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________________ ratnaprabha sUrikRta ratnAkarAvatArikA ke sandarbha meM bauddhadarzana kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana parama lekhaka sAdhvI jyotsanAjI sampAdaka evaM mArgadarzaka pro. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka : prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.) 0 zve. sthAnakavAsI jaina saMgha, zujAlapura
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________________ prakAzana ke sahayogI zrI zAMtilAlajI evaM zrImatI zAMtAbAI jaina zujAlapura sau. hemalatA caudharI ke varSI tapa ke upalakSa meM zrI rAjendrakumAra - azvinIkumAra caudharI, zujAlapura zrI rAjendrakumArajI evaM zrImatI jyoti bAlA zAjApura zrImatI kalAbAI nemIcaMdajI jaina zujAlapura zrI ravindrakumArajI jaina zujAlapura
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________________ ratnaprabha sUrikRta ratnAkarAvatArikA ke sandarbha meM, bauddha darzana kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana lekhikA sAdhvI jyotsanAjI sampAdaka evaM mArgadarzaka pro. sAgaramala jaina prakAzaka zve. sthAnakavAsI jaina saMgha, zujAlapura prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura (ma.pra.)
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________________ ratnaprabha sUrikRta ratnAkarAvatArikA ke sandarbha meM bauddha darzana kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (jaina vizvabhAratI vizvavidyAlaya dvArA Ph.D. upAdhi hetu svIkRta) lekhikA sAdhvI jyotsanAjI sampAdaka evaM mArgadarzaka pro. sAgaramala jaina san 2010 pratiyA~ 600 mUlya : 350/ mudraka AkRti oNphaseTa 5, naIpeTha, ujjaina (ma.pra.) dUrabhASa : 0734-2561720 mobAila : 9827242489, 9827677780 E mail : akratioffset@gmail.com
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA viSaya-sUcI viSayAnukramaNikA adhyAya 1 jaina-darzana evaM nyAya-zAstra kI vikAsa yAtrA bhAratIya-darzanoM meM jaina-darzana kA sthAna yA vaiziSTya paM. sukhalAlajI dvArA prastuta jaina-darzana ke vikAsa ke tIna yuga (a) darzanoM ke sUtra-granthoM kA yuga (ba) anekAntasthApana-yuga (sa) nyAya-yuga paM. dalasukhabhAI dvArA prastuta jaina-dArzanika-sAhitya ke cAra yuga (a) Agama-yuga (ba) anekAnta vyavasthA-yuga (sa) pramANa-vyavasthA-yuga (da) navyanyAya-yuga jaina-nyAya kI vikAsa yAtrA meM bauddha-dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA siddhasenakRta sanmatitarka aura nyAyAvatAra meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA mallavAdikRta-dvAdazAra nayacakra aura bauddha-dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA tattvArtha-sUtra kI TIkAoM meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA samantabhadra kI Apta-mImAMsA aura bauddha-dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA haribhadrakRta dArzanika-granthoM meM bauddha-darzana akalaMka ke jaina-darzana saMbaMdhI grantha aura unameM bauddha- dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA vidyAnandI ke jaina-darzana saMbaMdhI granthoM, bauddha-mantavyoM kI samIkSA vAdirAjasUri evaM unakA nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa prabhAcandrakRta prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA hemacandrakRta anyayogavyavacchedikA tathA pramANa-mImAMsA meM bauddha-matoM kI samIkSA malliSeNakRta syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA 36 39 guNaratnakRta SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA upasaMhAra adhyAya 2 ratnAkarAvatArikA aura usake kartA ratnaprabhasUri : eka paricaya jaina-darzana evaM nyAya ke granthoM meM ratnAkarAvatArikA kA sthAna ratnAkarAvatArikA ke kartA aura unakA kAla ratnAkarAvatArikA ke kartA ke guru vAdidevasUri kA kAla ratnAkarAvatArikA ke kartA ratnaprabhasUri kI kRtiyA~ (a) neminAhacariya (neminAtha-caritra) (ba) doghaTTIvRtti (sa) ratnAkarAvatArikA ratnaprabhasUri kI guru-paramparA evaM unake gurubhrAtA ratnAkarAvatArikA ke lekhana kA prayojana ratnAkarAvatArikA kI viSaya-vastu upasaMhAra adhyAya 3 bauddha-darzana ke kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA bauddhoM kA 'sarvaM kSaNikam kA siddhAnta (pUrvapakSa) bauddha-darzana RjusUtra nayAbhAsa hai bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA bauddha-maMtavya kI ratnaprabhasUri dvArA kI gaI samIkSA bauddha-dArzanikoM kA pratiprazna jainoM kA samAdhAna bauddhoM dvArA punaH svapakSa kA maNDana ratnaprabha kI samIkSA bauddhoM dvArA svapakSa kA samarthana ratnaprabhasUri dvArA bauddha-yuktiyoM kI samIkSA jainoM kA uttarapakSa bauddha-santAnavAda aura usakI samIkSA 132 upasaMhAra 133 adhyAya 4 bauddha-anAtmavAda kA svarUpa aura samIkSA tripiTaka-sAhitya meM prastuta anAtmavAda (pUrvapakSa) 135 bauddha-anAtmavAda kA artha Atma-santativAda 139 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddhoM ke Atma-santativAda kI samIkSA 141 (a) bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa 141 (ba) jainoM kA uttarapakSa 143 upasaMhAra 160 . . 98 121 135
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya 5 zabda evaM artha ke sambandha meM bauddha evaM anya - dArzanikoM ke matoM kI samIkSA zabdArtha-sambandha ko lekara vibhinna pakSa zabdArtha-sambandha ke viSaya meM bauddha-dharmottara kA pUrvapakSa evaM usakI samIkSA adhyAya 6 bauddhoM ke apohavAda kI samIkSA apohavAda : bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabhasUri kI apohavAda kI samIkSA bauddhoM ke apohavAda kA sAmAnya artha upasaMhAra adhyAya 7 bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa - pratyakSa kA khaNDana aura pramANa kI nizcayAtmakatA kA pratipAdana mImAMsaka ke tAdAtmya - sambandha kI ratnaprabhasUri dvArA samIkSA 162 164 AcArya ratnaprabhasUri dvArA tAdAtmya - sambandha kI AlocanA 162 naiyAyikoM kA tadutpatti - sambandha aura usakI samIkSA jainoM kA vAcya - vAcaka- sambandha upasaMhAra 165 174 176 176 189 203 204 adhyAya 8 pratyabhijJA, tarka evaM smRti kI apramANatA ke saMbaMdha meM bauddhamata kI samIkSA (a) pratyabhijJA kI apramANatA kA bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa bauddhoM ke pratyabhijJA kI apramANatA ke sambandha meM 207 pramANa kI avadhAraNA kA pUrvapakSa 207 ratnaprabhasUra dvArA bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa - pratyakSa kI samIkSA 208 bhAratIya-darzana meM pratyakSa ke sambandha meM vibhinna avadhAraNAe~ DaoN. dharmacanda ke anusAra bauddha darzana meM pratyakSa-pramANa kA lakSaNa niSkarSa ratnaprabha kI samIkSA jainAcArya vidyAnanda dvArA bhI pratyabhijJA kI pramANatA kA sthApana (ba) jainoM ke tarka - pramANatA kI bauddhoM dvArA samIkSA jainoM ke tarka-pramANa kA svarUpa tarka - pramANa ke khaMDana hetu bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa evaM usakI samIkSA 161 vyApti - sambandha kI siddhi hetu aviruddha upalabdhirUpa jainoM dvArA mAnya hetu ke chaH bhedoM kI bauddhoM dvArA kI gaI samIkSA 161 161 229 229 231 234 234 235 240 249 249 51 260 5
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA 290 292 bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa 260 bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kI siddhi hetu prajJAkara ke tarka 261 bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kI puSTi kI yuktiyoM kI ratnaprabhasUri dvArA kI gaI samIkSA 261 smRti kI pramANatA kA niSedha aura usakI samIkSA 266 niSkarSa 267 adhyAya 9 bauddha-sammata zravaNendriya kI aprApyakAritA aura usakI samIkSA 270 bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa 270 ratnaprama dvArA zravaNendriya kI aprApyakAritA kI samIkSA 274 niSkarSa 274 adhyAya 10 bauddhoM ke sAmAnya ke niSedha kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA 277 jainoM kI sAmAnya kI avadhAraNA aura bauddhoM ke dvArA usakI samIkSA 277 bauddhoM dvArA sAmAnya ko kAlpanika mAnane kI ratnaprabha dvArA samIkSA bauddha-darzana kI vizeSa kI avadhAraNA kI ratnaprabha dvArA samIkSA upasaMhAra adhyAya 11 bauddhoM ke trilakSaNa hetu kI samIkSA 300 bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa 303 bauddhoM evaM naiyAyikoM ke pUrvapakSa 303 bauddhoM ke hetu ke trilakSaNa evaM naiyAyikoM ke paMcalakSaNa kA vivecana (a) pakSadharmatva (ba) sapakSasatva (sa) vipakSa-asatva 304 (da) abAdhita-viSayatva 305 (I) asat-pratipakSatva 306 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddhoM ke vilakSaNa evaM naiyAyikoM ke paMcalakSaNa hetuvAda kI samIkSA 307 upasaMhAra 314 adhyAya 12anumAna meM pakSa kI AvazyakatA ke saMbaMdha meM bauddhamata kI samIkSA jainoM dvArA prastuta bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa 318 ratnaprabhasUri dvArA prastuta bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa aura usakI samIkSA 319 anumAna meM pakSa kI anAvazyakatA saMbaMdhI bauddha-maMtavya kI samIkSA327 (a) bhAratIya-darzana meM anumAna ke avayava 327 (ba) pakSa kI anAvazyakatA ke saMbaMdha meM bauddhoM ke 303 303 318
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 331 353 353 354 361 pUrvapakSa kI samIkSA 328 upasaMhAra adhyAya 13 bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda kI samIkSA 331 viSaya-sthApana 331 zUnyavAdI bauddha-darzana kA pUrvapakSa ratnaprabhasUri dvArA zUnyavAda kI samIkSA 337 bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda kI tArkika-samIkSA 348 niSkarSa 350 adhyAya 14 AtmA kI anityatA aura kriyA tathA kriyAvAna kI abhinnatA kI samIkSA sAMkhya ke kUTastha-nityavAda evaM bauddhoM ke anityavAda ke pUrvapakSa bauddhoM dvArA apane pUrvapakSa kI sthApanA aura ratnaprabha dvArA usakI samIkSA kriyA aura kriyAvAn ke bhinnatva aura abhinnatva kA prazna 358 bauddha evaM vaizeSika-pUrvapakSa 358 jainoM dvArA vaizeSika evaM bauddha-mata kI samIkSA 359 upasaMhAra 359 adhyAya 15 pakSAbhAsa evaM hetvAbhAsa ke saMbaMdha meM bauddha-mantavya kI samIkSA bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa 361 ratnaprabhasUri kI samIkSA 362 viruddha hetvAbhAsa ke saMdarbha meM bauddhoM ke maMtavya kI samIkSA 363 dRSTAntAbhAsa ke saMdarbha meM buddha kI AptatA kI samIkSA 364 hetvAbhAsa ke saMbaMdha meM jaina-dRSTikoNa hetvAbhAsa ke saMbaMdha meM bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa asiddha-hetvAbhAsa kI jaina-darzana kI samIkSA kA bauddhoM kA pratyuttara bauddhoM ke asAdhAraNAnekAntika (anekAntika) hetvAbhAsa kI samIkSA37 upasaMhAra 372 adhyAya 16 bauddhoM ke bAhyArtha-niSedha evaM pramANa tathA pramANaphala kI abhinnatA kI samIkSA 374 (a) bauddha-pUrvapakSa, bauddhoM dvArA bAhyArtha kA niSedha 374 (ba) ratnaprabhasUri dvArA bAhyArtha ke niSedha kI samIkSA bauddhoM ke pramANa aura pramANaphala kI ekAnta-abhinnatA ke siddhAMta kI samIkSA 375 (a) bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa 375 (ba) ratnaprabha kA uttarapakSa adhyAya 17 upasaMhAra 379 366 366 367 374 377
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA prAkkathana bhAratIya-darzana meM pramukha rUpa se tIna vidhAeM upalabdha hotI haiM - (1) jJAna-mImAMsA (2) tattva-mImAMsA aura (3) aacaar-miimaaNsaa| zodha ke kSetra meM tattva-mImAMsA aura AcAra-mImAMsA para hI adhika kArya hue haiN| jJAna-mImAMsA ke kSetra meM yadyapi kucha kArya to hue hai, phira bhI zodha-dRSTi se yaha kSetra prAyaH asparzita hI rahA hai| usameM bhI jahA~ taka jaina-nyAya kA prazna hai, sAmAnyatayA cAra-pA~ca zodhaprabaMdha hI isa vidhA para likhe gae haiM, kiMtu unake viSaya ke rUpa meM pramANazAstra kI sAmAnya avadhAraNA hI rahI hai, jaise jJAna-mImAMsA, jainadarzana meM pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA, jainadarzana meM anumAna aadi| jaina-nyAya ke mUla granthoM ko lekara isa dizA meM vizeSa zodhakArya nahIM hue haiM, jabaki jaina-AcAryoM ne jaina-nyAya se saMbaMdhita aneka maulika graMthoM kI racanA kI hai| prastuta zodhakArya meM jaina-nyAya ke bArahavIM-zatI meM nirmita pramANanayatattvAloka ke ratnaprabhasarikRta eka TIkA grantha 'ratnAkarAvatArikA' ko zodha kA viSaya banAyA gayA hai| yaha grantha pramANanayatattvAloka para hI eka TIkA ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| __ prastuta zodhakArya kI AvazyakatA - 'pramANanayatattvAloka' para svayaM AcArya vAdidevasari ne syAdvAdaratnAkara nAmaka lagabhaga 84 hajAra zloka parimANa svopajJa vistRta TIkA likhI thI, kiMtu yaha TIkA atyaMta jaTila aura vistRta hone ke kAraNa unake hI ziSya ratnasiMhanaMdIjI, jo bAda meM ratnaprabhasUri kahalAe, ne madhyama AkAra kI TIkA ke rUpa meM ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka TIkA grantha kI racanA kii| yadyapi ratnAkarAvatArikA eka TIkA grantha hai, kiMtu yaha apane Apa meM hI jaina-nyAya kA eka maulika-grantha bana gayA hai| yaha grantha tIna khaNDoM meM lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya vidyA maMdira, ahamadAbAda se prakAzita huA hai| mUla grantha saMskRta-bhASA meM nibaddha hai aura abhI taka isakA hindI aura aMgrejI bhASA meM koI anuvAda nahIM huA hai| isa grantha kI yaha viSeSatA hai ki isameM jaina-nyAya ke sAmAnya siddhAntoM ke vivecana ke sAtha-sAtha una siddhAMtoM ke saMdarbha meM jaina-mAnyatAoM se bhinna mAnyatA rakhane vAle
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA anya-dArzanika-matoM kI gahana tArkika-samIkSA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra, yaha grantha jaina-nyAya kA grantha hote hue bhI bhAratIya-darzana kA bhI eka mahatvapUrNa grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isa grantha meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM bhAratIya darzana kI sabhI zAkhAoM kI pramukha mAnyatAoM ko prastuta kara unakI tArkika-samIkSA karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, bhAratIya-darzana kI sabhI pramukha zAkhAoM yathA cArvAka, bauddha, naiyAyika-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, mImAMsA aura vedAMta kI samIkSA isa graMtha meM upalabdha ho jAtI hai| yadyapi yoga aura vedAMta ke matoM kI spaSTa samIkSA kA abhAva hai, kiMtu prakArAntara se unakI samIkSA bhI upalabdha ho jAtI hai, kyoMki isase vedAMta ko mImAMsA meM aura yoga ko sAMkhya meM samAhita kara liyA gayA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki maiMne apane zodhakArya ke lie 'ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha-darzana ke vividha maMtavyoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana' isa viSaya kA nirdhAraNa kiyaa| jaina-darzana ko aitihAsika-dRSTi se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai - 1. Agama-yuga 2. anekAntasthApana-yuga aura 3. jainnyaay-yug| jaina-AgamoM meM bhI bIjarUpa se jaina-nyAya kI kucha avadhAraNAeM upalabdha hotI haiN| vizeSa rUpa se, samavAyAMgasUtra, anuyogadvArasUtra aura naMdI-sUtra meM bIjarUpa se ye avadhAraNAeM prastuta kI gaI haiM, kiMtu unameM mukhyatayA jo vivecana upalabdha haiM, unakA saMbaMdha naya-nikSepa, paMcajJAna aura pramANa se saMbaMdhita hai, sAtha hI yaha jJAtavya hai ki AgamoM meM ina avadhAraNAoM kA mAtra nirdeza hI upalabdha hotA hai, inake saMbaMdha meM koI vistRta vivecana yA anya-matoM kI samIkSA hameM upalabdha nahIM hotii| jahA~ taka anya-dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA kA prazna hai, vaha jaina-nyAya ke granthoM kA pramukha viSaya hai| AgamoM meM sUtrakRtAMga evaM rAjapraSnIya meM bauddhAdi anya-matoM kA prastutikaraNa hai aura unakI samIkSA bhI hai, kiMtu vaha itanI praur3ha nahIM hai, mAtra sAMketika-nirdeza hI hai| jahA~ taka anekAntasthApana-yuga kA prazna hai, isakA prAraMbha siddhasena ke sanmatitarka nAmaka grantha se hotA hai| isa yuga kA anya praur3ha-grantha mallavAdi kA nayacakra hai| isa grantha meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM bauddhAdi vibhinna darzanoM kI mUlabhUta avadhAraNA ko rakhA gayA hai aura unakI virodhI avadhAraNAoM ke dvArA hI unakI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai| isa prakAra, bauddhAdi anya bhAratIya-darzanoM kI ekAntika-mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kA yaha prathama praur3ha-grantha hai, phira bhI jaina-nyAya ke kSetra meM jina granthoM kI
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________________ 10 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA racanA huI unameM digaMbara-paraMparA meM prameyakamalamArtaNDa aura zvetAmbara-paraMparA meM syAdvAdaratnAkara sabase praur3ha-grantha mAne jAte haiN| jahA~ taka mere zodhagrantha ratnAkarAvatArikA kA prazna hai, yaha grantha yadyapi syAdvAdaratnAkara kI apekSA AkAra meM choTA hai, phira bhI yaha bauddhAdi bhAratIya-darzanoM kI tattvamImAMsIya aura jJAnamImAMsIya avadhAraNAoM kI jo samIkSA prastuta karatA hai, vaha atyaMta praur3ha hai| bauddhAdi anya-dArzanika-matoM kI praur3ha-samAlocanA ke kAraNa hI isa graMtha kA mahatva hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki prastuta graMtha ko maiMne apane zodha kA viSaya banAyA hai| isa kSetra meM abhI taka jo bhI zodhakArya hue haiM, unameM mAtra DaoN. dharmacandajI jaina kI bauddhapramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA hai, kiMtu isa grantha meM ratnAkarAvatArikA kA sparza bhI nahIM hai, unakA mUla AdhAra vizeSa rUpa se digambara-paraMparA ke grantha rahe haiM- dvAdazAranayacakra Adi, kucha zvetAmbara-granthoM ke nAma mAtra ke nirdeza haiN| ratnAkarAvatArikA kA ullekha na to unake saMdoM meM hai aura na saMdarbha-grantha kI sUcI meM hai| dUsare, unakA yaha grantha mUlataH pramANamImAMsA ko AdhAra banAtA hai, jabaki hamArI zodha meM pramANamImAMsA ke sAtha-sAtha tattvamImAMsA bhI samAhita hai| jahA~ taka ratnAkarAvatArikA kA prazna hai, usa para to Aja taka koI zodhakArya nahIM huA hai| bhAratIya-nyAya ke adhyetAoM kI dRSTi meM bhI yaha grantha upekSita hI rahA hai| isakA eka kAraNa yaha bhI rahA ki Aja taka isa grantha kA hindI yA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI upalabdha nahIM thA, Aja taka isa grantha kI ora vidvAnoM kA dhyAna hI nahIM gyaa| isI kAraNa, maiMne yaha viSaya cunA aura apane mArgadarzaka ke nirdezAnusAra ise pUrNa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kRtajJatA jJApana Aja mujhe yaha kahate hue atyanta prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai ki- 'ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA' nAmaka mere zodhagrantha kA lekhanakArya nirvighnatApUrvaka pUrNa ho rahA hai| ___ maiM sarvaprathama zraddheya gurubhagavanta AcAryasamrAT pUjyazrI AnandaRSijI ma.sA. evaM dAda-guruNI mAlavasiMhanI, pravartinI pUjyazrI ratanaku~varajI ma.sA. ke prati vinayAMjalI prastuta karatI hU~ ki ApakI adRSTa kRpA se merA yaha zodhakArya sampanna huaa| isake sAtha hI merI AsthA kI kendra pUjyA guruNI maiyyA bA.bra. zrI kuzalaku~varajI ma.sA. ke pAdapadmoM meM hRdaya se namana karatI hU~ ki ApakI satata preraNA se hI zodha-grantha kA lekhanakArya pUrNa huA hai| zodha-prabandha kI pUrNatA ke ina kSaNoM ke kucha mAsa (mAha) pUrva hI Apake varadahasta se hama saba vaMcita ho gae, kintu ApakI adRzya preraNA hI ise pUrNatA taka pahu~cA sakI hai| mujhe isa adhyayana hetu ApakI preraNA sadaiva hI milatI rahatI thii| ApakI utsAha bharI preraNA ne hI merI AMtarika cetanA ko jAgrata kiyA aura ApazrI ke sAnnidhya meM gyArahavIM kakSA se lekara pIeca. DI. taka kI yaha yAtrA pUrNa huii| mere adhyayana kA sArA zreya ApazrI ko hI hai| Aja maiMne ApakA hI sapanA pUrA kiyA hai| yadyapi mujhe ApakI riktatA khalatI rahatI hai, kintu phira bhI maiMne lagabhaga apanA yaha lekhana-kArya Apako apane samakSa mAnakara hI pUrNa kiyA hai| maiM apane isa zodhagrantha ko aMjalIbaddha ApazrI ke karakamaloM meM hI samarpita karatI huuN| maiM sadaiva ApakI ananta kRpA kI RNI rahU~gI tathA yaha cAhU~gI ki ApakI yaha kRpA nirantara hI mujha para barasatI rahe aura maiM Atma-sAdhanA ke pragati-patha para bar3hatI rahU~| maiM merI guruNI-tulyA jinazAsanacandrikA pUjyA DaoN. pramodaku~varajI ma.sA. kI bhI AbhArI hU~ ki jinase bhI mujhe adhyayana hetu preraNA milatI rahI evaM unakI snehAsikta kRpA se merA zodhakArya pUrNa huA, ataH, maiM unheM sAdara vaMdana karatI huuN|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA maiM merI gurubhaginI pUjya zrI puSpakuMvarajI ma.sA. kI bhI bahuta-bahuta kRtajJa hU~ ki Apake sahayoga ke binA merA svapna sAkAra nahIM ho paataa| guruNI maiyyA kI riktatA meM Apa sadaiva prerita karatI rahIM evaM mere adhyayanakAla meM sevArata rahI, ataH, maiM zraddhAyuta ApazrI ko namana karatI huuN| ____ maiM apane samasta gurubhaginI maNDala kI bhI bahuta AbhArI hU~, kyoMki unakA bhI mujhe sadaiva sahayoga milatA rahA hai| __ anta meM, mere jJAna-guru, mArgadarzaka, vidvattratna DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ke prati bahuta-bahuta kRtajJatA-jJApita karatI hU~| ApakA prArambha se hI mere adhyayana meM sahayoga milatA rahA hai| bI.e., ema.e. (darzanazAstra) evaM AcArya kI parIkSA ke adhyayana meM bhI ApakA hI mArgadarzana mujhe prApta hotA rahA hai| jaina-siddhAntAcArya kI parIkSA meM jaba Apase ratnAkarAvatArikA ke adhyayana kA suyoga milA, taba se hI mujhe sadaiva hI ApakI prareNA rahI thI ki mujhe isa para zodhakArya karanA hai| Apake hI mArgadarzana evaM sahayoga se yaha kArya pUrNatA para pahu~cA hai aura maiM isa lekhana kArya ko pUrNa kara sakI huuN| anta meM, maiM Apase sadaiva yahI apekSA rakhatI hU~ ki adhyayana ke kSetra meM ApakA mArgadarzana sadaiva milatA rhe| isa samaya maiM Apake parivAra ko bhI vismRta nahIM kara sakatI, kyoMki mamatAmayI mAtRsnehI zrImatI kamalA bahana evaM samasta parijanoM kA bhI AtmIyatApUrNa mere isa kArya meM sahayoga rahA hai| isa zodhakArya hetu Arthika sahayoga pradAna karake zrutajJAna kI sevA kA lAbha lene vAle- vAtsalyamUrti suzrAvikA zrImatI jyotibAlA jaina (dharmapatnI) udAramanA sevAbhAvI zrI rAjendrakumArajI jaina evaM unake parivAra ko bhI maiM, merI guruNI maiyyA kI ora se evaM samasta sAdhvImaNDala kI ora se unakI dharmabhAvanA ko sAdhuvAda detI huuN| aise samaya meM, maiM zAjApura zrIsaMgha ko bhI kaise bhulA sakatI hU~, jinakI maiM sadA-sarvadA hI RNI hU~, kyoMki vigata paccIsa varSoM se mere jJAnArjana meM niraMtara hI sahayoga karatA rahA hai, ataH, zrIsaMgha kI bhI AbhArI huuN| mere isa zodhakArya ko kampyUTara para mudraNa hetu zrI anilajI varmA evaM prupha saMzodhana meM sahayoga hetu zrI caitanyakumArajI sonI ko bhI sAdhuvAda detI hU~, jinake kAraNa yaha zodha-prabandha yaha AkAra le skaa| kuzala ziSyA sAdhvI - jyotsnA
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya 1 jainadarzana evaM nyAya-zAstra kI vikAsa yAtrA bhAratIya-darzanoM meM jaina-darzana kA sthAna yA vaiziSTya - __bhAratIya-cintana meM vedoM aura vizeSa rUpa se upaniSadoM ke kAla se hI vividha dArzanika avadhAraNAoM ke bIja to upasthita milate haiM, kintu unameM darzanoM ke vibhAjana kI koI carcA nahIM miltii| sarvaprathama sAMkhya-yoga, nyAya-vaizeSika tathA pUrva-mImAMsA, uttara-mImAMsA ke yugmoM ke sAtha pahale jaina phira bauddha aura cArvAkoM ko sammilita karake SaTdarzanoM kI vyavasthA huii| usa kAla taka sAMkhya-yoga, nyAya-vaizeSika tathA pUrva-mImAMsA, uttara-mImAMsA ko tIna yugmoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra karake hI SaTdarzana kI avadhAraNA banI thI, kintu kAlAntara meM Astika aura nAstika kA bheda khar3A karake chaH Astika-darzana aura cha: nAstika-darzana mAne ge| jaba SaTnAstika-darzanoM kI bAta AI, to bauddhoM ke cAra dArzanika-saMpradAyoM- sautrAntika, vaibhASika, vijJAnavAdI aura zUnyavAdI ko alaga-alaga karake unake sAtha jaina aura cArvAka ko jor3akara cha: nAstika-darzana mAne gae, kintu darzana ke kSetra meM nAstika aura Astika kI yaha avadhAraNA samucita nahIM thI, kyoMki yadi hama Izvara ko, sRSTikartA mAnane vAle ko Astika kahate haiM, to mImAMsA aura sAMkhya-darzana nAstika kI koTi meM cale jAeMge, kyoMki ye donoM spaSTataH, Izvara ko sRSTi-kartA nahIM mAnate haiN| yoga ko cAhe sezvara mAnA bhI jAe, kintu vahA~ bhI Izvara ke saSTi-karttatva kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, ata:, Izvara ke saSTi-karttatva kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para Astika aura nAstika kA yaha vibhAjana samyaka rUpa se sthira nahIM ho paayaa| dUsarI ora, yadi hama pANinIya-sUtroM ke AdhAra para yaha mAneM ki jo paraloka aura punarjanma meM AsthA rakhate haiM, ve Astika haiM, to aisI sthiti meM jaina aura bauddhoM ko bhI hameM Astika kI koTi meM hI rakhanA hogaa| DaoN. maMgalacaMda zAstrI ne DaoN. mahendrakumAra kI jaina-darzana nAmaka pustaka kI bhUmikA meM Astika aura nAstika ke isa
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA vargIkaraNa ko anucita mAnate hue pANinIya - sUtroM ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki jaina aura bauddha darzana paraloka aura punarjanma ko svIkAra karate haiM, ataH, unheM Astika kI koTi meM hI mAnA jaae|' kAlAntara meM Astika aura nAstika kA artha badalA aura yaha kahA jAne lagA ki jo vedoM kI nindA karate haiM, yA unake prAmANya ko amAnya karate haiM, ve nAstika haiM ( nAstiko veda nindakaH) / isa AdhAra ko lekara jaina aura bauddhadarzanoM ko nAstika kI koTi meM DAlA gayA, kintu vaidika - karmakANDa kI samAlocanA kevala jaina, bauddha aura cArvAkoM ne hI kI hai, aisA nahIM hai| upaniSadoM aura gItA meM bhI isa vaidika karmakANDa kI aura yajJa-yAga kI samAlocanA hameM milatI hai| 2 kyA hama upaniSadoM ko aura gItA ko nAstikoM kA dharmagrantha mAneMge ? aisA to kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH, darzanoM kA Astika aura nAstika ke bIca vibhAjana samucita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / 14 dUsare, bhAratIya - darzanoM ke itihAsa meM jaina aura bauddha darzanoM kA avadAna kama nahIM hai / dArzanika cintana ke vikAsa meM ina donoM dhArAoM kA mahatvapUrNa avadAna rahA hai / jahA~ bauddhoM ne naiyAyikoM aura mImAMsakoM ke aneka siddhAntoM kI samIkSA karake unakA khaMDana kiyA hai, vahIM jaina- dArzanikoM ne paraspara virodhI aneka dArzanika avadhAraNAoM meM apanI anekAnta-dRSTi ke AdhAra para samanvaya kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa prakAra, bhAratIya-darzana kI yAtrA meM pakSa, pratipakSa aura samanvaya kI isa prakriyA ke dvArA dArzanika - cintana kA jo vikAsa huA hai, usameM jaina aura bauddhoM kA mahatvapUrNa avadAna hai| jahA~ taka dArzanika- vivAdoM ke madhya samanvaya ke sUtra prastuta kara unakA samAdhAna dene kA prazna hai, bhAratIya darzana ke itihAsa meM jaina- darzana hI eka aisA darzana hai, jisane darzana ke kSetra meM aneka virodhI - mAnyatAoM ke madhya samanvaya ke prayatna kie haiN| bauddhoM ne yadyapi vibhinna- dArzanika ekAMta matoM kI samIkSA to kI, kintu ve unheM kevala ekAMgI kahakara raha ge| ekAntavAda kI samIkSA meM jaina aura bauddha- donoM 1 jaina-darzana- paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya bhUmikA - DaoN. maMgalacaMda zAstrI, pR. 15 2 (a) plavA hyete adRDhA yajJarUpA, aSTAdazoktamavaraMyeSu karma / etacchreyo ye'bhinandanti mUDhA jarAmRtyuM te punarevApi yantiH / / muNDakopaniSada 1 / 2/7 (ba) zreyAndravyamayAdyajJAjjJAnayajJaH paraMtapa / sarvaM karmAkhilaM pArthajJAne parisamApyate / / 4 | 33 || gItA
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA hI sahagAmI rahe haiM, kintu jahA~ bauddha ekAntavAda kI samIkSA karake yA usameM doSoM kA udbhAvana karake saMtuSTa ho gae, vahIM jainoM ne una paraspara virodhI avadhAraNAoM ke madhya samanvaya karane kA bhI prayAsa kiyA hai| dArzanika - samIkSAoM ke kSetra meM jahA~ bauddha nakArAtmaka - bhASA kA hI prayoga karate rahe aura sabhI ekAntadRSTiyoM ko mithyA kahakara nakArate rahe, vahIM jainoM ne una dArzanika-matavAdoM ko ekAntarUpa se mithyA na kahakara unakI sApekSika - satyatA ko svIkAra karane kA prayatna bhI kiyaa| jaina- dArzanikoM ne apane granthoM meM apane yuga ke sabhI dArzanika-matavAdoM ko samAhita karake jahA~ eka ora unakI samIkSA kI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unameM nihita satyatA ko dekhane kA bhI prayatna kiyA hai aura sApekSika rUpa se unakI satyatA ko svIkAra bhI kiyA hai| jaina - dArzanika yazovijayajI bhI likhate haiM - bauddhAnAmRju - sUtratomatamabhUd vedAntinAM saMgrahAt, sAMkhyAnAM tat evaM naigamanayAd yogazca vaizeSikaH / zabda- brahma - vidoapi - zabda nayataH sarvairnayairgumphitA, jainIdRSTiritIha sArataratA pratyakSamudvIkSyate / / * arthAt, bauddhamata kA vikAsa RjusUtra -naya ke AdhAra para hotA hai, ataH, usa naya ke AdhAra para unake mata kI satyatA ko sApekSa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra, vedAnta - darzana kA AdhAra saMgraha naya hai aura usakI satyatA isI dRSTikoNa se rahI huI hai| apekSA- bheda se sAMkhya bhI naigamanaya kA sahArA lete haiM, kintu phira bhI ve saMgrahanaya ko mukhya AdhAra banAte hue apane mata ko prastuta karate haiN| naiyAyika aura vaizeSika - darzanoM kA AdhAra bhI naigamanaya hI hai, kintu ve vyavahAranaya kI upekSA nahIM karate haiN| isI prakAra, zabdanaya ke AdhAra para vaiyAkaraNa-darzana khar3A huA, kintu jaina- darzana kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha sabhI nayoM ko svIkAra karate hue prasaMgAnusAra sArabhUta tattva ko spaSTa kara detA hai / jaina- dArzanikoM ne anekAnta aura ahiMsA ke jina siddhAMtoM ko prastuta kiyA aura mAnava-mAnava ke bIca hI nahIM, samasta prANI-jagat ke bIca samatA kA jo zaMkhanAda kiyA, yaha unakI viziSTa dena hai| 3 'udadhRta - Agamayuga kA jaina-darzana, paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, pR. 292 15
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________________ 16 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bhAratIya-darzana aura usake kisI bhI pakSa kA adhyayana jaina dArzanikoM aura unake dArzanika-granthoM kI upekSA karake saMbhava nahIM hai| darzana ke kSetra meM unakA paraspara-virodhI matoM ke madhya samanvaya kA prayAsa mahatvapUrNa hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA kahanA hai ki 'cAhe dArzanika vivAdoM ke akhAr3e meM jaina-dArzanika bAda meM hI utare hoM, kintu eka samanvaya ke rUpa meM unhoMne paraspara virodhI mata vAloM ke bIca jo samanvaya kA prayatna kiyA hai, vaha adbhuta hai| vaidika aura bauddha-paramparA ke dArzanika-sAhitya kI apekSA jainoM kA dArzanika-sAhitya na to sAMkhyAdi-darzanoM kI apekSA se kama hai aura na hI apanI guNavattA meM kisI se pIche hai| 2. jaina-darzana ke vikAsa ke tIna yuga paM. sukhalAlajI ne jaina-darzana ke vikAsa ko nimna tIna yugoM meM bA~TA hai - (a) darzanoM ke sUtra-granthoM kA yuga (ba) anekAntasthApana-yuga (sa) nyaay-yug| paM. dalasukhalAlamAlavaNiyA ne jaina-dArzanika-sAhitya ko usake vikAsa kI apekSA se nimna cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai - Agama- yuga anekAntavyavasthA- yuga pramANavyavasthA-yuga da. nvynyaay-yug| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki paM. sukhalAlajI jise darzana-yuga kaha rahe haiM, use hI paM. dalasukhalAla mAlavaNiyA ne Agama-yuga kahA hai, kyoMki jaina-darzana kA prAdurbhAva Agama-yuga meM hI ho jAtA hai| paM. dalasukhabhAI kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne nyAya-yuga ke do vibhAga kie haiM - a. pramANavyavasthA-yuga 4 (a) jaina-dArzanika sAhitya kA siMhAvalokana, pR. 1 (ba) Agamayuga kA jaina darzana pR. 281
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA ba. nvynyaay-yug| isa prakAra, unakI dRSTi meM jaina-darzana ke vikAsa kA krama nimna cAra yugoM meM sampanna huA hai Agama-yuga - Agamayuga vaha kAla hai, jahA~ hama jaina-darzana kI mUlabhUta avadhAraNAoM ke bIja hI dekhate haiN| Agamayuga ko jaina-darzana kA prAraMbhika yuga bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| usa yuga meM darzana kI kyA sthiti thI, usakA vistRta vivecana paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne apane grantha "Agamayuga kA jaina-darzana" meM vistAra se kiyA hai| Agamayuga meM yA prAraMbhika darzanayuga meM mukhyataH tattva-mImAMsA aura AcAra-mImAMsA ko hI adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| anekAnta ke bIja cAhe Agama granthoM meM upasthita hoM, kintu usa yuga meM anekAntavAda kI sthApanA aura usake AdhAra para vibhinna darzanoM ke bIca samanvaya kA prayatna nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| yaha prayatna mUlataH dUsare anekAntasthApanayuga se hI prAraMbha hotA hai| Agamayuga kI kAlAvadhi IsA pUrva chaThavIM zatAbdI se lekara IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI taka eka vyApaka kAlakhaNDa ko apane meM samAhita karatI hai| __anekAntasthApana yuga - anekAntavyavasthA-yuga kA prAraMbha siddhasena ke sanmatitarka aura mallavAdi ke dvAdazAranayacakra se ho jAtA hai| lagabhaga isI kAla meM digambara-paraMparA meM AcArya samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA kI racanA kara anekAnta ke AdhAra para dArzanika-matavAdoM kI samIkSA kara unake samanvaya ke sUtra bhI khojane ke prayatna kie haiN| anekAnta-vyavasthAyuga kI mukhya vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki usa yuga meM anya-dArzanika ekAnta mAnyatAoM meM doSoM kA udabhavana kara eka ora unakI samIkSA kI gaI, vahIM dUsarI ora anekAnta-dRSTi se unameM nihita satyatA ko ujAgara karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa yuga meM dArzanika-samIkSAoM kA AdhAra bhI anekAnta-daSTi ko hI banAyA gayA hai, ataH, jahA~ eka ora ekAntavAdoM kI samIkSA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unameM nihita satya kA udghATana bhI kiyA gayA hai| anekAntavyavasthA-yuga kA prAraMbha IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI se lekara AThavIM zatAbdI ke madhya taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| AcArya haribhadra ke anekAntajayapatAkA, anekAntapraveza, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, syAdvAdakucodyaparihAra Adi isa yuga ke antima caraNa ke pramukha grantha mAne jA sakate haiN| haribhadra ke kAla taka yadyapi pramANa
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA saMbaMdhI kucha ullekha to milate haiM, kintu jainadarzanasammata pramANa-vyavasthA kA sunizcita svarUpa unake bAda upalabdha hotA hai| 3. pramANavyavasthA-yuga - dArzanika-samIkSAoM kI dRSTi se yaha yuga atyanta mahatvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi pramANa-carcA saMbaMdhI kucha sUtra jaina AgamoM meM upalabdha hote haiM, kintu vahA~ jaina-dArzanika mukhyataH naiyAyika-darzana se hI prabhAvita pratIta hote haiN| AgamoM meM paMcajJAna kI carcA to vistAra se hai, kintu pramANoM kI koI vizeSa carcA nahIM hai| pramANa-carcA kI apekSA se siddhasena divAkara kA nyAyAvatAra eka pramukha grantha hai| isameM battIsa zlokoM meM jaina pramANa-vyavasthA kI carcA kI gaI hai, kintu yaha grantha bhI mAtra prAraMbhika sthiti kA hI hai| pramANa saMbaMdhI viziSTa carcA akalaMka, vidyAnanda, anantavIrya, mANikyanandI, prabhAcandra, vAdidevasUri, siddharSi, hemacaMdra Adi ke granthoM meM hI milatI hai| isa yuga kI vizeSatA yahI hai ki isa yuga ke granthoM meM anya darzanoM ke dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA hI pramukha rUpa se kI jAtI hai| yaha yuga lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI se lekara lagabhaga pandrahavIMsolahavIM zatAbdI taka ke vyApaka kAla-khaNDa ko apane meM samAhita karatA hai| isa yuga meM jaina-paramparA meM aneka praur3ha dArzanika-granthoM kI racanA huii| hamArA samIkSya-grantha ratnAkarAvatArikA bhI isI kAlakhaNDa kA hai| 4. navyanyAya-yuga - yadyapi bhAratIya-darzana ke kSetra meM navyanyAya kA prAraMbha lagabhaga terahavIM zatAbdI se huaa| AcArya gaMgeza ne isa zailI kA vikAsa kiyA, kintu yazovijayajI ke pUrva taka kisI bhI jaina-dArzanika ne isa zailI kA AdhAra lekara apane granthoM kI racanA nahIM kii| lagabhaga satarahavIM zatAbdI meM vAcaka yazovijayajI ne kAzI meM adhyayana karake isa zailI ko samajhA aura phira navyanyAya kI zailI meM jaina-granthoM kI racanA prAraMbha kii| unhoMne isa zailI meM anekAnta-vyavasthA nAmaka grantha likhakara anekAntavAda kI punaH pratiSThA kI aura sAtha hI aSTasahasrI tathA zAstravArtAsamuccaya Adi para navIna zailI meM TIkA likhakara ina granthoM ko yugAnurUpa svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| jaina-tarkabhASA, nayapradIpa, nayarahasya Adi granthoM kI racanA bhI unhoMne usI zailI meM kii| inake pazcAt, digambara-paraMparA meM vimaladAsa kI saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI Adi bhI isI zailI meM likhI gii|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 3. jaina-darzana kI vikAsa yAtrA aura bauddha-dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA jaina-darzana kI vikAsa yAtrA Agamayuga se hI prAraMbha ho jAtI hai| prAcIna stara ke arddhamAgadhI AgamoM meM bhI bauddha-darzana kI mAnyatAoM aura usakI samIkSA ke kucha sUtra upalabdha hote haiN| yadyapi arddhamAgadhI AgamoM meM AcArAMgasUtra kA sthAna sarvaprathama AtA hai, kintu yaha grantha mukhya rUpa se jaina AcAra ke siddhAntoM aura niyamoM kI hI carcA karatA hai| mAtra isake prathama zrutaskaMdha ke prathama adhyAya ke prathama uddezaka meM AtmavAda, lokavAda, karmavAda aura kriyAvAda- ina cAra siddhAtoM kA nirdeza milatA hai, jo mukhya rUpa se punarjanma kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta karatA hai| cAhe AtmA ke svarUpa ko lekara jaina aura bauddha-darzana meM matabheda hoM, lekina punarjanma kI avadhAraNA to donoM hI darzanoM meM upalabdha hotI hai, ataH, isa graMtha meM bauddhadarzana kI samIkSA kI dRSTi se hameM koI saMketa nahIM milate haiM aura na usakI dArzanika-mAnyatAoM kA hI koI nirdeza hai| sarvaprathama bauddha-darzana kI mAnyatAoM kA nirdeza aura unakI sAmAnya samIkSA hameM sUtrakRtAMgasUtra meM milatI hai| isa grantha ke prathama adhyAya meM hI bauddhadarzana ke paMcaskaMdhavAda aura saMtativAda kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, kintu dArzanika-dRSTi se isa graMtha meM ina mAnyatAoM kI gahana samIkSA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai, mAtra itanA avazya kahA gayA hai ki yaha mata ucita nahIM hai| arddhamAgadhI Agama-sAhitya meM bauddha-darzana se saMbaMdhita eka anya ullekha hameM RSibhASitasUtra meM milatA hai, jahA~ vajjIyaputta (sAriputta) aura mahAkazyapa ke adhyAyoM meM bauddhadarzana ke paMcaskaMdhavAda aura saMtativAda ke nirdeza upalabdha ho jAte haiM, kintu yahA~ para usakI koI samIkSA upalabdha nahIM hotii| jaina dharma ke rAyapaseNIyasutta aura bauddha-darzana ke payAsIsutta meM AtmasattA yA cittasattA ke astitva ke poSaNa meM aneka tarka die gae haiN| donoM hI paraMparAoM ke granthoM meM ye tarka samAna rUpa se milate haiM, mAtra aMtara yaha hai ki jaina-paraMparA meM ise Atmasiddhi kA AdhAra batAyA gayA hai, vahIM bauddha-paramparA meM ina tarkoM dvArA citta kI sattA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai|' isake atirikta, arddhamAgadhI Agama-sAhitya ke kucha granthoM meM zAkyaputrIya 5 sUtrakRtAMga 1/1/1/17? 4 tattvArthasUtra 1/2-3 " isIbhAsiyAI - adhyAya 2 evaM 7 7 rAyapasenIya - parasikahANaka - 736-764
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA zramaNoM kA ullekha to milatA hai, kintu na to vahA~ unake maMtavyoM ko vistArapUrvaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai, na hI unakI koI samIkSA kI gaI hai| jahA~ taka Agamayuga ke jainanyAya kA prazna hai, usameM hetu yA vyavasAya ke rUpa meM pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama aura upamAna- aise cAra pramANoM kI carcA milatI hai, kiMtu unameM mAtra inakA nAma ullekha milatA hai aura aisA lagatA hai ki isa pramANa-carcA kA avataraNa nyAya-darzana ke AdhAra para hI kiyA gayA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya yaha hai ki bauddha-tripiTakasAhitya meM bhI naiyAyikoM dvArA mAnya ina pramANoM kI hI carcA milatI hai| isameM yaha siddha hotA hai ki prAraMbhika yuga meM jaina aura bauddha-dArzanika naiyAyikoM ke pramANavAda ko hI svIkAra kara rahe the| isa saMbaMdha meM jaina-paraMparA ke AgamagraMthoM evaM bauddha-paraMparA ke tripiTaka-sAhitya meM koI vizeSa carcA bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| tattvArthasUtra ke kAla taka bhI jaina-paraMparA meM paMcajJAnoM ko bhI pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, ataH, svataMtra rUpa se pramANa-carcA aura usakI samIkSA ke koI saMdarbha tattvArthasUtra meM bhI nahIM milate haiN| prAcIna stara ke arddhamAgadhI granthoM meM mAtra bauddhoM ke paMcaskaMdhavAda aura saMtativAda kA hI ullekha huA hai| saMtativAda, kSaNikavAda yA kSaNabhaMgavAda kA hI tArkika-prastutikaraNa hai| isa yuga meM jaina aura bauddha-maMtavyoM meM tattvamImAMsIya dRSTi se yadi koI aMtara dekhA jA sakatA hai, to vaha mAtra itanA hI hai ki jahA~ bauddha-darzana tattva ko utpAda-vyayAtmaka mAna rahA thA, vahIM jaina tattva ko utpAda, vyaya evaM dhrauvyAtmaka mAna rahA thaa| yathArtha meM bauddha-dArzanika mantavyoM kI samIkSA jaina-dArzanika-granthoM meM aura jaina-nyAya saMbaMdhI granthoM meM hI milatI hai| anekAntasthApana-yuga kA prAraMbha mukhyataH siddhasenadivAkara ke sanmatitarkaprakaraNa se aura jainanyAya kA prAraMbha siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra-sUtra se hotA hai| isake pazcAt, mallavAdi ke dvAdazAranayacakra, samantabhadra kI Apta-mImAMsA Adi grantha Ate haiM, jinameM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| tattvArthasUtra kI sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika, zlokavArtika Adi TIkAoM meM bauddhadarzana kI vistRta samIkSA nahIM hai| akalaMka ke laghIyastraya evaM nyAyavinizcaya, vidyAnaMda kI aSTasahasrI, vAdIrAjasUrikRta nyAyavinizcayanirNaya, prabhAcaMdrakRta prameyakamalamArtaNDa, vAdidevasUrikRta pramANanayatattvAloka, hemacaMdra kI anyayogavyavacchedikA evaM pramANamImAMsA, 8 tattvArthasUtra 1/2-3
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA malliSeNakRta syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA, guNaratnakRta SaTdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA Adi granthoM meM hameM bauddhadarzana kI mAnyatAoM kI vistRta samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jaina-granthoM meM bauddha-dArzanika-mAnyatAoM kA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastutikaraNa aura jaina-dRSTi se unakI samIkSA mukhyatayA anekAntasthApana-yuga aura pramANa-vyavasthA-yuga se hI milane lagatI hai| agrima paMktiyoM meM hama anekAntasthApana aura pramANavyavasthA-yuga ke pUrva nirdezita kucha granthoM ko AdhAra banAkara yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki unameM bauddha-dArzanika-mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kisa rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai ? 1. siddhasenakRta sanmatitarka aura nyAyAvatAra meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA - siddhasenadivAkara ko anekAntavAda kI sthApanA aura jaina-pramANacarcA kA Adya dArzanika mAnA jA sakatA hai| inhoMne apane grantha sanmatitarkaprakaraNa, nyAyAvatAra aura kucha dvAtriMzikAoM meM bauddha-maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI hai| jahA~ taka sanmatitarka kA prazna hai, jaisA ki hama jAnate haiM, yaha grantha anekAntavAda kI sthApanA se saMbaMdhita hai| isa graMtha meM yadyapi spaSTa rUpa se bauddhoM kA nAma lekara kisI maMtavya kI samIkSA nahIM kI gaI hai, kintu sat ke svarUpa-lakSaNa ko lekara bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA upalabdha ho jAtI hai| jahA~ bauddha-darzana sat ko mAtra utpAda-vyayAtmaka mAnatA hai aura isa prakAra, se use kSaNika siddha karatA hai, vahA~ jaina-dArzanika yA vizeSa rUpa se siddhasenadivAkara dhauvyatA ke lakSaNa ko jor3akara sat ko nityAnitya yA pariNAmI-nityarUpa meM sthApita karate haiM, jabaki bauddhadarzana sat ko mAtra pariNAmI hI mAnatA hai| siddhasena ne sanmatitarka meM sAmAnya rUpa se to sabhI ekAnta-dRSTiyoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai, kintu sanmatitarka ke tRtIya kAMDa kI pacAsavIM gAthA meM "sakkolayA' ke rUpa meM spaSTa rUpa se bauddhadarzana evaM vaizeSika darzana kI samIkSA prastuta kI hai| yadyapi isa samIkSA meM ve satkAryavAda ko mAnane vAle sAMkhyoM dvArA bauddha aura vaizeSika ke asat-kAryavAda kI samIkSA meM jo doSa udbhAvita kie gae haiM, unheM satya kahakara bauddha evaM nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke asatkAryavAda kI samIkSA karate haiN| yadyapi isa prasaMga meM unhoMne sAMkhyoM ke satkAryavAda aura bauddha tathA vaizeSikoM ke asatakAryavAda- donoM ko hI ekAntavAda batAkara unakI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA samIkSA kI aura jaina - darzana ke anekAnta - dRSTi se yukta sat-asat kAryavAda kI siddhi kI hai / 22 siddhasena ke dUsare grantha - nyAyAvatAra kI mUla - kArikAoM meM bauddhoM kI mAnyatAoM ko lekara koI samIkSA to nahIM kI gaI hai, kintu pramANa ko svapara-vyavasAyAtmaka mAnakara yaha kahA gayA hai ki pramANa yA jJAna svayaM ko aura apane viSaya ko, arthAt padArtha ko - donoM ko jAnatA hai / isa prakAra, se, isa grantha meM bauddha - vijJAnavAda se jaina-darzana kI bhinnatA ko spaSTa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai| nyAyAvatAra ke TIkAkAra siddharSi ne yahA~ vistAra se 'pramANa kevala apane ko hI jAnatA hai- bauddhoM ke isa mata kI vistAra se samIkSA kI hai|" isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki siddhasena ke kAla taka bauddha - vijJAnavAda astitva meM A gayA thA, yadyapi yahA~ yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhane yogya hai ki siddhasena ne bauddhoM ke samAna hI pramANa ko jJAna ke karaNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra na karake pramANa ko jJAnarUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM bhI paMcajJAnoM ko pramANa mAnA gayA hai / " isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki pramANa- jJAnAtmaka hotA hai- isa bAta ko lekara jaina aura bauddha - dArzanika ekamata the / ve indriyArtha sannikarSa ko yA indriya-vRtti ko pramANarUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kara rahe the| isa prakAra, nyAyAvatArasUtra kI prathama tAlikA se hI yaha siddha ho jAtA hai ki siddhasena pramANa - lakSaNa kI carcA meM pramANa kI jJAnarUpatA ko lekara bauddhoM se sahamati vyakta karate haiM, kintu pramANa - lakSaNa ko lekara bauddhoM se unakA matabheda bhI hai, kyoMki jahA~ bauddha-vijJAnavAda pramANa kA viSaya kevala sva ko hI mAnatA hai, vahA~ jaina- dArzanika siddhasena pramANa kA viSaya sva aura para- donoM ko hI, arthAt jJAna aura padArtha- donoM ko hI mAna rahe haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki siddhasena pramANa - lakSaNa meM anadhigata- artha ko bodhaka yA apUrva lakSaNa nahIM mAnate haiM / 12 isI prakAra, hetu - lakSaNa bauddha - dArzanikoM meM spaSTa matabheda ko lekara bhI siddhasena aura dekhA jAtA hai / jahA~ jaina- dArzanika anyathAnupapatti ko ekamAtra hetu kA lakSaNa mAna rahe the, vahIM bauddha - dArzanika 9 sanmatitarka 3/50-52 10 nyAyAvatAra, kArikA 1 kI siddharSi kI TIkA 11 tattvArthasUtra 1 / 9-10 12 nyAyAvatAra, kArikA 1
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 23 hetu ke trilakSaNa mAna rahe the| isa prakAra, donoM ke maMtavyoM meM matabheda thaa| yadyapi nyAyAvatAra meM mUla-kArikAoM meM siddhasena ne bauddhoM kA spaSTa nAma lekara koI khaNDana nahIM kiyA hai, kintu unakI sthApanAe~ itanA to avazya hI siddha karatI haiM ki nyAya ke kSetra meM unakA kucha bAtoM ko lekara bauddhoM se matabheda thaa| siddhasenadivAkara ne bauddhoM kA spaSTa rUpa se khaMDana apanI dvAtriMzikAoM meM kiyA hai| Age hama isI para kucha prakAza DAlane kA prayatna kareMge - siddhasena kI prathama aura dvitIya-dvAtriMzikA meM mukhya rUpa se jaina-tattva-jJAna aura jaina AcAra kA varNana hai, kintu inameM brahmA, mahezvara (ziva) aura puruSottama (viSNu)- ina tIna nAmoM ko vastutaH jaina-tIrthakara meM ghaTita hone kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yahI bAta hameM bauddha-grantha saddharmapuNDarIka meM bhI upalabdha hotI hai| bauddha-vidvAnoM ne isa grantha meM buddha ko brahmA, viSNu, mahezvara evaM svayaMbhU- ina nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA hai| tIsarI battIsI se lekara sAtavIM battIsI taka kI battIsiyA~ battIsI-paMcaka ke nAma se jAnI jAtI haiN| inameM chaThavIM battIsI meM bauddhasammata buddha (sugata) ke Aptatva kA unake maMtavyoM meM virodha dikhAkara khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| sAtavIM battIsI mukhya rUpa se aupaniSadika-mAnyatAoM ko prastuta karatI hai| isI prakAra, nauvIM vedavAda nAmaka battIsI meM siddhasena ne vaidika-mAnyatAoM kA prastutikaraNa kiyA hai| battIsiyoM ke isa krama meM bArahavIM battIsI meM nyAyadarzana kA, terahavIM battIsI meM sAMkhyadarzana kA, caudahavIM battIsI meM vaizeSika darzana kA aura pandrahavIM battIsI meM bauddhadarzana ke zUnyavAda Adi kA varNana kara usakI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki siddhasena kI battIsiyoM meM pandrahavIM battIsI bauddhadarzana aura usakI zAkhAoM kI samIkSA se saMbaMdhita hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki siddhasena ke kAla taka bauddha-paraMparA meM vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kA vikAsa ho cukA thA aura siddhasena ne inakI samIkSA bhI prastuta kI thii| paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne nyAyAvatAravArttikavRtti ke siMdhI sirIz2a se prakAzita saMskaraNa meM 'nyAyAvatAra kI tulanA' zIrSaka ke antargata prathama-pariziSTa meM nyAyAvatAra kI aneka bauddha-mantavyoM ke sAtha vistRta evaM mArmika tulanA kI hai| usa tulanA para yadi hama gambhIra rUpa se vicAra 13 pramANavArttika, 3/14 (jaina-darzana - (mahendra.) pR 242)
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA karate haiM, to siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra kA diGnAga ke pramANa granthoM ke sAtha Antarika saMbaMdha vidita hue binA nahIM rhtaa| siddhasena-divAkara ne 'bAdhavivarjitam' jo lakSaNa diyA hai, vaha lakSaNa bhI bauddhoM ke samarUpa hI 2. mallavAdi-kRta dvAdazAra-nayatraka aura bauddha-dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA - anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI dRSTi se mallavAdi kA dvAdazAranayacakra eka mahatvapUrNa grantha mAnA jAtA hai| durbhAgya se isa grantha kI TIkA to upalabdha ho rahI thI, kintu mUla grantha kA adhikAMza aMza prAyaH lupta hI thaa| yaha muni zrI jaMbuvijayajI ke athaka prayatnoM aura puruSArtha kA hI pariNAma hai ki unhoMne bhoTabhASA meM upalabdha bauddha-nyAya ke granthoM aura unakI TIkAoM kA AdhAra lekara isa grantha kA punaruddhAra kiyaa| yaha grantha bAraha AroM yA vibhAgoM meM baMTA huA hai| isameM kramazaH bhinna-bhinna dArzanika-matoM kI unake virodhI matoM se samIkSA karavAkara anekAMtadRSTi kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| isa graMtha meM bauddha-mata kI samIkSA nimna rUpa meM upalabdha hotI hai - dvAdazAranayacakra meM sAtaveM ara(Are) meM vaizeSika darzana kI mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana RjusUtranaya kA Azraya lekara bauddha-dRSTikoNa se kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki RjusUtranaya mukhya rUpa se bauddha-dArzanika-dRSTi se saMbaMdhita hai| isa prakAra, sAtavA~ ara vaizeSikoM ke khaMDana ke sAtha bauddhoM ke mata kI sthApanA bhI karatA hai| isa ara ke aMta meM bauddhoM ke apohavAda kI sthApanA bhI kI gaI hai, phira, dvAdazAranayacakra meM mallavAdi ne AThaveM ara meM bauddhoM ke apohavAda kI samIkSA karate hue bhartRhari ke vyAkaraNa-darzana ke zabdAdvaitavAda kI sthApanA kI hai, yadyapi isI ara ke aMta meM bhartRhari aura unake guru vasurAta kA bhI khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| phira, apohavAda ke viruddha sthApanAnikSepa ke AdhAra para jAtivAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai aura isI krama meM sAmAnya-ekAnta aura vizeSa-ekAnta- donoM matoM kI samIkSA karate hue avaktavyavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| avaktavyavAda ekAntadRSTi kA khaNDana karane vAlA hone ke 14 nyAyAvatAra, kArikA 1 dvAdazAranayacakra, dvitIya vibhAga, ara 7. pR. 547 16 dvAdazAranayacakra, dvitIya vibhAga, ara 8. pR. 581
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 25 kAraNa kisI sImA taka bauddhoM ko bhI mAnya rahA hai, kintu dvAdazAranayacakra meM ina sAmAnya-ekAnta aura vizeSa-ekAnta kA khaNDana kara kisI apekSA se anekAntadRSTi kI sthApanA karane kA prayatna bhI kiyA hai, kintu mallavAdi ne isa avaktavyavAda ke vipakSa meM samabhirUr3hanaya kA Azraya lekara bauddhoM kI usa dRSTi kA poSaNa kiyA hai, jo yaha mAnatI hai ki dravya vastutaH guNa-paryAyarUpa hai, anya kucha nahIM hai| yaha bAta bauddha-mAnyatA ke milinda-prazna se bhI siddha hotI hai| isI prasaMga meM guNa samabhirUr3ha ke vidhi Adi bAraha bheda bhI kie gae haiN| cU~ki samabhirUr3hanaya kA maMtavya guNa-utpatti se thA, ataH, mallavAdi ne gyArahaveM ara meM bhUtanaya kA AdhAra lekara yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki vastu mAtra kSaNika hai| isa prasaMga meM bauddhasammata nirhetuka vinAzavAda kI sthApanA kara vastu kI kSaNikatA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai aura bauddhoM ke samAna hI pradIpazikhA ke dRSTAMta se usa kSaNikatA kA samarthana bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, dvAdazAranayacakra kA gyArahavAM ara punaH bauddha-kSaNikavAda kA samarthana karatA huA pratIta hotA hai, ataH, dvAdazAranayacakra ke bArahaveM ara meM kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA kI gaI hai aura kSaNikavAda ke viruddha sthitivAda kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| cUMki sthitivAda ke viruddha kSaNikavAda khar3A huA hai, ataH, use utpatti aura sthiti, kucha na kahakara zUnyavAda kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| isa prakAra,. bArahaveM ara meM nAgArjuna ke zUnyavAda kA utthAna hai| jJAtavya hai ki nAgArjuna ke zUnyavAda ke viruddha vijJAnavAdI-bauddhoM ne apanA pakSa rakhakara vijJAnavAda kI sthApanA kI thii| isa prakAra, isa ara meM zUnyavAda evaM vijJAnavAda kA khaMDana karake yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki vAdoM kA yaha cakra calatA hI rahatA hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki mallavAdi kA dvAdazAra kA nayacakra bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, apohavAda, vijJAnavAda, zUnyavAda Adi dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA prastuta karatA hai| yadyapi yahA~ yaha samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki dvAdazAranayacakra meM bauddhoM ke jina maMtavyoM kI samIkSA hai, ve vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda ke prAraMbhika granthoM para hI AdhArita haiN| paravartI bauddha-dArzanikoM dvArA apane pakSa ke samarthana meM jo tarka die gae haiM, unakI samagra samIkSA to hameM ratnAkarAvatArikA jaise paravartI praur3ha-granthoM meM hI milatI hai| 3. tattvArtha-sUtra kI TIkAoM meM bauddhadana kI samIkSA - __ umAsvAtikRta tattvArthasUtra (lagabhaga IsA kI tIsarI zatAbdI) eka aisA grantha hai, jise jaina dharma kI sabhI paraMparAoM meM mAnyatA prApta hai| yaha
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________________ 26 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA grantha sUtra-yuga kA prathama jaina-grantha hai aura saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| yaha grantha dasa adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM paMcajJAnoM, cAra nikSepoM, sapta nayoM aura ATha anuyogadvAroM kI carcA hai| dvitIya adhyAya mukhyataH jIva ke upayoga-lakSaNa kI aura jIva prakAroM kI carcA karatA hai| tIsarA aura cauthA adhyAya kramazaH svarga aura naraka saMbaMdhI jaina-avadhAraNAoM ko prastuta karatA hai| pA~caveM adhyAya meM mukhya rUpa se ajIva tattva kI tathA sat ke svarUpa kI carcA upalabdha hotI hai| isake pazcAt, adhyAya chaha se lekara dasa taka kramazaH Azrava, saMvara, baMdha, nirjarA aura mokSa-tattvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mUlasUtroM kI apekSA to isameM hameM kahIM bhI bauddhadarzana kI mAnyatAoM aura unakI samIkSAoM kA nirdeza upalabdha nahIM hotA hai| mAtra, paMcama adhyayana meM sat ke svarUpa kI jo vyAkhyA hai, vaha bauddha-paraMparA se apanI spaSTa bhinnatA ko lakSita karatI hai, kintu kAlAntara meM lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI se lekara isa para zvetAmbara aura digambara-paraMparAoM meM jo TIkAeM likhI gaI, unameM hameM spaSTa rUpa se bauddha-maMtavyoM kI samIkSA upalabdha ho jAtI hai| tattvArthasUtra kI TIkAoM meM pUjyapAda-devanaMdI kI savArthasiddhi, siddhasenagaNi kI tattvArthavRtti, akalaMka kA tattvArtharAjavArtika, vidyAnaMda kA tattvArthazlokavArttika Adi prasiddha aura pramukha haiN| ina TIkAoM meM prasaMgAnusAra kahIM-kahIM anya maMtavyoM kI samIkSA upalabdha ho jAtI hai, phira bhI tattvArtha kI TIkAoM meM prAyaH bauddhadarzana yA anya darzanoM kI samIkSA kA abhAva hI dekhA jAtA hai| ina TIkAoM meM kahIM bhI bauddhadarzana yA anya darzanoM kI vistRta samIkSA nahIM milatI hai, jaisI ki isI kAlakhaNDa ke anya dArzanika-granthoM meM milatI hai| mUlataH, ye TIkAeM jaina-dArzanika-mAnyatAoM ke prastutikaraNa taka hI sImita haiN| 4. samantabhadra kI Apta-mImAMsA aura bauddha-dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kI dRSTi se digambara--paraMparA ke AcAryoM meM samantabhadra kA nAma sarvopari hai| inhoMne apane grantha Apta-mImAMsA meM bauddha-maMtavyoM kI vistAra se samIkSA prastuta kI hai| inhoMne Apta-mImAMsA ke atirikta yuktyAnuzAsana, jIvasiddhi, svayaMbhUstotra, stutividyA, tattvAnuzAsana Adi granthoM kI racanA kI thI, yadyapi vartamAna meM jIvasiddhi aura tattvAnuzAsana anupalabdha haiN| ratnakaraNDakazrAvakAcAra ke inake kartRtva ke saMdarbha meM bhI aneka praznacihna khar3e kie gae haiN| eka mAnyatA aisI bhI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 17 19 hai ki inhoMne tattvArthasUtra para gandhahastI mahAbhASya bhI likhA thA, yadyapi yaha graMtha bhI Aja anupalabdha hai / ataH, samantabhadra kI racanAoM meM Apta-mImAMsA hI eka aisA grantha hai, jo Aja upalabdha bhI hai aura usake kartRtva ke sambandha meM koI vivAda bhI nahIM hai / Apta-mImAMsA meM abhAvekAMta kI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai| mUlakArikA meM AcArya ne yadyapi spaSTa rUpa se bauddhoM kA koI nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai, kintu isakI TIkA meM jJAnAdvaitavAdI, arthAt vijJAnavAdI tathA zUnyavAdI bauddhoM kI samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai| 7 isake eka zloka kI TIkA meM vijJAnavAdI - bauddhoM ke vijJAnAdvaita evaM zUnyavAdI - bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda tathA nairAtmyavAda kI bhI samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai| 18 isake atirikta, TIkA meM bauddhadarzana ke ekAnta - avAcyatA ke siddhAnta kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai| " isa prakAra, Apta-mImAMsA kI mUla kArikA meM cAhe sAmAnya rUpa se abhAva ekAMta ko prastuta kara usakI samIkSA kI gaI hai, kintu Apta-mImAMsA kI TIkAoM meM ina kArikAoM kA AdhAra lekara TIkAkAroM ne bauddhoM ke aneka siddhAntoM kI samIkSA kara dI hai / yahA~ taka ki isameM bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa - pratyakSa yA 'kalpanA apor3ha jJAnaM pratyakSam kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai| 2 aisA lagatA hai ki mUla granthakAra ke samakSa to mAtra bauddhoM ke vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda ke siddhAnta hI the, kintu kAlAMtara meM TIkAkAroM ne Apta-mImAMsA kI dasavIM se lekara bArahavIM kArikA taka ke zlokoM ko AdhAra banAkara bauddha - maMtavyoM kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai| isI prakAra, Apta-mImAMsA kI sAtavIM kArikA mukhya rUpa se vijJAnAdvaita aura zUnyAdvaita kI samIkSA kA avasara pradAna kara detI hai| Apta-mImAMsA kI kArikA ikatIsa meM bauddhoM kI isa mAnyatA kI bhI samIkSA mila jAtI hai ki zabda kevala sAmAnya ko hI viSaya karate haiM, vizeSa yA svalakSaNa ko vAcya nahIM banA sakate / isa AdhAra ko lekara bauddhoM ke apohavAda kI samIkSA bhI Apta-mImAMsA kI TIkAoM meM upalabdha ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra, Apta-mImAMsA kI kArikA teMtAlIsa meM kSaNika - ekAntavAda aura santAnavAda kI sAmAnya samIkSA bhI upalabdha hotI hai / " isI prakAra, kArikA ikyAvana meM bhI bauddhoM ke nairAtmyavAda aura 21 17 dekheM - AptamImAMsA, samantabhadra, kArikA 7 18 AptamImAMsA, kArikA 3 TIkA, pR. 46, kArikA 69 19 AptamImAMsA, kArikA 70 TIkA 20 AptamImAMsA, kArikA 70 21 AptamImAMsA, kArikA 43 27
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai| 2 yadyapi mUla kArikAoM meM AcArya samantabhadra ne spaSTa rUpa se bauddhoM kA nAma nahIM liyA hai, kintu unake aneka maMtavyoM ko ekAntavAda kI koTi meM rakhakara unakI sAmAnya rUpa se samIkSA kI gaI hai, jaise tihattaravIM kArikA meM pratyakSa kI nirvikalpatA, saMtAnakAritA meM avAcya-ekAnta Adi kI samIkSA kI hai| jaisA ki hama jAnate haiM, Apta-mImAMsA mUlata: anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kA prayatna karatA hai, kintu anekAntavAda kI sthApanA ke isa prayatna meM vaha vibhinna ekAntavAdoM kI samIkSA karatA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki ekAntavAda ke rUpa meM Apta-mImAMsA meM aneka bauddha-maMtavyoM kI saMkSipta evaM sAmAnya samIkSA upalabdha ho jAtI hai, kintu yaha bAta vicAraNIya hai ki kyA bauddhadarzana mUlataH ekAntavAdI hai ? paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA kA spaSTa rUpa se yaha kathana hai ki ekAntavAda ke khaMDana meM bauddha aura jaina-donoM hI sahamati rakhate the| bauddhoM aura jainoM meM mUla aMtara isa bAta ko lekara hai ki bauddhoM ne ekAntavAda ko niSedha mukha se svIkAra kiyA, jabaki jainoM ne una ekAntavAdoM kI samIkSA karate hue apanI anekAnta-dRSTi se unheM samanvita karane kA prayatna bhI kiyaa| Apta-mImAMsA meM samantabhadra ne bauddhoM ke jina-jina maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI hai, unheM ekAnta mAnakara hI kI hai| Apta-mImAMsA kI TIkAoM meM akalaMka kI aSTazatI aura vidyAnaMda kI aSTasahasrI prasiddha hai| ina granthoM meM bauddha-darzana kI mAnyatAoM kI vistRta samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai| aSTazatI aura aSTasahasrI meM tArkika rUpa se bauddhadarzana ke nairAtmyavAda, saMtativAda, kSaNikavAda, vijJAnAdvaitavAda, zUnyAdvaitavAda, ekAntaavaktavyatA evaM pramANazAstrIya kucha mAnyatAoM, jaisepratyakSa kI nirvikalpatA, pramANa evaM pramANaphala kA advaita Adi kI vistRta samIkSA upalabdha ho jAtI hai, kintu mere zodha kA viSaya ratnAkarAvatArikA hone se aSTazatI aura aSTasahasrI meM kisa rUpa meM bauddha-maMtavyoM kI samIkSA hai, isakI vistRta carcA ko yahA~ viSayAntara hI mAnA jaaegaa| maiMne yahA~ saMketa mAtra kara diyA hai, jisase yaha jJAta ho sakegA ki ratnAkarAvatArikA kI racanA ke pUrva bhI jaina-dArzanika, bauddha-maMtavyoM kI samIkSA karate rahe haiM aura hameM yaha mAnane meM bhI koI Apatti nahIM hai ki AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhadarzana kI apanI samIkSA meM jaina-pUrvAcAryoM ke tarkoM kA pUrA lAbha uThAyA hai| 22 AptamImAMsA, kArikA 51
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 29 5. haribhadrakRta dArzanika-granthoM meM bauddhadarzana - jaina-dArzanika-sAhitya kI vikAsa yAtrA meM haribhadra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| haribhadra ke kAla taka bauddha-darzana bhI apanI pUrNa vikasita avasthA meM A cukA thaa| haribhadra kA kAla paMraparAgata-dRSTi se chaThavIM zatAbdI aura vidvAnoM kI dRSTi se AThavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya haribhadra ke saMdarbha meM yaha kathA prasiddha hai ki inhoMne apane do ziSyoM ko bauddha-darzana ke adhyayana ke lie bhejA thA, sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki, ve jaina haiM- aisA jJAta hone para una donoM ziSyoM kI hatyA kara dI gii| pariNAmasvarUpa, haribhadra kA mana Akroza se bhara gayA, phira bhI eka jaina-AcArya ke rUpa meM unhoMne pratihiMsA kA mArga na apanAkara apane granthoM ke mAdhyama se bauddhadarzana kI samIkSA ko mahatva diyaa| AcArya haribhadra ke darzana saMbaMdhI granthoM meM SaDdarzanasamuccaya aura zAstravArtAsamuccaya- aise do Adarza grantha haiN| SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI mUla kArikAoM meM unhoMne bauddhamata ko atyanta zAlInatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyA hai, usameM kahIM bhI khaMDana-maMDana kA bhAva nahIM hai| yaha haribhadra kI samadarzI dRSTi kA hI paricAyaka hai| saMbhavataH, darzana-saMgrAhaka graMthoM meM apanI prAmANikatA kI apekSA se haribhadra kA SaDdarzanasamuccaya eka pramukha graMtha hai| isa graMtha meM bauddha-darzana ke sAmAnya siddhAntoM ke sAtha-sAtha vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kA bhI prastutikaraNa upalabdha hotA hai| SaDdarzanasamuccaya ke pazcAt haribhadra ke granthoM meM zAstravArtAsamuccaya kA sthAna AtA hai| yadyapi zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, saMtativAda, vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kA prastutikaraNa evaM unakI mRdu samIkSA bhI upalabdha hotI hai, kintu isa graMtha meM bhI haribhadra kA dRSTikoNa atyanta udAra rahA hai| unhoMne buddha ke prati vinaya bhAva prakaTa karate hue spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha kahA hai ki sugata ne apane ziSyoM kI yogyatA ke AdhAra para hI ina vibhinna vAdoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA meM spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki sAMsArika-padArthoM ke prati Asakti kA prAhANa (samApta) karane ke lie hI buddha ne anAtmavAda aura kSaNikavAda jaise siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki haribhadra kA bauddha-darzana ke siddhAntoM kA prastutikaraNa aura unakI samIkSA-donoM hI eka udAra dRSTikoNa ke paricAyaka haiN| haribhadra ke darzana saMbaMdhI anya graMthoM meM anekAntajayapatAkA, anekAntapraveza, anekAntapraghaTa, syAdvAdakucodya-parihAra Adi grantha bhI prasiddha haiN| ina granthoM meM bhI hameM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA upalabdha ho jAtI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA hai| haribhadra ke prAyaH samakAlika mallavAdi nAma ke eka anya jaina AcArya bhI hue haiN| jJAtavya hai ki ye mallavAdi dvAdazAranayacakra ke kartA mallavAdi se bhinna haiN| inhoMne dharmakIrti ke nyAya-bindu para tathA dharmottara kI usakI TIkA para TippaNaka likhe the| AcArya zrI mahAprajJa ne jaina-nyAya ke vikAsa nAmaka grantha ke pariziSTa kramAMka tIna meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai aura inakA kAla 700 se 750 mAnA hai, kintu mujhe lagatA hai ki ye mallavAdi isase bhI paravartI honA cAhie, kyoMki dharmottara lagabhaga nauvIM sadI ke pUrva nahIM haiN| merI dRSTi meM dharmottara kA jaina paraMparA meM khaMDana ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bhI milatA hai, jo lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI kA grantha hai| 6. akalaMka ke jaina-darzana saMbaMdhI grantha aura unameM bauddhadArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA - AcArya akalaMkadeva digambara-paraMparA ke jaina-dArzanika-AcAryoM meM eka pratibhAsaMpanna AcArya mAne jAte haiN| tattvArthasUtra kI unakI rAjavArtika nAmaka TIkA saprasiddha hai| isake atirikta, unhoMne laghIyastrayI (svavRtti sahita), nyAyavinizcaya, pramANasaMgraha, siddhivinizcaya tathA Apta-mImAMsA kI TIkArUpa aSTazatI nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kI thii| inake saMbaMdha meM bhI yaha pravAda pracalita hai ki akalaMka apane bhAI niSkalaMka ke sAtha bauddha-tarkazAstra kA abhyAsa karane ke lie bauddha-maTha meM rahane lage the| vahIM inake jaina hone kA patA calane para niSkalaMka to mAre gae the, kintu akalaMka kisI prakAra baca nikle| kathAnakoM se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki inhoMne aneka bAra bauddha-AcAryoM se vAda-vivAda kiyA thaa| yaha bhI suspaSTa hai ki akalaMka ke pUrva taka jaina-paraMparA meM nyAyAvatAra hI ekamAtra jaina-nyAya kA grantha mAnA jAtA hai, kintu akalaMka ne jaina-nyAya ke aneka granthoM kI racanA kara use vyavasthita svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| vartamAna meM jaina-nyAya meM pratyakSa, smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka (Uha), anumAna aura Agama yA zabdapramANa- aise jo chaha pramANa mAne jAte haiM, ve AcArya akalaMka kI hI dena haiN| zvetAmbara--paMraparA meM haribhadra taka ina chaha pramANoM kI carcA anupalabdha hai| sarvaprathama siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra kI TIkA meM hI siddharSi ne ina chaha pramANoM kI carcA kI hai| siddharSi kA kAla nauvIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki akalaMka ke kAla taka bauddha-nyAya susthApita ho cukA thaa| phalataH, akalaMka ne jaina-nyAya ko suvyavasthita 23 jainanyAya kA vikAsa (zrI mahAprajJa). pR. 154
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA karane meM kahIM bauddha-pakSa ko svIkAra kiyA aura kahIM usakA niSedha aura khaMDana bhI kiyaa| pramANa kI paribhASA ke saMdarbha meM unhoMne siddhasena ke vAda vivarjita zabda ke sthAna para aSTazatI meM eka navIna paribhASA dI, jisameM pramANa ke lie avisaMvAdI tathA anadhigata artha arthAt apUrva artha- ina do vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyaa| jJAtavya hai ki pramANa ko avisaMvAdI aura apUrva artha kA pratipAdaka mAnane kI paraMparA bauddhoM kI thii| bauddha-nyAya meM spaSTa rUpa se pramANa-lakSaNa ke avisaMvAdI tathA anadhigata artha adhigama- aise vizeSaNa milate haiN| akalaMka ne unhIM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| aSTazatI meM 'pramANavisaMvAdIjJAnamanaadhigatamarthalakSaNatvA' kahakara pramANa kI jo yaha paribhASA dI hai, vaha spaSTa rUpa se bauddhoM ke pramANa-lakSaNa kA anusaraNa karatI huI pratIta hotI hai, sAtha hI akalaMka ne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki bauddhoM ke dvArA smRti ke prAmANya kA jo khaMDana kiyA gayA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai| isa prakAra, eka ora akalaMka ke granthoM para bauddha-nyAya kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai, to dUsarI ora unhoMne bauddha-nyAya kI aneka mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA bhI kI hai| pramANa-lakSaNa, pramANa ke prakAra aura prameya ko lekara jaina aura bauddha-paraMparA meM jo aMtara rahA hai, vaha yahA~ vizeSa rUpa se jJAtavya hai| sarvaprathama, jahA~ bauddhoM ne pramANa ko jJAnarUpa mAnA thA, vahIM jainoM ne bhI pramANa ko jJAnarUpa meM hI svIkAra kiyA hai| jaina-dArzanika bauddhoM ke samAna hI naiyAyikoM ke indriya-sannikarSa aura sAMkhya ke indriya-vRtti Adi ko pramANa nahIM mAnate rahe haiN| dUsare, bauddha-paraMparA meM pramANa ke lie avisaMvAdI nAmaka lakSaNa kahA gayA hai, use siddhasena ne to vAda-vivarjita kahakara svIkAra kiyA thA, kintu akalaMka ne use bauddhoM ke samAna avisaMvAdI kahakara hI svIkAra kiyaa| yadyapi pramANa anadhikRta artha kA yA apUrva artha kA bodhaka hai, yaha bAta siddhasena ne nyAyAvatAra meM svIkAra nahIM kI thI, kintu bAda meM bauddhoM ke prabhAva se akalaMka ne aura unake pazcAt mANikyanaMdI ne apUrva vizeSaNa dekara use bhI svIkAra kara liyA thA, kintu bAda meM jaina-dArzanikoM ne isa apUrva vizeSaNa ko Avazyaka nahIM samajhA aura usakI samIkSA bhI kii| yahA~ taka ki hemacandra ne to 'samyak-jJAna-pramANam' kahakara pramANa kI eka naI paribhASA prastuta kara dii| ataH, yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pramANa-lakSaNa ke saMdarbha meM prAraMbha meM jainoM para bauddhoM kA prabhAva AyA, kintu bAda meM unhoMne use Avazyaka nahIM smjhaa| jaina aura bauddha-donoM hI pramANa ke prakAroM ke saMdarbha meM usake do
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA hI prakAra mAnate haiM, kintu jahA~ jaina-dArzanika use pratyakSa aura parokSa nAma dete haiM, vahIM bauddha-dArzanika pratyakSa aura anumAna- aise do pramANa mAnate haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jainoM meM parokSa ke aMtargata anumAna ke sAtha-sAtha smRti, pratyabhijJAna, Uha (taka) aura Agama ko bhI pramANa mAnA thA, jinheM bauddhoM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| isI prakAra, prameya ko lekara bhI jaina-darzana kA bauddhoM se matabheda rahA hai| bauddha svalakSaNa (vizeSa) aura anyApoha (sAmAnya)- aise do prameya mAnate haiM, kintu jaina-dArzanika vastu ko sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka mAnakara do prameyoM kI bAta nahIM karate haiN| isI prakAra, jahA~ bauddhoM ne sAmAnya ko pratyakSa kA prameya mAnA thA aura vizeSa ko anumAna kA prameya mAnA thA, vahIM jaina-dArzanikoM ne vastu ko sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka kahakara donoM ko hI prameya maanaa| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ bauddha-dArzanika pratyakSa-pramANa ko nirvikalpa tathA sAmAnya rUpa mAnate haiM, vahIM jaina-dArzanika usa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko darzana ke aMtargata rakhate haiM aura use artha kA nizcAyaka nahIM hone se pramANa bhI nahIM mAnate haiN| isI prakAra, pramANa-vyavasthA ke saMdarbha meM hetu-lakSaNa kI carcA ke prasaMga meM jahA~ jaina-dArzanika anyathAnupapatti nAmaka eka hI hetu kA lakSaNa svIkAra karate haiM, vahIM bauddha-dArzanika hetu ko trilakSaNAtmaka mAnate haiN| jaina-dArzanika pAtrakesarI ne 'trilakSaNa-kadarthana' nAmaka grantha likhakara hetu ke trilakSaNa kI avadhAraNA kA khaNDana kiyA thaa| 7. vidyAnaMdI ke jaina-darzana saMbaMdhI granthoM meM bauddha-maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jaina-tArkikoM meM vidyAnaMdI kA sthAna bhI mahatvapUrNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| vidyAnaMdI ne tattvArthasUtra kI zlokavArttika nAmaka TIkA meM tathA Apta-mImAMsA kI aSTasahasrI nAmaka TIkA meM bauddha-maMtavyoM kI dArzanika dRSTi se gahana samIkSA kI hai, jisakA nirdeza hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| prastuta prasaMga meM unake eka anya graMtha 'AptaparIkSA' kI carcA karanA caahuuNgii| yadyapi AptaparIkSA eka laghukAya graMtha hai, isameM mAtra 124 zloka haiM, kintu isa para vidyAnaMdI ne svayaM bhI vistRta TIkA likhI hai| AptaparIkSA kA mukhya viSaya darzanoM ke praNetAoM ke siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para kapila, sugata arthAt buddha evaM parama puruSa arthAt Izvara yA brahma ke Aptatva kI samIkSA kI gaI hai tathA arhata ke Aptatva kI siddhi kI gaI hai| isa grantha meM 24 jainadarzana, DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina, pR. 436
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA Izvara ke Aptatva evaM kapila ke Aptatva kI samIkSA ke uparAMta kArikA kramAMka caurAsI meM sugata ke Aptatva kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| AcArya vidyAnaMdI ne isameM bauddhoM ke vijJAnAdvaita kI vizeSa rUpa se samIkSA prastuta kI hai| isake atirikta jaisA hama pUrva meM nirdeza kara cuke haiM, vidyAnaMdI ne aSTasahasrI meM bhI bauddhoM kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai| 8. vAdirAjasUri evaM unakA nyAyavinizcaya-vivaraNa - digambara-paraMparA ke jaina AcAryoM meM jaina-nyAya ke samartha lekhakoM meM vAdirAjasUri bhI pramukha haiN| jJAtavya hai ki vAdirAja kA zvetAmbara AcArya vAdidevasUri se siddhasena kI sabhA meM vAda huA thaa| isa AdhAra para inakA kAla vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga mAnA jA sakatA hai| vAdirAja ne pArzvanAtha caritra kI racanA zaka-saMvat 947 meM kI thI, tadanusAra ve vikrama saMvat 1081 meM jIvita the| vAdirAja kA siddharAja ke pUrva cAlukya nareza jayasiMhadeva kI rAjasabhA meM bar3A sammAna thaa| yaha jJAtavya hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA ke racayitA ratnaprabhasUri ke guru zvetAmbara AcArya vAdidevasari digambara AcArya vAdirAjasUri ke samakAlIna hI the, sAtha hI donoM jaina-nyAya ke udbhaTa vidvAn bhI the| vAdirAjasUri ne akalaMka ke 'nyAyavinizcaya para eka vistRta vivaraNa likhA thaa| unakI yaha vizeSatA hai ki ve akalaMka ke eka-eka zloka ke cAra-pA~ca artha bhI sarala rUpa se nikAla lete the| vAdirAja kA 'nyAyavinizcaya-vivaraNa bIsa hajAra zloka-parimANa hai| bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA kI dRSTi se isameM sarvAdhika samIkSA dharmakIrti ke pramANavArttika aura prajJAkara-gupta ke pramANavArttikAlaMkAra kI hai| vAdirAja ke nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ke atirikta unakA jaina-nyAya kA pramANa-nirNaya bhI milatA hai| yaha eka laghukAya aura svataMtra racanA hai| isameM cAra pariccheda haiM- 1. pramANalakSaNa-nirNaya, 2. pratyakSa-nirNaya, 3. parokSa pramANa-nirNaya aura 4. aagm-nirnny| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki vAdirAja ne apane isa grantha ko akalaMka ke pramANavArtika ke AdhAra para hI banAyA thA, ataH, tadanusAra hI unhoMne mUla meM tIna pramANoM kI carcA karake anumAna ke bheda ke rUpa meM smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| yadyapi hamArI dRSTi meM ye tInoM anumAna se bhinna haiM, kyoMki anumAna jisa vyApti-saMbaMdha ke AdhAra para khar3A hotA hai, usakI sthApanA to ina tInoM pramANoM dvArA hI hotI hai|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA 9. prabhAcaMdrakRta prameyakamalamArtaNDa meM bauddhadarzana kI samIkSA - jaina-darzana ke praur3ha-granthoM meM prabhAcaMda kA prameyakamalamArtaNDa eka pramukha grantha hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa mUlataH prameya ke svarUpa ko lekara carcA karatA hai, kintu isa graMtha meM prameya ke saMdarbha meM, arthAt jJAna ke viSaya ke saMdarbha meM bauddhoM kI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| isa grantha meM mukhya rUpa se bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, zUnyavAda, anyAapohavAda tathA vijJAnavAdaina sabhI matoM kI samIkSA upalabdha ho jAtI hai| jaisA ki hamane prAraMbha meM kahA hai, yaha graMtha jaina-darzana kA praur3ha graMtha hai, ataH, mUla graMtha meM hI bauddhoM ke pUrva-pakSa ke pratipAdana ke sAtha usakI vistRta samIkSA isa graMtha meM upalabdha thI Apta-mImAMsA kI TIkAoM ke atirikta yadi kisI graMtha meM bauddhadarzana kI vistRta samIkSA upalabdha hai, to unameM prameyakamalamArtaNDa kA nAma pramukha rUpa se liyA jA sakatA hai| isa graMtha kA racanAkAla lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatAbdI hai, isalie isameM bauddhadarzana aura bauddha-nyAya ke saMdarbha meM dharmakIrti aura dharmottara arcaTa Adi ke matoM kI vistRta carcA upalabdha hotI 10. hemacaMdrakRta anyayogavyavacchedikA tathA pramANa-mImAMsA meM bauddha-matoM kI samIkSA - AcArya hemacaMdra jainadharma-darzana ke zvetAmbara-paraMparA meM hae pramukha vidvAnoM meM gine jAte haiN| inakA kAla lagabhaga IsA kI bArahavIM zatAbdI hai| vaise to hemacaMdra ne prAkRta aura saMskRta-vyAkaraNa ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa rUpa se likhA hai, kiMtu darzana ke kSetra meM unake do grantha mukhya haiM - 1. anyayogavyavacchedikA aura 2. prmaannmiimaaNsaa| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ anyayogavyavacchedikA mUlataH eka saMkSipta graMtha hai| isameM mAtra 32 kArikAyeM haiM, kiMtu saMkSipta graMtha hote hue bhI isameM bauddhadarzana ke ekAnta kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda, zUnyavAda Adi kI saMkSipta kiMtu gaMbhIra samIkSA kI gaI hai| anyayogavyavacchedikA meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA meM kahA gayA hai ki yadi vastu yA sattA kSaNika hai, to phira usameM kRtapraNAza, akRta-bhoga, smRti-bhaMga, bhava-bhaMga aura mokSa-bhaMga- aise pA~ca doSa batAe gae haiN| malliSeNa ne syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA meM ina pA~ca doSoM para vistAra se TIkA likhI hai| hemacaMdra kI pramANamImAMsA jaina-nyAya kA eka pramukha graMtha haiN| yadyapi hemacaMdra isa graMtha ko aura usakI svopajJa TIkA ko pUrNa nahIM kara sake,
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 35 phira bhI isameM pramANa-svarUpa tathA pratyakSa aura anumAna-pramANa kI vistRta carcA upalabdha hotI hai| hemacaMdra ne pramANa kI paribhASA dete hue 'samyaka jJAnaM pramANaM kahakara yadyapi bauddhoM ke samAna hI jJAna ko hI pramANa rUpa mAnA hai, kiMtu unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki bauddhoM kA pratyakSa nirvikalpa hone se nizcAyaka nahIM hotA, ataH, vaha pramANarUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai| dUsare, jJAna binA jJeya saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH, bauddhoM kA vijJAnavAda hI eka samucita siddhAMta nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| anumAna-pramANa kI carcA ke prasaMga meM unhoMne bauddhoM ke vilakSaNa hetu kA bhI khaMDana kiyA hai| isa prakAra, hemacaMdra ke ina donoM granthoM meM hameM bauddhadarzana kI samIkSA upalabdha ho jAtI hai| hemacaMdra ke ye donoM grantha ratnAkarAvatArikA ke samakAlika haiM, phira bhI hemacandra ne ratnAkarAvatArikA kA kahIM anusaraNa kiyA ho- aisA spaSTa rUpa se jJAta nahIM hotA hai| 11. malliSeNakRta syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA meM bauddhadarzana kI samIkSA jaisA ki hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM ki AcArya hemacaMdrakRta anyayogavyavacchedikA nAmaka dvAtriMzikA meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda, zUnyavAda evaM pramANa aura pramANaphala kI ekAtmakatA Adi kI samAlocanA upalabdha hotI hai| malliSeNa ne isI anyayogavyavacchedikA ke Upara syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| yadyapi syAdvAdamaMjarI mUlataH to eka TIkA graMtha hai, kintu jaina-paraMparA meM isakI mahattA eka svataMtra graMtha se kama nahIM mAnI jAtI hai| AcArya malliSeNa ne anyayogavyavacchedikA meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda, zUnyavAda Adi jina-jina dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kI thI, unhIM para pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa- donoM ko prastuta karate hue vistRta samIkSA likhI hai| isameM bauddhoM ke mUla granthoM ke aneka sandarbha bhI die gae haiM aura bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ke nAma kA bhI ullekha hai| yaha TIkA hI syAdvAdamaMjarI ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| cUMki anyayogavyavacchedikA meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA kI gaI hai aura usake viruddha pA~ca hetu prastuta kie gae haiM, jinakA ullekha hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiM, ataH, malliSeNa ne inhIM pA~ca doSoM ko lekara bauddhadarzana ke kSaNikavAda aura saMtativAda kI samIkSA prastuta kI hai| bauddha-dArzanika kSaNikavAda para Ane vAle doSoM ke nirAkaraNa ke rUpa meM saMtativAda ko prastuta karate haiM, ataH, malliSeNa ke lie yaha Avazyaka thA ki ve kSaNikavAda ke sAtha-sAtha saMtativAda kI bhI samAlocanA prastuta kreN| isI
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________________ 36 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA prakAra, malliSeNa ne syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA-graMtha meM na kevala bauddha-darzana ke kSaNikavAda aura usake AnuSAMgika saMtativAda kI samIkSA kI hai, apitu usake vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kI bhI samIkSA kI hai| yadyapi yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki bauddhoM kA kSaNikavAda ekAnta-kSaNikavAda nahIM hai, jaisA ki use mAna liyA gyaa| yaha satya hai ki bauddhoM ne vastu kI parivartanazIlatA ke siddhAMta ko adhika bala diyA hai, unakA kSaNabhaMgavAda kevala vastu kI pratikSaNa hone vAlI parivartanazIlatA ko dyotita karatA hai, vAstavikatA yaha hai ki cAhe ekAnta-kSaNikavAda ho yA ekAnta-dhrauvyavAdadonoM meM hI kahIM na kahIM dUSaNa to AtA hI hai| ekAnta-nityavAda meM bhI saMsAra ke baMdhana aura mukti kI avadhAraNAeM siddha nahIM hotI, isalie bauddha-darzana meM sattA kI parivartanazIlatA ko svIkAra karake baMdhana aura nirvANa ko siddha karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai tathA saMtativAda ke mAdhyama se pUrvajanma kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta bhI kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI, malliSeNa ne yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki yadi AtmA nAmaka koI nitya tattva nahIM hogA, to phira punarjanma kisakA mAnA jAegA aura isI prasaMga meM malliSeNa ne anAtmavAda kI bhI samIkSA kii| isa prakAra, malliSeNa kI syAdvAdamaMjarI meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, saMtativAda aura anAtmavAda ke sAtha-sAtha vijJAnavAda, zUnyavAda, sAmAnya kAlpanikatA Adi siddhAMtoM kI samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai| isa TIkA graMtha meM aneka sthAnoM para ratnAkarAvatArikA kA anusaraNa dekhA jAtA hai| anyayogavyavacchedikA ke zloka kramAMka 16 se 19 taka cAra zlokoM meM bauddhoM ke maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI gaI thii| syAdvAdamaMjarI ke inhIM cAra zlokoM kI TIkA meM ati vistAra se bauddhamata ke prAyaH sabhI pramukha pakSoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| 12. guNaratnakRta SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA meM bauddhadarzana kI samIkSA AcArya haribhadra ke SaDdarzanasamuccaya nAmaka mUla grantha meM bauddha-darzana ke kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda, zUnyavAda Adi siddhAMtoM kI samIkSA upalabdha thI, kintu haribhadra kI samIkSA atyanta hI udAravAdI thii| unhoMne bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda- ina tInoM pakSoM kI samAdarabhAva ke sAtha samIkSA kI thI aura yaha batAyA thA ki bhagavAna buddha ne ziSyoM kI yogyatA aura tRSNA-prAhANa kI AvazyakatA- ina do AdhAroM para ina vividha siddhAntoM ko prastuta kiyA thaa| isa prakAra, unhoMne bauddha-darzana ke ina siddhAntoM kI kaTu samIkSA dvArA mAtra yaha dikhAne kA
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 37 prayatna kiyA thA, inameM kyA kaThinAiyA~ AtI haiM ? kintu unake isa grantha para guNaratna ne jo vistRta TIkA likhI thI, usa TIkA meM sAmAnya rUpa se bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, anAtmavAda, vijJAnavAda, zUnyavAda, pramANa-siddhAMta Adi sabhI pakSoM kI vistRta samIkSA prastuta kI thii| isa samIkSA meM guNaratna ne bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kA pratipAdana nyAyapUrNa DhaMga se kiyA hai, kintu samIkSA ke kSetra meM ve mUla graMthakAra ke samAna udAravAdI nahIM rhe| unhoMne bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, saMtativAda ko ekAnta-kSaNikavAda ke rUpa meM tathA anAtmavAda ko Atma-niSedhavAda ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai| isI prakAra, vijJAna ko bAhyArtha-niSedhavAda ke rUpa meM aura kSaNikavAda ko sarvocchavAda ke rUpa meM gRhIta kiyA hai| yadyapi yaha dRSTikoNa bauddha-darzana ke sAtha pUrNa nyAya nahIM karatA hai, phira bhI TIkAkAra kA mukhya lakSya to anya darzanoM kI samIkSA karake jaina-darzana kI mAnyatAoM ko puSTa karanA thA aura isI dRSTikoNa ko lekara guNaratna ne SaDdarzanasamuccaya para apanI vistRta TIkA likhI thii| upasaMhAra - isa prakAra, isa prathama adhyAya meM maiMne sarvaprathama jaina-nyAya kI vikAsa-yAtrA ke vibhinna caraNoM kI carcA karate hue yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki Agamayuga, jo jaina-nyAya ke vikAsa kA prathama caraNa thA, meM sUtrakRtAMga meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda, paMcaskandhavAda Adi prArambhika siddhAntoM kI hI carcA milatI hai, unameM na to bauddhoM ke pramANazAstra kI koI carcA hai aura na bauddhoM ke vijJAnavAda kI hI koI carcA hai| RSibhASita meM bauddhoM ke tIna RSiyoM yathA- vajjIputta, sAtiputta aura mahAkazyapa se sambandhita tIna adhyAyoM meM bhI bauddhoM ke saMtativAda ke atirikta kisI vizeSa dArzanika-mata kI carcA nahIM hai| sUtrakRtAMga bauddhoM ko sukhavAdI aura karma ke mAtra mAnasika-pakSa para bala dene vAlA batAtA hai; kintu usake dArzanika-matoM kI vizeSa samIkSA bhI isa grantha meM nahIM hai| bauddha-tattvamImAMsA aura jJAnamImAMsA kI vizeSa carcA hameM anekAMtasthApanA-yuga aura pramANa-vyavasthA-yuga se milane lagatI hai| ina yugoM meM bauddhoM ke vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kI vistRta samIkSA to milatI hI hai, sAtha hI bauddha-pramANazAstra sambandhI mAnyatAoM kI bhI vistRta samIkSA milatI hai| isa yuga ke jaina-dArzanikoM, yathA- siddhasena, samaMtabhadra, mallavAdI, jinabhadra, haribhadra, siddharSi, akalaMka, vidyAnandI, prabhAcanda, hemacandra, ratnaprabha, malliSeNa Adi ne bauddha-mantavyoM kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai| Age, ratnaprabhakRta ratnAkarAvatArikA ko AdhAra banAkara hamane bauddhoM ke
