, jisase anArya deza meM utpanna honA pdd'aa| isa jIvana meM to sAdhuveza chor3akara mana, vacana aura kAyAtInoM yogoM se saMsAra kA sevana kiyA hai, merI AtmA kA uddhAra kaise hogA ? inhoM vicAroM meM DUbe Ardraka ghara se nikalakara puna: pravrajita ho gye| ekAkI vihAra karate haye rAjagRhI kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| rAste meM pA~ca sau cora mile, jinheM dekhate hI muni pahacAna gye| ye pA~ca sau cora ve hI vyakti the, jinheM rAjA AIka ne ArdrakumAra kI paharedArI ke liye aMgarakSaka ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyA thA aura unheM cakamA dekara ArdrakumAra Aryadeza meM pahu~ca kara dIkSita ho gaye the| ve sabhI rakSaka rAjAjJA kI avahelanA ke daNDa ke bhaya se aTI meM Akara cora bana gye| Ardraka muni ne unheM pratibodha kiyaa| ve sabhI cora mani bana gye| muni Ardraka una sabhI ko sAtha lekara bha. mahAvIra ke darzanArtha rAjagRha aaye| nagara ke praveza dvAra para gozAlaka, bauddhabhikSu, brahmavAdI, tridaNDI tathA hasti204 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

Page #211
tApasoM ke sAtha vAda-vivAda huaa| sabhI ne Ardraka muni ko apane mata meM dIkSita karane kA prayatna kiyaa| una sabhI ko parAjita kara ve Age bddh'e| itane meM eka vizAlakAya hAthI apane bandhanoM ko tor3akara Ardraka muni ke caraNoM meM vandana karane lgaa| rAjA dvArA gaja bandhana-mukti ke viSaya meM pUchane para muni Ardraka bole - manuSya ke pAza se baddha madonmatta hAthI kA mukta honA utanA duSkara nahIM hai, jitanA duSkara hai- kacce sUta kI DorI se AveSTita merA bandhana mukta honA / sneha tantu ko tor3anA atyanta duSkara pratIta hotA hai| Ardra kumAra ke pUrvajanma se lekara kacce sUtra ke vimocana taka kI sampUrNa ghaTanA kA vRttikAra ne vizada rUpa se rocaka varNana kiyA hai|" prastuta adhyayana meM 55 gAthAe~ hai, jinakA darzanagata vibhAga isa prakAra 1-25 = gozAlaka dvArA mahAvIra para lagAye gaye AkSepa aura Ardraka ke uttara / 26-42 = bauddha bhikSuoM dvArA apane mata kI sthApanA aura Ardraka dvArA usakA prtivaad| 4 3-45 = brAhmaNa dharma kI pratipatti ke viSaya meM Ardraka kA uttara / 46-51 = ekadaNDI parivrAjako (sAMkhya) kI sthApanA tathA Ardraka kA pratyuttara / 52-55 = hastitApasoM ke siddhAnta kA khnnddn| ina pA~coM dArzanikoM ke sAtha Ardraka kumAra kA jo vAda-vivAda huA, usakA vistRta varNana isa prakAra hai - 1. gozAlaka ke AkSepa tathA Ardraka ke pratyuttara gozAlaka prathama gAthA meM ArdrakumAra ko sambodhita karate huye kahate hai ki - he Ardra ! zramaNa mahAvIra jo pahale karate the, use suno| pahale ve ekAnta vihArI the, aba ve devakRta samavasaraNa meM rahate hai| pahale ve mauna rahate the, aba ve bhikSusaMgha ko dharmopadeza dene kI dhuna meM hai| pahale ve ziSya nahIM banAte the para aba to ziSyoM kI bharamAra hai| isa prakAra unakA jIvana virodhAbhAsoM se bharA par3A hai| ve asthira citta vAle evaM caMcala hai| unake vartamAna ke AcaraNa meM tathA vigata AcaraNa meM spaSTata: virodha dikhAyI detA hai| Ardraka - bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ekAnta bhAva atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya tInoM kAloM meM sthira rahane vAlA hai| rAga-dveSa se rahita trikAlajJa hone ke kAraNa sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 205

Page #212
ve sahasroM ke bIca rahakara bhI ekAnta kI hI sAdhanA kara rahe hai| kSAnta, dAnta, jitendriya, bhASA ke doSoM se mukta tathA bhASA ke guNoM se yukta zramaNa mahAvIra dharmopadeza dete hai, ahiMsA kA AkhyAna karate hai, isameM kiMcita bhI doSa nahIM hai| gozAlaka - hamAre mata meM ekAntacArI tapasvI zItodaka, bIjakAya, AdhAkarma aura strI saMga karatA huA bhI pApa se lipta nahIM hotaa| Ardraka - yadi sacitta jala, bIjakAya, AdhAkarma yukta AhAra tathA strI sevana se pApa nahIM lagatA, taba to sabhI gRhastha zramaNa ho jaayeNge| kyoMki ve ye sabhI kArya karate hai| jo bhikSu hokara bhI sacitta bIjakAya, zItajala tathA AdhAkarmadoSa yukta AhArAdi kA sevana karate hai, ve puruSa bhikSAcaryA, karmoM kA anta karane ke liye nahIM apitu udarabharaNa tathA zarIra poSaNa ke liye hI karate hai| vAstava meM jo SaTkAya jIvoM kA samArambha karate yA karAte hai, cAhe ve dravya se brahmacArI bhI ho, saMsAra kA anta nahIM kara sakate / jo hiMsA, asatya, caurya, abrahma tathA parigraha se mukta hai, paMcAzrava rahita hai, vahI saccA zramaNa hai| gozAlaka - aisA kahakara tuma sabhI matoM kA tiraskAra kara rahe ho| Ardraka - gozAlaka ! maiM na to anya matoM kA tiraskAra karatA hU~, na hI nindA karatA huuN| hama kisI para vyaktigata AkSepa bhI nahIM krte| parantu jo dArzanika apane-apane mata ko satya batAte huye anya pakSoM ko mithyA batAte hai, unake isa ekAMgI dRSTikoNa ko satya tathA yathArtha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? vastu ke ananta dharmoM ko jAnane ke liye anekAntadRSTi hI upayogI hai| usI kA Azraya lekara maiM vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko vyakta kara rahA hU~, jise nindA kahanA kathamapi ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jaise 'netravAna puruSa apanI A~khoM se bila, kA~Te-kIr3e aura sA~pa Adi ko dekhakara una sabako chor3akara ThIka rAste se calatA hai, usI prakAra vivekIpuruSa kujJAna, kuzruti, (mithyA Agama), kumArga aura kudRSTi ke doSoM kA bhalIbhA~ti vicAra karake samyagmArga kA Azraya letA hai| aisA karane meM kaunasI paranindA hai ?'' vAstava meM dekhA jAye to ve anya darzanI hI paranindA karate hai, jo padArtha ke ekAnta nitya yA ekAnta anitya athavA ekAnta sAmAnya yA ekAnta vizeSa svarUpa ko mAnate hai| jo anekAntavAdI anekAnta ko mAnate hai, ve kisI kI nindA nahIM karate kyoMki ve to padArthoM ko kathaMcit sata, kathaMcit asat athavA kathaMcit nitya, kathaMcit anitya mAnakara sabakA samanvaya karate hai| aisA kiye binA vastu svarUpa kA samyak tathA sampUrNa jJAna nahIM ho sktaa| 206 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

Page #213
yadi aisA karanA bhI nindA hai, taba to Aga garma hotI hai, jala ThaNDA hotA hai, yaha kahanA bhI nindA hI hogaa| 2 gozAlaka - he Ardraka ! tumhAre zramaNa bhagavAna bar3e bhIrarU hai, isaliye udyAnazAlAoM, dharmazAlAoM tathA ArAmagRhoM meM nivAsa nahIM krte| ve samajhate hai ki ina sthAnoM meM bar3e-bar3e tArkika, paNDita, medhAvI, buddhimAna, sUtra tathA artha ke nizcaya ko jAnane vAle vaktA rahate hai| ve loga kucha pUcha le aura uttara na de sakU~, isase behatara vahA~ nahIM jAnA hI hai| Ardraka - bhagavAna mahAvIra na Darapoka hai na viSamadRSTi hai| ve niSprayojana koI bhI kArya nahIM karate tathA bAlaka kI taraha binA vicAra kiye bhI koI kArya nahIM krte| ve na kisI bala prayoga se, rAjAbhiyoga se dharmopadeza karate hai| ve apanI siddhi ke liye tathA bhavya jIvoM ke uddhAra ke liye dharma dezanA dete hai| jaba ve upakAra hone kI sambhAvanA ko jAna lete hai, to kisI ke dvArA kabhI bhI pUche gaye prazna kA uttara de dete hai| (anuttara vimAnavAsI tathA mana:paryava jJAnI muniyoM ke praznoM kA samAdhAna vANI ke binA dravyamana se hI kara lete hai|) jahA~ kRtya kI sArthakatA ho vahA~ jAkara athavA na jAkara samadRSTi se dharma kA vyAkaraNa karate hai| parantu anArya manuSya darzana se bhraSTa hai, ata: bhagavAna unake pAsa nahIM jaate| gozAlaka - jaise lAbhArthI vaNik kraya-vikraya kI vastu ko lekara mahAjanoM se samparka karatA hai, merI dRSTi meM tumhArA mahAvIra bhI lAbha icchuka vaNik hai|'' Ardraka muni - zramaNa mahAvIra ko tumane jo vaNika kI upamA dI hai, vaha AMzika tulyatA se lekara dI hai, taba to maiM tumase sahamata hU~ kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIra jahA~ bhI Atmika upakAra rUpa lAbha dekhate hai, vahA~ upadeza karate hai| anyathA mauna ho jAte hai| parantu yadi sampUrNa tulyatA ko lekara vaNik se bhagavAna kI tulanA kI hai, to vaha kadApi ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki bhagavAna sarvajJa hai, jabaki vaNika alpajJa / sarvajJa hone se samasta sAvadya pravRttiyoM se virata hone se ve navIna karma kA baMdha nahIM karate hai tathA pUrvabaddha karmoM kI nirjarA karate hai, jabaki vaNika aisA nahIM karate / bhagavAna mokSodaya cAhate hai, isa artha meM ve lAbhArthI hai| ve anna, pAna, pUjA yA pratiSThA ke liye upadeza nahIM dete, jabaki vaNika hiMsA, asatya, abrahma Adi aneka pApa kA baMdha karatA hai| unakA yaha lAbha bhI cAra gati meM bhramaNarUpa hai| bhagavAna jo lAbha arjita kara rahe hai, vaha sAdi ananta hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 207

Page #214
ve pUrNa ahiMsaka, paropakAraka, karma kSINa karane ke liye dharma meM sthita hai| unakI tulanA tuma ahita karane vAle vaNika ke sAtha kara rahe ho, yaha tumhAre ajJAna ke anurUpa hI hai| 2. bauddhoM ke apasiddhAnta kA AIka muni dvArA khaNDana bauddha bhikSu - koI puruSa khalI ke piNDa ko manuSya tathA tumce ko bAlaka mAnakara pakAye to hamAre mata meM puruSa tathA bAlaka ke vadha kA hI pApa lagatA hai parantu yadi koI mleccha puruSa evaM bAlaka ko khalI evaM tumbA samajhakara pakAye to vaha puruSa evaM bAlaka ke vadha kA pApa upArjita nahIM karatA tathA puruSa va bacce ko zUla meM piro 'yaha khalI kI piNDI hai' aisA socakara Aga meM pakAye, vaha AhAra buddhoM ke bhakSaNa yogya hai|' he Ardraka ! hamAre mata meM jo vyakti pratidina do hajAra bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAtA hai, vaha mahAna puNya skandha ko arjita kara devagati meM Aropya nAmaka sarvottama devatA hotA hai| cUrNikAra ne isakA vizleSaNa isa prakAra kiyA hai - bauddha bhikSuoM ke anusAra dUsare dvArA ghAta kiye hue prANI kA mA~sa lene para hama hiMsA ke pApa se lipta nahIM hote| mA~sa grahaNa meM hamArI anabhisaMdhI hai| trikaraNa zuddha mA~sa khAne meM koI doSa nahIM lagatA kyoMki buddha svayaM use grahaNa karate the, to bhalA ziSyoM ke liye kahanA hI kyaa|| bauddha sAhitya meM mA~sa ke sambandha meM nimna prakAra kA nirdeza milatA haibhikSuoM ko sambodhita karate huye buddha kahate haiM - jAna-bUjhakara apane uddezya se bane huye mA~sa ko nahIM khAnA caahiye| jo khAye use duSkara doSa lagatA hai| bhikSuoM ! adRSTa, azruta tathA aparizaMkita ina tIna koTi se parizuddha mA~sa khAne kI maiM anujJA detA huuN|" bauddha bhikSuoM ke siddhAnta ko sunakara ArdrakumAra muni ne pratyuttara dete hue kahA- he zAkya bhikSuoM ! tumhAga yaha siddhAnta bar3A vicitra hai / isa prakAra prANiyoM kI balaprayoga se hiMsA karanA aura usameM pApa kA abhAva kahanA, saMyamI puruSoM ke liye ucita nahIM hai| jo aisA upadeza dete hai aura jo sunate hai- ve donoM hI akalyANa tathA abodhi ko prApta hote hai| yahA~ cUrNikAra ne abodhi kA artha ajJAna kiyA hai| ajJAna ke kAraNa yadi pApa karma kA baMdha nahIM hotA hai to yahI siddha hogA ki ajJAna hI zreyaskara 208 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

Page #215
hai / phira tumhArA yaha kahanA 'avidyA pratyayAH saMskArA' bhI ucita nahIM hogA / taba tumhArI dRSTi meM saMsAra ke sabhI prANI samyagdRSTi ho jAyeMge, virata aura avirata kA bheda hI samApta ho jAyegA / sarvatra hiMsA aura krUratA kA tANDava nRtya hogA / Aja bahuta kaThinAI se kisI vyakti ko ahiMsaka banAyA jAtA hai / tumhAre kahane ke anusAra to kuzalacitta se prANIvadha karane vAlA ahiMsaka ho jAyegA / aisI sthiti meM sArA saMsAra ahiMsaka kahalAyegA | 20 yadi yaha mAna liyA jAye ki ajJAna se doSa nahIM lagatA to vaidikoM kA kalyANa buddhi se hiMsA karanA bhI nirdoSa ho jAyegA / aura isI prakAra 'saMsAramocaka' sampradAya kA siddhAnta 'duHkha se tar3aphate prANI ko mAra DAlanA cAhiye' bhI sammata ho jAyegA / - vRttikAra ne ise aura adhika spaSTa kiyA hai- ajJAna se AvRtta mUDha vyakti kI bhAvazuddhi phalavAna nahIM hotI / yadi phalavAn hotI to saMsAramocaka sampradAya vAloM ke bhI karmakSaya ho jAyegA / yadi tuma kevala bhAvazuddhi ko hI svIkAra karate ho to phira siramuNDana, piNDapAta, caityapUjA Adi sAre anuSThAna vyartha ho jaayeNge| 2' Ardraka muni punaH tarka prastuta karate hai ki piNyAkapiNDI meM puruSa buddhi sambhava nahIM lgtii| puruSa sacetana hai / usameM halana calana Adi kriyAe~ hotI hai, taba puruSa ko piNyAkapiNDI kaise samajhA jA sakegA ? yadi tuma kaho ki gaharI nIMda meM soye huye manuSya meM halana calanAdi kriyAe~ nahIM hotI hai, isaliye yaha sambhava hai to vastra se AcchAdita yaha vastu puruSa hai yA piNyAkapiMDIina donoM sambhAvanAoM ko jAnane vAlA ni:zaMka hokara prahAra kaise karegA ? jisameM hiMsA - ahiMsA kA viveka hai, vaha aisA nahIM kara sktaa| isI prakAra puruSa ko piNyAkapiNDI samajhane kI bAta bhI buddhi se pare hai| usameM bhI vimarza jarUrI hotA hai| yaha puruSa hai yA piNyAka - piNDI athavA yaha kumAra hai yA tumbA ? isaliye kuzalacitta yA akuzalacitta koI bhI ho, ina donoM sambhAvanAoM para vicAra kiye binA niHzaMkatayA prahAra karatA hai, use hiMsaka na mAnanA tathA pApakarma se alipta mAnanA mithyAvAda hai / 22 Ardraka ne apanI yuktiyoM se bauddha bhikSuoM ko nirUttara kara unakA upahAsa karate huye kahA bauddha bhikSuoM ! yadi ajJAna hI zreya hai, to tuma jJAna prApta karane kA prayatna kyoM karate ho ? oha ! tumane hI yathAvasthita tattva ko prApta kiyA hai| jIvoM ke zubhAzubha karma vipAka ko tumane hI samajhA hai| isa prakAra ke vijJAna se tumhArA yaza samudroM pAra gayA hai| lagatA hai - isI vijJAna rUpI Aloka sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 209

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se tumane isa loka ko hastAmalaka kI bhA~ti dekha liyA hai| dhanya hai tumhAre vijJAna ke atizaya ko! jisake AdhAra para tuma puruSa tathA khalIpiNDa evaM kumAra va alAbuka meM koI antara mAnane se pApa honA tathA na mAnane se pApa nahIM honA batalAte ho| Ardraka bauddhamata kA khaNDana karane ke pazcAt apane mata kI sthApanA karate huye kahate hai - jaina zAsana meM saMyamI muniyoM ne annavidhi meM zuddhatA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| ve 42 doSoM se rahita AhAra kA hI sevana karate hai evaM mA~sAhAra ko nirdoSa nahIM maante| saMyamI sAdhaka sarva sAvadya pravRttiyoM se mukta hone ke kAraNa uddiSTa AhAra kA bhI tyAga karate hai| jaise zirISa puSpa thor3e se tApa se hI kumhalA jAtA hai, usI prakAra zrAmaNya thor3e se doSa sevana se azuddha ho jAtA hai| isa prasaMga meM vRttikAra ne bauddha bhikSuoM ke isa tarka ko nirasta kiyA hai ki cAvala Adi dhAnya kaNa bhI prANI ke aMga ke sadRza hone ke kAraNa mA~sa tulya hai| yaha tarka kathamapi ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki prANI kA aMga hone para bhI kucha mA~sa hotA hai, kucha mA~sa nahIM hotaa| jaise dUdha aura rakta donoM hI gAya ke aMga hone para bhI dUdha bhakSya hai, mA~sa abhkssy| strItva kI samAnatA hone para bhI loka meM mAtA agamya aura bhAryA gamya mAnI jAtI hai| cAvala ekendriya prANI kA aMga hai, itane mAtra se vaha mA~sa kI koTi meM nahIM aataa| isa prasaMga meM vRttikAra ne asiddha. anaikAntika aura virUddha hetvabhAsoM ke dvArA isameM doSa batAye hai| vartamAna dRSTi se vicAra kare to ekendriya jIva meM vekla rasa dhAtu kI niSyati hotI hai| usameM rakta nahIM hotA aura rakta binA mA~sa dhAtu kI niSpati nahIM hotii| rakta tathA mA~sa kI niSpatti dvIndriya jIvoM se prArambha hotI hai, ata: mA~sa tathA anna kI tulanA saMgata nahIM hai| bauddhoM kA yaha kathana bhI nirAdhAra aura mithyA hai ki jo vyakti pratidina do hajAra bodhisatva bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAtA hai, vaha uttamagati ko prApta hotA hai| aise mA~sAhArI bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAne vAlA asaMyamI hai| usake hAtha rakta se sane rahate hai, ata: vaha paraloka meM anArya logoM kI gati prApta karatA hai arthAta tIvra tApa ko sahane vAlA narakasevI hotA hai| 3. vedavAdI brAhmaNoM ke sAtha Ardraka kA prativAda vedavAdI - jo pratidina do hajAra snAtaka brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAtA 210 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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hai, vaha mahAna puNyarAzi kA upArjana kara devagati meM utpanna hotA hai| aisA hamArA vedavAkya hai| Ardraka muni - mArjAra kI taraha ghara-ghara bhaTakane vAle do hajAra snAtakoM ko jo khilAtA hai, vaha tIvra vedanAmaya naraka meM jAtA hai kyoMki vaiDAlikavRtti vAle mAMsabhakSI brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAnA kupAtradAna denA hai| dayApradhAna dharma kI nindA tathA hiMsAtmaka dharma kI prazaMsA karane vAlA manuSya yadi eka bhI duHzIla ko bhojana karAtA hai, to vaha mAMsabhakSI, vajra-caMcu pakSiyoM se paripUrNa tathA bhayaMkara vedanAyukta naraka meM utpanna hotA hai|26 4. ekadaNDI parivrAjaka (sAMkhyamatavAdI) evaM Ardraka muni kA tAtvika saMvAda ekadaNDI sAdhaka - he Ardraka mune ! tumhAre tathA hamAre siddhAnta meM koI khAsa antara nhiiN| zramaNa dharma tathA sAMkhya dharma aneka bAtoM meM samAna hai| jaisehama jinheM pA~ca yamoM ke rUpa meM svIkArate hai, unheM Apa paMca mahAvrata kahate hai| tumhArI taraha hama bhI yugamAtra bhUmi dekhakara calate hai| hamArA zIla pradhAna AcAra bhI samAna hai| hama bhI kesarikA (rajoharaNa) rakhate hai| punarjanma kI mAnyatA meM bhI koI bheda nahIM hai kintu hama eka avyakta, lokavyApI, sanAtana, akSaya tathA avyaya AtmA ko mAnate hai| vaha sabhI cetana-acetana bhUtoM meM sarvAtmanA sthita hai| jaise sabhI tArAoM ke sAtha eka hI candramA saMbaMdha rakhatA hai, vaise hI sabhI AtmAoM ke sAtha vizvavyApI eka hI AtmA saMbaMdha rakhatI hai| Ardraka muni - he ekadaNDiyoM! tumhArI ekAtmavAdI mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki AtmA ko sarvavyApI mAnane para naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya Adi bheda nahIM kiye jA skeNge| AtmA ko sarvagata mAnane se na jIva mareMge, na saMsAra meM bhramaNa kreNge| na brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura preSya hoMge, na kITa, pakSI aura sarpa hoNge| kyoMki asarvagata AtmA ke liye hI saMsAra ghaTita hotA hai| sarvavyApI hone kI sthiti meM vibhinna gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM parivartana kaise sambhava hogA ? paripUrNa jJAna se loka ko jAne binA jo dUsaroM ko dharmopadeza dete hai, ve apanA evaM dUsaroM kA nAza karate hai| jo pUrNa kevalajJAna ke dvArA samAdhiyukta ho lokasvarUpa ko samajhakara dharmopadeza dete hai, ve svayaM saMsAra se tirate hai aura dUsaroM ko bhI tArate hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 211

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isa prakAra tiraskAra yogya jJAnavAle AtmAdvaitavAdiyoM ko aura sampUrNa jJAna-darzana- cAritra yukta jinoM ko apanI samajha meM samAna batalAkara he AyuSyamAn ! tuma apanI hI viparItatA prakaTa karate ho / vRttikAra ne ekAtmAvAda ke AdhAra para ise vedAnta darzana kA abhimata kahA hai| 2" kintu vAstava meM yaha vicAraNIya hai| sAMkhyadarzana kI apekSA vedAntadarzana bahuta arvAcIna hai / sAMkhya darzana kI do dhArAe~ rahI hai - eka IzvaravAdI tathA dUsarI anIzvaravAdI / IzvaravAdI dhArA meM ekezvaravAda sammata rahA hai pAtaMjalayogadarzana meM isakI spaSTa prakalpanA hai| usake anusAra Izvara sadaiva mukta hai, anAdi siddha hai | 30 prAcIna kAla meM zramaNa paramparA meM bhI kucha zramaNa sampradAya IzvaravAdI the / sAMkhya eka zramaNa sampradAya thA aura usakA eka bhAga IzvaravAdI bhI thA / isa dRSTi se prastuta zloka kI vyAkhyA vedAnta darzana se sambaddha nahIM honI cAhiye kintu isakA sambandha sAMkhya dazarna se hai aura isakA sabase bar3A pramANa hai 'puruSa' zabda kA prayoga / vedAnta brahmavAdI hai, puruSavAdI nahIM / 5. hastitApasoM kI mithyAdhAraNA kA Ardraka muni dvArA yuktiyukta pratyuttara hastitApasa - he ArdrakumAra ! hama dvAdazAgra, abhyudayakAmI hastitApasa parama kArUNika hai| vana meM nivAsa karane se mUla, kanda, phUla, phala Adi aneka ghAta karane para bhojana hotA hai / ata: hama ise doSayukta jAnakara saMvatsara (varSa) meM eka bAra viSalipta bANa se eka bar3e hAthI ko mArakara usake mA~sa se apanI AjIvikA calAte hai| hama eka hI jIva kA ghAta karate hai, anya sAre jIvoM kI rakSA karate hai| jabaki anya tApasa, jo kanda, mUla, phala, phUla Adi khAte hai, ve aneka vanaspatikAyika jIvoM kA tathA unake Azraya meM rahane vAle aneka prANiyoM kA ghAta karate hai / eka prANI ke vadha kA jo hameM pApa hotA hai, usako hama AtApanA, upavAsa, jApa, brahma-pAlana dvArA kSINa kara dete hai / hamArA yaha hastitApasa mata smRtiyoM meM bhI vihita hai / " jIvoM ArdrakumAra - hiMsA - ahiMsA kI nyUnAdhikatA kA nApataula mRta saMkhyA ke AdhAra para nahIM balki unakI indriyoM, mana, zarIra Adi ke vikAsa ke AdhAra para kiyA jAtA hai / varSa bhara meM eka hI prANI ke ghAta se sirpha eka 212 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kA hI ghAta nahIM hotA apitu usa prANI ke Azrita rahe hue khUna, mA~sa, carbI Adi meM utpanna sthAvara evaM jaMgama prANiyoM kA bhI ghAta hotA hai / ata: tuma hiMsA ke doSa se kadApi nahIM baca skte| zramaNadharma meM pravrajita puruSa 42 bhikSA doSoM se rahita AhAra ko hI grahaNa karate hai / unake dvArA cIMTI kA ghAta bhI sambhava nahIM hai| tuma paMcendriya prANI ke ghAtaka hone se ghora hiMsaka ho / jo paMcendriya jIva kI hatyA karatA hai, vaha narakagAmI hotA hai / ahiMsA kI upAsanA to mAdhukarI vRtti (gocarI) se hI sambhava hai| aisI hiMsaka pravRtti karane vAle anArya logoM ko samyagjJAna kI prApti nahIM hotI / jo manasA, vAcA, karmaNA ahiMsA kA pAlana karatA hai, jo samAdhi bhAva meM sthita hai tathA jJAna-darzana - cAritra se sampanna hai, vahI muni kevalajJAna ko prApta kara saMsAra samudra se tairane kA yathArtha upadeza detA hai / 32 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. sandarbha evaM TippaNI 184-186 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 187 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa bhAga - 1 pRSTha - 164 (a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 191-197 (ba). sU. cUrNi pR. 414 - (sa). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA rahami gayA / ' - - - 387-388 193 : teNAvi sammaddiTThitti, hojja paDimA (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 387 : 'yadAdi tIrthaMkarapratimA saMdarzanena tasyAnugrahaH kriyata / ' - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, dvi. zru. ( madhukara muni) pR. - 164 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, dvi. zru. amarasukha bodhinI vyAkhyA pR. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 200 dukkaraM vA NarapAsamoyaNaM, gayassa mattassa vaNammi rAya ! jahA 'uvattAvalieNa' taMtuNA, sudukkaraM me paDibhAti moyaNaM // sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 387/388 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 2/6/7 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 392 - 342 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 213

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vahI, 393 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 2/6/15-16 vahI, 2/6/7 vahI, 2/6/19 vahI, 2/6/26-28 vahI, 2/6/29 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNipR. 428-429 - : Na lippati pAvabandheNa amhaM, evaM tAvadasmAkaM apacetanakRtaprANAtipAte nAsti, yadyayica bhavAnanyo vA kazcinmanyate anapAye apAyadezI yathA bhavaMto mAMsAsina iti tatrApi anabhisaMdhitvAdevAsmAkaM trikaraNazuddhamAsaM bhakSayatAM nAsti doSaH / buddhassavi tAva kappati kimuta ye tacchiSyA:? vinayapiTaka, mahAvagga, bhaiSajya khandhaka 6/4-8 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 430 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 397 (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 431-432 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 398 (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 431-432 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 398 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 436 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 398 sU. kR. sU. - 2/6/43-45 vahI, 2/6/46-47 vahI, - 2/6/48-50 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 402 : vedAntAdyAtmAdvaitamatena vyAkhyAtavyaH / pAtaMjala yogadarzana - 1/24-29 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 2/6/52 vahI, 2/6/22-55 32. 7. nAlandIya adhyayana sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (dvi. zru.) ke saptama tathA antima adhyayana kA nAma 'nAlandIya' hai| 'na alaM dadAti iti nAlandA' isa vyutpatti ke anusAra na+alaM+dA ina tIna zabdoM se strIliMgavAcI nAlandA zabda nirmita hotA hai| na tathA alaM, ye do niSedhavAcaka zabda hai, jo eka vidhi ko prakaTa karate hai| dA arthAt denA, 214 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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na arthAt nahIM aura alaM arthAt paryApta, basa / ina tInoM arthoM kA saMyoga karane para jo artha niSpanna hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai - jahA~ dene kI bAta meM kisI ora se basa, nA nahIM hai| arthAt jahA~ sabhI dAna dene ke liye tatpara hai, usa nagarI kA nAma nAlandA hai| dAna lene vAlA cAhe AjIvaka ho, cAhe parivrAjaka, cAhe zramaNa ho athavA brAhmaNa, sabhI ke liye dAna sulabha hai| niyuktikAra' ne nAlaMdA zabda ke nAma, sthApanA, dravya tathA bhAva ye cAra nikSepa karate hue alaM zabda ke tIna arthoM ko sUcita kiyA hai - (a) paryAptibhAva - sAmarthya, jaise- alaM mallo mllaay| (ba) alaMkAra - alaMkRta karane ke artha meM- alaMkRtaM (mahAvIra ne jJAtakula ko alaMkRta kiyA) ___ (sa) pratiSedha - alaM me gRhavAsena- aba maiM gRhavAsa meM nahIM rahanA caahtaa| niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra ne prastuta adhyayana kA nAma nAlandIya hone ke pIche do kAraNa prastuta kiye hai - 1. nAlandA ke samIpa manoratha nAmaka udyAna meM gaNadhara gautama dvArA pApityIya peDhAlaputra udaka ke sAtha saMvAda yA dharmacarcA hone ke kAraNa tathA 2. nAlandA se sambandhita viSaya hone ke kaarnn| kahA jAtA hai - yahA~ rAjA zreNika tathA bar3e-bar3e zreSThI sAmantoM kA isa nagarI meM nivAsa hone se isa nagarI kA 'nArendra' nAma bhI prakhyAta huA, jisakA mAgadhI uccAraNa nAlendra, bAda meM hasva hone para 'nAlinda' tathA i kA a hone para nAlandA huaa| nAlandA kI prasiddhi jitanI jainAgamoM meM hai, utanI hI bauddhapITakoM meM bhI hai| Age ke samasta adhyayanoM meM sAdhvAcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai parantu AlApakoM meM nibaddha isa adhyayana ke prArambha meM zAstrakAra ne nAlandA nivAsI lepa nAmaka udAra, dharmaniSTha, zraddhAniSTha zramaNopAsaka kA varNana kiyA hai| lepa paramatatvajJa tathA jainadharma kA ananya zraddhAlu thaa| usake ghara kA mukhyadvAra sadaiva yAcakoM ke liye khulA rahatA thaa| dAnavIra tathA aneka viziSTa guNoM se sampanna usakA nirmala yaza cAroM aura phailA huA thaa| vaha itanA vizvasta thA ki rAjA ke anta: pura meM bhI usakA praveza berokaToka hotA thaa| usa lepa ne nAlandA ke izAna koNa meM "sesadaviyA' arthAt zeSadravyA nAmaka eka vizAla udakazAlA nirmita karavAyI thii| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 215

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vRttikAra' ne zeSadravyA kA artha isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai ki apane nivAsa ke liye banAye gaye makAna se jo zeSa sAmagrI (dravya) bace, usa dravya dvArA usa udakazAlA kA nirmANa krvaanaa| sambhavata: isI kAraNa usakA zeSadravyA aisA nAma rakhA gayA hogaa| usa udakazAlA ke IzAna koNa meM hastiyAma nAmaka harAbharA zItala vanakhaNDa thA, jisameM zramaNa mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara eka bAra tthhre| usa samaya pApityIya peDhAlaputta udaka nAmaka nirgrantha ne unake pAsa Akara pratyAkhyAnaviSayaka zaMkA, jijJAsA prastuta kI, jisakA indrabhUti gautama ne sodAharaNa vistRta samAdhAna kiyaa| udaka ne gautama svAmI se zrAvaka ke pratyAkhyAna viSayaka prazna pUchate huye kahA- Arya gautama ! Apake kumAraputra nAmaka nirgrantha zramaNa zrAvakoM ko isa prakAra pratyAkhyAna karAte hai- tumhAre rAjA Adi abhiyoga ko chor3akara 'gRhapaticora grahaNa-vimokSaNa' nyAya se trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA karane kA pratyAkhyAna (tyAga) hai| isa prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai, kyoMki unake dvArA anya sUkSma yA bAdara prANiyoM kA upaghAta hotA hai| usa hiMsA kA anumatijanita karmabaMdha sAdhu ko kyoM nahIM hotA ? uparokta saMvAda meM 'abhiyoga' zabda parataMtratA athavA balAt AjJA ke artha meM hai, jo pA~ca prakAra kA hai - 1. rAjAbhiyoga - rAjAbhiyoga yA rAjAjJA se kI jAne vAlI pravRttiyA~, jaise - yuddha karanA, hiMsaka pazuoM ko mAranA aadi| 2. gaNAbhiyoga - gaNa-samudAya kI parataMtratA se pravRtti krnaa| 3. balAbhiyoga - balazAlI vyakti kI paravazatA se pravRtti karanA / 4. devatAbhiyoga - devAjJA se kArya krnaa| 5. mahattarAbhiyoga - mAtA-pitA-gurujana Adi bar3oM kI AjJA se kArya krnaa| udaka ke mana ko samAhita karane ke liye gautama gaNadhara ne 'gRhapati-cora grahaNa-vimokSaNa nyAya' kA dRSTAnta dete hue kahA- eka rAjA ne vaNik ke chaha putroM ko AjJAbhaMga ke aparAdha meM mRtyudaNDa diyaa| pitA ne rAjA se kahA- merI sArI sampatti le-leM parantu Apa mere chahoM putroM ko mukta kara de| rAjA ne prArthanA svIkAra nahIM kii| taba vaha vaNik hatAza hokara pA~ca, cAra, tIna, do putroM ke jIvanadAna kI rAjA se yAcanA karane lgaa| jaba rAjA nahIM mAnA to anta meM 216 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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usane kahA - kulaparamparA ke sarvakSaya ko rokane ke liye Apa eka putra ko jIvanadAna de / rAjA ne jyeSTha putra ko jIvanadAna dekara mukta kara diyA | S sAdhu bhI zrAvaka ko sampUrNa prANAtipAta se virata hone kA upadeza dete hai, jaise vaNik ne chahoM putroM ke jIvanadAna kI yAcanA kI thii| jaba zrAvaka sarva prANAtipAta se virata hone meM apane Apako asamartha pAtA hai, taba use usakI zakti ke anurUpa vrata grahaNa karAyA jAtA hai / jaba rAjA ne chaha, pA~ca, cAra, tIna, do ko mukta karane kI prArthanA asvIkAra kara lI, taba usase kama se kama eka putra ko mukta karane kA nivedana kiyA gyaa| hAlA~ki vaNik ke mana sabhI putroM ke prati samAna prema thA, mRtyudaNDa pAne vAle zeSa pA~ca putroM ke vadha kI tanika bhI anumati nahIM thI, vaise hI yathAzakti vrata grahaNa karavAne para zeSa prANivadha kI anumati sAdhu kI nahIM ho sakatI hai| isase anumatijanya pApa karmabaMdha kI bAta vyartha ho jAtI hai / " pArzvApatyIya udaka ne gautama svAmI ke samakSa kucha aura prazna rakhe, jinakA sAra saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai - udaka - gautama ! jaba koI zramaNopAsaka Apake zramaNa ke pAsa pratyAkhyAna karane Ate hai, to ve abhiyogoM ko chor3akara trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna karavAte hai / isa prakAra kA pratyAkhyAna karAne vAle tathA karane vAle donoM ke duSpratyAkhyAna hotA hai| ve donoM apanI pratijJA kA bhaMga karate hai| kAraNa ki karmavazAt sa jIva sthAvara yoni meM utpanna hote hai / jisane sa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga kiyA hai, vaha sthAvara jIvoM kA ghAta karatA huA, sthAvarakAya meM utpanna sajIvoM kI bhI hiMsA karatA hai| kyA yaha vratabhaMga nahIM hai ? jaise kisI vyakti ne yaha pratijJA kI ki 'maiM amuka nAgarika puruSa kA vadha nahIM karU~gA' aura yadi vaha nAgarika anyatra jAkara anya nagarI kA nAgarika bana jAe to kyA usakA vadha karane se vratabhaMga nahIM hotA ? supratyAkhyAna kI paribhASA yaha honI cAhie kI maiM sabhUta prANI kI hiMsA nahIM kruuNgaa| gautama - udaka ! tumhArI yaha bhASA hRdaya meM anutApa aura santApa paidA karane vAlI hai / jaise koI vyakti yaha pratijJA karatA hai ki maiM 'brAhmaNa ko nahIM maaruuNgaa|' vaha brAhmaNa kisI varNAntara meM yA marakara tiryaMca meM utpanna ho jAtA hai, to kyA usa varNAntara yA tiryaMca ke vadha se brAhmaNa kA vadha honA mAnA jAyegA ? kyoMki pratijJA karate samaya usane 'brAhmaNa bhUta' nahIM kahA thaa| tumhArA yaha sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 217

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kathana ayathArya hai| vAstava meM dekhA jAye to vartamAna meM jo trasa prANI hai, ve bhUtakAla meM cAhe sthAvara rahe ho yA aura koI, athavA bhaviSya meM sthAvara baneMge yA anya yoniyoM meM jAyeMge, unase pratyAkhyAnI kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| pratyAkhyAnI ke pratyAkhyAna kA sambandha usakI varttamAna jAti arthAt jIvoM se hai aura unhIM kI hiMsA kA tyAga hai| sthAvara kAya prANI bhI yadi varttamAna meM trasa rUpa meM utpanna hoMge to zrAvaka unake vadha kA tyAga bhI avazya kregaa| ataH jo brAhmaNa ke vadha kA tyAgI hai, vaha anya paryAyoM meM yA anya zarIra meM utpanna hue usa brAhmaNa ke jIva kA ghAta karatA hai, to usakA vratabhaMga nahIM hotA / dUsarI bAta hai ki yaha 'bhUta' zabda kA prayoga nirarthaka hai| trasa ke sAtha bhUta zabda jor3ane para pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna ho jAtA hai yA pratijJAbhaMga nahIM hotI, aisA kahanA bhrAmaka hai| kyoMki jo artha 'sa' pada se pratIta hotA hai, vahI sabhUta se pratIta hotA hai / ata: trasa tathA trasabhUta donoM zabda ekArthaka hai / cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne 'bhUta' zabda para vistAra se vimarza kiyA hai| bhUta zabda aupamya (upamA yA sAdRzya) tathA tAdarthya- ina do arthoM meM prayukta hotA hai| 'yaha anta: pura devalokabhUta (devaloka sadRza) hai|' yahA~ 'bhUta' zabda kA prayoga upamA ke artha meM huA hai| nagara ko devaloka 'bhUta' kahane kA artha nagara devaloka nahIM balki devaloka jaisA hai| trasabhUta kA artha bhI trasa sadRza (tulya) hogaa| aisA hone para 'sa jaise prANI ke vadha kA tyAga' hogaa| parantu trasa prANiyoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga nahIM hogaa| magara yaha artha yahA~ abhISTa nahIM hai / tAdarthya meM 'bhUta' zabda kA prayoga vyartha hai / jaise- zItIbhUta udaka zIta kahalAtA hai, vaise hI trasIbhUta jIva trasa kahalAtA hai| yahA~ 'bhUta' zabda kisI nyUnAdhika artha ko prakaTa nahIM karatA, taba trasa zabda ke prayoga para Apatti kyoM honI cAhie / " udaka - gautama ! tuma trasa prANiyoM ko hI basa kahate ho yA anya prANiyoM kosa kahate ho ? gautama - udaka ! jinheM tuma trasabhUta kahate ho, unhIMko hama trasa kahate hai| vartamAna meM jo prANI trasa nAmakarma ke udaya ko prApta hai, ve hI trasa hai / udaka - gautama ! merI yaha sthApanA hai ki yadi sabhI trasa jIva eka kAla meM sthAvara ho gaye to zramaNopAsaka kA yaha pratyAkhyAna asaphala aura nirarthaka ho jaayegaa| kyoMki sakAya ke sabhI jIva sthAvarakAya meM aura sthAvarakAya ke 218 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sabhI jIva trasakAya meM utpanna ho sakate hai| gautama - udaka ! tumhArI yaha mAnyatA ayathArtha hai| aisA na kabhI huA hai, na hogA ki sabhI trasa jIva eka sAtha sthAvara ho jAye, trasa nAma kA koI prANI isa saMsAra meM rahe hI nhiiN| sthAvara ananta hai, jabaki trasa asaMkhyeya hai| yaha sahI hai ki kAla kI apekSA se trasa sthAvara meM utpanna hoMge para dUsare aneka prANI trasa meM Akara utpanna hote rheNge| ata: trasa zUnya saMsAra kI kalpanA vyartha hai| phira aise trasa bhI bahuta hai, jinakA ghAta manuSya kara hI nahIM sakatA, jaisedevaloka, nArakIya jIva, vaikriyalabdhi se kRta vaikriya zarIra tathA taiMtIsa sAgara kI AyuSya vAle jiiv| ina jIvoM kI apekSA se zramaNopAsaka ke supratyAkhyAna hI hogaa| isake atirikta tumhAre matAnusAra bhI to sabhI jIvoM ko saMsaraNazIla mAnane para sabhI sthAvara trasa rUpa meM utpanna ho jAyeMge, taba zramaNopAsaka kA pratyAkhyAna sarvaprANI viSayaka ho jaayegaa| isa prakAra tumhArI mAnyatA se tumhAre hI pakSa kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai| udaka - gautama ! koI vyakti trasa jIva ko mArane kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai| ve trasa jIva jaba sthAvarakAya meM utpanna hote hai, taba sthAvara kAya kI hiMsA karate huye usa vyakti kA vrata bhaMga nahIM hotA ? __gautama - udaka ! tumhAre isa tathya ko samajhAne ke liye ye tIna dRSTAnta paryApta hai 1. koI vyakti muni kI hatyA na karane kA vrata letA hai- 'maiM yAvajjIvana kisI zramaNa kA ghAta nahIM kruuNgaa|' koI muni pA~ca-sAta-daza varSa taka zrAmaNya kA pAlana kara puna: gRhavAsa ko svIkAra kara gRhasthI bana jAtA hai| jisane muni hatyA na karane kA vrata liyA hai, usake dvArA zramaNa avasthA se puna: lauTakara Aye huye vyakti kA vadha karane para pratyAkhyAna bhaMga hotA hai ? udaka - nhiiN| gautama - koI gRhastha virakta hokara pravrajyA grahaNa kara varSoM taka saMyama kA pAlana karatA hai| phira kisI kAraNavaza vaha gRhavAsa meM lauTa jAtA hai| pravrajyA grahaNa se pUrva gRhasthAvasthA meM hiMsA kA parityAga nahIM thaa| jaba mani banA to hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna kiyaa| aba puna: gRhasthI banane para kyA usake saba prANa, saba bhUta, saba jIva aura saba satvoM ke prati hiMsA kA tyAga hogA ? sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 219

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udaka nahIM / gautama - koI parivrAjaka nirgrantha pravacana meM anurakta banakara zrAmaNya ko svIkAra karatA hai| kucha varSa sAtha rahane ke pazcAt vaha nirgranthoM se alaga hokara parivrAjaka bana jAtA hai| yaha vahI vyakti hai, jisake sAtha zramaNa avasthA se pahale bhojana Adi kA sambandha nahIM thA aura zramaNa avasthA meM bhojana Adi kA sambandha thaa| aba vahI vyakti hai, jisake sAtha azramaNa avasthA meM bhojana Adi. sambandha nahIM hai| pahale azramaNa thA, bAda meM vaha zramaNa huA, aba azramaNa hai / kyA zramaNa nirgrantha usa azramaNa ke sAtha bhojana Adi kA sambandha rakhate hai? udaka - nahIM / gautama - he udaka ! isI prakAra jisa zramaNopAsaka ne trasa jIva kI hiMsA kA tyAga kiyA hai, usake liye trasa jIva hiMsA kA viSaya nahIM hotA / kintu vahI jIva jaba trasa paryAya ko chor3akara sthAvara paryAya meM utpanna hotA hai, taba vaha usake pratyAkhyAna kA viSaya nahIM hotA / niSkarSa yaha hai ki pratyAkhyAna kA sambandha paryAya se hai, dravya jIva se nahIM / jaise gRhastha meM lauTa AyA sAdhu vadha pratyAkhyAna kA viSaya nahIM hai, gRhavAsa muni hiMsA kA sampUrNa tyAga nahIM hai, zramaNa se azramaNa (gRhastha ) avasthA meM lauTa Aye vyakti ke sAtha zramaNa nirgrantha kA sAMbhogika vyavahAra (bhojanAdi ) ucita evaM kalpanIya nahIM hai, isI prakAra trasa paryAya ko chor3akara sthAvara paryAya meM utpanna hue prANI ke sAtha trasa pratyAkhyAnI kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| isa prakAra gautama svAmI ne udaka kI pratyAkhyAna viSayaka zaMkA kA vistRta samAdhAna kiyA / isI krama meM unhoMne pratyAkhyAna ke 9 vikalpoM kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA / anta meM gautama svAmI udaka ko prakhara zabdoM meM kahate hai - he udaka ! jo apanI kSudra evaM abhimAnI prakRti ke kAraNa paNDita na hone para bhI apane Apa ko paNDita mAnane vAlA samyak jJAna-darzana - cAritra kI ArAdhanA meM tatpara, pApakArI karmoM se virata, zAstrokta AcAra kA pAlana karane vAle uttama zramaNoM aura mAhanoM kI nindA karatA hai, jhuThA AkSepa lagAkara unheM badanAma karatA hai, to vaha sAdhaka sugati svarUpa paraloka tathA usake kAraNasvarUpa susaMyama kA avazya vinAza kara detA hai / udaka ne isa kathana ko AkSepAtmaka tathA vyaMgyAtmaka prahAra samajhA aura kRtajJatA jJApita kiye binA hI gautama kI upekSA karake jahA~ se 220 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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AyA thA, vahA~ jAne lgaa| taba gautama ne kahA- 'udaka ! tuma binA kahe hI cale jA rahe ho ? zreSTha puruSoM kA yaha AcAra hai ki jo vyakti tathArUpa zramaNa yA brAhmaNa se eka bhI Arya, dhArmika, hitakara, suvacana sunakara hRdaya meM avadhAraNa karatA hai, vaha apane hitaiSI upadezaka ke prati kRtajJa ho upakAra mAnatA hai, unake prati natamastaka ho vinaya karatA hai, unakI guNagAthA karatA hai aura yaha mAnatA hai ki inhIM se mujhe yogakSema rUpa pada kA upadeza milA hai| hAlA~ki pUjyanIya puruSa apanI kIrti yA pratiSThA nahIM cAhate, parantu usa kRtajJa sAdhaka kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha usakA bahumAna kre| tuma kRtajJatA jJApita kiye binA yoM hI cale jA rahe ho? kyA yaha ucita hai ?'' ___ gautama svAmI kI isa upAlambha bharI Takora ne udaka ke mana mastiSka ke sAre rozanadAna udghATita kara diye, bhItara prajJA tathA viveka kI rozanI khila utthii| usane apane aparAdha kI kSamAyAcanA karate huye kahA- 'bhagavan ! Apase hI maiMne paramArtha ke rahasya ko prApta kiyA hai| ye pada vastuta: Aja taka mere liye azruta, adRSTa, asmRta, avijJAta, aniyUDha, avyAkRta, avyavacchinna, ani:sRSTa, anupadhArita the| bhadanta ! aba maiM ina para zraddhA aura pratIti karatA huuN| maiM cAhatA hU~ ki cAturyAma dharma se sapratikramaNa paMcayAma dharma ko svIkAra kruuN| pArzva kI paramparA se abhiniSkramaNa kara mahAvIra kI paramparA svIkAra kruuN|| bha. gautama udaka ko zramaNa mahAvIra kI zaraNa meM le jAte hai, jahA~ vaha pArzvaparamparA se mahAvIra kI paramparA meM dIkSita ho jAtA hai| prastuta ghaTanA yaha digdarzana karAtI hai ki usa samaya meM bhI bha. pArzvanAtha kI paramparA mahAvIra kI paramparA se pRthak thI, jo kAlAntara meM mahAvIra kI paramparA meM vilIna ho gyii| udaka kA gautama ke prati kRtajJatA jJApita kiye binA hI calane ke liye tatpara honA bhI yaha saMketa detA hai ki pArthApatyIya mahAvIra yA gautama ke sAtha zraddhA evaM vinayapUrvaka pratipatti nahIM karate the| sandarbha evaM TippaNI 1. (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 201-202 (ba) sUtrakRtAga vRtti patra - 406-407 2. (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 203/204 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana / 221

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(ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 407 3. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 409 4. upAsakadazA-1/45, vRtti pa.-23 5. (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi - pR. 452-453 (ba) sUtrakRtAMgavRtti patra - 413-414 6. (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi - pR. 456-457 7. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 425-426 (ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 412-413 8. sUyagaDo, 2/7/34-36 222 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA . dArzanika vizleSaNa 1. paJcamahAbhUtavAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana meM vibhinna matavAdiyoM ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| vAdoM ke isa krama meM sarvaprathama paJcamahAbhUtavAda kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - 'isa loka meM paMcamahAbhUta hai, aisA kinhIM ne kahA hai| (ve paMcamahAbhUta hai) pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu aura aakaash| ina pA~ca mahAbhUtoM se eka AtmA utpanna hotA hai, aisA (lokAyatika) kahate hai| ina pA~coM ke naSTa hone para dehI (AtmA) kA nAza hotA hai|' sUtrakAra dvArA prayukta 'egesiM' pada se cUrNikAra ne paMcabhUtavAdiyoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai| vRttikAra ne isa zabda se bArhaspatyamatAnusArI (lokayatika) bhUtavAdiyoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai| AtmA ke astitva kA niSedha karanevAle dArzanika bhUtavAdI kahalAte hai| yahA~ vRttikAra ne eka prazna uThAyA hai ki sAMkhya, vaizeSika Adi bhI paMcamahAbhUtoM kA sadbhAva mAnate hai, phira prastuta zloka meM pratipAdita paMcamahAbhUtoM ke kathana ko lokAyatika mata kI apekSA se hI kyoM mAnanA cAhie ? isa prazna kA samAdhAna ve svayaM dete hai ki sAMkhya pradhAna se mahAna, mahAna se ahaMkAra aura ahaMkAra se SoDaza padArthoM kI utpatti ko mAnatA hai| vaizeSika kAla, diga, AtmA Adi tathA anya vastu-samUha ko bhI mAnatA hai| parantu lokAyatika (cArvAka) pA~cabhUtoM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 223

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ke atirikta kisI AtmA Adi tattva kA astitva nahIM maante| ata: prastuta vAda ko lokAyatika mata kahA gayA hai| pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu aura AkAza ye pA~cabhUta sarvalokavyApI hai, ata: inheM 'mahAbhUta' kahA gayA hai| zarIra meM jo kaThora bhAga hai, vaha pRthivibhUta hai| zarIra meM jo kucha rUpa yA dravabhAga hai, vaha apabhUta hai| zarIra meM jo kucha uSNa svabhAva yA zarIrAgni hai, vaha tejas bhUta hai| zarIra meM jo cala svabhAva yA ucchvAsanizvAsa hai, vaha vAyubhUta hai| zarIra meM jo zuSira sthAna hai, vaha AkAzabhUta hai|' paMcabhUtoM se caitanya kI utpatti - ye paMcamahAbhUta sarvajana pratyakSa hone se mahAna hai| isa vizva meM inake astitva se na koI inkAra kara sakatA hai, na hI inakA khaNDana kara sakatA hai| dUsare matavAdiyoM dvArA kalpita, pA~cabhUtoM se bhinna, paraloka meM jAnevAlA, sukha-du:khAdi bhoganevAlA AtmA nAmaka koI dUsarA padArtha nahIM hai| pRthvI Adi paMcabhUtoM ke zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hone para inhIM bhUtoM se abhinna jJAna-svarUpa eka AtmA utpanna hotA hai| lokAyatika matAnusAra, jisa prakAra guDa, mahuA Adi madya sAmagrI ke saMyoga se mAdaka-zakti utpanna hotI hai, usI prakAra paMcabhUtoM ke viziSTa saMyoga se caitanya zakti kI utpatti hotI hai| vaha caitanya-zakti paMcabhUtoM se bhinna nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha paMcamahAbhUtoM kA hI kArya hai| jaise- pRthvI se utpanna ghaTAdi kArya pRthvI se bhinna nahIM hai, vaise hI paMcabhUtoM se bhinna AtmA nahIM hai, kyoMki unhIM meM se caitanya-zakti prakaTa hotI hai| jisa taraha jala meM bulabule utpanna aura vilIna hote rahate hai, usI taraha jIva bhI inhIM bhUtoM se utpanna hokara inhIM meM vilIna hote rahate hai| prastuta sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama pauNDarIka adhyayana meM bhI paJcamahA-bhUtavAda kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| yaha satya hai ki bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se prathama zrutaskandha adhika prAcIna tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha apekSAkRta arvAcIna mAnA jAtA hai, tathApi dvitIya zrutaskandha meM prApta dArzanika vicAroM kA vizleSaNa bhI gambhIra hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM prastuta vAda kA nAmollekha nahIM kiyA gayA hai jabaki dvitIya zrutaskandha meM ise paMcamahAbhUtavAda batAyA gayA hai| vahA~ cArvAka yA bRhaspati jaise kisI bhI zabda kA prayoga nahIM hai| vartamAna meM cArvAka yA bRhaspati ke siddhAntasUtra milate hai, unameM cAra bhUtoM-pRthivI, apa, teU, vAyu kA hI ullekha milatA 224 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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hai| inameM AkAza parigaNita nahIM hai| kevala pratyakSa pramANa ko mAnane vAle cArvAka amUrta AkAza ko mAna bhI kaise sakate hai ? darzana yugIna sAhitya meM cArvAkasammata cAra bhUtoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai| Agama yuga meM paMcamahAbhUtavAdI the| dvitIya zrutaskandha meM paMcamahAbhUtavAda kA varNana isa prakAra hai- agAdha jala se paripUrNa puSkariNI meM khile puNDarIka kamala ko prApta karane kI icchAvAlA dvitIya puruSa paJcamahAbhUtavAdI hai, jisake anusAra - isa jagat meM paMcamahAbhUta hI saba kucha hai, jinase hamArI kriyA-akriyA, sukRt-duSkRta, kalyANa-pApa, acchA-burA, siddhi-asiddhi, naraka-svarga tathA antata: tRNa mAtra kArya bhI inhIM paMcamahAbhUtoM se niSpanna hotA hai| usa bhUta samavAya ko pRthak-pRthaka nAmoM se jAnanA cAhie, yathA- pRthvI mahAbhUta, jala mahAbhUta, teja mahAbhUta, vAyu mahAbhUta, AkAza mhaabhuut| ye paMcamahAbhUta anirmita, anirmApita, akRta, akRtrima, akRtaka, anAdi-anidhana (ananta), avandhya (saphala), apurohita (dUsare ke dvArA apravartita), svatantra aura zAzvata hai|' paMcamahAbhUtavAda pakudhakAtyAyana ke dArzanika pakSa kI eka zAkhA hai| bauddhasAhitya meM pakudhakAtyAyana sammata sAta kAyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| 'pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu, sukha, duHkha tathA jIva, ye sAta kAya (padArtha) akRta, akRtavidha, anirmita, anirmApita, vandhya, kUTastha tathA khambhe ke samAna acala hai| ve hilate nahIM, badalate nahIM, Apasa meM kaSTadAyaka hote nahIM aura eka-dUsare ko sukhaduHkha dene meM bhI asamartha hai| ina sAtoM meM maranevAlA, mAranevAlA, sunanevAlA, kahanevAlA, jAnanevAlA koI nhiiN| jo bhI tIkSNa zastra se sira kA chedana karatA hai, vaha kisI jIva kA vyaparopaNa nahIM krtaa| vaha zastra ina sAta padArthoM ke avakAza meM ghUsatA hai| atIndriya padArtha kA niSedha - paMcabhUtavAdI zarIra se bhinna AtmA kA svatantra astitva nahIM maante| cU~ki AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai, ata: paraloka, punarjanma aura mokSa kA to prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| bhUtavAdI siddhAnta ke anusAra mRtyu hI mokSa hai| ve dharmAcaraNa ko bhI mahattva nahIM dete| unakA pratipAdya hai ki dharma kA AcaraNa nahIM karanA caahie| isakI puSTi meM unakA tarka hai ki usakA phala paraloka meM hotA hai| jaba paraloka hI sandigdha hai, taba usakA phala asaMdigdha kaise hogA ? kauna samajhadAra puruSa hAtha meM Aye hue mUlyavAn padArtha ko dUsaroM ko sauMpanA cAhegA? kala milane vAle mayUra kI apekSA Aja milanevAlA kabUtara sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 225

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acchA hai| sandigdha sone ke sikke kI apekSA nizcit cA~dI kA sikkA acchA hai|' pratyakSa hI pramANa hai - lokAyatika apane mata ko satya pramANita karane ke lie pramANa kA bhI sahArA lete hai| inake anusAra ekamAtra pratyakSa hI pramANa hai, anumAna Adi pramANa mithyA bhI ho jAte hai aura unameM bAdhaka evaM asambhava doSa bhI ho sakate hai| ata: pratyakSa meM upalabdha pA~ca mahAbhUtoM se bhinna AtmA nAmaka kisI padArtha kA grahaNa nahIM hotaa| mAtra indriyoM dvArA pratyakSa padArtha kA hI svIkAra hone se atIndriya padArtha- AtmA, karma, puNya-pApa, svarga-naraka, baMdha-mukti Adi kI sattA svata: asvIkArya ho jAtI hai| paMcamahAbhUtavAda kA khaNDana zAstrakAra ne mUla grantha meM isa vAda kA kahIM bhI khaNDana nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kintu niyuktikAra tathA vRttikAra ne isakA khaNDana kiyA hai| niyuktikAra ke anusAra paMcamahAbhUtoM kA guNa caitanya nahIM hone se usase utpanna AtmA meM bhI caitanya nahIM hogaa| jaise- bAlU meM tela utpanna karane vAlA snigdhatA kA guNa nahIM hai, isaliye bAlU ko pIlane se tela paidA nahIM hotA, usI prakAra paMcabhUtoM meM caitanya utpanna karane kA guNa na hone se, unake saMyoga se caitanya utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| jinakA guNa caitanya se anya hai, una pRthvI Adi paMcabhUtoM ke saMyoga se cetanAdi guNa kaise prakaTa ho sakate hai? caitanya guNa indriyoM kA na hone se AtmA kI siddhi sparzana, rasana, ghrANa, cakSu tathA zrotrarUpa pA~ca indriyoM ke jo upAdAna kAraNa hai, unakA guNa bhI caitanya nahIM hone se bhUtasamudAya kA guNa caitanya nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki eka indriya ke dvArA jAnI huI bAta dUsarI indriya nahIM jAna pAtI, to phira maiMne sunA bhI, dekhA bhI, cakhA, sUMghA aura chuA bhI, isa prakAra kA saMkalanarUpa jJAna kisa ko hogA? parantu yaha saMkalanajJAna anubhavasiddha hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki bhautika indriyoM ke atirikta anya koI eka draSTA avazya honA cAhie, aura vaha draSTA AtmA hI ho sakatA hai, bhUta samudAya nahIM kyoMki caitanyaguNa AtmA kA hai, bhUta samudAya kA nhiiN| isa sambandha meM isa prakAra kA anumAna prayoga hotA hai - bhUta samudAya caitanya guNa vAlA nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha acetana guNa vAle 226 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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padArthoM se banA hai| jo-jo acetana guNa vAle padArthoM se banA hotA hai, vaha saba acetana guNa vAlA hotA hai| jaise- ghaTa, paTa aadi| cArvAka mata meM zarIra aura indriyoM ke atirikta 'AtmA' nahIM mAnA gayA hai| ata: AtmA ko draSTA na mAnane ke kAraNa cakSu Adi indriyoM ko hI draSTA mAnanA paDA hai| parantu pAMcoM indriyoM ke upAdAna kAraNa jJAnarUpa na hone se indriyA~ caitanya guNa yA jJAna guNa vAlI nahIM ho sktii| ata: AtmA avazya hai, kyoMki samasta indriyoM ke dvArA jAne hue padArthoM kA sammelanAtmaka jJAna AtmA ke sivAya kisI ko ho nahIM sktaa| 'maiMne pA~coM hI viSayoM ko jAnA' yaha sammelanAtmaka jJAna hai| pratyeka indriya apane-apane viSaya kA pratyakSa karatI hai, jaise- A~kha rUpa ko hI dekhatI hai, sparza yA zabdAdi kA jJAna nahIM kara sktii| isI prakAra sparzendriya sparza kA hI jJAna karatI hai, rasa yA gaMdha kA nhiiN| ata: indriyoM ke dvArA jAne gaye samasta viSayoM aura arthoM ko pratyakSa karane vAlA eka AtmA nizcaya hI hai| pA~ca khir3akiyoM ke samAna pA~ca indriyA~ usake pratyakSa sAdhana hai, jinase prApta hue jJAna ko indriyoM ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI kAlAntara meM vaha smaraNa kara letA hai|" jJAnavAn indriyA~ nahIM, AtmA hai yadi indriyoM ko hI jJAnavAn mAnA jAya to prazna hotA hai ki saba indriyA~ milakara jJAna kA AdhAra hai yA pRthak-pRthak ? yadi kahe ki saba indriyA~ milakara AdhAra hai, taba to eka indriya kA nAza hone para jJAnavAn kA hI nAza ho jaayegaa| vahA~ phira jJAna kI utpatti hI nahIM hogI kyoMki jJAna ke AdhAra kA nAza ho cukA hai| yadi kahe ki pRthak-pRthak eka-eka indriya jJAna kA AdhAra hai, taba to kisI kAraNavaza netra ke naSTa hone para pahale dekhe hue rUpa kA smaraNa honA cAhie kintu vaha nahIM hotA kyoMki anubhavakartA (netra) aba vidyamAna nahIM hai| tAtparyArtha yaha hai ki jisa adhikaraNa meM jisa viSaya kA anubhava utpanna hotA hai, usI adhikaraNa meM pUrvotpanna anubhava se prApta saMskAra ke bala se kAlAntara meM smaraNa utpanna hotA hai| aisA nahIM hotA ki anubhava eka kare aura smaraNa koI dUsarA kre| yadi dUsare ke dvArA avalokita padArtha kA smaraNa dUsare ko hone lage, taba to sarvajJa ke dvArA dekhe gaye padArthoM kA smaraNa hama logoM ko ho jAnA caahie| lekina aisA kadApi nahIM hotaa| cU~ki dUsare ke dvArA dekhe gaye padArtha sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 227

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ko dUsarA smaraNa nahIM kara pAtA ataeva indriyA~ cetanavAn yA jJAnavAn nahIM hai / 12 - 'nAnyad dRSTaM smaratyanyo naikabhUtamakramAt ' / paMcabhUtoM se bhinna hai AtmA vRttikAra eka zaMkA prastuta karate hai- yadi paMcabhUtoM se bhinna AtmA nAmaka koI padArtha nahIM hai to phira mRta zarIra ke vidyamAna rahate bhI 'vaha (zarIrI) mara gayA' aisA vyavahAra kyoM hotA hai ? kyoMki marate samaya bhI pA~coM bhUta aura tajjanya caitanya zakti to rahatI hai| cArvAka isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna yoM karate hai ki zarIra rUpa meM pariNata paMcabhUtoM meM caitanyazakti prakaTa hone ke pazcAt una pA~ca bhUtoM meM se vAyu yA teja kisI bhI eka yA donoM ke vinaSTa ho jAne para dehI kA nAza ho jAtA hai, usI para se 'vaha mara gayA' aisA vyavahAra hotA hai, parantu yaha yukti nirAdhAra hai| mRta zarIra meM bhI pA~coM bhUta vidyamAna rahate hai, phira bhI usameM caitanyazakti nahIM rahatI / isaliye yaha siddha hai ki caitanya ( AtmA ) paMcabhautika zarIra se bhinna hai / " 13 paMcabhUtoM ke saMyoga se caitanya AtmA kI utpatti asaMbhava hai cArvAkoM kI yaha yukti bhI ayathArtha hai ki guDa, ATA, mahuA Adi madya ke pratyeka aMga meM na rahane vAlI mAdakazakti usake samudAya se utpanna hotI hai, usI prakAra pratyeka bhUta meM caitanyazakti na hokara paMcabhUtoM ke samudAya se caitanyazakti prakaTa hotI hai / yahA~ dRSTAnta aura drAAntika meM samAnatA nahIM hai| guDa, ATA, mahuA Adi madya ke pratyeka aMga meM sUkSma rUpa se mAdaka zakti vidyamAna rahatI hai aura vahI samudAyAvasthA meM spaSTa rUpa se pragaTa hotI hai / parantu yahA~ to pRthvI, ap Adi pratyeka bhUta meM caitanya kA sarvathA abhAva hai, taba bhUtoM ke samUha meM caitanyazakti kahA~ se utpanna hogI ? lokAyatika yaha mAnate hai ki paMcabhUtoM ke sammelana mAtra se caitanyaguNa utpanna ho jAtA hai, para yaha kathana pratyakSa anubhava kI kasauTI para kharA nahIM utrtaa| kyoMki eka kArIgara dvArA banAyI gayI miTTI kI eka putalI meM pRthvI (miTTI), jala, teja ( dhUpa va pakAte samaya agni ), havA tathA AkAza ina pA~coM kA saMyoga hone para bhI vahA~ cetanA prakaTa hotI huI dikhAyI nahIM detii| yadi pA~ca bhUtoM ke saMyoga se hI caitanya utpanna hotA hai, to vaha putalI svayaM bolatI yA calatI kyoM nahIM ? jaDa hI kyoM banI rahatI hai ? isase spaSTa hai ki paMcUbhatoM 228 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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ke saMyoga se caitanya utpanna nahIM hotaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra AtmA kI siddhi paMcamahAbhUtavAda kA khaNDana karane ke sAtha vRttikAra ne aise aneka pramANoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo AtmA kI siddhi karate haiN| vastu kA pratyakSa na honA vastu ke abhAva kA bodhaka nahIM hai bhUtavAdI ekamAtra pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnate hai| yadi pratyakSa hI satya hai, taba to ghara se bhAge hue putra kA pratyakSa na hone se usake bhI abhAva (mRtyu) kA prasaMga aayegaa| parantu aisA vyavahArika jIvana meM nahIM dekhA jaataa| kyoMki kisI vastu kA kevala indriyoM se pratyakSa na hone mAtra se abhAva siddha nahIM ho sktaa| pratyakSa se usakA abhAva tabhI siddha hotA hai, jaba vaha vastu pratyakSa se jAnane yogya ho, phira bhI na jAnA jAtA ho| tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi vastu kA apratyakSa vastu kA abhAva siddha karatA ho to ghara ke andara rakhI huI vastu kA bhI dIvAra Adi kI oTa ke kAraNa pratyakSa na hone se abhAva siddha ho jaayegaa| vAstava meM atisamIpatA, atidUrI Adi bAdhakoM se rahita pratyakSa jaba kisI vastu ko nahIM jAnatA hai, tabhI usa vastu ke abhAva kA bodha hotA hai| nimnokta kAraNoM meM pratyakSa rUpa se viSaya kA grahaNa na hone se unakA abhAva siddha nahIM hotA -15 1. atidUrI - AkAza meM ur3a rahe pakSI kA atyanta dUrI ke kAraNa na dikhane mAtra abhAva nahIM ho sktaa| 2. atisAmipya - A~kha meM lagA aMjana atinikaTa hone se dikhAyI nahIM detA, parantu isase kyA aMjana kA abhAva siddha ho jAyegA ? 3. indriyakSati - andhe yA bahare ke na dekhane aura na sunane mAtra se rUpa yA zabda kA abhAva nahIM hotaa| 4. anyamanaskatA - mana kisI anya viSaya meM ekAgra hone para pracaNDa prakAza hone para bhI sAmane par3I huI vastu kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA para isase vastu kA astitva nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| 5. sUkSmatA - citta kI ekAgratA hone para bhI paramANu jaisA sUkSma padArtha pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM hotA parantu paramANu kA astitva to vidyamAna hI rahatA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 229

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6. vyavadhAna - kisI divAra, parde Adi kA vyavadhAna hone para padArtha kA pratyakSa nahIM hotA parantu isase padArtha kA nAstitva siddha nahIM hotaa| 7. abhibhava - sUrya ke udaya hone para cA~da-tAre abhibhava (daba jAne) ke kAraNa dikhAyI na dene mAtra se unakA abhAva siddha nahIM ho sktaa| 8. sajAtIya padArthoM ke sAtha sammizraNa - jalAzaya meM loTe kA pAnI DAla dene para loTe ke pAnI kA pRthak grahaNa nahIM ho sakatA tathApi usakA astitva svata: siddha hai| atIndriya padArthoM kI astitvasiddhi cArvAkamatAnuyAyI svarga, naraka, mokSAdi atIndriya padArthoM ke astitva kA niSedha karate hai| yahA~ vRttikAra ne yaha prazna kiyA hai ki Apa kisa pramANa ke AdhAra para inakA niSedha karate hai| kyA Apa svarga ko jAnate hai ? yadi jAnate hai to pratyakSa se yA anya kisI pramANa se ? pratyakSa se to atIndriya padArthoM ko jAnA nahIM jA sakatA kyoMki ve isIlie atIndriya kahalAte hai ki unakA indriyoM se pratyakSa nahIM hotaa| tathaiva pratyakSa pramANa se svargAdi kA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki pahale yaha spaSTa karanA par3egA ki vaha pratyakSa svargamokSAdi meM pravRtta hokara unakA niSedha karatA hai yA nivRtta hokara ? svarga yA mokSa meM pravRtta hokara to pratyakSa unakA niSedha kara nahIM sakatA kyoMki pratyakSa kA abhAva-viSayaka vastu ke sAtha virodha hotA hai| cArvAka mata meM jaba svarga, mokSa hai hI nahIM, taba unameM pratyakSa kI pravRtti kaise ho sakatI hai ? cU~ki pratyakSa rUpa se pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI, ata: pratyakSa pravRtta hokara atIndriya padArthoM kA niSedha nahIM kara sktaa| isI prakAra pratyakSa nivRtta hokara mokSAdi kA niSedha kare, yaha bhI yukti saMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki svarga-mokSAdi kA jaba pratyakSa hI nahIM hai, taba pratyakSa se unakA anizcaya nahIM ho sktaa| isake atirikta jinhoMne svargAdi ko nahIM jAnA, unheM unake abhAva kA bodha honA asaMgata hai| kyoMki abhAva ke jJAna meM pratiyogI kA jJAna kAraNa hotA hai| jisa puruSa ne ghaTa ko nahIM jAnA, vaha ghaTAbhAva ko bhI nahIM jAna sktaa| ghaTa ko jAnanevAlA hI ghaTa kA niSedha kara sakatA hai| cArvAka mata meM jaba svargamokSa hai hI nahIM, taba unakA niSedha kaise samIcIna ho sakatA hai ? kyoki niSedha usI kA kiyA jA sakatA hai, jisakA astitva kahIM na kahIM, kisI na kisI 230 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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rUpa meM vidyamAn ho| svargAdi kA astitva to hai, parantu vaha pratyakSasiddha nahIM hai / cArvAkoM ko svarga ke abhAva ke jJAna ke lie pahale svargAdi kA jJAna, pratyakSa ke sivAya anya kisI pramANa se karanA hI hogaa| isI prakAra dUsaroM ke abhiprAya ko jAnanA-samajhanA aura dUsaroM ko apanA abhiprAya samajhanA bhI pratyakSa ke sivAya anumAnAdi pramANa dvArA hI sambhava hogA / isa prakAra pratyakSa se bhinna anumAnAdi pramANoM kI siddhi aura unase svarga Adi atIndriya padArthoM kI bhI siddhi ho jAtI hai / pratyakSa pramANa se AtmA kI siddhi AtmA kA svatantra astitva hai, kyoMki usakA asAdhAraNa guNa caitanya hai, vaha upalabdha hotA hai| isa prakAra kArya kI upalabdhi se kAraNa kI arthAt deha se bhinna AtmA kI siddhi hotI hai| AtmA kA astitva saba pramANoM meM jyeSTha tathA pradhAna pratyakSa pramANa se svayaMsiddha hai / AtmA ke jJAnAdi guNa mAnasapratyakSa dvArA bhI pratyakSa kiye jAte hai / ve jJAnAdi guNa apane guNI AtmA se abhinna hai| guNa tathA guNI eka hone se mAnasa - pratyakSa se bhI AtmA kA pratyakSa hotA hai| 'maiM sukhI hU~, maiM duHkhI hU~, Adi anubhUta vAkyoM meM 'maiM' yaha jJAna AtmA kA hI grAhaka hai / " anumAna pramANa se AtmA kI siddhi / AtmA hai, kyoMki usakA asAdhAraNa guNa pAyA jAtA hai, jaise- cakSurindriya / yadyapi atisUkSma hone ke kAraNa AtmA sAkSAt jJAta nahIM hotI / tathApi sparzana Adi indriyoM se na hone yogya rUpa - vijJAna ko utpanna karane kI zakti jJAta hone se AtmA kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra pRthvI Adi meM na hone vAle caitanya-guNa ko dekhakara bhI AtmA kA anumAna hotA hai / " arthApatti pramANa se AtmA kI siddhi arthApatti, jo sAtavA~ pramANa hai, usase bhI AtmA siddha hotA hai| arthApatti pramANa kA lakSaNa hai ki jisa padArtha kA anya padArtha ke binA na honA chaha pramANoM se nizcita ho, vaha padArtha apanI siddhi ke lie jo anya adRSTa kI kalpanA karatA hai, use arthApatti pramANa kahate hai / " arthApatti ko samajhAne ke lie isa prakAra kA dRSTAnta karate hai - 'pIno'yaM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 231

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devadatto divA na bhukte|' yaha moTA-tAjA devadatta dina meM nahIM khAtA hai| binA khAye koI moTA nahIM hotA, yaha sabhI pramANoM se nizcita hai| para yahA~ devadatta kA dina meM khAne kA niSedha kiyA hai, sAtha hI use moTA bhI kahA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vaha rAtri meM khAtA hai| yahA~ devadatta kI rAta meM bhojana kI bAta nahIM kahI gayI hai phira bhI arthApatti pramANa se usakA grahaNa kara liyA jAtA hai| isI prakAra dIvAra Adi para lepya karma vagairaha meM pRthvI, jalAdi paMcabhUta samudAya hote hue bhI sukha-du:kha, icchA Adi kriyAe~ nahIM hotii| isase yaha nizcita hotA hai ki ina kriyAoM kA samavAyI kAraNa paMcabhUtoM se bhinna koI dUsarA padArtha hai, aura vahI padArtha AtmA hai| isa prakAra anumAnAdi mUlaka arthApatti pramANa se bhI AtmA kI siddhi hotI hai| Agama pramANa se AtmA kI siddhi Agama pramANa se bhI AtmA ke astitva kI siddhi hotI hai| atthi me AyA uvavAie' paraloka meM jAnanevAlA merA AtmA hai|20 'sa AtmA tattvamasi zvetaketo' zvetaketo ! vaha AtmA tumhI ho| ityAdi Agama pramANa AtmA ke astitva ko sthApita karate hai| deha ke vinAza se dehI kA vinAza mAnanA ayuktisaMgata cArvAka matAnusAra 'aha tesiM viNAseNa viNAso hoi dehiNo' paMca mahAbhUta kA vinAza hone para dehI kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai| parantu aisA mAnane para nimnalikhita tIna doSApattiyA~ A par3egI - 1.kevalajJAna, mukti yA siddhi kI prApti ke liye yama, niyama, prANAyama, tapa, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, dhAraNA, samAdhi rUpa kiyA jAnevAlA prakhara puruSArtha aura sAdhanA niSphala ho jaayeNge| 2.kisI bhI vyakti ko dayA, dAna, sevA, paropakAra, loka-kalyANa Adi puNyajanaka zubhakarmoM kA phala nahIM milegaa| 3.hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, DakaitI Adi aparAdha karanevAle loka ni:zaMka hokara pApakarma kreNge| kyoMki jaba unakI AtmA, zarIra tathA pApakarma yahIM naSTa ho jAyeMge taba paraloka meM una pApakarmoM kA bhugatAna karane ke lie unakI AtmA ko narakAdi durgatiyoM meM nahIM jAnA pdd'egaa| isa prakAra saMsAra meM avyavasthA, anaitikatA aura arAjakatA kA sAmrAjya chA jaayegaa| 232 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA kA svarUpa jainadarzana anekAntavAdI darzana hai| yahA~ pratyeka padArtha ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM sApekSa kathana kiyA jAtA hai| lokAyatikoM ke ekAMgI evaM mithyA dRSTikoNa kA vividha yukti evaM hetuoM se nirAkaraNa karate hue vRttikAra ne AtmA ke astitva ke pakSa meM vibhinna tarka pratipAdita karate hue usake svarUpa kA vizleSaNa kiyA AtmA kA nityAnityatva - jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA dravya kI dRSTi se nitya hote hue bhI paryAya kI dRSTi se kathaMcit anitya hai| jaise - ghaTa dravya rUpa se nitya hai parantu navInatA, prAcInatA Adi paryAyoM kI dRSTi se anitya hai, isI prakAra AtmA bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA, vRddhAvasthA Adi paryAyoM kI apekSA se anitya hai| saMsArI AtmA anAdikAla se karmabaMdha se jakar3A huA sUkSmabAdara, sa-sthAvara, paryApta-aparyApta, ekendriya, beIndriya, teindriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya Adi aneka avasthAoM ko prApta karatA hai| karmabaMdhana ke phalasvarUpa AtmA eka gati se dUsarI gati meM, eka jAti se dUsarI jAti meM, eka yoni se dUsarI yoni meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai| kabhI manuSya paryAya se deva paryAya ko, kabhI tiryaJca paryAya se naraka paryAya ko prApta karatA hai| ina samasta paryAyoM kI apekSA AtmA anitya hai parantu dravya kI apekSA AtmA nitya hai| kyoMki samasta yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karanevAlA, vividha zarIra dhAraNa karanevAlA aura zubhAzubha karmAnusAra sukha-du:kha kA vedana karane vAlA AtmA hai| una vividha zarIroM ke naSTa hone para, bhI AtmA naSTa nahIM hotaa| yahA~ taka ki samasta karmoM kA kSaya hokara vaha mukta, zuddha, buddha ho jAya, taba mokSa meM bhI AtmA hI jAtA hai, ata: dravyApekSayA AtmA nitya aura zAzvata hai| __ AtmA svazarIravyApI - vibhinna matavAdI AtmA ke bhinna-bhinna parimANa kI kalpanA karate hai| koI AtmA ko aNUparimANa vAlA mAnate hai, to koI brhmaannddvyaapii| koI zyAmAkataMdula (dhAnya-vizeSa) ke barAbara mAnate hai, to koi aMguSTha-parva jitnaa| jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA na to mahat (virATa) parimANavAlA hai, na aNu jitanA chottaa| vaha mAtra svazarIravyApI hai| jaise- ghaTa ke rUpAdi ghaTa se bhinna pradeza meM nahIM pAye jaate| ve ghaTa meM hI rahate hai, vaise hI AtmA ke jJAnAdi guNa bhI zarIraparyanta hI pAye jAte hai, zarIra se anyatra nhiiN| isa kAraNa jJAnAdi guNoM kA adhikaraNa (AtmA) sarvavyApaka nahIM balki zarIravyApI hI hai, jo vividha sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 233

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yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karatA huA, jisa jIva ke zarIra kA jitanA parimANa hai, utane hI parimANa meM vyApta ho jAtA hai|" prastuta vistRta vivecana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki lokAyatika mata ekAnta mithyA Agraha hai| jJAna-darzana-cAritrAdi guNoM kA adhiSThAtA (AtmA) paMcamahAbhUtoM se utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki jaina darzana ke anusAra dravyApekSayA AtmA na janmatA hai, na maratA hai| na usakI Adi hai, na usakA ant| vaha sadAkAla se hai va sadAkAla taka rhegaa| karmabaddha AtmA vividha yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karatA rahatA hai jabaki karmayukta AtmA lokAnta meM siddhazilA para sAdi-anantakAla taka sthita ho jAtA hai| yahIM AtmA kA arhat praNIta satya svarUpa hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUyagaDo, 1/1/1/7-8 (a). sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi - pR. 23 (ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 15 vahI, pR. - 16 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi, pR. - 23-24 (a). SaDdarzanasamucca - pRthivyAdibhUta saMhatyAM, tathA dehAdi sNbhvH| madazakti : surAMgebhyo yattadvaccidAtmani // 84 / / (ba). . prameyakamala mArtaNDa, pR. 115 : zarIrendriya viSaya saMjJeke ca pRthivyAdi bhUtebhyazcaitanyAbhivyakti piSTodaka: guDaghAta kyAdibhyo mdshktivt| sUyagaDo, 2/1/23 vahI, 2/1/23-26 dIghanikAya, 1/2/4/25 sUyagaDo, 1/1/1/7-8 TippaNa - 30 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 33 sUtrakRtAMga amara sukha bodhinI vyAkhyA, pra.zru. - pR. 69 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 16 vahI vahI sUtrakRtAMga amara sukhabodhinI vyAkhyA, pra.zu. - pR. 75 vahI 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 234 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 18 vahI vahI pramANa SaTkavijJAtau, yatrArtho nAnyathA bhavan / adRSTaM kalpayedanyaM, saa'rthaapttirudaahRtaa|| AcArAMga sUtra, 1/1/1/1 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 19 21. 2. ekAtmavAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM paMcamahAbhUtavAda ke pazcAta ekAtmavAda kA nirUpaNa tathA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| niyukti meM ise 'ekappae' arthAt ekAtmaka kahA hai|' parantu sUtrakAra ne isakA koI nAmollekha nahIM kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM isake svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue sayuktika khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM varNita ekAtmavAda uttara mImAMsA (vedAnta vAdiyoM) kA pradhAna siddhAnta hai| ve advaita brahma kI kalpanA karate huye kahate hai 'sarva khalvidaM brahma neha nAnAsti kiMcana' arthAt isa jagata meM saba kucha brahmarUpa hI hai| usake sivAya nAnArUpoM meM dikhAI dene vAle padArtha kucha bhI nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, cetana-acetana (pRthvI Adi paMcabhUta tathA jar3a padArtha) jitane bhI padArtha hai, ve saba eka brahmarUpa hai| sabhI prANiyoM ke zarIra meM jo bhUtakAla meM rahA hai, bhaviSya meM rahegA, vaha eka hI brahma bhAsamAna hotA hai|' isI bAta ko zAstrakAra yahA~ para spaSTa karate huye kahate hai ki 'evaM bho kasiNe loe viNNU nANA hi dIsae' yaha samasta loka eka jJAnapiNDa hai, jo nAnArUpoM meM dikhAyI detA hai| ekAtmavAdI nAnArUpoM meM dikhAI dene vAle padArthoM ko bhI dRSTAnta dvArA AtmarUpa siddha karate hai| jisa prakAra eka hI pRthvI-piNDa saritA, sAgara, grAma, ghaTa, paTa, parvata, nagara Adi nAnA rUpoM meM dikhAI detA hai athavA U~cA-nIcA, komala-kaThora, lAla-pIlA-bhUrA Adi ke bheda se nAnA prakAra kA dikhAI detA hai kintu ina saba meM vyApta pRthvI tattva kA bheda nahIM hotA, usI prakAra eka jJAna-piNDa AtmA hI cetana-acetana rUpa samasta loka meM pRthvI, jala Adi bhUtoM ke AkAra meM nAnAvidha dikhAI detA hai| isa bheda se AtmA ke svarUpa meM koI bheda nahIM hotaa| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 235

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vedAntI samasta jar3a-cetanAtmaka loka ko AtmasvarUpa, caitanyamaya mAnate hai tathA brahma ke atirikta samasta padArthoM ko asatya mAnate hai| zAstrakAra ne ekAtmavAda ko 'ege' zabda dvArA anya mata ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA hai| isase yahI phalita hotA hai ki jaina darzana ke anusAra jagata ekAtmaka nahIM hai| usameM nAnA jIva hai aura ve sabhI apane-apane karmoM kA phala bhogate hai na ki eka aatmaa| sUtrakRtAMga meM ekAtmavAda (AtmAdvetavAda) ke svarUpa nirUpaNa ke pazcAta use ayathArtha tathA yuktirahita batAyA gayA hai, tathA unakI prarUpaNA karane vAloM ko sUtrakAra ne mandabuddhi, ajJAnI, vivekahIna tathA mithyA pralApa karane vAle kahA ekAtmavAdI jagata kI ekAtmakatA ko siddha karane ke liye aneka dRSTAnta aura tarka prastuta karate hai| 'jaise - candramA jala se bhare huye vibhinna pAtroM meM aneka dikhAI detA hai, isI prakAra eka hI AtmA upAdhi bheda se nAnA rUpoM meM dikhAI detA hai|' 'jaise eka hI vAyu samasta loka meM vyApta hai parantu upAdhi bheda se alagaalaga rUpa vAlA ho gayA hai, vaise hI sarvabhUtoM meM rahA huA eka hI AtmA upAdhi bheda se bhinna-bhinna rUpa vAlA ho jAtA hai|'' ___ina tarkoM ke dvArA ve sampUrNa jagata ko eka brahmarUpa siddha karane kA hAsyAspada prayAsa karate hai isaliye zAstrakAra ne unheM jar3abuddhi kahakara sambodhita kiyA hai| ekAtmavAda ke anusAra sampUrNa vizva meM eka hI AtmA mAnane para nimnalikhita ApattiyA~ A par3egI - 1. sampUrNa brahmANDa meM eka hI brahma (AtmA) kA astitva svIkAra karane para eka ke dvArA kiye gaye zubha yA azubha karmoM kA phala anya sabhI ko bhoganA par3egA jo ki anucita tathA ayuktisaMgata hai| ___ 2. eka ke karmabaMdhana hone para sabhI karma se baddha tathA eka ke karma se mukta hone para sabhI karmamukta ho jaayeNge| isa prakAra baMdha aura mokSa kI avyavasthA ho jaayegii| 3. ekAtmavAda mAnane para devadatta ko prApta jJAna yajJadatta ko honA cAhiye tathA eka ke janma lene, marane yA kisI kArya meM pravRtta hone para sabhI jIvoM ko janma lenA, maranA tathA usa kArya meM pravRtta ho jAnA caahiye| parantu aisA kadApi 236 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sambhava nahIM hai| 4. jar3a-cetana sabhI meM eka hI AtmA mAnane para Atma kA caitanya yA jJAna guNa jar3a meM bhI A jAyegA jo ki doSapUrNa hai| 5. jise zAstra kA upadeza diyA jAtA hai vaha tathA zAstra kA upadeSTA, donoM meM bheda na hone ke kAraNa zAstra racanA bhI nahIM ho skegii| uparokta tarkoM dvArA yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ekAtmavAda kI dhAraNA kapola kalpanA hai| isaliye kahA hai - naikAtmavAde sukha du:kha mokSa, vyavasthA ko'pi sukhAdimAn syaat| __ekAtmavAda meM sukha, du:kha, mokSa Adi vyavasthAe~ gaDabaDA jAyegI isaliye isa mata ko mAnakara koI sukhI nahIM ho sktaa| ata: jar3a-cetanAtmaka jagata meM sirpha eka hI AtmA hai, yaha kahanA yuktiyukta nahIM hai| zAstrakAra kahate hai ki kaI AtmAdvaitavAdI 'brahma jJAna hI sarvajJa jJAna hai' isa mithyA dhAraNA meM pha~sakara ni:zaMka hokara Arambha-samArambha karate va pApAcaraNa meM pravRtta hote hai| parantu yaha brahma-jJAna unheM karmabaMdhana se bacAne meM samartha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra ve apanI Atma vaMcanA karake pApakarma ke pariNAmasvarUpa iha loka meM bhI du:kha pAte hai tathA paraloka meM bhI naraka, tiryaMcAdi durgatiyoM meM jAkara nAnA prakAra ke du:khoM se pIr3ita hote hai kyoMki "ege kiccA sayaM pAvaM tivvaM dukkhaM NiyacchaI' jo pApakarma karatA hai, use akele hI usakA phala tIvra du:kha ke rUpa meM bhoganA par3atA hai| ekAtmavAda kA nirUpaNa sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke SaSTha ArdrakIya adhyayana meM bhI huA hai| isa adhyayana kI 46vIM gAthA se 51vIM gAthA paryanta ekadaNDI (sAMkhyamatavAdI) tathA AtmAdvaitavAdiyoM (vedAntavAdI) kA Ardraka muni ke sAtha hue tAttvika saMvAda kA nirUpaNa hai| ye sAMkhyavAdI ekadaNDI Arhat darzana se apane darzana kI tulanA karate huye kahate hai ki jise hama puruSa kahate hai, use Apa jIvAtmA kahate hai| vaha jIvAtmA amUrta hone se avyakta rUpa hai| vaha kara, caraNa, sira aura gardana Adi avayavoM se yukta na hone se sarvavyApI hai| usakI nAnA yoniyoM meM gati hone para bhI usake caitanya rUpa kA kadApi nAza nahIM hotA, ata: vaha nitya hai| usake pradezoM ko koI khaNDita nahIM kara sakatA, ata: akSaya hai| ananta kAla bIta jAne para bhI usake eka aMza kA bhI vinAza na hone se sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 237

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avyaya hai| jisa prakAra candra azvinI Adi tAroM ke sAtha pUrNa rUpa se sambaddha rahatA hai, vaise hI yaha AtmA zarIra rUpa se pariNata sabhI bhUtoM ke sAtha pUrNa rUpa meM sambaddha rahatA hai, kisI eka aMza se nahIM kyoMki vaha niraMza hai| isa prakAra AtmA ke ye samasta vizeSaNa hamAre darzana meM kahe gaye hai, Arhata darzana meM nhiiN| yaha hamAre darzana kI viziSTatA hai isaliye Apako bhI hamArA darzana svIkAra karanA caahiye| ___ isa prakAra ekadaNDiyoM tathA vedAntavAdiyoM ne jaba Ardraka muni ko svamata kI mahattA kA pratipAdana karate hue use svIkArane kA anurodha kiyA taba Aheta (jaina darzana) ke maulika siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana karate hue unhoMne kahA ki Apake sAtha hamArA mataikya nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki Apa ekAntavAdI hai aura hama anekaantvaadii| Apake anusAra jIvAtmA sarvavyApI hai parantu Arhata darzana meM use mAtra zarIravyApI mAnA hai| jisa prakAra AtmA ke viSaya meM matabheda hai, usI prakAra saMsAra ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM bhI matabheda hai| Apa kahate hai ki sabhI padArtha prakRti se sarvathA abhinna hai parantu hamAre anusAra kAraNa meM kArya dravya rUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai| paryAya rUpa se nhiiN| Arhata darzana evaM sAMkhya-vedAnta darzana meM yaha sabase bar3A matabheda hai| AtmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke anusAra kArya kAraNa meM sarvAtmarUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai parantu Arhata darzana meM sarvAtma rUpa se vidyamAna nahIM hotaa| isake anusAra sabhI sat padArtha utpAda, vyaya tathA dhrauvya yukta mAne jAte hai jabaki sAMkhya matavAdI sabhI padArthoM ko mAtra dhrauvyAtmaka hI mAnate hai| yadyapi padArthoM kA AvirbhAva tathA tirobhAva mAnate hai lekina ve bhI utpatti aura vinAza ke binA nahIM ho skte| ata: aihika tathA pAralaukika kisI bhI padArtha ke sambandha meM donoM eka mata nahIM hai| sAMkhyavAdI AtmA ko sarvavyApI, avyakta, nitya, sanAtana, ananta, akSaya, avyaya tathA samasta bhUtoM (cetana-acetana) meM sarvAtmarUpa se sthita mAnate hai joki ayuktisaMgata hai| ekAntarUpa se nitya tathA avikArI AtmA ko svIkArane para samasta padArtha nitya ho jAyeMge to baMdha tathA mokSa kA sadbhAva kaise hogA ? baMdha ke abhAva se caturgati rUpa saMsAra nahIM hogA tathA mokSa ke abhAva se yama-niyama-vrata grahaNa bhI nirarthaka hI siddha hogaa| ___ AtmA ko sarvavyApI mAnanA bhI yuktisagaMta nahIM hai, kyoMki caitanya rUpa 238 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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AtmA kA guNa sarvatra nahIM pAyA jaataa| zarIra meM hI usakA anubhava hotA hai| ata: AtmA ko sarvavyApI na mAnakara mAtra zarIravyApI mAnanA hI ucita hai| jo vastu AkAza kI taraha sarvavyApI hotI hai, vaha gamana nahIM kara sakatI jabaki AtmA karma se prerita hokara nAnA gatiyoM meM bhramaNa karatI hai| jaba use sadA avikArI, ekarasa, ekarUpa honA batalAte hai to aisI sthiti meM usakA vibhinna gatiyoM aura yoniyoM meM gamanAgamana kaise sambhava hogA ? AtmAdvaita mAnane para naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya, deva, subhaga-durbhaga, dhanI-nirdhana, bAla-kumAra Adi bheda sambhava nahIM hoMge jo ki pratyakSa jagata meM anubhava siddha hai| use ekAnta kUTastha nitya mAnanA bhI anucita hai| vastuta: pratyeka AtmA svatantra hai, bhinna-bhinna hai, svakarmAnusAra sukhadu:kha bhogatI hai tathA sva-zarIra paryanta hI caitanya rUpa hai| vaha nAnA gatiyoM meM jAtI hai isaliye pariNAmI nitya hai, kuTastha-nitya nhiiN| AtmA kA yahI svarUpa Arhata darzana meM mAnya hai evaM yukti saMgata hai| sAMkhyadarzana aura AtmadvaitavAdiyoM kA mata doSa pUrNa hone se kisI bhI sthiti meM mAnya nahIM ho sktaa| sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 30 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/1/1/9-10 (a) brahma sUtra (ba) chAndogyopaniSada, 3/14/1 'sarvametadidaM brahma' (sa) maitryupaniSada, 4/6/3 'brahma khalvidaM vAva sarvam' (da) zvetozvataropaniSada, a. - 4, brA. 6/13 'puruSa evedaM sarvaM yaccabhUtaM yccbhaavym| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/1/1/10 kaThopaniSada, 2/5/10 eka evahi bhUtAtmA, bhUte bhUte vyvsthitH| ekadhA bahudhA caiva, dRzyate jala cndrvt|| vAyuryathaiko bhuvanaM praviSTo, rUpaM rUpaM pratirarUpo babhUva / ekastathA sarva bhUtAntarAtmA, rUpa rUpaM pratirUpo bahizca // sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 2/6/46-47 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 401-403 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 239

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3. tajjIva-taccharIravAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha meM tajjIva-taccharIravAda kA varNana prApta hotA hai| vahI jIva hai aura vahI zarIra hai, aisA jo batalAtA hai, vaha tajjIvataccharIravAdI hai| yadyapi pUrvokta paMcamahAbhUtavAdI bhI zarIra ko hI AtmA kahate hai, tathApi unake mata meM paMcabhUta hI zarIra ke rUpa meM pariNata hokara saba kriyAe~ karate hai| parantu prastuta matavAdI aisA nahIM maante| ve zarIra rUpa meM paMcabhUtoM se caitanyazakti kI utpatti mAnate hai| yahI paMcamahAbhUtavAdiyoM se tajjIva-taccharIravAdI kI bhinnatA hai| prastuta zrutaskandha meM isa vAda kA pratipAdana isa prakAra huA hai- 'jo bAla (ajJAnI) tathA paNDita hai, una sabake zarIra meM pRthak-pRthak akhaNDa AtmA hai| ve AtmAe~ paraloka meM nahIM jaatii| unakA punarjanma nahIM hotaa| na puNya hai, na pApa hai| aura na isa loka se bhinna dUsarA koI loka hai| zarIra kA vinAza hone para AtmA kA bhI vinAza ho jAtA hai|' isa zloka-yugala meM varNita tajjIva-taccharIravAdiyoM ke uparokta mata se cAra pariNAma phalita hote hai 1. ajJAnI tathA paNDita, sabhI kI AtmAe~ pRthaka-pRthak hai| 2. jIva ke zubhAzubha karma phaladAyaka puNya aura pApa nahIM hote| 3. isa loka se bhinna kisI dUsare loka kA astitva nahIM hai| 4. zarIra ke naSTa hote hI AtmA kA bhI nAza ho jAne se na usakA punarjanma sambhava hai, na anya gatiyoM meM bhrmnn| uparokta mata se jainadarzana kI tulanA kI jAya to prathama mAnyatA meM hI samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| tajjIva-taccharIravAdI sabhI kI AtmAoM ko bhinnabhinna mAnane para bhI zarIra se bhinna, paraloka meM jAnevAlA, svakarmaphala kA bhoktA, anantazaktimAna Atma-tatva kA svatantra astitva nahIM maante| jabaki jainadarzana AtmA ke anekatva ko svIkArate hue zarIra ke utpAda-vinAza ke sAtha AtmA kI utpatti-vinAza ko nahIM maantaa| balki zarIra se bhinna, paralokakAmI, sukhadu:kha kA vedana karanevAlA, svatantra AtmA hI yahA~ svIkArya hai| zAstrakAra ne prastuta matavAdiyoM ke mithyAmata ko zloka-yugala meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki jaba zarIra ke naSTa hote hI AtmA naSTa ho jAtI hai, to usake puNyapApa bhI usake sAtha hI naSTa ho jAte hoNge| jaba sukRt-duSkRt ke phalasvarUpa 240 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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puNya-pApa hI vinaSTa ho jAte hai, to usake bhugatAna ke lie isa loka se bhinna kisI loka yA paraloka kI kalpanA karanA bhI nirarthaka hai| nyAya kA yaha siddhAnta hai ki kAraNa ke abhAva meM kAraNa ke Azrita kArya kA bhI abhAva hotA hai| jaise- ghar3e ke ThIkaroM kA abhAva ho jAne para ghaTa bhI kisI prakAra se Thahara nahIM sakatA, tathaiva AtmArUpa (dharmI) kAraNa kA hI astitva nahIM hai to usake Azrita dharma-adharma (puNya-pApa) kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| jIva tathA zarIra ke ekatva kI siddhi prastuta sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM bhI tajjIva-taccharIravAda kA varNana vistAra se milatA hai| puNDarIka kamala prApta karane kI icchAvAlA prathama puruSa tajjIva-taccharIravAdI hai| isake anusAra paira ke talave se lekara, zira ke kezAgra taka tathA tirache camar3I taka jo zarIra pratIta hotA hai, vahI jIva hai| yahI pUrNa Atma-paryAya hai| yaha jItA hai, taba taka prANI jItA hai| yaha maratA hai, taba prANI mara jAtA hai| zarIra rahatA hai (taba taka) jIva rahatA hai| usake vinaSTa hone para jIva nahIM rhtaa| zarIra paryanta hI jIvana rahatA hai| zarIra ke vikRta ho jAne para dUsare use jalAne ke lie le jAte hai| Aga meM jalA dene para usakI haDDiyA~ kabatUra ke raMga kI ho jAtI hai| usake pazcAt AsaMdI (arathI, cArapAI) ko uThAne vAle cAroM puruSa gA~va meM lauTa Ate hai| isa prakAra zarIra se bhinna jIva kA astitva nahIM hai kyoMki zarIra se bhinna usakA saMvedana nahIM hotaa| jo loga, jIva anya hai aura zarIra anya hai, aisA mAnate hai, ve isa prakAra nahIM jAnate ki yaha AtmA dIrgha hai yA hrasva, valayAkAra hai yA gola, trikoNa hai yA catuSkoNa yA aSTakoNa, lambA hai yA caur3A, kRSNa hai yA nIla, lAla hai yA pIlA hai yA zukla / sugaMdhita hai yA durgandhita / tIkhA, kaDUA, kasailA, khaTTA, mIThA, karkaza-komala, halkA-bhArI, zIta-uSNa, snigdharUkSa kaisA hai, yaha nahIM batA sakate kyoMki AtmA kA kisI bhI rUpa meM grahaNa nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra zarIra se bhinna jIva kA astitva nahIM hai kyoMki zarIra se bhinna usakA pratyakSa anubhava nahIM hotaa| yadi jIva zarIra se bhinna hotA, to use bhI avazya isI prakAra pRthak dikhAyA jA sakatA, jaise - 1. talavAra ko myAna se alaga nikAlakara dikhAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha talavAra hai aura yaha myAna / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 241

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2. mUMja (ghAsa) se zalAkA ko alaga nikAlakara dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| 3. puruSa-mA~sa se asthi ko pRthaka karake dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| 4. hathelI se oNvale ko alaga dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| 5. dahI se navanIta ko alaga karake dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| 6. tiloM se tela alaga nikAlakara dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| 7. Ikha se rasa ko alaga nikAlakara dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| 8. araNI kI lakar3I se Aga ko alaga karake dikhAyA jA sakatA hai| tajjIva-taccharIravAdI apane mata ko puSTa karane ke lie uparokta ATha pratIkAtmaka dRSTAntoM ko prayukta karate hue yaha kahate hai ki jaise myAna se talavAra kA, dahI se makkhana kA, mA~sa se haDDI kA, araNI se Aga kA, tila se tela kA, mUMja se salAkA kA aura Ikha se rasa kA alaga astitva hai, jisakA hameM pratyakSa anubhava hotA hai, isa prakAra zarIra se bhinna jIva ke svatantra astitva kA na hameM pratyakSa hotA hai, na usakA bhinna sNvedn| ata: zarIra se bhinna jIva nahIM hai| bauddha sAhitya meM upalabdha ajitakezakaMbala ke dArzanika vicAroM kI ukta zloka-yugala evaM dvitIya zrutaskandhagata vicAroM se tulanA kI jAya to sahaja hI isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA jA sakatA hai ki yahA~ ajitakezakaMbala ke vicAra hI pratipAdita hue hai| dIghanikAya ke anusAra ajitakezakaMbala ke dArzanika vicAra isa prakAra hai - ___........ dAna nahIM hai, yajJa nahIM hai, Ahuti nahIM hai, sukRt aura duSkRt karmoM kA phala-vipAka nahIM hai| na yaha loka hai, na prlok| na mAtA hai aura na pitaa| aupapAtika (deva) satva bhI nahIM hai| loka meM satya taka pahu~ce hue tathA samyak pratipanna zramaNa-brAhmaNa nahIM hai, jo isa loka aura paraloka ko svayaM jAnakara, sAkSAt kara batalA ske| prANI cAra mahAbhUtoM se banA hai| jaba vaha maratA hai, taba (zarIragata) pRthvI tatva pRthvIkAya meM, pAnI tatva apakAya meM, agni tatva tejaskAya meM aura vAyu tatva vAyukAya meM mila jAte hai| indriyA~ AkAza meM calI jAtI hai| cAra-puruSa mRta vyakti ko khATa para le jAte hai| jalAne taka usake cihna jAna par3ate hai| phira haDDiyA~ kapota varNa vAlI ho jAtI hai| AhutiyA~ rAkha mAtra raha jAtI hai| 'dAna karo' yaha mUl kA upadeza hai| jo AstikavAda kA kathana karate hai, vaha unakA kahanA tuccha aura jhUThA vilApa hai| 242 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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mUrkha ho yA paNDita, zarIra kA nAza hone para saba vinaSTa ho jAte hai| marane ke bAda kucha nahIM rhtaa|' puNya-pApa kA niSedha - tajjIva- taccharIravAdI paMcabhUtAtmaka zarIra ke sAtha hI AtmA ke vinaSTa ho jAne se jIva dvArA upArjita puNya-pApa kA bhI niSedha karate hai / puNya aura pApa ye donoM AtmA rUpI dharmI ke dharma hai| jaba taka dharma TikatA hai, tabhI taka dharma kA astitva hai / AtmA rUpI dharmI ke abhAva se puNya - 1 - pApa rUpI dharma kA bhI abhAva ho jAtA hai| AtmA AdhAra hai, puNyapApa Adheya hai| Adheya ke abhAva meM AdhAra kI sthiti kaise saMbhava ho sakatI hai ? paraloka kA abhAva puNya-pApa ke kAraNa hI paraloka hotA hai / jaba puNya-pApa rUpa kAraNa hI nahIM hai, taba unase honevAlA paraloka bhI asambhava hai / paraloka kyoM nahIM hai ? aisA pUchane para prastuta matavAdI kahate hai ki jaise bA~bI se bAhara nikalate samaya sarpa pAsa meM khar3e logoM ko dikhAyI detA hai, vaise hI zarIra se bAhara nikalatA huA jIva mRta zarIra ke pAsa baiThe hue logoM ko dikhAyI nahIM detaa| ataH jisakA pratyakSa nahIM hotA, usakI sattA kaise mAnI jA sakatI hai? yo agara anupalabdha padArtha kI bhI sattA mAnI jAya to phira kharagoza ke sIMga aura AkAza ke puSpa kI bhI sattA mAnanI par3egI / ataH paMcabhUtoM se vyatirikta AtmA jaisA koI padArtha nahIM hai / kyoMki bhUtoM ke vighaTita hote hI AtmA usa meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| bhUtavAdI apane isa pakSa ko puSTa karane ke lie vibhinna dRSTAntoM ko karate haiM, jinakA ullekha vRttikAra ne kiyA hai 1. jaise jala ke binA jala kA budabuda nahIM hotA, isI prakAra bhUtoM se vyatirikta koI AtmA nahIM hai / 2. jaise kele ke tane kI chAla ko nikAlane lage to usa chAla ke atirikta anta taka kucha bhI sAra - padArtha hastagata nahIM hotA, isI prakAra bhUtoM ke vighaTita hone para bhUtoM se vyatirikta aura kucha bhI sAra padArtha prApta nahIM hotA / prastuta 3. jaba koI vyakti alAta ko ghumAtA hai to dUsaroM ko lagatA hai ki koI cakra ghUma rahA hai, usI prakAra bhUtoM kA samudAya bhI viziSTa kriyA dvArA jIva kI bhrAMti utpanna karatA hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 243

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4. jaise svapna meM vijJAna bahirmukha AkAra ke rUpa meM anubhUta hotA hai, Antarika ghaTanA bAhya artha ke rUpa meM pratIta hotI hai, isI prakAra AtmA ke na hone para bhI bhUta-samudAya meM vijJAna kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| 5. svaccha darpaNa meM bAhara ke padArthoM kA pratibimba par3ane para aisA AbhAsa hotA hai ki vaha padArtha darpaNa ke andara sthita hai, kintu vaisA nahIM hotaa| 6. jaise garmI meM bhUmi kI uSmA se utpanna kiraNeM dUra se dekhane para jala kA bhrama utpanna karatI hai| 7. jaise gandharvanagara Adi yathArtha na hone para bhI yathArtha kA bhrama utpanna karate hai| usI prakAra kAyA ke AkAra meM pariNata bhUtoM kA samudAya bhI AtmA kA bhrama utpanna karatA hai| 8. jaise sIpa meM rajata buddhi tathA rassI meM sA~pa kI buddhi mithyA aura avAstavika hai, usI prakAra bhUta samudAya meM caitanya-buddhi bhI ayathArtha evaM avAstavika hai| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM bhI AtmA ke astitva kA niSedha karate hue kahA gayA hai- 'prajJAna (vijJAna) kA piNDa yaha AtmA, ina bhUtoM se uThakara (utpanna hokara) inake nAza ke pazcAt hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, ata: marane ke pazcAt isakI cetanA (AtmA) saMjJA nahIM rhtii| tajjIva-taccharIravAda kA khaNDana tathA zarIra se pRthak AtmA kI siddhi prastuta mata-vAdiyoM kA yaha Agraha nitAnta mithyA hai ki vahI jIva hai aura vahI zarIra hai, zarIra se anya AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai| yadi AtmA zarIra se bhinna na ho to kisI bhI prANI kA maraNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki marane para bhI zarIra to banA hI rahatA hai| phira aisA kauna sA tatva hai, jisake abhAva se zarIra ke vidyamAna hone para bhI vyakti ko mRta kahA jAtA hai| yadi abhAva nahIM hotA, aisA mAneM to phira kisI kI mRtyu honI hI nahIM cAhie kyoMki jo zarIra hai, vahI jIva hai, AtmA kI svatantra sattA nahIM hai aura zarIra kI upalabdhi sAkSAt ho hI rahI hai| parantu vyavahArika jagat meM aisA nahIM dikhAyI detA / zarIra ke hone para bhI vyakti ko mRta samajhakara jalA diyA jAtA hai, isake pIche eka mAtra kAraNa AtmA hai, jisakA abhAva hone se zarIra ko murdA kahA jAtA hai| 244 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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jJAna kI amUrttatA se AtmA kI siddhi ina bhUtavAdI nAstikoM kA yaha kathana bhI yukti-saMgata nahIM hai ki jo vastu jisase bhinna hotI hai, vaha usase alaga karake dikhAyI jA sakatI hai, jaise talavAra myAna se alaga karake dikhAyI jAtI hai, Adi / nAstikoM kA yaha kathana unake ajJAna kA hI paricAyaka hai, kyoMki jo vastu mUrta hotI hai, vahIM dikhAyI jA sakatI hai| jo amUrta hone ke kAraNa dikhAyI jAne yogya na ho, use koI kaise dikhA sakatA hai ? yadi amUrta padArtha bhI pratyakSa dikhAyA jAnA sambhava hotA ho to nAstika apane jJAna ko samajhAne ke lie zabda-prayoga kyoM karate hai? use apane dimAga se nikAlakara pratyakSa kyoM nahIM dikhA dete ? jaise hathelI meM rakhe hue A~vale ko batAne ke lie zabda-prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA apitu darzaka ko sIdhe hI vaha dikhA diyA jAtA hai, tathaiva jJAna ko bhI dimAga se bAhara nikAlakara pratyakSa dikhA denA caahie| yadi nAstika yaha kahe ki amUrta hone ke kAraNa jJAna dikhAyA nahIM jA sktaa| ThIka isI prakAra AtmA bhI amUrta hone ke kAraNa pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM ho sktaa| amUrttajJAna guNa kA adhiSThAtA guNI amUrta AtmA ___ yaha sarvasAmAnya siddhAnta hai ki sabhI cetana prANI apane-apane jJAna kA anubhava karate hai aura vaha anubhava kiyA jAnevAlA jJAna guNa hai tathA amUrta bhI hai, yaha hama spaSTa kara cuke hai| usa amUrta jJAna guNa kA Azraya koI guNI avazya honA caahie| kyoMki guNI ke binA guNa kA rahanA asambhava hai| nAstikoM ke anusAra jJAna kA Azraya zarIra hai| parantu yaha kathana paraspara virodhI hai kyoMki jJAna amUrta hai jabaki zarIra muurt| mUrta kA guNa mUrta hI hotA hai, amUrta kadApi nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra amUrta jJAnaguNa kA Azraya amUrta guNI AtmA hI indriyoM kA adhiSThAtA AtmA ___ indriyoM kA koI na koI adhiSThAtA avazya hai, kyoMki indriyA~ (karaNa) sAdhana hai| isa jagata meM jo-jo karaNa hotA hai, usakA koI na koI adhiSThAtA avazya hotA hai, jaise- daNDa Adi sAdhanoM kA adhiSThAtA kumbhakAra hotA hai| jisakA koI adhiSThAtA nahIM hotA, vaha karaNa nahIM ho sakatA, jaise- aakaash| indriyA karaNa hai, isalie unakA adhiSThAtA AtmA hai, jo unase bhinna hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 245

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zarIra kA bhoktA AtmA isa zarIra kA bhoktA koI-na-koI avazya hai, kyoMki yaha zarIra odana Adi ke samAna bhogya padArtha hai / indriyA~ aura mana isa zarIra ke bhoktA isalie nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki ve svayaM zarIra ke hI aMgabhUta hai| jaise odana Adi bhogya padArthoM kA bhoktA koI na koI avazya hotA hai / isI prakAra isa zarIra kA bhI koI bhoktA avazya hai aura vaha hai AtmA / yahA~ nAstika matavAdI yaha tarka prastuta karate hai ki AtmA kI siddhi ke lie prastuta kiye gaye anumAnoM meM jo kumbhakAra Adi kA hetu diyA hai, vaha virUddha hai, kyoMki kumbhakAra Adi kartA mUrtta, anitya tathA avayavI hai, jabaki AtmA amUrta, nitya aura saMhatarUpa hI siddha hotA hai| ina mithyAvAdiyoM kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki jainadarzana ke anusAra saMsArI AtmA karma se paraspara milakara zarIra ke sAtha sambaddha hone ke kAraNa kathaMcit mUrta, anitya tathA avayavI bhI mAnA jAtA hai| paralokagAmI AtmA tajjIva- taccharIravAdiyoM kA yaha mata bhI mithyA hai ki AtmA paralokagAmI nahIM hai / isa anumAna se AtmA kA paralokagamana siddha hotA hai- tatkAla janmeM hue zizu ko mAtA ke stanapAna kI icchA hotI hai| vaha icchA pahalepahala nahIM huI hai, kintu vaha usake pUrva kI icchA se utpanna huI hai, kyoMki vaha icchA hai| jo-jo icchA hotI hai, vaha anya icchApUrvaka hI hotI hai, jaise kumAra kI icchaa| isI prakAra bAlaka kA vijJAna, anya vijJAnapUrvaka hai, kyoMki vaha vijJAna hai| jo-jo vijJAna hai, vaha anya vijJAnapUrvaka hI hotA hai, jaise kumAra kA vijJAna / tatkAla janmA huA baccA jaba taka 'yaha vahI stana hai' isa prakAra kA pratyabhijJAna nahIM kara letA, taba taka ronA banda kara vaha stana meM mukha nahIM lagAtA / isase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki bAlaka meM kucha na kucha pratyabhijJAna (vijJAna) avazya hotA hai| vaha yatkicita vijJAna anya vijJAnapUrvaka hotA hai aura vaha anya vijJAna pUrvajanma kA jJAna hI ho sakatA hai| ataH yaha siddha hotA hai ki paraloka meM jAnevAlA tatva AtmA avazya hai / tAtparyArtha yaha hai ki jisa padArtha kA jisane kabhI upabhoga nahIM kiyA, usakI icchA usameM nahIM hotI hai / usI dina kA janmA huA bAlaka, jisane 246 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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janma lene se pahale kabhI stanapAna nahIM kiyA, stana pIne kI icchA kyoM karatA hai ? isa anumAna se yahI phalita hotA hai ki usa bAlaka ne pUrvajanma meM mAtA kA stanapAna kiyA hai, usI ke pariNAmasvarUpa use janma lete hI usakI icchA huI hai| ata: siddha hai ki paralokagAmI AtmA avazya hai| dharmIrUpa AtmA kI siddhi se dharma rUpa puNya-pApa svata: siddha hai tajjIva-taccharIravAdI pA~cabhUtoM se bhinna AtmA nAmaka kisI dharmI ko nahIM maante| ata: puNya-pApa rUpa-dharma kI asiddhi svayameva ho jAtI hai| parantu uparyukta vibhinna tarkoM ke dvArA AtmA kI siddhi hone para usake puNya-pApa rUpa dharma svata: siddha hai| kyoMki agara puNya-pApa na hote, to jagata meM yaha vicitratA nahIM dikhAyI detii| isa vizva meM koI surUpa hai, to koI kuruup| koI dhanavAna hai, to koI nirdhana / eka hI mA~ ke do putroM meM eka matimanda hai, to eka matimAn / koI svastha hai, to koI rogii| koI sukhI hai, to koI du:khii| jagat meM pratyakSa ho rahI isa vicitratA ko hama na bhrAnti kaha sakate hai, na mithyA prtiiti| ata: puNya-pApa ke astitva se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi mithyAmatavAdI jagata kI vicitratA ko svabhAva se siddha karane ke lie patthara ke Tukar3oM kA dRSTAnta deM, to vaha bhI yuktipUrNa nahIM hai| kyoMki patthara ke Tukar3oM meM eka kA devamUrti banakara pUjanIya bananA aura dUsare kA paira dhone kI zilA bananA svabhAva se nahIM huA balki usake pIche una pattharoM ke karma hI kAraNa hai| unake svAmiyoM (pRthvIkAya-patthara kA jIva) ke karmavaza hI ve donoM zilA ke Tukar3e vaise hue hai| isalie puNya-pApa ke astitva se inkAra karanA pratyakSAnubhUta vastu se inkAra karanA hai| samIkSA uparokta varNana se spaSTa hai ki prastuta mata cArvAkoM ke siddhAntoM kA anusaraNa karane vAlA hI eka sampradAya rahA hogaa| inake jIvana kA mUlabhUta udghoSa hai'yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet, RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet|' jaba taka jIye sukhapUrvaka jIye kyoMki na AtmA hai, na pUNya-pApa aura na zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala denevAlA koI paraloka hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM isa mata kA vistAra se ullekha tathA khaNDana isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki usa yuga meM isa mata ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA vizeSa rahI hogii| parantu vartamAna meM hameM isa mata ke koI anuyAyI, dharmaguru yA dharmagrantha sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 247

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upalabdha nahIM hote / paNDita dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne isa mata kI tulanA puraNakassapa ke mata se kI hai| isibhAsiyAI sUtra ke 19 ve utkala adhyayana meM bhI isI prakAra ke siddhAntoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| isake AdhAra para yaha saMbhAvanA vyakta kI jA sakatI hai ki utkalAcArya hI isa mata ke udgAtA rahe hoM / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. saMdarbha evaM TippaNI sUyagaDo, 1/1/1/11-12 vahI, 2/1/15-17 dIghanikAya, 1/2/4/22 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 21 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, a. 4, brA. 6, zloka "pra (vi) jJAnaghana evaitebhyo bhUtebhyaH samutthAyAtAnyevAnuvinazyati, na pretyasaMjJA'stIti / " - 13 (a) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 22 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga amarasukhabodhinI vyAkhyA pra.zru., pR. 100-102 4. akArakavAda (akriyAvAda) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM AtmA ke akArakavAda (akriyAvAda) kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai| cUrNikAra ne ise sAMkhyadarzana sammata batAyA hai|' vyAkaraNa zAstra ke anusAra jo kriyA ke prati svatantra hotA hai, vaha kartA hai parantu akArakavAda ke anusAra AtmA amUrta, nitya tathA sarvavyApI hai / ata: vaha kartA nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki jo amUrta, nitya tathA sarvavyApI hotA hai, vaha kriyAzUnya hotA hai| - sAMkhyadarzanamAnya AtmA akartA, nirguNa (satva, rajas, tamas, triguNAtIta) bhoktA tathA nitya hai / ata: vaha svatantrakarttA nahIM ho sakatA / AtmA akartA isaliye bhI hai ki vaha viSaya - sukha Adi tathA inake kAraNa puNya-pApAdi karmoM ko nahIM krtaa| sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra AtmA svayaM na kucha kriyA karatI hai, na dUsaroM se karavAtI hai| cU~ki samasta kriyA nahIM karatI hai, ata: AtmA akAraka hai / aisI prarUpaNA akArakavAdI karate hai / 248 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sAMkhyakArikA meM puruSa (AtmA) ke pA~ca dharma batalAe gaye hai - sAkSitatva, kaivalya, mAdhyastha, draSTatva aura akartRtva | puruSa ke akartRtvabhAva kI siddhi meM do hetu hai - 'puruSa vivekI hai tathA usameM prasava dharma kA sarvathA abhAva hai| avivekitA se hI sambhUyakAritA ke rUpa meM kartRtva AtA hai tathA jo prasava-dharmI arthAt anya tattvoM ko utpanna karane kI kSamatA rakhatA hai, vahI karttA ho sakatA hai| avivekitA (sambhUyakAritA) tathA prasavadharmitA ye donoM hI guNoM ke dharma hai / ata: jahA~ guNa nahIM hai, usa puruSa tattva meM ina donoM dharmoM kA bhI abhAva hI rahegA- isalie vaha karttA nahIM, akarttA hI siddha hotA hai / zAstrakAra ne gAthA ke pUrvArdha meM 'kuvvaM ca kAravaM ceva' meM kuvva pada ke dvArA AtmA ke svatantra kartA kA niSedha kiyA hai| cU~ki AtmA amUrta, nitya, sarvavyApI hai, isaliye vaha svatantra kartA nahIM ho sakatA aura isI kAraNa vaha dUsaroM se kriyA karavAne vAlA bhI nahIM ho sakatA / isa gAthA meM prayukta prathama 'ca' AtmA bhUta tathA bhaviSyata - kartRtva kA niSedhaka hai / prazna hotA hai ki jaba ina donoM padoM se samasta kriyAoM ke svayaM kartRtva tathA kArayitRtva kA niSedha kara diyA gayA, phira punaH 'savvaM kuvvaM na vijjai' kahane kI AvazyakatA kyoM par3I ? isake samAdhAna meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAMkhyamata meM AtmA samasta kriyAoM meM pravRtta nahIM hotA, kintu mudrApratibimbodaya nyAya evaM japAsphaTika nyAya se vaha sthitikriyA tathA bhujikriyA karatA hai| jaise kisI darpaNa meM mukha kA pratibimba par3atA hai, usI prakAra prakRti rUpI darpaNa meM AtmA (puruSa) kA pratibimba par3atA hai| jaise zIze ke hilane para usameM par3A huA pratibimba bhI hilatA hai, usI taraha prakRti meM rahe hue vikAra puruSa meM pratibhAsita hote hai / isa dRSTi se jIva akartA hokara bhI kartA ho jAtA hai| prakRti meM sthiti kriyA hone para puruSa meM bhI sthiti kriyA upalabdha hotI hai| isa kAraNa acetana prakRti bhI cetanavatI ho jAtI hai aura AtmA akartA hone para bhI zarIra ke sambandha ke kAraNa kartA sadRza ho jAtA hai / ' jisa prakAra darpaNa meM pratibimbita mUrti apanI sthiti ke liye svayaM prayatna nahIM karatI balki anAyAsa hI vaha apane citra meM sthita rahatI hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhI apanI sthiti ke liye binA prayatna kiye hI sthita rahatA hai| isa mudrApratibimbodaya nyAya kI dRSTi se AtmA sthiti kriyA kA svayaM kartA na hone sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 249

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kAraNa akartA sA hai| isI prakAra sphaTika maNi ke pAsa lAla raMga kA japA puSpa rakha dene para zveta hone para bhI vaha maNi puSpa kI chAyA par3ane se raktavarNI pratIta hotA hai| isI taraha sAMkhya mata meM AtmA bhogakriyA rahita hone para bhI buddhi ke saMsarga se buddhi kA bhoga AtmA meM pratIta hotA hai| yoM japAsphaTika nyAya se AtmA kI bhoga kriyA mAnI jAtI hai| ___cU~ki AtmA sthitikriyA aura bhogakriyA ke liye prayatna nahIM karatA, isaliye zAstrakAra ke dubArA kahA ki 'savvaM kavvaM Na vijjaI' arthAta AtmA svayaM kisI bhI kriyA kA kartA nahIM hai| eka deza se dUsare deza meM jAne kI parispandanAdi sabhI kriyAe~ vaha nahIM karatA kyoMki sarvavyApI aura amUrta hone ke kAraNa vaha AkAza kI taraha niSkriya hai|' prastuta mata pUraNakAzyapa kA dArzanika pakSa hai| pUraNakAzyapa ko akriyAvAdI vicAradhArA kA samarthaka mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki inakI dRSTi meM AtmA niSkriya tathA karma niSphala hai| puNya tathA pApa kA bhI koI astitva nahIM hai| sAMkhya siddhAnta kI taraha ye bhI AtmA ko akAraka mAnane ke sAtha para puruSArtha kA phala nahIM mAnate the| bauddha sAhitya meM pUraNakAzyapa ke vicAroM kA pratipAdana isa prakAra huA hai - _ 'yadi koI gaMgA nadI ke dakSiNI kinAre para havya kare yA DAkA DAle, to bhI koI pApa nahIM hogA aura yadi koI uttarI kinAre para yajJa kare yA dAna de, to bhI kisI prakAra kA puNya nahIM milegaa| karma karate-karAte, chedana karate-karAte, pakAte-pakavAte, zoka karate-karavAte, prANoM kA atipAta karate-karAte, seMdha kATate-kaTavAte, gA~va lUTate-lUTavAte, baTamArI karate-karavAte, para-strIgamana karate tathA jhUTha bolate hue bhI pApa nahIM hotaa| tIkSNa dhAra ke cakra se prANiyoM kA vadha karane se dharatI para yadi mA~sa kA khalihAna bhI laga jAye to bhI pApa kA Agama nahIM hotaa| isI prakAra dAna, damana, yajJa, saMyama Adi se puNya kA Agama nahIM hotaa| akArakavAda kA khaNDana zAstrakAra ne sAMkhyamata kI AtmA sambandhI isa prarUpaNA ko siddhAntaviruddha tathA anubhava-viraddha batAyA hai, kyoMki sAmAnyatayA jo kartA hotA hai, 250 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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vahI bhoktA hotA hai parantu sAMkhya mata meM kartA prakRti ko mAnA hai, aura bhoktA puruSa (AtmA) ko| yajJa, dAnAdi kArya prakRti karatI hai aura una zubha kAryoM ke puNyaphala kA bhoktA hai cetana puruSa / isa prakAra puruSa ke sAtha kartRtva-bhoktRtva kA samAnAdhikaraNAtva chor3akara prakRti ko kartRtva aura puruSa ko bhoktRtva mAtra kA vyadhikaraNatva mAnanA, pahalA virodha hai| puruSa caitanyamaya hone para bhI nahIM jAnatA, yaha dUsarA virodha hai| puruSa na baddha hotA hai, na mukta, aura na hI bhavAntaragAmI hotA hai| prakRti hI baddha aura mukta hotI hai| nAnA puruSoM kA Azraya lene vAlI prakRti hI bhavAntaragAminI hotI hai', yaha siddhAntavirUddha tathA anubhavaviruddha kathana bhI unakI ajJAnatA hI hai| akRtAgama tathA kRtapraNAza doSa sAMkhyamatavAdiyoM kI isa mithyA dhAraNA para tIkhA prahAra karate huye zAstrakAra ne 'evaM te u pagAbbhiyA' kahakara unheM dhRSTa evaM mithyAbhiniveza se grasta, asatya pralApa karane vAlA kahA hai| AtmA ko akAraka (akartA) mAnane vAle sAMkhyamatavAdiyoM ke sAmane niyuktikAra ne aneka ApattiyA~ uThAI hai ki jaba AtmA karma kA kartA nahIM hai aura usakA kiyA huA karma nahIM hai, to akRta (binA kiye) karma kA vedana yA bhoga kaise karatA hai ? jaba AtmA svayaM niSkriya hai, to vedana kriyA kaise sambhava ho sakatI hai ? yadi karma kiye binA hI usake phala kI prApti mAnI jAtI hai, to isa prakAra mAnane se akRtaAgama tathA kRtanAza kI doSApattiyA~ khar3I hotI hai| phira to eka prANI ke dvArA kiye gaye pApa se saba prANiyoM ko du:khI aura eka ke kiye hue puNya se sabako sukhI ho jAnA caahiye| parantu yaha na to dRSTa (pratyakSa tathA anubhava se siddha) hai, aura na hI iSTa (sarva AstikoM ko abhISTa) hai| AtmA sarvavyApI nahIM ____AtmA ko yadi sarvavyApaka mAnA jAtA hai, to usakI deva, nAraka, manuSya, tiryaMca tathA mokSa rUpa pA~ca prakAra kI gati bhI nahIM ho skegii| aisI dazA meM sAMkhyavAdI saMnyAsI, jo kaSAyavastra dhAraNa, ziromuNDana, daNDadhAraNa, bhikSAnna bhojana tathA paMcarAtropadeza (grantha) ke anusAra yama, niyamAdi kA pAlana karate hai, ve samasta anuSThAna vyartha ho jAyeMge tathA 'paccIsa tattvoM kA jJAtA puruSa cAhe sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 25.1

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jisa kisI Azrama meM rahe aura vaha jaTI, muNDI athavA zikhAdhArI ho, mukti ko prApta karatA hai, yaha kathana bhI nirarthaka ho jaayegaa| isa prakAra AtmA meM sarvavyApitva guNa mAnane se deva, manuSyAdi gatiyoM meM usakA gamanAgamana bhI nahIM ho skegaa| sAMkhyamatavAdI AtmA ko ekAnta rUpa se nitya mAnate hai| nitya arthAt jo vinaSTa na ho, utpanna na ho, sthira ho, sadA eka svabhAva vAlA ho|" AtmA kevala nitya bhI nahIM AtmA ko sadA eka svabhAva vAlA, aparivartanazIla mAnane para jo bAlaka hai, vaha bAlaka hI rhegaa| jo mUrkha hai, vaha mUrkha hI rahegA arthAt jo jaisA hai, vaha vaisA hI rhegaa| kyoMki nitya mAnane para na to naye svabhAva kI utpatti hotI hai, na purAnA svabhAva vinaSTa hotA hai| vaha to sadA eka-sA hI rahatA hai| aparivartanazIla tathA sthira mAnane para puNya ke phalasvarUpa deva, manuSyAdi zarIra kI prApti bhI nahIM ho skegii| na mUrkha vidvAna bana sakegA, na ajJAnI ke jJAnI banane kI guMjAiza rhegii| aisI sthiti meM na trividha du:khoM kA sarvathA nAza hogA, na hI mokSAdi kI prApti hogii| tathA kuTasthanitya aisA niSkriya jaDAtmA 25 tattvoM kA jJAna bhI kaise prApta kara sakegA ? evaM usa AtmA meM vismRti ke abhAva se jAtismaraNa (pUrva janmoM kA smaraNa) Adi kriyA bhI kaise sambhava hogI ? AtmA niSkriya nahIM sAMkhyamatavAdI niSkriya, akartA AtmA ko bhoktA mAnate hai, yaha bhI ghaTita nahIM hotA kyoMki yadi AtmA niSkriya hai to bhogane kI kriyA kaise kara sakatA hai, phira akartA ko phala kA bhoktA mAnane se akRtAgama doSa A par3egA, jisase karma koI karegA, bhogegA koI aur| jaise prakRti ne kiyA hai para phala use nahIM milA yaha spaSTata: kRtanAza doSa hai| sAMkhyavAdI AtmA ko niSkriya mAnate huye bhI bhogane kI kriyA dvArA bhoktA banAkara puna: sakriya banA dete hai yaha to vadato vyAghAta jaisA hI hai| isI prakAra karmoM kA akartA AtmA se karmaphaloM kA bhoga karavAnA bhI pramANa se viruddha hai| yadi niSkriya AtmA bhujikriyA nahIM karatA hai, to use bhoktA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? anumAna pramANa se bhI AtmA kA abhoktRtva hI siddha hotA hai| saMsArI AtmA bhoktA nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki vaha bhogakriyA nahIM karatA, jaise - mukta aatmaa| 252 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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yadi sAMkhyamatavAdI kahe ki 'darpaNa meM pratibimbita mUrti bAhara rahakara bhI darpaNa meM dikhAI detI hai, isI prakAra AtmA meM na hotA huA bhoga bhI AtmA meM pratIta hotA hai' yaha kathana bhI yukti virUddha hI hai| pratibimba kA udaya bhI to eka prakAra kI kriyA hai| vaha kriyA vikAra rahita nitya AtmA meM kaise ho sakatI hai ? ___kadAcit ve yoM kahe ki isa AtmA ko bhogakriyA tathA sthitikriyA mAtra se hI niSkriya nahIM kahate balki samasta kriyAoM se rahita hone para hI niSkriya kahate haiM, to yaha kathana bhI nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki vRkSAbhAva ke sAdhya hone para phalAbhAva ko hetu nahIM banAyA jA sakatA arthAt aisA nahIM hotA ki vRkSa phalavAna ho tabhI vRkSa kahalAye aura jaba usake phala na lage hoM taba usameM vRkSAbhAva ho jAye yA vaha vRkSa na khlaaye| isI taraha supta Adi avasthAoM meM AtmA kathaMcit niSkriya hotA hai, itane mAtra se use niSkriya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| niyuktikAra ne AtmA kI niSkriyatA para praznacihna lagAte hue kahA hai ki jaise aphalatva, stokaphalatva tathA anizcitakAlaphalatva- ye adruma (vRkSAbhAva) ke sAdhaka hetu nahIM hai, adugdha yA stokadugdha bhI gotva kA abhAva sAdhane vAle hetu nahIM hai, usI prakAra supta, mUrcchita Adi avasthA meM kathaMcit niSkriya hone para bhI AtmA ko akriya nahIM kahA jA sktaa|| yadi stoka (thor3e) phala vRkSa ko siddha karane ke liye paryApta hai, to AtmA kI bhoktA rUpa svalpa kriyA bhI use avazya kriyAvAn siddha karane ke liye paryApta hai| kadAcit sAMkhyavAdiyoM kI buddhi yaha tarka upasthita kare ki svalpa kriyA usI prakAra niSkriya rUpa hai, jaise eka kArSApaNa dhana nirdhanatA rUpa hai kyoMki isa svalpa dhana se koI bhI vyakti dhanavAna nahIM kahalA sktaa| yaha kathana bhI yathArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki pratiniyata arthAt zata-sahastrAdhipati puruSa kI apekSA se yadi kahA jAtA hai, to yaha avazya satya hai ki vaha nirdhana hai, parantu nirdhana puruSoM kI apekSA se vaha dhanavAna bhI hai| jaise jarjara cIvaradhArI kI apekSA eka kArSApaNavAlA bhI adhika dhanavAlA hI mAnA jaayegaa| isI prakAra viziSTa zakti vAle puruSa kI kriyA kI apekSA se yadi AtmA ko kriyArahita kahe, to koI hAni nahIM hai, parantu sarvasAmAnya kI apekSA se yadi AtmA ko niSkriya kahate haiM, to yaha bAta asaMgata hai, kyoMki sarva-sAmAnya kI apekSA se to AtmA kriyAvAna hI siddha hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 253

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samIkSA sAMkhya darzana meM AtmA kA jo amUrta, akartA, nitya tathA niSkriya svarUpa mAnA gayA hai, vaha pramANa, yukti tathA anubhava kI kasauTI para kharA nahIM utrtaa| ve eka doSa ko miTAne ke liye saikar3oM dUSaNoM kA prayoga karate hue najara Ate hai| unakA mata ekAnta rUpa hone se dUSita hai, tathApi ve use satyatA kA colA pahanAkara mithyA Agraha kA hI poSaNa karate hai| isa mithyAtva ke kAraNa ve yahA~ bhI 25 tattvoM ke jJAtA hone kA jhUThA abhimAna kara pApa karmodaya vaza ajJAna ke gahare andhakAra meM DUbe rahate hai, tathA paraloka meM bhI durlabhabodhi hone se gADhatama andhakAra meM bhaTakate rahate hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI (a). sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi, pR.-27 : ege NAma saaNkhyaadyH| (ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 21 sAMkhyakArikA, gA. 19 sAMkhyAkArikA, pR. 89-90 (brajamohana caturvedI kRta anuvAda) sAMkhyakArikA, 20 tasmAttatsaMyogAdacetanaM cetanavadiva liNgm| guNa kartRtve'pi tathA karte bhvtyudaasiinH|| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 21 dIghanikAya, 1/2/4/17 sAMkhyakArikA tasmAnna badhyate addhA na mucyate nA'pi saMsarati kshcit| saMsarati badhyate mucyate ca nAnAzrayA prkRtiH| sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 34 ko veeI akayaM ? kayanAso paMcahA gai ntthi| devamaNurasagayAgai jAi saraNAjhyANaMi c|| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 23 paMcavizaMtitatvajJo, yatra ttraashrmertH| jaTImuNDIzikhI vApi, mucyate nAtra sNshyH|| sAMkhyatattvakaumudI - apracyutA'nutpanna-sthiraika svabhAva: nityH|| (a). sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 35 (ba). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 23 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 23 . sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/1/1/14 254 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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5. AtmaSaSThavAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke (pra. zru.) prathama samaya adhyayana kI 16vIM tathA 17vIM gAthAdvaya meM AtmaSaSThavAda kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jo pA~cabhUtoM ke atirikta AtmA ko bhI mAnate hai, ve AtmaSaSThavAdI kahalAte hai| vRttikAra ne ise vedavAdI, sAMkhya tathA zaivAdhikAriyoM (vaizeSiko) kA mata batAyA hai| cUrNi meM isa mata ko aphalavAda bhI kahA hai| pro. harmana jekobI' ise caraka mata mAnate hai| bauddha grantha 'udAna' meM AtmA aura loka ko zAzvata mAnane vAle kucha zramaNa-brAhmaNoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita AtmaSaSThavAda ke anusAra isa jagata meM pA~ca mahAbhUta tathA chaTThA AtmA hai| ye cha: padArtha sahetuka (sakAraNa) yA ahetuka (akAraNa) donoM hI prakAra se naSTa nahIM hote| na hI asat vastu kI kabhI utpatti hotI hai| sabhI padArtha sarvathA niyatibhAva (niyatva) ko prApta hote hai| AtmA tathA loka nitya (zAzvata) hai|' AtmaSaSThavAda kI mukhya mAnyatAe~ - zAstrakAra ne ina do gAthAoM meM AtmaSaSThavAda kI mukhya 5 mAnyatAoM ko spaSTa kiyA hai - (1) pA~ca mahAbhUta acetana hai tathA chaTThA padArtha AtmA hai, jo sacetana hai| (2) AtmA tathA loka, donoM zAzvata hai| (3) chahoM padArtha sahetuka yA ahetuka, donoM hI prakAra se vinaSTa nahIM hote| (4) asat kI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotI tathA sat kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotaa| (5) sabhI padArtha sarvathA nitya hai| 'AtmaSaSThavAdI AtmA kI nityatA siddha karane ke liye kahate hai ki bhUcaitanyavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana asaMgata hai ki AtmA anitya hai| AtmA ko sarvathA anitya mAnane se baMdha tathA mokSa kI vyavasthA nahIM hogI, ata: AtmA AkAza kI taraha sarvavyApI tathA amUrta hone se nitya hai| isa prakAra paMcamahAbhUta rUpa loka bhI apane svabhAva tathA svarUpa se cyUta na hone ke kAraNa avinAzI, nitya tathA zAzvata hai| bauddha darzana meM AtmavAda kI dhAraNA anityavAda para sthita hai| AtmA kevala zarIra ghaTaka dhAtuoM kA samuccaya mAtra hai, jisakA pratikSaNa vinAza evaM utpAda hotA hai| isake atirikta AtmA kA koI astitva nahIM hai| padArtha kI utpatti ke pazcAt tatkAla hI niSkAraNa vilaya yA vinAza kSaNikavAda hai| isa sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 255

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vinAza kA kAraNa bhI utpatti ke atirikta anya kucha bhI nahIM hai| jo padArtha utpanna hote hI naSTa na huA, vaha bAda meM kisa kAraNa naSTa hogA, ata: utpatti ke anantara hI padArtha vinaSTa ho jAtA hai|' AtmaSaSThavAdI isa akAraNa vinAza ko nahIM mAnate, aura na hI vaizeSika darzana sammata DaNDe, lAThI ke prahAra se sahetuka (sakAraNa) vinAza ko mAnate hai| unakI prabala mAnyatA hai ki sakAraNa tathA akAraNa donoM hI prakAra se AtmA tathA loka kA nAza nahIM hotaa| _ 'duhao vi' pada kA sambhavita artha yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki pRthvI Adi paMcabhUta apane acetana svabhAva se tathA AtmA apane caitanya svabhAva se kabhI cyuta yA naSTa nahIM hote, apane svabhAva ko nahIM chor3ate, ata: AtmA tathA loka nitya hI hai| ___ AtmA kisI ke dvArA kRta nahIM hone se akRta hai, nirmita nahIM hone se anirmita hai, ityAdi hetuoM se bhI nitya hai| akRta, anirmita aura avandhyanityavAda kI sUcanA denevAle ye tInoM zabda jaina aura bauddha, donoM kI sAhitya paramparAoM meM samAna hai| paMcamahAbhUta aura sAta kAya- ye donoM bhinna pakSa hai| isa bheda kA kAraNa pakUdhakAtyAyana kI do vicAra zAkhAe~ ho sakatI hai aura yaha bhI sambhava hai ki jaina aura bauddha lekhakoM ko do bhinna anuzrutiyA~ upalabdha huI ho| prastuta AtmaSaSThavAda pakUdhakAtyAyana ke dArzanika pakSa kI dUsarI zAkhA hai| isakI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai ki pakadhukAtyAyana ke kucha anuyAyI kevala paMcamahAbhUtavAdI the| ve AtmA kA asvIkAra karate the| aura kucha anuyAyI paMcamahAbhUta ke sAtha chaThA Atma-tattva bhI svIkArate the| vaha svayaM bhI AtmA ko svIkAra karatA thaa| sUtrakAra ne usakI donoM zAkhAoM ko eka hI pravAda meM prastuta kiyA hai| isI AdhAra para ukta sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| pakudhakAtyAyana bhUtoM kI bhA~ti AtmA ko bhI kUTasthanitya mAnatA thaa| AtmaSaSTha-vAda kA vistRta varNana prastuta sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| AtmaSaSThavAdI mAnate hai - ....... sat kA nAza nahIM hotA, asat kA utpAda nahIM hotA, itanA hI (paMcamahAbhUta yA prakRti) jIvakAya hai| itanA hI astikAya hai| itanA hI samUcA loka hai aura yahI loka kA kAraNa hai aura yahI sabhI kAryoM meM kAraNa rUpa se 256 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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vyApta hotA hai| antata: taNa mAtra kArya bhI unhIM se hotA hai| (ukta siddhAnta ko mAnanevAlA) svayaM kraya karatA hai, dUsaroM se karavAtA hai, svayaM pakAtA hai, dUsaroM se pakavAtA hai aura antata: manuSya ko bhI becakara yA mArakara kahatA hai - isameM bhI doSa nahIM hai- aisA jaano| bhagavadgItA meM AtmA kI anazvaratA aura nityatA spaSTata: ullikhita hai- isa AtmA ko zastra kATa nahIM sakate, agni jalA nahIM sakatI, pAnI bhigoM nahIM sakatA, havA sUkhA nahIM sktii| ata: AtmA acchedya, abhedya, adAhya, avikArI, nitya, sarvavyApI, sthira, avicala, aura sanAtana (zAzvata) kahalAtI hai|' asat padArtha kI kabhI utpatti nahIM hotii| sarvatra sat padArtha kI hI utpatti dekhI jAtI hai| isa kathana meM sAMkhya darzana satkAryavAda ke dvArA AtmA tathA loka kI nityatA kI siddhi karatA hai, kyoMki jo padArtha asat hai, usameM kartA, karaNa Adi kArakoM kA vyApAra nahIM hotaa| sat padArtha meM hI aisA sambhava hotA satkAryavAda kI siddhi meM nimna pA~ca kAraNa apekSita hai - (1) asadakaraNAt - jo vastu hai hI nahIM, aisI avidyamAna vastu kathamapi utpanna nahIM kI jA sktii| yadi kAraNa meM kArya kI sattA vastuta: nahIM hotI, to kartA ke kitane bhI prayAsa karane para usameM kArya utpanna ho nahIM sktaa| jaise kharaviSANa, zazazRMga yA AkAzapuSpa kA astitva hI nahIM hai, use kaise banAyA jA sakatA hai ? (2) upAdAnagrahaNAt - jo vastu sat hai, usI vastu kA upAdAna vidyamAna hotA hai| kartA kisI vastu ko banAne ke liye upAdAna ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| mRttikA meM ghaTa avazyameva avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai| kumhAra ghaTa ko banAne kI icchA se usake upAdAna kAraNa mRtpiNDa ko hI grahaNa karatA hai| ina vyAvahArika dRSTAntoM se kArya-kAraNa kA sambandha niyata hai| ata: spaSTa hai ki vidyamAna upAdAna se hI sata kI utpatti hotI hai| yadi aisA na hotA to koI bhI kArya kisI bhI kAraNa se utpanna hotA dikhAI par3atA, taba miTTI se kapar3A bhI bana jAtA parantu pratyakSa jagata meM aisA dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| (3) sarvasambhavAbhAvAt - saba kAraNoM se saba kAryoM kI siddhi kabhI nahIM hotii| yadi aisA sambhava hotA to vRkSa kI lakar3I se putalI hI kyoM banAyI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 257