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________________ 38 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAnamImAMsA sambandhI ina vibhinna maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 39 adhyAya 2 ratnAkarAvatArikA aura usake kartA ratnaprabhasUri : eka paricaya 1. jaina-darzana evaM nyAya ke granthoM meM ratnAkarAvatArikA kA sthAna - prathama adhyAya meM hamane yaha dekhA thA ki jaina-darzana evaM jaina-nyAya kI vikAsa yAtrA Agamayuga se prAraMbha hokara anekAntasthApana-yuga tathA nyAya evaM tarka-granthoM ke racanA-yuga se kramazaH Age bar3hate hue navyanyAya-yuga meM apanI pUrNatA prApta karatI hai| isa vikAsa yAtrA ke kAlakrama meM hama yaha dekhate haiM ki Agamayuga meM bauddhadarzana kI mAnyatAoM ke sambandha meM vizeSa rUpa se kSaNikavAda, saMtativAda aura anAtmavAda ke nirdeza to upalabdha ho jAte haiM, kintu unakI vistRta carcA arddhamAgadhI AgamoM meM upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| anekAntasthApana-yuga meM bauddha-darzana ko aura vizeSa rUpa se usake kSaNikavAda ko ekAnta pakSa batAkara usakI samIkSA kI gaI hai| AcArya haribhadra ke kAla taka bhI bauddha-darzana kI mAnyatAoM kI gambhIra evaM vistRta samIkSA ati mukhara nahIM ho pAyI thii| bauddha-darzana kI evaM anya-dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA kA praur3ha svarUpa hameM nyAya evaM tarka-yuga se hI prApta hotA hai| isa yuga kA prAraMbha lagabhaga IsvI san kI AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI se hotA hai aura lagabhaga bArahavIM, terahavIM zatAbdI taka yaha apane praur3ha svarUpa ko grahaNa kara letA hai| haribhadra, akalaMka, vidyAnaMdI, vAdirAjasUri, vAdidevasUri, prabhAcaMdra, ratnaprabha, hemacaMdra, malliSeNa, guNaratna Adi jaina-AcAryoM ke granthoM meM anya-dArzanika-matoM kI gahana samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai| jaina-nyAya evaM tarka ke praur3ha graMtha isI kAlakhaNDa meM likhe gae haiN| isa AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki ratnAkarAvatArikA bhI jaina-darzana aura anya-dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA saMbaMdhI praur3ha-granthoM ke racanA-yuga kI hI eka racanA hai| aSTasahasrI, nyAyavinizcaya, prameyakamalamArtaNDa, pramANanayatattvAloka, syAdvAdaratnAkara aura
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________________ 40 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA usakI svopajJa-TIkA Adi sabhI praur3ha-grantha isI kAla kI racanAeM haiN| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kI samIkSya kRti ratnAkarAvatArikA bhI isI kAlakhaNDa meM nirmita huI hai| AcArya ratnaprabhasari ne apanI isI kRti kI racanA meM jahA~ eka ora apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM kI hI kRtiyoM kA bharapUra upayoga kiyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unake paravartI jainAcArya jaise- malliSeNa, guNaratna Adi unakI isa kRti se prabhAvita hI rahe haiN| ratnAkarAvatArikA mUlataH to vAdidevasUrikRta pramANanayatattvAloka kI eka TIkA hai| isa graMtha meM pramANanayatattvAloka ke sUtroM ke AdhAra para anya dArzanika-matoM kI praur3ha samIkSA kI gaI hai| yaha satya hai ki pramANanayatattvAloka mUlataH jaina-nyAya kA eka sUtragraMtha hai| isameM hameM jaina-nyAya kA lagabhaga gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka kA vikasita svarUpa dekhane ko milatA hai, kintu mUla graMtha meM anya matoM kI samIkSA kA prayatna na hokara mAtra svamata, arthAta jaina-mata ke prastutikaraNa kA hI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki pramANanayatattvAloka para vAdidevasUri ne svayaM hI svopajJa-TIkA ke rUpa meM syAdvAdaratnAkara jaise vizAla evaM praur3ha TIkA-graMtha kI racanA kI thI, kintu yaha graMtha vidyAnaMdI kI aSTasahasrI, prabhAcaMdra ke prameyakamalamArtaNDa, kumudacandra ke nyAyakumudacandra Adi jaina-darzana ke praur3ha graMthoM ke samAna hI atyanta jaTila thaa| AcArya ratnaprabha cU~ki vAdidevasari ke hI ziSya the, ataH, unhoMne apane guru kI kRti "syAdvAdaratnAkara' ko vidvata yogya banAne kI dRSTi se isa ratnAkarAvatArikA kI racanA kii| unhoMne isa grantha kI racanA syAdvAdaratnAkara rUpa mahAsamudra meM praveza karane hetu eka naukA ke rUpa meM kI hai| yadyapi yaha graMtha syAdvAdaratnAkara, prameyakamalamArtaNDa yA aSTasahasrI jaisA ati jaTila to nahIM hai, kintu yaha ati sarala bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| AcArya ratnaprabha ne bhASA, viSaya-pratipAdana aura samIkSA-tInoM hI dRSTi se madhyama-mArga apanAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| yadyapi unakI dRSTi meM yaha graMtha syAdvAdaratnAkara kI apekSA sarala aura subodha hai, kintu yaha itanA sarala aura subodha nahIM hai, jitanA unhoMne samajhA thaa| ratnAkarAvatArikA jaina-darzana evaM jaina-nyAya kA eka utkRSTa koTi kA graMtha hai, ataH, hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina-darzana evaM jaina-nyAya ke granthoM meM ratnAkarAvatArikA eka praur3ha graMtha hai| isameM lagabhaga dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka ke prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya-dArzanika-matoM kA pUrva-pakSa ke rUpa meM prastutikaraNa evaM uttara-pakSa ke rUpa meM unakI praur3ha samIkSA upalabdha ho
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jAtI hai / yadyapi ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabha ne apane guru ke svopajJa TIkA- graMtha syAdvAdaratnAkara ko AdhAra banAyA hai, kintu unhoMne isakI bhASA aura prastutikaraNa kI zailI meM jisa spaSTatA evaM saralatA ko grahaNa kiyA hai, usakA pariNAma yaha huA ki kAlAMtara meM loga syAdvAdaratnAkara ko bhUlakara ratnAkarAvatArikA ko hI prAthamikatA dene lage / digambara - paraMparA meM jaina-darzana ke praur3ha-granthoM meM jo sthAna aSTasahasrI, prameyakamalamArttaNDa, nyAyavinizcaya Adi kA hai, vahI sthAna zvetAmbara - paraMparA meM syAdvAdaratnAkara, ratnAkarAvatArikA Adi kA mAnA jA sakatA hai / yadyapi ratnaprabha ke pazcAt zvetAmbara - paraMparA meM malliSeNa kI syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA aura guNaratna kI SaDdarzanasamuccaya nAmaka TIkA- graMtha upalabdha hote haiM, kintu yadi hama gambhIratA se ina graMthoM kA adhyayana karake dekheM, to prathamataH to guNaratna kI SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA aura malliSeNa kI syAdvAdamaMjarI meM aneka aMza prAyaH samAna hI haiN| punaH, ina donoM granthoM meM bhI anya dArzanika matoM ke darzana aura nyAya saMbaMdhI sabhI pakSoM kA samAveza bhI pUrNataH nahIM huA hai| isa dRSTi se yadi kahA jAe, to jaina- darzana evaM jaina - nyAya ke gaMthoM meM ratnAkarAvatArikA kA eka mahatvapUrNa sthAna siddha hotA hai| isake paravartIkAla meM, yahA~ taka ki jaina- darzana meM navyanyAya ke pravarttaka yazovijaya jI ke kAla taka bhI aisA koI jaina - nyAya yA jaina-darzana kA praur3ha graMtha hamArI dRSTi meM nahIM hai| yadyapi akalaMka ke laghIyastraya, nyAyavinizcaya, vidyAnaMdI kI aSTasahasrI tathA svayaM vAdidevasUri kA syAdvAdaratnAkara jaise praur3ha graMtha rahe haiM, kintu unakI jaTilatA aura durbodhatA ko dekhate hue yaha kahanA par3egA ki ratnAkarAvatArikA jaina- nyAya aura jaina- darzana kA eka upayogI graMtha hai| vaha na to ati jaTila hai aura na hI ati sarala / 2. ratnAkarAvatArikA ke karttA aura unakA kAla 25 25 1 jaisA ki hama pUrva meM nirdeza kara cuke haiM, ratnAkarAvatArikA ke karttA ratnaprabhasUri haiN| unhoMne isa graMtha kI antima prazasti meM apanA aura apane guru vAdidevasUri kA paricaya diyA hai / yadyapi graMtha meM vistRta paricaya to nahIM milatA, kintu usase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ye vAdidevasUri ke ziSya the, sAtha hI vAdidevasUri kI prazaMsA meM inhoMne jo zloka die haiM, usameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA hai- "digambaroM ke siddhAntarUpI lakar3iyoM ke (ba) dekheM- ratnAkarAvatArikA kI antima prazasti 41
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA iMdhana se vRddhi ko prApta agni ke samakSa siddharAjarUpI purohita dvArA vijayazrI kA varaNa karane vAle, arthAt unakA khaMDana karane vAle aura 'striyoM ko avazya hI nirvANapada prApta hotA hai isa bAta ko siddha karake mahArAjA siddharAja kI sabhA meM vijayalakSmI ko prApta karane vAle vAdidevasUri jayavaMta hoN|" isa zloka se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vAdidevasUri zvetAMbara-paraMparA meM hue the aura ve siddharAja jayasiMha ke samakAlIna the| cU~ki ratnaprabha vAdideva-sUri ke hastadIkSita ziSya the, ataH, unase laghuvayaska hote hue bhI samakAlIna to mAne hI jA sakate haiN| isase yaha bhI siddha ho jAtA hai ki inakA kAla siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjyakAla ke samAna hI IsA kI gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI kA rahA hai| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki siddharAja jayasiMha kI sabhA meM AcArya hemacaMdra kA bahuta mAna thA, ataH, ratnaprabhasUri AcArya hemacaMdra ke bhI samakAlIna rahe haiN| isa graMtha kI prazasti ke AdhAra para inakI guru-paMraparA, sampradAya aura inakA kAlatInoM hI suspaSTa ho jAte haiN| isameM kisI prakAra kI bhrAMti nahIM rahatI hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, inhoMne apane graMtha ratnAkarAvatArikA ke parimANa kA bhI ullekha isa graMtha prazasti meM kara diyA hai| graMtha-prazasti meM ratnAkarAvatArikA meM pA~ca hajAra zloka-parimANa batAyA gayA hai, ataH, ratnAkarAvatArikA ke kartA, unakI paraMparA, kAla aura graMtha-parimANa, ye saba graMtha-prazasti se spaSTa ho jAte haiM, phira bhI yaha graMtha-prazasti mAtra pA~ca zlokoM meM varNita hai, isalie isameM ratnaprabhasUri ke gRhastha-jIvana, unakI kRtiyoM Adi kA vistRta vivecana upalabdha nahIM hai| isa saMbaMdha meM hameM anya srotoM se jo sUcanAeM milI haiM, unake AdhAra para hama agrima paMktiyoM meM vistArapUrvaka carcA karanA caaheNge| jahA~ taka ratnaprabhasUri ke pUrva gRhI-jIvana kA prazna hai, anya srotoM se bhI hameM isa saMbaMdha meM koI vizeSa sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM kahA hai, ve vAdidevasari ke hastadIkSita ziSya the| vAdidevasari zvetAMbara--paraMparA ke AcArya the, yaha bAta pUrva meM hI hama ratnAkarAvatArikA kI antima graMtha-prazasti meM batA cuke haiN| graMtha-prazasti meM yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki vAdidevasUri na kevala jaina-darzana ke udbhaTa vidvAn the, apitu ve vyAkaraNadarzana, nyAyadarzana, bauddhadarzana Adi anya darzanoM ke bhI jAnakAra the| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne apane graMtha pramANanayatattvAloka kI svopajJa-TIkA meM lagabhaga sabhI bhAratIya-darzana kI samIkSA prastuta kI hai| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri aise hI vidvadvarya AcArya ke ziSya the aura unake mahAn
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA grantha syAdvAdaratnAkara kI racanA meM unake sahayogI bhI rahe the| yaha bAta svayaM vAdidevasUri ne svIkAra kI hai / ratnAkarAvatArikA ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki aise vidvAn guru ke sAnnidhya meM hI ratnaprabha kI zikSA-dIkSA huI hogii| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM anya darzanoM kI jo vistRta samIkSA upalabdha hotI hai, usase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ratnaprabha ne bhI sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika - paraMparAoM kA adhyayana kiyA hogA, ataH, yaha spaSTa hai ki ratnaprabha apane yuvAvasthA ke prAraMbha meM hI dIkSita ho gae hoNge| vibhinna dArzanika-paraMparAoM ke mUla graMthoM ke adhyayana kA jo avasara unheM milA, vaha yahI sUcita karatA hai ki ve apane yuvAkAla meM hI dIkSita hue hoMge aura sabhI bhAratIya - darzanoM ke pAraMgata vidvAn guru vAdidevasUri se hI samasta zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA hogA, ataH unakI zikSA-dIkSA vAdidevasUri ke sAnnidhya meM hI huI, yaha nizcita rUpa se mAnA jA sakatA hai| cU~ki vAdidevasUri ne siddharAja kI sabhA meM hI digambara - AcAryoM se vAda kiyA thA, ataH, ratnaprabha bhI unhIM ke laghuvayaska samakAlIna mAne jA sakate haiN| siddharAja jayasiMha kA zAsanakAla IsvI san 1094 se IsvI san 1143 taka rahA hai| yaha saMbhava hai ki unhoMne ratnAkarAvatArikA kI racanA usake pazcAt apanI paripakva avasthA meM hI kI hogii| cUMki graMtha-prazasti meM hI unhoMne spaSTa rUpa se yaha likhA hai ki maine ratnAkarAvatArikA kI racanA syAdvAdaratnAkara jaise jJAna ke mahAsAgara meM praveza karane ke lie eka naukA ke rUpa meM kI hai, ataH, ratnAkarAvatArikA kA racanAkAla syAdvAdaratnAkara ke paccIsa-tIsa varSa bAda kA hI hogaa| yaha spaSTa hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA kA racanAkAla syAdvAdaratnAkara se 26 26 pramANe ca prameye ca, bAlAnAM buddhi siddhaye / kiMcid vacana cAturyacApalAyeyamAdadhe / / 1 / / nyAyamArgAdatikrAntaM, kiMcitramatibhramAt / yaduktaM tArkikaiH zodhyaM tat kurvANaiH kRpAM mayi / / 2 || AzAvAsaH samaya samidhAM saMcayaizcIyamAne, strI nirvANocita zuci vacazcAturIcitrabhAnau prAjApatyaM prathayati tathA siddharAje jayazrIH, yasyodvAhaM vyadhita sa sadA nandatAd devasUriH / / 3 / / prajJAtaH padavedibhiH sphuTadRzA saMbhAvistArkikaH, kurvANaH pramadAd mahAkavikathAM siddhAntamArgAdhvagaH / durvAdyaMGkuzadevasUricaraNAmbhojadvayISaTpadaH, zrIratnaprabhasUriralpataradhIretAM vyadhAd vRttikAm / / 4 / / vRttiH paMcasahastrANi, yeneyaM paripaThyate / bhAratI bhAratI cAsya, prasarpanti prajalpataH | 15 || ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga3, antima prazasti 43
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________________ 44 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA paravartI hai| AcArya vAdidevasUri ne sarvaprathama pramANanayatattvAloka kI racanA kI aura usake pazcAt hI usI kI svopajJa-TIkA ke rUpa meM syAdvAdaratnAkara jaise vizAla graMtha kI racanA kI thii| yaha unakI vRddhAvasthA kI racanA hogI, jisameM unhoMne ratnaprabha kA sahayoga bhI liyA thaa| isase yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki ratnaprabhasUri kI yaha racanA bhI unakI praur3ha avasthA kI hI pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki prAraMbhika avasthA meM aisI praur3ha racanA kara pAnA sambhava nahIM hai| yadyapi graMtha-prazasti meM ratnaprabha ne kahIM bhI graMtha ke racanAkAla kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai, phira bhI itanA avazya mAnA jA sakatA hai ki isa graMtha kI racanA lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM hI kI hogii| graMtha-prazasti ke aMta meM ratnaprabhasUri ne apanI vinamratA ko pradarzita karate hue yaha kahA hai ki isa graMtha kI racanA meM yadi unhoMne matibhrama ke vazIbhUta hokara nyAyamArga kA atikrama kiyA ho, to tArkikoM se yaha nivedana hai ki ve una para kRpA karake Avazyaka saMzodhana kara deN| isase unakI vidvattA aura vinamratA- donoM hI guNoM kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA kI racanA ke samaya unake guru vAdidevasUri kA svargavAsa ho cukA thA, anyathA ve unase saMzodhana karavAkara kRti ko nirdoSa banA sakate the| sAmAnyataH, yaha hamArA durbhAgya hI hai ki bhArata meM prAyaH prabuddha vyakti apane saMbaMdha meM adhika kucha nahIM kahate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki hameM bhI ratnAkarAvatArikA jaise gaMbhIra graMtha ke racayitA ratnaprabhasUri ke gRhastha-jIvana evaM zikSA-dIkSA ke saMdarbha meM vizeSa kucha jJAta nahIM hotA hai aura yahA~ isI saMkSipta paricaya ke sAtha virAma lenA par3a rahA hai| 3. ratnAkarAvatArikA ke kartA ke guru vAdidevasUri kA kAla - ratnaprabhasUri ke guru vAdidevasUri ke kAla ke saMdarbha meM ratnAkarAvatArikA ke prathama bhAga ke sampAdakIya meM likhA hai ki vAdidevasUri gujarAta ke siddharAja kI sabhA ke paMDita the| inakA janma vikrama saMvat 1143, tadanusAra IsvI-san 1086 meM huA thaa| inhoMne vikrama saMvat 1152, tadanusAra IsvI san 1095 meM nau varSa kI alpa vaya meM hI candrakula se nikale bRhadagaccha ke muni candrasUri ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| inakA dIkSA-pUrva nAma rAmacandra thaa| vikrama saMvat 1174, arthAt IsvI-san 1117 meM mAtra 31 varSa kI vaya meM inheM AcArya pada pradAna kiyA gayA thA aura inakA nAma devasUri rakhA gayA thaa| cUMki ye vAda-vidyA meM atyaMta pAraMgata the, isalie ye Age calakara vAdidevasUri ke nAma se prasiddha
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 45 hue| ratnaprabhasUri ke guru vAdidevasUri kA svargavAsa vikrama saMvat 1221 arthAt IsvI san 1169 meM lagabhaga 88 varSa kI avasthA meM huaa| isa AdhAra para hama itanA avazya kaha sakate haiM ki vAdidevasUri ke svargavAsa ke samaya ratnaprabhasUri kama se kama 40 varSa pUrva dIkSita ho cuke the, kyoMki ratnaprabhasUri kA jo vibhinna darzana-paraMparAoM kA vyApaka adhyayana huA, vaha eka dIrghakAlIna avadhi kI apekSA rakhatA hai, sAtha hI aisA bhI ullekha milatA hai ki inhoMne vAdidevasUri ke syAdvAdaratnAkara kI racanA meM bhI apanA sahayoga pradAna kiyA thA, ataH, yaha spaSTa hai ki syAdvAdaratnAkara ke racanAkAla taka ye eka praur3ha vidvAn ke rUpa meM sthApita ho cuke the| ratnAkarAvatArikA kI paMjikA AcArya rAjazikhara ne likhI thii| ye maladhArI abhayadevasUri ke saMtAnIya tilakadevasUri ke ziSya the| cU~ki inhoMne vikrama saMvat 1405, tadanusAra IsvI san 1349 meM prabaMdha-koza kI racanA kI thI, ataH, ratnAkarAvatArikA kI paMjikA kI racanA bhI isI kAla ke Asa-pAsa huI thii| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA kI racanA usake lagabhaga 100-150 varSa pUrva ho cukI thii| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara evaM arcaTa ke nAma Ate haiN| dharmottara dharmakIrti ke ziSya the| inakA kAla lagabhaga vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| arcada dharmottara ke bhI pazcAt hue haiN| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA bArahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda aura terahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha hI racI gaI hai| usakA racanAkAla IsA kI bArahavIM zatI kA uttarArddha hogaa| isake pUrva ve IsvI san 1176 meM 'nemInAhacariya' aura IsvI san 1182 meM 'doghaTTIvRtti kI racanA kara cuke the| ina donoM kRtiyoM kI racanA ke pUrva vAdidevasUri syAdvAdaratnAkara kI racanA kara IsvI san 1169 meM svargastha ho cuke the| yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA unakI vRddhAvasthA kI racanA hai tathA yaha IsvI san 1182 ke bAda aura IsvI san 1199 ke pUrva kabhI racI gaI hogI aura lagabhaga yahI samaya unake svargavAsa kA rahA hogaa| 4. ratnAkarAvatArikA ke kartA ratnaprabhasUri kI kRtiyA~ - 1. neminAhacariya (neminAtha-caritra) - jaisA ki nAma se hI spaSTa hai, yaha grantha bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke caritra se saMbaMdhita hai| yaha mahArASTrIya bhASA meM likhA gayA hai aura usakA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1232 tadanusAra IsvI-san 1176 hai| isa grantha kI racanA ratnaprabhasUri ne
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA prAkRta bhASA meM kI, isase yaha patA calatA hai ki unheM prAkRta bhASA kA bhI acchA jJAna thA / 46 2. doghaTTIvRtti - ratnaprabhasUri ne dharmadAsakRta upadeza -mAlA para 11150 zloka - parimANa doghaTTIvRtti likhI hai| isakA racanAkAla unhoMne vikrama saMvat 1238 batAyA, tadanusAra yaha IsvI san 1182 kI racanA hai / isa vRtti ke nirmANa meM unheM apane guru bhrAtA vijayasenasUri kI preraNA milatI rahI hai / vijayasenasUri ratnaprabhasUri ke guru AcArya vAdidevasUri ke anuja the aura eka apekSA se inake guru bhrAtA bhI the| inakI isa kRti kA saMzodhana bhadrezvarasUri ne kiyA thaa| ve bhI AcArya vAdidevasUri ke ziSya the| isase yaha bhI siddha hotA hai ki ratnaprabhasUri ko apane guru bhrAtAoM se bhI paryApta sahayoga milA hai| syAdvAdaratnAkara kI racanA meM vAdidevasUri ko ratnaprabhasUri ke atirikta jinakA sarvAdhika sahayoga milA thA, ve bhadrezvarasUri hI the / AcArya vAdidevasUri ne syAdvAdaratnAkara kI prazasti meM jinake sahayoga kA ullekha kiyA hai, unameM bhadrezvarasUri evaM ratnaprabhasUri kA hI nAma AtA hai| 3. ratnAkarAvatArikA jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM hI spaSTa kiyA hai ki dArzanika - dRSTi se ratnaprabhasUri kI racanAoM meM ratnAkarAvatArikA kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha grantha unhoMne apane guru vAdidevasUri ke pramANanayatattvAloka kI bRhat evaM kliSTa TIkA syAdvAdaratnAkara meM praveza karane ke lie hI banAyA thaa| isake atirikta, ratnaprabhasUri kI racanAoM meM parIkSA, paMcAzata aMtaraMga sandhi, apabhraMzakUlaka Adi racanAe~ bhI rahI haiM / 5. ratnaprabhasUri kI guru-paraMparA evaM guru- bhrAtA - --- ratnaprabhasUri ke guru vAdidevasUri the| vAdidevasUri bRhadgaccha ke muni caMdrasUri ke ziSya the / vAdidevasUri ke ziSya - parivAra meM bhadrezvarasUri, vijayacaMdasUri, ratnaprabhasUri, paramAnandasUri aura mANikyanandasUri pramukha the| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki ratnaprabha ke guru aura gurubhrAtA, sabhI uccakoTi ke vidvAn the aura yahI kAraNa hai ki ratnaprabhasUri ko vidvat-guru evaM guru-bhrAtAoM kA aisA parikara prApta huA, jisake kAraNa ve ratnAkarAvatArikA jaisI mahAn kRti ke lekhana meM samartha hue|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA ratnAkarAvatArikA ke lekhana kA prayojana ratnAkarAvatArikA ke lekhana ke prayojana ko azakya batAte hue pratipakSa kA kahanA hai ki cAhe zeSanAga ke mastaka para rakhI huI maNi bar3hate hue jvara ko rokatI ho, kintu usa maNi kA prApta honA hI asaMbhava hai, usI prakAra isa ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka grantha meM pratipAdita pramANa aura naya ke dvArA vastutattva kA jJAna honA bhI azakya hai| jisa prakAra maNi kI prApti azakya hai, usI prakAra pramANa evaM naya ke svarUpa kA jJAna bhI zabdoM ke mAdhyama se azakya hone se prathama, prayojana nirarthaka hai| dUsare, mAtA ke sAtha jisa prakAra vivAha karanA anucita yA aniSTakAraka hai, usI prakAra isa grantha kA prayojana bhI aniSTakAraka hai| jisa prakAra dasa aura anAraye donoM zabda paraspara asaMbaddha haiM, usI prakAra zabda aura artha meM koI yathArtha saMbaMdha nahIM hone se granthakAra kA prayojana sArthaka nahIM hai / 6. ataH, pratipakSa kA kahanA hai ki uparyukta ina tInoM dRSTiyoM se grantha-lekhana kA prayojana upayukta na hone ke kAraNa buddhimAn puruSoM kI pravRtti ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka grantha meM kaise ho sakatI hai ? arthAt nahIM ho sakatI hai, 27 kintu isake viparIta, granthakarttA AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne yaha dikhAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki prastuta kRti meM vidvAn puruSoM kI pravRtti saMbhava hai, kyoMki prastuta kRti kA prayojana 1. zakya 2. iSTa aura 3. susaMbaddha hai| -- zakya, iSTa aura susambaddha prayojana meM buddhimAn puruSoM kI pravRtti avazya hotI hai, mAtra azakya, aniSTa aura asambaddha prayojanoM meM unakI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai / zakya, iSTa aura susambaddha prayojana hI vastu-svarUpa kA nizcaya karanA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM prativAdI kI zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue granthakartA ratnaprabhasUri likhate haiM ki pramANa aura naya ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karane ke lie hI ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka isa grantha kA prAraMbha kiyA jAtA hai| 28 27 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga 1, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 13 28 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga 1, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 13 47 pramANa aura naya kA svarUpa pramANa aura naya kA svarUpa kaisA honA cAhie, ise spaSTa karate hue granthakartA batAte haiM ki saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita jo
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________________ 48 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jJAna vastu ko samagrarUpeNa grahaNa karatA hai, vahI pramANa hai tathA jisameM vastu kA AMzika yA ekadezIya jJAna hotA hai, vaha naya hai| zaMkA - yahA~ prativAdI kI zaMkA yaha hai ki dvandva-samAsa kA yaha niyama hotA hai ki alpa svara vAle pada pahale hote haiM tathA adhika svara vAle bAda meM, isa apekSA se yahA~ pramANa ke pUrva naya zabda ko rakhanA thA ? samAdhAna - isakA samAdhAna karate hue granthakartA likhate haiM ki sAmAnyatayA lakSaNa ko prathama tathA hetu ko bAda meM sthAna diyA jAtA hai, ataH, yahA~ hetu alpa svara vAlA hone para bhI tathA lakSaNa adhika svara vAlA hone para bhI lakSaNa ko hI prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai, kyoMki niyama yahI hai ki hetu lakSaNa ke bAda hI AtA hai, sAtha hI pramANa ko samagra vastu ke jJAna kA grAhaka hone se pramANa ko prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| naya AMzika jJAna kA grAhaka hai, ataH, use bAda meM rakhA gayA hai| jaba kisI vastu kA AMzika rUpa se jJAna yA kathana karanA ho, to use naya ke dvArA kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra pitA ke abhAva meM putra arthAt usakA aMza nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra binA pramANa ke naya kA bhI astitva nahIM hai| pramANa meM naya samAviSTa hai, ataH, naya ko pramANa ke pazcAt rakhA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki pramANa anubhUti kA viSaya hai aura naya abhivyakti kaa| binA anubhUti ke abhivyakti saMbhava nahIM hai| isa grantha ke lekhana kA mukhya prayojana pramANa aura naya ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karanA hai| isI prayojana ke lie granthakartA dvArA isa grantha ke lekhana kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai- 'prmaannnytttvvyvsthaapnaarthmidmupkrmyte| yahA~ isa AdivAkya meM pramANanayatattvavyavasthApanArtha yaha vAkyAMza lekhanarUpa kI jAne vAlI kriyA 'upakramyate' kA vizeSaNa hai| isa prakAra, prastuta sUtra meM 'idam' zabda dvArA 'upakramyate' jo nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, vaha grantha kA vizeSaNa na hokara AcArya dvArA pramANa-naya kI vyavasthA hetu jo grantha-lekhana kI prayatnarUpa kriyA hai, usa prayatnarUpa kriyA kA vizeSaNa hai| isI prakAra, 'idam' zabda bhI AcArya kA vizeSaNa na hokara unake grantha-lekhanarUpa prayatna ko hI sUcita karatA hai| granthakartA kA uddezya to pramANa-naya kA nizcaya karanA yA usakA svarUpa batAnA hai aura isIlie ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka isa 29 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga 1, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 13 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga 1, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 14
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA TIkA-grantha kI racanA kI jA rahI hai| zabdarUpa grantha ke mAdhyama se hI pramANa aura naya kA svarUpa samajhA jA sakatA hai, ataH, grantha kA jo prayojana pramANa aura naya ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karanA hai, vaha prayojana sArthaka hone se yaha 'zakya' anuSThAna hai|" zaMkA - yahA~ pratipakSa yaha zaMkA prastuta karatA hai ki jaba zAstra hI sUtra evaM artha kI vyavasthA karatA hai, to phira zAstra sUtra evaM artha kA karaNa arthAt hetu hogA, sAdhya nahIM, kintu jJAna ko hetu kaise kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jJAna to sAdhya hotA hai ? samAdhAna - yahA~ hetu to mukhya rUpa se granthakartA AcArya ratnaprabhasUri hI haiM, zAstra to svayaM apanA kartA nahIM ho sktaa| dUsare, aupacArika rUpa se zAstra ko bhI jJAna kA karttA to kaha sakate haiM aura zAstra granthakartA kA hI kArya hai, ataH, upacAra se zAstra ko bhI hetu yA karaNa (jJAna kA sAdhana) mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra.. 'pramANanayatattvavyavasthApanArthamidamupakramyate- isa sUtra kA mukhya prayojana to grantha-lekhana ke prayojana kA hI pratipAdana karanA hai, jisase isameM buddhimAnoM kI pravRtti ho| isa grantha meM jo pratipAdita viSaya haiM, unakA bodha zabda evaM artha meM saMbaMdha hone se ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, isa grantha kA AdivAkyarUpa prathama sUtra lekhana ke prayojana ko ina zabdoM ke vAcyArtha dvArA spaSTa kara detA hai| yahA~ para granthakAra pahalI zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue likhate haiM ki "pramANanayatattvavyavasthApanArthamidamupakramyate- isa sUtra se pramANa aura naya ke svarUpa ke bodha kA prayojana spaSTa ho jAtA hai, arthAt ina donoM ke jJAna kI prAptirUpa prayojana kI siddhi hotI hai, ataH, pramANa aura naya kA jJAna zakyAnuSThAna hai| isa prakAra, pahalI zaMkA kA samAdhAna ho jAtA dUsarI zaMkA kA nirAkaraNa karate hue granthakAra likhate haiM ki prayojana do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. kartA kA prayojana aura 2. zrotA kA pryojn| isa grantha meM kartA kA prayojana to zrotA ko pramANa aura naya ke - ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga 1, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 14 - ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga 1, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 14 33 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga 1, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 15
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________________ 50 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA svarUpa kA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna karAnA hai aura zrotA kA prayojana sabase pahale usa jJAna ko prApta karane ke lie grantha-adhyayana meM pravRtti karanA hai| isa prakAra, pramANa aura naya dvArA vastutattva kA jJAna karAnA aura usa jJAna ko prApta karanA kramazaH kartA aura zrotA- ina donoM kA prayojana hai| yaha prayojana iSTa hai| prayojana iSTa hone se aniSTa prayojanarUpI dUsarI zaMkA kA bhI samAdhAna ho jAtA hai|" pratipakSa kI tIsarI zaMkA yaha hai ki asambaddha prayojana meM buddhimAnoM kI pravRtti nahIM hotI hai| isakA samAdhAna karate hue granthakAra likhate haiM ki AdivAkya kA prayojana zabda aura artha ke saMbaMdha ko spaSTa kara zabdoM ke mAdhyama se vastutattva kA bodha karAnA hai aura yaha prayojana susaMbaddha hai| yadyapi yahA~ zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcakabhAvarUpa jo saMbaMdha mAnA gayA hai, use 'pramANanayatattvavyavasthApanArthamidamupakramyate'- isa sUtra meM spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI grantha-lekhanarUpa isa prayatna meM arthApattipramANa dvArA zabda aura artha meM rahe hue vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ko jAnA jA sakatA hai, ataH, AdivAkya kA prayojana, zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ke AdhAra para susambaddha hone se tIsarI zaMkA kA bhI nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| 6. ratnAkarAvatArikA kI viSayavastu - AcArya vAdidevasUri ne 'pramANanayatattvAloka' nAmaka sUtra-grantha kI racanA kI thI aura unhoMne svayaM ne hI usakI "syAdvAdaratnAkara' nAmaka vistRta TIkA bhI likhI thI, kintu syAdvAdaratnAkara TIkA-grantha hokara bhI ati kliSTa hai, ataH, vAdidevasUri ke ziSya AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne yaha ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka prastuta madhyama AkAra kI TIkA likhI hai, jisameM anya dArzanikoM dvArA uThAI gaI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna bhI AcArya ratnaprabhasUri dvArA kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ hama ratnAkarAvatArikA kI viSayavastu kA vivaraNa usake paricchedoM ke krama se kareMge - 1. prastuta grantha ratnAkarAvatArikA kA prathama sUtra 'pramANanayatattva vyavasthApanArthamidamupakramyate' hai| yaha AdivAkya grantha ke mukhya prayojana ko spaSTa karatA hai, kintu AdivAkya kA yaha prayojana zabdArtha-saMbaMdha ke 34 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga 1, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 15 35 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga 1, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 15
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA AdhAra para hI siddha hogA, ataH, prastuta kRti meM sarvaprathama zabdArtha-saMbaMdha ko lekara vibhinna dArzanikoM dvArA jo vibhinna prakAra kI zaMkAeM prastuta kI gaI haiM, unake samAdhAna kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra, ratnAkarAvatArikA ke prathama pariccheda meM zabdArtha-saMbaMdha ke AdhAra para AdivAkya kA prayojana siddha kiyA gayA hai| zabda aura artha ke saMbaMdha ko lekara vibhinna bhAratIya-dArzanikoM ke vicAra alaga-alaga haiM, jaise - mImAMsaka zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM, to naiyAyika unameM tadutpatti-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM, vahIM bauddha-dArzanika zabda aura artha (vastu) meM koI saMbaMdha hI nahIM mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha mAnate haiN| isa prakAra, isa graMtha ke prAraMbha meM zabda aura artha ke saMbaMdha ko lekara cAra prakAra kI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| mAtra itanA hI nahIM, yahA~ vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ko chor3akara zeSa tIna matoM kI samIkSA bhI kI gaI hai| isake atirikta, prastuta grantha ke prAraMbha meM jJAna ke sAdhanoM ko pramANa mAnane vAle naiyAyikoM ke, nirvikalpa ko pramANa mAnane vAle bauddhoM ke mantavyoM kI samIkSA bhI hai| isake sAtha hI, pramANa ko para-prakAzaka mAnane vAle naiyAyikoM evaM mImAMsakoM kA tathA pramANa ko svaprakAzaka mAnane vAle bauddhoM aura advaitavAdiyoM kA ratnaprabhasUri ne nirasana karate hue yaha mata prastuta kiyA hai ki pramANa sva aura para-prakAzaka hotA hai| isa saMdarbha meM carcA karate hue ve likhate haiM ki nyAya-darzana ke sannikarSa Adi bhI pramANa nahIM ho skte| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kA khaNDana karate hue yaha carcA kI hai ki pramANa nizcayAtmaka hotA hai, kyoMki vaha samAropa kA virodhI hotA hai, ataH, nirvikalpa-pratyakSa anizcayAtmaka hone se pramANarUpa nahIM ho sakatA hai| isI prasaMga meM ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM ke zUnyavAdI-siddhAnta kA bhI nirasana kiyaa| cUMki bauddha-dArzanika jagat ko zUnyarUpa mAnate haiM, ataH, ratnaprabha ne bauddha-dArzanikoM ke samakSa cAra prazna uThAe haiM- Apa jise para kahate ho, vaha 1. aNurUpa hai ? yA 2. sthUlarUpa hai ? yA 3. ubhayarUpa hai yA 4. anubhayarUpa hai ? yadi vaha aNurUpa hai, to usakA pratyakSa saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyakSa se paramANu kI siddhi nahIM hotii| anumAna se bhI paramANu kI siddhi nahIM hotI, kyoMki anumAna vyApti-saMbaMdha para AdhArita hotA hai| yadi vyApti-saMbaMdha kA pratyakSa se nizcaya na ho, to anumAna bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi vaha sthUlarUpa hai, to sthUlarUpa hone se usakA pratyakSa hotA hI hai, ataH, use zUnyarUpa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| dUsare
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA yaha ki yadi zUnyavAdI-dArzanika padArtha ko ekAntarUpa se anitya mAnate haiM, to anitya-padArtha meM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hotI hai| isI prakAra, padArtha ko kUTastha-nitya mAnA jAe, to bhI usameM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hogI, isalie jaina-dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki arthakriyA na to ekAMta-nitya-padArtha meM saMbhava hai, na hI ekAnta-anitya-padArtha meN| vastutaH, to vaha nityAnitya-padArtha meM hI saMbhava ho sakatI hai, ataH, pramANa kA viSaya padArtha zUnyarUpa nahIM ho sktaa| isI prakAra, pramANa bhI zUnyarUpa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi pramANa zUnyarUpa hai, to zUnyatA kI siddhi bhI zUnyarUpa hI hogI, ataH, pramANa ko zUnyarUpa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isake viparIta, yadi zUnyavAdI pramANa ko azUnya mAnate haiM, to phira unakA zUnyavAda bhI khaNDita ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra, yahA~ ratnaprabhasUri ne vistAra se zUnyavAda kA khaMDana karate hue yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki pramANa na to mAtra sva kA nirNAyaka hai, na mAtra para kA, na vaha zUnyatA kI siddhi hI karatA hai, vastutaH to vaha svapara-vyavasAyI hI hai| isa prakAra, prathama-pariccheda meM pramANa ko svapara-vyavasAyAtmaka siddha karane ke lie zUnyavAda kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| isI krama meM, brahmAdvaitavAda kA bhI khaMDana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki brahmAdvaitavAda meM jagat ko mithyA kahA gayA hai aura jo mithyA hai, vaha pramANa kA viSaya ho hI nahIM sktaa| isa prakAra, ratnaprabhasUri ne prathama pariccheda meM zUnyAdvaitavAda aura brahmAdvaitavAda- donoM kI hI samIkSA kI hai, sAtha hI yaha batAyA hai ki pramANa svasaMvedanarUpa aura para-saMvedanarUpa- donoM hI hai, kyoMki yadi pramANa ko svasaMvedanarUpa nahIM mAnA jAegA to vaha anya kA yA para kA prakAzaka bhI nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki para kA prakAzaka vahI ho sakatA hai, jo sva kA prakAzaka ho| dIpaka yadi svayaM prakAzita nahIM ho, to vaha anya ko bhI prakAzita nahIM kara sktaa| isa prakAra, isa prathama pariccheda meM ratnaprabhasUri ne pramANa ko sva-para-vyavasAyAtmaka siddha karane ke lie, jahA~ eka ora bauddhoM ke vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora unhoMne vedAnta ke brahmavAda kA bhI khaMDana kiyA hai, kyoMki ina sabhI ne bAhyArtha kI sattA kA niSedha kiyA hai, yA use mithyA batAyA hai| isI prakAra isa prathama pariccheda meM naiyAyikoM aura mImAMsakoM ke mata kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai, kyoMki ve pramANa ko mAtra karaNarUpa mAnate haiM aura use para-prakAzaka hI mAnate haiM; kintu ratnaprabhasari kA kahanA hai ki jo sva-prakAzaka na ho, vaha para-prakAzaka ho hI nahIM sakatA, jaise- jo
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA dIpaka svayaM prakAzita nahIM hotA hai, vaha anya padArthoM ko bhI prakAzita nahIM kara pAtA hai| isI prakAra, isa prathama pariccheda meM pramANa ko ekAntarUpa se jJAna kA sAdhana mAnane vAle aura ekAntarUpa se jJAnarUpa mAnane vAle kI samIkSA karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pramANa jJAna kA sAdhana na hokara jJAnarUpa hI hotA hai; kintu yaha jJAna, sva aura para- donoM kA prakAzaka hokara nizcayAtmaka hotA hai| isa prakAra, prathama pariccheda meM ratnaprabhasUri ne AdivAkya kI AvazyakatA ko sthApita karate hue prathamataH zabda aura artha ke saMbaMdha ko lekara eka ora mImAMsakoM ke tAdAtmyavAda kI samIkSA kI hai, to dUsarI ora, zabda aura artha meM saMbaMdha nahIM hai- bauddhoM ke aise siddhAnta kA bhI nirasana kiyA hai| isI krama meM Age, pramANa-lakSaNa kI carcA karate hue unhoMne jJAna ke sAdhanoM kI apekSA jJAna ko hI pramANa sthApita kiyA hai tathA sannikarSa, indriyavRtti Adi ke pramANatva kA bhI khaNDana kiyA hai| pramANa ko nizcayAtmaka siddha karane ke prasaMga meM unhoMne use saMzaya, samAropa aura viparyaya se rahita batAkara bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI pramANatA kA khaMDana kiyA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora, bAhyArtha kA niSedha karane vAle zUnyavAda aura brahmavAda kI bhI samIkSA kI hai aura isI krama meM yaha siddha kiyA hai ki pramANa sva-para-vyavasAyAtmaka hotA hai| Age, prAmANyatA aura aprAmANyatA ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue unakI utpatti aura jJapti ke saMbaMdha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai tathA isa saMbaMdha meM jaina-darzana se virodhI matoM kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai| 2. ratnAkarAvatArikA ke dUsare pariccheda meM sarvaprathama pramANa do prakAra ke batAe gae haiM - 1. pratyakSa aura 2. prokss| phira yaha kahA gayA hai ki pratyakSa-pramANa do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa aura 2. paarmaarthik-prtykss| sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSa punaH do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. indriya-bandhana aura 2. anindriya-bandhana / yahA~ yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki sabhI indriyA~ apane-apane viSaya ko saMsparza karake jJAna utpanna karatI hai, yA apane viSaya ko saMsparza kie binA hI jJAna utpanna karatI haiM ? isa prazna ko lekara vibhinna dArzanikoM meM matabheda haiN| bauddha-dArzanika cakSu aura zrotra- ina do indriyoM ke atirikta zeSa tIna indriyoM, arthAt rasanendriya, sparzanendriya aura ghrANendriya ko prApyakArI arthAt apane viSaya kA sparza kara jAnane vAlI batAte hue zeSa do, arthAt cakSu aura zrotra ko aprApyakArI mAnate haiM, jabaki naiyAyika cakSu sahita pA~coM indriyoM ko prApyakArI mAnate
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA haiM. vahIM ratnaprabhasari jaina-darzana ke anusAra cakSu ko aprApyakArI mAnakara zeSa cAroM indriyoM ko prApyakArI mAnate haiM aura isa saMbaMdha meM bauddha-mata kI vistAra se samIkSA bhI karate haiN| isake pazcAt, ratnaprabhasUri ne pratyakSa ke bhedoM kI carcA kI hai| ve likhate haiM ki kisI bhI padArtha kA sAMvyavahArika-pratyakSarUpa-jJAna kramazaH avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA hotA hai, jabaki pAramArthika-pratyakSarUpa-jJAna do prakAra kA hotA hai - 1. vikala-pAramArthika-pratyakSa aura 2. skl-paarmaarthik-prtykss| vikala-pAramArthika-pratyakSa bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- 1. avadhijJAna 2. manaHparyavajJAna / avadhijJAna kA viSaya rUpI-dravya, jaise- pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, andhakAra, prakAza, chAyA, Atapa Adi haiN| isa sAmAnya carcA ke uparAnta ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabhasUri likhate haiM ki naiyAyika evaM vaizeSika aMdhakAra aura chAyA ko dravyarUpa nahIM mAnate, apitu ina donoM ko prakAza kA abhAvarUpa mAnate haiM, jabaki yahA~ jaina-darzana ke anusAra, ratnaprabhasUri aMdhakAra aura chAyA ko bhI prakAza aura tApa (Atapa) ke samAna hI rUpI-dravya mAnate haiN| isa prasaMga meM ratnaprabhasUri naiyAyikoM se prazna karate haiM ki Apa hamAre dvArA prastuta nimna ATha tarkoM ke AdhAra para andhakAra ko abhAvarUpa siddha nahIM kara sakate haiN| tatpazcAt, ve ratnAkarAvatArikA meM andhakAra kI bhAvarUpatA ke lie ATha tarka prastuta karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra Apa prakAza ko sattArUpa mAnate ho, vaise hI Apako aMdhakAra aura chAyA ko bhI sattArUpa aura dravyarUpa mAna lenA caahie| isa saMbaMdha meM ratnaprabha ne naiyAyikoM ke pUrvapakSa aura jainoM ke uttarapakSa ko lekara vistAra se carcA kI hai| isa carcA ke uparAnta ratnaprabhasUri ne manaHparyavajJAna ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki manaHparyavajJAnI dUsaroM ke manobhAvoM ko jAnatA hai| isa carcA ke uparAnta ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM kevalajJAna kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| ve likhate haiM ki samyakadarzana Adi AMtarika-bhAva-vizuddhi se evaM tapazcaryA Adi bAhya-hetuoM se samasta ghAtIkarmoM kA kSaya hone para utpanna hone vAlA kevalajJAna hai| vaha kevalajJAna samasta dravyoM aura unakI samasta paryAyoM kA jJAna hotA hai| kevalajJAna ke svarUpa evaM saMbhAvanA ko lekara mImAMsakoM, cArvAkoM aura bauddhoM ke bhinna-bhinna mata haiN| mImAMsakoM kI mAnyatA hai ki kevalajJAna saMbhava nahIM hai| varddhamAna meM sarvajJa kA abhAva hai, kyoMki unameM sarvajJatva anupalabdha hai| cArvAka bhI yahI kahate haiM ki kevalajJAna nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai| bauddha sarvajJa ko mAnate to haiM; kintu sarvajJa ko dharmajJAna
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA batAte haiN| jisane dharma-adharma ke samyak - svarUpa ko samajha liyA hai, vahI dharmajJa hai| ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ina sabhI dArzanikoM ke matabhedoM ko prastuta kara unakI mahAn samIkSA kI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika sarvajJa ko mAnate to haiM, kintu ve kevala Izvara ko sarvajJa mAnate haiM, arthAt Izvara hI sarvajJa hai aura vahI jagat kA karttA bhI hai| saMsAra kI jo racanA hama dekhate haiM, vaha saba Izvara kI hI suvyavasthita racanA hai, ataH, isakA nimitta - kAraNa Izvara hI haiM / ratnaprabha nyAya-vaizeSika (naiyAyika) kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki Izvara koI nimitta - kAraNa nahIM hotaa| samasta padArtha apane-apane kAraNoM se hI utpanna hote haiN| AcArya ratnaprabha ne isI prasaMga meM kevalajJAnI ke kavalAhAra kI carcA ko uThAkara kevalI kA kavalAhAra nahIM mAnane vAle digambara-mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM unhoMne sarvaprathama digambaroM kA pUrvapakSa prastuta kara phira usakI samIkSA kI hai| digambara kI mAnyatA hai ki sarvajJa nirvikalpa hotA hai, icchArahita hotA hai, ataH, use AhAra kI icchA nahIM hotI hai, isalie vaha AhAra bhI nahIM karatA hai / isa para ratnaprabha kA kahanA hai ki AhAra aura kevalajJAna meM koI virodha nahIM hai, ataH, AhAra aura jJAna sAtha-sAtha raha sakate haiM, kevalI meM unakI sahAnavasthA hai| 55 3. ratnAkarAvatArikA ke tRtIya pariccheda meM sarvaprathama parokSa - pramANa ke pA~ca prakAra- 1. smaraNa 2. pratyabhijJA 3 tarka 4 anumAna aura 5. Agama batAte hue inake lakSaNa varNita kie gae haiN| naiyAyika sAdRzya ko jAnane vAle upamAna -pramANa ko alaga mAnate haiN| inake dvArA pratyabhijJAna -pramANa ko svataMtra - pramANa nahIM mAnane kI carcA kI gaI hai| bauddha- dArzanika kSaNikavAdI hone ke kAraNa pratyabhijJAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnakara, bhrAMtirUpa mAnate haiN| inakA siddhAMta hai ki jaba vastu kA lakSaNa pratikSaNa badalane kA hai, to badalane vAle ko pratyabhijJAna kaise mAna sakate haiM ? pratyakSa ko hI pratyabhijJAna mAnanA caahie| inakI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabha likhate haiM ki pratyakSa meM to sirpha vartamAna kI vastu kA hI bodha hotA hai, kintu pratyabhijJAna meM bhUta evaM varttamAna- donoM kA hI bodha hotA hai| tarka-pramANa ke saMbaMdha meM bauddha - dArzanika ke tarka (Uha) ko pramANa nahIM mAnane kI carcA kI hai, to ratnaprabha ne inakI samIkSA meM likhA hai ki yadi Apa tarka ko pramANa nahIM mAneMge, to ApakA anumAna - pramANa bhI siddha nahIM hogA, kyoMki vyApti traikAlika - saMbaMdha kA jJAna karAtI hai, jabaki pratyakSa se to kevala varttamAna kA hI jJAna hotA hai, vyApti kA jJAna to tarka se hotA hai| isameM
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA yaha bhI carcA kI gaI hai ki bauddha vizeSa ko hI mAnate haiM, sAmAnya ko nahIM / isake pazcAt, ratnAkarAvatArikA meM anumAna - pramANa ke do prakAra batAe gae haiM- 1. svArthAnumAna aura 2 parArthAnumAna / anumAna - pramANa kI carcA meM cArvAka anumAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnate haiN| unakI mAnyatA hai ki anumAna svataMtra - pramANa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki ekamAtra pratyakSa hI pramANa hai / isakI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabha ne anumAna -pramANa kI siddhi meM hetu aura anumAna- ina donoM ko pramukha batAyA hai| isake Age hetu ke lakSaNa ke saMbaMdha meM ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabha likhate haiM- sAdhya ke sAtha jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita ho, arthAt jo sAdhya ke binA kadApi saMbhava na ho, vaha hetu kahalAtA hai, jaise- agni ( sAdhya) ke binA dhUma kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai, ataeva dhUma hetu hai| hetu kahIM ativyApta hotA hai, kahIM alpavyApta / jisakA anyathAnupapatti nizcita ho, arthAt aura kahIM hotA hI nahIM, vaha nizcitAnyathAnupapatti hai / yahI ekamAtra hetu kA lakSaNa hai| isake Age ke sUtra meM bauddha - dArzanikoM ke pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva aura vipakSAsatva- ina tIna lakSaNoM ke mAnane kI carcA hai tathA naiyAyikoM ke ina tIna lakSaNoM ke sAtha asat - pratipakSatA aura abAdhitaviSayatA- ina do lakSaNoM sahita pA~ca lakSaNoM ke mAnane kI carcA kI gaI hai, kintu ratnaprabha ne ina donoM dArzanika-matoM ke khaNDana meM yaha samIkSA prastuta kI hai ki bauddhoM aura naiyAyikoM ke tIna aura pA~ca lakSaNoM vAlA hetu nahIM ho sakatA, vaha to hetvAbhAsa hotA hai| hetvAbhAsa meM hI ye lakSaNa saMbhava ho sakate haiN| isake Age, ratnaprabha sAdhya ke svarUpa kI carcA meM likhate haiM ki apratIta, anirAkRta aura abhIpsitaye tInoM jahAM hoM, vahIM sAdhya hotA hai / ratnaprabha ne yaha bhI likhA hai ki jaba vyApti kA prayoga karanA ho, to jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai, isa prakAra, agnidharma ko hI sAdhya bananA cAhie, sAtha hI, dharmI kI prasiddhi tIna prakAra se hotI hai, usakI carcA udAharaNa hai / ratnAkarAvatArikA meM hama dekhate haiM ki pUrvapakSa ke bauddha- dArzanika dharmI kI siddhi vikalpa se mAnate haiM, vahI ratnaprabha ne uttarapakSa ke rUpa meM bauddha-mata kI samIkSA bhI prastuta kI hai| isake pazcAt, ratnaprabha ne parArthAnumAna kI carcA meM likhA hai ki yadyapi pratyeka pramANa - jJAnasvarUpa hotA hai, parantu parArthAnumAna zabdasvarUpa hotA hai, kyoMki zabda jar3a hai aura jar3arUpa hone se pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / parArthAnumAna svArthAnumAna kA kAraNa hai| kAraNa ko upacAra se kArya mAnakara parArthAnumAna ko bhI anumAna mAna liyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt, pakSa - prayoga sahita kI gaI rUpa meM jahA~ 56
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 57 ke saMbaMdha meM ratnAkarAvatArikA meM carcA kI gaI hai ki bauddha-dArzanika pakSa kA prayoga Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiN| unake isa virodha meM ratnaprabha likhate haiM ki yadi pakSa kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAegA, to sAdhya kahA~ siddha kiyA jA rahA hai, yaha jJAta nahIM ho paaegaa| sAdhya kA niyata-pakSa ke sAtha saMbaMdha batAne ke lie pakSa kA prayoga avazya karanA caahie| isI ke agale sUtra meM bauddhoM ke svabhAva, kArya aura anupalabdhi- ina tIna prakAra ke hetu mAnane kI carcA kI gaI hai| isake pazcAt, ratnaprabha ne yaha ullikhita kiyA hai ki jisa prakAra anumAna dvArA jAnI huI bAta ko zabdoM dvArA kahanA parArthAnumAna hai, usI prakAra pratyakSa dvArA bhI jAnI huI bAta ko zabdoM dvArA kahanA parArthAnumAna hai| yaha parArtha-pratyakSa bhI zabdAtmaka hone ke kAraNa upacAra se pramANa hai| isake pazcAt, parArthAnumAna ke avayavoM ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna dArzanika-matabheda haiM, jaise ki sAMkhya pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAMta- ye tIna avayava mAnate haiN| mImAMsaka upanaya ke sAtha cAra avayava mAnate haiM aura yoga nigamana ko milAkara kula pA~ca avayava mAnate haiN| ratnaprabha ina sabakI samIkSA karate hue pakSa aura hetu- ina do avayavoM kA samarthana karate haiN| isake uparAnta, ratnAkarAvatArikA meM hetu do prakAra ke batAe gae haiM - 1. tathopapatti aura anythaanupptti| dRSTAMta ko anumAna kA avayava nahIM batAyA gayA hai| tatpazcAt, vyApti ko do prakAra kI batAte hue 1. antarvyApti aura 2. bahirvyApti- inake svarUpa kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra, isameM yaha bhI carcA kI gaI hai ki kisI ko bodha karAne ke lie dRSTAMta, upanaya aura nigamana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI, apitu pakSa aura hetu, ina donoM se hI padArtha kA yathArtha-bodha ho sakatA hai, sAtha hI, yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki mandabuddhi vAle ke lie to phira bhI dRSTAMta, upanaya aura nigamana kI AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai, lekina buddhimAn ke lie to hetu aura pakSa se kAma cala sakatA hai| isake pazcAt, dRSTAMta ke do bheda kie gae haiM- 1. sAdharmya-dRSTAMta aura 2. vaidhrmy-dRssttaaNt| ina donoM ko udAharaNa dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai aura upanaya tathA nigamana kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki anumAna ke pA~coM avayava pakSa, hetu, dRSTAMta, upanaya aura nigamana- inakI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| isake uparAnta, Age ke sUtra meM ratnaprabha ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM anyathAnupapattirUpa hetu ke do prakAra batAe haiM- 1. upalabdhirUpa aura anupalabdhirUpa tathA ina donoM se vidhi aura niSedharUpa- donoM kI hI siddhi honI batAI gaI hai aura ina donoM kI vyAkhyA bhI kI gaI hai| isake
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________________ 58 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA pazcAta, ratnaprabha ne pratiSedha (abhAva) ke cAra prakAra- 1. prAgbhAva 2. pradhvaMsAbhAva 3. itaretarAbhAva aura 4. atyantAbhAva batAte hue inakI vyAkhyA bhI prastuta kI hai| tatpazcAt, ratnaprabha ne upalabdhi hetu ke do bheda kie haiM1. aviruddhopalabdhi aura 2. viruddhoplbdhi| punaH, aviruddhopalabdhi ke chaha bheda kie gae haiM- 1. sAdhyAviruddha-vyApyopalabdhi, 2. sAdhyAviruddhakAryopalabdhi 3. sAdhyAviruddha-kAraNopalabdhi, 4. sAdhyAviruddha-pUrvacaropalabdhi, 5. sAdhyAviruddha-uttaracaropalabdhi 6. saadhyaaviruddh-shcroplbdhi| bauddha-dArzanika aviruddhopalabdhi ke vyApya aura kAryahetu- ye do hI bheda mAnate haiM, jabaki zeSa 1. kAraNa 2. pUrvacara 3. uttaracara aura 4. sahacara Adi cAroM ko hetu nahIM mAnate haiN| AcArya ratnaprabha ne vividha udAharaNoM ke mAdhyama se tArkika rUpa se bauddha-dArzanika-mata kI samIkSA kI hai tathA aviruddha-kArya, kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara-upalabdhi- ina pA~coM ko apanA samarthana prastuta kiyA hai| tatpazcAt, viruddhopalabdhi ke 7 bheda batAe gae haiM- 1. svabhAvaviruddhopalabdhi 2. viruddhavyAptopalabdhi 3. viruddhakAryopalabdhi 4. viruddha-kAraNopalabdhi 5. viruddha-pUrvacaropalabdhi 6. viruddha-uttaracaropalabdhi 7. viruddha-sahacaropalabdhi, isake sAtha hI uttarapakSa ke rUpa meM unhoMne apanA mata bhI prastuta kiyA hai| upalabdhi ke samAna hI anupalabdhi ke bhI do bheda batAe gae haiM- 1. aviruddhAnupalabdhi aura 2. viruddhaanuplbdhi| punaH, aviruddhAnupalabdhi sAta prakAra kI batAI gaI hai - 1. aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi 2. aviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi 3. aviruddhakAryAnupalabdhi 4. aviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi 5. aviruddhapUrvacarAnupalabdhi 6. aviruddhauttaracarAnupalabdhi, 7. aviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi evaM pratyeka kI vyAkhyA kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| isake uparAnta, aviruddhAnupalabdhi ke samAna vidhi ko siddha karane vAlI viruddhAnupalabdhi ke pA~ca bheda prastuta kie gae haiM- 1. viruddhakAryAnupalabdhi 2. viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi 3. viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi 4. viruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi 5. viruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi evaM inakI udAharaNoM dvArA carcA bhI kI gaI hai| isa prakAra, pramANanayatattvAloka nAmaka pustaka para zrI ratnaprabhasUri dvArA viracita ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka laghu TIkA meM smaraNa, pratyabhijJA, tarka (Uha) aura anumAna, isa prakAra, parokSa-pramANa ke pA~ca bhedoM meM se prathama cAra bhedoM ke svarUpa kA varNana isa tRtIya pariccheda meM kiyA gayA hai| Agama-pramANa kI carcA isa tRtIya pariccheda meM nahIM kI gaI hai|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 4. ratnAkarAvatArikA ke tRtIya pariccheda meM parokSa-pramANa ke pA~ca bheda batAkara sirpha prathama cAra bheda- smRti (smaraNa), pratyabhijJAna, tarka (Uha) aura anumAna-pramANa taka kI carcA kI gaI hai, kintu parokSa-pramANa ke pA~caveM bheda Agama-pramANa kA koI bhI ullekha tRtIya pariccheda meM nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu Agama-pramANa kA vistRta varNana caturtha pariccheda meM prathama-sUtra se hI prAraMbha kiyA gayA hai, jisameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki Agama-pramANa kyA hai? sarvaprathama, graMthakartA ratnaprabha kI ora se yaha prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki AptapuruSa ke vacanoM se jo viSaya-bodha kA jJAna hotA hai, use Agama-pramANa kahate haiM, kyoMki Apta-puruSa ke vacana hI prAmANika hote haiN| yahA~ para yaha jijJAsA bhI uThAI gaI hai ki yadi zrotA ke hRdaya meM utpanna hue artha ke bodha ko hI Agama kahA jAe, to phira Apta-puruSa ke vacana ko bhI Agama-pramANa kahA jAtA hai- aisI siddhAntakAroM kI dhAraNA hai, vaha siddha kaise hogI, aisA prazna koI bhI uThA sakatA hai ? ata:, granthakartA dvArA punaH hI samAdhAna karane kI carcA kI gaI hai| jaina-dArzanika Agama-pramANa ko anumAna-pramANa ke aMtargata na mAnakara svataMtra-pramANa svIkAra karate haiM, kintu vaizeSika dArzanika kaNAda Agama-pramANa ko anumAna-pramANa ke aMtargata hI svIkAra karate haiM, arthAt Agama (zabda)- pramANa ko svataMtra-pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM, ataH, ratnAkarAvatArikA ke caturtha pariccheda meM Agama-pramANa ko lekara vaizeSika-mata kI vistRta carcA milatI hai, to sAtha hI, ratnaprabha dvArA vaizeSika-mata ke virodha meM vistRta rUpa meM samIkSA prastuta karate hue granthakartA ratnaprabhasUri sUtra kI vyAkhyA ke aMta meM vaizeSika se kahate haiM ki zabda-bodha ke lie sarvaprathama 1. arthavivakSA 2. pazcAt zabdoccAraNa 3. tatpazcAt zabdazravaNa 4. tatpazcAt vaktA kI vivakSA kI vicAraNA 5. tatpazcAt Aptavacana hai yA anAptavacana- isakA spaSTIkaraNa aura aMta meM 6. arthapratItI- isa prakAra, kI pratIti kisI ko bhI nahIM hotI, apitu binA pratIti ke hI zabda-zravaNa hote hI turaMta arthabodha ho jAtA hai| chaThaveM evaM sAtaveM sUtra meM AptapuruSa ko do prakAra kA batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki ve laukika aura lokottara- do prakAra ke hote haiN| ise udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai ki isa pradeza (sthAna) meM ratnoM kA khajAnA hai, aise laukika vAkya yA anubhUta kathana mAtA-pitA Adi ke dvArA kahe jAte haiM aura isa saMsAra meM meruparvata Adi haiM- aise lokottara vAkya tIrthakara, gaNadhara Adi ke dvArA prayukta hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki donoM prakAra ke
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________________ 60 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA AptavacanoM kA uccarita zabda se hI arthabodha ho jAnA vAstavika rUpa meM 'Agama' hai| isI ko Agama-pramANa kahane kI carcA kI gaI hai tathA jo vastu jaisI hai, vaisI hI jAnanA tathA jaisA jAnA hai, vaisA hI kathana karanA AptapuruSa kA svarUpa hai, yaha spaSTa karate hue AptapuruSa kI vistRta vyAkhyA prastuta kI gaI hai| isake pazcAt, zruti apauruSeya hai- aisA mAnane vAle mImAMsaka ke sAtha granthakartA ratnaprabhasUri kI carcA kA varNana hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM mImAMsaka-mata ko prastuta karate hue yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki mImAMsaka sarvajJa ko nahIM mAnate haiN| unake anusAra, koI bhI puruSa sarvajJa nahIM hotA hai| veda anAdikAla se haiM, RSi-muni bhI veda ke dRSTA haiM, kintu racayitA nahIM haiN| veda apauruSeya hone ke kAraNa jJAnarUpa haiM aura isalie veda pramANa haiN| mImAMsaka ke mata kA virodha karate hue jaina-dArzanikoM ne mImAMsakoM ke samakSa yaha prazna uThAyA hai ki yadi veda zabdarUpa haiM, grantha haiM, kArya haiM tathA nitya haiM, to phira Apake grantha meM to maMtroM ke kartA ke nAma bhI to haiM, to phira veda apauruSeya kaise haA ? Apake pAsa kyA pramANa hai ki veda apauruSeya haiM? kyoMki vedoM ko na to pratyakSa-pramANa se jAnA jA sakatA hai aura na anumAna se| koI bhI pramANa aisA nahIM hai, jo siddha kara sake ki veda apauruSeya haiM, jabaki veda meM hiMsA kA bhI kathana hai| isa prakAra, ratnaprabha dvArA veda ke nityatva kA evaM apauruSeyatva kA khaNDana karane kI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| isake uparAnta, AptapuruSa ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karane ke pazcAt AptapuruSa ke vacana kA nirUpaNa karate hue yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki varNAtmaka, padAtmaka aura vAkyAtmaka jo zabda-racanA hotI hai, use vacana kahA jAtA hai| vacana ko varNa, pada, vAkya Adi pA~ca prakAra ke bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM prastuta karate hue Age kahA gayA hai ki jaina-dArzanika zabda ko paudgalika mAnate haiN| zabda bhASA-vargaNA ke pudagaloM se banate haiM, ataH, zabda pudagala kI paryAya haiM, isalie zabda paudgalika hote haiN| zabda ko nitya mAnane vAle mImAMsaka ke sAtha sarvaprathama carcA meM mImAMsaka apanA mata prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki zabda paudgalika nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki zabda to nitya hote haiN| varNoM kA nityatva siddha karane ke lie mImAMsaka tIna mata (pramANa) prastuta karate hue kahate haiM ki pratyabhijJA-pramANa, anumAna-pramANa aura arthApatti-pramANa- ina tInoM se zabda kI anityatA siddha nahIM ho sktii| jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabha mImAMsakoM kI samIkSA meM kahate haiM ki vyApti nahIM hotI hai| pratyabhijJA to anitya vastu kI bhI hotI hai| vyApti bhI anumAna ke AdhAra se siddha hotI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA hai / zabda kI nityatA na to pratyabhijJA se, na anumAna se aura na hI arthApatti- pramANa se siddha hotI hai, ataH, ApakA mata khaMDita ho jAtA hai / punaH, ratnaprabha kahate haiM ki Apa mImAMsaka zabda ko nitya pratyakSa ke AdhAra mAnate ho, kintu pratyakSa se to nitya aura anitya kA bhI bodha hotA hai / ratnaprabha zabda kI anityatA ko pudgala kI paryAya samajhakara siddha karate haiM, to mImAMsaka zabda ko jJAnarUpa mAnakara zabda kI nityatA siddha karate haiN| isa prakAra,, mImAMsakoM ne varNAdi kI nityatA ke pakSa meM apanA mata vistAra se prastuta kiyA hai| isa para jaina - dArzanika ratnaprabha ne bhI vistAra se apanI samIkSA prastuta kI hai| tatpazcAt, ratnaprabha naiyAyika kI samIkSA karate haiM, kyoMki naiyAyika zabda ko anitya bhale hI mAnate haiM, kintu ve zabda ko paudgalika na mAnakara apaudgalika mAnate haiN| vizeSa rUpa se, naiyAyika zabda ko AkAza kA guNa mAnate haiN| inakI samIkSA meM ratnaprabha kahate haiM ki Apa naiyAyika hamAre dvArA prastuta pA~ca anumAna yA pA~ca hetuoM meM se zabda ko apaudgalika siddha karane ke lie kaunasA anumAna prastuta kareMge ? ratnaprabha naiyAyika kI samIkSA ke anta meM kahate haiM ki zabda ko apaudgalika siddha karane ke lie jo pA~ca hetu pratipAdita kie haiM, ve hetu na hokara hetvAbhAsa haiM, ataH, apane pakSa ke samarthana meM, anta meM ratnaprabha naiyAyikoM se kahate haiM ki zabda (pakSa), paudgalika (sAdhya) indriyajanya pratyakSa kA viSaya hone se (hetu), rUpa- rasAdi ke jaise hI (udAharaNa), jo-jo indriyajanya pratyakSa kA viSaya hote haiM, ve ve paudgalika hI hote haiM, jaise ki rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-sparza Adi guNa, ye guNa jaise paudgalika hote haiM, vaise hI zabda bhI zrotrendriyajanya pratyakSa kA viSaya hone se paudgalika hI haiM, isalie zabda jo haiM, ve bhASA - vargaNA ke pudgaloM se banate haiM / isa prakAra,, ratnAkarAvatArikA ke cauthe pariccheda ke nauveM sUtra meM ratnaprabha dvArA mImAMsaka aura naiyAyika kI vistRta carcA milatI hai| tatpazcAt, pada aura vAkya kI saMkSipta vyAkhyA ke uparAnta yaha carcA prastuta kI gaI hai ki svAbhAvika - zakti aura saMketa dvArA zabda padArtha kA bodhaka hotA hai| naiyAyika jAti-saMbaMdha se vAcya - vAcakabhAva kI niyAmakatA svIkAra karate haiM / atIndriya-zakti ko bhI svIkAra na karane para ratnaprabha ne naiyAyikoM ke virodha meM likhA hai ki atIndriya-zakti ko mAneM binA vAcya vAcakabhAva ke niyamana kA hetu nahIM bana sakatA, isIlie zabda meM rahe hue arthabodha meM kAraNabhUta aisI atIndriya-zakti ko svIkAranA hI uttama hotA hai| aisA kahakara ratnaprabha ne ati vistAra se naiyAyikoM kI samIkSA kI hai / punaH, 61
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ratnaprabha ne naiyAyikoM dvArA mAnya abhAva kI samIkSA meM carcA kI hai ki bhAva aura abhAva - donoM sApekSa haiN| abhAva koI padArtha nahIM hai, abhAva kI sattA sirpha bhAva - sApekSa hai| isa taraha, naiyAyikoM ne apanA mata vistAra se prastuta kiyA hai, to ratnaprabha ne bhI vistAra se khaMDana kiyA hai| naiyAyika ke sAtha zabda - saMbaMdhI carcA ke uparAnta ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha - dArzanika evaM jaina- dArzanika ke madhya carcA hotI hai, jisameM bauddha apane mata kA pratipAdana karate hue likhate haiM ki zabda sAmAnya kA vAcaka nahIM ho sakatA / zabda meM vAcaka kA sAmarthya hote hue bhI vaha vastutaH anya kA apoha kara detA hai / kevala sAmAnya hamAre mana kI kalpanA hai ! jo bhI hai, vaha vizeSa hai, jo vizeSa hai, vaha bhI kSaNika hai, to vaha kisako vAcya banAegA / vAcyatva to kevala anya kA apoha kara detA hai / bauddha apanI carcA meM Age kahate haiM ki kisako sAmAnya aura vizeSa kA vAcaka banAe~ ? gAya zabda bolane mAtra se hamAre mastiSka meM usakA eka AkAra banatA hai, vaha bhI anya ko apoha kara detA hai| sAmAnya aura vizeSa paraspara virodhI haiM, isalie zabda na sAmAnya kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai, na hI vizeSa kaa| bauddhoM kA mata to yahI hai ki anya vikalpoM kA niSedha karake kisI eka vikalpa para sthira ho jAnA - yahI apohavAda hai, arthAt zabda kA artha ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai tathA zabda aura artha meM na to kArya-kAraNa sambandha aura na vAcya - vAcaka kA saMbaMdha / isa prakAra, bauddhoM ne apane mata kI puSTi kI hai, to ratnaprabha bhI vistAra se bauddhamata kI samIkSA karate hue apanA mata prastuta kiyA hai ki pratyeka vastu sAmAnya - vizeSAtmaka hotI hai, kyoMki zabda sAmAnya ko vizeSa banA letA hai tathA vizeSa ko sAmAnya banA letA hai / bauddhoM kI samIkSA meM ratnaprabha ne yaha bhI carcA kI hai ki vikalpa ko bhI utpanna karane kI zakti to zabda meM hI rahI huI hai, ataH, ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM ke pramukha siddhAnta apohavAda kI samIkSA kI carcA milatI hai| isake pazcAt, zabda meM hI artha-bodha karAne kI zakti rahI huI hai- aisA mAnane vAle mImAMsaka - mata kI samIkSA meM ratnaprabha ne likhA hai ki zabda meM artha-bodha karAne kI zakti rahI ho, vaha vyakti ke guNa-doSa para nirbhara hai, aisI saMkSipta carcA kI gaI hai / tatpazcAt, zabda vidhi aura niSedha dvArA apane vAcyArtha kA pratipAdana karatA huA kisa prakAra saptabhaMgI ke rUpa meM pravRtta hotA hai, isakI vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| saptabhaMgI se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki padArtha meM koI bhI dharma kisa prakAra se rahA huA hai / saptabhaMgI isa prakAra, se banatI hai- 1. syAt asti ghaTaH-ghaTa kathaMcit hai, arthAt svadravya, svakSetra, svakAla aura svabhAva 62
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI apekSA se ghaTa hai| 2. syAt nAsti ghaTa-ghaTa kathaMcit nahIM hai, arthAt ghaTa meM svadravyAdi se nAstitva hai| yahA~ niSedha kI vivakSA kI gaI hai| dvitIya bhaMga meM advaitavAdI kI ora se zaMkA uThAkara usakI samIkSA ratnaprabha dvArA kI jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| 3. syAt asti nAsti ghaTa-ghaTa svadravya kI apekSA se bhI ghaTa hai tathA paradravya kI apekSA se bhI ghaTa hai| 4. syAt avaktavyo ghaTa-ghaTa kathaMcit avaktavya hai- ghaTa ke bAre meM vidhi aura niSedha ko eka sAtha batAne ke lie koI zabda na hone se ghaTa ko avaktavya kahA jAtA hai| 5. kevala vidhi aura niSedha, eka sAtha vidhi-niSedha kI vivakSA karane se ghaTa hai aura avaktavya hai, yaha pA~cavA~ bhaMga banatA hai| 6. kevala niSedha aura eka sAtha vidhi-niSedha, donoM kI vivakSA se ghaTa nahIM hai aura avaktavya hai, yaha chaThavAM bhaMga hai aura 7. donoM kI eka sAtha vidhi-niSedha tathA donoM kI vivakSA se ghaTa nahIM haiM aura avaktavya hai, yaha sAtavA~ bhaMga hai| isa prakAra, sarvaprathama saptabhaMgI ke svarUpa kI saMkSipta carcA karane ke pazcAt saptabhaMgI ke ekAntavAdiyoM kA nirasana karane kI carcA ke pazcAt yaha bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai ki ziSya ke hRdaya meM sAta prakAra kI hI jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai, ataH, bhaMga bhI sAta hote haiM tathA yaha saptabhaMgI pratyeka bhaMga meM do prakAra kI hotI hai- 1. sakalAdeza svabhAvavAlI aura 2. vikalAdeza svbhaavvaalii| sakalAdeza ke aMtargata kAla Adi ATha bheda batAe gae haiM- 1. kAla 2. AtmarUpa 3. artha 4. saMbaMdha 5. upakAra 6. guNIdeza 7. saMsarga aura 8. zabda / sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza kI carcA meM yaha ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki sakalAdeza vastu ke anantadharmAtmaka pakSa ko grahaNa karatA hai, jabaki anantadharmAtmaka-pakSa meM se kisI eka pakSa ko grahaNa karanA, arthAt eka pakSa kI carcA karanA vikalAdeza hai| sakalAdeza meM dravyArthika-naya kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura vikalAdeza meM paryAyArthika-naya kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| isa prakAra, isakI vistRta carcA ke uparAnta caturtha pariccheda ke antima do sUtroM meM pramANa ke pratiniyata viSaya kI carcA karate hue likhA hai ki pratyakSa aura parokSa- donoM prakAra kA pramANa apanA-apanA AvaraNa karane vAle kamoM ke kSayopazamarUpa zakti se niyata-niyata padArtha ko prakAzita karatA hai| pramANa vastu ko do ke mAdhyama se jAnatA hai- 1. tadutpatti aura 2. tdaakaartaa| ratnaprabhasUri dvArA tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA ke saMbaMdha meM anya dArzanika-matoM kI samIkSA kI jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| 36 dekheM - pramANanayatattvAloka, caturtha pariccheda
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA 5. caturtha pariccheda meM pramANa kA svarUpa, pramANa kI saMkhyA tathA tatsaMbaMdhI prasaMgAnusAra anya dArzanika - matoM ke anyAnya - saMbaMdha kI samIkSA kI vistRta carcA karane ke uparAnta pramANa se jAnane yogya jo jJeya padArtha hai, usa prameya viSaya kI carcA paMcama pariccheda meM ratnaprabha dvArA kI gaI hai| prathama sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM sarvaprathama yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki jJeya-padArtha viSaya kahalAtA hai aura usa padArtha ko batAne vAlA jo jJAna hai, vaha viSayI kahalAtA hai / yahA~ yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki pramANAtmaka - jJAna kA jo viSaya hai, vaha viSaya kaisA hai ? kitane dharmavAlA hai ? kauna - kaunase dharma vAlA hai ? vaha dharma paraspara kaisA hai ? isake samAdhAna kI carcA meM yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki prathama sUtra meM jo 'Adi' zabda hai, usa Adi zabda se asti- nAsti, nitya-anitya, bhinna- abhinna, vAcya - avAcya, abhilApya - anabhilApya, eka-aneka, sat - asat, sAmAnya - vizeSa - isa prakAra se vastu ananta - dharmAtmaka hotI hai aura vaha ananta-dharmAtmaka vastu (padArtha) hI jJAna kA viSaya (prameya) banatA hai / tatpazcAt granthakarttA sAmAnya aura vizeSa - aisI ubhayadharmAtmaka vastu ko jJAna kA viSaya (prameya) batAkara, kevala sAmAnya dharmavAlI vastu hI prameya hai - aisA mAnane vAle vedAnta aura mImAMsaka - darzana (advaitavAda) ke khaNDana hone kI carcA, mAtra vizeSa dharmavAlI vastu hI prameya hai- aisA mAnane vAle bauddha-darzana (kSaNikavAda) ke khaNDana kI carcA tathA svataMtra rUpa se (ekAnta - bhinnatva) rahe hue sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko mAnane vAle naiyAyika aura vaizeSika (svataMtra sAmAnya - vizeSAdika) ke bhI khaMDana kI carcA hai| jJAna kA viSayabhUta pratyeka padArtha sAmAnya aura vizeSa- aisA ubhayAtmaka hI hai, jisase kevala - sAmAnya, kevala - vizeSa athavA svataMtra - ubhayadharma meM pramANa kA viSaya bhI svataH khaNDita ho jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| naiyAyikoM ne apanI-apanI vistRta vyAkhyA meM jainadarzana kI samAlocanA meM yaha carcA kI hai ki sAmAnya aura vizeSa- sabakI alaga-alaga svataMtra - sattA hai| sAmAnya sarvagata hai aura vizeSa vyaktigata | sAmAnya samaSTi meM hai tathA vizeSa vyaSTi meM hai| naiyAyika-mata kI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabha dvArA yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki vastu sAmAnya aura vizeSAtmaka- donoM hI hai| jo sAmAnya hai, vahI vizeSa hai, jo vizeSa hai, vahI sAmAnya hai| sAmAnya aura vizeSa - donoM hI vastu ke guNa-dharma haiM, arthAt vastu meM paraspara virodhI guNadharma rahe hue haiM, isalie vastu ko aneka dharmoM kA samUha kahA gayA hai| jaise AtmA (nitya) aura zarIra (anitya)- ye paraspara virodhI hote hue bhI sAtha-sAtha raha sakate haiM, usI prakAra ke 64
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 65 AdhAra para ratnaprabha ne vividha tarkoM ke mAdhyama se naiyAyika mata kI vistRta rUpa meM carcA kI hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra, vastu sAmAnya, vizeSa Adi aneka dharmoM kA samUha mAnane kI carcA ke sAtha hI ratnaprabha dvArA sAmAnya aura vizeSa- donoM ko svIkArane kI carcA kI gaI hai| prastuta grantha meM sAmAnya ko do prakAra se prarUpita kiyA gayA hai - 1. tiryaka- sAmAnya aura 2. UrdhvatA-sAmAnya, arthAt anuvRttAkAra-tiryaka-sAmAnya aura anugtaakaar-uurdhvtaasaamaany| tatpazcAt, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ratnaprabha ke samakSa apane mata kI carcA meM kahate haiM ki anugatAkAra (sadazAkAra) kA jo bodha hotA hai, vaha bodha sAmAnya kA bodha nahIM, apita anyavyAvRtti mAnane kI carcA hai| sadRza-pariNAma ko darzAnevAlI sAmAnya nAma kI koI vastu nahIM haiN| anya kI vyAvRtti karanA hI sAmAnya hai| punaH, bauddha-dArzanika anugatAkAratA kA bodha anya-vyAvRtti Adi kisI bhI kAraNa se na hokara mAtra vAsanA (saMskAra) se, arthAt mAnasika-saMkalpanA se ho jAne kI carcA ke sAtha bAhyArtha kI sattA ko bhI nahIM mAnate haiN| tathAbhUta-pratyaya vAsanA kA jJAna karAtA hai| nimitta-kAraNa ke dvArA vAsanA tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatI hai| punaH, bauddhoM dvArA yaha bhI carcA milatI hai ki cAhe samAna AkAra vAle hoM, cAhe asamAna AkAra vAle, sabhI padArthoM meM pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha hone ke kAraNa sadRza-pariNAmatA kA bodha hotA hai| usI pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha se visadRzatA kA bhI bodha hotA hai| ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM para AkSepa uThAte hue yaha carcA kI gaI hai yadi Apa sAmAnya ko nahIM mAneMge, to sAmAnya kI vyAvRtti kaise kareMge ? anya kI vyAvRtti to hama jaina bhI karate haiN| yadi Apa vyakti-vizeSa meM bhinna-bhinna vyAvRtti kareMge, to kyA ve vyAvRttiyA~ eka haiM ? yA aneka haiM ? sabakI vyAvRttiyA~ bhinna-bhinna hoMgI? yA abhinna hoMgI ? Apa bauddha to vyAvRtti ko antarAtmaka-vyAvRtti antargata bhI nahIM mAnate haiM aura bAhyAtmaka-vyAvRtti bhI nahIM mAnate haiN| punaH, ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM ke viruddha yaha prazna uThAyA gayA ki Apa vastu ke svarUpa ko nizcita karane ke lie anya kI vyAvRtti karate haiM, to vaha anya kI vyAvRtti kyA hai ? usakA AdhAra kyA hai ? kyA vaha vastu hai ? yA avastu hai ? inakI samIkSA meM ratnaprabha kahate haiM- Apane to sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra kara liyA hai, kyoMki vastu ke svarUpa meM kathaMcita-vidhAna bhI hai tathA kathaMcita-niSedha bhI hai| punaH, ratnaprabha samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi Apa anugatAkAratA ke bodha ko anya-vyAvRtti mAnakara use mAnasika-saMkalpanA (vAsanA) hI mAnate haiM, kintu hamArI
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________________ 66 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA mAnasika-saMkalpanA kA AdhAra to sattAtmaka-padArtha hI hai| yahA~ ratnaprabha dvArA bAhyArtha ko svIkAra kie jAne kI carcA hai| vAsanAjanya-jJAna meM bhI kahIM na kahIM bAhyArtha kA yathArtha bodha hotA hai| tatpazcAt, yadi anugatAkAratA (sAmAnya) kA bodha vAsanAjanya hI hai, to ratnaprabha dvArA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai ki kyA yaha vAsanA kisI padArtha ko viSaya banAkara tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatI hai ? kiMvA nimittakAraNa se tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatI hai ? ratnaprabha dvArA kI gaI samIkSA meM yaha carcA hai ki vAsanA aura sAmAnya meM koI antara nahIM hai| cUMki padArtha meM rahA huA sAmAnya hI tathAbhUta-jJAna ko utpanna karatA hai, ataH, bAhyArtha ko svIkAra kie binA koI bhI padArtha vAsanAjanya nahIM ho sakatA, isalie vAsanA sAmAnya se pRthak nahIM hone se Apa bauddhoM ko sAmAnya kI sattA svIkAra kie jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| punaH, nimitta kAraNa se bhI tathAbhUta-pratyaya utpanna nahIM hone kI carcA kI gaI hai| punaH, ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhamata ke anusAra anya kI vyAvRtti asamAna AkAra vAle padArtha meM hone se vizeSa bana jAegI tathA samAna AkAra vAle meM hone se sAmAnya ho jAegI, ataH, sadRzapariNAmatvarUp sAmAnya ko to svIkAra karanA hI hogA, isakI carcA kI gaI hai| punaH, ratnaprabha dvArA pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha kI samIkSA meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki Apa bauddhoM kA jo maMtavya hai ki jisa pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha se sadRza-pariNAma kA bodha hotA hai, usI prakAra visadRzatA kA bhI bodha hotA hai, cAhe samAna AkAra vAle hoM yA asamAna-AkAra vAle, sabhI padArthoM meM sadRzapariNAmatA kA bodha hotA hai| phalataH, bauddhoM dvArA saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu, cAhe vaha jar3a ho, cAhe vaha cetana, sabhI meM ekarUpatA mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| ratnaprabha bauddhoM ke virodha meM samIkSA karate haiM ki pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha meM to sadRzatA evaM visadazatA- donoM dharma mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai, varanA na to Apake mata kI siddhi hotI hai, na hI jainamata kI, apitu eka tIsare hI mata advaitavAda kI puSTi hotI hai, kyoMki advaitavAda ke anusAra saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu, cAhe vaha jar3a ho, cAhe cetana, sabako brahmasvarUpa mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai, unake anusAra brahma hI sat hai, brahma ke atirikta padArtha nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai, ataH, ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke pakSa ko hI siddha karatI hai| ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM ko advaitavAdiyoM ke samAna batAe jAne para bauddha-dArzanika dvArA ratnaprabha para yaha Akroza vyakta kie jAne kI carcA hai ki Apake dvArA hamAre mata
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA ko brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke samAna batAnA samucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jaba jar3a-cetana rUpa padArthoM se bhinna 'brahma' nAma kA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai, taba aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI padArtha vAstavika nahIM haiM ? vizeSa ke pakSadhara bauddha-mata kA khaNDana karate hue ratnaprabha dvArA yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki jisa prakAra brahmAdvaitavAda ke khaNDana meM Apa bauddhoM ne jo yaha tarka diyA ki brahma nAma kI koI vastu nahIM haiM, usI prakAra Apake virodha meM sadRzapariNAmarUpa -- sAmAnya ke binA bhI saMsAra meM svalakSaNa nAma kA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai / punaH, padArtha sarvaprathama sAmAnya rUpa meM hI jAnA jAtA hai, tathA saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha ko zUnyarUpa mAnane para to vizeSa ko bhI zUnyarUpa hI mAnanA hogA, ataH, vizeSa kI svataMtra sattA kaise siddha hogI, aisI bauddha-mata kI samIkSA ratnaprabha dvArA kI jAne kI carcA milatI hai / bauddhamata dvArA punaH pratyeka padArtha ko pratikSaNa parivartanazIla mAne jAne kI carcA hai, pratikSaNa badalatI naI paryAya vizeSa rUpa meM hI lakSita hone kI carcA hai, ataH, visadRzAkAratA hI padArtha kA yathArtha - lakSaNa mAne jAne kI carcA aura atyanta bhinna padArthoM meM 'sadRzapariNAmatA' (sAmAnya) ko nahIM mAne jAne kI bauddha-mata kI carcA kI gaI hai / punaH, bauddhamata kI samIkSA meM ratnaprabha dvArA padArtha kI sAmAnya - vizeSAtmaka arthAt ubhayAtmaka mAne jAne kI carcA hai| kyoMki pratyeka padArtha meM kathaMcit-bhinnatA bhI hai tathA kathaMcit- samAnatA bhI phalataH ratnaprabha dvArA pratyeka padArtha meM sAmAnya (sadRzapariNAmatA) aura vizeSa (visadRzapariNAmatA ) -- donoM hI saMbhava hone kI carcA ke sAtha hI ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM ko sAmAnya aura bAhyArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra kie jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA ke paMcama pariccheda meM sAmAnya ke do bhedoM kI carcA hai- tiryak - sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA - sAmAnya / tiryak - sAmAnya kI carcA pUrva meM kI jA cukI hai| pUrva paryAya aura uttaraparyAya meM, arthAt tInoM kAla meM dravya ke eka hI avasthA meM apane sthAyitva - guNa meM rahane ko UrdhvatA - sAmAnya kahe jAne kI carcA hai / jJAtavya hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA meM jaina- darzana evaM bauddhadarzana meM dravya aura paryAya ko lekara jo matabheda haiM, usakI samIkSA kI jAne kI carcA hai / sarvaprathama, jaina- darzana dvArA pratyeka padArtha meM dravya aura paryAya- donoM tattvoM ke rahane kI carcA hai| pratyeka padArtha meM dravya kI dhauvyatA hai, to paryAyoM kA parivartana- guNa bhI rahA huA hai, arthAt paryAya ke kAraNa utpAda-vyaya-dharma ko bhI mAne jAne kI carcA hai, kintu bauddha - dArzanika dvArA dravya kI dhauvyatA ko nahIM mAne jAne kI bhI 67
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________________ 68 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA carcA hai, kyoMki unake dvArA utpAda aura vyaya ko hI mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki bauddhoM dvArA padArtha meM sthAyitva-guNa (dravya) ko svIkAra nahIM kie jAne kI carcA hai, ataH, UrdhvatAsAmAnya bauddhadarzana dvArA svIkArya nahIM hai| pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM bauddha-dArzanika dvArA ratnaprabha ke samakSa apane pakSa kI puSTi kie jAne kI carcA hai ki pratyeka padArtha kSaNika hai tathA kSaNika padArtha sat bhI hote haiM aura unameM arthakriyAkAritva kA guNa bhI mAne jAne kI carcA ke sAtha hI bauddhoM dvArA zabda ko bhI kSaNika mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| punaH, bauddha apane mata kI puSTi meM yaha carcA karate haiM ki arthakriyA kA honA hI sattA kA svalakSaNa hai aura vahI padArtha kI sattA hai| ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM kI samIkSA meM yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki Aya bauddhoM kA arthakriyAkAritvarUpa jo hetu hai, vaha to anekAntikahetvAbhAsa se yukta hai, kyoMki arthakriyAkAritva to nitya-padArthoM meM evaM anitya-padArthoM meM (kSaNika) bhI hotA hai| punaH, bauddhoM se ratnaprabha dvArA yaha prazna uThAe jAne kI carcA hai ki jise Apa bauddha arthakriyA kahate haiM, vaha arthakriyA krama se hotI hai ? yA akrama se hotI hai ? yA kramAkrama se hotI hai ? isakI saMkSipta vyAkhyA karate hue ratnaprabha dvArA yaha carcA hai ki tInoM kAloM meM kSaNika padArtha arthakriyA karane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai| nitya-padArtha hI tInoM kAloM meM arthakriyA karane meM samartha hotA hai| jainamata kA khaNDana karate hue bauddhoM dvArA ratnaprabha ke samakSa yaha prazna uThAe jAne kA ullekha hai ki padArtha apekSita sahakArI-kAraNoM ke hone para hI arthakriyA karatA hai ? yA apekSita sahakArI-kAraNoM ke na hone para arthakriyA nahIM karatA hai ? punaH, bauddhoM dvArA prazna uThAe jAne kI carcA kI hai ki kyA Apa jaina 1. padArtha ko svayaM ke svarUpa kI prApti karane ke lie sahakArI-kAraNoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA mAnate haiM? yA 2. koI upakAra karane ke lie sahakArI-kAraNoM kI apekSA mAnate haiM ? yA 3. kArya karane ke lie sahakArI-kAraNoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA mAnate haiM ? isa prakAra, bauddha apane mata kI puSTi meM ratnaprabha ke samakSa yaha carcA karate haiM ki padArtha cAhe kArya karane meM samartha ho yA na bhI ho- donoM avasthAoM meM sahakArI-kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| punaH, bauddhoM dvArA jaina-mata ke virodha meM ratnaprabha ke samakSa yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki padArtha ko arthakriyA meM nimittakAraNa yA upAdAnakAraNarUpa sahakArI-kAraNoM ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| padArtha se utpanna hone vAlA kArya to parataMtra hai, svataMtra nahIM hai| isake uparAnta punaH, bauddha-dArzanika dvArA ratnaprabha ke samakSa
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jaina-mata kI samIkSA meM apane pakSa ke samarthana meM, nitya-padArtha na to krama se, na akrama se, na yugapat se arthakriyA karane meM samartha hai, ataH, padArtha satva - lakSaNa se yukta hone se ve kSaNika arthAt parivartanazIla mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| aMta meM, bauddha- dArzanika ratnaprabha ke samakSa apane pakSa ke samarthana meM apane mata ko mAnane ke pakSa meM Agraha kie jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| bauddhoM dvArA uThAe gae samasta tarkoM kA khaNDana karate hue ratnaprabha dvArA carcA kI gaI hai ki pratikSaNa naSTa hone vAlA padArtha pratyakSa - pramANa kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki arthakriyAkAritva kA yathArtha-bodha kAraNa aura kArya- donoM se na hokara ubhayagrAhI jJAna se hI mAnA jaae| bauddhoM dvArA punaH kAraNa yA kArya meM se kisI bhI eka kI siddhi se donoM kI siddhi ho jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| ratnaprabha dvArA kAraNa yA kArya meM se kisI eka ke pratyakSa - jJAna se hI sat ke arthakriyAkAritva kA jJAna saMbhava nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai, sAtha hI kAraNa-kArya kA yugapat jJAna bhI bauddhoM dvArA kSaNika hone se pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| bauddha svapakSa ke saMbaMdha meM, kAraNa yA kArya, kisI bhI eka prakAra ke pratyakSa se mAnasika - vikalpa ke utpanna hone se arthakriyAkAritva ke nirNaya ho jAne kI carcA kI hai, arthAt pUrvakAla ke pratyakSa ke uttarakAla ke usI pratyakSa se ( vicAra - vizeSa se ) arthakriyAkAritva ke nirNaya kI carcA kI hai| isa para, ratnaprabhasUri bauddhamata kI samIkSA meM- padArtha kA jo pratyakSa - jJAna huA, vaha kAraNa kA, yA kArya kA, yA kAraNa aura kAryadonoM kA huA ? isa prakAra prazna uThAe jAne kI carcA ke uparAnta ratnaprabha dvArA apane mata kI puSTi meM na to kArya yA kAraNa meM se kisI eka ke grAhI vikalpa se hI arthakriyAkAritva kA nizcaya hotA hai, na kisI eka grAhI vikalpa se hI arthakriyAkAritva kA nizcaya hotA hai, apitu ubhayagrAhI pratyakSa se hI arthakriyAkAritva ke nizcaya ho jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| bauddhoM dvArA anekAntika- hetvAbhAsa ke do bheda batAe jAne kI carcA hai| ye bheda haiM- 1. saMdigdhAnekAntika- hetvAbhAsa aura 2. nizcitAnekAntikahetvAbhAsa | isa hetvAbhAsa kI siddhi ke lie bauddhoM dvArA yaha prazna uThAe jAne kI carcA ratnaprabha ne kI hai, sAtha hI kSaNika vastu meM kramAkrama nAmaka upAlaMbha kI carcA kI gaI hai| ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM kI samIkSA meM yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki eka kArya sampanna karake dUsarA kArya karanA hI krama hai| ekAnta-kSaNikavAda meM to krama nahIM banane kI carcA hai, kintu kSaNikAkSaNika meM to krama ke banane kI carcA kI hai / punaH ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM ko to 69
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________________ 70 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA padArtha ke kramAkrama se arthakriyA karane vAlA tathA nityAnitya hI mAne jAne kI carcA ke sAtha hI ekAntarUpa se padArtha ko kSaNika mAne jAne kI bauddhoM kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA kie jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| isake vipakSa meM bauddhoM dvArA jaba sampUrNarUpeNa kAraNa ke samartha hote hue bhI, arthAt jaba kAraNa se kArya utpanna hotA hai, to phira kArya ke utpanna hone meM vilamba kyoM banatA hai, jaise- aMkura ke utpanna hone meM vilamba kyoM hotA hai ? isa para jainoM ke samakSa tarka uThAe jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| ratnaprabha dvArA isa samAdhAna ke rUpa meM koI bhI padArtha binA vilaMba ke tatkAla hI kArya ke rUpa meM utpanna ho jAe- aisA ekAnta-siddhAnta jainoM dvArA nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| pratyeka padArtha meM dravya aura paryAya ubhayAtmaka-dharma rahe hue haiM, ataH, navIna paryAya ke utpanna hone meM sahakArI-nimitta-kAraNoM ke hone se hI paryAya navIna rUpa meM prakaTa hone kI sthiti banane kI carcA kI gaI hai| jisa padArtha meM utpanna hone (ugane) kI zakti naSTa ho cukI ho, use sahakArI-kAraNoM ke milane para bhI utpanna nahIM hone kI carcA kI gaI hai, sAtha hI dravya meM utpanna hone aura nahIM hone, arthAt akSepakriyA, kSepakriyA (vilaMba, avilaMba) ubhayAtmaka svabhAva vAlA batAe jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| isake pazcAt, bauddhoM dvArA jainoM ke samakSa yaha prazna uThAe jAne kI carcA hai- Apake anusAra kyA dravya meM rahI huI paryAya-zakti dravya se 1. bhinna hai ? yA 2. abhinna hai ? yA 3. bhinnAbhinna hai ? punaH, jaba sahakArI kAraNa se hI dravya kA utpanna honA mAnA jAe, to paryAya-zakti ko mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai tathA sahakArI-kAraNoM ko hI kArya kA hetu mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ? aisI carcA ke uparAnta punaH, yadi sahakArI-kAraNa dravya se bhinna ho, to sahakArI kAraNa ke mAnane se koI vizeSa lAbha bhI nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA hai| anta meM, bauddha carcA meM likhate haiM ki sahakArI kAraNoM ke binA bhI dravya (bIja) utpanna ho sakatA (uga sakatA) ho, tInoM lokoM ke samasta padArthoM ko bhI sahakArI-kAraNa bana jAnA cAhie aura isake sAtha hI sahakArI-kAraNa se dravya (bIja) ke ugane kI zakti ko mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| jainoM ne bauddhoM ke viSaya meM yaha carcA kI hai ki vizeSa-sahakArI-kAraNa ke hone para hI dravya (bIja) utpanna ho sakatA hai, dUsare, vizeSa-sahakArI-kAraNa bhI vizeSatA ke abhAva meM sahayogI kaise banegA ? arthAt, nahIM bnegaa| isa para, bauddha-dArzanika jainamata kI samIkSA karate hue ullekha karate haiM ki paryAya-zakti ko dravya se bhinna mAnane para usameM doSa utpanna hogaa| dUsare, abhinna mAnane para to
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 71 dravya meM hI paryAya ko mAnanA hogA, arthAt dravya ko kRtaka mAnanA hogA, ataH, dravya (padArtha) kRtaka hone ke kAraNa dravya yA padArtha ke kSaNika mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| tIsare, paryAya-zakti ko dravya se "bhinnAbhinna mAne to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, aisI bhI carcA bauddhoM dvArA kI gaI hai tathA yaha prazna uThAe jAne kI bhI carcA hai ki vastutaH Apake (jaina-mata ke) siddhAntAnusAra paryAya-zakti kyA hai ? bauddhoM dvArA ratnaprabha ke samakSa virodha meM tIna prazna uThAe jAne para ki 1. paryAya-zakti dravya se bhinna hai ? yA 2. abhinna hai ? yA 3. bhinnAbhinna hai ? isakI samIkSA meM ratnaprabha dvArA antima bhinnAbhinna pakSa ko svIkArane kI carcA hai, jisameM kisI bhI prakAra ke doSa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| ratnaprabha ne punaH yaha carcA bhI kI hai ki hama to dravyArthikanaya kI apekSA se padArtha ko nitya bhI mAnate haiM tathA paryAyArthikanaya kI apekSA se anitya bhI mAnate haiN| yahA~ para bauddhoM ke ekAnta-kSaNikavAda ke khaNDana kI carcA milatI hai| ratnaprabha kathaMcit-kSaNikatva ko to mAnate hI haiM, isa para bauddhoM dvArA yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki pratikSaNa badalane vAlI paryAya to kSaNika hI hogii| isa prakAra,, kathaMcit-kSaNika nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai aura dravya tathA paryAya meM virodha hone se to eka hI sthAna meM eka sAtha nahIM raha sakane kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabha dvArA paryAya ko bhI dravya se kathaMcit-bhinna aura kathaMcit-abhinna, arthAt ubhayAtmaka mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM kI samIkSA karate hue, pratyeka dravya ko paryAya kI apekSA se bhedarUpa aura dravya kI apekSA se abhedarUpa mAne jAne kI tathA apekSA-bheda se vidhi aura niSedha (prayoga-aprayoga) karane para koI virodha utpanna nahIM hone kI carcA ko eka udAharaNa ke mAdhyama se samajhAyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt, bheda kA kathana kisa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai aura abheda kA kathana kisa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai, isakI carcA kI gaI hai| ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM para AkSepa lagAe jAne kI carcA meM, yaha ullekha karate hue ki bauddha-dArzanikoM dvArA eka hI vijJAnakSaNa ko savikalpaka aura nirvikalpaka, bhrAnta aura abhrAnta, pUrvakSaNa kI apekSA se kAryarUpa aura uttarakSaNa kI apekSA se kAraNarUpa mAnakara, paraspara-virodhI ubhayAtmaka svarUpa ko svayaM bauddhoM dvArA svIkAra kie jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai, kintu bauddhoM dvArA mAne gae bhedAbheda meM paraspara virodha kahakara doSa dikhAe jAne kI carcA bhI kI gaI hai| isake sAtha hI, ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM ke arthakriyAkArI-siddhAMta meM saMdigdhAnekAntika-doSa siddha hone kI carcA kI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA gaI hai| punaH, ratnaprabha dvArA krama-akrama aura kramAkrama kise kahA jAtA hai, isakI carcA ke uparAMta bauddha-mata kI samIkSA meM bauddhoM ke ekAMta-kSaNikavAda meM na to dezakrama aura na hI kAlakrama saMbhava ho sakane kI carcA kI gaI hai tathA sAtha hI ratnaprabha dvArA yaha prazna uThAe jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai ki kisI eka deza athavA kAla meM rahA huA padArtha eka kriyA karake naSTa ho gayA ho, to punaH usI deza aura kAla meM kaunasI kriyA karegA ? arthAt bauddhoM ke ekAMta-kSaNikavAda meM krama nahIM banatA tathA akrama bhI nahIM banatA evaM yogapada arthAt kramAkrama bhI saMbhava nahIM mAnA gayA hai| isake pazcAt, ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM se yaha prazna uThAe jAne kI carcA hai ki padArtha, padArtha kA AkAra aura usakA jJAna- ye tInoM eka hI samaya meM kaise saMbhava hoMge ? arthAt 'rUpakSaNa aura 'jJAnakSaNa kA svabhAva eka hI hai yA bhinna-bhinna hai ? ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM ke virodha meM yaha bhI carcA kI gaI hai ki padArtha kSaNika aura anaMza-svarUpa vAlA nahIM ho sktaa| isa para bauddhoM dvArA yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki nimittakAraNabhUta sAmagrI se bhI bhinna-bhinna arthakriyA ke kArya hote haiM, arthAt nimitta-bheda se aneka kArya hote haiM, ataH, aisA bhinna-bhinna kathana karane meM kauna-sI bAdhA utpanna hotI hai ? bauddhoM ke vipakSa meM ratnaprabhasUri dvArA padArtha ko sApekSika rUpa se akSaNika (nitya) evaM eka-svabhAva vAlA mAne jAne kI carcA karate hue bauddhoM para yaha AkSepa lagAyA gayA hai ki unhoMne padArtha ko nitya mAnane vAle sAMkhya-mata ko bhI sadoSa batA diyA hai, jabaki sAMkhya bhI prakRti ko ekanitya evaM pariNAmI mAnate haiM evaM eka hI prakRti ko sAmagrI-bheda se bhinna kArya karane vAlI mAnate haiM, ataH, bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda meM krama yA akrama se hone vAlI arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hone se ApakA 'satva-hetu viruddhahetvAbhAsa se yukta siddha hotA hai| punaH, ratnaprabha dvArA padArtha ko sarvathA nirapekSa hokara utpanna nahIM hone kI carcA kI hai| usameM kahIM na kahIM kisI na kisI rUpa meM sApekSatA mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai| isake virodha meM bauddhoM dvArA punaH kSaNakSayI-padArtha nirapekSa hI hone kI carcA kI hai| unake dvArA kisI bhI vinAzaka-sAmagrI kI apekSA nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai| punaH, bauddhoM para ratnaprabha ne Apatti uThAte hue unake mata kI samIkSA karate hue yaha carcA prastuta kI hai ki bauddhoM kA hetu-pakSa meM, arthAt vastu ke vinAzazIla svabhAva yA kSaNika-ekAMta meM nahIM ho sakatA, ataH, bauddhoM kA hetu asiddhahetvAbhAsa nAmaka doSa se grasita haiN| apane mata kI puSTi karate hue bauddha-dArzanika unake dvArA die gae hetu ko asiddhahetvAbhAsa na
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA batAkara sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM nirdoSa mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai| punaH, bauddhoM dvArA zAstroM ke ullekha kI carcA karate hue jainoM se yaha prazna pUche jAne kI carcA hai ki ve padArtha ke vinazvara svabhAva ko mAneMge ? yA avinazvara svabhAva ko mAneMge ? kyoMki bauddhoM dvArA padArtha kA utpAda sahetuka haiM tathA unake nAza ko nirhetuka mAne jAne kI carcA hai| isake pazcAt, bauddhoM dvArA yaha prazna bhI pUche jAne kI carcA hai ki- nAza ke kAraNabhUta-sAmagrI Adi ghaTAdi padArtha se pRthaka-bhUta (bhinna) hai ? yA apRthak-bhUta hai ? bauddha ke mata ko khaNDita karate hue ratnaprabha carcA meM likhate haiM ki ghaTa kI utpatti ke lie to kAraNa-sAmagrI apekSita hai, kintu vinAza ke lie nahIM, jabaki vinAza vastu kA sahaja svabhAva hai| punaH, bauddha-dArzanika ratnaprabha ke samakSa yaha carcA karate hue prazna uThAte haiM ki yadi Apa jaina nAza ke kAraNabhUta mudgara Adi sAmagrI ko ghaTAdi padArtha se pRthakbhUta (bhinna) mAnate ho, to yaha batAie ki vaha sAmagrI ghaTAdi padArtha ke samakAlIna haiM ? yA uttarakAlIna hai ? antataH to bauddhoM dvArA jainoM ke pRthakbhUta ko ucita nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai| bauddhoM dvArA punaH jainoM para yaha AkSepa lagAe jAne kI carcA hai ki jaba ghaTa aura ghaTAbhAva meM paraspara-virodha hai, to "virodhI' kA tAtparya kyA hai ? 1. kyA ghaTAbhAva ghaTa kA nAzaka hai- aisA artha hai, athavA 2. yaha ghaTAbhAva ghaTa kA nAza hai ? kyA aisA artha hai ? Apa virodhI hone kA kyA artha mAnate ho? nAzaka yA nAza? isa prakAra, bauddhoM dvArA vistRta vyAkhyA meM apane mata kI puSTi evaM jainamata kI samIkSA kI carcA ke uparAnta punaH jainoM se yaha prazna pUche jAne kI carcA hai ki ghaTa aura nAza- ina donoM meM kisa prakAra kA saMbaMdha hai- kyA unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kA saMbaMdha hai ? yA 2. saMyoga-saMbaMdha hai yA 3. vizeSya-rUpa saMbaMdha hai yA 4. aviSvakabhAva, arthAt abhedarUpa-saMbaMdha hai ? cauthe abhedarUpa saMbaMdha meM phira bauddhoM dvArA yaha carcA uThAI gaI hai ki Apa jaina kadAcit abheda-saMbaMdha mAno, to kaunasA abheda-saMbaMdha mAnoge ? antataH, bauddhoM ne apane mata kI puSTi meM apane siddhAMta ko hI upayukta batAkara vistRta vyAkhyA karate hue apane pUrvapakSa ke uttarapakSa ke samAna hone kI carcA milatI hai| bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kI vistRta samIkSA kI carcA ke uparAnta jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri jainoM ke uttara-pakSa ke rUpa meM ratnAkarAvatArikA ke paMcama pariccheda meM bauddhoM kI samIkSA meM carcA kI hai ki jaba padArtha kI utpatti sahakArI kAraNoM se hotI hai, to vinAza bhI kinhIM sahakArI-kAraNoM se hI hogA, ataH, yahA~ para
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bauddhoM ke ekAntarUpa se mAtra vinAza ke hI pakSadhara hone kA ratnaprabha dvArA khaNDana kI carcA kI gaI hai| punaH, ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM se yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki- yadi Apa padArtha kI utpatti ko sahetuka mAnate ho, to bauddhoM se yaha batAne kA Agraha kie jAne kI carcA hai ki hetubhUta kAraNoM se miTTI meM se utpanna hone vAlA ghaTa kyA satsvabhAva vAlA hai ? kyA miTTI Adi upAdAna-kAraNa meM avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna ghaTAdi padArthoM kI utpatti meM sahakArI-kAraNa-sAmagrI utpAdaka banatI hai ? yA miTTI Adi upAdAna-kAraNa-sAmagrI meM avidyamAna (avyakta) svabhAva vAle ghaTAdi padArthoM kI utpatti meM nimittabhUta-kAraNa-sAmagrI utpAdaka banatI hai ? asatakArya kI utpatti ko sambhava nahIM mAnane vAle bauddhoM ke samakSa jainoM dvArA yaha carcA kI gaI hai ki - Apa bauddhoM ko to naiyAyikoM aura vaizeSikoM kA asatakAryavAda mAnya nahIM hai, kyoMki Apa bauddha to satkAryavAdI ho, ataH, Apa bauddhoM dvArA asatsvabhAva ko svIkAra kie jAne para to Apa bauddhoM kA hI zUnyavAda meM virodha utpanna ho jAegA tathA svayaM ke kathana se svayaM kA siddhAnta hI khaNDita ho jAegA, aisI ratnaprabha dvArA carcA kI gaI hai| ekAnta-nazvara-svabhAva vAle aura ekAnta-anazvara-svabhAva vAle- donoM padArthoM meM hI apekSA-bheda se nAza (vyaya) mAne jAne kI, arthAt utpAda aura nAza- donoM- meM kAraNa-sAmagrI mAne jAne kI carcA ratnaprabha dvArA kI gaI hai, kintu nAzavAna padArtha ke nAza hetu kAraNabhUta-sAmagrI ke Avazyaka nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra, jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabha dvArA padArtha meM ekAnta-anityatA evaM ekAnta-nityatA ko nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa para, bauddhoM dvArA nAza meM sat asat- donoM pakSa ko mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| bauddhoM dvArA jainoM para yaha AkSepa lagAyA jAtA hai ki Apa jaina hama bauddhoM para ekAnta-kSaNikavAdI hone kA doSAropaNa karate haiM, kintu hama bauddha bhI Apa jainoM para utpAda ke saMbaMdha meM ahetukavAdI hone kA aisA hI doSa lagA sakate haiM, jabaki Apa jaina to utpatti aura nAza- donoM ko hI sahetuka hI mAnate haiN| isa para, ratnaprabha bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki jaba Apa utpAda ko sahetuka mAnate ho, to yaha utpAda apane ghaTAdi kArya se bhinna hai ? yA abhinna hai ? ratnaprabha kA kahanA hai ki prakriyA aura pariNAma ko ekAntarUpa se na to bhinna kahA jA sakatA hai aura na abhinna kahA jA sakatA hai| punaH, ratnaprabha ne kArya aura kAraNa meM ekAnta-apRthakabhUta-pakSa yA abhedapakSa ko bhI ucita nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai| isa prakAra,
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA ___75 vistRta carcA karane ke uparAnta ratnaprabha dvArA bauddho ke samakSa yaha Apatti uThAI gaI hai ki jisa prakAra Apa bauddhoM ne hama jainoM para nAza ke saMbaMdha meM cAra prazna upasthita kie the, usI prakAra hama jainoM dvArA bhI utpAda ko sahetuka mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM vahI uparyukta cAra prazna pUche jA sakate haiM kiutpAda aura ghaTa meM Apa bauddha kaunasA saMbaMdha mAneMge ? ___ 1. kyA kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha mAneMge ? 2. saMyoga-sambandha mAneMge ? 3. vizeSya-vizeSaNa-saMbaMdha mAneMge ? athavA 4. aviSvakabhAva-saMbaMdha mAneMge ? anta meM, ratnaprabha dvArA kSaNikavAda kA upasaMhAra karate hue donoM pakSoM ke samakSa padArtha ke vAstavika svarUpa kA varNana kie jAne kI carcA meM likhA gayA hai ki padArtha meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya apekSA-bheda se kisa prakAra se rahe hue haiM, yaha spaSTa ho jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| uparokta carcA ke sAra ko nimna prakAra se spaSTa kie jAne kI carcA meM ratnaprabha dvArA padArtha kI utpatti aura nAza ko nimittabhUta-kAraNa-sAmagrI bhinna-bhinna mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| ratnaprabha dvArA dravya aura paryAya meM ekAnta-bhinnatA yA ekAnta-abhinnatA na mAnate hue kathaMcit-bhinnatA evaM kathaMcit-abhinnatA, isa prakAra, tAdAtmya mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| punaH, bauddhoM dvArA kie gae tarkoM kI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabha dvArA miTTI kI piMDarUpa paryAya meM, ghaTa-paryAya meM evaM ghaTa ke nAzarUpa kapAla ke paryAya meM, arthAt tInoM hI paryAya mRttikA-dravya kI dhrauvyatA nizcita rUpa se raha jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai, arthAt ghaTa aura ghaTa ke nAza meM bhI dravya kI tAdAtmyatA ke kAraNa kathaMcit-bheda hI mAne jAne kI carcA, kintu ekAntabheda nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| punaH, ratnaprabha dvArA ghaTa ke astitva aura ghaTa ke vinAza meM dravya kI apekSA se kathaMcit-abheda bhI hai aura paryAya kI apekSA se kathaMcit-bheda bhI hai, isa prakAra, mahatvapUrNa mAnyatA kI carcA kI gaI hai aura isameM kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha bauddhoM dvArA uThAyA jAnA ucita nahIM hai, aisI carcA bhI ratnaprabha dvArA kI gaI hai| anta meM, upasaMhAra karate hue ratnaprabha dvArA saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM ko pUrva aura uttarakAla meM kramavartI-paryAyoM se yukta rahane ke kAraNa usameM utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvyatva-tInoM hI dharma ko mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai, ataH, padArtha ko sAmAnya-rUpa aura vizeSa rUpa- donoM hI mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA tiryak - sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA - sAmAnya- ina do prakAra ke sAmAnya kI carcA ke uparAnta graMthakarttA zrI ratnaprabhasUri vizeSa ke do prakAra guNa aura paryAya kI carcA prAraMbha karate hai / paryAya zabda ko kahIM para sarvavizeSa kA vAcaka mAnA jAtA hai, phira bhI yahA~ para paryAya zabda ke sAtha guNa zabda kA vidhAna kie jAne para mAtra kramavartI - vizeSa - paryAya ko hI vAcaka ke samAna grahaNa kie jAne kI carcA hai / guNa aura paryAya, vizeSa ke ina do bhedoM meM se sarvaprathama guNa ko hI samajhAne kI carcA kI hai| yahA~ para AtmA meM rahI huI vijJAna- vyakti aura vijJAna - zakti ko guNa kahe jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| yahA~ para yaha prazna uThAe jAne kI carcA hai ki sukha-duHkha parispandana sadAkAla sahabhAvI na hone ke kAraNa ina tInoM ko guNa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? kI carcA kI gaI hai| isake uparAnta, AThaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM AtmA ke sAtha sahabhAvI rUpa se rahe hue dharma ko guNa kahe jAne kI tathA kramabhAvI - rUpa se rahe hue dharma ko paryAya kahe jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| tatpazcAt, praznakarttA dvArA prazna uThAe jAne kI carcA hai ki jo guNa hai, vahI paryAya hai tathA jo paryAya hai, vahI guNa hai, to guNa aura paryAya kI bhinnatA ko kisa prakAra se samajhe jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai ? samAdhAna ke rUpa meM ratnaprabha dvArA jJAna - traikAlika hone se guNa aura usakI mAtrA ekakAlIna hone se paryAya hAne kI carcA kI gaI hai tathA dharmI kI apekSA se abhedarUpa aura svarUpa kI apekSA se bhedarUpa kI carcA kI gaI hai| 76 prastuta - grantha ke paMcama pariccheda meM sarvaprathama to vizeSa ke prakAroM kI carcA karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vizeSa do prakAra kA hotA haiguNarUpa aura paryAyarUpa / isameM vastu ke jo sahabhAvI dharma hote haiM, unako guNa kahA jAtA hai aura jo kramabhAvI dharma hote haiM, unako paryAya kahA jAtA hai| isI prasaMga meM jahA~ nyAya-vaizeSikadarzana guNa ko dravya se sarvathA bheda mAnatA hai, vahIM bauddhadarzana guNa aura paryAya ko padArtha se abhinna mAnatA hai, ataH, isa prakaraNa meM jainAcAryoM ne nyAya-vaizeSika darzana aura bauddhadarzana kI samIkSA karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki guNa aura paryAya kA padArtha se na to sarvathA - bheda hai aura na sarvathA - abheda hai, apitu ve na to ekAntarUpa se bhinna haiM aura na abhinna haiM / ataH ratnaprabhasUri ne isa prasaMga meM naiyAyikoM aura bauddhoM donoM kI samIkSA kI hai| naiyAyikoM kI samIkSA karate hue ve likhate haiM ki dharma aura dharmI na to ekAntarUpa se bhinna ho sakate haiM aura na abhinna ho sakate haiN| padArthoM kI paryAyeM hI bhUtakAla kI paryAyoM kI apekSA se padArtha se bhinna hotI haiN| jaise ghaTa kAla meM pUrvakAla kI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 77 mRttikA-piMDa-rUpa-paryAya bhinna hotI hai, kintu vartamAnakAlIna ghaTarUpa-paryAya abhinna bhI hotI hai| dharmI jo nitya-padArtha hai, vaha apane sahakArI-kAraNoM ke sAtha milakara hI kArya karatA hai| ye sahakArI guNa padArtha ke svabhAvarUpa hI hote haiM aura padArtha kA svabhAva padArtha se bhinna hotA haiM, ataH, svabhAva-dharma kI apekSA se dharma aura dharmI abhinna hote haiM, to kAlakrama meM hone vAle vividha paryAyoM kI apekSA se ve kaMthacit-bhinna aura kaMthacit-abhinna bhI hote haiN| ata:, padArtha kA guNa aura paryAyoM se ekAnta-bhinnatA kA naiyAyikoM kA siddhAMta samucita nahIM hai| isa tathya kI siddhi ratnAkarAvatArikA ke prastuta paMcama pariccheda meM kI gaI hai| isake Age ratnaprabhasari ne apanI TIkA meM bauddhoM ke guNa aura paryAya ke ekAnta-abhinnatA ke siddhAMta kI samIkSA kI hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki yadi padArtha kSaNika hai, to pratyeka kAla meM cAhe usakI guNa aura paryAya abhinna ho, kintu aise kSaNika padArtha meM padArtha ke bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM guNa-dharma bhI bhinna-bhinna hoMge aura aisI sthiti meM padArtha meM vibhinna kAloM meM ekatva kI kalpanA nirarthaka hogii| isI AdhAra para ratnaprabhasUri ne Age bauddhoM ke siddhAMta kI samIkSA kI hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki bauddhoM kA yaha siddhAMta samucita nahIM hai| unhoMne vistAra se isakI samIkSA nimna rUpa se kI hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA ke paMcama pariccheda meM vizeSa ke do prakAra kI carcA meM guNa ko dravya kA sahabhAvI-dharma tathA paryAya ko dravya kA kramabhAvI dharma mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| naiyAyikoM kI carcA hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| prastuta meM hama bauddha-maMtavya kI samIkSA kI carcA kreNge| bauddha-dArzanika dvArA ratnaprabha kI mAnyatA kI samIkSA meM sarvaprathama sAmAnyatayA dravya ko sahakArI-kAraNoM kI upasthiti meM hI kArya kie jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| dUsare, bauddhoM dvArA kAla-bheda ke AdhAra para sahakArI-kAraNoM ke sahita aura rahita hone se padArtha ko anitya hI mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| ratnaprabha dvArA apane sahakArI-kAraNoM ko majabUtI se pakar3e rakhane kI carcA kI gaI hai, kyoMki yadi padArtha apane sahakArI-kAraNoM ko chor3a de, to svabhAva-hAni kA prasaMga upasthita ho sakatA hai aura svabhAva kA nAza hone para to usake anitya hone kI carcA kI gaI hai, kintu jaina dvArA to svabhAva-nAza ko nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| punaH, ratnaprabha dvArA dharmI-dravya meM sahakArI-kAraNoM kA saMyoga-viyoga mAnane para dharmI-dravya ko eka svabhAva vAlA nahIM rahane kI,
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________________ 18 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA arthAt anitya hI siddha hone kI carcA kI gaI hai| isake pratyuttara meM, bauddhoM dvArA dharmoM ke badalate rahane para bhI dharmI-dravya ko nahIM badale jAne kI carcA karake bauddhoM dvArA ratnaprabha se yaha kahe jAne kI carcA hai ki dharmI-dravya meM bheda batAkara Apa hama para ekAnta-anityatA kA doSa lagAte ho| tatpazcAt ratnaprabha dvArA apane arthakriyAkAritvarUpa svabhAva kI apekSA se dharmI-dravya abhedarUpa hone se nitya mAne jAne kI carcA aura sahakArI-kAraNasAkalya kI upasthiti yA anupasthiti kI apekSA se vaha bhinna-bhinna hone se kathaMcita-bhedarUpa vAlA hone se, anitya bhI mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| isake pratyuttara meM, bauddhoM dvArA sahakArI-kAraNasAkalya aura sahakArI-kAraNavaikalya- ina do paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA yoga hone se dharmI ko ekAntanitya nahIM raha sakane kI carcA kI hai, kyoMki aise meM to dharmI meM bheda mAne jAne kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| isake pazcAt, ratnaprabha dvArA dravya meM utpAda-vyayarUpa svabhAva ke kAraNa kathaMcit-anityatA aura dhrauvyatA-svabhAva ke kAraNa kathaMcita-nityatA bhI mAne jAne kI, isa prakAra, apekSA bheda se kathaMcita-nityatA aura kathaMcita-anityatA meM koI virodha bhI nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai| punaH, ratnaprabha dvArA vastu ko saasadAtmaka mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| svacatuSTya kA sadbhAva aura paracatuSTya ke abhAva se hI vastu-svarUpa ke nizcita ho jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| ataH, ratnaprabha dvArA vastu ko bauddhoM ke samAna ekAnta-kSaNika mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai, na vedAntiyoM ke samAna ekAnta-nitya mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai, ataH, ratnaprabha dvArA kisI bhI dravya ko apanI paryAyoM ke rUpa meM hI utpanna hone kI aura naSTa hone kI carcA kI hai, kintu dravya ke rUpa meM na to utpanna hone kI aura na hI naSTa hone kI carcA kI hai| jainasiddhAMta kI samIkSA meM bauddhoM dvArA bhinna-bhinna paryAyoM meM jo anvaya hai, usako bhrAnta mAnakara vAstavika nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI hai| unake anusAra, pratyeka paryAya ko eka-dUsare se bhinna mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai aura yaha paryAya hI dravya hai, paryAya se pRthaka dravya ko nahIM mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| bauddhoM dvArA utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya ko paraspara-virodhI mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| isake pratyuttara meM, ratnaprabha dvArA asat se kisI bhI dravya kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM tathA binA utpatti ke vinAza bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, aisA mAnA gayA hai| ataH,, utpatti ke pUrva, utpatti ke samaya tathA nAza meM bhI dravya ko to vaise hI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA rahane kI carcA kI gaI hai, arthAt vastu ko tryadharmAtmaka mAnanA hI ucita hai, ratnaprabha dvArA aisI carcA kI gaI hai| bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa meM ratnAkarAvatArikA ke paMcama pariccheda ke AThaveM sUtra kI TIkA meM ratnaprabha ne kahA hai ki bauddhoM ko vastu svadravya kI apekSA se asti-rUpa hai, yaha bAta to svIkArya hai, kintu paradravya kI apekSA se vastu nAstirUpa hai, yaha bAta bauddhoM ko svIkArya nahIM hai, bauddhoM kI isa mAnyatA para, ratnaprabha dvArA yaha carcA uThAI gaI hai ki yadi vastu meM paradravya kA asatva svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAegA, to phira vastu ko sarvAtmaka aura sarvamaya hone kA prasaMga upasthita hogA, kintu bauddhoM dvArA jo svasatva hai, vahI para kI apekSA asatva hai, kyoMki svasatva se pRthak para asatva jaisI kisI vastu ko nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai / anta meM, ratnaprabha dvArA bauddhoM ke dvArA yaha bAta svIkAra kie jAne kA ullekha hai ki vastu eka-dUsare kI apekSA se hI sat-asatpa hotI hai, ekAnta - satva yA ekAnta asatvarUpa nahIM hai / jo svasatva hai, vahIM para asatva hai- aisA nahIM hai, apitu sva bhI satva-asatvarUpa hai aura para bhI satva asatvarUpa hai / anta meM, ratnaprabha dvArA anekAnta - dRSTi ko ekAntabheda aura ekAnta - abheda kA tiraskAra kie jAkara sApekSa rUpa se bheda aura abheda- donoM ko svIkAra kie jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| / 79 bauddhamata kI samIkSA ke uparAnta naiyAyika dvArA 'abhAva' nAmaka eka svataMtra padArtha ko mAne jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| abhAva ke cAra bheda kie gae, jisameM parasparAbhAva arthAt anyonyAbhAva nAmaka jo abhAva hai, usake dvArA hI padArtha pratiniyata svarUpa vAlA hotA hai, aisA siddha ho jAne kI carcA kI gaI hai| isakI samIkSA meM ratnaprabha dvArA ghaTapaTAdi se atyanta bhinna mAne hue aise alaga padArthasvarUpa aise abhAva ke lie jo ghaTapaTAdi kA bheda hotA hai, ve ghaTapaTAdi padArtha svayaM bhinna haiM aura bheda karAte haiM ? yA svayaM abhinna haiM aura bheda karAte haiM ? ina donoM pakSoM meM se naiyAyika kaunase pakSa ko mAnate haiM, isakI carcA kI gaI hai| yahA~ ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM ke maMtavya kI samIkSA naiyAyikoM kA pUrvapakSa prastuta karake kI hai| do padArthoM meM bhinnatA kA AdhAra eka padArtha meM dUsare padArtha ke kucha guNa-dharma kA abhAva mAne binA nahIM hotA / bheda ke lie abhAva kI svIkRti Avazyaka hai, jaise- manuSya ko manuSya hone ke lie usameM pazutva kA abhAva mAnanA hogaa| pazutva kA abhAva mAne binA
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________________ 80 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA manuSya aura pazu meM koI bheda hI nahIM rhegaa| isI prakAra, yahA~ ratnaprabhasUri ne naiyAyikoM dvArA prastuta abhAva kI bhI sApekSika-rUpa se AvazyakatA svIkAra kI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina-dArzanikoM ne padArthoM ko svaguNa-dharmoM kI apekSA se sadbhAvarUpa aura paraguNadharmoM kI apekSA se abhAvarUpa mAnA hai| 6. ratnAkarAvatArikA ke prathama pariccheda meM pramANa-lakSaNa kA dUsare, tIsare aura cauthe pariccheda meM pramANoM ke prakAroM evaM unakI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM carcA karane ke pazcAt pA~caveM pariccheda meM pramANa ke viSaya kA ullekha kiyA hai, sAtha hI isa sambandha se itara darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| chaThaveM pariccheda meM pramANaphala ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pramANa kA kArya ajJAna kI nivRttirUpa hotA hai| punaH, yaha bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- anantara aura paramparA-ajJAnatA kA nAza evaM yathArtha-bodha kI utpattirUpa bhati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevala- ye pA~coM jJAna pramANa hote haiN| inameM se koI-sA bhI jJAna hone para tatsambandhI ajJAna calA jAtA hai aura jo vastutattva kA yathArtha-bodha hotA hai, usI ko pramANa kA 'anantara phala kahA gayA hai| ajJAnatA kI nivRtti hI pramANa kA anantara-phala hai| usI prakAra, tInoM kAla ke samasta padArthoM ko pratyakSarUpa se jAnane rUpa kevalajJAna ko pramANa kA pAraMparIya-phala mAneM, to sampUrNa ajJAna ke nivRtirUpa kevalajJAna ko aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa hone vAlI udAsInatA yA taTastha-vRtti ko bhI pramANa kA pAramparIya-phala mAnA jA sakatA hai| kevalajJAna ke atirikta anya jJAnoM se hone vAle pramANa ke phala ko autpAtika-buddhi, hIna-buddhi aura upekSA-buddhi batAyA gayA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ise hama upAdeya, heya aura jJeya-rUpa buddhi bhI kaha sakate haiM, arthAt kauna-sI vastu svIkAra karane yogya hai, kauna-sI vastu tyAgane yogya hai aura kauna-sI vastu ke prati taTasthatA-buddhi rakhanA cAhie, yaha batalAyA gayA hai| isI krama meM Age, ratnaprabhasUri ne isakI carcA karate hue yaha kahA hai ki yadi isase bhinna pramANaphala kI yadi koI carcA kI jAtI hai, to vaha ucita nahIM hai| unhoMne isa sambandha meM yaha batAyA hai ki pramANa aura pramANaphala kathaMcita-abhinna haiM aura kathaMcita-bhinna haiN| isI prasaMga meM, unhoMne pramANa aura pramANaphala ko ekAntarUpa se bhinna mAnane vAle naiyAyikoM kI aura ekAntarUpa se abhinna mAnane vAle bauddhoM kI samIkSA kI hai| bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi ajJAnanivRttirUpa pramANa-phala pramANa ke sAtha hI prakaTa hotA hai, to vaha
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA abhinna hai, use kisI bhI prakAra se bhinna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isI prasaMga meM, ratnaprabhasUri kA kahanA hai ki yadi Apa pramANa aura pramANaphala meM kathaMcit-bheda nahIM mAneMge, to phira pramANa aura pramANaphala kI vyavasthA hI nahIM rhegii| isa prasaMga meM, ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM ke pUrva-pakSa ko aneka prakAra se uThAkara usakI samIkSA kI hai| ratnaprabhasUri kA kahanA hai ki pramANa se pramANaphala kathaMcit-bhinna aura kathaMcit-abhinna hI hotA hai, ekAMta-bhinna aura ekAnta-abhinna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isake pazcAt, unhoMne naiyAyikoM ke pramANa aura pramANaphala ke ekAnta-abhinnatA ke siddhAMta kI samIkSA kI hai tathA yaha batAyA hai ki pramAtA-AtmA ke sva-para-vyavasAyI-kriyArUpa pramANa kA jo phala hai, vaha kathaMcit-bhinna hai, pUrNatayA bhinna nahIM hai, kyoMki kriyA aura kartA- donoM paraspara-sApekSa hote haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki isI prasaMga meM ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM ke vijJAnavAda aura zUnyavAda kI bhI samIkSA karate hue yaha siddha kiyA hai ki pramANa aura pramANaphala kathaMcit-bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna hote haiN| aisA nahIM hai ki pramANa aura pramANaphala kA bheda kevala vyavahAra ke stara para hai, ve pramANa aura pramANaphala meM pAramArthika aura vyAvahArika- donoM hI dRSTiyoM se vicAra kara apane pUrva nirdiSTa pramANa aura pramANaphala ke bhedAbhedavAda kI puSTi karate haiN| isake pazcAt, ratnAkarAvatArikA meM AbhAsa kI carcA karate hue sarvaprathama pratyakSAbhAsa kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa carcA meM ratnaprabhasUri ne vyavahArika-pratyakSAbhAsa aura pAramArthika-pratyakSAbhAsa- aise pratyakSAbhAsa ke do rUpoM kI carcA kI hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki jo pAramArthika-pratyakSa jaisA dikhAI detA hai vaha pAramArthika-pratyakSAbhAsa hai| isameM vibhaMgajJAna ko pAramArthika-pratyakSAbhAsa kA hI eka rUpa batAyA hai| pAramArthika-pratyakSAbhAsa ke udAharaNa ke rUpa meM zivarAjarSi kI saptadvIpa samudaghAta kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai pAramArthika-pratyakSAbhAsa kevala avadhijJAna ke saMdarbha meM hI hotA hai, kintu manaHparyavajJAna aura kevalajJAna meM pAramArthika-pratyakSAbhAsa nahIM hotA hai| isake pazcAt, ratnAkarAvatArikA meM pramANa ke anya prakAroM, yathAsmRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka (Uha), anumAna-saMbaMdhI AbhAsoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa carcA meM mukhya rUpa se ratnaprabhasUri ne anumAnAbhAsa kI vistRta carcA kI hai aura usameM SaSTha pariccheda ke sUtra ar3atIsa se lekara chiyAlIsa taka pakSAbhAsa kI, sUtra saiMtAlIsa se lekara sattAvana taka meM hetvAbhAsa kI,
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA aTThAvana se aThahattara taka ke sUtroM meM dRSTAMtAbhAsoM kI vistRta carcA upalabdha hotI hai| usake pazcAt sUtra kramAMka ikyAsI meM upanayAbhAsa kI aura bayAsI meM nigamanAbhAsa kI carcA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki ratnAkarAvatArikA ke SaSTha pariccheda meM AbhAsa kI carcA hI mukhya rUpa se huI hai aura isake anta meM yaha batAyA hai ki pramANa se pramANa kA phala bhinna hai, athavA pramANa se pramANa kA phala abhinna hai- ye donoM hI pramANa-bhAsa haiM / isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki SaSTha pariccheda kI TIkA meM ratnaprabhasUri ne eka ora pramANa aura pramANaphala kI bhinnAbhinnatA kI tathA dUsarI ora AbhAsoM ke vibhinna rUpoM kI carcA kI hai / yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki isa SaSTha prakaraNa meM AbhAsoM kI jo carcA huI hai, usameM ratnaprabhasUri ne hetvAbhAsa kI carcA adhika vistAra se kI hai tathA hetvAbhAsa ke saMdarbhoM meM jaina-darzana kA nyAya- - vaizeSika evaM bauddhadarzana se kisa prakAra se matabheda hai, isakI bhI vistAra se carcA kI hai| 7. 1224 82 ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka TIkA ke saptama pariccheda meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne mUla grantha-pramANanayatattvAloka ke AdhAra para hI nayoM ke svarUpa kI vistRta vivecanA kI hai / jahA~ prAraMbha ke chaha pariccheda pramANa saMbaMdhI carcA se saMbaMdhita rahe haiM, vahA~ yaha saptama pariccheda naya kI carcA se saMbaMdhita hai| isameM sarvaprathama, naya aura pramANa kA aMtara spaSTa karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki naya bhI pramANa ke samAna sva-para-vyavasAyAtmaka hI hai / kevala donoM meM aMtara yaha hai ki pramANa samagra rUpa se vastu ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karatA hai aura naya vastu ke eka aMza ke svarUpa kA nizcaya karatA hai ataH, naya bhI pramANarUpa hI hai, vaha apramANa nahIM hai| jisa prakAra samudra kA eka chora bhI samudrarUpa hI hai, usI prakAra se pramANa ke aMza naya bhI pramANarUpa hI haiN| isI prasaMga meM Age, ratnaprabhasUri ne nayAbhAsa kI carcA karate hue yaha kahA hai ki svayaM ke dvArA svIkRta aMza se bhinna anya aMza kA jo apalApa karane vAlA naya hai, vaha durnaya hai aura vaha pramANarUpa nahIM hai / nayAbhAsa kI carcA ke pazcAt ratnaprabhasUri ne mUla grantha ke AdhAra para hI naya ke prakAroM kI carcA kI hai| unhoMne yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki naya ke prakAroM kI carcA do prakAra se kI jA sakatI hai- eka saMkSipta rUpa se aura dUsarI vistRta rUpa se / saMkSipta rUpa meM naya ke do prakAroM kI carcA hai- dravyArthikanaya aura paryAyArthikanaya / Age, unhoMne dravyArthikanaya ke tIna bhedoM kI vistAra se carcA kI hai| ye tIna bheda haiM- naigama, saMgraha aura
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 83 vyvhaar| ina tInoM hI nayoM kA svarUpa bhI ratnAkarAvatArikA meM vistArapUrvaka vizleSita kiyA gayA hai| isI carcA meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI carcA karate hue unhoMne sAmAnya ke bhI do bheda kie haiM- mahAsAmAnya aura avaantrsaamaany| isameM bhI, jo avAntara-sAmAnya hai, vaha sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hI hotA hai| vaha eka dRSTi se sAmAnya aura dUsarI dRSTi se vizeSa kahA jA sakatA hai aura isI AdhAra para unhoMne yaha bhI batAyA hai ki saMgrahanaya bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai- 1. apara-saMgrahanaya aura 2. pr-sNgrhny| isake pazcAt, isa kRti meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki advaitavAda Adi saMgrahanaya ke AbhAsarUpa darzana haiN| isake pazcAt, vyavahAranaya kI carcA karate hue vyavahAranaya ke AbhAsarUpa sAMkhyadarzana kA grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| tadanantara, prastuta kRti meM paryAyArthikanaya ke RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta- aise cAra prakAroM kI carcA huI hai| isI prasaMga meM, RjusUtranaya ke AbhAsa ke rUpa meM bauddhadarzana kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| phira; zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUtanaya ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue ina nayoM ke AbhAsoM kI bhI carcA kI gaI hai| vistArabhaya se yahA~ isa samagra carcA meM jAnA hameM ucita nahIM lagatA hai| mAtra yaha kaha denA paryApta hogA ki ratnaprabhasUri ne isa bAta ko mUla-sUtroM ke AdhAra para bar3I spaSTatA se citrita kiyA hai ki ina nayoM ke AbhAsa arthAta ina nayoM ke saMbaMdha meM bhrAMtiyA~ kisa prakAra se hotI haiN| Age naya-vAkya evaM pramANa vAkya kI carcA karate hue naya-vAkya ke rUpa meM saptabhaMgI-naya kI vistArapUrvaka carcA kI gaI hai, jisameM vidhi, pratiSedha aura avaktavya ke AdhAra para unake sAMyogika-saptabhaMgI kI carcA kI hai| anta meM, pramANa ke phala ke samAna hI naya ke phala ke sAtha bhI anantara aura paraMpara zabda AegA yA nahIM ? ise vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA hai aura isake bhinnAbhinnatva kI carcA kI gaI hai| kRti ke anta meM, pramAtA ke rUpa meM AtmA ke svarUpa kI carcA milatI hai| isa carcA meM AtmA ke svarUpa ko spaSTa karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki AtmA caitanyasvarUpa kartA, bhoktA, svadeha-parimANa aura pratikSetra bhinna-bhinna hai| isa samagra carcA meM prastuta TIkA meM AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM cArvAka-darzana kI vistRta samIkSA kI gaI hai| cArvAka ke pUrvapakSa ke sthApana para vistAra se una sabhI pUrvapakSoM kA nirasana kiyA gayA hai, usake
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA pazcAt, bauddhoM ke kSaNika - AtmavAda kI samIkSA karate hue AtmA kI nityatA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai / tadanantara AtmA ke guNoM kA AtmA ke sAtha tAdAtmya -- saMbaMdha batAte hue naiyAyikoM ke isa mata kA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai ki cetanA AtmA kA svarUpa - lakSaNa na hokara eka Agantuka guNa hai aura isI AdhAra para Age naiyAyikoM kI mukti kI avadhAraNA kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai| AtmA ke caitanyasvarUpa kI isa carcA ke pazcAt, AtmA pariNAmI hai, isa lakSaNa kI carcA karate hue naiyAyika, vaizeSika tathA sAMkhyoM kI AtmA kI kUTastha - nityatA kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA karate hue yaha batAyA hai ki AtmA nitya na hokara pariNAmI - nitya hai / isa saMdarbha meM, sAMkhyoM ke pUrvapakSa kI vistAra se samIkSA karate hue carcA kI gaI hai aura AtmA meM kartRtva aura bhoktRtva- guNa kI puSTi kI gaI hai| usake pazcAt naiyAyikoM dvArA mAnya AtmA AkAza ke samAna sarvavyApI hai, isa mata kA khaMDana karate hue AtmA ko svadeha - pariNAma batAyA gayA hai / anta meM, pratyeka zarIra meM bhinna-bhinna AtmA hai, isa mata kI siddhi karate hue AtmA kI anekatA kI sthApanA kI gaI hai tathA nAstikoM ke mata kA khaNDana karate hue karmavAda kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra, prastuta kRti meM jaina - darzanasammata AtmavAda kI sthApanA karate hue unake virodhI vividha darzanoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| 84 isa prakaraNa ke anta meM, mokSa ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue zvetAmbara - paraMparAsammata strI-mukti kI siddhi kI gaI hai aura isa saMbaMdha meM digambara - paraMparA ke pUrvapakSa kI vistAra se samIkSA kI gaI hai| 8. grantha ke aSTama pariccheda meM nyAya darzana ke vAda aura vAdI ke svarUpa kI carcA kI gaI hai aura isI prasaMga meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vAdI do prakAra ke hote haiM- eka, vijaya kI icchA vAle aura dUsare tattva kA nirNaya karane kI icchA vAle / isameM vijaya kI icchA karane vAle vAdI ko nimna koTi vAlA batalAyA gayA hai / punaH yaha bhI batAyA hai ki tattva - nirNaya ke icchuka vAdI bhI do prakAra ke hote haiN| eka svayaM ke jJAna ke lie aura dUsare, dUsaroM ko viSaya kI spaSTatA karAne ke lie / punaH, dUsaroM ko tattva kA nirNaya karAne kI dRSTi se guru Adi vAdI kahe gae haiM, ve bhI do prakAra ke kahe gae haiM- kSAyopazamika jJAna vAle aura kevalI / isI prasaMga meM yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki kevalI vijaya kI icchA se, arthAt apane lie tattva ke svarUpa ke nirNaya hetu vAda nahIM karate haiM, kyoMki na to unheM bAda meM vijaya kI apekSA hotI hai aura na hI ve tattva ke
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 85 yathArtha-svarUpa se ajJAta hote haiN| anta meM, yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai ki jaba vAdI aura prativAdI vijaya kI icchA vAlA ho, taba kitanI sImA taka vAda karanA caahie| grantha ke anta meM prazasti ke rUpa meM ratnaprabhasUri ne apane guru kI prazaMsA karate hue apane ko vAdidevasUri ke ziSya ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai aura grantha ke parimANa ko batAte hue yaha kahA hai ki yaha grantha pA~ca hajAra zloka-parimANa hai tathA jo koI bhI isa grantha kA paThana-pAThana karegA, vaha buddhi kI tejasvitA ko prApta karegA, aisA nirdeza kiyA hai| upasaMhAra __ isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki prastuta-kRti meM vibhinna bhAratIya-darzanoM kI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kA jahA~ bhI jaina-darzana se matabheda rahA hai, vahA~ unake pUrvapakSa ko vistAra ke sAtha upasthita karake usakI samIkSA kI gaI hai| isa prakAra, yaha grantha na kevala jaina-darzana ke saMbaMdha meM hameM jAnakArI pradAna karatA hai, apitu vividha bhAratIyadArzanika-avadhAraNAoM aura dArzanika-matoM kI bhI samIkSA karatA hai| prastuta kRti kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki isameM anya darzanoM ke pUrvapakSa ko sthApita karate hue pUrI prAmANikatA kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai aura unake pUrvapakSa kI sthApanA meM saMbhAvita aura bhI kyA tarka ho sakate haiM, unheM bhI vistArapUrvaka prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, yaha grantha na kevala jaina-nyAya-zAstra kA, apitu samagra bhAratIya-nyAya-zAstra kA eka grantha bana gayA hai|
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________________ 86 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya 3 bauddhadarzana ke kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA bauddhoM ke 'sarvakSaNikam' ke siddhAnta kI samIkSA bauddha-pUrvapakSa - bauddha-darzana kSaNikavAdI yA anityavAdI hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki jagat meM kucha bhI nitya yA zAzvata nahIM hai| sattA prati samaya parivartanazIla hai| jisa taraha nadI kI dhArA satata parivartanazIla hai usI taraha sattA bhI satata parivartanazIla hai| mahAparinirvANasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vastunitya yA sthAyI jAna par3atI hai, usI taraha sattA bhI satata parivartanazIla hai| mahAparinirvANasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vastu nitya yA sthAyI jAna par3atI hai, vaha bhI nazvara hai| jahA~ saMyoga hai, vahA~ viyoga hai, jahA~ janma hai, vahA~ mRtyu bhI hai| kSaNikavAda ke anusAra, vastu do kSaNa bhI eka jaisI nahIM hotI hai| vastu pratikSaNa badalatI rahatI hai| sattA kA svabhAva hI parivartanazIlatA hai| binA parivartanazIlatA ko svIkAra kie arthakriyAkAritva siddha nahIM hotA hai aura binA arthakriyAkAritva ke sattA nahIM hai| yahI kSaNikavAda hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA ke sAtaveM pariccheda meM naya kA varNana kiyA gayA haiN| isameM naya ke sAta prakAra batAe gae haiN| naya ke una sAta prakAroM meM se naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra- ye tInoM naya dravyArthikanaya ke hI bheda haiM tathA RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta- ye cAra naya paryAyArthikanaya ke bheda bauddha-darzana RjusUtra-nayAbhAsa hai prastuta prasaMga meM bauddhadarzana ko caturtha RjusUtranaya para Azrita na kahakara RjusUtra-nayAbhAsa batAyA gayA hai| RjusUtranaya trikAlavI-dravya kA ekAntataH niSedha nahIM karatA hai| vaha to bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna- aise 37 bhAratIya darzana, - pArasanAthadvivedI, pR. 81 38 vahI, pR. 81
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA trikAlavartI-dravya ko gauNa karake mAtra paryAya ko hI pramukha mAnatA hai, jabaki bauddhadarzana to traikAlika-sattA vAle dravya kA niSedha kara mAtra vartamAnakAlika paryAya, arthAt pratikSaNa vinAzazIla sattA ko mAnatA hai, ataH, vaha RjusUtra-nayAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| bauddha-dArzanika gauNabhAva aura pradhAnabhAva kA abhAva karake ekAnta-vartamAnakAla kI paryAya ko hI mAnyatA dekara traikAlika-dravya kA ekAnta-niSedha (apalApa) karate haiM, isake kAraNa ye RjusUtra-nayAbhAsa kahe jAte haiN| jainAcArya ratnaprabhasari bauddhoM kI mAnyatA kA kathana karate hae kahate haiM ki bauddha-dArzanika saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu ko kSaNika mAnate haiN| pratyeka vastu kSaNa-kSaNa parivartanazIla hai| pratyeka padArtha paryAyarUpa meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai, kintu trikAlavartI sthira-dhruva dravya nAma kA koI tattva hI nahIM hai, paryAya hI ekamAtra pAramArthika-tattva hai| vastutaH dekhA jAe, to dravya pratyabhijJA Adi pramANoM se hI prasiddha hai| yadi nitya-dravyatattva ko na mAnA jAe, to so'yaM puruSaH, arthAt yaha vahI puruSa hai, ityAdi pUrvApara-saMkalanA vAlI pratyabhijJA kaise hogI ? bhUtakAla kI viSaya-vastu kA smaraNa bhI kaise hogA ? smaraNa ke binA anumAna bhI kaise saMbhava hogA ? ityAdi doSoM ke kAraNa traikAlika nitya-dravyatattva ko to mAnanA hogA, kintu bauddhadarzana to trikAlavartI nitya-dravyatattva kA pUrNatayA tiraskAra karane ke kAraNa RjusUtra-nayAbhAsa hI hai| jo-jo dArzanika ekAntavAdI haiM, ve sabhI ekAnta se vilakSaNa anekAntarUpa anya pakSa kI apekSA nahIM rakhane ke kAraNa aura usakA apalApa karane ke kAraNa ve sabhI nayAbhAsa haiM, durnaya haiM, sunaya nahIM haiM, ataH, kSaNikavAdI bauddha bhI RjusUtra-nayAbhAsarUpa hI haiN|" bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA ratnAkarAvatArikA meM sAmAnya ke do bheda kie gae haiM - 1. tiryaka-sAmAnya aura 2. uurdhvtaa-saamaany| tiryaka-sAmAnya kA vizleSaNa hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| prati vyakti meM jo tulya pariNati hotI hai, use tiryaka-sAmAnya kahate haiN| pUrva-paryAya aura uttaraparyAya meM samAna rUpa se 39 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 183; 184 40 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 184 41 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 184
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________________ 88 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA rahane vAle dravya ko UrdhvatA-sAmAnya kahate haiN| koI bhI dravya pratikSaNa pUrvaparyAya se uttaraparyAya meM parivartita hotA rahatA hai, kintu dravya tInoM kAla meM apane sthAyitva guNa kA tyAga nahIM karatA hai| tInoM kAla meM dravya ekarUpa meM hI rahatA hai, usako bhI UrdhvatA-sAmAnya kahate haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa, svarNa-dravya se kar3A banA, kar3A tur3avAkara hAra banavAyA, hAra se kaMgana aura aMgUThI banavAI gaI, ina bhinna-bhinna paryAyarUpa nae-nae AbhUSaNoM ke banane ke bAda bhI svarNa apane mUla rUpa meM vahI banA rahatA hai, arthAta svarNa bhinna-bhinna paryAyoM meM badalate hue bhI saba AbhUSaNoM meM banA rahatA hai, yahI dhruvatA (nityatA) UrdhvatA-sAmAnya kahalAtI hai| eka vyakti kI dUsare vyakti ke sAtha jo sadRzatA hai, vaha tiryaka-sAmAnya hai| eka hI vyakti meM kSaNa-kSaNa badalatI huI avasthAoM meM bhI vyakti vahI rahatA hai| ina parivartana ke bIca yaha jo "vahI banA rahatA hai, use hI UrdhvatA-sAmAnya kahate haiN| jJAtavya hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA meM, jainadarzana evaM bauddhadarzana meM dravya aura paryAya ko lekara jo matabheda haiM, unakI samIkSA kI gaI hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra paryAyoM kA kramazaH dhArA ke rUpa meM nitya pravAha calatA rahatA hai, yahI sabhI padArthoM meM dravya kI dhrauvyatA hai, kyoMki dravya ke AdhAra para hI paryAyoM meM koI eka sattA hai, jisameM pratikSaNa parivartana hotA rahatA hai| pUrva-pUrva paryAyoM kA nAza tathA nae-nae paryAyoM kA utpAda hotA hI rahatA hai, ise hI dravya kI dhauvyatA kahate haiM, kintu yadi dravya kI dhrauvyatA hI na ho, to usameM paryAyoM kA utpAda aura vyaya bhI saMbhava nahIM hogaa| binA dravya ke paryAya kisakI banegI aura kisameM banegI ? cUMki binA dravya ke paryAya nahIM banatI, to binA paryAya ke dravya bhI nahIM rhtaa| dravya aura paryAya eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiN| yadi dravya hI naSTa ho jAe, to paryAya saMbhava nahIM hogI, arthAt paryAya banegI hI nhiiN| dravya aura paryAya eka-dUsare se bhinna tattva nahIM haiM, ataH, pratyeka padArtha meM dravya ke kAraNa dhrauvyatA (nityatA) kA guNa rahA huA hai aura paryAya ke kAraNa utpAda-vyaya hai, kintu isake viparIta, bauddha-dArzanika dravya kI dhauvyatA ko nahIM mAnate haiN| ve pratikSaNa utpAda aura vyaya ko hI 42 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 700, 701
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA mAnate haiM, padArtha meM sthAyitva-gaNa (dravya) ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, ataH, UrdhvatA-sAmAnya bauddhadarzana ko svIkAra nahIM hai|" bauddha- isa saMbaMdha meM bauddha-dArzanika jainoM ke samakSa yaha Apatti uThAte haiM ki eka hI padArtha meM traikAlika-dhruvatA mAnane ke sandarbha meM janma se bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se prazna karate haiM- koI bhI eka padArtha dIrghakAla paryanta nitya nahIM rahatA hai| pratyeka padArtha kSaNabhaMgura hai, arthAt kSaNika hai| utpAda aura vyaya ke svabhAva vAle padArtha meM nityatA (dhauvyatA) nAma kA koI lakSaNa nahIM hai| badalatI paryAya meM kevala dravya kA AbhAsa hotA hai, usa AbhAsa ko hI Apa (jaina) nityatA mAna lete haiM, kintu ApakI yaha mAnyatA pramANayukta nahIM hai| pratyeka padArtha vinazvara svabhAva vAlA, arthAta pratikSaNa naSTa hone se kSaNika hai| jo bhI ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha sata-rUpa hote haiM, ve padArtha niyama se kSaNika hI hote haiM tathA jo padArtha kSaNika nahIM hote haiM, ve AkAza-puSpa ke samAna sat bhI nahIM hote haiN| sata-padArtha meM arthakriyAkAritva-guNa rahA huA hai| jisameM arthakriyA karane kA sAmarthya ho, vahI sat hai| arthakriyAkAritva, arthAt sArthaka kriyA kA honA hI sattA kA lakSaNa hai| zabdAdi dharmI (pakSa) meM arthakriyAkAritva pratyakSa-pramANa se bhI siddha hotA hai| ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha apanI-apanI kriyA karane meM samartha hote haiM, zabda bhI svataH hI apanI jJAna-prApti kI kriyA meM samartha hote haiM arthAt zabda svayaM hI apane vAcyArtha kA bodha karAne meM samartha hote haiN| ghaTa jaladhAraNa kI kriyA meM samartha hotA hai| paTa zarIrAcchAdana kI kriyA meM samartha hotA hai| inhIM arthakriyAoM ke kAraNa ye sabhI padArtha sat aura kSaNika hote haiN| zabda kSaNika haiM - yaha sAdhya hai, kyoMki sat hai, yaha usakA hetu hai| bauddha zabdoM ko kSaNika mAnate haiN| unake anusAra, zabda kSaNika haiM (sAdhya), kyoMki ve sat (hetu) haiN| jo-jo sat hotA hai, vaha kSaNika (vyApti yA dRSTAMta) hotA hai| cUMki zabda sat haiM, isalie zabda kSaNika haiM (nigmn)| isa prakAra, bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki jo sat hotA hai, vaha kSaNika hotA hai| yahA~ jaina-dArzanika bauddhoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki Apane isa anumAna meM satvAt-yaha hetu diyA hai| Apake anusAra, satva use kahate haiM, jisameM arthakriyAkAritva hai, kintu arthakriyAkAritva to nitya meM bhI hotA hai aura kSaNika meM bhI hai|" 43 ratnAkarAvatArikA bhAga, II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 701 * ratnAkarAvatArikA bhAga, II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 701, 702
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bauddha 1 isa para bauddha - dArzanika kahate haiM ki jo bhI ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha sat-rUpa kahe jAte haiM, ve sabhI padArtha niyama se kSaNika hI hote haiM tathA jo padArtha kSaNika nahIM hote haiM, ve sat bhI nahIM hote, jaiseAkAzapuSpa kA dUsare sat padArthoM meM hI arthakriyAkAritva-guNa rahA huA hai / jisa padArtha meM arthakriyA karane kI sAmarthya ho, vahI padArtha sat rUpa hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, sArthaka kriyA arthAt arthakriyA kA honA hI sattA kA svalakSaNa hai aura vahI padArtha kI sattA hai| aisA arthakriyAkAritva zabdAdi dharmI (pakSa) meM pratyakSarUpa se rahA huA hai| zabda, ghaTa, paTa Adi padArtha arthakriyA karane meM samartha haiM, jaise- zabda svayaM hI apane vAcya - viSaya kA jJAna karAne kI kriyA karane meM, ghaTa jala dhAraNa kI kriyA karane meM, paTa zarIrAcchAdana kI kriyA karane meM samartha hote haiM / isI arthakriyAkAritva ke kAraNa hI ye sabhI padArtha sat aura kSaNika hote haiM 45 900 jaina isa para jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki ApakA (bauddhoM kA ) yaha hetu anekAntika huaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, ApakA yaha hetu anekAntika - hetvAbhAsa se yukta hai, kyoMki arthakriyAkAritva nitya-padArthoM aura anitya-padArthoM- donoM meM hotA hai / " - bauddha isa para bauddha - dArzanika yaha prazna karate haiM ki hamAre hetu ko Apane jo vipakSa meM vyAvRtta yA anekAntika batAyA, usakA kyA pramANa hai? 47 - jaina isake uttara meM, jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki Apa jise arthakriyA kahate haiM, vaha arthakriyA krama se hotI hai ? yA akrama se hotI hai ? athavA kramAkrama se hotI hai ? yadi Apa sat (sattA) ko kSaNika mAnate haiM, to usameM krama se arthakriyA bhI nahIM ho sktii| isI prakAra, akrama se nahIM hotii| cUMki kSaNika meM krama saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH, arthakriyA bhI nahIM ho sktii| isI prakAra, akrama se bhI arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki eka hI samaya meM utpAda, vyaya aura arthakriyA kA karanAye tInoM kArya saMbhava nahIM haiN| isI prakAra kramAkrama se arthakriyA mAnane meM bhI paraspara virodha AtA hai, jisase Apake kSaNika sat ke kriyAkAritva kA 45 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 702 46 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 702 47 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 702
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 91 lakSaNa bhI dUSita ho jAtA hai, ataH, ApakA yaha anumAna pUrvokta anumAna ke samAna hI nirdoSa nahIM ho sktaa| jo padArtha vartamAnakAla meM arthakriyA karane meM samartha hotA hai, vaha atIta aura bhaviSya meM bhI arthakriyA karane meM samartha honA caahie| kSAyika-padArtha tInoM kAloM meM arthakriyA karane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai| nitya-padArtha hI vartamAna, atIta aura bhaviSyakAla meM arthakriyA karane meM samartha hotA hai| bauddha - isa para bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki jo vartamAnakAla meM kriyA karatA hai, use usI samaya bhUta-bhaviSya meM bhI arthakriyA karanA cAhie, yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| yuvAvasthA meM rahane vAlA devadatta yuvAvasthA kI kriyA karate samaya bAlyAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA kI kriyA karane vAlA nahIM hotA hai| ataH, nitya-padArtha arthakriyA karane meM samartha nahIM hai| yadi Apa (jaina) nitya-padArtha ko arthakriyA karane meM samartha mAneMge, to nitya-padArtha eka samAna sthira svabhAva vAlA hone se na to pUrvakAla meM aura na uttarakAla meM koI arthakriyA kara skegaa| arthakriyA to parivartana yA pariNamana kI sUcaka hai| vaha sthira svabhAva kI virodhI hai, ataH, nitya-padArtha tInoM kAloM meM arthakriyA karane meM asamartha hotA hai| cUMki sthira svabhAva vAle nitya-padArtha meM koI bhI arthakriyA (parirvatana) sambhava hI nahIM hai, isalie yadi nitya-padArtha arthakriyA karane meM samartha ho, to tInoM kAla kI kriyA meM eka hI samAna hone kA prasaMga AegA, arthAt tInoM kAloM meM koI bhI pariNamana yA parivartana nahIM hogA aura yadi vaha arthakriyA karane meM asamartha hogA, to una-una kAla meM vaha-vaha arthakriyA bhI nahIM karane kA doSa aaegaa|" nitya-padArtha arthakriyA karane meM samartha ho yA asamartha, phira bhI usameM krama se yA eka hI sAtha arthAta akrama se arthakriyA mAnane meM doSa hone ke kAraNa nitya-padArtha ke arthakriyA (kArya) karane kI saMbhAvanA nahIM rhtii| punaH, bauddha jainoM se kahate haiM ki yadi Apa (jaina) apanA bacAva karane hetu aisA kahate haiM ki padArtha svayaM hI apanI arthakriyA karane meM samartha hote haiM, to hama bauddhoM kA prazna hai ki kyoM vaha apekSaNIya 48 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 702 49 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 703
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA sahakArI - kAraNoM ke hone para hI arthakriyA karatA hai aura apekSaNIya sahakArI - kAraNoM ke na hone para, arthAt unake abhAva meM arthakriyA nahIM karatA hai ? yadi padArtha svabhAvataH arthakriyA karane meM samartha hote haiM, to unheM varttamAnakAla kI taraha bhUta aura bhaviSya - kAla meM bhI arthakriyA karanA cAhie | So 92 jaina isake uttara meM jaina- dArzanika kahate haiM ki arthakriyA karane meM samartha hote hue bhI bhUta aura bhaviSya meM vaisA hI kArya karane meM jina-jina apekSaNIya sahakArI - kAraNoM kA sAnnidhya nahIM mila pAne se ve padArtha bhUta aura bhaviSya meM vaisA hI kArya karane meM samartha nahIM hote hai - aisA hama jainoM kA maMtavya hai, 1 to khaNDana karate hue bauddha - dArzanika kahate haiM ki arthakriyA karane meM jaba padArtha svayaM hI samartha haiM, to phira una padArthoM ko sahakArI - kAraNoM kI apekSA kyoM cAhie ? - 1. kyA padArtha ko svayaM ke svarUpa kI prApti karane ke lie sahakArI - kAraNoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA hotI hai ? yA 2. koI upakAra karane ke lie sahakArI - kAraNoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA rahatI hai ? yA 3. vaha kArya karane ke lie sahakArI - kAraNoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA rahatI hai? ina tInoM meM se Apa kaunase pakSa ko mAnya kareMge ? jisa kisI bhI pakSa ko Apa (jaina) svIkAra kareMge, vaha doSapUrNa hI hogaa| 2 bauddha - bauddha kahate haiM ki yadi Apa prathama-pakSa ko mAnya karate haiM ki padArtha ko svayaM ke svarUpa kI prApti meM sahakArI - kAraNoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA hai, to svayaM ke svarUpa kI utpatti meM bhI sahakArI-kAraNoM ke adhIna hone se nitya-padArtha nitya-svarUpa vAlA na hokara anitya-svarUpa vAlA ho jAegA, kyoMki nitya-padArtha to jaisA hotA hai, vaha vaisA hI prAraMbha se hI rahatA hai| aise nitya-padArtha ko sahakArI - kAraNoM ke sahayoga se kaunase svarUpa kA lAbha hogA ? yadi ina sahakArI - kAraNoM se nae-nae svarUpoM kA lAbha hotA ho, to ve padArtha nitya-svarUpa vAle to raheMge hI nahIM, isalie jo nitya-padArtha haiM, ve jisa svarUpa meM haiM, ve prAraMbha se anta taka usI svarUpa meM raheMge, unako sahakArI - kAraNoM se koI vizeSa 50 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 703 51 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 704 52 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 704
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA svarUpa-lAbha to hone vAlA nahIM hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki jo padArtha prAraMbha se hI apane svarUpa meM sthita haiM, unheM kisI anya sahakArI kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hotii| 2. aba yadi dUsare pakSa para vicAra kareM ki padArtha svayaM hI arthakriyA karane meM samartha haiM, to phira unako sahakArI-kAraNoM kI ora se sahakAra (upakAra) kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? punaH, yadi padArtha svayaM hI arthakriyA karane meM asamartha haiM, to asamartha padArtha ko bhI sahakArI-kAraNoM ke sahayoga kI apekSA kyoM rahegI ? kyoMki asamartha padArtha ko hajAra sahakArI-kAraNa milakara bhI kArya karane meM samartha nahIM banA skte| udAharaNasvarUpa- yadi reta meM tela nahIM hai, to bAhya sahakArI-kAraNa ghANI Adi retI meM se tela kI prApti kaise karA pAeMge ? ataH, padArtha arthakriyA karane meM svayaM samartha ho yA asamartha- donoM sthitiyoM meM sahakArI kAraNoM kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki padArtha jaba svayaM hI kArya karane meM samartha haiM, to unako sahakArI-kAraNoM se hone vAle upakAra arthAt sahayoga se kyA prayojana ? arthAt arthakriyA karane meM samartha padArtha ko upakArI (sahayogI) kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| jo padArtha arthakriyA karane meM asamartha haiM, unako bhI sahakArI-kAraNoM ke sahayoga yA upakAra kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| punaH, bauddha kahate haiM ki yadi Apa jaina tIsarA vikalpa yaha mAnate haiM ki kArya karane ke lie sahayoga kI apekSA hotI hai, to yaha tIsarA pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai| jisa prakAra padArtha ko arthakriyA karane meM samartha hone yA asamartha hone meM sahakArI (upakArI) kAraNoM kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, usI prakAra padArtha ko apanA kArya karane ke lie bhI sahakArI-kAraNoM kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai, kyoMki jo padArtha svayaM hI kArya karane meM samartha haiM, unako sahakArI-kAraNoM kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai aura jo padArtha kArya karane meM asamartha haiM, unako bhI sahakArI-kAraNoM kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, arthAt donoM ko sahakArI-kAraNoM kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| punaH, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki yadi kadAcit Apa (jaina) yaha tarka prastuta karate haiM ki padArtha to svayaM hI sampUrNa rUpa se kArya karane meM samartha haiM, parantu kArya (arthakriyA) ke aneka kAraNoM ke adhIna hone se sahakArI-kAraNoM kI apekSA rahatI hai, arthAt kArya ko utpanna karane vAle arthakriyAkArI padArtha ko to nimitta (sahakArI) kAraNoM kI apekSA 53 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 704, 705
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________________ 9a ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA nahIM hai, kintu padArtha meM se utpanna hone vAle kArya ko to sahakArI-kAraNoM kI apekSA rahatI hai| bauddha punazca jainoM se kahate haiM ki ApakA (jainoM kA) isa prakAra, kA kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai| cUMki padArtha se utpanna hone vAlA kArya to parataMtra hai, kyoMki padArtha sahakArI-kAraNoM ke adhIna hokara hI kisI kArya ko utpanna karatA hai, isalie kArya parataMtra hai, isI prakAra kArya ko utpanna karane vAlA padArtha (upAdAna-kAraNa) bhI kArya karane meM pUrNarUpeNa samartha hotA ho, aisA bhI nahIM hai| kArya utpanna hone meM aura upAdAnakAraNarUpa padArtha utpanna karane meM cAhe svataMtra nahIM bhI ho, phira bhI kArya utpanna to hotA hI hai, isalie yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kArya ko utpanna hone meM kisI dUsare kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai| yadi kArya kI utpatti ko kadAca svataMtra mAna bhI liyA jAe, to phira to kArya meM kAryatA kA vyAghAta (doSa) utpanna hogaa| kyoMki utpanna hone vAlA koI kArya yadi apane kAraNoM se svataMtra ho, to kArya ko utpanna karane vAle upAdAna-kAraNa (padArtha) aura nimitta kAraNarUpa sahakArI-kAraNoM ke rahate hue bhI, kArya ke svayaM svataMtra hone se use utpanna honA hogA, to vaha utpanna hogA aura yadi nahIM honA hogA, to vaha utpanna nahIM hogA, aisA honA cAhie, kintu aisA hotA nahIM haiM, isalie kArya apane kAraNoM se svataMtra nahIM hai, kArya ko apane upAdAna aura nimitta-kAraNarUpa sahakArI-kAraNoM kI apekSA rahatI hai, ataH, yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai ki padArtha samartha ho, to bhI arthakriyAkAritva ghaTita nahIM hotA hai aura padArtha asamartha ho, to bhI arthakriyAkAritva ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| apane pakSa ke samarthana meM bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki Apa (jaina) padArtha meM nityatA (dhauvyatA) kA jo guNa (dharma) mAnate haiM, Apake dvArA mAnya vaha nitya-padArtha na to krama se arthakriyA karane meM samartha hai aura na akrama se tathA padArtha yugapat-rUpa se, arthAt krama aura akrama- donoM se eka sAtha arthakriyA kara sakatA hai| yugapata rUpa se arthakriyA karane vAlA padArtha to saMsAra meM hai hI nahIM, vaha to AkAza-puSpa ke samAna asat hai, isalie akSaNika arthAta nitya-padArtha krama se, akrama se aura yugapata-rUpa se, arthAt krama aura akrama se eka hI sAtha arthakriyA karane vAlA nahIM 5* ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 705 55 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 705
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 95 hone se vyApaka kI anupalabdhi vAlA, arthAt abhAvarUpa hI hai, ataH, bauddha-dArzanikoM kA jainoM se kahanA hai ki nitya-padArtha meM krama se bhI aura akrama se bhI arthakriyA nahIM hotI tathA kramAkrama se arthAt yugapat-rUpa se bhI arthakriyA nahIM hotI hai aura arthakriyA karane meM asamartha padArtha asat hI hotA hai| isa prakAra, nitya-padArtha meM 'satva' (astitva) rUpa lakSaNa (guNadharma) kA abhAva hone se nitya-padArtha ko arthakriyAkAritva meM sakSama hone ke lie to kSaNika-padArtha meM hI vizrAma lenA hotA hai, arthAta kSaNikatA (parivartanazIlatA) ke guNa-dharma ko svIkAra karanA hI hotA hai| isa prakAra, yahA~ bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki nitya-padArtha to sthira lakSaNa vAlA hone se usameM arthakriyA, cAhe krama se ho, yA akrama se, yA kramAkrama se, saMbhava hI nahIM hai, kyoMki Apake nitya-padArtha meM 'satva' isa lakSaNa kA abhAva hai| jo padArtha satva-lakSaNa se yukta hote haiM, ve to kSaNika arthAt parivartanazIla hI hote haiM aura aise kSaNika arthAta parivartanazIla padArtha hI arthakriyA karane meM samartha hote haiM aura jo arthakriyA karane meM samartha hote haiM, ve hI satva-lakSaNa vAle hote hai, ataH, kSaNika-lakSaNa vAle padArtha hI sat hote haiM, yahI vyApti ucita haiM, isalie Apako hamAre sattA kI parivartanazIlatA ke bauddha-siddhAMta ko mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM honA caahie| bauddha-maMtavya kI ratnaprabhasUri dvArA kI gaI samIkSA jaina - bauddhoM ke uparyukta samasta tarkoM kA khaNDana karate hue jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanikoM se prazna karate haiM ki yaha ThIka hai ki Apa (bauddha) pratyeka padArtha ko vinazvara svabhAva vAlA mAnate haiM, to kyA Apa yaha batA sakate haiM ki pratikSaNa naSTa hone vAlA ApakA vaha padArtha kyA pratyakSa-pramANa kA viSaya bana sakatA hai ? prathama to, vaha kSaNika padArtha pratyakSa kA viSaya hotA hI nahIM hai| kadAcit Apa yaha bhI kaha deM ki kSaNika padArtha pratyakSa kA viSaya bana sakatA hai, to Apa yaha batAie ki kSaNika padArtha meM pratyakSa-pramANa se kisa prakAra se arthakriyAkAritva kI siddhi kareMge ? 1. kyA mAtra kAraNarUpa padArtha ko pratyakSa se grahaNa karane para arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha hogA ? yA 2. kyA mAtra kAryarUpa padArtha ko pratyakSa se grahaNa karane para arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha hogA ? yA 3. kyA kArya aura kAraNa- aise ubhayagrAhI pratyakSa se arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha 6 ratnAkarAMvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 705, 706
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________________ 96 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA hogA? aise, ina tInoM prakAra ke pratyakSoM meM se kauna se pratyakSa-pramANa se arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha hogA ? Apa bauddhoM ne pUrva meM jo kathana kiyA thA ki sat vahI hotA hai, jo kSaNika (pratikSaNa parivartanazIla) hotA hai aura sata-dharmI pratyakSa-pramANa se prasiddha hI hai, to yahA~ hama jainoM kA Apa bauddhoM se yahI prazna hai ki ApakA uparyukta kathana tInoM prakAra ke pramANoM meM se kauna-se pratyakSa-pramANa se siddha hotA hai ? punaH, jaina kahate haiM ki yadi Apa bauddha-dArzanika prathama tarka ke AdhAra para yaha kahate haiM ki akelA kAraNa hI pratyakSa-pramANa kA viSaya banatA hai, to mAtra kAraNa ke pratyakSa se usake arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha honA saMbhava nahIM hai| Apake anusAra, pratyakSapramANa kArya ko to pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM banAtA hai, mAtra kAraNa ko hI pratyakSa kA viSaya banAtA hai, isalie mAtra kAraNa ke pratyakSa se usake arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha nahIM hogaa| yadi Apa bauddha dUsare pakSa ke samarthana meM yaha kahate haiM ki pratyakSa-pramANa to mAtra kArya ko hI apanA viSaya banAtA hai, vaha kAraNa ko apanA viSaya banAne meM samartha nahIM hai, to binA kAraNa ke mAtra kArya se bhI usake arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra, prathama donoM pakSoM meM se kisI ko bhI svIkAra karane para arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha saMbhava nahIM hai| arthakriyAkAritva kA yathArtha-bodha to kAraNa aura kArya- donoM, arthAt ubhayagrAhI-jJAna se hI saMbhava hai, kyoMki ghaTa, paTa Adi kAraNoM se ghaTa kA jaladhAraNa karane ke kArya kA aura paTa ke zarIrAcchAdana ke kArya kA bodha hotA hai| isa prakAra, 'yaha isakA kAraNa hai aura yaha isakA kArya hai- aisA ubhayagrAhI-pratibhAsa hone para sat ke arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha hotA hai, ataH, kAraNa aura kArya- donoM, arthAt ubhayagrAhI-jJAna se hI 'arthakriyAkAritva' kA nirNaya evaM yathArtha-bodha hotA hai| bauddha-dArzanikoM kA pratiprazna bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM bauddha-dArzanika jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri se kahate haiM ki kAraNatva aura kAryatva- ye donoM hI padArtha ke svarUpa haiN| padArtha ke ina donoM svarUpoM meM se kisI bhI eka ke svarUpa kA jJAna ho jAe, to eka ke jJAna se dUsare kA bhI jJAna svataH ho jAtA hai, arthAt 57 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 707 58 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 707
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kAraNa yA kArya meM se kisI bhI eka kI siddhi se donoM kI bhI siddhi ho jAtI hai| bauddha kahate haiM ki Apa jainoM ne to yaha avadhAraNA prastuta kI hai ki kAraNa kA jJAna kArya ko nahIM batAtA hai aura kArya kA jJAna kAraNa ko nahIM batAtA hai| yaha ApakA kathana ucita nahIM hai| una donoM meM kisI eka ke jJAna se ubhaya arthAt kArya aura kAraNa- donoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai aura phira ina donoM se arthakriyAkAritva kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai| jainoM kA samAdhAna - isakA khaNDana karate hae jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki yadi Apa bauddhoM ke anusAra kAraNa yA kArya meM se kisI eka kA jJAna hone se donoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, phira to nAriyala dvIpavAsI ajJAnI manuSya ko bhI agni ko dekhane mAtra se yaha bodha ho jAnA cAhie ki agni se dhUma kI utpatti hotI hai, arthAt agni-rUpI kAraNa se dhUma-rUpI kArya utpanna ho jAtA hai, kintu aisA bodha to hotA nahIM hai| isI prakAra, mAtra dhue~ ko dekhane ke sAtha hI yaha bhI bodha ho jAnA cAhie ki yaha dhuA~ agni-rUpI kAraNa se utpanna huA hai, kintu mAtra kAraNa yA kArya meM se kisI eka ke pratyakSa-jJAna se hI sat ke arthakriyAkAritva kA jJAna sambhava nahIM hai| isake pazcAt, aba yadi Apa tIsare pakSa ke saMbaMdha meM yaha kahate ho ki ubhayagrAhI pratyakSa jJAna se arthakriyAkAritva kA bodha ho jAtA hai, to Apa bauddhoM kA yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki kAraNa aura kArya- ye donoM kramabhAvI paryAyeM haiN| eka hI kSaNa meM kAraNa aura kArya kI paryAyeM kaise saMbhava hoMgI? dUsare, Apake mata meM to sabhI paryAyeM kSaNika haiM, ataH, kramabhAvI kAraNa aura kArya kA jJAna bhI sambhava hogA, kyoMki Apake kSaNikatA ke siddhAMta ke anusAra kAraNa ke naSTa hone para hI kArya hotA hai| kArya-kAraNa sahabhAvI nahIM haiM, ataH, kAraNa-kArya kA yugapata-jJAna bhI unake kSaNika hone se pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatA hai| Apake bauddhadarzana meM to sattA kSaNamAtra hI rahatI hai, ataH, kSaNamAtra rahane vAlI sattA kA pratyakSa, kArya ke rUpa meM, yA kAraNa ke rUpa meM, yA ubhayarUpa meM sambhava nahIM hai| kadAcit ApakA pratyakSa jJAna kArya, kAraNa yA ubhaya kA grAhaka bana bhI jAe, to vaha jJAna kSaNika ke sthAna para akSaNika bana jAegA, kyoMki sattA kA kSaNa aura usake jJAna kA kSaNa alaga-alaga hoMge 59 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 707
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA aura yadi aisA nahIM mAneMge, to pratyakSa ke 'satva' hetu meM vyabhicAra - doSa utpanna ho jAegA / OM 98 bauddhoM dvArA svapakSa kA maNDana isa para bauddha - dArzanika jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ke pratyuttara meM kahate haiM ki kAraNagrAhI yA kAryagrAhIdonoM prakAra ke pratyakSa meM se kisI bhI eka prakAra ke pratyakSa se mAnasika - vikalpa arthAt vicAra-vizeSa utpanna hotA hai aura isI vicAra-vizeSa se arthakriyAkAritva kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai / " ratnaprabha kI samIkSA isake pratyuttara meM ratnaprabhasUri kA yaha kahanA hai ki yadi Apa vicAra - vizeSa (vikalpa) se hI arthakriyAkAritva kA nirNaya ho jAnA mAneMge, to phira Apa pratyakSa se arthakriyAkAritva kA nirNaya huA, aisA nahIM kaha sakate haiN| 2 bauddhoM dvArA svapakSa kA samarthana bauddha isa para bauddha kahate haiM ki pratyakSa se utpanna hone vAlA vikalpa-vizeSa (vicAra - vizeSa ) pUrvakAla meM hue pratyakSa kA hI viSaya hotA hai / isa prakAra, pratyakSajanya vikalpa - vizeSa hI vastu ke arthakriyAkAritva kA nizcaya karatA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki pUrvakAla meM jisa viSaya kA pratyakSa huA hai aura uttarakAla meM punazca jaba usI viSaya kA pratyakSa hotA hai, to donoM ke pratyakSa se, vikalpa - vizeSa utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra, ina donoM ke madhya rahe hue vikalpa - vizeSa dvArA pratyakSa se hI arthakriyAkAritva kA nirNaya hotA hai| 3 - - ratnaprabhasUra dvArA bauddhoM kI samIkSA jaina bauddha - dArzanikoM ke ukta kathana kI samIkSA karate hue jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki pUrvakAla meM jisa kisI bhI padArtha kA pratyakSa huA hai, vaha pratyakSa kyA kAraNa kA huA thA ? yA kArya kA ? yA phira kAraNa aura kArya- donoM kA huA thA ? yaha batAyA jAe ki inameM se kisakA pratyakSa huA ? pUrvakAla meM jisakA pratyakSa huA, punaH usI viSaya - -- 60 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 707, 708 61 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 708 62 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 708 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 708 63
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kA pratyakSa uttarakAla meM bhI huA- aisA kathana to kara diyA, kinta yaha spaSTIkaraNa to kiyA hI nahIM ki vaha pratyakSa kisakA huA thA, kyoMki yaha to nizcita hai ki kAraNa yA kArya, yA ubhaya, inameM se kisI na kisI kA to vaha pratyakSa huA hogaa| kadAcit Apa (bauddha) yaha kaha deM ki pratyakSa to mAtra kAraNa kA hI jJAna karatA hai, arthAt jJAna kAraNa ko hI pratyakSa kA viSaya banAtA hai, kArya ko pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM banAtA hai, yA phira Apa yaha kaheM ki pratyakSa to mAtra kArya kA hI jJAna karatA hai, arthAta kArya ko pratyakSa kA viSaya banAtA hai, kAraNa ko nahIM, vaha to eka kA hI pratyakSa karegA, lekina dUsare kA pratyakSa kaise karegA ? kintu eka kA jJAna kare, aura dUsare kA jJAna nahIM kare, to yaha to ucita nahIM hai| kArya-kAraNabhAva to ubhaya-viSayaka haiN| isa ubhaya-viSayaka kA pratyakSa-jJAna kaise karegA, arthAt arthakriyAkAritva kA pratyakSa jJAna kaise karegA ? udAharaNasvarUpamiTTI se ghaTa kI utpatti hotI hai| vastutaH, miTTI aura ghaTa- donoM meM dravyatva to eka hI rahA huA hai| aba jaba miTTI se ghaTa kI paryAya banI, to hamane miTTIrUpa kAraNa kA bhI aura ghaTarUpI kArya kA bhI, arthAta donoM paryAyoM kA pratyakSIkaraNa kiyaa| isI prakAra, bAlyAvasthA se yauvanAvasthA kI prApti hotI hai, to bAlyAvasthA aura yauvanAvasthA- donoM kA pratyakSa hotA hai, kiMtu donoM ke bIca jo parivartana kI prakriyA hotI hai, usakA pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki padArtha, kAraNAvasthA aura kAryAvasthA- donoM avasthAoM meM maujUda rahatA hai aura donoM (kArya-kAraNabhAva)kA hI pratyakSa-jJAna hotA hai| dUsare, Apane (bauddha ne) pratyakSa se utpanna hone vAle vikalpa-vizeSa ko kArya aura kAraNa-donoM kA grAhaka arthAt ubhayagrAhI mAnA hai,to usa vikalpa-vizeSa se pratyakSIkaraNa kA nizcaya kaise hogA ? kyoMki Apane to pratyakSa ko yA to mAtra kAraNagrAhI mAnA hai, yA phira mAtra kAryagrAhI, aisA mAnane para pratyakSa kA jo vyApAra (kriyA) hai, vaha bhI vikalpa se hI nizcita huA, aisA mAnanA hogA, yA phira vikalpa ko bhI mAtra kisI eka kA grAhI mAnanA hogaa| yadi vikalpa bhI mAtra kAraNa kA athavA mAtra kArya kA grAhI hogA, to kisI eka kA grAhI hone se bhI arthakriyAkAritva kA nizcaya kaise hogA ? tAtparya yaha hai ki na to kArya yA kAraNa meM se kisI eka ke grAhI pratyakSa se arthakriyAkAritva kA nizcaya hotA hai, na kisI eka grAhI vikalpa se hI arthakriyAkAritva kA nizcaya hotA hai| ubhayagrAhI-pratyakSa se hI arthakriyAkAritva kA nizcaya hotA hai, jabaki Apa bauddhoM ne to pratyakSa ko nahIM, apitu vikalpa ko ubhayagrAhI
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________________ 100 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA mAnA hai, to ubhayagrAhI vikalpa se mAtra ekagrAhI-pratyakSa ke vyApAra kA, arthAt pratyakSa ke viSaya kA bodha kaise hogA? arthAt nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra, se, zabdAdi dharmI meM arthakriyAkAritvarUpa satva (hetu) pratyakSa-pramANa se pratIta hotA hai- aisA Apa bauddhoM kA kathana yukti-yukta nahIM hai, isalie Apa kSaNikavAdiyoM ko to kisI bhI prakAra se arthakriyA kI pratIti hotI nahIM hai, ataH, vAdI bauddhoM dvArA satva kI siddhi hetu arthakriyAkAritvarUpa jo hetu diyA gayA hai, vaha hetu asiddha hai, arthAt 'asiddha hetvAbhAsarUpa hai| punaH, jainAcArya bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki anekAntika hetvAbhAsa ke bhI do rUpa hote haiM- 1. saMdigdhAnekAntika hetvAbhAsa 2. nishcitaanekaantikhetvaabhaas| yadi hetu sAdhya ke abhAva meM, arthAt vipakSa meM nizcita rUpa se hotA hI ho, to vaha nizcita-anekAntikahetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra, yadi usake sAdhya ke vipakSa meM hone para kisI prakAra kI zaMkA ho, to vaha hetu saMdigdhAnekAntika-hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| Apane zabda (pakSa) kI kSaNikatA (sAdhya) ke lie satva-hetu diyA thaa| Apa bauddha-dArzanika vastu ko ekAntarUpa se kSaNika mAnate ho, isalie ApakI kSaNikatA kI avadhAraNA ekAntika hai, jabaki ApakA sAdhya arthAt satva, kSaNika evaM akSaNika arthAt nityAnitya- aise ubhaya-svabhAvavAlA hai| yadi vastu nityAnitya yA kSaNikAkSaNika- aisI ubhaya-svarUpavAlI hai, to vaha sAdhyAbhAva-rUpa vipakSa huii| isa prakAra, ekAnta-kSaNika nAmaka sAdhya kA kSaNikAkSaNika- yaha vipakSa huaa| kSaNikAkSaNika vastu meM arthakriyAkAritva krama se to ghaTita ho sakatA hai, parantu yugapat-rUpa se ghaTita hotA nahIM hai, ataH, kSaNikAkSaNika nAmaka vipakSa meM satva nAmaka sAdhya anirNaya kI sthiti meM hI rahatA hai| usameM bhI kramAkrama-rUpa se arthakriyAkAritva saMbhava ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra, satva-hetu vipakSa meM bhI saMbhava hai| isa AdhAra para, ApakA yaha anumAna ki 'zabda kSaNika hai, kyoMki vaha sat hai, saMdigdhAnekAntika-hetvAbhAsa se bhI yukta huaa| bauddha- isa hetvAbhAsa kI siddhi ke lie jainoM se Agraha karate hue bauddha kahate haiM ki kSaNikAkSaNika vastu meM kramAkrama nAmaka upalaMbha rahatA hai| ise Apa spaSTa kIjie ? isake pratyuttara meM jainoM kA kathana yaha hai ki 64 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 708, 709 65 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 709, 710
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 101 koI bhI eka kArya sampanna karake dUsarA kArya karanA- yaha krama hai| udAharaNasvarUpa-ghaTa hai, ghaTa meM jaladhAraNa karanA- yaha arthakriyA hai| pAnI se bharA huA ghaTa to eka hai, kintu usa ghaTa ko kramazaH (bArI-bArI se) aneka striyA~ uThAtI haiN| ghaTa ko mastaka para uThAne meM utsAha, uThAne kI zakti, Ayu, zarIra-sauSThava, dravyalAbha Adi ye sabhI sahakArI-kAraNa kahalAte haiN| ve sabhI striyA~ usa jala se bhare ghaTa ko bArI-bArI se mastaka para uThAtI haiN| yadyapi unako ghaTa uThAne meM zrama jarUra hotA hai, kintu cAhe upAdAna-kAraNarUpa padArtha ho, cAhe sahakArI-kAraNarUpa koI bhI kArya ho, kArya to kramapUrvaka hI hotA hai, akrama se kArya nahIM hotaa| ekAnta-kSaNikavAda meM to krama banatA nahIM hai, kSaNikAkSaNika meM hI krama banatA hai, ataH, satva kSaNikAkSaNika yA nityAnitya hai, yahI mAnanA hogaa| punaH, jaina bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki Apa (bauddha) kadAcit yaha tarka deM ki bIja meM ugane kI zakti rahI huI hai| bIja meM ugane kI vaha zakti to ugate samaya bhI hai aura ugane se pahale bhI thii| bIja meM se aMkura utpanna hotA hai| bIja meM se aMkura ke nikalate samaya se bIja kI usa zakti kI abhivyakti hotI hai| abhivyakti kI dRSTi se to bIja krama se hI ugegaa| ugane kI sthiti meM akrama saMbhava nhiiN| sattA meM ugane kI paryAya to avazya rahatI hai, kintu vaha paryAya bhI krama se hI abhivyakta hotI hai| jaba Apa bauddha-dArzanika yaha kahate haiM ki bIja meM ugane kI zakti to dIrghakAla se, arthAta usake astitva meM Ane ke samaya se rahI haI hai, to phira Apa bhalA padArtha ko kSaNika kaise mAna sakate ho| isase ApakA kSaNikavAda to khaMDita ho gayA, ataH, Apako padArtha ko kramAkrama se arthakriyA karane vAlA tathA nityAnitya hI mAnanA hogaa| ekAntarUpa se padArtha ko kSaNika mAnane kI ApakI avadhAraNA ucita nahIM hai|" bauddha - isa para, bauddha jainoM se prazna karate haiM ki yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki bIja meM ugane kI zakti hai aura bIja se hI aMkura utpanna hotA hai, arthAt kAraNa se kArya utpanna hotA hai, binA kAraNa ke kArya kI utpatti meM samaya laga sakatA hai, kintu sampUrNarUpeNa samartha kAraNa ke hote hue kArya ke utpanna hone meM samaya kyoM lagatA hai ? tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba 66 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri pR. 710 67 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri pR. 710