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jAtI hai ? gehU~, jau, canA, ghaTa, paTa bhI banAye jaate| ata: pratyeka kArya apane niyata upAdAna meM hI rahatA hai| bAlu se tela nikala nahIM sktaa| tela kI prApti ke liye tila kI hI apekSA hogii| (4) zaktasyazakyakaraNAt - manuSya zakta (zakti sampanna) se jo zakya ho, use hI karatA hai| kartA dvArA azakya padArtha banAne para asat kI utpatti kA prazna bhI A par3egA, jo ki sambhava nahIM hai| cUMki asat kI utpatti nahIM hotI, ata: kartA bhI zakti dvArA jo sAdhya zakya ho, vahI karatA hai| (5) kAraNabhAvAcca satkAryam - 'kArya kAraNa ke samAna hotA hai' yaha hetu bhI siddha karatA hai ki kArya utpatti se pUrva kAraNa meM avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai| yogya yA upAdAna kAraNa meM sthita (sat) padArtha kI hI utpatti hotI hai| jaise Ama ke bIja se Ama kI hI utpatti hotI hai, babUla kI nhiiN| yadi kAraNa meM sthita kArya utpanna nahIM hotA hai, to Ama ke bIja se babUla paidA hone kA doSa A pdd'egaa| vastuta: kAraNa aura kArya eka hI vastu kI vibhinna avasthAoM ke bhinna nAma hai| vyakta dazA kArya hai, jo ghaTa rUpa hai| avyakta dazA kAraNa hai, jo mRtpiNDa rUpa hai| uparyukta satkAryavAda paMcayuktiyoM dvArA paMcamahAbhUta tathA AtmA, ina chahoM kI nityatA siddha karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| ye cha: padArtha pahale abhAva rUpa the, phira bhAva rUpa ho gaye ho. aisA nahIM hai| niSkarSa yahI nikalatA hai ki satyakAryavAda meM utpatti tathA vinAza kevala AvirbhAva tirobhAva ke artha meM hai| na to kisI vastu kI utpatti hotI hai, na vinAza / vaha apane svarUpa meM sadaiva vidyamAna rahatI hai| kartA ke vyApAra se vastu kA AvirbhAva mAtra hotA hai| avyakta vastu vyakta rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| AtmaSaSThavAda ke ekAnta nityatva kA khaNDana AtmaSaSThavAdiyoM kA ekAnta nityavAda yathArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki samasta padArthoM ko ekAnta nitya mAnane para AtmA meM kartRtva pariNAma nahIM ho skegaa| kartRtva pariNAma ke abhAva meM karmabaMdha kaise hogA ? karmabaMdha na hone para usake sukha-du:kha rUpa phala kA bhoga kauna karegA ? isa prakAra AtmA ko akartA mAnane para karmabaMdha kA sarvathA abhAva ho jaayegaa| jaina darzana ke anusAra koI bhI padArtha ekAnta nitya yA anitya nahIM ho 258 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sakatA / ekAnta kathana vastu ke ekapakSa ko hI vyakta karatA hai, sampUrNa svarUpa ko nhiiN| satkAryavAda asat kI utpatti ko sarvathA asiddha karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| yadi asat kI utpatti kathaMcit na mAne to pUrvabhava kA tyAga kara uttarabhava kI utpatti rUpa jo AtmA kI caturgati tathA paMcama mokSagati batAI hai, vaha kaise sambhava hogI? AtmA ko apracyuta, anutpanna, sthira, acala evaM nitya mAnane para usakA manuSya, devAdi gatiyoM meM gamanA-gamana asambhava hogA tathA smRti kA abhAva na hone se jAtismaraNa bhI nahIM ho skegaa| ata: AtmA ko ekAnta nitya kahanA sarvathA mithyA hai| isI prakAra sat kI hI utpatti hotI hai, yaha ekAnta kathana bhI doSapUrNa hai| yadi vaha (kArya) pahale se hI sarvathA sat hai, to phira utpatti kaise ? aura utpatti hotI hai, to sarvathA sat kaise ? isaliye kahA gayA hai - karmaguNavyapadezA: prAgutpatterna santi yttsmaat| kAryamasadvijJeyaM, kriyA pravRttezca kartRNAm // nyAya siddhAnta arthAt jaba taka ghaTAdi kArya kI utpatti nahIM hotI, taba taka unake dvArA jaladhAraNa yA jalAnayana kArya sampanna nahIM kiye jA sakate tathA unake guNa bhI nahIM pAye jaate| unheM ghaTAdi rUpa meM tabhI sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai, jaba ve jaladhAraNa ke ghaTatva guNa se yukta ho jaaye| mRtpiNDa se na jala lAyA jA sakatA hai, na jaladhAraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| mRtpiNDa ghaTa kA upAdAna kAraNa hone para bhI jaba taka vaha ghaTatva ke guNoM se paripUrNa nahIM hotA, taba taka miTTI ke piNDa ko koI ghar3A nahIM khtaa| ghaTa nirmANa kI AvazyakatA ghaTa na hone para hI hotI hai, ghaTa bana jAne para nhiiN| ata: ghaTa rUpa kArya ko utpatti se pUrva asat hI samajhanA caahiye| vimarzaNIya hai ki pratyeka kArya utpatti se pUrva asat hI hotA hai| utpatti hote hI vaha kArya sat kahalAtA hai| ata: AtmA Adi padArtha kathaMcit nitya, kathaMcit anitya, kathaMcit sata, kathaMcit asat hai| AtmASaSThavAdI use sadasatkAryavAda na mAnakara ekAnta satkAryavAda kA hI rAga AlApate hai| yaha ekAnta Agraha hI mithyAtva hai| __ anekAntavAda jaina darzana kA prANa hai| anekAntavAda kI majabUta aura sudRr3ha nIMva para hI jaina darzana kA virATa mahala TikA huA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM SaTpadArthavAdiyoM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 259

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ke isa mata ko mithyA batAyA gayA hai| pratyeka padArtha dravya rUpa se sat tathA paryAya rUpa se asat hai| isa prakAra sadasat kI yaha vyAkhyA anekAnta kI hI phalazruti hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 24 : ekeSAM vedavAdinAM sAMkhyAnAM zaivAdhikAriNAJcetada aakhyaatm| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pRSTha - 28 : idANiM aaycchtttthaa'phlvaaditi| 'This is the opinion expressed by charak' The sacred book of the east Vol. XLV Page No. 237 udAna pR. 146 : santi paneke samaNa brAhmaNA evaM vAdino evaM divino-sassatto attA ca loko ca, idameva moghvNti| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra, 1/1/1/15-16 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 24 bauddha darzana : jAtireva hi bhAvAnAM vinAze heturissyte| yo jAtazca na ca dhvasto, nazyeta pazcAt sa kena ca? sUyagaDo, 2/1/27, 28 gItA a.-2/23-24 : nainaM chindanti zAstraNi, nainaM dahati paavkH| na cainaM kledayantyApo, na zoSayati maarntH|| acchedyo'ymdaahyo'ymvikaaryo'ymucyte| nityaM sarvagata: sthANuracalo'yaM snaatnH| 10. gItA a. 2/16 - 24 : nAsato vidyate bhAvo, nA bhAvo jAyate stH| ubhayopi dRsstto'ntstvnyosttvdrshibhiH|| sAMkhyakArikA : asadakaraNAdupAdAnagrahaNAta srvsmbhaavaa'bhaavaat| ___ zaktasya zakyakaraNAt kAraNabhAvAcca stkaarym|| 12. a). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 24 ba). sUtrakRtAMga - amarasukha bodhinI vyAkhyA, pra.zru. pR. 113/114 6. kSaNikavAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM AtmaSaSThavAda ke pazcAt kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| yaha kSaNikavAda do rUpoM meM ullikhita hai| cUrNikAra ne ise zAkyadarzana kA mata kahA hai parantu vRttikAra ne paJcamahAbhUtavAdI, tajjIva-taccharIravAdI tathA sAMkhya Adi mokSavAdiyoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai|' 260 / satrakatAMga satra kA TArzanika adhyayana

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satrahavIM gAthA meM paJcaskandhavAdI katipaya bauddhoM kI kSaNikavAda kI mAnyatA pratipAdita hai to aThArahavIM gAthA meM kucha bauddhoM ke cAturdhAtukavAda kA varNana hai, jo kSaNikavAda kA hI dUsarA rUpa hai| isakA pratipAdana zAstrakAra ne isa prakAra kiyA hai ___ kucha bAla ajJAnI kSaNamAtra sthira rahane vAle pA~ca skandha batAte hai| unake anusAra ina pA~ca skandhoM se bhinna yA abhinna, kAraNa se utpanna (sahetuka) yA akAraNa utpanna (ahetuka) AtmA nahIM hai| dhAtuvAdI bauddha pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ye caturdhAtu jaba zarIra ke rUpa // meM pariNata hokara ekAkAra ho jAte hai, taba inakI jIva saMjJA hotI hai, aisA maante| hai|' 1. kSaNikavAdI paJcaskandhavAda zAstrakAra 'vayaMtege' pada dvArA paJcaskandha ko hI AtmA mAnane vAle bauddhoM kI ora saMketa karate hai arthAt sabhI bauddha mata vAle aisA nahIM maante| cUrNikAra ke anusAra bauddha AtmA ko paJcaskandhoM se bhinna yA abhinna- donoM ko nahIM maante| usa samaya do dRSTiyAM pracalita thiiN| kucha dArzanika AtmA ko zarIra se bhinna mAnate tho to kucha abhinn| bauddha ina donoM dRSTiyoM se sahamata nahIM the| AtmA ke viSaya meM unakA abhimata thA ki vahI jIva hai aura vahI zarIra hai - aisA nahIM kahanA caahie| jIva anya hai aura zarIra anya hai - aisA bhI nahIM kahanA caahie| __ bauddha kA dRSTikoNa yaha hai ki skaMdhoM kA bhedana hone para yadi pudgala AtmA kA bhedana hotA hai to ucchedavAda prApta ho jAtA hai| skaMdhoM kA bhedana hone para yadi pudgala kA bhedana nahIM hotA hai to pudgala zAzvata ho jAtA hai| vaha nirvANa jaisA bana jAtA hai| ukta donoM- ucchedavAda tathA zAzvatavAda se buddha sammata nahIM hai, isalie yaha nahIM kahanA cAhie ki skaMdhoM se pudgala bhinna hai aura yaha bhI nahIM kahanA cAhie ki skaMdhoM se pudgala abhinna hai| ___ bauddha piTakoM meM pA~ca skandha isa prakAra pratipAdita hai - 1. rUpa skandha - pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu ye cAra dhAtu tathA rUpa Adi viSaya rUpaskandha kahalAte hai| bhUta aura upAdAna ke bheda se rUpaskandha do prakAra kA hotA hai| ... sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 261

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2. vedanA skandha - sukha - duHkha aura asukha - duHkha rUpa (jo na sukha rUpa ho, na duHkha rUpa ho) vedana ko vedanA skandha kahate hai / yaha vedanA pUrvakRta karma vipAka se hotI hai / 3. saMjJA skandha - vibhinna saMjJAoM ke kAraNa vastu vizeSa ko pahacAnane ke lakSaNa vAlA skandha saMjJA skandha kahalAtA hai| saMjJA vastu- - vizeSa kA bodhaka zabda hai, jaise azva, gau Adi / - 4. saMskAra skandha puNya, pApAdi dharma samudAya ko saMskAra skandha kahate hai / 5. vijJAna skandha - jo jAnane ke lakSaNa vAlA hai, usa rUpavijJAna, rasavijJAna Adi vijJAna samudAya ko vijJAna skandha kahate hai / paMcaskandhavAdiyoM ke anusAra ina pA~coM skandhoM se bhinna yA abhinna sukhadu:kha, icchA, dveSa, jJAnAdi kA AdhArabhUta AtmA nahIM hai, na skandhoM se bhinna AtmA kA pratyakSa se hI anubhava hotA hai| usa AtmA ke sAtha avinAbhAvI sambandha rakhane vAlA koI nirdoSa liMga bhI gRhIta nahIM hotA, jisase ki vaha anumAna dvArA siddha ho sake / pratyakSa tathA anumAna ke atirikta aura koI tIsarA avisaMvAdI pramANa nahIM hai / ataH paJcaskandhoM se bhinna AtmA nAma kI koI cIja nahIM hai| bauddha sammata ye pA~coM skandha kSaNayogI hai| kSaNamAtra avasthita rahate hai, dUsare hI kSaNa naSTa ho jAte hai| ye skandha na to kuTasthanitya (sadA eka se rahane vAle) hai, na hI kAlAntara sthAyI ( do cAra kSaNa Thaharane vAle), parantu jala pravAha kI taraha pratikSaNa meM pariNAma prApta karate rahate hai / ' skandhoM ke kSaNikatva ko siddha karane ke liye bauddhamatavAdI anumAna pramANa kA bhI prayoga karate hai - skandha kSaNika hai, kyoMki vaha sat hai / jo-jo sat hotA hai, vaha vaha kSaNika hotA hai / jaise meghamAlAe~ kSaNika hai, kyoMki ve sat hai / usI prakAra sabhI sat padArtha kSaNika hai| sat kA lakSaNa - sat kA lakSaNa hai- arthkriyaakaaritv|' vastu kI kriyA hI arthakriyA hai, jaise agni kA jalAnA, pAnI kA pyAsa bujhaanaa| jo vastu kI kriyA karatA hai, vahI vastu hai / spaSTa hai ki vaha kriyA karanA vastu kA lakSaNa hai / kriyAvAn hI vastu arthAt sat hai / ata: sat padArtha meM nityatva yA sthAyitva ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki nitya padArtha akarttA yA akriya hotA hai / ata: 262 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sat padArtha meM kSaNikatva hI siddha hotA hai| padArtha kI kSaNikatA - nitya padArtha meM krama se yA yugapat (ekasAtha) arthakriyA nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki nitya, avinazvara padArtha kA svabhAva badalegA hI nahIM aura binA svabhAva parivartana ke bhinna-bhinna kriyAe~ sambhava nahIM, ata: nitya padArtha dvArA kriyA nahIM ho sakane ke kAraNa vaha koI vastu ho hI nahIM sktaa|' ... yadi nitya padArtha krama se kArya karegA to kAlAntara meM hone vAlI samasta kriyAoM ko pahalI kriyA ke samaya meM kyoM nahIM kara letA ? kyoMki samartha kAlakSepa nahIM krtaa| yadi aisA kahe ki padArtha arthakriyA karane meM samartha to hai, bazarte ki use sahakArI kAraNoM kA sahayoga mile, to yaha samAdhAna bhI upayukta nahIM hai| aisA hone para to vaha asamartha aura parAzrita ho jaayegaa| ata: nitya padArtha kA krama se arthakriyAkAritva asamIcIna hai| yadi nitya padArtha yugapat artha-kriyA karane lage to eka padArtha samasta dezakAloM meM hone vAlI samasta kriyAoM ko eka sAtha hI kara legaa| parantu aisI pratIti kahIM bhI kisI ko nahIM hotii| yadi sabhI padArthoM kI utpatti eka sAtha mAnI jAya to kArya aura kAraNa bhI eka sAtha utpanna hone lageMge, taba daNDaghaTAdi meM paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva nahIM bana sakegA aura yadi sthira padArtha eka sAtha hI samasta artha-kriyAoM ko kara DAlegA, to dUsare-tIsare kSaNa meM kyA karegA ? ata: eka sAtha (yugapat) artha-kriyA karane kA pakSa bhI asatagrAhI isa prakAra bauddhamatavAdI padArtha kI nityatA ke virodha meM tarka prastuta kara use anitya siddha karane kA prayAsa karate hai| padArtha ko anitya mAnane para usakI kSaNikatA anAyAsa hI siddha ho jAtI hai| zAstrakAra ke 'aNNo-aNaNNo' ina padoM ko vRttikAra ne spaSTa kiyA haipA~ca bhUta aura chaThe AtmA ko mAnane vAle AtmaSaSThavAdI pA~ca bhUtoM se anya (pRthak) AtmA kA astitva svIkArate hai, jabaki tajjIva-taccharIravAdI, paMcamahAbhUtavAdI ina bhUtoM se abhinna (ananya) Atmatatva ko mAnate hai, parantu bauddha mata ina donoM se pRthaka hai| buddha ne pA~ca bhUtoM se nirmita zarIra se AtmA ko anya yA ananya kahane se inkAra kiyA hai| yaha unake avyAkRta praznoM se spaSTa hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 263

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isI prakAra bauddhamatavAdI AtmA ko na to sahetuka, na ahetuka AtmA mAnate hai| isa mata ko zAstrakAra ne heuyaM ca aheuyaM ca' isa pada ke dvArA sUcita kiyA hai| kSaNikavAdI cAturdhAtukavAda - isI krama meM zAstrakAra ne kSaNikavAda ke dUsare rUpa cAturdhAtukavAdiyoM ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| vRttikAra ke anusAra yaha mata bhI katipaya bauddhoM kA hai|' cAturdhAtukavAda kA svarUpa majjhimanikAya ke anusAra nimna prakAra se hai - 10 jagat meM pRthvI, jala, teja aura vAyu ye cAra dhAtu hI sarvasva hai| ye cAroM jagat kA dhAraNa-poSaNa karane se dhAtu kahalAte hai| ina cAroM se jagat kI utpatti hotI hai| ye hI ekAkAra hokara jaba zarIra rUpa meM pariNata hote hai, taba inakI jIvasaMjJA hotI hai| arthAt inase bhinna AtmA nahIM hai| inhIM ke samudAya ko AtmA kA nAma diyA jAtA hai| ve kahate hai- 'cAturdhAtukamidaM zarIraM, na tadatyatiriktaM aatmaa|' caturdhAtuo kA sammelana hI zarIra hai| inase bhinna koI AtmA nahIM hai| yaha bhUtasaMjJaka rUpa skandhamaya hone ke kAraNa paMcaskandhoM kI taraha kSaNika hai| ata: cAturdhAtukavAda bhI kSaNikavAda kA hI eka rUpa hai| kisI-kisI prati meM gAthokta 'Avare' ke sthAna para 'jANagA' aisA pATha upalabdha hotA hai, aisA ullekha vRttikAra ne kiyA hai|'' 'jANagA' arthAt 'hama jAnakAra hai' / bauddha matavAdiyoM ke isa kathana se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ve abhimAna kI agni se dagdha hai, jo isa prakAra apane jJAna kA pradarzana karate hue kahate hai ki caturdhAtuoM se utpanna zarIra se bhinna koI Atmatatva nahIM hai| aphalavAdI bauddhoM ke mata kA nirasana vRttikAra ne bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda evaM pUrvokta sAMkhyavedAntI sabhI matAnuyAyiyoM ko aphalavAdI kahA hai| inameM se kinhIM (sAMkhyAdi) ke mata meM AtmA nitya, amUrta, sarvavyApI tathA akartA hai, unake matAnusAra vikArahIna, niSkriya AtmA meM kartRtva yA phala bhoktRtva kaise siddha ho sakatA hai ? kUTastha-nitya, kriyA se rahita AtmA meM kisI prakAra kI kRti nahIM hotii| kRti ke abhAva meM kartRtva nahIM hotA aura kartRtva ke abhAva meM kriyA kA sampAdana karanA kaise sambhava hogA ? aisI sthiti meM sukha-du:kha rUpa kriyA kA bhoga nahIM hogaa| jo sarvathA eka svabhAva vAlA hai, udAsIna aura prapaMca rahita hai, vaha kartA 264 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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yA bhoktA nahIM ho sakatA / kucha matavAdI paMcaskandhoM yA paMcabhUtoM se bhinna AtmA nahIM hai, aisA kahate hai / yadi AtmA kA abhAva hai, to sukha-duHkhAdi kA anubhava kaise hogA aura kauna karegA ? kSaNikavAdiyoM ke matAnusAra kriyA karane ke kSaNa meM hI kartA (AtmA) kA samUla vinAza ho jAtA hai| ata: usakA kriyA se koI sambandha nahIM hotA / jaba phala prApti taka AtmA rahatA hI nahIM, to ihaloka - paraloka sambandhita phala kA bhoktA kauna hogA ? cU~ki inake mata meM padArtha mAtra kSaNika hai, AtmA bhI kSaNika hai aura dAnAdi kriyAe~ bhI kSaNika hai, ataH samasta vastuoM ke kSaNika hone se kisI kSaNa kI kriyA phala diye binA hI atIta ke garbha meM vilIna ho jAtI hai| yadi yaha kahe ki sukha-duHkhAtmaka kriyAphala kA bhoga vijJAnaskandha karatA hai, to yaha bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai / kyoMki vijJAnaskandha bhI to kSaNika hai aura jJAnakSaNa ati sUkSma hone ke kAraNa usameM sukha-duHkha kA anubhava nahIM ho sakatA / isI prakAra kriyAvAn ko kSaNa - vinazvara mAnane se kriyAvAn aura phalavAn meM samaya kA kAphI antara ho jAyegA / isa kAraNa jo padArtha kriyA karatA hai| aura jo usake phala ko bhogatA hai, ina donoM meM bheda ho jaayegaa| karttA aura bhoktA kA paraspara anyanta bheda kRtapraNAza aura akRtAbhyAgama doSoM ko utpanna karegA / yadi kahe ki jJAna - santAna (jJAna kI paramparA) eka hai, isaliye jo jJAnasantAna kriyA karatA hai, vahI usakA phala bhogatA hai / ata: pUrvokta doSa nahIM Ate to yaha kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai kyoMki vaha jJAna - santAna bhI pratyeka jJAnoM se bhinna nahIM hai| ata: usa jJAna - santAna se bhI kucha phala nahIM hai / - - yadi aisA kahe ki pUrva kSaNa uttara-kSaNa meM apanI vAsanA ko sthApita karake naSTa hotA hai, jaisAki kahA hai - jisa jJAna - santAna meM kAmavAsanA sthita rahatI hai, usI meM phala utpanna hotA hai| 12 jisa kapAsa meM lAlI hotI hai, usI meM phala utpanna hotA hai, to yahA~ bhI vikalpa paidA ho jAyegA ki vaha vAsanA usa kSaNika padArtha se bhinna hai yA abhinna hai ? yadi bhinna hai, to vaha vAsanA usa kSaNika padArtha ko vAsita nahIM kara sktii| yadi abhinna hai, to usa kSaNika padArtha ke samAna vaha bhI kSaNa-kSayiNI hai / ataH AtmA ke na hone para sukha-duHkha kA bhoga nahIM ho sakatA / parantu sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 265

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sukha-du:kha kA anubhava avazyameva hotA hai ata: AtmA nizcaya hI hai, aisA siddha hotA hai| yadi yaha kahe ki kSaNamAtra sthita rahane vAle pUrva-padArtha se uttara-padArtha kI utpatti hotI hai. isaliye kSaNika padArthoM meM paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva ho sakatA hai, to yaha kathana bhI asaMgata hai| kyoMki yahA~ prazna hogA ki pahalA padArtha svayaM naSTa hokara uttara padArtha ko utpanna karatA hai athavA naSTa na hokara utpanna karatA hai ? yadi naSTa hokara utpanna karatA hai to yaha kaise sambhava hogA ? jo svayaM naSTa ho gayA ho, vaha dUsare ko utpanna karane meM asamartha hai| yadi naSTa na hokara utpanna karatA hai, to yahA~ uttara-padArtha ke kAla meM pUrva padArtha kI vidyamAnatA kI Apatti hogii| aisA kathana kSaNabhaMgavAda kI mAnyatA ke virUddha hogaa| isakA samAdhAna agara yo kare ki jaise tarAju kA eka palar3A, svayaM nIcA hotA huA dUsare palar3e ko Upara uThAtA hai, usI taraha pahalA padArtha svayaM naSTa hotA huA uttara padArtha ko utpanna karatA hai, to yaha kathana bhI samIcIna nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA mAnane para do padArthoM kI eka kAla meM sthiti ho jAyegI jo ki kSaNikavAda siddhAnta ke pratikUla hai| aisI dazA meM utpatti aura vinAza eka sAtha mAnane para unake dharmI-rUpa pUrva aura uttara padArtha kI bhI eka kAla meM sthiti siddha hogii| agara utpatti aura vinAza ko padArthoM kA dharma na mAne to utpatti aura vinAza koI vastu hI siddha na hoNge| 'padArthoM kI utpatti hI unake nAza kA kAraNa hai' yaha kathana bhI doSaduSTa hai| yadi padArthoM kI utpatti hI unake nAza kA kAraNa hai to kisI bhI padArtha ko utpanna hI nahIM honA cAhiye kyoMki unake nAza kA kAraNa unake nikaTa hI vidyamAna hai| kSaNikavAdI padArtha ko kSaNika mAnakara usa padArtha kA sarvathA abhAva mAnate hai, vaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai| kSaNika sattA mAnane para AtmA bhI abhAvarUpa ho jAyegI to ihaloka-paraloka saMbaMdhI sArI vyavasthAe~ hI caupaTa ho jaayegii| padArthoM kI vyavasthA ke liye cAra prakAra ke abhAva mAne gaye hai - prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, atyantAbhAva, anyonyaabhaav| 1.prAgabhAva - vastu kI utpatti se pUrva rahane vAlA abhaav| 2.pradhvaMsAbhAva - vastu ke naSTa ho jAne para hone vAlA abhaav| 3.atyantAbhAva - vastu kA atyintaka abhAva / 266 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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4. anyonyAbhAva - vastu kA pArasparika abhAva / jainadarzana ke anusAra yahA~ pradhvaMsAbhAva mAnanA caahie| pradhvaMsAbhAva meM kArakoM kA vyApAra hotA hI hai| kyoMki vaha vastutaH padArtha kA paryAya yAnI avasthA - vizeSa hai, abhAvamAtra nahIM hai| vaha avasthA - vizeSa bhAva-rUpa hai, kyoMki vaha pUrva avasthA ko naSTa karake utpanna hotI hai, ataH jo kapAla Adi kI utpatti hai, vahI ghaTa Adi kA vinAza hai, jo kAraNavaza kabhI-kabhI hotA hai / isa kAraNa vaha sahetuka bhI hai| isa prakAra kSaNabhaMgavAda vicArasaMgata na hone se vastu pariNAmI nitya hai, yaha pakSa mAnanA hI ThIka hai / - jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA pariNAmI, jJAna kA AdhAra, dUsare bhAvoM meM jAnevAlA aura bhUtoM se kathaMcit bhinna tathA zarIra ke sAtha milakara rahane se vaha zarIra se kathaMcit abhinna bhI hai / vaha AtmA naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devAdi gati meM kAraNa rUpa karmoM ke dvArA bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM badalatA rahatA hai, isalie vaha sahetuka bhI hai| AtmA ke nija svarUpa kA kabhI nAza nahIM hotA isalie vaha nitya tathA nirhetuka bhI hai| 14 isa prakAra zarIra se bhinna AtmA siddha hone para bhI use caturdhAtuoM se nirmita athavA paMcaskaMdhoM kA saMghAta mAnate hue kSaNika mAnanA mithyA - Agraha hI hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. ..... - sandarbha evaM TippaNI - 29 a). sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra sUyagaDo - 1/1/1/17-18 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 29 dIghanikAya 10/3/20 paJcakkhandho - rUpakkhandho, vedanAkkhandho, saJJAkkhaMdho, saMDkhArakkhaMdho, viJJANakkhaMdho tti / tattha yaM kiMci sItAdi hi rUpanna lakkhaNa dhammajAtaM satvaM taM ekato katvA rUpakkhaMdho ti veditavyaM / ....... yaM kiMci vedayati lakkhaNaM vedanAkkhaMdho veditavyo yakiMci saMjAnana lakkhaNaM...... saJJakhaMdho veditavyo / - 1 25 . sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 25 (a) pramANavArtika- arthakriyAsamarthaM yat tadatra paramArthasat / (ba) nyAyabindu - arthakriyAsAmarthya-lakSaNatvAdavastuta: / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 267

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7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. tattvasaMgraha - krameNa yugapaccApi yasmAdartha kriyA kRtA na bhavanti sthirAbhAvA niHsatvA stato mataH // majjhimanikAya, cUlamAluMkya sutta 63 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 26 visuddhimagga khaMdhaniddeza pU. - 309 : . AyodhAtu, tejodhAtu vAyodhAtutti / sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 26 (a) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - - - (ca) amarasukha bodhinI vyAkhyA pR. - sUtrakRtAMga vRttapatra 27 vahI - tatthabhUtarUpaM cauvvidhaM pRthavIdhAtu, 26 : yasminneva hi santAne AhitA karmavAsanA / phalaM tatraiva saMdhatte:, karpAse raktatA yathA // 119-124 7. niyativAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha meM niyativAda kA nirUpaNa huA hai| isase pUrva paMcamahAbhUtavAda, tajjIva- taccharIravAda, paMcaskandhavAda, AtmAdvaitavAda, akArakavAda, AtmaSaSThavAda tathA kSaNikavAda Adi kA vistRta varNana - vizleSaNa huA / ina vAdoM se bhinna evaM viparIta tathA yuktisaMgata, yathArtha vastusvarUpa niyativAda meM batAyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke mUlapATha meM isa mata ke puraskartA gozAlaka kA kahIM bhI nAma nahIM hai / vRttikAra ne isa mata ko niyativAdI kahA hai / ' upAsakadazA nAmaka saptama aMga Agama meM gozAlaka tathA usake mata niyativAda kA spaSTa ullekha hai / " usameM batAyA gayA hai ki gozAlaka ke matAnusAra bala, vIrya, utthAna, karma Adi kucha bhI nahIM hai / saba bhAva sarvadA ke liye niyata hai| anya Agama grantha vyAkhyAprajJapti, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga va aupapAtika meM bhI AjIvakamata pravartaka niyativAdI gozAlaka kA ( nAmapUrvaka athavA nAmarahita) varNana upalabdha hai| bauddhagrantha dIghanikAya, majjhimanikAya, saMyuttanikAya, aMguttaranikAya Adi bhI gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA ullekha hai / gozAlaka kA AjIvaka sampradAya rAjamAnya bhI huA / bauddha grantha mahAvaMza kI TIkA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki 268 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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azoka kA pitA bindusAra bhI AjIvaka sampradAya kA Adara karatA thaa| chaThI zatAbdI meM hue varAhamihira ke grantha meM bhI AjIvaka bhikSuoM kA ullekha milatA hai| bAda meM dhIre-dhIre isa sampradAya kA hrAsa hote-hote anta meM kisI bhAratIya sampradAya meM vilayana ho gyaa| phira to yahA~ taka haA ki AjIvaka sampradAya, trairAzikamata aura digambara paramparA ina tInoM ke bIca koI bheda hI nahIM rhaa| zIlAMkadeva va abhayadeva jaise vidvAna vRttikAra taka inakI bhinnatA na batA ske| kozakAra halAyudha (10vIM zatAbdI) ne ina tInoM ko paryAyavAcI mAnA hai| 13vIM zatAbdI ke kucha zilAlekhoM meM ye tInoM abhinna rUpa se ulleikhita hai|' sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM niyativAda isa prakAra varNita huA hai 'kucha (niyativAdI) dArzanika yaha pratipAdita karate hai ki saMsAra meM sabhI jIva pRthak-pRthak hai, yaha yukti se siddha hotA hai tathA ve jIva pRthak-pRthaka du:kha bhogate hai aura pRthak-pRthak hI apane sthAna se dUsare sthAna para cyuta hote hai, marate hai| ___ yaha duHkha svayaMkRta nahIM hotA, anyakRta bhI nahIM hotaa| saiddhika (nirvANa) sukha ho athavA asaiddhika (sAMsArika) sukha, vaha saba niyatikRta hotA hai| sabhI jIva na svakRta sukha-du:kha kA vedana karate hai, na anyakRta sukhadu:kha kA vedana karate hai| vaha sukha-du:kha sAMgatika-niyatijanita hai, aisA kinhIM (niyativAdiyoM) kA mata hai| isa prakAra niyativAda kA pratipAdana karane vAle svayaM ajJAnI hote hue bhI apane Apako paNDita mAnate hai| kucha sukha-du:kha niyata hotA hai aura kucha aniyata, parantu isa satya ko ve buddhihIna nahIM jaante| isa prakAra niyativAdarUpa pAza se jakar3e hue bAra-bAra niyati ko hI (sukhaduHkhAdi kA) kartA kahane kI dhRSTatA karate hai| ve sAdhanA mArga meM pravRtta hone para bhI apane du:khoM kA vimocana nahIM kara skte|'' zAstrakAra ne prathama gAthA meM 'uvavaNNA puDho jiyA' pada ke dvArA AtmA ke sambandha meM niyativAda kA jo dRSTikoNa prastuta kiyA hai, vaha jaina darzana sammata tathA yathArtha hai| niyativAdiyoM ke anusAra saMsAra meM sabhI jIva apanA bhinnabhinna astitva rakhate hai| yaha bAta pratyakSa, anumAna tathA yukti se bhI siddha hai kyoMki jaba taka AtmA pRthak-pRthaka nahIM mAnI jAyegI, taba taka jIva svayaMkRta karma phaloM kA sukha-du:kha nahIM bhoga sakegA aura na hI sukha-du:kha kA vedana karane sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 269

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ke liye eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna arthAt usa zarIra, gati, paryAya yA yoni ko chor3akara dUsare zarIra, dUsarI yoni yA gati ko prApta kara skegaa| AtmA kA astitva pRthak-pRthak svIkArane para hI ye saba bAteM ghaTita hotI hai, kyoMki koI sukhI, koI du:khI, koI dhanI to koI nirdhana, ye vibhinnatAe~ pratyakSa dRSTigata hotI hai| pratyeka prANI ke anubhava se siddha sukha-duHkha rUpa phalabhoga ko hama jhuThalA nahIM skte| Ayu kA kSaya hone para prANI isa zarIra aura bhava ko chor3akara anya zarIra aura bhava meM cale jAte hai tathA kaI vyaktiyoM ko apane pUrva janma kA smaraNa bhI ho jAtA hai / isa anubhava ko bhI hama mithyA nahIM kaha skte| isa prakAra AtmA kA pRthak astitva siddha ho jAne para paMcabhUtAtmavAda, ekAtmavAda, tajjIva-taccharIravAda, paJcaskandhavAda yA cAturdhAtukavAda Adi vAdoM kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / " jaina darzana ke anusAra bhI AtmA aneka, pRthak-pRthak, svakRta sukhaduHkha kA bhoktA tathA nAnA gatiyoM meM gamAnagamana karane vAlA hai| phira zAstrakAra ne niyativAda ke khaNDana kA upakrama kyoM kiyA ? isakA samAdhAna sUtrakRtAMga isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai ki uparokta kathana meM niyativAdI mAnyatA aMzata: satyasparzI hai| parantu jaba ve Age yaha kahate hai ki prANiyoM dvArA bhogA jAne vAlA sukha-duHkha na svakRta hai, na parakRta apitu vaha ekAnta niyatikRta hai, yaha kathana unake ekAnta mithyAgraha ko sUcita karatA hai| yahA~ gAthA meM kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake duHkha zabda se duHkha kA kAraNa hI kahA gayA hai| duHkha zabda upalakSaNa hai, isaliye isase sukha Adi anya bAtoM ko bhI grahaNa kara lenA cAhiye / tAtpaMyArtha yaha hai ki jIvoM ko jo sukhaduHkha kA anubhava hotA hai, vaha unake udyoga rUpa kAraNa se utpanna kiyA huA nahIM hai| yadi apane-apane udyoga ke prabhAva se sukha - duHkhAdi kI prApti hotI hai, taba to sevaka, kisAna aura vaNik Adi kA udyoga eka sarIkhA hone para bhI unake phala meM visadRzatA kyoM dekhI jAtI hai ? jabaki jagata meM aisA virodha dekhA jAtA hai ki kisI sevaka ko viziSTa phala kI prApti nahIM hotI, to kisI vaNik ko uttama phala kI prApti hotI bhI hai, to kisI kisAna ko puruSArtha ke anurUpa phala nahIM miltaa| isase siddha hotA hai ki vyakti ko sukha - duHkha kA phala puruSArtha se nahIM milatA / 270 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kAla kAlavAdI sukha-du:khAdi kA kAraNa kAla ko mAnate huye kahate hai- kAla hI sabakA kartA hai| usI ke kAraNa sAre vizva kI utpatti-sthiti aura pralaya hotA hai| kAla hI samasta bhUtoM ko paripakva banAtA hai, prajA kA saMhAra karatA hai, sote huye jagat ke jIvoM meM svayaM jAgatA rahatA hai| kAla kA sAmarthya anullaMghanIya hai|' kAla hI samasta kAryoM kA janaka aura jagata kA AdhAra hai| kAla ke binA campA, azoka, Ama Adi vanaspatiyoM meM phala-phUla laganA, kohare se jagat ko dhUmila karanevAlA himapAta, nakSatroM kA saMcAra, garbhAdhAna, varSAdi RtuoM kA samaya para Agamana, bAla-yauvana-vRddhatva Adi avasthAe~, ye saba kAla ke prati niyata hai| kAla Ane para hI devatAoM kA cyavana hotA hai, kAla Ane para hI sura-asura Adi tathA rAjA Adi jIva naSTa hote haiN| jo kucha bhI karma vartamAna meM hama dekha rahe hai, una sabakA pravartaka kAla hI hai| kAla ko trikAla-trilokavyApI tathA pratyeka kArya kA kartA, sukha-du:khAdi kA kAraNa mAnane vAle kAlavAdiyoM kA khaNDana karate huye niyativAdI kahate hai ki yadi kAla hI sarvavyApaka tathA samasta kAryoM kA kAraNa hai to eka hI kAla meM do puruSoM dvArA kiye jAne vAle eka samAna kArya meM saphalatA-asaphalatA rUpa vibhinnatA kyoM dikhAyI detI hai ? jahA~ eka hI kAraNa ho vahA~ kAryoM meM bheda asambhava hai| cUMki yaha bAta pratyakSa pramANa hai, ata: kAla ko samasta kAryoM kA kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|" svabhAva svabhAvavAdiyoM ke anusAra sArA jagata svabhAva se hI niSpanna hai| sabhI padArtha svata: pariNamanazIla svabhAva ke kAraNa hI utpanna hote hai| arthAt vastuoM kA svabhAva svata: pariNAti karane kA hai| miTTI se ghar3A hI utpanna hotA hai, kapar3A nhiiN| sUta se kapar3A hI banatA hai, ghar3A nhiiN| yaha pratiniyata kArya-kAraNa bhAva svabhAva ke binA asambhava hai| saMsAra meM sArI pravRttiyoM kA kAraNa svabhAva haikA~ToM meM nukIlApana, hariNa aura pakSiyoM ke vicitra svabhAva, unake vividharaMgI paMkha, unakI madhura kUjana, mRgoM kI sundara A~kheM, unakI kulAMce bharakara kUdane kI pravRtti, yaha saba svabhAva ke kAraNa hI hai| 2 svabhAvavAdiyoM kI ina yuktiyoM kA khaNDana karate huye niyativAdI kahate sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 271

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hai ki svabhAva sukha-duHkha kA karttA nahIM ho sktaa| ve prati prazna karate hai ki svabhAva puruSa se bhinna hai yA abhinna ? yadi puruSa se bhinna hai to vaha svabhAva puruSa ke sukha-duHkhoM ko utpanna nahIM kara sakatA, puruSa se bhinna hone se / yadi abhinna hai, to vaha puruSa hI hai aura puruSa sukha - duHkha kA kartA nahIM hai, yaha niyativAdiyoM ne pahale hI spaSTa kara kiyA hai| niyativAdI yuktipUrvaka niyativAda ke pakSa meM tarka dete hue kahate hai ki eka hI mAtA ke udara se janmeM do prANiyoM kA pRthak-pRthak svabhAva niyata karane kA kAma niyati ke binA nahIM ho sktaa|" Izvara IzvaravAdiyoM ke anusAra Izvara hI jagat tathA sukha - duHkha kA kartA hai| isakA khaMDana karate hue niyativAdI kahate hai ki Izvara ko bhI sukha - duHkhAdi kA karttA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi use karttA mAnA jAye to yaha prazna uThegA ki vaha mUrta hai yA amUrta ? Izvara ko mUrta mAnanA asaMgata hai kyoMki mUrta mAnane para vaha hama logoM ke samAna hI dehAdimAn hone se sabakA karttA nahIM ho skegaa| mAne para AkAza kI taraha sadA-sarvadA niSkriya ho jaayegaa| jo niSkriya hotA hai, vaha kisI kArya kA kartA nahIM hotA / phira yaha zaMkA bhI hogI ki puruSa rAgAdimAn hai yA vItarAga ? yadi rAgayukta Izvara kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai, to vaha hama logoM ke samAna hone se jagatakarttA nahIM ho sakatA / yadi vaha vItarAga hai, to usake dvArA koI svarUpavAn, koI kurupavAn, nirdhana, dhanavAn Adi vicitra jagat kI racanA na hotI / isa prakAra Izvara ko kartA mAnane para usameM nirdayatA, pakSapAta, anyAya Adi aneka doSApattiyA~ A jAyegI / ataH samasta jIvAtmA niyati ke hI adhIna hai / karma karmavAdiyoM ke anusAra karma hI sukha - duHkha kA karttA hai / kisAna, vaNik vyakti ke udyama meM sadRzatA hone para bhI unake phala meM jo visadRzatA dikhAyI detI hai, vaha pUrvakRta zubhAzubha karma kA hI prabhAva sUcita karatI hai| isakA prativAda karate hue niyativAdI kahate hai ki karma bhI sukha - duHkha kA kartA nahIM ho sktaa| kyoMki yahA~ bhI prazna hogA ki vaha karma puruSa se bhinna hai yA abhinna ? yadi abhinna hai to vaha puruSa mAtra hI hai| taba vaha sukha, duHkha kA kartA nahIM ho sakatA / yadi bhinna hai, to vaha sacetana hai yA acetana ? yadi sacetana hai, to eka zarIra 272 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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meM do cetana mAnane kA doSa aayegaa| yadi karma acetana hai, to pASANa khaNDa ke samAna parataMtra hone se sukha-du:kha kartA kaise ho sakegA ? - isa vyAkhyA se yaha siddha hotA hai ki kAla, svabhAva, Izvara aura karma - ye saba sukha-du:kha ke kartA nahIM ho skte| ekamAtra niyati hI jagata ke samasta padArthoM kA kAraNa ho sakatI hai| niyativAda kA svarUpa zAstrakAra ne gAthAtrayI meM niyativAda ke svarUpa ko spaSTa kiyA hai, vistRta vizleSaNa vRttikAra ne prastuta kiyA hai| sUtrakAra niyativAda yA niyati zabda kA ullekha na kara 'saMgaiaMtaM' ise sAMgatika kahate hai| vRttikAra' ne isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra prastuta kI hai - samyak arthAt apane pariNAma se jo gati hai, use saMgati kahate hai| jisa jIva ko, jisa samaya, jahA~ jisa sukha-du:kha ko anubhava karanA hotA hai, vaha saMgati kahalAtI hai| vahI niyati hai| isa niyati se sukha-du:kha utpanna hotA hai, use sAMgatika kahate hai| jaise ki zAstravArtA samuccaya meM kahA gayA hai- cUMki saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha apane-apane niyata svarUpa se utpanna hote hai| ata: yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ye saba niyati se utpanna hae hai| yaha samasta carAcara jagat niyati tatva se guMthA huA hai| usase tAdAtmya hokara ve niyatimaya ho rahe hai| jise, jisase, jisa samaya, jisa rUpa meM honA hai, vaha usase, usI samaya, usI rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai| isa taraha abAdhita pramANa se siddha isa niyati ke svarUpa ko kauna roka sakatA hai ? yaha sarvatra nirvAdha hai|'' niyativAdI kahate hai ki niyati eka svatantra tattva hai, jisase sabhI padArtha niyata rUpa se utpanna hote hai, aniyata rUpa se nhiiN| yadi niyati tattva na ho to saMsAra se kArya-kAraNa bhAva kI tathA padArthoM ke apane nizcita svarUpa kI vyavasthA hI uTha jaayegii| yadi isa pratIti siddha vastu kA lopa hotA hai, to saMsAra se pramANa mArga hI uTha jAyegA jaisA ki ve kahate hai - niyati ke bala se zubhAzubha jo kucha bhI milane vAlA hotA hai, vaha manuSya ko avazya prApta hotA hai| kintu jo honahAra nahIM hai, vaha mahAn prayatna karane para bhI nahIM hotA aura jo honahAra hai, vaha Tala bhI nahIM sktaa|' sUtrakRtAMga cUrNikAra ne niyativAdiyoM ke eka tarka kA ullekha kiyA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 273 ww

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niyativAdI mAnate hai ki akRta kA phala nahIM hotaa| manuSya jo phalabhoga karatA hai, usake pIche kartRtva avazya hai, kintu vaha kartRtva manuSya kA nahIM hai| yadi manuSya kA kartRtva ho, vaha kriyA karane meM svatantra ho to vaha saba kucha manacAhA kregaa| use jo iSTa nahIM hai, vaha phira kyoM karegA? kintu aisA nahIM dekhA jaataa| manuSya bahuta sAre anipsita kArya bhI karatA hai| isase siddha hotA hai ki saba kucha niyati karatI hai| bauddha grantha majjhimanikAya ke sAmaJaphalasutta meM AjIvakamata-pravartaka maMkhalI gozAlaka ke niyativAda kA ullekha isa prakAra haA hai- satvoM ke kleza (du:kha) kA hetu nahIM hai, koI pratyaya nahIM hai| binA hetu aura pratyaya ke hI satva (prANI) kleza pAte hai| binA hetu aura pratyaya ke hI satva zuddha hote hai| na ve svayaM kucha kara sakate hai, na parAye kucha kara sakate hai| puruSArtha (puruSakAra) nahIM hai, bala nahIM hai, vIrya nahIM hai, puruSa kA sAhasa nahIM hai aura na puruSa kA koI parAkrama hai| samasta satva, samasta prANI, sabhI bhUta aura sabhI jIva avaza (lAcAra) hai, nirbala hai, nirvIrya hai, niyati ke saMyoga se chaha jAtiyoM meM (utpanna hokara) sukha-duHkha bhogate hai| jinheM mUrkha aura paNDita jAnakara aura anugamana kara du:khoM kA anta kara sakate hai| vahA~ yaha nahIM hai ki isa zIla, vrata, tapa yA brahmacarya se maiM aparipakva karma ko paripakva kara luuNgaa| paripakva karma ko bhogakara anta kruuNgaa| sukha aura duHkha to droNa (mApa) se (napetule) niyata hai| saMsAra meM nyUnAdhika utkarSa yA apakarSa nahIM hai| jaise sUta kI golI pheMkane para khulatI huI gira par3atI hai, vaise hI mUrkha aura paNDita daur3akara, AvAgamana meM par3akara du:kha kA anta kreNge|" niyativAda kA khaNDana niyativAda ke ekAnta tathA yuktihIna siddhAnta kA khaNDana karate huye zAstrakAra kahate hai ki niyativAdI haThAgrahI aura paNDitamAnI hai| 'bAlA' zabda isaliye prayukta kiyA gayA hai ki ve ajJa evaM nAsamajha bAlakoM jaisI bacakAnI bAteM karate hai| niyati kI nizcitatA na kevala karttavyabhraSTa karatI hai apitu puruSa ke ananta bala, vIrya, parAkrama, utthAna aura pauruSa ko bhI samApta kara detI hai| jaba jagat ke pratyeka padArtha kI vyavasthAe~ nizcita hai aura saba apanI niyati kI paTTI para daur3ate jA rahe hai, taba zAstropadeza, zikSA, dikSA aura unnati, upadeza tathA preraNAe~, saba kucha vyartha hai| isa niyativAda meM kyA sadAcAra aura kyA durAcAra 274 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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? jisane jisakI hatyA kI, usakA usake hAtha se vaisA honA hI thaa| jise hatyA ke aparAdha meM pakar3A jAtA hai, vaha bhI jaba niyati ke paravaza thA, taba usakA svAtaMtrya kahA~ hai, jisase use hatyA kA kartA kahA jaae| isa prakAra : ke niyativAda se to jagat meM sArI vyavasthAe~ hI caupaTa ho jAyegI aura corI, hatyA Adi aparAdha kI vRttiyoM ke lie vyakti jimmedAra na hokara niyati hI jimmedAra hogii| ___ ataH spaSTa hai ki jagat meM sAre sukha-du:kha niyatakRta nahIM hote| kucha sukha-du:kha avazya niyatikRta hote hai va una-una sukha duHkhAdi karmoM kA abAdhAkAla samApta hone para avazya udaya hotA hai, jaise nikAcita karma kaa| parantu kaI sukha-du:kha aniyata (niyatikRta nahIM) bhI hote hai| ve puruSa ke puruSArtha, kAla, svabhAva, Izvara aura karma Adi ke dvArA kiye hue hote hai| ata: sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa mAtra niyati nahIM apitu kAla, svabhAvAdi sabhI milakara hI kAraNa hote hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra paMcasamavAya se kArya kI niSpatti AcArya siddhasena ne sanmati tarka meM kahA hai- 'kAlo sahAva niyaI'- kAla, svabhAva, niyati, adRSTa (karma) aura puruSArtha ye paMcasamavAya hai| inake sambandha meM ekAnta kathana mithyAtva hai aura paraspara sApekSa kathana hI samyakatva hai|22 jaina darzana meM sukha-du:kha Adi ko kathaMcita udyoga sAdhya bhI mAnA gayA hai| kyoMki jisa kriyA se phala kI niSpatti hotI hai, vaha kriyA udyogAdhIna hai| jaisA ki kahA hai - jo bhAgya meM likhA hai, vahI hogaa| aisA socakara vyakti ko apanA puruSArtha nahIM tyAganA caahie| binA puruSArtha ke tiloM se tela kauna * prApta kara sakatA hai? niyativAdiyoM ne kAla, svabhAva, puruSArtha, Izvara aura karma ko yuktirahita siddha karane ke lie jina praznoM ko upasthita kiyA hai, una samasta praznoM kA jaina darzana tarkasaMgata samAdhAna prastuta karatA hai| puruSArtha kI samAnatA hone para bhI phala kI vicitratA ko niyativAdI doSapUrNa mAnate hai, parantu vAstava meM yaha doSapUrNa nahIM hai| kyoMki puruSArtha kA vaicitrya bhI phala kI vicitratA kA kAraNa hotA hai| eka samAna udyama hone para bhI kisI ko phala nahIM milatA, vaha usake adRSTa (karma) kA phala hai| jaina darzana meM adRSTa (karma) ko bhI sukha-duHkha kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai| isI prakAra kAla bhI sukha-du:kha kA kartA hai, kyoMki sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 275

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inik a A... M campaka, azoka, nAga aura Ama Adi vRkSoM meM phala-phUla kI utpatti viziSTa kAla Ane para hI hotI hai, sarvadA nhiiN| yahA~ niyativAdiyoM ne Apatti uThAI hai ki kAla eka rUpa hone se usase vicitra jagata kI yA sukha-duHkhAdi phala kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| parantu yaha Apatti ucita nahIM hai kyoMki Arhata darzana meM phala kI utpatti meM akele kAla ko hI kAraNa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| svabhAva bhI kathaMcit kartA hai kyoMki AtmA kA upayoga rUpa tathA asaMkhya pradezI honA tathA pudgaloM kA mUrta honA, dharma tathA adharma kA kramaza: gati-sthiti meM sahayogI va amUrta honA, yaha saba svabhAvakRta hI hai| vaha svabhAva AtmA se bhinna hai yA abhinna ? niyativAdiyoM ke isa prazna kA samAdhAna vRttikAra ne isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai - svabhAva AtmA se bhinna nahIM hai tathA AtmA kartA bhI hai| AtmA kA yaha kartRtva svabhAvakRta hai| isI prakAra Izvara (karmabaddha Izvara-saMsArI AtmA) bhI jagat evaM sukha-duHkha kA kartA hai kyoMki AtmA hI vibhinna yoniyoM meM utpanna hotA huA, sarvavyApaka hone ke kAraNa Izvara hai| vahI Izvara sukha-duHkhAdi kA kartA hai' yaha sarvamatavAdiyoM ko abhISTa hai| phira sukha-du:kha kA kartA Izvara hai, isa mAnyatA ko dUSita karane ke liye niyativAdI, AtmA mUrta hai yA amUrta ? aisA prazna karate hai| yaha dUSaNa bhI AtmA (karmabaddha AtmA) ko Izvara mAnane para samApta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra karma bhI kartA hai kyoMki vaha jIva pradeza ke sAtha paraspara mila kara rahatA huA kathaMcit jIva se abhinna hai aura usI karma ke vaza jIva naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devagati meM bhramaNa karatA huA sukha-duHkha bhogatA hai| karma kI vicitratA hI phala kI vicitratA kA kAraNa hai| vimarzaNIya hai ki Arhata darzana meM ye pA~coM samavAya jaba eka sAtha milate hai. taba kahIM jAkara kisI kArya kI niSpatti hotI hai| mAtra niyativAda kA kathana ekAnta mithyAAgraha hai| niyativAdI eka tarapha niyati ko hI sarvasva mAnate hai, parantu dUsarI tarapha paraloka sudhArane ke liye apane mata dvArA mAnya vividha kriyAe~ karate hue apane hI mata kA khaNDana karate hai| sUtrakAra ne inheM pArzvastha kahate hue isakA kAraNa batAyA hai ki ye kAraNa catuSTaya ko chor3akara mAtra niyati ko hI mAnane ke kAraNa eka pArzva meM- eka kinAre para sthita ho gaye hai| isa ekAntavAdI mAnyatA ke mithyA jAla meM pha~sakara ye AtmAvaMcanA karate hue asat prarUpaNA ke kAraNa azubha karmabaMdhanoM se jakar3a 276 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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jAte hai aura apane Apa ko du:khoM se mukta nahIM kara paate| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama pauNDarIka adhyayana meM bhI niyativAda kA varNana huA hai| puNDarIka kamala prApta karane ke abhilASI cAra puruSoM meM cauthA puruSa niyativAdI hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM niyativAda kA varNana nAmollekhapUrvaka nahI hai, jabaki dvitIya zrutaskandha meM 'NiyaivAie' niyativAda kA nAmollekhapUrvaka vizleSaNa hai| - yahA~ niyativAdI isa prakAra kathana kahate hai ki isa loka meM do prakAra ke puruSa hote hai- kriyAvAdI tathA akriyaavaadii| ye donoM hI niyati ke adhIna hai| niyati kI preraNA se hI kriyAvAdI kriyA kA samarthana karatA hai to akriyAvAdI akriyA kaa| isaliye ina donoM meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kyoMki ina donoM kA kAraNa eka hai aura vaha hai niyti| niyativAdI aisA mAnate hai ki mujhe jo sukha-duHkha, saMtApa Adi mila rahA hai vaha saba niyati kA hI prabhAva hai| cUMki merA sukha-du:kha mere dvArA kRta nahIM hai evaM dUsare kA sukha-duHkha bhI usake dvArA kRta nahIM hai ata: saba kucha niyatikRta hai| parantu ajJa jIva (puruSArthavAdI Adi) use svakRta mAnakara du:khI hotA hai| niyativAdiyoM kI dRSTi meM niyativAda kA svIkAra karane vAlA 'mehAvI' tathA asvIkAra karane vAlA bAla hotA hai| vAstava meM ekAnta niyativAda yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| vRttikAra ne niyativAda kI vipratipatti batalAte hae likhA hai - kyA niyati apane Apa hI niyati svabhAva vAlI hai yA yaha dUsarI niyati se niyaMtrita-saMcAlita hotI hai| yadi yaha tathAsvabhAva vAlI hai, to sabhI padArthoM ko tathA-svabhAva vAlA mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ? arthAt padArthoM ko apane-apane svabhAva meM niyata karane ke liye niyati nAmaka kisI dUsare padArtha kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki niyati dusarI niyati se niyantrita hai to phira dUsarI niyati tIsarI niyati se aura tIsarI cauthI se niyaMtrita hogii| yaha krama anavarata calatA rahegA, jisakA kahIM anta nahIM hogaa| isa sthiti meM yahA~ anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa|25 yadi yaha kahA jAya ki niyati kA eka hI svabhAva hai, bhinna-bhinna svabhAva nahIM hai, to phira usakA kArya bhI eka rUpa hI honA cAhiye, bhinna-bhinna nhiiN| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 277

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parantu aisA nahIM hai / saMsAra meM hama vividha vicitratAoM kA anubhava karate hai, jo pratyakSadRSTa hai / isaliye niyatinAmaka padArtha kA ekatantrIya zAsana nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| niyativAdiyoM kA yaha kathana ki kriyAvAdI aura akriyAvAdI donoM hI niyati ke adhIna hai, ata: unameM koI bheda nahIM hai, yaha kathana bhI pratItibAdhita hai / kyoMki kriyAvAdI kriyAvAda kA samarthana karatA hai, jabaki akriyAvAdI akriyAvAda kA / isaliye inakI bhinnatA spaSTa hone se kisI bhI prakAra kI tulyatA nahIM ho sktii| yadi aisA kahe ki ye donoM niyati ke adhIna hone ke kAraNa tulya hai, to yaha bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| kyoMki niyati kI siddhi kiye binA ina donoM kA niyati ke vaza honA siddha nahIM hotaa| ata: kriyAvAdI tathA akriyAvAdI ko niyati ke dvArA saMcAlita kahanA asamIcIna hai / zAstrakAra kahate hai ki ye niyativAdI mithyAbhinivezI hai, jo niyati ko hI saba kucha mAnakara cAroM prANAtipAta Adi kA Arambha karate hai / tathA kriyAakriyA, sukRta- duSkRta, kalyANa- pApa, sAdhu-asAdhu Adi kA koI vicAra nahIM krte| isa prakAra ve nAnA prakAra ke kAmabhogoM meM gRddha va Asakta hokara saMsAra-cakra ke paribhramaNa rUpa duHkha ko bhogate rahate hai / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 26 7 upAsaka dazAMga, adhyayana - sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 393: 'sa evaM gozAlakamatAnusArI trairAzika nirAkRtaH / punaH anyena prakaraNena Aha / ' samavAyavRtti (abhayadeva) pR. - 130 - : taM eva ca AjIvikA trairAzikA bhaNitAH / halAyudhakoza, dvitIya kANDa - rajoharaNadhArI ca zvetavAsAH sitAmbaraH 1344 // nagnATo digvAsA kSapaNa: zramaNazca jIvako jainaH / AjIvo maladhArI nirgranthaH kathyate sadbhiH // 345 / / jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR. - 175-176 7. 8. 9. sUyagaDo, 1/1/2/1-5 sU. zI. vR. pa. 30 mahAbhArata, Adiparva - a. 1, 273-275 kAla: pacati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prajAH / 278 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana - - -

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10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 2335 24. kAla supteSu jAgarti, kAlohi duratikramaH // janmAnAM janaka kAlo, jagatAmAzrayo mataH / (a) sUtrakRtAMga amarasukhabodhinI vyAkhyA pR. hAritasaMhitA (ba) (a) (ca) - sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 30-31 vahI - pR. 31 vahI pR. 31 143-144 'kAle devA vinazyanti, kAle cAsura pannagAH / narendrA sarva jIvAzca, kAle sarve vinazyati // ' buddhacaryA 9/62-ka: kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSNyaM, vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca / svabhAvata: sarvamidaM pravRttaM, na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatna: ? buddhacarita yadindriyANAM niyata: pracAraH, priyApriyatvaM viSayeSu caiva / suyujyate yajjarayA''rtibhizca, kastatra yatno ? nanu sa svabhAvaH // zAstravArtA samuccaya samu. - 2/61 niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarvebhAvA bhavanti yat / tato niyatijA ye tatsvarUpAnubaMdhataH // yadyadeva yato yAvat tadaiva tatastathA / niyataM jAyate nyAyAt kaH enaM bAdhAyituM kSama: ?.. lokatatva 37. 29: prAptavyo niyati balAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubhovA / bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi hi prayatne, nAbhAvyaM bhavati, na bhAvino'sti nAzaH // sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 323 (a) majjhimanikAya 2/3/61 (ca) dIghanikAya 1/2/4/19 jainadarzana - mahendra kumArajI pR. 67 gommaTasAra, karmakANDa gA. 440 sammatitarka prakaraNa khaNDa-5, gA. 53 kAlo sahAva Niyas, puSvakayaM purisakAra gaMtA / nicchattaM te ceva samAsao hoti sammattaM // sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 31 uktaM ca na daivamitti saMcintya tyajedudyogamAtmanaH / anudyamena kastailaM tilebhyaH prAptumarhati ? // vahI 31-32 vahI - pR. 289-290 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 279

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8. karmopacaya niSedhavAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha ke dvitIya uddezaka kI aMtima nau gAthAoM meM karmopacaya niSedhavAda kI carcA kI gayI hai / ' karma ke upacaya (baMdha) kA jahA~ niSedha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha karmopacaya niSedhavAda hai| sUtrakAra ne ise kriyAvAdI darzana kahA hai| paraMtu cUrNikAra ne 'karma' ko kriyA kA paryAyavAcI mAnakara isakA artha karmavAdI darzana kiyA hai| 2 vRttikAra ne kriyAvAdI darzana kA rahasya spaSTa karate hue kahA hai - jo kevala caityakarma (citta vizuddhipUrvaka kiyA jAne vAlA koI bhI karma) ko pradhAna rUpa se mokSa kA aMga mAnate hai, unakA darzana kriyAvAdI darzana hai / " yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke bArahaveM samavasaraNa adhyayana ke prathama zloka kI cUrNi evaM vRtti meM bauddhoM ko akriyAvAdI ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA hai tathA bauddhagrantha aMguttaranikAya ke tRtIya bhAga aTThakanipAta ke siMhasuta meM tathA vinayapiTaka ke mahAvagga (pAlI) ke sIhasenApati meM bhI buddha ko akriyAvAdI kahA hai, tathApi yahA~ sUtrakAra ne spaSTa rUpa se bauddha darzana ko 'kiriyAvAidarisaNaM' kriyAvAdI darzana batAyA hai / yaha apekSAkRta jAnanA cAhiye / ' bauddhoM ko yahA~ ekAnta kriyAvAdI kyoM kahA gayA hai, isakA kAraNa spaSTa karate hue zAstrakAra kahate hai ki ve 'kamma cintA paNaTThANaM' karmoM kI cintA se pranaSTa arthAt dUra hai| jJAnAvaraNIyAdi ATha karma kaise, kina kAraNoM se, mandatIvrAdi rUpa se AtmA se baMdha jAte hai, unase mukta hone kA upAya kyA hai, sukhaduHkha ke janaka hai yA nahIM, Adi karma sambandhI cintana cintA hai| bauddha isa prakAra kI karma cintA se nitAnta aspRSTa hai / ata: unheM yahA~ karma cintA pranaSTa ekAnta kriyAvAdI ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA hai| bauddha-Agama ke anusAra cAra prakAra kA karma upacaya (baMdha) ko prApta nahIM hotA hai / niyuktikAra ne niyukti meM tathA TIkAkAra ne TIkA meM bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki bhikSu samaya (zAkya Agama) meM cAra prakAra ke karmoM kA upacaya nahIM hotA / ' ye cAra karma isa prakAra hai se 1. avijJopacita karma - avijJA arthAt avidyA / ajJAna ke vaza bhUla huA karma avijJopacita karma kahalAtA hai / bhUla se jIva kI hiMsA Adi hone para karma kA upacaya nahIM hotA / 2. parijJopacita karma - jo kopAdi kAraNavaza kevala manovyApAra se prANI 280 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kI hiMsA karatA hai parantu zarIra se chedana-bhedana rUpa vyApAra nahIM karatA, ata: kevala mana ke dvArA parijJA (ghAta kA cintana) hone se karma kA upacaya nahIM hotaa| 3. IryApatha karma - mArga meM Ate-jAte jo hiMsA hotI hai, usase bhI karmopacaya nahIM hotaa| 4. svapnAntika karma - svapna meM kRta hiMsA se bhI karma kA upacaya nahIM hotaa| __ ina cAroM meM se zAstrakAra ne parijJopacita tathA avijJopacita, ina donoM kA to mUla pATha meM ullekha kiyA hai| zeSa donoM kA ullekha na karake 'ca' zabda hI prayukta kiyA hai| usase ina donoM kA adhyAhAra (grahaNa) ho jAtA hai| ye caturvidha karma sparza ke bAda hI naSTa ho jAte hai, aisA kriyAvAdiyoM kA mata hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kriyAvAda kA svarUpa isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai - jo jIva ko jAnatA huA (saMkalpa pUrvaka) kAyA se use nahIM mAratA athavA abudha hiMsA karatA hai - anajAna meM zarIra se hiMsA karatA hai, vaha usa karma ke phala ko sparzamAtra se bhogatA hai| vastuta: vaha sAvadya (pApa) karma avyakta -aprakaTa hotA hai arthAt uparokta karma upacaya se puruSa baddha nahIM hotaa| prazna hotA hai ki yadi ukta prakAra se karmoM kA upacaya nahIM hotA to bauddhoM ke anusAra kisa prakriyA se karmabaMdha hotA hai ? isakA uttara dete hue ve kahate hai ki tIna AdAna mArga dvArA karmopacaya hotA hai| zAstrakAra ne AdAna mArga ko sUtra ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai - (1) abhikramya- kisI prANI ko mArane ke liye svayaM usa para AkramaNa krnaa| (2) preSya - anya ke dvArA prANI kA ghAta krvaanaa| (3) anumodana - ghAta karane ke liye mana se anumodanA krnaa| ye tIna AdAna hI karmabaMdha ke kAraNa hai, jinase pApakarma kiyA jAtA hai| jahA~ ye tIna nahIM hai tathA jahA~ isa prakAra bhAvoM kI vizuddhi hai, vahA~ karmabaMdha nahIM hotA pratyuta jIva nirvANa ko prApta karatA hai|' jisa prakAra duSkAla Adi vipatti ke samaya koI asaMyamI pitA apane putra ko mArakara bhojana kare, taba bhI vaha usa pApakarma se lipta nahIM hotA, usI prakAra rAga-dveSa rahita nispRha, medhAvI sAdhu mA~sa khAtA huA bhI usa pApakarma se baddha-lipta nahIM hotaa| zAstrakAra ne uparokta kathana dvArA kriyAvAdiyoM kI karmacintA ke prati upekSA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 281

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tathA bAda meM tIna prakAra ke AdAna se karmopacaya kI mAnyatA ko spaSTa kiyA hai| prastuta mata ke sandarbha meM cUrNikAra ne yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki bauddha darzana meM karmopacaya kaba hotA hai ? isakA samAdhAna bauddha isa prakAra karate hai- prANI, prANI kA jJAna, ghAtaka kI cintA, ghAtaka kI kriyA aura prANa viyoga ina pA~coM bAtoM se hiMsA hotI hai tathA inhIM se karmabaMdha hotA hai| arthAt - (1) prathama to hanana kiyA jAne vAlA prANI sAmane ho, (2) phira hanana karane vAle ko yaha jJAna ho ki yaha prANI hai, (3) pazcAt hanana karane vAle kI aisI buddhi ho ki maiM ise mArU yA mAratA hU~, (4) ina sabake rahate hue yadi vaha zarIra se usa prANI ko mArane kI ceSTA karatA hai, (5) usa ceSTAnusAra usa prANI ko mAra diyA jAtA hai, taba hiMsA hotI hai aura tabhI karmopacaya hotA hai| karmopacaya ina pA~coM kAraNoM se hI hotA hai| inameM se kisI eka ke bhI na hone para na hiMsA hotI hai, na karma kA upacaya hotA hai|' - yahA~ jo hiMsA ke nimitta pA~ca pada kahe gaye hai, unake kula milAkara 32 bhAMge hote hai| unameM se hiMsaka to prathama bhaMga vAlA puruSa hI hotA hai, zeSa 31 bhaMga hiMsaka nahIM hote| bauddhamata meM karmabaMdha ke tIna AdAna zAstrakAra ne bauddhoM ke karmabaMdha ke tIna AdAna kA kathana kiyA hai- vadhya prANI ko mArane kI icchA se usa para prahAra karanA, anya se karavAnA, prANIghAta karate hue puruSa kA anumodana krnaa|" / bauddha mata ke anurUpa hI jaina darzana meM bhI karmabaMdha ke ye tIna kAraNa hai - kRta, kArita aura anumodita parantu inake sAtha mana, vacana aura karma ina tIna yogoM kA bhI samAveza kiyA jAtA hai| jisase kula milAkara 49 bhaMga hote hai| yadi inameM se kisI eka bhaMga kA bhI sevana kiyA jAtA hai, to vaha vyakti karmabaMdhana avazyameva karatA hai| parantu bauddha mata meM aisA nahIM hai| ve kahate hai ki ye tInoM AdAna milakara hI karmabaMdhana karate hai| yadi ina tInoM meM se mana se, zarIra se athavA anumodana se rahita donoM se prANAtipAta ho jAtA hai, to vahA~ bhAvavizuddhi hone ke kAraNa karma kA upacaya nahIM hotA hai| sUtra meM 'u' zabda, joki nizcayArthaka hai, isake dvArA yahI bhAva phalita hotA hai| arthAt isa bhAva-vizuddhi se nirvANa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| bhAva-vizuddhi ko bauddhamatavAdI eka dRSTAnta 282 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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ke dvArA samajhAte hue kahate hai ki jaise rAga-dveSa rahita asaMyamI pitA vipatti ke samaya apanI udarapUrti hetu apane putra ko mArakara usake mA~sa kA bhakSaNa kare to bhI vaha karmabaMdha se lipta nahIM hotA, kyoMki use apane putra para kisI bhI prakAra kA dveSa nahIM hai| isI prakAra zuddha cittavRttipUrvaka nispRha sAdhu yadi mAMsabhakSaNa kare, taba bhI vaha karma se alipta rahatA hai| isa sambandha meM bauddhagrantha meM aisA hI buddhavacana milatA hai ki (dUsare mA~sa kI bAta jAne do) koI ajJAnI puruSa apane putra tathA strI ko mArakara usa mA~sa kA dAna kare aura prajJAvAn saMyamI (bhikSu) usa mA~sa kA bhakSaNa kare, taba bhI use pApa nahIM lgtaa|' cUrNikAra ne isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai- putra kA bhI samArambha karake (samArambha arthAt becakara), mArakara, usake mA~sa se yA dravya se aura to kyA kahe, putra na ho to sUara yA bakare ko bhI mArakara bhikSuoM ke AhArArtha bhojana bnaae| svayaM bhI khaaeN| tathAgata buddha ne isa rUpaka dvArA bhikSuoM ko yaha samajhAyA ki ve svAda ke lAlaca se, balavardhana, zaktisaMcaya, saundarya aura lAvaNya kI dRSTi se AhAra na leve| mAlUma hotA hai ki bItate samaya ke sAtha isa rUpaka kA Azaya vismRta ho gayA hai aura kevala zabda kA artha hI dhyAna meM raha gayA hai isaliye isa artha kA upayoga mAMsabhakSaNa ke samarthana meM loga to kyA, bhikSugaNa bhI karane laga gaye ho| vizuddhimagga tathA mahAyAna ke zikSA samuccaya meM bhI isa bAta kI prarUpaNA kI gayI hai| jJAtAdharmakA namaka chaThe aMga Agama meM suMsumA nAmaka eka adhyayana hai, jisameM pUrvokta saMyuttanikAyAdi pratipAdita rUpaka ke anusAra yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki ApattikAla meM ApavAdika rUpa se manuSya apanI khuda kI santAna kA bhI mAMsabhakSaNa kara sakatA hai| yahA~ mRta santAna ke mAMsabhakSaNa kA ullekha hai, na ki mAra kara usakA mA~sa khAne kaa| isa carcA kA sAra kevala yahI hai ki anAsakta hokara bhojana karane vAlA karma se lipta nahIM hotaa||| karmopacaya niSedhavAda kA khaNDana pUrvokta caturvidha karmopacaya kA niSedha karane vAle bauddhoM ke mata kA khaNDana karate hue zAstrakAra kahate hai ki jo mana se kisI para dveSa karate hai, unakA citta sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 283

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vizuddha nahIM hai| usa hiMsA meM manobhAva nahIM jur3ane para karmabaMdha kA abhAva mAnanA yuktisiddha nahIM hai| kyoMki aisA kabhI nahIM hotA ki mana meM hiMsA ke bhAva to ho para citta rAga-dveSa rUpa saMkliSTa pariNAmoM se alipta rhe| prAya: sabhI bhAratIya darzanika eka svara se yaha svIkAra karate hai ki karma ke baMdha meM mana hI pradhAna kAraNa hai| yahI kAraNa bauddhoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki manovyApAra rahita kevala zarIra vyApAra se karma kA upacaya nahIM hotaa| pradhAna kAraNa bhI vahI hotA hai, jo, jisake hone para ho, aura na hone para na ho| mana bhI isaliye karmopacaya kA pradhAna kAraNa hai, kyoMki manovyApAra se hI karmopacaya hotA hai| yaha prazna ho sakatA hai ki bauddhoM ne to zarIra ceSTA se rahita manovyApAra ko karmopacaya kA kAraNa na honA bhI batAyA hai| isakA samAdhAna unhIM ke kathana meM nihita hai| jaisA ki unhoMne mAnA hai ki cittavizuddhi hI mokSa kA pradhAna kAraNa hai| rAga-dveSa se vAsita citta hI saMsAra hai aura vahI citta rAgAdi klezoM se mukta hone para mokSa kahalAtA hai| bauddha grantha 'dhammapada' meM mana ko hI pradhAna kAraNa batAyA hai| isa prakAra bauddhoM ke mantavyAnusAra kliSTa manovyApAra pApakarmabaMdha kA kAraNa siddha hotA hai| IryApatha karma meM sAvadhAnI tathA upayogapUrvaka calanA jahA~ bhAvavizuddhi hai, vahIM asAvadhAnI pUrvaka gamanAgamana karanA citta kI kliSTatA kA pariNAma hai aura jahA~ citta ke pariNAma saMkliSTa hai, vahA~ karmopacaya avazya hotA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra jo sAdhaka jayaNA arthAt vivekapUrvaka calatA hai, baiThatA hai, sotA hai, khAtA hai, bolatA hai, vaha karmabaMdha se lipta nahIM hotaa| parantu jo puruSa binA upayoga ke pramAda pUrvaka calatA hai, to vaha jIvarakSA meM sAvadhAna na hone ke kAraNa pApakarma se lipta hotA hI hai| aura jaba sAvadha manovyApAra hone para bhI karmabaMdha hotA hai, taba 'prANI, prANI kA jJAna Adi pA~ca kAraNoM ke sammilita hone para hI karma kA upacaya hotA hai|' yaha kathana svata: asiddha ho jAtA hai| sAtha hI bauddhoM kA pitA dvArA putra kI hatyA kara usakA mA~sa bhakSaNa karane para bhI karmabaMdhana nahIM hotA, yaha kathana bhI asaMgata siddha ho jAtA hai| kyoMki jaba taka citta meM 'maiM mAratA hU~' aisA raudra pariNAma nahIM AtA, taba taka koI bhI vyakti kisI bhI jIva kI hiMsA nahIM kara sktaa| bauddhoM ne kahIM yaha bhI kahA hai ki jaise dUsaroM ke hAtha se aMgArA pakar3ane para hAtha nahIM jalatA, vaise hI dUsare ke dvArA mAre hue jIva kA mAMsabhakSaNa karane 284 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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para pApa nahIM hotA, aisA kahanA bhI unakI bakavAsa hI hai| kyoMki dUsare ke dvArA mAre hue prANI kA mA~sa khAnA bhI eka prakAra se parokSa anumodanA hI hai| bauddhoM ne bhI tIna AdAnoM meM eka AdAna anujJA (anumati) mAnA hI hai| anya matavAloM ne bhI kahA hai - anumantA vizasitA saMhartA kryvikryii| saMskartA copabhaktA ca ghAtakazcASTaghAtakA: // 5 mA~sa khAne kA anumodana karane vAlA, pazuvadha karake usake aMgoM ko kATakara alaga-2 karanevAlA, pazu ko mArane ke lie use katlakhAne meM le jAne vAlA yA mA~sa kharIdane-becanevAlA, pazu ko mArane ke lie kharIdane yA becane vAlA, pazu mA~sa pakAne vAlA tathA khAnevAlA, ye AThoM hI ghAtaka hai tathA pazughAta ke pApa ke bhAgI hai| jIva hiMsA karane, karAne tathA anumodana karane se karmopacaya honA bauddha bhI svIkAra karate hai| isa prakAra bauddhamatavAdI unmata hokara pralApa karate hue svayaM kI bAta kA khaNDana svayaM hI karate hai| isaliye zAstrakAra ne ina para 'karmacintApranaSTa' kA AkSepa lagAyA hai| kriyAvAdiyoM kA yaha mata ki 'caturvidha karma upacaya ko prApta nahIM hote' saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAlA hI hai| jisa prakAra janmAndha vyakti chidravAlI naukA para savAra hokara nadI ke usa pAra jAnA cAhatA hai parantu vaha bIca meM hI DUbakara mara jAtA hai, usI prakAra ye vibhinna matavAdI mithyAtva evaM matamohAndha hokara mA~sAhAra, madyapAna Adi vividha heya karmoM meM svayaM lipta hokara apanI-apanI darzana rUpI naukA ke sahAre saMsAra ko pAra karanA cAhate hai parantu mithyAtva kI ratauMdhI ke kAraNa ve pAra nahIM paate| balki bIca meM hI saMsAra sAgara meM DUbakara bAra-bAra janma-maraNa evaM durgati ke du:khoM ko bhogate rahate hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke ArdrakIya nAmaka chaTTe adhyayana meM bhI ArdrakumAra nAmaka pratyekabuddha ke zAkya bhikSuoM ke sAtha hue vAda-vivAda meM karmabaMdhana ke svarUpa kI hI carcA hai| yahA~ zAkyabhikSu (bauddha) apanI bAta kA pratipAdana isa prakAra karate hai ki mAnasika saMkalpa hI hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| koI vyakti khalI ke piNDa ko manuSya tathA tumbe ko bAlaka samajhakara pakAyeM to prANIvadha ke pApa kA vaha bhAgI hotA hai| isase viparIta puruSa ko khalI evaM bAlaka ko tumbA samajhakara pakAne vAlA vyakti prANIvadha ke pApa kA bhAgI nahIM hotaa| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 285

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itanA hI nahI, isa prakAra kI buddhi arthAt manuSya ko khalI evaM kumAra ko tumbA samajhakara pakAyA gayA mA~sa buddhoM ke pAraNe ke yogya hai| isa prakAra pakAye hue mA~sa dvArA jo vyakti pratidina do hajAra zAkya bhikSuoM ko bhojana karAtA hai, vaha mahAn puNyarAzi kA upArjana karatA hai| usake phalasvarUpa Aropya nAmaka devayoni meM janma letA hai| Ardraka muni dvArA bauddhoM ke apasiddhAnta kA khaNDana - bauddhAvalambioM kI isa mAnyatA kA pratikAra karate hue ArdrakumAra kahate hai ki khalI ko puruSa tathA tumbeko kumAra samajhanA kaise sambhava hai ? puruSa meM khalI evaM kumAra meM tumbe kI buddhi nahI ho sktii| aisI prarUpaNA meM jo vizvAsa karate hai, ve ghora ajJAnI hai / unakA yaha kathana bhI nirAdhAra evaM nitAnta mithyA hai ki jo vyakti do hajAra zAkya bhikSuoM ko nitya prati bhojana karavAtA hai, vaha uttamagati ko prApta hotA hai| balki aise mA~sAhArI sAdhuoM ko jo bhojana karavAtA hai, vaha asaMyata hai, anArya hai, raktapANi hai, ataH paraloka meM vaha anArya gati ko prApta hotA hai| bauddha bhikSu mAMsabhakSaNa ke dvArA bhI apane Apako pApakarma se alipta mAnate hai - isase bar3hakara aura kyA ajJAna ho sakatA hai / mA~sa hiMsAjanita raudradhyAna tu, apavitra, anAryajana se sevita evaM narakagati kA kAraNa hai| jo mAMsabhojI hai, ve anArya aura rasalolupa rAkSasa ke samAna hone se narakagAmI hai| AtmA ko svayameva naraka meM DAlane ke kAraNa AtmadrohI hai / " ArhatasiddhAnta kA samarthana - samasta prANiyoM kI rakSA ke uddezya se jJAtaputra mahAvIra tathA unake anuyAyI oddezika bhojana kA sarvathA tyAga karate hai| ve sAtvika AhAra bhI udgama, utpAdanA evaM eSaNA ke 42 doSoM se rahita, zuddha, niravadya evaM kalpanIya hone para hI grahaNa karate hai / isaliye mA~sa bhojana kI bAta to bahuta dUra hai, parantu addezika bhojana kA bhI ve tyAga karate hai / prathama adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka kI pahalI gAthA meM bhI uddiSTa bhojana kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai| kisI bhikSuvizeSa yA bhikSusamUha ke liye banAyA jAne vAlA bhojana, vastra, pAtra, sthAna Adi Arhata muni ke liye agrAhya hai / parantu bauddha bhikSuoM ke viSaya meM aisA nahIM hai / tathAgatabuddha svayaM AmaMtraNa svIkAra karate the| ve evaM unakA bhikSusaMgha, unhIM ke liye taiyAra kiyA gayA nirAmiSa athavA sAmiSa AhAra grahaNa karate the / 286 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUyagaDo, 1/1/2/51-59 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi, pR. - 37 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 37 (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi mUla pATha TippaNa pR. - 97 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra-214 (sa) sUyagaDa sUttaM (jaMbuvijayajI ma. sampAdita) kI prastAvanA pR. - 10 (da) suttapiTake aMguttaranikAya- pAli bhA.- 3, aTThakanipAta pR. - 293-296 ... ahaM hi sIha ! akiriyaM vadAmi kAyaduccaritassa, vacIduccaritassa, manoduccaritassa, anekavihitAnAM pApakAnaM akusalAnaM dhammAnaM akiriyaM vNdaami| (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA, 31 kampacayaM na gacchai, caubdhihaM bhikkhu smysi| (ba) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 11/12 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi mUla pATha TippaNa pR. - 9: teSAM hi parijJopacitaMIryApathaM, svapnAntikaM ca karmacayaM na yAtItyataste kmmciNtaapnntttthaa| sUyagaDo, 1/1/2/53-54 (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi, mUla pATha TippaNa, pR. - 9 : syAt kathaM punarUpacIyate ? ucyate, yadi satvazca bhavati ?, satva saMjJA ca 2 saMcitya-saMcitya, 3, jIvitAd vyaparopaNaM praannaatipaat:| (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 38 : prANI prANIjJAnaM ghAtakacittaM ca tadgatA cessttaa| prANaizca viprayoga: paMcabhirApadyate hiNsaa|| suttapiTaka, khuddakanikAya, bAlovAdajAtaka pR. 64 putadAraMpi ce hatvA, deti dAnaM anycto| muJjamAno pi sampaLyA na paapmuplimpti|| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 38 jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga - 1, pR. - 180 mana: eva manuSyANAM kAraNaM baMdha mokssyoH| (a) dhammapada/paDhamo yamakavaggo / : manopUcvaMgamA dhammA manoseTThA mnomyaa| manasA ca SaduThena bhAsati vA karoti vaa|| cittameva hI saMsAro rAgAdi kleza vaasitm| tadeva tairvinirmuktaM bhavAnta iti kthyte|| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 287

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14. dazavakAlika sUtra, 4/8 jayaM care jayaM ciThe jayamAse jayaM sye| jayaM muMjato bhAsaMto pAva kammaM na bNdhii| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 40 vahI - 396 15. 16. 9. jagatkartRtvavAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha meM jagatkartRtvavAda kA vizada varNana hai| isake dvArA zAstrakAra ne jagat kI racanA ke sandarbha meM ajJAnavAdiyoM ke pramukha 7 matoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| yaha jagat - (1) kisI deva dvArA kRta, gupta (saMrakSita) evaM upta (boyA huA) (4) (2) brahmA dvArA racita, rakSita yA utpanna hai| jIva aura ajIva se yukta tathA sukha-du:kha se samanvita Izvara ke dvArA kRta-racita hai| pradhAna (prakRti) Adi ke dvArA kRta hai| (5) svayaMbhUkRta hai| (6). yamarAja (mAra-mRtyu) racita mAyA hai, ata: anitya hai| (7) aNDe se utpanna hai| loka racanA ke sambandha meM zAstrakAra ne uparokta jina vibhinna matoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, unake bIja upaniSadoM, purANoM evaM smRtiyoM meM tathA sAMkhyAdi darzanoM meM milate hai| 1. devakRta loka 'devautte' yaha loka deva dvArA upta hai| jaise kRSaka bIjoM kA vapana kara phasala ugAtA hai, vaise hI devatAoM ne bIja vapana kara isa saMsAra kA sarjana kiyA hai| 'devautte' zabda ke saMskRta meM tIna rUpa ho sakate hai - (1) devaupta - deva dvArA bIja kI taraha vapana kiyA huaa| (2) devagupta - deva dvArA rakSita (paalit)| (3) devaputra - deva dvArA utpaadit| 288 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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cU~ki vaidika yuga meM manuSyoM kA eka varga agni, vAyu, jala, pRthvI, AkAza, vidyut, dizA Adi prAkRtika tattvoM kA upAsaka thA ataH prakRti ko hI deva mAnakara pUjatA thA aura yaha vizvAsa rakhatA thA ki isa virAT brahmANDa kI racanA sAmAnya prANI ke dvArA nahIM ho sakatI / deva apanI zakti ke dvArA hI aisI adabhuta racanA kara sakatA hai, ata: yaha loka deva dvArA bIja kI taraha boyA huA hai athavA kisI deva dvArA rakSita hai athavA yaha jagat tathAkathita deva kA putra hai, jisane isako paidA kiyA hai / 2 2. brahmaracita loka 'baMbhautte' yaha loka brahmA dvArA upta arthAt bIja vapana kiyA huA hai| kucha prAvAduka aisA mAnate hai ki brahmA jagat kA pitAmaha hai / jagat sRSTi ke Adi meM vaha akelA thA / usane prajApatiyoM ko, phira kramaza: saMsAra ko banAyA / ' cUrNikAra ne isake bhI tIna vikalpa prastuta kiye hai - 1 (1) brahmaupta (2) brahmagupta (3) brahmaputra brahmA dvArA utpAdita / brahmA dvArA sRSTivAda ke vividha pakSoM kA nirUpaNa vaidika sAhitya meM vistRta rUpa se upalabdha hotA hai / brahmA dvArA bIja boyA huA / brahmA dvArA saMrakSita ( gopita) / Rgveda ke puruSa sUkta meM puruSa (AdipuruSa) ko sRSTi kA kartA mAnA gayA hai| usake hajAra sira, hajAra paira aura hajAra A~kheM thI / sArI sRSTi usakI hai| usa puruSa se 'virAja' utpanna huA aura usase dUsarA puruSa 'hiraNyagarbha' paidA huaa| taittirIya upaniSad ke anusAra 'AtmA thA / usane socA, maiM akelA hU~, bahuta ho jaauuN| usane tapazcaryA kI / vizva kI sRSTi kI ' / praznopaniSad meM thI isI kA samarthana milatA hai| bRhadAraNyaka ke anusAra 'pahale eka hI AtmA puruSa ke rUpa meM thA / use akele meM Ananda nahIM aayaa| usameM eka se do hone kI bhAvanA jagI / usane apanI AtmA ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA / eka bhAga strI aura dUsarA bhAga puruSa banA / donoM pati-patnI ke rUpa meM rhe| usase sArI mAnava sRSTi kA astitva aayaa| phira prANI jagat banA / phira nAma rUpa meM AtmA kA praveza huA / ' chandogyopaniSad ke anusAra 'pahale kevala sat thaa| eka se aneka hone kI bhAvanA jgii| usane teja utpanna kiyaa| teja se pAnI utpanna huaa| pAnI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 289

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se pRthvI utpanna huii| divyazakti ne tInoM - teja, pAnI aura pRthvI meM praveza kara unheM nAma rUpa diyaa| eka vaidika purANa meM sRSTikrama isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai ki 'pahale yaha jagat ghora andhakAramaya thaa| bilkula ajJAta, avilakSaNa, atarksa aura avijJeya / mAnoM vaha bilkula soyA huA thaa| vaha eka samudra ke rUpa meM thaa| usameM sthAvara, jaMgama, deva, rAkSasa, uraga, bhujaMga Adi saba prANI naSTa ho gaye the| kevala gar3hA sA banA huA thA, jo pRthvI Adi mahAbhUtoM se rahita thaa| mana se bhI acintya vibhu soye hue tapasyA kara rahe the| soye huye vibhu kI nAbhi se eka kamala nikalA, jo tarUNa sUrya bimba ke samAna tejasvI, manorama aura svarNakarNikA vAlA thaa| usa kamala meM se daNDa aura yajJopavita se yukta brahmA utpanna hue, jinhoMne vahIM ATha jaganmAtAe~ banAyI - (1) diti, (2) aditi, (3) manu, (4) vinatA, (5)kadru, (6) sulasA, (7) surabhi aura (8) ilaa| diti ne daityoM ko, aditi ne devoM ko, manu ne manuSyoM ko, vinatA ne sabhI prakAra ke pakSiyoM ko, kradu ne sabhI prakAra ke sarIsRpoM ko, sulasA ne nAgajAtIya prANiyoM ko, surabhi ne caupAye jAnavaroM ko aura ilA ne samasta bIjoM ko utpanna kiyaa| manusmRti ke anusAra brahmA ne apane zarIra ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA- eka puruSa, dUsarI strii| strI ne 'virAja' ko utpanna kiyaa| usane tapasyA kara eka puruSa ko janma diyaa| vahI manu khlaayaa| manu ne pahale dasa prajApatiyoM ko janma diyaa| unase sAta manu, Izvara, devatA, RSi, yakSa, rAkSasa, gandharva, apsarAe~, sarpa, pakSI, tathA anyAnya sabhI jIva aura nakSatra utpanna hue| brahmA gADha nidrA se jAgRta hue| sRSTi kA vicAra utpanna huaa| unhoMne pahale AkAza ko utpanna kiyaa| AkAza se vAyu, vAyu se agni, agni se pAnI aura pAnI se pRthvI utpanna huii| yaha samUcI sRSTi kA Adi krama hai|' 3. IzvarakRta loka . 'isareNa kaDe loe' arthAt yaha loka IzvarakRta hai| IzvarakartRtvavAda kI mAnyatA mukhyatayA tIna darzanoM meM pracalita hai - vedAnta, nyAya evaM vaishessik| vedAntI Izvara ko hI jagat kA upAdAna evaM nimitta kAraNa mAnate hai| muNDako-paniSad ke anusAra jisa prakAra makar3I apane hI zarIra se svayaM jAlA banAtI hai tathA use apane hI zarIra meM sameTa letI hai, jisa prakAra pRthvI meM auSadhiyA~ 290 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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utpanna hotI hai, jaise puruSa se keza loma utpanna hote hai, usI prakAra usa nitya brahma (Izvara) se yaha samasta vizva utpanna hotA hai| taittirIyopaniSada meM kahA hai - jisa brahma (Izvara) se ye prANI utpanna hote hai, jisase ye bhUta (prANI) utpanna hokara jIvita rahate hai, jisake kAraNa prayatna (halana-calanAdi kriyAe~) karate hai, jisameM vilIna ho jAte hai, una sabakA tAdAtmya kAraNa Izvara hai|' zvetAzvataropaniSad meM batAyA gayA hai ki vahI devoM kA adhipati hai, usI meM sArA loka adhiSThita hai| vahI isa dvipada-catuSpada loka para zAsana karatA hai| vahI vizva kA eka mAtra pari-veSTitA, bhuvana kA goptA, vizvAdhipa evaM samasta prANiyoM meM gUDha hai|' bRhadAraNyaka ke anusAra - usa brahma ke do rUpa hai - mUrta aura amUrta athavA martya aura amRta, jise yat aura tyat kahate hai| vahI eka Izvara saba prANiyoM ke antara meM chipA huA hai|" vedAntI jagatkartA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko siddha karane ke liye anumAna pramANa kA bhI prayoga karate hai - Izvara jagat kA kartA hai| (pratijJA) kyoMki vaha cetana hai| (hetu) jo-jo cetana hotA hai, vaha-vaha kartA hotA hai| jaise kumhAra ghaTa kA kartA hai| (udaahrnn)| dvitIya IzvarakartRtvavAdI naiyAyika mata akSapAda RSi dvArA pratipAdita hai| isa mata ke ArAdhya ziva mAhezvara hai| mAhezvara hI isa carAcara jagat kA nirmANa evaM saMhAra karatA hai| .. naiyAyika bhI anumAna pramANa ke AdhAra para Izvara ko jagatkartA ke rUpa meM siddha karate hai - pRthvI, parvata, candra, sUrya, samudra, zarIra, indriyA~ Adi sabhI padArtha kisI buddhimAna kartA dvArA banAye gaye hai| kyoMki ve kArya hai| jo-jo kArya hote hai, ve kisI na kisI buddhimAna dvArA hI nirmita hote hai| vaha buddhimAn jagat kA kartA Izvara hI hai| jo buddhimAn kartA dvArA utpanna nahIM kiye gaye hai, ve kArya nahIM hai. jaise- aakaash| ___yahA~ vyatireka vyApti ke dvArA Izvara kI jagatkartA ke rUpa meM siddhi kI gayI hai| naiyAyika Izvara ko jagatkartA mAnane ke sAtha use eka, sarvavyApI, sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 291

Page #298
AkAzavat nitya, svAdhIna, sarvajJa evaM sarvazaktimAn bhI mAnate hai aura saMsArI prANiyoM se karmaphaloM kA bhugatAna karAne vAlA bhI Izvara hI hai, aisA mAnate hai|" naiyAyikoM kA Izvara jagat kA upAdAna yA samavAyI kAraNa nahIM hai| kyoMki upAdAna kAraNa to kAryarUpa hotA hai| yadi Izvara ko jagat ke jar3a-cetana padArthoM kA upAdAna kAraNa mAnA jAya, to vaha jar3a ko banAkara svayaM jar3amaya bana jAyegA, cetanavAna nahIM rhegaa| yadi use jagat kA samavAyI kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, to jaise samavAyI kAraNa apane samAna-jAtIya dUsare guNoM ko kAryarUpa meM utpanna karatA hai, vaise hI isa niyamAnusAra Izvara meM vidyamAna sarvajJatA kA guNa usake dvArA nirmita jagat meM bhI hotaa| para aisA dikhAyI nahIM detaa| ata: Izvara jagat / kA samavAyI kAraNa bhI nahIM hai| vaha kumhAra kI taraha jagat kA kartA rUpa nimitta kAraNa hai| vaizeSikoM kI mAnyatA bhI IzvarakartRtvavAda ke sambandha meM lagabhaga aisI hI hai|" sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke dvi. zru. ke prathama pauNDarIka adhyayana meM bhI IzvarakartRtvAda kI carcA kI gayI hai| vizAla puSkariNI ke ThIka madhya meM khile puNDarIka kamala ko prApta karane kI icchA vAlA tRtIya puruSa IzvarakAraNavAdI hai| usake mata se yaha jagat IzvarakRta hai arthAt saMsAra kA kAraNa Izvara hai| zAstrakAra ne IzvaravAdiyoM kI una sAta yuktiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai, jinase ve samasta padArthoM ke racayitA Izvara ko mAnakara IzvarakartRtvavAda ko siddha karane kA prayAsa karate hai, jaise - ___(1) kisI prANI ke zarIra meM lagA huA phor3A zarIra se hI utpanna hotA hai, zarIra meM hI bar3hatA hai, zarIra kA hI anugAmI hotA hai aura zarIra kA AdhAra lekara hI TikatA hai, usI prakAra sabhI dharma (padArtha) Izvara ke hI anugAmI hote hai aura Izvara kA AdhAra lekara hI sthita rahate (2) jaise arati (mAnasika udvega) zarIra meM hI utpanna hokara, zarIra meM hI bar3hatI huI, zarIra kI anugAminI banatI hai, zarIra ko hI AdhAra banAkara ke pIr3ita karatI huI rahatI hai, isI taraha sabhI padArtha Izvara se hI utpanna, usI meM vRddhigata aura usI ke Azraya meM sthita hai| (3) jaise valmIka (kITavizeSakRta miTTI kI stUpa yA dImaka ke rahane kI 292 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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bAMbI) pRthvI se utpanna hokara usI meM bar3hatA hai, usI kA anugAmI hai aura usI ke Azraya se sthita hai, usI prakAra samasta padArtha Izvara se utpanna, saMvarddhita aura anugAmI tathA usI meM vyApta hokara rahate hai / (4) jaise koI vRkSa miTTI se utpanna hokara, miTTI se hI saMvardhita hokara, miTTI kA hI anugAmI hotA hai, miTTI meM hI vyApta rahatA hai, vaise hI sabhI padArtha Izvara se utpanna yAvat usI meM vyApta hokara rahate hai / (5) jaise puSkariNI (bAvar3I ) pRthvI se utpanna hotI hai aura yAvat anta pRthvI meM hI vilIna ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra samasta padArtha Izvara se hI utpanna hote hue yAvat usImeM lIna ho jAte hai / (6) jaise koI jala kA pokhara (puSkara) jala se hI utpanna hokara, jala se saMvardhita, anugAmika hokara anta meM jala ko hI vyApta kara rahA hai, usI prakAra yaha cetanAcetanAtmaka jagat bhI Izvara se utpanna, , saMvarddhita evaM anugAmI hokara usImeM vilIna hokara rahatA hai| (7) jaise koI pAnI kA bulabulA, pAnI se utpanna hokara, pAnI meM bar3hatA hai, pAnI kA anugamana karatA hai aura anta meM pAnI meM hI vilIna ho jAtA hai, vaise hI sabhI padArtha Izvara se hI utpanna hote hai aura anta meM usI meM vyApta (lIna) hokara rahate hai / sabhAsiyAI meM bhI inhIM kAraNoM kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / " 4. pradhAnAdikRta loka 'pahANAI tahAvare' arthAt yaha loka pradhAnAdi kRta hai / pradhAna kA artha hai, sAMkhyasammata prakRti / loka kI racanA ke sandarbha meM pUrvokta vikalpa meM jagat ke racayitA Izvara hai, to dUsarA vikalpa yaha hai ki puruSa (Izvara) jagatkarttA nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki puruSa (Izvara) svayaM kartRtva se rahita hai, nirguNa sAkSI va nirlepa hai / ataH prakRti hI jagat kI vidhAtrI, karttI, dhartrI hai| prakRti kA apara nAma avyakta bhI hai| sukha-du:kha Adi saba prapaMca prakRti ke kArya hai / ata: vahI jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa hai| satva, raja, tamas ina tInoM guNoM kI sAmyAvasthA kA nAma prakRti hai / " yaha prakRti puruSa ke bhoga evaM mokSa ke liye kriyA meM pravRtta hotI hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 293

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yahA~ 'pahANAi'' arthAt pradhAnAdi meM Adi pada se yaha dhvanita hotA hai ki prakRti se mahat (buddhitattva) utpanna hotA hai, mahat se ahaMkAra tathA ahaMkAra se SoDaza tattva (mana, 5 jJAnendriyA~, 5 karmendriyA~ aura 5 tanmAtrAe~) utpanna. hote hai| 5 tanmAtra se 5 mahAbhUta utpanna hote hai / vRttikAra ne isI krama se sRSTi ke sarjana ko ullikhita kiyA hai / " athavA Adizabda se svabhAvAdi kA grahaNa kiyA hai| ekAnta svabhAvavAdI kahate hai - jaise kA~ToM kI tIkSNatA svabhAva se hotI hai, usI prakAra yaha loka bhI svabhAva se hI banA hai| ekAnta kAlavAdI kAla ko hI jIva - ajIvamaya yA sukha-duHkha se yukta jagat kA kAraNa mAnate hai / ekAnta niyativAdiyoM ke anusArajaise mayUra ke paMkha niyativaza raMga-biraMge va vicitra hote hai, usI prakAra yaha loka bhI niyativaza evaM niyatikRta hai| sRSTi kI utpatti ke viSaya meM sabhI dArzanikoM ne apane-apane dRSTikoNa se cintana prastuta kiyA hai| sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra mUla tattva do hai - cetana aura acetana / ye donoM anAdi tathA sarvathA svatantra hai| cetana-acetana kA yA acetana-cetana kA kArya yA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| isa dRSTi se sAMkhya sRSTivAdI nahIM hai| vaha satkAryavAdI hai / acetana jagat kA vistAra 'pradhAna' prakRti se hotA hai / isa apekSA se zAstrakAra ne sAMkhyadarzana ko sRSTivAdiyoM kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA hai| pradhAna prakRti kA nAma hai| vaha satva, rajas, tamas rUpa triguNAtmikA hai| isakI do avasthAe~ hotI hai - sAmya aura vaiSamya / sAmyAvasthA meM kevala guNa rahate hai| yahI pralayAvasthA hai| vaiSamyAvasthA meM ye tInoM guNa vibhinna anupAtoM meM paraspara mizrita hokara sRSTi ke rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte hai / isa prakAra acetana jagat kA mukhya kAraNa prakRti hai / prakRti kI vikAra rahita avasthA mUla prakRti hai| cU~ki pUrvokta caubIsa tattvoM meM prakRti kisI se utpanna nahIM hotI, isaliye use mUla kahA gayA hai|" mahat, ahaMkAra aura pA~ca tanmAtrAe~ ye sAtoM tattva prakRti tathA vikRti donoM meM vidyamAna hote hai| inase anya tattva utpanna hone se ye prakRti hai aura ye kisI na kisI anya tattva se utpanna hote hai, isaliye vikRti bhI hai| solaha tattva (mana, 10 indriyA~ va 5 tanmAtrAe~) kevala vikRti hai / puruSa (AtmA) kisI ko utpanna nahIM karatA, isaliye prakRti nahIM hai aura vaha kisI se utpanna nahIM 294 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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hotA, ata: vikRti bhI nahIM hai| 20 mUla prakRti puruSa donoM anAdi hai / 21 zeSa teIsa tattva prakRti ke vikAra hai / yahI pradhAnakRta sAMkhya-sRSTi kA svarUpa hai| 5. svayaMbhUkRta loka 'sayaMbhUNA kaDe loe' arthAt 'yaha loka svayaMbhU dvArA banAyA gayA hai' aisA maharSiyoM ne kahA hai| cUrNikAra maharSi isakA artha spaSTa karate hue kahate hai - maharSi arthAt brahmA athavA vyAsAdi RSi / 22 vRttikAra svayaMbhU kA artha karate hai viSNu yA anya koI | 23 ullekhanIya hai ki svayaMbhU zabda brahmA tathA viSNu donoM hI artha meM prayukta hotA hai| saMskRta meM isakI vyutpatti isa prakAra hogI- 'svayaM bhavati iti svayaMbhU' arthAt jo apane Apa hotA hai, vaha svayaMbhU hai / kaI matavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki yaha sampUrNa saMsAra viSNu se vyApta hai| isa sambandha meM ve pramANa prastuta karate hai- jala meM viSNu hai, sthala meM viSNu hai, parvata ke mastaka para viSNu hai, agni kI jvAlAoM se vyApta sthala meM viSNu hai, sArA jagat viSNumaya hai| he arjuna ! maiM pRthvI meM bhI hU~, vAyu, agni aura jala meM bhI huuN| maiM samasta prANiyoM meM tathA sAre saMsAra meM vyApta hU~ | 24 6. mAra (mRtyu) ke dvArA racita mAyA 'mAreNa saMdhuyA mAyA, teNa loe asAsae' mAra racita mAyA ke kAraNa yaha saMsAra azAzvat hai arthAt isa saMsAra kA pralayakartA mAra hai / vRttikAra ne mAra zabda kA artha yama kiyA hai| 25 jo mAratA hai, naSTa karatA hai, vaha mAra, mRtyu yA yamarAja hai| mAra kI utpatti kA kAraNa batAte huye vRttikAra kahate hai ki svayaMbhU ne loka kI sRSTi kii| vaha atibhAra se AkrAnta na ho jAye, isa bhaya se yama nAmaka mAra kI sRSTi kii| usa mAra ne mAyA ko janma diyaa| usa mAyA se loga marane lage 126 'mAreNa saMthuyA mAyA' prastuta caraNa meM vaidika sAhitya meM ullikhita mRtyu kI utpatti kI kathA kA saMketa hai - brahmA ne jIvAkula sRSTi kI racanA kI / pRthvI jIvoM ke bhAra se AkrAnta ho gayI / vaha aura adhika bhAra vahana karane meM asamartha thI / vaha daur3I-daur3I brahmA ke pAsa Akara bolI- prabho ! yadi sRSTi kA yahI krama rahA to maiM bhAra kaise vahana kara sakU~gI ? yadi saba jIvita hI raheMge to bhAra kaise kama hogA ? usa samaya pariSad meM nArada va rUdra bhI the / brahmA ne sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 295

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* kahA - sRSTi kA vinAza kaise kara sakatA hU~ ? unhoMne vizva prakAza se eka strI kA nirmANa kiyaa| vaha dakSiNa dizA se utpanna huI, isaliye usakA nAma mRtyu rkhaa| use kahA- tuma prANiyoM kA vinAza kro| yaha sunate hI mRtyu kA~pa utthii| vaha rone lgii| are ! mujhe aisA jaghanya kArya karanA hogaa| usakI A~khoM se A~su girane lge| brahmA ne sAre A~su ikaTThe kara liye| mRtyu ne puna: tapasyA kii| brahmA ne kahA- ye lo tumhAre aaNsu| jitane A~su haiM, utanI hI vyAdhiyA~roga ho jaayeNge| inase prANiyoM kA svata: vinAza hogaa| yaha dharma ke viparIta nahIM hogaa| mRtyu ne bAta mAna lii|" cUrNikAra ne isakA vivaraNa isa prakAra diyA hai - viSNu ne sRSTi kI racanA kii| ajarAmara hone ke kAraNa sArI pRthvI jIvAkula ho gyii| bhAra se AkrAnta hokara pRthvI prajApati ke sammukha upasthita huii| prajApati ne pralaya kI bAta socii| saba pralaya ho jAyegA- yaha dekhakara pRthvI bhayabhIta hokara kA~pane lgii| prajApati ne usa para anukampA kara vyAdhiyoM ke sAtha mRtyu kA sarjana kiyaa| usake pazcAt dhArmika tathA sahaja sarala prakRti vAle sabhI manuSya devaloka meM utpanna hone lge| sArA svarga unake atyadhika bhAra se AkrAnta ho gyaa| svarga prajApati ke pAsa upasthita huaa| taba prajApati ne mRtyu ke sAtha mAyA kA sarjana kiyaa| loga mAyA pradhAna hone lge| ve naraka meM utpanna hone lge| prajApati ne svarga se kahAloga zAstroM ko jAnate hue tathA apane saMzayoM ko naSTa karate hue bhI, zAstrAnusAra pravRtti nahIM kreNge| (isake abhAva meM ve svarga meM utpanna nahIM hoNge|) isaliye svarga ! tuma jaao| aba tumheM koI bhaya nahIM hai|" _ 'mAreNa saMthuyA mAyA teNa loe asAsAe' gAthA kA uttarArdha ukta kathAnaka kA pUrA dyotaka nahIM hai| AcArya nAgArjuna ne isa sthAna para jo zloka mAnya kiyA hai, vaha akSaraza: isa kathAnaka kA pUrA dyotaka hai| cUrNikAra ne yaha zloka 'nAgArjunIyAstu paThanti' kahakara uddhRta kiyA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai-" ___ ativayi jIvANaM, mahI viNNavate pmuN| tato se mAyA saMjutte, kare logssbhiddvaa|| cUrNikAra ne mAra kA artha viSNu kiyA hai| viSNu ko sRSTi kA kartA mAnane vAle kahate hai ki viSNu ne svayaM svargaloka se eka aMza meM avatIrNa hokara ina sabhI lokoM kI sRSTi kii| vaha sava sRSTi kA vinAzakartA hai, ata: viSNu ko hI mAra kahA hai| ve mAra kA artha mRtyu bhI karate hai|" 296 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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7. aNDe se utpanna loka 'aNDakaDe loe' arthAt yaha sampUrNa carAcara jagat aNDe se utpanna huA hai| cUrNikAra kA mantavya hai ki brahmA ne aNDe kA sarjana kiyaa| jaba vaha phUTA taba sArI sRSTi prakaTa huii|" vRttikAra ke anusAra, jaba koI bhI vastu nahIM thI, sArA saMsAra padArthazUnya thA, taba brahmA ne pAnI meM aNDe kI sRSTi kii| vaha bar3A huaa| jaba vaha do bhAgoM meM vibhakta huA taba eka bhAga urdhvaloka, dUsarA bhAga adholoka aura unake madhya meM pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, AkAza, samudra, nadI, parvata Adi kI saMsthiti huii| vRttikAra ne isa sandarbha meM eka zloka uddhRta karate hue batAyA hai ki sRSTi ke AdikAla meM yaha jagat tamasarUpa, ajJAta, avilakSaNa, atarya, ajJeya tathA cAroM tarapha se soyA huA thaa| brahmA ne hI aNDA Adi krama se isa sRSTi kI racanA kii| brahmANDa zabda brahma+aNDa se niSpanna hai| isIse isakI utpatti kA AdhAra spaSTa hai| manusmRti meM bhI aNDe se brahmA ke utpanna hone kI kalpanA kI gayI jagatkartRtvavAda kA khaNDana zAstrakAra ne pUrvokta devopta, brahmopta, IzvarakRta, pradhAnakRta, svayaMbhUkRta, mArakRta evaM aNDakRta jagat kI kalpanA karane vAle samasta matavAdiyoM ko 'ayANaMtA musaM vae' vastu tatva se ajJAta hone se mRSAvAdI kahA hai| ye vibhinna matavAdI apane-apane abhiprAyAnusAra sRSTi racanA sambandhI mAnyatAe~ prastuta karate hai| sUtrakAra ke anusAra vastuta: ve tattvasvarUpa se ajJa hai| kyoMki yaha jagat kadApi vinAzavAna nahIM apitu zAzvata hai| _mUla gAthAoM meM bhI yahI saMketa upalabdha hotA hai ki kRtavAdI avinAzI loka ko kRta arthAt anitya-vinAzI mAnate hai| ve ajJAnI loka ke yathArtha svarUpa se hI anabhijJa hai| yaha loka anAdi-ananta tathA zAzvata hai| vRttikAra isI paMkti kI vyAkhyA karate hai ki vAstava meM yaha loka kamI sarvathA naSTa nahIM hotA kyoMki dravya rUpa se yaha sadA dhruva arthAt sthita hotA hai| yaha loka atIta meM bhI thA, vartamAna meM bhI hai, bhaviSya meM bhI rhegaa| ata: yaha brahmA, viSNu, maheza, Izvara, prakRti Adi kisI ke bhI dvArA kRta nahIM hai| kyoMki jo-jo kRtaka hotA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 297

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hai, vaha nAzavAna hotA hai parantu jagata ekAntata: aisA nahIM hai| . vRttikAra ne ina samasta kRtavAdiyoM kI asaMgata aura pramANaviruddha yuktiyoM kA akATya tarkoM ke sAtha khaNDana karate hue jaina darzana ke anusAra jagata ke yathArtha svarUpa ko prastuta kiyA hai| (1) devopta tathA brahmopta jagata kI dhAraNA sarvathA mithyA hai devakRtavAdI jagata ko devakRta mAnate hai parantu isake pakSa meM aisA koI prabala pramANa prastuta nahIM krte| yadi jagata devakRta hai, to deva isa sRSTi ko svayaM utpanna hokara banAtA hai athavA utpanna hue binA banAtA hai| svayaM utpanna hue binA isa loka ko banAnA asambhava hai kyoMki gadhe ke sIMga kI taraha jo svayaM avidyamAna hai, vaha kisI anya ko utpanna kaise kara sakatA hai ? yadi deva utpanna hokara banAtA hai, to vaha svata: utpanna hotA hai yA kisI anya ke dvArA utpanna kiyA jAtA hai| yadi vaha svayameva utpanna hotA hai, to isa jagat ko bhI svataH utpanna mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai? yadi aisA kahe ki vaha deva kisI dUsare deva dvArA utpanna hokara isa loka kI racanA karatA hai, to dUsarA deva tIsare se utpanna hogA, tIsarA cauthe se| isa prakAra anavasthA doSa aayegaa|" isa prakAra devakRta loka kI kisI bhI prakAra se siddhi nahIM hogii| devakRtavAdI deva ko anAdi mAnane kA Agraha karate hai| yadi vaha anAdi hai to jagata ko bhI anAdi mAna lenA caahiye| vRttikAra ne jagatkartRtvavAdiyoM ke samakSa yaha prazna kiyA hai ki vaha deva anAdi hone para nitya hai yA anitya hai ? yadi nitya hai to vaha kramaza: yA eka sAtha bhI arthakriyA nahIM kara sktaa| kyoMki jo padArtha nitya hai, usakA svabhAva parivartita nahIM hotaa| aura svabhAva meM parivartana hue binA padArtha se kriyAe~ nahIM ho sktii| yadi vaha deva anitya hai, to utpatti ke pazcAt svayaM vinAzI hone se svayaM kI rakSA bhI svayaM nahIM kara sakatA to phira usase kisI anya kI utpatti ke vyApAra kI cintA asambhava isI prakAra vaha deva mUrta hai yA amUrta ? yadi amUrta hai, taba AkAza kI taraha akartA hI hai| yadi vaha mUrta hai, to kArya kI utpatti ke liye sAmAnya puruSa kI taraha use bhI upakaraNoM kI apekSA rhegii| aisI dazA meM vaha jagatakartA mithyA hI siddha hogaa| isI prakAra brahmA ko bhI jagat kA racayitA mAnane para 298 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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pUrvokta doSApattiyA~ A pdd'egii| jaba devakRta yA brahmakRta jagata hI siddha nahIM hotA to unake dvArA gupta yA putra rUpa jagata kA honA svataH khaNDita ho jAtA hai| (2) IzvarakartRtva kI mAnyatA pramANa se asiddha evaM anubhava se bAdhita hai IzvarakartRtvavAdI Izvara ko jagata kartA siddha karane ke liye aneka asaMgata yuktiyoM kA sahArA lete hai| unhoMne jisa anumAna pramANa kA upayoga kiyA hai, vaha bhI asiddha hai / jagata ke vibhinna padArtha ghaTa, paTa Adi kArya hai / inake dvArA yaha anumAna hotA hai ki inakA koI na koI karttA avazya hai, kyoMki ye saba usake kArya hai parantu yaha anumAna nahIM ho sakatA ki ye saba kArya amuka vyakti dvArA nirmita hai| kyoMki jo kArya hai, ve saba kartA dvArA kiye huye hai, isa prakAra kArya kI vyApti kAraNa meM gRhIta hotI hai / kintu jo-jo kArya hotA hai, vaha amuka vyakti dvArA nirmita hotA hai, isa prakAra kArya kI vyApti viziSTakAraNa meM gRhIta nahIM hotii| ghaTa ko dekhakara mAtra kumhAra rUpa kartA kA hI anumAna hotA hai| kisI amuka amuka nAma vAle viziSTa kumhAra kA nahIM / isI prakAra yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jagata kisI kAraNa se utpanna huA hai parantu yaha kahanA asaMgata hai ki jagata amuka viziSTa kAraNa se utpanna huA. hai| isI prakAra kisI kAryavizeSa kA kartA yadi pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai, tabhI usa viziSTa kArya ko dekhakara vyakti usake kartA kA anumAna karatA hai parantu jo vastu atyanta adRzya hai, usameM yaha pratIti kadApi nahIM ho sakatI / arthAt jisakI racanA karatA huA koI vyakti kabhI dRSTigata hI na huA ho, usa vastu ko dekhakara usake viziSTa kartA kA anumAna sarvathA doSapUrNa hI hai / yadi yaha kahe ki ghaTa ko dekhakara usake kartA kumhAra kA anumAna hotA hai aura vaha kumhAra kArya kA kartA hai, isI prakAra jagata ko dekhakara usake viziSTa kartA Izvara kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, to yaha kathana ayuktisaMgata hai kyoMki ghaTa, jo ki viziSTa prakAra kA kArya hai, usakA kartA kumhAra use karatA huA pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai, ata: ghaTa se kumhAra kA anumAna to ho sakatA hai parantu jagata ko dekhakara Izvara kA anumAna isaliye nahIM kiyA jA sakatA kyoMki nadI, samudra, parvata banAtA huA Izvara pratyakSa nahIM dekhA jaataa| ataH jagata ko dekhakara kisI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 299

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- kRtavA buddhimAna kartA ke rUpa meM Izvara kA anumAna karanA doSapUrNa hI hai| IzvarakartRtvavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana bhI Izvara ke kartA hone kA sAdhaka nahIM hai ki ghaTa Adi viziSTa racanAyukta kArya kisI buddhimAna kartA dvArA racita hai| kyoMki aisA koI niyama nahIM hotA ki hara cIja ko banAne vAlA kartA buddhimAna hI ho| AkAza meM bAdala binA buddhimAna ke banate aura bigar3ate naz2ara Ate hai| isI prakAra bijalI bhI camakatI hai aura jamIna para giratI dikhAI detI hai| pAnI barasane para ghAsa buddhimAna ke binA hI ugatI hai| mausama ke anusAra hI sardIgarmI par3atI hai, usameM bhI buddhimAna ina kAryoM ko karatA huA pratyakSa dikhAI nahIM detA jabaki padArthoM kI utpatti aura nAza to pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai| . kRtavAdiyoM kA yaha tarka bhI nirAdhAra hai ki ghaTAdi kI taraha zarIra aura jagata viziSTa avayava racanA yukta hone se kisI buddhimAna kartA dvArA nirmita hai| kyoMki isa anumAna se buddhimAna kartA kI siddhi to hotI hai parantu Izvara rUpa kartA kI siddhi nahIM hotii| jo buddhimAna hotA hai, vaha Izvara hI hotA hai, aisA niyama nahIM hai| kyoMki ghaTa kA kartA kumhAra evaM paTa kA kartA julAhA hI mAnA jAtA hai, Izvara nhiiN| yadi buddhimAna kartA Izvara hI hai to phira IzvarakartRtvavAdI ghaTa aura paTa kA kartA bhI Izvara ko kyoM nahIM mAna lete ? ata: viziSTa avayavaracanA buddhimAna kartA dvArA hI sambhava hotI hai, yaha dhAraNA mithyA hai| kyoMki yadi aisA mAnA jAyegA to valmIka (dImaka dvArA nirmita miTTI kara Dhera) bhI viziSTa avayavaracanAyukta hone se ghaTa ke samAna kumhAra dvArA banA huA siddha ho jaayegaa|" ata: avayavaracanA mAtra ko dekhakara usake buddhimAna kartA kI kalpanA mithyA hai| usI avayavaracanA ke viziSTa kartA kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, jisa avayavaracanA kA buddhimAna kartA pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai| zarIra aura jagata kI viziSTa avayava racanA ko dekhakara usa para se adRSTa Izvara kI kalpanA yukti viruddha hai| yadi kahe ki Izvara sarvavyApaka hone se nimitta rUpa se ghaTAdi racanA meM apanA vyApAra karatA hai| to isa prakAra se dRSTa kI hAni tathA adRSTa kI kalpanA kA prasaMga aayegaa| kyoMki ghaTa kA kartA kumhAra pratyakSa upalabdha (iSTa) hai, use na mAnanA dRSTa kI hAni hai aura ghaTa banAtA huA Izvara kabhI nahIM dekhA jAtA tathApi use ghaTa kA nimitta mAnanA adRSTa kI kalpanA hai| jisake sambandha se jisakI utpatti hotI hai, vahI usakA kAraNa mAnA jAtA hai, jaise- caitra nAmaka 300 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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puruSa ke ghAva bharane meM zastra kriyA (oNparezana yA zalyacikitsA) aura auSadha hI kAraNa the parantu isa ghAva ke sAtha jisakA koI sambandha nahIM hai, usa hU~Tha ko ghAva bharane kA kAraNa kyoM nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| ataH jisa vastu kA jo kAraNa pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai, use na mAnakara jo na dekhA jAye use, usakA kAraNa mAnanA sarvathA asagaMta hai / " isake atirikta bhavana Adi kA karttA sAvayava, avyApaka, anitya aura paratantra dekhA jAtA hai| yadi Izvara ko jagata kA kartA mAnA jAyegA to vaha bhI sAvayava, avyApaka, anitya aura paratantra hI siddha hogaa| isake viparIta niravayava, svatantra aura nitya Izvara kI siddhi ke liye koI dRSTAnta nahIM milatA isaliye vyApti kI siddhi na hone se niravayava nitya Izvara kA anumAna siddha na hogA / jisa prakAra kAryatva hetu Izvara kI siddhi nahIM kara sakatA, vaise hI pUrvokta anya hetu bhI Izvara ke karmatva siddhi ke liye samartha nahIM hai| yadi IzvaravAdI yaha kahe ki Izvara amUrta aura adRzya hai ata: dikhAI nahIM de sakatA, to prazna hotA hai ki vaha zarIradhArI hai yA zarIrarahita ? yadi zarIrarahita hai, taba to sRSTi kI racanA kaise karegA ? yadi zarIradhArI hai, to vaha zarIra nitya hai yA anitya ? nitya isaliye nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki sAvayava hai| jo-jo sAvayava hote hai, ve saba padArtha ghaTa - paTAdi kI taraha anitya hote hai / yadi zarIra anitya hai, to use kisane banAyA ? yadi Izvara ne svayaM hI banAyA hai, to isase pahale bhI Izvara ke zarIra ko mAnanA pdd'egaa| isa prakAra uttarottara zarIra racanA ke liye pUrva - pUrva zarIra ko mAnane para anavasthA doSa A pdd'egaa| aisI dazA meM kArya kI siddhi nahIM hogI / Izvara jIvoM ko apane karmoM ke anusAra sukha, duHkha, svarga, naraka detA hai| yaha kahanA bhI ayathArtha hai, kyoMki isase yaha prazna utpanna hotA hai ki Izvara sRSTi racanA ke samaya jIva karmasahita hotA hai yA karmarahita ? yadi karma sahita thA, to una karmoM kA karttA kauna? yadi una karmoM kA karttA una jIvAtmAoM ko hI mAnA jAye to Izvara kA kartRtva samApta ho jAyegA aura kAryarUpa hetu bhI dUSita ho jAyegA kyoMki jo bhI kArya hai, ve Izvara dvArA kRta hai| yadi una karmoM ko bhI Izvara ne hI banAyA hai, taba to Izvara kI dayAlutA aura karuNA para praznacihna laga jAyegA ki Izvara ne una akarmaka, zuddha aura sukhI AtmAoM ko sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 301

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jAla meM pha~sAkara kyoM duHkhI kara diyA? yadi yaha kahe ki Izvara ne hI karma kI svatantratA pradAna kI hai, sumArgakumArga kA cayana jIva kI apanI soca hai, to vaha paramapitA sarvajJa tathA sarvazaktimAn hote huye bhI apane putravat jIvoM ko kumArga para jAte huye rokatA kyoM nahIM hai ? ata: IzvaravAdiyoM kI pratyeka yukti yathArtha se rahita evaM pramANa se bAdhita hai| ___Izvara na to loka kA sarjana karatA hai, na hI karmoM kaa| aura na hI lokagata jIvoM ke zubhAzubha karmaphala kA saMyoga karatA hai| loka to svabhAvata: svayaM pravartita hai, cala rahA hai|" (3) loka pradhAnAdikRta hai, yaha dhAraNA bhI asaMgata hai sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra jagata pradhAnAdikRta hai| pradhAna avikRta hai jo ki satva, rajasa, tamas kI sAmyAvasthA rUpa hai kintu usa avikRta pradhAna se mahat Adi tatvoM kI utpatti mAnanA to vikRti hai, isaliye vikRta pradhAna se mahat Adi tattvoM kI utpatti mAnanA jaise sAMkhya mata ko ie nahIM hai, usI prakAra avikRta pradhAna se jagata kI utpatti mAnanA bhI abhISTa evaM saMgata nahIM ho sktaa| prakRti strI hai, aisA mAnane. para yaha prazna hotA hai ki vaha mUrta hai yA amUrta? yadi amUrta hai, to usase jagata ke mUrtimAna padArthoM kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI kyoMki mUrta-amUrta kA paraspara kArya-kAraNabhAva virUddha hai| amUrta AkAza se kisI bhI vastu kI utpatti nahIM dekhI jaatii| yadi vaha mUrta hai, to svayaM kisase utpanna huI ? svata: utpatti kahane para isa loka ke bhI svata: utpanna hone kI Apatti aayegii| yadi anyata: utpanna hai, to anya se usa anya kI utpatti evaM usa anya se usa anya kI utpatti mAnanI par3egI, jisase anAvasthA doSa kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| ata: jaise utpanna hue binA hI pradhAna (prakRti) anAdibhAva se sthita hai, usI prakAra loka ko bhI anAdi mAnane meM koI doSa nahIM haiN| sAMkhyamatavAdI prakRti ko acetana kahate hai| vaha acetana prakRti cetana puruSa kA prayojana siddha karane meM kaise samartha ho sakatI hai, jisase AtmA kA bhoga siddha hokara sRSTi racanA ho sake ? . yadi kahe ki acetana hone para bhI prakRti kA yaha svabhAva hai ki vaha puruSa 302 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kA prayojana siddha karane ke liye pravRtta hotI hai, taba to prakRti kI apekSA svabhAva hI adhika balavAna huA jo prakRti kA niyantraNa karatA hai| yadi aisA hI hai, to jagat kA kAraNa bhI svabhAva hI mAnanA yukti-yukta hogA, na ki adRSTa kI kalpanA / spaSTa hai ki pradhAna (prakRti) jagat kA karttA siddha nahIM ho sakatA / isI prakAra kucha matavAdI svabhAva evaM niyati Adi ko bhI jagata kA kAraNa mAnate hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra svabhAva Adi ekAnta rUpa se jagata kI utpatti kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakate kintu kathaMcit svabhAva ko jagata kA kAraNa mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM hai / yadi svabhAva kA artha- sva-svayaM (apanI ), bhAvautpatti hai, to isa apekSA se svabhAva ko jagata kA kAraNa mAnanA jaina darzana ko mAnya hai / niyativAdiyoM ke anusAra jagat ekAnta niyatikRta hai| vaha bhI dUSita kathana hai kintu kathaMcit niyati ko jagata kA kAraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai athavA sUkSmatayA cintana kare to niyati bhI svabhAva se atirikta nahIM, kyoMki jo padArtha jaisA hai, usakA vaisA honA niyati hai / (4) svayaMbhU racita loka kI kalpanA bhI asat hai svayaMbhU zabda kA vyutpatyartha hai - jo apane Apa hotA hai| prazna hotA hai ki jo binA kisI kAraNa svataH hotA hai, vaha svayaMbhU kahalAtA hai yA jo anAdi hai vaha ? yadi apane Apa hone se vaha svayaMbhU hai, to loka ko bhI apane Apa (svayaMbhU) mAnane meM kyA doSa hai ? yadi svayaMbhU (Izvara) anAdi hai, to vaha jagata kA karttA nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki jo anAdi hotA hai, vaha nitya hotA hai aura nitya padArtha sadA ekarUpa, aparivartanazIla hotA hai isaliye vaha nitya, svayaMbhU Izvara jagata kA karttA siddha nahIM ho sakatA / yadi svayaMbhU vItarAga hai, to vaha taTastha evaM udAsIna hone se vicitra loka kI utpatti nahIM kara sktaa| yadi sarAga mAne to sAmAnya vyakti hone se vizvakarttA nahIM ho sktaa| phira yadi vaha svayaMbhU amUrta hai, to mUrttimAn jagata kI racanA usake dvArA asambhava hai| aura yadi mUrta hai, to usake utpattikarttA kI paramparA khar3I hogI, jisase anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga A par3egA / " svataH siddha hai ki jagat svayaMbhU dvArA racita nahIM hai / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 303

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(5) mAra (yama) dvArA jagatkartRtva kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana svayaMbhU dvArA mAra (yama) kI utpatti kI gayI, jo mAyA dvArA loka kA saMhAra karatA hai, yaha bhI vyartha kA apalApa hai| jaba svayaMbhU hI jagata kA karttA siddha nahIM hotA to yamarAja aura mAyA, jo unakI santAneM hai, unakA astitva kahA~ se aayegaa| 12 (6) aNDe se jagata kI utpatti bhI kapola kalpanA hI hai aNDe se jagata kI racanA mAnanA bhI asamIcIna hai| jaba jagat paMcamahAbhUtoM se bilkula rahita thA, usameM koI bhI cIja nahIM thI, taba aNDA kahA~ se AyA ? phira jisa jala meM svayaMbhU ne aNDA utpanna kiyA, vaha jala jisa prakAra aNDe ke binA hI utpanna huA thA, usI prakAra loka ko bhI aNDe ke binA utpanna huA mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM honI cAhiye / tathA brahmA jaba taka aNDA banAtA hai, taba taka vaha isa loka ko hI kyoM nahIM banA detA ? ata: yukti se viruddha aNDe kI TeDhI-meDhI kaSTadAyI kalpanA kA kyA prayojana ? `kucha prAvAdukoM ke anusAra brahmA aNDe ke binA hI sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai / jaise brahmAjI ke mukha se brAhmaNa, bAhu se kSatriya, uru se vaizya aura pairoM se zUdra utpanna huye hai / " yaha kathana bhI anubhavavirUddha hai kyoMki Aja taka mukha se kisI kI utpatti nahIM dekhI gayI hai / yadi aisA hone lagegA to sabhI kA utpatti sthAna brahmA hone se brAhmaNAdi (varNoM) kA paraspara bheda nahIM rhegaa| tathA brAhmaNoM meM bhI kaTha, taittirIyaka, kalApa Adi bheda nahIM hoMge kyoMki ye sabhI brAhmaNa eka hI brahmA ke mukha se utpanna hoNge| phira to upanayana, vivAhAdi saMskAra bhI nahIM ho skeNge| bahina ke sAtha vivAha kI Apatti AyegI / isa prakAra aneka doSabhUta hone se brahmA ke mukha Adi aMgoM se sRSTi kI utpatti mAnanA anupayukta hI hogaa| 14 loka kA karttA Izvara asiddha hone se sukha-duHkha kA karttA Izvara bhI asiddha hai prastuta vAda meM vibhinna jagatakartRtvavAdiyoM ne apane-apane abhiprAyAnusAra deva, brahmA, svayaMbhU, Izvara, prakRti Adi vibhinna tattvoM ko jagatakartA siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai tathA ise yuktipUrvaka sthApita karane ke liye aneka AdhArahIna 304 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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tarka aura pramANoM ko bhI balapUrvaka prastuta kiyA hai / parantu vRttikAra ne una sabhI tarkoM ko nirasta kara diyA hai / jagata kI utpatti na brahmA yA svayaMbhU dvArA sambhava hai, na amUrta acetana aura avyakta prakRti dvArA sambhava hai / jagatkartRtvavAda sambandhI ye sArI parikalpanAe~ nirarthaka, pramANabAdhita evaM anubhava se asiddha hai / na zAstrakAra ne isI sandarbha meM 'jIvAjIva samAutte suhadukkha samannie' isa pATha dvArA kRtavAdiyoM ke mata ko prastuta kiyA hai ki Izvara yA prakRti jIvAjIva se samanvita sukha - du:kha yukta loka kA nirmANa karate hai| jaba isa sRSTi kA koI karttA siddha nahIM hotA, to jIva ke sukha-duHkha kA koI karttA kaise siddha hogA ? zAstrakAra kI dRSTi meM ve mithyAvAdI tattva ke vAstavika svarUpa se anabhijJa hai, isaliye isa prakAra kI prarUpaNA karate hai / jaina darzana meM sRSTiviSayaka mAnyatA jaina darzana ke anusAra sRSTi anAdi - aparyavasita hai / pUrvokta matavAdI ise kisI na kisI kA kArya mAnate hai, isa kAraNa ise anitya, azAzvata aura vinAzI mAnate hai, parantu jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha jagata vinAzI yA zAzvata nahIM hai| vastuta: dekhA jAye to yaha loka dravyArthikanaya kI apekSA se nitya, zAzvata aura avinAzI hai evaM paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA se anitya aura azAzvata hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra se ziSya ne jaba sRSTi ke viSaya meM prazna kiyA ki bhaMte ! pahale loka huA yA aloka ? to bhagavAna ne usakI jijJAsA ko upazAnta karate hue kahA- roha ! loka aura aloka, donoM anAdi hai| isameM pauvAparya sambandha sambhava nahIM hai| isake liye unhoMne aNDe aura murgI kA udAharaNa diyA / " jahA~ hama rahate hai, vaha loka hai| loka meM AkAza, dharma, adharma, kAla, jIva aura pudgala kI saha-sthiti hai|" aloka meM mAtra AkAza hI hai / dravya (sat) se paripUrNa isa sRSTi ko jaina darzana meM loka kahA jAtA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa sampUrNa sRSTi ko SaTdravyoM se parivyApta batAyA hai| jaina siddhAntoM ke prakAza meM abhedAtmaka apekSA se isa sRSTi ko dravyamaya aura bhedAtmaka dRSTi se SaTdravyamaya kahA jA sakatA hai|" mUlAcAra ke anusAra yaha vizva anaMtAnaMta sat kA virATa sAgara hai aura akRtrima hai| kisI vyaktivizeSa yA Izvara dvArA racita nahIM hai / " sampUrNa jagat sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 305

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utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvyAtmaka hai| isameM na to naye sat kA utpAda hotA hai, na prApta sat kA vinaash| yaha loka saMsArI evaM siddha donoM jIvoM kA sthAna hai| aSTa karma se rahita jIva (siddha) isI loka ke anta (lokAnta) yA agra (lokAgra) bhAga meM sthita hai| yaha loka upara se nIce taka caudaha rajjU pramANa hai| isakI AkRti raMgazAlA meM kamara para donoM hAtha rakhakara nAcane ke liye khar3e sira rahita puruSa jaisI hai, jisakA adholoka nIce mu~ha (auMdhA mu~ha) karake rakhe hue sakore ke AkAra ke samAna AkAra vAle sAta narakoM se yukta hai tathA madhya loka thAlI ke samAna AkAra vAle asaMkhyAta dvIpa samudroM se yukta hai| isI prakAra sIdhA evaM ulTA mu~ha kiye do sakoro ke samAna urdhvabhAga urdhvaloka se yukta hai| loka kA sabase antima bhAga lokAgra hai, jise siddhazilA (mukta jIvoM kA sthAna) kahA jAtA hai| siddhazilA isa loka kA antima bhAga hai| isake Age aloka hai, jisameM dharma, adharma, kAla, pudgala, jIva kA sarvathA abhAva hai| mAtra AkAza hone se ise alokAkAza bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha ananta pradezI hai| yahA~ dharma, adharma kA abhAva hone se jIva evaM pudgaloM meM gati evaM sthiti sambhava nahIM hai|" isa prakAra jaina darzana ke anusAra mAtra loka hI samasta carAcara jagata kA AdhAra hai| isa loka kI na Adi hai, na ant| yaha anAdi kAla se vidyamAna hai aura ananta kAla taka calatA rhegaa| isa loka kA na koI kartA hai, na koI niyantA / yaha kisI eka mUla tattva dvArA niSpanna nahIM hai| mUla tattva do hai- cetana evaM acetana / ye donoM hI apane-apane paryAyoM dvArA badalate rahate hai evaM sRSTi kA hAsa evaM vikAsa hotA rahatA hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI (ka) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 41 - devautte .... devehi ayaM logo kato, utta iti bIjavad vApita: Adisarge ...... devagutau devaiH pAlita ityarthaH / devaputto vA devairjanita ityrthH| (kha) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - pR. 43 devenopto devopta, karSakeNeva vIja vapanaM kRtyA niSpAdito'yaM loka ityarthaH, devairvA gupto- rakSito devagupto deva putro vaa| (ka) chAndogyopaniSad a. - 5 khaNDa - 12 se 18 taka (kha) etareyopaniSad - prathama khaNDa sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 42, tathA brahmaNAupta brahmopto'yaM loka ityapare evaM vyavasthitA:, tathAhi teSAmayamabhyupagama:- brahmA jagatpitAmahaH, sa caika eva jagadAdAvAsIttena 306 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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10. 11. ca prajApataya: sRSTA: taizca krameNaitatsakAlaM jgaaditi| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 41 - evaM baMbhautte vi tiNNi vikappA bhaNitavyA-baMbhautta baMbhagutta baMbhaputta iti vaa| (a) taittirIyopaniSad / / -6 (ba) praznopaniSad - prazna - 1, zlo. 4 (sa) bRhadAraNyakopaniSad - 1, 4/3, 4, 7 (da) chAndogyopaniSad 6/23-4, 6/3/2-3 manusmRti - 1, 32-41 munasmRti - 1 - 74-78 muNDakopaniSad - 1/1/7 yathorNanAbhisRjate gRhyate ca yathA pRthivyA yathA sata: puruSAt keza lomAni tathAkSarAt sambhavatIha vishvm|| taittirIyopaniSad - 3 bhRguvalli yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante, yena jAtAni jiivnti| yatprayantyabhisaMvizanti tad vijijJAsasva tad brhmeti|| zvetAzvataropaniSad , a. 3/7 bRhadA. a-2, brA. 3/1 dvevAva brahmaNo rUpe mUrtaM caivAmUrta ca, martya cAmRtaM ca, sthitaM ca yacca tycc| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 42 tataH paraM brahma paraM bRhantaM yathAnikAyaM sarvabhUteSu guuddhm| syAdvAdamaMjarI - gAthA - 6 kartAstikazcit jagata: sa caikaH saH sarvagaH sa svavaza: sa nityH| imA kuhevAka viDambanA syusteSAM na yessaamnushaaskstvm|| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 43 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 2, 1/11 isibhAsiyAI - a, 22, pR. 43 sAMkhyakArikA - satvarajastamasAM sAmyAvasthA prkRtiH| sAMkhyakArikA zlo. 22 prakRtermahAMstatohArastaramAd guNazca ssoddsskH| taramAdapi SoDaSakAt paJcabhya paJcabhUtAni / / sAMkhyasUtra - 1/67 mUle mUlAbhAvAdamUlaM mUlam / sAMkhyakArikA zlo. - 3 - 12. 14. 15. 17. 18. 20. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 307

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21. 22. 23. 24. mUla prakRtiravikRtirmadAdyA prakRti vikRtaya: spt| SoDakastu vikAro na prakRti ne vikRti: purUSaH / / bhagavadgItA, a. 13/19 : prakRtiM puruSaM caiva viddhyanAdIubhAvapi / sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 41 maha RSi nAma sa eva brahmA athavA vyAsAdayo mhrssyH| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 43 - svayambhUH viSNuranyo vaa| bhagavadgItA -jale viSNu: sthale viSNurviSNu prvtmstke| jvAlAmAkule viSNuH, sarva viSNumayaM jgt|| pRthivyA mapyahaM pArtha! vAyavagnau jlesmyhm| sarvabhUtagatazcAhaM, tasmAt sarvagato smyhm|| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 43 vahI - svayaMbhuvA loka niSpAdyAtibhArabhacAdyamAkhyo mArayatIti mAro vyadhAyi, tena mAreNa 'saMstutA' kRtA prasAdhitA mAyA, tayA ca mAyayA lokA mriynte| mahAbhArata, droNaparva - adhyAya - 53 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 41 25. 33. 34. 35. vahI vahI vahI pR. 42 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 43 manusmRti a. 1, zloka - 9/12-15 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - patra - 43 : kima sau deva utpanno'nutpanno vA lokaM sRjeta ? na tAvadanutpannastasya khara-viSANasyevAsatvAtkaraNAbhAva:, athotpanna sRjettatkiM svato'nyato vA ? yadi svata evotpannastathA sati tatlokasyApi svata evotpatti: kiM neSyate ? athAnyata utpanna san lokakaraNAya, so'pyanyo'nyata: so'pyanto'nyata ityevaM manavasthAlatA nabhomaNDalavyApinyanivArita prasarA prsrptiiti| vahI : athAsau devo'nAditvAnnotpanna ityucyate, ityevaM sati lokopyanAdirevAstu, ko doSa: ? kiMca - asAvanAdI: sannityo'nityo vA syAt ? yadi nityastadA tasya kramayogapadyAbhyAmarthakriyAvirodhAnna kartRtvam, athanityasthA sati svata evotpatyanantaraM vinAzitvAdAtmano'pi na trANAya, kuto'nyatkaraNaM prati tasya vyApAra cinteti ? vahI - anyathA kumbhakAreNa mRdvikArasya ksycit| ghaTAde: karaNAtsiddhayedvalmIkasyApi ttkRtiH|| 36. 37. 308 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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38. 39. vahI, : pa. 44 - zastroSadyAdisambandhAccaitrasya vrnnrohnne| asambaddhasya kiM sthANo: kAraNattvaM na klpyte|| bhagavadgItA, a. - 5 zloka - 14 : na kartRtvaM na karmANi lokasya sRjati prabhuH / na karmaphala saMyoga svabhAvastu prvrtte|| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 44, satvarajasatamasAM sAmyAvasthA pradhAnamityucyate, na cAvikRtAtpradhAnAnmahadAderutpattiriSyate bhavavyaH, na ca vikRtaM pradhAnavyapadeza mAskandatItyato na prdhaanaanmhdaaderutpttiriti| vahI 46. vahI brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsIta bAhU rAjanya kRtH| ustadasya yad vaizya: padabhyo shuudro'jaayaat|| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra, pR. - 45 bhagavatI sUtra, - 1-6 uttarAdhyayana sUtra, 36-2 : jIvA ceva ajIvAya esa loge viyaahie| pramANa na. 7-20 : dharmAdharmAkAza .......dityAdiryathA (a) mUlAcAra, 712 : logo akiThimo khalu (ba) dravyavijJAna, pR. 18 (a) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra, 15 (ba) First step to Jainism, Part - 1, Page No. - 9 47. 10. avatAravAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM vibhinna vAdoM ke prastutIkaraNa ke krama meM avatAravAda kA bhI nirUpaNa huA hai| prathamazrutaskandha meM avatAravAda kA nirUpaNa hai, jise cUrNikAra ne trairAzika sampradAya kA abhimata mAnA hai| parantu vRttikAra ise gozAlaka kA mata batAte hai| AcArya haribhadra ne bhI trairAzika kA artha AjIvaka sampradAya kiyA hai| isa prakAra pUrvokta kathanoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki gozAlaka AjIvaka mata ke AcArya the| trairAzika kA artha hai - jo mata yA vAda sarvatra tIna rAziyA~ mAnatA hai - jIva rAzi, ajIva rAzi aura no jIva raashi| yahA~ zAstrakAra ne trairAzikoM ke matAnusAra AtmA kI tIna rAziyoM kA kathana kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 309