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________________ 102 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bIja meM ugane kI zakti hai, to phira tatkAla hI aMkura utpanna ho jAnA cAhie, aMkura ke utpanna hone meM vilamba kyoM hotA hai ? 68 jaina jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM isa prazna kA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki koI bhI padArtha binA vilaMba ke tatkAla hI kArya karane meM samartha hotA hai- aisA ekAnta - siddhAMta hama nahIM mAnate haiM / pratyeka padArtha meM dravya aura paryAya ubhayAtmaka-dharma rahe hue haiM / dravyarUpa se, arthAt upAdAna - kAraNa ke rUpa meM jo zakti padArtha meM hai, usa apekSA se padArtha kArya karane meM samartha kahalAtA hai (dravya kI apekSA se padArtha kArya karane meM samartha hotA hai), kintu sahakArI - nimitta kAraNoM ke abhAva meM kArya nahIM hotA hai, arthAt navInaparyAya prakaTa nahIM hotI hai, ataH, paryAya kI apekSA se vahI padArtha kArya karane meM asamartha bhI kahA jAtA hai| - punaH, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki anAja kI koThI ke tala meM jo bIja hai, vaha bIja bhI miTTI, pAnI, havA evaM prakAza- ina sahakArI - kAraNoM ke milane para hI aMkurita ho pAtA hai| cU~ki koThI ke bIja meM prathamataH ugane kI zakti thI ( upAdAna - kAraNa svayaM meM upasthita thA), kintu sahakArI (nimitta ) kAraNoM ke milane para hI vaha aMkurita ho pAtA hai, lekina kucha bIja aise bhI hote haiM, jinameM ugane kI zakti hI nahIM hai, arthAt unakI ugane kI zakti naSTa ho cukI hai, unako cAhe kitane hI sahakArI - kAraNa mila jAeM, kintu uga nahIM sakate haiM, ataH, jisa bIja meM ugane kI zaktirUpa paryAya naSTa ho gaI hai, vaha ugane meM asamartha hai / padArtha dravya kI apekSA se sAmarthya vAlA ho sakatA hai, kintu paryAya kI apekSA se sAmarthyarahita ho sakatA hai| yadi hama yaha mAna leM ki bIja meM ugane kI zakti to hai, kintu yadi use vaise sahakArI - kAraNa nahIM milate haiM, to vaha uga bhI nahIM sakatA hai, isalie hama jainoM kA kathana hai ki bIjarUpa vaha dravya samartha aura asamartha, akSepakriyA -kSepakriyA (vilaMba - avilaMba) ubhayAtmaka svabhAva vAlA hai, jisameM kisI prakAra kI koI bAdhA utpanna nahIM hotI / bauddha bauddha- dArzanika jainoM ke samakSa yaha Apatti prastuta karate haiM ki yaha ThIka hai ki Apa (jaina) jo yaha kahate haiM ki koThI ke bIja - dravya meM paryAya - zakti anabhivyakta rahatI hai, kyoMki binA - 68 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 711 69 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 711, 712
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 103 sahakArI-kAraNoM ke koThI meM rahA haA koI bIja ugatA nahIM hai, kintu bhUmi meM rahA huA vahI bIja sahakArI-kAraNoM ke milane para apanI paryAya-zakti ko abhivyakta kara aMkurita ho jAtA hai, to hama bauddha Apa jaina-dArzanikoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki bIja-dravya meM rahI huI vaha paryAya-zakti, arthAta ugane kI zakti 'bIja' dravya se 1. bhinna hai ? yA 2. abhinna hai ? yA 3. bhinnAbhinna hai ? yadi Apa paryAya-zakti ko bIja-dravya se bhinna kahate ho, to bhalA usa paryAya-zakti se bIja-dravya ko kyA lAbha hai ? yathA- andhe kI A~kha meM aMjana lagAne se kyA phAyadA ? aMjana se sundaratA meM koI vizeSa vRddhi to hone vAlI nahIM hai| isI prakAra jaba paryAya bIja-dravya se bhinna hI hai, to paryAya se dravya ko kyA lAbha hone vAlA hai ? arthAt kucha bhI nahIM, ataH, bhUmi meM par3e hue usa bIja ko bhI koThI ke bIja ke samAna hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| bIja-dravya se havA, pAnI, miTTI, prakAza (Atapa) Adi sahakArI-kAraNa atyanta bhinna hote hue bhI unakI sannidhi (samIpatA) se bIja-dravya aMkurita ho sakatA hai, ataH, dravya se dravya kI paryAya to bhinna hI pratIta hotI hai| cAhe vaha paryAya-zakti bIjarUpa meM dravya meM hI kyoM na nihita ho, kintu vaha pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM banatI hai| havA, pAnI, miTTI, Atapa Adi sahakArI-kAraNa bIja-dravya se bhinna hote hue bhI bIja-dravya ko unakA sAnnidhya milane para bIja uga sakate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba sahakArI-kAraNa hI bIja-dravya ko aMkura ke rUpa meM utpanna karate haiM, to phira dravya meM payAryazakti ko mAnane kI bhI kyA AvazyakatA hai| dUsare, yadi paryAya-zakti aura sahakArI-kAraNadonoM hI bIja-dravya se bhinna hI haiM, to phira sahakArI-kAraNoM ko hI kyoM na bIja-dravya ke ugane kA hetu mAna liyA jAe ? sahakArI-kAraNa to hamAre pratyakSa kA bhI viSaya banate haiN| yadi Apa paryAya-zakti ko mAna bhI leMge, to bIja-dravya ko to koI lAbha nahIM hai, ataH, sahakArI-kAraNoM ko hI kArya kA hetu mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ?" punaH, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki yaha ThIka hai ki bIja-dravya ko ugane meM sahakArI-kAraNoM kI ahama bhUmikA ho, kintu sahakArI-kAraNa bhI bIja-dravya se to atyanta bhinna hI haiM, to phira sahakArI-kAraNoM ke mAnane se bhI bIja-dravya ko kucha vizeSa lAbha to hone vAlA nahIM hai, phira bIja kisase ugegA ? kyA bIja meM jo ugane kI 70 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 712
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________________ 104 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA zakti hai, usase ugegA yA phira sahakArI-kAraNoM se ugegA ? bIja sahakArI-kAraNoM ke abhAva meM svayaM kI zakti se to uga nahIM sakatA hai ? dUsare, yadi bIja atyanta bhinna sahakArI-kAraNoM se hI ugegA, to sahakArI-kAraNoM meM bhI bIja ke yogya anukUla sahakArI-kAraNa hoMge, to hI ugegA, arthAt miTTI, pAnI, havA, prakAza Adi meM bhI bIja ko ugane kI vaisI yogyatA ho, to hI sahakArI-kAraNoM se bIja ugegaa| akele pAnI se bIja uga nahIM sktaa| akelI miTTI se bhI bIja uga nahIM sktaa| akelI havA se bhI bIja uga nahIM sktaa| miTTI ke sAtha pAnI kA saMyoga ho, arthAt gIlI miTTI ho, havA meM namI ho tathA Atapa, arthAt sUrya kI UrjA ho ina sabhI anukUla saMyogoM ke milane para hI to bIja meM ugane kI zakti paidA hotI hai| yadi bIja meM hI ugane kI zakti ho, to phira koThI ke tala bhAga meM rahA bIja kyoM nahIM uga jAtA? yadi Apa jaina kahate haiM ki miTTI, havA, pAnI, prakAza Adi vizeSa sahakArI kAraNoM ke binA bhI anya kinhIM sahakArI-kAraNoM se bhI bIja uga sakatA hai, to hama bauddhoM kA yaha prazna hai ki phira to tInoM loka ke samasta padArthoM ko bhI sahakArI-kAraNa bana jAnA cAhie aura kisI bhI sahakArI-kAraNa se bIja uga sakatA hai ? vastutaH to, bIja sahakArI-kAraNoM ke sahayoga se hI ugatA hai, kintu sahakArI-kAraNoM meM bhI, jinameM ugAne kI vizeSa zakti hogI, unhIM se bIja ugegaa| cAhe bIja meM ugane kI zakti bhI ho, kintu vizeSa sahakArI-kAraNoM ke milane para hI bIja uga sakatA hai, anyathA bIja meM ugane kI zakti ho to bhI bIja uga nahIM sktaa| dUsare, yadi vizeSa sahakArI-kAraNa bhI usa ugAne kI vizeSatA ko prApta nahIM karate haiM, to ve usa vizeSatA ke abhAva meM sahayogI kaise baneMge ? arthAt nahIM bneNge| jo sahakArI-kAraNa bIja-dravya meM nihita ugane kI vizeSa-zakti ko abhivyakta nahIM karA sakate hoM, ve sahakArI-kAraNa bhI sahakArI-kAraNa hone kI yogyatA (sahakArI-kAraNatA) ko kaise prApta kareMge? punaH, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki kyA eka atizaya-vizeSa dUsare atizaya-vizeSa ko utpanna karatA hai ? dUsarA atizaya-vizeSa tIsare atizaya-vizeSa ko utpanna karatA hai ? isa krama meM to anavasthA-doSa utpanna ho jAegA, ataH, Apa jainoM se hama bauddhoM kA
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 105 kahanA hai ki Apa paryAya-zakti ko bIja-dravya se bhinna mAneMge, to usameM doSa utpanna hogaa| isalie ApakA yaha bhinna pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai|" punaH, bauddha jainoM se kahate haiM ki yadi Apa paryAya-zakti ko bIja-dravya se abhinna mAnate haiM, to paryAya-zakti ko utpanna karane vAlA to padArtha hI hai, arthAta jisameM paryAya-zakti prakaTa hogI, vaha to dravya hI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki dravya meM se hI paryAya utpanna huI hai| bIja meM hI aMkara paidA hone kI zakti rahI huI hai, isalie dravya (padArtha) kRtaka arthAt paryAya ko karane vAlA huA, yathA-bIja meM se hI aMkura paidA hote haiN| dravya (padArtha) kRtaka hone ke kAraNa dravya yA padArtha kSaNika ho gyaa| yadi padArtha kSaNika hai tathA padArtha se paryAya abhinna hai, arthAt padArtha aura paryAya- donoM eka hI haiM, to padArtha se paryAya bhinna kaise hogI ? sAtha hI, yadi padArtha kSaNika hai, to kSaNika padArtha se bhI paryAya kaise banegI? arthAt nahIM banegI, ataH, yahI siddha hotA hai ki padArtha kSaNika haiN| isa prakAra, Apa jainoM kA yaha dUsarA tarka bhI ucita nahIM hai| aba, yadi Apa jaina tIsarA pakSa grahaNa kareM, arthAta paryAya-zakti ko bIja-dravya se bhinnAbhinna kaheM, to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki uparyukta donoM pakSa mAnane meM to, 'abhinna pakSa mAnane meM vahI kSaNikatA kI siddhi hogI aura 'bhinna pakSa mAnane para padArtha aura paryAya meM koI sambandha hI siddha nahIM hogA, ataH, Apa jaina yaha batAie ki phira Apake siddhAntAnusAra paryAya-zakti kyA hai ? jaina- bauddha-dArzanikoM ke isa prazna kA uttara dete hue jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabha kahate haiM ki Apane (bauddhoM ne) isa prakAra, jo tIna prazna upasthita kie haiM- 1. kyA paryAya-zakti dravya se bhinna hai ? yA 2. paryAya-zakti dravya se abhinna hai ? yA 3. paryAya zakti dravya se bhinnAbhinna hai ? Apake ina tInoM praznoM meM se hama to antima bhinnAbhinna-pakSa ko svIkAra karate haiM, kyoMki paryAya dravya se na ekAnta-bhinna haiM, na ekAnta-abhinna hai, apitu paryAya dravya se bhinnAbhinna hai| isa tIsare bhinnAbhinna-pakSa meM to kisI bhI prakAra ke doSa kI saMbhAvanA bhI nahIM rahatI 71 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 712. 713 72 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 713 73 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 713
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________________ 106 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA hai| Apa bauddhoM ne hamAre dvArA isa tIsare pakSa ko mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM jo yaha AkSepa lagAyA ki yadi hama jaina paryAya-zakti ko dravya se bhinnAbhinna mAnate haiM, to prathamataH paryAya-zakti dravya se abhinna hone ke kAraNa paryAya ko utpanna karane vAlA dravya kSaNika ho jAegA, kyoMki paryAya kSaNika hai, kintu isa sambandha meM hama jainoM kA uttara yaha hai ki hama jaina padArtha yA dravya ko ekAnta-nitya bhI nahIM mAnate haiM, jisase kisI apekSA-vizeSa se padArtha meM kSaNikatA ko svIkAra karane meM koI doSa utpanna ho ? hama jaina to samasta padArthoM ko dravyArthikanaya kI apekSA se akSaNika (nitya) bhI mAnate haiM, to paryAyArthikanaya kI apekSA se kSaNika bhI mAnate haiN| hama jaina to Apake ekAnta-kSaNikavAda kA hI khaNDana karate haiM, kathaMcit-kSaNikatva to hameM bhI abhiSTa hI hai| Apa bauddha mAtra ekAnta-kSaNikatA ke pakSadhara haiM, isI kAraNa se hamArA Apase virodha hai|" bauddha - isa para bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki Apa jainoM ke anusAra bhI paryAya ke kSaNika hone se paryAya se abhinna dravya bhI to kSaNika hI hogaa| Apa jaina yaha mAnate haiM ki paryAya pratikSaNa badalatI rahatI hai, to pratikSaNa badalane vAlI paryAya to kSaNika hI hogI, ataH, paryAya aura dravya to kSaNika hI hoMge, kathaMcit kSaNika nahIM hoNge| jaina - jaina kahate haiM ki hama paryAya ko bhI dravya se kathaMcit-bhinna mAnate haiM, ekAnta-abhinna nahIM mAnate haiN| hama paryAya ko kathaMcit-bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna- aisI ubhayAtmaka (bhinnAbhinna) mAnate haiN| bauddha - isa para bauddha yaha Apatti uThAte haiM ki eka hI dravya paryAya ke sAtha kathaMcit-bhinna aura kathaMcit-abhinna (bhedAbhedarUpa) kaise ho sakatA? donoM meM paraspara virodha hone se eka hI sthAna meM aura eka hI samaya meM donoM eka sAtha kaise raha sakate haiM ?" jaina - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke isa tarka kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki eka hI dravya kA apanI paryAya se eka hI samaya meM do 14 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 713, 714 75 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 714 76 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 714 77 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 714
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bhinna apekSAoM se bheda aura abheda- donoM hone meM kisI bhI prakAra kA koI virodha utpanna nahIM hotA hai| pratyeka dravya paryAya kI apekSA se bhedarUpa hai aura dravya kI apekSA se abhedarUpa hai| apekSA -bheda se vidhi aura niSedha ( prayoga - aprayoga ) karane para koI virodha utpanna nahIM ho jAtA hai| do bhinna apekSAoM se paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle koI bhI kathana virodhI nahIM ho jAte haiM / kathana meM paraspara virodha hone para bhI yadi ekAntataH virodha hI samajha liyA jAegA, to phira atiprasaMga (ativyApti) doSa utpanna ho jaaegaa| paraspara-virodhI kathana ko isa prakAra, samajhA jA sakatA hai| 78 "atyanta duHkha hRdaya ko cheda detA hai, kintu phira bhI hRdaya ke do Tukar3e nahIM karatA, Akula-vyAkula vyakti kA zarIra mUcchita ho jAtA hai, kintu cetanA kA nAza nahIM hotA, aMdara kI Aga zarIra ko jalA detI hai, kintu phira bhI deha rAkha nahIM bana jaatii| hama jo cAhate haiM, bhAgya usako vinaSTa kara detA hai, arthAt hamAre jIvana ke lakSya ko samApta kara detA hai, kintu jIva ko samApta nahIM kara detA / " ina udAharaNoM meM eka hI vyakti meM 'naJ' kA prayoga aura aprayoga (vidhi aura niSedha) donoM ke hone se virodha kA prasaMga to hai| vastutaH, isa prakAra ke zloka ke artha meM bhI virodha haiaisA to mAnanA hI par3egA, jaise- isa zlokArtha ke cAroM padoM meM varNita pUrva-bhAga meM 'naJ' kA prayoga nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu uttara - bhAga meM 'naJ' kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, arthAt kathana kI apekSA se bhinnatA ho sakatI hai, kintu virodha nahIM hotA hai, vyatireka-avyatireka (bheda - abheda) meM virodha nahIM hotA hai / " hama jaina dravya aura paryAya ke bhedAbheda - svarUpa kA kathana isa prakAra se karate haiM nitya-padArtha se kisI paryAya - vizeSa ke bheda kA kathana jisa rUpa meM karate haiM, usI rUpa meM usake abheda kA kathana nahIM karate haiN| hama jaina, 'yaha dravya hai' 'yaha isakI paryAya hai' arthAt yaha mRttikA ( dravya) ghaTAkAra (paryAya) rUpa hai - isa prakAra, dravya aura paryAya ke bheda kA kathana karate haiM, kintu jaba dravya aura paryAya ke abheda kA kathana karanA ho, to cAhe dravya ho yA paryAya ho - donoM ke lie 'yaha vastu hai aisA abhedarUpa kathana karate haiN| yahA~ bauddhoM para AkSepa karate hue jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabha kahate haiM ki Apa bauddha - dArzanika bhI eka hI vijJAna-kSaNa ko savikalpaka 78 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 714 79 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 714, 715 107
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA aura nirvikalpaka, bhrAnta aura abhrAnta, pUrvakSaNa kI apekSA se kAryarUpa aura uttara-kSaNa kI apekSA se kAraNarUpa mAnakara paraspara virodhI ubhayAtmaka - svarUpa ko svayaM svIkAra karate hI haiM, kintu dUsarI ora hama jainoM dvArA mAne gae bhedAbheda meM paraspara virodha kahakara doSa dikhAte haiM, yaha ApakA duHsAhasa hI hai| isa prakAra, krama aura akrama dvArA arthakriyA Apake ekAMta-kSaNikavAda ke virodhI hamAre kSaNikAkSaNikavAda yA nityAnityavAda meM bhI saMbhava hotI hai, isalie 'jo sat hotA hai, vaha arthakriyAkArI hotA hai- Apake isa siddhAnta meM saMdigdhAnekAntika- doSa siddha hotA hai| 80 108 punaH, ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke ekAnta-kSaNika pakSa kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM- Apa (bauddha) samasta padArthoM ko ekAnta-kSaNika mAnate haiM, kintu padArtha meM apekSAbheda se dravyatva arthAt dhrauvyatva-guNa rahA huA hai, jisako janma se cakSuhIna rahane ke kAraNa Apa dekhate nahIM haiN| ApakA yaha tarka ki krama aura akrama dvArA ekAnta - kSaNika meM arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hotI hai, viruddhahetvAbhAsa - doSa se tathA saMdigdhAnekAntika- doSa se grasta hai| krama do prakAra kA hotA hai- eka, deza-krama tathA dUsarA, kAla-krama | dezakrama use kahate haiM- sarovara ke jala meM atizaya caMcala taraMgoM ke Upara tairate hue ramaNIya haMsoM kI paMktibaddha zreNI 'krama' kahalAtI hai tathA mana ko AlhAdita karane vAle bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM para paMktibaddha baiThe hue haMsa- yugaloM kA krama 'dezakrama' kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra, eka hI ghaTa meM anukrama se madhu, mahuA, tela, ghRta, dUdha, pAnI Adi eka ke bAda eka kramazaH bhinna-bhinna padArthoM ke dhAraNa karane kI jo kriyA hotI hai, use kAlakrama kahate haiM, kintu Apa bauddhoM ke ekAnta - kSaNikavAda meM na to dezakrama saMbhava hai aura na kAlakrama hI saMbhava hai, kyoMki koI bhI padArtha yA to kisI deza (sthAna) krama se athavA kisI kAlakrama se hI koI kriyA kara sakatA hai, kintu kisI kriyA ke karate hI jo padArtha naSTa ho gayA ho, usa padArtha meM deza yA kAla ke anukrama se koI kriyA karane kA guNa to rahA hI nahIM hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki padArtha ko ekAnta-kSaNika mAnane vAle Apa bauddhoM ke anusAra to kisI eka deza athavA kAla meM rahA huA padArtha, eka kriyA karake naSTa ho gayA ho, to vaha punaH usI deza aura usI kAla meM kaunasI kriyA karegA ? jaba kSaNika - ekAntavAda mUla dravya hI samApta ho gayA, to 80 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 715 *
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 109 phira padArtha meM arthakriyA kA krama kaise banegA ? arthAt ekAnta-kSaNikavAda meM krama nahIM bnegaa|" punaH, jaina kahate haiM ki bauddhoM ke ekAnta-kSaNikavAda meM akrama bhI ghaTita nahIM ho sakatA hai, 'yogapadya' arthAt eka hI sAtha arthakriyA hotI hai, aisA ApakA yaha pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jo padArtha kSaNika aura niraMza hai, vaha padArtha apane nija svabhAva se svayaM ko utpanna karane yogya banAtA hai- Apa bauddhoM kA yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai| kyA vaha padArtha apane usI svabhAva se, usI samaya, usa padArtha ko tathA usake jJAna ko utpanna karatA hai, arthAt jisa svabhAva se, jisa samaya, jJAna utpanna karatA hai, usI svabhAva se, usI samaya, padArtha ke AkAra ko bhI utpanna karatA hai? yaha mata bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki padArtha ke AkAra ko aura usa AkAra ke jJAna ko utpanna karane meM do bhinna svabhAva apekSita haiM ? koI bhI padArtha apane nijI svabhAva se hI utpanna hotA hai, kyoMki utpanna hone kI vaisI yogyatA usa padArtha meM upAdAna-rUpa meM rahI huI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa, koI ghaTa hai| aba yadi yaha ghaTa, ghaTa ke rUpa meM utpanna hotA hai, to sarvaprathama usakA AkAra utpanna hogo, arthAt hamAre mAnasa meM ghaTAkAra pratibimbita hogaa| usake pazcAt, 'yaha ghaTa hai- aisA jJAna utpanna hogaa| yahA~ jaina bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki Apa padArtha ko kSaNika aura niraMza- donoM hI mAnate haiM, to phira yaha batAie ki padArtha, padArtha kA AkAra aura usakA jJAna- ye tInoM eka hI samaya meM kaise saMbhava hoMge? udAharaNArtha, ghaTa utpanna hote samaya ghaTAkAratA ko dhAraNa karatA hai, to vaha rUpakSaNa hai aura yaha ghaTa hai- aisA bhI jJAna karatA hai, vaha jJAnakSaNa hai| aba Apa yaha batAie ki hamAre jJAna meM ghaTAkAra kA jo bodha huA, vaha ghaTAkAra aura jJAna donoM bhinna-bhinna haiM yA eka hI haiN| yadi Apa ghaTAkAra aura usake jJAna ko eka sAtha honA mAnate haiM, to donoM kA bodha eka sAtha kaise hogA? kyoMki padArtha, padArtha kA AkAra aura usakA jJAna- inako eka sAtha mAnane se to ApakA kSaNikavAda kahA~ rahA ? jaba padArtha ke AkAra kA bodha huA, taba vaha padArtha to naSTa ho gayA aura jo naSTa ho gayA, usakA jJAna kaise hogA? ataH, prazna utpanna hotA hai ki 'rUpakSaNa' aura 'jJAnakSaNa kA svabhAva eka hI hai ? yA bhinna-bhinna hai ? prathama-pakSa ke samarthana meM yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki jisa svabhAva se padArtha utpanna hotA 81 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 715, 716
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA hai, usI svabhAva se usI samaya jJAna bhI ho jAtA hai / yadi donoM ko eka hI svabhAva se utpanna honA mAnA jAe, to ghaTAkAra aura ghaTajJAna- donoM eka hI rUpa ho jaaeNge| donoM meM koI antara rahegA hI nhiiN| phira to, jJAna svayaM hI padArthasvarUpa bana jAegA, to phira jJAna kA viSaya kyA rahegA ? Apake isa mata ke anusAra to rUpakSaNa hI jJAnakSaNa ko prApta ho jAegA, athavA jJAnakSaNa rUpakSaNa ko prApta ho jAegA, ataH, rUpakSaNa aura jJAnakSaNa ko eka hI svabhAva mAnanA - yaha prathama- pakSa ucita nahIM hai| jisa svabhAva se rUpakSaNa utpanna hotA hai, usI svabhAva se jJAnakSaNa bhI utpanna hotA hai, to rUpakSaNa ko jJAnakSaNa mAnane kI Apatti AegI, kyoMki donoM eka svabhAvajanya hone se vivakSita rUpakSaNa jJAnakSaNa ko prApta ho jaaegaa| isa prakAra, se; padArtha, padArtha kA AkAra aura padArtha kA jJAna- tInoM eka ho jAeMge, to bodha kisakA hogA ? donoM ko eka mAna leMge, to bheda rahegA nahIM / aba yadi Apa tIsare pakSa ke saMbaMdha meM aisA mAnate haiM ki padArtha kA AkAra (rUpakSaNa) kisI bhinna svabhAva se utpanna hotA hai aura padArtha kA jJAna (jJAnakSaNa ) kisI bhinna svabhAva se utpanna hotA hai aura aisA jo svabhAvAntara - rUpa tIsarA pakSa svIkAra kareMge, to ApakA yaha tIsarA pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai| isase ApakA kSaNikavAda hI khaMDita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki rUpakSaNa arthAt padArtha kA AkAra, jisako Apa kSaNika aura anaMza (sampUrNa) mAnate haiM, to aise anaMza kA Tukar3e-Tukar3e meM jJAna honA asaMbhava hai / padArtha kA bodha to pUrNarUpeNa hotA hai, cAhe vaha kSaNika svabhAva vAlA hI ho / yadi Apa rUpakSaNa aura jJAnakSaNa meM svabhAvAntara arthAt bheda ko svIkAra karate ho, to phira ApakA padArtha 'kSaNika aura anaMza' svarUpa vAlA nahIM rahegA, kyoMki padArtha ke kSaNika aura anaMza - svarUpa meM bheda utpanna ho jAegA / rUpakSaNa aura jJAnakSaNa meM bheda karane para ApakA ekAnta-kSaNikavAda khaMDita ho jAegA aura svabhAva-bheda ke kAraNa anaMza bhI sAMza (bhedarUpa) ho jaaegaa| aisA rUpakSaNa aura jJAnakSaNa meM svabhAva - bheda hone se Apake bauddha-mata kA kSaNikavAda, anaMzavAda samApta ho jAegA, kyoMki eka samaya meM eka hI svabhAva ke saMbhava hone se kAlAntara meM dUsarA svabhAva utpanna ho jAne se kSaNikavAda' nahIM rahatA hai| eka hI padArtha (rUpakSaNa) meM bhinna-bhinna do svabhAva kramazaH hone para vastu anaMza nahIM rahatI hai, vaha to sAMza ho jAtI hai| 82 110 82 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 716, 717
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 111 bauddha - bauddha-dArzanika ina takoM kA uttara dete hue kahate haiM ki yadyapi hama padArtha ko kSaNika aura anaMza (eka svabhAva vAlA) hI mAnate haiM, kintu sAmagrI ke bheda se vaha bhinna-bhinna kArya ko karane vAlA bana jAtA hai| cUMki padArtha meM to rUpakSaNa aura jJAnakSaNa- donoM kA bodha karAne kA svabhAva rahA huA hai, kintu vaha svabhAva sAmagrI ke bheda se bhinna-bhinna bodha karAtA hai, yathA - ghaTa eka hI hai, kintu vahI ghaTa kabhI jaladhAraNa karatA hai, kabhI dUdha dhAraNa karatA hai, kabhI ghRta, tela, gur3a Adi dhAraNa karatA hai| isa prakAra, bhinna-bhinna sAmagrI ke kAraNa eka hI ghaTa bhinna-bhinna arthakriyA vAlA hone se usakA jJAna bhI bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| jaba ghaTa meM dUdha yA ghRta hotA hai, to yaha dUdha kA ghaTa hai, yaha ghRta kA ghaTa hai- aisA bhinna-bhinna jJAna hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki nimittakAraNabhUta-sAmagrI se bhI bhinna-bhinna arthakriyA ke kArya hote haiM, arthAta nimitta-bheda se aneka kArya hote haiM, ataH, aisA bhinna-bhinna kathana karane meM kaunasI bAdhA utpanna hotI hai ? jaina - bauddha-mata ke ukta kathana kI samIkSA karate hue jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki eka hI svabhAva vAlA padArtha sAmagrI-bheda se bhinna-bhinna svabhAva ko dhAraNa kara letA hai, Apa bauddhoM ne aisA jo kathana kiyA hai, ApakA yaha kathana to Apake kathana se hI khaNDita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki eka tarapha to Apa padArtha ko kSaNika mAnate haiM, dUsarI tarapha, bhinna-bhinna sAmagrI ko dhAraNa karane kI bAta karate haiM, to donoM paraspara virodhI bAteM kaise sambhava hogI ? vastutaH to, kisI eka nityasvarUpa (svabhAva) vAlA padArtha bhinna-bhinna sAmagrI ke bheda se bhinna-bhinna kArya karane vAlA hI kahA jAegA, yathA- ghaTa eka hI hai, jo akSaNika (nitya) svabhAva vAlA hai, yaha ghaTa kabhI jala, to kabhI dUdha, to kabhI tela Adi bhinna-bhinna sAmagriyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| bhinna-bhinna sAmagrI ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna kriyA karane vAlA kahalAtA hai, ataH, Apako padArtha ko kSaNika na mAnakara akSaNika (sApekSika-nitya) svabhAva vAlA mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai? padArtha ko nitya mAnane vAle sAMkhya-mata ko bhI Apane sadoSa batA diyaa| sAMkhya bhI prakRti ko eka, nitya, pariNAmI mAnate haiM evaM eka hI prakRti ko sAmagrI-bheda se bhinna kArya karane vAlI mAnate haiM, ataH, Apako bhI padArtha ko sApekSika-rUpa se akSaNika (nitya) evaM eka svabhAva vAlA 83 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 717
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA mAna lenA caahie| Apake uparyukta kathana se to Apake ekAnta - kSaNikavAda kI siddhi kaise hogI ? Apake kSaNika - ekAntapakSa meM 'yugapat akrama vAlA pakSa bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, arthAt Apake kSaNikavAda meM krama yA akrama se hone vAlI arthakriyA saMbhava nahIM hone se ApakA "satva hetu' viruddha - hetvAbhAsa se yukta siddha hotA hai| 24 112 punazca jainAcArya bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki sabhI padArtha 'ekAnta - kSaNakSayI hI haiM- ise siddha karane ke lie Apa jo yaha anumAna prastuta karate haiM ki pratyeka padArtha nirapekSa hai, unase anya sahAyaka sAmagrI kI apekSA nahIM hai, to hamArA Apase yaha prazna hai ki jaise koI padArtha utpanna ho rahA hai, to utpanna hote samaya meM vaha antima kAraNasAmagrI hI kAraNarUpa meM rahI yA usake pUrva kI sahAyaka - sAmagrI ke rUpa meM sahAyaka rahI ? udAharaNasvarUpa, bIja miTTI meM par3A hai, jala, havA, miTTI, khAda, Atapa Adi sahAyaka - sAmagrI se dhIre-dhIre aMkurita hotA hai, to bIja ke aMkuraNa hone meM ina sabhI sahAyaka - sAmagriyoM meM se mAtra antima kAraNa - sAmagrI hI kAraNarUpa meM rahatI hai, arthAt jisa samaya aMkuraNa huA ( bIja phUTA ), usa samaya hI vaha sAmagrI thI yA pahale bhI thI ? yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki mAtra antima kAraNa - sAmagrI se hI bIja aMkurita huA, to aisA kabhI saMbhava hI nahIM hai, kyoMki kyA Apa bauddha yaha batA sakate haiM ki antima kAraNa - sAmagrI kaunasI hai ? kyA Apa mAtra jala ko, yA havA ko, yA miTTI ko, yA khAda ko inameM se kisako antima kAraNa - sAmagrI mAneMge ? inameM se kisI eka ko hI antima kAraNa - sAmagrI mAnane para to usa eka se to kabhI bIja aMkurita ho hI nahIM sktaa| yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki yaha antima kAraNa - sAmagrI pUrva meM bhI thI, to vaha nirapekSa kahA~ rahI aura kSaNakSayI bhI kahA~ rahI ? vastutaH, bIja to bIja ke yogya sabhI sahAyaka kAraNa - sAmagriyoM ke sahayoga se hI utpanna hotA hai / padArtha sarvathA nirapekSa hokara utpanna nahIM ho sakatA, usameM kahIM na kahIM, kisI na kisI rUpa meM sApekSatA rahI huI hai| jaba Apa bauddha saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM ko sApekSa mAnate haiM, to usameM nirapekSatA kahA~ rhii| jaba Apa bAhyArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra hI nahIM karate, to bAhyArtha ko svIkAra kie binA Apa 84 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 717
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kaise kaha sakate haiM ki padArtha sApekSa hai athavA nirapekSa ? aise kathana se to ApakA kSaNikavAda hI sarvaprathama khaMDita ho jAtA hai | 85 punaH, Apa bauddha yadi aisA hI kahate haiM ki antima kAraNa - sAmagrI se hI bIja utpanna hotA hai aura use kisI anya kAraNa - sAmagrI kI apekSA nahIM rahatI, to isI prakAra, pratikSaNa vinazvara svabhAva vAle padArtha ko bhI kisI anya sApekSa padArtha (anya kAraNa - sAmagrI) kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, kyoMki pratyeka padArtha kSaNakSayI svabhAva vAle haiN| pUrvakSaNa meM utpanna hote hI uttarakSaNa meM naSTa ho jAte haiM, ataH, kSaNakSayI - padArtha nirapekSa hI hote haiM, unheM kisI bhI vinAzaka - sAmagrI kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai / punaH, jaina kahate haiM ki ekAnta-kSaNikavAda kI siddhi meM Apa (bauddha) jo yaha tarka prastuta kara rahe haiM ki sabhI padArthoM ko svayaM ke vinAza ke lie anya vinAzaka - sAmagrI kI apekSA nahIM hone se ve nirapekSa hote haiM, to ApakA yaha hetu asiddhahetvAbhAsa se grasita hone se padArtha kI siddhi kaise kara pAegA? jaba ApakA hetu hI asiddha hai, to phira padArtha kI siddhi kaise kareMge ? mAna lo ki eka ghaTa hai, yadi vaha ghaTa vinaSTa hotA hai, to kaise vinaSTa hotA hai ? kyA yaha apane hI vinAzazIla svabhAva se naSTa huA? ApakA yaha hetu to pakSa meM saMbhava nahIM hai| vastutaH, kisI balavAn puruSa ke hAtha meM rahe hue mudgara ke pracaMDa prahAra se vaha ghaTa naSTa ho jAtA hai, arthAt phUTa jAtA hai, to yaha mAnanA hogA ki ghaTa ke vinaSTa hone meM puruSa evaM mudgara Adi nimitta - kAraNa - sAmagrI hI kAraNabhUta rhii| aisA mAnane para to vinAza meM bhI apekSA rahI huI hai, isalie hama jaina yaha kahate haiM ki ApakA hetu pakSa meM, arthAt vastu ke vinAzazIla svabhAva yA kSaNika - ekAnta meM ghaTita nahIM hotA hai, ataH ApakA hetu asiddhahetvAbhAsa nAmaka doSa se grasita hai| 86 113 bauddha - yahA~ bauddha apane mata kI puSTi karate hue jainoM se kahate haiM ki hamArA hetu asiddhahetvAbhAsa nahIM hai, apitu sAdhya kI siddhi meM sAdhanabhUta hai| Apa hamAre hetu ko asiddha nahIM kaha skte| Apake dvArA dI gaI asiddhatA hamAre hetu meM ghaTatI nahIM hai, isalie hamArA hetu apane sAdhya kI siddhi meM nirdoSa hai| Apa jaina hamAre isa prazna kA uttara deM ki ghaTa 85 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 718 86 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 718
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________________ 114 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA Adi padArtha kA nAza hone meM Apa mudgara Adi ko nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, to kyA ve ghaTa Adi padArtha, jo apanI utpatti ke samaya vinazvara svabhAva vAle utpanna hue haiM, aise ghaTAdi padArtha ko mudgara Adi naSTa karate haiM, athavA Apa yaha mAnate haiM ki avinazvara svabhAva (akSaNika svabhAva) rUpa utpanna hue una ghaTAdi padArtha ko ye mudgara Adi naSTa karate haiM ? yadi Apa jaina yaha kahate haiM ki ghaTAdi padArtha apanI utpatti ke samaya se hI avinazvara svabhAva lekara utpanna hue haiM aura unhIM avinazvara svabhAva vAle padArtha ko hI mudagara Adi kAraNa-sAmagrI naSTa karate haiM, to ApakA yaha kathana kadApi ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki padArtha kA apanA jo nijI svabhAva hotA hai, usa svabhAva ko indra bhI anyathA karane meM samartha nahIM hote haiN| jo vastu (padArtha) svabhAva se hI avinazvara hai yA akSaNika hai, use anya saikar3oM kAraNa-sAmagrI milakara bhI naSTa nahIM kara skte| dUsare, yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki ghaTAdi padArtha utpatti ke samaya se hI nazvara svabhAva vAle utpanna hote haiM, to janmajAta hI jisakA svabhAva naSTa honA hai, arthAt ve svayaM hI naSTa hone kI yogyatA rakhate haiM, to una vinazvara svabhAva vAle padArtha ko naSTa karane ke lie kisI kAraNa-sAmagrI kI koI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, kyoMki daMDa, cakra, miTTI Adi kAraNa-sAmagrI se ghaTa ke utpanna hote hI usakA nazvara svabhAva bhI utpanna ho jAtA hai, arthAt ghaTAdi padArtha vinazvara svabhAva ko lekara hI utpanna hote haiM, ataH, vinazvara svabhAva vAle anya kAraNoM ko mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai| yadi vinazvara ghaTAdi padArtha ko nAza hone meM Apa jabaradastI mudgara Adi padArtha ko sahAyaka sAmagrI ke rUpa meM svIkAra hI kareMge, to phira to saMsAra ke pratyeka vinazvara svabhAva vAle padArtha ke lie padArthAnurUpa vaisI-vaisI vinAzaka hajAroM kAraNa-sAmagrI mAnanI hI pdd'egii| phira, eka kAraNa sAmagrI ke lie dUsarI kAraNa-sAmagrI kI AvazyakatA hogI, dUsarI ke lie tIsarI kI AvazyakatA hogI, isa prakAra, anavasthAdoSa utpanna ho jAegA aura kAraNa-sAmagriyoM kA kahIM bhI virAma nahIM hogaa| bauddha kahate haiM ki zAstroM meM bhI aisA ullekha milatA hai ki jo padArtha svayaM vinazvara svabhAva lekara utpanna huA hai, vaha apane utpattikAla se hI apane vinAzazIla svabhAva ke kAraNa utpanna hone ke pazcAta turaMta naSTa hone vAlA hI hai| vaha kinhIM pralaya yA anya kAraNoM se naSTa huA hai- aisA mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isI prakAra, jo padArtha anazvara (nitya) svabhAvavAlA utpanna huA hai, use apane
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA nitya-svarUpa ke kAraNa indra Adi bhI naSTa karane meM samartha nahIM haiM, to phira usa padArtha kA nAza kaise hogA ? arthAt nitya-padArtha naSTa nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra, Apa yA to padArtha ke vinazvara svabhAva ko mAneMge ? yA avinazvara svabhAva ko mAneMge ? yadi Apa vinazvara svabhAva ko mAnate haiM, to Apane hamAre kSaNikavAda ko svIkAra kara liyA hai aura yadi Apa avinazvara svabhAva ko mAnate ho, to ApakA yaha tarka bhI ucita nahIM hai ki kisI kAraNa - sAmagrI se padArtha naSTa hotA hai, ataH, pralaya yA mudgara Adi ko hetu mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| hamArA siddhAMta to yahI kahatA hai ki padArtha kA utpAda sahetuka hai tathA usakA nAza nirhetuka hai| 7 bauddha punaH, bauddha jainoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki nAza ke kAraNabhUta sAmagrI mudgara Adi ghaTAdi padArtha se pRthakbhUta ( bhinna) hai yA apRthakbhUta (abhinna ) hai ? yadi Apa ghaTa aura usake nAza kI kAraNa- sAmagrI ko abhinna mAneMge, to prazna yaha utpanna hogA ki jaba donoM abhinna hokara ekasvarUpa ho gae, arthAt donoM meM koI bheda hI nahIM rahA, to kyA ghaTa svayaM ne hI svayaM kA nAza kara liyA ? cU~ki ghaTa meM vinAzazIla hone kI paryAya - zakti to pUrva se hI rahI huI hai, ataH, jaba ghaTa svayaM ne hI svayaM kA nAza kara liyA, to phira mudgara Adi kAraNa - sAmagrI kA kyA prayojana rahA? 88 - jaina isa para, jaina kahate haiM ki yadi ghaTa svayaM se hI nAza ko prApta ho jAtA hai, to phira ghaTa svayaM ko svayaM se hI utpanna ho jAnA cAhie, usake lie miTTI, pAnI, cakra Adi kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? yadi ghaTa svayaM ghaTa se utpanna ho jAtA hai, to ghaTa svayaM ghaTa se naSTa bhI ho jAegA, taba mudgara Adi kAraNa - sAmagrI se koI prayojana nahIM rahegA, kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai, ataH Apa bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA samIcIna nahIM hai ki ghaTa kI utpatti ke lie to kAraNa - sAmagrI apekSita hai, kintu vinAza ke lie nahIM, vinAza vastu kA sahaja svabhAva hai| " - bauddha isa para bauddha - dArzanika yaha tarka dete haiM ki yadi Apa jaina yaha kahate haiM ki ghaTa kA nAza mudgara Adi ne kiyA, to phira to --- 87 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II 88 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II 89 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, 115 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 720 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 720 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 720
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________________ 116 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA nAza ke samAna hI ghaTa kI utpatti bhI mudgara Adi se hI ho jAnA caahie| daMDa, cakra Adi anya kAraNa-sAmagrI kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? ataH, ghaTAdi ke nAza meM mudagara Adi kAraNabhUta sAmagrI vyartha hI hai| vastutaH, yadi Apa nAza yA utpAda kI kAraNa-sAmagrI ko padArtha se abhinna mAnate haiM, to Apane hamAre hetu ko jo asiddhahetvAbhAsa kahA, vahI doSa Apa jainoM ke siddhAMta para bhI lAgU hogaa| punaH, bauddha jainoM se kahate haiM ki yadi Apa nAza ke kAraNabhUta mudgara Adi sAmagrI ko ghaTAdi padArtha se pRthakabhUta (bhinna) mAnate haiM, to yaha batAie, vaha nAza karane vAlI mudagara Adi sAmagrI ghaTAdi padArtha ke samakAlIna hai yA uttarakAlIna ? yadi samakAlIna hai, to kyA jaba ghaTAdi padArtha vidyamAna ho, usI samaya usakA nAza hotA hai ? athavA yadi uttarakAlIna hai, to kyA ghaTAdi padArtha ke abhAva-kAla meM usakA nAza hotA hai ? yadi Apa prathama pakSa ko mAnya karate haiM ki nAzavAn padArtha aura nAza kI kAraNa sAmagrI samakAlabhAvI hai, to do jur3avA bhAiyoM ke samAna ghaTAdi padArthoM kA sadbhAva aura unakA abhAva- donoM samakAla meM hI honA cAhie, sAtha hI donoM ke samakAla meM hone ke kAraNa ve paraspara avirodhI hoMge, arthAt ghaTAdi padArtha aura unakA abhAva- donoM ko eka sAtha honA cAhie, kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai| jaba ghaTa hotA hai, taba ghaTAbhAva nahIM hotA hai aura jaba ghaTAbhAva hotA hai, taba ghaTa nahIM hotA / jaba donoM ko samakAla mAnate ho, to ghaTa ke utpanna hote hI ghaTa kA nAza ho jAnA caahie| utpanna hote hI nAza bhI ho gayA, yadi aisA samakAla bhAvI mAneMge, to phira pRthakbhUta (bhinna) mAnane kA ApakA siddhAMta hI vyartha hogA tathA utpatti ke kAla meM hI nAza ho gayA- aisA donoM samakAla bhAvI mAnane se to Apane hama bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda ko hI svIkAra kara liyA- aisA pratIta hogA, ataH, yaha prathama pakSa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai|" aba yadi Apa jaina yaha kahate haiM ki ghaTAdi padArtha ke sattAkAla ko aura unake nAzakAla ko uttarakAla bhAvI mAnate haiM, Apa to bhale hI mAneM, usase ghaTAdi kI arthakriyA, arthAt jaladhAraNa Adi kI kriyA meM tathA ghaTAdi ke jJAna meM koI antara nahIM Ane vAlA hai| yadi ghaTa kA abhAva hI hai, jo aba ghaTa sattA meM hai hI nahIM, arthAt usakA abhAva hai, to 90 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 720 91 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 720
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA . 117 vaha kAraNa sAmagrI ghaTa kA nAza karegI hI kaise ? aura ghaTAdi ke sadbhAva meM bhI usa nAza kI kAraNa-sAmagrI se ghaTa kA nAza ho nahIM sktaa| isa prakAra, ghaTa ke sadbhAva meM bhI nAza sambhava nahIM hai aura ghaTa ke abhAva meM bhI nAza saMbhava nahIM hai, arthAt ghaTAdi kA sadbhAva aura nAza do bhinna-bhinna kAla meM hone se donoM jaba atyanta bhinna haiM to ghaTAdi padArtha aura unake nAza kA kyA saMbaMdha hai ? arthAta koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| udAharaNasvarUpa, ghaTa aura paTa- donoM eka-dUsare se paraspara virodhI hone se atyanta bhinna padArtha haiN| tantu Adi ke kAraNoM se bhale hI paTa utpanna ho, kintu atyanta bhinna aise paTa ke utpanna hone para bhI ghaTAdi kI kriyAoM meM koI pharka nahIM pdd'taa| isI prakAra, mudgara Adi kAraNabhUta nAza kI sAmagrI ke atyanta bhinna hone para ghaTAdi kI kriyAoM meM koI pharka nahIM pdd'taa| jaise paTa kI utpatti aura nAza se ghaTa para koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA, vaise hI ghaTa aura ghaTa kI nAzaka sAmagrI ke bhinna kAla meM hone se koI antara nahIM pdd'taa| paTa Adi ke athavA nAzaka mudgara Adi ke atyanta bhinna hone para bhI bhUtala para rahane vAlA ghaTa svayaM ke sadbhAva kA bodha karAtA hai tathA jaladhAraNa Adi kI arthakriyA bhI karatA hai| jaba ghaTa kA nAza ho hI jAe, to usakI arthakriyA ko bhI virAma milatA hai| ata:,, nAza samakAla meM ho sakatA hai, na ki uttarakAla meN| yadi samakAla meM nAza honA mAneMge, to kSaNikavAda mAnanA par3egA aura yadi uttarakAla meM nAza honA mAnate haiM, to paraspara atyanta virodhI ghaTa kA sattAkAla aura ghaTAbhAvakAla meM ghaTa kA nAza kaise hogA ? ghaTa aura nAza- donoM jaba pRthakabhUta haiM, to ghaTa kA nAza kaise hogA? jo usa samaya hai hI nahIM, arthAt usa kAla meM jisakA astitva hI nahIM hai, vaha ghaTa kA nAza kaise karegA ? ataH, ApakA pRthakabhUta vAlA pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai| punaH, bauddha kahate haiM ki kadAcita Apa jaina aisA mAnate haiM ki ghaTa aura paTa paraspara avirodhI (avyAghAtaka) haiN| ina donoM ke avirodhI hone se tantu Adi se ghaTa se paTa kI utpatti bhI hotI ho, kintu ghaTa kA abhAva hotA nahIM hai| avirodhI hone se paTa ke utpanna hone para ghaTa kI utpatti aura ghaTa kA nAza ho- aisA nahIM hai| bhale hI paTa kI utpatti ho, bhale hI paTa kA nAza ho, kintu paTa kI utpatti aura nAza kA prabhAva ghaTa para nahIM par3atA hai, ghaTa kA abhAva kyoM hogA? isake viparIta, ghaTa kA abhAva ghaTa 92 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 720, 721
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ke sadbhAva kA virodhI hone se jaba ghaTAbhAva hogA, taba ghaTa nahIM hogA aura jaba ghaTa kA sadbhAva hogA, to ghaTa jarUra hogaa| paTa aura ghaTa -- donoM avirodhI haiM, kintu ghaTa aura ghaTAbhAva- ina donoM meM paraspara virodha hai, isalie jaba ghaTAbhAva hogA, taba ghaTa nahIM rahegA, ataH, ghaTAbhAva hI hogA 3 118 aba, hama bauddha Apa jainoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki ghaTAbhAva - yaha ghaTa kA virodhI hai, to 'virodhI' kA tAtparya kyA hai ? 1. kyA ghaTAbhAva ghaTa kA nAzaka hai - aisA artha hai ? athavA 2. yaha ghaTAbhAva ghaTa kA nAza hai--- kyA aisA artha hai ? Apa virodhI hone kA kyA artha mAnate haiM, nAzaka (nAza karane vAlA) yA nAza (nAzarUpa) 294 ghaTAbhAva hI ghaTa kA nAza karane vAlA hai- aisA prathama pakSa mAnate haiM, to phira mudgara Adi ko ghaTAdi kA nAzaka kaise mAna sakate haiM ? athavA phira yaha batAie ki vaha 'nAza' ghaTAdi se pRthakbhUta ( bhinna) hai yA apRthakbhUta (abhinna) hai ? ityAdi jo prazna mudgara Adi ke saMbaMdha meM pUche gae the, ve hI prazna ghaTAbhAva ke saMbaMdha meM hama bauddhoM ke haiM ki jisa prakAra mudgara Adi se hone vAlA nAza (abhAva) ghaTAdi padArtha kA nAzaka hone se ghaTAdi padArtha kA unmUlana (nAza) karatA hai, usI prakAra ghaTAbhAva se hone vAlA bhI ghaTAdi padArtha kA unmUlana (nAza) karatA hai| isa prakAra,, Apa jaina ghaTAbhAva ko yadi ghaTa kA nAzaka mAnate haiM, to yaha nAza bhI abhAvAtmaka hI hai| dUsare, yadi abhAvAtmaka - nAza hI ghaTAdi kA nAza karatA hai, to isa abhAvAtmaka-nAza kA nAzaka anya koI abhAvAtmaka - nAza hogaa| isa prakAra, mAnane se to anavasthAdoSa kI utpatti ho jAegI 15 ,95 Taba, yadi Apa jaina uparyukta doSoM se bacane ke lie kadAcit aisA kahate haiM ki ghaTAbhAva - yaha ghaTa kA virodhI hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hogA ki ghaTAbhAva ghaTa kA nAzaka nahIM hai, apitu ghaTa svayaM hI nAzasvarUpa hai / yadi Apa dUsare pakSa ko svIkAra karate haiM, to yaha batAie ki ghaTa kA vinAzazIla ghaTAbhAva ghaTa se pRthakbhUta hai yA apRthakbhUta hai ? ina donoM 93 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 721 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 721 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 721 95 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II 94
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 119 pakSoM meM se apRthakbhUta pakSa to hama bauddhoM dvArA mudgara Adi kAraNabhUta sAmagriyoM kI vyarthatA kA doSa batAne ke kAraNa Apa jainoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai| Taba, yadi Apa yaha mAnate haiM ki ghaTa ghaTAbhAva se bhinna hai, to vaha paTAdi se bhI pRthakabhUta arthAt bhinna ho hogaa| jaba ghaTa aura ghaTAbhAva- ye donoM pRthakabhUta arthAt bhinna haiM, to phira yaha ghaTAbhAva ghaTa kA hI nAza kaise kahalAegA ? yadi ghaTa aura ghaTAbhAva- ye donoM bhinna haiM, to jaise ghaTAbhAva ghaTa se bhinna hokara ghaTa kA nAza kara sakatA hai, usI prakAra ghaTAbhAva paTa- bhinna hokara paTa kA bhI nAza kara sakatA hai| yadi usa ghaTAbhAva se paTAdi kA nAza nahIM ho sakatA hai, to phira usa pRthakabhUta ghaTAbhAva se ghaTAdi kA bhI nAza nahIM honA caahie| isa prakAra, ApakA yaha pakSa ki ghaTAbhAva ghaTa se bhinna hokara bhI ghaTa kA nAzaka hai, ucita nahIM hai| ___Taba, yadi jaina apanA bacAva karane ke lie kadAcit yaha kaheM ki ghaTa saMbaMdhI paryAyoM kA nAza hotA hai, to vaha ghaTa kA hI nAza kahalAegA, paTa kI paryAyoM kA nAza nahIM khlaaegaa| isI prakAra, yadi paTa se saMbaMdhita paryAyoM kA nAza hotA hai, to vaha paTa kA hI nAza kahalAegA, ghaTAdi kA nAza nahIM khlaaegaa| udAharaNasvarUpa 'go' Adi padArthoM kI devadatta aura yajJadatta- donoM se hI bhinnatA to samAna hai, phira bhI yadi gAya devadatta ke pAsa hogI, to vaha gAya devadatta kI hI kahalAegI, yajJadatta kI nhiiN| isI prakAra, yadi gAya yajJadatta ke pAsa hogI, to vaha yajJadatta kI hI kahalAegI, devadatta kI nhiiN| isa prakAra, ghaTa-paryAya kA nAza hone para ghaTa kA nAza (abhAva) haA aisA hI kaheMge, isa sthiti meM paTa kA nAza nahIM hone se use paTa kA nAza nahIM kheNge| ___ punaH, bauddha kahate haiM ki Apa jaina yaha tarka dete haiM, to Apa yaha batAie ki ghaTa aura nAza- ina donoM meM kisa prakAra kA saMbaMdha hai- 1. kyA unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva nAma kA saMbaMdha hai ? yA 2. saMyoga-saMbaMdha hai? yA 3. vizeSya-vizeSaNarUpa saMbaMdha hai ? yA 4. aviSvakbhAva arthAt abhedarUpa 96 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 721, 722 97 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 722 98 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 722
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA saMbaMdha hai ? vastuta:, ghaTa aura usake nAza meM kisI prakAra kA saMbaMdha siddha nahIM hotA hai / 1. prathamataH ghaTa aura usake nAza meM kArya-kAraNa kA saMbaMdha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| Apa jainoM ke anusAra jo ghaTAdi padArtha kA nAza (abhAva) hotA hai, vaha mudgara Adi se hotA hai, ghaTAdi se koI nAza nahIM hotA hai, isalie ghaTAdi kA jo nAza hotA hai, vaha mudgara Adi anya hetuoM se hone ke kAraNa ghaTAdi kA nAza kArya hai aura ghaTAdi kA nAza mudgara Adi se hone ke kAraNa mudgara Adi kAraNa haiM / nAza kArya hai aura nAzaka kAraNa hotA hai| ina donoM meM bhI kArya-kAraNa- saMbaMdha siddha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki kAraNa alaga hai aura kArya alaga hai, ghaTa alaga hai aura ghaTa kA nAza alaga hai| kAraNa kA kArya se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai aura isI prakAra, kArya kA kAraNa se bhI koI saMbaMdha nahI hai| cUMki donoM kI sattA hI bhinna - bhinna hai, ataH, ghaTa kA nAza huA- aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate aura ghaTa kA nAza (unmUlana) nahIM huA aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiM, ataH, kArya-kAraNarUpa ApakA prathama pakSa ucita nahIM hai| 2. dUsare, ghaTa aura usake nAza meM saMyoga-saMbaMdha bhI nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki saMyoga-saMbaMdha do bhinna dravyoM meM hotA hai / ghaTa to eka dravya hai, kintu ghaTa kA nAza eka kriyA hai / ghaTa ke nAza ko hama dravya nahIM kahe sakate, ataH, nAza adravya hone se ghaTa aura nAza meM saMyoga-saMbaMdha saMbhava nahIM hai, sAtha hI ghaTa aura ghaTa ke nAza meM saMyoga-saMbaMdha mAnane para eka Apatti yaha A sakatI hai ki donoM, arthAt ghaTa aura ghaTa ke nAza samakAla bhAvI hone para hI unameM saMyoga-saMbaMdha ho sakatA hai, kintu ghaTa aura ghaTa kA nAza- donoM samakAla meM saMbhava nahIM haiM, kyoMki jaba ghaTa hogA, taba ghaTa kA nAza nahIM hogA aura jaba ghaTa kA nAza hogA, taba ghaTa nahIM hogA / ghaTa pUrvakAla meM hotA hai tathA ghaTa kA nAza to uttarakAla meM hotA hai, isalie donoM meM saMyoga-saMbaMdha nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH, dUsarA pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai| 3. tIsare, ghaTa aura ghaTa ke nAza (abhAva) meM vizeSaNa - vizeSya-saMbaMdha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki vizeSya- vizeSaNa - saMbaMdha bhI do samakAla bhAvI tathyoM meM hI hotA hai| jaba ghaTa kA sadbhAva hotA hai, arthAt jaba ghaTa bhUtala para hotA hai, taba hI hama aisA kathana karate haiM ki yaha bhUtala ghaTayukta hai tathA jaba ghaTa kA nAza hotA hai, taba yaha kathana karate haiM ki yaha bhUtala ghaTa se rahita hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hama bhUtala aura ghaTa meM vizeSaNa aura vizeSya-saMbaMdha ghaTita karate haiM, taba ghaTa aura usake astitva ke sAtha karate haiM, na ki ghaTa aura ghaTa ke nAza ke sAtha, ataH ghaTa aura ghaTa ke nAza meM vizeSaNa aura vizeSya-saMbaMdha 120
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| 4. cauthe, ghaTa aura ghaTAbhAva meM aviSvagbhAva arthAt abheda - saMbaMdha bhI samucita nahIM hai| kadAcit abheda-saMbaMdha mAna bhI leM, to kaunasA abheda - saMbaMdha mAneMge ? 1. kyA sarvathA abheda-saMbaMdha mAneMge ? yA 2. kathaMcit - abheda-saMbaMdha mAneMge ? 1. sarvathA abheda - saMbaMdha mAnanA to ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ghaTa aura ghaTAbhAva pRthakbhUta haiM, arthAt bhinna-bhinna haiM, unameM sarvathA abheda-saMbaMdha nahIM hai| cUMki Apa jaina to donoM meM bhinnatA hI svIkAra karate haiM, ataH, Apa ghaTa aura ghaTAbhAva meM sarvathA abheda - saMbaMdha to mAna hI nahIM skte| dUsare, 'kathaMcit - abheda' saMbaMdha mAnane meM bhI Apake samakSa bAdhA utpanna hogI / ghaTa aura ghaTa ke nAza meM cAhe bheda mAneM athavA abheda, kintu kathaMcit-bheda aura kathaMcit - abheda mAnane meM to 'merI mAtA vandhyA ke samAna virodha hI hogA / mudgara Adi kAraNabhUta sAmagrI se ghaTAdi padArtha kA nAza hotA hai- aise kathana kA Apane jo vistAra kiyA hai, yaha ApakA kathana ThIka prakAra se ghaTita nahIM hone ke kAraNa, hamAre siddhAMtAnusAra yahA~ yahI siddha hotA hai ki saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM ke vinAza meM mudgara Adi kisI bhI bAhya kAraNabhUta sAmagrI kI apekSA nahIM rahatI hai, apitu padArtha apane utpatti ke samaya se hI apane vinazvara - svabhAva ko lekara utpanna hone ke kAraNa dUsare hI kSaNa svayaM hI naSTa ho jAte haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa, saMsAra ke samasta padArtha kSaNika mAtra hI haiM, ataH, koI bhI padArtha svayaM ke nAza ke lie kisI bhI anya hetu kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai| isa prakAra hamArA bauddha-siddhAMta hI yuktisaMgata siddha hotA hai / isa prakAra,, yahA~ bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa samApta hotA hai / jainoM kA uttarapakSa bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kI vistRta samIkSA karate hue jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM jainoM ke uttarapakSa ko prastuta karate hue yaha kahate haiM ki saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha apanI utpatti aura vinAza meM nimittabhUta sahakArI - kAraNoM kI apekSA rakhatA hai| nimitta - kAraNoM ke sahakAra se hI padArtha utpatti aura nAza ko prApta hote haiN| 100 99 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 723, 724 100 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 724 121
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________________ 122 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA yadyapi bauddha-dArzanika vinAza ke lie sahakArI-kAraNoM ko nahIM mAnate haiM aura nAza ko nirhetuka batAte haiM, sAtha hI nAza ko nirhetuka siddha karane ke lie hI jainoM ke viruddha aneka kutarka prastuta karate haiN|101 jaina - bauddhoM ke isa mata ke khaNDana meM hama jainoM kA kathana haiM ki Apa bauddhoM ne vinAza ko nirhetuka siddha karane ke lie jo-jo dalIleM (tarka) peza kI haiM, ve samasta dalIleM utpatti meM bhI samAna rUpa se lAgU ho sakatI haiM, kintu yaha spaSTa hI hai ki jaba utpatti bhI kinhIM sahakArI-kAraNoM se hI hotI hai, to vinAza bhI kinhIM sahakArI-kAraNoM se hI hogaa| Apa bauddha to ekAntarUpa se mAtra vinAza ke hI pakSadhara hone se eka cakSu se dekhate haiM aura dUsare cakSu se nahIM dekhate haiN| isase to Apa eka A~kha se dRSTihIna haiM- aisA hI siddha hotA hai| vastutaH, yaha ekapakSIya dRSTi samucita nahIM hai| Apa bauddhoM se hama jainoM kA prathama prazna yaha hai ki Apa bauddha yadi padArtha kI utpatti meM nimittabhUta sahakArI-kAraNoM ko mAnate haiM, arthAt padArtha kI utpatti ko yadi sahetuka mAnate haiM, to yaha batAie ki daMDa, cakra, cIvara Adi hetubhUta kAraNoM se miTTI meM se utpanna hone vAlA ghaTa kyA sat-svabhAva vAlA hai ? kyA miTTI Adi upAdAna-kAraNa meM avyakta rUpa se vidyamAna ghaTAdi padArthoM kI utpatti meM sahakArI-kAraNa-sAmagrI utpAdaka banatI hai ? yA miTTI Adi upAdAna-kAraNa-sAmagrI meM avidyamAna (avyakta) svabhAva vAle ghaTAdi padArthoM kI utpatti meM nimittabhUta kAraNa-sAmagrI utpAdaka banatI hai| 102 ___ yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki miTTI Adi upAdAna-kAraNa meM sat-svabhAva vAle, arthAt vidyamAna svabhAva vAle ghaTAdi padArtha ko daMDa, cakra, cIvara Adi sahakArI-kAraNa utpanna karate haiM, to yaha kathana to ucita nahIM hai| daMDa, cakra, cIvara Adi kAraNoM se utpanna hone vAlA ghaTa to prathamataH, arthAt pahale se hI sat yA vidyamAna hI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ghaTa kA astitva to pahale se hI miTTI meM rahA huA hai, ataH, yadi ghaTa pahale se hI sattA meM hai, to phira usakI utpatti kaise mAnI jAegI ? jo pahale se hI nirmitta hai, arthAt utpanna ho cukA hai, usake utpanna hone kA kyA artha hai ? jo utpanna hai, arthAt sattA meM hai, usako puna: utpanna karane se kyA lAbha ? isI prakAra, jo pahale se hI mara cukA hai yA naSTa ho cukA 101 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 724 102 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 724
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 123 hai, usako punaH mArane yA naSTa karane se kyA lAbha ? yadi kAraNa utpanna kArya ko hI karatA hai, to phira usa kAraNa ko kisane utpanna kiyA, phira usake kAraNa ko kisane utpanna kiyA ? isa prakAra, to anavasthAdoSa upasthita ho jAegA, ataH, prathama-pakSa ucita siddha nahIM hotaa| ___ punaH, yadi Apa bauddha-dArzanika yaha kahate haiM ki miTTI Adi upAdAna-kAraNa meM ghaTAdi kArya asatpa haiM, vaha asatpa kArya, arthAt asat ghaTAdi padArtha miTTI, daMDa, cakra Adi kAraNabhUta sAmagrI se utpanna hote haiM, to yaha ApakA dUsarA pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki miTTI Adi meM ghaTAdi padArtha asata-svabhAva vAle hI haiN| asat-svabhAva vAle padArtha ke svabhAva ko badalanA bhI zakya nahIM hai, astitvarahita padArtha AkAza-puSpa ke samAna hamezA asat hI hote haiN| saikar3oM sahakArI kAraNoM ke milane para bhI asat-svabhAva vAle ko sat-svabhAva vAlA nahIM banA sakate, arthAt asat kI utpatti vaise hI saMbhava nahIM hai, jaise gadhe ke sIMga kA kaMghA nahIM bana sktaa|103 punaH, yaha bAta Apa bauddhoM dvArA svIkRta hone se isakA Apake mata ke sAtha hI virodha hogaa| ApakA yaha pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ApakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki asat kArya kI utpatti sambhava nahIM hai, jabaki naiyAyika aura vaizeSika darzana yaha mAnate haiM ki miTTI Adi upAdAna-kAraNa se asat ghaTAdi kArya kI utpatti sambhava hai| ve to asat kAryavAdI haiM, kintu Apa bauddhoM ko unakA asat-kAryavAda mAnya nahIM hai| yadi Apa bauddha-dArzanika naiyAyikoM aura vaizeSikoM ke asat kAryavAda kA virodha karate haiM, to yA to Apa svayaM satkAryavAdI haiM, yA phira Apane unake asat-kAryavAda ko svIkAra kara liyA hai, kintu yadi Apa bauddha asata-svabhAva vAle kArya kI utpatti ko svIkAreMge, to Apake hI bauddha-mata (zUnyavAda) meM virodha utpanna hogA, arthAt svavacana kA virodha hogaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, svayaM kA siddhAMta svayaM ke kathana se hI khaMDita ho jaaegaa|104 punaH, yadi bauddha-dArzanika kadAcit yaha kaheM ki jo-jo padArtha utpanna nahIM hote haiM, ve saba asat-padArtha hote haiM aura jo-jo padArtha 103 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 725 104 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 725
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________________ 124 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA utpanna hote haiM, ve saba sat-padArtha hote haiM- aisA hama mAnate haiM, arthAt hama to ekAntaasatasvabhAva yA ekAntasatasvabhAva mAnate hI nahIM haiM, hama to apekSA-bheda se donoM pakSoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, ataH, Apa jainoM kA hamArA khaNDana karane kA parizrama hI niSphala siddha hotA hai| Apa jaina to hama bauddhoM ko ekAntavAdI kahakara hamAre mata kA khaNDana karate haiM, jabaki hama (bauddha) to sat-asat- donoM pakSoM ko mAnate haiM, isa para jaina-dArzanika kahate haiM ki vinAza (vyaya) aura sattA (astitva) ke donoM vikalpoM se ApakI prastuti bhI samAna hI hai, arthAt jo vastu abhI taka naSTa nahIM huI hai, usameM nAza kA abhAva hai, arthAt nAza asat hai aura jo vastu naSTa ho gaI hai, usameM nAza kA sadabhAva hai- aisA hama jaina bhI Apa bauddhoM ke dvArA mAne hue siddhAnta ke samAna hI kahate haiM, ataH, Apa bauddhoM dvArA pUrva meM hama para lagAe gae AkSepa se kyA lAbha hogA? hama to ekAnta-nazvara-svabhAva vAle aura ekAnta-anazvara-svabhAva vAle donoM padArthoM meM hI apekSA-bheda se nAza (vyaya) mAnate haiM, arthAt utpAda aura nAza- donoM meM kAraNa-sAmagrI mAnate haiM, kintu nazvara-padArtha svayaM nAzavAna hone se unake nAza hetu kAraNabhUta-sAmagrI (nAzaka hetu) kI kyA AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai ? isI prakAra, anazvara-padArtha sadA anazvara-svabhAva vAle hI haiM, indra Adi bhI unake svabhAva ko badala nahIM sakate haiM - aisA AkSepa Apa bauddhoM ne jainoM para lagAyA thA, to hama jaina to vastu meM aisI ekAnta-anityatA (nazvaratA) aura ekAnta-nityatA (anazvaratA) mAnate hI nahIM haiN|105 bauddha -- isa para, bauddha-dArzanika punaH kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra Apa jaina utpAda meM sata aura asata- donoM pakSoM ko mAnate haiM, usI prakAra hama bauddha bhI nAza meM sat-asat- donoM pakSa mAnate haiM, arthAt nAza ko asat-svabhAva vAlA aura sat ko sata-svabhAvayukta- aise donoM pakSa mAnate haiM, to phira Apa jaina hama bauddhoM para kaisI Apatti uThA sakate haiM ? Apa jaina hama para ekAntarUpa se kSaNikavAdI hone kA jo doSAropaNa karate haiM, hama bauddha bhI Apa jainoM para utpAda ke saMbaMdha meM ahetukavAdI hone kA aisA hI doSa lagA sakate haiM, jabaki Apa jaina to utpatti aura nAza- donoM ko hI sahetuka mAnate haiN|106 105 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 726 106 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 726
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 125 hama bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki jo padArtha svayaM hI utpatti-svabhAva vAlA hai, use utpAda kI nimittabhUta kAraNa sAmagrI se kyA matalaba ? arthAta ghaTAdi padArtha jaba svayaM hI utpatti-svabhAva vAle haiM, to unako daMDa, cakra, cIvara, kumhAra Adi sahakArI-kAraNoM kI kyA AvazyakatA hai tathA jo padArtha utpAda-svabhAva vAle nahIM haiM, aise utpAda-svabhAva se rahita, arthAt usake abhAva vAle ko indra bhI unakA svabhAva badalane meM samartha nahIM haiM, to phira utpAda-svabhAva se rahita padArtha ke lie bhI nimittabhUta daMDa, cakra, cIvara, kumhAra Adi kAraNabhUta-sAmagrI kI kyA AvazyakatA ho sakatI hai|107 jaina - hama jainoM dvArA utpAda ke samAna hI nAza ko bhI sahetuka mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM Apa bauddhoM ne hamArA khaMDana karane hetu jo tarka die haiM, ve ucita nahIM haiN| ApakA tarka thA ki hama jaina nAza kI kAraNabhUta-sAmagrI mudagara Adi ko ghaTAdi se pRthak (bhinna) mAnate haiM yA apRthak (abhinna)? yadi apRthak (abhinna) mAnoge, to kyA ghaTa ne hI svayaM kA nAza kara liyA? yadi aisA mAnate haiM, to phira hama jainoM ko, ghaTa svayaM ko svayaM se hI apanI utpatti bhI kara lenA cAhie- aisA bhI mAnanA hogA, kintu satya to yaha hai ki ghaTAdi kI utpatti kumhAra, daMDa, cakra, cIvara Adi sahakArI-kAraNoM se hotI hai| punaH, yadi usa nAzaka sAmagrI ko pRthak (bhinna) mAnate haiM, to phira usa nAzaka sAmagrI se ghaTAdi kA nAza huA- aisA bhI hama jaina nahIM kaha sakate - ityAdi Apa bauddhoM ne hama jainoM para apanI nAza ko ahetuka mAnane sambandhI avadhAraNA kI siddhi ke lie jo doSa lagAe the, vaise hI doSa hama jaina Apa bauddhoM para utpAda ko sahetuka mAnane saMbaMdhI pakSa meM bhI lagA sakate haiN| hamArA Apa bauddhoM se prathama pakSa yaha hai ki jaba Apa utpAda ko sahetuka mAnate haiM, to Apa yaha batAie ki yaha utpAda utpanna hote hue apane ghaTAdi kArya se bhinna hai yA abhinna? yadi kadAcit Apa bauddha yaha kahate ho ki kumhAra, daMDa, cakra, cIvara Adi utpAda kI kAraNabhUta sAmagrI ghaTAdi kArya se abhinna hai- aisA mAneMge, to yaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki utpAda ko ghaTAdi kArya se sarvathA abhinna mAnane para 'inase ghaTa kA utpAda huA- aisA bhI nahIM kaha skte| dUsare zabdoM meM, ghaTa kI utpatti ko ghaTa kI kAraNabhUta sAmagrI se abhinna mAneMge, to ghaTa utpanna huA, nahIM kaha skte| utpatti to eka prakriyA hai 107 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 724
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________________ 126 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA aura ghaTa usakA pariNAma hai| prakriyA aura pariNAma ko ekAntarUpa se na to bhinna kahA jA sakatA hai aura na hI abhinn| ghaTa kA upAdAna-kAraNa miTTI ghaTa se abhinna hai, to dUsarI ora ghaTa ke nimitta-kAraNa kumhAra, cakra Adi ghaTa se bhinna bhI haiM, arthAt kArya aura kAraNa meM kathaMcit-bhinnatA hai, to kathaMcit-abhinnatA bhI hai| ve na to ekAntarUpa se bhinna haiM aura na hI ekAntarUpa se abhinn| sambandha SaSThI-vibhakti meM hotA hai| saMbaMdha to do vastuoM ke hone para hI hotA hai| donoM ke sarvathA abhinna hone se donoM ekarUpa ho jAte haiM, ataH, vahA~ sambandha nahIM bana sakatA hai| kAraNa aura kArya meM sarvathA abheda (abhinna) mAnane para yaha mAnanA hogA ki jisa prakAra ghaTAdi kI utpatti ke pUrva ghaTAdi kA abhAva hai, usI prakAra usakI utpAdaka kAraNabhUta sAmagrI kA bhI abhAva mAnanA hogA, kyoMki donoM abhinna haiN| usa abhAva se kisI bhI prakAra kA utpAda sambhava hogA hI nhiiN| yadi yahA~ bauddha apanA bacAva karane ke lie kadAcita yaha dalIla deM ki 'yaha ghaTa utpanna huA isa kathana meM hama, SaSThIvibhakti ke binA abhedarUpa se utpanna huA- aisA kahate haiM, to Apa bauddhoM kA yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ghaTAdi ko apanI utpatti kI kAraNabhUta sAmagrI se kathaMcit-bhinna mAne binA vahI, ghaTAdi utpanna huA hai- aisA kathana bhI nahIM kara sakate haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ghaTa aura usakI utpatti meM sarvathA abheda mAnane para to tirobhUta aura AvirbhUta- aisA bheda bhI saMbhava nahIM hogaa| aise samaya meM, yaha tirobhUta ghaTa hI AvirbhUta huA hai- aisA bhI Apa nahIM kaha sakate, apita 'yaha ghaTa utpanna haA hai, mAtra aisA hI kathana saMbhava hogaa| ghaTa ko ghaTa kI utpatti ke upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNoM se abhinna mAnane para mRttikA (miTTI) meM ghaTa honA cAhie, kintu mRttikA (miTTI) meM ghaTa hai hI nhiiN| ghaTa mRttikA se bhinna nahIM hai, phira bhI jaba taka ghaTa kI utpatti nahIM hotI hai, taba miTTI ko miTTI hI kaheMge, ghaTa nhiiN| mAtra mRttikA (miTTI) se bhI ghaTa kA utpAda nahIM ho jAtA hai, ataH, mRttikA aura ghaTa meM kathaMcit-bheda mAne binA ghaTa kA utpAda huA hai- aisA kahanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| ina doSoM ke kAraNa se kArya aura kAraNa meM ekAnta-apRthabhUta-pakSa yA abheda-pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai|100 .. punaH, ghaTa aura usakI utpatti ke kAraNoM ko ekAntataH bhinna mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hogaa| ghaTAdi ke utpattirUpa kArya ko kumhAra, daMDa, 108 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga IT, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 726. 727
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 127 cakra, cIvara Adi nimittabhUta kAraNoM se ekAntataH bhinna mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki unhIM se ghaTAdi rUpa kArya utpanna hue haiN| una nimitta evaM upAdAna-kAraNoM ke binA ghaTAdi kI utpatti huI hai- aisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiN| yadi kadAcit yaha mAneM ki utpatti ke kAraNoM ke ghaTAdi kAryoM se bhinna hote hue bhI ghaTAdi kI utpatti huI hai- aisA hI mAneMge, to phira utpatti se hI paTAdi anya kArya bhI utpanna ho sakate haiM- aisA kyoM nahIM mAna lete haiM? jisa prakAra ghaTAdi kArya unakI utpatti ke kAraNoM se bhinna haiM, usI prakAra paTAdi kArya bhI apanI utpatti ke kAraNoM se bhinna haiN| apanI utpatti ke kAraNoM se to ghaTa bhI bhinna hai aura paTa bhii| apane kAraNoM se bhinnatA to ghaTa aura paTa- donoM meM hI samAna rUpa se rahI huI hai, ataH, donoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM kI kyA AvazyakatA hai| yahA~ jaina bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki Apa bauddha-dArzanika apane pakSa kA bacAva karane ke lie kadAcita aisA kahate haiM ki utpadyamAna, arthAta utpanna hote hae ghaTa, kalaza Adi padArtha miTTI se hI utpanna hone ke svabhAva vAle hone se unakA utpAda karane vAlA kumhAra daMDa, cakra, cIvara Adi sahakArI-kAraNoM dvArA miTTI se hI ghaTAdi ko utpanna karatA hai| jisa prakAra kI upAdAna evaM nimitta-kAraNa-sAmagrI se ghaTAdi kI hI utpatti hotI hai, usI se paTAdi kI nahIM ho sakatI hai, kyoMki paTAdi kI kAraNabhUta sAmagrI bhinna hotI hai| ghaTAdi kI utpatti meM sat tantuvAya, karaghA Adi kAraNa-sAmagrI hotI hai, jo ghaTAdi kI kAraNabhUta sAmagrI se bhinna hai, kintu Apa bauddhoM kA yaha kathana bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki jaba pUrva meM hama jainoM ne yaha siddhAMta prastuta kiyA thA ki ghaTa ke nAza ke kAraNoM kA ghaTa ke sAtha saMbaMdha hone se inase ghaTa kA nAza huA- aisA hI kahA jAtA hai, kintu inase paTa kA nAza huA- aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, yaha tarka hama jainoM dvArA prastuta kie jAne para Apa bauddhoM ne hI hamAre khaNDana hetu yaha tarka prastuta kiyA thA ki Apa jaina yaha batAie ki ghaTAdi padArthoM aura usake nAza ke hetu ke madhya kaunasA saMbaMdha hotA hai ? pUrva meM jo Apane hamAre viruddha nimna cAra prazna upasthita kie the ki ghaTAdi padArthoM aura unake nAza ke madhya 1. kyA kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha hai? yA 2. saMyogasaMbaMdha hai? yA 3. vizeSya-vizeSaNa-saMbaMdha hai ? yA 4. aviSvakabhAva-saMbaMdha hai ? ina cAroM meM se Apa jaina kaunasA saMbaMdha mAnate haiM ? isa prakAra, nAza ke prakaraNa meM Apa bauddhoM ne hama jainoM ke viruddha jo ApattiyA~ uThAI thIM, aba hama jaina bhI Apa bauddhoM ke utpAda ko sahetuka mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM uparyukta
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________________ 128 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA vahI cAra prazna pUchate haiM ki utpatti (utpAda) aura ghaTa meM Apa kaunasA saMbaMdha mAneMge? 1. kyA kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha mAneMge? yA 2. saMyoga-saMbaMdha mAneMge ? yA 3. vizeSya-vizeSaNa saMbaMdha mAneMge ? yA 4. aviSvabhAva-saMbaMdha mAneMge? jisa prakAra ghaTa aura usake nAza meM inameM se kisI bhI prakAra kA saMbaMdha saMbhava nahIM hai, usI prakAra se ghaTa kI utpatti meM aura ghaTa meM bhI ina cAra meM se kisI bhI prakAra kA saMbaMdha saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki hamAre dvArA nAza ko sahetuka mAnane ke kAraNa Apane jitane doSa hamArI mAnyatA meM upasthita kie the, ve hI sAre doSa Apake dvArA utpatti ko sahetuka mAnane kI ekAnta-dRSTi se upasthita kie jA sakate haiM, jisakI ora ApakI dRSTi hI nahIM jAtI hai| isase hama jainoM ko aisA lagatA hai ki Apa sirpha eka hI cakSu se dekhate haiM, dUsare cakSu se nhiiN| dUsare zabdoM meM Apa ekAntika-dRSTi se yukta haiM, jo tarkasaMgata nahIM hai|109 anta meM, kSaNikavAda kA upasaMhAra karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki bauddha-dArzanika, jo utpAda ko sahetuka aura nAza ko nirhetuka mAnate haiM, unakA yaha dRSTikoNa yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| nAza ke lie mudgara Adi jo-jo hetubhUta sahAyaka kAraNa-sAmagrI haiM, unako ve apane tarka-jAla se vibhinna prakAra kI vaikalpika mAnasika-saMkalpanA dvArA ur3Ate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, ubhayatopAza kI racanA kara hameM phaMsAte haiN| jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanikoM ke utpAda ko sahetuka mAnane ke sambandha meM bhI usI tarka-jAla (ubhayatopAza) ko prastuta kara utpAda ko sahetuka mAnane saMbaMdhI bauddhamata kA khaMDana karate hue likhate haiM ki isa prakAra, se eka-dUsare ke pakSoM kA khaMDana karane mAtra se padArtha kA yathArtha anekAMtika-svarUpa kaisA hai, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| isako kaI bAra samajhAe jAne para bhI yadi donoM pakSa nahIM samajhate haiM, to ve donoM hI ekAMta-kAraNa mithyA ho jAte haiM, yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai, ataH, TIkAkAra ratnaprabhasUri donoM pakSoM ke samakSa padArtha ke vAstavika svarUpa kA varNana karate hue likhate haiM ki padArtha meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya apekSA-bheda se kisa prakAra se rahe hue haiM, yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai| uparyukta carcA ke sAra ko nimna prakAra se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai- jisa prakAra kumhAra, daNDa, cakra, cIvara Adi nimittabhUta kAraNa-sAmagrI ke samUha se miTTIrUpa upAdAna-kAraNa meM se ghaTarUpa kArya kI utpatti 109 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 727, 728
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 129 karatA hai, usI prakAra mudagara Adi vinAzaka kAraNabhUta sAmagrI ke sAmUhika-sahakAra se miTTIsvarUpa upAdAna-kAraNa se utpanna ghaTAtmaka kArya kA kisI ke dvArA vinAza bhI hotA hai| vastutaH, padArtha kI utpatti aura nAza-nimittabhUta kAraNa-sAmagrI bhinna-bhinna hotI hai, ataH, utpatti aura vinAza- donoM hI sahetuka haiM, nirhetuka nahIM haiN| upAdAna-kAraNarUpa miTTI se ghaTa kA abheda-saMbaMdha hai, to kumhAra, daNDa, cakra, cIvara Adi nimitta-kAraNarUpa sAmagrI se ghaTa kA bheda-sambandha hai| ghaTa kI utpatti aura ghaTa kA nAza- donoM hI sahetuka haiN| vinAzaka-sAmagrI se jo ghaTa kA nAza huA hai, vaha nAza kevala ghaTa ke paryAya kA nAza huA hai, ghaTAkAratA kA nAza huA hai, miTTIrUpI dravya kA nAza nahIM huA hai| utpatti aura nAza dravya kA svabhAva nahIM hai, vaha to usakI paryAya kA svabhAva hai| miTTI to dravyarUpa hai, vaha nitya hI rahatI hai| utpatti aura nAza usakI ghaTarUpa paryAya arthAta ghaTAkAratA kA hotA hai| ghaTa ke nAza hone para ghaTa ke jo khaNDa (Tukar3e) hote haiM, ve khaNDa (kapAla) ghaTa se ekAMta- bhinna bhI nahIM haiM aura ekAMta-abhinna bhI nahIM haiM, kyoMki ghaTa aura ghaTa ke Tukar3oM- donoM meM miTTIrUpa dravya to nitya rahA huA hai, kintu donoM hI miTTI kI paryAya hone se abhedarUpa haiM aura paryAyoM ke badalane ke kAraNa donoM bhedarUpa bhI haiN| una donoM meM ekAnta-bhinnatA bhI nahIM hai aura ekAnta-abhinnatA bhI nahIM hai| bauddhoM ne jainoM ke nAza ko bhinna mAnane meM jo doSa dikhAe haiM, ve ekAnta-bhinnatA mAnane para Ate haiM, kintu kathaMcit-bhinnatA mAnane meM to koI bhI doSa nahIM AtA hai| ghaTa aura ghaTa ke Tukar3oM arthAt kapAla meM miTTIrUpI eka hI dravya hone se abhinnatA yA tAdAtmyatA sadA hI rahatI hai| cUMki ghaTa meM bhI mRttikA (miTTI) hai aura vinAza ko prApta ghaTa ke Tukar3oM (kapAla) meM bhI mRttikA (miTTI) hai, isalie unheM ekAnta-bhinna nahIM kaha sakate haiN| ghaTa-paryAya kA vinAza bhI ekAnta-vinAza nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha ghaTAkAratArUpa paryAya kA vinAza hai, miTTIrUpa dravya kA vinAza nahIM hai| vinAza ke samaya meM jo vinAzAtmakatA hai, vaha vinAzAtmakatA mAtra ghaTa-paryAya yA ghaTAkAratA kI hI nAzaka hai, miTTI-dravya kI vinAzaka nahIM hai| vinAza ke samaya meM bhI ghaTa-paryAya kA vinAza hotA hai, ghaTa ke miTTIrUpa dravya kA nhiiN| ghaTa aura ghaTa ke Tukar3e meM miTTIrUpI dravya ke kAraNa ekAntabheda nahIM hone ke upAdAna-kAraNarUpa miTTI donoM meM hI tAdAtmya-rUpa se rahatI hai|10 110 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 728. 729
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________________ 130 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA punaH, jaina kahate haiM ki mudgara Adi kAraNabhUta nAzaka-sAmagrI ghaTa se bhinna hokara bhI jaba ghaTa kA nAza kara sakatI hai, to phira use paTAdi se bhinna hokara unakI bhI nAzaka honA cAhie, kyoMki jisa prakAra nAzaka-sAmagrI ghaTa se bhinna hai, usI prakAra vaha paTa se bhinna hI hai, kintu bauddha-dArzanikoM kA yaha tarka yuktisaMgata nahIM hai|" punaH, bauddhoM ke isa tarka kI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabhasUri punaH kahate haiM ki ghaTa aura usakI nAzaka-sAmagrI meM Apa jo bheda (bhinnatA) samajha rahe haiM, vaha bheda bhI ekAnta-bheda nahIM hai, isalie mudagara Adi se jo ghaTa kA nAza hotA hai, vaisA hI nAza paTa kA bhI honA caahie| bauddhoM kA aisA kathana samucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ghaTa kA nAza hone para bhI ghaTa kI utpAdaka-sAmagrI miTTI to kapAloM meM bhI tAdAtmya-rUpa se banI rahatI hai| ghaTa ke utpAdana ke pUrva bhI jaba miTTI piMDarUpa meM rahatI hai, taba bhI vaha miTTI hai aura miTTI ke piMDa se jaba ghaTa kI utpatti hotI hai, taba bhI miTTI hai, arthAta ghaTa-paryAya yA ghaTAkAratA meM bhI miTTI hai, taba ghaTa-paryAya ke nAza hone para kapAloM meM bhI miTTI kI piMDarUpa paryAya meM, ghaTa-paryAya meM evaM ghaTa ke nAzarUpa kapAla ke paryAya meM- tInoM hI paryAyoM meM mRttikA-dravya kI dhrauvyatA (nityatA-tAdAtmyatA) nizcita rUpa se rahatI hai| mudagara Adi se jaba ghaTa kA nAza hotA hai, to usa ghaTa ke Tukar3e meM bhI miTTI abhedarUpa se rahatI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ghaTa ke nAza meM mRta dravya anvayarUpa se rahatA hai, usI prakAra mRttikA-dravya paTa ke nAza meM nahIM rahatA hai, ataH, dravya meM bhinnatA hone ke kAraNa ghaTa kI nAzaka-sAmagrI paTa kI nAzaka nahIM hotI hai| isI prakAra, hama ghaTa aura ghaTa ke nAza meM bhI dravya kI tAdAtmyatA ke kAraNa kathaMcit-bheda hI mAnate haiM, ekAntabheda nahIM mAnate haiM, jisase ghaTa kI nAzaka-sAmagrI ghaTa aura paTa se samAna rUpa se bhinna hokara bhI paTa kI nAzaka nahIM hotI hai, ataH, Apa bauddhoM kA tarka samucita nahIM hai| dUsare, ghaTa ke astitva aura ghaTa ke nAza meM hama jaina sarvathA abheda (tAdAtmya) bhI nahIM mAnate haiM, kyoMki ghaTa kA astitva aura ghaTa ke vinAza meM abheda mAnane para donoM eka hI samaya meM aura eka sAtha nahIM ho sakate haiN| donoM meM se kisI eka kA hI astitva ho sakatA hai, donoM ke eka sAtha astitva meM Apatti AtI hai, arthAt donoM meM se kisI eka ke rahane para dUsarA to nahIM ho sakatA hai| ghaTa aura ghaTa kA nAza- ina donoM ke sarvathA abhinna 111 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 729
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 131 hone para ghaTa ke astitva ke samaya bhI ghaTa-nAza hone para ghaTa rahegA hI nahIM aura ghaTa-nAza ke samaya bhI ghaTa ke vidyamAna hone para ghaTa-nAza hotA nahIM, arthAt ghaTa kA astitva aura ghaTa ke vinAza meM sarvathA abheda hone ke kAraNa donoM meM se eka hI rahegA aura zeSa eka kA abhAva hogA, ataH, ghaTa ke astitva aura ghaTa ke vinAza meM dravya kI apekSA se kathaMcita-abheda bhI hai aura paryAya kI apekSA se kathaMcit-bheda bhI hai| isa prakAra, kI mAnyatA meM kisI bhI prakAra kA koI bhI doSa utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura hama jaina aisA hI mAnate haiN|12 anta meM, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki hama jaina padArtha ke astitva meM dravya kI apekSA se abheda aura paryAya kI apekSA se bheda mAnate haiN| bheda aura abheda zabda paraspara virodhI hone se nizcita hI donoM meM virodha hotA hai- aisA jo Apa bauddhoM kA kathana hai, vaha ucita nahI hai| paryAya kI apekSA se bheda hone se aura dravya kI apekSA se abheda hone se vibhinna virodhI raMgoM se nirmita citra ke jJAna ke samAna unameM koI bhI virodha utpanna nahIM hotA hai| jisa prakAra eka hI citra meM vibhinna prakAra ke raMga hote hue bhI unameM kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra ghaTa ke astitva aura ghaTa ke vinAza meM kathaMcita-bhinnatA aura kathaMcit abhinnatA hone se kisI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai| yadi Apa bauddha hamArI bAta ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, to hamArA tarka hai ki Apake utpatti meM bhI miTTI aura ghaTa meM bheda-abheda kA virodha to AegA hI, kyoMki miTTI aura ghaTa meM bheda bhI hai aura abheda bhI hai| vastutaH, padArtha ekAntarUpa se nAza svabhAva vAlA bhI nahIM hai aura ekAntarUpa se kSaNika-svabhAva vAlA bhI nahIM hai| vastu meM kevala eka hI pakSa nahIM hai| vibhinna raMgoM ke citra-jJAna kI taraha usameM aneka pakSa rahe hue haiM, ataH, padArtha to utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai| Apa bauddhoM ke dvArA vastu svayaM ke vinAza ko nirhetuka mAnane sambandhI siddhAMta ke kAraNa ApakA hetu asiddha hotA hai, kyoMki vinAza bhI nirapekSa nahIM hai, apitu sApekSa hI hai, kyoMki vinAza ke nimittabhUta sahakArI-sAmagrI ke hone para hI nAza hotA hai| padArtha pratikSaNa ekAntataH vinAzazIla bhI nahIM hai| usameM dravya yA apane upAdAna kI apekSA se 112 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 729 113 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 729
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________________ 132 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA nityatva bhI hai| isa prakAra, padArtha kSaNika svabhAvavAlA hokara hI utpanna hotA hai yA pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa ekAntarUpa se vinaSTa hI hotA hai- aisA Apa bauddhoM kA kathana siddha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki ApakA isa prakAra, kA kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| saMsAra ke samasta padArtha pUrva aura uttarakAla meM kramavartI paryAyoM se yukta rahane ke kAraNa unameM utpAda, vyaya aura dhauvyatvatInoM hI haiN| isa prakAra, padArtha sAmAnya rUpa aura vizeSa rUpa- donoM hI haiM, aisA siddha hotA hai| kramavartI paryAyoM ke kAraNa yaha utpAda-vyayadharmA hai, sAtha hI apane mUla dravya kI apekSA se vaha dhrauvyaguNa yA UvaMtA-sAmAnya rUpa bhI hai, aisA siddha hotA hai|" bauddha-saMtAnavAda aura usakI samIkSA bauddhadarzana ke anusAra pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa badalatA rahatA hai| vaha do kSaNa bhI ekarUpa nahIM rahatA hai| isa AdhAra para bauddha-dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki sabhI padArtha kSaNika hI haiN| jisa prakAra nadI kA jala-pravAha rahate hue pratikSaNa usakA jala badalatA rahatA hai, usI prakAra jar3a aura cetana-jagat bhI pratikSaNa badalatA rahatA hai| bauddha-darzana meM dIpaka kI upamA se isa bAta ko samajhAyA gayA hai| jo dIpaka saMdhyA-samaya jalAyA gayA hai, vaha dIpaka saMpUrNa rAtri taka jalatA rahatA hai- aisA hamako AbhAsa hotA rahatA hai, kintu vAstavikatA yaha hai ki pratisamaya jalane vAlA tela aura battI ke kaNa to bhinna-bhinna hI hote haiN| isa AdhAra para bauddha-dArzanikoM ne yaha nirNaya liyA ki sattA mAtra parivartanazIla hai| jagata meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jo do kSaNoM taka ekarUpa rhe| jagat meM utpAda aura vyaya kA krama calatA rahatA hai, sthAyitva nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai| saba kSaNika haiM- yahI bhagavAn buddha ke darzana kA mUla maMtavya hai| bauddha-tripiTakasAhitya meM isa kSaNikavAda kA vivaraNa vistAra se milatA hai| tripiTaka meM varNita isa kSaNikavAda ko hI bauddha-nyAya ke tArkika granthoM meM bhI AdhArabhUta banAyA gayA hai| tArkika-dRSTi se bauddhadarzana ke kSaNikavAda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra, kI jAtI hai- jo vastu vartamAna-kSaNa meM utpanna hotI hai, vaha AgAmI kSaNa meM pUrNatayA naSTa ho jAtI hai| usake sthAna para samAna pratIta hone vAlI anya vastu utpanna ho jAtI hai, jise ve santAna kahate haiN| jisa vastu ko hama vartamAna-kSaNa meM pratyakSa kara rahe haiM, 114 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 730
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 133 vaha vastu anantaravartI kSaNa meM usI rUpa meM vidyamAna nahIM rahatI hai, dUsare kSaNa meM jo pratIta hotI hai, vaha usake sadRza usakI santAna hotI hai| jainoM kA kahanA hai ki vastu ko pratikSaNa badalatI huI mAnane para aneka prakAra kI tArkika-kaThinAiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM, kyoMki jisa svalakSaNa vastu kA isa kSaNa meM pratyakSa ho rahA hai, vaha uttaravartI kSaNa meM prApta hotI hai, koI anya vastu hI dUsare kSaNa meM prApta nahIM hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki yadi pramANa ko avisaMvAdaka mAnA jAe, to phira do kSaNa bhI sthAyI nahIM rahane vAlI vastu meM avisaMvAdakatA kA nirNaya kaise hogA ? DaoN. dharmacanda jaina kA kahanA hai ki isa tArkika-kaThinAI ko bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ne samajhA thA aura usane isakA samAdhAna khojane kA prayatna bhI kiyA thaa| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM hameM na kevala dharmottara kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, apitu hama yaha bhI dekhate haiM ki ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa ko prastuta karane meM dharmottara kA hI AdhAra liyA gayA hai| dharmottara ne pramANa ke viSaya ko do prakAra kA pratipAdita kiyA hai - 1. grAhya evaM 2. prApanIya (adhyvsey)| pratyakSa-pramANa kA grAhya viSaya svalakSaNa hai, kintu avisaMvAdakatA kA nirNaya karate samaya svalakSaNa-kSaNa ko prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, ataH, pratyakSa kA prApanIya viSaya to usakI saMtAna hI hotI hai|15 bauddhadarzana ke kSaNikavAda kI tArkika-sthApanA kI eka anya kaThinAI yaha hai ki vastu kI kSaNabhaMgatA kA upadarzana saMbhava nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki yadi vastu pratikSaNa badala rahI hai, to aura yadi vaha do kSaNa bhI sthAI nahIM hai, to phira usa parivartanazIlatA kA bodha kaise hogA ? isakA samAdhAna karate hue bauddha-dArzanika yaha kahate haiM ki sadRza kSaNoM meM manuSya ko paramArtha-kSaNa kA bhrama to hotA rahatA hai, kintu jaina-dArzanikoM kA kahanA yaha hai ki kSaNabhaMgavAda meM sarvathA sAdRzya kI kalpanA bhI aniSTa evaM ayukta hai| upasaMhAra - vastutaH, bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda aura saMtAnavAda eka-dUsare ke pUraka haiM, jahA~ kSaNikavAda vastu kI parivartanazIlatA ko batAtA hai, vahI saMtAnavAda pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa kI vastu ke sApekSika-sadRzya ko spaSTa karatA hai| 115 nyAya bindu, 1/12, pR. 70 se 72
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________________ 134 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bauddho kA saMtAnavAda unake kSaNikavAda kA eka pUraka-pakSa hI hai, jo parivartana ke bIca bhI sAdRzyatA kI bAta karatA hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ina donoM siddhAMtoM kI jo samIkSA kI gaI hai, vaha vastu ko ekAMta-kSaNika mAnakara hI kI gaI hai| bauddhoM kA kSaNikavAda unake saMtAnavAda ke sAtha milA haA hI hai, satya to yaha hai kI jahA~ kSaNikavAda vastu kI parivartanazIlatA ko sUcita karatA hai, vahIM saMtAnavAda isa parivartanazIlatA ke bIca rahI haI sadazatA ko prastuta bhI karatA hai aura spaSTa bhI karatA hai, jisase vastu 'vahI pratIta hotI hai| hameM ina donoM siddhAMtoM ko eka sAtha dekhanA hogaa| jaba hama ina donoM siddhAMtoM ko eka sAtha dekheMge, to yaha spaSTa ho jAegA ki ve jaina-darzana dvArA mAnya vastu kI utpAda-vyayadhauvyAtmakatA ko hI prastuta kara rahe haiN| unakA santAna kI sadRzatA kA siddhAMta vastuta: sApekSika-dhrauvyAtmakatA kA hI sUcaka hai| yadyapi unake anusAra, yaha sAdRzyatA pUrNa sAdRzyatA na hokara mAtra sAdRzyatA kA AbhAsa hI hai, phira bhI pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa ko jor3ane vAlA yadi koI AdhAra hai, to vaha yaha sAdRzyatA yA saMtativAda hI hai| jainAcAryoM ne aura vizeSa rUpa se ratnaprabhasUri ne bhI bauddhoM kI AlocanA ekAnta-kSaNikavAda mAnakara kI hai, jabaki bauddha vastutaH ekAnta-kSaNikavAdI nahIM haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki bauddha-granthoM meM vastu kI kSaNikatA kI yaha dhAraNA adhika mukhara hokara prakaTa huI hai, phira bhI ve ekAMta-kSaNikavAdI nahIM haiN| ekAMta-kSaNikavAda vastutaH ucchedavAda kA hI rUpAntaraNa hai, kintu bhagavAn buddha ne sadaiva hI ucchedavAda kA virodha kiyA hai| ve spaSTa rUpa se kahate haiM ki maiM na to ucchedavAdI hU~ aura na zAzvatavAdI, ataH, bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda aura saMtativAda ko milAkara dekhanA hogaa| yadi hama aisA kareMge, to jaina aura bauddha-darzana meM vaha dUrI nahIM raha jAegI, jaisI sAmAnyatayA samajhI jAtI hai|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 135 135 adhyAya 4 bauddha-anAtmavAda kA svarUpa aura samIkSA tripiTaka-sAhitya meM prastuta anAtmavAda- bhagavAn buddha dvArA pratipAdita siddhAntoM meM anAtmavAda eka pramukha siddhAnta hai| jaina-dArzanikoM ne bauddhadarzana ke anAtmavAda kI samIkSA karate hue usakA artha, AtmA nahIM hai- aisA lagAyA hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bhI pramAtA ke svarUpa kI carcA karate hue ratnaprabhasUri ne bhI anAtmavAda kA artha pramAtA-AtmA kA abhAva hI mAnA, kintu anAtmavAda kA yaha artha samucita nahIM hai| anAtmavAda kA vAstavika artha kyA hai ? yaha samajhane ke lie sarvaprathama hameM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM tripiTaka-sAhitya meM prastuta anAtmavAda ke saMdarbho ko dekha lenA hogaa| "to kyA mAnate ho bhikSuoM! rUpa nitya hai yA anitya ?" "anitya, bhnte|" "aura jo anitya hai, vaha duHkha hai yA sukha ?" "duHkha, bhante!" "to bhikSuoM ! jo anitya hai, duHkha hai, vipariNAmadharmA hai, kyA usake saMbaMdha meM yaha samajhanA ThIka hai ki "yaha merA hai, yaha maiM hU~, yaha merA apanA hai?" "nahIM, bhante !" "bhikSuoM ! vedanA nitya hai yA anitya ?" "anitya, bhante !" "aura jo anitya hai, vaha duHkha hai yA sukha ?" "duHkha, bhante !"