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1. 2. ne hai rAga ga-dveSa sahita karmaphala se azuddha AtmA kI avasthA / zuddha AcaraNa dvArA niSpApa hokara vizuddha avasthA prApta kara mukti meM pahu~ca jAnA / 3. vizuddha AtmA kA krIr3A, rAga athavA pradveSa ke kAraNa puna: se lipta ho jAnA / isa avasthAtraya kI mAnyatA ke kAraNa ye trairAzika kahalAte hai| cUrNikAra prastuta prasaMga meM trairAzika mata kI mAnyatA ko isa prakAra vyAkhyAyita kiyA koI jIva mokSa prApta kara lene para bhI apane dharma tathA zAsana kI pUjA aura anyAnya dharmazAsanoM kI apUjA dekhakara mana hI mana prasanna hotA hai aura apane zAsana kI apUjA dekhakara aprasanna bhI hotA hai| isa prakAra sUkSma aura Antarika rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara punaH manuSya bhava meM janma letA hai| jaise svaccha jala punaH sarajaska, malina ho jAtA hai, vaise hI rAga-dveSa rUpI raja se malina hokara AtmA punaH saMsAra meM avatarita hotA hai| manuSya jIvanakAla meM pravrajyA grahaNa kara saMvRtAtmA zramaNa hokara mukta ho jAtA hai aura phira se malina hokara saMsAra meM avatarita hotA hai| yaha krama calatA hI rahatA hai| prastuta prasaMga krIr3A kA artha mAnasika prasannatA yA rAga tathA pradoSa kA artha dveSa hai| isa sandarbha meM vRttikAra aura cUrNikAra kA mata bhI abhinna hI hai / 1 bauddhadharma ke eka sampradAya meM tathA kucha anya vaiSNavAdi sampradAyoM meM bhI isa prakAra kI mAnyatA svIkRta hai| bauddhoM kA kathana hai ki sugata (buddha) Adi deva mokSAvasthA ko prApta karake bhI apane zAsana kA lopa yA tiraskAra dekhakara uddhArArtha saMsAra meM punaH avatarita hote hai / ' vaidika dharma ke mUrdhanya grantha bhagavadgItA meM dharma kA hrAsa aura adharma kA utthAna hone para muktAtmA ke saMsAra meM punaH avatarita hone kA spaSTa ullekha hai / 'jaba-jaba saMsAra meM dharma kI hAni aura adharma kI vRddhi hone lagatI hai, taba-taba maiM (muktAtmA) hI apane rUpa kA sRjana karatA huuN| sAdhu puruSoM kI rakSA, duSkRta kA nAza tathA dharma kI sthApanA karane ke liye maiM yuga-yuga meM janma (avatAra) letA huuN|' isa kathana meM mukti se saMsAra meM punarAgamana spaSTatayA vyakta hotA hai / ' sUtrakAra mukta AtmA ke saMsAra meM avatarita hone ke do kAraNoM kA ullekha karate hai- krIr3A evaM pradoSa / avatAravAdiyoM ke anusAra krIr3A kA artha lIlA 310 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana karmamala

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hai| ve kahate hai ki bhagavAna sajjanoM kI rakSA evaM durjanoM kA saMhAra karane rUpa lIlA karate hai / aise samaya meM jaba ve duSToM kA nAza karate hai, taba apane bhakta kI hara sambhava rakSA karate hai| aisA karate samaya unameM eka ke prati rAga evaM dUsare ke prati dveSa honA svAbhAvika hai / isaliye punarAgamana kA kAraNa yahA~ 'kIr3ApadoseNaM' pada dvArA abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai| avatAravAda kA khaNDana zAstrakAra ne avatAravAdiyoM ke mata ko mithyA evaM yuktirahita batAyA hai| eka bAra jo AtmA karmaraja se rahita hokara vizuddha Atma-svarUpa ko prApta kara letA hai, usake lie saMsAra meM punaH Agamana kaise sambhava hai ? kyoMki pratyeka kArya kisI na kisI kAraNa se hI utpanna hotA hai, yaha nyAya vAkya hai / jina muktAtmAoM ke mithyAdarzanAdi karmabaMdha ke kAraNa sampUrNataH samApta ho cuke hai evaM vizuddha, jyotirmaya AtmasvarUpa prakaTa ho cukA hai, ve puna: kisa kAraNa se karmaraja se yukta hokara saMsAra meM avatarita hote hai ? yadi muktAtmA kA saMsAra punarAgamana mAnA jAye to kaI doSApattiyA~ aayegii| meM 1. AtmA kI pUrNa vizuddhi rUpa antima mukti kA astitva khatare meM par3a jAyegA kyoMki AtmA jaba vahA~ se punaH saMsAra meM lauTatI hai, to yaha spaSTa ho tA hai ki yA to vaha pUrNa rUpa se mukta huA nahIM hai yA pUrNa karmakSaya rUpa antima mokSa nAma kA koI sthAna hI nahIM hai / 2. muktAtmA ko jaba saMsAra meM punaH AnA hI hai to vaha gayA hI kyoM ? yadi aisA kahe ki saMsAra meM sajjanoM kI rakSA evaM duSToM ke trAsa ko samApta karane kI karuNAmayI bhAvanA se prerita hokara hI vaha saMsAra meM AtA hai| to yaha kathana bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki saMsAra sadaiva duHkha evaM kleza se paripUrNa hai, thA aura rhegaa| aisA koI bhI samaya na AyA, na AyegA jaba saMsAra pUrNatayA duHkha aura kleza se rahita, sukhI ho jaaye| jaba vaha mukti meM gayA thA, taba kyA isa jagata meM duHkhoM kA abhAva ho gayA thA ? yadi duHkhAbhAva ho cukA thA to punaH usakA sadbhAva kisase aura kaise ho gayA, jise dUra karane hetu use avatAra lenA par3A ? 3. avatAravAdiyoM kI yaha mAnyatA kArya-kAraNabhAva siddhAnta ke bhI virUddha hai| jisa AtmA ke karmabIja sarvathA jala cuke hai, vaha AtmA punaH karmayukta kaise sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 311

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ho sakatI hai ? jisa prakAra bIja ke jala jAne para, naSTa ho jAne para usa kA aMkurita honA asambhava hai, usI prakAra karma rUpI bIja ke naSTa ho jAne para saMsAra rUpa aMkura kA phUTanA, punaH janma lenA pUrNatayA asambhava hai / ' 4. muktAtmA ke puna: saMsAra meM Ane se saMsAra tathA mokSa evaM saMsArI evaM mukta AtmA meM koI antara nahIM rahegA / mokSa evaM mukta AtmA ke astitva para bhI prazna cihna laga jAyegA kyoMki gItA meM kahA hai - yadgatvA na nivarttante taddhAma paramaM mama / jahA~ jAkara jIva punaH nahIM lauTate, vaha merA (paramAtmA) paramadhAma (siddha gati nAmaka sthAna) hai| 5. isa saMsAra meM japa-tapa-dhyAna-sAdhanA Adi jitanI bhI kriyAe~ kI jAtI hai, ina sabakA antima uddezya karma mukti aura mokSa prApti hI hai| yadi rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha Adi kaSAya mala se sarvathA mukta hone para bhI AtmA punaH unhIM meM lipta ho jAye to phira sArI dharmakriyAe~ vyartha ho jAyegI / 6. avatAravAdI aisA spaSTa mAnate hai ki mukta jIva rAga-dveSa se rahita hai / phira rAga-dveSa rahita vyakti ke liye svazAsana yA parazAsana kA bheda kahA~ rahA jAtA hai ? jo sAre saMsAra ko ekatva, Atmaupamya kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai, vahA~ apane-parAye kA bheda ho hI nahIM sktaa| jisakI Asakti, ahaMtA, mamatA Adi sArI azubhapravRttiyA~ naSTa ho cukI hai, jo rAga-dveSa rUpa samasta karmasamUha kA kSaya kara cuke hai, jo sampUrNa saMsAra aura samasta padArthoM ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnate hai, nindA aura stuti meM jinakI tulyavRtti hai, aise zuddha, niSpApa AtmA apane kA koI moha hai, na parAye kA koI dveSa / phira ve apane bhUtapUrva zAsana ke utthAna - patana kA vicAra kaise kara sakate hai ? svaanuSThAna se hI mukti avatAravAda ke vizleSaNa ke sAtha zAstrakAra ne vibhinna matavAdiyoM kI manovRtti kA paricaya bhI diyA hai, jo ekAnta Agraha rakhate hue svayaM ke mata meM hI siddhi prApta hone kA dAvA karate hai / 'sae sae uvaTThANe siddhimeva na annahA' arthAt 'manuSya hamAre mata meM pratipAdita anuSThAna karane se hI mukti ko prApta karatA hai, anya prakAra se nahIM / ' tAtpayArtha yaha hai ki kaI dArzanika ekAnta jJAna se yA kriyAkANDa se athavA aSTa bhautika aizvarya prApti se yA anya laukika 312 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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evaM yaugika upalabdhiyoM se siddhi kI prApti mAnate hai aura isa prakAra svamata kI prazaMsA karate hue usI meM Asakta evaM grasta rahate hai / " jaina darzana meM siddhi kA svarUpa jaina darzana meM ziva, acala, arUja, ananta, akSaya, avyAvAdha, apunarAvRtti (saMsAra meM punarAgamana se rahita) rUpa siddhigati kA svarUpa pratipAdita hai / yahA~ apunarAvRtti zabda ke ullekha se avatAravAda kA khaNDana ho jAtA hai / " siddhigati vaha hai, jahA~ jAne ke bAda AtmA punaH saMsAra meM nahIM lautttaa| jo prAvAduka isa prakAra kA kathana karate hai, ve yukti aura pramANa se rahita kapola kalpanA kA hI sahArA lete hai / ve bhrAmaka dhAraNAoM se itane grasta hote hai ki AtmA kI urdhvagAmitA ko bhI vismRta kara jAte hai, kyoMki jo AtmA carama utkarSa para pahu~ca gayI, usakA puna: patana kaise sambhava hogA ? jainadarzana ke anusAra jIva dravya kA svabhAva urdhvagatizIlatA hai, U~cA uThanA hai| jaba taka pratibaMdhaka dravya kA saMga yA baMdhana vidyamAna rahatA hai, tabhI taka vaha tirachI yA nIcI dizA meM gati karatA hai| jyoMhi karma kA Atyantika kSaya hotA hai, to jIva apane svabhAvAnusAra urdhvagati hI karatA hai| yahA~ urdhvagati ke liye tumbe aura eraNDa kA udAharaNa bhI diyA gayA hai / jaise - aneka lepa se yukta tumbA pAnI meM par3A rahatA hai, parantu lepa rahita hote hI vaha svabhAvata: pAnI ke Upara tairane lagatA hai| eraNDa bIja phalI ke phuTate hI chiTakakara Upara uThatA hai, usI prakAra AtmA jaba karma ke lepa se rahita hotA hai, to agni kI lau kI taraha urdhvagamana hI karatA hai / " tarkasamrAT AcArya siddhasena ne avatAravAdiyoM kI mohavRtti ko ujAgara karate hue kahA hai dagdhendhana punarUpaiti bhavaM pramathya, nirvANamapyanavadhArita bhIrU niSTham / mukta: svayaM kRtabhavazca parArthazUrama, tvacchAsanapratihateSviha moharAjyam // 'he vItarAga prabho ! Apake zAsana ko ThukArane vAle vyaktiyoM para moha kA prabala sAmrAjya chAyA huA hai / ve kahate hai ki jina AtmAoM ne karmarUpI IMdhana ko jalAkara saMsAra kA nAza kara diyA hai, ve bhI mokSa ko chor3akara punaH saMsAra meM avatarita hote hai / svayaM mukta ho hue bhI zarIra dhAraNa karake puna: saMsArI banate hai| kevala dUsaroM ko mukti dilAne meM zUravIra banakara vaha kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta kA vicAra kiye binA hI loka bhIrU banate hai / yaha hai apanI AtmA kA vicAra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 313

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kiye binA hI dUsaroM kI AtmAoM kA uddhAra yA sudhAra karane kI mUDhatA / ''2 samIkSA uparokta vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki avatAravAda kI mAnyatA nirmUla aura AdhArahIna hai| isaliye zAstrakAra maharSi ina avatAravAdiyoM tathA jo svakalpita siddhi meM hI mukti kI prApti mAnate hai evaM usI kI prazasti karate hue apane Azaya meM Asakta hai, unake ekAnta Agraha ko mithyAtva se grasta mAnate hai / ye tathAkathita laukika siddhivAdI vAstavika siddhi se dUra hokara anAdi saMsAra meM anantakAla taka vividha yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa karate rahate haiM / prathama zrutaskandha ke 15veM AdAna adhyayana kI 7vIM gAthA meM bhI avatAravAda kA isI prakAra khaNDana kiyA gayA hai ki jo puruSa koI karma nahIM karatA, usake navIna karmoM kA baMdha nahIM hotaa| vaha puruSa aSTavidha karmoM ko jAnakara aisA puruSArtha karatA hai, jisase vaha na to kabhI saMsAra meM janma letA hai, na kabhI maratA hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 43 : terAsiiyA idANiM te vi kaDavAdino ceva / sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 45: trairAzikA gozAlaka matAnusAriNaH / (a) naMdiharibhadrayA vRtti pR. 87 : trairAzikAzcAjIvikA evocyante / (ba) samavAyAMgavRtti abhayadevasUri pR. - 130 : te eva ca AjIvakAstrairAzikA bhaNitAH // - - (ka) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 43 : sa mokSa prAptato'pi bhUtvAkIlAvaNappadoseNa rajasA avatAste / tasya hi svazAsana puNyamAnaM dRSTvA anyazAsanAnya pUjya mAnAni cakrIr3A bhavati, mAnasa pramoda ityartha, apUjyamAne va pradoSa: nirmalapaTavadupa bhujyamAnaH kRSNAni karmANyupacitya sva gauravAttena rajasA'vatAryate / (kha) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 46 jJAnino dharma tIrthasya karttAraH paramaM padam / gatvA''gacchanti bhUyo'pi bhavaM tIrthanikArataH // zrImad bhagavadgItA a. 4 / 7-8 : yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhArata / abhyutthAnaM adharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham / / 7 / / paritrANAya sAdhUnAM vinAzAya ca duSkRtAm / dharma saMsthApanArthAya sambhavAmi yuge yuge // 8 // 314 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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7. tatvArtharAjavartika bhAga - 2, a. 10, sUtra - 2 dagdhe bIje yathAtyantaM prAdurbhavati naaNkurH| karmabIje tathA dagdhe na rohati bhavAMkura // IzopaniSad : yasmin sarvANi bhUtAnyAtvamaivAbhUd vijaanteH| tatra ko moha: ka: zoka ekatvamanupazyata: ? // 9 // (kha) bhagavadgItA a. 13/19 : tulyanindAstutimaunI santuSTo yena kena cit|| (ka) zaiva : dIkSAta: eva mokSa: (kha) sAMkhya 'paMcaviMzatitatvajJo ....... mucyate nAtra saMzaya' (ga) vaizeSika (prazastavAda bhASya) 'navAnAmAtmaguNAnAmucchedo mokssH|' (gha) vedAntadarzana - Rte jJAnAnna: mukti| (ca) amarakoza - aNimA mahimA ceva garimA laghimA tthaa| prAptiprAkAmyamIzitvaM, vazitvaM cASTa siddhy| lalita vistarA tatvArtha rAjavArtika, a. -10, sU. 6/7 siddhasenakRta dvaatriNshtdvaatriNshikaa| 11. lokavAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM usa yuga meM bahucarcita lokavAda kI bhI mImAMsA kI gayI hai| isameM usa yuga meM pracalita paurANika mAnyatAoM kA ullekha isa prakAra huA hai 'isa jagat meM kucha logoM kA aisA kathana hai ki 'lokavAda- paurANika kathA yA siddhAnta ko sunanA caahie| jo ki viparIta prajJA se utpanna hai tathA anyoM dvArA ukta artha kA anusaraNa karatA hai|' 'kucha loga aisA mAnate hai ki yaha loka ananta, nitya aura zAzvata hai, usakA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotaa| kintu kucha (vyAsa) dhIra puruSoM kA yaha kathana hai ki yaha loka nitya hone para bhI sAnta, parimita hai|' ___'isa loka meM kinhIM paurANikoM kA yaha mantavya hai ki Izvara yA avatAra atIndriya padArthoM kA draSTA hone se sImAtIta (ananta) padArthoM ko jAnatA avazya hai kintu sarvakSetra-kAla meM padArthoM kA jJAtA, sarvajJa nahIM hai| vaha parimita padArthoM kA jJAtA puruSa hai, aisA dhIra puruSa kA atidarzana hai|' sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 315

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prastuta zloka meM sUtrakAra ne lokavAda ko sunane aura jAnane kA nirdeza kiyA hai| lokavAda ke do artha hai -2 1. anya tIrthikoM tathA paurANikoM ke loka sambandhI vicAra | 2. lokamAnyatA- anya tIrthikoM kI dhArmika mAnyatA / 'loka' zabda ke tIna artha kiye jA sakate hai - jagat, pASaNDa aura gRhastha / yahA~ isakA prathama artha prAsaMgika pratIta hotA hai| cUrNikAra ne pASaNDa tathA gRhastha ye do artha mAnya kiye hai| jabaki vRttikAra ne pASaNDa tathA paurANika ye do artha prastuta kiye hai| cUrNikAra ne laukika mata ko kucha udAharaNoM dvArA samajhAyA hai / ' jaise - santAnahIna kA loka nahIM hotA / jo putrahIna hai, usakI gati nahIM hotI, svarga to kadApi nahIM milatA / 'aputrasya gatirnAsti, svargo naiva ca naiva c|' gAya ko mArane vAle kA loka nahIM hotaa| isa mata ke anusAra 'brAhmaNo hi devatA' brAhmaNa ko devatA, 'zvAno yakSA: ' kutte ko yakSa tathA kauoM ko pitAmaha mAnA jAtA hai| lokavAda kA prArambha zAstrakAra ne lokavAda ko carcA kA viSaya banAyA hai, isase yaha anumAna hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke usa yuga meM pUraNakazyapa, maMkhalI gozAlaka, ajita kezakaMbala, pakuddha kAtyAyana, gautama buddha evaM saMjaya velaTThiputta Adi kaI tathAkathita tIrthaMkara evaM sarvajJa mAne jAte the tathA vaidika paurANikoM meM vyAsa, bAdarAyaNa, bhAradvAja, pArAzara, hArIta, manu Adi bhI the, jinheM janamAnasa sarvajJAtA ke rUpa meM mAnatA thaa| unase agama - nigama kI, loka-paraloka kI, prANI ke maraNottara avasthA kI tathA pratyakSa dRzyamAna sRSTi (loka) kI utpatti, sthiti tathA pralaya kI carcAe~ hotI / jo vyakti yuktipUrvaka janamAnasa meM apanI bAta biThA detA, use andhavizvAsapUrvaka avatArI, sarvajJa yA purANapuruSa mAna liyA jaataa| kaI bAra aise loga apane andhavizvAsI logoM meM brAhmaNa, kuttA, gAya Adi prANiyoM ke sandarbha meM apanI sarvajJatA pramANita karane ke liye Azcaryajanaka, visaMgata evaM vicitra mAnyatAe~ phailA dete the / lokavAda kI vicitra mAnyatAe~ kinhIM kA yaha mata hai ki 'aNaMte niie loe' loka ananta hai / vRttikAra ananta ke do artha kiye haiM - ananta arthAt jisakA niranvaya nAza nahIM hotA / 316 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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tAtparya yaha hai ki pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, vanaspati tathA ekendriya se lekara paMcendriya taka jitane bhI prANI hai, unakA sammilita rUpa hI loka hai| isa loka kA kabhI niranvaya nAza nahIM hotaa| anvaya arthAt vaMza (nsl)| jisa vaMza kA kabhI bhI vinAza nahIM hotA, vaha niranvaya hai| spaSTa hai ki isa janma meM jo jaisA hai, vaha paraloka meM bhI, yahA~ taka ki sadAkAla ke liye vaisA hI utpanna hotA hai| puruSa, puruSa hI hotA hai, strI, strI hI hotI hai| athavA ananta kA dUsarA artha yaha bhI sambhava hai ki aparimita, avadhizUnya loka kI kAlakRta koI avadhi nahIM hai| yaha tInoM kAloM meM vidyamAna rahatA hai|' vRttikAra ne kisI bhI mata kA ullekha na karate hue likhA hai ki yaha loka zAzvata hai arthAt bAra-bAra utpanna nahIM hotaa| sadaiva vartamAna rahatA hai| yadyapi dvayaNuka Adi kAryadravyoM kI utpatti kI dRSTi se yaha zAzvata nahIM hai tathApi kAraNadravya paramANu rUpa se isakI utpatti kadApi nahIM hotI, isaliye yaha zAzvata hai| unake anusAra kAla, dizA, AkAza, AtmA aura paramANu Adi kA kabhI vinAza nahIM hotaa| isa sAMkhyamata kA ullekha hai| cUrNikAra ke anusAra sAMkhyamatAvalambI loka ko ananta aura nitya mAnate hai| yaha loka nitya hai arthAt utpatti-vinAza rahita, sadaiva sthira, eka sarIkhe svabhAva vAlA hai| kyoMki unake dvArA sammata 'puruSa' tatva sarvavyApI, kuTastha nitya aura apariNamanazIla hai|' kinhIM paurANikoM ke anusAra 'aMtavaM Niie loe' yaha loka antavAn hai arthAt jisakA anta hotA hai, yA jo sasIma hai| paurANika yaha mAnate hai ki kSetropekSayA yaha loka sAta dvIpa aura sAta samudra parimANa vAlA hai| vaha kAla kI dRSTi se nitya hai kyoMki pravAha rUpa se Aja bhI dikhAyI detA hai| uparokta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki loka ke viSaya meM lokavAdiyoM kI paraspara virodhI mAnyatAe~ hai| koI loka ko nitya, ananta aura zAzvat kahatA hai, to koI use nitya hone para bhI sAnta kahatA hai| isa prakAra ke virodhI mantavya vyAsAdi dhIra puruSoM kA atidarzana hai| atidarzana se tAtparya hai ki vastu svarUpa ko dekhane kA atikramaNa / arthAt jo vastu jaisI hai, use vaise hI svarUpa meM na dekhnaa| vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA darzana usI ko ho sakatA hai, jisakI dRSTi samyak ho| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 317

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lokavAdiyoM kI Izvara ke sarvajJatva viSayaka yuktivirUddha dhAraNAe~ zAstrakAra ne lokavAda ke sandarbha meM Izvara kI sarvajJatA sambandhI paurANika mAnyatAoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA hai| yahA~ sarvajJavAdI do prakAra kA abhimata prastuta karate hai - 1. Izvara (sarvajJa) ananta, aparimita padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, ata: ananta jJAna kA dhAraka hai| vaha atIndriya padArthoM kA jJAtA hai| usakA jJAna sarvatra apratihata hotA hai| 2. Izvara aparimita padArthoM kA jJAtA avazya hai parantu vaha sarvajJa nahIM hai| vaha tiryaga, urdhva aura adholoka ko kSetra aura kAla kI dRSTi se parimita rUpa meM hI jAnatA hai|" vRttikAra ne isakA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai- kucha matAvalambiyoM ke anusAra koI sarvajJa nahIM hotaa| atIndriyadraSTA RSi kSetra kI dRSTi se aparimita kSetra ko, kAla kI dRSTi se aparimita kAla ko jAnate hai| aparimita kA dUsarA tAtparya hai- Avazyaka tattvoM ke jJAtA RSi atIndriya dRSTA hai arthAt atIndriya dRSTA tathAkathita tIrthaMkara aparimita jJAnI hokara bhI jo atIndriya padArtha upayogI ho, kisI prayojana meM Ate ho, unhIM ko jAnate hai| jaise ki AjIvaka matAnuyAyI apane tIrthaMkara maMkhalI gozAlaka ke viSaya meM kahate hai -12 tIrthaMkara sabhI padArthoM ko dekhe yA na dekhe, jo abhISTa yA mokSopayogI padArtha hai, unheM dekha le, itanA hI kAphI hai| kIr3oM kI saMkhyA jAnane se hameM kyA prayojana ? arthAt kIr3oM kI saMkhyA kA jJAna nirarthaka hai| usa jJAna se kisI kA prayojana siddha nahIM hotaa| ___ 'ataeva hameM usake (tIrthaMkara) anuSThAna sambandhI yA karttavyAkarttavya sambandhI jJAna kA hI vicAra karanA caahie| agara dUradarzI ko hI pramANa mAneMge to phira hama una dUra-dUra taka dekhane vAle giddhoM ke upAsaka mAne jaayeNge| __yaha mata sarvajJa ko pUrNa jJAtA na mAnane vAle anyatIrthikoM kA hai| isI Azaya se zAstrakAra ne isa gAthA ke uttarArdha meM 'savvattha saparimANaM' pada prayukta kiyA hai| athavA dUsarA mata yaha hai ki samasta deza kAloM meM sthita padArtha samaha parimANa yukta hai, parimita hai, ata: kSetra aura kAla kI dRSTi se parimita ko hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| 318 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sUtrakAra ne isa gAthA ke pUrvArdha meM paurANika mAnyatA ko pradarzita kiyA hai, vahIM uttarArdha meM AjIvakoM ke mAnya tIrthaMkara kI jJAna sImA batAI hai| athavA anya prakAra se dekhA jAya to sampUrNa gAthA meM paurANika mata kA hI prarUpaNa hai| purANa ke anusAra brahmAjI kA eka dina cAra hajAra yugoM kA hotA hai aura rAtri bhI itanI hI hotI hai / " brahmAjI dina meM jaba padArthoM kI sRSTi karate hai, taba unheM sabhI padArthoM kA aparimita jJAna hotA hai, kintu rAta meM jaba ve sote hai, to unheM parimita jJAna bhI nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra parimita ajJAna hone ke kAraNa unameM jJAna aura ajJAna donoM kI sambhAvanA parilakSita hotI hai / athavA ve kahate hai- 'brahmAjI eka hajAra divya varSa soye rahate hai, usa samaya ve kucha bhI nahIM dekhate aura jaba utane hI kAla taka ve jAgate hai, taba ve dekhate hai / " isa prakAra bahuta se lokavAda pracalita hai| lokavAda kA khaNDana zAstrakAra ne lokavAda kI mithyA mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| kucha dArzanika loka ko nitya mAnate hue kahate hai ki ' trasa prANI sadaiva trasa hI rahate hai tathA sthAvara prANI sadaiva sthAvara hI rahate hai| trasa kabhI sthAvara nahIM hote tathA sthAvara kabhI trasa nahIM hote / puruSa marakara puruSa hI hotA hai aura strI marakara strI hI banatI hai / ' parantu lokavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana sarvathA asatya hai / AcArAMga sUtra meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne spaSTata: isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai ki sthAvara pRthvIkAyAdi jIva trasa dvIndriyAdi ke rUpa meM utpanna ho jAte hai aura sa jIva sthAvara ke rUpa meM utpanna ho jAte hai / athavA saMsArI jIva sabhI yoniyoM meM utpanna ho sakate hai| ajJAnI jIva apane-apane karmoM se pRthak-pRthak rUpa racate hai / " yadi lokavAda satya ho ki jo prANI isa janma meM jaisA hai, agale janma bhI vaisA hI hotA hai, taba to tapa-japa-yama-niyama-saMyama Adi samasta anuSThAna vyartha ho jaayeNge| yadi sAmAnya gRhastha bhavAntara meM bhI gRhastha hI banegA to devagati yA uccagati ke liye kyoM koI sAdhanA yA tapasyA karegA ? kyoMki usa zubhAnuSThAna seto kucha bhI parivartana honA nahIM hai / lokavAdI eka tarapha loka ko kUTastha nitya mAnate hai parantu dUsarI tarapha jIvoM kA eka paryAya se dUsarI paryAya meM utpanna honA mAnakara apanI hI bAta sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 319

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kA khaNDana karate hai| .. sa vai eSa zRgAlo jAyate ya: sapurISo dhyte| arthAt vaha puruSa zRgAla (siyAra) hotA hai, jo viSThA sahita jalAyA jAtA tathA - guruM tukRtya huMkRtya, viprAnnirjitya vaadtH| zmasAne jAyate vRkSa:, kaMka gRdhropsevitH|| arthAt jo guru ke prati tuM yA huM kahakara avinayapUrNa vyavahAra karatA hai, tathA brAhmaNoM ko vAda meM parAjita kara detA hai, vaha marakara zmasAna meM vRkSa hotA hai, jo kaMka, giddha Adi nIca pakSiyoM ke dvArA sevita hotA hai| uparokta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki trasa evaM sthAvara prANiyoM kA apane-apane karmAnusAra paryAya parivartana hotA rahatA hai| isI tathya ko smRtikAra ne bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| 've manuSya zarIra se hone vAle karmadoSoM ke kAraNa sthAvara bana jAte hai, ve andara suSupta prajJAvAn tathA sukha-du:kha se yukta hote hai|' ___vRttikAra ne lokavAda kI mithyA mAnyatA kA hetu aura pramANa purassara khaNDana kiyA hai| vRttikAra ke anusAra yadi lokavAdI loka ko, padArthoM kI apanIapanI jAti kA nAza nahIM hone se nitya mAnate hai, to isa mAnyatA se to jainadarzanamAnya pariNAmI nityatva pakSa kI hI svIkRti hogI parantu yadi ve aisA na mAnakara padArthoM ko utpatti-vinAzarahita, sthira, eka svabhAva vAle mAnakara loka ko nitya mAnate hai, to yaha mAnyatA pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita hai, kyoMki jagat kA koI bhI padArtha utpatti-vinAza rahita, sthira, eka svabhAva vAlA nahIM dekhA jaataa| sabhI padArtha pratikSaNa paryAya rUpa se utpanna tathA vinaSTa hote hue dikhAyI dete hai| ata: paryAyarahita kuTastha padArtha kI mAnyatA sarvathA mithyA hai|" lokavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana ki, 'sAta dvIpoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa yaha loka antavAn (parimita) hai' asaMgata hai| kyoMki isa bAta ko siddha karane vAlA koI bhI pramANa nahIM hai| isI prakAra 'putrahIna puruSa kI gati nahIM hotI' yaha kathana bhI yukti virUddha hai| yadi putra ke astitva se hI viziSTa gati kI prApti sambhava ho taba to samasta loka kutte aura suaroM se paripUrNa ho jAyegA kyoMki inake bahuta putra hote hai| putra ke dvArA kiye gaye anuSThAna-vizeSa se viziSTa gati kI 320 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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prApti mAnane para do ApattiyA~ A pdd'egii| eka hI pitA ke do putra hone para eka putra ke zubhAnuSThAna ke prabhAva se vaha pitA zubhaloka meM jAyegA athavA dUsare putra ke azubhAnuSThAna ke prabhAva se azubha loka meM jAyegA ? aisI sthiti meM svakRta karma niSphala ho jaayeNge| ___ kutte yakSa hai, brAhmaNa deva hai Adi kathana bhI yuktizUnya hI hai| _lokavAdiyoM kI sarvajJa viSayaka dhAraNA bhI nirAdhAra evaM bhrAntipUrNa hai, kyoMki jo puruSa aparimita padArthoM kA jJAtA hai, atIndriya draSTA hai, phira bhI yadi sarvajJa nahIM hai, to vaha heya-jJeya-upAdeya padArthoM kA upadeza dene meM samartha nahIM ho sktaa| ____ aparimita padArthadarzI ke liye kITa saMkhyA kA parijJAna bhI Avazyaka hai| anyathA buddhimAna puruSa aisA AkSepa kareMge ki jaise kIr3oM kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM ajJAna hai, vaise hI anya vastuoM ke viSaya meM bhI ajJAna kI pUrNa sambhAvanA hai| isa prakAra sarvajJa kA jJAna zaMkAspada ho jAyegA, jisase unake dvArA upadiSTa heyopAdeya meM nivRtti-pravRtti nahIM ho skeNgii| ata: aparimita padArthoM kA jJAtA mAnane ke sAtha use sarvajJa mAnanA bhI atyAvazyaka hai| isI prakAra sote samaya brahmA kucha nahIM jAnate evaM jAgate samaya saba kucha jAnate hai, yaha kathana bhI hAsyAspada hai| kyoMki sabhI prANiyoM meM sote samaya ajJAna dazA aura jAgate samaya jJAnadazA hotI hai| lokavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana bhI pramANa zUnya hai ki brahmA ke sone para jagat kA pralaya aura jAgane para udaya (sRSTi) hotA hai| vAstava meM isa jagat meM dRzyamAna samasta padArthoM kA ekAnta rUpa se na utpAda hotA hai, na vinAza / dravya rUpa se jagat sadaiva vidyamAna rahatA hai, parantu paryAya rUpa se padArthoM meM parivartana pratikSaNa hotA rahatA hai| ___zAstrakAra ne inhIM bhAvoM ko gAthA ke uttarArdha meM prastuta kiyA hai| jo trasa aura sthAvara prANI isa vizva meM sthita hai, unakA paryAya parivartana avazyambhAvI hai| trasa jIva marakara trasa hI hote hai arthAt isa jagat meM jo jaisA hai, vaha bhavAntara meM bhI vaisA hI hotA hai, yaha lokavAdI dhAraNA mithyA hai| samasta jIva apane karmAnusAra hI paryAya ko prApta karate hai| ata: lokavAda kI mAnyatAe~ ekAnta tathA yuktivirUddha hone se anavadhAraNIya hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 321

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/1/4/5-7 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 49 lokavAda: / sandarbha evaM TippaNI - sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 46, lokavAda stAvat - anapatyasya lokA na santi, gAvAntA: - narakA: tathA gobhirhatasya gohanasya nAsti lokaH / tathA lokAnAM pAkhaNDinAM paurANikAnAM vA vAdo 46 lokA nAma pASaNDA gRhiNazca / 49- lokAnAM pAkhaNDinAM paurANikAnAM vA / - jesiM suNayA jakkhA, vippA devA pitAmahA kAyA / te loga duvviyaDDA, dukkhaM mokkhA vibodhituM // - - sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 49 nAsyAnto 'stItyanantaH na niranvaya nAzena nazyatItyuktaM bhvtiiti| tathAhi yo yAdRgihabhave satAdRgeva parabhave'pyutpadyate, puruSa puruSa eva, aGganA aGganaivetyAdi / vahI, : yadivA ananta aparimito niravadhika iti yAvat / vahI, ...tathA zazvadbhavatIti zAzvato dvayaNukAdikArya dravyApekSayA'zazvad bhavannapi na kAraNa dravyaM paramANutvaM parityajatIti tathA na vinazyatIti digAtmAkAzAdyapekSayA / sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 47- sAMkhyA : teSAM sarvagataH kSetrajJaH kUTasthaH grahaNam / vahI - 47 - yathA paurANikAnAM saptadrIpA: saptasamudrA: kSetraloka parimANam, kAlatastu nityaH / (ka) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 46- keSAJcita sarvajJavAdinAM anantajJAnaM sarvatra cApratihatamiti sarvatreti tiryagUrdhvamadhazceti kSetrata: kAlataH / (kha) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - (ka) sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1/1/4/7 (kha) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 50, - 50 aparimitajJo'sAvatIndriya dRSTA na punaH sarvajJa iti, yadi vA aparimitajJa ityabhipretArthAtIndriyadarzIti / - tathA coktam sarva pazyatu mA vA mA iSTamarthaM tu pazyatu / kITa saMkhyA parijJAnaM, tasya naH kvopayujyate // tasmAdanuSThAnagataM jJAnamasya vicAryatAm / pramANaM duradarzI cedete gRddhAnupAsmahe // purANa - 'caturyuga sahasrANi brahmaNo dinamucyate / ' (ka) sU. zI. vR. patra - 50 divyaM varSa sahasramasau svapiti, tasyAmavasthAyAM na 322 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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16. 17. pazcatyasau tAvanmAnaM kAlaM ca jAgarti, tatra ca pshytysaaviti| tadevaM bhUto bahudhA lokavAda: prvRtH| (kha) sUtrakRtAMga amarasukhabodhinI vyAkhyA pra.zru. pR. - 267 AcArAMga sUtra - 1/9/1/54 aduthAvarA tasattAe, tasa jIvA ya thaavrttaae| aduvA savvajoNiyA sattA, kammuNA kappiyA puDho vaataa|| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 50 smRti : antaHprajJA bhavantyete, sukhduHkhsmnvitaa| zarIrajai karmadoSairyAnti sthAvaratAM nraaH|| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 50 vahI vahI vahI, pR. 51 18. 19. 20. 21 22. 12. sUtrakRtAMga meM vibhinna mokSavAdiyoM kI mithyAdhAraNAe~ sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM vibhinna dArzanika matoM kA vistAra se varNana upalabdha hotA hai| inake adhyayana se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki mahAvIra kA yuga sampradAyoM kI bahulatA kA yuga rahA hogA / ina sabhI kI cintanadhArA jIva, jagata aura Izvara athavA mokSa ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI pravAhita huii| sUtrakRtAMga meM ina sabhI dArzanika tattvoM ke vizleSaNa ke sAtha kucha aisI vicitra mAnyatAoM kA bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, jo ina sabhI se haTakara nityabhojI, sacitta jala evaM vanaspati bhakSaNa dvArA hI mokSa prApti kA kathana karate hai| tRtIya upasarga parijJA adhyayana meM inakA varNana isa prakAra prastuta huA hai -1 ___(kucha zithila zramaNa aisA kahate hai) atItakAla meM kucha aise bhI tapasvI hue hai, jo sacitta jala se snAna Adi karate hue siddhi ko prApta hue hai| videhI nami rAjA ne bhojana chor3akara, (rAjarSi) rAmaputra ne bhojana karate hue tathA bAhuka aura tArAgaNa RSi ne kevala jala pIte hue mokSa ko prApta kiyA thaa| isI prakAra asila- devila, dvaipAyana aura pArAzara Adi maharSiyoM ne sacitta, bIja, jala aura harita kA sevana karate hue siddhi prApta kI thii| aisA socakara mandabuddhi bhikSu viSAda ko prApta hote haiM tathA bhAra ko bIca sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 323

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meM hI DAla dene vAle gadhe kI bhA~ti ve asnAna Adi vratoM ko bIca meM hI chor3a dete hai| tathA kaThinAI ke samaya mokSa kI ora prasthAna karane vAle mumukSuoM se paMgu kI bhA~ti pIche raha jAte hai| yahA~ sUtrakAra ne zithila bhikSu ke AcaraNa ko gardabha kI upamA dvArA upamita karate hue sAgopAMga varNana prastuta kiyA hai| jaise gadhA adhika bhAra ko sahana na kara sakane ke kAraNa mArga ke bIca meM hI DAlakara gira jAtA hai, usI prakAra zithila AcaraNa vAle bhikSu mahAvrata rUpI saMyama ke bhAra ko vahana karane meM asamartha ho jAte haiN| isa vivecana kA phalitArtha yaha hai ki kucha zithila zramaNa yaha kahate hai ki prAcIna kAla meM kucha aise tapasvI bhI hue hai, jo upavAsAdi tapa na karate, uSNa jala na pIte, phala, phUla Adi khAte, phira bhI unheM jaina pravacana meM mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| itanA hI nahIM, unheM mukta bhI mAnA gayA hai| ina mahApuruSoM kA mahApuruSa evaM arhat ke rUpa meM RSibhAsita nAmaka atiprAcIna jaina pravacanAnusArI zrUta meM spaSTa ullekha hai| isake AdhAra para zithila zramaNa yaha kahane ke liye taiyAra hote hai ki yadi ye loga ThaNDA pAnI pIkara, nirantara bhojI hokara evaM phalaphUlAdi khAkara mahApuruSa bane hai evaM mukta hue hai, to hama aisA kyoM nahIM kara sakate ? isa prakAra ke hetvAbhAsa dvArA ye zithila zramaNa AcAra evaM vicAra se bhraSTa hote hai| prastuta do zlokoM meM 7 RSiyoM ke nAma ginAye gaye hai - 1. vaidehi nami 2. rAmagupta 3. bAhuka 4. tArAgaNa 5. asila-devila 6. dvaipAyana aura 7. paaraashr| 'iha saMmayA' isa pada ke dvArA sUtrakAra ne yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki ye mahApuruSa jaina granthoM meM varNita hai| tathA 'aNussuyaM' pada ke dvArA bhArata Adi purANoM meM bhI inake varNana kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| cUrNikAra ke anusAra ye sabhI rAjarSi aura pratyekabuddha the| inameM se vaidehi nAma kI carcA uttarAdhyayana ke nauveM adhyayana meM prApta hai| zeSa rAjarSiyoM kI carcA RSibhAsita nAmaka grantha meM hai| kintu vartamAna meM upalabdha RSibhAsita grantha meM pArAzara RSi kA nAma prApta nahIM hai| isa grantha meM sabake nAma se eka-eka adhyayana hai aura ina adhyayanoM meM unake viziSTa vicAra saMgrahita hai| 1. vaidehi nami - videha rAjya meM do nami hue hai| donoM apane-2 rAjya ko chor3akara pravrajita hue| eka tIrthaMkara hue, eka pratyeka buddh| prastuta sandarbha 324 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana national

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meM pratyekabuddha nami kA kathana hai| ye kisake tIrthakAla meM hue, yaha jJAta nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana ke nauve adhyayana nami pravrajyA meM abhiniSkramaNa ke samaya brAhmaNa vezadhArI indra aura nami ke bIca hue saMvAda kA sundara saMkalana hai| inake pitA kA nAma yugabAhu aura mAtA kA nAma madanarekhA thA / ' 2. rAmagupta ye pArzvanAtha ke tIrthakAla meM hone vAle pratyekabuddha hai / ' RSibhASita ke tIsaveM adhyayana meM rAmaputra arhatarSi ke vacana saMkalita hai|' isa gadyAtmaka adhyayana meM kevala tIna gadyAMza hai / vRttikAra ne 'rAmautte' kA saMskRta rUpa rAmagupta kiyA hai|' prAkRta 'utta' zabda ke tIna saMskRta rUpa ho sakate hai - upta, gupta evaM putr| - 3. bAhuka - ye ariSTanemi ke samaya meM hue eka pratyekabuddha hai|' RSibhAsita ke 14veM adhyayana meM inake subhASita saMkalita hai|' yaha adhyayana bhI gadyAtmaka hai / nala kA eka nAma bAhuka bhI hai| ' 10 4. tArAgaNa - RSibhAsita ke 36 veM adhyayana meM inake vicAra ullikhita hai| isameM 17 padya hai| prArambha meM unake nAma ke Age 'vittaNa' zabda hai / " RSibhAsita saMgrahaNI gAthA meM inakA ullekha 'vitta' nAma se kiyA gayA hai / " parantu 'vitta' zabda unakA vizeSaNa hI honA cAhiye / vRttikAra ne 'nArAyaNa' pATha mAnA hai / 1 2 5. Asila- devila RSibhAsita ke tIsare adhyayana kA nAma 'davilajjhayaNA' hai| isake prArambha meM 'asieNa davileNa arahatA isiNA buitaM' aisA pATha hai| yahA~ asita gautra evaM davila RSi kA nAma ho sakatA hai, aisA puNyavijayajI ma. ne mAnA hai / " vRttikAra ne Asila tathA devila ko pRthakpRthak RSi mAnA hai|'' ye ariSTanemi ke tIrthakAla meM hue pratyekabuddha hai|'' mahAbhArata meM anake sthaloM para 'asitadevala' nAmaka prasiddha RSi kA ullekha prApta hotA haiN|'' yAjJavalkya kI aparAditya racita vyAkhyA meM devala RSi kA saMvAda uddhRta hai / " mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM devala- nArada saMvAda kA bhI ullekha prApta hotA hai| vRddha devala ke sammukha upasthita hokara nArada ne bhUtoM kI utpatti aura pralaya ke viSaya meM jijJAsA prakaTa kI thI aura devala maharSi ne usakA samAdhAna diyA thaa| isI prakAra vAyupurANa meM bhI devala ke uddharaNa prApta hote hai / " ye sAMkhya darzana ke eka AcArya ke rUpa meM prasiddha the, jo sAMkhyakArikA ke racayitA IzvarakRSNa se pahale ho cuke the / " 6. dvIpAyana - ye mahAvIra ke tIrthakAla meM hue pratyekabuddha haiN| 20 RSibhAsita sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 325 -

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ke 40veM adhyayana meM inake vacana saMkalita hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra yaha mAnA gayA hai ki maharSi pArAzara ke dvArA satyavatI ke garbha se utpanna munivara vedavyAsa yamunA ke dvIpa meM chor3e diye gaye, isaliye inakA nAma dvaipAyana (dvIpAyana) pdd'aa| 7. pArAzara - RSibhAsita meM inakA nAmollekha prApta nahIM hai| mahAbhArata meM pArAzarya aura parAzara nAma ke RSiyoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai|2 aupapAtika sUtra meM ATha brAhmaNa parivrAjakoM tathA ATha kSatriya parivrAjakoM kA ullekha milatA hai - 1. kaNDU 2. karakaNTa 3. aMbaDa 4. parAzara 5. kRSNa 6. dvIpAyana 7 devagupta aura 8. nArada, ye ATha brAhmaNa parivrAjaka hai| 1. zIladhI 2. zazidhara 3. nagnaka 4. bhagnaka 5. videha 6. rAjarAja 7. rAjArAma 8. bala, ye ATha kSatriya parivrAjaka hai| vahA~ inakI tapasyA kA vistAra se nirUpaNa huA hai| ina parivrAjakoM ko sAMkhya, yogI, kapila, bhArgava, haMsa, paramahaMsa, bahuudaka, kulIvrata tathA kRSNa parivrAjaka ina sampradAyoM ke antargata mAnA gayA hai| inameM parAzara, dvIpAyana, videha ye tIna nAma prastuta carcA se sambaddha hai| rAma rAmaputra kA saMkSipta rUpa ho sakatA hai| cUrNikAra ne prastuta zlokoM kI cUrNi meM sabako rAjarSi mAnA hai| kintu aupapAtika sUtra ke sandarbha meM yaha mImAMsanIya hai| parAzara aura dvIpAyana- ye brAhmaNa RSi hI pratIta hote hai| cUrNikAra ne batAyA hai ki ye saba pratyekabuddha vanavAsI the aura bIja, hArita Adi kA bhojana karate the| vahA~ rahate huye unheM viziSTa prakAra ke jJAna prApta hue| usa samaya ke loga ina RSiyoM kI jJAnopalabdhi kI tulanA bharata ko Adarza gRha meM utpanna jJAnopalabdhi se karate the| cUrNikAra ne isa tarka ke samAdhAna meM yaha likhA hai ki bharata cakravartI ko gRhasthAvasthA meM jJAna tabhI utpanna huA thA, jaba ve bhAvasAdhu bana gaye the tathA 4 ghAtI karmoM kA nAza ho cukA thaa| praznakAra yaha nahIM jAnate ki kisa avasthA meM viziSTa jJAna utpanna hotA hai aura kisa saMhanana meM mukti hotI hai ? isaliye ve kaha dete hai ki ye RSi kandamUla Adi khAte hue, agni kA samArambha karate hue siddha hue hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke saptama adhyayana meM kuzIla kI vyAkhyA ke sandarbha meM bhI kucha isI se milatA-julatA varNana upalabdha hotA hai| 'isa jagata meM kucha mUDha manuSya namaka na khAne se mokSa batAte hai, kucha sajIva jala se snAna karane se tathA kucha havana karane se mokSa kI prApti batAte hai| 326 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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prAta:kAlIna snAna Adi se mokSa nahIM hotaa| kSAra tathA namaka ke na khAne se bhI mokSa nahIM hotaa| ve anyatIrthI mokSavAdI madya, mA~sa tathA lahasuna khAkara mokSa kI parikalpanA kaise karate hai.77 isI sandarbha meM niyuktikAra ne nAmollekhapUrvaka kuzIloM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| mahAvIrakAlIna ina dharma sampradAyoM ke AcAra kA varNana aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne inake AcAra kA kucha vistAra se varNana kiyA hai 1. gautama - ye mazakajAtIya dharma sampradAya ke saMnyAsI govratika haiM, jo baila ko nAnA prakAra se prazikSita karate hai aura phira usake sAtha ghara-ghara jAkara baila kI taraha raMbhAte hai aura apane hAtha meM rahe hue chAja (sUrpa) meM dhAnya ikaTThA karate hai| ye brAhmaNa tulya jAti ke hote hai| 2. caNDI devagA - ye prAya: apane hAtha meM cakra rakhate hai| cUrNikAra ne usake sthAna para 'raMDa devagA' zabda mAnA hai|1 3. vAribhadraka - ye pAnI para chA jAne vAlI zaivAla-kAI khAte hai, hAtha, paira Adi bAra-bAra dhote hai| bAra-bAra snAna aura Acamana karate hai aura tInoM saMdhyAoM meM jala meM DUbakiyA~ lagAte hai|12 4. agnihomavAdI - usa samaya meM vibhinna prakAra ke tApasa aura brAhmaNa havana dvArA mokSa batalAte the| unake anusAra jo vyakti svarga Adi phala kI AkAMkSA na karatA huA samidhA, ghRta Adi dravya vizeSa dvArA agni ko tRpta karatA hai, havana karatA hai, vaha mokSa ke liye puruSArtha karatA hai| jo kisI manokAmanA se havana karatA hai, vaha apane abhyudaya ko siddha karatA hai| jaise agni svarNamala ko jalAne meM samartha hai, usI prakAra vaha manuSya ke Antarika pApoM ko jalAne meM bhI samartha hai| 5. jalazaucavAdI - bhAgavata, parivrAjaka Adi sajIva jala ke upayoga se mokSa kI sthApanA karate the| bAra-bAra hAtha-paira dhone, snAna karane meM rata rahate the| ve mAnate the ki jaise jala bAhya mala ko dUra karatA hai, usI prakAra Antarika zuddhi bhI jala se hI hotI hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke tRtIya tathA saptama adhyAya ke vizleSaNa se yaha tathya spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki usa samaya meM mokSa prApti ke kAraNa kitane vicitra aura vikRta rUpa le rahe the| ina kAraNoM ko sUtrakAra ne tIna prakAra se vargIkRta kiyA hai - sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 327

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1. AhArasaMpajjaNa - AhAra saMprajvalana arthAt jo AhAra ko saMprajvalita karatA hai athavA AhAra meM rasa yA madhuratA utpanna karatA hai, usa namaka ke tyAga se mokSa mAnane vaale| 2. sIodagasevaNa - arthAt zItala jala ke sevana tathA snAnAdi se mokSa mAnane vaale| 3. huSNa - homa arthAt yajJa meM havana se agni ko tRpta kara mokSa kI abhilASA karane vaale| _granthakAra ne mokSavAdiyoM kI mithyA mAnyatAoM kA aneka dRSTAntoM dvArA khaNDana kiyA hai ki mokSa ke pratibandhaka kAraNoM rAga, dveSa, kAma, krodha, lobha, moha Adi vikRtiyoM kA anta karane para hI mokSa ho sakatA hai| yadi namaka tyAga se mokSa prApti hotI hai to jisa deza meM namaka nahIM hotA, una sabhI kA mokSa ho jaataa| isI prakAra yadi jala sparza se hI mukti hotI hai. to jala ke Azraya meM rahane vAle machalI, sarpa, batakha tathA nirdayI machue~ bhI kabhI ke mukta ho jaate| jala yadi mala ko dUra karatA hai, to priya aMgarAga ko bhI naSTa kara detA hai| phalitArtha yaha hai ki vaha pApa ke sAtha puNya ko bhI dho DAlatA hai| ata: jalasparza pApakarma kA ghAtaka aura mokSa kA sAdhaka na hokara jalakAyika jIvoM tathA tadAzrita aneka trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA kA hI kRtya hai|" vastuta: brahmacArI muniyoM ke liye jalasnAna doSa ke liye hI hotA hai kyoMki jala snAna mada aura darpa ko utpanna karatA hai| vaha kAma kA prathama aMga hai, isaliye mokSAbhilASI dAnta muni kAma kA parityAga kara kabhI snAna nahIM krte| 'jala se bhIgA huA zarIra vAlA puruSa snAna kiyA huA nahIM mAnA jAtA kintu jo vratoM se nahAtA hai, vahI andara aura bAhara se zuddha mAnA jAtA hai|'35 ___ agni se siddhi kI bAta karane vAle agnihotravAdiyoM kA kathana bhI yukti virUddha hai| yadi agni ke samArambha se mukti milatI to vanadAhaka, luhAra, kumhAra, sunAra ke vyavasAya ko kukarma nahI kahA jAtA, phira to inheM bhI mukti mila jAnI cAhiye thii| zramaNa mahAvIra ne agni ke ujjAlana-pajjAlana karane vAle manuSya ko bhI jIvoM kA hiMsaka kahA hai|" bhagavatI sUtra meM isI Azaya ko spaSTa karane vAlA eka sundara saMvAda hai, jisameM kAlodAyI ne bhagavAna se agni ko jalAne aura bujhAne ke viSaya meM prazna kiye hai| bhagavAna ne agni jalAne vAle ko mahAkarma 328 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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karane vAlA tathA agni bujhAne vAle ko alpakarma karane vAlA kahA hai| agni ke prajvAlana meM pRthvI, pAnI, vAyu, vanaspati aura trasa ina jIvoM kI hiMsA hai aura agni jIvoM kI hiMsA kama hai| agni ke vidhyApana meM agni ke jIvoM kI pracUra hiMsA hai aura zeSa jIvoM kI kama hiMsA hai|" aupapAtika sUtra meM bhI bilavAsI, jalavAsI, velavAsI, celavAsI, valkalavAsI, jala bhakSI, zaivAla bhakSI, mUlAhArI, phalAhArI, tvagAhArI, puSpAhArI, bIjAhArI, hastitApasa Adi aneka prakAra ke tApasoM kA varNana milatA hai| granthakAra ne ina sabhI kuzIla darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana karate huye yaha pratipAdita kiyA hai ki mokSa na jalazauca se milatA hai, na jalabhakSaNa se| na havana karane se, na vanaspati kA sevana karane se| mokSa prApti ke sAdhana haisamyagjJAna-darzana-cAritra aura tapa / inakI samyaka sAdhanA se hI mokSa prApti sambhava hai sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUyagaDo - 1, 3/4/1-4 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 96 : NamI tAva NamI pavyajjAe, sesA savve aNNe isibhaasitesu| uttarajjhayaNANi - a. - 9 uttarajjhayaNANi - bhAga - 1 pR. 106 isibhAsiyAI - a. - 23 : rAmaputteNa arahattAtaisiNA buitN| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 69 -: raamguptshc| uttarajhajyaNANi, bhAga - 1 pR. - 106 isibhAsiyAI, a. - 14 - bAhukeNa arahatA isiNA buitN| mahAbhArata, vanakhaNDa - 66/20 isibhAsiyAI, a.-36 'vitteNa tArAyaNeNa arahatA isiNA buitN| isibhAsiyAiM saMgrahaNI gAthA - 5 : addAlae ya vitte y| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 96 : nArAyaNo nAma mhrssi| sUtrakRtAMga cU. pU. - 95 : phuTanoTa naM. 8 - atra pAThe asieNaM iti gotroktirvartate na pRthgRssinaam| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 96 : Asilo nAma maharSistathA devilH| uttarajjhayaNANi bhAga - 1 pR. - 106 mahAbhArata kI nAmAnukramaNikA pR. - 29 10. 11. 12. 13. 15. 16. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA dArzanika vizleSaNa / 329

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17. 18. 20. 21 M 27. 28. yAjJavalkya smRti, prAyazcittAdhyAya zloka - 109 vAyupurANa adhyayana - 66, zloka - 151-152 sAMkhyakArikA - 71, mATharavRtti : / uttarajjhayaNANi bhAga - 1, pR. - 107 mahAbhArata, Adiparva - 63/86 mahAbhArata, sabhAparva - 4/13, 7/13, Adiparva 177/1 aupapAtika sUtra - 76 pR. 126/127 (madhukara muni) sUtrakRtAMga cU. pR. - 95 vahI pR. - 96 vahI, pR. - 96 sUyagaDo - 1, 7/12-13 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 90 jahaNAma goyamA caMDIdevagA vAribhaddagA cev| je agnihottavAdI jala soyaM jeya icchti|| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 152 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 154 sUtrakRtAMga cU. pR. - 152 (a) vahI (ba) sU. zI. vR. pa. - 154 vahI sUyagaDo - 1/7/14-17 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi - pR. 159 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra - 1, 7/18 sUyagaDo - 2, 7/6 bhagavaI - 2, 7/227-228 29. 30. 31. 34. 35. 36. 330 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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| 51 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke samavasaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke prathama zrutaskandha meM pratipAdita bArahaveM adhyayana kA nAma samavasaraNa hai| niyuktikAra ne samavasaraNa zabda kI vivakSA nAmAdi chaha nikSepoM dvArA kI hai, jisakA vistRta varNana hamane adhyayanoM ke viSaya-paricaya meM kiyA yahA~ samavasaraNa kA artha hai, vAda-saMgama / cUrNikAra ke anusAra 'jahA~ aneka darzanoM yA dRSTiyoM kA saMgama hotA hai, vaha samavasaraNa hai|'2 prastuta adhyayana kI prathama gAthA meM hI kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda tathA ajJAnavAda kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| . samavAyAMga sUtra meM sUtrakRtAMga kA paricaya dete hue kriyAvAdI Adi ke 363 bhedoM kA kevala eka saMkhyA ke rUpa meM nirdeza kiyA gayA hai|' Agama sUtroM meM vibhinna dhArmika vAdoM kA inhIM cAra zreNiyoM meM vargIkaraNa milatA hai| niyuktikAra ne asti ke AdhAra para kriyAvAda, nAsti ke AdhAra para akriyAvAda, vinaya ke AdhAra para vinayavAda tathA ajJAna ke AdhAra para ajJAnavAda kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|' 1. ajJAnavAda prastuta adhyayana kI dUsarI tathA tIsarI gAthA meM ajJAnavAda kA pratipAdana hai| tIsarI gAthA ke viSaya meM cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra kA mataikya nahIM hai| cUrNikAra kA abhimata hai ki prastuta zloka ke do caraNa ajJAnavAdI mata ke aura do caraNa samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 331

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vinayavAdI mata ke pratipAdaka hai / ' parantu vRttikAra ne pUre zloka ko vinayavAdI M mata kA pratipAdaka mAnA hai, jo ki saMgata nahIM lagatA / ' _8 cUrNikAra ne ina do caraNoM kA artha isa prakAra kiyA hai| ajJAnavAdI aisA cintana karate hai ki satya kabhI-kabhI asatya ho jAtA hai, isaliye satya bhI nahIM kahanA cAhie / sAdhu ko dekhakara bhI sAdhu na kahA / kabhI vaha sAdhu ho sakatA hai aura kabhI asAdhu ho sakatA hai| cora kabhI cora ho sakatA hai, kabhI a-cora ho sakatA hai / veza ke AdhAra para strI ko strI na kahA jAye / vaha strI bhI ho sakatI hai, puruSa bhI ho sakatI hai| isI prakAra puruSa puruSa bhI ho sakatA hai, strI bhI ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra sabhI viSayoM meM abhizaMkita hone ke kAraNa unake darzana ke liye asamyagdarzana, samyag aura samyagdarzana, asamyag bana jAtA hai| vRttikAra ke anusAra isakA artha hai - ve (vinayavAdI) satya ko asatya aura asatya ko satya tathA asAdhu ko sAdhu mAnate hai / " cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne jo artha kiye hai, ve mUla se bahuta dUra jA par3ate hai / yathArtha meM ajJAnavAdI pratyeka viSaya meM abhizaMkita hote hai| ve kisI bhI tathya kA nizcaya nahIM kara pAte / prastuta do caraNoM meM yahI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| paraloka, svarga, naraka, satya hai yA asatya hai - aisA pUchane para ve kahate haihama nahIM jaante| ve yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki yaha acchA hai, yaha burA hai / ***** prastuta adhyayana meM ajJAnavAda ke svarUpa kA pratipAdana isa prakAra huA ajJAnavAdI kuzala hote hue bhI saMzaya rahita nahIM hai / ve svayaM 'kauna jAnatA hai ?' (ko vetti=kovida ) isa prakAra kA saMzaya karate hai aura isa prakAra saMzaya karane vAloM (akovidoM) meM hI apanI bAta rakhate hai / ve pUrvApara kA vimarza nahIM karate isaliye ve mRSA bolate hai / (paraloka Adi) satya hai yA asatya hai ? (yaha hama nahIM jAnate) aisA cintana karate hue tathA yaha burA hai, yaha acchA hai, aisA kahate hue (ve mRSA bolate hai / ) prastuta adhyayana meM ajJAnavAda kA ullekha krama kI apekSA sabase anta meM hai, tathApi vRttikAra ne isakI sarvaprathama samIkSA kA kAraNa prastuta karate hue 332 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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kahA hai ki ina cAroM vAdoM meM ajJAnavAdI hI anyanta viparIta bhASI hai, jisameM jJAna ko samasta anarthoM kA mUla kahA jAtA hai tathA jJAna ke astitva kA inkAra karake apalApa kiyA jAtA hai / " 10 cUrNikAra ne mRgacArikA kI caryA karane vAle aTavI meM rahakara phalaphUla khAne vAle tyAgazUnya saMnyAsiyoM ko ajJAnavAdI mAnA hai / " 12 vRttikAra zIlAMka ne ajJAnavAda ko tIna arthoM meM prayukta kiyA hai 1. ajJAnI anyatIrthika 2. ajJAnI bauddha 3. ajJAna meM hI vizvAsa karane vAle ajJAnavAdiyoM kI dhAraNA ajJAnavAdI apane Apa ko kuzala mAnate hue kahate hai ki hama saba taraha se kuzala hai / 'ajJAnameva zreya:' hamArA ajJAna hI kalyANakArI hai kyoMki dUsare jitane bhI jJAnI hai, ve apane jJAna ke ahaMkAra meM DUbe rahate hai, paraspara lar3ate hai, eka-dUsare para AkSepa karate hai tathA vAda-vivAda paidA karate hai| isa prakAra ke vAkkalaha se ve duHkhI evaM asantuSTa rahate hai| jabaki hama vyartha meM na to kisI se bolate hai, na jJAna kA abhimAna kara zekhI baghArate hai| hama to sadaiva apanI mastI meM jIte hai| ajJAnI hone kA pratyakSa lAbha yaha hai ki ajJAta yA pramAda vaza kiye gaye aparAdha kA daNDa bahuta kama yA mApha kara diyA jAtA hai jabaki jAnabujhakara kiye gaye aparAdha kA daNDa bahuta adhika milatA hai| ajJAnavAdI ajJAna ko kalyANakArI siddha karane ke liye anake tarka bhI prastuta karate hai - isa saMsAra meM satyAsatya kA nirNaya kara pAnA atyanta kaThina hai| kyoMki vibhinna mata hai, aneka paMtha aura zAstra hai| bahuta se dharma pravarttaka hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha nizcaya kara pAnA bahuta kaThina hai ki kisakA jJAna satya hai aura kisakA asatya / phira jitane bhI jJAnI hai, ve sabhI eka-dUsare se virUddha padArtha kA svarUpa batalAte hai tathA apane hI mata aura siddhAnta ko satya kahate hai| use siddha karane ke liye hetu aura yuktiyA~ dete hai / aisI sthiti meM satya kA nirNaya kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? jaise koI AtmA ko sarvavyApI kahate hai, to koI zarIravyApI / koI a~gUThe ke parva ke samAna mAnate hai, to koI hRdaya meM sthita mAnate hai aura koI lalATa sthita bhI kahate hai / koI AtmA ko karttA samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 333

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kahate hai, to koI akarttA / koI use anitya aura mUrta kahate hai, to koI use nitya aura amUrta kahate hai / ye sabhI mata paraspara virUddha hai, aura yathArtha mAnA jAe ? 3 ataH kise pramANabhUta sarvajJa kI asiddhi jagat meM koI atizaya jJAnI bhI nahIM hai jisake vacanoM ko pramANabhUta mAnA jaay| agara koI sarvajJa puruSa vidyamAna bhI ho to alpajJa use jAna nahIM sktaa| aura jo sarvajJa nahIM hai, vaha sarvajJa ko jAnane kA upAya bhI nahIM jAna sakatA kyoMki sarvajJa ko jAnane kA upAya bhI sarvajJa hI jAnatA hai / aura svayaM sarvajJa bane binA sarvajJa ko jAnane kA upAya nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| isa prakAra sarvajJa jJAna tathA sarvajJopAya jJAna meM anyonyAzraya doSa hone se sarvajJa ko jAnanA duSkara hai| ata: sarvajJa koI hai hI nahIM / isaliye sarvajJa ke abhAva meM koI bhI dArzanika, bhale hI kisI bhI mata kA ho, darzana kA ho, nizcayArtha ko nahIM jAna sktaa| vaha apane darzana ke hArda ko samajhe binA usa mleccha kI bhA~ti kathana ko doharA rahA hai, jaise Arya puruSa ke abhiprAya ko na samajhakara mleccha puruSa mAtra usake kathana ko doharAtA hai / ajJAnavAda ke 67 bheda niryuktikAra ne ajJAnavAda ke 67 bhedoM kA kathana kiyA hai " jise cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne isa prakAra spaSTa kiyA hai' 5 - jIva- ajIva - puNya-pApa- Azrava-saMvara- nirjarA baMdha tathA mokSa ina nau tattvoM ko sat, asat, sadasat, avaktavya, sadavaktavya, asadavaktavya, sadasadavaktavya ina sAta bhaMgoM se guNana karane para (9X7 = 63) bheda hote hai / jaise - jIvasat hai, yaha kauna jAnatA hai aura yaha jAnane se bhI kyA prayojana hai ? 1. 2. 3. 4. jIva asat hai, yaha kauna jAnatA hai aura yaha jAnane se bhI kyA prayojana hai ? jIva sadasat hai, yaha kauna jAnatA hai aura yaha jAnane se bhI kyA prayojana hai ? jIva avaktavya hai, yaha kauna jAnatA hai aura yaha jAnane se bhI kyA prayojana hai? 334 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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3. sadA jIva sadavaktavya hai, yaha kauna jAnatA hai aura yaha jAnane se bhI kyA prayojana hai? jIva asadavaktavya hai, yaha kauna jAnatA hai aura yaha jAnane se bhI kyA prayojana hai ? 7. jIva sadasadavaktavya hai, yaha kauna jAnatA hai aura yaha jAnane se bhI kyA prayojana hai ? ajIva, puNya, pApa Adi nau tatvoM ke isI prakAra bhaMga banAne para kula 63 bhaMga hote hai| ___ 1. sat padArtha kI utpatti kauna jAnatA hai aura jAnane se bhI kyA lAbha hai ? .. 2. asat padArtha kI utpatti kauna jAnatA hai aura jAnane se bhI kyA lAbha hai ? sadasat padArtha kI utpatti kauna jAnatA hai aura jAnane se bhI kyA lAbha hai ? 4. avaktavya bhAva kI utpatti kauna jAnatA hai aura use jAnane se bhI kyA lAbha hai ? ina cAra bhedoM ko 63 ke sAtha milAne para kula 67 bheda hote hai| ajJAnavAda kA varNana isI zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyayana meM bhI vistRta rUpa se milatA hai| niyuktikAra ne samaya adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka kI niyukti meM niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, jJAnavAda tathA zAkyamatAnusArI karmacayavAda ina cAra arthAdhikAroM kA kathana kiyA hai|'' niyuktikAra nirdiSTa ajJAnavAda kI carcA cUrNi tathA vRtti meM kahIM bhI dikhAyI nahIM detI parantu dvitIya uddezaka kI 6ThIM gAthA se jisa vAda kA prArambha hotA hai tathA 14vIM gAthA se jisakA khaNDana zurU hotA hai, vRttikAra ne use ajJAnavAda nAma diyA hai| cUrNikAra kA mata hai ki 14vIM gAthA se 23vIM gAthA taka ajJAnavAda kI carcA hai| parantu ina gAthAoM ko dekhate hue yaha pratIta hotA hai ki niyativAda, ajJAnavAda, saMzayavAda aura ekAntavAda - ina cAroM ko zAstrakAra ne carcA kA viSaya banAkara jainadarzana ke anekAnta siddhAnta kI kasauTI para kasA hai| zAstrakAra 14vIM gAthA meM kucha ajJAnavAdI zramaNoM tathA brAhmaNoM kI manodazA ko ujAgara karate hue kahate hai ki isa jagat meM koI kucha bhI nahIM jaantaa| samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 335

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mithyAjJAna ke garva se unmatta unakI dRSTi meM unake atirikta, sArA jagat ajJAnI hai| yahI ajJAnavAda kI bhUmikA hai| isameM se 'ajJAnameva zreya:' kA siddhAnta vRttikAra ne kaise nikAlA ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna chaha tIrthaMkaroM meM se saMjayavelaTThiputta nAmaka eka ajJAnavAdI tIrthaMkara thaa| sambhavata: usI ke mata ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue ukta gAthA kI racanA huI ho| usake matAnusAra tattvaviSayaka ajJeyatA yA anizcayatA hI ajJAnavAda kI AdhArazilA hai| yaha mata pAzcAtya darzana ke ajJeyavAda athavA saMzayavAda se milatA-julatA hai| saMjayavelaTThiputta kA ajJAnavAda dIghanikAya meM saMjaya velaTThiputta ke ajJAnavAda kA varNana ina zabdoM meM milatA hai 'yadi tuma pUcho ki kyA paraloka hai to yadi mujhe jJAta ho ki vaha hai, to maiM tumheM batalAU~ ki paraloka hai| maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, dUsarI taraha se bhI nahIM khtaa| maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM hai| maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM nahIM hai| paraloka nahIM hai, paraloka nahIM nahIM hai, paraloka hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai| paraloka na hai aura na nahIM hai|'' saMjaya ke paraloka, devatA, karmaphala aura mukti ke sambandha meM ye vicAra zata-pratizata ajJAna yA anizcayavAda hai| vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki 'yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~ to btaauuN|' vaha saMzayAlu nahIM balki ghora anizcayavAdI aura ajJAnI thaa| saMzayavAda kI upaja haiM syAdvAda mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana tathA ita: pUrva DaoN. jekobI Adi ne syAdvAda yA saptabhaMgI kI utpatti ko saMjaya velaTThiputta ke mata se batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| rAhula ne darzana-digdarzana meM likhA hai ki 'Adhunika jaina darzana kA AdhAra 'syAdvAda' hai, jo mAlUma hotA hai ki saMjayavelaTThiputta ke cAra aMga vAle anekAntavAda ko lekara sAta aMga vAlA kiyA gayA hai| saMjaya ne tattvoM (paraloka, devatA) ke bAre meM kucha bhI nizcayAtmaka rUpa se kahane se inkAra karate hue usa inkAra ko cAra prakAra se kahA hai - 1. 'hai' nahIM kaha sktaa| 2. 'nahIM hai' nahIM kaha sktaa| 336 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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3. 'hai bhI aura nahIM bhI nahIM kaha sakatA / 4. 'na hai aura na nahIM hai' nahIM kaha sakatA / isakI tulanA kIjie jainoM ke sAta prakAra ke syAdvAda se 1. 'hai ?' ho sakatA hai| (syAt asti ) 2. 'nahIM hai ?' nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai / (syAt nAsti ) 3. ' hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ?' hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai / (syAt asti ca nAsti ca ) ukta tInoM uttara kyA kahe jA sakate hai ? isakA uttara jaina nahIM meM dete hai / 4. syAt (ho sakatA hai) kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ? (vaktavya) nahIM / syAda avaktavya hai / 5. syAdasti kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, syAdasti avaktavya hai| 6. syAnnAsti - kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, syAnnAsti avaktavya hai / 7. syAd asti ca nAsti ca kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, syAda asti ca nAsti ca avaktavya hai / donoM ko milAne se mAlUma hogA ki jainoM ne saMjaya ke pahale vAle tIna vAkyoM (prazna aura uttara donoM) ko alaga karake apane syAdvAda kI chaha bhaMgiyA~ banAyI hai aura usake cauthe vAkya 'na hai aura na nahIM hai' ko jor3akara 'syAda sadasat bhI avaktavya hai' yaha sAtavA~ bhaMga taiyAra kara apanI saptabhaMgI pUrI kI hai / - - upalabdha sAmagrI se mAlUma hotA hai ki saMjaya apane anekAntavAda kA prayoga parokSa tattvoM (paraloka devatA ) para karatA thA jabaki jaina saMjaya kI yukti ko pratyakSa viSayoM para bhI lAgU karate hai / udAharaNArtha pratyakSa upasthita ghaTa kI sattA ke bAre yadi jainadarzana se pUchA jAya to uttara nimna prakAra kA milegA 1. ghaTa yahA~ hai ? ho sakatA hai (syAd asti ) 2. ghaTa yahA~ nahIM hai ? nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai / (syAd nAsti ) 3. kyA ghaTa yahA~ hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai ? hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai / (syAd asti ca nAsti ca ) 4. ho sakatA hai (syAd) - kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ? - nahIM, syAd yaha avaktavya hai| samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 337 -