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________________ 136 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA "to bhikSuoM ! jo anitya hai, duHkha hai, vipariNAmadharmA hai, kyA usake saMbaMdha meM yaha samajhanA ThIka hai ki 'yaha merA hai, 'yaha maiM hU~, 'yaha merI apanI hai?" "nahIM, bhante !" "bhikSuoM ! saMjJA nitya hai yA anitya ?" __"anitya, bhante!" "aura jo anitya hai, vaha duHkha hai yA sukha ?" "duHkha, bhante !" "to bhikSuoM ! jo anitya hai, duHkha hai, vipariNAmadharmA hai, kyA usake saMbaMdha meM yaha samajhanA ThIka hai ki 'yaha maiM hU~, 'yaha merA apanA hai ?" "nahIM, bhante !" "bhikSuoM ! saMskAra nitya haiM yA anitya ?" ___ "anitya, bhante !" "aura jo anitya hai, vaha duHkha hai yA sukha ?" "duHkha, bhante !" "to bhikSaoM ! jo anitya hai, duHkha hai, vipariNAmadharmA hai, kyA usake saMbaMdha meM yaha samajhanA ThIka hai ki 'yaha merA hai, 'yaha maiM hU~, 'yaha merA apanA hai ?" "nahIM, bhante !" "bhikSuoM ! vijJAna nitya hai yA anitya ?" "anitya, bhante !" "aura jo anitya hai, vaha duHkha hai yA sukha ?" "duHkha, bhante !" "to bhikSuoM ! jo anitya hai, duHkha hai, vipariNAmadharmA hai, kyA usake saMbaMdha meM yaha samajhanA ThIka hai ki 'yaha merA hai, 'yaha maiM hU~', 'yaha merA apanA hai ?"
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 137 "nahIM, bhante !" "isalie bhikSuoM ! jo kucha bhI yahA~ rUpa hai, cAhe vaha atIta kA ho, yA bhaviSyat kA, yA vartamAna kA, Antarika yA bAhya, sthUla yA sUkSma, hIna yA praNIta, samIpa kA yA dUra kA, vaha saba rUpa merA nahIM hai, vaha maiM nahIM hU~, vaha merI AtmA nahIM hai, isa prakAra, samyak-prajJA dvArA yathAbhUta rUpa se dekhanA caahie|" "isalie bhikSuoM ! jo kucha bhI yahA~ vedanA hai, cAhe vaha atIta kI ho, yA bhaviSyat kI, yA vartamAna kI, Antarika yA bAhya, sthUla yA sUkSma, hIna yA praNIta, samIpa kI yA dUra kI, vaha saba vedanA merI nahIM hai, vaha maiM nahIM hU~, vaha merI AtmA nahIM hai, isa prakAra, samyakprajJA ke dvArA yathAbhUta rUpa se dekhanA caahie|" "isalie bhikSuoM ! jo kucha bhI yahA~ saMjJA hai, cAhe vaha atIta kI ho, yA bhaviSyat kI, yA vartamAna kI, Antarika yA bAhya, sthUla yA sUkSma, hIna yA praNIta, samIpa kI yA dUra kI, vaha saba saMjJA merI nahIM hai, vaha maiM nahIM hU~, vaha merI AtmA nahIM hai, isa prakAra, samyakprajJA ke dvArA yathAbhUta rUpa se dekhanA caahie| isalie bhikSuoM ! jo kucha bhI saMskAra yahA~ haiM, cAhe ve atIta ke hoM, yA bhaviSyat ke, yA vartamAna ke, Antarika yA bAhya, sthUla yA sUkSma, hIna yA praNIta, samIpa ke yA dUra ke, ye saba saMskAra mere nahIM haiM, ve maiM nahIM hU~, ve merI AtmA nahIM haiM, isa prakAra samyakprajJA dvArA yathAbhUta rUpa se dekhanA caahie| "isalie bhikSuoM ! jo kucha vijJAna yahA~ hai, cAhe vaha atIta kA ho, yA bhaviSyat kA, yA vartamAna kA, Antarika yA bAhya, sthUla yA sUkSma, hIna yA praNIta, samIpa kA yA dUra kA, vaha saba vijJAna merA nahIM hai, vaha maiM nahIM hU~, vaha merI AtmA nahIM hai, isa prakAra, samyak prajJA dvArA yathAbhUta rUpa se dekhanA caahie| "bhikSuoM ! isa prakAra, dekhakara zrutavAn Arya zrAvaka ke rUpa meM nirveda ko prApta karatA hai, vedanA meM bhI nirveda ko prApta karatA hai, saMjJA meM bhI nirveda ko prApta karatA hai, saMskAroM meM bhI nirveda ko prApta karatA hai, aura vijJAna meM bhI nirveda ko prApta karatA hai| vimukta hone para use yaha jJAna hotA hai- 'maiM vimukta huuN|' janma kSaya ho gayA, brahmacaryavAsa pUrA huA,
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________________ 138 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA karanA thA, so kara liyA, aba Age kucha karane ko zeSa nahIM hai- aisA vaha prajJA dvArA jAnatA hai|" yaha hai sampUrNa anAtmavAda kA upadeza, jise bhagavAna ne diyaa| kitanA vizada aura sarala hai isakA rUpa, jise kisI vyAkhyA kI apekSA nhiiN| tIna bAteM bhagavAn ne kramazaH atyanta sarala zabdoM meM yahA~ kahI hai| pahalI bAta yaha hai ki rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ko AtmA samajhanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ye bAdhAoM se grasta haiM, roga ke adhIna haiN| dUsarI bAta yaha kahI hai ki rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna anitya haiM, ataH, duHkha haiM, ataH, ye AtmA nahIM ho skte| tIsarI bAta yaha kahI hai ki jaba ye AtmA nahIM haiM, to inase nirveda prApta karanA cAhie, inase virakta honA cAhie aura isa prakAra, virAga ke dvArA vimukti kA sAkSAtkAra kara kRtakRtyatA sampAdita karanA caahie| buddhopadiSTa anAtmavAda apane sampUrNa rUpa meM itanA hI hai, na isase kucha kama na adhika 110 isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki tripiTaka-sAhitya meM rUpa Adi ko anitya aura duHkha-rUpa batAkara bhI usake anAtma hone kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai, kintu yahA~ yaha samajhanA Avazyaka hai ki bhagavAn buddha dvArA pratipAdita isa anAtma kA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai ? isa saMdarbha meM bhAratIya-dArzanikoM kI bhrAnti yaha rahI ki unhoMne anAtma kA artha AtmA nahIM hai- aisA mAna liyA, jabaki bauddhadarzana meM anAtma (anatta) kA vAstavika artha merepana kA niSedha hai| rUpa Adi kI anityatA aura duHkha rUpatA ke AdhAra para yaha batAyA hai ki - ye na maiM hU~, na mere haiM, na merI AtmA hai| isa samagra prasaMga meM AtmA zabda apanepana kA hI dyotaka hai| jaina-dArzanika haribhadra ne bhI zAstravArtAsamuccaya meM yahI kahA hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne anAtma kA upadeza tRSNA ke uccheda ke lie hI diyA thaa| bauddhadarzana meM anAtlavAda kA vAstavika artha yaha hai ki saMsAra meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jise hama apanA kaha skeN| AtmA nitya hai yA anitya- isa prazna ko lekara bhagavAn buddha kA spaSTa nirNaya thA ki na maiM zAzvatavAda ko mAnatA hU~ aura na maiM ucchedavAda ko mAnatA huuN| anAtma kA artha AtmA nahIM hai- aisA kahanA vastutaH ucchedavAda kA samarthana karanA hI hai, jo bhagavAna buddha ko mAnya nahIM thaa| 116 dekheM - bauddhadarzana tathA anya bhAratIya darzana, pR. 415 se 419
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bauddha--anAtmavAda kA artha Atma- saMtativAda sAmAnyatayA, bauddhadarzana meM anAtmavAda kA artha Atma-saMtativAda hI hai / jaisA hama pUrva meM sUcita kara cuke haiM ki bauddhadarzana sattA ke astitva kA niSedha nahIM karatA hai, mAtra usakI zAzvatatA yA kUTasthatA kA niSedha karatA hai / sAmAnyatayA, vipakSIya -- vicArakoM ne bauddha-dharma ke anAtmavAda aura kSaNikavAda ko punarjanma kI vyAkhyA kI dRSTi se asaMgata mAnA hai, lekina vastusthiti aisI nahIM hai| bauddhadarzana meM anAtmavAda AtmA kA abhAva nahIM hai / vaha kUTasthanitya AtmA kA niSedha hai, isIlie bauddhadarzana ke anAtmavAda ko Atma-saMtativAda ke rUpa meM samajhA jAnA cAhie / AcArya narendradeva likhate haiM- nairAtmyavAda se punarjanma aura karma ke prati uttaradAyitva ke siddhAMta ko kSati nahIM pahu~catI hai| nitya AtmA kI pratijJA karanA bhUla hai, saMtati kA ullekha karanA caahie| 117 - anAtmavAda yA kSaNikavAda ke sAtha punarjanma kA siddhAMta kaise saMgata ho sakatA hai, isakI vivecanA bhadanta nAgasena ne rAjA milinda ke sAmane kI thii| jaba milinda ne nAgasena se anAtmavAda evaM kSaNikavAda kI vivecanA sunI, to unake hRdaya meM bhI punarjanma kI asambhAvanA kI zaMkA uTha khar3I huii| unhoMne nAgasena se samAdhAna ke lie prazna kiyA- "bhante nAgasena ! kauna utpanna hai ( punarjanma grahaNa karatA hai) ? kyA vaha vahI rahatA hai, yA anya ho jAtA hai ?" nAgasena ne uttara diyA- "na to vahI aura na anya | jaise eka yuvaka vRddha hone taka na to vahI rahatA hai aura na anya ho jAtA hai, vaise jo punarjanma grahaNa karatA hai, vaha na to vahI rahatA hai aura na anya ho jAtA hai|" milinda phira bhI santuSTa na ho sakA / usane yaha jAnanA cAhA ki vaha kyA hai, jo punarjanma grahaNa karatA hai ? nAgasena ne isake uttara meM yaha spaSTa kiyA ki yaha nAma-rUpAtmaka saMtati-pravAha hI punarjanma grahaNa karatA hai| ve kahate haiM, "rAjan ! mRtyu ke samaya jisakA anta hotA hai, vaha to eka anya nAma-rUpa hotA hai aura jo punarjanma grahaNa karatA hai, vaha eka anya, kintu dvitIya ( nAma - rUpa) prathama ( nAma - rUpa) meM se hI nikalatA hai, ataH, he mahArAja ! dharma-santati hI saMsaraNa karatI hai / " bhagavAn buddha ke samaya meM sAtikevaTTaputta nAmaka bhikSu ko yaha mithyA dhAraNA utpanna huI thI ki vahI eka vijJAna' AvAgamana karatA hai| isa para bhagavAn ne use samajhAyA thA ki vijJAna to pratItya - samutpanna hai / vaha to bhautika 117 dekheM - bauddha dharma darzana, AcArya narendradeva, pR. 286 139
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA padArthoM kI apekSA bhI adhika kSaNika hai| vaha zAzvata rUpa se saMsaraNa karane vAlA nahIM ho sakatA / vastusthiti yaha hai ki eka janma ke antima vijJAna (cetanA) ke laya hote hI dUsare janma kA prathama vijJAna uTha khar3A hotA hai| isa kAraNa na to vahI jIva rahatA hai aura na dUsarA hI ho jAtA hai 140 1 bauddhadarzana aneka cittadhArAoM ko svIkAra karatA hai| vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki kaka, ka, ka, eka cittadhArA hai aura kha, khu, khu, kha, dUsarI cittadhArA hai / yadyapi ka ka ka ka eka-dUsare se abhinna nahIM haiM aura kha, khu, kha, kha, bhI eka-dUsare se abhinna nahIM haiM, tathApi inameM se pratyeka Atma-santAna ke sadasyoM ke bIca jo bandhutA hai, vaha eka Atma- santAna ke eka sadasya aura dUsarI AtmasantAna ke dUsare sadasya, arthAt ka, yA kha ke bIca nahIM hai| bauddha dharma AtmA kA eka aisI sthAyI sattA ke rUpa meM, jo badalatI huI zArIrika aura mAnasika avasthAoM ke bIca svayaM aparivartita banI rahe, avazya niSedha karatA hai, para usake sthAna para eka tarala AtmA ko svIkAra karatA hai| bauddhadarzana upAdAna ke abheda ke artha meM ekatA ko to asvIkAra karatA hai, lekina usake sthAna para sAtatya ko svIkAra karatA hai / yaha Atma santAnoM kI pravAhI dhArAoM kA sAtatya hI bauddhadarzana kI 'AtmA' hai| yahI tarala AtmA punarjanma grahaNa karatI hai| isa prakAra,, bauddha - anAtmavAda aura kSaNikavAda kI bhUmi ko kSati pahu~cAe binA punarjanma kI vyAkhyA saMbhava hai / 118 isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki bauddhadarzana meM anAtmavAda Atma-saMtativAda hI hai / vaha kisI sImA taka jainadarzana ke pariNAmI AtmavAda kA hI eka rUpa hai| antara kevala itanA hai ki jahA~ jainadarzana AtmA ko nitya - dravya ke rUpa meM aura cetana avasthAoM ke Atma-paryAyoM ke rUpa meM mAnatA hai, vahIM bauddhadarzana kevala citta-paryAyoM kI bAta karatA hai / bauddhoM ke dArzanika-granthoM meM Atma- saMtativAda kA prastutikaraNa bhI vastutaH citta yA cetana - dhArAoM ke rUpa meM hI huA hai| bauddhadarzana nitya, kUTastha va apariNAmI - AtmA kA niSedha karatA hai aura pariNAmI - AtmA ko cetana prakAra ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai| isa Atma- saMtativAda ko hI bauddha- dArzanika-grantha meM pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo Apa jaina AtmA ko nitya 118 dekheM - jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra- - darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga I, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 252
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 141 mAnate haiM, to Atmatattva (maiM) aura AtmIyatva (merA) kA Agraha hone ke kAraNa mukti kI prApti hI saMbhava nahIM hotii| bauddhoM ke AtmasantativAda kI samIkSA - jaina- cArvAka darzana ke paMca mahAbhUtoM se nirmita Atmatattva kI samIkSA karane ke pazcAt jaina-dArzanika AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke AtmasantativAda kI samIkSA karate hue "pramAtA' (Atamatattva) ke prastuta prakaraNa meM likhate haiM ki bauddha citta kI kSaNa-paraMparA mAtra ko hI 'AtmA' mAnate haiM, arthAta pratisamaya naSTa hone vAlI citta-dhArA hI AtmA hai| vastutaH, jaina-darzana svataMtra Atmadravya ke astitva ko mAnatA hai| yadyapi caitanya paryAyeM badalatI rahatI haiM, kintu una badalatI haI paryAyoM ke bIca bhI eka nitya-tattva rahA haA hai, jise jaina-darzana meM AtmA kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra bhinna-bhinna motiyoM ko eka dhAge meM piroe jAne se vaha eka mAlA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai, arthAt motiyoM meM anusyUta vaha dhAgA nitya-tattva ke rUpa meM una saba motiyoM ko vyavasthita banAe rakhatA hai|120 bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa bauddha- isake viparIta, bauddha-dArzanika yaha avadhAraNA dete haiM ki motI kI mAlA meM bhinna -bhinna motiyoM ke piroe jAne para bhI dhAgA eka hI rahatA hai, arthAta anvayI (dhruva) rahatA hai, kintu pratikSaNa vinazvara satata jJAna (citta) dhArA meM motI kI mAlA meM dhAge ke samAna Atma-tattva (caitanya) nitya (dhruva) nahIM hai| kSaNa-kSaNa meM citta-paryAya (dhArA) vinAza ko prApta hotI hai aura nae-nae (apUrva-apUrva) jJAna ko AvirbhUta (utpanna) karatI hai / jisa prakAra nadI kA jala-pravAha satata pravahamAna rahatA hai| purAnA pAnI baha jAtA hai, nayA-nayA pAnI pravAha ke mAdhyama se AtA rahatA hai, usI prakAra cetanA kA pravAha satata rahatA hai| cetanA meM pratikSaNa parivartana hotA rahatA hai| nityatA kA anubhava kevala eka dhArA kA hI hotA hai| isa prakAra, bauddha pratikSaNa utpAda-vinAzazIla aisI cittadhArA ko yA 11 yattu nityatve'syAtmIyagrahasadbhAvena muktyanavAptidUSaNamamANi, tadapyanavadAtam, viditaparyantavirasasaMsAra svarUpANAM parigata pAramArthikaikAntikA''tyantikAnanda sandohasvabhAvApavargopaniSadAM ca mahAtmanAM zarIre'pi kimpAkapAkopaliptapAyasa iva nirmmtvdrshnaat|| -ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 252 120 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 239
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA dhArAvAhika - jJAna ko hI svIkAra karate haiN| usa cittadhArA meM yA jJAna-dhArA meM anvayI (dhruva) Atma-tattva ko nahIM mAnate haiM / 121 142 cArvAka - dArzanika to Atma-tattva ke svataMtra astitva ko nahIM mAnate haiN| ve to yaha mAnate haiM ki cetanA bhUtoM ke saMyoga se utpanna hotI hai / Atmadravya kI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai| isake viparIta, bauddha- dArzanika AtmA yA cetanA ke astitva ko to mAnate haiM, kiMtu use citta - paryAyoM ke rUpa meM satata parivartanazIla mAnate haiM / cArvAka AtmA nAmaka mUlatattva (dravya) nahIM mAnate haiM, ataH unake darzana meM smaraNa aura pratyabhijJA Adi saMbhava hI nahIM haiM, jabaki bauddha-mata meM to citta-dhArA ke rUpa meM cetana - sattA (Atma-tattva ) ko svIkAra karate hue bhI smRti aura pratyabhijJA kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| 122 uparyukta kathana kA phalitArtha yaha hotA hai ki jisake pAsa dhana hI nahIM hai, vaha na to dAna-puNya Adi kara sakatA hai aura na sAMsArika sukhoM kA anubhava kara sakatA hai, kiMtu jisake pAsa dhana hote hue bhI yadi vaha dAna-puNya na kara sake, yA viSaya-bhogoM ke sukhoM kA anubhava na kara sake, to yaha kitane Azcarya kI bAta hogI / bauddhoM kI sthiti aisI hI hai / ' 123 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabhasUri bauddha - dArzanikoM kI isa avadhAraNA ko spaSTa karate hue likhate haiM ki bauddha - dArzanika yaha kahate haiM ki pUrvakSaNa ke citta ne jisa viSaya kA jJAna ( anubhava ) prApta kiyA, usa viSaya kI smRti uttara - kSaNavartI - citta meM nahIM rahatI hai, kyoMki pUrvakSaNa ke citta se uttara - kSaNavartI - citta sarvathA bhinna hai / jisa prakAra eka pitA kI do santAnoM kI buddhi bhinna-bhinna hotI hai, yathA- caitra kI buddhi se maitra kI buddhi atyanta bhinna hotI hai, caitra ne jo jJAna prApta kiyA, usakI smRti maitra ko nahIM ho sakatI hai aura maitra ne jo jJAna prApta kiyA, usakI smRti caitra ko nahIM hogii| pariNAmataH, jisane jo jJAna ( anubhava ) prApta kiyA hai, usakI smRti bhI usI ko rhegii| 12 121 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 239 122 - ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 239, 240 123 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 240 124 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 240
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 143 jainoM kA uttarapakSa jaina - jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki pUrvakSaNavartI jisa citta ne jo jJAna prApta kiyA hai, usa pUrvakSaNavartI citta kA nAza hone se aura uttarakSaNavartI navIna citta ke utpanna hone se- isa prakAra, pUrva-pUrva kSaNavartI citta se uttara-uttara-kSaNavartI citta ke atyanta bhinna hone ke kAraNa nae-nae jJAna yA anubhava ke utpanna hote hue bhI donoM citta ekAnta-bhinna hone se usa pUrvakSaNavartI citta meM smRti aura pratyabhijJA ghaTita nahIM hotI hai| yaha bAta to jagat prasiddha hai ki atyanta bhinna caitra ke dvArA jAne hue padArthoM ke jJAna kI smRti aura pratyabhijJA atyanta bhinna maitra ko nahIM ho sakatI hai| kadAcit aisA bhI mAna liyA jAe ki eka ke anubhavoM kI smRti dUsare ko ho sakatI hai, to phira kisI bhI eka vyakti ko hue padArtha-bodha se saMsAra ke sabhI vyaktiyoM ko usakI smRti ho jAnA cAhie, kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai| isa prakAra, se, caitra nAmaka eka hI vyakti ne pUrvakSaNavartI citta (buddhi) dvArA jo jJAna prApta kiyA hai, usakI smRti uttarakSaNavartI citta ko nahIM hogI aura smRti ke na hone para pratyabhijJA kA janma bhI nahIM hogA, kyoMki pratyabhijJA kI utpatti smRti aura anubhavadonoM se hotI haiN| isa prakAra, se, padArthamAtra ke anubhava se AtmA meM sthita pUrva-saMskAra vAlA jJAna pramAtA-AtmA ko 'vahI yaha padArtha hai- isa prakAra, kA pratyabhijJAna utpanna hotA hai, arthAt bhUtakAla ke padArtha ko vartamAnakAla ke padArtha ke sAtha tulanA karanA ki 'yaha vahI hai, 'yaha usake tadarUpa hai, 'yaha gAya usa gAya ke samAna hai ityAdi ko pratyabhijJA kahate haiM, kintu pratikSaNavartI-pUrvakSaNavartI citta se uttarakSaNavartI citta ke atyanta bhinna-bhinna hone se smRti ghaTita nahIM hotI hai tathA isI prakAra, smRti aura anubhava se hone vAlI pratyabhijJA bhI ghaTita nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra, bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa dUSita siddha hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, pUrva meM anubhUta padArtha ke vartamAna meM hamArI cetanA meM jo saMskAra jAgrata hote haiM, vaha smRti hai, isameM vartamAna kA viSaya nahIM hotA hai, yadyapi pratyabhijJA meM vartamAna kA anubhava hotA hai, kintu usase tulanAtmaka-jJAna hotA hai, vaha to pUrvakAlika-anubhava kI smRtirUpa hotA hai, ataH, bauddhadarzana meM smRti aura pratyabhijJA sambhava nahIM hotI hai| 125 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 240
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________________ 144 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSa bauddha - isa para bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki citta kI anityata ke kAraNa hamAre darzana meM 'smRti aura pratyabhijJA kA abhAva hotA hai- aisa Apa jainoM ne hama bauddhoM para doSAropaNa kiyA hai, kintu hama sAmAnyataya aisA kathana karate haiM ki bhinna-bhinna cittakSaNa ko, bhinna-bhinna jJAna hone para smRti aura pratyabhijJA kA abhAva ho sakatA hai, arthAt eka cittakSaNa hai jo jJAna prApta kiyA, usase sarvathA bhinna dUsare cittakSaNa meM dUsarA jJAna ho to vahA~ para smRti aura pratyabhijJA kA abhAva ho sakatA hai,125 kintu hama te yaha mAnate haiM ki samasta padArtha pratikSaNa vinazvara svabhAva vAle hone se eka-dUsare se bhinna to haiM, kintu isa bhinnatva ke hote hue bhI unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai aura jahA~ kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hotA hai, vahA~ smRti aura pratyabhijJA bhI saMbhava hai, kyoMki kArya kAraNa ke anurUpa hai| uttarakSaNa pUrvakSaNa kI santAna hotA hai, ataH, unameM kucha samAnatA bhI hotI hai| caitra aura maitra- ye donoM bhinna-bhinna santAna haiN| devadatta aura yajJadatta- ye dona bhI bhinna-bhinna santAna haiN| ina donoM ke bhinna-bhinna saMtAna hone ke kAraNa inakA cittakSaNa bhI bhinna-bhinna hogA aura donoM ke cittakSaNa bhinna hone ke kAraNa eka ke saMskAra dUsare ko prApta nahIM hoNge| vahA~ kArya-kAraNa ka abhAva hotA hai| caitra ne jo jJAna (anubhava) prApta kiyA hai, usakI smRti santAnAntaravartI maitra ko nahIM ho sakatI hai, kintu yadi ve paraspara eka ke hI santAna haiM, to pUrva-cittakSaNa ne jo jJAna prApta kiyA thA, vaha pUrva-cittakSaNa apane jJAna ke saMskAra apane uttara-cittakSaNa ko de detA hai jisa prakAra eka pitA apane saMskAra apane putra ko detA hai, athavA pita ke saMskAra putra meM avazya Ate haiN| jisa prakAra eka hI pitA kI saMtAna pitA ke saMskAroM ko, kiMvA unake guNa-dharmoM ko dhAraNa karatI calI jAta hai, usI prakAra pUrvakSaNa kI cetanA apane se utpanna uttarakSaNa kI cetanA ke apane saMskAra de detI hai, arthAta pUrvakSaNa apanI vizeSatAoM ko uttarakSaNa ko de jAtA hai| pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa eka-dUsare se aprabhAvita nahIM rahA haiM, ataH, pUrvakSaNa se uttarakSaNa atyanta bhinna na hone ke kAraNa donoM meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hotA hai aura kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hone ke kAraNa pUrvakSaNa kI smRti aura tajjanya pratyabhijJAna bhI saMbhava hai| yaha cittakSaNoM ke niraMtaratA satata pravAhita hotI rahatI hai, arthAt jArI rahatI hai| kintu bhinna-bhinna santAnarUpa cittakSaNoM meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva nahIM hotA hai, ataH unameM smRti aura pratyabhijJA saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra, hama bauddhoM ka 126 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 241
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 145 saMtativAda-siddhAMta hI ucita siddha hotA hai aura usase smRti evaM pratyabhijJA bhI saMbhava hotI hai| isa prakAra, Apake dvArA diyA huA doSa hama para lAgU nahIM hotA hai| jaina - bauddhoM dvArA uparyukta kathana kie jAne para jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki ApakA uparyukta kathana nirdoSa nahIM hai| jisa prakAra caitra aura maitra- donoM samAnAntara bhinna-bhinna haiM, una cittakSaNoM meM anyatva yA bhinnatva hai, usI prakAra akele caitra nAmaka vyakti meM bhI pUrvakSaNa kI cittavRtti se uttarakSaNa kI cittavRtti bhI bhinna hI hai| jisa prakAra caitra aura maitra kI cittadhArA meM ekAnta-bhinnatva hai, usI prakAra akele caitra kI cittadhArA meM bhI pUrva-cittakSaNa aura uttara-cittakSaNa meM ekAnta-bhinnatva hai aura ekAnta-bhinnatva meM smRti kaise saMbhava hogI ? yadyapi ApakA yaha kathana to ThIka hai ki pUrva-cittakSaNa ke uttara-cittakSaNoM meM saMskAroM ke saMskArita hone ke kAraNa unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai, kintu hama jainoM kA tarka yaha hai ki kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke hote hue bhI smRti kA honA avazyaMbhAvI nahIM hai, jaise eka pitA kI santAna meM bhI pitA ke anubhavoM kI smRti nahIM hotI hai, ataH, hetu ke samAna hone para bhI smRti kI asaMbhAvanA nahIM hotI hai, lekina hetu ke samAna hone para bhI smRti kI asaMbhAvanA kI siddhi to ho hI jAtI hai| dUsare, jaba taka smRti-pratyabhijJA saMbhava nahIM hogI, taba taka anumAna-pramANa bhI siddha nahIM hogaa| punaH, jainAcArya kahate haiM ki aisA koI bhI udAharaNa vAdI aura prativAdI- donoM ke samakSa nahIM hai ki ekAnta-bhinnatva hote hue bhI mAtra kArya-kAraNa-bhAva se smRti ghaTita ho jAtI hai| aise udAharaNa aneka ho sakate haiM ki jahA~ kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke hote hue bhI smRti saMbhava nahIM hotI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa- guru, ziSya ko jJAna detA hai, guru kAraNa hai aura ziSya kA jJAna kArya hai| guru-ziSya meM pitA-putra jaisA saMbaMdha to jarUrI nahIM hotA hai, jisase guru ke sabhI saMskAra yA anubhava ziSya meM Ate hI hoN| vastutaH, na to pitA-putra meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke hote hue bhI pitA ke anubhavoM kI sampUrNa smRti putra meM saMbhava ho sakatI hai aura na guru-ziSya meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hote hue bhI eka anubhavoM kI smRti dUsare ko saMbhava ho sakatI hai, cAhe pitA-putra meM saMtatibhAva ho, kintu guru aura 127 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 241 128 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 242
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________________ 146 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ziSya meM to ekAnta-bhinnatva hai, ataH, na to saMtativAda meM aura na ekAnta-bhinnatva meM smRti yA pratyabhijJA saMbhava hai|129 bauddha - bauddha-dArzanika jaina-siddhAMta kI samIkSA karate hue likhate haiM ki saMtAna ke saMskAra (karmavAsanA) se saMskArita hone para hI phala-prApti saMbhava hotI hai| jisa prakAra eka pitA apane saMskAra apane putra ko de jAtA hai, phira vaha apanI saMtAna ko saMskAra de jAtA hai, yaha saMskAroM kI zrRMkhalA calatI rahatI hai, usI prakAra eka hI cetanA meM cittadhArA bhI satata pravAhita rahatI hai, yathA-pUrva-cittakSaNa kI cetanA ne uttarakSaNavartI cetanA ko saMskAra die| phira isa uttarakSaNavartI cetanA ne apanI agalI uttarakSaNavartI cetanA ko saMskAra die| isa prakAra, eka hI cetanA-santAnoM meM jJAna (anubhavoM) kI yaha dhArA satata pravAhamAna rahatI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa jJAna kI (saMskAroM kI) paMraparA niraMtara Age se Age nadI ke pravAha ke samAna gatimAna hotI rahatI hai| ataH, hama bauddhoM ke mata meM smRti tathA tajjanya pratyabhijJA ghaTita hotI hai| isa prakAra, eka satata pravAhita cittadhArA meM saMskAra-prApti kI saMbhAvanA bhI rahatI hai aura isa prakAra, pUrvavartI cittakSaNa se uttaravartI cittakSaNa ke atyanta bhinna hote hue bhI eka hI citta kI saMtAna hone se smRti bhI saMbhava hotI hai, kintu isake viparIta, bhinna-bhinna cittadhArAoM meM phala-prApti evaM smRti- donoM saMbhava nahIM hote haiM, udAharaNasvarUpa- rakta jAti ke kapAsa ke bIja se rakta-kapAsa atyanta bhinna haiM, kintu eka santAnavartI hone ke kAraNa rakta-kapAsa ke bIja se tajjanya rakta-kapAsa hI kAryarUpa meM prApta hotA hai| rakta-kapAsa ke bIja meM aura rakta-kapAsa meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai| kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki bIja (kAraNa) aura usake phala (kArya) meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai, kapAsa meM jo raktatA hotI hai, vaha raktatA bIja ke aMkurita hone para phalIbhUta hotI hai, punaH, usa kapAsa se utpanna tantu meM bhI raktatA hotI hai tathA tantu se nirmita paTa meM bhI raktatA hotI hai| yaha raktatA bIja se lekara uttarottara antima pariNati taka banI rahatI hai| isa prakAra, vAdI aura prativAdI- donoM ko mAnya bIja meM jo raktatA hai, vahI raktatA phalIbhUta kapAsa meM bhI hotI hai| isI prakAra, eka santAnavartI cittakSaNa meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke hote hue bhI bIja, kapAsa kI raktatA ke samAna 129 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 243
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 147 smRti bhI saMbhava hotI hai, ataH, Apa jainoM kA yaha Aropa ki saMtativAda smRti saMbhava nahIM hai, khaMDita ho jAtA hai|130 jaina - bauddhadarzana ke isa tarka kI samIkSA karate hue jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki Apa bauddhoM kA yaha kathana samucita nahIM hai, kyoMki isa tarka meM anvaya evaM vyatireka-vyApti ke asaMbhava hone se svayaM Apake pakSa kI siddhi karane vAlA sadhetu bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki- 'yatra yatra kArya-kAraNa-bhAvaH, tatra tatra smRtiH bhavatyeva, yathA-kapAse raktatvAt'- isa prakAra, kI anvaya-vyApti honA cAhie, kintu yahA~ aisI vyApti nahIM hai, kyoMki jaise guru-ziSya ke madhya, miTTI-ghaTa ke madhya, tantu-paTa ke madhya kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke hote hue bhI, smRti nahIM hotI hai, to isa saMdarbha meM vyApti bhI kaise hogI? arthAt anvayavyApti nahIM hogii| dUsare, vyatireka-vyApti bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, yathA- 'yatra yatra na smRtiH, tatra tatra na kArya-kAraNa-bhAvaH', arthAt jahA~-jahA~ smRti nahIM hotI, vahA~-vahA~ kArya-kAraNabhAva nahIM hotA hai- aisI vyatireka-vyApti bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki tantu-paTa meM, miTTI-ghaTa meM, guru-ziSya meM smRti nahIM hote hue bhI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva to rahA huA hai| isa prakAra, yahA~ vyatireka-vyApti bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH, hama jainoM ne Apa bauddhoM ke samakSa jo anumAna prastuta kiyA hai aura usameM jo hetu diyA hai, usameM asiddhatA, vyabhicAritA yA anekAntikatA Adi koI bhI doSa nahIM hone se usameM koI bhI dUSaNa nahIM AtA hai, kyoMki rakta-kapAsa ke bIja meM aura rakta-kapAsa meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai, kintu smRti nahIM hai| kapAsa kI raktatA kA ApakA dRSTAMta bhinna hone se hamAre hetu meM kisI bhI prakAra kA koI doSa bhI nahIM AtA hai| dUsare, rakta-kapAsa ke bIja meM aura rakta-kapAsa meM jo saMbaMdha hai, vaha unameM kathaMcit-bhinnatva aura kathaMcit-abhinnatva rUpa mAnane para hI ghaTita hotA hai, sarvathA bhinnatva (anyatva) hone para to ghaTita bhI nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki bIja svayaM hI phUTakara aMkura ke rUpa meM utpanna huA aura usa aMkura se paudhA banA aura paudhe se kapAsa utpanna huA, to bIja aura kapAsa meM ekAnta-anyatva bhI kahA~ rahA ? arthAt nahIM rahA, arthAt ekAnta bhinnatva hote hue bhI jahA~-jahA~ kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hogA, vahA~-vahA~ yadi smRti bhI hotI ho, to phira guru aura ziSya kI buddhi meM bhI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke hone para smRti bhI honA cAhie. kintu aisA saMbhava 130 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 243
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________________ 148 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA nahIM hai, ataH, yaha koI avazyambhAvI niyama nahIM hai ki kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hone para smRti bhI ho| bauddha - isake uttara meM bauddha kahate haiM ki guru aura ziSya meM bhinnatva to hai hI, inameM buddhi ke saMbaMdha meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke hone para bhI eka ke anubhavoM kI dUsare ko smRti kaise hogI? isakA hI to virodha hamane kiyA hai| hamArA kathana to eka saMtAna ko lekara hai| guru-ziSya meM eka santAnatA nahIM hai| eka hI kI saMtAna meM hI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke hone para smRti bhI saMbhava hotI hai| 132 jaina - isa para bauddha-dArzanikoM kA khaNDana karate hue jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki jaba ApakA kSaNikavAda siddha nahIM huA, to Apane eka santAnavAda kA sahArA liyA, to Apa yaha batAie ki caitra athavA maitra- donoM meM se kisI bhI eka vyakti kI jo cittakSaNa-paraMparA hotI hai, vahI eka saMtAna hai- aisA Apa mAnate haiM, to yahA~ hamArA prazna yaha hai ki kSaNa-paMraparA se eka saMtAna nAmaka tattva bhinna hai yA abhinna ? yadi Apa aisA kahate haiM ki eka saMtAna-kSaNa paraMparA se abhinna hai, to abhinna mAnane kA tAtparya to yaha hogA ki Apane hamAre Atmatattva ko svIkAra kara liyA hai| dUsare, abhinna mAnane meM to santAnavAda kahA~ rahA, vaha to eka hI kI kSaNa-paMraparA huii| santAnavAda ke na hone para smRti bhI saMbhava nahIM hogii| isake pazcAt, dUsare prazna ke uttara meM yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki kSaNa-paMraparA aura saMtAna bhinna-bhinna haiM, to punaH nayA prazna utpanna hotA hai ki bhinna mAnA huA yaha eka saMtAna koI pAramArthika-padArtha hai ? yA mAtra kAlpanika hai ? yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki kSaNaparaMparA se eka saMtAna meM bhinnatva hone ke sAtha hI eka saMtAna apAramArthika arthAt kalpanAmAtra hai, koI bhI yathArtha vastu nahIM hai, to phira kalpanA meM smati nahIM hogI, athavA smati hogI bhI, to vaha aprAmAgikatA hI hogI ? ataH, kalpanA meM smRti ghaTita nahIM hogii| vastutaH, hama jainoM dvArA die gae smRti kI asaMbhAvanA ke doSa ko dUra karane ke lie hI to Apa bauddhoM ne eka saMtAna kI kalpanA kI hai, kintu ApakA yaha eka 131 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 243, 244 132 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 244 133 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 244, 245
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 149 santAnavAda mRga-marIcikA ke samAna kAlpanika hone se isase smRti saMbhava yA siddha nahIM hotI hai| yadi Apa santAna ko hI pAramArthika-tattva arthAt vAstavika mAnate haiM, to yaha pAramArthika-tattva nitya hai ? yA anitya hai ? yadi isa santAna nAmaka pAramArthika-tattva ko kSaNika kaheMge, to kSaNa-paraMparA to kSaNika hI hogI, ataH, usameM smRti siddha nahIM hogii| smRti siddha karane ke lie Apane saMtAnavAda kA sahArA liyA thA, kintu isase bhI smRti to siddha nahIM kara sake, kyoMki saMtAna bhI jaba kSaNika hai, to phira saMtAna aura kSaNapaMraparA- donoM hI eka samAna ho gae, to inameM bhI smRti siddha nahIM hogii| dUsare, Apane nitya nAma kA koI padArtha to svIkAra hI nahIM kiyA hai, to binA nityatA ke smRti kaise TikegI ?135 yahA~, jaina bauddhoM para vyaMgya karate hue kahate haiM ki ApakI sthiti to aisI ho rahI hai, jaise eka cora ne apane ko bacAne ke lie bhayabhIta hokara dUsare cora kI zaraNa grahaNa kI, kintu dUsarA cora bhI lUTane vAlA hI sAbita huaa| isa prakAra, sabase prathama to Apane kSaNikavAda ko siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA, lekina jaba dekhA ki kSaNikavAda siddha nahIM ho rahA hai, to Apane eka saMtAnavAda kI zaraNa grahaNa kI, kintu ApakA eka saMtAnavAda bhI khaMDita ho gyaa| yahA~, jaina bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki yadi Apa eka saMtAna ko kSaNaparaMparA se bhinna pAramArthika-nitya-padArtha mAneMge, to paramArtha se eka svataMtra sat-svarUpa vAlA nitya eka saMtAna nAmaka tattva hai- yaha svIkAra karanA hogA aura isakA tAtparya to yahI hogA ki Apane hamAre Atmatattva ko hI svIkAra kara liyA aura yadi aisA hai, to Apake mukha meM ghI, zakara, kyoMki phira to Apake mata meM aura hamAre mata meM koI virodha hI nahIM rahA|137 bauddha - punaH, bauddha-dArzanika apane santAnavAda ke mata ko puSTa karate hue kahate haiM ki upAdAna-upAdeya bhAva ke saMbaMdha se hone vAlA 134 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 245 135 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 245 136 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 245 137 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 245
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________________ 150 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hI 'saMtAna' kahalAtA hai aura isI AdhAra para smRti kI siddhi hotI hai| guru-ziSyAdi meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva to hotA hI hai, kintu vahA~ para upAdAna-upAdeya-bhAva nahIM hotA hai, ataH, vahA~ para smRti kA abhAva hotA hai|138 jaina - isa para, jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabha kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha kathana bhI to khaNDita ho jAtA hai| 'aviSvakabhAva' arthAt kathaMcita-abheda-bhAva yA kathaMcit-tAdAtmya-bhAva ke saMbaMdha-vizeSa ko yadi Apa nahIM mAneMge aura mAtra kAraNatva ko hI mAneMge, to kAraNatva to sarvatra samAna hone para 'yahA~ upAdAna-upAdeya bhAva haiM aura isase bhinna (itara) sthiti meM nimitta-naimittika-bhAva hai- aisA vibhAga bhI nahIM hogA, arthAt kArya-kAraNa-bhAva meM kathaMcita-abheda-saMbaMdha yA tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha mAneMge, to hI upAdAna-upAdeya-bhAva bhI siddha hogA, anyathA to ekAntabheda meM upAdAna-upAdeya-bhAva to ghaTita nahIM hogaa| yadi Apa bauddha tAdAtmya-bhAva ko mAne binA hI kevala yaha mAneMge ki jahA~-jahA~ kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hogA, vahA~-vahA~ upAdAna-upAdeya-bhAva hogA, to phira upAdAna-kAraNa ke samAna nimitta-kAraNa meM bhI kAraNatva ke samAna hone para vahA~ bhI upAdAna-upAdeya-bhAva mAnane kI Apatti utpanna hogI, jisase yaha upAdAna-kAraNa hai aura nimitta kAraNa hai- aisA vibhAga saMbhava nahIM hogaa| phalataH, jisa prakAra ghaTa se kumhAra daMDa, cakra, cIvara Adi nimitta kAraNa bhinna haiM, usI prakAra ghaTa se miTTIrUpa upAdAna-kAraNa bhI bhinna haiM- aisA siddha hogA, jabaki miTTI meM to upAdAna-kAraNatA hai aura kumhAra, daMDa, cakra, cIvara Adi meM sahakArI-kAraNatA hai- aisA bheda hI samApta ho jaaegaa| isI prakAra, paTa se turI-vemAdi bunane ke sAdhana bhI bhinna haiM, usI prakAra paTa se tantu bhI bhinna haiM- aisA siddha hogA, jabaki tantu upAdAna-kAraNa hai aura turI-vemAdi sahakArI-kAraNa haiN| isa prakAra,, upAdAna-kAraNa aura nimitta-kAraNa kA vibhAga bhI saMbhava nahIM hogA, jabaki upAdAna-kAraNa kArya se abhinna hotA hai aura nimitta-kAraNa yA sahakArI-kAraNa bhinna hotA hai| isa prakAra, se to kAraNatva mAtra samAnatA hone para yaha upAdAna-kAraNa hai aura yaha nimitta kAraNa hai- aisA - 138 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga IIT, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 245
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA vibhAjana bhI kArya kA kAraNa se kathaMcit - tAdAtmya aura kathaMcit-bheda mAne binA saMbhava hI nahIM hogaa| 139 bauddha isa para bauddha - dArzanika kahate haiM ki niyama to yaha hai ki saMtAna kA janaka hotA hai, vaha upAdAna kahalAtA hai, yathA- miTTI ghaTa (saMtAna) kI janaka hai, ataH, yaha upAdAna - kAraNa hai, kintu kumhAra, daMDa, cakra, cIvara Adi ghaTa ke janaka nahIM haiM, mAtra sahayogI haiM, ataH, ve upAdAna - kAraNa bhI nahIM haiM, mAtra sahakArI - kAraNa haiN| isI prakAra, tantu paTa kA janaka hone se upAdAna kAraNa kahalAtA hai, kintu turI - vemAdi paTa ke utpAdana meM mAtra sahayogI hone se upAdAna - kAraNa nahIM kahalAte haiN| isa prakAra, hama bhI uparyukta AdhAra para upAdAna aura nimitta - kAraNa kA bheda - sA vibhAga karate haiN| 14 jaina isa para, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM- ApakA uparyukta kathana yuktisaMgata siddha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki Apake isa kathana meM to itaretarAzraya (anyonyAzraya) nAmaka doSa hai| Apa yaha batAie ki jaise miTTI meM ghaTa utpanna karane kI zakti rahI huI hai, isalie Apa miTTI ko janaka aura ghaTa ko 'saMtAna mAnate haiM ? yA ghaTa meM apane upAdAna - kAraNa mRttikApiNDa se janyatA, arthAt utpanna hone kI yogyatA rahI huI hai, isalie ghaTa ko 'saMtAna' mAnate haiM ? tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi upAdAna - kAraNa arthAt miTTI, saMtAna arthAt ghaTa ko utpanna karane kI yogyatA rakhatI ho, tabhI vaha upAdAna - kAraNa bana sakatI hai tathA ghaTa (saMtAna) upAdAna - kAraNa se utpanna hone kI yogyatA rakhatA ho, tabhI ghaTa saMtAna bana sakatA hai| ina donoM meM prAthamikatA kisakI hogI ? yaha samasyA banI rhegii| ina donoM meM kathaMcit- tAdAtmya - saMbaMdha mAne binA unameM paraspara eka-dUsare para Azrita bhAva nahIM rahegA aura unameM ekAMta - anyatva yA bhinnatva hone para to unameM janya - janaka - bhAva bhI siddha nahIM hotA, ataH, kathaMcit - abheda ( tAdAtmya) kA bhAva mAne binA upAdAna - upAdeya-bhAva ko kaise siddha kareMge ?141 139 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 246, 247 140 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 247 141 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 247 151
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________________ 152 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jaina - punaH, jaina bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki do padArthoM ke atyanta bhinna hone para bhI jahA~ unakI jAti samAna ho, to vahA~ para bhI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva nahIM hote hue bhI saMtAna zabda kA vyavahAra hotA hai, jaise- yaha brAhmaNa kI saMtAna hai| yahA~ para brAhmaNa pitA aura brAhmaNa putra, yadyapi ye donoM atyanta bhinna haiM, parantu brAhmaNatva kI samAnatA hone se, arthAt samAna jAti vAle hone se kArya-kAraNa-bhAva nahIM hone para bhI, yaha brAhmaNa kI saMtAna hai, yaha kSatriya kI saMtAna hai- aisA loka meM vyavahAra hotA hai| vastutaH, santAna zabda kA prayoga jAti ke AdhAra para hotA hai, kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke AdhAra para nahIM hotA hai| usI prakAra, hama jaina bhI, yaha zabda-saMtAna hai, yaha pradIpa-saMtAna hai- aisA saMtAna zabda kA vyavahAra zabda aura pradIpAdi meM karate hI haiN| vaktA ke mukha se nikale hue zabda zrotA ke kAna meM eka ke bAda eka zabdoM meM bhinnatA hote hae bhI eka jAtirUpa samAnatA hone se, athavA unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ke hone se, yaha amuka zabda kI paraMparA hai, yA yaha amuka dIpaka kI paraMparA hai- aisA vyavahAra hotA hai, kyoMki dIpaka meM eka ke bAda eka naI lau jalatI rahatI hai| isa prakAra, se, hama jaina atyanta bhinna aise padArthoM (bhAvoM) meM bhI sajAtIyatA ke kAraNa saMtAna zabda kA prayoga karate haiN| punaH, jaina bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra hamAre jaina-darzana meM saMtAna zabda kA artha sajAtIya hai, usI prakAra yadi Apa bauddhoM ko bhI sajAtIya ke artha meM saMtAna zabda kA vyavahAra iSTa ho, to phira guru aura ziSya ke madhya bhI kyoM na saMtAna-bhAva siddha hogA, arthAt guru aura ziSya ke madhya bhI saMtAna-bhAva rahA huA hai- aisA mAnanA hogA, kyoMki donoM kI buddhi meM sajAtIyatA hone ke sAtha-sAtha una buddhiyoM meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva bhI rahA huA hai| ziSya apanI buddhi se bhUtakAla meM hue jJAna ko vartamAna meM bhI jAna letA hai arthAt ziSya ko bhUtakAla meM guru dvArA sikhAI bAtoM kI smRti vartamAnakAla meM banI rahatI hai, ataH, guru aura ziSya meM buddhitva kI samAnatA aura kArya-kAraNa-bhAva honA caahie| guru aura ziSya meM jaba saMtAna-bhAva hai, to phira guru kI smRti ziSya meM bhI A jAnA caahie| pUrvakAla ke saMskAra jaba vartamAna-kAla meM Ate haiM, to phira guru ke saMskAra ziSya meM A jAnA cAhie, kintu aisA hotA nahIM hai|143 142 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 247. 248 143 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 248
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 153 dUsare, 'brAhmaNa' aura 'pradIpa' Adi meM jaise samAna jAti aura kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hone se saMtAna zabda kA yadi vyavahAra mAneMge, to phira jahA~ para samAna jAti nahIM hogI, vahA~ saMtAna zabda kA prayoga bhI ucita nahIM hogA, yathA- dhuA~ yadyapi agni se utpanna hotA hai, kintu phira bhI donoM samAna jAti ke nahIM hone ke kAraNa vahAM saMtAna zabda kA vyavahAra nahIM hogaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki agni aura dhue~ meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hote hue bhI samAna jAti nahIM hai tathA isI prakAra, bAdala kI garjanA, vINA-madaMga kA saMgIta Adi eka-dUsare se bhinna hone ke kAraNa yA samAna jAti ke nahIM hone ke kAraNa Apa bauddhoM ke anusAra, ina dhvaniyoM kI utpatti binA upAdAna-kAraNa ke hI mAnanA pdd'eNgii| pariNAmasvarUpa, dhue~ aura agni meM anAdikAla se kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha yA vibhinna dhvaniyoM kI sajAtIyatA kahanA saMbhava nahIM hogaa| yadi Apa bauddha-dArzanika binA upAdAna-kAraNa ke hI dhue~ kI aura zabdAdi kI utpatti mAneMge, to phira Apako isI prakAra caitanya kI utpatti bhI Atmatattva (upAdAna-kAraNa) ke binA hI garbhAdi meM mAna lenA caahie| aisI sthiti meM pUrvajanma aura punarjanma- donoM kA abhAva ho jaaegaa| yadi Apa pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ko nahIM mAneMge, to Apake zAstra meM buddha ke bAre meM jo yaha ullekha hai, "aba se ikyANu bhava pUrva meM jo hiMsA kI thI, usI pApa ke kAraNa, Aja mere pA~va meM kAMTe cubha gae haiM- isa kathana kA kyA hogA ? yadi Apa paraloka ko nahIM mAneMge, to phira nirvANa (mokSa) bhI nirarthaka ho jAegA aura mokSa ke lie kI gaI sAdhanA Adi bhI vyartha siddha hoNge| isa prakAra, Apa bauddha kaIM doSoM se ghira jaaeNge| bauddha - uparyakta doSoM se bacane ke lie bauddha jainoM se kahate haiM ki dhue~ evaM agni meM aura megha ke garjArava aura vINA ke saMgIta meM cAhe kramazaH upAdAna-kAraNa-bhAva yA samAna jAtIyatA na ho, kintu hama bauddha to vijAtIya kAraNa se bhI kisI kA utpanna honA mAna lete haiM, kintu binA upAdAna-kAraNa ke utpatti honA to saMbhava hI nahIM hai| hama bauddha bhI utpatti to upAdAna-kAraNa se honA hI mAnate haiM, cAhe vaha utpatti kA upAdAna-kAraNa vijAtIya hI kyoM na ho, usakA sajAtIya honA hI jarUrI nahIM hai, vijAtIya se bhI kAryotpatti to ho jAtI hai| isa prakAra, ghaTa Adi meM sajAtIya upAdAna-kAraNa tathA dhuA~ zabda Adi meM vijAtIya 144 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 248, 249
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________________ 154 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA upAdAna-kAraNa hotA hai| isa prakAra, sajAtIya aura vijAtIya- donoM prakAra ke upAdAna-kAraNoM se kAryotpatti hotI hai - aisA hama bauddhoM ko svIkArya hai, ataH, hamAre mata meM koI bhI doSa lAgU nahIM hotA hai| jaina - isa para, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki yadi Apa bauddha vijAtIya-tattva ko bhI upAdAna-kAraNa mAneMge, to phira to kisI se bhI, kucha bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai- yaha mAnanA hogaa| isase Apake santAnavAda kI vyavasthA bhI nahIM ho paaegii| acchA Apa yaha batAie ki yadi Apa vijAtIya upAdAna se bhI kAryotpatti mAnate haiM, to phira Apako garbha meM hone vAle caitanya kA upAdAna-kAraNa bhI garbha meM bane hue paugalika-zarIra (vijAtIya tattva) ko hI mAna lenA caahie| phira aisA siddhAMta kyoM prastuta karate haiM ki uttarakSaNavartI cetanA kA upAdAna kAraNa pUrvakSaNavartI cetanA hI hai, arthAt pUrvabhava ke caitanya ke kAraNa uttara-kSaNavartI caitanya kA janma huA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vijAtIya upAdAna se bhI yadi kAryotpatti ho jAtI hai, to kyoM na Apa garbha meM hI paMcamahAbhUtoM ke zarIra se hI caitanya kI utpatti mAna lete ho ? kyoMki Apa bauddha-dArzanika to cAhe kisI bhI sajAtIya aura vijAtIya tattva ko hI kAraNa mAnate haiN| isake viparIta, yadi Apa sajAtIya ko hI upAdAna-kAraNa mAnane kA Agraha rakhate haiM, to phira dhue~ aura zabda Adi ko bhI anAdikAlIna kisI sajAtIya kAraNa ko hI "saMtAna' siddha karanA paDegA, jabaki pUrvakAlavI "saMtAna' to kisI ko bhI dikhAI nahIM detI hai| isI prakAra, yadi unameM upAdAna-upAdeya bhAva mAneMge, to bhI saMtAnavAda siddha nahIM hone ke kAraNa smRti aura pratyabhijJA Adi kI vyavasthA bhI paravAdiyoM ke mata meM ghaTita nahIM hogii| dUsare, paraloka meM jAne vAle Atmatattva nAmaka kisI bhI padArtha ke saMbhAvita na hone se paraloka evaM punarjanma kA abhAva mAnanA pdd'egaa| isa prakAra, punarjanma kA abhAva hone se smRti aura pratyabhijJA ke abhAva kI Apatti paravAdiyoM ke mata meM utpanna hogii| 45 punaH, jainAcArya kahate haiM ki kadAcit-jJAna kI kSaNapaMraparA ko mAnane ke kAraNa Apa kisI bhI prakAra se yadi, paraloka (punarjanma) haiaisA mAnate haiM, to phira Apake siddhAnta meM akRtAgama aura kRtapraNAza - ye do prakAra ke doSa utpanna hote haiM, jinako Apa kaise dUra kara pAeMge ? kyoMki prathama kSaNa meM jo dhArmika anuSThAna huA, vaha prathama jJAnakSaNa to 145 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 250
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA sarvathA naSTa hone vAlA hone se usake phala kA upabhoga to prathama jJAna ko milane vAlA nahIM hai, arthAt prathama jJAnakSaNa yA cetanAkSaNa ko usakI dhArmika-kriyA kA phala milatA nahIM hai, ataH yaha kRtapraNAza huA tathA uttarajJAnakSaNa yA cetanAkSaNa ko prathama jJAnakSaNa kA phala milatA hai, ataH, yaha akRtAgama huA, kyoMki uttarajJAna - kSaNa ne to kucha bhI dhArmika - anuSThAna kiyA hI nahIM thA, phira bhI usako phala mila rahA hai| vastusthiti yaha banegI ki prathama jJAnakSaNa ko kRtakarma kA phala nahIM milane ke kAraNa kRtapraNAza kA doSa hogA tathA uttarakSaNa ko binA karma kie phala milane ke kAraNa akRtAgama kA doSa utpanna hogA / 146 bauddha isake uttara meM bauddha- dArzanika kahate haiM ki hamAre kSaNikavAda ke siddhAMta meM Apane jo kRtapraNAza aura akRtAgama ke doSa dikhAe haiM, ve donoM doSa hamAre mata meM lAgU hI nahIM hote haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki hamAre mata meM karttA cetanAkSaNa koI hogA aura bhoktA cetanAkSaNa koI anya, kintu hamane to yaha siddhAMta prastuta hI nahIM kiyA hai ki ve paraspara bhinna-bhinna hI haiN| hama to yaha kahate haiM ki karttA aura bhoktA cetanAkSaNoM kA niyAmaka tattva to unakA kArya-kAraNa- bhAva hai aura kArya kAraNa-bhAva kI apekSA se paraspara sambaddha hai| jJAnakSaNa yA cetanAkSaNa ke aMdara rahA huA yaha kArya-kAraNa-bhAva to pravAharUpa se anAdikAlIna hai| isameM pUrvakSaNa apanA saMskAra uttarakSaNa ko de jAtA hai| isI ko hama santAnavAda ( santAna) kahate haiM aura isI santAnavAda se sArA vyavahAra calatA hai| prathama kSaNa meM citta ne jo bhI dhArmika kriyA yA vyavahAra kiyA hai, usakA phala kAryarUpa meM usake hI uttarakSaNa ko prApta hotA hai, kintu santAnAntaravartI anya cittakSaNa ko usakA phala prApta nahIM hotA hai, isalie yadi AtmA ko anitya (sarvathA kSaNika) bhI mAnA jAe, to bhI kArya-kAraNa- bhAva hI niyAmaka (vyavasthA karane vAlA) hone ke kAraNa akRtAgama yA kRtapraNAza - doSa nahIM AtA hai / pUrvakSaNa uttarakSaNa se asaMbaMdhita nahIM hai / donoM eka-dUsare se saMbaMdhita hone ke kAraNa hamArA mata nirdoSa hI hai / 147 - punaH, bauddha - dArzanika kahate haiM ki isake viparIta yadi Apa jaina AtmA ko nitya mAnate haiM, to nitya arthAt aparivartanazIla AtmA meM to kisI bhI prakAra kA vikAra utpanna hI nahIM ho sakatA hai, jabaki yaha to 146 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 250 147 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 251 155
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________________ 156 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA spaSTa hai ki sukha-duHkha, rAga-dveSa Adi vikAra AtmA meM janma ke sAtha hI pAe jAte haiM, aisI sthiti meM vikArI AtmA to nitya ho nahIM sktii| vikArI AtmA ko to anitya hI mAnanA par3egA, udAharaNasvarUpa- carma anitya hai| vaha anitya carma varSA ke samaya meM phaila jAtA hai aura garmI (Atapa) meM sikur3a jAtA hai| sikur3anA aura phailanA- ye donoM parivartana camar3e kI anityatA ke kAraNa hote haiN| camar3e ko yadi nitya mAna liyA jAe, to yaha parirvatana kadApi saMbhava nahIM hogaa| isI prakAra, anitya AtmA meM hI sukha-duHkha, rAga-dveSa Adi vibhinna prakAra kI avasthAeM hotI haiN| jisameM vikAra utpanna ho, jisameM parivartana hotA ho, use nitya kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? nitya AtmA ko to pUrNarUpeNa nirvikArI hI honA caahie| pUrva janmoM ke karmoM kA phala sukha-duHkharUpa meM mile yA na mile, nitya AtmA ko to koI pharka nahIM par3ane vAlA hai| na to puNyodaya ke hone para AtmA sukha-duHkha kA anubhava karegI aura na pApodaya hone para duHkha kA anubhava kregii| donoM avasthAoM meM nitya avikArI AtmA para to koI bhI prabhAva nahIM par3anA caahie| isa prakAra, to, karmaphala ko bhI niSphala ho jAnA caahie|148 zAstroM meM bhI ullekha milatA hai- cAhe varSA ho, cAhe garmI, AkAza ko to koI pharka nahIM par3atA hai, kyoMki AkAza nitya hai, kintu isake viparIta, carma Adi jo anitya vastue~ haiM, una para varSA aura garmI kA prabhAva hotA hai, kyoMki camar3A anitya hone ke kAraNa parivartanazIla bhI hai| phalataH, yadi Apa AtmA ko camar3e ke samAna parivartanazIla mAneMge, to AtmA anityatA kI koTi meM AegI aura yadi AkAza-puSpa ke samAna aparivartanazIla mAneMge, to AtmA nityatA kI koTi meM AegI, jisase karma aura karmaphala niSphala ho jaaeNge| bauddha jainoM se kahate haiM ki AtmA ko nitya-dravya mAnane meM karmoM kI niSphalatA aura anitya-dravya mAnane meM akRtAgama, kRtapraNAza Adi doSa utpanna hote haiM, isalie Apa jainoM se nivedana hai ki 'AtmA nAmaka eka tattva hai- isa Agraha kA tyAga kreN| 'AtmA hai- isa moha kA tyAga hone para merepana kA bhI tyAga ho jaaegaa| 'maiM bhI nahIM aura 'merA bhI kucha nahIMaisI ahaMkAra aura mamakAra granthi kA nAza hone para nairAtmya-darzana (AtmA 148 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 251 149 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 251
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 157 jaisA koI tattva hI nahIM haiM- aisA darzana) hI mukti kA praveza-dvAra siddha hogaa| ahaMkAra aura mamakAra kI granthi jaba taka rahegI AtmA ko nirvANa kI prApti saMbhava hI nahIM hogI, ataH, Apa jaina Atmadravya ko mAnane kA Agraha chor3eM tathA ahaMkAra aura mamakAra kI granthi ko samApta kara nirvANa-sukha ko prApta kreN|150 jaina - isa para, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasari bauddhoM kI samIkSA karate hae kahate haiM ki Apa kSaNikavAda se bacane ke lie santAnavAda kA sahArA lete haiM, kintu ApakA santAnavAda bhI ghaTita nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki saMtAna nAma kA koI tattva hI nahIM hai, jo kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kI vyavasthA kara ske| jina cetanAkSaNoM ko Apa satata pravAhazIla kahate haiM, ve jJAnakSaNa yA cetanAkSaNa (citta-paryAyeM) to ekAntarUpa se bhinna-bhinna haiN| yaha kaise mAneM ki pUrvakSaNa kI citta-paryAya ne apanA saMskAra uttarakSaNa kI citta-paryAya ko de diyA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki citta-paryAya eka jaisI nahIM hotI hai| badalatI huI citta-paryAyoM ko hama bhI to svIkAra karate haiM, kintu una badalatI huI citta-paryAyoM ke bIca bhI koI Atmadravya rahA huA hai, jo una sabako eka-dUsare se akSuNNa banAe rakhatA hai- aisA mAnate haiN| kaThinAI yaha hai ki Apa bauddha AtmA ko hI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, binA Atmatattva ko svIkAra kie vaha kaunasA tattva hai, jo ina cetanAkSaNoM ko eka-dUsare se jor3akara rakhatA hai, jisase ApakA santAnavAda bhI siddha ho ske| cetanAkSaNarUpI bhinna-bhinna motI ke dAnoM ko eka mAlA kA rUpa dene vAlA AtmatattvarUpI dhAgA hI hai, jo saba cittakSaNa yA citta-paryAyarUpI motiyoM ko eka sUtra (dhAge) meM pirokara unheM kArya-kAraNa-bhAvarUpa se jor3ane kA kArya karatA hai| ataH, do cittakSaNoM yA cittaparyAyoM ke bIca koI upAdAna-kAraNarUpa tattva hai, jise hama Atmatattva kahate haiM, vahI ina cittakSaNoM yA cittaparyAyoM ko paraspara saMbaMdhita karatA hai| Apa bauddha paryAyoM (cittakSaNoM) ko to svIkAra karate haiM, kintu Atmadravya ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, jisase ApakA saMtativAda khaMDita ho jAtA hai| punaH, jaina bauddhoM se kahate haiM- Apane hama para yaha Aropa lagAyA hai ki sukha-duHkha Adi avasthAoM ke kAraNa AtmA meM vikAra (parivartana) utpanna hotA hai, to AtmA nitya kaise mAnI jAegI ? vaha vikArI AtmA 150 ratnAkarAvatArikA bhAga, III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 251, 252 151 ratnAkarAvatArikA bhAga, III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 252
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________________ 158 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA to camar3e ke samAna anitya khlaaegii| hama jaina to Apake kathana kA virodha, mAtra Apake ekAnta-anityatA yA kSaNikatA ke Agraha ko lekara karate haiN| Apa bauddhoM ko yaha jJAta rahe ki jaina-darzana ekAntavAda kA virodhI hai tathA anekAntavAda (syAdvAda) kA pakSadhara hai| anekAntavAda ke sahAre se 'kathaMcit-nityatA' aura 'kathaMcit-anityatA' ko svIkAra karate haiN| hama yaha nahIM kahate ki AtmA ekAnta-anitya hai| hama to yaha kahate haiM ki AtmA kathaMcit-nitya bhI hai aura kathaMcit-anitya bhii|152 dUsare, Apa bauddhoM ne hama para yaha bhI Aropa lagAyA ki yadi Apa AtmA ke nityatva ko svIkAra kareMge, to ahaMkAra aura mamakAra, arthAt 'maiM' aura 'merepana' ke Agraha se mukti kI prApti nahIM hogI, kintu hamAre para lagAyA gayA ApakA yaha doSa bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki jinhoMne sAMsArika bhogoM kA isa rUpa meM anubhava kara liyA hai ki ye bhoga prAraMbha meM to manohara lagate haiM, kintu anta meM atyanta duHkhadAyI hote haiM, sAtha hI jinhoMne Atyantika zAzvata sukharUpI mokSa ke svarUpa ko jAna liyA hai, una mahApuruSa ke samakSa yadi kiMpAka-phala ke rasa se banI huI khIra bhI A jAe, to ve yaha jAnate haiM ki yaha khAne meM svAdiSTa, lekina pariNAma meM matyu dene vAlI hai, aisI viSayukta khIra ke prati jaise unheM mamatva nahIM hotA hai, vaise hI svayaM kI deha ke prati bhI mamatva nahIM hotA hai, to phira unheM 'maiM aura 'merA kI granthi kaise utpanna hogI ? ve to mAtra mokSa ke vAstavika svarUpa ko jAnane vAle evaM usake hetu sadAcaraNa karane vAle hote haiN| ataH, yadi Apa bauddha Atmatattva ko kathaMcit-nitya aura kathaMcit-anitya mAna leM, to phira ApakI mAnyatA meM bhI kisI prakAra kA koI bhI doSa utpanna nahIM hogaa| 'maiM aura merA hI mukti meM bAdhaka banatA hai- aisA kahakara AtmA ko anitya hI mAnanA cAhie, jisase 'nairAtmya-darzana' hI mukti kA praveza-dvAra bana sake ityAdi Apake kathana AgrahapUrNa haiM, inheM Apako chor3anA hogA, anyathA santativAda bhI nirdoSa nahIM raha pAegA, vaha khaNDita ho jaaegaa| 152 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 252, 253 153 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 252, 253 154 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 253
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 159 anta meM, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasari bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki Apa bauddhoM dvArA mAnya nairAtmya-darzana meM caitanya (Atma) tattva jaisA koI sthAyI (nitya) tattva to hai nahIM, jisake kAraNa se paraloka meM sukhI banane ke lie koI puruSArtha kiyA jA ske| tAtparya yaha hai ki Apake darzana meM mAtra jJAnakSaNa (citta-paryAya yA cittakSaNoM kI dhArA) hI hai, nitya (dhruva) Atmatattva nAma kA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai, jo una cittakSaNoM ko eka-dUsare se jor3akara rakha ske| kyA mAtra eka samaya rahane vAlA kSaNa-jIvI prathama jJAnakSaNa yA cittakSaNa uttarottara hone vAle jJAnakSaNa ko sukhI banAne ke lie koI prayatna karegA ? arthAt kadApi nahIM karegA, jabaki dekhA yaha jAtA hai ki yadi koI nitya devadatta duHkhI hogA, to svayaM ke duHkha ko dUra karane ke lie tathA sukha kI prApti ke lie svayaM hI puruSArtha karegA, kintu vaha kisI anya yajJadatta ke duHkha ko dUra karane kA evaM usako sukhI banAne kA koI prayatna kre| isa prakAra, se, koI bhI eka cittakSaNa uttarottara hone vAle cittakSaNoM ke sukha ke lie tathA unake duHkhoM kA nAza karane ke lie prayatna kare- yaha kathana ucita nahIM lagatA hai| prathama cetanAkSaNa kA jo bhI sukha yA duHkha hai, vaha to prathama cetanAkSaNa ke naSTa hone ke sAtha hI naSTa ho jAtA hai| prathama kSaNa aura usakA sukha-duHkha- ye donoM hI kSaNamAtravartI hone se dUsare kSaNa meM to naSTa hone vAlA hI hai, to usa duHkha ko naSTa karane ke lie aura sukha ko prApta karane ke lie kisI atirikta prayatna kI to koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM raha jAtI hai|155 jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri Age kahate haiM- isa prakAra, se Apa bauddha ina doSoM ko dUra karane ke lie bAra-bAra jo "saMtAna' kA prayoga karate haiM, to ApakA yaha saMtAna bhI koI vAstavika padArtha to nahIM hai, jisakA kathana hama pUrva meM kara cuke haiN| dUsare, yadi kadAcit Apa saMtAna ko vAstavika padArtha ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, to isakA tAtparya to yahI hogA ki antataH to Apane hamAre pariNAmI-nitya-caitanya tattva Atmatattva ko hI svIkAra kara liyA hai, ataH, anta meM jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki isa prakAra, se bauddhoM ke anAtmavAda aura cArvAka ke anitya-AtmavAda kA khaMDana ho jAtA hai tathA pratyakSa Adi pramANoM kA 'pramAtA nitya Atmatattva hai- isakI siddhi ho jAtI hai| 58 155 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 254 156 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 254
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________________ 160 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA upasaMhAra - isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki bauddha-anAtmavAda tArkika-dRSTi se samIcIna hai, kintu bauddha-anAtmavAda kA artha AtmA nahIM hai- yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| bhagavAna buddha ne 'kUTasthanitya AtmA kA yA apariNAmI (aparivartanazIla) AtmA kA niSedha kiyA thaa| ve pariNAmI yA tarala AtmA ko svIkAra karate haiN| unake anusAra, AtmA satata parivartanazIla hai| jinheM jaina-darzana AtmaparyAya kahatA hai, vahI bauddha-darzana kI cittasantati hai| jaina-darzana ke samAna bauddha-darzana bhI yaha to mAnatA hai ki paryAya se pRthaka dravya kI sattA nahIM hai, usI ko AdhAra banAkara bauddha-darzana yaha kahatA hai ki citta-paryAyoM arthAt caittasika avasthAoM se bhinna AtmA nAmaka koI tattva nahIM hai| unake darzana meM parivartanazIla citta-dhArA se pRthak koI AtmA nahIM hai| yahA~ hama yaha dekhate haiM ki bauddha-dArzanikoM kI 'AtmA' kI avadhAraNA ko jaina-dArzanikoM ne usake mUla artha meM grahaNa na kara AtmocchedavAda yA anAtmavAda ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA, jo ucita nahIM thaa| jaina aura bauddha-darzana meM mAtra antara yaha hai ki bauddhoM ne jise citta-dhArA kahA, use jainoM ne AtmaparyAya maanaa| jaina-darzana AtmA ko nityAnitya mAnatA hai, jabaki bauddha darzana use satata parivartanazIla mAnakara anitya mAnatA hai, yahI donoM kA aMtara hai| ratnaprabhasari ne use Atma-niSedha ke artha meM jo grahaNa kiyA, vaha ucita nahIM hai|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 161 adhyAya - 5 zabdArtha-sambandha meM bauddha evaM anya dArzanikoM ke matoM kI samIkSA zabdArtha-sambandha ko lekara vibhinna pakSa ratnAkarAvatArikA meM sarvaprathama AdivAkya ke prayojana meM nihita zabda aura artha ke sambandha ko lekara bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara yaha zaMkA prastuta karate haiM ki 1. zabda aura artha meM koI saMbaMdha hI nahIM ho sakatA hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki 2. mImAMsaka zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha mAnate haiN| 3. naiyAyika zabda aura artha meM tadutpatti-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM aura 4. jaina zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM, kintu bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara zabda aura artha meM koI saMbaMdha hI nahIM mAnate haiM aura apane mata kI puSTi hetu ve zabda aura artha meM uparyukta tInoM prakAra ke saMbaMdha kA khaNDana karate haiN|157 TIkAkAra AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ke anusAra, AdivAkya kA mukhya uddezya to grantha-lekhana kA prayojana batAnA hai aura isa prayojana kI siddhi zabda aura artha ke saMbaMdha para hI AdhArita hai| zabdArtha-sambandha ke viSaya meM bauddha-pUrvapakSa - cauddha-dArzanika dharmottara dvArA zabdArtha-saMbaMdha para kucha zaMkAe~ prastuta kI gaI haiM, ataH, ratnAkarAvatArikA ke prAraMbha meM zabdArtha-saMbaMdha para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara dvArA sarvaprathama yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki zabda aura artha eka-dUsare se paraspara saMbaddha hai yA asaMbaddha ? yadi zabda aura artha eka-dUsare se asaMbaddha haiM- aisA mAnate haiM, to yaha mata ucita 157 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 16
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________________ 162 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi zabda aura artha eka-dUsare se asaMbaddha haiM- aisA mAneMge, to phira unameM vAcya-vAcakabhAva bhI siddha nahIM hogA aura zabda evaM artha meM vAcya-vAcakabhAva ko nahIM mAnane para grantha-lekhana kA prayatna bhI nirarthaka hogaa| yadi zabda aura artha paraspara sambaddha yA saMbaMdhita haiM- aisA mAnate haiM, to phira unameM kaunasA saMbaMdha hai ? kyA tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha hai ? yA tadutpatti-saMbaMdha hai ? yA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha hai ?150 zabdArtha-sambandha ko lekara ratnAkarAvatArikA meM cAra prakAra kI mAnyatAe~ ullekhita haiM 1. tAdAtmya-sambandha 2. tadutpatti-sambandha 3. vAcya-vAcaka-sambandha 4. koI sambandha nahIM yA anyathApoha mImAMsaka ke tAdAtmya-sambandha kI samIkSA sarvaprathama mImAMsaka zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha svIkAra karate haiN| unakA mata hai ki zabda aura artha eka-dUsare se abhinna hai| jo zabda hai, vahI artha hai tathA jo artha hai, vahI zabda hai| donoM meM abhinnatA hai, arthAt zabda aura artha meM kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai|'59 AcArya ratnaprabhasUri dvArA tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha kI AlocanA isakA khaNDana karate hue AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki yadi donoM meM tAdAtmya yA abheda hai, to donoM alaga-alaga nahIM hoNge| sambandha do bhinna vastuoM meM hotA hai, ataH, aisI sthiti meM unameM koI sambandha hI nahIM hogaa| dUsare, yadi donoM abhinna haiM, to aisI sthiti meM koI bhI zabda apane nizcita vAcyArtha kA bodha nahIM karA skegaa| yadi hama bhinna-bhinna vastuoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna zabdoM kA uccAraNa karate haiM, jaise - ghaTa, paTa, gaja, azva Adi, to ina zabdoM se bhinna-bhinna arthoM kI pratIti nahIM hogii| isa prakAra, sabhI zabda bhinna-bhinna arthoM ke vAcaka na hokara eka hI artha, arthAt vastu ke vAcaka hoMge aura zabda mAtra dhvanirUpa hI hoNge| 158 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 16 159 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 17
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA isase dhvanyAtmakatA kA doSa utpanna hogaa| jaise Dhola, tabalA, vINA, sitAra, mRdaMga Adi se utpanna dhvani se eka jaisI saMgIta kI svara - laharI nikalatI hai, vaise hI aneka zabdoM ke uccAraNa se tInoM loka meM eka jaisI hI dhvani hogI / Dhola, tabalA, sitAra, vINA, mRdaMga Adi kI bhinna-bhinna dhvaniyA~ milakara bhI bhinna-bhinna vAcyArtha kA bodha nahIM karA sakatI haiM, sabhI dhvaniyoM kA artha eka jaisA nikalegA / isa prakAra, yadi zabda aura artha meM abheda hai, yA kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai, to yaha mata ucita nahIM hai 1160 punaH AcArya ratnaprabhasUri mImAMsakoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki yadi Apa zabda aura artha meM abheda mAneMge, arthAt zabda ko hI artharUpa mAneMge, yA artha ko hI zabdarUpa mAneMge, to azva kahate hI daur3ane kI anubhUti honA cAhie, nadI kahate hI pAnI bahanA cAhie, modaka kahate hI svAda kI anubhUti honA cAhie / isI prakAra, bhUtakAlIna varddhamAna aura bhaviSyakAlIna padmanAbha- ina donoM ke zabdoccAraNa se hI ina donoM kI upalabdhi ho jAnA cAhie, kintu aisA asaMbhava hai / yadi hamane varddhamAna kA nAmoccAraNa kiyA hai, yA padmanAbha kA nAmoccAraNa kiyA hai, to donoM ke vAcyArtha bhinna-bhinna haiM, aisA bodha nahIM hogA / zabdoM ke vAcyArtha ke bheda ke abhAva meM mAtra bhinna-bhinna nAmoccAraNa bhI asaMgata hogaa| yadi 'sIsama' zabda usake vAcyArtha, arthAt sIsama ke vRkSa ke svaguNoM ke binA bhI raha sakatA ho, to kyA vaha vRkSa - vizeSa kahA jA sakegA ? arthAt nahIM / sIsama - isa zabda kA honA tabhI sArthaka hai, jaba vaha apane artha, arthAt sIsama vRkSa kA bodha karAtA ho / yadi zabda aura artha meM koI bheda nahIM hai, to phira sIsama zabda ke uccAraNa se sIsama - vRkSa kI upalabdhi ho jAnA caahie| 161 I AcArya ratnaprabhasUri tAdAtmya - saMbaMdha ko lekara punaH yaha Apatti karate haiM ki zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya - saMbaMdha pratyakSa - pramANa se bhI siddha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki zabda zrotrendriya kA viSaya hai, jabaki ghaTa, paTa, kalaza, kuMbha Adi pRthvItala ke Upara rahane vAle padArtha cakSuindriya yA sparzanendriya ke viSaya haiM, ataH ye padArtha zrotrendriya ke viSaya nahIM bana sakate haiM / zabdoccAraNa padArtha kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI hai| dRzya padArtha 160 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 17 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 17 161 163
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________________ 164 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA cakSaindriya ke viSaya hote haiM, zrotrendriya ke nhiiN| isa prakAra, ApakA yaha tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha yuktisaMgata nahIM hai|' naiyAyikoM kA tadutpatti-saMbaMdha - naiyAyikoM ke mata meM tadutpatti-saMbaMdha kA abhiprAya zabda se artha kI utpatti hotI hai| unake mata meM binA zabda ke artha kI utpatti nahIM hotii|163 isa para, bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ke mAdhyama se ratnaprabhasari naiyAyikoM se yaha prazna karate haiM- kyA Apake mata meM tadutpatti-saMbaMdha kA abhiprAya, zabda se artha kI utpatti hotI hai- aisA hai, yA artha se zabda kI utpatti hotI hai- aisA hai ? bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara dvArA tadutpatti-saMbaMdha para uThAI gaI zaMkAoM kA prastutikaraNa ratnAkarAvatArikA ke TIkAkAra AcArya ratnaprabhasUri svayaM isI kRti meM karate haiN| ve likhate haiM ki yadi zabda se artha kI utpatti hotI ho, to ghaTa, paTa, kalaza, kuMbha Adi zabdoM ke uccAraNa karane ke sAtha hI ina padArthoM kI utpatti ho jAnA caahie| yadi aisA hotA, to phira ghaTa, paTa, kalaza, kuMbha Adi padArthoM ke kartA ko sabhI sAmagrI ekatrita karake inako banAne kI AvazyakatA hI kyoM hotI ? phira to, ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka isa grantha ke lekhana ke lie lekhaka ko bhI koI prayatna karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM thii| AdivAkya ke uccAraNa mAtra se hI isa grantha-lekhana kA kArya pUrNa ho jAnA cAhie thaa| phira to, isa grantha ke lekhana hetu puruSArtha hI kyoM kiyA jAtA? ataH, artha se zabda kI utpatti mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM haiM, kyoMki yaha to sarvAnubhava se siddha hai ki zabda kI utpatti hoTha, jIbha, dAMta Adi se hotI hai aura padArthoM kI utpatti unake apane-apane kAraNoM se hotI hai| 185 punaH, padArtha se bhI zabda kI utpatti nahIM ho sakatI hai| cUMki padArthoM kI utpatti ke hetu aura zabdoM kI utpatti ke hetu bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH, zabda se artha kI yA artha se zabda kI utpatti mAnane vAlA 162 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 17 163 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 18 164 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 18 165 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 18
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 165 tadutpatti-siddhAnta bhI yuktiyukta nahIM hai| zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcakabhAva mAnanA hI upayukta hai| jainoM kA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha - ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM jaina-darzana ke mAnya zabda aura artha ke vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ko lekara sarvaprathama pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM isa siddhAMta ke saMbaMdha meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara kI ApattiyoM ko prastuta karate haiN| dharmottara kA kathana hai ki zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha bhI ucita nahIM hai| isa saMbaMdha meM dharmottara kI prathama Apatti yaha hai ki yadi zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM, to yaha batAo ki zabda aura artha se unakA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha abhinna hai yA bhinna ?167 pahalA vikalpa yadi zabda aura artha se unakA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha abhinna hai, arthAta svAbhAvika hai- aisA mAneM, to phira zabda aura artha se unakA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha bhI bhinna nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra, yadi zabda aura artha aura unakA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha paraspara abhinna hai, to phira unameM koI saMbaMdha bhI nahIM hogaa| cUMki saMbaMdha to do bhinna vastuoM meM hI hotA hai, abhinna vastuoM meM koI saMbaMdha hotA hI nahIM hai, ataH, isa AdhAra para zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha siddha nahIM hogaa| aba yadi dUsarA vikalpa yaha mAneM ki zabda aura artha se unakA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha bhinna hai, to aisA mAnane para yaha prazna uThatA hai ki ve ekAnta-bhinna haiM yA kathaMcit-bhinna ?169 zabda aura artha se unakA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ekAnta-bhinna haiaisA mAnate haiM, to phira yaha prazna uThatA hai ki vaha vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha nitya hai yA anitya, yA nityAnitya ? aise ina tIna vikalpoM meM se koI eka vikalpa mAnanA hogaa| 166 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 18 167 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 19 168 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 19 169 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 19 170 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 19
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________________ 166 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA pahalA vikalpa zabda aura artha ke madhya rahA huA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ekAnta-nitya hai- aisA mAneM, to zabda aura artha ko bhI nitya mAnanA pdd'egaa| yadi unheM nitya mAneMge, to kisI bhI zabda kA trikAla meM eka hI nizcita artha hogA, jabaki eka artha ke bhI kaI artha hote haiM, sAtha hI zabda aura artha meM nitya-saMbaMdha mAnane para kisI zabda ke artha meM kabhI bhI koI parivartana bhI saMbhava nahIM hogA, jabaki kAlakrama meM zabda ke artha meM parivartana bhI dekhA jAtA hai, jaise- buddha zabda kA artha pahale jJAnI thA, bAda meM vaha apane apabhraMza rUpa meM buddha arthAt ajJAnI ho gyaa| punaH, yadi usa saMbaMdha ko ekAMta-anitya mAneMge, to unakI kSaNikatA kA doSa A jaaegaa| pratyeka zabda kA artha pratisamaya naSTa ho jAegA, arthAt zabda kA artha pratisamaya badalatA jAegA, phalataH na to koI vAcya-artha sthira rahegA aura na koI vAcaka zabda hii|"2 zabda evaM artha se nityAnitya rUpa meM saMbaddha hokara rahane vAle vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ko bhI nitya mAneMge, to use unakA svabhAva mAnanA par3egA, kintu yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, aisA pUrva meM batAyA jA cukA hai| isI prakAra, zabda aura artha se ekAnta-bhinna vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ko nitya nahIM kaha sakate haiN| yadi use anitya kaheM, to samasta zabdoM aura arthoM meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha yA to eka jaisA hI hogA, yA pratyeka zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha bhinna-bhinna hogaa|173 yadi yaha mAneM ki eka hI saMbaMdha aneka zabdoM tathA arthoM (vastuoM) se sambaddha hotA hai, to phira eka hI zabda se samasta padArthoM ke bodha hone kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| zabda aura artha se unakA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ekAkAra hokara rahatA hai, aisA mAneM, to kisI eka zabda kA saMbaMdha sabhI padArthoM ke sAtha mAnanA pdd'egaa| aisI sthiti meM ghaTa zabda se mAtra ghaTa padArtha kA hI bodha nahIM hogA, parantu saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM kA bodha hogaa| yaha bhI anubhava se bAdhita hone ke kAraNa, samasta zabdoM aura arthoM meM eka hI vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha hai- aisA bhI nahIM kaha skte| yadi pratyeka 177 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 19 172 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 19 173 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 19
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA zabda aura artha meM unakA vAcya-vAcaka- saMbaMdha bhinna-bhinna hai- aisA kaheM, to yaha prazna uThatA hai ki vaha zabda aura artha kA vaha saMbaMdha pratyeka vAcya vastu aura vAcaka zabda ke sAtha sambaddha hokara rahatA hai, yA asambaddha hokara ? yadi vaha asambaddha hokara rahatA hai, to phira ghaTa zabda se paTa kI aura paTa zabda se ghaTa kI pratIti honA cAhie, kyoMki ghaTa aura paTa- ina donoM arthoM (padArthoM meM vAcya - vAcakabhAvarUpa saMbaMdha kI asambaddhatA samAna hI hai| yadi sambaddha kahA, to phira ve tAdAtmya rUpa se sambaddha haiM, yA tadutpatti rUpa se ? yaha batAnA hogaa| yadi yaha mAnate haiM ki ve tAdAtmya rUpa se sambaddha haiM to yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hogA, kyoMki jahA~ tAdAtmya hotA hai, vahA~ abheda hotA hai tathA abheda meM koI saMbaMdha ho hI nahIM sakatA hai / isake viparIta, yaha mAneM ki zabda aura artha se unakA vAcya - vAcaka - saMbaMdha bhinna hokara saMbaddha hai, kintu yadi yaha pakSa svIkAra karate haiM, to unameM tAdAtmya - saMbaMdha nahIM hogA, kyoMki tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha meM to zabda aura artha meM aura unake vAcya - vAcaka - saMbaMdha meM abheda hotA hai| 174 punaH, unameM tadutpatti-saMbaMdha bhI nahIM hogA, kyoMki zabda aura artha ke bIca tadutpatti - saMbaMdha mAnane para punaH ina cAra vikalpoM meM se koI eka mAnanA hogA 1. zabda aura artha ke madhya unake vAcya - vAcaka-saMbaMdha kI utpatti unake vAcyaya - artha kI utpatti ke samaya hotI hai ? 167 2. zabda aura artha ke madhya vAcya - vAcaka - sambandha kI utpatti unake vAcaka zabda kI utpatti ke samaya hotI hai ? 3. zabda aura artha ke madhya vAcya - vAcaka - sambandha kI utpatti, zabda evaM artha kI utpatti- ye tInoM hI utpatti eka sAtha eka samaya meM hI hotI haiM? athavA 4. eka kI utpatti hone ke pazcAt dUsare kI utpatti hotI hai, arthAt artha ke bAda zabda kI yA zabda ke bAda artha kI, usake bAda unake sambandha kI utpatti kramapUrvaka hotI hai ?175 174 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 19 175 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 19, 20
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________________ 168 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA isameM prAraMbha ke donoM pakSa to dUSita hI haiM, kyoMki zabda aura artha kA saMbaMdha vAcya-vAcakabhAva ke AdhAra para rahA huA hone ke kAraNa ina donoM sthitiyoM meM se, arthAt zabda athavA artha kisI ke bhI nahIM hone para vAcya aura vAcaka-saMbaMdha kI utpatti bhI saMbhava nahIM ho sakatI hai, arthAt zabda aura artha ke abhAva meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha nahIM ho sakatA hai| yadi tIsarA pakSa yaha mAneM ki zabda aura artha tathA unakA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha eka hI sAtha utpanna hote haiM, to phira zabda aura artha-donoM hI unase bhinna kisI anya kAraNa se utpanna hote haiM- aisA mAnanA hogA ? yA phira vAcya-vAcakabhAva ko, kisI anya kAraNa se utpanna hotA hai-, aisA mAnanA hogaa| pahalA vikalpa mAneM, to zabda-saMketa ko nahIM jAnane vAle nAriyala dvIpa meM rahane vAle puruSa ko zabdoccAraNa hone ke sAtha hI padArtha kA jJAna ho jAnA caahie| cUMki isa pakSa meM vAcya aura vAcakabhAva tathA zabda aura artha unake saMbaMdha kI utpatti ke pUrva kAraNarUpa meM maujUda haiM, isalie jaba zabda sunA jAtA hai, taba saMketa ke binA bhI artha kA jJAna ho jAnA cAhie, kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai, ataH, tIsarA vikalpa ucita nahIM hai| cauthA pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki anukrama se utpanna hone vAle padArtha (artha) aura zabda usa saMbaMdha kI utpatti ke pUrva avAcya aura avAcaka hI raheMge, arthAt jaba artha kI utpatti hogI, taba zabda ke sAtha-sAtha usake vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha kA bhI abhAva hogA, ataH, taba taka vaha artha avAcya rahegA aura jaba zabda kI utpatti hogI, taba artha ke sAtha usake saMbaMdha kA abhAva hogA, vaha avAcaka rhegaa|" yahA~, zabda aura artha meM tadutpatti-sambandha kI samIkSA karate hue pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara dvArA punaH yaha prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki zabda aura artha ke madhya vAcya-vAcakabhAvarUpa saMbaMdha kI utpatti zabda ke vAcya arthAt artha (padArtha) se utpanna hotI hai, yA vAcaka zabda se utpanna hotI hai ? yA vAcya-vAcakabhAvarUpa saMbaMdha (padArtha) artha aura zabdadonoM se utpanna hotA hai ? isake uttara meM ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki zabda aura artha kA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha bhI saMketarUpa vAcya-vAcakabhAva ke - 176 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 20 17 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 20
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 169 utpanna hue binA artha kA pratipAdaka to banatA hI nahIM hai, kyoMki jaba saMketa ho, tabhI zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcakabhAva-saMbaMdha artha kA pratipAdaka banatA hai, jaise - kisI bacce ko saMketa ke mAdhyama se yaha batAyA jAtA hai ki yaha gAya hai, gAya zveta hotI hai, dUdha detI hai, cAra paira vAlI hotI hai, usake do sIMga evaM sAsnA hotI hai aadi| vaha baccA dUsaroM ke dvArA batAe gae ina saMketoM se gAya zabda se gAya vastu ko pahacAnane lagatA hai| vaha zabda ko sunatA hai tathA usI ke sAtha artha ko bhI dekhatA hai aura una zabda aura artha ke sambandha ko samajhane lagatA hai| isa prakAra, saMketa ke mAdhyama se zabda aura artha ke vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ko batAyA jAtA hai yA abhivyakta kiyA jAtA hai, tabhI zabda artha kA pratipAdaka banatA hai|18 isa prakAra, uttara-pakSa ke rUpa meM jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ke prazna kA samAdhAna karate haiM ki zabda aura artha meM saMketa-saMbaMdha se bhinna koI abhivyaMjya (vAcya)-abhivyaMjaka (vAcaka) bhAva nahIM hai, isalie saMketa se vAcya-vAcakabhAva kI abhivyakti mAnane ke sAtha hI saMketa se hI unake vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha kI utpatti bhI mAnanA pdd'egii| isa prakAra, saMketa se vAcya-vAcakabhAva kI abhivyakti mAnane para, vAcya-vAcakabhAva se bhinna saMketa se hI zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha kI utpatti huI- aisA mAnanA hogA aura isa prakAra, mAnane para to tIsare vikalpa kA jo uttara hai, vahI bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ke pUrvapakSa kA uttara bhI ho jaaegaa|" saMketa se vAcya-vAcakabhAva ko mAnane vAle jaina AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara se kahate haiM ki mAtra saMketa se hI vAcya-vAcakabhAvarUpa saMbaMdha utpanna hotA hai- aisA ekAnta mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yahI vAcya-vAcakabhAva zabda aura dharma ke saMbaMdharUpa dharma kA AdhAra hai, isalie vAcya-vAcakasaMbaMdharUpa AdhAra se bhinna aise saMketamAtra se vAcya-vAcakabhAvarUpa saMbaMdha kI utpatti ghaTita nahIM hotI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa prakAra, zabda aura artha se vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha kI 1178 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 20 179 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 20
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________________ 170 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA utpatti mAnane para to tadutpatti-saMbaMdha mAnanA hogA, jabaki aisA bhI nahIM mAna sakate haiN|180 saMketa ke sahakAra se vAcya-vAcakabhAva vAcya-vAcaka saMbaMdha ko utpanna karatA hai- aise artha vAle yadi tIsare vikalpa ko svIkAra karate haiM, to AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara se yaha prazna karate haiM ki yaha saMketa prasiddha vastu meM hotA hai, yA aprasiddha vastu meM ? aprasiddha vastu meM saMketa mAneM, to atiprasaMga-doSa A jAne se saMketa hogA nahIM, arthAt deza aura kAla se vyavahita (bAdhita) aise aprasiddha padArtha meM bhI saMketa kA prasaMga AtA ho- aisA mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| prasiddha vastu meM bhI saMketa ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki Apake mata meM sabhI padArthoM ke kSaNika hone se utpattikAla meM hI pracaMDa vAyu ke calane se jisa prakAra bAdala bikhara jAte haiM, yA naSTa ho jAte haiM, usI prakAra sabhI padArtha naSTa ho jAte haiM, to phira saMketa kisameM kareMge ?102 ___isake pratyuttara meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara kahate haiM ki saMketa se jisa vastu kA jJAna huA hai, vaha cAhe naSTa ho jAe, arthAt vartamAna ke anubhava evaM saMketa kI vastu naSTa ho jAe, kintu usa vastu ke samAna hI usa vastu kI jAtIya evaM santati-paraMparA to vidyamAna rahatI hai| jisa prakAra saMketa ke mAdhyama se hamane kisI vastu kA jJAna prApta kiyA aura kucha samaya pazcAt vaha vastu naSTa ho gaI, kintu usake sadRza anya vastuoM ke hone se usakI jAti to vidyamAna rahatI hai, ataH, kisI zabda ke saMketa kA viSaya jAtirUpa se bhaviSya meM bhI rahegA hii|183 bauddha-dArzanikoM ke isa kathana kI samIkSA karate hue AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha kathana bhI ApakI dArzanika-mAnyatA ke anusAra racita nahIM hai, kAraNa ki kisI vastu ke vidyamAna rahate hue yadi usa vastu ke vAcaka zabda kA jJAna na ho, to usako jAti ke sambandha meM bhI zabda-saMketa kA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| ApakI pUrvokta mAnyatA meM to atiprasaMga-doSa hai| phalataH, deza aura kAla se pare 180 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 20 181 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 21 182 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 22 183 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 22