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5. ghaTa yahA~ ho sakatA hai, (syAdasti) - kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ? nahIM, ghaTa yahA~ ho sakatA hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / (syAd nAsti avaktavya) _6. ghaTa yahA~ nahIM ho sakatA hai, (syAnnAsti) - kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ? nahIM, ghaTa yahA~ nahIM ho sakatA, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (syAd nAsti avaktavya) 7. ghaTa yahA~ ho bhI sakatA hai, nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai- kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ? nahIM, ghaTa yahA~ ho bhI sakatA hai, nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (syAd asti ca nAsti ca avktvy|) isa prakAra eka bhI siddhAnta kI sthApanA na karanA, joki saMjaya kA vAda thA, usI ko saMjaya ke anuyAyiyoM ke lupta ho jAne para jainoM ne apanA liyA aura usake caturbhagI nyAya ko saptabhaMgI meM pariNata kara diyaa| 20 syAdvAda ke pariprekSya meM paM. rAhula kI mithyAdhAraNA kI samIkSA 1. saMjaya velaTThiputta ke cAra aMgavAle anekAntavAda ko lekara use sAta aMgavAlA kiyA gayA hai| ___ 2. eka bhI siddhAnta kI sthApanA na karanA, jo ki saMjaya kA vAda thA, usI ko saMjaya ke anuyAyiyoM ke lupta ho jAne para jainoM ne apanA liyaa| ye donoM sthApanAe~ bahuta hI bhrAmaka aura vAstavikatA se pare hai| paNDita rAhula ne ukta sandarbha meM saptabhaMgI aura syAdvAda ke rahasya ko na samajhakara kevala zabda sAmya dekhakara eka naye mata kI sRSTi kI hai| yaha to aisA hI hai - jaise koI kahe ki 'bhArata meM rahI paratantratA ko paratantratA vidhAyaka aMgrejoM ke cale jAne para bhAratIyoM ne use aparatantratA (svatantratA) ke rUpa meM apanA liyA kyoMki aparatantratA meM bhI para taMtratA' ye pA~ca akSara to maujUda hai hii| jitanA paratantratA kA aparatantratA se bheda hai, utanA hI saMjaya ke anizcaya aura ajJAnavAda kA syAdvAda se antara hai| syAdvAda saMjaya ke ajJAna aura anizcaya kA hI uccheda karatA hai| sAtha hI sAtha tattva meM jo viparyaya aura saMzaya hai, usakA bhI samUla chedana karatA hai| yaha dekhakara to aura bhI Azcarya hotA hai ki rAhula anizcitatAvAdiyoM kI sUcI meM saMjaya ke sAtha niggaMTha nAtaputta mahAvIra kA nAma bhI likha jAte hai tathA (pR. 491 meM) saMjaya ko anekAntavAdI bhI / kyA ise dharmakIrti ke zabdo meM 'dhig vyApakaM tamaH' nahIM kaha sakate ?21 338 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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paM. rAhula darzana - digdarzana meM saptabhaMgI ke pA~cave, chaThe tathA sAtaveM bhaMga ko jisa azobhana tarIke se maror3A hai, vaha unakI nirI kalpanA aura sAhasa hai / jaba ve darzana ko vyApaka, naI aura vaijJAnika dRSTi se dekhanA cAhate hai to kisI bhI darzana kI samIkSA usake ThIka svarUpa ko samajhakara karanI caahie| ve avaktavya nAmaka dharma kA, joki asti Adi ke sAtha svatantra bhAva se dvisaMyogI huA hai, tor3akara 'a-vaktavya' karake usakA saMjaya ke 'nahIM' ke sAtha mela biThA dete hai aura saMjaya ke ghora anizyavAda ko hI anekAntavAda kaha DAlate hai, isase bar3A Azcarya kyA hogA ? 22 bhagavAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa vimarzaNIya hai ki saMjaya velaTThiputta kA dRSTikoNa ajJAnavAdI yA saMzayavAdI thA isaliye vaha kisI prazna kA uttara nizcayAtmaka nahIM detA thA / parantu bhagavAna mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa anekAntavAdI thA, ata: ve pratyeka prazna kA uttara nizcayAtmaka bhASA meM dete the / bhagavatI tathA anya AgamoM meM bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAtha hue praznottaroM kA vizAla saMkalana hai| unake adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra dravyArthika tathA paryAyArthika- ina do naya dRSTiyoM se praznoM kA samAdhAna karate the| ye hI do naya anekAntavAda kA mUla AdhAra hai / syAdavAda ke tIna bhaMga maulika hai - syAt asti, syAt nAsti, syAt avaktavya / bhagavAna mahAvIra praznoM ke samAdhAna meM, tattva ke nirUpaNa meM bAra-bAra inakA prayoga kiyA hai| saMjaya kI pratipAdana zailI caturbhagAtmaka thI jabaki bhagavAna mahAvIra kI tribhaMgAtmaka thii| phira isa kalpanA kA koI artha nahIM ki saMjaya ke anuyAyiyoM ke lupta ho jAne para jainoM ne usake siddhAnta ko apanA liyaa| sat, asat, sat-asat, aura anubhaya (avaktavya) ye cAra bhaMga upaniSad kAla se cale A rahe hai / usa samaya ke prAyaH sabhI dArzanikoM ne ina bhaMgoM kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM prayoga kiyA hai, phira yaha mAnyatA nirAdhAra hai ki saMjaya velaTThiputta ke bhaMgoM ke AdhAra para syAdvAda kI saptabhaMgI vikasita kI | 23 'syAt' zabda kI paribhASA syAt asti kA artha 'ho sakatA hai' yaha bhI kAlpanika hai / syAt zabda saMzayAtmaka yA anizcayayAtmaka na hokara nizcaya artha meM hai / ekAdhika bheda yA vikalpa kI sUcanA jahA~ karanI hotI hai, vahA~ 'siyA' (syAt) pada kA prayoga samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 339

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bhASA kI viziSTa zailI kA eka rUpa rahA hai, jaisA ki majjhimanikAya ke mahArAhulovAdasutta ke avataraNa se vidita hotA hai / 24 isameM tejo dhAtu ke donoM sunizcit bhedoM kI sUcanA 'siyA' zabda detA hai, na ki una bhedoM kA anizcaya, saMzaya yA sambhAvanA vyakta karatA hai| isI taraha 'syAt asti' ke sAtha lagA huA 'syAt' zabda 'asti' kI sthiti ko nizcit apekSA se to dRr3ha karatA hI hai, sAtha hI sAtha asti se bhinna aura bhI aneka dharma vastu meM hai, para ve vivakSita na hone se isa samaya gauNa hai, isa sApekSa sthiti ko bhI batAtA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra se pUchA gayA bhante / dvipradezI skandha AtmA hai ? anAtmA hai ? yA avaktavya hai ? bhagavAna mahAvIra ne uttara diyA - dvipradezI skandha syAt AtmA hai, syAt AtmA nahIM hai, syAt avaktavya hai / bhante ! yaha kaise ? gautama ! dvipradezI skandha sva kI apekSA se AtmA hai, para kI apekSA se AtmA nahIM hai aura ubhaya kI apekSA se avaktavya hai / 25 25 isI prakAra bhagavatI meM Aye hue pudgala skandhoM kI carcA ke prasaMga meM syAdvAda ke sAtoM hI bhaMga phalita hote hai / bhagavatI sUtra darzana yuga meM likhA huA koI dArzanika grantha nahIM hai / yaha mahAvIrakAlIna Agama sUtra hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki syAdvAda ko saMjaya velaTThiputta ke siddhAnta se udhAra lene kI bAta sarvathA AdhAra zUnya hai / saMjaya velaTThaputta ke atirikta AcArya akalaMka ne ajJAnavAdiyoM ke kucha anya AcAryoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai - sAkalya, vASkala, kuthumi, sAtyamuni, nArAyaNa, kATha, mAdhyandinI, mauda, paippalAda, bAdarAyaNa Adi | 26 - ajJAnavAda ke vistRta vizleSaNa se spaSTa hotA hai ki ajJAnavAda meM do prakAra kI vicAradhArAe~ saMkalita hai kucha ajJAnavAdI AtmA ke hone meM sandeha karate hai aura unakA mata hai ki AtmA hai to bhI use jAnane se kyA lAbha ? dUsarI vicAradhArA ke anusAra jJAna saba samasyAoM kA mUla hai, ataH ajJAna hI zreyaskara hai| ajJAnavAda kI AlocanAtmaka samIkSA ajJAnazreyovAdI ajJAna ko sarvazreSTha siddha karane ke liye jJAna kA hI Alambana 340 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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lete hai| ve ajJAna ko kalyANakArI siddha karane hetu anumAna Adi pramANa tathA tarka, yukti Adi kA sahArA lete hai, yaha 'vadato vyAghAta' jaisI bAta hai| ajJAna kA artha do prakAra ke naJ samAsa dvArA spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai| paryudAsana samAsa sadRza grAhI hotA hai jabaki prasajyanaJ samAsa sarvathA niSedha karatA hai| agara payurdAsanaJ samAsa ke anusAra ajJAna kA artha kiyA jAye to eka jJAna se bhinna, usake sadRza dUsarA jJAna hogaa| isa sthiti meM jJAna ko kalyANa kA sAdhana mAna lene se ajJAnavAda kahA~ siddha huA ? prasajya naJ samAsa ke anusAra ajJAna kA artha hotA hai - jJAna kA niSedha yA abhAva / yahA~ jJAnAbhAva abhAva rUpa hone se tuccha, rUpa rahita evaM sarvazakti rahita hone se kalyANakara kaise siddha ho sakatA hai ? isa prakAra prasajyavRtti se ajJAna kA artha kiyA jAya to vaha pratyakSa virUddha hai, kyoMki samyagjJAna ke dvArA padArtha ke svarUpa ko jAnakara pravRtti karane vAlA kAryArthI puruSa apane kArya ko siddha karatA huA pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai| ata: jJAna kI mahattA ko jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sktaa| ajJAnavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana ki sabhI jJAnavAdI padArtha kA svarUpa paraspara virUddha batAte hai, jaise koI AtmA ko sarvavyApI, koI zarIravyApI, koI hRdaya sthita, koI lalATa sthita to koI a~gUThe ke parva ke tulya mAnate hai| koI use nitya aura amartta, to koI use anitya aura mUrta kahate hai| isa prakAra ke virodhI kathana meM kise sahI aura yathArtha mAnA jaae| jagat meM koI sarvajJa bhI nahIM, jisakA kathana pramANa mAnA jaaye| phira jJAna ahaMkAra ko bhI utpanna karatA hai, vAda-vivAda aura vitaNDAvAda kA bhI sarjana karatA hai| isase dArUNa karmabaMdha hotA hai| ata: ajJAna hI sAdhya hai| ajJAnavAdiyoM ke dvArA isa prakAra kI mImAMsA yA vicAra-carcA karanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki aise paryAlocanAtmaka vicAra bhI to jJAna rUpa hI hai| ve svayaM jaba ajJAnavAda ke anuzAsana meM nahIM cala sakate, taba dUsaroM ko ajJAnavAda siddhAnta ke anuzAsana meM kaise calAyeMge ? sAtha hI, jaba ve svayaM ajJAnI hai, to apane zikSArthiyoM ko ajJAnavAda kI zikSA kaise de sakeMge kyoMki ajJAnavAda kI zikSA bhI to jJAna dvArA hI dI jaayegii| ata: cupa rahane kI sAdhanA meM hI ajJAnavAda hai, kyoMki ajJatA kA AbhUSaNa mauna hai| samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 341

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sarvajJasiddhi ke kAraNa ajJAnavAda kA khaNDana jainadarzana meM prArambha se hI sarvajJatA aura dharmajJatA ke viSaya meM koI matabheda nahIM rahA hai| usake anusAra pratyeka AtmA sarvajJa ho sakatI hai, kyoMki sarvajJatA usakA svabhAva hai| svabhAva anubhUti kA viSaya hotA hai, tarka yA yukti kA viSaya nahIM / kintu vibhAvajJAna se abhibhUta cetanavAle ajJAnavAdI sarvajJa kA niSedha karate hai| ajJAnavAdiyoM kA yaha kathana hai ki sarvajJa ho to bhI alpajJa dvArA jAnA nahIM jA sakatA / yadyapi sarAga vItarAga kI sI ceSTA karate dekhe jAte hai aura vItarAga sarAga kI sI pravRtti karate najara Ate hai, isaliye dUsare kI manovRtti alpajJa dvArA jAnI nahIM jA sakatI, isa taraha pratyakSa se sarvajJa kI upalabdhi na hone para bhI sarvajJa ke astitva se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki sambhava aura anumAna pramANa se sarvajJa kI siddhi hotI hai / jaise- ajJAnI kI apekSA vyAkaraNa zAstrI yA suzikSita manuSya adhika jAnatA- samajhatA hai, isI taraha dhyAna, samAdhi, jJAna-sAdhanA Adi ke viziSTa abhyAsa karane se uttarottara jJAna vRddhi hone se koI samasta padArthoM kA jJAtA sarvajJa bhI hotA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne bhI sarvajJasiddhi meM yahI yukti prastuta kI hai| 2" sarvajJa nahIM ho sakatA, aisA koI sarvajJatA kA bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai / kyoMki alpajJa puruSa pratyakSa pramANa se sarvajJa kA abhAva siddha nahIM kara sktaa| anumAna pramANa se bhI sarvajJAbhAva siddha nahIM hotA kyoMki sarvajJa ke abhAva ke sAtha avyabhicArI koI hetu nahIM hai / sarvajJAbhAva ke sAtha kisI kA sAdRzya siddha na hone se upamAna pramANa se bhI sarvajJAbhAva siddha nahIM hotA / arthApatti pramANa se bhI sarvajJAbhAva siddha nahIM hotA, kyoMki arthApatti pramANa kI pratyakSAdipUrvaka hI pravRtti hotI hai aura pratyakSAdi pramANoM se sarvajJa ke abhAva kI siddhi nahIM hotI kyoMki sarvajJa kA astitva batAne vAle Agama vidyamAna hai| sthUladarzI puruSa kA jJAna sarvajJa taka nahIM pahu~catA, isa kAraNa bhI sarvajJa kA abhAva nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki usakA jJAna vyApaka nahIM hai / yadi koI avyApaka padArtha kisI padArtha ke pAsa nahIM pahu~ce to isase padArtha kA abhAva siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai, isa prakAra bAdhaka pramANoM kA abhAva hone se evaM sAdhaka pramANoM kA sadabhAva hone se bhI sarvajJa kI siddhi ho jAtI hai / 30 phira sarvajJa praNIta AgamoM ko mAnane vAle sabhI ekamata se AtmA ko svazarIravyApI mAnate hai kyoMki AtmA kA guNa caitanya sampUrNa zarIra, kintu svazarIra 342 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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paryanta hI dekhA jAtA hai| ata: sarvajJa praNIta AgamajJAnavAdI paraspara viruddhabhASI nahIM hai| __ zAstrakAra kahate hai ki ajJAnavAdI ajJAnavAda kA Azraya lekara binA vicAre asambaddha bhASaNa karate hai| ve mithyAdRSTi samyagjJAna se rahita hai| jo yathArtha jJAnI hotA hai, vaha vicArapUrvaka bolatA hai| ye ajJAnavAdI apane ziSyoM ko dharma kA upadeza to jJAna ke dvArA hI dete hai tathApi jJAna ko anartha kA mUla mAnakara kosate hai| isa prakAra ke ajJAna se kalyANa honA to dUra rahA, ulaTe nAnA karmabaMdhana hone se jIva nAnA du:khoM se pIr3ita hotA hai| isaliye ajJAnavAda apane Apa meM eka ghora mithyAvAda hai|" sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 116 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 207 samavasaranti jesu darisaNANi diTThIo vA tANi samosaraNANi / sUyagaDo -1, 12/1 cattAri samosaraNANimANi, pAvAdayA jAiM puDho vyNti| kiriyaM akiriyaM viNayaM ti taiyaM, aNNANamAhaMsu cautthameva // samavAyAMga, dvAdazAMgAgaNipiTaka - sUtra - 516 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 118 atthitti kiriyavAdI, vayaMtiNa sthitti akiriyavAdI y| aNNANI aNNANaM viNaittA venniyvaadii| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 208 saccaM mosaM ---- kuttA annnnaanniyaa| idANI veNaiyavAdI - jeme jaNA ghenniyaa| sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 214 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 208 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 214 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 212 - eteSAM ajJAnikA evaM sarvAlApitayA'tyantamasaMbaddhA atstaanevaadaavaah| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 207 - te tu migacAriyAdayo aDavIe puSpaphalabhakkhiNo accAdi (atyAgina:) aNNANiyA / (a). sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 35 : samyagjJAna virahitA: zramaNA: braahmnnaaH| (ba). vahI, patra- 217 : zAkyA api praaysho'jnyaanikaaH| (sa) vahI, : ajJAnaM eva zreya ityevaM vaadinH| 12. samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 343

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14. 17. 18. 20. 21 13. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 35 sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 119 15. (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 206-207 (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 209 16. sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 30 sUyagaDaMga suttaM (mUlapATha TippaNayukta) kI prastAvanA pR. - 9 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa - bhAga -1, pR. . 177 19. dIghanikAya - 1/2/4/31 darzana-digdarzana, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, pR. - 498-499 jainadarzana pR. - 390 (mahendra kumArajI) vahI, pR. - 391 sUyagaDo - 1, 1/41 kA TippaNa majjhimanikAya, mahArAhulovAdasutta - pR. - 53 25. bhagavatI - 12/218-219 tattvArthavArtika, bhAga-2, 8/1 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - pR. 213 28. vahI 29. pramANa mImAMsA, a.-1, sU. 16 vahIM, sU. 17 31. . sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 211-241 22 24. 26. 27. 30. 2. vinayavAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke samavasaraNa adhyayana meM ajJAnavAda ke pazcAt vinayavAda kA nirUpaNa hai| vinayavAd kA mUla AdhAra vinaya hai|' cUrNikAra ke anusAra vinayavAdiyoM kA abhimata hai ki kisI bhI sampradAya yA gRhastha kI nindA nahIM karanI caahiye| sabhI ke prati vinrama honA caahiye| vinayavAdI vinaya ko hI yathArtha aura siddhi kA mArga mAnate hai| ve kahate hai-vinaya se hI svarga aura mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| ve gadhe se lekara gAya cANDAla se lekara brAhmaNa evaM jalacara, sthalacara, khecara, uraparisarpa, bhujaparisarpa Adi sabhI prANiyoM ko vinayapUrvaka namaskAra karate hai| vinayavAdiyoM ke anusAra- 'hamArA yaha vinayamUlaka dharma parigaNanA, parIkSA 344 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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aura mImAMsA karatA hai| hama vinamra dharma kI prarupaNA karate hai| mitra aura zatru ko samAna mAnate hai| hama samasta pravrajita vyaktiyoM tathA devoM ko praNAma karate hai| jaise dUsare matAvalambI paraspara virodha rakhate hai, hama vaisA nahIM krte| hama pravrajita hote hI indra ho yA skandha, jaba U~ce ko dekhate hai to U~cA praNAma karate hai, nIce ko dekhate hai to nIcA praNAma karate hai| jo sthAna yA aizvarya se U~cA hai, jaise - rAjA, seTha Adi unako dekhate hI hama U~cA praNAma karate hai aura jo kSudra Adi hai, jaise - kuttA Adi, unako nIcA praNAma karate hai| hama bhUmi para sira rakhakara namana karate hai| vinayavAdiyoM ke ukta mantavya se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki vinayavAdI apanI sad-asada vivekazAlinI buddhi kA upayoga nahIM karate hai| ve pratyeka kA vinaya (jo vAstava meM vinaya nahIM, cApalUsI, khuzAmada, cATukAritA yA mukhamaMgalatA hotI hai) karane kI dhuna meM acche-bure, sajjana-durjana, dharmI-adharmI, subuddhidurbuddhi, sujJAnI-ajJAnI sabhI ko eka sarIkhA mAnakara sabako vandana-namana, mAnasammAna Adi dete hai| satyAsatya kI parakha na hone ke kAraNa jo vyakti jaisA samajhA detA hai, use vaisA hI mAnakara jo satya hai, use asatya aura jo asatya hai, use satya kaha dete hai| jo prANiyoM kA hita karane vAlA vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai, vaha satya hai athavA mokSa yA saMyama satya hai| parantu vinayavAdI ise asatya kahate hai| samyagjJAna-darzana-cAritra mokSa kA satya mArga hai, parantu vinayavAdI ise asatya kahate hai| kevala vinaya karane se mokSa kI prApti nahIM hotii| tathApi vinayavAdI kevala vinaya se mokSa prApti mAnakara asatya prarupaNA karate hai| vRttikAra ne bhI vinaya kA artha vinamratA hI kiyA hai kintu yaha artha vicAraNIya hai| yahA~ vinaya kA artha AcAra honA caahiye| jJAnavAdI jaise jJAna ke dvArA hI siddhi mAnate the, vaise hI AcAra vAdI kevala AcAra para hI bala dete the| unakA udghoSa thA- AcAraH prathamo dharmaH / jJAnavAda aura AcAravAda donoM ekAMgI hone ke kAraNa mithyAdRSTi kI koTi meM Ate hai| prAcIna sAhitya meM vinaya kA AcAra artha meM bahulatA se prayoga huA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke prathama zloka meM nirdiSTa 'viNayaM pAukarissAmi' pada kA bhI yahI artha abhipreta hai| jJAtAdharma kathA sUtra meM jaina dharma ko vinayamUlaka dharma batAyA gayA hai| thAvaccAputra ne zukadeva se kahA- mere dharma kA mUla vinaya hai| samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 345

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yahA~ vinaya zabda muni ke paMca mahAvrata aura gRhastha ke aNuvrata ke artha meM vyavahata hai| bauddhoM ke vinaya piTaka meM vinaya AcAra kI vyavasthA hai| vinaya zabda ke AdhAra para vinamratA aura AcAra donoM arthoM kA pratipAdana hai| AcAra para adhika bala dene vAlI dRSTi kA vivaraNa bauddha sAhitya meM bhI milatA hai| jo loga, AcAra ke niyamoM kA pAlana karane mAtra se zIla zuddhi hotI hai, aisA mAnate the, unheM 'sIlabbataparAmAsa' kahA gayA hai| kevala jJAnavAdI aura ekAnta AcAravAdI ye donoM dhAraNAe~ usa samaya pracalita thii| vinayavAda ke dvArA ekAntika AcAravAda kI dRSTi kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vinamratAvAda AcAravAda kA hI eka aMga hai| isaliye usakA bhI isameM samAveza ho jAtA hai kintu vinayavAda kA kevala vinamratAparaka artha karane se AcAravAda kA usameM samAveza nahIM ho sktaa| niyuktikAra ne vinayavAda ke 32 bheda isa prakAra nirdiSTa kiye hai - devatA, rAjA, yati, jJAti, buddha, adhama, mAtA aura pitA ina AThoM kA mana se, vacana se, kAyA se aura dAna se vinaya krnaa| isa prakAra kula 32 (8x4) bheda hue| vinayavAdI darzana ke kucha pramukha AcArya ye hai - vaziSTa, pArAzara, vAlmIki, vyAsa, ilAputra, satyadatta aadi|' cUrNikAra ne niyukti gAthA (113) kI vyAkhyA meM 'dANAmA', 'pANAmA' Adi pravrajyAoM ko vinayavAdI batAyA hai tathA prastuta zloka kI vyAkhyA meM ANAmA, pANAmA kA vinayavAdiyoM ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM ANAmA aura pANAmA pravrajyA kA svarUpa nirdiSTa hai| tAmralipti nAmaka nagarI meM tAmalI gAthApati rahatA thaa| usane 'pANAmA' pravrajyA svIkAra kii| usakA svarUpa isa prakAra hai- paNAmA pravrajyA svIkAra karane ke bAda vaha tAmalI jahA~ kahIM indra, skandha, rUdra, ziva, vaizramaNa, durgA, cAmuNDA Adi devadeviyoM tathA rAjA, Izvara (yuvarAja Adi) talavara, mADaMbika, kauTumbika, Ibhya, zreSThi, senApati, sArthavAha, kauA, kuttA yA cANDAla ko dekhatA to unheM praNAma krtaa| unheM U~cA dekhatA to U~cA praNAma karatA, nIcA dekhatA to nIcA praNAma krtaa| pUraNa gAthApati ne dANAmA pravrajyA svIkAra kii| usakA svarUpa isa prakAra hai- pravrajyA ke pazcAt vaha cAra phuTa vAlA lakar3I kA pAtra lekara bebhela' sanniveza meM bhikSA ke liye gyaa| jo bhojana pAtra ke pahale puTa meM giratA, use pathiko ko de detA / jo bhojana dUsare puTa meM giratA, use kaue, kuttoM ko de detaa| 346 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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jo bhojana tIsare puTa meM giratA, use maccha, kacchoM ko de detaa| jo cauthe puTa meM giratA, vaha svayaM khA letaa| yaha dANAmA pravrajyA svIkAra karane vAloM kA AcAra hai| vinayavAda kI samIkSA vinayavAdI samyaka prakAra se vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko jAne binA hI mithyAgraha evaM matavyAmoha se prerita hokara kahate hai- hameM apane sabhI prayojanoM kI siddhi vinaya se jJAta hotI hai| vinaya se hI svarga evaM mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| yadyapi vinaya cAritra kA aMga hai, kintu samyagdarzana evaM samyagjJAna ke binA vinaya kA koI aucitya nahIM hai| agara vinayavAdI samyagjJAna-darzana-cAritra rUpI vinaya kI vivekapUrvaka sAdhanA-ArAdhanA kare, sAtha hI AdhyAtmika mArga meM Age bar3he hue jo arihanta yA siddha paramAtmA athavA paMcamahAvratacArI nigraMtha cAritrAtmA hai, unakI vinaya bhakti kare to ukta mokSamArga ke aMgabhUta vinaya se unheM mokSa kI prApti ho sakatI hai| parantu ise ThukarAkara adhyAtmavihina, aviveka yukta evaM ekAnta aupacArika vinaya se svarga yA mokSa batalAnA ekAnta durAgraha hai, mithyAvAda hai|" sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 111 ............. viNaittA veNajhyavAdI sUtrakRtAMga cUrNipR. 206 - veNaiyavAdiNo bhaNati - Na nihatthassa karasavipAsaMDassa vA jiMdA kAyavvA, savvaraseva viNIya viNayeNa hotavvaM / sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 208 nAyAdhammakahAo - 1/5/59 dhammasaMgaNi (nA. saM.) pR. - 277 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA 113 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 207 SaDadarzana samuccaya (zrI guNaratna sUri dIpikA) pR. - 29 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 113 (ba) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 206 bhagavatI, 3/34 bhagavatI, 3/102 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 213/214 samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 347

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3. akriyAvAda sUtrakRtAMga sUtra ke samavasaraNa adhyayana meM vinayavAda ke pazcAt akriyAvAda kA nirUpaNa huA hai / ekAnta rUpa se jIva Adi padArthoM kA jisa vAda meM niSedha kiyA jAtA hai tathA usakI kriyA, AtmA, karmabaMdha, karmaphala Adi bilkula nahIM mAne jAte, use akriyAvAda kahate hai / niyuktikAra ne nAsti ke AdhAra para akriyAvAda kI vyAkhyA kI hai / ' nAsti ke cAra artha phalita hote hai| 1. AtmA kA asvIkAra 2. AtmA ke kartRtva kA asvIkAra 3. karma kA asvIkAra 4. . punarjanma kA asvIkAra 2 AkriyAvAdI ko nAstikavAdI, nAstikaprajJa, nAstikadRSTi kahA bhI gayA hai / akriyAvAdI AtmA kI sthiti ko svIkAra nahIM krte| unake anusAra pratyeka vastu kSaNasthAyI hai| jaba pratyeka vastu eka kSaNa ke bAda naSTa ho jAtI hai, to kriyA kaise ho sakatI hai| yaha siddhAnta bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAdI darzana ke bahuta nikaTa hai| isa matAnusAra sUrya udaya yA asta nahIM hotA / candramA ghaTatA yA bar3hatA nahIM / nadiyA~ bahatI nahIM aura havA calatI nahIM / prastuta adhyayana kI 5vIM se 10vIM gAthA taka akriyAvAda kA pratipAdana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai- 'lava arthAt karmabandha kI zaMkA karane vAle akriyAvAdI bhaviSya aura bhUtakAla ke kSaNoM ke sAtha vartamAnakAla kA koI sambandha na hone se kriyA aura tajjanita karma bandha kA niSedha karate hai / ' zUnyatAvAdI bauddha astitva yA nAstitva kA spaSTa vyAkaraNa nahIM karate / ve apanI vANI se hI nigRhIta ho jAte hai / prazna karane para ve mauna rahate hai| eka yA aneka, asti yA nAsti kA anuvAda nahIM krte| ve amuka karma ko dvipAkSika, amuka karma ko eka pAkSika tathA use chaha AyatanoM se hone vAlA mAnate hai / AtmA ko akriya mAnanevAle ve tattva ko nahIM jAnate hue nAnA prakAra ke siddhAnta pratipAdita karate hai| unheM svIkAra kara bahuta sAre manuSya apAra saMsAra meM bhramaNa karate hai / 348 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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( pakudhakAtyAyana ke anusAra) sUrya na ugatA hai aura na asta hotA hai / candramA na ghaTatA hai aura na bar3hatA hai| nadiyA~ bahatI nahIM hai / pavana calatA nahIM hai / kyoMki yaha sampUrNa loka vandhya (zUnya), nitya (anirmita) hai / jagata meM bahuta loga jyotiSazAstra, svapna zAstra, lakSaNa zAstra, nimitta zAstra, zarIra, tila Adi kA phala banAne vAlA zAstra, tathA ulkApAta, digdAha Adi kA phala batAne vAle zAstra, ina aSTAMga nimitta zAstroM ko par3hakara bhaviSya kI bAtoM ko jAna lete hai kintu akriyAvAdI vidyA se parimukta hone ko hI kalyANakAraka kahate hai / ekapAkSika cUrNikAra ke anusAra akriyAvAdI (lokAyatika, bauddha, sAMkhya) darzana do prakAra ke dharma kA pratipAdana karate haiM- ekapAkSika tathA dvipAkSika / ekapAkSika kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki usameM kriyA mAtra hotI hai, karma kA caya arthAt baMdha nahIM hotA / ekapAkSika karma ke cAra prakAra hai - avijJopacita, parijJopacita, IyApatha aura svapnAntika - jo ihabhava vedya hote haiM / dvipAkSika dvipAkSika karma vaha hotA hai, jisameM cAra prakAra ke yoga hote hai- 1. satva, 2. satvasaMjJA, 3. mArane kA saMkalpa, 4. prANa viyojn| isase hone vAlA karmabaMdha dvipAkSika hotA hai / isa janma meM aura para janma meM bhI bhoganA par3atA hai| jaisecora yahA~ corI karate hai, unheM isa bhava meM daNDa, kArAvAsa, vadha, bandhana Adi bhogane par3ate hai, zeSa pariNAma unheM agale janma - naraka Adi meM bhogane par3ate hai / ' ihabhava vedya aura parabhava vedya karmo ke AdhAra para bauddha ekapAkSika bhI hai aura dvipAkSika bhii| usakI mAnyatA hai ki kriyAcitta se jo karma kiyA jAtA hai, usase karmo kA caya-baMdha nahIM hotA / vaha ihabhava vedya karma hai / kuzalacitta aura akuzalacitta se jo karma kiyA jAtA hai, usakA caya hotA hai / vipAka yA phaladAna ke AdhAra para ve 4 prakAra ke karma mAnate hai - 1. didhammavedanIya - isI zarIra meM bhugate jAne vAle karma / 2. upapajjavedanIya parabhava meM bhugate jAne vAle karma / 3. aparApariyavedanIya janma-janmAntara meM bhugate jAne vAle karma I 4. Ahosikamma avipAkI karma / vaha karma, jisakA koI phala nahIM hotA / " samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 349 - - -

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yahA~ kriyAvAda aura akriyAvAda kA cintana AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai| AtmA hai, vaha punarbhavagAmI hai / vaha karma kA karttA tathA karma phala ko bhoktA hai, usakA nirvANa hotA hai / yaha kriyAvAda kA pUrNa lakSaNa hai| isameM se eka aMza kA bhI asvIkAra karane vAlA akriyAvAdI hotA hai| yahA~ ekAnta akriyAvAdI tIna hai mukhyatayA 1. lokAyatika, 2. bauddha, 3. sAMkhya / 1. akriyAvAdI lokAyatika - isa mata ke anusAra AtmA hai hI nahIM, to usakI kriyA kaise ho sakatI hai aura usa kriyA se utpanna karmabaMdha bhI kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaise- loka vyavahAra meM muTThI bAMdhanA aura kholanA kevala Aropa hai / vastutaH koI rassI se bAMdhI yA kholI nahIM jAtI / isI prakAra lokAyatika mata meM upacAra mAtra se AtmA meM baddha aura mukta kA vyavahAra jAnA jAtA hai| 2. akriyAvAdI bauddha - bauddhoM kI pA~ca skandha kI mAnyatA bhI Aropa mAtra se hai, paramArtha rUpa se nhiiN| unakA mantavya hai ki koI bhI padArtha vijJAna ke dvArA apane svarUpa ko prakaTa karane meM samartha nahIM hai| kyoMki avayavI padArtha tattva aura atattva ina donoM bhedoM ke dvArA vicAra karane para pUrA samajha meM nahIM aataa| isI taraha avayava bhI paramANu paryanta vicAra karane para atyanta sUkSma hone ke kAraNa AkAra rahita hone se svarUpa ko dhAraNa nahIM krte| ataH avayavoM kA jJAna bhI azakya hai / aisI dazA meM koI bhI padArtha jJAna ke dvArA pUrA-pUrA nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / - ukta siddhAnta mAnane vAle bauddha mata meM bhUta aura bhaviSya ke sAtha vartamAna kSaNa kA koI sambandha nahIM hone se koI kriyA nahIM hotI / aura kriyA ke abhAva meMkriyAjanita karmabaMdha bhI nahIM hotA / tAtparya yaha hai ki Ane vAlA (anAgata) kSaNa abhI AyA hI nahIM hai aura bhUtakAla vidyamAna nahIM hai tathA pahale aura pIche ke kSaNoM meM vartamAna kriyA kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| kyoMki nAza hue kAla ke sAtha vartamAna kA sambandha nahIM hotA / ataH kriyA ke sAtha sambandha na hone se usake dvArA karmabaMdha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra bauddha akriyAvAdI hai / 3. akriyAvAdI sAMkhya (vaizeSika ) - AtmA ke sarvavyApI hone se use kriyA rahita mAnane vAle sAMkhya bhI akriyAvAdI hai| sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra kriyA kA mUla prakRti hai| puruSa (AtmA) karma kA karttA nahIM hai| puruSa ke akartRtva kI dRSTi se sAMkhya ko akriyAbAda kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai| vaizeSika 350 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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darzana meM AtmA karmaphala bhogane meM svatantra na hone se cUrNikAra ne ise bhI akriyAvAdI kahA hai|' cUrNikAra ne paMcamahAbhautika cAturbhItika, skandhamAtrika, zUnyavAdI, lokAyatika- inheM akriyAvAdI kahA hai / " AcArya akalaMka ne akriyAvAda ke kucha pramukha AcAryoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - kokvala, kAMTheviddhi, kauzika, harizmazrumAna, kapila, romaza, hArita, azvamuNDa, azvalAyana Adi / ' akriyAvAda ke 84 bheda niryuktikAra ne akriyAvAda ke 84 bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne usakA vivaraNa isa prakAra diyA hai - 10 jIva, ajIva, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ye sAta tattva hai| inake svataH aura parata: ye dodo bheda karane para (7x2 ) 14 bheda hote hai / kAla, yadRcchA, niyati, svabhAva, Izvara aura AtmA ina chaH tattvoM ke sAtha guNana karane para ( 14X6) 84 bheda hote hai / sarvazUnyatAvAda kA khaNDana lokAyatika padArtha kA niSedha karake bhI pakSa ko siddha karane ke liye padArtha kA astitva prakArAntara se mAna lete hai / arthAt padArtha kA niSedha karate hue bhI unake astitva kA pratipAdana kara baiThate hai / jaise ve jIvAdi padArthoM kA abhAva batAne vAle zAstroM kA apane ziSyoM ko upadeza dete hue zAstra ke karttA AtmA ko, upadeza ke sAdhana rUpa zAstra ko aura jisako upadeza diyA jAtA hai usa ziSya ko to avazya svIkAra karate hai| kyoMki inako svIkAra kiye binA upadezAdi nahIM ho sakatA / parantu sarvazUnyatAvAda meM ye tInoM padArtha nahIM aate| isaliye lokAyatika paraspara virUddha mizrapada kA sahArA lete hai / ve, padArtha nahIM hai, yaha bhI kahate hai aura dUsarI ora usakA astitva bhI svIkAra karate hai / " isI prakAra bauddha bhI paraspara virUddha pakSa kA pratipAdana karate haiN| bauddha mata ke sarvazUnyatAvAda ke anusAra gantA ca nAsti kazcid gatayaH SaD bauddha zAsane proktA / gamyata iti ca gatiH, syAcchutiH kathaM zobhanA bauddhI // koI (paraloka meM) jAne vAlA sambhava nahIM, koI kriyA, gati, karmabaMdha samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 351

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bhI sambhava nahIM hai phira bhI bauddha zAsana meM chaha gatiyA~ mAnI gayI hai| jaba gamana karane vAlA AtmA hI nahIM hai, taba usakI gatiyA~ kaisI ? phira bauddhoM dvArA mAnya jJAna santAna bhI pratyeka jJAna se bhinna nahIM hai| apitu vaha Aropita hai tathA pratyeka jJAna santAna bhI kSaNa vidhvaMsI hone se sthira nahIM hai| isaliye kriyA kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa bauddha darzana meM anekoM gatiyoM kA honA kadApi sambhava nahIM hai| tathA bauddhoM ke sabhI AgamoM meM karma kA abandhana mAnA gayA hai| phira bhI buddha kA 500 bAra janma grahaNa karanA batAte hai| jaba karma baMdhana nahIM hogA to janma grahaNa kaise hogA ? bauddha granthagata eka zloka meM batAyA gayA hai - mAtApitA ko mArakara evaM buddha ke zarIra se rakta nikAlakara arhadavadha karake tathA dharmastUpa ko naSTa karane vAlA manuSya AvicI naraka meM jAtA hai| yaha bhI karmabandhana ke binA kaise sambhava hai ? jaba sarvazUnya hai to zAstroM kA nirmANa yukti saMgata kaise ho sakatA hai ? yadi karmabaMdhanadAyI nahIM hai to prANiyoM meM janma, jarA, mRtyu, roga, zoka, uttama, madhyama, adhama kaise ho sakate hai ? isake atirikta karma kA nAnA prakAra kA phala pratyakSa dRSTigocara hotA hai| isase siddha hai ki jIva avazya hai aura vaha kartA hai, karma phala kA bhoktA aura karmayukta hai, phira bhI bauddha sarvazUnyavAda ko mAnate hai| isa prakAra ve spaSTa rUpa se mizrapakSa kA sahArA lete hai| arthAt eka ora ve karmoM ke pRthak-pRthak phala ko mAnate hai, dUsarI ora sarvazUnyavAda ke anusAra sabhI padArthoM kA nAstitva batAte hai| sAMkhya akriyAvAdI AtmA ko sarvavyApI mAnakara use kriyA rahita svIkAra karake bhI jaba prakRti ke viyoga se usakI mukti mAnate haiM, taba ve apanI hI bAta kA khaNDana karate hue AtmA kA baMdha aura mokSa mAnate hai kyoMki mokSa usI kA hogA, jisakA baMdhana hotA ho| taba unake kathanAnusAra hI AtmA kA kriyAvAna honA bhI svIkRta ho jAtA hai| kyoMki kriyA ke binA baMdha-mokSa kadApi sambhava nahIM hai| ata: sAMkhya bhI mizrapakSAzrayI hai, jo AtmA ko niSkriya siddha karate huye apane hI vacana se kriyAvAn kaha baiThate haiN| akriyAvAdI lokAyatika, bauddha tathA sAMkhya vastuta: vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa se aparicita hai| unake anusAra isa saMsAra meM pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu ye cAra dhAtu yA bhUta hai| inase pRthaka sukha-du:kha kA koI bhoktA AtmA nahIM hai| tathA ye padArtha bhI vicAra na karane se satya se pratIta hote hai| parantu ye sabhI padArtha svapna, indrajAla, do candramA ke bhA~ti pratibhAsa rUpa hai, kSaNika hai, AtmA se 352 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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rahita hai| sarvazUnyatAvAdI dRSTi se hI mukti prApta hotI hai - aisA mAnane vAle sarvazUnyatAvAdI samasta padArthoM ko asat kahate hai / ise ve yukti se siddha karate hai parantu vaha yukti bhI yadi asat hai, to kisake bala para AtmA kI asattA siddha kI jAyegI ? yadi mukti ko mAne to sabhI padArtha satya hai / sarvazUnyatAvAdiyoM ke dvArA sUrya ke udaya astaM kA, candra ke vRddhi - hAsa kA, jala evaM vAyu kI gati kA kiyA gayA pratyakSa pramANa se virUddha hai / jaise janmAndha puruSa yA bAda meM dRSTi se rahita huA puruSa dIpaka, mazAla Adi ke prakAza meM bhI ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM ko dekha nahIM sakatA, usI prakAra akriyAvAdI vidyamAna ghaTapaTAdi padArthoM ko nahIM dekha sakatA kyoMki usakI prajJA jJAnAvaraNIyAdi karmoM se DhakI rahatI hai| samasta a~dhere ko miTAne vAle, kamala samUha ko vikasita karane vAle, pratidina udaya - asta evaM gati karate hue sUrya ko to sArA jagata pratyakSa dekhatA hai| candramA bhI zukla kRSNa pakSa meM bar3hatA-ghaTatA dekhA jAtA hai| nadiyA~ varSARtu meM jala pravAha meM bahatI huI pratyakSa dRSTigocara hotI hai| vRkSa, pattoM ke kampana Adi ke dvArA vAyu ke bahane calane kA anumAna hotA hai / akriyAvAdI, jo samasta vastuoM ko mAyA yA indra jAla ke samAna mithyA batAte hai, yaha ayuktisaMgata hai| kyoMki samasta padArthoM kA abhAva mAnane para, amAyArUpa kisI bhI satya vastu ke na hone para mAyA kA bhI abhAva hogA / tathA mAyA kA jo kathana karatA hai tathA jisake prati kathana karatA hai, ina donoM kA bhI abhAva hone se mAyA kA kathana bhI asiddha hI hogA / yahA~ eka aura bAta vicAraNIya hai ki indrajAla kA prayoga bhI tabhI kiyA jAtA hai, jaba jagata meM saccI vastu ho / ataH indrajAla abhAvAtmaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| do candramAoM kI pratIti bhI tabhI hotI hai, jaba do candramA kA pratibhAsa karAne vAle eka candramA kA sadbhAva ho| agara sarvazUnya ho to candramA kI pratIti kaise hogI ? ataH kisI bhI vastu kA atyanta tuccharUpa abhAva - atyantAbhAva nahIM hai| zazaviSANa, kUrmaroma tathA gaganAraviMda Adi meM bhI unake samAsapadavAcya padArtha kA abhAva hai, pratyekapadavAcya padArtha kA abhAva nahIM kyoMki jagata meM zaza (kharagoza) bhI hai aura viSANa (sIMga) bhI hai| zaza ke mastaka para viSANa mAtra kA yahA~ niSedha hai parantu vastu kA Atyantika abhAva nahIM / isa prakAra asti Adi kriyA hone para bhI buddhihIna paratIrthI akriyAvAda kA Azraya lete hai / " 14 samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 353

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jyotiSa Adi aSTAMga nimitta ke jJAtA ko bhUta aura bhaviSya kI jo jAnakArI hotI hai, vaha kisI na kisI padArtha kI sUcaka hotI hai, para sarvazUnyatAvAda mAna lene para yaha nahIM ho sktii| isa prakAra zUnyavAdI akriyAvAdI kahate hai ki ye vidyAyeM satya nahIM hai kyoMki nimitta jJAna bhI kaI bAra jhUThA siddha hotA hai| tathA chIMka Adi apazukana hone para yA muharta Adi dekhe binA kahIM jAne para bhI kAryasiddhi hotI dekhI jAtI hai, isaliye jyotiSiyoM ke phalAdeza mithyA bakavAsa hai| akriyAvAdI kahate hai ki hama to ina vidyAoM ko par3he binA hI ke lokAloka padArthoM ko jAna lete hai| isakA uttara vRttikAra ne isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai - zAstroM kA bhalI bhA~ti adhyayana kiyA jAye aura soca vicAra kara kahA jAye to nimittAdi ke kathana meM koI pharka nahIM pdd'taa| zAstrAbhyAsiyoM meM jo chaha koTi ke jo nyUnAdhika jJAnI vyakti batalAye gaye hai, ve zAstra jJAna kI nyUnAdhikatA kI apekSA se nahIM apitu adhyetA puruSoM ke kSayopazama kI nyUnAdhikatA ke kAraNa se batAye gaye hai| isase zAstrajJAna ko nyUnAdhika yA jhUThA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| pramANAbhAsa meM pharka par3ane se sacce pramANa ko mithyA kahanA yA usameM zaMkA karanA ucita nahIM hai kyoMki mazaka meM dhuMA bharakara usakA mu~ha bA~dhakara koI vyakti anyatra le jAkara usakA mu~ha kholakara kahe ki dekho ! isa mazaka meM dhuMA hai kintu Aga nahIM hai, isaliye jahA~-jahA~ dhuMA hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hai, yaha anumAna pramANa jhUThA hai, yaha kahanA mithyA hai| pramAtA puruSa ke pramAda se pramANa meM doSa batalAnA ThIka nahIM hai, isI prakAra nimitta zAstra Adi kA phala bhI acchI taraha vicAra kara kahA jAye to satya hotA hai| isa prakAra sarvazUnyavAda kA ina pramANoM se khaNDana hone para bhI cAvArka zUnyabodhaka zAstroM kI duhAI dete hai, jo sarvathA anupayukta hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 118 : natyitti akiriyavAdI y| dazAzrutaskandha dazA - 6, sUtra - 3 vahI sU. - 6 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra- 1/12/4-8 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 210 abhidhammattha saMgaho, 5/19 ......pArudAna pariyAyena - diThThadhammavedanIyaM 354 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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11. upapajjavedanIya aparApariyavedanIyaM ahosikammaJceti vahI pR. - 206 vahI pR. - 207 tatvArthavArtika - bhAga - 2, 8/1, pR. - 562 (a) sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA - 199 akiriyANaM ca hoti culsiiti| (ba) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. - 206 (sa) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 209 vahI - 215 vahI - 215 : mAtA-pitarau hatyA buddhazarIre ca ruudhirmutpaaty| arhadvadhaM ca kRtvA, stUpaM bhitvA ca AvIcinarakaM ca yaanti|| vahI - 215-216 vahI - 217 (a) vahI - 218-219 (ca) sUtrakRtAMga amarasukhabodhinI vyAkhyA, pra.zru. - pR. 867-870 12. 13. 14. 15. 4. kriyAvAda samavazaraNa adhyayana meM caturtha vAda ke rUpa meM kriyAvAda kA vizleSaNa hai| jo darzana AtmA, loka, gati - anAgati, janma-maraNa, zAzvata-azAzvata, cyavana - upapAta, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA ko mAnatA hai, vaha kriyAvAdI hai| niyuktikAra ne asti ke AdhAra para kriyAvAda kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|' kriyAvAda kI vistRta vyAkhyA dazAzrutaskandha meM milatI hai| vahA~ usake cAra artha phalita hote hai (1) astitvavAda - AtmA aura loka ke astitva kI sviikRti| (2) samyagvAda - nitya aura anitya donoM dharmoM kI svIkRti - syAdvAda, anekaantvaad| (3) punrjnmvaad| (4) aatmkrtRtvvaad| kriyAvAda meM una sabhI dharmavAdoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA hai, jo AtmA Adi padArthoM ke astitva meM vizvAsa karate the aura AtmA ke kartRtva ko svIkAra karate the| ___ AcArAMga sUtra meM cAra vAdoM kA ullekha hai - AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura kriyaavaad|' prastuta sandarbha meM AtmavAda, lokavAda aura karmavAda kA svatantra samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 355

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nirUpaNa hai| isa avasthA meM kriyAvAda kA artha kevala AtmakartRtvavAda hI hogaa| sUtrakRtAMga meM kriyAvAda kA pratipAdana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai - tIrthaMkara loka ko bhalIbhA~ti jAnakara zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM ko yaha yathArtha batAte hai- du:kha svayaMkRta hai, kisI dUsare ke dvArA kRta nahIM hai| (du:kha kI) mukti. vidyA aura AcaraNa ke dvArA hotI hai| ve tIrthaMkara loka ke cakSa aura nAyaka hai| ve janatA ke liye hitakara mArga kA anuzAsana karate hai| unhoMne vaise-vaise (Asakti ke anurUpa) loka ko zAzvata kahA hai| he mAnava! usameM yaha prajA saMpragAr3ha-Asakta hai| __jo rAkSasa, yamaloka ke deva (nAraka),asura aura gandharvanikAya ke deva hai, jo AkAzagAmI (pakSI Adi) haiM, jo pRthvI ke Azrita prANI hai, ve saba bArabAra viparyAsa (janma-maraNa) ko prApta hote hai| . jise apAra salila kA pravAha kahA jAtA hai, use durmokSa gahana saMsAra jAno, jisameM viSaya aura a~ganA donoM pramAdoM se pramatta hokara loka meM anusaMcaraNa karate hai| cUrNikAra ne prastuta adhyayana ke prathama zloka kI vyAkhyA meM kriyAvAda ke bAre saMkSipta jAnakArI prastuta kI hai| kriyAvAdI jIva kA astitva mAnate hai| usakA astitva mAnane para bhI ve usake svarUpa ke viSaya meM eka mata nahIM hai| kucha jIva ko sarvavyApI mAnate hai, kucha jIva ko sarvavyApI nahIM mAnate hai| kucha mUrta mAnate hai aura kucha amuurt| kucha use aMguSTha jitanA mAnate hai aura kucha use zyAmAkatandula jitnaa| kucha use hRdaya meM adhiSThita pradIpa kI zikhA jaisA mAnate hai| kriyAvAdI karma aura karmaphala bhI mAnate hai|' . ekAnta kriyAvAdI ve hai, jo ekAnta rUpa se jIva Adi padArthoM kA astitva mAnate hai tathA jJAnarahita kevala dIkSA Adi se hI mokSa prApti mAnate hai| ve kahate hai, mAtA-pitA Adi saba hai, zubha karma kA phala bhI milatA hai kintu milatA kevala kriyA se hI hai| jIva jaisI-2 kriyAe~ karatA hai, tadanusAra use svarga, naraka, sukha-du:kha Adi ke rUpa meM karma phala milatA hai| saMsAra meM sukha-du:kha Adi jo kucha bhI hotA hai, vaha saba apanA kiyA huA hI hotA hai, kAna, Izvara Adi dUsaroM ke dvArA kiyA huA nahIM hotaa| sAMkhya Adi kevala jJAna se hI mukti mAnane kA kathana karate hai| ata: ve jJAnavAdI hai| ajJAnavAdI kevala kriyA (zIla-AcAra) se mukti kA kathana 356 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

Page #363
karate hai| ina donoM ekAntika matoM kA nirAsa karane ke liye sUtrakAra ne 11vIM gAthA ke cauthe caraNa meM 'AhaMsu vijjA caraNaM pamokkhaM' kA ullekha karate hue jJAna aura kriyA donoM ke samanvaya kI bAta kahI hai|' cUrNikAra ne isa tathya kI puSTi meM siddhasena kA eka zloka uddhRta kiyA hai| kriyAMca sajjJAna viyoga niSphalAM kriyA vihinAM ca nibodha sNpdm| nirarthakA kleza samUha zAntaye tvayA zivAyA'likhiteva pddhti:|| sadajJAna ke binA kriyA niSphala hai aura kriyAvihIna jJAnasampadA bhI niSphala hai| Apane (mahAvIra ne) kevala jJAna yA kriyA ko kleza samUha kI zAnti ke liye nirarthaka batAkara jagata ko kalyANakArI mArga batAyA hai| isakA Azaya yaha hai ki ekAnta kriyA se mokSa nahIM hotA, isake sAtha samyagjJAna honA Avazyaka hai| jJAna rahita kriyA mAtra se koI kArya siddha nahIM hotaa| sabhI kriyAe~ jJAna ke sAtha phala detI hai| dazavaikAlika sUtra ke 'paDhamaM nANaM tao dayA' kI ukti isI tathya kA saMketa hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM bhI vidyA aura caraNa ina do sthAnoM se sampanna aNAgAra ko anAdi-ananta, pralaMba mArgavAle tathA cAra antavAle saMsAra rUpI kAntAra ko pAra karane vAlA batAyA gayA hai|' uttarAdhyayana meM mokSa ke cAra dvAra batAye gaye hai - jJAna, darzana, cAritra tathA tp| inheM kramaza: jJAna yoga, bhakti yoga, AcAra yoga aura tapoyoga kahA jA sakatA hai| prastuta sUtra meM mArga catuSTayI kA saMkSepa hai| vidyA meM jJAna aura darzana tathA caraNa meM cAritra aura tapa samAviSTa ho jAtA hai| umAsvAti kA prasiddha sUtra 'samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH' ina donoM ke AdhAra para hI saMcarita hai| uparokta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki jJAna nirapekSa kriyA se athavA kriyA nirapekSa jJAna se mokSa nahIM hotA isaliye zAstrakAra spaSTa kahate hai ki tIrthaMkaroM ne jJAna aura kriyA donoM se mokSa kahA hai| kriyAvAda ke 180 bheda niyuktikAra ne kriyAvAda ke 180 bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai|'' cUrNikAra tathA vRttikAra ne isakA vivaraNa isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai- jIva, ajIva, puNya, samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 357

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pApa, Azrava, saMvara, nirjarA, baMdha aura mokSa ye nau tattva hai| svata: aura parata: kI apekSA se inake 1 8 bheda hue| ina aThAraha bhedoM ke nitya aura anitya kI apekSA chattIsa bheda hue| inameM pratyeka ke kAla, niyati, svabhAva, Izvara aura AtmA ina pA~coM kI apekSA se pA~ca-pA~ca bheda karane para (36x5) 180 bheda hue| isakI cAraNA isa prakAra hai - jIva sva-rUpa se kAla, niyati, svabhAva, Izvara aura AtmA kI apekSA nitya hai| ye nityapada ke pA~ca bheda hue aura isI prakAra anitya pada ke bhI pA~ca bheda hue| 10 bheda jIva ke sva-rUpa se nitya anitya kI apekSA se hue| isI prakAra jIva ke para-rUpa se nitya tathA anitya kI apekSA se karane para kula 20 bheda hue| zeSa sabhI tattvoM kI isI prakAra saMyojanA karanI caahiye| ina sabakA saMkalana karane para kula 180 (20x9) bheda hote hai| AcArya akalaMka ne kriyAvAda ke kucha AcAryoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai - marIci kumAra, ulUka, kapila, gArgya, vyAghrabhUti, vAdali, mAThara, maudgalAyana aadi| samyakriyAvAda evaM usake prarUpaka - vRttikAra ne prastuta adhyayana kI 12vIM gAthA se 16vIM gAthA taka kI vRtti meM samyagkriyAvAda evaM usake mArgadarzaka kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| inase cAra tathya phalita hote hai - - 1. loka zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata bhI hai| 2. cAroM gatiyoM ke jIva apane-apane karmoM ke anusAra sukha-du:kha pAte hai tathA svata: saMsAra meM paribhramaNa karate hai- kAla, Izvara se prerita hokara nhiiN| saMsAra-sAgara svayaMbhUramaNa samudra ke samAna dustIrNa hai| tIrthaMkara lokacakSu hai, dharma ke nAyaka hai, samyagakriyAvAda ke prarUpaka hai, unhoMne saMsAra aura mokSa kA yathArtha svarUpa batAkara samyagakriyAvAda kI prarUpaNA kI hai| athavA jIva, ajIva Adi nau tattvoM ke astitva-nAstitva kI kAla Adi pA~ca kAraNoM ke samavasaraNa (samanvaya) kI sApekSa prarUpaNA kI hai, isaliye ve isa bhAva samavasaraNa ke prarUpaka hai| ajJAnI manuSya karma se karma ko kSINa nahIM karate hai| medhAvI lobha aura mada se atIta hote hai| santoSI manuSya pApa nahIM krtaa| ve tIrthakara loka ke atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ko yathArtha rUpa meM jAnate 358 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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hai / ve dUsaroM ke netA hai / ve svayaMbuddha hone ke kAraNa dUsaroM ke dvArA saMcAlita nahIM hai| ve bhava kA anta karane vAle hai / jisase sabhI jIva bhaya khAte hai usa hiMsA se udvigna hone ke kAraNa ve svayaM hiMsA nahIM karate, dUsaroM se bhI nahIM karavAte / ve dhIra puruSa sadA saMyamI aura viziSTa parAkramI hote hai, jabaki kucha puruSa vAgvIra hote hai; karmavIra nahIM / s uparokta tIna sUtragAthAoM meM samyakriyAvAda ke sambandha meM pA~ca rahasya prastuta kiye gaye hai - 1. kriyAvAda ke nAma para pApakarma karane vAle karmakSaya karake mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakate / karma kA sarvathA kSaya karane hetu mahAprAjJa sAdhaka sAvadya evaM niravadya sabhI karmoM ke Agamana ko rokakara anta meM sarvathA akriya (yoga rahita) avasthA meM pahu~ca jAte hai| arthAt kathaMcit akriyAvAda ko bhI apanAte hai / 2. 3. aise medhAvI sAdhaka lobhamayI kriyAoM se sarvathA dUra rahakara yathAlAbha santuSTa hokara pApayukta kriyA nahIM karate / aise medhAvI samyagkriyAvAdiyoM ke netA yA to svayaMbuddha hote hai yA sarvajJa hote hai| unakA koI netA nahIM hotaa| ve loka ke atIta, anAgata tathA vartamAna vRttAntoM ko yathAvasthita rUpa se jAnate hai aura saMsAra ke kAraNabhUta karmoM kA anta kara dete hai / aise mahApuruSa pApakarmoM se ghRNA karate huye prANivadha kI AzaMkA se kriyAvAda ke nAma para na to svayaM pApakarma karate hai, na dUsaroM se karavAte hai| ve sadaiva pApa karma se nivRtta rahate hai / yahI unakA jJAnayukta samyakriyAvAda hai, jabaki anyadarzanI jJAna mAtra se hI vIra banate hai, samyaka kriyA se dUra rahate hai / " prastuta zrutaskandha ke prathama samaya adhyayana ke dvitIya uddezaka meM bauddhoM ke karmopacaya niSedhavAda kA ekAnta kriyAvAdI ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jabaki bauddha grantha aMguttaranikAya ke tRtIya bhAga vinayapiTaka tathA prastuta samavasaraNa adhyayana ke 5/6 zloka kI cUrNi evaM vRtti meM bhI bauddha darzana ko akriyAvAdiyoM kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA gayA hai, vaha apekSA bheda se samajhanA cAhiye / samavazaraNa adhyayana meM pratipAdita cAra vAda tathA 363 mata / 359 4. 5. -

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kriyAvAda kI samIkSA ekAntakriyAvAdI isaliye mithyAdarzanI hai, kyoMki ve ekAnta rUpa se jIvAdi tattvoM kA astitva svIkAra karate hai| unake anusAra jIvAdi padArtha hai hI / jaba jIva ko ekAnta rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha saba prakAra se hai kintu kisI prakAra se nahIM hai, aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / aisI sthiti meM jIva jaise apane svarUpa se sat hai, usI prakAra dUsare (ghaTapaTAdi) rUpa se bhI sat hone lgegaa| aisA hone se jagata ke samasta padArtha eka ho jAyeMge / jagata ke samasta vyavahAroM kA uccheda ho jAyegA / ataH kriyAvAdiyoM ke mantavya ke sambandha meM zAstrakAra kahate hai ki kriyAvAdiyoM kA kathana kisI eka aMza taka hI ThIka hai ki kriyA se mokSa hotA hai, AtmA aura sukha Adi hai, parantu ve sarvathA hai hI, isa prakAra kI ekAnta prarUpaNA yathArtha nahIM hone se ve mithyAdarzanI hai| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 119 : atthiti kiriyavAdI ya / sUtrakRtAMga niyukti gAthA dazAzrutaskandha, dazA - 6, sUtra - 7 - kiriyavAdI yAMvi bhavati, taM jahAahiyavAdI, ahiyapaNNe, ahiyadiTThI, sammAvAdI, nIyAvAdI saMtipalogavAdI, atthi ihaloge atthi para loge.... suciNNA kammA suciNNA phalA bhavaMti, duciNNA kammA duciNNA phalA bhavati / AyAro, 1/5 - se AyAvAI, loyAvAI, kammAvAI, kiriyAbAI / sandarbha evaM TippaNI sUyagaDo, 1/12/11-14 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 207 sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 218 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. 213 : vijjayA caraNeNa pamokkho bhavati, na tu yathA sAMkhyA jJAnenevaikena, ajJAnikAzca zIlanaivaikena / siddhasenadvAtriMzikA - 1, kArikA 29 ThANaM, 2/40 uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 28/2 sUtrakRtAMga niyuktigAthA (a) sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. tatvArthavArtika bhAga 2, 8/1, J. 562 206 - - - - 119 sUtrakRtAMga vRttapatra - 218-220 1/12/15-17 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra 210-221 360 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana - (ca) sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra - 218

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sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 1. prAcIna jainAgamoM meM varNita paMcamahAbhUtavAda tathA tajjIva-taccharIravAda kI samIkSA sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita paMcamahAbhUtavAda tathA tajjIva-taccharIravAda ko vRttikAra zIlAMka ne lokAyata (cArvAka) darzana kA abhimata kahA hai| lokAyata darzana kA bhAratIya dArzanika cintana meM bhautikavAdI darzana ke rUpa meM viziSTa sthAna hai| bhAratIya cintana meM bhautikavAdI jIvana dRSTi kI upasthiti ke pramANa atiprAcIna kAla se hI upalabdha hote hai| bhArata kI pratyeka dhArmika evaM dArzanika cintanadhArA meM usakI samAlocanA kI gayI hai| jaina dharma evaM darzana ke granthoM meM bhI bhautikavAdI jIvanadRSTi kA pratipAdana evaM samIkSA atiprAcIna kAla se hI milane lagatI hai| prAcInatama Agama sAhitya meM mukhyatayA AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita ko samAhita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ye sabhI grantha I.pU. pAMcavI zatI se lekara I.pU. tIsarI zatI se bIca nirmita hue hai, aisA mAnA jAtA hai|' prastuta vivecanA meM mukhya rUpa se paMcamahAbhUtavAda evaM tajjIva-taccharIravAda kI avadhAraNA, usake dvArA kiye gaye khaNDanoM ke prastutIkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha ina AgAmoM meM upalabdha samIkSAe~ bhI prastuta kI gayI hai| RSibhASita meM (I. pU. 4thI sadI) bhautikavAdI jIvana dRSTi kA prastutIkaraNa bahuta hI viziSTa prakAra kA hai| usameM jo daNDokkala, rajjUkkala, stenokkala, desokkala, savvokkala ke nAma se bhautikavAdiyoM ke pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 361

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hai, vaha anya kisI bhI bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMga ke dvitIya zrUtaskandha evaM rAjapraznIya meM cAvArka darzana kI sthApanA aura khaNDana ke liye jo tarka prastuta kiye haiM, ve bhI mahattvapUrNa kahe jA sakate hai| isake atirikta prAkRta Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya meM mukhyata: vizeSAvazyakabhASya (6ThI zatI) ke gaNadharavAda' meM lagabhaga 500 gAthAoM meM bhautikavAdI cArvAka darzana kI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA mahAvIra kI gautama Adi 11 gaNadharoM ke madhya hue vAda-vivAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gayI hai, vaha bhI atimahattvapUrNa hai| AgamoM kI prAkRta evaM saMskRta vyAkhyAoM yathA-niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi, vRtti Adi ke atirikta jaina dArzanika granthoM meM bhI bhautikavAdI jIvana dRSTi kI samIkSAe~ upalabdha hai kintu ina sabako to kisI eka kisI eka svatantra grantha meM hI sameTA jA sakatA hai| ata: isa adhyAya kI sImA maryAdA ko dekhate hue hama apanI vivecanA ko prAkRta Agama sAhitya taka hI sImita rkheNge| AcArAMga meM lokasaMjJA ke rUpa meM lokAyata darzana kA nirdeza jaina AgamoM meM AcArAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha atiprAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| isameM spaSTa rUpa se lokAyata darzana kA ullekha to nahIM hai kintu grantha meM isakI samIkSA kI gayI hai| sUtra ke prArambha meM kahA gayA hai ki kucha logoM ko yaha jJAta nahIM hotA ki merI AtmA punarjanma (aupapAtika) karane vAlI hai| maiM kahA~ se AyA hU~ aura isa jIvana ke pUrNa hone ke pazcAt kahA~ janma grahaNa karU~gA ? sUtrakAra kahate hai ki vyakti ko yaha jAnanA cAhiye ki merI AtmA aupapAtika hai, jo ina dizAoM aura vidizAoM meM saMcaraNa karatI hai aura vahI maiM huuN| vastutaH jo yaha jAnatA hai, vahI AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI hai|' isa prakAra isa grantha meM lokAyata darzana kI mAnyatA ke viruddha cAra bAtoM kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| AtmA kI svatantra sattA ko svIkAra karanA AtmavAda hai| saMsAra ko yathArtha aura AtmA ko loka meM janma-maraNa karane vAlA samajhanA lokavAda hai| AtmA ko zubhAzubha karmoM kA kartA, bhoktA aura nitya pariNAmI mAnanA kriyAvAda AcArAMga meM lokasaMjJA kA tyAga karake ina siddhAntoM meM vizvAsa karane kA bhI nirdeza diyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki AcArAMga meM lokAyata yA cArvAka 362 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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darzana kA nirdeza loka saMjJA ke rUpa meM huA hai| yadyapi inameM ina mAnyatAoM kI samAlocanA kI gayI hai kintu usakI koI tArkika bhUmikA prastuta nahIM kI gayI hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama adhyAya meM hameM paMcamahAbhUtavAda tathA tajjIva-taccharIravAda ke ullekha prApta hote hai, jisakA vistRta varNana hama pUrva adhyAya meM kara hI cuke hai| uttarAdhyayana meM sat-asat kI prastuti uttarAdhyayana ke caudahaveM adhyAya meM cArvAkoM kA asat se sat kI utpatti kA siddhAnta prastuta kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki cArvAkoM kA paMcamahAbhUta se cetanA kI utpatti kA siddhAnta vastuta: asat se sat kI utpatti kA siddhAnta hai| yadyapi uttarAdhyayana meM asatkAryavAda kA jo udAharaNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha asatkAryavAda ke pakSa meM na jAkara satkAryavAda ke pakSa meM hI jAtA hai| jaisearaNi meM agni, dUdha meM ghRta aura tila meM tela asat hokara bhI utpanna hote hai, usI prakAra zarIra meM jIva bhI asat hokara hI utpanna hotA hai aura usa zarIra kA nAza ho jAne para vaha bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| cArvAkoM kA yaha tarka sarvathA ayuktisaMgata hai| yadi asat se sat kI utpatti hone lage taba to tila se hI kyoM, bAlu se bhI tela nikalanA cAhiye parantu aisA kabhI nahIM dekhA jaataa| ata: paMcabhUtoM se bhI caitanya kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| AtmA eka svatantra tattva hai, jo na kabhI janma letA hai, na kabhI mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| RSibhASita meM prastuta tajjIva-taccharIravAda RSibhAsita sUtra kA 20vA~ utkala nAmaka sampUrNa adhyayana cArvAka darzana kI mAnyatAoM ke prastutIkaraNa se yukta hai| cArvAka darzana ke tajjIva-taccharIravAda kA prastutIkaraNa isa grantha meM nimnavat huA hai ..... 'pAdatala se upara aura mastaka ke kezAgra se nIce tathA sampUrNa zarIra kI tvacA paryanta jIva Atma paryAya ko prApta ho jIvana jItA hai| aura itanA hI mAtra jIva hai| jisa prakAra bIja ke bhuna jAne para usase puna: aMkura kI utpatti nahIM hotI, usI prakAra zarIra ke dagdha ho jAne para usase puna: jIva kI utpatti nahIM hotI / isaliye jIvana itanA hI hai arthAt zarIra kI utpatti aura vinAza paryanta hI jIvana hai| na paraloka hai, na sukRta-duSkRta karmoM kA phalavipAka hai| jIva kA punarjanma bhI nahIM hotA hai| puNya sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 363

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aura pApa jIva kA saMsparza nahIM karate hai aura isa taraha kalyANa aura pApa niSphala __ isa grantha meM cArvAka darzana ke sandarbha meM sabase mahattvapUrNa bAta yaha hai ki inameM karma siddhAnta kA utthApana karane vAle cArvAkoM ke pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha huA hai jo anya dArzanika granthoM meM milane vAle dehAtmavAda, indriyAtmavAda, mana:AtmavAda Adi prakAroM se bhinna hai| isameM nimna prakAra se pA~ca ukkaloM kA ullekha hai - ___1. daNDokkala - ye vicAraka daNDa ke dRSTAnta dvArA yaha pratipAdita karate hai ki jisa prakAra daNDa ke Adi madhya aura antima bhAga pRthak-pRthak hokara daNDa saMjJA ko prApta nahIM hote hai, usI prakAra zarIra se bhinna hokara jIva, jIva nahIM hotaa| ata: zarIra ke nAza ho jAne para bhava/ janma paramparA kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| unake anusAra sampUrNa zarIra meM hokara jIva jIvana ko prApta hotA hai| vastuta: zarIra aura jIvana kI apRthaktA hI ina vicArakoM kI mUlabhUta dArzanika mAnyatA thii| daNDokkala dehAtmavAdI the| 2. rajjUkkala - rajjUkkalavAdiyoM ke anusAra jisa prakAra rajjU tantuoM kA samudAya mAtra hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI paMcamahAbhUtoM kA skandha mAtra hai| una skandhoM ke vicchinna hone para bhava-santati kA bhI viccheda ho jAtA hai|' vastuta: ye vicAraka paMcamahAbhUtoM ke samUha ko hI jagata kA mUla tattva mAnate the aura jIva ko svatantra tattva ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate the| rajjUkkala skandhavAdI the| . 3. stenokkala - RSibhAsita ke anusAra stenokkala bhautikavAdI anya zAstroM ke dRSTAntoM ko lekara unakI svapakSa meM udbhAvanA karake yaha kahate the ki yaha hamArA kathana hai| isa prakAra ve dUsaroM ke siddhAntoM kA uccheda karate the| 4. dezokkala - RSibhAsita meM, jo AtmA ke astitva ko siddha karake bhI jIva ko akartA mAnate the, unheM dezokkala kahA gayA hai| AtmA ko akartA mAnane para pUNya-pApa, bandhana-mokSa kI vyavasthA nahIM bana pAtI hai. isaliye isa prakAra ke vicArakoM ko bhI AMzika rUpa se ucchedavAdI hI kahA gayA hai| sambhavata: RSibhAsita hI eka aisA grantha hai, jo Atma akartAvAdiyoM ko ucchedavAdI kahatA hai| vastuta: ye sAMkhya aura aupaniSadika vedAnta ke hI pUrva rUpa the| ____5. savvukkala - sarvotkula abhAva se hI sabakI utpatti batAte hai| aisA 364 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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koI tattva nahIM hai, jo sarvathA sarva prakAra se sarva kAla meM rahatA ho| isa prakAra ye sarvocchedavAda kI saMsthApanA karate the| jo loga zUnya yA abhAva se hI sRSTi kI utpatti mAnate the, ve sarvotkUla the| sambhavata: yaha bauddha granthoM meM sUcita ucchedavAdI dRSTi kA koI prAcInatama rUpa thA, jo tArkikatA se yukta hokara bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hogaa| saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki RSibhASita meM jo zarIra paryanta AtmaparyAya mAnane kA siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai, vahI jainoM dvArA AtmA ko deha parimANa mAnane ke siddhAnta kA pUrva rUpa pratIta hotA hai kyoMki isa grantha meM zarIrAtmavAda ke nirAkaraNa ke samaya isa kathana ko svapakSa meM bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isameM jo dehAtmavAda kA nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, vaha Thosa tArkika AdhAroM para sthita nahIM hai| mAtra yaha kaha diyA gayA hai ki jIva kA jIvana zarIra kI utpatti aura vinAza kI kAla sImA taka sImita nahIM hai| rAjapraznIya meM cArvAka mata kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA AcArya malayagiri ne rAyapaseNIya sUtra ko sUtrakRtAMga kA upAMga mAnA hai| unakA mantavya hai ki sUtrakRtAMga meM kriyAvAdI, akriyAvAdI, ajJAnavAdI, vinayavAdI prabhRti pAkhaNDiyoM ke 363 mata pratipAdita hai| unameM se akriyAvAdI mata ko AdhAra banAkara rAjA pradezI ne kezI zramaNa se jo praznottara kiye the, unakA ullekha rAjapraznIya sUtra meM milatA hai| tajjIva-taccharIravAda kI sthApanA evaM samIkSA bhI isI praznottara meM vistRta rUpa meM varNita huI hai| rAyapraznIya meM cArvAka darzana kA jo prastutIkaraNa upalabdha hotA hai, ThIka yahI carcA hameM bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya meM buddha aura 'rAjA pasANIya' ke bIca hone kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina AgamoM meM isa carcA ko pApitya paramparA ke, mahAvIra ke samakAlIna AcArya kezIkumAra zramaNa aura rAjA pAyAsI tathA bauddha tripiTaka meM buddha aura pAyAsI ke bIca sampanna huA batAyA jAtA hai| yadyapi kucha jaina AcAryoM ne payesI kA saMskRta rUpa pradezI mAna liyA hai| kintu devavAcaka, siddhasena gaNi, malayagiri aura municandrasUri ne rAjA prasenajita ko hI mAnA hai, jo aitihAsika dRSTi se adhika prAmANika lagatA hai|| ' prasenajita ko zvetAmbikA (seyaviyA) nagarI kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai, jo itihAsa siddha hai| unakA sArathI citta kezI kumAra ko zrAvastI se yahA~ kevala isaliye lekara AyA thA ki rAjA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 365

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- kI bhautikavAdI jIvana dRSTi ko parivartita kiyA jA ske| kathA vastu kI prAcInatA, prAmANikatA tathA tArkikatA kI dRSTi se ise bhI prastuta vivecana meM samAhita kiyA gayA hai / cArvAka darzana ke dehAtmavAdI dRSTikoNa ke samarthana meM aura usake khaNDana ke liye tarka prastuta karane vAlA prathama grantha rAjapraznIya sUtra hai / yahI eka mAtra aisA prAkRta Agama grantha hai, jo cArvAka darzana ke ucchedavAda aura tajjIva-taccharIravAda ke pakSa aura pratipakSa, donoM ke sandarbha meM tarka prastuta karatA hai| rAjapraznIya meM cArvAkoM kI ina mAnyatAoM ke pUrva pakSa ko aura unakA khaNDana karane vAle uttara pakSa ko nimna rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai - rAjA pradezI (prasenajIta ) - he kezI kumAra zramaNa ! yadi Apa zramaNa nirgranthoM kI aisI mAnyatA hai ki jIva bhinna hai aura zarIra bhinna hai kintu yadi aisI mAnyatA nahIM hai ki jo jIva hai, vahI zarIra hai, to mere dAdA atyanta adhArmika the / Apake kathanAnusAra ve avazyameva naraka meM utpanna hue hoNge| maiM apane pitAmaha kA atyanta priya pautra thA / ataH pitAmaha ko Akara mujhase yaha kahanA cAhiye ki he pautra ! maiM tumhArA pitAmaha thA aura isI seyaviyA (zvetAmbikA) nagarI meM adhArmika yAvat prajAjanoM se rAjakara lekara bhI unakA yathocita rUpa se pAlana nahIM karatA thaa| isa kAraNa atIva kaluSita pApa karmoM kA saMcaya karake maiM naraka meM utpanna huA huuN| kintu pautra ! tuma adhArmika nahIM honA / prajAjanoM se kara lekara unake pAlana, rakSaNa meM pramAda mata karanA, aura na kaluSita, malina pApa karmoM kA saMcaya karanA / he bhadanta ! maiM Apake kathana para tabhI zraddhA evaM pratIti kara sakatA hU~ ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna hai, jaba mere pitAmaha Akara mujhe khe| lekina yadi pitAmaha Akara nahIM kahate, taba taka merI yaha dhAraNA acala hai ki jo jIva hai, vahI zarIra hai| kezI zramaNa - he pradezI ! yadi tuma apanI rAnI sUryakAntA devI ko snAnAdi ra, AbhUSaNoM se vibhUSita hokara kisI anya puruSa ke sAtha kAmabhogoM ko bhogate hue dekha lo to tuma use kyA daNDa doge? pradezI - he bhagavan! maiM usa puruSa ke hAtha paira kATa DAlU~gA, use zUlI para car3hA dU~gA athavA use jIvana rahita kara dU~gA / zramaNa - he rAjan ! yadi vaha puruSa tumase yaha kahe- svAmI ghar3I bhara rUko / taba taka mere hAtha-pA~va na kATo, jaba taka ki maiM apane mitra, 366 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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jJAnoM ko yaha batA na AU~ ki maiM aise pApa karma karane se yaha daNDa bhoga rahA hU~ ata: tuma aise pApa karma na karanA, jisase aisI sajA bhoganI pdd'e| he rAjan ! kyA tuma usa puruSa kI bAta kSaNa mAtra ke liye bhI mAnoge ? he bhadanta ! maiM usakI bAta nahIM mAna sakatA kyoMki vaha puruSa aparAdhI hai| kezI zramaNa - he rAjan ! isI prakAra naraka meM utpanna tumhAre pitAmaha tumheM pratibodha dene ke liye AnA cAhakara bhI yahA~ Ane meM asamartha hai| nArakIya jIva nimna cAra kAraNoM se pRthvI loka para nahIM A sakate - pradezI - 1. 2. 3. 4. unameM naraka se nikalakara manuSya loka meM Ane kA sAmarthya hI nahIM hotA / narakapAla unheM naraka se bAhara nikalane kI anumati nahIM dete / naraka sambandhI azAtA vedanIya karma ke kSaya nahIM hone ke kAraNa ve vahA~ se nikala nahIM paate| unakA naraka sambandhI AyuSya karma jaba taka kSINa nahIM hotA taba taka ve vahA~ se nikala nahIM sakate / ataeva pradezI ! tuma yaha mAnyatA rakho ki jIva aura zarIra donoM bhinna-2 hai| jJAtavya hai ki dIghanikAya meM bhI naraka se manuSya loka A pAne ke inhIM cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kezI zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne dUsarA tarka kiyA prastuta pradezI - he zramaNa ! merI dAdI atyanta dhArmika thii| Apake matAnusAra vaha avazya hI svarga meM utpanna huI hogii| maiM apanI dAdI kI A~khoM kA tArA thaa| atyanta priya thA / ataH use yahA~ Akara mujhe yaha batAnA cAhiye ki maiM apane puNya karmoM ke anusAra svarga meM utpanna huI huuN| tuma bhI mere jaisA dhArmika jIvana jIo, jisase vipula puNya kA saMcaya karake svargaloka meM utpanna ho sako / cU~ki merI dAdI ne svarga se Akara aisA upadeza nahIM diyA / maiM yaha nahIM mAnatA ki jIva alaga aura zarIra alaga hai| ataH sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 367 -

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kezI zramaNa - he rAjan ! tuma yadi snAna, balikarmAdi se nivRtta hokara devakula meM praviSTa ho rahe ho, usa samaya koI puruSa zaucAlaya meM khar3A hokara kahe ki he svAmin ! kucha samaya ke liye yahA~ Ao, mere pAsa baiTho to kyA tuma usakI bAta mAnoge ? nizcita rUpa se tuma usa sthAna para jAnA pasanda nahIM kroge| isI prakAra herAjana ! devaloka meM utpanna deva vahA~ ke divya kAmabhogoM meM itane mUchita, gRddha aura Asakta ho jAte hai ki ve manuSya loka meM Ane kI icchA hI nahIM krte| dUsarA, devaloka sambandhI divya kAmabhogoM meM masta ho jAne ke kAraNa manuSya sambandhI prema bhI vicchinna ho jAtA hai| ata: ve manuSya loka meM nahIM A paate| tIsarA, devaloka meM utpanna deva vahA~ kI kAmakrIr3A meM mUchita hone ke kAraNa abhI jAtA hU~, abhI jAtA hU~, aisA socate hI raha jAte hai aura utane samaya meM alpAyuSya vAle manuSya maraNa ko prApta ho jAte hai| kyoMki devaloka kA eka dina-rAta manuSya loka ke sau varSoM ke barAbara hotA hai ata: eka dina kA bhI vilamba hone para yahA~ manuSya mRtyu ko prApta ho jAtA hai aura manuSya loka itanA durgandhita aura aniSTakara hai ki dAdI ke svarga se nahIM Ane para yaha zraddhA rakhanA ucita nahIM hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-2 nahIM hai| pradezI - bhagavan ! eka cora ko maiMne jIvita hI lohe kI kumbhI meM banda karavAkara acchI taraha se lohe se usakA muMha Dhaka diyaa| phira usa para garama lohe aura rAMge kA lepa karavA diyA tathA usakI dekharekha ke liye apane vizvAsapAtra puruSoM ko rakha diyaa| kucha dinoM pazcAt maiMne usa kuMbhI ko khulavAyA to dekhA ki vaha manuSya mara cukA thA kintu usa kuMbhI meM koI bhI chidra, darAra yA vivara nahIM thA jisase usameM banda puruSa kA jIva bAhara nikalA ho| ata: jIva aura zarIra eka hI hai| kezI zramaNa - he rAjan ! eka aisI kuTAgArazAlA ho, jo acchI taraha se AcchAdita ho, usakA dvAra gupta ho, yahA~ taka ki usameM kucha bhI praveza nahIM kara ske| yadi usa kuTAgArazAlA meM koI vyakti jora 368 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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se bherI bajAye to tuma batAo ki vaha AvAja bAhara sunAI degI yA nahIM ? nizcaya hI vaha AvAja sunAyI degii| rAjan ! jisa prakAra nizchidra makAna meM se AvAja bAhara AtI hai, usI prakAra jIva pRthvIzilA tathA parvata ko bhI bhedakara bAhara jA sakatA hai| kyoMki jIva apratihata gati vAlA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki aba yaha tarka vijJAna sammata nahIM raha gayA hai / yadyapi AtmA kI amUrtatA ke AdhAra para rAjA ke tarka kA pratyuttara diyA jA sakatA hai| kezI kumAra zramaNa ke isa pratyuttara ko sunakara rAjA ne eka anya tarka prastuta kiyA - pradezI - bhagavana ! maiMne eka puruSa ko prANa rahita karake eka lauha kuMbhI meM DalavA diyA tathA Dhakkana se use banda karake usa para zIze kA lepa karavA diyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt jaba usa kuMbhI ko kholA gayA to use kRmikula se vyApta dekhA kintu usameM koI darAra yA chidra nahIM thA, phira ve kIDe vahA~ kaise A gaye ? ataH jJAta hotA hai ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna nahIM hai| kezI zramaNa - rAjan ! jisa prakAra lohe ke gole meM cheda nahIM hone para bhI agni usameM praveza kara jAtI hai, usI prakAra jIva bhI anirUddha gativAlA hone se kahIM bhI praveza kara jAtA hai| isase jIva aura zarIra kI ekatA siddha nahIM hotI / pradezI - he zramaNa zreSTha ! eka vyakti dhanurvidyA meM kuzala hai, kintu vahI vyakti bAlyAvasthA meM eka bhI bANa nahIM chor3a sakatA thA / yadi bAlyAvasthA aura yuvAvasthA meM jIva eka hone se eka sadRza zakti hotI to maiM samajhatA ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna hai / kezI zramaNa - rAjan ! dhanurvidyA meM niSNAta koI vyakti naye dhanuSa bANa dvArA jitanI kuzalatA dikhA sakatA hai, utanI kuzalatA vaha purAne evaM jIrNa-zIrNa dhanuSa-bANa se nahIM dikhA sakatA / arthAt dhanurvidyA meM kuzala vyakti ke zaktizAlI hone para bhI upakaraNoM ke abhAva meM vaha apanI zakti nahIM dikhA sktaa| isI prakAra bAlyAvasthA meM zakti kI kamI ke kAraNa vyakti apanI zakti kA pradarzana nahIM kara sakatA / yuvAvasthA meM bAlyAvasthA kI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 369

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apekSA zakti evaM UrjA adhika hotI hai / pradezI - bhadanta ! koI yuvaka lohe, sIse yA jaste kA bhAra acchI taraha se uThA sakatA hai kintu vRddhAvasthA Ane para vahI vyakti bhAra vahana karane meM asamartha ho jAtA hai| donoM avasthAoM meM jIva eka hI ho to aisA kyoM hotA hai ? tarUNAvasthA kI bhA~ti vRddhAvasthA meM bhI bhAra vahana karane meM samartha rahatA to apanA kathana avazya satya hotA ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna hai| yadi kisI hRSTa-puSTa vyakti ke pAsa naI kAvaDa ho to vaha gurUtara bhAra uThAkara le jA sakatA hai parantu yadi jIrNa-zIrNa kAvaDa hai, to vaha usase bhAra nahIM uThA sktaa| yahI bAta tarUNa aura vRddha ke sambandha meM hai / pradezI - bhagavan ! maiMne eka vyakti ko jIvita avasthA meM tathA marane ke bAda, donoM hI dazAoM meM tolA kintu donoM ke vajana meM koI antara nahIM thA / mRtyu ke bAda AtmA zarIra meM se nikalatI hai, to usakA vajana kucha to kama honA cAhiye ? kezI zramaNa - rAjan ! vAyu sahita aura vAyu rahita mazaka meM nyUnAdhikatA dRSTigata nahIM hotI kyoMki vAyu agurulaghu hai / usI prakAra jIva bhI agurulaghu hone se jIvitAvasthA aura mRtAvasthA meM kiye gaye taula se usameM nAnAtva siddha nahIM hotA / ataH he pradezI ! tuma AsthA rakho ki zarIra aura jIva bhinna-bhinna hai| eka nahIM hai / hAlA~ki yaha tarka aba vaijJAnika dRSTi se yuktisaMgata nahIM hai kyoMki vaijJAnika yaha mAnate hai ki vAyu meM vajana hotA hai aura yaha bhI prayoga karake dekhA gayA hai ki jIvita aura mRta zarIra ke vajana meM antara pAyA jAtA hai| usa yuga meM sUkSma tulA ke abhAva ke kAraNa yaha antara jJAta nahIM hotA hogA / vimarzaNIya hai ki vaijJAnika yuga meM jIvita aura mRta zarIra meM antara pAyA jAnA jitanA satya hai, jIva aura zarIra ko bhinna-bhinna mAnane kI mAnyatA bhI utanI hI satya hai / pradezI - he mahAmune ! eka bAra maiMne eka cora ko pakar3akara usake sabhI aMgoM ke do, cAra yAvat asaMkhya Tukar3e kara DAle taba bhI mujhe jIva 370 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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dikhAyI nahIM diyaa| ata: zarIra se pRthak jIva kI sattA asiddha hai| kezI zramaNa -he rAjan ! tU bar3A mUr3ha mAlUma hotA hai| maiM tujhe eka udAharaNa dekara samajhAtA huuN| eka bAra kucha vanajIvI sAtha meM agni lekara eka bar3e jaMgala meM phuNce| unhoMne apane eka sAthI se kahA -hama jaMgala meM lakar3I lene jAte hai| tU isa araNI (lakar3I) se Aga lagAkara hamAre liye bhojana banAkara taiyAra rkhnaa| yadi agni bujha jAye to lakar3iyoM ko ghisakara agni jalA denaa| saMyogavaza usake sAthiyoM ke cale jAne para thor3I hI dera bAda Aga bujha gyii| apane sAthiyoM ke AdezAnusAra vaha lakar3iyoM ko cAroM aura se ulaTa-pulaTa kara dekhane lgaa| lekina Aga kahI najara nahIM aayii| usane apanI kulhAr3I se lakar3iyoM ko cIrA, usake choTe-choTe Trakar3e kiye, phira bhI Aga dikhAyI nahIM dii| vaha nirAza hokara baiTha gayA aura socane lagA ki dekho, maiM abhI taka bhI bhojana taiyAra nahIM kara skaa| itane meM usake sAthI jaMgala se lauTa aaye| usane una logoM se sArI bAteM khii| usameM se eka catura sAthI ne kulhAr3I lekara zara banAyA aura zara se araNi kASTa ko ragar3akara Aga kI ciMgArI prakaTa kii| phira use dhoMka kara sulagAyA aura una sabhI ke lie bhojana bnaayaa| he pradezI ! jaise lakar3I ko cIra kara Aga pAne kI icchA rakhane vAlA manuSya mUrkha thA, vaise hI zarIra ko cIrakara jIva dekhane kI icchA rakhane vAle tuma bhI kucha kama mUrkha nahIM ho| tumhArI prakriyA usI prakAra mUrkhatApUrNa hai, jaise araNi ko cIra-phAr3a karake agni ko dekhane kI kriyaa| ata: he rAjan ! tuma zraddhA rakho ki jIva anya hai aura zarIra anya hai| pradezI - he zramaNa ! jaise koI vyakti apanI hathelI para A~valA spaSTa rUpa se dikhAtA hai, vaise hI kyA Apa jIva dikhA sakate hai ? kezI zramaNa - he paesI ! isa samaya havA calane se tRNa, ghAsa, vRkSAdi vanaspatiyA~ hila-Dula rahI hai, kA~pa rahI hai, spandana kara rahI hai, kyA tuma sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 371

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/ inheM isI prakAra dekha rahe ho? pradezI - hA~ bhagavan ! maiM aisA hI dekha rahA huuN| kezI - kyA, inheM koI deva, asura Adi hilA rahA hai ? . pradezI - nahIM bhagavan ! na inheM koI vyakti hilA rahA hai, na koI anya shkti| ye vAyu ke bahane se hila-Drala rahI hai| kezI - he pradezI ! kyA tuma usa mUrta, kAma-rAga-moha yukta zarIradhArI vAyu ko dekha sakate ho ? pradezI - bhadanta ! maiM use nahIM dekha sktaa| kezI - rAjan ! jaba tuma isa rUpadhArI (mUrta), sazarIra vAyu ke rUpa ko bhI nahIM dekha sakate ho, to indriyAtIta aise amUrta, zarIra rahita jIva ko hAtha meM rakhe A~vale kI taraha kaise dekha sakate ho? dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, azarIrI jIva, paramANu, zabda, gandha aura vAyu ina ATha padArthoM ko unakI samasta paryAyoM sahita arhanta, jina, kevalI hI jAnate hai, dekhate hai, chadmastha nhiiN| ata: he pradezI ! tuma zraddhA karo ki jIva aura zarIra bhinna-bhinna hai| pradezI - bhadanta ! kyA hAthI aura cIMTI meM eka samAna jIva hotA hai ? kezI - hA~ rAjan ! eka samAna hotA hai| jaise koI vyakti kamare meM dIyA jalAye to vaha kamarA sampUrNa prakAzita ho jAtA hai| yadi use bartana se Dhaka diyA jAye to vaha bartana ko hI prakAzita karatA hai| paraMtu dIpaka donoM sthAnoM para vahI hai| sthAna vizeSa kI dRSTi se usakA prakAza saMkucita aura vistRta hotA hai| yahI bAta hAthI aura cIMTI ke sambandha meM samajhanI caahiye| saMkoca aura vistAra meM usakI pradeza saMkhyA nyUnAdhika nahIM hotI balki samAna hI rahatI hai| kezI zramaNa ke akATya tarkoM ko sunakara rAjA pradezI kI tajjIvataccharIravAdI mAnyatA 'jo jIva hai, vahIM zarIra hai' chinna-bhinna ho gyii| anta meM usane pratibodha ko prApta kara zrAvaka vrata grahaNa kiye| isa prakAra kezI zramaNa tathA pradezI ke saMvAda ke mAdhyama se tajjIva-taccharIravAda kA vistRta varNana prastuta Agama meM prApta hotA hai| 2 372 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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sandarbha evaM TippaNI jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa bhAga - 1, bhUmikA - pR. 39 isibhAsiyAI, adhyAya - 20 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA - 1549-2024 AcArAMga sUtra - 1, 1/1/3 evamegesiM jaMNAtaM bhavati - atthi meM AyA uvvaaie| se AyAvAdI loyAvAdI kammAvAdI kiriyaavaadii|| uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 14/18 jahA ya aggI araNI u'santo khIre ghayaM tella mhaatilesu| emeva jAyA sarIraMsI sattA samucchai nAsaI naavcitthe| isibhasiyAI, adhyayana - 20 vahI vahI vahI dIghanikAya, nava nAlandA vihAra, nAlandA, payAsI sutt| rAjapraznIya (madhukara muni) bhUmikA pR. 18 (a) DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, abhinandana grantha pR. - 217 se 223 (ba) jaina Agama sAhitya, manana aura mImAMsA pR. - 206 se 215 12. 2- niyativAda kA anya AgamoM meM prastutIkaraNa sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita niyativAda kA ullekha saMkSepa athavA vistAra se, nAmollekha pUrvaka yA nAmarahita anya aneka Agama granthoM meM upalabdha hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM niyativAda ke prastotA ke rUpa meM gozAlaka kA kahI bhI nAma nahIM hai parantu bhagavatI sUtra ke pandrahaveM zataka meM evaM upAsaka dazA ke chaThe tathA sAtaveM adhyayana meM AjIvaka mata pravartaka niyativAdI gozAlaka ke siddhAntoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai| isI prakAra sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga tathA aupapAtika meM bhI sAmAnya rUpa se isakA ullekha huA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM yaha bahuta prasiddha aura zaktizAlI zramaNa sampradAya thaa| gozAlaka ke liye maMkhaliputra evaM makkhaliputra ina donoM zabdoM kA prayoga hotA rahA hai| jaina zAstroM meM maMkhaliputra zabda pracalita hai, jabaki bauddha paramparA meM makkhaliputra zabda kA prayoga huA hai| hAtha meM citrapaTa lekara unake dvArA logoM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 373

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ko upadeza dekara apanI AjIvikA calAne vAle bhikSuka jaina paramparA meM maMkha kahe gaye hai / bhagavatI meM yoM to aneka sthAnoM para AjIvaka mata saMsthApaka anyayUthika yA niyativAdI ke rUpa meM gozAlaka kA ullekha hai, parantu 15veM zataka meM jo vistRta varNana hai vaha isa prakAra hai - gozAlaka kA janma saravaNa nAmaka grAma meM rahane vAle veda vizArada go bahula brAhmaNa kI gozAlA meM huA thA / aura isIliye usake pitA maMkhalimaMkha evaM mAtA bhadrA ne apane putra kA nAma gozAlaka rakhA / gozAlaka jaba yuvA huA evaM jJAnavijJAna meM paripakva huA taba usane apane pitA kA dhandhA maMkhapanA svIkAra kiyA / gozAlaka svayaM gRhasthAzrama meM thA yA nahIM, isake viSaya meM prastuta prakaraNa meM koI spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| cU~ki vaha nagna rahatA thA, isase lagatA hai ki vaha gRhasthAzrama meM na rahA ho| jaba mahAvIra dIkSita hone ke bAda vicaraNa karate-karate rAjagRha ke bAhara bunakara bAsa meM Thahare taba unake pAsa hI maMkhaliputra gozAlaka bhI ThaharA huA thaa| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki maMkha bhikSuoM kI paramparA mahAvIra ke pUrva se vidyamAna thI / bha. mahAvIra kevalajJAna hone ke pazcAt vicaraNa karate huye caudahaveM varSa meM zrAvastI nagarI meM pdhaare| gozAlaka bhI ghUmatA- ghUmatA puna: isI nagarI meM A phuNcaa| isa prakAra gozAlaka kA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAtha chappana varSa kI Ayu puna: milanA huA / meM isa zataka meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama mAsakSamaNa kA pAraNA vijaya gAthApati dvArA huA taba usa pAraNe ke prabhAva se pA~ca divya prakaTa hone ke camatkArika prabhAva se AkarSita hokara gozAlaka ne paramAtmA ke pAsa jAkara unase apane Apako ziSya ke rUpa meM svIkArane kI prArthanA kI, paraMtu ve mauna rhe| bAda meM jaba ghUmate-ghUmate mahAvIra kollAga sanniveza pahu~ce taba vaha phira unheM DhU~r3hatA - DhU~r3hatA vahA~ jA pahu~cA aura unase punaH apanA ziSya banAne kI prArthanA kii| karuNA ke sAgara mahAvIra ne usakI prArthanA svIkAra kara lI / bAda meM vaha chaH varSa taka bhagavAna ke sAtha-sAtha ghUmatA rahA / bhAvI aneka anarthoM ke kAraNabhUta ayogya gozAlaka ko bhagavAna ne apanA ziSya kyoM banAyA? isa prazna kA samAdhAna vRttikAra isa prakAra dete hai ki bhagavAna usa samaya taka pUrNa vItarAgI nahIM the| ataeva paricaya ke kAraNa unake hRdaya 374 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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meM snehagarbhita anukampA utpanna huii| chadmastha hone ke kAraNa bhaviSyatkAlIna doSoM kI ora unakA upayoga nahIM lagA athavA bhavitavyatA hI aisI thii| ata: use ziSya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyaa| eka bAra ve ghUmate hue kurmagrAma nagara meM aaye| jahA~ vaizyAyana nAmaka bAla tapasvI nirantara chaTha-chaTha tapa karatA huA donoM bhujAe~ U~cI uThAkara, sUrya ke sammukha AtApanA le rahA thaa| sUrya kI garmI se usake sira se jue nIce gira rahI thI, jise prANa, bhUta, jIva aura satvoM kI dayA ke liye vaha bAra-bAra uThAkara puna: vahIM rakha rahA thaa| gozAlaka use dekhakara cher3akhAnI karane lagA ki Apa tattvajJa hai yA juoM ke zayyAtara (sthAna-dAtA) hai ? do-tIna bAra aisA kahane para kuddha hue tapasvI ne gozAlaka ko lakSya meM rakhakara tejolezyA chor3I to bhagavAna ne usakA pratisaMharaNa karane ke liye zItalezyA kA prayoga kiyaa| yahA~ usane bha. mahAvIra se tejolezyA labdhi prApta karane kA upAya puuchaa| bhagavAna se etadviSayaka vidhi jAnakara usane vaha labdhi prApta kii| tejolezyA kA prazikSaNa lene ke bAda usake siddha ho jAne para gozAlaka kA ahaMkAra dina-pratidina bar3hatA gyaa| isa bIca eka ghaTanA aura ghaTita huI, jisane gozAlaka ke jIvana ko patana ke garta meM dhakela diyaa| gozAlaka ne eka tila ke paudhe ko lekara usakI niSpatti ke viSaya meM pUchA- bhagavan ! yaha tila kA paudhA niSpanna hogA yA nahIM ? ina sAta tila puSpoM ke jIva marakara kahA~ utpanna hoMge ? bhagavAna ne pratyuttara diyA - gozAlaka ! yaha tilastavaka niSpanna hogaa| ye sAta tila ke puSpa marakara isI tila ke paudhe kI tilaphalI meM sAta tilaphaloM ke rUpa meM utpanna hoNge| gozAlaka ne bhagavAna ke kathana para azraddhA kara bhagavad vacana ko mithyA siddha karane kI kuceSTA se usa tila ke paudhe ko samUla ukhAr3a kara pheMka diyaa| parantu saMyogavaza vRSTi huI jisase tila kA paudhA vahIM jama kara vaha puna: ugA aura baddhamUla hokara vahI pratiSThita ho gyaa| ve sAta tila puSpoM ke jIva bhI mara kara puna: usI tila ke paudhe kI eka phalI meM sAta tila ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| kurmagrAma se puna: siddhArtha grAma jAte samaya gozAlaka ne bhagavAna ko mithyAvAdI siddha karane ke liye paudhe ko ukhAr3ane kI bAta kahI, taba bhagavAna ne kahA - he gozAlaka ! tUne merI prarUpaNA ko jhUThA sAbita karane kI ceSTA kI thI, parantu sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 375

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vaha paudhA divya jalavRSTi se niSpanna huA hai| sAta tila puSpa ke jIva bhI marakara usI tila ke paudhe kI tilaphalI meM sAta tila ke rUpa meM utpanna hue haiN| isa prakAra vanaspatikAyika jIva marakara puna: usI vanaspati ke zarIra meM utpanna ho jAte haiN| taba gozAlaka ne usa tilaphalI ko tor3akara hathelI meM masalakara sAta tila bAhara nikaale| usa samaya bhagavAna kA vacana satya siddha ho jAne para durAgraha vaza saba jIvoM ke parivarta-parihAra siddhAnta ko sthApita kiyaa| bhagavAna ne vanaspatikAyika jIvoM ke parivRtya arthAt marakara puna: usI meM bAra-bAra utpanna hone kA kathana kiyA thA kintu gozAlaka mithyA Agraha vaza sabhI jIvoM ke liye ekAnta rUpa se parivRtya-parihAravAda rUpa mithyA mAnyatA ko lekara bhagavAna se pRthaka vicarane lgaa| tejolezyA ko prApta kara ahaMkAravaza jina aura arhat na hote huye bhI apane Apako jina kahane lgaa| apane pAsa Ane vAle ke jIvana viSayaka nimitta kathana aura bhUta-bhaviSya ke kathana se mUDha samAja usake prati AkarSita hone lgaa| __ maMkhalI putra gozAlaka jaba zrAvastI meM apanI ananya upAsikA halAhalA kumhArIna ke yahA~ ThaharA huA thA, usa samaya cha: dizAcara usake pAsa ziSya bhAva se dIkSita hue| yathA - zoNa, kananda, karNikAra, acchidra, agnivezyAyana aura gomAyu putra arjun| ina dizAcaroM ke viSaya meM vRttikAra kahate hai ki ye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke hI pathabhraSTa ziSya the| cUrNikAra kA kathana hai ki ye cha: dizAcara pAsattha arthAt pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke (pApitya) the| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pradhAna ziSya indrabhUti gautama ko isa maMkha paramparA evaM maMkhali putra gozAlaka kA vizeSa paricaya na thA isaliye ve bhagavAna se maMkhaliputra kA atha se iti taka vRttAnta jAnane kI prArthanA karate hai| usa samaya tejolezyA labdhi kA dhAraka niyativAdI gozAlaka halAhalA kumbhakArI ke vahA~ jamakara utsUtra prarUpaNA karatA thaa| apane vAstavika svarUpa ko chupAkara bhagavAna ke samakSa dhRSTa hokara apane ahaMkAra kA pradarzana karatA thaa| bhagavAna ne use cora ke dRSTAnta se samajhAyA bhI thA, parantu usakA prabhAva ulTA hI huaa| eka dina roSa aura Akroza se bharakara bhagavAna ke samakSa marane mArane kI dhamakI dene pahuMca gyaa| bhagavAna ke do ziSya sAnubhUti aura sunakSatra ne jaba gozAlaka ke samakSa prativAda kiyA to gozAlaka ne tejolezyA ke prahAra dvArA eka ko jalAkara 376 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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bhasmIbhUta kara diyA, dUsare aNagAra turanta bhasma na hokara ghAyala ho gye| ve kSamApanA pratikramaNa pUrvaka samAdhi maraNa ko prApta hue| ___isake pazcAt bhI bhagavAna ne gozAlaka ko bahuta samajhAyA ki jisane tumheM pravrajita kara bahuzruta banAyA, usake sAtha tumhArA yaha vyavahAra yogya nahIM hai| aisA sunakara kruddha gozAlaka ne bhagavAna para tejolezyA pheMkI parantu bhagavAna ko mArane ke liye chor3I gayI tejolezyA unheM kSati na pahu~cAkara AkAza meM uchalakara, nIce lauTakara puna: gozAlaka ke zarIra meM hI praviSTa ho gayI aura bAra-bAra use jalAne lgii| apane hI teja se parAbhUta hokara usane bhagavAna ko cha: mAha ke anta meM pittajvara se grasta hokara dAha pIr3Avaza marane kI dhamakI dI to bhagavAna ne janatA meM mithyA pracAra kI sambhAvanA ko lekara prativAda kiyA ki - he gozAlaka! terI tapojanya tejolezyA se parAbhUta hokara maiM cha: mAsa ke anta meM kAla nahIM karU~gA, balki agale solaha varSa paryanta jina avasthA meM gandhahastI kI bhA~ti pRthvI para vicaraNa kruuNgaa| parantu he gozAlaka ! tU svayaM tejolezyA se parAbhava ko prApta hokara sAta rAtriyoM ke anta meM pittajvara se pIr3ita hokara chadmastha avasthA meM hI kAla kara jaayegaa| bhagavAna ke ziSyoM ne gozAlaka ko tejohIna samajhakara dharmacarcA meM use parAjita kiyaa| pariNAmata: aneka AjIvaka sthavira gozAlaka kA sAtha chor3akara bhagavAna kI zaraNa meM cale aaye| gozAlaka ne tejolezyA dvArA bhagavAna ko mAranA cAhA thA parantu vaha svayaM ke lie hI prANa ghAtaka bana gyii| vaha unmatta hokara pralApa, madyapAna, nAcagAna karane lgaa| apane doSoM ko Dhakane ke liye vaha caramapAna, caramagAna Adi ATha caramoM kI mana gaDhanta kalpanA karane lgaa| acaMpUla nAmaka AjIvikopAsaka ne jaba gozAlaka kI unmatta ceSTAe~ dekhI to vimukha hokara jAne lagA parantu use sthaviroM ne uTapaTAMga samajhAkara puna: gozAlaka mata meM sthira kiyaa| gozAlaka ne apanA antima samaya nikaTa jAnakara apane ziSya parivAra ko zavayAtrA dhUmadhAma se nikAlane kI hidAyateM dI paranta sAtavIM rAtri ke vyatIta hote-hote gozAlaka kI mithyAdRSTi.chinna-bhinna ho gii| usakI AtmA meM samakita kA dIpa jala uThA aura usake ujAle meM apane kukRtyoM ko nihArakara AtmanindA pUrvaka sabhI ke samakSa utsUtra prarUpaNA kA rahasya udghATita kiyaa| usane batAyA ki vaha 'jina' nahIM hai phira bhI apane Apako 'jina' kahatA thaa| vaha vahI maMkhalI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 377

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putra gozAlaka hai, jise mahAvIra ne dIkSita kiyA thA / vaha unhIM kA ziSya hai| usane ziSyoM ko nirdeza diyA ki usake marane para bAyeM paira ko mUMja kI rassI se bA~dhe evaM mu~ha para tIna bAra thUkeM aura logoM meM yaha ghoSaNA kareM ki yaha gozAlaka vAstavika jina nahIM hai apitu zramaNoM kA ghAtaka aura pAkhaNDI hai| isa prakAra viDambanA pUrvaka zava kA niharaNa kreN| sthaviroM ne usake Adeza kA aupacArika pAlana hI kiyA / isake pazcAt bhagavAna ke zarIra meM pittajvara kA bhayaMkara prakopa huA, jisase sAre zarIra meM dAha aura raktayukta dasteM hone lagI / janatA meM isa prakAra kI bAteM phailane lagI ki maMkhalI gozAlaka kI tejolezyA se hI yaha vyAdhi utpanna huI hai, jisase ve 6 mAha meM hI mRtyu ko prApta ho jaayeNge| yaha lokopavAda sunakara siMha aNagAra vihvala ho utthaa| bhagavAna ne use apane pAsa bulAkara usake mana kA samAdhAna kiyA tathA revatI gAthA patnI ke yahA~ se bijorA pAka lAne kA Adeza diyaa| siMha aNagAra ne harSita hokara Adeza kA pAlana kiyA / bijorApAka ke sevana se paramAtmA kA mahApIr3AkArI roga zAnta ho gayA / bhagavAna ke Arogya lAbha se caturvidha saMgha tathA devaloka Ananda se pulakita ho utthaa| yahA~ eka bindu vizeSa vimarzaNIya hai - cU~ki revatI ne kohalApAka bhagavAna ke liye banAyA thA, ataH bhagavAna ne usa oddezika AhAra ko lAne kA niSedha kiyA thA, jaba ki bijaurA pAka apane ghara ke liye nirmita hone se vaha AhAra grahaNa yogya thA / 2 zataka ke upasaMhAra meM indrabhUti gautama ke prazna ke uttara meM bhagavAna ne gozAlaka ke bhAvI janmoM kI jhA~kI batalAkara sabhI yoniyoM aura gatiyoM meM aneka bAra bhramaNa karate huye kramaza: ArAdhaka banakara mahAvideha meM dRr3hapratijJa kevalI hokara siddha-buddha hone kA kathana kiyaa| eka prakAra se isa zataka meM gozAlaka ke jIvana ke Aroha-avaroha dvArA karma siddhAnta kI satyatA kA prarUpaNa hai / upAzaka dazAMga ke chaThe kuNDakoliya adhyayana meM gozAlaka evaM usake mata niyativAda kA nirUpaNa isa prakAra huA hai| kampilapura nagara meM kuNDakolika nAmaka gAthApati rahatA thaa| prasaMgavazAt bhagavAna mahAvIra usa nagara meM pdhaare| usane dharma dezanA sunI aura zrAvaka dharma aMgIkAra kiyaa| una vratoM kA pAlana karatA huA vaha uttama gRhastha jIvana jIne lgaa| eka dina dopahara meM dharmopAsanA ke bhAva se azoka 378 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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vATikA meM jAkara apanI mudrikA evaM uttarIya vastra utArakara dharmadhyAna meM saMlagna ho gyaa| usI samaya usakI zraddhA ko vicalita karane ke liye eka deva prakaTa huaa| vaha mudrikA tathA uttarIya ko AkAza meM sthita kara kahane lagA- maMkhaliputra gozAlaka kI dharma vidhi acchI hai / usameM utthAna, bala, vIrya, puruSAkAra, parAkrama Adi kA koI mahattva nahIM hai / jo kucha hone vAlA hai, vaha saba niyata hai, nizcita hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke siddhAnta isaliye uttama nahIM hai, kyoMki vahA~ utthAna, bala, vIrya Adi sabhI kA svIkAra hai / gozAlaka ke mata meM prayatna se jo kucha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha vyartha hai / jaba vIrya nahIM, to bala nahIM, karma nahIM / karma ke binA sukha - du:kha kaisA ? jo bhI hotA hai, bhavitavyatA se hI hotA hai / yaha sunakara kuNDakaulika ne kahA - he deva ! tumane jo divya Rddhi, samRddhi, sukha-sAdhana prApta kiyA hai, vaha saba prayatna se prApta huA hai, yA aprayatna se / yadi devabhava ke yogya puruSArtha kiye binA hI koI deva bana sakatA hai, to sabhI jIva deva kyoM nahIM bana gaye ? yadi tuma kaho ki divya Rddhi prayatna se prApta huI hai, to phira gozAlaka ke siddhAnta satya kaise ho sakate haiM, jisameM prayatna aura puruSArtha kA svIkAra nahIM hai ? kuNDakaulika ke yuktibaddha evaM tarkapUrNa vacana sunakara deva nirUttara ho gayA tathA a~gUThI evaM uttarIya vastra rakhakara apane sthAna para calA gayA / 3 prastuta aMga ke sAtaveM adhyAya meM gozAlaka matAnuyAyI sakaDAla putra kA bhI varNana upalabdha hotA hai / polAsapura nAmaka nagara meM sakaDAla putra nAmaka - kumbhakAra apanI patnI agnimitrA ke sAtha rahatA thA / vaha apane dhArmika siddhAntoM ke prati AsthAvAn thaa| eka dina vaha azoka vATikA meM jAkara dharmopasanA kara rahA thA, tabhI vahA~ eka deva AyA aura AkAza se hI bolane lgaa| kala yahA~ triloka pUjya arhat, sarvajJa, sarvadarzI, jina aayeNge| tuma unakI paryupAsanA krnaa| sakaDAla putra ne socA - mere dharmAcArya gozAlaka yahA~ aayeNge| maiM unheM prAtihArika, pITha, phalaka Adi kA nimantraNa dU~gA / dUsare dina bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Ane para saddAla putra dharmadezanA sunane gayA / bhagavAna ne use sulabha bodhi jAnakara pratibodha diyaa| kala vATikA meM deva ne jinake Ane kI sUcanA dI thI, usakA abhiprAya gozAlaka se nahIM thA / vaha paramAtmA ke atIndriya jJAna se prabhAvita huaa| vidhivat vandana kara apane karmazAlA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 379

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meM padhArane kI prArthanA kii| bhagavAna ne use saddbodha dene kI icchA se vaha prArthanA svIkAra kara lI / ko bhagavAna kumbhakArApaNa meM vihAra kara rahe the| usa samaya saddAlaputra ghar3oM 'dhUpa meM sukhA rahA thaa| anukUla avasara jAnakara bhagavAna ne saddAlaputra se pUchA saddAlaputra ! ye ghar3e kaise kiye jAte hai ? saddAlaputra bhante ! pahale miTTI lAte hai, usameM jala milAkara rauMdate hai, phira usameM rAkha yA gobara milAte hai / phira mRtpiNDa banA use cAka para car3hAte hai / isa prakAra ye ghar3e taiyAra kiye jAte haiM / bhagavAna - saddAlaputra ! ye ghar3e prayatna, puruSArtha tathA udyama se bane hai yA aprayatna, apuruSArtha aura anudyama se ? saddAlaputra - bhante ! ye saba anutthAna, abala, akarma, avIrya, apuruSakAra tathA aparAkrama se bane hai / utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya Adi kA koI artha nahIM hai / saba bhAva niyata hai / ' bhagavAna saddAlaputra ! tumhAre ina sUkhate bartanoM ko koI tor3a de, phor3a yA tumhArI patnI ke sAtha koI balAtkAra kare to tuma usake sAtha kaisA vyavahAra karoge? * saddAlaputra - bhante ! maiM use daNDita karU~gA, pIhU~gA, jAna se hI mAra DAlU~gA / bhagavAna - saddAlaputra ! saba kucha niyata hai, utthAna, bala, vIrya kA koI artha nahIM, taba tuma usa vyakti ko daNDita kyoM karoge ? saba kucha niyata aura nizcita mAnane para koI puruSa kucha bhI kare, usameM usakA kyA kartRtva hai ? tumhAre mana se tuma use doSI nahIM mAna skte| yadi tuma kaho ki vaha vyakti prayatnapUrvaka vaisA karatA hai, to prayatna aura puruSArtha ko saba kucha niyata mAnane kA tumhArA siddhAnta mithyA hai / ' prastuta saMvAda meM bhagavAna kA puruSArthavAdI dRSTikoNa spaSTa hotA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM isI tathya ko spaSTa kiyA hai| deva, asura aura manuSyoM ke eka samaya meM eka hI utthAna, karma, bala, vIrya, puruSakAra athavA parAkrama hotA hai / ' bhagavatI ke prathama zataka meM mahAvIra aura gautama ke saMvAda meM bhI utthAna, bala, vIrya kA astitva siddha kiyA gayA hai| ' 1 utthAna Adi kA zabdArtha isa prakAra hai - 1. utthAna 380 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana - kArya kI niSpatti ke liye prastuta honA /

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2. karma - pravRtta honaa| 3. bala - zArIrika saamrthy| 4. vIrya - mana, vANI Adi kA saMcAlana karane vAlI zArIrika UrjA yA jIva kI zakti, Antarika kssmtaa| 5. puruSakAra - maiM aisA kara sakatA hU~, isa prakAra kI avadhAraNA, paurussbhimaan| 6. parAkrama - kArya niSpatti meM sakSama prayatna / bhagavAna ke sAtha hue isa choTe se saMvAda se saddAlaputra ko yathArtha bodha prApta ho gyaa| bhagavAna ke hRdayagrAhI tarkapUrNa vacanoM se saMbodha ko prApta kara vaha unakA anuyAyI bana gyaa| gozAlaka ko jyoMhi mata parivartana kI khabara milii| usane vahA~ Akara vividha upAyoM se usake hRdaya ko mor3ane kA prayAsa kiyA parantu saddAlaputra kI AsthA acala rhii| mAyAvI deva ne bhI usakI parIkSA lii| jIvana ke antima kSaNoM meM usane samAdhipUrvaka maraNa kA varaNa kiyA aura svarga ko prApta huaa| isa prakAra kuNDakaulika aura saddAlaputra prakaraNa ke mAdhyama se upAsakadazAMga meM niyativAda kA pratipAdana tathA nirasana karate huye puruSArthavAda tathA karmavAda kI mahattA ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para eka prazna upasthita ho sakatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra puruSArthavAdI the athavA niyativAdI / puruSArthavAda bhI ekAntavAda hai aura niyativAda bhI ekAnta Agraha hai| unheM puruSArthavAda tathA niyativAda kA samanvaya mAnya thaa| isaliye unhoMne sApekSatA kI vyAkhyA karate hue do prakAra ke karma batAye - pradeza karma aura anubhAga krm| anubhAga karma arthAt karma pudgaloM kA rasa, jo jIva dvArA saMvedyamAna hotA hai- pradeza karma kA vedana avazyambhAvI hai, parantu tIvra puruSArtha ke dvArA niSkriya banA dene para anubhAga kA vedana nahIM bhI hotA hai| arthAt anubhAga meM parivartana puruSArtha ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| bhagavatI meM 'yathA nikaraNa' ke dvArA bhI niyativAda ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana huA hai|' vRttikAra ne batalAyA hai ki karma apane deza, kAla Adi niyata kAraNoM kA atikramaNa nahIM karatA, isaliye arhata dvArA jisa rUpa meM dRSTa hai, usI rUpa meM usakA vipariNamana hotA hai|10 jisa rUpa meM karma kA bandha huA, usI rUpa meM karma kA vipAka hogA, sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 381

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yaha niyata nahIM hai, kintu amuka karma, amuka puruSArtha dvArA, amuka rUpa meM badalA jAyegA, yaha niyata hotA hai| arhat ke jJAna meM hone vAlA parivartana niyata hai| parivartana honA niyati hai| kintu parivartana karanA niyati kA kAma nahIM hai| vaha puruSArtha kA kAma hai| isa prakAra yahA~ niyati aura puruSArtha ke samanvaya kA svara mukharita huA hai| _isibhAsiyAhaM ke 11veM adhyayana kA nAma bhI maMkhaliputra arhatarSi hai, parantu prastuta maMkhalIputra kA ullekha AjIvaka mata ke saMsthApaka maMkhalIputra gozAlaka se bhinna bha. neminAtha ke yuga se hai, jo upasaMhAra kI gAthA meM spaSTa hai|" isa prakAra bhagavatI sUtra evaM upAsakadazA sUtra meM AjIvaka mata ke saMsthApaka evaM siddhAntoM kA paryApta varNana upalabdha hotA hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI bhagavatI abhayadeva vRtti patra - 664 vahI pR. - 691 upAsaka dazAMga - a. - 6 pR. 129-130 madhukara muni uvAsagadasAo - 7/19-24 vahI, 7/25-26 ThANaM - 1/44 bhagavaI - 1/3/147-162 vahI - 1/4/190 vahI vahI isibhAsiyAI adhyayana patyeya buddha misiNo vIsaM titthe arissttnemiss| pAsarasa ya paNNasa vIrarasa vilINa mohrs|| 3. AgamoM meM jagatkartRtvavAda kA ullekha evaM usakA khaNDana manuSya ne jaba se cintana karanA prArambha kiyA taba se hI usake mana meM mUla tattva ke prati jijJAsA banI huI hai| isa sRSTi kA mUla tattva kyA hai ? yaha khoja cirakAla se calI A rahI hai| 382 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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upaniSad ke RSi isa khoja meM saMlagna rahe hai aura usake AdhAra para unhoMne nAnA prakAra ke mata pratipAdita kiye hai| devakRta, brahmakRta, prajApatikRta, IzvarakRta, svayaMbhUkRta tathA aMDe se udbhUta jagat kI kalpanA upaniSad kAla se hI pracalita hai| isakA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai, jisakA vizada vivecana 'jagatkartRtvavAda' meM karate hue hamane jainadarzana ke anusAra usakA nirAkaraNa bhI kiyA hai| sRSTikartA viSayaka vibhinna vaidika matavAdoM kA ullekha sUtrakRtAMga ke atirikta praznavyAkaraNa nAmaka 10veM Agama sUtra meM bhI upalabdha hai| praznavyAkaraNa ke anusAra kucha asadbhAvavAdiyoM kA aisA kathana hai ki yaha loka aMDe se udbhUta hai| isa loka kA nirmANa svayaMbhU ne kiyA hai| yaha samasta jagat viSNumaya hai / ' sRSTi racanA ke saMbaMdha meM bhAratIyetara dArzanikoM kI bhI bhinna-bhinna dhAraNAe~ hai| grIka dArzanika thelija jala ko jagat kA mUla srota mAnate hai / ' jabaki enekjImenasa ke anusAra vAyu samasta vastuoM kA Adi aura anta hai|' enekjImeNDara ke anusAra thiosa nAmaka upAdAna rUpa bhautika padArtha, jo pUre AkAza meM vyApta thA, sRSTi kA Adi aura anta hai / yaha pRthvI, pAnI Adi se bhinna hai / ' sRSTi racanA ke sandarbha meM darzana kI dhArAoM ko do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai - advaitavAda tathA dvaitavAda / advaitavAda - advaitavAdI dArzanika cetana yA acetana kA svatantra astitva svIkAra nahIM krte| unake anusAra jIva aura ajIva meM se kisI eka tattva kA vAstavika astitva hai| isa viSaya meM advaitavAda kI mukhya tIna zAkhAe~ hai - 1. jaDAdvaitavAda, 2. caitanyAdvaitavAda aura 3. jaDacaitanyAdvaitavAda / jAdvaitavAda - isake anusAra jIva kI utpatti ajIva se huI hai| anAtmavAdI cArvAka aura kramavikAsavAdI dArzanika isI mata ke samarthaka hai / caitanyAdvaitavAda - isake anusAra sRSTi kA Adi kAraNa brahma hai| vaidika RSi kahate hai- apratyakSa brahma meM hI sadbhAva pratiSThita hai| isI sat meM sRSTi ke upAdAnabhUta pRthvI Adi nihita hai, isI se utpanna hote hai / ' brahma tInoM lokoM sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 383

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se atIta hai| usane yaha socA ki maiM kisa prakAra logoM meM paiyU~ ? taba vaha nAma aura rUpa meM logoM meM praviSTa huaa| jaDacaitanyAdvaitavAda - isake anusAra jagat kI utpatti jIva aura ajIva ina donoM guNoM ke mizraNa se huI hai| jaDAdvaitavAda aura caitanyAdvaitavAda ye donoM kAraNAnurUpa kAryotpatti ke siddhAnta ko svIkAra nahIM krte| dvaitavAda dvaitavAdI darzana jaDa aura caitanya donoM kA svatantra astitva mAnate hai| inake anusAra jaDa se caitanya yA caitanya se jaDa utpanna nahIM hotaa| kAraNa ke anurUpa hI kArya kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| jainadRSTi ke anusAra vizva eka zilpagRha hai| usakI vyavasthA svayaM usI meM samAviSTa niyamoM dvArA hotI hai| ye niyama jIva aura ajIva ke vividha jAtIya saMyoga se svata: niSpanna hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra sRSTi racanA kI mUla kalpanA hI bhramapUrNa hai| usane jagat racanA ke sandarbha meM pracalita mithyA dhAraNAoM kA vividha apekSAoM se tArkika nirAkaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| bhagavatI sUtra meM varNita roha tathA skaMdaka ke sRSTi viSayaka prazna tathA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke uttara se bhI jagat kA anAditva siddha hotA hai| roha ne jaba yaha prazna kiyA ki loka tathA aloka ina donoM meM pahale kauna banA tathA pIche kauna banA, taba bhagavAna mahAvIra ne batAyA ki loka, aloka meM pUrva-pazcAt kA krama nahIM hai| ye donoM pahale bhI the aura Age bhI hoNge| ina donoM meM zAzvatabhAva hai| sRSTi kA yaha cakra paurvAparya sambandha meM mukta hai| prastuta samAdhAna se yahI dhvanita hotA hai ki sRSTi kA koI AdikartA nahIM hai|' jagata ke Adi anAdi ke saMbaMdha meM skaMdaka kI jijJAsA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| usane mahAvIra se pUchA- 'bhagavan ! loka sAnta hai yA ananta ?' bhagavAna ne kahA - dravyata: tathA kSetrata: loka sAnta hai| kAlata: tathA bhAvata: loka ananta hai| yahA~ kAla kI apekSA se kiyA gayA vizleSaNa jagatakartA kA niSedha karane ke sAtha jagat kI anAdi vidyamAnatA ko bhI siddha karatA hai| vAstava meM yaha jagat sadAkAla se hai aura sadAkAla taka vidyamAna rhegaa| jamAli ne bhI sRSTi kI zAzvatatA aura azAzvatatA ke sandarbha meM prazna kiyA hai, jisake samAdhAna meM mahAvIra ne apekSA se loka (sRSTi) ko zAzvata 384 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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evaM azAzvata donoM prakAra se pratipAdita kiyA hai|' ___ 'loka paurvAparya ke cakra se mukta hai| loka kAlata: anAdi anaMta hai| loka apekSA se zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata bhI hai|' bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ye tInoM kathana jagatkartRtvavAda kA khaNDana karane ke liye paryApta hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI praznavyAkaraNa sUtra, 1/2/48-49 (madhukara muni) Greek Thinkers - by Theoder Gomperz, Vol. 1, P. 48 vahI - Vol. 1, P. 51-52 The principal Upnishads - by Dr. S. Radhakrishan P.404 atharvaveda - 17/1/19 zatapatha brAhmaNa - 1/1/2/3 bhagavatI sUtra - 1/6/290 vahI, 2/1/44-45 vahI, 4. sthAnAMga meM varNita akriyAvAda evaM dArzanika mAnyatAe~ sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita cAra samavasaraNa meM eka akriyAvAdI hai| vahA~ usakA artha anAtmavAdI, kriyA ke abhAva ko mAnane vAlA, kevala citta zuddhi ko Avazyaka evaM kriyA ko anAvazyaka mAnane vAlA kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM akriyAvAdiyoM ke 8 prakAra batAye hai|' prastuta sUtra meM isakA prayoga 'anAtmavAdI' aura 'ekAtmavAdI' donoM arthoM meM kiyA gayA hai| ina ATha vAdoM meM cha: vAda ekAnta dRSTi vAle hai| samucchedavAda tathA nAstimokSa paralokavAda, ye anAtmavAda hai| upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne dhana'za kI dRSTi se jaise cArvAka ko nAstika akriyAvAdI kahA hai, vaise hI dharmAMza dRSTi se sabhI ekAntavAdiyoM ko nAstika kahA hai - dhayaMze nAstiko hyako bArhaspatya prakIrtitaH / dharmAMze nAstikA jJeyA: sarve'pi paratIrthikA // ' sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 385

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- prastuta sUtra meM ullikhita vAdoM kA saMkalana karate samaya sUtrakAra ke sAmane kaunasI dArzanika dhArAe~ rahI hai, isa prazna kA uttara denA kaThina hai, kintu vartamAna meM una dhArAoM ke saMvAhaka dArzanika nimna hai - 1. ekavAdI - (a) brahmAdvaitavAdI - vedAnta (ba) vijJAnAdvaitavAdI - bauddha (sa) zabdAdvaitavAdI - vaiyAkaraNa brahmAdvaitavAdI ke anusAra brahma, vijJAnAdvaitavAdI ke anusAra vijJAna aura zabdAdvaitavAdI ke anusAra zabda pAramArthika tattva hai, zeSa tattva apAramArthika hai, isaliye ye sAre ekavAdI hai| anekAntadRSTi ke anusAra sabhI padArtha saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi se eka aura vyavahAranaya kI dRSTi se aneka hai| 2. anekavAdI - vaizeSika anekavAdI darzana hai| isa matAnusAra saMsAra meM sarvatra AtmA vyApta hai| AtmA ke atirikta isa saMsAra meM kucha hai hI nhiiN| pRthvI, jala, tejAdi sabhI meM AtmA vyApta hai| anekavAda ke anusAra dharma-dharmI, avayavaavayavI bhinna-bhinna hai| 3. mitavAdI - (a) jIvoM kI parimita saMkhyA mAnane vaale| (ba) AtmA ko aMguSTha parva jitanA athavA zyAmAka tandula jitanA mAnane vaale| (yaha aupaniSadika abhimata hai|) (sa) loka ko kevala sAta dvIpa samudra kA mAnane vaale| (yaha paurANika abhimata hai|) 4. nirmitavAdI - naiyAyika, vaizeSika Adi loka ko IzvarakRta mAnate hai|' 5. sAtavAdI - sthAnAMga vRttikAra ke anusAra sAtavAda bauddhoM kA abhimata hai|' isakI puSTi sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama zrutaskandha meM 3/4/6 se hotI hai| cArvAka kA sAdhya sukha hai, phira bhI use sAtavAdI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA kyoMki 'sAtaM sAteNa vijjati' sukha kA kAraNa sukha hI hai, yaha kAryakAraNa kA siddhAnta cArvAka ke abhimata meM nahIM hai| bauddha darzana punarjanma meM vizvAsa karatA hai aura usakI madhyama pratipadA bhI kaThinAiyoM se bacakara calane kI prakriyA hai, isaliye use 'sAtavAdI' mAnA jA sakatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga cUrNikAra ne bhI sAtavAda ko bauddhoM kA siddhAnta mAnA hai| 'sAtaM sAteNa vijjati' isa zloka kI vyAkhyA meM unhoMne likhA hai ki aba bauddhoM kA parAmarza kiyA jA rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke anusAra kAya-kleza hI sammata 386 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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thaa| sUtrakRtAMga meM usakA pratinidhi vAkya hai 'attahiyaM khu duheNa labbhaI' Atmahita kaSTa se hotA hai| 'sAtaM sAteNa vijjaI' isI kA pratipakSa siddhAnta hai| isake mAdhyama se bauddhoM ne jainoM ke sAmane yaha vicAra prastuta kiyA ki zArIrika kaSToM kI apekSA mAnasika samAdhi kA siddhAnta zreSTha hai / kAryakAraNa ke siddhAntAnusAra unhoMne yaha pratipAdita kiyA ki duHkha sukha kA kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA isaliye sukha se hI sukha kI prApti hotI hai| sUtrakRtAMga vRttikAra ne bhI sAtavAda ko bauddhoM kA abhimata mAnA hai kintu sAtha-sAtha ise parISaha se parAjita kucha jaina muniyoM kA bhI abhimata mAnA hai / " 6. samucchedavAdI pratyeka padArtha kSaNika hotA hai| dUsare kSaNa usakA uccheda ho jAtA hai, ata: bauddha samucchedavAdI hai / 7. nityavAdI - sAMkhyAbhimata satkAryavAda ke anusAra padArtha kUTasthanitya hai / kAraNarUpa meM pratyeka vastu kA astitva vidyamAna hai| koI bhI nayA padArtha utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura koI bhI padArtha naSTa nahIM hotA hai / kevala usakA AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva hotA hai / ' 8. asat paralokavAdI - cAvArka darzana mokSa yA paraloka svIkAra nahIM karatA / 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. sthAnAMga sUtra - 8/22 nayopadeza, zloka 126 sandarbha evaM TippaNI syAdvAdamaMjarI, zloka 4 svatonuvRtti vyativRtti bhAjo, bhAvA na bhAvAntaraneyarUpA / parAtmatatvAdatathAtmatatvAda, drayaMvadantoH kuzalAH skhalanti // vahI, zloka 29 muktopi vAmyetu bhavabhavovA, bhavasthazUnyostu mitAtmavAde / SaDjIvakAyaM tvamanantasaMkhya, sAMkhyastathA nAtha yathA na doSa: / / nyAyasUtra 4/1/19-21 IzvaraH kAraNa puruSa karmAphatyadarzanAt / na puruSa karmAbhAve phalAniSyateH / tatkAritatvAdahetu sthAnAMgavRtti patra 404 sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi pR. sUtrakRtAMga vRtti patra sAMkhyAkArikA 9 - - 96 : idAnIM zAkyA parAmRzyante / 97 eke zAkyAdaya: svayUthyA vA locAdinopataptAH / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 387

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5. bhagavatI sUtra meM avatAravAda kI avadhAraNA kA khaNDana sUtrakRtAMga meM anyatIrthikoM ke avatAravAda kA siddhAnta pratipAdita hai / isake anusAra karmaphala se mukta AtmA mokSa prApta kara lene para bhI apane dharmazAsana kI apUjA dekhakara sUkSma va AMtarika rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta hokara punaH manuSya janma dhAraNa karatA hai / yaha mAnyatA vaidika paramparA meM atiprAcIna kAla se pracalita hai| jainadarzana kA yaha dhruva siddhAnta hai ki mokSa ko AtmA kA punarjanma nahIM hotA / janma-maraNa se mukta AtmA ke atirikta kisI bhI IzvarIya AtmA kA astitva nahIM hai, isaliye 'saMbhavAmi yuge yuge' jaisA svara jainadarzana meM uccarita nahIM hai| gommaTasAra ke anusAra AjIvaka mata meM mukta jIvoM kA punaH avatAra lenA sammata hai / ' malliSeNasUri ne bhI isa abhimata kA ullekha kiyA hai| 'tathA cAhurajIvikanayAnusAriNa: - "jJAnino dharma tIrthasya karttAraH paramaM padam / gatvA gacchanti bhUyo'pi bhavaM tIrtha nikArataH // "2 jainadarzana ke anusAra mokSa kA artha hai - karmaraja se sarvathA mukta honA / " jaba AtmA karmamala rUpI zarIra ko apane se sarvathA alaga kara detI hai, taba usakI jo acintya, svAbhAvika jJAnAdi guNarUpa aura avyAbAdha sukharUpa sarvathA vilakSaNa avasthA utpanna hotI hai, use mokSa kahate hai / ' kuMdakuMda ke anusAra "AThoM karmoM ko kSaya karane vAle, anaMtajJAna-darzanavIrya, sUkSmatva, kSAyika samyaktva, avagAhanatva, agurulaghutva aura avyAbAdhatva ina ATha guNoM se yukta siddhAtmA (muktAtmA) paramaloka ke agrabhAga meM sthita hai / ' 'siddha banane ke pazcAt saMsAra meM Akara janma-maraNa karane kI bAdhA bhI nahIM hai| kyoMki mUrta avasthA meM hI prIti, paritApa Adi bAdhAoM kI saMbhAvanA thii|" karma se mukta hone ke pazcAt unameM punaH karmabaMdha yA saMsAra kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hotI kyoMki baMdhanarUpa kAraNa kA sarvathA uccheda ho jAtA hai| kAraNa samApta hone para bhI kArya ho to jIva kA mokSa hogA hI nahIM / " bhagavatI meM bhI isI prakAra kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| Arya roha ne bhagavAna se prazna kiyA- bhagavan ! siddha (muktAtmA) sAnta ( anta sahita ) hai yA ananta 388 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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(antarahita) hai ? bhagavAna ne isa prazna kA samAdhAna apekSA catuSTayI (dravya-kSetra-kAlabhAva) se kiyaa| - dravyata: siddha eka aura sAnta hai| - kSetrata: siddha asaMkhya pradezI hai| tathA AkAza ke asaMkhyeya pradezoM meM avagAhana kiye hae hai| - kAlata: siddha sAdi-aparyavasita hai aura usakA aMta nahIM hai| - bhAvata: siddha meM ananta jJAnaparyava, ananta darzanaparyava, ananta agurulaghuparyava hai aura usakA aMta nahIM hai|' prastuta samAdhAna meM yaha spaSTa phalita hotA hai ki eka AtmA kI apekSA siddha jIva kI sAdi to hai parantu isakA koI caramabiMdu nahIM hai| isaliye ve saba aparyavasita-paryavasAna rahita (antarahita) hote hai| isa aparyavasAna ke siddhAnta ke dvArA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne avatAravAda kA asvIkAra kiyA hai| . sandarbha evaM TippaNI gommaTasAra - 38, 69 syAdvAdamaMjarI - pR. - 4 sarvArthasiddhi - 1/4/18 niyamasAra - 72 tatvArthavArtika - 10/4/19/644 tatvArthavArtika - 10/4/19/642 bhagavatI sUtra - 2/1/48 6. AgamoM meM lokavAda kI vicAraNA bhAratIya cintana meM lokavAda kI carcA bar3e vistAra ke sAtha huI hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM lokavAda kI vicAraNA meM anyatIrthikoM evaM paurANikoM kI loka saMbaMdhI mAnyatA kA pratipAdana karate hue usakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM pratipAdita lokavAda kI avadhAraNA sUtrakRtAMga se kucha arthoM meM bhinna hai| isameM loka zabda kA prayoga zarIra, jIva, kaSAya, jagata, viSaya, janasamUha Adi aneka arthoM meM huA hai| prathama zastra parijJA adhyayana meM 'loka' sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 389

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zabda kA 'paudgalika jagat' artha prAsaMgika lagatA hai| AtmA amUrta hai, isaliye vaha hameM dikhAyI nahIM detii| ajIva dravyoM meM eka pudgala dravya hI mUrta hai, isaliye 'loka' zabda se yahA~ usakI hI apekSA hai / ' AcArAMga cUrNikAra ne loka zabda kA jo artha kiyA hai, vaha bhI yuktisaMgata pratIta hotA hai / 'lokavAdI' - jaise maiM hU~, isI taraha anya prANI bhI hai| loka ke bhItara hI jIvoM kA astitva hai, jIva- ajIva loka samudaya hai / isa prakAra mAnanevAlA lokavAdI kahA gayA hai| 2 sthAnAMga meM jIva - ajIva dravyoM ko loka kahA gayA hai|" samavAyAMga meM bhI loka saMbaMdhI saMkSipta vimarza hai| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra vizva ke sabhI dravyoM kA AdhAra loka hai / ' bhagavatI sUtra meM loka kI vyAkhyA paJcAstikAya ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai / indrabhUti gautama ne pUchA- bhagavan ! loka kyA hai ? mahAvIra - gautama ! loka paJcAstikAya - dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya tathA pudgalAstikAya rUpa hai / ' paJcAstikAya kA svarUpa jaina darzana dvaitavAdI darzana hai, isaliye usane mUla meM do tattvoM ko mAnA hai- jIva aura ajIva / paJcAstikAya ina do kA vistAra hai / jIva aura ajIva ko sAMkhya Adi dvaitavAdI darzana bhI mAnate hai kintu astikAya kA siddhAnta bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sarvathA maulika siddhAnta hai| jIva kI tulanA sAMkhya sammata prakRti se kI jA sakatI hai| AkAza prAya: sabhI darzanoM meM sammata hai| dharmAstikAya aura adharmAstikAya ye do tattva kisI anya darzana meM pratipAdita nahIM hai / dravya kA prayoga vaizeSika darzana meM milatA hai, kintu astikAya kA prayoga kisI anya darzana meM upalabdha nahIM hai / 'astikAya' yaha astitva kA vAcaka hai / jaise vedAnta brahmanirapekSa astitva hai, vaise hI jaina darzana meM ye pA~ca nirepakSa astitva hai| jaise pudgala ke. paramANu hote hai, vaise hI zeSa cAra astikAyoM ke bhI paramANu hote hai| unake paramANu pRthak-pRthak nahIM hote, sadA apRthak rahate haiM, isaliye pradeza kahalAte hai / bhagavatI meM astikAya kA jo svarUpa milatA hai, vaha dArzanika dRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| 390 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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astikAya asti zabda ke do artha hai - 1. traikAlika astitva evaM 2. pradeza / kAya arthAt raashi| TIkAkAra guNaratnasUri ne astikAya kA artha bahupradezI kiyA hai| jinake Tukar3e na ho sake, aise avibhAgI pradezoM ke samUha ko astikAya kahate hai| paJcAstikAya kA lakSaNa astikAya ke nirUpaNa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mukhya cAra dRSTiyA~ rahI haidravya kSetra, kAla, bhaav| ina dRSTiyoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki sApekSatA ke binA kisI bhI astitva kA pratipAdana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dravya kI apekSA se dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya eka dravya hai| jIvAstikAya tathA pudgalAstikAya ananta dravya hai| eka jIva jIvAstikAya nahIM khlaataa| sabhI jIvoM ke samudaya kA nAma jIvAstikAya hai| pudgalAstikAya kA bhI yahI niyama hai| kSetra kI apekSA se dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, jIvAstikAya tathA pudgalAstikAya loka pramANa hai jabaki AkAzAstikAya loka tathA aloka pramANa hai| kevalI samudghAta ke samaya eka jIva ke pradeza pUre loka meM vyApta ho jAte hai|' ata: eka jIva ko bhI kSetra kI apekSA se loka pramANa kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha kadAcitka ghaTanA hai| ___ kAla kI apekSA se pA~coM astikAya akSaya, avyaya, nitya, niyata, dhruva tathA zAzvata hai| bhAva kA artha hai - paryAya / astikAya catuSTaya meM bhAva kA niSedhAtmaka rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| kevala pudgalAstikAya meM usakA vidhAyaka nirUpaNa hai| bhAva kI apekSA se dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya ye cAroM avarNa, agaMdha, arasa tathA asparza vAle hai| mAtra pudgalAstikAya varNavAn, gaMdhavAna, rasavAn tathA sparzavAna hai| jIvAstikAya cetana hai, zeSa cAra acetana hai| pudgalAstikAya mUrta hai, zeSa cAra amUrta hai| amUrta kA lakSaNa hai - varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza kA abhAva / mUrta kA lakSaNa hai - jo varNa, gaMdha, rasa, sparza se yukta ho| yaha mUrta tathA amUrtta kA vibhAga bhI jainadarzana meM prAcInakAla se mAnya rahA hai| sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 391