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________________ 171 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kisI ajJAta vastu meM bhI zabda-saMketa kI saMbhAvanA svIkAra karanA par3egI, kyoMki bauddhadarzana ke anusAra prathama kSaNa meM jisa vastu kI pratIti huI, vaha vastu to usI kSaNa naSTa ho gaI, to phira usa naSTa huI vastu meM saMketa kaise hogA ?184 isI prakAra, yahI bAta gAya Adi ke vAcaka zabdoM ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanA caahie| ve gAya Adi ke vAcaka zabda, cAhe unakA vAcyArtha pratIti kA viSaya ho, yA pratIti kA viSaya na ho, kintu usa vAcaka zabda kA saMketa pratIti kI usa vAcya-vastu meM mAnane para bhI pUrvokta kSaNikatA ke doSarUpa Apatti to AegI hI, kAraNa yaha hai ki bauddhadarzana ke anusAra, vAcya artha ke samAna vAcaka zabda bhI kSaNika haiN| kSaNika zabda evaM kSaNika artha (vastu) meM saMketa saMbhava nahIM hone se saMketa kA hI abhAva hogaa| saMketa ke abhAva meM vAcya-vAcakabhAva kI utpatti kisa prakAra se hogI ?185 __ zabda aura artha- donoM meM jaba taka saMketa-kriyA na ho, taba taka zabda aura artha- donoM bane rahate haiM aura usake pazcAt hI saMketa ke sahakAra se zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcakabhAva utpanna hotA hai- aisA mAna lene para bhI zabda aura artha ke naSTa hone ke sAtha hI vAcya-vAcakabhAva bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai, itanA to mAnanA hI hogaa| isake pratyuttara meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara kahate haiM ki isa prakAra, to vyavahAra kAla meM zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcakabhAvarUpa saMbaMdha kA abhAva hone para bhI use anya artha meM saMketa karane kA kArya to karanA hI hotA hai, itanA to mAnanA hI hogA, kintu isa tarka kI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki isase to samagra vacana-vyavahAra hI asta-vyasta ho jaaegaa| cUMki zabda aura artha- donoM aneka haiM, unameM kaunasA zabda kisa artha kA saMketaka hai, yaha vyavasthA nahIM rahegI, phalataH samagra vacana-vyavahAra hI lopa ho jaaegaa| isI carcA ke krama meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara apane pakSa kI puSTi hetu punaH yaha prazna uThAte haiM ki saMketa to vyakti meM na hokara jAti yA 184 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 22 185 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 22 186 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 22 187 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 22
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________________ 172 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA sAmAnya meM hI hotA hai| sAmAnya hI vAcya-vAcakabhAvarUpa saMbaMdha kA AdhAra arthAta adhikaraNa banatA hai, arthAt sAmAnya meM hI vAcya-vAcakabhAva banatA hai, vizeSa meM nhiiN| sAmAnya nitya hone se kAlAntara meM apanA astitva banAe rakhane meM samartha hai aura vahI sAmAnya vyaktiniSTha hone se samasta vyaktiyoM meM anusaraNa karane meM bhI samartha hai| ghar3A zabda kisI ghar3e kA vAcaka na hokara ghaTa jAti ke samasta padArthoM kA vAcaka hai, ataH, ghaTa zabda sAmAnya yA jAti kA vAcaka huA, kintu ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki isa kakSa meM ghar3A hai, to yahA~ hamArA tAtparya yaha hotA hai ki hama kisI ghaTa-vizeSa ko iMgita kara rahe haiN| yadi zabda sAmAnya hI haiM aura artha vizeSa hI hai- aisA mAneMge, to unameM kisI prakAra se vAcya vAcaka-saMbaMdha nahIM bana paaegaa| isa saMbaMdha meM ratnAkarAvatArikA meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki ghaTa zabda se vAcya-vastu ekAntarUpa se na to sAmAnya hai, na vizeSa / pratyeka vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai aura zabda bhI sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka haiM, ataH, unameM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha svIkAra karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| pratyeka padArtha sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hone se usakA vAcaka zabda bhI sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hotA hai aura isa prakAra, unameM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha siddha ho jAtA hai|188 ___ sAtha hI, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri yaha bhI kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha kathana ki zabda sAmAnya kA hI vAcaka hai, buddhimAna vyaktiyoM ko mAnya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki Apake mata ke anusAra hI saMsAra meM sAmAnya nAma kA to koI padArtha hai hI nahIM aura yadi sAmAnya kI sattA hI nahIM hai, to zabda kisakA vAcaka hogA ?189 punaH, bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara apane pakSa ke samarthana meM kahate haiM ki jAti yA sAmAnya kA jJAna, arthAt pratibhAsa yA anubhava (pratIti) kA viSaya hote hue 'sAmAnya hai hI nahIM'- aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? sAmAnya yA jAti pratIti (pratyakSa) kA viSaya to hai hii|190 isake pratyuttara meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki yadi sAmAnya kA jJAna mAtra pratIti yA pratibhAsa hai, to phira pratibhAsa ke bala para usakA 188 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 23 189 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 23 190 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 23
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA astitva siddha nahIM hogaa| jaina-nyAya ke anusAra, nirvikalpa - darzana pratyakSa - jJAna ke pUrva spaSTa rUpa se hotA hI hai| usake pratibhAsarUpa yaha pratIti bhI asAdhAraNa vizeSa kI hI hotI hai, sAmAnya ke rUpa meM nahIM hotii| 181 yahA~, bauddha - dArzanika dharmottara AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ke samakSa yaha prazna uThAte haiM ki yaha gAya hai, yaha gAya hai- isa prakAra se sAmAnya rUpa se gAya kA jJAna to hotA hI hai, to phira sAmAnya kA jJAna nahIM hotA haiaisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? 192 AcArya ratnaprabhasUri isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate hue kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai, kAraNa ki zAbaleya, bADuleya Adi se bhinna-bhinna go sAmAnya kA aura una guNa-dharmoM kI tIvra, tIvratara Adi sthiti - vizeSa se bhinna- aisA sAmAnya kA jJAna to hotA nahIM hai, arthAt artha ho yA zabda, usase vizeSa kA hI jJAna hotA hai, sAmAnya kA nahIM / ' 193 173 bauddha - dArzanika dharmottara punaH apane mata kI puSTi meM kahate haiM ki zAbaleyAdi jina rUpoM kI pratIti hotI hai, vahI to sAmAnya jJAna hai / ' ,194 isake pratyuttara meM, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha - dArzanika dharmottara se kahate haiM ki Apa aisA nahIM kaha skte| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zAbaleya Adi pratyeka vyakti meM alaga-alaga rUpa se hI dikhAI detA hai, jabaki sAmAnya to sabhI vyaktiyoM meM eka hI jaisA honA cAhie / punaH, yadi sAmAnya ko vAcya - vAcakabhAva kA AdhAra mAneMge, to zabda sunakara pravRtti nahIM hogI, kyoMki sAmAnya kI artha-kriyA to mAtra svayaM kA jJAna karAne taka hI sImita hai aura vaha sAmAnya jJAna to zabda ke sunate hI ho gayA, to phira sAmAnya jJAna kI artha meM pravRtti kaise hogI ?185 191 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 23 192 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 23 193 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 23 194 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 23 195 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 23
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________________ 174 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA isake pratyuttara meM, bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara yaha prazna uThAte haiM ki phira to vAcya-vAcakabhAvarUpa saMbaMdha sAmAnya aura vizeSa- donoM meM rahate haiM, aisA mAneM to ThIka rahegA kyA ?196 yahA~, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki aisA mAneMge, to pratyeka meM jo doSa hogA, vaha donoM meM kaise nahIM hogA ? arthAt hogA hii| vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ko mAtra sAmAnya yA mAtra vizeSa mAnane meM jo doSa hoMge, vahI doSa use sAmAnya aura vizeSa- donoM mAnane meM bhI hoNge| isa prakAra, se to sAmAnya aura vizeSa- donoM dUSita ho jaaeNge| zabdArtha-saMbaMdha kA vicAra karate hue bauddhoM kI yaha avadhAraNA hai ki 'zabda vikalpa se utpanna hote haiM aura vikalpa zabdoM se utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra, zabda aura vikalpa meM paraspara kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai, parantu zabda artha kA sparza nahIM karate haiM, kyoMki artha bAhya-vastu hai aura zabda kA unake sAtha kisI prakAra kA koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| AcArya ratnaprabha isakI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki zabda aura artha meM kAryakAraNa-bhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki yadi ve eka-dUsare kA sparza hI nahIM karate haiM, to phira unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kaise ghaTita hogaa| jahA~ taka zabda ko vikalpajanya aura vikalpa ko zabdajanya mAnA jAegA, to vahA~ zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcakabhAva bhI ghaTita nahIM hogA, kyoMki vikalpa to kucha bhI banAe jA sakate haiM, kintu zabda aura artha ke saMbaMdha meM eka vyavasthA hai| yadi zabdoM ko vikalpajanya aura vikalpoM ko zabdajanya mAneMge, to unameM aniyatatA hogii| vikalpa svaira (svayaM) kalpita hote haiM, ataH, eka nizcita artha ke vAcaka nahIM ho sakate haiM, isalie zabda aura artha ke saMbaMdha meM saMketa dvArA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha mAnanA hI ucita hai aura isI ke AdhAra para hI grantha-racanA ke prayojana kI sArthakatA bhI siddha ho jAtI hai|198 upasaMhAra - isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabhasUri ne eka ora bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ko mAdhyama banAkara mImAMsakoM ke zabda aura artha ke tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha kI tathA naiyAyikoM ke tadutpatti-saMbaMdha kI 196 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 24 197 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 24 198 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 24, 25
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 175 samIkSA kI, vahIM dUsarI ora, bauddhoM kI yathArtha stara para unameM koI bhI saMbaMdha nahIM hone kI mAnyatA kI dharmottara ko pUrva-pakSa banAkara samIkSA kI hai| ve dharmottara kI isa mAnyatA kA bhI khaNDana karate haiM ki zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha nahIM hai| anta meM, isI carcA ke AdhAra para jainoM ko mAnya vAcya-vAcaka-sambandha kI puSTi karate haiM aura isa saMbaMdha meM dharmottara kI sabhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna karate haiN| zabda aura artha ke madhya tAdAtmya-sambandha aura tadutpatti-sambandha kI samIkSA meM jahA~ ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ke mAdhyama se ina donoM matoM kI samIkSA kara dete haiM, vahIM vAcya-vAcaka-sambandha kI samIkSA meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ko pUrvapakSa banAkara tathA svayaM uttarapakSa banakara vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha kI siddhi kara dete haiM, kyoMki kisI bhI grantha kI racanA kA prayojana zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-sambandha mAne binA siddha nahIM hotA hai|
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________________ 176 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya - 6 bauddhoM ke apohavAda kI samIkSA apohavAda : bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - ratnaprabha ne ratnAkarAvatArikA ke catartha-pariccheda meM zabdArtha-saMbaMdha ko lekara naiyAyikoM, bauddhoM aura jainoM meM jo matabheda haiM, use spaSTa kiyA hai| naiyAyikoM ke zabdArtha-saMbaMdha kI samIkSA karane ke pazcAt AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke apohavAda kI samIkSA karate haiN| bauddhadarzana ke anusAra zabdarUpa meM abhivyakta vidheyabhAva anuvAdya kahalAtA hai| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki bauddha aura jaina- ina donoM ke lie svara-vyaMjana se yukta bhAvoM kI abhivyakti karane vAlA jo pracalita zabda hotA hai, vaha anuvAdya kahalAtA hai| apanI svAbhAvika-zakti aura saMketa dvArA vaha zabda artha (padArtha) kA bodhaka hotA hai aura vahI artha vidheya kahalAtA hai| bauddhadarzana ke anusAra, zabda kA kArya sirpha itanA hI hai ki vaha anya kA niSedha kara detA hai| zabda kA artha se koI saMbaMdha hI nahIM hai, vaha mAtra kisI artha kA saMketaka hotA hai| bauddhoM kA yaha kahanA hai ki zabda, artha kA vAcaka nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda alaga haiM aura artha alaga, jabaki ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabha kA kahanA hai ki zabda aura artha meM kisI prakAra kA saMbaMdha nahIM mAneMge, to phira zabda se artha kA bodha hI nahIM hogaa| isake uttara meM bauddha ne apohavAda kA siddhAMta prastuta kiyaa| unakA kahanA hai ki zabda vastu ko vAcya nahIM karatA hai, apitu vaha vastu meM anya dharma kA niSedha karatA hai, jaise ghaTa zabda ghaTa nAmaka vastu kA vAcaka nahIM hai, lekina kisI vastu meM ghaTa se bhinna anya kA niSedha karatA hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, jaina-bhASA-darzana meM likhate haiM- 'apoha kA tAtparya atad-vyAvRtti yA anya-vyAvRtti hai| zabda ke vAcyArtha ko anya zabdoM ke vAcyArtha se pRthaka karanA, arthAt anyApoha hI apoha hai| apane vAcyArtha kA anya vAcyArthoM se pRthakkIkaraNa hI zabda kI apohAtmakatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie, 'gAya' zabda yaha batAtA hai ki usakA vAcyArtha mahiSa, azva, puruSa Adi nahIM hai| isa prakAra, zabda
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 177 kA kArya apane vAcyArtha se bhinna anya arthoM kA niSedha karanA haiN|198 yahI bauddhoM kA apohavAda hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM ke isa apohavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| jo vastu prasiddha ho, vAdI aura prativAdI- donoM ko mAnya ho, aisI jo vastu kA kathana karAtA ho, vaha anuvAdya kahalAtA hai| uccArita svara-vyaMjana se yukta jo zabda hai, vaha prasiddha hai| yaha bauddha aura jaina-donoM ko mAnya hai, isalie 'zabda' rUpa jo kathana hai, vaha anuvAdya hai| jo vastu prasiddha nahIM hai aura prativAdI ko mAnya bhI nahIM hai, paraMtu vAdI dvArA prativAdI ko samajhAne ke lie jisakA kathana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha vidheya kahalAtI hai|. 'zabda hai' yaha bAta jaina aura bauddha-donoM ko mAnya hai| zabda svAbhAvika-sAmarthya aura sAMketika-zakti ke dvArA padArtha kA bodhaka hotA hai, yaha bAta jainoM ko mAnya hai, parantu bauddhoM ko yaha mAnya nahIM hai, isalie jaina bauddhoM ko zabda kI svAbhAvika-sAmarthya aura saMketaka-zakti ke viSaya ko samajhAte haiM, yaha vidheya kahalAtA hai, arthAt sAmarthya aura saMketaka-zakti ke dvArA zabda artha kA vAcaka hai- aisA jo samajhAyA jAtA hai, vaha vidheya kahalAtA hai|1 zabda ko lekara jaina-dArzanika aura bauddha-dArzanikoM meM matabheda haiN| jaina-dArzanika AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kA ratnAkarAvatArikA meM kahanA hai ki zabdoM meM vAcyatA-sAmarthya svayaM se hai, arthAt svAbhAvika hai,202 kyoMki zabda meM svAbhAvika rUpa se apanA vAcyArtha rahA huA hai, jaise - "pattA' shbd| patte ko 'pattA' nAma to kisI kA diyA huA nahIM hai, apitu usake girate samaya pat kI jo AvAja hotI hai, usI ke AdhAra para use pattA kahA jAtA hai, yaha patte kI svAbhAvika-zakti hai| isako sAMketika nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bauddha - bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki zabda kA artha se koI saMbaMdha hI nahIM hai| vaha kisI kA saMketaka hotA hai, arthAta saMketa dvArA zabda artha ko batAtA hai| zabda meM artha ko batAne kI sAMketika-zakti hai, artha kI 199 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 52 200 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 610 201 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUAre. pR. 610 202 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 610
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________________ 178 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA saMketaka svAbhAvika-zakti nahIM hai| jaise- kisI kA nAma jyotsnA hai, to yaha nAma kisI ke dvArA diyA gayA hone se yaha sAMketika-zabda hai, kintu 'candra-jyotsnA' yaha svAbhAvika-zabda hai, arthAt isa zabda meM artha ko batAne kI svAbhAvika-zakti hai, kintu bauddha kahate haiM ki zabda sarvatra saMketaka hI hotA hai| jaina - jaina-dArzanika bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki zabda meM svAbhAvika-zakti bhI svIkAra karanA hogI aura sAMketika-zakti bhI svIkAra karanA hogii| yadi Apa zabda meM svAbhAvika zakti nahIM mAneMge, to koI bhI zabda kA artha kucha bhI ho sakatA hai| yadi Apa (bauddha) sirpha sAMketika-zakti hI mAneMge to phira artha-bodha se puruSa svataMtra hogA, vaha kisI bhI zabda ko kisI bhI artha kA vAcaka mAna sakatA hai| yadi Apa donoM ko hI nahIM mAneMge, to zabda meM artha kI vAcyatA-sAmarthya kA hI abhAva ho jaaegaa| abhAva meM to arthabodha utpanna karane kI zakti hI nahIM hai, phira zabda vAcaka kaise banegA? ratnaprabhasUri ke isa kathana para bauddha-dArzanika AcArya ratnaprabhasUri se kahate haiM- Apa zabdoM meM vAcyatA-sAmarthya svAbhAvika rUpa se bhI mAnate haiM tathA sAMketika rUpa se bhI ? arthAta yaha mAnate haiM ki svAbhAvika zakti aura saMketa dvArA zabda padArtha kA bodhaka hotA hai, to hamArA prazna yaha hai ki zabdoM meM jo vAcyatA-sAmarthya hai, vaha 1. sAmAnya rUpa se hai ? yA 2. vizeSa rUpa se hai ? yA 3. sAmAnya-vizeSa- aise ubhayAtmaka rUpa se hai ?203 - bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki zabdoM meM vAcyatA-sAmarthya sAmAnya rUpa se to nahIM mAna sakate, kyoMki zAstroM meM ullekha hai ki 'sAmAnyaM ekaM niravayavaM niSkriyaM', arthAt sAmAnya eka, niravayava aura niSkriya hotA hai| sAmAnya artha kriyAkArI rUpa vAlA na hone se AkAza-puSpa ke samAna tathA vandhyA-putra ke samAna usI prakAra asat hai, jisa prakAra paTatva Adi jAti (sAmAnya) vAcaka zabda niSkriya hone ke kAraNa unameM arthakriyA karane kI sAmarthya nahIM hotI hai, arthAt asat (mAtra kalpanAjanya) hone ke kAraNa unameM arthakriyAkArI zakti nahIM hotI hai| yadyapi zabda kA vAcyArtha sAmAnya ho sakatA hai, kintu sAmAnya kI koI vAstavika sattA hI nahIM hai, 200 203 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 610 204 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 610
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 179 jabaki jaina-dArzanikoM kA mAnanA hai ki sAmAnya ke vAcaka zabdoM meM apane vAcyArtha ke bodha kI svAbhAvika-zakti hotI hai tathA vizeSa ke vAcaka zabdoM meM saMketaka-zakti hotI hai| zabda mAtra vyaktivAcaka nahIM haiM, apitu jAtivAcaka bhI haiN| jAtivAcaka zabda sAmAnya hotA hai, jo usa jAti ke sabhI ghaTakoM para lAgU hotA hai, jaise- manuSya zabda vizeSa kA saMketaka kaise hogA ? kyoMki manuSya zabda kisI vyakti vizeSa kA vAcaka to nahIM hai| yahA~ bauddha yaha kahate haiM ki zabda se vastu yA artha kA bodha hotA hai, ataH, vaha sAmAnya kA vAcaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| . punaH, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki yadi Apa zabda ko vizeSa kA vAcaka mAnate haiM, to yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai| svalakSaNa se yukta vizeSa to vikalpa-jJAna kA viSaya banatA hI nahIM hai, isalie vizeSa bhI saMketa kA AdhAra nahIM bana sakatA, kyoMki pratyeka zabda pratyeka padArtha ke sambandha meM kisI vikalpa (sAmAnya) ko hI utpanna karatA hai| koI bhI zabda vizeSa padArtha kA vAcaka nahIM hotA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa, hamane kahA ki 'ghaTamAnaya', to isase zrotA ke mana meM ghaTa ke AkAra kA vikalpa-jJAna hI utpanna hotA hai| ghaTa zabda ke vAcyArtha kA bodha karane ke lie zrotA yaha bhI nahIM, yaha bhI nahIM- isa prakAra, anya padArthoM kA niSedha karatA huA anta meM 'yaha ghaTa hai'- isa prakAra, ke anumAna se vizeSa dharmAtmaka ghaTarUpI padArtha kA bodha karAtA hai| isa prakAra, vAcaka zabda se to mAtra vikalpa hI utpanna hotA hai, kintu kisI bhI vizeSa vAcyArtha kA bodha nahIM hotA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM ratnAkarAvatArikA ke caturtha pariccheda ke gyArahaveM sUtra kI TIkA meM kahA gayA hai - vikalpayonayaH zabdAH, vikalpAH shbdyonyH| kArya-kAraNatA teSAM, nArtha zabdAH spRshntypi|| arthAt, vaktA kI apekSA se vikalpa se zabda utpanna hote haiM aura zrotA kI apekSA se zabda se vikalpa utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra, vikalpa aura zabda meM paraspara kArya-kAraNa-bhAva rahA huA hai| zabda padArtha kA sparza bhI nahIM karate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba zabda aura padArtha meM paraspara koI saMbaMdha hI nahIM hai, to zabda meM padArtha ko batAne kI sAMketika-zakti hai 205 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 611
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA aisA mAnanA, athavA zabda padArtha kA saMketaka hai, yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai | 206 180 punaH, bauddha kahate haiM ki yadi Apa zabda kI vAcyatA - sAmarthya ko vizeSAtmaka mAnate haiM, to mAna lo ki hamane kisI vizeSa padArtha kI ora aisA saMketa kiyA ki yaha ghaTa hai, yaha paTa hai, kintu una ghaTa-paTa Adi zabda se vAcya - 1 - vizeSa padArtha vyavahArakAla kA anusaraNa karane vAlA nahIM hone se ghaTa-paTa kI ora kiyA huA hamArA saMketa bhI nirarthaka hI to hogA ? kyoMki ghaTa-paTa Adi zabdoM se jaba taka ghaTa-paTa kA bodha hogA, taba taka ghaTa yA paTa-rUpa vizeSa vastu kA vidhvaMsa ho jAegA, arthAt ye vizeSa ghaTa-paTa, jinheM vAcya banAyA thA, naSTa ho jAe~ge, to ApakA vizeSa kahA~ rahA? mAna lo hamane 'varddhamAna svAmI - isa zabda se kisI vyakti-vizeSa kI ora saMketa kiyA, kintu vaha varddhamAna svAmI Aja nahIM hai, to vaha vizeSa kI ora kiyA huA saMketa nirarthaka hI mAnA jaaegaa| jJAtavya hai ki bauddha sAmAnya ko svIkAra hI nahIM karate haiM, vizeSa ko mAnakara bhI use kSaNika mAnate haiM, ataH, unake matAnusAra, zabda na to sAmAnya (jAti) kA saMketaka hai aura na vizeSa (vyakti) kA saMketaka hai / 207 tIsare pakSa kA khaNDana karate hue bauddha kahate haiM ki ApakA tIsarA pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi Apa vAcaka zabda ko sAmAnya aura vizeSa - aisA ubhayAtmaka mAnate haiM, to kyA Apa eka-dUsare se svataMtra, aise paraspara atyanta bhinna, aise sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko zabda kA viSaya mAnate haiM? yA paraspara abhinna tAdAtmya ko prApta sAmAnya- vizeSa ko zabda kA viSaya mAnate haiM ?208 pahalA pakSa, vAcaka zabda ko nirapekSa rUpa se sAmAnya bhI nahIM mAna sakate, kyoMki sAmAnya to niSkriya hone se AkAza - puSpa kI bhAMti asat hai| dUsare, zabda ko nirapekSa rUpa se vizeSa bhI nahIM mAna sakate, kyoMki zabda nirapekSa-vizeSa ko darzAtA ho, aisA bhI nahIM hai| cUMki zabda vikalpa ko hI utpanna karate haiM, vizeSa ko to zabda sparza bhI nahIM karate haiM, ataH, 206 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 611 207 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 611, 612 208 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 612
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 181 zabda nirapekSa rUpa se na to sAmAnya kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai, na nirapekSa rUpa se vizeSa kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai| tIsare, bauddha yaha kahate haiM ki zabda aura artha ke madhya tAdAtya-saMbaMdha bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki sAmAnya aura vizeSa- ye donoM paraspara viruddha-dharma se yukta hone ke kAraNa zItalatA aura USNatA ke samAna donoM meM tAdAtya-saMbaMdha bhI nahIM hai| sAmAnya to dhruva hai aura vizeSa kSaNika hai| sAmAnya to jAtivAcaka hai aura vizeSa mAtra vyaktivAcaka hai| ata:, zabda sAmAnyAtmaka, yA vizeSAtmaka, yA ubhayAtmaka- ina tInoM meM se kisI bhI padArtha ko vAcya nahIM karatA hai, isalie zabda aura ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM ke madhya meM vAcya-vAcakabhAva nahIM hai,210 apitu zabda aura apoha ke madhya mAtra kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai| ghaTa zabda ke uccArita hote hI zrotA ke mana meM ghaTa kA AkAra pratibimbita karane vAle vikalpa kArya haiM aura zabda usa vikalpa kA kAraNa hai| zabda ke nimitta se vikalpAtmaka kArya ke utpanna hone se zabda aura vikalpa meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai|11 bauddhoM kA apohavAda (pUrvapakSa) bauddhadarzana ke anusAra 'apoha' kyA hai ? isako ratnAkarAvatArikA meM samajhAyA gayA hai| vaktA dvArA uccarita zabda ke pariNAmasvarUpa zrotA ke mana meM utpanna hone vAle vikalpa ko hI 'apoha kahate haiN| vaha apoha cAra vizeSaNoM se yukta hotA hai- 1. sarvathA bhinna-bhinna svarUpa vAle paramANuoM se nirmita jaladhAraNa karane kI kriyA (kArya) ko karane vAlA, arthAt arthakriyAkArI 'ghaTa' zabda eka vicAra (vikalpa) rUpa AkAra-vizeSa kA sUcaka hai, yahI apoha hai| 2. dUsare, apoha mAtra vikalpa-vizeSa ke kAraNa utpanna hone vAlA AkAra-vizeSa hotA hai, kintu yaha 'apoha na to padArtha se utpanna hotA hai aura na padArtha ke sAtha jur3atA hai| 3. tIsare, bAhara bhUmi ke Upara rahe hue ghaTa Adi vibhinna prakAra ke AkAroM kA vikalpa (apoha) to AbhyaMtara hotA hai, arthAt vikalpa mAnasika-saMkalpanA hai, yA buddhi-kalpita mAtra vicAra hai| manogata isa vikalpa kA bAhya-padArtha ke AkAra ke sAtha milAna karanA apoha hai| 4. cauthe, hamArI buddhi meM jo 209 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 612 210 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 612 211 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 612. 613
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________________ 182 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA AkAra pratibimbita huA hai, vahI apoha hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki mana meM utpanna vikalpa ko apoha kahate haiN| vivakSita ghaTa, paTa Adi ke "sva AkAra se bhinna anya saba AkAroM kA niSedha karate hue, anta meM ghaTa-AkArarUpa yA paTa-AkArarUpa eka vikalpa para sthira ho jAne ko apoha kahate haiN|212 isa prakAra, bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara kahate haiM ki zabda aura padArtha meM koI vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha hI nahIM hai| na to zabda vAcaka haiM, na padArtha hI vAcya hai| zabda to padArtha ko sparza bhI nahIM karate haiN| phalataH, buddhi meM jo pratibimbita svarUpa (vikalpa) hai, vahI apoha hai| yaha vikalpa hI zabda kA artha (tAtparya) hotA hai| zabda aura apoha meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai| zabda kAraNa haiM aura apoha kArya hai| isI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ko hI vAcya-vAcaka-sambandha mAna lenA caahie| AcArya ratnaprabhasari bauddhoM ke isa apohavAda kA khaNDana karate hae kahate haiM ki pratyeka padArtha dravya aura paryAya- donoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa eka hI samaya meM usameM eka sAtha sAmAnya aura vizeSa- donoM rahate haiM, jisameM kisI bhI prakAra kA virodha nahIM hai, arthAt viruddha-dharmAdhyAsa nahIM hai| zabda aura padArtha meM vAcya-vAcaka rahA huA hai| jaina-dArzanika bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki Apake dvArA uThAe gae tIna prazna isa prakAra, haiM- 1. zabda ekAnta-sAmAnya kA vAcaka hai ? yA 2. ekAnta-vizeSa kA vAcaka hai ? yA 3. ubhayAtmaka hai ? ina tIna praznoM meM prathama donoM pakSa, arthAt zabda ekAntataH sAmAnya kA vAcaka hai, yA zabda ekAntataH vizeSa kA vAcaka haiekAntika hone se ucita nahIM haiN| 14 DaoN. sAgaramala jaina jaina-bhASA-darzana meM likhate haiM- 'bauddhoM ke apohavAda ke sandarbha meM jainoM kA prathama AkSepa yaha hai ki zabda kA viSaya kevala vikalpita sAmAnya nahIM hai, apitu yathArtha sAmAnya hai| yaha satya hai ki vyaktiyoM se pRthak kisI sAmAnya kI sattA nahIM hai, sAmAnya vyaktiniSTha hai, kintu phira bhI vaha yathArtha hai, kAlpanika nahIM hai| jainoM ke anusAra, vastu ananta-dharmAtmaka hai| pratyeka vastu ke kucha dharma anya vastuoM 212 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 613 213 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 613 214 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 614
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 183 ke sadRza hote haiM aura kucha visdRsh| ina sadRza dharmoM ko hI jainoM ne sAmAnya mAnA hai| ve yaha mAnate haiM ki sAmAnya anekAnugata na hokara vizeSa yA vyakti meM anugata hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, sAmAnya nAma kA koI eka tattva nahIM hai, jo ki sabhI vyaktiyoM meM anusyUta hai, apitu vyaktiyoM ke alaga-alaga sadRza guNa-dharma hI sAmAnya haiM, jo ki pratyeka vyakti meM upasthita rahakara use eka varga yA jAti kA sadasya banAte haiN| sAdRzyatA hai aura vyakti ke dharma ke rUpa meM vaha yathArtha hai| jisa taraha pratyakSa Adi pramANa kA viSaya jAtyAnvita vyakti yA sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka vastu hotI hai, usI taraha zabda kA viSaya bhI sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka yathArtha vastu hI hai, vikalpita vastu nhiiN| mImAMsakoM ke anusAra, yadi zabda se kevala sAmAnya meM aura bauddhoM ke anusAra vikalpita sAmAnya meM hI saMketa grahaNa mAnA jAe, to zabda ko sunakara vizeSa vyaktiyoM meM pravRtti nahIM ho skegii| 'gAya' zabda sunakara hama 'gAya' vizeSa ko hI khojate haiM, kisI sAmAnya arthAt gotva ko nahIM khojate, ataH, zabda jAtyAnvita yathArtha vastu kA saMketaka hai, vikalpita sAmAnya kA nhiiN|"215 bauddhoM dvArA jainoM para yaha AkSepa lagAyA gayA ki Apa anekAnta ke pakSadhara haiM, to yaha anekAnta-siddhAMta bhI to eka ekAnta hI hai| __ isa para, jainoM ne samAdhAna kiyA ki anekAnta bhI anekAntarUpa hI hai| vaha pramANa kI apekSA se anekAnta hai tathA naya kI apekSA se ekAnta hai| isameM kathaMcit bhI viruddha-dharmAdhyAsa nahIM hai, ataH, zabda sAmAnya kA bhI vAcaka hai aura vizeSa kA bhI, isalie zabda-pramANa anekAntika haiM; kintu bauddha sAmAnya aura vizeSa- aise ubhayAtmakatA meM viruddha-dharmAdhyAsa mAnate haiN| jaina kahate haiM ki yaha anubhava se siddha hai ki jagat kI pratyeka vastu kA svarUpa ubhayAtmaka hai; kintu usameM jo viruddha-dharma haiM, ve bhinna-bhinna apekSA se haiM, ataH, usameM viruddha-dharmAdhyAsa nahIM hai, arthAta unameM paraspara koI virodha nahIM hai| viruddha-dharmAdhyAsa to tabhI hotA, jaba ve viruddha-dharma eka hI apekSA se hote| jagat kI pratyeka vastu kathaMcit-bheda aura kathaMcit-abheda kI apekSA se sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai| isI prakAra, zabda bhI sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hote haiN| cUMki pratyeka sAmAnya meM vizeSa tathA pratyeka vizeSa meM sAmAnya nihita hai, ataH, zabda sAmAnya kA bhI vAcaka hai tathA vizeSa kA bhii| 215 dekheM - jaina bhASA darzana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pRSTha 53
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________________ 184 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA punaH, bauddha-dArzanika sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM paraspara virodha batAte hue kahate haiM ki sAmAnya kI koI sattA hI nahIM hai, arthAt zabda sAmAnya kA vAcaka nahIM ho sktaa| zabda meM vAcyatA kI sAmarthya hote hue bhI vaha vastutaH anya kA apoha hI karatA hai, kyoMki sAmAnya hamArI mana kI kalpanA (Idea) hai aura jo vizeSa hai, vaha kSaNika hai| vaha eka hI kSaNa meM to naSTa ho jAtA hai, taba vaha kisako saMketa karegA, arthAt kisako vAcya banAegA? vastutaH, kisI ko bhI nhiiN| vaha apanI vAcaka-zakti se kevala anya kA apoha kara detA hai, arthAt anya kA niSedha kara detA hai, jaise ki hamane kahA- gAya kAlI bhI hotI hai, zveta bhI hotI hai, zabala (cittakabarI) bhI hotI hai, usake sIMga bhI bhinna-bhinna AkAra ke hote haiM, sAsnA bhI vividha rUpoM meM hotI hai| aisI sthiti meM Apa gAya zabda se kisa gAya kI ora saMketa kareMge? pratyeka gAya to eka-dUsare se bhinna hai| Apa gAya zabda se kisa gAya ko vAcaka banAe~ge ? gAya zabda bolane se mAtra hamAre mastiSka meM usakA jo eka AkAra banatA hai, vaha anya kA apoha kara detA hai| cUMki AkAra na to sAmAnya hai, na hI vizeSa, ataH, sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM paraspara viruddha-dharmAdhyAsa rahA huA hai, isalie zabda na to sAmAnya kA vAcaka ho sakatA hai, na hI vizeSa kaa| zabda to mAtra vikalpoM ko hI paidA karate haiN| vikalpa arthAt mana meM kisI kalpanA kA utpanna honaa| ataH, zabda kA artha anya kA niSedha karanA hai| jaina - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasari bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki ApakA jo yaha kathana hai ki 'zabda vikalpajanya haiM aura vikalpa zabdajanya haiM, isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki mana meM utpanna vikalpa jina ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM ko viSaya karate haiM, ve ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha hI to zabda ke vAcya-viSaya banate haiN| yaha bAta spaSTa hote hue bhI apoha (vikalpa) hI zabda ke artha haiM- aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? vikalpa se jaise unake viSaya ko jAnA jA sakatA hai, vaise hI zabda se bhI viSaya ko jAnA jA sakatA hai, isalie ghaTa-paTa Adi arthoM (vastuoM) ko zabda kA vAcya-viSaya nahIM mAnanA cAhie, apitu apoha (vikalpa) ko zabda kA vAcya-viSaya mAnanA caahie| Apa to zabda kI koI svatantra sattA hI nahIM mAnate haiM, sAtha hI zabda ko vikalpajanya mAnate haiM, arthAt yaha mAnate haiM ki zabda vikalpoM (vicAroM) se utpanna hote haiM, kintu ApakA yaha siddhAnta bilakula ucita nahIM hai,
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kyoMki vikalpa ko bhI utpanna karane kI zakti to zabda meM hI rahI huI hai | 216 dUsarA, yadi yaha mAnA jAe ki zabda ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM ko apanA vAcya viSaya banAtA hI nahIM hai, mAtra anya kA apoha arthAt niSedha karatA hai, to zabda ko artha kA niSedha karake bhI anta meM kisI eka vikalpa para to sthira honA hI par3atA hai, arthAt anya ke niSedha meM bhI eka vidhi - pakSa rahA huA hai, isalie anumAna ke samAna hI zabda ko bhI pramANa kyoM na mAnA jAe ? jaba anumAna bhI apoha (vikalpa) ko darzAtA huA pramANa kahalA sakatA hai, to usI prakAra zabda bhI apoha ko darzAtA huA pramANa kyoM nahIM kahalA sakatA ? arthAt zabda ko bhI pramANa mAnanA caahie| jaina bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki pratyakSa aura anumAna- ye do pramANa to Apa svIkAra karate hI haiM ( mAnate hI hai), to tIsarA Agama - pramANa bhI Apako svIkAra karanA caahie| zabda ghaTa-paTa Adi ko apanA vAcya viSaya to banAtA hI hai, kintu Apake matAnusAra zabda vikalpa ko batAne vAlA bhI mAna liyA jAe, to bhI Apako anumAna ke samAna tIsarA Agama- pramANa bhI svIkAra kara lenA cAhie |217 bauddha bauddha - dArzanika jainAcAryoM se prazna karate haiM ki anumAna - pramANa ko zabda ke samAna apoha ko viSaya karane vAlA mAnane para bhI paraMparA se padArtha ke sAtha pratibaMdha vAlA hone se anumAna ko to pramANa hI mAnA jAtA hai, kintu zabda ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, jaise ki 'parvato vahnimAn dhUmAt, arthAt parvata para dhUma hone se parvata agnivAlA haiaisA bolate hI zrotA ke mana meM sAdhya (agni) ke prati apoha (vikalpa) hI utpanna hotA hai, arthAt yaha bhI nahIM, yaha bhI nahIM - isa prakAra, anya kA niSedha karate hue anta meM pakSa meM (parvata para ) jAkara dekhane para vahni (agni) hI dikhAI detI hai, ataH, anumAna cAhe vikalpa ko hI utpanna karatA hai, kintu vaha vikalpa padArtha ke sAtha pratibaddha svabhAva vAlA hone se anumAna - pramANa siddha hotA hai / 218 - 216 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 615 217 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 615 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 615 218 185
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________________ 186 __ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jaina - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki jaba Apa zabda ke samAna anumAna-pramANa ko bhI apoha dvArA padArtha ko viSaya karane vAlA mAnate haiM, to Apako zabda ko bhI pramANa mAna lenA caahie| cUMki vaktA ke mukha se zabda ke uccAraNa hote hI zrotA ke mana meM sarvaprathama vikalpa (apoha) hI utpanna hotA hai aura vaha apoha (vikalpa) hI bhUmi para rahe hue ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha ko batAne vAlA hotA hai, ataH, padArtha ke sAtha pratibaddha hone se, arthAt zabda (vAcaka) kA padArtha (vAcya) ke sAtha saMbaMdha hone se zabda ko bhI pramANa mAna lenA caahie| bauddha - isa para bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki zabda apoha (vikalpa) ko hI utpanna karatA hai; kintu zabda jina padArthoM ko viSaya banAtA hai, ve viSayIbhUta padArtha saMsAra meM hoM, yaha koI Avazyaka nahIM hai, ataH, zabda ko pramANa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? jisa prakAra 1. atIta ke viSaya, 2. anAgata ke viSaya tathA 3. AkAza-puSpa- ye tInoM asat haiN| jaise- 1. RSabhadeva bhagavAn atIta meM hue the, vartamAna meM nahIM haiM, 2. padmaprabha bhagavAn bhaviSya meM hoMge, vartamAna meM nahIM haiM aura 3. AkAza-puSpa kI sattA tInoM kAla meM saMsAra meM hai hI nhiiN| RSabhadeva bhagavAn atIta meM hue theisakA uccAraNa bhI zabda dvArA hI hotA hai, padmaprabha bhaviSya meM hoMgeisakA uccAraNa bhI zabda dvArA hI hotA hai| AkAza puSpa- isa kalpita asat padArtha kA uccAraNa bhI zabda dvArA hI hotA hai, isa prakAra, RSabhadeva bhagavAn jo bhUta meM hue the, padmaprabha, jo bhaviSya meM hoMge tathA AkAza-puSpa, jo tInoM kAloM meM nahIM hai- ina saba vartamAna meM anastitvavAn padArthoM kA prayoga zabdoM ke dvArA hone mAtra se zabda kA artha ke sAtha saMbaMdha ho jAtA hai, yaha koI Avazyaka niyama nahIM hai| yadyapi zabda to mAtra padArtha ke vAcaka hI hote haiM, cAhe ve padArtha saMsAra meM na bhI hoM, arthAt asat hI ho| niSkarSa yaha hai ki asata- padArtha ko viSayIbhUta karane vAle zabda kA artha ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha hI nahIM haiM, isalie zabda ko pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|20 jaina - isa para jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanikoM se kahate haiM ki yadi Apa zabda kA artha ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha nahIM hone ke kAraNa zabda ko pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM, to phira anumAna kA padArtha ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha 219 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 615 220 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 615. 616
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 187 nahIM hote hae bhI anamAna ko pramANa kyoM mAnate haiM ? saMsAra meM anumAna ke AdhAra para kathana bhI to kiyA jAtA hai, jaise- 1. hama parvata se nikalakara bahatI haI nadI meM Ae hue pUra arthAt jala kI adhikatA ko dekhakara yaha anumAna karate haiM ki parvata para kucha samaya pUrva varSA huI hai, yaha anumAna hI hai| 2. bharaNI-nakSatra kA udaya kucha samaya ke pazcAt hogA, kyoMki abhI revatI nakSatra kA udaya huA hai, to bhaviSya meM hone vAle bharaNI nakSatra ke udaya kA kathana bhI to anumAna se hI huA ? 3. gadhe ke sIMga nahIM hote haiM, isa kathana kI siddhi pratyakSa Adi kisI bhI pramANa se nahIM hotI hai, ataH, gadhe ke sIMga nahIM hote haiM, to yaha asat-vastu kA kathana bhI anumAna se hI to huaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki atIta, anAgata aura asat-vastu kA abhAva hote hue bhI ina sabakA kathana anumAna se hone ke kAraNa anumAna kA padArtha ke sAtha saMbaMdha hotA hI hai- aisA anivArya niyama kahA~ hai ? isa prakAra, artha kI pratibaddhatA ke binA bhI Apa (bauddha) anumAna ko to pramANa mAna rahe haiM, ataH, yA to Apako anumAna ko apramANa mAnanA cAhie, yA phira zabda ko pramANa mAnanA caahie| isa para, bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki yadi hama anumAna ke samAna hI zabda ko bhI pramANa mAna leM, to hameM vaktA dvArA bole gae zabda dvArA utpanna apoha ko bhI paraMparA se padArtha ke sAtha saMbaMdha vAlA mAnanA hogA, taba hI zabda ko pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadi hama zabda ko pramANa mAna bhI leM, to 'tuMbI DUba rahI hai (yaha eka anubhavasiddha bAta hai ki tuMbI kabhI DUbatI nahIM hai) vipratAraka arthAt brAhmaNa ko DUbane se bacAne vAle puruSa dvArA yahI kahA jAtA hai ki tuMbI DUba rahI hai, kyoMki brAhmaNa tArane vAlA hotA hai| yadi vaha svayaM DUba rahA ho, to yahI kahanA hogA ki tuMbI (tAraka) DUba rahI hai| isa kathana ke samAna hI apoha (vikalpa) ko bhI aisA hI honA cAhie, arthAta artha ke sAtha pratibaddha honA cAhie, kintu zabda kA artha ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai, kyoMki tUMbI to tairatI hI hai, use zabda dvArA DUbane vAlA kahanA yahI sUcita karatA hai ki zabda kA artha ke sAtha koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai, ataH, zabda pramANa nahIM hai| punaH, jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki 'tuMbI DUba rahI haiisa vAkya meM tuMbI ke na DUbane ke guNa ke kAraNa zabda aura artha meM saMbaMdha nahIM mAnanA, ApakA yaha kathana ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki pratyeka zabda kA koI na koI artha rahA huA hai, paristhiti-vizeSa meM tuMbI DUba bhI sakatI hai, to tuMbI taira bhI sakatI hai| tuMbI meM DUbane kA aura tairane kA- donoM
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________________ 188 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA guNa-dharma rahe hue haiN| miTTI se lepayukta tuMbI DUba bhI sakatI hai tathA binA lepa vAlI tuMbI taira bhI sakatI hai| yaha to vaktA ke kathana para nirbhara hai ki usakI vivakSA kyA hai ? ataH, zabda kA padArtha ke sAtha koI bhI saMbaMdha na mAnakara zabda ko apramANa mAna lenA- yaha ApakA kathana ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yadi Apa aisA hI mAnate haiM, to anumeya bane hue padArtha ke apoha (vikalpa) meM bhI apramANa vAlI bAta hI siddha hogI, arthAt zabda ke apramANa ke samAna hI anumAna meM bhI doSa utpanna hogaa| jisa prakAra 'parvato vahmiAna, prameyatvAt' arthAt parvata para agni hai, kyoMki vaha prameya hai, aise anumAna meM hetu ke vyabhicArI hone para anumeya-saMbaMdhI 'apoha' meM bhI padArtha kI pratibaddhatA to hotI hai| jaise dhUma (hetu) se vahni (agni) kA bodha hotA hai, to vahA~ para anumeya padArtha pratibaddha hotA hai, arthAt agni kI prApti hotI hai, usI prakAra prameyatva hetu se bhI agni prApta ho jAnA cAhie, kintu hotI nahIM hai| vahA~ para bhI hetu padArtha se pratibaddha hotA hI haiM, kintu yahA~ hetu ke vyabhicArI hone se doSa utpanna hogA aura eka anumAna ke apramANa hone para sabhI anumAna apramANa ho jaaeNge| jaisA ki Apane (bauddha-dArzanika) kahA ki vipratAraka puruSa ke zabda kA padArtha ke sAtha saMbaMdha (pratibaddhatA) na hone para sAre zabda apramANa hote haiM, to aise hI hetu ke sAdhya se apratibaddha hone se athavA atiprasaMga-doSa hone se sAre anumAna bhI apramANa hoNge|21 bauddha - jaina-darzana ke isa tarka kA khaNDana karate hue bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki prameyatva to hetu ho nahIM sktaa| "parvatovahimAna prameyatvAta' isa anamAna meM diyA huA prameyatva hetu hai, yaha sahI heta kA lakSaNa nahIM hone se ghaTita nahIM hotA hai| "vipakSasatva' sAdhyAbhAvarUpa vipakSa meM prameyatva- hetu ke saMbhava nahIM hone se, anumAna meM kie gae apoha (vikalpa) kA saMbaMdha padArtha ke sAtha kaise banegA? yadi hetu sahI ho, to hI usase hone vAle anumAna meM apoha kA padArtha ke sAtha saMbaMdha hotA hai, kintu jo hetu (vyakti) vyabhicArAdi doSa vAlA ho, to vaha hetu sahI hetu na hone ke kAraNa anumeya kA apoha-padArtha ke sAtha saMbaMdha nahIM banatA hai, isalie jo anumAna doSayukta hetu vAlA hotA hai, vahI anumAna apramANa kahalAtA hai, sabhI anumAna apramANa nahIM hote haiN| 221 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 616, 617 222 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 617
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jaina isa para jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra sahI hetu vAlA anumAna hI pramANarUpa hai, usI prakAra anApta vipra-tAraka - puruSa kA kathana, tuMbI DUba rahI hai, satya na hone ke kAraNa anApta - puruSa ke zabda hI padArtha ke sAtha pratibaddha (saMbaMddha ) na hone ke kAraNa apramANa hote haiM, kintu AptapuruSa ke vacana meM zabda kI vAcya - vastu se saMbaddhatA hone para unake vacana ko to pramANa mAnanA cAhie / yadi Apa zabda ko pramANa mAna lete haiM, to anumAna ko pramANa mAnane ke samAna hI zabda kI prAmANikatA bhI mAna lI jaaegii| 223 - bauddha bauddha - dArzanika apane siddhAMta kI puSTi karane ke lie jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri se kahate haiM ki Apa jo yaha tarka de rahe haiM ki AptapuruSa ke vacana hone ke kAraNa ve zabda pramANarUpa honA cAhie, kintu hamArA Apase yaha pratiprazna hai ki kaunase vacana AptapuruSa ke haiM, jise pramANa mAnA jAe ? kaunase vacana anApta - puruSa ke haiM, jise apramANa mAnA jAe? isakA kyA AdhAra hai ? AptapuruSa ora anApta-puruSa kA viveka sambhava nahIM hone ke kAraNa hI hama to sabhI zabdoM ko apramANarUpa hI mAnate haiM, arthAt zabda kI koI svataMtra sattA na hone ke kAraNa zabda pramANarUpa nahIM ho sakatA / 224 223 - jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kI apohavAda kI samIkSA bauddhoM dvArA uThAe gae prazna ke samAdhAna meM jainAcArya ratnaprabha punaH bauddhoM se hI pratiprazna karate haiM ki Apa (bauddha) hamAre ina praznoM kA javAba deM- 1. kyA saMsAra meM AptapuruSa kA abhAva hone ke kAraNa ? yA 2. kyA saMsAra meM AptapuruSa to hote haiM; kintu ye AptapuruSa haiM tathA ye AptapuruSa nahIM haiM- aisA viveka nahIM hone ke kAraNa ? yA 3. AptapuruSa aura anApta-puruSa kA nizcaya ho jAne ke bAda bhI jo AptapuruSa hote haiM, ve maunavrata vAle hote haiM- isa AdhAra para Apa aisA kahate haiM ? yA 4. AptapuruSa to bolate haiM, arthAt ve maunavrata vAle nahIM haiM, kintu anApta - puruSa ke vacana se AptapuruSa ke vacana ko pahacAnane kA viveka nahIM hone se, arthAt donoM ke vacanoM meM bheda karanA saMbhava nahIM hone ke kAraNa ? Apane jo yaha kathana kiyA ki Apta aura anApta kA bheda karanA 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II 224 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II 189 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 617 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 618
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________________ 190 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA saMbhava nahIM hone se hama sabhI zabdoM ko apramANa hI mAnate haiM, to antataH Apane aisA kathana kyoM kiyA ? hamAre dvArA die gae cAra vikalpoM meM se kisa vikalpa ke AdhAra para Apa aisA kahate haiM, isakA spaSTIkaraNa kreN| dUsare, Apa cArvAka Adi anya dArzanikoM kI vANI ko apramANa tathA mAtA, pitA, putra, bhAI, guru aura bhagavAn buddha kI vANI ko unakI vizeSatA ke kAraNa pramANarUpa mAnate haiN| isa prakAra, jaba Apa svayaM hI cArvAka Adi anya dArzanikoM kI vANI ko apramANarUpa kahate haiM tathA mAtA, pitA, bhAI, guru aura vizeSa rUpa se bhagavAna buddha kI vANI ko pramANarUpa kahate ho, to isa AdhAra se to hama yahI kahate haiM ki Apa uparyukta donoM vaktAoM kI vANI kI apramANarUpatA aura pramANarUpatA ko, viveka kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra karate haiN| dasare zabdoM meM, Apa svayaM yaha nirNaya karane meM sakSama haiM ki Apta kauna hai ? aura anApta kauna hai ? donoM ke vacana meM kyA bheda hai ? aisA vivake-jJAna Apa meM hai, tabhI to Apane cArvAka Adi ke vacanoM ko apramANarUpa meM aura bhagavAn buddha ke vacanoM ko pramANarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| yadi Apa donoM ke vacanoM meM bheda svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, to bhagavAn buddha tathA mAtA-pitA Adi upakAriyoM ke dvArA kathita vacanoM ke anusAra Apa jo pravRtti karate haiM vaha ApakI pravRtti nirarthaka mAnI jaaegii| phira to, Apako cArvAka Adi ke vacanoM ke AdhAra para bhI pravRtti karanI cAhie, athavA cArvAkAdi kI vANI vacanoM ke samAna apane upakAriyoM ke vacanoM (zabdoM) meM bhI pravRtti nahIM karanA cAhie, kintu Apa aisA nahIM karate haiM ? isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki Apa Apta-anApta kA bheda karate haiM aura AptapuruSa ke vacanoM ko pramANarUpa bhI mAnate haiM, ataH, Apa (bauddhoM) dvArA die gae uparyukta sAre tarka vyartha mAne jAeMge, isalie Apako zabda ko pramANarUpa svIkAra kara lenA caahie| bauddha dArzanika zabda kI prAmANikatA kI samIkSA karate hue jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri se kahate haiM ki hama to AptapuruSa ko mAnate haiM, unakI vANI ko bhI mAnate haiM tathA unakI vANI kI pramANarUpatA ko bhI mAnate haiM, kintu Apta-puruSa ke zabda se jo artha (pArtha) kI pratIti hotI hai, usa artha kI pratIti ko anumAna se mAnate haiM, zabda-pramANa (Agama-pramANa) se nahIM mAnate, jaise- koI AptapuruSa 'yaha vRkSa hai- aisA 225 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 618 226 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 618, 619
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA zabda - prayoga karatA hai, to usa zabda-prayoga se vRkSarUpI artha kI jo pratIti hotI hai, vaha anumAna se hotI hai, na ki zabda - pramANa se / isa saMbaMdha meM hama anumAna ko hI pramANarUpa mAnate haiN| vaha anumAna isa prakAra se hai- yaha puruSa (pakSa) vRkSa zabda ke artha ko jAnane vAlA hai (sAdhya), kyoMki vRkSa zabda kA prayoga karatA hai (hetu) / jisa prakAra pUrvakAla meM pAdapa arthAt vRkSa ke 1 lie vRkSa zabda kA prayoga kiyA thA, usI prakAra aba bhI kiyA jAtA hai ( dRSTAMta) | isa prakAra, prathama vivakSA ko anumAna dvArA hamArI yaha vivakSA satya hI hai, aisA samajhAne ke pazcAt aba dUsarA anumAna karate haiM - yaha vivakSA arthAt kathana ( pakSa ) satya hI hai (sAdhya), kyoMki yaha AptapuruSa kA kathana hai ( hetu), merI vivakSA arthAt kathana ke samAna (udAharaNa) / isa prakAra, tAtparya yaha hai ki anumAna pramANa dvArA AptapuruSa ke vacana se vastutattva kA jJAna arthAt artha kA jJAna (bodha) kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra, anumAna se hI yaha bAta siddha ho jAtI hai, to phira zabda ko pramANa kyoM mAnA jAe ? arthAt zabda ko pramANarUpa mAnane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai - aisA bauddha - dArzanika pratipAdana karate haiN| 227 isa para, jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki yadi Apa (bauddha) zabda se hone vAle artha-bodha ko bhI anumAnajanya mAnate haiM, to ApakI yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai| isakA samAdhAna hamane prastuta ratnAkarAvatArikA meM cauthe pariccheda ke dUsare sUtra kI TIkA meM vaizeSika darzana kI isI prakAra kI mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate samaya kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai- "atraivaM vadanti kANAdA: zabdo'numAnam. vyAptigrahaNa balenArthapratipAdakatvAd dhUmavad iti / tatra hetorAmukhe kuTAkuTakArSApaNa nirUpaNa pravaNa pratyakSeNa vyabhicAraH, tathA bhUtasyApi tatpratyakSasyAnumAna nirUpatA'pAyAt / "" .228 227 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II 228 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki zabda se hone vAlA artha-bodha anumAnajanya arthabodha ke samAna nahIM hai, parantu svataMtra Agama (zabda) pramANajanya hI hai / punaH, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki Apa vivakSita kathana ke sambandha meM jo anumAna karate haiM, vaha anumAna Apa zAkhA - prazAkhA, phala-phUla, patte Adi padArthoM meM bhI vRkSa zabda kA saMketa karAne hetu karate ho, yA saMketa kie binA hI anumAna karate ho ? 'saMketa ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 619 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 505 191 -
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kie binA yaha dUsarA pakSa to bilkula bhI ucita nahIM hai, arthAt zAkhA - prazAkhA Adi padArthoM meM vRkSa zabda kA saMketa mAne binA hI yadi Apa anumAna karate haiM, to aisA kathana (vivakSya) bilakula ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki zAkhA prazAkhA Adi ke binA vRkSa zabda kA koI artha hI nahIM hogA | 229 192 jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki yadi mAna lo ki koI puruSa vRkSa kI ora saMketa karake yaha batAnA cAhe ki 'yaha vRkSa hai, kyoMki vRkSa kahate hI yaha samajha meM A jAtA hai ki zAkhA - prazAkhA, phala-phUla - patte Adi se yukta vRkSa hotA hai, kintu yadi vahI puruSa 'vRkSa' zabda kA prayoga tRNa- ghAsa Adi anya padArthoM meM karake yaha samajhAe ki yaha tRNa-ghAsa, ghaTa-paTa Adi hI vRkSa haiM, to Apake (bauddha) siddhAntAnusAra hI tRNa, ghaTa, paTa Adi padArthoM ko, jo zAkhA - prazAkhA, phala-phUla, patte Adi se rahita haiM, vRkSa mAnane se to hetu meM sAdhya kA abhAva hone se hetu vyabhicArI - doSa se grasta hai aura Apa vRkSa zabda kA artha tRNa, ghAsa, ghaTa, paTa Adi haiM- isako anumAna - pramANa se kaise siddha kara pAoge ? kyoMki anumAna to hetu para nirbhara hotA hai| Apa vRkSa ko yA tRNa ko kyA hetu banAoge ? Apa kisI bhI padArtha ke lie kisI bhI zabda kA prayoga karake usako anumAna - pramANa batAoge, to usameM sAdhya kA abhAva hone se vyabhicAra - doSa utpanna ho jAegA, jabaki yaha nizcita hai ki zabda meM hI saMketa karane kA guNa rahA huA hai| saMketa zabda ke dvArA kisI bhI vastu meM ho sakatA hai| hara zabda kA apanA eka niyata artha hotA hai, arthAt zabda kA eka nizcita saMdarbha meM prayoga kiyA jAegA, to hI vaha sArthaka hogA aura yaha lakSaNa Agama- pramANa meM hI hai| yadi Apa saMketa ko svIkAra nahIM kareMge, to vRkSa zabda kA prayoga cAhe kisI bhI tRNa, ghaTa, paTa Adi padArtha meM karane para tRNa, ghaTa, paTa Adi meM to sAdhya kA abhAva hogaa| aise tRNa, ghaTa, paTa Adi-rUpa vipakSa meM bhI vRkSa zabda kA uccAraNa hote hue bhI vahA~ jo hetu banegA, vaha hetu vipakSa-vRtti hone se vyabhicAra - doSa se grasta hogA / pAgala vyakti, yA nidrAdhIna vyakti, yA nazA kiyA huA vyakti kucha bhI anargala bakavAsa karatA rahatA hai| ina vyaktiyoM ke zabdoccAraNa kA koI niyata artha nahIM rahatA hai / yadyapi ve zabdoccAraNa-rUpa to haiM, tathApi unameM abhidheya (vAcya - viSaya) kI vivakSA nahIM hai / vahA~ para bhI sAdhya kA abhAva 229 ratnA rAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 620 *
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 193 hone para vyabhicAra-doSa utpanna hogaa| isI prakAra, yadi kisI vyakti kI vANI meM skhalanA hotI hai, arthAt vaha bolanA kucha cAhatA hai, kintu bolA anya kucha jAtA hai, aise puruSoM ke zabda tathA tRNa-ghAsa, ghaTa-paTa Adi ke sandarbha meM prayukta vRkSa zabda, nazebAja, pAgala, nidrAdhIna Adi puruSa ke zabda, totA, mainA, kauA Adi ke zabda- ye sAre zabdoccAraNa abhidheya- zUnya hone ke kAraNa inameM hetu kA sAdhya se sambandha nahIM hone ke kAraNa vyabhicAra-doSa utpanna hotA hai| isa prakAra, saMketaka hue binA hI zabda-prayoga hotA hai, aisA Apa (bauddhoM) kA pakSa khaMDita ho jAtA hai|230 punaH, Apa bauddha yaha kahate haiM ki saMketaka hone se hI anumAna meM zabda-prayoga hotA hai, Apa aisA jo prathama-pakSa mAnate haiM, to yaha batAe~ ki 'zabda svayaM hI saMketa dvArA apanI-apanI nizcita vAcya-vastuoM kA anumAna binA hI arthabodha karAte haiM- aisA mAnane meM Apako kyA koI doSa dikhAI detA hai ? yadi nahIM, to phira 'zabda meM arthabodha karAne kI zakti hai- aisA Apako (bauddhoM ko) svIkAra karanA caahie| yadi Apa zabda ko kevala apohajanya hI mAneMge, to phira zabda apane vAcya-artha ko kaise pAegA? kyoMki zabda kA eka nizcita saMdarbha meM koI prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, to hI vaha sArthaka hotA hai aura vaha guNa Agama-pramANa meM hI hotA hai, kyoMki Agama-pramANa meM pratyeka zabda apane eka niyata artha kA vAcaka hotA hai, jabaki anumAna meM aisA nahIM hotA hai, ataH, Apa (bauddha) ko yaha svIkAra karanA cAhie ki zabda svayaM hI saMketa dvArA apane vAcyArtha kA bodha karAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, zabda-pramANa kA antarbhAva anumAna-pramANa meM ho jAtA hai- aisA na mAnakara Apako zabda-pramANa kI svataMtra sattA svIkAra kara lenA caahie| yahI bAta jagat prasiddha tathA yuktisaMgata hai| isa para bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki anya kI vyAvRtti karane ke kAraNa, arthAt anya kA niSedha karate hue anya se sarvathA bhinna svarUpa vAlI vastu ke svalakSaNa meM 'yaha ghaTa hai jo jaladhAraNa karane kI eka hI arthakriyA karane vAlA hai tathA 'yaha paTa hai jo AvaraNarUpa eka arthakriyA karane vAlA hai| isa prakAra, pratyeka vastu apanI-apanI arthakriyA karane vAlI hotI hai| usa viziSTa arthakriyA kA jo pratibiMba hamArI buddhi meM 230 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 620, 621 231 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 621, 622
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________________ 194 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA banatA hai, use apoha kahate haiN| bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki anyoM kI vyAvRtti karane se anta meM jo bacatA hai, yA anubhava meM AtA hai, usa anubhava ko hI hama 'apoha kahate haiN| apoha meM mAtra anya kA niSedha hI nahIM hotA hai, apitu usa niSedha ke sAtha hI usake vidhi-pakSa kA bhI grahaNa hotA hai| hama vastu ko hI nahIM, kiMtu vastu meM jo arthakriyAkAritva-guNa hai, usako apoha kahate haiN| 232 isa para, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki yaha apoha hI zabda kA artha hai, vastu (padArtha) zabda kA artha nahIM hai- aisA Apa (bauddha) kA kathana kyA mithyA yA anucita nahIM hai ? kyoMki Apa jo yaha kahate haiM ki padArtha meM eka hI arthakriyAkAritva-guNa hai, ApakA yaha kathana kaise mAnA jAe ? Apa jo kahate haiM ki ghaTa meM jaladhAraNa karane kI yaha eka hI arthakriyA kA guNa hai, jabaki yaha prasiddha tathya hai ki ghaTa meM mAtra jala-dhAraNa kI hI kriyA nahIM hotI hai, balki ghaTa ghRta, tela, anAja Adi ko bhI dhAraNa karatA hai| isa prakAra, eka hI vastu aneka arthakriyA karane kI yogyatA rakhatI hai, arthAt eka hI vastu meM aneka arthakriyAkAritva kA guNa rahA huA hai| 233 jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki yadi Apa vastu meM eka hI arthakriyAkAritva kI zakti mAneMge, to phira kyA gAya aura baila kI arthakriyA meM bhI ekarUpatA mAneMge ? bhAra vahana karane vAle baila ko kyA gAya kaheMge ? aura dUdha dene vAlI gAya ko kyA baila kaheMge ? ataH, Apa ekarUpatA yA ekatva kisako kaheMge ? kyA donoM meM dvitva nahIM hai, arthAt gAya aura baila- donoM bhinna-bhinna nahIM haiM ? yA donoM bhinna-bhinna haiM, parantu bhinna hote hue bhI donoM meM sadRzatA kA bodha hotA hai| prathama pakSa, yadi kaheM ki gAya aura baila meM bhinnatA nahIM hai, arthAta donoM meM ekarUpatA (eka arthakriyAkAritva) mAnate haiM, to ApakA yaha prathama-pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki eka hI baila nAmaka jAti meM bhI bhinnatA dekhane meM AtI hai, jaise kisI baila ke sIMga khaMDita haiM, to koI baila sIMga vAlA hai, koI baila hala calAne meM kAma AtA hai, koI bailagAr3I 232 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 621, 622 233 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 622 234 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 622
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA meM jotA jAkara bojhA DhotA hai| dUsare, kAlakrama meM bhI eka hI baila aneka kriyA karane vAlA hotA hai, sAtha hI pratyeka baila bhinna-bhinna kAla meM bhinna-bhinna kriyA karane meM samartha hote haiN| isa prakAra, 'go' jAti meM bhI pratyeka gAya ki kriyAeM bhinna-bhinna hotI haiN| isa prakAra, eka hI gAya meM aneka prakAra ke kriyAkAritva ke guNa rahe hue haiN| yaha bAta to pratyakSa - pramANa se bhI siddha hotI hai / yadyapi yaha bAta ThIka hai ki Upara se go jAti kI kriyAe~ eka jaisI dikhAI de sakatI haiM, jaise ki saba gAyeM dUdha detI haiM, ra~bhAtI haiM, ghAsa khAtI haiM aura gomAtA kahalAtI haiN| Apake siddhAntAnusAra aneka bailoM ko tathA aneka gAyoM ko eka hI mAnanA tathA gAya aura baila meM bhI ekarUpatA mAnanA hogA, parantu ApakA yaha kathana to sarvathA mithyA hai| isa prakAra, Apane jo kathana kiyA ki svayaM vyAvRtti svarUpa vAle svalakSaNarUpa paramANuoM meM 'yaha ghaTa haiM- isa prakAra kI ekAkAratA mAnanA sarvathA anucita hai| 25 dUsarA pakSa, yadi yaha kahate haiM ki gAya aura baila meM eka prakAra kI samAnatA hai, to isa samAnatA ( sadRzatA ) kA tAtparya kyA hai ? 1. yaha isake samAna hai, aisI sadRzatA kA AdhAra hai ? yA 2. anya (itara) padArthoM kI vyAvRtti hone kA AdhAra hai ? athavA gAya aura baila meM samAnatA hai ? yA gAya aura baila meM visadRzatA hai ? ina donoM pakSoM meM se Apako kaunasA pakSa mAnya hai | 236 AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki Apake anusAra gAya aura baila meM go jAti ke hone ke kAraNa samAnatA hai, yA yaha gAya isa gAya ke samAna hai, yA yaha baila isa baila ke samAna hai - isa prakAra, kI samAnatA hai / ApakA yaha prathama pakSa to ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki bauddha darzana meM to sabhI padArtha kSaNika hone se tathA paraspara atyanta bhinna hone se tathA 'anvaya' kA abhAva hone se 'sadRza - pariNAmatA to svIkAra hI nahIM hai, arthAt koI bhI padArtha kisI ke samAna (sadRza ) hai hI nhiiN| jaba eka baila svayaM dUsare samaya meM svayaM ke samAna hI nahIM rahatA hai, to dUsare baila ke sAtha usakI kaise tulanA kareMge ki yaha baila isa baila ke samAna hai, athavA yaha gAya isa gAya ke samAna hai, ataH Apake bauddhadarzana meM eka-dUsare ke 235 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 622 236 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 622 195
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________________ 196 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA sAtha samAnatA (sadRzatA) saMbhava hI nahIM hone ke kAraNa ApakA prathama pakSa ucita nahIM hai|237 yadi Apa dUsarA pakSa kahate haiM, to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai| vivakSita eka baila ko dUsare baila se vyAvRttirUpa (abhAva) hai, aisI samAnatA kahate ho, to yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki eka meM anya kA niSedha, yA anya vyAvRtti abhAvarUpa hotI hai aura abhAva zUnyAtmaka hotA hai| vandhyAputra ke samAna usameM svalakSaNa saMbhava nahIM haiM, jaise - vandhyAputra kA abhAva hone se, arthAt 'sat' nahIM hone se usameM svalakSaNa kA praveza nahIM ho sakatA, arthAt usakA koI svalakSaNa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki anya kI vyAvRtti abhAva (asata) rUpa hotI hai, usakA koI svalakSaNa nahIM ho sakatA hai, isalie ApakA yaha dUsarA tarka bhI ucita nahIM hai| punaH, AcArya ratnaprabha bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki Apa jo vivakSita- samAnatva kA artha 'anya se vyAvRtti' mAnate haiM, to isa anya kI vyAvRtti ko Apa kisakI apekSA se vyAvRtti mAnate haiM ? 1. kyA Apa use. sAmAnya arthAt sajAtIya kI apekSA se vyAvRtti mAneMge ? yA 2. vijAtIya kI apekSA se vyAvRtti mAneMge ? yadi Apa prathama pakSa mAnate haiM arthAta sajAtIya kI apekSA se vyAvRtti mAnate haiM, to koI bhI padArtha kisI bhI padArtha kI apekSA se vyAvRttirUpa arthAta niSedharUpa nahIM hogA, kyoMki pUrNa asamAnatA bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| isakA tAtparya yaha huA ki ghaTa padArtha kI siddhi ke lie kyA Apa ghaTa jAti kI hI vyAvRtti kareMge, yA paTa jAti kI vyAvRtti kareMge? arthAta yaha ghaTa ghaTa jAti ke ghaTa ke samAna nahIM hai| isakA tAtparya yaha nikalA ki ghaTa ghaTa ke samAna nahIM hai, apitu paTa ke samAna hai| isa prakAra, Apa ghaTa aura paTa meM samAnatA svIkAra kreNge| isI prakAra, paTa ko siddha karane ke lie Apa paTa jAti kA niSedha karate hue yaha siddha kareMge ki yaha paTa isa ghaTa ke samAna hai| isa prakAra, paTa aura ghaTa meM samAnatA svIkAra kreNge| tAtparya yaha huA ki ghaTa apane sajAtIya ghaTa se bhinna hai aura paTa bhI apane sajAtIya paTa se bhinna hai| ghaTa aura paTa apane sajAtIya itara padArthoM se vyAvRtta hone ke kAraNa yadi Apa unakI vijAtIya padArthoM ke sAtha samAnatA siddha karate haiM, to ApakA kathana khaMDita ho jAtA hai| samAnatA arthAt sAmAnya to bhAvarUpa hai, jabaki 237 ratnAkarAyatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 622 238 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 822
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA Apa to sAmAnya ko bhAvarUpa svIkAra karate hI nahIM haiM, ataH, ApakA prathama pakSa khaMDita ho jAtA hai 1239 jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki yadi Apa yaha dUsarA pakSa grahaNa karate haiM ki anya kI vyAvRtti kA tAtparya vijAtIya se vyAvRtti hai, to go kI baila Adi kI apekSA se sajAtIyatA siddha hotI hogI aura azva, hAthI Adi anya padArthoM se vijAtIyatA siddha hogI, kyoMki Apa jaba taka sajAtIya ko svIkAra nahIM kareMge, taba taka vijAtIya kA niSedha kaise kareMge? Apa sAmAnya ko svIkAra to karate nahIM haiM, kyoMki sAmAnya to jAtyAnvita aura kAlpanika hai, mAtra vizeSa ko svIkAra karate haiM, to vizeSa to aneka haiM, to kyA pratyeka vizeSa ke alaga-alaga nAma lAe~ge ? vizeSa meM Apa kisakI kisase vyAvRtti kareMge ? isa prakAra, donoM meM parasparAzraya nAma kA doSa utpanna ho jAegA / vijAtIya vijAtIya tabhI kahalAegA, jaba koI sajAtIya ho aura donoM meM isa pRthakkIkaraNa kA AdhAra yaha hai ki yaha sajAtIya hai tathA yaha vijAtIya hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki sajAtIyatA kI siddhi vijAtIya se vyAvRttirUpa hai, isalie anya padArthoM se vijAtIyatA siddha hone para sajAtIyatA kI siddhi bhI ghaTita ho sakatI hai | 240 phalitArtha yaha hai ki sajAtIyatA anya kI vyAvRttirUpa hone se anya meM vijAtIyatA taba taka siddha nahIM hogI, jaba taka sajAtIyatA kI siddhi nahIM hogii| isI prakAra, vijAtIyatA kI siddhi sajAtIyatA kI siddhi ke binA ghaTita nahIM ho sakatI aura sajAtIyatA kI siddhi vijAtIyatA kI siddhi ke binA asaMbhava hone se donoM meM parasparAzraya nAmaka doSa utpanna hogA | 241 jaina- dArzanika punaH kahate haiM ki pratyeka zabda kA apanA eka bhAvAtmaka (vidhAnAtmaka) artha hotA hai| zabda kevala vijAtIya kA niSedha hI nahIM ho sakatA, kintu vaha sajAtIya kA arthAt vastu kA vidhAna bhI karatA hai / yadi zabda ko kevala niSedhAtmaka mAneMge, to phira vaha vijAtIya ke samAna hI sajAtIya kA niSedhaka ho jAegA aura aisI sthiti meM vastu ke svarUpa kA pratipAdaka hone se usakA aucitya hI samApta ho jaaegaa| 239 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II 240 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II 241 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, 197 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 623 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 623 ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 623
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________________ 198 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA __'bauddha-pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA' nAmaka pustaka meM DaoN. dharmacandra jaina likhate haiM ki 'akalaMka ne jaina-darzanAnusAra pratipAdita kiyA hai ki kisI eka vastu meM saMketa grahaNa karake tatsa sadRza anya ghaToM meM bhI 'ghaTa' zabda kA vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| 242 samasta ghaToM meM pRthak-pRthaka rUpa se 'ghaTa' zabda kA saMketa grahaNa karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| pratyeka vastu sadRzAsadazAtmaka hotI hai, vaha tajjAtIya dravyoM ke sadRza tathA vijAtIya-dravyoM se visadRza hotI hai, yathA- 'ghaTa' vastu tatsadRza ghaToM ke sadRza tathA paTa Adi se visadRza hotI hai| usakI anya vastuoM se sadRzatA sAmAnya hai tathA visadRzatA vizeSa hai| sAmAnya vizeSa se pRthak hokara vastu meM nahIM rahatA hai| isI prakAra, vizeSa bhI sAmAnya se pRthak hokara vastu meM nahIM rahatA hai| donoM kI pratIti eka hI vastu meM hotI hai| hameM jo bhI jJAna hotA hai, vaha sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka vastu kA hI jJAna hotA hai, isalie sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka vastu meM hI saMketa grahaNa hotA jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki zabda kA artha buddhi meM pratibimbita pratyaya (Idea) hai yA yathArtha bAhya-vastu hai ? yadi Apa buddhi meM pratibimbita pratyaya (Idea) ko hI zabda kA vAcyArtha mAnate haiM, to yaha batAie ki mana kA jo vikalpa hai, arthAt vastu kI jo mAnasika-saMkalpanA hai, kyA vahI vastu hai ? kyA bAhyagata (bhUmigata) ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha (vastu) nahIM haiM ? yadi Apa aisA mAnate haiM, to phira yaha batAie ki zabda ko sunakara zrotA kI pravRtti yA jana-sAdhAraNa kI pravRtti kisameM hogI ? yadi zabda kevala mAnasika-saMkalpanA kA vAcaka hai aura bAhyArtha (bAhya-vastuoM) se usakA koI saMbaMdha hI nahIM hai, to phira zrotA ko bAhyArtha meM pravRtti kaise hogI ? arthAt bAhyArtha kI prApti yA bAhyArtha kA bodha (jJAna) kaise hogA ?204 ____bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara apane mata kI puSTi meM uttara dete haiM ki zabda ke dvArA buddhi meM artha kA mAnasa-pratibimba (idea) utpanna hotA hai| 242 dekheM - tatraikamAbhisandhAya, smaanprinnaamissu| ___ samayaH tatprakAreSu, pravarteteti saadhyte|| - nyAyavinizcaya, 198, 199 243 dekheM - tat samAnA samAneSu, ttprvRttinivRttye| saMkSepeNa kvacit, kazcicchabdaH saMketa mshnute|| - nyAyavinizcaya, 214 244 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 624
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA zabda - jJAna dvArA bAhya artha kA grahaNa nahIM hotA hai, ataH, mAnasa - pratibimba (pratyaya) hI zabda kA vAcya hotA hai| svapratibhAsa se buddhi meM pratibimbita huA jo apoha (vikalpa) hai, vaha ghaTa, paTa Adi padArtha (artha) rUpa nahIM hai, arthAt ve vikalpa padArtharUpa nahIM haiM, ve mAnasika- saMkalpanA haiM, idea haiM, AbhAsa haiM, jise hama bauddha - dArzanika anartharUpa kahate haiN| aise anartharUpa mAnasa - pratyaya se hI hamArI buddhi meM pratibhAsita (pratibimbita ) apoha (vikalpa) meM bhUmigata vAstavika ghaTa paTa Adi padArtha kA adhyavasAya ( nizcaya ) hotA hai aura isa adhyavasAya meM hI zrotA kI bhI pravRtti hotI hai| 245 jJAna kI arthAkAratA kA khaMDana karate hue jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUra bauddhoM se pratiprazna karate haiM ki yadi arthAkAra - pratibimba ko svIkAra kara bhI liyA jAe, to vaha pratibimba kisakA hai ? svalakSaNa artha kA hai yA sAmAnya kA ? svalakSaNa kA to vaha pratibimba nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki svalakSaNa anya samasta arthoM se vyAvRttAkAravAn hotA hai| yadi jJAna meM sAmAnya kA pratibimba banatA hai, to yaha bhI ayukta hai, kyoMki bauddha-mata meM sAmAnya asat hai, usakA pratibimba nahIM bana sakatA / 246 ataH, jaina- dArzanika prazna karate haiM ki yadi zabda vikalparUpa meM hI apane mAnasa - pratibimba (pratyaya) kA nizcayAtmaka mAnA jAtA hai, to isase bAhyArtha meM, arthAt bhUmi para sthita ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha meM pravRtti kaise hogI? Apa bauddha jo yaha kathana karate haiM ki zabda - vikalpa dvArA anartha meM artha kA adhyavasAya karane se bAhyArtha meM pravRtti hotI haiM, to yaha arthAdhyAsa kyA hai ? arthAt Apa arthAdhyAsa kisako kahate haiM ? 247 199 'bauddha-pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA' nAmaka pustaka meM DaoN. dharmacanda jaina isa sandarbha meM likhate haiM ki 'bAhyArtha ko grahaNa karanA adhyavasAya hai, to yaha 'anya - mata' ko siddha karatA hai, kyoMki bauddhoM ko to zabda - jJAna dvArA bAhya artha kA grahaNa abhISTa nahIM hai| yadi arthAdhyAvasAya kA kAraNa artha hai, to yaha bhI anupapanna ( asiddha ) hai, kyoMki artha to apanI sAmagrI se utpanna hote haiM, jJAna se nahIM / yadi jJAna - mAtra se hI 245 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 624 246 'jaina bhASA darzana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 54 247 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 624
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________________ 200 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA artha utpanna hone lage, to sabako samasta artha (padArtha) prApta ho jAeM aura sabhI vyakti dhanADhya ho jaaeN| yadi svAkAra (jJAnAkAra) ko bAhyArtha se jor3anA adhyavasAya hai, to yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki aisI pratIti nahIM hotI hai| yadi bAhyArtha ko svAkAra meM Aropita karanA adhyavasAya hai, to yaha bhI anucita hai, kyoMki bAhyArtha evaM svAkAra kA pRthak-pRthak jJAna hue binA eka kA dUsare para AropaNa nahIM ho sktaa| donoM kA jJAna na nirvikalpa-pratyakSa se ho sakatA hai aura na savikalpa se, ataH, zabda-vikalpa bAhyArtha kA svAkAra meM athavA svAkAra kA bAhyArtha meM Aropa nahIM kara sktaa| bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara kahate haiM ki hama samAropa ko adhyavasAya kahate haiM, yathA- sUrya kI kiraNoM se camakatI retI meM mRga ko pAnI kA AbhAsa hotA hai aura phira mRga kI usameM pravRtti hotI hai, jisako mRga-marIcikA kahA jAtA hai| isa artharUpa retI meM anartharUpa jala kA jo AbhAsa hotA hai, basa vahI adhyavasAya hai| punaH, yathA sIpa meM rajata kI bhrAMti hotI hai, usI prakAra anartharUpa buddhi meM pratibimbita vikalpa meM vAstavika bAhyArtha kA jo bhrama hotA hai, vaha adhyavasAya hai, arthAt artha meM anartha kA samAropa yA mithyA jJAna adhyavasAya hai, ataH, zabda kA vAcyArtha padArtha na hokara mAtra adhyavasAya hai, jo mRga-marIcikA ke samAna eka mAnasika-saMkalpanA hai| isa prakAra, padArtharUpI artha para manokalpanArUpI anartha Aropita hone ko hI hama adhyavasAya kahate haiN|249 jaina-dArzanika AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha-mata kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki yadi Apa artha para anartha ko samAropa kahate haiM, to vaha samAropa artharUpa (bhUmi para sthita ghaTa-paTa Adi) aura anartharUpa arthAt buddhikalpita ghaTa-paTa Adi- ina donoM ko vikalpa kA viSaya banane para hI ghaTita ho sakatA hai, anyathA ghaTita nahIM ho sktaa| Apa (bauddha) jo yaha tarka dete haiM ki jaise mRga-marIcikA kI ora pravRtti hotI hai, vaise artha kI ora pravRtti hotI hai, yadyapi yaha ThIka hai ki mRga-marIcikA kI ora pravRtti hotI hai, kintu usakI mAnasika-saMkalpanA kabhI sArthaka nahIM hotI hai| pipAsu pAnI samajhakara pravRtti kara letA hai, 248 dekheM- nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 558-580, udadhRta-bauddha-pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA 249 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 624
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 201 kintu mAnasika-saMkalpanA se pyAsa zAnta nahIM hotii| punaH, jaise eka artharUpa agni hai tathA dUsarI anartharUpa krodhAgni hai| artharUpa agni yathArtha hotI hai, kyoMki isa agni meM jalane kI kriyA hotI hai, anna pakAyA jAtA hai, agni ke sparza se hAtha jala jAte haiM aadi| dUsare zabdoM meM, isakI kriyAe~ yathArtha hotI haiM, to isa artharUpI agni para yadi Apa krodhAgni kA upacAra karate haiM, to ApakA yaha kathana upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki krodhAgni meM yathArtha agni ke samAna lakSaNa nahIM hote haiN| yaha ThIka hai ki ghaTa kahate hI hamAre mastiSka meM sarvaprathama usakA eka AkAra banatA hai, mAnasika-saMkalpanA hotI hai, hamArI buddhi meM ghaTa nAma kA eka pratibimba utpanna hotA hai, kintu kyA usa saMkalpanArUpI ghaTa meM jala, ghRta, tela Adi padArtha bhare jA sakate haiM ? arthAt nahIM bhare jA sakate haiN| jaba hama kahate haiM ki yaha gAya hai, to hameM yaha artha-bodha hotA hai ki gAya nAma kA koI pazu hai, jabaki gAya kI mAnasika-saMkalpanA koI vAstavika vastu nahIM haiN| jJAta rahe ki vastu kA jo vAstavika lakSaNa hai, vaha bhUmi para sthita (bAhyArtha) ghaTa-paTa Adi yathArtha vastu meM hI hotA hai aura vaha kabhI bhI samAropa yA vikalpa kA viSaya banatA hI nahIM hai, ataH, zrotA kI pravRtti vAstavika padArtha kI ora hotI hai, avAstavika padArtha kI ora arthAt padArtha ke mAnasa-pratyaya (idea) kI ora pravRtti nahIM hotii| vAstavika agni kI ora pravRtti ho sakatI hai, kintu upacarita krodhAgni kI ora kabhI pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI, ataH, mAnasika-saMkalpanArUpI bAhyArtha para saMkalpanA ke AropaNa ko adhyavasAya kahanA, ApakA yaha siddhAMta khaNDita ho jAtA hai|250 'jainabhASA-darzana' meM vidvadvarya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina likhate haiM ki yadi bauddha-dArzanika isake pratyuttara meM yaha mAneM ki ayathArtha meM artha kA adhyavasAya karane se bAhya meM pravRtti hotI hai, to unakI yaha mAnyatA samucita nahIM hai| yadi isake viparIta, bAhyArtha ko grahaNa karane ko hI arthAdhyAsa kahate haiM, to isase jaina-mata kI hI puSTi hotI hai|251 __ bauddha-dArzanika jaina-mata kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki mArga meM calate vyakti ko sIpa meM rajata kA mithyA Aropa hotA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki usako mithyA 250 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 624, 625 251 jaina bhASAdarzana, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina, pR. 54
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________________ 202 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bhrama huA hai, kintu vaha usa rajata ko mithyA nahIM mAnatA hai, apitu rajata ko satya samajhakara hI usa ora pravRtti karatA hai, athavA usako prApta karane kA prayatna karatA hai, ataH, sIpa meM rajata kA Aropa hote hue bhI rajata ko cAhane vAle kI pravRtti to vAstavika rajata ke prati hI hotI hai|252 punaH, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki Apake siddhAMta meM prathama doSa to yaha hai ki sIpa cAhe rajatarUpa hai yA na bhI hai, kintu yaha satya tathya hai ki sIpa svayaM bhI to eka padArtha hai, isalie vaha artharUpa hai| jo artharUpa hote haiM, usameM hI indriyoM kI apaTutA se anya artha kA bhrama ho sakatA hai, yathA- 'yaha DhUMTha hai yA puruSa hai / yahA~ bhI manokalpanA se bane hue zabdArtharUpa vikalpa to artharUpa haiM hI nahIM, jisase unameM anya artha kA samAropa saMbhava ho sake ? kadAcit sIpa ko rajata samajhakara manuSya bhrama ke kAraNa usameM cAhe pravRtti kara bhI le, kintu aMta meM to sIpa kA sahI bodha hotA hI hai| usI prakAra, vikalparUpa anartha meM kadAcit bAhyArtha ghaTa-paTarUpa artha kA upacAra karake yadi koI pravRtti karegA- aisA mAna bhI leM, to bhI yaha samAropa bhrAntirUpa hI hai, isalie usameM pravRtta banA huA arthakriyA kA arthI puruSa kisa prakAra saphalatA ko prApta karegA ? jainAcArya kahate haiM ki isa prakAra, zabda kA vAcyArtha mAnasika-saMkalpanA nahIM hai, apitu bhU sthita ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha hI haiN| 255 Apa bauddha-dAzanikoM ne pUrva meM jo yaha kathana kiyA ki zabda aura apoha ke madhya mAtra kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hai, zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcakabhAva nahIM hai, ataH, kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ko hI vAcya-vAcakabhAva ke samAna samajha lenA cAhie, arthAt kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kA tAtparya bhI vAcya-vAcakabhAva ke samAna hI hai, ApakA yaha kathana anucita hai| yadi kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hI vAcya-vAcakabhAva ho, to zrotrendriya dvArA hone vAle jJAna meM pratibhAsita hotA huA zabda bhI svayaM ke pratibhAsa meM kAraNa banatA hI hai, jisase yaha zabda bhI svayaM ko hone vAle jJAna kA vAcaka banegA aura mana meM zrotra dvArA huA jJAna vAcya banegA, arthAt zabda zrotrajanya jJAna kA kAraNa aura zrotrajanya jJAna zabda kA kArya hone se zabda ko vAcaka aura zrotrajanya jJAna ko vAcya bananA cAhie, paraMtu ina donoM ke madhya vAcya-vAcakabhAva nahIM hai, ApakA yaha kathana ucita nahIM hai| punaH, zabda jaise manosaMkalpanA ke kAraNa 252 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 625 253 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 625
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA haiM, usI prakAra paraMparA se bhUsthita ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha bhI samAropa kA kAraNa haiM, isalie svalakSaNa arthAt bhUsthita ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha (vAcya hote hue bhI) kAraNa hone se Apake mata meM vAcaka baneMge aura aisA hone para mana meM vikalpa ko utpanna karane meM jitane kAraNa haiM, ve saba vAcaka baneMge, jisase pratiniyata vAcya-vAcakabhAva kI jo vyavasthA hai, vaha vinAza ko prApta ho jAegI, arthAt ghaTa zabda aura ghaTa padArtharUpa jo vAcya - vAcaka-vyavasthA isa saMsAra meM samasta prANImAtra ko anubhava se siddha hai, vaha samApta ho jAegI, isalie Apa bauddhoM ko yaha samajhanA cAhie ki zabda vAcaka hI haiM aura sAmAnya - vizeSAtmaka (ubhayAtmaka) padArtha hI vAcya hai tathA zabda jo haiM, ve svayaM meM rahI huI svAbhAvika zakti aura saMketaina donoM ke dvArA hI sAmAnya- vizeSAtmaka (ubhayAtmaka ) svabhAva vAle aise artha kA bodha karAne vAle haiM, yaha eka nizcita tathya hai / 250 bauddha-darzana ke apohavAda kI samIkSA bauddhoM ke apohavAda kA sAmAnya artha - - zabda aura artha ke saMbaMdha ko lekara bauddhadarzana meM anyApoha athavA usI ke saMkSipta rUpa, apoha kA siddhAMta prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bauddha- dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai ki zabda aura bAhyArtha meM koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai, kyoMki bAhyArtha svalakSaNarUpa hotA hai, sAtha hI vaha kSaNika evaM niraMza hotA hai| zabda meM kSaNika evaM niraMza svalakSaNa ke saMketa kI sAmarthya nahIM hai / 255 diGnAga ke anusAra, zabda vikalpa se utpanna hote haiM aura vikalpa zabda se utpanna hote haiM, ve donoM anyonyAzrita haiM / vikalpa meM svalakSaNarUpa 'artha' ko sparza karane kI bhI sAmarthya nahIM hai| 256 bauddhoM ke anusAra, zabda aura artha (padArtha) donoM eka-dUsare se bhinna haiM / zabda kAna se sunA jAtA hai aura artha A~kha se dekhA jAtA hai, ataH, zabda aura artha meM tAdAtmya - saMbaMdha aura tadutpatti-saMbaMdha saMbhava nahIM hai, 257 kintu phira prazna yaha uThatA hai ki zabda kA vAcyArtha (Meaning) kyA hai ? isI ko spaSTa karane 254 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 626 255 'tatra svalakSaNaM tAvanna zabdaiH pratipAdyate / - tattvasaMGgraha, pR. 871 256 vikalpayonayaH zabdAH, vikalpAH zabdonayaH / kAryakAraNatA teSAM nArthaM zabdAH spRzanyapi / / diGnAg, uddhata Buddhist Logic, Vol 2.P. 405, F.N.I 257 zrotrendriyeNa zabdo gRhyate, arthastu cakSurAdinA / tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA 1512, pR. 538 -- 203
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ke lie bauddhoM ne anyApoha kA siddhAMta prastuta kiyA hai| anyApoha kA artha kiyA hai- atadvyAvRtti / udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, go zabda go se bhinna, arthAt ago kI vyAvRtti yA niSedha karake apanA artha yA abhiprAya prakaTa karatA hai| 28 isa prakAra, apoha kA artha, vastu jo hai use batAnA nahIM, apitu vastu jo nahIM hai, usakA niSedha kara denA hI hai| isa prakAra,, apoha niSedhAtmaka hai| vaha atad kA niSedha karatA hai| isa prakAra, go zabda kA artha hai- vaha mahiSa, azva, U~Ta Adi nahIM hai| bauddha - dArzanika go zabda kA artha go se bhinna ago kA pratiSedha yA niSedha hI mAnate haiN| 259 apoha kA yaha sAmAnya artha usake niSedhAtmaka svarUpa ko prakaTa karatA hai, kintu bauddhadarzana meM kucha AcArya aise bhI hue haiM, jo ise bhAvAtmaka mAnate haiM, ataH, unakI dRSTi meM cAhe anyApoha niSedhAtmaka pratIta hotA hai, kintu usakI dhvani to bhAvAtmaka hI hai| vastu kyA hai ? yaha jAnane ke lie sarvaprathama yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki vaha kyA nahIM hai| bauddha - dArzanika ratnakIrti (10 vIM zatAbdI) likhate haiM ki apoha dvArA zabda kA kevala vidhirUpa artha apekSita nahIM hai aura na kevala anyavyAvRttirUpa niSedha artha hI abhipreta hai, apitu anyavyAvRttipUrvaka viziSTa vidhirUpa artha hI abhipreta hai | 260 dUsare zabdoM meM, apoha zabda na to ekAntarUpa se vidhirUpa hai aura na ekAntarUpa se niSedhAtmaka hai| apoha zabda jAti kI kalpanA kI apekSA se kalpanArUpa hai, kintu anya kA niSedha karane kI apekSA se yA anyavyAvRtti kI apekSA se na ekAntataH vidhirUpa hai, aura na ekAntataH niSedharUpa hai, vastutaH vaha vidhi - niSedharUpa hai, kyoki pratyeka vidhAna meM niSedha aura pratyeka niSedha meM vidhAna nihita hI hai / upasaMhAra 204 - isa prakAra,, hama dekhate haiM ki ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM ke apohavAda kA tArkika - dRSTi se prastutikaraNa kara usakA khaMDana kiyA hai aura yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki bauddhadarzana kA apohavAda mukhyataH zabda aura usake vAcyArtha ke saMbaMdha ko lekara hI prastuta hotA hai / bauddhoM ke samakSa mImAMsA kA zabda aura artha kA tAdAtmya - saMbaMdha aura naiyAyikoM kA 258 svArthamanyApohena bhASete / 259 pramANa - samuccaya 5.1, uddhata - tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA 529 prasajya pratiSedhazca gaura gaurna bhavatyayam / ativispaSTa evAyamanyApoho'vagamyate / / tattvasaMgraha 1009 - 260 nAsmAbhirapohazabdena vidhireva kevalo'bhipretaH nApyanyAvyAvRttimAtram / kintvanyApoha viziSTo vidhiH zabdAnAmarthaH / ratnakIrttinibandhAvali, pR. 54