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dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, jIvAstikAya, pudgalAstikAya ye cAroM asaMkhya pradezI hai, jabaki AkAzAstikAya ananta pradezI hai|| ThANaM meM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, lokAkAza tathA eka jIva- ina cAroM kA pradezaparimANa eka samAna batAyA gayA hai|' AkAzAstikAya ke bheda ___ AkAzAstikAya kA lokAkAza tathA alokAkAza ina do bhAgoM meM vibhAjana jaina darzana kI maulika sthApanA hai| bhagavatI tathA ThANaM meM bhI AkAza ke ye do bheda batAye gaye hai| bRhad dravya saMgraha ke anusAra jo dharma-adharma, jIva, pudgala ko avakAza de vaha lokAkAza aura usa lokAkAza se bAhara alokAkAza hai|'' alokAkAza meM na jIvadravya hai, na ajIva dravya hai| vaha eka ajIva dravya deza hai, agurulaghu hai tathA ananta agurulaghu guNoM se saMyukta hai| ananta bhAga kama sarvAkAza rUpa hai|" lokAkAza tathA alokAkAza kA vibhAjaka tattva hai- dharmAstikAya tathA adhrmaastikaay| ye jisa AkAza khaNDa meM vyApta hai, vahA~ gati aura sthiti hotI hai| jahA~ gati aura sthiti hai, vahA~ jIva aura pudgala kA astitva hai| ata: jIva, pudgala, dharma tathA adharma se vyApta AkAza khaNDa lokAkAza hai| zeSa AkAza khaNDa meM kisI bhI prakAra ke dravya kA astitva na hone se usakI saMjJA alokAkAza hai| lokAkAza sasIma hai tathA alokAkAza asIma hai|" dharmAstikAya tathA adharmAstikAya kI upayogitA __ jIva kI dharmAstikAya meM gati tathA adharmAstikAya meM sthiti hotI hai, parantu vaha gati tathA sthiti kA preraka tattva nahIM hai| balki udAsIna rUpa se sahAyaka hai| gautama svAmI ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se prazna kiyA- 'bhagavan ! dharmAstikAya tathA adharmAstikAya se jIva ko kyA lAbha hotA hai ?' bhagavAna ne kahA - dharmAstikAya dvArA hI jIvoM ke gamana, Agamana, unmeSa, manoyoga, vacanayoga, kAyayoga kI pravRtti hotI hai| isake atirikta bhI jitane calabhAva hai, ve saba dharmAstikAya dvArA hI pravRtta hote hai| adharmAstikAya ke dvArA hI jIva khar3A rahatA hai| baiThanA, mauna karanA, mana ko ekAgra karanA, nispaMda honA,karavaTa lenA Adi jitane bhI sthira bhAva hai, ve saba adharmAstikAya ke kAraNa hai|'' 392 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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jaise bijalI ke tAra bijalI ko, rela kI paTarI rela ko calane ke liye prerita nahIM karatI apitu udAsIna bhAva se sahAyaka mAtra hotI hai, usI prakAra dharmAstikAya bhI udAsIna sahAyaka mAtra banatA hai / jaise chAyA yAtriyoM ko sthira hone meM sahakArI kAraNa hai, usI prakAra sthita hote jIvoM aura pudgaloM ko adharmAstikAya sthira hone meM udAsIna sahAyaka banatA hai / " guNa kI apekSA AkAza avagAhana guNa vAlA hai / " uttarAdhyayana meM bhI AkAza ke avagAhana guNa ko hI puSTa kiyA gayA hai|" vaha pudgaloM ko avakAza detA hai| jIva upayoga guNavAlA tathA pudgala grahaNaguNa- samudita hone kI yogyatA vAlA hai| " bhagavatI me kAlodAyI20 Adi anyatIrthiko kA bhI vivecana milatA hai, jo paMcAstikAya ke viSaya meM sandehazIla the| unakA tarka thA jise hama nahIM dekhate - jAnate, usakA astitva kaise ho sakatA hai ? madaduka ke prakaraNa se bhI isakI puSTI hotI hai / bhagavAn ne madaduka se kahA- jise indriya jJAnI nahIM jAnatA, nahIM dekhatA, usakA astitva nahIM hotA, aisA nahIM hai / 2" prastuta vivecana se yaha phalita hotA hai ki jo pA~ca astikAya rUpa hai, vaha loka hai / SaD-dravyAtmaka loka kI kalpanA paJcAstikAya kA hI vikasita rUpa hai| catuSTayI kI apekSA loka prAcInakAla meM loka sAdi hai yA anAdi ? sAMta hai yA ananta ? yaha bahucarcita prazna thaa| isa saMbaMdha meM skaMdaka ko jijJAsA huii| ve mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~ce aura isa prazna kA samAdhAna cAhA / bhagavAna ne kahA- loka cAra prakAra kA hai - dravyaloka, kSetraloka, kAlaloka tathA bhAvaloka / dravyaloka dravya kI apekSA yaha loka eka aura sAnta hai / kSetraloka - kSetra kI apekSA yaha loka asaMkhya koDA-koDI yojana taka lambA hai, asaMkhya koDA - koDI paridhi vAlA hai, aura aMta sahita hai / 1 kAlaloka kAla kI apekSA yaha loka bhUta, varttamAna aura bhaviSya ina tInoM kAloM meM zAzvata hai| dhruva, niyata, akSaya, avasthita, avyaya aura nitya hai / bhAvaloka bhAva kI apekSA yaha loka ananta varNaparyAyarUpa, gandhaparyAyarUpa, rasaparyAyarUpa aura sparzaparyAyarUpa hai| isI prakAra anaMtasaMsthAnaparyAyarUpa, anaMtagurulaghuparyAyarUpa evaM anaMta aguru-laghuparyAyarUpa hai| unakA anta sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 393 -

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nahIM hai| isa prakAra dravyaloka evaM kSetraloka sAnta hai, kAlaloka evaM bhAvaloka ananta hai / 22 lokAloka kA paurvAparya roha aNagAra ne bhagavAna se loka- aloka ke paurvAparya ke viSaya meM prazna kiyA- bhagavan ! prathama loka aura phira aloka banA yA prathama aloka aura phira loka banA ? bhagavAna ne kahA roha ! ye donoM zAzvata bhAva hai| inameM pahale - pIche kA krama sambhava nahIM hai| jisa prakAra aNDe aura murgI meM pUrva-pazcAt kA krama nahIM hai- anAnupUrvI hai, usI prakAra loka- aloka meM paurvAparya kA abhAva hai / 23 loka kI nityAnityatA loka nitya hai yA anitya ! isa prazna ko buddha ne avyAkRta kahA hai| 24 parantu jamAli ke isI prazna kA uttara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isa prakAra diyA - jamAli ! loka zAzvata (nitya) bhI hai aura azAzvata (anitya) bhii| tInoM kAloM meM aisA eka bhI samaya nahIM mila sakatA jaba loka na ho| ataeva loka zAzvata arthAt nitya hai / loka sadA ekarUpa nahIM rhtaa| vaha avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNI meM badalatA rahatA hai, ataH loka azAzvata hai, anitya hai, adhruva hai | 25 loka viSayaka zaMkA ko lekara pArzvapatya sthavira bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa pahu~ce - bhagavan ! loka meM ananta rAtri - divasa utpanna aura vigata hote hai athavA parimita rAta - divasa utpanna aura vigata hote hai| bhagavAna ne donoM vikalpoM ko svIkAra kiyaa| jo ananta hai, vaha parimita kaise ? aura jo parimita hai, vaha ananta kaise ? isa virodha kA parihAra bhagavAna ne sApekSa dRSTi se kiyA / isa jagata meM do prakAra ke jIva hai- sAdhAraNa zarIrI aura pratyeka zarIrI / sAdhAraNa zarIrI kI avasthA meM ananta jIva utpanna hote aura marate hai / pratyeka zarIrI kI avasthA meM parimita jIva utpanna hote aura marate hai / kAla jIva kA eka sthiti lakSaNa vAlA paryAya hai / sAdhAraNa zarIrI jIvoM kI apekSA se ananta rAta-dina utpanna hote hai aura bIta jAte hai / pratyeka zarIrI jIvoM kI apekSA se parimita rAta-dina utpanna hote aura bIta jAte hai / isa prakAra asaMkhya pradezI 394 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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loka meM ananta rAta-dina athavA ananta jIvoM kA honA asambhava nahIM hai| AkAza meM avagAhana kI kSamatA hai aura jIvoM meM pariNati kI sUkSmatA hai, ata: asaMkhyeya pradezAtmaka loka meM ananta jIvoM kA honA sambhava hai|6|| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne yahA~ arhat pArzva ke siddhAnta ko uddhRta karate hue asaMkhyeya pradezAtmaka loka kA pratipAdana kiyA ki loka zAzvata evaM pratikSaNa sthira bhI hai aura utpanna, vigata (vinAzI) evaM pariNAmI bhI hai| vaha anAdi hote hue ananta hai aura ananta hote hue bhI pradezoM kI apekSA se parimita hai| bhagavatI meM pratipAdita lokavAda kI vistRta vicAraNA meM loka ke vibhinna apekSAoM se vibhinna svarUpa upalabdha hote hai| loka nitya bhI hai, anitya bhI hai| sAnta bhI hai, ananta bhI hai| asaMkhyapradezI loka meM rAta-dina ananta bhI hai aura paritta-parimita bhI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI isa nirUpaNa zailI meM vivakSA bheda avazya hai para virodhAbhAsa nhiiN| dravyArthika naya tathA paryAyArthika naya kI apekSA se loka kI yaha vyAkhyA jaina darzana ke sApekSAvAda (syAdavAda) ko hI prakaTa karatI hai| paJcAstikAya rUpa loka kA bhinna-bhinna apekSAoM se vizleSaNa sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita pAkhaMDiyoM kI loka saMbaMdhI mithyA mAnyatAoM kI nirasta karake loka ke yathArtha svarUpa ko pratiSThita karatA hai| sandarbha evaM TippaNI AcArAMga bhASyam - 1/1/5, pR.-25 AcArAMga cUrNi, pR.-14 ThANaM - 2/417 uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 28/9 bhagavatI sUtra - 13/4/481 (a) SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA, 4/9/165 (ba) dravya vijJAna, pR.-135 (zodha grantha) ThANaM - 8/114 bhagavatI - 2/124-135 ThANaM - 4/495 (a). bhagavatI sUtra - 2/10/10 (ba). ThANaM - 2/152 bRhadravyasaMgraha - 22 sUtrakRtAMga sUtra meM varNita vAdoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana / 395

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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. . 21. 22. bhagavatI sUtra - 2/10/12 vahI, 11/100-108 vahI, 11/109-110 vahI, 13/4/24-25 laghudravyasaMgraha - 9 (a). ThANaM - 5/172 (ba). bhagavatI sUtra - 2/10/4 uttarAdhyayana sUtra - 28/9 bhagavatI sUtra - 2/10/127, 129 vahI, 71/10/212-220 vahI, 18/134-142 vahI, 2/1/45 vahI, 1/6/290 majjhimanikAya - cUlamAlUkya suttaM - 63 bhagavatI sUtra - 9/233 bhagavatI vRtti - 5/254 23. 24 26. 396 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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7 upasaMhAra jainAgamoM kI zrRMkhalA meM sUtrakRtAMga dvitIya Agama hai| yaha Agama tatvavidyA kA pratipAdana karane ke sAtha-sAtha dArzanika siddhAntoM kI bhI viziSTa prarUpaNA karatA hai| yadyapi AcarAMga meM darzana ke bIja upalabdha hote hai, parantu jisa vistAra evaM sarvAgINa dRSTikoNa se sUtrakRtAMga meM dArzanika mAnyatAe~ upalabdha hotI hai, vaha usameM nahIM hai| yaha Agama-grantha adhyAtma zAstra kA to mahattvapUrNa dArzanika grantha hai hI para isa sampUrNa sUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karane ke pazcAt isake sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha grantha adhyAtma ke kSetra meM jitanA upayogI hai, utanA hI varttamAna kI vyavasthAoM meM bhI prAsaMgika hai / isa sUtra kA prArambha AtmA kA bandhana aura usase mukta hone se huA hai| AtmA ko kendra meM rakhakara jahA~ jIvana kA prArambha hotA hai, vahA~ prakRti, samAja aura svayaM, sabhI ke sAtha nyAya ho jAtA hai / baMdhana aneka prakAra hote hai / zarIra ke baMdhana tAtkAlika hote haiM, ataH ve najara bhI A jAte hai aura unase mukta hone ke upakrama bhI ho jAte hai / parantu AtmA ke baMdhana cU~ki mAtra pariNAma hI dete haiM, ata: na to unheM jAnane kA prayAsa hotA hai aura na toDane kaa| saca to yaha hai ki pariNAma hameM baMdhana svarUpa lagatA hI nahIM hai / isameM baMdhana ke kAraNa parigraha, hiMsA Adi kA ullekha hai / varttamAna ke sandarbha meM ina tathyoM kI prAsaMgikatA aura bar3ha gayI hai / sArI sRSTi hiMsA aura parigraha ke prati AkRSTa hone ke kAraNa azAnta aura asvastha ho gayI hai| isa sandarbha meM AtmatulA kA siddhAnta apanAnA cAhie / sRSTi mAtra mAnava ke liye hI nahIM hai| apitu isameM sUkSma aura virAT, sabhI jIvoM ko jIne kA adhikAra upasaMhAra / 397

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hai / parantu manuSya ne apanI vilAsitA ke kAraNa sampUrNa prakRti ke sAtha cher3akhAnI karake parigraha evaM hiMsA kI pravRtti ko bar3hAvA diyA hai| Age isameM bhAratIya darzanoM kI aneka ekAnta mAnyatAoM kI vyAkhyA karake unakI visaMgatiyA~ batAyI hai / yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga meM SaDdarzana ke rUpa meM eka nizcita saMkhyA kA nirdhAraNa upalabdha nahIM hai aura na dArzanika mAnyatAe~ nAmapUrvaka prastuta hai parantu dhAraNAe~ evaM unakA jaina darzana ke anusAra khaNDana jarUra upalabdha hotA hai| mUlagrantha meM ina dArzanika dhAraNAoM kA yuktipUrvaka khaNDana karane kI apekSA mAtra itanI hI upalabdha hotA hai ki ye samasta dhAraNAe~ ekAMgI evaM mithyA hai| para kyoM ? isakA kAraNa to niyukti yA TIkA hI batAtI hai / sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama samaya adhyayana va bArahaveM samavasaraNa adhyayana meM tatkAlIna pracalita vibhinna anya dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA nirUpaNa hai / 'samaya' adhyayana ke antargata jina vAdoM kA vivecana hai, vRttikAra zIlAMkAcArya ne unheM bhinna-bhinna dArzanika nAma diye hai| jaise- jaba sUtrakAra yaha kahate hai ki 'yaha loka pA~ca bhUtoM kA samavAya hai' to use cArvAka nAma diyA gayA evaM jaba akArakavAda kI carcA hotI hai, to use sAMkhyamata ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gyaa| isI prakAra anya anya dhAraNAoM ke sAtha bhI bhAratIya darzanoM kI nAmapUrvaka saMgati svIkAra kI gayI hai| jisa prakAra 'samaya' adhyayana meM bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI avadhAraNA ko vizleSita kiyA hai, usI taraha 'samavasaraNa' adhyayana meM paramAtmA mahAvIra kAlIna cAra anya vAdoM ko bhI vyAkhyAyita kiyA hai / samavasaraNa adhyayana meM mukhyataH cAra vAda hai - kriyAvAda - akriyAvAda - vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAda / prastuta adhyayana gahana vivecana se yaha patA calatA hai ki usa samaya kitanI - kitanI dhAraNAe~ aura mata-matAntara calate the aura paramAtmA mahAvIra ne ina sabhI mAnyatAoM kA kisa prakAra se samanvaya karate hue usa yuga ko prabhAvita kiyA thA / mUla Agama meM mAtra inake nAma aura unake vipakSa meM vibhinna yuktiyA~ upalabdha hotI hai| Age niyukti meM inake 363 bhedoM kA ullekha to upalabdha hotA hai kintu kahIM bhI inake prastotA va matavAdoM ke nAma ullikhita nahIM hai / lagatA hai- uttaravartI vyAkhyAkAroM ne 363 matavAdoM kI maulika artha paramparA ke vicchinna yA samApta ho jAne ke pazcAt unheM gaNita kI prakriyA ke AdhAra para samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 398 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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vIrasenAcArya ke anusAra ina 363 matavAdoM kA viSaya dRSTivAda (bArahavA~ aMga Agama, jo kAlakrama ke sAtha vicchinna ho cUkA hai) meM pratipAdita hai| yadyapi yaha kathana mAtra dhavalA meM hI upalabdha hotA hai, phira bhI dRSTivAda nAma se hI isa mAnyatA ko pramANa mila jAtA hai ki isameM samasta dRSTiyA~-darzanoM kA vivaraNa hai| cUMki dRSTivAda dravyAnuyoga kA viSaya hai, ata: usameM isa prakAra kI carcA honA svAbhAvika hai| kriyAvAda Adi cAroM dArzanika avadhAraNAe~ Aja mAtra sAhitya kI carcA ho gayI hai| vyavahAra meM inakA prayoga na sambhava hai, na sviikaary| udAharaNa ke taura para hama samajheM ki jaise vinayavAda hai| isake anusAra vinaya hI zreSTha aura AcaraNIya hai| mokSa kI prApti ke lie na jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai, na kriyA kii| vinaya hI mokSa prApti kA ekamAtra sAdhana aura mAdhyama hai| kyA jJAna evaM kriyA zUnya vyakti ke lie mokSa prApti sambhava hai ? isI prakAra se ajJAnavAda, kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda Adi tInoM vAda jIvana meM sambhava nahIM hai| paramAtmA mahAvIra isalie zAzvat hai ki unakI mAnyatAe~ mAtra bauddhika hI nahIM, vyAvahArika bhI / yadyapi sUtrakRtAMga jainadarzana kA grantha hai, phira bhI usameM jainetara mAnyatAoM kA vivecana isalie prAsaMgika hai ki sAdhaka vibhinna dhAraNAoM-mAnyatAoM ko samajhakara yathArtha ko sampUrNa AsthA aura zraddhA ke sAtha svIkAra kreN| sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita ye vAda Aja bhI hameM bauddha grantha dIghanikAya, sAmaJcaphalasutta, suttanipAta, majjhima nikAya, saMyuttanikAya evaM mahAbhArata tathA upaniSadoM meM yatra-tatra bikhare hue prApta hote hai| yoM dekhe to 2500 varSa pUrva kI usa dArzanika carcA ne isa lambe antarAla ke bAda kitane hI parivartana kiye hai| AjIvaka jaise sampradAya to vilupta hI ho gaye hai| bauddha-sampradAya apanI janmasthalI bhArata ko chor3akara videza meM hI phalA hai| phira bhI AtmakartRttvavAdI sAMkhya, anAtmavAdI cArvAka Adi darzanoM kI sattA Aja bhI dRSTigata hotI hai| sukhavAda evaM ajJAnavAda ke bIja Aja bhI pazcima kI dharatI para mahAsukhavAda, ajJeyavAda evaM saMzayavAda ke rUpa meM phala-phUla rahe hai| ina samarata dhAraNAoM ko jAnane aura samajhane kI AvazyakatA to hai hI, kyoMki jAne binA sAdhaka ke hRdaya meM ina mithyA dhAraNAoM se mukta hone kA prayAsa kaise hogA ? aura mithyA dhAraNAoM se mukta hokara yathArtha svarUpa kA upasaMhAra / 399

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bodha aura AcaraNa hI to prastuta Agama kA lakSya hai| ataH yaha kahanA upayukta hogA ki sarvAMgINa dRSTi ke vikAsa ke lie hI yahA~ para siddhAntoM kA vimarza pratipAdita huA hai| isI prakAra prastuta Agama ke dvitIya zrutaskandha ke prathama puNDarIka adhyayana meM bhI samaya adhyayana ke hI matoM kA puna: kucha anya yuktiyoM ke sAtha vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| yaha dekhakara isa mAnyatA kI puSTi ho jAtI hai ki usa samaya ina matoM kA kitanA adhika pracalana aura bolabAlA rahA hogA / niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu, cUrNikAra jinadAsagaNi tathA vRttikAra zIlAMka ne ina samasta mithyA mAnyatAoM kA sApekSa dRSTi se nirasana kiyA hai| ekAnta mAnyatA na vyavahArika hai, na prAsaMgika / jaina darzana samasta mAnyatAoM meM 'kathaMcit' yA 'bhI' zabda kA prayoga kara apanI mAnyatA ko yuktiyukta siddha karatA hai| jainadarzana samAdhAna kA paryAya hai / jahA~ anya sAre darzana eka hI pakSa kI sthApanA karate hai, vahIM jainadarzana syAdvAda kI sthApanA karatA hai / aura isa sApekSa kathana se kaSAya - zUnya hone kA eka sunaharA avasara upalabdha ho jAtA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM anya darzanoM kI mithyA mAnyatAoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue unakI truTiyoM kA tArkika rUpa se vizleSaNa kiyA hai| jaise- kucha kahate hai, isa sRSTi meM pRthvI, apa, teja, vAyu aura AkAza ina paMca mahAbhUtoM ke atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM hai / ye pA~ca tattva zAzvata, sarvalokavyApI, Adi - anta rahita evaM svatantra hai| ina pA~coM ke saMyoga se eka nayA tatva utpanna hotA hai, jise AtmA kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra pAnI se bulabulA uThatA hai aura usI meM antarnihita ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra paMcamahAbhUtoM ke saMyoga se AtmA kA janma hotA hai aura inake viyoga se AtmA usI meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| paMcamahAbhUtavAdI ise vibhinna tarkoM dvArA siddha karane kA prayAsa karate hai / jaba unase pUchA jAtA hai ki pA~ca tatva to mRtyu ke pazcAt bhI vidyamAna rahate hai, phira mRtyu kyoM hotI hai ? taba ve kahate haiM ki jaba pA~coM bhUtoM meM se vAyu yA teja ina donoM kA yA donoM meM se eka kA abhAva hotA hai to mRtyu ho jAtI hai| isake atirikta kisI AtmA jaise padArtha ko zarIra se nikalate nahIM dekhA gayA hai| jainadarzana ke isa saMbaMdha meM atyanta gambhIra evaM saTIka samAdhAna hai| usake anusAra jaba ina bhUtoM meM cetanA kA guNa hai hI nahIM to vaha prakaTa kahA~ se hogA ? 400 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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tiloM meM se tela nikalatA hai para koI bAlU meM se tela nikAlanA cAhe to usakA puruSArtha vyartha hogaa| ratha calatA hai, cAka para ghaTa ghUmatA hai, to vaha na apane Apa calatA hai, na apane Apa ghUmatA hai| use bhI calAnevAlA yA ghumAnevAlA caahie| isI prakAra zarIra svayaM sakriya nahIM hai| usake andara jo sakriya tatva hai, vahI AtmA hai| paramatatvacintaka zrImad rAjacandra ke zabdoM meM - AtmAnIzaMkA kare, AtmA pote aap| zaMkAnoM karanAra te, acaraja eha amaap||-aatmsiddhishaastr isa prakAra aneka tarkoM dvArA AtmA kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| sabhI indriyA~ bhinna-bhinna kArya sampAdita karatI hai| una pA~coM kA saMkalana rUpa jJAna pA~ca bhUtoM ke atirikta jise hotA hai, vaha tattva AtmA hI hai| agara mAtra ina bhUtoM kA hI astitva mAnA jAya to puNya-pApa, sukRt-duSkRt Adi samasta kriyAe~ vyartha ho jaayegii| paMcamahAbhUtavAda se milate-julate eka aura mata kA varNana yahA~ huA hai, jise tajjIva-taccharIravAda kahA jAtA hai| ye donoM hI vAda cArvAka mata se mela khAte hai| jJAna-piNDa svarUpa sarvatra eka hI AtmA ko mAnanevAle ekAtmavAda kA bhI yahA~ varNana huA hai| isake anusAra eka hI brahmA sampUrNa saMsAra ko ajJAna ke kAraNa bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM pratIta hotA hai| 'brahma satyaM jagan mithyA' kA udaghoSa karanevAle advaitavAdiyoM kI isa mAnyatA ko mithyA siddha karate hue zAstrakAra kahate hai ki isa saMsAra meM pratyeka cetana hI nahIM, apitu pratyeka dravya, cAhe vaha jaDa ho yA cetana, svatantra hai| agara AtmA eka hI hai to sabhI kI kriyAe~, sabhI kI bhAvanAe~ evaM sabhI kA AcAra eka samAna kyoM nahIM hotA ? jabaki hama AcAra tathA vicAra-bhinnatA kadama-kadama para pratyakSa anubhUta karate hai| eka hiMsaka hai, to dUsarA svarga ke sukhoM meM jhulatA hai| to kyA ye dRSTigata ho rahI samasta bhinnatAe~ mAtra bhrAMti hai ? ni:sandeha eka brahma ko satya mAnakara anya sampUrNa sRSTi ko mAyA yA ajJAna kA svarUpa kahA jAya to anekoM visaMgatiyA~ prakaTa ho jaayegii| vahA~ bandhana aura mokSa kisakA aura kaise ghaTita hogA ? jaba saba kucha mithyA aura mAyA hai, to eka kA puNya aura dUsare kA pApa kyA hai? yaha tarka yA mAnyatA to vyavahAra meM bhI lAgU nahIM ho sakatI ki zuddhAtmA upasaMhAra / 401

Page #408
kA koI aMza hiMsaka, aparAdhI yA krUra ho sakatA hai jabaki hama isa jagat meM inheM dekhate hai / yaha kabhI bhI nahIM ho sakatA ki deva, manuSya, pazu, pakSI sabhI meM bhinna AtmAoM kI apekSA eka hI Atmatatva kI sattA hai / sUtrakRtAMga meM tatkAlIna pracalita isa vAda kI bhI carcA aura samIkSA hai ki 'AtmA akartA hai|' vaha na svayaM kucha karatI hai aura na kisI se kucha karavAtI hai| akAravAdI japA-sphaTika nyAyAnusAra hI usakA kartRtva aura bhoktRtva svIkAra karate hai| sphaTika maNi ke pAsa lAla raMga kA japA - puSpa rakha dene para jaise sphaTika - maNi zveta hone para bhI lAla pratIta hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA bhujikriyA se pRthak hone para bhI buddhi ke saMsarga se bhoktA pratIta hotA hai| isa siddhAnta ke anugAmI darzana kI bhASA meM sAMkhya kahe jAte hai / ve kartRtva prakRti kA mAnate hai| unake anusAra AtmA kUTastha - nitya, sarvavyApI hai / jainadarzana kI isa sambandha meM mAnyatA hai ki yaha kaise sambhava hai ki kUTastha - nitya hone para bhI AtmA nAnA yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa kareM ? agara vaha kisI kriyA kA kartA hI nahIM hai to phira kisake bA~dhe hue zubha - azubha karmoM ko bhogatA hai? agara AtmA ko kUTastha - nitya mAnA jAya to agaNita visaMgatiyA~ upasthita jaayegii| jo bAlaka hai, vaha bAlaka hI rhegaa| rogI hai, vaha rogI aura ajJAnI hai, vaha ajJAnI hI banA rahegA / arthAt jo jisa sthiti meM hai, vaha usI sthiti meM rhegaa| jaba AtmA akarttA hai, to mukti Adi kI prApti kI kriyA kauna karegA ? tathA zubhAzubha karmoM kA bhoktA bhI kaise ho sakegA ? yadi aisA hotA hai to eka ke pApa kA phala dUsare ko milegA, jisase jagat meM arAjakatA, anaitikatA aura hiMsA kA tANDava nRtya hone lagegA / darzana kI bhASA meM yahA~ kRta-praNAza tathA akRta-Agama kA doSa A pdd'egaa| phira sAMkhyamatavAdI mAnate hai ki AtmA mAtra bhoktA hai| to kyA unakI najara meM bhoga karanA kriyA nahIM hai / jaba AtmA bhoga kriyA kara sakatA hai, to anya kriyAe~ kyoM nahIM kara sakatA? ni:sandeza sAMkhyoM kA yaha mata mithyA Agraha hI hai| isa mithyA mAnyatA ke kAraNa ye apanI AtmA ko 25 tattvoM kA jJAtA hone kA jhUThA bhrama pAlakara eka apekSA se svayaM kI AtmA ke sAtha pravaMcanA karate rahate hai| isa mithyA Agraha se isa janma meM bhI ajJAna meM DUbakara ve Atmahita nahIM kara pAte aura paraloka meM bhI yathArtha bodha ke abhAva meM ajJAna ke gAr3ha a~dhakAra meM hI DUbe rahate hai / vAdoM kI isa vicAraNA ke krama meM yahA~ AtmaSaSThavAda kI bhI carcA kI 402 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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gayI hai| isake anusAra pA~ca mahAbhUta tathA chaThA tattva AtmA hai| yaha eka taraha se vedavAdI sAMkhyoM evaM vaizeSikoM ke siddhAntoM kI milI-julI mAnyatA hai| paMcamahAbhUtavAdI jahA~paMcamahAbhUtoM ko sarvathA azAzvatamAnate hai, vahIM AtmaSaSThavAdI chahoM ko sarvathA nitya mAnate hai| nitya mAnane kA tarka dete hue kahate hai ki agara sarvathA anitya mAna le to baMdha-mokSa kI tathA puNya-pApa kI vyAkhyAe~ isameM ghaTita hI nahIM hogii| prastutavAdI yaha bhI mAnate hai ki aisA bhI nahIM hai ki pahale ye abhAva rUpa meM the, phira kAraNa milane para bhAva rUpa ho gaye, jaisA ki sAMkhyavAdI mAnate hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| isake anusAra agara kisI bhI dravya ko sarvathA zAzvata mAna liyA jAya to AtmA meM kartRtva pariNAma utpanna nahIM hogaa| aura jaba AtmakartRtva hI nahIM hogA to pariNAma kaise milegA? AtmA ko kUTastha nitya mAnane para usameM kathaMcit utpatti aura vinAza kA abhAva ho jAyegA, taba janmAntara kI sthiti kaise banegI ? apracyuta, anutpanna tathA eka svabhAva vAle AtmA kA saMsAra-bhramaNa ke daurAna gati-parivartana bhI azakya hogaa| ata: AtmA ko ekAnta nitya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yahA~ bauddha darzana mAnya kSaNikavAda ke do rUpoM kI samIkSA karate hue AtmA kI mAnyatA kA vivecana tathA jainadarzana ke anusAra aneka tarkoM ke dvArA usakA khaNDana bhI milatA hai| kSaNabhaMgI paMcaskandhavAda kI mAnyatA hai ki rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina pA~ca skandhoM ke atirikta AtmA nAmaka koI skandha nahIM hai| inake anusAra ye skandha kSaNika hai, jo dUsare hI kSaNa samUla naSTa ho jAte hai| skandhoM meM kSaNikatva siddha karane ke lie ve anumAna pramANa kA bhI prayoga karate hai| jaise- skandha kSaNika hai, kyoMki ve sat hai| jo-jo sat hotA hai, vahavaha kSaNika hotA hai| jaise- meghmaalaa| ___ bauddhoM ke anusAra jo kSaNika hai, unameM hI arthakriyAkAritva ghaTita ho sakatA hai| arthakriyAkAritva arthAt vastu kI kriyA, jaise- Aga kI kriyA hai jlaanaa| nitya padArtha meM krama se yA yugapat arthakriyA nahIM ho sktii| isalie sabhI padArthoM ko anitya mAnA jAya to unakI kSaNikatA anAyAsa hI siddha ho jAtI hai| padArtha apane svabhAva se utpatti ke kSaNa se hI anitya utpanna hotA hai, kyoMki agara utpatti ke kSaNa se hI koI vinaSTa nahIM hotA hai, to phira upasaMhAra / 403

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bAda meM vaha kyoM vinaSTa hogA ? ataH pUrva padArtha uttara padArtha meM apanI vAsanA sthApita karake dUsare hI kSaNa vinaSTa ho jAtA hai| kSaNikavAda ke dUsare rUpa cAturdhAtukavAda ke anusAra pRthvI, jala, teja tathA vAyu, ina cAra ke atirikta aura kucha bhI nahIM hai| ye cAroM dhAtu hI jagat kA dhAraNa-poSaNa karate hai| ye cAroM dhAtu jaba ekAkAra hokara bhUtasaMjJaka rUpaskandha bana jAte hai, zarIra rUpa meM pariNata ho jAte hai, taba isakI jIva saMjJA hotI hai / ye bhUtasaMjJaka rUpaskandhamaya hone ke kAraNa paMca skandhoM kI taraha kSaNika hai| isase bhinna kisI caitanya kA astitva nahIM hai / tAtparyArtha yaha hai ki sAMkhyamatavAdI paMcabhUtoM se bhinna AtmA ko mAnate hai, paMcamahAbhUtavAdI paMcabhUtoM se abhinna AtmA kA pratipAdana karate hai, parantu ye kSaNikavAdI bauddha na to paMcabhUtoM se bhinna AtmA ko mAnate hai, na paMcabhUtoM se abhinn| kSaNikavAda ke anusAra kriyA karane ke kSaNa meM hI jaba AtmA ( karttA) kA samUla nAza ho jAtA hai, taba AtmA kA kriyAphala ke sAtha koI sambandha nahIM rhtaa| isa prakAra ekAnta kSaNikavAda mAnane para jo kriyA karatA hai, aura jo phala bhogatA hai, ina donoM ke bIca kAphI antara hone se kRtanAza tathA akRta Agama ye donoM doSa aayeNge| jaba AtmA hI nahIM hai, taba zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala, bandha - mokSa, janma-maraNa, svarga-naraka Adi kI vyavasthAe~ bhI gar3abar3A jaayegii| jaba mokSa kA hI abhAva hogA, taba zAstropadeza tathA tapAcaraNa Adi sabhI pravRttiyA~ bhI nirarthaka hI hogI / ataH AtmA na ekAnta nitya ho sakatA hai, na ekAnta anitya / jaina darzana meM pratyeka padArtha kI vyAkhyA pariNAmI nityavAda ke AdhAra para kI jAtI hai| AtmA dravya kI apekSA nitya hai parantu paryAya kI apekSA anitya / isI krama meM eka aise vAda kI samIkSA kI gayI hai, jisakI kAphI mAnyatAe~ jaina darzana ke nikaTa hai aura vaha hai niyativAda / niyativAda ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA kA svatantra astitva hai, samasta jIva pRthak-pRthak sukha-du:kha bhogate hai / jIva jo kucha prApta karatA hai, vaha usake puruSArtha kI dena nahIM hai apitu usakI niyati meM aisA hI honA hai| jIva meM aisI zakti nahIM ki vaha isameM koI parivartana lA ske| koI niyativAda ke virodha meM jAkara kitane hI prayatna kyoM na kareM, vaha saba vyartha hai| niyativAda kI yaha mAnyatA to satyasparzI hai ki sabhI jIvoM kA alaga 404 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

Page #411
alaga astitva hai evaM sabhI sukha-duHkha bhogate hai| parantu jaba ve yaha kahate hai ki prANiyoM dvArA bhogA jAnevAlA sukha-du:kha na to svakRta hai, na para-kRta, apitu ekAnta niyatikRta hI hai| yaha mAnyatA ekAntika hone se mithyA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra sabhI sukha-du:kha niyati dvArA saMcAlita nahIM hote parantu kucha hI niyatikRta hote hai| kucha sukha-du:kha puruSa ke udyoga, kAla, svabhAva aura karma dvArA kiye hue hote hai| sukha-du:khAdi kA kAraNa kahIM puruSArtha hai, to kahI adRSTa (karma) bhI hai| AtmA, dharmAdharma kA amUrta honA, pudgaloM kA mUrta honA saba svabhAvakRta hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma tathA puruSArtha, ye pA~coM kAraNa pratyeka kArya yA sukhAdi meM paraspara sApekSa siddha hote hai| ata: ekAnta rUpa se sirpha niyati ko mAnatA doSayukta hai| ___ vaidika dharma kI do mahattvapUrNa mAnyatAe~ hai- Izvara hI isa jagat kA kartAdhartA aura saMhartA hai tathA isa dharatI para jaba-jaba pApa bar3hatA hai, taba-taba Izvara avatAra letA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM isa mAnyatA kA prarUpaNa jagatkartRtvavAda tathA avatAravAda ke rUpa meM huA hai| jaba se mAnava soca prArambha huI, tabhI se jagat Adi ko lekara usameM jijJAsAe~ uThI ki Akhira isa saMsAra ko kisane banAyA aura kyoM banAyA ? loka kA astitva kaba se hai? darzana ke jagat ko isa prazna ne khUba Andolita kiyaa| bhinna-bhinna cintakoM ne isa sambandha meM apanI-apanI mAnyatAe~ prastuta kii| kucha bhAratIya dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki loka ko brahmA ne banAyA kyoMki vaha akelA thA aura isa akelepana se Ubakara isa sRSTi kI racanA kii| kucha isa sRSTi ko IzvarakRta, koI svayaMbhUkRta, to koI aNDe se utpanna bhI mAnate hai| jisakA varNana zAstrakAra ne kiyA hai| jainadarzana kI isa sambandha meM spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki yaha saMsAra anAdikAla se calA A rahA pravAha hai| isakA na Adi hai, na anta / agara hama isa jagata kI racanA ke lie kisI kartA kI kalpanA karate hai to phira vaha kartA kisake dvArA nirmita hai ? isa jagat meM hameM kadama-kadama para vaiSamya dekhane ko milatA hai| kyA yaha vaiSamya bhI kisI Izvara yA prakRti nirmita hai ? agara Izvara hI isa jagat kA sraSTA hai, to vaha apanI sRSTi ko itanI krUra, hiMsaka yA atyAcAra - upasaMhAra / 405

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se bharI kyoM banAyegA ? kyA hamArA zraddhA kendra Izvara itanA krUra hai ki vaha naraka aura tiryaJca jaisI krUra gatiyoM kA nirmANa karegA ? IzvaravAdI darzana isake javAba meM kahate hai ki pratyeka vyakti apane hI bA~dhe zubhAzubha karmoM ke pariNAmoM ko bhogatA hai| taba unase sahaja hI pUchane kA mana ho AtA hai ki ve karma kahA~ se Ate hai ? jisa samaya brahmA sRSTi banAte hai, usa samaya kyA ve sakarmajIva banAte hai yA akarma ? __ni:sandeha isa sRSTi kI utpatti agara kisI vyakti dvArA mAnI jAya to vibhinna samasyAe~ khar3I ho jaayegii| jaina darzana ina samasta samasyAoM kA samAdhAna eka hI vAkya meM karatA hai aura vaha vAkya hai- ki sRSTi anAdi-ananta aura parivartanazIla hai| isakA koI kartA, hartA yA niyantA nahIM hai| avatAravAda ke anusAra mokSa meM jAne ke pazcAt bhI rAga-dveSa ke kAraNa AtmA puna: saMsAra meM A sakatA hai| nizcita hI yaha mAnyatA kisI bhI apekSA se vyavahArika nahIM ho sktii| koI bhI AtmA eka bAra zuddha hone ke bAda puna: azuddha kaise ho sakatI hai ? agara puna: azuddha hone kI sambhAvanA rahe to koI bhI kyoM zuddha hone kA prayAsa karegA ? jaina darzana isa sambandha meM bahuta hI vyavahArika tarka prastuta karatA hai -jaise bIja jalane ke bAda usameM se per3a hone kI sambhAvanA samApta ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra karmabIja ke jala jAne para saMsAra meM Agamana bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| jahA~ se lauTakara nahIM AyA jA sakatA, use hI to siddhi gati kahate hai| gItA meM zrIkRSNa isI bAta ko kahate hai - _ 'yad gattvA na nivartante taddhAma paramaM mm|' jahA~ se lauTakara nahIM AyA jAtA, vahI merA parama dhAma hai| sUkSma bhI agara rAga-dveSa kA bIja vidyamAna rahe to usake vistAra kI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai| yahA~ to eka aMza bhI rAga-dveSa rUpa kAraNa nahIM hai, phira punarjanma rUpa kArya kaise sambhava ho sakatA hai ? __ avatAravAda kI isa mithyA dhAraNA ke pIche kyA kAraNa the aura isakI kalpanA kyoM kI gayI ? ise prastuta sUtra meM kahIM spaSTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kuzIla mokSavAdiyoM kI vibhinna mAnyatAoM ke sAtha unakA khaNDana bhI prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kyA yaha sambhava hai ki snAna se yA homa se, namaka tyAga se yA sevana se mokSa mile ? paramAtmA mahAvIra to sUkSma se sUkSma jIva kI hiMsA ko bhI AtmA ke patana kA kAraNa mAnate hai, to vahA~ mA~sa406 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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bhakSaNa se mokSa kI kalpanA kaise yuktisaMgata ho sakatI hai? jainadarzana evaM usa paramparA ke samasta tIrthaMkara mAtra Atma zodhana aura Atmazuddhi meM hI vizvAsa karate hai| Atmazuddhi kA mukhya AdhAra hai - bhAvazuddhi / bhAvazuddhi kA dUsarA nAma hI mokSa hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM varNita samasta vAda ekAMgI dRSTikoNa hai| jainadarzana ne ina sabhI ekAntavAdoM kA samAdhAna syAdvAda ke antargata DhU~DhA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra padArtha zAzvata hai para usakA AkAra-prakAra azAzvata hai| isa mAnyatA kI svIkRti meM hI vizva kI samasta vyavasthAe~ vyavasthita ho sakatI hai| ise jainadarzana paryAya pariNamana ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| paryAya-pariNamana kA siddhAnta 'uppameI vA, vigamei vA dhuveI vA' kA hI paryAyavAcI hai| vAdoM ke gambhIra varNana vizleSaNa se isa grantha kI upayogitA sabhI pAThakoM evaM taTastha adhyetAoM ke lie bar3ha gayI hai para AgamoM kA mukhya lakSya, jo ki Atmazuddhi hai, vaha isake pratyeka adhyayana hI kyoM, balki pratyeka sUtra meM najara AtA hai| zramaNa kA jIvana, usakI AhAracaryA kA vizada vizleSaNa isa grantha meM saMgrahita hai| saMyamI jIvana ke prArambhika kSaNoM meM hI isa grantha ke paThana kI sUcanA hai tAki usI anusAra jIvana jIne kI preraNA mile aura AtmA apane janma janmAntara ke bandhanoM ko tor3a ske| sAMsArika AkarSaNa meM anAdikAla se hamArI AtmA ulajhI huI hai| unase mukta honA AsAna nahIM hai| usake lie satata usI prakAra kA vAtAvaraNa caahie| yaha Agama grantha isI kI pUrti karatA hai| isameM aise aneka sUtra hai, jo AtmA ko vairAgyavAsita karate hai| naraka kA varNana patthara ko bhI kaMpita kara sakatA hai| hama apane jIvana meM palabhara kI pIr3A se tilamilA uThate hai jabaki naraka ke jIva hajAroM-lAkhoM varSoM taka pratipala dArUNa kaSToM ko bhogate hai| vahA~ palabhara ke lie bhI agara zAnti milatI hai, to vaha bhI eka upalabdhi ke rUpa meM rekhAMkita hotI hai| jaise- tIrthaMkara ke kalyANaka prasaMga meM palabhara kI zAnti kA varNana zAstroM meM ullikhita hai| ni:sandeha sUtrakRtAMga Agama apane Apa meM eka sampUrNa zAstra hai| isameM jahA~ adhyAtma hai, vahIM sAmAjika jIvana kI vyavasthA ko suvyavasthita calAnevAle mudde bhI hai| isameM jahA~ jainadarzana kI pramukha mAnyatAoM kA varNana-vizleSaNa hai, upasaMhAra / 407

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vahIM bhAratIya saMskRti meM upajI samasta mAnyatAoM kA bhI vistArapUrvaka vivecana hai / agara koI yaha kahe ki eka sampUrNa Agama kA nAma batAiye jise par3hane para sampUrNa bhAratIya darzana tathA jaina AcAra saMhitA kA adhyayana ho sake to niHsandeha sUtrakRtAMga kA nAma sarvaprathama ubhara AtA hai / bhAratIya saMskRti mukhya rUpa se AtmA ke irdagirda hI ghUmatI hai| usake baMdhana evaM unase mukti hI pratyeka dharmadarzana kA lakSya hai| nizcaya hI sUtrakRtAMga hamArI ina samasta apekSAoM para kharA utaratA pratIta hotA hai / sUtrakRtAMga ke prathama sUtra meM hI kahA hai- baMdhana ko jAnakara unheM tor3ane kA prayAsa kreN| baMdhana kyA hai aura use tor3ane ke kyA-kyA upAya hai, tor3akara jahA~ pahu~canA hai, usa siddhigati ke sambandha meM kyA avadhAraNA hai, Adi-Adi viSayoM kA sampUrNa dArzanika evaM tArkika vizleSaNa isameM upalabdha hai| 408 / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra kA dArzanika adhyayana

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prakAzaka - saMskaraNa vi.saM. 2055 1980 vi.saM. 2031 2002/1986 1990 laM saM. muni nathamala + 6. sandarbha grantha-sUcI aMga sAhitya kra. grantha kA nAma lekhaka, sampAdaka, anuvAdaka vivecaka AcArAMga sUtram (pra.zru.) anu. saMpA. muni vikramasenavijayajI zrI bhuvana-bhadraMkara sAhitya pracAra kendra, madrAsa AcArAMga sUtra (pra.tathA dvi.zru.) saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara AyAro jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM sUyagaDo bhAga 1/2 saM. AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 5. sUyagaDa suttaM - 1 anu. muni lalita prabhasAgarajI prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura zrI sUtrakRtAMgasUtram anu. amolaka RSijI ma. zrI amola jaina jJAnAlaya, dhuliyA 1. sUyagaDAga sUtra bhAga - 1 guja. anu. mahAsatI urmilA bAI zrI guruprANa phAuNDezana, zrI royala pArka sthA. jaina moTA saMgha, rAjakoTa 8. zrI sUyagaDAMga sUtra saM. paM. umezacandrajI ma. zrI akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMskRti rakSaka saMgha, sailAnA 9. mahAvIra svAmI no saMyama dharma sa. gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela jaina sAhitya prakAzana maNDala, ahamadAbAda (sUtrakRtAMga kA gujarAtI chAyAnuvAda) / 10. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra saM. paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla zrI prema jinAgama samiti, ghATakopara, mumbaI 11. sUyagaDAMga sUtra bhAga 1/2 anu. tribhovanadAsa rUghanAthadAsa AkAza zeThanA pUvAnI pola, ahamadAbAda 2002 [409] 2000 vi.saM.2013 vi.saM.1992 1899

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12. zrI sUyagaDAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra pra tathA dvi. zru. 13. 14. sUyagaDAMga sutta 15. sUtrakRtAga sUtra pra.zru.. sthAnAMga sUtra ThANa 16. 17. 18. samavAyAga sUtra 19. samavAo 20. vyAkhyA prajJapti sUtra - pra. khaNDa 21. vyAkhyA prajJapti sUtra - dvi. khaNDa 22. vyAkhyA prajJapti sUtra- tR. khaNDa 23. 24. 25. vyAkhyA prajJapti sUtra - ca. khaNDa bhagavaI viAhapaNNattI - 1/2 jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra nAyA dhammakAo uvAsagadasAo 26. 27. saM. tapasvI paM. DuMgarazI ma. saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI saM. muni jaMbuvijayajI ma. saM. zrI amaramunijI ma. saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. muni nathamala saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. yuvAcArya mahAprajJa saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. AcArya mahAprajJa saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. AcArya mahAprajJa saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. zrI anilakAnta baTukabhAI bharavADA, jAMbalI galI, borIvalI, mumbaI zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya, mumbaI AtmajJAna pITha, jaina dharmazAlA mAnasA maNDI, paMjAba jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU~ zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina vizvabhAratI saMsthAna, lADanUM jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU~ jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara 1976 1982 1978 1979/1981 2001 1976 2000 1984 1982 1983 1985 1986 1994/2000 1981 2003 1980 [410]

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1981 1981 1983 28. antakRtadazA sUtra ___29. anuttaropapAtika dazA sUtra 30. praznavyAkaraNa sUtra 31. vipAka sUtra 32. aMgasuttANi bhAga - 1 33. Agama guNa maMjuSA saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. muni nathamala saM. guNasAgara sUri jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM zrI jina goyamaguNa sarvodaya TrasTa, amarAvatI 2000 vi.saM. 2031 1999 saMskaraNa [411] 1982 kra. grantha kA nAma 34. aupapAtika sUtra 35. rAjapraznIya sUtra 36. prajJApanA sUtra-1/2 37. Avazyaka sUtram 38. Avazyaka sUtra 39. isibhAsiyAI sUtra 40. uttarajjhayaNANi upAMga, mUla Adi sAhitya lekhaka, sampA., anu., vive. prakAzaka saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara saM. kanhaiyAlAlajI ma. sthAnakavAsI jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara saM. manohara muni jI ma. sudharmA jJAna mandira, 170, kAMdAvADI, mumbaI-4 saM. muni nathamala jaina zve. terApaMthI mahAsabhA, Agama sAhitya prakAzana samiti, kalakattA saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara 1984 1983/84 1958 1985 1963 1967 41. uttarAdhyayana sUtra 1985

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1974 1985 42. dasaveAliyaM 43. dazavaikAlika sUtra 44. nandI sUtra 45. nandI sUtra 46. kalpasUtra 47. dazAzrutaskandha saM. muni nathamala saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. yuvAcArya madhukara munijI ma. saM. muni kanhaiyAlAla ma. saM. pyAracanda jI ma. 2000 jaina vizvamAratI, lADanUM zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa zrI Agama prakAzana samiti, byAvara jaina zAstroddhAra samiti, rAjakoTa 1958 1960 [412] kra. grantha kA nAma 48. AcArAMga niyukti 49. AcArAMga (zIlAMkavRtti) 50. AcArAMga bhASyam 51. AcArAMga cUrNi 52. AcArAMgasUtraM sUtrakRtAMgasUtraM ca (niyukti vRtti sahita) 53. zrImatsUtrakRtAMGgam (niyukti va vRtti sahita) niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi evaM vRtti sAhitya lekhaka, sampA., anu., vive. prakAzaka / saM. jaMbuvijayajI ma. motIlAla banArasIdAsa iMDolojika TrasTa, dillI saM. jaMbuvijayajI ma. motIlAla banArasIdAsa iMDolojika TrasTa, dillI bhA. AcArya mahAprajJa jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM le. jinadAsagaNi mahattara RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma saM. muni jaMbuvijayajI ma. motIlAla banArasIdAsa iMDolojika TrasTa, dillI saMskaraNa 1978 1978 1974 vi.saM. 1998 1978 sAsa le. AcArya bhadrabAhu tathA zIlAMkAcArya Agamodaya samiti, mehasANA 1917

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vi.saM.2052 le. AcArya bhadrabAhu tathA zIlAMkAcArya saM. candrasAgaragaNi zrI jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, marIna DrAiva, mumbaI zrI goDI pArzvanAtha jaina derAsara peDhI, pAyadhunI, mumbaI zrI motIlAla, pUnA 1950/53 saM. pI.ela. vaidya 1928 anu. paM. aMbikAdatta ojhA zrI mahAvIra jaina jJAnodaya sosAyaTI, rAjakoTa vi.saM.1993/95 54. zrImatsUtrakRtAGgam bhAga-1/2 (niyukti va vRtti sahita) 55. zrImatsUtrakRtAGgam (pra va dvi.zru.) (niyukti va vRtti sahita) 56. sUyagaDam (mUlapATha, niyukti, pAThAntara, TippaNa sahita) 57. zrI sUtrakRtAMgam (niyukti evaM vRtti sahita pra.zru.) bhAga-1/2/3 58. zrI sUtrakRtAMgam (niyukti evaM vRtti sahita- dvi.zru.) bhAga - 4 59. sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi 60. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra (niyukti-cUrNi sahita) 61. zrI sUyagaDAMga sUtra (TIkA, dIpikA, bAlAvabodha sahita) | 62. zrI sUtrakRtAGga dIpikA (harSakula gaNi racita) bhAga-1/2 anu. paM. abikAdatta ojhA zrI mahAvIra jaina jJAnodaya sosAyaTI, rAjakoTa vi.saM. 1996 [413] le. jinadAsagaNi saM. muni puNya vijayajI ma. 1941 RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI, vArANasI - 5 1975 saM. bhImasiMha mANaka rAya dhanapata siMha bahAdura, mumbaI vi.saM. 1936 saM. kalyANabodhi vijaya saMyama bodhi vijaya vi.saM. 2049 zrI jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, marIna DrAiva, mumbaI

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zrI jaina siddhAntasamA, zAnti sadana, mumbaI 1965 63. zrI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra bhAga-1/2 anu. bhikhAlAla giradharalAla zeTha 3/4 (TIkA sahita gujarAtI anu.) 64. zrI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra bhAga-1/2/3 saM. AcArya jinendrasUri 1967 bhA.1-1992 bhA.2/3-1993 1950 1969/1971 1922 1923 1937 zrI harSapuSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, lAkhAbAvala zAntipurI, saurASTra goDI pArzvanAtha granthamAlA zrI a.bhA. zve. sthA. jaina zAstroddhAra samiti rAjakoTa zrI mohanalAlajI jai. zve. jJAnabhaNDAra, gopIpurA sUrata seTha mANekalAla cunnIlAla, ahmdaabaad| Agamodaya samiti, sUrata Agamodaya samiti, bhAvanagara zrI bherUlAla kanhaiyAlAla koThArI TrasTa, mumbaI zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma Agamodaya samiti, mumbaI zrI bherUmala kanhaiyAlAla koThArI TrasTa, mumbaI Agamodaya samiti, mumbaI 65. sUtrakRtAMga dIpikA le. zrImad sAdhuraMga gaNi 66. zrI sUtrakRtAMga sUtra saM. paM. muni kanhaiyAlAlajI ma. bhAga-1/2/3/4 (ghAsIlAlajI kRta TIkA) 67. sUyagaDAMga sUtra- saTIka bhASAntara le. muni mANeka (gujarAtI) bhAga-1/2/3 68. sthAnAMga vRtti le. abhayadeva sUri 69. samavAyAMgavRtti le. abhayadeva sUri 70. bhagavatI vRtti le. abhayadeva sUri 71. Avazyaka niyukti A. bhadrabAhu 72. Avazyaka cUrNi (pUrvabhAga) le. jinadAsa gaNi .. 73. Avazyaka cUrNi (uttarabhAga) le. jinadAsa gaNi 74. Avazyaka vRtti le. A. malayagiri 75. Avazyaka vRtti bhAga- 1-2 le. AcArya haribhadra 76. Avazyaka vRtti le. AcArya malayagiri [414] 1919 1921 vi.saM. 2038 vi.saM.1928 vi.saM.1929 vi.saM. 1928 vi.saM. 2038 vi.saM. 1928

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1980 . 77. anuyogadvAra cUrNi 78. anuyogadvAra vRtti 79. anuyogadvAra vRtti 80. naMdI cUrNi 81. naMdI vRtti 82. naMdI hAribhadrIyAvRtti dazavaikAlika (niyuktivRtti) 84. dazavaikAlika cUrNi 85. niyukti paMcaka khaNDa- 3 86. uttarAdhyayana cUrNi uttarAdhyayana bRhad vRtti 88. nizItha bhASya cUrNi 89. vyavahArabhASya 90. vizeSAvazyakamASya 1-2 91. bRhatkalpamASya 92. niyukti saMgraha le. jinadAsagaNi le. maladhArI hemacandrasUri le. AcArya haribhadrasUri le. jinadAsagaNi mahattara le. AcArya malayagiri saM. muni puNyavijayajI ma. A. bhadrabAhu va A. haribhadra le. jinadAsagaNi saM. samaNI kusumaprajJA le. gopAlagaNi le. zrImad zAntyAcArya le. jinadAsagaNi saM. AcArya mahAprajJa le. jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa saM. muni puNyavijayajI ma. saM. A. jinendrasUri 1999 zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma vi.saM. 1928 zrI kesarabAI jJAnamandira, pATaNa 1939 zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma 1928 prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI, ahamadAbAda 1966 Agamodaya samiti, mehasANA prAkRta TeksTa sosAiTI, vArANasI 1966 devacaMdra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra bhaMDAgara saM. mumbaI 1918 zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma 1933 jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM zrI RSabhadevajI kesarImalajI zve. saMsthA, ratalAma 1933 devacaMdra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa, mumbaI 1989 sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA 1957 jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 1996 divyadarzana TrasTa, 68 gulAlavAr3I, mumbaI vi.saM. 2039 zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara harSa puSpAmRta jaina granthamAlA, lAkhAbAvala 1989 zAntipurI, saurASTra . paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, mumbaI [415] 1933-38 93. sabhASya tatvArtha sUtra saM. paM. ThAkuraprasAda zarmA

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zAstrI 1991 2001 94. sarvArtha siddhi 95. tatvArtha rAjavArtika bhAga-1/2 96. tatvArtha (zrutasAgarIya vRtti) 97. dazAzrutaskandha cUrNi vi.saM. 2011 bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI le. bhaTTa akalaMkadeva bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI saM. mahendra kumAra jaina bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, kAzI le. jinadAsagaNi maNivijayajIgaNi granthamAlA, bhAvanagara dArzanika grantha lekhaka, sampA., anu., vive. prakAzaka vasubandhu ke. pI. ri. insTrITyUTa, paTanA saM. bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa pAli prakAzana maNDala, nAlandA, bihAra pANinI nirNaya sAgara presa, mumbaI le. kundakundAcArya anantakIrti mANikacandra granthamAlA, mumbaI saM. svAmI dvArikAdAsa zAstrI prAcya bhAratI prakAzana, kamacchA, vArANasI saMskaraNa 1967 [416] 1916 1916 kra. grantha kA nAma 98. abhidharmakoza 99. abhidhammapiTaka 100. aSTAdhyAyI 101. aSTapAhuDa 102. aSTAviMzatyupaniSad 103. aMgapaNNapatti 104. aMguttaranikAya 105. atharvaveda 106. Agama aura vyAkhyA sAhitya 107. Agama sAhitya : eka parizIlana 108. Agama aura tripiTaka : eka anuzIlana khaNDa - 2 1969 anu. bhadanta Ananda kausalyAyana saM. zrIrAma zarmA le. vijayamuni zAstrI eca.ela. kApaDiyA . le. muni zrI nagarAjajI (DI.liT.) mahAbodhi sabhA, kalakattA saMskRti saMsthAna, barelI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA hIrAlAla rasikadAsa kApaDiyA, sUrata arhat prakAzana, a.bhA.zve.te. samAja kalakattA 1964 1941 1982

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1966 2001 zrI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM zrI gaNezavarNI di.jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI gItA presa, gorakhapura gItA presa, gorakhapura vi.saM. 2501 vi.saM. 2017 109. Agama yuga kA jainadarzana le. paM. dalasukhamAlavaNiyA 110. AcArAMga aura mahAvIra (zodha-prabaMdha) sAdhvI DA. zubhrayazA 111. Apta mImAMsA tatvadIpikA le. AcArya samantabhadra 112. IzAdi nau upaniSad saM. harikRSNadAsa goyankA 113. IzAvAsyopaniSad anu. jagadIzacaMda, harikRSNadAsa goyankA 114. etareyopaniSad 115. Rgveda saM. sAtavalekara 116. kaThopaniSad harikRSNadAsa goyankA 117. kasAya pAhuDa saM.paM. phulacaMdra, paM. mahendra kumAra 118. gaNadharavAda anu. pRthvIrAja jaina 119. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa) le. zrI nemicandra, saM. paM. khubacandra 1957 vi.saM. 2017 1944 [417] 1982 1977 svAdhyAya maNDala gItA presa, gorakhapura bhA.di.jaina saMgha caurAsI, mathurA rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa AnandAzrama, pUnA tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura vardhamAna mudraNAlaya, gaurIgaMja, vArANasI- 1 120. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa) 1999 121. chAndogyopaniSad 122. chedasUtra: eka parizIlana 123. jayadhavalA le. zrI nemicandra anu. manoharalAla zAstrI saM. gokhale gaNeza zAstrI A. devendramuni saM. phulacandra siddhAnta zAstrI 1910 1993

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124. jinavANI patrikA (jinAgama vizeSAMka) 125. jaina Agama - eka paricaya 126. jaina Agama sAhitya : manana aura mImAMsA 127. jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja 128. jainadarzana 129. jaina darzana ke mUla tatva 130. jainAgama digdarzana 131. jaina tatva mImAMsA 132. jaina darzana kA AdikAla 133. jaina darzana kA samIkSAtmaka anuzIlana 134. jaina dharma ke prabhAvaka AcArya 135. jaina dharmadarzana 136. jaina nyAya saM. DaoN. dharmacanda jaina le. yuvA . zrI madhukara muni . A. devendra DaoN. jagadIza candra jaina DaoN. mahendra kumArajI jaina le. vijayanazAstra DaoN. muni nagarAja paM. phulacandra zAstrI paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA sAdhvI nagInA sAdhvI saMghamitrA DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI samyag jJAna pracAraka maNDala, bApU bAjAra, jayapura muni zrI hajArImala smRti prakAzana, byAvara zrI tAraka guru jaina granthAlaya, udayapura caukhambA vidyA bhavana, vArANasI zrI gaNeza prasAdavarNI jaina granthamAlA, vArANasI divAkara prakAzana, avAgar3ha hAusa, AgarA rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura siddhAntAcArya phulacandra zAstrI phAuNDezana, rUDakI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU~ jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU~ pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI bhAratIya jJAnapITha, lodI roDa, dillI 2002 1977 1965 1974 1989 1980 vi.saM. 2522 1979 2002 2001 1973 2001 [418]

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137. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAga 1/2 138. jaina, bauddha, dharma aura darzana 139. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga - 1 * 140. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 2 141. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga - 3 142. jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma khaNDa 6 143. jJAnArNava 144. tatvArtha sUtra 145. tatvArtha sUtra (gujarAtI) 146. tatva saMgraha 147. tarka saMgraha: DaoN. sAgaramala jaina DaoN. rAjendra prasAda caturvedI le. becaradAsajI dozI le. DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA evaM jagadIza candra jaina le. DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA DaoN. sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha A. zubhacaMdra paM. sukhalAlajI siMghavI paM. sukhalAlajI siMghavI zAntarakSita le. annabhaTTa, saM. DaoN. dayAnanda bhArgava rAjasthAna prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura prakAzana kendra, relve krosiMga, lakhanaU pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI zrI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, zrImad rAjacaMdra Azrama, agAsa pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 1982 1979 1989 1966 1998 vi.saM. 2037 1976 1930 1968 2004 [419]

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148. tarkabhASA 149. taittirIyopaniSad 150. darzana - digdarzana 151. dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzikA 152. dIghanikAya 153. dravya vijJAna (zodha prabandha ) 154. dhammapada 155. dhavalA 156. dharmasaMgrahaNI 157. nayadarpaNa 1/2 158. nayopadeza 159. niyamasAra vRtti 160. nyAyadarzana 161. nyAyasUtra 162. nyAyabindu 163. paMcAstikAya tAtparyavRtti 164. jala yogadarzana 165. pravacana kiraNAvali saM. zrInivAsa zAstrI bhikSu rAhula sAMkRtyAyana A. siddhasena divAkara anu. rAhula sAkRtyAna sAdhvI DaoN. vidyutprabhA zrI saM. dharmAnanda kausambI le. vIrasena AcArya le. jinendravarNI upA. yazovijayajI kundakundAcArya gautama RSi gautama RSi dharmakIrti amRtAcaMdrAcArya maharSi pataJjali AcArya padmasUrI sAhitya bhaNDAra, subhASa bAjAra, meraTha AnandAzrama mudraNAlaya, pUnA vijaya lAvaNya sUri granthamAlA, boTAda mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura kuzInagara prakAzana, devariyA jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaNDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI di. jaina pAramArthika saMsthAna, javerIbAga, indaura zrImad rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa caukhambA saMskRta pratiSThAna, dillI caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, banArasa sAhitya bhaNDAra, meraTha gItA presa, gorakhapura zrI jainadharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara 1996 1898 1977 1936 1944 1954 1939-59 1965 1987 1986 1920 1975 vi.saM. 2017 1987 [420]

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166. prabhAvaka carita 167. pramANa mImAMsA 168. pramANa vArtika 169. pramukha jainAgamoM meM bhAratIya darzana ke tatva ( zodha prabandha) 170. prameya kamala mArttaNDa 171 prazastapAda bhASya 172. prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa 173. prAkRta vyAkaraNa 174. prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 175. dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzikA 176. bauddha darzana 177. bRhad dravya saMgraha 178. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad 179. brahmasUtra (zAMkara bhASya ) 180. bhagavad gItA saM. muni jinavijayajI AcArya hemacandrasUra dharmakIrti sAdhvI suprabhA prazastapAdAcArya DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI saM. vajrasena vijayajI DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina A. siddhasena divAkara le. AcArya narendradeva nemicandra siddhAnta deva bhA. AcArya zaMkara zaMkarAcArya anu. harikRSNadAsa goyandakA siMghi jaina jJAnapITha, ahamadAbAda siMghi jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda ur3IsA risarca jarnala, paTanA bherUlAla mA~gIlAla dharmAvata, udayapura vArANaseya saM. vizva. vArANasI tArA pablikezansa kamacchA, vArANasI bhadraMkara prakAzana, mahAlakSmI sosAiTI zAhI bAga, ahamadAbAda caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI - 1 vijaya lAvaNya sUri granthamAlA, boTAda motIlAla banArasIdAsa pablizarsa prA. li., dillI zrI vItarAga sat sAhitya pracAraka TrasTa, bhAvanagara gItApresa gorakhapura nirNayasAgara presa, mumbaI gItApresa, gorakhapura 1940 1939 1967 1994 1963 1966 1994 1985 1977 2001 vi.saM. 2033 vi.saM. 2014 1934 1917 [421]

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181. bhAratIya darzana 182. bhAratIya darzana 183. bhAratIya darzana 184. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna 185. majjhima nikAya 186. manusmRti 187. mahAbhArata, bhAga 3/4/5 188. milinda prazna 189. muNDakopaniSad 190. mUlArAdhanA (vijayodayA TIkA) 191. mUlAcAra 192. maitryupaniSad 193. yogadarzana 194. yogasUtra 195. yogavArtika 196. yogazAstra 197. ratnakaraDaka zrAvakAcAra jadunAtha sinhA AcArya baladeva zarmA saM. DaoN. na. ki. devarAja DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina saM. bhikSu dharmarakSita saM. nArAyaNarAma AcArya rAmacandra zAstrI kiMjavaDekara zivArya saM. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI sunRtA vidyAlaMkAra pAtaMjala yoga pradIpa vijJAna bhikSu AcArya hemacandra motIlAla banArasIdAsa pablizarsa prA. li., dillI zAradA mandira, vArANasI uttarapradeza hindI saMsthAna, lakhanaU madhyapradeza zAsana sAhitya pariSada, bhopAla mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa nirNayasAgara presa, mumbaI oriyaNTala buka rIpriMTa kaoNrpo. bauddha bhAratI, vArANasI vaidika maMtrAlaya, ajamera zrI hIrAlAla khuzAlacanda doSI, phalaTana bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI AnandAzrama presa, pUnA vI. ke. tanejA klAsika pabliziMga kampanI, dillI gItApresa, gorakhapura zrI nirgratha sAhitya prakAzana saMgha, dillI 2000 2001 1983 1962 1964 1946 1997 1960 1935 1992 1925 1995 vi.saM. 2018 1975 [422]

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198. ratnAkarAvatArikA bhAga 1 / 2 / 3 199. lalita vistarA 200. vinayapiTaka 201. vidhimArgaprapA 202. visuddhimagga 203. vaizeSika darzana 204. zatapatha brAhmaNa 205. zAstravArttA samuccaya anu. dhIrajalAla DAyAlAla mehatA AcArya haribhadrasUri anu. rAhula sAMkRtyAyana le. AcArya jinaprabhasUra AcArya buddha ghoSa prazastapAdAcArya 210. samayasAra 211. samAcArI zataka 212. sammatitarka prakaraNa khaMDa 1 A. haribhadrasUri bhA. zaMkarAcArya le. haribhadra saM. mahendra kumAra jaina 206. zvetAzvataropaniSad 207. SaDdarzana samuccaya 208. SaTkhaNDAgama (dhavalA TIkA sahita) saM. hIrAlAla jaina 209. saMyuttanikAya anu. bhikSu jagadIza kAzyapa kundakundAcArya samayasundaragaNi siddhasena divAkara zrI jinazAsana ArAdhanA TrasTa, marIna DrAiva, mumbaI mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa siMghi jaina granthamAlA, ahamadAbAda mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI caukhambA saMskRta sIrija, vArANasI lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira, ahamadAbAda gItA presa, gorakhapura bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI seTha zItalarAya lakSmIcandra, amarAvatI mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha, banArasa zrI vItarAga satsAhitya prasAraka TrasTa, bhAvanagara jinadattasUri jJAnabhaNDAra, sUrata zeTha motIzA lAlabAga jaina TrasTa, pAMjarA pola kampAuNDa bhUlezvara, mumbaI 1999/2000 1935 vi.saM. 1997 1956 1966 1958 vi.saM. 2050 1981 1942 vi.saM.2505 1996 vi.saM. 2040 [423]

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213. sammatitarka prakaraNa khaMDa 214. sammatitarka prakaraNa khaMDa 215. sarvadarzana saMgraha 216. sAMkhyakArikA 217. sAkhya sUtra 218. sAMkhya tatva kaumudI 219. subodhA samAcArI 220 suttapiTaka 221 suttanipAta - - 2 5 222. suzruta saMhitA 223. syAdvAdamaMjarI 224. sRSTivAda aura Izvara 225. hArita saMhitA 226. A History of the canon ical literature of Jain's 227. First step to Jainism Part I-II 228. Greek Thinkers Vol - 1 229. History of Indian literature Vol. II siddhasena divAkara siddhasena divAkara mAdhavAcArya le. Izvara kRSNacandra saM. udayavIra zAstrI vAcaspati mizra le. AcArya zrIcandra anu. bhikSu dharmaratna anu. saM. DaoN. jagadIzacandra jaina le. muni ratnacandrajI ma. H.R. Kapdia Bhandari Manakmal & Asulal Sancheti Theoder Gomperz Maurice Winternitz divyadarzana TrasTa, 36 kalikuNDa sosAiTI, dholakA divyadarzana TrasTa, 36 kalikuNDa sosAiTI, dholakA bhaNDArakara orieNTala insTiTyUTa, pUnA caukhambA pablizarsa, gokulabhavana, vArANasI virajAnanda vaidika saMsthAna, jvAlApura, haridvAra orieNTala buka ejensI, pUnA mahAbodhi sabhA sAranAtha, vArANasI paramazruta prabhAvaka maNDala, rAjacandra Azrama, agAsa jaina sAhitya pracAraka samiti, byAvara vi.saM. 2051 vi.saM. 2052 1951 2000 vi.saM. 2017 1967 Motilal Banarisdas, Delhi 1951 1979 1977 Samcheti Trust, SR Nagar, Jodhpur 2002 1993 [424]

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H. Jacobi Oxford 1895 230. The sacrad Book of the ___east Vol. 45 231. The principle upnishads 232. Uttaradhyayan Sutra Dr. S. Radhakrishan Jari Charpentier Ajay Book Service. Delhi 1980 kra. grantha kA nAma 233. abhidhAna ciMtAmaNi koza 234. abhidhAna rAjendra koza bhAga- 1-7 235. pAiasadda mahaNNavo [425] koSa sAhitya lekhaka, sampA., anu., vive. prakAzaka saMskaraNa hemacandrAcArya sabhA, pATaNa saM. A. rAjendrasari zrI jaina prabhAkara pariSada, vArANasI-5 1963 saM. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA amarasiMha caukhambA vidyAbhavana, vArANasI 1998 A. tulasI jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM 1980 muni dIparatna sAgara Agama ArAdhanA kendra, zItala sosAiTI, ahamadAbAda kSu. jinendravarNI bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI 1987 A. tulasI jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUM vA. sAdhu sundaragaNi jaina zve. saMgha. raMgana saMka. muktivijayajI gaNi zrI vijayanIti sUrIzvarajI jaina pustakAlaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda 1985 saMka. aMbAlAla premacanda zrI vijayanIti sUrIzvarajI jaina pustakAlaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda 1988 236. amarakoSa 237. Agama zabdakoza 238. Agama saddakoso bhAga 1-4 239. jainendra siddhAnta koSa bhAga 1-4 240. zrI bhikSu Agama viSayakoza 241. zrI zabda ratnAkara . 242. zabdaratna mahodadhi khaNDa - 1 243. zabdaratna mahodadhi khaNDa - 2 2001 1996

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244. zabdaratna mahodadhi khaNDa - 3 245. saMskRta hindI koza / 246. saMskRta dhAtukoza 247. halAyudhakoSa saMka. aMbAlAla premacanda le. vAmana zivarAma ApTe saM. yudhiSThira mImAMsaka zrI vijayanIti sUrIzvarajI jaina pustakAlaya TrasTa, ahamadAbAda 1991 motIlAla banArasIdAsa, dillI 1989 bahAlagar3ha, sonIpata hariyANA [426]

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zrI jinakAntisAgarasUri smAraka jahAja maMdira, mANDavalA, jAlora (rAja. Purb

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OB ain Ede Tontera For Puvate

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va sUtrakRtAgapUra va sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtI * sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtrasUtrakRtAga sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra na sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra na sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra na. sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRlAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga satra sUtrakRtAMga sUba sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra / sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAnasUna sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAmasUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga satra sUtrakRtAga sadara sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga satra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga stra sUtrakRtAMga sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMgasUba sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga satra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga va sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAvasUba sUtrakRtAga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga va sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga satra sUtrakRtAMga para sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtrasUtrakRtyA sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAgara sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUcakRta sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakalAMya satra sUtrakatA sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sabakatAMga sUtrasUtrakRlAma sUtrakRtAMga sUtra satrakatAMga satra sUtrakRtAya saha sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAMga sUrI sUtrakalAMga sUtra sUtrakalAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtrA sUtrasUtrakatAMga sUtra sUtrakRtAga sUtraH ekatAga sUtrakRtAMga sUtra 00000000