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA tadutpatti-saMbaMdha upasthita the, kintu unakI kaThinAI yaha thI ki zabda aura artha meM na to ve tAdAtmya - saMbaMdha ko svIkAra kara sakate the aura na hI tadutpatti - saMbaMdha ko svIkAra kara sakate the, kyoMki unheM ye donoM hI saMbaMdha tArkika - dRSTi se sadoSa hI pratIta ho rahe the / yadyapi unake samakSa jainoM kA vAcya - vAcaka- saMbaMdha bhI upasthita rahA hogA, kintu unakA kSaNikavAda kA siddhAMta isake bhI virodha meM jAtA thaa| cUMki sattA kSaNika hai, to aisI sthiti meM zabda aura artha meM vAcya - vAcaka - saMbaMdha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi zabda kisI jAti kA bhI vAcaka hai, to usa jAti ko kSaNajIvI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, ataH, zabda sAmAnya yA jAti kA vAcaka hai, yaha kahanA bhI kaThina hai| jAti kI kalpanA bhAvAtmaka hai, jabaki apoha kI kalpanA niSedhAtmaka hai / yadyapi bauddha - dArzanika zabda meM vAcaka-zakti ko cAhe avyakta rUpa se svIkAra bhI kara leM, kintu unakI samasyA yaha hai ki zabda kA vAcya - viSaya to kSaNika aura niraMza svalakSaNa hai, jo kisI bhI sthiti meM vAcaka nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jisa zabda dvArA use vAcya banAyA jAegA, usake uccAraNa-kAla meM hI vaha naSTa ho jAegA, ataH, kSaNika aura niraMza svalakSaNa meM saMketa grahaNa honA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| sAtha hI, jaba bauddhoM kA sAmAnya bhI kAlpanika hai, to phira sAmAnya kAlpanika meM hI zabda - saMketa grahaNa saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki sAmAnya avasturUpa hone se arthakriyA meM samartha nahIM hai / yadi yaha mAnA jAe ki zabda asAMketika artha ko vAcya banAte haiM, to yaha kathana bhI Atma-virodhI siddha hogaa| aisI sthiti meM bauddhoM kI yaha majabUrI thI ki ve kevala yaha mAneM ki zabda anya kA apoha yA niSedha mAtra karatA hai| vastutaH, bauddhoM kA yaha anyApoha kA siddhAMta unake kSaNikavAda kA hI tArkika - pratiphalana thA / yahI kAraNa thA ki jaina- dArzanika akalaMka, vidyAnaMdI, vAdidevasUri, ratnaprabhasUri Adi ne apohavAda kA nirasana kara yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki zabda 'go' 'ago kI nivRtti karane ke sAtha hI usake gotva kA pratipAdana bhI karatA hai, isalie zabda kA vAcya viSaya sAmAnya- vizeSAtmaka pariNAmI - nitya vastu hI hai - aisA mAnanA hI ucita hogaa| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM saMketa kara cuke haiM, ratnakIrtti Adi kucha bauddha - dArzanikoM ne bhI anyApoha ko kevala niSedharUpa na mAnakara vidhi - niSedharUpa mAnA hai, kyoMki yadi anyApoha ko ekAntarUpa se niSedhaparaka hI mAnA jAegA, to zabda se jana-sAdhAraNa kI artha meM pravRtti saMbhava nahIM hogI, athavA zabda ko kisI anya artha meM pravRtti karane ke lie kahA jAe aura usakI pravRtti kisI anya artha meM ho jAe, 205
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA isIlie jaina- dArzanikoM ne zabda aura artha meM vAcya - vAcaka-saMbaMdha mAnate hue yaha mAnA hai ki zabda apane artha ke pratipAdana meM vidhi - niSedharUpa hotA hai| isa saMdarbha meM DaoN. dharmacaMda jaina kA nimna kathana hI hameM adhika upayukta jAna par3atA hai| ve likhate haiM 'yaha mAnanA upayukta hogA ki pratyeka zabda jisa prakAra vidhi artha kA vAcaka hotA hai, usI prakAra vaha usase anya kA apoha bhI karatA hai tathA anya kA apoha yA atadvyAvRtti karatA huA vidhi yA tad kA vAcaka bhI hotA hai, kyoMki mAtra anyApoha se zabda dvArA vivakSA kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / anyApoha meM anavasthA - doSa AtA hai aura kahIM na kahIM jAkara zabda kA vAcya artha mAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / vidhiparaka artha bhI paryApta nahIM hai, kyoMki tadbhinna kI vyAvRtti karake hI koI zabda apane vAcya - artha kA samyak - jJAna karA sakatA hai, anyathA nahIM 1281 206 261 bauddha-pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacaMda jaina, pR. 351
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya 7 bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa - pratyakSa kA khaNDana aura pramANa kI nizcayAtmakatA kA pratipAdana 207 pramANa - lakSaNa ke antargata prayukta 'vyavasAya' zabda kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA gayA hai tadvyavasAyasvabhAvaM samAropa paripanthitvAt. pramANatvAd vA / / 7 / / 262 isa sUtra kA artha spaSTa karate hue kahA gayA hai ki pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka ( nizcayAtmaka) hotA hai, kyoMki vaha samAropa arthAt ajJAna, saMzaya aura viparyaya kA virodhI hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka hai, kyoMki vaha pramANa hai| AcArya ratnaprabhasUri sarvaprathama isa sUtra meM prayukta pramANa, vyavasAya evaM samAropa - ina zabdoM kA artha spaSTa karate haiM, isa sambandha meM ve likhate haiM 1. pramANa, arthAt prAmANika - jJAna / 2. vyavasAyAtmaka, arthAt nizcayAtmaka -- jJAna / 3. samAropa - paripaMthI, arthAt saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita hokara jo vastu jaisI hai, usako usI rUpa meM anadhyavasAya ( ajJAna) se rahita jJAna / prastuta sUtra meM sarvaprathama yaha spaSTa kiyA gayA hai ki pramANa kyA hai? jo jJAna samAropa arthAt mithyAropaNa kA virodhI (paripaMthI) ho, vaha pramANa hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, jo jJAna saMzaya, viparyaya aura yathAvasthita jJAna pradAna karAtA hai, vaha pramANa kahalAtA hai, athavA jo jJAna vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa kA nizcayAtmaka-bodha karAtA hai, vaha pramANa kahalAtA hai| sUtra ke anta meM AyA huA 'vA' zabda saMyojaka hai| yahA~ pramANa ke do lakSaNa die gae haiM, eka 'vyavasAyI tathA dUsarA 'samAropa - paripaMthI / ye donoM hI lakSaNa 262 dekheM - pramANanayatattvAloka, vAdIdevasUri, pR. 5
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA 263 svataMtra rUpa se pramANa kI samyak - nizcayAtmakatA ko siddha karane meM samartha haiM / ratnAkarAvatArikA meM nimna anumAna ke AdhAra para bhI pramANa kI vyavasAyAtmakatA ko siddha kiyA gayA hai- 1. pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka ( nizcayAtmaka) hotA hai, kyoMki vaha samAropa arthAt saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya kA virodhI hai| jo jJAna samAropa kA virodhI nahIM hotA, vaha nizcayAtmaka bhI nahIM hotA hai, jaise- yaha ghaTa hai yA paTa hai- aisA saMzayAtmaka - jnyaan| 2. dUsare, pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka ( nizcayAtmaka) hai, kyoMki vaha pramANa hai| jo vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA, vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hotA, jaise- yaha ghaTa hai yA paTa hai Adi aisA anizcayAtmaka - jJAna 1264 208 isa sUtra meM ullekhita pramANa kI vyavasAyAtmakatA ke AdhAra para ratnaprabhasUra bauddha - darzana ke nirvikalpa - pratyakSa kA khaNDana karate haiM evaM jaina- darzana ke pramANa kI nizcayAtmakatA ko siddha karate haiN| ratnaprabhasUra dvArA bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa - pratyakSa kI samIkSA bauddha - darzana ke anusAra, nirvikalpa - pratyakSa pramANarUpa hai, kintu jainoM kA kahanA hai ki nirvikalpa - pratyakSa to mAtra anubhUtirUpa hotA hai, nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotA hai, ataH, vaha pramANarUpa nahIM ho sakatA, jaina-darzana to pramANa ko nizcayAtmaka mAnatA hai / pramANa kI nizcayAtmakatA ko anAvazyaka batAte hue bauddha - dArzanika sarvaprathama yaha prazna uThAte haiM ki Apake dvArA, arthAt jaina-darzana ke dvArA mAnya pramANa kI nizcayAtmakatA kA siddhAnta Apake hI dvArA mAnya avagraha kI jJAnarUpatA se aMzataH to khaNDita ho jAtA hai| hamAre (bauddhoM) dvArA mAnya nIlAdi raMgoM kA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa to Apake dvArA mAnya 'avagraha' ke samAna hI hotA hai| vikalparahita nIlAdi raMgoM kA yaha pratyakSa- jJAna pramANarUpa to hotA hI hai, cAhe vaha nizcayAtmaka nahIM ho| anubhava meM jo bhI AtA hai, vaha prathamataH nirvikalpa hI hotA hai, jaise Apake dvArA mAnya avagraha vyavasAyAtmaka yA nizcayAtmaka nahIM hote hue bhI jJAnarUpa hai aura jJAna hI pramANa hai| isa prakAra, se, Apake dvArA mAnya pramANa meM bhI eka deza se arthAt aMzataH hamAre dvArA mAnya nirvikalpatA to rahI huI hai, ataH, pramANa - lakSaNa meM vyavasAyAtmakatA Avazyaka nahIM hai| 263 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 50 264 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 50
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 209 jaina- isa para, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki eka ora Apa nIlAdi raMgoM ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnate haiM, kintu dUsarI ora use vyavasAyAtmaka (nizcayAtmaka) nahIM mAnate haiM - ApakA yaha kathana hameM ucita nahIM lagatA hai| nirvikalpa-pratyakSa anubhUtirUpa to ho sakatA hai, jaise - hamAre dvArA (jainoM dvArA) mAnya 'darzana', kintu vaha vyavasAyAtmaka (nizcayAtmaka) nahIM ho sakatA, ataH, vaha pramANa nahIM hai| usa anubhavarUpa bodha kI nizcayAtmakatA kA jJAna Apako kaunase pratyakSa se hotA hai ? kyA indriya-pratyakSa se hotA hai ? yA mAnasa-pratyakSa se ? athavA yogaja-pratyakSa se hotA hai ? kiMvA svasaMvedanarUpa-pratyakSa se hotA hai ? yahA~ jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kA kahanA hai ki 1. nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI pramANarUpatA kA jJAna indriya-pratyakSa se to saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM kisI prakAra kA vikalpa (nirNaya) to hotA hI nahIM hai| indriyoM meM mAtra bodha-sAmarthya hai, vikalpa (nirNaya) sAmarthya nahIM hai| yaha aisA hI hai- aisA nirNaya sAmarthya indriyoM meM nahIM hai, ataH, ve apane viSaya kA arthAt padArtha kA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna prApta karane meM samartha nahIM haiN| 2. dUsare, jo padArtha indriyoM dvArA grAhya hotA hai. vahI padArtha mAnasa-pratyakSa kA bhI viSaya banatA hai| ataH, vikalpa (nirNaya) ke abhAva meM mAtra mAnasa-pratyakSa se bhI nizcayAtmaka nahIM ho sktaa| mAnasa-pratyakSa se bhI nizyAtmaka-jJAna to tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba kisI bhI padArtha kA indriyoM dvArA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna ho, arthAt yaha aisA hI hai- aisA vikalpAtmaka yA nirNayAtmaka-bodha hai, kintu Apake (bauddha) matAnusAra to savikalpa-jJAna to pratyakSa kA viSaya hai hI nahIM, vaha to anumAna kA viSaya hai, ataH, Apake mAnasa-pratyakSa se bhI savikalpa arthAt nizcayAtmaka-jJAna saMbhava nahIM hai| 3. tIsare, yogaja-pratyakSa se bhI nizcayAtmaka-jJAna arthAt savikalpa jJAna hotA hai- aisA kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yogI to vikalpa karatA hI nahIM hai, vaha to nirvikalpa hI rahatA hai| 4. cauthe, yadi Apa svasaMvedana se nizcayAtmaka-jJAna mAneM, to yaha prazna uThatA hai ki Apa (bauddha) svasaMvedana ko, arthAt kisI bhI vastu ke svasaMvedanarUpa svarUpopadarzana ko pramANa kahate haiM, yA 'yaha nirvikalpa-bodha hai- aise vikalpa ke utpAdaka ko pramANa kahate haiM ? vastu ke svarUpadarzana ke dvArA jo anubhUtirUpa svasaMvedana hotA hai, vaha bhI nirvikalpa hotA hai, ataH, vaha bhI nizcayAtmaka nahIM hai| yadi Apa usa svasaMvedanarUpa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM, to phira kSaNa-kSayI, arthAt
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________________ 210 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA pratyeka kSaNa naSTa hone vAle padArtha ko evaM ahiMsA, dAna Adi meM svarga prApta karAne kI zakti hai- isako bhI pramANa mAnanA pdd'egaa| bauddha-darzana sirpha anubhUti ko pratyakSa mAnatA hai, sAtha hI vaha anubhUtirUpa nIle raMga Adi pratyeka viSaya ke pratyakSa ko niraMza mAnatA hai| jisa samaya nIle raMga Adi kA jo pratyakSa hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa to anubhUtirUpa hotA hai, arthAt usameM nIle raMga kA anubhavamAtra hotA hai, kintu nIle raMga kA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna nahIM hotA hai| nIle raMga kA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna to tabhI ho sakatA hai, jaba usI samaya nIle raMga ke virodhI kisI raMga kA jJAna bhI ho, kyoMki pratipakSI-raMga ke abhAva kA nirNaya karake hI, yathA- yaha zveta raMga nahIM hai, yaha kAlA raMga nahIM hai, yA yaha pIlA raMga nahIM hai, apitu nIlA raMga hI hai - isa prakAra, kA savikalpa-jJAna hotA hai, ataH, vastu ke svarUpa nirNaya hetu savikalpa-jJAna kA honA Avazyaka hotA hai| jaba pratikSaNa kSaya hone vAle nIle raMga se bhinna anya raMgoM kA anubhava yA una aneka raMgoM kA jJAna hamArI smRti meM hogA, tabhI yaha nIlA raMga hI hai- aisA savikalpAtmaka yA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna ho sakatA hai| vastutaH, bauddha-dArzanika mAtra nIle raMga kI anubhUti ko pratyakSa-pramANa mAnate haiM aura pratikSaNa naSTa hone vAle padArtha ke bodha ko anumAna dvArA saMbhava mAnate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, vikalpAtmaka-jJAna ko anumAna dvArA siddha karate haiN| jaina - AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki jisa samaya jisa vastu kA pratyakSa hotA hai, usI samaya usameM usa vastu se bhinna anya vastuoM arthAt padArthoM ke vikalpoM kA niSedha (nirasana) bhI ho jAtA hai| yaha nIlA raMga hI hai, aisA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna anya vikalpoM ke niSedha ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH, pratyakSa savikalpa hI hotA hai| Apa bauddha-dArzanika jaba saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu ko kSaNika mAnate haiM, to phira Apako ahiMsA evaM dAna Adi dhArmika kriyAoM ke svarUpa-prApti Adi rUpaphala ko bhI kSaNika mAnanA caahie| yadi ahiMsA evaM dAnAdi dhArmika kriyAe~ kSaNika haiM, to phira ahiMsA evaM dAna Adi kriyAe~ nirvANa yA svarga-prApti ke sAdhana haiM- yaha kahanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hogA, kyoMki nirvANa (mokSa) yA svarga kA pratyakSa jJAna to ho nahIM sktaa| usakA jJAna 265 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 51 266 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnAprabhasUri, pR. 51, 52
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 211 to hama mAtra anumAna se hI prApta kara sakate haiN| yadi nirvANa (mokSa) kA pratyakSa honA saMbhava mAnA jAegA, to phira cArvAka-darzana ko, jo pratyakSa-pramANa se siddha nahIM hone ke kAraNa nirvANa yA svarga ke astitva ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai, use bhI mokSa yA svarga ko svIkAra kara lenA caahie| jJAtavya hai ki cAhe mokSa yA svarga kA indriyoM ke mAdhyama se pratyakSa jJAna na bhI ho, phira bhI vaha atIndriya-jJAna hone se nizcayAtmaka-jJAna hI hai| pratyeka padArtha bhAvAtmaka evaM abhAvAtmaka- aise do dharmoM se yukta hotA hai| jisa samaya hameM kisI vastu ke nIle raMga kA pratyakSa yA bodha hotA hai, usI samaya usa nIle raMga ke virodhI raMgoM kA bodha (jJAna yA anubhava) bhI hamArI smRti meM rahatA hai, tabhI yaha nIlA raMga hI hai, anya lAla, pIlA Adi raMga nahIM haiM- aisA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna kara sakate haiN| isa prakAra, se, jaba ahiMsA evaM dAna Adi dhArmika-kriyAoM kA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna hotA hai, usI samaya unase prApta hone vAle mokSa yA svarga kA bhI nizcayAtmaka-jJAna hotA hai| isa prakAra, se, niraMzavAdI bauddha-darzana ke svasaMvedana se vastu ke svarUpa kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai- yaha yuktisaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai| pratikSaNa naSTa hone vAlI vastu kA nizcayAtmaka-jJAna yA ahiMsA ke pAlana yA dAnAdi kI kriyAoM meM svarga prApta karAne kI zakti hai - aisA jJAna nirvikalpa-pratyakSa se saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH, ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM- kyoMki nirvikalpa-pratyakSa nizcayAtmaka-jJAna (vyavasAyAtmaka-jJAna) pradAna karane meM samartha nahIM hai, ataH, vaha pramANa bhI nahIM hai| jaina - punaH, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanikoM se kahate haiM ki 'yaha nirvikalpa-bodha hai - aise vikalpa ke utpAdaka jJAna ko Apa pramANa kahate haiM, yA vastu ke svarUpa-darzana dvArA jo anubhUtirUpa svasaMvedana hotA hai, use pramANa kahate haiM ? yadi usa svasaMvedanarUpa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM, to hameM ApakA yaha pakSa ucita nahIM lagatA hai, kyoMki nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM, arthAt sarvathA vikalparahita anirNayAtmaka prathama bodha meM jaba hama prathama bAra nIle raMga ko dekhate haiM, to usakA sarvaprathama bodha (darzana) hotA hai, phira hama jAnate haiM ki aisA raMga nIlA hotA hai| nIle raMga ke darzana ke pazcAt, yaha nIlA raMga hai- aisA jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha 267 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 52 268 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 52
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________________ 212 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA nizcayAtmaka hI hotA hai| isake pazcAt bhI, jaba kabhI punaH usI prakAra ke nIle raMga ko hama dekhate haiM, to, aisA raMga nIlA hotA hai- aisA jo vizeSa jJAna hotA hai, vaha jJAna nizcayAtmaka rUpa se hI hotA hai| vaha jJAna nirNayAtmaka yA vikalparUpa hone se savikalpa-pratyakSa hI huA, vaha nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kahA~ rhaa| aisA anubhUtirUpa svasaMvedana nizcayAtmaka hone para hI pramANarUpa hotA hai, ata:, nirvikalpAtmaka-pratyakSa pramANa nahIM ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra 'yaha nirvikalpa-bodha hai- aise vikalpa kA utpAdaka jJAna bhI savikalpa hone se hI pramANa hogA, mAtra nirvikalpa-svasaMvedana pramANa nahIM ho sakatA hai| punaH, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki svasaMvedanarUpa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko yadi Apa vikalpa se pramANa siddha karanA cAheM, to bhI yaha saMbhava nahIM hai| dUsare, yadi Apa svasaMvedanarUpa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa se hI usake pramANa (jJAna ke prAmANya yA nizcayAtmakatA) kI siddhi kareMge, to kyA mAtra vastu ke svarUpa-darzana se hI siddhi hogI ? yA dUsare kisI vikalpa (nirNaya) ko utpanna karane se siddhi hogI ? prathamataH, svarUpopadarzana kI anubhUtirUpa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa se hI prAmANya kI siddhi mAneM, to Apake siddhAnta ke anusAra usameM sabase pahalA doSa kSaNikatA kA hogA, kyoMki kSaNa-kSayI, arthAt pratyeka kSaNa naSTa hone vAle padArtha kA jJAna pramANa kaise hogA, yA ahiMsA dAnAdi meM svarga prApta karAne kI zakti hai- aisA jJAna pramANa kaise hogA? Apake matAnusAra, prathama kSaNa ke pazcAt dUsare kSaNa meM vastu naSTa ho jAtI hai, to phira Apa nirvANa yA svarga ko akSaya kaise mAneMge? dUsare, yadi yaha kahate haiM ki nae-nae vikalpoM ke utpanna hone se, athavA yaha kaho ki eka ke pazcAt eka vikalpa ke utpanna hone se prAmANya kI siddhi hotI hai, to phira to eka vikalpa ko utpanna karane ke lie dUsare vikalpa kI tathA dUsare vikalpa ko utpanna karane ke lie tIsare vikalpa kI AvazyakatA hogii| isase to anavasthA-doSa ho jAegA aura isa prakAra, se svasaMvedanarUpa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI pramANarUpatA kI siddhi saMbhava nahIM hai| isase to Apake pakSa kA AMzika khaNDana ho hI jAtA hai, isalie hama jo yaha kahate haiM ki pramANarUpa jJAna vyavasAyAtmaka hI hotA hai, yaha siddhAMta kisI prakAra se khaNDita nahIM ho sakatA, kAraNa spaSTa hai ki nIle raMga Adi ke jJAna ko Apa avyavasAyAtmakatA (anizcayAtmakatA) 269 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 52
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA siddha kara hI nahIM skte| nirvikalpa - pratyakSa kA prAmANya bhI usake vyavasAyAtmaka - jJAna ( nizcayAtmaka - jJAna ) hone para hI hotA hai, ataH, savikalpa (nizcayAtmaka) jJAna hI pramANa hotA hai| 270 bauddha nirvikalpa - bodha ke prAmANya kI puSTi karate hue bauddha- dArzanika AcArya ratnaprabhasUri se kahate haiM ki yadi nirvikalpa - pratyakSa ko pramANarUpa nahIM mAnA jAegA, to phira vaha pramANarUpatA vikalpa ke sAtha utpanna ho hI nahIM sakatI hai, kyoMki eka vikalpa dUsare vikalpa ke sAtha utpanna nahIM hotA hai, jabaki hamAre siddhAntAnusAra nirvikalpa - pratyakSa to vikalpa ke sAtha bhI utpanna ho sakatA hai, isalie pramANa vikalparUpa na hokara nirvikalpa - pratyakSarUpa hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki jisa samaya hama azva ko pratyakSa dekhate haiM, yA azva se sAkSAtkAra hotA hai, usa samaya hama indriya (cakSurindriya) ke dvArA go kA bhI pratyakSIkaraNa kara sakate haiM, athavA hamArI cetanA meM go kI smRti bhI raha sakatI hai| yadi hama azva kA savikalpa - jJAna prApta karate haiM, usa samaya gAya kA smaraNa yA pratyakSa na ho, to kAlAntara meM go kI smRti bhI nahIM rhegii| isa prakAra, uparyukta anumAna se nirvikalpa - pratyakSa ko pramANa mAnane ke lie usake vyavasAyAtmaka hone kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / isa prakAra,, vyavasAyAtmaka -- jJAna hI pramANa hotA hai- isa kathana se ApakA kathana khaNDita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki 'go pratyakSa - nirvikalpa - bodha pratyakSa hokara bhI vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA hai, ataH hamArA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa hI pramANa ho sakatA hai 1271 jaina isa para, jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki jisa samaya gAya kA pratyakSa hotA hai, usa samaya usameM azva Adi vikalpoM kA niSedha bhI hotA hai| 'yaha gAya hai- aisA nizcaya anya vikalpoM ke niSedha ke binA saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH pratyakSa savikalpa hI hotA hai / punaH, yadi pratyakSa ko savikalpa arthAt vyavasAyAtmaka yA nizcayAtmaka na mAnA jAe, to phira kAlAntara meM usa pratyakSa kI smRti bhI saMbhava nahIM hogI / kAlAntara ke go-darzana meM pUrva-pratyakSa kA smaraNa hone se pratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka arthAt nizcayAtmaka hI mAnanA hogaa| Apa bauddha - dArzanika svayaM hI yaha mAnate haiM ki kSaNika nirvikalpa - pratyakSa saMskArajanaka nahIM bana 270 271 - ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 52 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 54 213
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________________ 214 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA sakatA hai, arthAt nIle raMga se bhinna raMgoM kA kSaNika nirvikalpa-pratyakSa hote hue bhI vaha saMskArajanaka nahIM bana sakatA hai| usI prakAra, go-darzana meM nirvikalpa-pratyakSa bhI saMskAra ko utpanna nahIM karatA hai| go-darzana ke bAda jo usakI smRti hotI hai, vaha smRti saMskAra ke binA saMbhava nahIM ho sakatI aura saMskAra kA nirmANa pratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka yA nizcayAtmaka mAneM binA saMbhava nahIM hai| smRti aura saMskAra kSaNika nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM saMbhava nahIM ho sakate haiN| pratikSaNa vinazvara svabhAva vAle padArtha kA kathana karate samaya smaraNa yA saMskAra hI kArya karate haiM aura saMskAra vikalpAtmaka hI hote haiM, ataH, Apa bauddha logoM ko pramANa ko vyavasAyAtmaka hI mAnanA caahie| nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM saMskAra aura smRti kA abhAva hone se vyApti-saMbaMdha kI sthApanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hogii| isa prakAra, isa sambandha meM anumAna-pramANa bhI ghaTita nahIM hogA, ataH, pratyakSa kA prAmANya usake vyavasAyAtmaka hone para hI saMbhava hai| bauddha - isake uttara meM bauddha AcArya ratnaprabhasUri se kahate haiM ki abhyAsa, prakaraNa, buddhi kI paTutA (cAturya) aura arthitva- ina kAraNoM ke sahakAra se nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM bhI go-darzana ke pazcAt smRti aura saMskAra saMbhava ho sakate haiM, kintu yahA~ ratnaprabhasUri kA kathana hai ki pratikSaNa vinazvara padArtha meM abhyAsa, prakaraNa, buddhi-cAturya aura arthitva- ina kAraNoM kA abhAva hone se smRti evaM saMskAra saMbhava nahIM ho skte| jaina - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki Apane jo kahA ki abhyAsa, prakaraNa, buddhi cAturya evaM arthitva- ye cAra nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM vikalpa utpAdaka hokara nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko nirNayAtmaka yA nizcayAtmaka banA dete haiM, kintu ApakA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| Apa bhUyodarzana arthAt abhyAsa se nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko pramANarUpa hone kI puSTi kara rahe haiM, arthAt kisI bhI vastu ko punaH-punaH dekhane se abhyAsa ke kAraNa usako nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM bhI usake svarUpa kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM hama jainoM kA tarka yaha hai ki bhUyodarzanarUpa abhyAsa bhI pUrvAnubhUta viSaya kI smRtirUpa hI to hai, jabaki Apa to smRti ko pramANa mAnate hI nahIM haiN| isake pratyuttara meM bauddha kahate haiM- mAna lo hamane pUrva meM kabhI nIle raMga ko dekhA ho aura 272 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 54 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 55
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA usake pazcAt bhI aneka bAra nIle raMga ko dekhane kA prasaMga AyA ho, bAra-bAra nIle raMga ke dekhane se, arthAt bhUyodarzanarUpa abhyAsa se usa nIle raMga kI smRti hamAre mastiSka meM saMskArita ho jAtI hai, pariNAmasvarUpa jaba kabhI bhI nIle raMga ko dekheMge, to pUrvAnubhUta nIle raMga ke saMskAra se varttamAna ke nIle raMga se tulanA kara turaMta hI yaha nirNaya ho jAtA hai ki kAle, lAla, pIle Adi anya raMgoM se bhinna yaha nIlA raMga hI hai, yA nIlA raMga aisA hI hotA hai| yadyapi hamAre ye saMskAra itanI tvarita gati se hote haiM ki hama zIghra hI usake nIle raMga hone ke nizcaya para pahu~ca jAte haiM, yahI nirvikalpa - pratyakSa vikalpotpAdaka hokara pramANarUpa ho jAtA hai| 274 punaH, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM- yaha ThIka hai ki jisa kSaNa hamane, yaha nIlA raMga hI hai- aisA nirNaya kiyA, yaha nirNaya bhUyodarzanarUpa abhyAsa se huA / nirvikalpa - pratyakSa meM abhyAsa ke vikalpotpAdaka hone se vaha pratyakSa-pramANarUpa ho jAtA hai| yaha jo Apane (bauddhoM ne) tarka diyA hai, yaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki isake anusAra to pramANa savikalpAtmaka hI huA / isake pratyuttara meM bauddha kahate haiM- hama to yaha kahate haiM ki hamArA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa hI abhyAsa Adi se vikalpotpAdaka hotA hai, kintu pratyakSa to nirvikalpa hI hotA hai| Apake darzana meM bhI avagraha Adi jJAnarUpa hote hue bhI anirNayAtmaka hai, usI prakAra hamArA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa pramANarUpa hote hue bhI anirNayAtmaka hai| vikalpa pratyakSa se nahIM, varan abhyAsa Adi se hotA hai| 275 punaH jainAcArya bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki ApakA dUsarA tarka prakaraNa hai / prastuta prasaMga meM prakaraNa zabda saMdarbha kA sUcaka hai| koI bhI jJAna saMdarbha ke binA nahIM hotA hai| kSaNa- vinazvara svabhAva vAle padArtha kA kathana karate samaya bhI usakI kSaNikatA kA saMdarbha bhI upasthita hI rahatA hai, kyoMki koI bhI kathana prakaraNa arthAt saMdarbha ke abhAva meM saMbhava nahIM hotA hai| kathana ke samaya prakaraNa (sandarbha) sahakArI hotA hai aura vaha savikalpa hI hogA / buddhipATava kI apekSA se bhI nIla Adi ke bodha ke samaya kSaNikatva kA bhI bodha rahatA hI hai aura yaha bodha nirvikalpa na hokara savikalpa yA nizcayAtmaka hI hotA hai / punaH, Apake mata meM nIla Adi ko pratyakSa - niraMza mAnA gayA hai, ataH, nIla Adi ke pratyakSa ke samaya unakI kSaNikatA kA bhI 274 275 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 56 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 56 215
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________________ 216 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA pratyakSa hotA hI hai| yadi aisA nahIM mAneM, to nIla Adi ke bodha meM baddhi pATava aura kSaNikatA ke bodha meM buddhi ko apATava mAnanA hogA aura isa prakAra, nIla Adi padArthoM meM aura unakI kSaNikatA meM abheda ke sthAna para bheda ho jaaegaa| niraMza-vastu ke saMdarbha meM eka aMza kA smaraNa aura eka aMza kA asmaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra, yadi pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hogA, kSaNikatva Adi kI anubhUti ke abhAva meM vaha smRti kA hetu bhI nahIM bnegaa| Apa bauddhoM ke mata meM azva ke vikalpa ke samaya go kA darzana yA go kA vikalpa vyavasAyazUnya hogA, kintu azva-vikalpa ke samaya go kA anusmaraNa yA vikalpa to hotA hI hai, kyoMki usake abhAva meM apoha ke mAdhyama se go kA nirAkaraNa karake azva kA vikalpa bhI nahIM hotaa| go aura azva meM bheda karanA saMbhava nahIM hogaa| isa prakAra, azva vikalpa ke samaya go kA anusmaraNa bhI vyavasAyAtmaka hI hogaa| isa prakAra, yahI siddha hotA hai ki pratyakSa nirvikalpa na hokara, arthAt darzanarUpa na hokara vyavasAyAtmaka hI hotA hai|16 AcArya ratnaprabhasari bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki ApakA tIsarA tarka yaha hai ki buddhi-cAturya se nirvikalpa-pratyakSa artha ko jAna letA hai| Apa jo yaha kahate haiM ki kSaNa-kSayI padArtha evaM nIlAdi raMga- ye donoM hI buddhi ke samakSa samAna hI hote haiM, buddhi hI vikalpa-utpAdaka hai, kintu ApakA yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki buddhi svayaM to donoM ko alaga-alaga hI jAnegI, jabaki Apa to pratyeka padArtha ko niraMza (samagra) mAnate ho| yadi Apa niraMza nahIM mAneM, to buddhi usakA jJAna kaise karegI ? buddhi se to nIlAdi raMgoM kA jJAna samagrarUpeNa hotA hai, vaha khaNDa-khaNDa karake jJAna nahIM karatI hai| yahA~ AcArya ratnaprabha bauddhoM se punaH prazna karate haiM ki yadi Apa yaha tarka dete haiM ki buddhi-sAmarthya se niraMza (samagra) vastu kA bhI jJAna hotA hai evaM kSaNa-kSayI vastu kA bhI jJAna hotA hai, to phira donoM meM bheda kauna karatA hai ? bheda se to donoM meM virodha ho jAegA, ataH, hamAre siddhAntAnusAra buddhi donoM kA abhedarUpa se savikalpAtmaka nizcayAtmaka-jJAna karatI hai| ApakA jo yaha tarka hai ki buddhi-cAtarya se nirvikalpa-pratyakSa se buddhi ke dvArA nirNayAtmaka-jJAna hotA hai ? yaha ucita nahIM hai| 276 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 56 sA ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 56
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 217 nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI pramANarUpatA kI siddhi meM bauddha-dArzanika dvArA diyA gayA cauthA tarka arthitva (prayojana) bhI jainoM ko ucita nahIM lagatA hai| yahA~ ratnaprabhasari kahate haiM ki Apake anusAra arthitva arthAta prayojana jijJAsArUpa aura abhilASArUpa- aise do prakAra kA hotA hai (bauddhoM ke anusAra jijJAsA aura abhilASA- donoM nirNayarUpa arthAta vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM haiM), kintu jainoM kA mata hai ki kisI bhI viSaya kA arthitva (prayojana) savikalpa hokara vyavasAyAtmaka hI hotA hai| koI bhI tathya nizcayAtmaka hogA, tabhI Apako usako jAnane kI icchA hogI, arthAt usake prati jijJAsA utpanna hogii| jijJAsA ke pazcAt abhilASA, arthAt usako prApta karane kI jo icchA hogI, vaha bhI vyavasAyAtmaka hI hogii| jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanikoM se kahate haiM ki jijJAsArUpa arthitva (prayojana) pUrvAnubhUta nIle Adi aneka raMgoM meM se nIle raMga-vizeSa ke prati hI jijJAsA ko janma detA hai ki 'yaha nIlA raMga aisA hotA hai| ratnaprabha pUchate haiM ki isa nIle raMga ke prati nIle-viSayaka jo jijJAsA huI, isako Apa vikalpAtmaka mAnakara bhI nirvikalpa-bodha kaise kaha sakate haiM ? jijJAsA kA Apa anubhUtirUpa-darzana nahIM kara sakate haiN| jijJAsA bhI jJAnarUpa hI hotI hai aura jJAnarUpa hone se savikalpa hI hotI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki jijJAsA avagraharUpa jJAna ke samAna anirNayAtmaka avazya ho sakatI hai, kintu jijJAsA, arthAt kisI vizeSa ko jAnanerUpa icchA jJAnarUpa hone se vikalpAtmaka hI hotI hai| dUsare, Apake matAnusAra to jijJAsArUpa arthitva kSaNika-padArtha ke prati kaise hogA ? kSaNika-padArtha to eka kSaNa pratIta hokara dUsare kSaNa hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, to usake prati jijJAsA nahIM ho sktii| dUsare, Apane jo kahA ki abhilASArUpa arthitva bhI nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM sahAyaka hone ke sAtha vyavasAyazUnya hotA hai| ApakA yaha kathana bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki anabhilaSita padArtha ke prati bhI jaba vyavasAyAtmaka-jJAna ho sakatA hai, to abhilaSita ke prati vyavasAyAtmaka-jJAna kyoM nahIM hogA ? vastutaH, jijJAsA aura abhilASArUpa arthitva pUrvAnubhUta smRti se hotA hai| pUrvAnubhUta smRti ke kAraNa hI vartamAna vastu ke prati jijJAsA aura abhilASA hotI hai, jo nirvikalpa na hokara savikalpa hI hotI hai| 278 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 56
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________________ 218 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bauddhadarzanAnusAra, jo jJAna vyavasAyarahita hotA hai, vaha smRti kA hetu nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki Apa bauddhoM ke matAnusAra jisa samaya azva kA sAkSAtkAra hogA, usI samaya smRtirUpa go kA sAkSAtkAra bhI saMbhava nahIM hogA, kyoMki vaha azva kA sAkSAtkAra vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA hai, kintu hamAre (jaina) matAnusAra to godarzana smRtirUpa saMskAra kA janaka hone ke kAraNa vyavasAyAtmaka yA savikalpAtmaka-jJAna hai| nirvikalpa-pratyakSa vyavasAyAtmaka-jJAna kA janaka nahIM ho sakatA hai| Apake (bauddhoM ke) anusAra, yaha mAnanA ki eka nirvikalpa anubhava vyavasAyajanaka hokara dUsare vyavasAyAtmaka-jJAna kA utpAdaka ho, yaha yuktisaMgata nahIM baiThatA hai, ataH, pramANa kabhI bhI nirvikalpa na hokara vikalpAtmaka hI hotA hai| pramANa ke savikalpAtmaka hone ke kAraNa Apake ye hetu asiddha-doSa se bAdhita ho jAte haiN|279 isa prakAra, AcArya ratnaprabha bauddha-dArzanikoM se kahate haiM ki pramANa savikalpa-jJAnarUpa hone se vyavasAyAtmaka hI hotA hai| dUsare; abhyAsa, prakaraNa, buddhi-cAturya evaM arthitva- ye cAroM bhI vikalpAtmaka hone ke kAraNa vyavasAyAtmaka hI hote haiN| inako vikalpotpAdaka mAnakara nirvikalpa-pratyakSa se nirNayAtmaka-pramANa kI siddhi saMbhava nahIM ho sktii| ApakA nirvikalpa-pratyakSa to mAtra anubhUtirUpa-darzana hai aura darzana kabhI bhI pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| jJAna hI pramANa hai aura jJAnarUpa pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka yA nizcayAtmaka hI hotA hai| hamArA avagraha cAhe jJAnarUpa hote hue bhI vyavasAyAtmaka na ho, kintu avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA ke mAdhyama se antima sthiti meM pahu~cakara vyavasAyAtmaka bana jAtA hai, ata:, vyavasAyAtmaka-jJAna hI pramANa hai| 80 bauddha - bauddha-dArzanika AcArya ratnaprabha se apane pakSa ke samarthana meM kahate haiM ki pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA hai| sUtra meM Ae hue samAropa-paripanthitva aura pramANatva- ye donoM hetuoM ko vyavasAyAtmaka-svabhAvarUpa ke sAdhya ke sAtha vyApta mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, arthAt jo bhI pramANa hogA vaha vyavasAyAtmaka hI hogA, aisA avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha Avazyaka nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki vyavasAya-svabhAva arthAt nirNayAtmakatA ke abhAva meM bhI kisI sthAna para mAtra vyavasAya-janakarUpI 279 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 56 280 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 56
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 219 sAdhya ke sAtha bhI samAropa-paripanthI evaM pramANatA- ye donoM hetu to hote haiM, arthAt kabhI-kabhI aisA bhI hotA hai ki nirvikalpa-pratyakSa samAropa-paripanthI arthAta saMzaya, viparyaya Adi se rahita evaM pramANarUpa hote hue bhI vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA hai| pUrva meM hamane kabhI nIle raMga ko dekhA, usa pUrvAnubhUta nIle raMga kI smRti se vartamAna ke nIle raMga ke sAtha tulanA kara yaha nirNaya ho gayA hai ki 'yaha nIlA raMga hI hai, to yahA~ pratyakSa to nirvikalpa rUpa meM huaa| pUrvAnubhUta bhUyodarzana vikalpotpAdaka arthAt nIle raMga kA nirNaya karane meM sahAyaka jarUra huaa| jisa prakAra hamArA anumAna-pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka hone ke sAtha samAropa-paripanthI evaM pramANarUpa bhI hai, usI prakAra nirvikalpa-pratyakSa bhI samAropa-paripanthI evaM pramANarUpa hote hue bhI vyavasAyAtmaka na hokara vyavasAyajanaka hai, ataH, usakI hetu ke sAtha vyApti mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai, arthAt samAropa-paripanthI aura pramANarUpa hetu vyavasAyajanaka sAdhya ke sAtha vyApta bhI haiN|281 jaina- yahA~ AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiMApane pramANa ke vyavasAyajanaka hone kI siddhi meM jo hetu diyA hai ki nirvikalpa-pratyakSa samAropa-paripanthI evaM pramANarUpa hote hue bhI vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA hai, kintu vyavasAyajanaka avazya hotA hai, yaha ApakA tarka pramANarUpI sAdhya ke sAtha avisaMvAdaka nahIM hai| avisaMvAdakatva kI arthaprApakatva arthAt padArtha-bodha karane ke sAtha vyApti hai, kyoMki jo jJAna artha-prApaka hotA hai, arthAt jo jJAna padArtha kA bodha karAe, vahI avisaMvAdI hotA hai aura jo artha-prApaka nahIM hotA, arthAt jo padArtha ko evaM svayaM ko darzAne vAlA nahIM hotA, vaha nirviSaya jJAna ke samAna avisaMvAdaka bhI nahIM banatA hai| artha-prApakatva kI pravartakatva ke sAtha arthAt padArtha prApta karane ke prayatna ke sAtha vyApti-saMbaMdha hai aura pravartakatva kA (prayatnazIlatA kA bhI) viSayopadarzaka (padArtha-darzana) ke sAtha vyApti-saMbaMdha hai, kyoMki padArtha svayaM, svayaM kA bodha karAne meM samartha hotA hai, vaha jJAna-pravartaka (padArtha svayaM sva kA bodha karAne vAlA) hotA hai, kAraNa yaha hai ki jJAna kabhI bhI kisI kA hAtha pakar3akara yaha nahIM kahatA 281 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 57
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArakA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ki 'maiM jJAna hU~, kintu vaha sva- viSaya kA jJAna karAkara pravartaka aura arthaprApaka banatA hai / 282 220 bauddhoM dvArA dI gaI isa vyApti ke bAre meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM- nirvikalpa - pratyakSa ko Apa vikalpotpAdaka kahakara usako pramANarUpa mAnate haiM, to vaha nirvikalpa - pratyakSa kisa avasthA meM pramANarUpa banatA hai ? arthAt nirvikalpa - pratyakSa viSayopadarzaka (padArtha - darzaka ) kaba banatA hai ? prathamataH, kyA nirvikalpa- pratyakSa (anubhUtirUpa darzana) vastu - svarUpa ke nirNaya meM vikalpa ke utpanna hone para viSayopadarzaka arthAt padArtha ko darzAne vAlA banatA hai ? athavA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa ke hote hI turaMta viSayopadarzaka (padArtha - darzaka ) banatA hai ? pahalA tarka yadi Apa yaha dete haiM ki nirvikalpa - pratyakSa vikalpotpatti ke pazcAt viSayopadarzaka banatA hai, to ApakA yaha tarka yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki Apake isa kathana meM kSaNikatA kA doSa A jAtA hai / vinazvara - svabhAva vAle padArtha to eka kSaNa pratIta hokara dUsare hI kSaNa naSTa ho jAte haiM, to ApakA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa ( anubhUtirUpa darzana ) to vikalpa utpanna karake turaMta hI naSTa ho jAtA hai, to vaha nirvikalpa - pratyakSa viSayopadarzaka kahA~ rahA ? dUsarA, yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki vikalpa ke utpanna hote hI nirvikalpa - pratyakSa viSayopadarzaka banatA hai, yaha bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ApakA yaha kathana to aisA huA, jaise koI vyakti muMDana karAne ke pazcAt yaha nahIM pUchatA ki kaunasA nakSatra hai ? usI prakAra, viSayopadarzakatArUpa kArya ke hone ke pazcAt, arthAt 'yaha nIlA raMga hai- aise vikalpa kA utpAdaka nirvikalpa - pratyakSa viSayopadarzakatA meM koI kAraNabhUta nahIM rahatA hai / 283 isa prakAra, 'jisa viSaya meM nirvikalpa - darzana (anubhUtirUpa bodha) vikalpa ko utpanna karatA hai, usI meM usa nirvikalpa - darzana kI pramANatA hai isase to Apake siddhAMta meM virodha utpanna hotA hai / vyavasAyotpatti vikalpotpatti ke binA bhI jaba viSayopadarzakatA kA sadbhAva nirvikalpa-darzana meM hotA hai, to prAmANya kA bhI sadbhAva vikalpotpatti ke binA hI nirvikalpa - darzana meM ho jAtA hai, kyoMki nirvikalpa - darzana kA prAmANya to viSayopadarzana ke lie hotA hai aura viSayopadarzakatA to nirvikalpa - darzana kI utpatti ke pazcAt hI Apane mAnI hai, arthAt padArtha 282 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 57, 58 283 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 58
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kA bodha binA nirvikalpa - darzana ke nahIM hotA hai, kintu nirvikalpa - darzana ke hote hI padArtha anubhUti kA viSaya banatA hai| aisA jaba Apa (bauddha) mAnate haiM, to phira Apa kSaNakSayI padArtha kA aura svarga Adi kA bhI nirvikalpa - pratyakSa se viSayopadarzana kyoM nahIM mAnate haiM ? arthAt pratyeka vinazvara - padArtha tathA svarga, mokSa Adi kA bhI hameM nirvikalpa - bodha hokara viSayopadarzakatA honA caahie| 201 bauddha bauddha- dArzanika kahate haiM ki hamArA nirvikalpa-darzana padArtha ke adhyavasAya taka le jAtA hai, arthAt hameM nIle raMga kA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa huA, hamane usakI anubhUti kI, usake pazcAt hamArI cetanA meM usa nIle raMga kI eka nizcita AkRti banI, yaha nizcita AkRti hI adhyavasAyarUpa hai| vaha nIle raMga kA vaha nizcita jJAna hI nirvikalpa - darzana ko viSayopadarzaka banAtA hai aura yahI adhyavasAya hai| binA adhyavasAya (vyavasAya) vAlA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa viSayopadarzaka nahIM banatA hai, kintu adhyavasAyayukta nirvikalpa - pratyakSa viSayopadarzaka banatA hai | 205 - jaina jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM kI isa mAnyatA kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki yaha ApakA kathana ucita nahIM hai| yaha ThIka hai ki adhyavasAya, vikalpa, vyavasAya- ye saba nirvikalpa - pratyakSa (darzana) ke kAraNa hote haiM, kintu yaha saba bhinna-bhinna kAla meM hoNge| Apa prathama, nirvikalpa - pratyakSa (darzana) ko mAneMge yA adhyavasAya ko ? kyoMki adhyavasAya se bhinna pUrvakAla meM hone ke kAraNa nirvikalpa - pratyakSa (darzana) padArtha kA viSayopadarzaka nahIM bana sakatA hai, phira bhI yadi Apa nirvikalpa- pratyakSa (darzana) se hI adhyavasAya vAle padArtha ko vyavasAyAtmaka mAnate haiM, to nirvikalpa - pratyakSa padArtha kA upadarzaka hai yA anupadarzaka ? yadi Apa nirvikalpa - pratyakSa (darzana) ko upadarzaka mAnate haiM, to vaha upadarzaka vyavasAya hI Apake nirvikalpa - pratyakSa (darzana) ke viSaya meM pravarttaka arthAt padArtha ke prati prayatnazIla hogA aura usa padArtha kA jJAna bhI prApta hogA, arthAt jJeya padArtha svayaM viSayopadarzaka bnegaa| isa prakAra, se to vaha padArtha nizcayAtmaka hone se pramANa bana jAegA, to Apane padArtha ke jJAna ko vyavasAyarUpa kahakara hamAre vyavasAyAtmaka - pramANa ko hI 284 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 58, 59 285 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 58 59 221
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA svIkAra kara liyA hai, kintu ApakA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM bana sakatA, isalie nirvikalpa - pratyakSa pramANa nahIM khlaaegaa| yadi Apa nirvikalpa - pratyakSa ko padArtha (viSaya) kA anupadarzaka kahate haiM, to vaha nirvikalpa- pratyakSa (darzana) vikalpa ko utpanna karane ke kAraNa svaviSayopadarzaka, arthAt sva-viSaya kA bodha karAne vAlA kaise banegA ? dUsare, nirvikalpa - pratyakSa (darzana) meM to saMzaya, viparyaya Adi kI saMbhAvanA hotI hai| isa prakAra,, usameM svaviSayopadarzakatA kI Apatti Ane se atiprasaMga - doSa A jAegA, kyoMki yadi nirvikalpa - pratyakSa vikalparUpa viSayopadarzaka na hote hue nirvikalpa - pratyakSa hI svaviSayopadarzaka banatA ho, to saMzaya, viparyayarUpa jJAna ko utpanna karane vAlA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa hI svaviSayopadarzaka bana jAegA aura vahI pramANa bana jAegA, jaisA ki Apa mAnate haiM, kintu ApakA yaha nirvikalpa - pratyakSa to saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita nahIM ho sakatA hai, jaise- 'sthANurvA puruSovA', arthAt yaha sthANu athavA puruSa hai, ise pramANa kaise kaheMge ? yadi Apane binA vikalpa ke mAtra sthANu kI anubhUti kI, to yaha mAtra eka anubhUtirUpa darzana huaa| isameM nizcayAtmakatA kA bodha nahIM hone se nirvikalpa - pratyakSa svaviSayopadarzaka nahIM bana sakatA, jabaki hamArA pramANa to saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita hone ke kAraNa vyavasAyAtmaka hai / pramANa vyavasAyAtmaka yA nizcayAtmaka hI hotA hai| ApakA nirvikalpa - pratyakSa vyavasAyarahita hone ke kAraNa pramANa nahIM ho sakatA / 288 222 bauddha jainoM kI isa Apatti para bauddha dArzanika dharmottara AcArya ratnaprabha se kahate haiM ki nirvikalpa - pratyakSa (darzana) meM vastu yA padArtha kA jo bodha hotA hai, vaha sAmAnya rUpa hotA hai aura vaha sAmAnyarUpa bodha hI vyavasAya (nizcaya) karatA hai| sAmAnya mAtra eka jAtivAcaka - kalpanA hai / yaha jAtivAcaka - kalpanArUpa sAmAnya hI pramANa yA vikalpa utpanna karatA hai, jaise- hamane jaba gAya ko dekhA, to yaha gAya hai- aisA jo jAtivAcaka vikalpa huA, vaha sAmAnya rUpa se huA / yaha gAya hai yA bhaiMsa hai ? isa prakAra ke bhinna-bhinna vikalpa nahIM hote haiM, sampUrNa go jAti kA hI vikalpa hotA hai, arthAt yaha sampUrNa (niraMza) kA vikalpa hamAre vicAra meM yA hamArI sattA meM rahatA hai| sAmAnya to hamArI dRSTi meM mAtra eka vikalpa hai, anubhUti hai, isalie sAmAnya - vikalpa janaka hone se vaha kA 286 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 59, 60
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 223 nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kA viSayopadarzaka bana jAtA hai, isase yaha siddha huA ki binA vikalpa kA nirvikalpa-pratyakSa viSayopadarzaka nahIM kahalAtA hai| yadi nirvikalpa-pratyakSa sAmAnya-vikalpa kA utpAdaka nahIM ho, to vaha svaviSayopadarzaka nahIM banatA hai, isalie sAmAnya ke bodha meM bhI saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAyarUpa anizcayAtmaka-sthiti nahIM banatI hai aura yadi anizcayAtmaka-sthiti utpanna hotI hai, to vaha svaviSayopadarzaka bhI nahIM banatA hai|287 jaina - bauddhoM ke isa kathana para jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki nirvikalpa-pratyakSa sAmAnya kA hI vyavasAya karatA hai- aisA jo Apa mAnate haiM, to usa sAmAnya meM mAtra anyathApoha, arthAta anya kI vyAvRtti hone se vaha sAmAnya mAtra kalpanA (avastu) rUpa hI hogaa| anya kA niSedha karane se vaha vasturUpa to hogA nhiiN| yadi kisI vastu kA nizcita vidhAna karanA ho, to usameM mAtra anya kA niSedha hI karate rahane se usa vastu kA nirNaya kaise hogA? jaise- 'yaha gAya hai- isakA vidhAna karane ke lie yaha gadhA nahIM, azva nahIM, bhaiMsa nahIM- aise mAtra eka-eka kA niSedha hI karate rahane se "yaha gAya haiisakA nirNaya kaise hogA ? aura jaba kisI nizcita vastu kA nirNaya hI nahIM hogA, to vaha sAmAnya to avastu ho gayA, to aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki sAmAnya vikalpa kA utpAdaka hokara nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko viSaya kA upadarzaka banA detA hai| mAtra sAmAnya nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko viSaya kA upadarzaka nahIM banA sakatA, kyoMki niSedha (avastu) ko vikalpa ko utpanna karane vAlA nahIM kaha sakate, ataH, ApakA nirvikalpa-pratyakSa (darzana) pramANarUpa nahIM bana sakatA hai, kyoMki Apa sAmAnya ko vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM kaha skte| 200 bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara kahate haiM ki dRzya vastu aura vikalpya avastu- ina donoM ko ekIkaraNa karane se to vyavasAya vastu kA upadarzaka bana sakatA hai, arthAt dRzya-vastu, jaise- yaha gAya hai aura vikalpya sAmAnya rUpa avastu, jo niSedhAtmaka hai, jaise- yaha gadhA nahIM, azva nahIM, bhaiMsa nahIM Adi- isa prakAra, se dRzya vastu 'yaha gAya hai yaha hamAre sAmane pratyakSa hai tathA avastu, jo hamAre vicAra yA anubhUti meM 287 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 60 288 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I ratnaprabhasUri pR. 60
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________________ 224 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA hai, isalie vastu aura avastu- ina donoM kA ekIkaraNa ho jAne se hI vaha vyavasAya vastu kA upadarzaka bana sakatA hai| jaina - isake pratyuttara meM jaina-dArzanika AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki yadi Apa vastu-avastu kA ekIkaraNa mAnate ho, to kyA ina donoM ko eka kara denA hI ekarUpatA hai, yA donoM ke nizcaya (vyavasAya) meM ekarUpatA hai? donoM ke ekIkaraNa meM to vastu-avastu- donoM meM se eka kA hI svarUpa rahegA, dUsare kA svarUpa nahIM rhegaa| dUsare, yadi yaha ekIkaraNa arthAt ekatvarUpa adhyavasAya meM dRzya aura vikalpya arthAt vastu aura avastu ko upacarita mAneMge, to phira ekatva kA adhyavasAya viSayopadarzaka kaise banegA ? kyoMki sA~Da meM gAya kA upacAra karane mAtra se kyA sA~Da dUdha kA bartana bhara degA ? sArAMza yaha hai ki vastu evaM avastu kA eka-dUsare para mAtra upacAra karane ko vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM kaha sakate haiN| vyavasAyAtmaka-pramANa to samAropa se rahita hotA hai| isa prakAra, se ApakA nirvikalpa-pratyakSa vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM ho sktaa| punazca, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki dRzya aura vikalpya (vastu aura avastu)- ina donoM meM ekatva kA jo adhyavasAya hai, vaha nirvikalpa-pratyakSa se hotA hai, yA phira vikalpa se hotA hai ? yA kisI anya jJAna se utpanna hotA hai ? 1. nirvikalpa-pratyakSa se to vastu aura avastu meM ekatva kA adhyavasAya saMbhava hI nahIM hai, kyoMki nirvikalpa-pratyakSarUpa zrotriya-vaidika-brAhmaNa ke dvArA adhyavasAyarUpa cAMDAla kA sparza karanA hI saMbhava nahIM haiN| jJAtavya hai ki bauddhadarzana cakSurindriya aura zrotrendriya ko aprApyakArI mAnatA hai| isa siddhAMta ke anusAra, ApakA pratyakSa nirvikalpa hone se adhyavasAyarUpa ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki nirvikalpa pratyakSa avastu kA viSaya-bodha kaise karA sakatA hai ? dUsare, avastu kA pratyakSa bhI to saMbhava nahIM hai, isalie nirvikalpa-pratyakSa (darzana) rUpa dRzya vastu aura vikalpya rUpa avastu kA ekatva adhyavasAya meM saMbhava nahIM hai| 2. dUsare, mAtra vikalpa se bhI adhyavasAya nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vikalparUpa rAkSasa dRzyarUpa rAma para Adhipatya karane meM, arthAt use viSaya karane meM asamartha hai, aisI sthiti meM ekatva kA adhyavasAya kaise hogA? kyoMki avastu to viSaya karane meM, arthAt padArtha kA jJAna karAne meM 289 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 61 290 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 61
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 225 asamartha hotI hai| vastutaH, jo svayaM avastu hai, vaha vastu ko kaise jAnegI ? phalataH, avastu se kisI prakAra kA vikalpa hI utpanna nahIM hogA, isalie vastu aura avastu meM vikalpa se bhI ekatva-adhyavasAya saMbhava nahIM hai| 3. tIsare, jJAnAntara se (kisI anya prakAra ke jJAna se) bhI ekatvAdhyavasAya saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki jJAnAntara ko bhI Apa nirvikalpa mAneMge yA savikalpa mAneMge ? jJAnAntara ko cAhe nirvikalpa mAne yA savikalpa mAneM, kintu ye donoM bhI dRzya aura vikalpya (vastu aura avastu)- ina donoM ko viSaya karane meM samartha nahIM haiM aura donoM ko viSaya kie binA ekatvAdhyavasAya bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| vastutaH, jo jJAna padArtha ko viSaya nahIM karatA, vaha jJAna padArtha kA upadarzana karAne meM bhI asamartha hotA hai| jisa prakAra ghaTa-jJAna ziMzapA-vRkSa ko viSaya nahIM karatA, arthAt ghaTa-jJAna vRkSa aura ziMzapA meM aikya karane meM samartha nahIM hotA, usI prakAra, dRzya vastu vikalpya avastu ko viSaya karane vAlI nahIM hotI hai| usI prakAra, jJAna bhI dRzya aura vikalpya- donoM meM ekatva kA adhyavasAya karane meM samartha nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra, se, nirvikalpa-pratyakSa vyavasAyajanaka nahIM hone se prAmANyarUpa siddha nahIM hotaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, vyavasAyajanaka na hone se nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kA prAmANya siddha nahIM hotA hai, arthAt nirvikalpa-pratyakSa vyavasAya ko utpanna nahIM karane vAlA hone se prabhAvI nahIM ho sakatA hai|291 punazca, AcArya ratnaprabhasari bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki yadi Apa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa (anubhUtirUpa darzana) ko vikalpa ke utpanna hone para vastu-svarUpa kA nirNaya karane meM viSayopadarzaka arthAt padArtha ko darzAne vAlA mAnate haiM, to ApakA vaha nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kSaNakSayI padArtha aura svarga, mokSa Adi ke viSaya meM bhI anurUpa vikalpa ko kyoM utpanna nahIM karatA hai ?292 bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki kSaNakSayI padArtha aura svarga, mokSa Adi ke viSaya meM nirvikalpa-pratyakSa anurUpa vikalpa isalie utpanna nahIM karatA hai ki vaha anAdikAlIna-vAsanA (saMskAra) ke kAraNa utpanna nahIM hone vAlA aisA vikalpa 'ye sabhI rUpAdi akSaNika haiM, samAropa (bhrAMti) se yukta ho jAne se vaha nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kSaNakSayI padArtha 291 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 61 2 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 62
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________________ 226 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA aura svarga-mokSa Adi ke viSaya meM anurUpa vikalpa utpanna nahIM kara pAtA hai| jaina - bauddhoM ke isa kathana kI samIkSA karate hae AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha kathana bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki Apa kSaNika padArtha para astitva kA samAropa karate haiM, to phira kSaNikAdi padArtha se abhinna nIlAdi raMga ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM nIlAdi raMga kA samAropa arthAt bhrAntatA mAnane kA prasaMga aaegaa| nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM bhI nIlAdi raMga ko to Apane vikalpAtmaka mAnA hI hai, tabhI 'yaha nIlA raMga hai' aisI anubhUti hotI hai| eka ora, Apa pratyeka padArtha ko kSaNakSayI mAnate haiM, to dUsarI ora, nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM nIlAdi raMga kI anubhUti bhI mAnate haiN| ye nIlAdi raMga bhI usa kSaNakSayI padArtha se bhinna to nahIM haiN| yadi Apa kSaNakSayI padArtha para sthiratArUpa samAropa mAnate haiM, to ve nIlAdi raMga bhI kSaNakSayI padArtha se bhinna nahIM hone se nIlAdi raMga bhI samAroparUpa (mithyA AropaNarUpa) hoNge| yadi Apa nIlAdi raMga para samAropa nahIM karake mAtra kSaNakSayI padArthoM para hI samAropa mAnate haiM, to isase to viruddha-dharma kA adhyAsa, arthAt viruddha-dharma kA mithyA-jJAna hone se nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ke do bheda ho jAeMge, jaise- eka, samAropa se yukta aura dUsarA, samAropa se rhit| prathama, kSaNakSayI padArtha samAropa se yukta hone se tathA dUsare, nIlAdi padArtha ke samAroparahita hone se nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ke do bheda mAnane hoMge, kyoMki niraMza (akhaMDa) padArtha nIlAdirUpa ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM kisI sImA taka samAropa se AkrAMta hogA tathA kisI anya viSaya meM samAropa se anAkrAMta bhI hogA, kintu aisA mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| vastutaH, kSaNika padArtha se nIlAdi raMga bhinna nahIM haiM, yadi Apa una donoM meM bheda karate haiM, to ApakA nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kisI bhI sthiti meM pramANa nahIM bana sktaa| Apa nirvikalpa-darzana ko anurUpa vikalpotpAdaka mAnakara bhI use pramANa to mAna hI nahIM skte| 204 bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara apane mata ko puSTa karane hetu kahate haiM ki nirvikalpa-pratyakSa niraMza hai| padArtha ke niraMza hote hue bhI usameM anya kA niSedha karane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| jisa prakAra 'yaha nIlA raMga hai, to isa nIle raMga ko siddha karane ke lie yaha kAlA 293 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 62 294 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 62
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 227 nahIM, 'yaha pIlA nahIM, zveta nahIM- isa prakAra, anya raMgoM kA niSedha karate hue anta meM jaba hama kahate haiM ki yaha nIlA raMga hai, to yaha nIlA raMga samAropa se rahita hotA hai, arthAt mithyA Aropa se rahita ho jAtA hai| nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM anya kA niSedha karake kathana karane meM samAropa se yukta padArtha bhI samAropa se rahita bana jAtA hai tathA samAropa se rahita padArtha samAropa (vikalpa) se yukta bana jAtA hai| anya-vyAvRtti ke kAraNa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa meM bhI samAropa (mithyAjJAna) aura asamAropa (yathArtha-bodha)- donoM ho sakate haiM, ataH, jaba padArtha asamAropa arthAta mithyAjJAna se rahita bana jAtA hai, to usakA nirvikalpa-pratyakSa bhI pramANa bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra, se, anya-anya kA niSedha karake jaba vastu ke svarUpa kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai, to usameM kisI prakAra kA mithyA Aropa nahIM rahatA hai| isa prakAra, nirvikalpa-pratyakSa pramANa kI koTi meM A jAtA hai|25 jaina - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri dharmottara nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko samAropa aura asamAropa- donoM se yukta mAnakara pramANarUpa siddha karane ke isa prayatna kA khaNDana karate hue kahate haiM ki anya kI vyAvRtti (niSedha) karake vastu ke svarUpa kA nirNaya ho jAne se nirvikalpa-pratyakSa pramANa kahalAtA hai, Apa bauddhoM kA yaha kathana yukti-yukta nahIM hai| Apa sabase pahale yaha siddha kareM ki niraMza kI vyAvRtti karate haiM, yA aMza (AMzika) kI vyAvRtti karate haiM ? yadi Apa niraMza kI arthAt samagrataH vastu kI vyAvRtti karate haiM, to isase vastu ke svarUpa kA nizcaya kaise hogA ? kyoMki jaba Apa yaha kahate haiM ki ye candra, sUrya, tAre, nakSatra Adi nahIM haiM, to yaha nizcaya kaise hogA ki ve kyA haiM ? yadi mAtra anya kA niSedha hI karate raheMge, to vastu ke svarUpa kA to nizcaya nahIM hogaa| phalataH, vastu ke saMbaMdha meM samAropa arthAt miyyAjJAna bhI ho sakatA hai| aisI sthiti meM Apa samAropa arthAt mithyAjJAna ko pramANa bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiN| yadi Apa aMzataH vyAvRtti karate haiM, to usase bhI vastu ke svarUpa kA nizcaya nahIM hotA hai, jaise- 'yaha gAya hai- isake nizcaya ke lie yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki yaha sIMga nahIM hai, pU~cha nahIM hai aadi-aadi| isa prakAra, mAtra anyApoha yA anya kI vyAvRtti hI karate rahane para bhI gAya kA kucha bhI hissA nahIM bacegA, phalataH vaha jJAna samAropayukta bana jaaegaa| isase bhI 295 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 63
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________________ 228 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA Apake nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ke pramANa hone kI puSTi nahIM hotii| punazca, yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki 'yaha nIlA raMga hai, to Apake anusAra to yaha svabhAva se hI niraMza hai tathA asamAropayukta arthAt mithyAjJAna se rahita hai| yadi Apa isa niraMza nIle raMga meM anya raMgoM kI AMzika-vyAvRtti karate haiM, to usase nIle raMga kA nizcaya kaise kareMge ? kyoMki AMzika-vyAvRtti bhI samAropa (mithyAjJAna) se yukta hotI hai| isa prakAra, Apa bauddha-dArzanika eka hI svabhAva vAle nIle raMga meM niraMza (samagrataH) aura aMzata:- donoM prakAra se vyAvRtti karake nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko samAropa aura asamAropadonoM se yukta siddha karake nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko pramANarUpa siddha nahIM kara sakate haiN| punaH, vastu-svarUpa ke svabhAva meM atatsvabhAva kI vyAvRtti ko yadi Apa mAtra kalpanA mAneM aura usa kalpita vastu kI bhI koI kalpanA hogI, to isameM to anavasthA-doSa A jaaegaa|296 isa prakAra, se, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM kahate haiM'vyavasAyajanaka arthAt vyavasAya ko utpanna karane vAlA nirvikalpa-pratyakSa pramANarUpa haiM bauddha-dArzanikoM kA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki vyavasAyAtmaka-pratyakSa meM hI prAmANya ghaTita hotA hai| isa prakAra, anta meM, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara se kahate haiM ki Apa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko vyavasAya utpanna karane vAlA mAnate haiM, to yaha ucita nahIM hai| jo svayaM hI vyavasAyarUpa nahIM hai, to vaha vyavasAya ko utpanna karane vAlA kaise hogA? arthAt jo svayaM kA nizcaya nahIM kara sakatA, vaha padArtha kA nizcaya kaise karegA ? yadi ApakA nirvikalpa-pratyakSa svabhAva se vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hai, to vaha vyavasAyajanaka kaise hogaa| dUsare, yadi Apa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko svabhAva se vyavasAyAtmaka mAnate haiM, to phira to Apane hamAre siddhAMta ko hI svIkAra kara liyA hai, isalie Apake lie yahI ucita hai ki Apa pratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka svIkAra kara leM, jisase ApakA nirvikalpa-pratyakSa bhI pramANarUpa siddha ho ske| dUsare, jaba Apa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko samAropa-paripanthI to mAna hI rahe haiM, arthAt nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita mAnate haiM, to phira vyavasAyAtmakatA 396 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 63 297 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 63
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 229 arthAt nizcayAtmakatA ko svIkAra karane meM kaunasI bAdhA hai, ataH, pratyakSa ko vyavasAyAtmaka mAnanA hI Apake lie ucita mArga hai| bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA aura usakI samIkSA bhAratIya-darzana meM prAyaH sabhI darzana-paraMparAe~ pratyakSa ko pramANarUpa meM hI svIkAra karatI haiM, yadyapi usake svarUpa ko lekara unameM paryApta matabheda dekhA jAtA hai| jahA~ nyAya-vaizeSika-darzana jJAna ke kAraNa arthAta indriya-sannikarSa ko hI pramANarUpa meM mAnatA hai, vahIM sAMkhyadarzana indriyavRtti ko pramANarUpa mAnatA hai, kintu jaina aura bauddhadarzana pramANa ko jJAnarUpa hI svIkAra karate haiM aura yaha mAnate haiM ki aisA jJAna indriyajanya bhI ho sakatA hai aura atIndriya bhii| yahA~ yaha bhI spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai ki naiyAyikoM aura sAMkhyoM ne bhI yogaja-pratyakSarUpa meM atIndriya-jJAna ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| yadyapi jaina aura bauddha-donoM hI darzana naiyAyikoM ke indriya aura padArtha ke sannikarSa ko pramANarUpa nahIM mAnate haiM, phira bhI pratyakSa-pramANa kI nirvikalpatA aura savikalpatA ke saMbaMdha meM donoM meM matabheda haiN| bauddhadarzana pratyakSa ko anubhUtirUpa mAnakara nirvikalpa hI mAnatA hai, jabaki jaina-darzana use nizcayAtmaka hone se savikalpa mAnatA hai| jaina-dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki nirvikalpa anubhUti, jise ve darzana kahate haiM, ke saMdarbha meM use pramANa yA apramANa hone kA prazna nahIM uThatA hai| kevala nizcayAtmaka savikalpa-jJAna hI pramANa kI koTi meM A sakatA hai, yahI kAraNa rahA hai ki paravartI jaina-dArzanikoM ne bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI gahana samIkSA kI hai aura yaha kahA hai ki nirvikalpa-pratyakSa pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM AtA hai| yahA~ hama sarvaprathama isa saMdarbha meM bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa ko prastuta kareMge aura usake pazcAt yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki jaina-dArzanika, vizeSa rUpa se ratnaprabhasUri, pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM usakI sthApanA kara kisa prakAra se usakA khaMDana karate haiN| nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ke saMdarbha meM bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - DaoN. dharmacandra jaina ke anusAra, bauddha-nyAya ke kramika-vikAsa meM pratyakSa-pramANa kA lakSaNa tIna prakAra se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| sarvaprathama vasubandhu ne, artha se jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, use hI pratyakSa kahA hai, jabaki diGnAga ne vasubandhu ke isa pratyakSa-lakSaNa kA khaMDana kara 298 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 63
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kalpanArahita jJAna ko pratyakSa kahA hai| isake anantara dharmakIrtti ne kalpanArahita jJAna ko pratyakSa mAnate hue bhI usameM 'abhrAnta' vizeSaNa ko jor3akara pratyakSa kA lakSaNa nirdhArita kiyA hai / 298 230 sarvaprathama, vasubandhu ne apane grantha 'vAdavidhi' meM pratyakSa - pramANa ke lakSaNa ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai- vahI jJAna pratyakSa hai, jo artha se utpanna huA hai ( tato'rthAdvijJAnaM pratyakSaM) aura indriyajanya hai / isI prakAra, pramANasamuccaya kI TIkA meM bhI kahA gayA hai ki jisa artha ko jisa jJAna se vyapadiSTa kiyA jAtA hai, yadi vaha jJAna usI artha se utpanna hotA hai, to pratyakSa hai, anyathA nahIM / 300 isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki yadyapi vasubandhu ne pratyakSa ko jJAnarUpa mAnA hai, kintu unhoMne use indriyAzrita na mAnakara arthAzrita hI mAnA hai / Age calakara bauddha-paraMparA meM diGnAga ne vasubandhu ke isa pramANa - lakSaNa kI samIkSA karate hue kahA hai ki yadi Alambana se utpanna hone vAle jJAna ko pramANa mAnA jAegA, to phira smRti, pratyabhijJA Adi ko bhI apane artha ke Azrita hone se pramANarUpa mAnanA hogA, ataH, vasubandhu kA yaha pramANa - lakSaNa smRtyAdi jJAnoM meM ativyApta hone se dUSita hI pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra, vasubandhu ke arthAzrita pramANa - lakSaNa kA khaMDana kara diGnAga ne usa jJAna ko pramANarUpa mAnA, jo indriyAzrita hai, kintu kalpanA se rahita hotA hai / diGnAga ne pramANa kA lakSaNa do prakAra se kiyA hai- 1. jo jJAna indriyAzrita hokara utpanna hotA hai, vaha pratyakSa hai / 2. jo jJAna kalpanA se rahita hai, vaha pratyakSa hai / 301 yahA~ kalpanA kA artha hai- nAma, jAti, kriyA, dravya Adi kI yojanA karanA, ataH, diGnAga ke anusAra, jo jJAna nAma, jAti, kriyA Adi kI yojanA se rahita hotA hai, vaha jJAna pratyakSa - pramANa kI koTi meM AtA hai / diGnAga ne pramANa- jJAna ko do prakAra kA mAnA hai - 1. savikalpa 2. nirvikalpa / isameM vaha anumAna ko savikalpa aura pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa mAnate haiN| bauddha - dArzanikoM meM dharmakIrtti ne diGnAga ke pratyakSa ke pramANa - lakSaNa ko aparyApta batAte hue usameM abhrAnta pada ko jor3akara pramANa - lakSaNa isa prakAra, batAyA hai ki jo jJAna kalpanArahita aura abhrAnta hai, vaha pratyakSa hai / isa prakAra, dharmakIrtti ne kalpanArahita kintu abhrAnta 299 dekheM - bauddha-pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacandra jaina, pR. 109 akSamakSaM prativartata iti pratyakSam / 300 301 pratyakSaM kalpanApor3ha nAma jAtyAdya saMyutam - pramANa saMyutam samuccaya, 1.3
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jJAna ko hI pratyakSa kI koTi meM mAnA hai| cUMki, unake anusAra kabhI-kabhI koI jJAna kalpanArahita hote hue bhI indriya-vikAra ke kAraNa bhrAnta ho sakatA hai, isalie ve kalpanArahita abhrAnta jJAna ko hI pramANa mAnate haiM / yadyapi dharmakIrtti ne kalpanArahita hone kA artha nAma, jAti, guNa, kriyA, dravya Adi kI yojanA se rahita to mAnA hI thA, kintu unhoMne usase bhI Age bar3hakara yaha kahA ki jo jJAna vAcaka zabda ke saMsarga se bhI rahita hotA hai, vahI jJAna kalpanArahita hotA hai| isa prakAra, unhoMne pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa ke sAtha-sAtha anabhilApya, arthAt zabda-saMsarga se rahita bhI mAnA hai| paravartI bauddha - dArzanikoM ne ina lakSaNoM para Age adhika gaharAI se vicAra kiyA hai, kintu yahA~ hama vistAra bhaya se usa samagra carcA meM jAnA ucita nahIM samajhate haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki pratyakSa - lakSaNa meM abhrAnta - pada jor3ane ke saMdarbha meM jo zreya dharmakIrti ko diyA jAtA hai, vaha use na jAkara vastutaH asaMga ko jAtA hai, kyoMki asaMga ne hI sarvaprathama apane pramANa - lakSaNa meM abhrAnta-lakSaNa ko grahaNa kiyA thA / jahA~ taka jaina- dArzanikoM kA prazna hai, unhoMne mukhya rUpa se bauddhoM ke pratyakSa - lakSaNa meM nirvikalpatA ko hI apanI samIkSA kA AdhAra banAyA hai, kyoMki kucha jaina- dArzanikoM ne bhI apane pramANa ke lakSaNa meM vivarjita aura abhrAnta pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| prastuta prasaMga meM ratnaprabhasUri ne bhI lakSaNa meM abhrAnta aura apUrva lakSaNa para bala na dekara nirvikalpatA ko apanI samIkSA kA AdhAra banAyA hai| niSkarSa 231 isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki bauddhoM ne pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa svIkAra kiyA hai| usakA AdhAra yaha thA ki unake yahA~ jaina-darzana ke samAna 'darzana' arthAt nirvikalpa - anubhUti aura jJAna arthAt savikalpa - vastu bodha - aisA dvividha vargIkaraNa nahIM thA, isalie unhoMne pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa aura anumAna ko savikalpa maanaa| jisa prakAra jaina- dArzanika 'darzana' ko mAtra anubhUtirUpa tathA anabhilApya mAnate haiM, usI prakAra bauddhoM ne bhI use nirvikalpa aura anabhilApya mAnA hai / ( vastutaH, bauddhadarzana kA pratyakSa jaina- darzana kA 'darzana' hI hai / ) antara yaha hai ki jahA~ jaina-darzana 'darzana' ko sAmAnya aura jAti ko anubhUtirUpa mAnatA hai, vahIM bauddha - dArzanika use jAti Adi kI kalpanA se bhI rahita mAnate haiN| bauddha- dArzanika pratyakSa ko mAtra nirvikalpa hI kahate haiM, jabaki
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________________ 232 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jaina-dArzanika 'darzana' ko sAmAnya kI anubhUtirUpa mAnate haiM, kintu bauddhoM ke anusAra, sAmAnya bhI kAlpanika hai, ataH, pratyakSa mAtra nirvikalpa-anubhUti se anya kucha nahIM hai| jaina-dArzanikoM ne bauddhoM ke pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA isalie kI ki yadi pratyakSa nirvikalpa hai aura nAma, jAti Adi kI kalpanA se rahita hai, to phira vaha nizcayAtmaka yA vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hotA aura jo vyavasAyAtmaka yA nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotA hai, aise bodha ko pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai| bauddhoM kI kaThinAI yaha bhI thI ki yadi unake anusAra sampUrNa sattA kSaNika hai, to jaba taka usake svarUpa kA nizcaya LogA, taba taka to vaha badala jaaegii| pratyakSa ko mAtra vartamAnakAlIna hI kahA hai, ataH, jo kSaNika hai, usakI mAtra anubhUti hI saMbhava hai| usake svarUpa kA nirNaya to kAlAntara meM hotA hai aura isalie vaha mAtra anumAna hI ho sakatA hai| vikalpa mAtra anumAna meM hI saMbhava hai, kyoMki bauddhadarzana kA mAnanA hai ki vikalpa to Aropita hai, ataH, ve vastu yA sattA kA sparza nahIM kara sakate haiN| bauddhadarzana meM jo pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa mAnA gayA hai, usakA mUla AdhAra unake vastusat ko niHsvabhAva hI mAnanA hai| jo niHsvabhAva hai, usameM nAma, jAti Adi kI kalpanA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| bauddhoM ne apanI jJAna-mImAMsA ko tattva-mImAMsA para hI AdhArita rakhA thA aura isalie unake pAsa pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa mAnane ke atirikta anya koI cArA nahIM thA, jabaki jaina-darzana ke anusAra, vastusat sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hotA hai, sAtha hI pariNAmI (parivartanazIla) hokara bhI nitya hotA hai, ataH, unake lie pratyakSa ko nizcayAtmaka mAnA jA sakatA thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki jainoM ne pratyakSa ko nizcayAtmaka mAnakara bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI samAlocanA kI hai| vastutaH, jaina-darzana aura bauddhadarzana kI tattva mImAMsIya-avadhAraNAeM bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH, unakI pramANa-mImAMsA meM aisA aMtara AnA svAbhAvika hai, to bhI hama bauddhoM kI tattva-mImAMsA ko AdhAra mAnakara koI pramANa-mImAMsIya nirNaya leMge, to unakI dRSTi se satya hI hogaa| isI prakAra, jaina-dArzanikoM ke pramANa-mImAMsIya-nirNaya bhI tattva-mImAMsIya-AdhAra para khar3e hone se unakI dRSTi se ve ucita hI hoNge| jaina-darzana aura bauddhadarzana ke tattvamImAMsIya-AdhAra bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH, unakI pramANa-mImAMsA meM jo AdhAra dekhA jAtA hai, vaha svAbhAvika hI hai| vastutaH, bauddhoM ne jisa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA hai, vaha unakI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA pariNati hai, jabaki jainoM ne jo unake tattva - mImAMsA kI hI nirvikalpa - pratyakSa kI samAlocanA kI hai, vaha jainoM kI tattva-mImAMsIya- avadhAraNA para AdhArita hai, ataH, donoM ko apane-apane pariprekSya meM hI samajhane kA prayatna kiyA jAnA cAhie / isa saMdarbha meM DaoN. dharmacaMda jaina kA yaha maMtavya vizeSa rUpa se dRSTavya hai / ve likhate haiM- 'zuddha pratyakSa kI dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA jAe, to bauddhasammata nirvikalpaka - pratyakSa samIcIna pratIta hotA hai, kintu pramANa dvArA artha-kriyA meM pravRtti yA heyopAdeya ke jJAna kI dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA jAe, to vaha sarvathA anupayogI evaM avyavahArya hai tathA jainasammata savikalpaka- pratyakSa upayogI evaM vyavahArya pratIta hotA hai / bauddha-darzana- sammata pratyakSa isalie avyavahArya evaM kAlpanika siddha hotA hai, kyoMki usakA viSaya sthUla evaM sthira dRSTigocara hone vAle padArtha nahIM, apitu nirantara gatizIla evaM sUkSma va asAdhAraNa svalakSaNa- paramANu haiM, jinakA kisI bhI puruSa ko pratyakSa hotA huA dikhAI nahIM detA hai| 302 isa prakAra, hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki nirvikalpaka - pratyakSa, jise jainoM ne darzana kahA hai, vaha nizcaya hI pramANajJAna kA pUrva-tattva hai aura usake binA savikalpa aura vyavasAyAtmaka - pratyakSa sambhava bhI nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI yadi nizcayAtmaka - jJAna hI pramANa hai- aisA mAnA jAe, to phira hameM nirvikalpaka - pratyakSa ko avyavahArya yA apramANarUpa mAnanA hI hogA, kyoMki pramANa nizcayAtmaka hotA hai aura yaha nizcayAtmakatA savikalpa yA vizeSa jJAna ke dvArA hI sambhava hai / 302 dekheM - bauddha-pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, pR. 207 233
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________________ 234 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya-8 pratyabhijJA, tarka evaM smRti kI apramANatA ke saMbaMdha __ meM bauddha mata kI samIkSA (a) pratyabhijJA kI apramANatA kA bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM nirdeza kiyA hai ki bauddha-dArzanika jainoM ke samAna smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko svataMtra pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| yaha bhI hama spaSTa kara cuke haiM ki jaina-darzana meM ina tInoM ko pramANa mAnane kI paraMparA digaMbara-AcArya akalaMka aura zvetAmbara AcArya siddhaRSi se hI prAraMbha hotI hai aura yahI kAraNa rahA hai ki prAcIna-stara ke bauddha-granthoM meM inake pramANa kI samIkSA bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| sarvaprathama arcaTa ne hI hetubiMdu-TIkA meM smRti, pratyabhijJA Adi ke prAmANya kA nirasana kiyA hai| yaha bhI hama iMgita kara cuke haiM ki ratnaprabhasUri ke ratnAkarAvatArikA meM pratyabhijJA Adi ke khaMDana hetu pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM arcaT ke hetubiMdu kI TIkA ko hI AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| arcaTa kI hetabiMda kI TIkA ke atirikta bauddha-nyAya ke AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva ke kisI bhI graMtha meM pratyabhijJA Adi ke prAmANya kA nirasana nahIM hai| ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM ke dvArA jainoM dvArA mAnya pratyabhijJA kI pramANarUpatA kA jo khaMDana kiyA thA, puna: usakA bhI khaMDana karake ratnAkarAvatArikA meM pratyabhijJA kI pramANarUpatA kI siddhi kI hai| cUMki bauddha-dArzanika pratyabhijJA ko svataMtra pramANa svIkAra nahIM karake use pratyakSa kA hI eka bhAga mAnate haiM aura isI rUpa meM unake pUrvapakSa kA prastutikaraNa, jo arcaTa kI hetubiMdu kI TIkA meM huA hai, ratnaprabhasUri ne prAyaH usI ko prastuta kiyA hai, ataH, hama yahA~ alaga se bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kA prastutikaraNa na karake ratnAkarAvatArikA meM jisa rUpa meM unake pUrvapakSa kA ullekha hai, usI kA prastutikaraNa kreNge|
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________________ 235 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bauddhoM ke pratyabhijJA kI pramANatA ke khaMDana kI samIkSA - ratnAkarAvatArikA ke tRtIya pariccheda meM TIkAkAra jainAcArya zrI ratnaprabhasUri pratyabhijJA ke saMbaMdha meM naiyAyika aura mImAMsakoM ke mata kA khaMDana karane ke pazcAt bauddhadarzana kA khaNDana karate hue likhate haiM - bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - bauddha-dArzanika jainoM para AkSepa lagAte hue kahate haiM ki kaTA huA nakha, kaTe hue keza aura kaTI huI coTI ke saMbaMdha meM yaha kahanA ki punaH vaha nakha, keza yA coTI A gaI ke samAna hI Apa jainoM kI yaha pratyabhijJA kI pramANatA bhI mithyA yA bhrAMta hai, kyoMki nakha, keza aura coTI eka bAra kaTane ke pazcAt punaH kaTe hue nakha, keza yA coTI hI utpanna nahIM hote haiM, apitu nae-nae utpanna hote haiN| vyavahAra meM aisA bolate hue dekhA jAtA hai ki jo nakha kaTA thA, punaH vahI nakha utpanna ho gayA, jo bAla kaTe the, punaH vahI bAla utpanna ho gae, jo coTI kaTI thI, punaH vahI coTI utpanna ho gaI, jisako Apa jaina saMkalanAtmaka-jJAna batAkara pramANarUpa mAna rahe haiN| bauddha kahate haiM ki vastutaH vaha jJAna saMkalanAtmaka-jJAna nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki ve jo kaTa cuke haiM aura ve jo nae-nae utpanna hue haiM, ve donoM bhinna-bhinna haiN| inake bhinna-bhinna hone se ApakA yaha saMkalanAtmaka-jJAna bhrAntirUpa hai| isI prakAra, aneka saMdoM meM hone vAlI Apa jainoM kI pratyabhijJA bhI bhrAMtirUpa hone se pratyabhijJA ko pramANarUpa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai, ataH, hama bauddhoM kI yaha avadhAraNA hai ki saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha kSaNamAtravartI haiM, arthAt vinazvara svabhAva vAle haiN| pratikSaNa naSTa hone vAlI vastu kaTa-kaTa kara punaH-punaH vahI utpanna nahIM ho sktii| 'yaha vahI hai aisA jo Apa jaina kathana karate haiM, vaha mithyA bhrAMti ke kAraNa hI karate haiN|303 yadi yaha mAna bhI leM ki dasa varSa pahale kisI vyakti ko dekhA, dasa varSa pazcAt punaH vahI vyakti milA, usako dekhakara Apa kahate haiM ki "yaha vahI hai, to hama bauddha Apa jainoM se pUchate haiM ki kyA yaha vahI vyakti hai, jise dasa varSa pahale dekhA thA ? kyA usameM aMtara nahIM AyA ? jaba vastu kA lakSaNa hI pratikSaNa badalane kA hai, to usa badalane vAlI vastu yA vyakti kI pratyabhijJA kaise ho sakatI hai ? nadI meM kisI ne dasa bAra 303 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 385, 386
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________________ 236 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA DubakI lgaaii| prathama bAra kI DubakI meM jo pAnI thA, dUsarI bAra kI DubakI meM dUsarA pAnI A gayA, to kyA yaha kaheMge ki yaha vahI pAnI hai ? pAnI kA to satata-pravAha calatA rahatA hai, ataH, hama Apa jainoM ke pratyabhijJA-jJAna ko pramANarUpa nahIM kaha skte| jaina- isake uttara meM jainAcArya ratnaprabhasari kahate haiM ki kyA eka pratyabhijJA ke bhrAnta hone para sArI pratyabhijJAe~ bhrAnta mAnI jAegI ? yadi Apa aisA hI kathana karate haiM ki kisI eka padArtha kI pratyabhijJA ke bhrAnta hone para sabhI padArthoM yA vyaktiyoM kI sabhI pratyabhijJAeM bhrAnta yA mithyArUpa hI hotI haiM, timirAdi roga se grasta vyakti ko AkAza-maMDala meM sthita eka candra ke sthAna para do candra dikhAI dete haiM, yaha pratyakSa jJAna bhrAnta hone para kyA sabhI pratyakSa jJAna bhrAntirUpa hI hogA? vastutaH to, AkAza meM eka hI candramA hotA hai, kintu rogAdi ke kAraNa do candra dikhAI dete haiM, to kyA isa pratyakSa jJAna ke mithyA hone ke kAraNa sabhI sthAnoM ke sabhI pratyakSoM ko mithyA jJAna mAna liyA jAegA? yadyapi yaha vidita hai ki eka candra ke sthAna para do candra dikhAI denA timirAdi roga ke kAraNa hotA hai, to isakA matalaba yaha to nahIM ho jAegA ki sabhI pratyakSa jJAna mithyArUpa yA bhrAntirUpa hI hote haiN| Apa bauddhoM kI mAnyatAnusAra to yaha honA cAhie ki eka pratyakSa ke bhrAnta hone para sabhI pratyakSa jJAnoM ko bhrAntirUpa mAna lenA caahie| kadAcit Apa bauddha aisA hI mAnate haiM, to mRga-marIcikA ke bhrAnta jala-jJAna ke samAna hI sarovara-samudra Adi kA jala-jJAna bhI bhrAnti vAlA ho jAnA cAhie, ataH, Apa bauddhoM dvArA hama jainoM para jo doSa lagAyA jAtA hai ki kisI eka pratyabhijJA ke bhrAnta hone para sabhI pratyabhijJAe~ bhrAnta hI hotI haiM, sarvathA anucita hai| bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki jo padArtha apane yathArtha lakSaNa se yukta hotA hai, usameM kisI bhI prakAra kA vyabhicAra-doSa utpanna nahIM ho sakatA hai| Apake pratyabhijJA kA lakSaNa kyA hai, "pUrvApara kI saMkalanA vartamAna kI vastu ko bhUtakAla kI vastu ke sAtha jor3anA, arthAt 'yaha vahI hai', 'yaha tadpa hai, 'yaha gAya usa gAya ke samAna hai, yahI to ApakI pratyabhijJA kA lakSaNa hai| DaoN. dharmacanda jaina 'bauddha-pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA' pustaka meM likhate haiM ki dharmakIrti kA mata hai ki 'yaha vahI hai isa prakAra, kI ekatva-viSayaka 304 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 386
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 237 pratyabhijJAna nAmaka kalpanA ko pratyakSa pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki pratyakSa evaM pratyabhijJAna kA viSaya bhinna hai| pratyakSa meM spaSTa avabhAsa (bodha) hotA hai, kintu pratyabhijJAna meM usakA bhrama (saMbhAvanA) hotA hai| kATe hue kezoM evaM navIna utpanna kezoM meM, jAdUgara dvArA pradarzita goloM meM tathA pratikSaNa naI tela-bUMdoM se jala rahe dIpaka Adi meM, yaha vahI dIpaka haiaisA jo pratyabhijJAna hotA hai, vaha spaSTAvabhAsI pratyakSa se bhinna hai, isalie pratyabhijJAna ko pratyakSa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| aise pratyabhijJA se varNAdi meM ekatva kA nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki pratyakSa evaM pratyabhijJA- donoM bhinna haiN| pratyabhijJAna meM pUrvAnubhUta artha ke dharma kA smaraNa ke AdhAra para vartamAna artha para jo Aropa kiyA jAtA hai, aisA Aropa pratyakSa meM nahIM hotaa|5 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM isI saMdarbha meM bauddha jainoM se kahate haiM ki nakha, keza aura coTI Adi Apake anusAra pratyabhijJA ke lakSaNa se yukta haiM, jaise- yaha vahI nakha hai, yaha vahI keza hai, yaha vahI coTI hai Adi meM saMkalanAtmaka lakSaNa ghaTita hotA hai, to Apake isa saMkalanAtmaka-lakSaNa meM hameM vyabhicAra-doSa pratIta hotA hai| Apa yaha kisa prakAra se siddha kareMge ki ye vahI nakha, keza, coTI Adi haiN| kyoMki ye saba to kaTane ke pazcAt kacare meM Dala cuke haiM aura zAyada abhI kacare meM ho bhI sakate haiM, to phira aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki ye vahI nakha, keza, coTI Adi haiN| ataH, 'saMkalanA rUpa lakSaNa vyabhicAra-doSa se grasta lakSaNa hone ke kAraNa pratyabhijJA kA ApakA lakSaNa hI dUSita siddha hotA hai| punaH, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki Apane pratyakSa pramANa ke saMbaMdha meM hamAre para jo doSa lagAyA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki hama aisA mAnate haiM ki jahA~ vyabhicAra-doSa hotA hai, vahA~ pratyakSa pramANa bhI nirdoSa nahIM ho sakatA hai| hama bauddha yahI kahate haiM ki do candra-darzana meM to nirdoSatA nahIM rahatI hai, kyoMki AkAza-maMDala meM candramA to eka hai, kintu yadi do dikhAI dete haiM, to yaha samajhanA cAhie ki yaha pratyakSa dUSita hai| yadi isake viparIta mAna leM ki yaha khambhA hai, khambhA eka hI hai aura hameM bhI eka hI dikhAI de rahA hai, to samajhanA cAhie ki yaha pratyakSa nirdoSa hai, bAdhA Adi doSoM se rahita hai| 305 dekheM - bauddha-pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, pR. 310 500 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 386, 387 57 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 386, 387
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________________ 238 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jaina - bauddhoM ke isa tarka kI samIkSA karate hue jainAcArya ratnaprabhasari kahate haiM ki hama pratyabhijJA kI pramANatA kA lakSaNa mAtra 'saMkalanA' ko hI nahIM mAnate haiM, kintu 'sva aura para' kA nizcaya karAne vAlA jo jJAna haiM, vahI pramANa hai| pramANa kA aisA sAmAnya lakSaNa jahA~ bhI vidyamAna hotA hai, use hI pramANa mAnate haiN| jo saMkalanAtmaka-jJAna hai, vaha pratyabhijJAna tabhI kahalAtA hai, jaba usameM yaha lakSaNa ghaTita haiM, arthAta saMkalanAtmaka jo jJAna hai, vaha sAmAnya lakSaNa se yukta hone para hI pramANarUpa hotA hai| sAmAnya lakSaNa se yukta hote hue bhI jo vizeSa lakSaNa hotA hai, vahI lakSaNa nirdoSa hotA hai| udAharaNasvarUpa, 'sAsnA' yaha gAya kA vizeSa-lakSaNa hai, parantu cetanA yaha prANImAtra kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai| sAmAnya go jAti meM sAsnA pAI jAtI hai aura sAsnA ke vizeSa lakSaNa se hI gAya kI pahacAna hotI hai| cetanA prANImAtra kA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai, arthAta saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI meM cetanA pAyI jAtI hai, kintu yadi miTTI kI gAya meM sAsnA vizeSa ke hone para bhI yadi cetanatva (sAmAnya lakSaNa) na haiM, to usa miTTI kI gAya ko "cetanAyukta gAya" nahIM kaha sakate haiN| ThIka isI prakAra sAmAnya lakSaNa ke hote hue jo vizeSa lakSaNa hotA hai, vahI lakSaNa 'lakSaNa' kahalAtA hai| ___ jaina - punaH, jaina-dArzanika kahate haiM ki nakha, keza, coTI Adi ke saMbaMdha meM hama jo kathana karate haiM, vaha mAtra vyavahAra ke AdhAra para karate haiM, sAmAnya lakSaNa se nahIM karate haiN| vastutaH to hama bhI yaha jAnate haiM ki nakha, keza, coTI Adi kaTane ke bAda navIna hI utpanna hote haiM, kintu vyavahAra ke AdhAra para punaH unhIM niyata sthAna para utpanna hone ke kAraNa yaha avazya kaha dete haiM ki yaha vahI nakha hai, yaha vahI keza hai, yaha vahI coTI hai, arthAt nakha, keza, coTI kaTakara bhI cAhe dUsare bhI A jAe~, taba bhI vyavahAra ke AdhAra para yaha vahI nakha, keza, coTI Adi haiM- aisA kahA jAtA hai| kisI vyakti ko hamane dasa sAla bAda dekhA hai, to dasa sAla meM badalakara bhI vaha vahI rahatA hai, kintu "sva-para-vyavasAyIrUpa jJAna sAmAnya lakSaNa aura usase yukta vizeSa lakSaNa (saMkalanA) jahA~ dekhA jAtA hai, vahI jJAna pramANarUpa hotA hai| nakha, keza, coTI Adi meM nizcayAtmakajJAna na hone ke kAraNa unheM pratyabhijJA-pramANarUpa nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, kintu isakA tAtparya yaha bhI nahIM ki saMkalanAtmaka-jJAna pratyabhijJArUpa 308 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 387
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 239 nahIM hotA hai| vaha avazya hI pratyabhijJArUpa hotA hai| itanA avazya hai ki ayathArtha pratyabhijJA meM sAmAnya lakSaNa nahIM hone para bhale hI doSa utpanna hote hoM, kintu yathArtha pratyabhijJA to sAmAnya aura vizeSa-ina donoM lakSaNoM se yukta hone para usameM kisI prakAra kA koI bhI doSa utpanna nahIM hotA hai, 'yaha vahI gAya hai ityAdi meM koI bhI doSa utpanna nahIM hotA hai, ataH, pratyabhijJA avazya hI pramANarUpa siddha hotI hai| 09 bauddha - isI sandarbha meM, bauddha-dArzanika apane kSaNikavAda kI puSTi karane ke lie kahate haiM ki jagata ke sabhI padArthoM ke kSaNabhaMgura hone se pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa nahIM hotI hai, ekatA kA jo grahaNa hai, vaha bhrAntirUpa hai, arthAt hamAre kahane kA Azaya yaha hai ki saMkalanAtmaka-jJAna ekatvarUpa hone se bhrAntirUpa hI hai| pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa vinAzazIla hote haiN| jaba koI bhI padArtha do kSaNa ke lie bhI sthAyI nahIM hai, to "yaha vahI jinadatta hai', 'yaha vahI gAya hai ityAdi udAharaNa meM vartamAnakAla ko bhUtakAla se jor3anA (tulanA karanA), arthAt pUrvApara kI saMkalanArUpa pratyabhijJAnAtmaka ekatvarUpa jJAna bhrAnti (mithyA) rUpa hI hai|10 jaina - isa para, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki pratyeka padArtha dravya aura paryAya se yukta hotA haiM, ataH, usako kSaNabhaMgura nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka padArtha dravya se nitya aura paryAya se anitya hote haiN| Apake bauddhadarzana ke kSaNikavAda kA khaNDana hamane anya sthAna para kara diyA hai, ataH, yahA~ usakA piSTapeSaNa ucita nahIM hai, isalie kSaNabhaMgatA kA bhaMga, arthAt kSaNabhaMgatA nahIM hai, yaha hamArA abhaMga uttara hai|" punaH, jaina-dArzanika kahate haiM ki yaha ThIka hai ki Apa saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha ko bhale hI kSaNika bhI mAna leM, kintu phira bhI sabhI padArthoM meM saMkalanArUpa jo jJAna hai, arthAt ekatvarUpa jo jJAna hotA hai, usako mithyA (bhrAnti) rUpa kahane se ApakA kyA Azaya hai ? arthAt saMkalanAtmaka-jJAna ko Apa bhrAntirUpa kyoM kahate haiM ?112 309 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 387 310 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 388 311 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 388 312 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 388
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________________ 240 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bauddha - isake uttara meM bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki pratyeka padArtha pratyeka samaya meM navIna-navIna hI utpanna hote haiN| cAhe gAya ho, cAhe mahiSa, kiMvA anya koI bhI padArtha ho, ve eka kSaNa ke pazcAt dUsare kSaNa meM vahI nahIM rahate haiM, arthAt do kSaNa bhI sthAyI nahIM rahate haiM, to yaha vahI gAya hai, yaha vahI jinadatta hai, ityAdi meM nityatA (dhruvatA) kA jJAna satya kaise ho sakatA hai ? isalie nae-nae utpanna hone ke svabhAva vAle padArthoM meM jo sAdRzya jJAna hotA hai, arthAt sAmAnya rUpa jo jJAna hotA hai, unakI vaha ekatA hI bhrAnti (mithyA) jJAna kA kAraNa hai, arthAta sAdRzyatA hI bhrAnti kA kAraNa hai| jaina - bauddhoM ke isa tarka kI samIkSA karate hue jainAcArya ratnaprabhasari kahate haiM- acchA Apa yaha batAie ki pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa kSaNika hone se donoM hI bhinna-bhinna haiN| ina donoM ke madhya ekatArUpa-jJAna karAne vAlA 'sAdRzya' nAmaka koI padArtha hai yA nahIM hai ? yadi Apa sAdRzya nAma kA padArtha mAnate haiM, to phira to pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa ke sAtha sAdRzya hogaa| isakA tAtparya yaha hogA ki pUrvApara kSaNoM-kSaNoM ke madhya sadRzatA (samAnatA) batAne vAlI pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa siddha hogii| pariNAma yaha hogA ki muga-marIcikA kA jala apramANarUpa hai, kyoMki vahA~ para svAbhAvika jala to hai nahIM, parantu sarovara, nadI aura samudra Adi kA jala-jJAna to pramANarUpa hai, arthAt vahA~ para vAstavika viSaya rUpI jala hai| ThIka isI prakAra Apa bauddhoM ne pUrvApara-kSaNoM ke kSaNika hote hue bhI ina donoM ke madhya 'sAdRzya' (samAnatA) nAmaka padArtha ko svIkAra kiyA hai, isalie usako viSaya karake utpanna hone vAlA sAdRzya jJAna svaviSaya kA nizcayAtmaka hone se pratyabhijJA bhI pramANarUpa hI siddha hogii| jainAcArya vidyAnanda dvArA bhI pratyabhijJA kI pranANatA kA sthApana - DaoN. dharmacanda jaina 'bauddha-pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA' meM likhate haiM ki vidyAnanda ne do prakAra ke pratyabhijJAna kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai- 1. ekatva-pratyabhijJAna evaM 2. saadRshy-prtybhijnyaan| 'vahI yaha hai isa prakAra, kA jJAna ekatva-pratyabhijJAna tathA yaha vaisA hI hai' aisA jJAna 213 ratnAkarAvatArikA bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri pR. 388 314 ratnAkarAvatArikA bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri pR. 388, 389
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA sAdRzya-pra - pratyabhijJAna hai / ve ina donoM prakAra ke pratyabhijJAnoM ko smRti evaM pratyakSa se bhinna pramANa ke rUpa meM pratiSThita karate haiN| 315 bauddha pratyabhijJAna ke ina donoM prakAroM ko pramANa nahIM mAnane vAle pratipakSI bauddha - dArzanikoM kA kathana hai ki ekatva - pratyabhijJA kA jo svarUpa 'vahI yaha hai ke rUpa meM nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai, usameM 'vahI' pada atIta kA jJAna karAne se smRtirUpa hai tathA 'yaha pada varttamAna kA jJAna karAne se pratyakSarUpa hai| isa prakAra, pratyabhijJAna koI pRthak pramANa nahIM hai, apitu isameM pratyakSa aura smRti do jJAna haiN| sAdRzya - pratyabhijJAna meM bhI isI prakAra 'vaisA hI yaha smRti kA viSaya hai tathA yaha hai- yaha pratyakSa kA viSaya hai, isalie pratyabhijJAna ko pRthak pramANa mAnane kI kalpanA vyartha hai ,316 jaina jaina- dArzanika vidyAnanda ne pratipakSI bauddhoM ko uttara dete hue pratipAdita kiyA hai ki smaraNa aura pratyakSa se janya atIta aura varttamAna meM avasthita eka dravya ko viSaya karane vAlA pratyabhijJAna supratIta hai| smRti dvArA 'vaha' kA jJAna hotA hai tathA pratyakSa dvArA 'yaha' kA jJAna hotA hai, jabaki pratyabhijJAna ina donoM ke saMkalanAtmakarUpa ekatva kA bodhaka hotA hai| jo maiM bAlaka thA, kumAra huA, yuvA huA, madhyama huA, vahI maiM abhI vRddha hU~, aisI pratIti sabako hotI hai| pratyabhijJAna ko svIkAra kie binA pUrvottara kSaNoM meM saMtAna kI ekatA bhI siddha nahIM kI jA sakatI / isI prakAra, pUrvApara vastuoM meM sAdRzya kA jJAna karane ke lie pratyabhijJAna ko pramANarUpa meM svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai / 317 bauddha isake uttara meM bauddha kahate haiM ki pUrvApara - kSaNa meM 'sAdRzya' nAma kA koI bhI padArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki pUrvakSaNa se uttarakSaNa taka tathA usa uttarakSaNa se phira agale uttarakSaNa taka ke samasta padArthoM ko hama vilakSaNa - rUpa hI mAnate haiM, isalie sAdRzya nAma kA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai to phira sadRzatA ( samAnatA) ko batAne vAlI pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa kaise siddha hogI? arthAt nahIM hogI / 318 - 241 DaoN. dharmacaMda jaina pR. 312 315 dekheM - bauddha- pramANa - mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA 316 dekheM - bauddha-pramANa mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacaMda jaina, pR. 312 dekheM - pramANa parIkSA, pR. 42 318 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 389
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________________ 242 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jaina - jaina-dArzanika bauddhoM para AkSepa lagAte hue kahate haiM ki Apa hamAre tarkajAla se chUTakara kahA~ jAoge ? yaha ThIka hai ki Apa sAdRzya ko mata mAno tathA sadRzatA ko batAne vAlI pratyabhijJA ko bhI pramANarUpa mata mAno, kintu phira bhI pUrvAparakSaNa meM sadRzatA nahIM hai, apitu vilakSaNatA (vilakSaNa) hai, aisA Apa mAnate haiM, to isa vilakSaNatA ko batAne vAlI aisI pratyabhijJA, arthAt 'yaha uttarakSaNa pUrvakSaNa se vilakSaNa-rUpa hai' meM vilakSaNatA kA bodha pratyabhijJA-pramANa se hI prApta hogA, arthAta pratyabhijJA hI to siddha hogii| phalitArtha yaha hai ki yadi Apa pUrvApara padArthoM ko bhale hI kSaNika mAneM, to bhI donoM ke madhya sadRzatA mAneMge, to sadRzatA ko batAne vAlI pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa siddha hogI aura yadi pUrvApara-kSaNoM ko vilakSaNa mAneMge, to "yaha mahiSa, gAya se vilakSaNa hai- isa vilakSaNatA ko batAne vAlI pratyabhijJA bhI pramANarUpa hI siddha hogii|19 bauddha - isa para bauddha sAdRzya aura vaisAdRzya ko chor3akara tIsarA tarka dete hae kahate haiM ki pUrvApara-kSaNoM meM, arthAta pratyeka samaya meM nae-nae padArthoM ke utpanna hone meM sAdRzya athavA vaisAdRzya- donoM hI nahIM haiM, jisase ApakI pratyabhijJA siddha ho, apitu hamArI to yaha avadhAraNA hai ki samasta padArtha paramANuoM kA pracaya-mAtra hI haiM, arthAt paramANuoM kA puMja (samUha) mAtra hI haiM- aisA hama maaneNge| 20 jaina - isa para, jaina-dArzanika turaMta bauddhoM ko agalA tarka dete haiM ki yadi Apa padArthoM ko paramANuoM kA samUhamAtra mAnate haiM, to phira yaha choTA ghaTa, yaha bar3A ghaTa, ina choTe-bar3e ghaToM ke saMbaMdha meM ApakA kyA kathana hogA ? kyA choTe ghaTa se bar3e ghaTa meM paramANu-pracaya adhika hai aura isa choTe ghaTa meM bar3e ghaTa kI apekSA paramANu-pracaya bhI alpa hai, ityAdi rUpa pratyabhijJA to pUrvApara kI saMkalanArUpa aura yathArtha hone se pramANarUpa hI siddha hogii|21 bauddha - aba bauddha-dArzanikoM ke sAdRzya-vaisAdRzya aura paramANu-pracayatva Adi tarka jainoM dvArA khaMDita ho jAne para ve eka nayA tarka prastuta karate hue jainoM se kahate haiM ki yaha ThIka hai ki jisa prakAra sAdRzya bhI nahIM, vaisAdRzya bhI nahIM tathA paramANuoM kA pracayatva bhI nahIM hai, 319 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 389 320 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 389 321 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 389
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA aise hama ina tInoM ko bhI nahIM mAnate haiM, kiMtu hama to aisA kathana karate haiM ki yaha nIlavarNa vAlA, yaha pItavarNa vAlA- aise bhinna-bhinna paramANu - mAtra hI haiN| yadi hama paramANuoM kA puMja - vizeSa kaheMge, to vahA~ para choTe-bar3e kI kalpanA karanI par3egI aura pratyabhijJA kI pramANatA ko bhI svIkAra karanA par3egA, kintu hameM to ApakI pratyabhijJA svIkArya na hone ke kAraNa hama to aisA mAnate haiM ki mAtra nIla-pIta Adi varNavAle eka-eka tathA bhinna-bhinna paramANu hI tAttvika yA yathArtha- padArtha haiM tathA sabhI padArtha kada meM eka samAna hone se choTe-bar3oM kA bheda hI samApta ho jAtA hai, ataH, ApakI pratyabhijJA kisI bhI rUpa se siddha ho nahIM sakatI / 922 jaina isa para, jaina bauddhoM para vyaMgya karate hue kahate haiM- aho ! yaha kaisI AzcaryakArI bAta hai ki jisa prakAra lenadAra se pakar3A gayA nirdhana denadAra jaise svayaM hI apane kahe hue pakSa kA apalApa karake bhI bhAgane kI ceSTA karatA hai, arthAt jisa prakAra koI denadAra nirdhana hone ke kAraNa jaba-jaba usako lenadAra vyakti dikhAI detA hai, taba-taba vaha kahatA hai ki maiM pA~ca-paccIsa dina meM Apake paise lauTA dU~gA- aisA vAyadA karake vaha bhAga jAtA hai, kintu vaha denadAra hakIkata meM eka bhI vAyadA pUrNa nahIM karatA hai, usI prakAra Apa bauddha bhI kabhI to sadRzatA ko, to kabhI visadRzatA ko to kabhI paramANu- pracayatva - vizeSa ko aise bhinna-bhinna pakSoM kI sthApanA karake hamAre jainoM ke siddhAMta meM doSoM kA AropaNa karate haiM, kintu aMta meM sabhI pakSoM ko chor3akara Apa bauddha bhAga jAte haiM, ataH, ApakA eka bhI pakSa samucita nahIM lagatA hai| 1923 - punaH, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM para AkSepa lagAte hue kahate haiM ki Apa to eka ke bAda eka nae-nae siddhAMtoM ko prastuta karate gae evaM bAda meM unhIM siddhAMtoM ko nakArate bhI ge| jaba Apane kahA ki hama sAdRzya ko mAnate haiM, to hama jainoM ne Apake dvArA mAnya sAdRzyatA kA khaNDana kiyA, taba Apane sAdRzya ko chor3akara vaisAdRzya ko mAna liyA, to hamane usakA bhI khaNDana kara diyA, phira Apane paramANu- pracayatva kA sahArA liyA, to usako bhI hamane khaMDita kara diyaa| isa prakAra, Apane vibhinna siddhAMtoM kA sahArA lekara apane pakSa ko nirdoSa sAbita karane kA prayatna kiyA, kintu antataH Apake tarka nirdoSa siddha nahIM ho ske| aba Apa yaha 322 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 390 323 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 389 243
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA batAie ki yadi ApakA padArtha sadRzatA, yA visadRzatA, yA paramANu-pracayatvarUpa nahIM hai aura mAtra nIla - pItAdi pratyeka paramANu retI ke kaNa ke samAna svataMtra rUpa hI haiM, to phira yaha batAie ki Apane sAdRzya-vaisAdRzya yA pracayatva - vizeSa Adi eka-eka pakSa kI sthApanA karake una sabakA uttara kyoM diyA ?324 244 bauddha isa para bauddha - dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki sAdRzya-vaisAdRzya aura paramANu -pracayatva ityAdi pakSoM kI mAnasika - kalpanA mAtra Apa jainoM ko samajhAne taka hI sImita thI, kiMtu vaha ghaTa-paTa ke samAna tAttvika jJAna se yukta bAhya-padArtharUpa kucha bhI nahIM thI / tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba Apa hamAre siddhAntoM para doSa batA rahe, to hamane kahA ki ThIka hai, nae-nae vikalpoM kI kalpanA karake apane para lagAe gae doSoM kA nivAraNa kiyA jAe, isI hetu hamane nae-nae siddhAntoM kI sthApanA kI, kintu jaba Apa jainoM ne hamAre dvArA prastuta sAdRzya-vaisAdRzya evaM pracayatva - vizeSa - isa prakAra, hamAre eka - eka pakSa ko dUSita ( bAdhita) batA diyA, to phira hamane kahA ki hama sadRzatA Adi-rUpa bAhyArtha kI sattA ko to svIkAra karate hI nahIM haiM / 325 jaina isa para, jaina bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki jaba jisa prakAra Apane apanA bacAva karane ke lie pUrva-kAlpanika sAdRzya- vaisAdRzya aura paramANuoM ke pracayatva - vizeSa ke jo uttara die the, unake samAna hI ApakA yaha uttara ki 'nIla aura pIta Adi varNa vAle pratyeka svataMtra paramANu tathyarUpa haiM- aise uttara-rUpa jo Apane antima pakSa svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha antima pakSa bhI pUrvapakSoM ke samAna hI kAlpanika hai, aisA kyoM nahIM mAna lete ho ? usa pakSa ko tathyarUpa mAnane kI kyA AvazkatA hai ? arthAt Apa bauddhoM ko nIlapItAdi svataMtra paramANuoM ko bhI kAlpanika hI bhAna lenA cAhie 1 328 - bauddha isake samAdhAna meM bauddha - dArzanika kahate haiM ki yadi bAhya - paramANuoM ko, jo yathArtha padArtharUpa svIkAra na kareM aura mAtra kAlpanika mAna leM, to phira to ye paramANu pIta hI haiM aura ye paramANu nIla hI haiM- aise bheda kA ullekha kaise saMbhava hogA ? jaise mRga marIcikA kA - 324 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 390 325 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 390, 391 326 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 391
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jala kAlpanika hotA hai, to usake saMbaMdha meM yaha jala mIThA hai, yaha jala khArA hai - aisA bhedollekha karanA bhI saMbhava nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki jaba pAnI hI nahIM hogA, to khAre aura mIThepana kI bAta hI kaise saMbhava hogI ? isI prakAra, jaba paramANu hI mithyArUpa yA kAlpanika hoMge, to yaha paramANu nIlA hai, yaha pIlA hai- aisA ullekha bhI kaise hogA ? arthAt nahIM hogA / 327 jaina isa para jaina kahate haiM ki yadi aisA hI hai, to phira sAdRzya aura vaidRzya Adi meM bhI bheda ( bhinnatA) kA ullekha kaise hogA ? arthAt gavaya kI gAya se sadRzatA bhI mithyA yA kAlpanika hI hogI, phira bhI vahA~ sadRzatA kA hI vikalpa kyoM hotA hai ? isI prakAra mahiSa (bhaiMsa) meM gAya kA vaidRzya bhI mithyA yA kAlpanika hI hone se vahA~ para vaidRzya kA hI vikalpa kyoM hotA hai ? taba to gavaya se gAya kI vaidRzyatA kA aura mahiSa se gAya kI sadRzatA kA bhI anubhava honA cAhie, jo kabhI hotA hI nahIM hai | 328 bauddha isa para bauddhoM kA kahanA hai ki sAdRzya aura vaidRzya Adi kAlpanika hote hue bhI ina donoM ke madhya vikalpa (bheda) kI vAsanA (saMskAra) hone se usa vAsanA (saMskAra) ke kAraNa aisA ullekha hotA hai, kintu nIla - pIta Adi paramANuoM ko bhI tathyarUpa mAne binA unheM mAtra kAlpanika mAnakara vAsanA ke bala se hI unameM 'yaha nIla hai aura yaha pIta haiM- aisA bheda (vikalpa) karanA saMbhava nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki nIla- paramANuoM meM pIta kI aura pIta - paramANuoM meM nIla kI vAsanA kadApi saMbhava nahIM hotI hai, parantu nIla meM nIla kI aura pIta meM pIta kI vAsanA hI saMbhava hotI hai, isalie niyata rUpa se hone vAlI vAsanA kA udbodhaka ( jJApaka) kisI na kisI bAhya padArtha ko to yathArtha mAnanA hI par3egA na ? bAhyArtha ko tathyarUpa mAne binA niyata-rUpa vAlI vAsanA kA janma kaise hogA ?329 - jaina isa para jaina kahate haiM ki Apake isa kathana se ki 'bAhya-padArtha jo tathyarUpa na ho, to niyata - rUpa se vAsanA bhI nahIM hogI, hama jainoM kA to koI virodha nahIM hai, parantu hamArA kahanA hai ki paramANuoM ke samAna sAdRzyAdi ko bhI Apako tathyarUpa svIkAra kara lenA cAhie, kyoMki sAdRzyAdi ko bhI yadi vAstavika padArtharUpa nahIM mAneMge aura mAtra - 245 327 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 391 328 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 391 329 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 391
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kAlpanika mAneMge, to phira niyatarUpa se jo vAsanA utpanna hotI hai, vaha ghaTita hI nahIM hogI, ataH Apa bauddhoM se hamArA anurodha hai ki jisa prakAra nIla, pIta Adi paramANu- vizeSa yathArtha haiM, arthAt tathyarUpa haiM- aisA mAnate ho, usI prakAra Apako sAdRzyAdi ko bhI tathyarUpa haiM- aisA svIkAra kara lenA cAhie, anyathA Apake kathana meM prAmANikatA nahIM mAnI jAegI | 330 246 isa prakAra, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki sAdRzya aura vaidRzya Adi siddha hote hue jaba gavaya yA mahiSa dikhAI de, taba pUrva meM dekhI huI gAya ke AkAra ke sAtha saMkalanA karake ki yaha gavaya pUrva meM dekhI huI gAya ke samAna hai aura yaha mahiSa pUrva meM dekhI huI gAya se visadRza (vijAtIya) hai - aisA bodha hogaa| yaha bodha to pUrvApara-saMkalanA ke AdhAra para hone se hI pratyabhijJA - pramANarUpa kahalAtA hai| yadi hamane pUrva meM kabhI gAya yA mahiSa ko dekhA ho, usake pazcAt phira kabhI gAya yA mahiSa ko dekhate haiM, to hama kahate haiM ki 'yaha gavaya hai' aura 'yaha mahiSa hai / mAtra itanA hI varttamAnakAlIna - jJAna hotA hai, kintu isameM hamane pUrva meM dekhI huI gAya ke sAtha meM saMkalanA nahIM kI, to vahA~ para vaha pratyabhijJA nahIM hogI, apitu vaha cAkSuSa -- jJAna hone se pratyakSa - pramANa hI khlaaegaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyakSa meM sirpha vartamAna kI hI vastu kA bodha hotA hai, kintu pratyabhijJA meM bhUta evaM varttamAna- donoM kA hI bodha hotA hai / punaH, jainAcArya bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki yaha ThIka hai ki Apa bauddhoM ke anusAra 'sAdRzya - vaidRzya Adi ko bAhya-padArtharUpa nahIM mAneM yA kAlpanika hI mAneM, to bhI pratyabhijJA to anumAna ke samAna pramANarUpa hI siddha hogI, kyoMki anumAna dvArA jAnane yogya 'agnitvAdi sAmAnya bhI Apake anusAra to kAlpanika hI hai, vaha ghaTa-paTa ke samAna dRzyamAna bAhya-padArtharUpa nahIM hai, athavA jaise bhUmi para ghaTa-paTa bAhya rUpa se dRSTigocara hote haiM, usI prakAra 'agnitva' Adi sAmAnya guNa dharma to kahIM para bhI dikhAI nahIM dete, jo dikhAI detA hai, vaha agnitva na hokara agni- vizeSa hI hai| isa AdhAra para, 'yatra - yatra dhUmastatra tatra vahniH' arthAt jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hai- aisA sAmAnya-rUpa vyApti - saMbaMdha nahIM banatA hai, kintu phira bhI dhUma se agni kA jJAna to hotA hI hai aura Apa bauddha bhI usako pramANarUpa mAnate hI haiN| Apa bauddhoM kA kahane kA 330 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 392
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 247 Azaya yahI hai ki padArtha ko yathArtha mAne binA usakA hetu yA liMga ke sAtha tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti-rUpa saMbaMdha banatA nahIM hai, jisase vyApti-sambandha kI sthApanA ho ske| hama jaina Apa bauddhoM se yaha pUchate haiM ki yadi Apa vyApti meM jo tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM, vaha kyA kalpanAjanya mAnate haiM ? isa AdhAra para to agni meM jo dAhakatA kA guNa hai, kyA vaha guNa kalpanAjanya hai ? sAtha hI, agni se dhue~ kI utpatti bhI hotI hai, ataH, agni aura dhue~ meM tadutpatti-saMbaMdha bhI hai ? isa prakAra, tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti- ye donoM hI saMbaMdha yathArtha haiM, kAlpanika nahIM haiN| kalpanA se koI saMbaMdha banatA bhI nahIM hai| ina donoM prakAra ke saMbaMdhoM se yukta liMga (dhuA~), artha (agni) ko yathArtha mAne binA koI saMbaMdha saMbhava hI nahIM hai| hetu yA liMga (dhue~) ke binA liMgI (agni) kA jJAna hotA nahIM hai| liMga ke jJAna ke binA pUrva meM anubhUta sAdhya-sAdhana ke saMbaMdha kA bhI smaraNa nahIM hotA hai aura pUrva-saMbaMdha ke smaraNa ke binA vyApti nahIM banatI hai, vyApti-saMbaMdha ke binA anumAna bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| isakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki- 1. artha (agni) se liMga (hetu) ke tadutpatti-saMbaMdha kA jJAna 2. liMga (dhue~) ke dvArA liMgI (agni) kA jJAna tathA 3. liMga-liMgI ke pUrva-saMbaMdha kA smaraNa aura 4. pUrva-smaraNa dvArA vyApti-saMbaMdha kA jJAna aura vyApti-jJAna se anumAna hotA hai| anumAna kI yahI eka prakriyA yA krama hai| isa krama ke calate kramazaH agni aura dhue~ meM rahane vAlA agnitva aura dhUmatva-rUpa sAmAnya kA vikalpa agni aura dhUma-rUpa . svalakSaNa meM yathArtha-saMbaMdha vAlA hone se jaise anumAna-pramANarUpa banatA hai, isI prakAra sAdRzya aura vaidRzya tathA paramANu-pracayatva-vizeSa Adi ko Apake dvArA yathArtha nahIM mAnane para bhI sAdRzyAdi kA svalakSaNa se saMbaMdha hone se pratyabhijJA bhI pramANarUpa kaise nahIM banegI ? arthAt pratyabhijJA bhI pramANarUpa hI siddha hogii| bauddha - isa para, bauddhoM kA jainoM se prazna hai ki 'yaha isake samAna hai isa prakAra, se utpanna hone vAlA jJAna pratyabhijJA-pramANa kahalAtA hai ? yA pratyakSa-pramANa kahalAtA hai ? athavA donoM se bhinna anya koI pramANa kahalAtA hai ? ise spaSTa kreN| 331 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 392, 393 332 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 393
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jaina isake uttara meM jaina - dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki aisA sAdRzya-bodha kahIM pratyabhijJA kahalAtA hai, to kahIM pratyakSa bhI kahalAtA hai, jaise- sAmane gAya dikhAI de rahI hai, kintu pUrva meM anubhUta gavaya (nIlagAya) varttamAna meM nahIM dikhAI de rahI hai, mAtra usakI smRti hai / aisI parokSa gavaya ke sAtha usa samaya upasthita gAya ko dekhakara usakI smRti kI gavaya se sadRzatA kI kalpanA karanA hI pratyabhijJA kahalAtI hai 333 248 bauddha isa saMbaMdha meM bauddhoM kA prazna yaha hai ki jo gavayAdi pUrva meM anubhUta haiM, abhI varttamAna meM pratyakSa nahIM haiM, sirpha mana se hI usakI kalpanA hotI hai yA unake mAnasika- saMskAra haiM, to usa gavayAdi ko jAnane ke lie 'anena' zabda kA prayoga kaise hogA ? etad aura idam- ye donoM to sarvanAma haiN| 'yaha aura vaha' pUrvAnubhUta koI bhI vastu ho, cAhe varttamAnakAlIna ho yA bhUtakAlIna, kintu vaha pratyakSa-bodha ko hI sUcita karatI hai| yathA- yaha ghaTa hai, vaha pUrvAnubhUta ghaTa thA- ina donoM vAkyoM meM 'yaha' aura 'vaha' - aise sarvanAmoM kA prayoga pratyakSAnubhUti kA hI bodhaka hotA hai, parokSa vastu kA bodhaka nahIM hotA hai, to yahA~ sAdRzya batAne hetu 'anena' zabda parokSa ke gavayAdi kA bodhaka kaise hogA ? 334 - jaina isa para, jaina kahate haiM ki 'etad ( vaha )' aura 'idam (yaha ) - ye donoM sarvanAma zabda cAhe pratyakSa padArtha ke hI bodhaka hoM, phira bhI parokSa padArtha ko bhI apane sAmane sAkSAt ke samAna hI darzAte haiN| isa prakAra, kI kalpanA se parokSa padArtha meM bhI pratyakSasUcaka sarvanAmoM kA prayoga ho sakatA hai, jaise 'yaha dhuA~ yahA~ agni kA anumAna karAtA hai, isakA tAtparya yaha hogA ki mahAnasa Adi meM jo agni dekhI thI vaisI hI 'yaha anumAnita agni hai, to yahA~ 'eSa' zabda kA jo prayoga huA hai, vaha pratyakSavartI hote hue parokSa agni ko pratyakSa ke samAna darzAtA hai / 'isa vAkya kA yaha artha hai, jisa samaya aisA bolA gayA hai, usake pazcAt jaba use samajhAyA jAtA hai, to usa uccarita vAkya ke naSTa ho jAne para bhI yA usake parokSa hone para bhI pratyakSa ke samAna usakA artha hotA hai, 'asya' meM hone vAlA idam zabda kA artha hai / ataH, pratyakSa artha kA sUcaka etad aura. idam sarvanAma bhI parokSa-padArtha ke sUcaka bana sakate haiM / isa gAya kI 333 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 393 334 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 394
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA pUrva meM dekhI huI gAya ke sAtha sadRzatA hai| isameM idam zabda kA artha yathArtha hI hai / isa prakAra, se, jahA~ pUrvAnubhUta kA smaraNa hotA hai, vahA~ usako pratyabhijJA hI samajhanA caahie| 335 dUsare, jisa samaya gAya bhI sAmane ho aura gavaya bhI sAmane ho, arthAt ye donoM hamAre sAmane hI vidyamAna hoM aura ina donoM ko hama pratyakSa-pramANa se dekha rahe haiM, to usa samaya una donoM ke madhya sadRzatA kI anubhUti bhI 'pratyakSa hI kahalAegI, pratyabhijJA nahIM khlaaegii| kAraNa spaSTa hI hai ki pratyabhijJA meM to anubhUti aura smRti- donoM hetu banate haiM, kintu yahA~ to gAya aura gavaya- donoM ke pratyakSa hone ke kAraNa mAtra anubhUti hI kAraNa hai, ataH, vaha pratyakSa hI hai, pratyabhijJA nahIM hai / 338 (ba) jainoM ke tarka-pramANa kI bauddhoM dvArA samIkSA jainoM ke prastuta tarka - pramANa kA svarUpa -- bauddhoM dvArA pratyabhijJA ko pramANa nahIM mAnane kI samIkSA karane ke pazcAt bauddhoM dvArA tarka ko bhI pramANa nahIM mAnane ke siddhAnta kI samIkSA bhI ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM kI hai| prastuta prasaMga meM parokSapramANa ke tIsare bheda tarka kI pramANatA ko 1. kAraNa, 2. viSaya aura 3. svarUpa ke dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| upalambha aura anupalambha se hone vAlI tInoM kAla saMbaMdhI vyApti ko jAnane vAlA yaha tarka-pramANa isake hone para hI yaha hotA hai ityAdi AkAra vAlA jJAna tarka- pramANa kahalAtA hai / isakA dUsarA nAma 'Uha' bhI hai | 337 tarka - pramANa kA prathama AdhAra kAraNa-saMbaMdhI bodha hai| ise upalambha, arthAt yaha hone para yaha hotA hai kahA jAtA hai| pratyakSAdi pramANoM se isakA grahaNa hotA hai| dUsarA, hetu anupalambha hai, arthAt isake nahIM hone para yaha nahIM hotA hai, pratyakSAdi pramANAM se grahaNa nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra,, upalambha ke grahaNa se aura anupalambha arthAt abhAva se ina donoM se jisakI utpatti hotI hai, use tarka-pramANa kahate haiN| mahAnasa (rasoIghara) meM dhue~ ke grahaNa ke sAtha agni kA grahaNa aura tAlAba Adi meM agni ke anupalambha arthAt nahIM hone se dhue~ kA anupalambha yA abhAva aisA jo 335 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 394 336 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 394 337 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 394, 395 249 -
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________________ 250 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bodha hotA hai, vahI tarka-pramANa hai| isa prakAra, upalaMbha arthAt vidhi aura anupalaMbha arthAt niSedharUpa anubhava pUrva meM ho jAne ke kAraNa kAlAntara meM parvatAdi meM dhue~ ko dekhane se vahA~ agni hone kA jo anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, usakI utpatti tarka se hotI hai, isalie mahAnasa Adi meM pUrva prApta upalaMbha aura drahAdi meM pUrva prApta anupalaMbha kA jo anubhava hai, vahI tarka kI pramANatA kA kAraNa hai| 338 tAtparya yaha hai ki eka ke hone para eka kA honA upalambha hai, jaise- dhue~ ke hone para agni kA honaa| eka ke na hone para dUsare kA nahIM honA anupalaMbha hai, jaise- agni ke na hone para dhae~ kA bhI na honaa| yaha, upalambha aura anupalambha ke AdhAra se do tathyoM meM vyApti-saMbaMdha kA jo bodha hai, vahI jainoM kA tarka-pramANa hai| isake pazcAt, tarka kA viSaya batAte hue granthakAra kahate haiM ki tInoM kAla meM hone vAlA sAdhya aura sAdhana kA, athavA gamya aura gamaka kA jo avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha vizeSa hai, vaha vyApti kahalAtA hai| yaha vyApti sabhI deza aura sabhI kAla meM avinAbhAva-sambandha rUpa hotI hai| isakA grAhaka tarka-pramANa hai, jaise- jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai ityAdi vyAptisUcaka vAkya meM jahA~-jahA~ aura vahA~-vahA~ kA artha yaha hai ki jisa-jisa kSetra meM aura jisa-jisa kAla meM dhuA~ hai, usa-usa kSetra meM aura usa-usa kAla meM vahA~ agni hotI hai| isa prakAra, sabhI deza ora sabhI kAla meM sAdhya arthAta agni kA aura sAdhana arthAt dhue~ kA jo avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha batAyA hai, use hI tarka-pramANa kahA jAtA hai| isI prakAra, zabda (vAcaka) aura usake artha (vAcya) ke saMbaMdha kA jo bodha hai, vaha bhI tarka kahalAtA hai| saMkSepa meM yadi kaheM, to sAdhya-sAdhana-bhAva athavA vAcya-vAcakabhAva kA jo avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha hai, vaha tarka-pramANa kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra, jainoM dvArA tarka-pramANa ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai|338 yahA~ tarka-pramANa ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa karate hue granthakAra likhate haiM ki sAmane dikhAI dene vAlA dhUma agni ke hone para hI donoM meM anvayarUpa vyApti banAtA hai, arthAt jahA~ dhuA~ hotA hai, vahA~ agni hotI hai| aise anvayarUpa vyApti-sambandha kA bodha tarka kahalAtA hai| sAtha hI Aga ke abhAva meM dhue~ kA bhI abhAva honA- aisA vyatirekarUpa 338 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 395 339 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 395
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 251 vyApti-saMbaMdha kA bodha bhI tarka-pramANa hI hai| prathama anvaya-vyApti kA aura dUsarA vyatireka-vyApti kA jJAna hai| jina-jina zabdoM kA prayoga hama jisa artha meM karate haiM, ve zabda apane usa vAcyArtha kA bodha karA dete haiM, jaisejaba ghaTa zabda uccArita karate haiM, to 'gha' aura 'Ta' ke saMyoga se banA huA ghaTa zabda ghaTa nAmaka vastu kA vAcaka hotA hai| aba yaha ghaTa zabda apane vAcyAnusAra pRthu budhnodarAdi AkAra vAle padArtha kA hI bodha karAegA, paTAdi padArtha kA nhiiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki pRthu budhnodarAdi AkAra vAlA jo padArtha hai, usakA bodha ghaTa zabda hI hogA, ataH, vAcya vastu kA vAcaka-zabda ke sAtha jo saMbaMdha kA bodha hotA hai, usako bhI anvayarUpa tarka-pramANa jAnanA caahie| isa prakAra, sAdhya-sAdhana-saMbaMdha ke AlaMbana vAlA, athavA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha ke AlaMbana vAlA jo anubhava yA jJAna hai, vahI tarka-pramANa kahalAtA hai| tarka-pramANa ke khaMDana hetu bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - bauddha - bauddha-dArzanika tarka kI pramANatA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki Apake tarka-pramANa ko pramANa nahIM mAnane se pratyakSa, anumAna Adi pramANoM kI apramANatA kI Apatti (doSa) kyoM AegI?41 jaina - isake uttara meM jaina kahate haiM ki tarka ko apramANa mAnane ke kAraNa anumAna kI pramANatA bhI nahIM rahegI, kyoMki sAdhya-sAdhana ke saMbaMdha kI prApti ke upAya kA hI abhAva hone se anumAna kI pramANatA siddha nahIM hogii| anumAna kI siddhi to vyApti-jJAna se hotI hai aura vyApti-jJAna kI prApti kA upAya tarka-jJAna hai| Apa bauddha tarka-jJAna ko pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM, to tarka-pramANa ke abhAva meM vyApti-jJAna nahIM hogA aura binA vyApti ke anumAna kaise siddha hogA ? aura 'binA anumAna ke pratyakSa-pramANa bhI pramANa nahIM kahalAegA ?42 pratyakSa-pramANa se padArthoM ko jAnakara pravartita hotA huA pramAtA saMvAda kI anubhUti kara 'yaha jJAna-pramANa hai- aisA mAnatA hai aura visaMvAda kI anubhUti kara 'yaha jJAna apramANa hai- isa prakAra, kI vyavasthA 'anumAna' 340 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 395, 396 341 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 396 342 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 397, 396
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________________ 252 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ke AdhAra para karatA hai| yaha jJAna pramANa hai yA apramANa hai- aisA nirNaya karane kI zakti mAtra viveka-jJAna se hI saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki utpatti ke samaya meM to pramANatva aura apramANatva- ye donoM hI jJAna samAna svabhAva vAle hI hote haiN| saMvAda aura visaMvAda dvArA hI unakI pramANatA aura apramANatA kA nirNaya hotA hai tathA isI se anumAna kI pramANatA kA bhI nizcaya ho jAtA hai| jaina-dArzanika kahate haiM ki mRga-marIcikA ke jala meM aura sarovara ke jala meM 'yaha jala hai- aisA jJAna to donoM meM samAna rUpa se hI hotA hai, tatpazcAta snAna, pAna Adi arthakriyA ke rUpa meM jaba usameM hamArI pravRtti hotI hai, taba yaha nirNaya hotA hai ki yaha vAstavika jala hai yA mRga-marIcikArUpa mAtra bhrAnti hai| jala ke abhAva meM snAna, pAna Adi arthakriyA meM pravRtti nahIM hotI hai, ataH, mRga-marIcikA ke jala meM jala saMbaMdhI kriyA kA visaMvAda hone se hama aisA anumAna karate haiM ki yaha jala-jJAna apramANarUpa hai 'jabaki sarovara ke jala meM snAna, pAna Adi arthakriyA se saMvAda hone se aisA anumAna karate haiM ki yaha jala-jJAna pramANarUpa hai| isa prakAra, se, saMvAditA aura visaMvAditA- ina donoM hetuoM dvArA jJAna ke pramANya apramANya kA nirNaya ho jAtA hai, isalie hama jaina kahate haiM ki yadi Apa tarka ko pramANarUpa nahIM mAneMge, to vyApti-jJAna kI apratipatti hone se anumAna bhI pramANarUpa nahIM hogA aura anumAna ke binA saMvAditA-visaMvAditA ke jJAna se hone vAlA pramANatva yA apramANatva kA pratyakSa jJAna bhI apramANarUpa hI hogA, kyoMki pratyakSa jJAna ke pramANya kA nizcaya karane hetu anumAna kI jarUrata hotI hai aura anumAna ke lie vyApti-jJAna kI jarUrata hotI hai, vyApti-jJAna ke lie tarka kI jarUrata hotI hai| isa prakAra, yadi Apa anumAna ke mUla AdhAra tarka ke pramANya kA hI niSedha kara deMge, to phira vyApti-jJAna, anumAnajJAna aura pratyakSajJAnaaise eka-eka karake sabhI apramANa ho jAeMge, jisase Apa para sarvazUnyatA ke doSa kA AropaNa hogaa| punaH, Apa bauddha anumAna aura pratyakSa ke binA prameya kI vyavasthA bhI kaise kara sakeMge ? kyoMki tarka ke binA vyApti nahIM, vyApti ke binA anumAna nahIM, anumAna ke binA pratyakSa nahIM aura pratyakSa ke binA prameya bhI nahIM ityAdi sarvazUnyatA A jAegI, kintu yaha 543 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 397 344 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 397, 398
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 253 zUnyatA bhI to Apake apane mata meM ghaTita nahIM hogI, kyoMki zUnyatA ko bhI siddha karane ke lie Apako pramANa to denA hI pdd'egaa| binA pramANa ke zUnyatA kI pratipatti bhI saMbhava nahIM hogii|15 bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika jaina-dArzanika kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki hamArA to yahI maMtavya hai ki tarka ko pramANa mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| hamArI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki nimna pA~ca jJAnoM se hI vyApti-jJAna kA bhI nirNaya ho jAtA hai- 1. sarvaprathama, rasoIghara meM bhUtala para dhUma Adi ke abhAva kA jJAna 2. dUsare, usI rasoIghara meM agni ke utpanna hone para agni kA jJAna (agni kI upalabdhi) 3. tIsare, usa agni meM se utpanna dhue~ kA jJAna (dhUma kI upalabdhi) 4. cauthe, agni ke bujha jAne se agni kA abhAva (agni kI anupalabdhi) aura 5. pA~caveM, agni ke bujha jAne se dhue~ kA abhAva (dhUma kI anuplbdhi)| isa prakAra, ina pA~coM jJAna meM se kramazaH dUsarA aura tIsarA- ye donoM upalambharUpa aura zeSa tInoM anupalambharUpa- aise kula pA~ca jJAnoM meM se vyApti-jJAna ho jAtA hai, tarka-pramANa kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| ina pA~coM meM se dUsarA aura tIsarA jJAna cAkSuSa-pratyakSa hone se upalambharUpa hai, arthAt pratyakSarUpa hai aura pahalA, cauthA aura pA~cavA~- ye tInoM jJAna-anupalaMbharUpa haiM aura yaha anupalaMbha (anupasthita) rUpa jJAna bhI pratyakSarUpa hai| binA agni evaM dhUma ke mAtra bhUtala dikhanA bhI anupalabharUpa pratyakSa jJAna hai, isalie zeSa tIna anupalaMbha yA anupalabdhirUpa jJAna bhI rasoIghara meM agni evaM dhUma se rahita bhUtala ke pratyakSarUpa hI haiM, ataH, pratyakSa jJAna dvArA bhI jaba agni hogI, tabhI dhuA~ hogA aura agni ke samApta hone para dhuA~ bhI samApta ho jAegA, ataH, pratyakSa jJAna se hI vyApti-jJAna ho jAtA hai, tarka ko pramANabhUta mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| jaina - bauddha-dArzanika dvArA tarka ko pramANa na mAnane para jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki upalaMbha (vidhi) aura anupalaMbha (pratiSedha) svarUpa jo pratyakSa jJAna hai, vaha to kisI nizcita kSetra aura nizcita kAla ke saMbaMdha meM hI utpanna hotA hai, arthAta vaha bhI mAtra rasoIghara ko aura usameM bhI mAtra vartamAnakAla ko hI viSaya kara sakatA hai aura vahA~ dhUma 345 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 398 346 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 398, 399 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 399
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________________ 254 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA tathA agni kI upasthiti yA anupasthiti ko batAne vAlA hai, paraMtu vaha sabhI dezoM aura sabhI kAloM meM agni aura dhue~ ke avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha ko grahaNa nahIM karatA hai| agni aura dhue~ kA yaha saMbaMdha bhI mAtra rasoIghara taka aura vaha bhI vartamAnakAla taka hI sImita hai| pratyakSa kI sImA kSetra-vizeSa aura kAla vizeSa hI haiM, usase anumAna bhI rasoIghara aura vartamAnakAla taka hI ho sakatA hai| hama jainoM ke anusAra, pratyakSa to kisI deza-vizeSa aura kAla-vizeSa taka hI sImita hogaa| aisI sthiti meM Apa (bauddha) vizeSa se sAmAnya para kaise pahu~ceMge ? dUsare, vyApti to sAmAnya hotI hai aura Apa sAmAnya ko to kAlpanika mAnate haiM, yathArtha nahIM, ataeva parvata para dhue~ ke dikhAI dene para bhI parvata kI guphA meM rahI huI agni kA jJAna kaise hogA? ataH, hama jaina yaha mAnate haiM ki isa pratyakSa se to mAtra vartamAnakAlika sambandha kA jJAna hogA, jabaki vyApti to traikAlika-jJAna hai| jaba taka Apa bauddha agni aura dhue~ ke saMbaMdha ke viSaya meM bhUta aura bhaviSya kA bhI jJAna nahIM kareMge, taba taka vyApti-jJAna nahIM hogaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyakSa pramANa niyata kSetra aura niyata kAla ko hI viSaya karatA hai aura isase vyApti-saMbaMdha bhI niyata-kSetra aura niyata-kAla viSayaka hI hogaa| isa kAraNa se, parvata kI guphA meM agni kA anumAna mAtra parvata para dhue~ ke dekhane se nahIM hotA hai, apitu agni aura dhue~ ke traikAlika aura sArvadezika vyApti-saMbaMdha ke jJAna se hotA hai| bauddha - isa para, bauddha kahate haiM ki pratyakSa ke bala (jJAna) para kisI niyata kSetra aura kAla vAle dhue~ aura agni ke saMbaMdha se mAnasika-vikalpa utpanna hote haiM aura una vikalpoM ke AdhAra para traikAlika-vyApti kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, jisake AdhAra para anumAna karake sabhI dezoM aura sabhI kAloM meM vyApti-saMbaMdha mAna liyA jAtA hai, jisase parvatAdi para dhue~ ko dekhakara guphA Adi meM bhI agni ke hone kA anumAna kara liyA jAtA hai| punaH, bauddha kahate haiM ki hama to pratyakSa ke bala para sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha (vyApti-saMbaMdha) kA vikalpa kara lete haiN| jaina - isa para, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki antataH to Apane hamAre tarka-pramANa ko svIkAra kara hI liyA hai, kyoMki 348 ratnAkarAyatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 399 349 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 399, 400
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA binA tarka - jJAna ke vyApti siddha nahIM hotI aura vyApti ke hone para hI anumAna prAmANika hotA hai, ataH hama jaina bhI to yahI kahate haiM, jisako Apane aba mAnyatA dI hai| cUMki sabhI deza aura kAla ke viSaya vAlA tarka - vikalpa pUrva meM anubhavita upalaMbha aura anupalaMbha se utpanna hotA hai, ataH, vyApti - jJAna meM isI tarkarUpa vikalpa ko hI pramANa mAnanA hogA, yathA- 'agni ke hone para dhuA~ hotA hai aura 'agni ke nahIM hone para dhuA~ bhI nahIM hotA hai - isa prakAra, hamAre anusAra pUrva meM anubhavita upalaMbha aura anupalaMbharUpa pratyakSa pramANa se sabhI deza aura sabhI kAla meM vyApti-saMbaMdha kA jo vikalpa utpanna hotA hai, vahI tarka hai aura isI tarka pramANa se sabhI deza aura sabhI kAla ke vyApti-saMbaMdha kA jJAna hotA hai, isalie vyApti kI prApti ke lie tarkarUpa vikalpa ko hI pramANarUpa mAnanA cAhie, kintu kisI eka niyata deza evaM kAla ko anubhavita- rUpa pratyakSa-pramANa nahIM mAnanA cAhie / 3250 bauddha isa para bauddha - dArzanika kahate haiM ki nahIM, aisA nahIM hotA hai| tarkarUpa vikalpa - jJAna pUrva meM hue pratyakSa se jo jJAna prApta kiyA thA, usI pUrva meM hue pratyakSa se anubhavita jJAna ko hI punaH prastuta karatA hai, arthAt pUrva meM jo pratyakSa jJAna kiyA thA, usI kA punaH bodha hotA hai, kintu usase adhika kucha nahIM hotA hai, ataH, pratyakSa pramANa ko hI vyApti - jJAna meM pramANa mAnanA caahie| isake lie alaga se tarka ko pramANa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai | 351 1 -- jaina bauddhoM ke isa tarka kI samIkSA karate hue jainAcArya kahate haiM ki yadi Apa yahI tarka dete haiM ki pUrva meM anubhavita pratyakSa jJAna ke viSaya ko hI tarka-pramANa punaH prastuta karAtA hai aura isase adhika kucha nahIM karatA hai aura isa prakAra, pratyakSa jJAna se hI vyApti - jJAna ho jAtA hai, alaga se tarka-pramANa kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai Adi jo dalIleM Apane peza kI haiM, to phira to vyApti - jJAna hone ke bAda unase hone vAlA jo 'tasmAt parvato bahmamAnneva ityAdi rUpa anumAna - jJAna hai, usako bhI pUrva meM hue pratyakSa jJAna kA pariNAma mAnanA hogaa| isa prakAra, to, anumAna - jJAna bhI mahAnasa (rasoIghara) Adi meM pUrva meM anubhUta dhUmagrAhI pratyakSa jJAna ko hI viSaya karatA hai, isase adhika kucha bhI nahIM karatA hai, 350 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 400 351 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 400 255
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________________ 256 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA to use bhI Apako pratyakSa pramANa hI mAnanA cAhie, anumAna ko alaga se pramANa mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ?352 bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM dvArA die gae uparyukta takoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki Apake uparyukta tarka ucita nahIM haiM ki 'anumAna bhI liMgagrAhI pratyakSa ko hI viSaya karatA hai| yaha to spaSTa hai ki liMgagrAhI pratyakSa jJAna bhI liMga (dhUma) ko hI viSaya karegA, arthAta dhue~ kA hI jJAna karAegA, kiMtu anumAna to dhue~ kI janaka agni (sAdhya) kA bodhaka hai| yahA~ agnijJAna aura dhue~ kA jJAna- donoM ke viSaya bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH, anumAna mAtra liMgagrAhI pratyakSa nahIM hai|353 jaina - isake uttara meM jaina kahate haiM ki yadi liMgagrAhI pratyakSa jJAna, mAtra liMga kA hI jJAna karAtA hai aura anumAna agni kA jJAna karAtA hai, isa prakAra, pratyakSa dhUma aura anumAna kA viSaya agni hone se anumAna ko Apa pratyakSa se bhinna svataMtra pramANa mAnate haiM, to phira pUrva meM mahAnasa (rasoIghara) Adi meM jo dhUma-agni ke sAtha-sAtha hone kA jo pratyakSa jJAna huA hai, vaha kisI eka vivakSita kSetra evaM kAla meM hI dhUma evaM agni kA jJAna hai, kintu isake bAda hone vAlA jo tarkarUpa vikalpa-jJAna (vyAptijJAna) hai, vaha to sabhI kSetroM aura sabhI kAloM meM hone vAle dhUma-agni ke saha sambandha, arthAt unake vyApti-saMbaMdha kA jJAna hai| isa prakAra, se, jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hai, yaha anvaya-vyAptirUpa sabhI kSetra aura sabhI kAla meM hone vAle sAmAnya dharma kA bodhaka hone se tarka-jJAna bhI anumAna ke samAna hI svataMtra pramANa hai| Apa bauddha isako bAdhita nahIM kara skte| hamArA yaha mAnanA ki 'tarka' eka svataMtra pramANa hai- yaha Apake kisI bhI tarka se khaMDita nahIM hotA hai| bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki Apa to sabhI dezoM aura sabhI kAloM meM hone vAle "sAmAnya-jJAna' ko hI tarka-pramANa mAnate haiM, kintu aisA 'sAmAnya' to hamako amAnya hai, kyoMki hama bauddhoM ke anusAra sAmAnya kI to koI sattA hI nahIM hai, vaha to AkAza-puSpa yA vandhyAputra ke samAna asat hai| aise asat-sAmAnya ko Apa tarka-pramANa kaise mAna sakate haiM, arthAt aisA asata-sAmAnya pramANa 352 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 400 353 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 400. 401 354 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 401
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kaise banegA ? yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki bauddhadarzana ke cAra sampradAya haiM- 1. sautrAntika 2. vaibhASika 3. yogAcAra (vijJAnavAdI) aura 4. mAdhyamika (zUnyavAdI) / inameM se tIsare prakAra ke yogAcAra yA vijJAnavAdI bauddha - dArzanika to mAtra jJAna (vijJAna) ko hI sat mAnate haiM, jJeya yA bAhyArtha ko sat nahIM mAnate haiM / mAdhyamika nAmaka cauthe prakAra ke bauddha - dArzanika to sabako zUnyarUpa mAnate haiM, isalie ve donoM, arthAt yogAcAra aura mAdhyamika jJeya- aise ghaTapaTAdi bAhyArthI ko vastusat nahIM mAnane ke kAraNa dhUma aura agni meM rahe hue sArvakAlika evaM sArvadezika sAmAnya sahasambandha ko bhI amAnya karate haiN| sautrAntika aura vaibhASika- ye donoM bauddha-sampradAya ghaTa-paTa Adi jJeya padArtha ko mAnate haiM, kintu sabhI ko kSaNika mAnane ke kAraNa pratisamaya badalane vAle ghaTa-paTa Adi saba padArtha vizeSa rUpa hI haiM, sAmAnya kucha bhI nahIM haiM- aisI unakI mAnyatA hai| isa prakAra,, bauddhoM ke cAroM sampradAya hI sAmAnya ko vastusat nahIM mAnate haiN| 355 jaina isa para, jaina- dArzanikoM kA bauddhoM se kahanA hai ki yadi Apa sAmAnya ko nahIM mAneMge, to vyApti-saMbaMdha siddha nahIM hogA aura vyApti ke abhAva meM anumAna bhI pramANa kaise siddha hogA ? kyoMki anumAna to sAmAnya kA hI bodha karAtA hai| jaina kahate haiM ki Apake hI 'nyAyabiMdu' nAmaka grantha meM dharmakIrti ne kahA bhI hai ki jo svalakSaNa se anya hai, vaha sAmAnya hai aura vaha sAmAnya hI anumAna kA viSaya hai / padArtha do prakAra ke haiM-- 1. svalakSaNarUpa aura 2. sAmAnya lakSNarUpa / jo svalakSaNarUpa padArtha haiM, ve pratyakSa - pramANa kA viSaya hai aura jo isase bhinna sAmAnya lakSaNarUpa haiM, ve anumAna kA viSaya haiN| hamAre cakSu ke sAmane rahA huA 'ghaTa' padArtha svayaM hI svayaM kA bodha karAne rUpa svalakSaNa se yukta hone ke kAraNa se 'ghaTa' pratyakSa kA viSaya hai aura sabhI kAloM tathA sabhI sthAnoM ke ghaToM meM rahA huA jo 'ghaTatva' hai, vaha sabhI meM pAyA jAne vAlA hone se aura svalakSaNa se anya hone ke kAraNa sAmAnya dharma se yukta hone se Apake anusAra vaha anumAna kA viSaya hai, pratyakSa kA nahIM, kintu isa sAmAnya kA jJAna to vyApti - sambandharUpa tarka-pramANa ke mAne binA saMbhava nahIM hai / 356 355 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 401, 402 356 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 402 257
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bauddha isake uttara meM bauddha - dArzanika kahate haiM ki yadyapi nizcaya meM to anumAna bhI sAmAnya rUpa hone se apramANa hI hai, kintu vyavahAra meM anumAna ko pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| zAstra-puruSoM kA bhI yahI maMtavya (kathana) hai ki sabhI anumAna aura anumeya dharma-dharmIrUpa meM buddhimAtra se kalpita hone ke kAraNa vyavahAra se hI pramANarUpa mAneM gae haiM" / tAtparya yaha hai ki anumeya - yaha dharmI hai aura anumAna - yaha dharma hai, ataH, ye upacAra se kalpita haiM, arthAt Aropita haiM, vAstavika (tAttvika) nahIM haiN| jisa prakAra mRga marIcikA meM jala na hone para bhI jala kI pratIti hotI hai, vahA~ para dUra-dUra se dikhAI dene vAlA jala dharmI hai, isameM, jala kA jJAnayaha dharma hai, jo mAtra buddhi kI kalpanA se Aropita hai, vahA~ vAstavika jalarUpI padArtha nahIM hai| ThIka isI prakAra, anumAna aura anumeya vyavahAra se kalpita (upacarita) haiM, yathArtha nahIM haiM, isalie anumAna ko bhI vyavahAra se hI pramANa mAnanA cAhie, kiMtu vAstavika nahIM, ataH ApakA tarka-pramANa bhI anumAna -pramANa ke samAna mAtra upacarita yA kAlpanika hI hogA, yathArtha nahIM / 357 258 - jaina isa para, jaina kahate haiM ki jaba Apa anumAna ko vyavahAra se pramANa kahate haiM, to phira tarka ko bhI vyavahAra se to pramANa mAna lo / Apake dvArA tarka ko sarvathArUpeNa apramANa kahanA to ucita nahIM hai / 358 - bauddha isake pratyuttara meM bauddha kahate haiM ki yaha tarka to vyavahAra se bhI pramANa nahIM hai, kyoMki tarka to padArtha se sarvathA bhinna hI hai tathA tarka se hone vAle sAmAnya dharma kA bodha bhI vyavahAra se asat hai, ataH, tarka to vyavahAra se bhI pramANarUpa siddha nahIM hotA hai| 359 jaina isa para, jainoM kA kahanA hai ki to phira Apa anumAna ko bhI apramANa hI mAna lo / tAttvika rUpa se yadi use pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM, to phira vyavahAra se use pramANa kyoM mAnate haiM ? jaba Apa yaha kahate haiM ki tarkajJAna to padArtha (vyApti) se sarvathA bhinna hai, to ApakA anumAna bhI to padArtha se sarvathA bhinna hai, arthAt do padArthoM meM vyApti-saMbaMdha kA bodhaka nahIM hai| dUsare, jaise tarka-pramANa sAmAnya kA bodhaka hai, vaise hI AcArya dharmakIrtti ke anusAra anumAna bhI to sAmAnya kA hI bodhaka hai aura Apake 357 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 402 358 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 402 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 402 359
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 259 mata meM sAmAnya asat hai, ataH, jisa prakAra Apa tarka-jJAna ko sAmAnya kA bodhaka hone se vyavahAra se bhI pramANa nahIM mAnate haiM, ThIka usI prakAra anumAna ko bhI asat-sAmAnya kA bodhaka evaM vyApti-jJAna se parAGmukha hone ke kAraNa vyavahAra se bhI apramANa kyoM nahIM mAnate haiM, arthAt Apa bauddha-dArzanikoM ko anumAna ko vyavahAra se bhI apramANa mAnanA caahie| bauddha - isake uttara meM bauddha kahate haiM ki anumAna asat-sAmAnya kA bodha karAne vAlA hone para bhI parokSa rUpa se padArtha ke sAtha saMbaMdha vAlA hone se usako to vyavahAra se pramANa mAna sakate haiM, kintu tarka ko to vyavahAra se bhI pramANa nahIM mAna sakate, kyoMki vaha parokSa rUpa se vizeSa rUpa padArtha se saMbaMdhita nahIM hai|381 jaina - anta meM, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki jaba Apa anumAna ko paraMparA se padArtha kA bodhaka hone se pramANarUpa mAnate haiM, to ThIka isI prakAra, tarka ko bhI to paraMparA se sAmAnyAtmaka-padArtha ke sAtha saMbaMdha vAlA hone se usako bhI pramANa mAna lenA caahie| vastutaH to, anumAna aura tarka donoM hI pramANarUpa hone se sAmAnya ko hI viSaya karate haiM, to phira eka padArtha ke sammukha hai, dUsarA padArtha se parAGmukha hai- aisA bhinna kathana karanA samucita nahIM hai| dUsare, yadi Apa 'sAmAnya' ko sarvathA asat kahakara avasturUpa kahate haiM, to isa para bhI Apako punaH cintana karanA hogA, kyoMki sAmAnya kabhI asatpa nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki padArtha (vastu) sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hI hai| jisa prakAra zera ke bacce ke mukha se dAr3ha ke mUla bhAga ko nikAlanA bhI duSkara hai aura nikAlakara becanA to aura bhI duSkara hai, ThIka usI prakAra, sAmAnya ko avasturUpa siddha karanA bhI duSkara hai| sAmAnya ke binA akele vizeSa kI bhI koI sattA nahIM hai| nitya-tattva (dhruva-dravya) ke binA pratikSaNa vinAzazIla paryAyarUpa padArtha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, isalie 'yaha isake sadRza hai- isa prakAra, se sadRzatA kA sUcaka sAmAnya-pratyakSa Adi pramANoM se jAnA jAtA hai, ataH, pratyakSa pramANa ke samAna hI tarka aura 360 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 403 361 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 403 362 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 403
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________________ 260 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA anumAna tAttvika rUpa se hI pramANa hai| yaha kathana patthara para khIMcI huI rekhA ke samAna amiTa hai, jisako Izvara bhI badala nahIM sakatA hai|383 vyApti-sambandha kI siddhi hetu aviruddha upalabdhirUpa jainoM dvArA mAnya hetu ke chaH bhedoM kI bauddhoM dvArA kI gaI samIkSA jaina-dArzanika vAdidevasUri ne vyApti-saMbaMdha kI siddhi ke sandarbha meM aviruddhopalabdhi ke cha: bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| pramANanayatattvAloka ke tRtIya pariccheda ke 69 veM sUtra meM aviruddhopalabdhi ke nimna cha: bheda batAe haiM- 1. vyApyarUpa hetu kI upalabdhi, 2. kAryarUpa hetu kI upalabdhi 3. kAraNarUpa-hetu kI upalabdhi 4. pUrvacara-hetu kI upalabdhi 5. uttaracara-hetu kI upalabdhi, 6. sahacara-hetu kI upalabdhi / bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - __jaina-dArzanika vAdidevasUri kA kathana hai ki uparyukta chaH aviruddha hetuoM meM se kisI eka ke hone para vyApti-saMbaMdha siddha ho jAtA hai, kintu jainoM kI isa mAnyatA se bauddha-dArzanika sahamata nahIM haiN| bauddha-dArzanika prajJAkara gupta ne isa saMbaMdha meM vistAra se jaina-mAnyatA kI samIkSA kI hai| unakA kahanA hai ki svabhAva-hetu aura kArya hetu- ina donoM hetuoM se hI sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, zeSa cAra hetu, arthAt kAraNa-hetu, pUrvacara-hetu, uttaracara-hetu, aura sahacara-hetu sAdhya kI siddhi meM samartha nahIM haiN| 365 bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kI siddhi hetu prajJAkara ke tarka - (a) kAraNa hetu kI samIkSA - sarvaprathama, prajJAkara ne kAraNa hetu kI samIkSA karate hue yaha kahA hai ki kAraNa ke upasthita hone para kArya kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, kAraNa se kArya kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, dhUma kI utpatti ke lie kAraNa avazya hai, kiMtu agnirUpa kAraNa kI upasthiti hone para dhUmarUpa kArya hotA hI hai- aise avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha yA vyApti-saMbaMdha ke abhAva meM kAraNa-hetu se sAdhya kI siddhi saMbhava nahIM hotI hai| isa 363 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 403 364 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 465 365 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 466
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 261 saMbaMdha meM prajJAkara kA kathana hai ki muramura-avasthA meM agni upasthita hotI hai, kintu vahA~ dhUmarUpa kArya nahIM hotA hai| parvata agnivAn hai, ataH, parvata dhUmavAn hai- yaha anumAna satya siddha ho, aisA Avazyaka nahIM hai| aise aneka udAharaNa haiM, jahA~ agni kI upasthiti hone para bhI dhUma rUpa kArya nahIM hotA hai, ataH, prajJAkara kA kahanA hai ki jaina-dArzanikoM dvArA sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie kAraNa-hetu ko svIkAra karanA ucita nahIM hai| 85 bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kI puSTi kI yuktiyoM kI ratnaprabhasUri dvArA kI gaI samIkSA - jaina - isake pratyuttara meM, jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM likhate haiM ki hama sAmAnya kAraNa ko hetu nahIM kahate haiM, apitu viziSTa kAraNa yA kAraNa-sAkalya ko hI hetu kahate haiN| dhUma kI utpatti meM agni hI ekamAtra kAraNa nahIM hai, agni ke sAtha-sAtha Ardra iMdhana bhI dhUma kI utpatti ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai| isa prakAra, jaina-darzana ke anusAra dhUma kI utpatti meM Ardra Idhanayukta agni hI viziSTa kAraNa yA kAraNa-sAkalya hai| yahA~ ratnaprabhasUri yaha bhI spaSTa karate haiM ki Ardra IMdhana kI upasthiti meM hI agni dhUmarUpa kArya karane meM samartha hotI hai| yahA~ jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabha kA kahanA yaha hai ki apratibaddha sAmarthya vAlI aura ugra sAmagrI vAlI agni, arthAt Ardra iMdhana se yukta agni hI dhUmarUpa kArya kA kAraNa hotI hai| kisI bhI kArya ke hone ke lie jo sAmagrI Avazyaka hai, vaha sampUrNa kAraNa sAmagrI hI kAraNa hotI hai, ataH, ratnaprabha kA kahanA hai ki bauddha kAraNa hetu ke svIkAra karane meM hAI doSa nahIM hai| bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM, bauddha-dArzanika prajJAkara kA kahanA hai ki agni apratibaddha sAmarthya vAlI hai, yA pratibaddha sAmarthya vAlI ? athavA agni ugra arthAt Avazyaka sAmagrI se yukta hai ? yA Avazyaka kAraNa sAmagrI se rahita hai ? yaha jAnanA sAmAnya vyakti ke lie saMbhava nahIM hai| agni kI upasthiti meM bhI dhUmarUpI kArya kA abhAva pratyakSa dekhA jAtA hai, 500 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 466 36 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 466, 467
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________________ 262 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ataH, jaina-dArzanikoM kA sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie kAraNa ko hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA ucita nahIM hai|300 jaina - bauddha-dArzanika prajJAkara gupta ke uparyukta kathana kI samIkSA karate hue jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM punaH likhate haiM ki bauddhadarzana bhI to kAraNa hetu ko svIkAra karatA hai aura kAraNa se kArya kA anumAna bhI karatA hai, ataH, unake dvArA kAraNa-sAkalya ko sAdhya kI siddhi meM hetu ke rUpa meM asvIkAra karanA ucita nahIM hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM ghora aMdhakAra meM Amraphala ke rasa kA AsvAdana karate hue usake rUpa kA cAkSuSa-pratyakSa ke binA anumAna to hotA hI hai, kyoMki kAraNa se hI kArya kI siddhi hotI hai| hA~, itanA avazya hai ki sampUrNa kAraNa (kAraNa-sAkalya) hI kArya kI siddhi karatA hai, isalie hama jaina-dArzanika kAraNa ke aMtargata apratibaddha-zakti aura kAraNa-sAkalya (kAraNa-samUha)- ina donoM tattvoM se yukta kAraNa ko hI hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, ataH, kAraNa (sampUrNa kAraNa) ko sAdhya kI siddhi meM hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane meM koI doSa nahIM hai| bauddha - ratnaprabhasUri ke isa tarka ke pratyuttara meM bauddha-dArzanika apane pakSa kA bacAva karate hue. kahate haiM ki yaha to kAraNa se kArya kI siddhirUpa anumAna nahIM hai, apitu svabhAva-heturUpa anumAna hI hai, kyoMki apratibaMdhita Ardra Idhanayukta agni kA svabhAva hI dhUma kI utpatti karanA hai, ataH, bauddha-dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki jise Apa (jaina) kAraNa-sAkalyarUpa hetu kaha rahe haiM, vaha to vastutaH kAraNa-hetu na hokara svabhAva-hetu hI hai| isa prakAra, bauddha-dArzanika kAraNa-sAkalya-hetu kA antarbhAva svabhAva-hetu meM karake kisI na kisI rUpa meM to kAraNa hetu ko svIkAra kara hI lete haiM, ataH, ratnaprabha kI dRSTi meM bauddhoM kA yaha kahanA ki kAraNa-hetu kArya yA sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie Avazyaka nahIM hai, ucita nahIM hai| punaH, pramANanaya-tattvAloka ke tRtIya pariccheda ke 71 veM sUtra meM jainoM dvArA pUrvacara uttaracara ko sAdhya kI siddhi meM hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| ratnaprabhasUri likhate haiM ki pUrvacara-hetu aura uttaracara-hetu 368 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 467 369 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 468 370 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 469
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 263 sAdhya kA svabhAva nahIM hai aura unameM koI kArya-kAraNa saMbaMdha bhI nahIM haiM, phira bhI ve kArya kI siddhi meM upayogI hote haiN| isa prakAra, jaina pUrvacara aura uttaracara-hetuoM ko svabhAva hetu aura kArya-kAraNa-hetu se alaga mAnakara sAdhya kI siddhi meM sahAyaka mAnate haiN|" jainoM ke isa siddhAMta kI samIkSA karate hue bauddha-dArzanika prajJAkara gupta kA kahanA hai ki pUrvacara-hetu aura uttaracara-hetu sama-samayavartI nahIM haiM, sAtha hI vyavahita bhI haiM, ataH, ve sAdhya kI siddhi meM sahAyaka nahIM haiM, kyoMki unakA sAdhya se avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha hI nahIM hotA hai, ataH, unako jainoM ke dvArA sAdhya kI siddhi meM heturUpa svIkAra karanA ucita nahIM hai|"2 jaina - isake pratyuttara meM, jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM likhate haiM ki kAla kA vyavadhAna hone para bhI kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha ho sakatA hai, jaise- sone se pahale kA jo jJAna hotA hai, vaha sokara uThane ke bAda jAgrata-dazA meM pUrva-saMvedana ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai tathA sokara uThane ke bAda kA jJAna prabodha kahalAtA hai| prabodha, arthAt jAgrata-dazA ke saMvedana meM pUrva kI anubhUti kAraNa hai aura prabodha usakA kArya hai| ye donoM bhinnakAlIna haiM, phira bhI inameM kArya-kAraNabhAva-saMbaMdha rahA huA hai| dhruva tAre kA adarzana amaMgalarUpa hotA hai| yahA~ para amaMgala kA ghaTita honA dhruva tAre ke adarzana kA kArya hai aura vahI bhaviSyakAlIna-maraNa kA kAraNa hai, ataH, yaha siddha hotA hai ki vyavahita kAla vAle do tathyoM ke bIca kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha saMbhava hai, isalie yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai ki kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha kAla kI apekSA se samakAlIna athavA avyavahita tathyoM meM hI hotA hai| ghar3A banAne kI prakriyA aura ghaTa kI utpatti- ye donoM bhinna kAloM meM hotI haiM, phira bhI inameM kArya-kAraNabhAva-saMbaMdha hai, ataH, pUrvacara aura uttaracara vyavahita arthAta bhinnakAla meM hone para bhI unameM cAhe kArya-kAraNa-bhAva na bhI ho, to bhI avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha ho sakatA hai, ataH, jainoM kA kahanA yaha hai ki do bhinnakAlIna tathyoM ko sAdhya kI siddhi meM heturUpa svIkAra karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| 377 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 472 172 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 475 373 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 475
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________________ 264 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM, bauddha-dArzanika prajJAkara gupta kA kahanA yaha hai ki kAla kI apekSA se vyavadhAna vAle atIta aura anAgata padArthoM meM kisI saMbaMdha kI kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki isase ativyApti nAmaka doSa hotA hai| jaina - isake uttara meM ratnaprabhasUri punaH kahate haiM ki vyavahita tathyoM meM saha-saMbaMdha kI kalpanA tabhI saMbhava nahIM hotI, jaba ve eka dRSTi se ati dUra hoM, kintu pUrvacara aura uttaracara eka-dUsare se itanI dUra nahIM hote haiM, ve paraMparA se to avyavahita hote haiM, kyoMki eka ke turanta bAda dUsare kA AvirbhAva hotA hai, ataH, paMraparA se eka-dUsare ke sAtha jur3e hue haiM, unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva saMbhava hai, cAhe ve kAla kI apekSA se vyavahita hI kyoM na hoM, jaise- bhUtakAla meM hue rAvaNa aura AgAmI utsarpiNI meM hone vAle tIrthaMkara tathA zaMkha nAmaka cakravartI ke bIca eka saha-saMbaMdha avazya hI hai, cAhe ve kAla kI dRSTi se vyavahita hI kyoM na hoN|75 bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM bauddha-dArzanika prajJAkara gupta kA tarka hai ki jo vyavahita hote haiM, unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva nahIM hotA hai aura jo avyavahita hote haiM, unameM hI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hotA hai, ataH, vyavahita meM bhI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kI jainoM kI mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki sAdhya kI siddhi meM hetu ke rUpa meM anvaya-vyatirekarUpa kArya-kAraNa-bhAva hI mukhya hotA hai| yaha anvaya-vyatirekarUpa kArya-kAraNa-bhAva vyavahita aura avyavahita- donoM meM hI saMbhava hai, ataH, anvaya-vyatireka-saMbaMdha ko hI sAdhya kI siddhi meM hetu mAnA jA sakatA hai| jaina - prajJAkara gupta ke isa kathana ke pratyuttara meM jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki Apa bauddhoM kI yaha bAta satya hai ki cAhe vyavahita ho, cAhe avyavahita, jahA~ anvaya-vyatireka-saMbaMdha hotA hai, vahIM kArya-kAraNabhAva-saMbaMdha hotA hai| yahA~ anvaya kA artha hai- jisake hone para jo hotA hai aura vyatireka kA artha hai- jisake nahIM hone para nahIM hotA hai, kintu aisA anvaya-vyatirekarUpa-saMbaMdha eka-kAlavartI yA samakAlavartI meM hI hotA ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| kAla-bheda hone para bhI aisA anvayarUpa-saMbaMdha saMbhava hai| avasarpiNI-kAla kA rAvaNa aura 374 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 475 375 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 475, 476 376 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 476
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 265 utsarpiNI-kAla ke zaMkha cakravartI bhinna kAla meM hote hue bhI unake madhya anvaya-saMbaMdha to haiM hI, kyoMki rAvaNa hI to avasarpiNI-kAla meM zaMkha cakravartI hogaa| bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika prajJAkara gupta kA kahanA hai ki cAhe rAvaNa aura zaMkha cakravartI meM anvaya-saMbaMdha ho, kintu unameM vyatireka-saMbaMdha nahIM hai, ataH, unameM kArya-kAraNabhAva saMbhava nahIM hai| jaina - isake pratyuttara meM, ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM- he prajJAkara gupta! Apa vyatireka-saMbaMdha kisako kahate haiM ?73 bauddha - isa para, prajJAkara gupta kahate haiM ki jisake abhAva meM jo nahIM hotA hai, usako hI vyatireka-saMbaMdha kahate haiN| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM yadi rAvaNa nahIM hotA, to zaMkha cakravartI bhI nahIM hotA, ise hI hama vyatireka-saMbaMdha kahate haiN| yaha vyatireka-saMbaMdha udAharaNa meM ghaTita nahIM hotA hai|380 jaina - isake pratyuttara meM, ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki yadi rAvaNa janma nahIM letA, to bhaviSya meM usI kA jIva zaMkha cakravartI bhI nahIM hotA, kyoMki zaMkha cakravartI honA- yaha rAvaNa ke puNyopArjana kA hI phala hai| yadi hama gambhIratA se vicAra kareM, to isameM vyatireka-saMbaMdha bhI spaSTa rUpa se dikhAI detA hai| yadi rAvaNa ke jIva ne usa bhava meM viziSTa sAdhanA nahIM kI hotI, to na to vaha tIrthakara ho sakatA thA aura na zaMkha ckrvrtii| vastutaH, jahA~ anvaya-saMbaMdha hotA hai, vahIM vyatireka-saMbaMdha bhI avazya hotA hI hai, isalie Apa bauddhoM ko yaha mAna lenA cAhie ki cAhe pUrvacara aura uttaracara bhinnakAlavartI hoM, kintu una donoM ke bIca anvaya aura vyatireka-saMbaMdha saMbhava hotA hai, ataH, pUrvacara aura uttaracara ko sAdhya kI siddhi meM hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| 17 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 477 378 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 478 319 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 478 380 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 478 381 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 479
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA smRti kI pramANatA kA niSedha aura usakI samIkSA pramANa - carcA ke prasaMga meM yaha jJAtavya hai ki bhAratIya-darzana meM jaina-darzana hI eka aisA darzana hai, jo smRti ko pramANarUpa meM svIkAra karake calatA hai| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki jaina- nyAya ke prAraMbhika - kAla meM smRti ko svataMtra pramANa ke rUpa meM ullekhita nahIM kiyA gayA hai| jaina - nyAya ke prathama grantha siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra meM smRti ke pramANa hone kI koI carcA nahIM hai| smRti pramANarUpa hai- isakA sarvaprathama ullekha digambara jainAcArya akalaMka ke nAmaka granthoM meM hI milatA hai| usake pUrva kisI bhI jainAcAryoM ne smRti ke pramANa hone kI koI carcA nahIM kI hai| yahA~ taka kI lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI meM hue AcArya haribhadra ne bhI apane kisI bhI nyAya ke grantha meM smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ke pramANa hone kI koI carcA nahIM kI hai| akalaMka ke pazcAt smRti ke pramANa hone kI carcA zvetAmbara - paraMparA meM sarvaprathama hameM siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra kI siddharSi kI TIkA meM milatI hai| siddharSi kA kAla lagabhaga nauvIM - dasavIM zatAbdI mAnA gayA hai / 266 uparyukta aitihAsika AdhAroM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina - darzana meM smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane kI paraMparA lagabhaga AThavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa se hI prAraMbha hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha-nyAya ke prAcIna stara ke granthoM tathA diGnAga ke nyAya - praveza, vasubandhu kI vAda - vidhi, dharmakIrtti ke pramANa - vArttika, pramANavinizcaya, nyAyabiMdu hetubiMdu Adi granthoM meM nahIM milatI hai / yahA~ taka kI dharmakIrti ke ziSya dharmottara ne bhI isa saMbaMdha meM koI carcA nahIM kI hai| hameM jo bhI bauddha - nyAya ke mUla grantha upalabdha ho pAe haiM, unameM hetu - biMdu kI arcaT kI TIkA ko chor3akara smRti evaM pratyabhijJA ke prAmANya ke nirAsa karane kI koI carcA nahIM milatI hai| sarvaprathama arcaT ke hetu - biMdu kI TIkA meM hI smRti ke aura pratyabhijJA ke prAmANya kA nirAsa kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi paM. sukhalAlajI saMghavI ne arcaT ko dharmakIrtti ke pazcAt aura dharmottara ke pUrva sAtavIM zatI ke uttarArddha aura AThavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha meM nirdhArita kiyA hai, kintu hamArI dRSTi meM arcaT ko dharmakIrtti aura dharmottara ke bAda kA hI mAnanA hogA, kyoMki jaba jaina - nyAya meM smRti, tarka aura pratyabhijJA ke prAmANya ko sthApita kara diyA hogA, tabhI usakA khaMDana saMbhava thA, isalie DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kA mAnanA hai ki arcaT nauvIM zatAbdI ke pUrva to kisI bhI sthiti meM nahIM ho sakate
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA haiM, kyoMki unhoMne hI sarvaprathama hetu - biMdu kI TIkA meM spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai- "smRtirevAsAbiti na prAmANyamiti' / isI prakAra, arcaT ne hetubiMdu kI TIkA meM vistAra se pratyabhijJA ke prAmANya kA bhI nirasana kiyA hai"vistarazca pratyabhijJA prAmANya nirAsa:" / ina AdhAroM para yaha phalita hotA hai ki jaina- darzanasammata smRti, pratyabhijJA Adi ke prAmANya kA nirasana arcaT se hI zurU hotA hai| hamAre samIkSya grantha ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bhI smRti, pratyabhijJA Adi ke prAmANya ke nirasana hetu bauddha-paraMparA kA jo pUrvapakSa prastuta kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhI arcaT kI hetu - biMdu kI TIkA ke AdhAra para hI hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki ratnaprabhasUri ne arcaT kI TIkA kA adhyayana kiyA thA aura vaha unake samakSa upasthita thI / unhoMne arcaT kI TIkA ko AdhAra banAkara hI smRti kI samIkSA kI hai| ratnaprabhasUri ne smRti ke prAmANya ke nirasana ke lie arcaT kI hetubiMdu kI TIkA ko hI AdhAra banAyA hai, ataH, yahA~ svataMtra rUpa se bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kI sthApanA Avazyaka nahIM lagatI hai, kyoMki yaha kArya svayaM ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM kara diyA hai| niSkarSa yaha satya hai ki pramANa kI saMkhyA ko lekara jaina-darzana aura bauddhadarzana meM matabheda haiN| jahA~ bauddhadarzana pratyakSa aura anumAna - aise do pramANa mAnatA hai, vahIM jaina- darzana 1. pratyakSa 2. smRti 3. pratyabhijJA 4. tarka 5. anumAna aura 6. Agama (zabda) - aise chaH pramANa mAnatA hai / isa prakAra,, bauddhadarzana meM smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka aura Agama (zabda) pramANa nahIM mAne gae haiM / prastuta adhyAya meM hamane isa bAta ko vistAra se jAnane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki bauddha - dArzanika kyoM smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANarUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiM ? isakA spaSTa kAraNa to hamArI dRSTi meM bauddhadarzana kI tattva - mImAMsA hI hai / bauddha dArzanika apanI jJAna-mImAMsA ko apanI tattva - mImAMsA ke AdhAra para hI upasthita karate haiN| jaba unake anusAra sattA kSaNika hai, to aisI sthiti meM smRti aura pratyabhijJA kaise pramANa ho sakate haiN| jisakI eka kSaNa se adhika sattA nahIM hai, usakI smRti kaise ho sakatI hai ? aura punaH yaha ki pratyabhijJA ke rUpa meM, yaha vahI hai - aisA bodha to tabhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai, jaba sattA meM kisI sthAyitva ko mAnA jAe, jo utpanna hote hI vinaSTa ho gayA, vaha vahI kaise ho sakatA hai ? vaha to anya hI hogA, ataH, smRti aura pratyabhijJAye donoM hI sattA meM dhauvya-pakSa ko mAne binA saMbhava nahIM hote haiN| jise 267
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________________ 268 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jaina-dArzanika smRti kaha rahe haiM, vaha to mAtra citta-saMtati kA pravAha hai| dUsare, jaba bauddhadarzana bAhyArtha kI sattA kA niSedha karatA hai, athavA vastusat ko niHsvabhAva aura kSaNika mAnatA hai, to phira usake darzana meM smRti aura pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa nahIM ho sakate haiN| smRti kA artha hai- kisI sata-tattva kI smRti; kintu jaba sat svataH hI parivartanazIla ho aura usakI sattA kSaNika ho, to smRti kaise ho? vizeSa rUpa se jo jJAtA citta hai, yadi vaha bhI dUsare kSaNa nahIM rahatA ho- aisI sthiti meM bauddhoM ke lie yaha saMbhava hI nahIM thA ki ve smRti ko pramANarUpa svIkAra kreN| isI prakAra, jaba sattA do samaya bhI ekarUpa nahIM hotI hai, to phira yaha vahI haiaisI pratyabhijJA kaise saMbhava hogI ? kyoMki pratyabhijJA meM to bhUtakAla meM anubhUta sata kI hI vartamAna meM anubhUta sat ke sAtha samAnatA kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| ataH,, bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda aura saMtativAda meM smRti aura pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa nahIM ho skte| cUMki bauddha-dArzanika apanI tattva-mImAMsA ke prati satyaniSTha rahe aura isalie unhoMne smRti aura pratyabhijJA ko pramANarUpa mAnane se iMkAra kiyaa| isake viruddha, jaina-dArzanika sata ko utpAda-vyaya ke sAtha- gtha dhauvyAtmaka bhI mAnate rahe, isalie unake yahA~ ye donoM pramANa svIkRta kie ge| jahA~ taka tarka kI pramANatA kA prazna hai, bauddha-dArzanika use bhI eka svataMtra pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krte| saca to yaha hai ki tarka-pramANa kisI sArvakAlika aura sArvadezika-tathya kI kalpanA karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, vaha sAmAnya ko svIkAra karatA hai aura vaha sAmAnya hotA hai, jabaki bauddhadarzana meM sAmAnya ko kevala vikalparUpa hI mAnA gayA hai| use / paramArtha satya rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| yadi sAmAnya ko hI svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAegA, to phira vyApti ko hI yathArtha pramANarUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddhoM ne to anumAna ko bhI kavala vyavahAra ke stara para hI sat svIkAra kiyA hai aura jaba va sAmAnya ko hI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, to phira unake lie vyApti, jo ki sAmAnya hI hai, vaha kaise pramANa ho sakatI hai aura aisI sthiti meM vyApti ko sthApita karane vAle tarka yA Uha kI pramANatA ko kaise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ataH,, bauddha-dArzanikoM ne jo smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANarUpa nahIM mAnA hai, usakA mukhya kAraNa unakI tarka-mImAMsA hI hai| punaH, jainoM ke lie smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANa mAnane kA kAraNa yaha thA ki naiyAyikoM ke samAna jainoM ne pratyakSa pramANa ke bheda ke rUpa meM
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 269 sAmAnya lakSaNA-pratyAsatti ko nahIM mAnA thA, isalie vyApti kI sthApanA ke lie unako tarka-pramANa ko alaga se svIkAra karanA par3A aura tarka ko pramANarUpa svIkAra karane ke lie smRti aura pratyabhijJA kI pramANarUpatA Avazyaka thI, kyoMki smRti kI pramANatA ke abhAva meM pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa nahIM ho sakatI aura pratyabhijJA ko pramANarUpa hue binA tarka yA vyAptibodha pramANarUpa nahIM hogA aura binA vyAptibodha ke anumAna bhI pramANa nahIM hogA, isalie hamArI dRSTi meM jainoM ke dvArA smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANarUpa mAnanA Avazyaka thaa|
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________________ 270 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya-9 bauddhoM kA zravaNendriya kA aprApyakAritva bauddha-sammata avaNendriya kI aprApyakAritA kI samIkSA jJAtavya hai ki jainAcArya ratnaprabha ne jahA~ eka ora naiyAyikoM ke cakSu ke prApyakAritva kA khaNDana kiyA, vahIM dUsarI ora ve bauddhoM ke zravaNendriya ke aprApyakAritva kA bhI khaNDana prastuta grantha ratnAkarAvatArikA meM karate haiN| bauddhoM kA maMtavya hai ki zravaNendriya bhI aprApyakArI hai aura vaha bhI apane viSaya ko binA saMsparza kie hI jAna letI hai, vahIM dUrastha dhvani yA zabda ko grahaNa kara letI hai, arthAt dUrastha zabda ko bhI zravaNa kara letI hai, kintu jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke isa maMtavya se sahamata nahIM haiN| ve naiyAyikoM ke samAna hI zravaNendriya ko prApyakArI mAnate haiN| bauddhoM kA parvapakSa - zravaNendriya ko aprApyakArI siddha karane ke lie bauddha yaha tarka dete haiM ki jo indriya prApyakArI hotI hai, arthAt apane viSaya ko saMsparza karake jAnatI hai, vaha apane viSaya ko, cAhe vaha dUra ho yA nikaTa tathA kisI bhI dizA meM ho, grahaNa kara letI hai| jisa prakAra jaina-dArzanikoM kI mAnyatAnusAra cakSu-indriya apane viSaya ko saMsparza kie binA jAnatI hai, usI prakAra hama bauddha-dArzanikoM kI mAnyatAnusAra zravaNendriya bhI apane viSaya ko saMsparza kie binA hI jAna letI hai, ataH, vaha bhI aprApyakArI hai| use apane viSaya ke digdeza kA jJAna hotA hai, arthAt zrotrendriya apane viSaya-zabda ke dUrastha digdeza kA jJAna hone se vaha aprApyakArI hai|382 jJAtavya hai ki digdeza, arthAt vastu kahA~ hai- aisA bodha cakSu aura zrotra- donoM ko ho jAtA hai| naiyAyikoM ke anusAra, vastu jahA~ bhI ho, cakSu apane viSaya ko saMsparza karake vastu kA bodha kara lete haiN| isake viparIta, bauddhoM kI mAnyatA hai ki zabda jahA~ se bhI Ate hoM, 382 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I (ela.DI.saMskaraNa), ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 156
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 271 zravaNendriya unako, arthAt apane viSaya ko binA saMsparza kie hI jAna letI bauddha - punaH, bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki zrotrendriya aprApyakArI hone ke kAraNa, yaha pUrva dizA ke bAdala ke garajane kI AvAja hai, yaha dakSiNa dizA se cAtaka pakSI kI AvAja A rahI hai- aise bhinna-bhinna dizA se evaM bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM se Ane vAle una zabdoM kA zrotrendriya binA saMsparza kie hI bodha kara letI hai, jaise- yaha AvAja kahA~ se A rahI hai to kisakI hai ? zrotrendriya dvArA sarvAnubhavasiddha digdeza kA vyavahAra zabda se to nahIM hotA hai, ataH, yaha mAnanA hogA ki zrotrendriya aprApyakArI hai| __ apane pakSa kI siddhi hetu bauddha-dArzanika punaH kahate haiM ki jaise prApyakArI svabhAva vAlI rasanendriya zakara ke AsvAda meM digdeza kA jJAna nahIM kara sakatI, vaise hI zrotrendriya ko prApyakArI mAnane para usake zabdajJAna se bhI digdeza kA bodha nahIM honA cAhie, jabaki zabda-jJAna meM digdeza kA bodha hotA hai, ataH, vaha aprApyakArI hai| rasanendriya kisI bhI vastu kA svAda lene ke bAda hI apane viSaya kA bodha karatI hai, kintu digdeza to koI svAda lene kI cIja nahIM hai, ataH, rasanendriya meM digdeza kA bodha nahIM hotA hai, jabaki zrotrendriya ko digdeza kA bodha hotA hai, ataH, mAnanA hogA ki zrotrendriya bhI apane viSaya se saMbaMdha banAe binA dUra se zabda ko grahaNa kara letI hai| zravaNendriya ko digdeza kA jJAna hotA hai, ataH, zravaNendriya aprApyakArI hai| jaina - ratnAkarAvatArikA meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri uparyukta bauddha-mata kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki ghrANendriya aura sparzanendriya prApyakArI haiM- aisA Apa (bauddha) bhI mAnate haiM, kintu ina donoM indriyoM ko apane viSayoM ke digdeza kA jJAna hotA hai| ghrANendriya yaha jAnatI hai ki kisa phUla kI sugandha kisa dizA se A rahI hai, jaise- pUrva dizA se gulAba kI mahaka A rahI hai, pazcima dizA se candana kI khuzabU A rahI hai| jisa prakAra ghrANendriya ke prApyakArI hote hue gandha ke sAtha digdeza kA bodha ho sakatA hai, to phira zravaNendriya ko bhI prApyakArI hote hue bhI digdeza kA bodha hotA hai- yaha mAnane meM Apako Apatti nahIM honA caahie| 383 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I (ela.DI.saMskaraNa), ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 156 384 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I (ela.DI.saMskaraNa), ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 156
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________________ 272 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA nAsikA ko gandha ke bodha ke sAtha, yaha gandha amuka dizA se A rahI haiaisA bhI bodha hotA hai| isI prakAra, sparzanendriya bhI vAyu ke saMsparza se yaha jAna letI hai ki yaha zItala vAyu kisa dizA se A rahI hai| sparzanendriya ko vAyu kA sparza to hotA hI hai, kintu usa sparza kA vAyu se saMbaMdha hone para use usa vAyu ke sparza ke sAtha digdeza kA bhI bodha hotA hai ki vana se candana kI sugandha ke sAtha A rahI zItala vAyu kA sparza ho rahA hai| yadi ghrANendriya aura sparzanendriya digdeza kA jJAna rakhate hue bhI prApyakArI haiM, to phira zravaNendriya digdeza kA jJAna rakhate hue bhI prApyakArI kyoM nahIM ho sakatI, arthAt ho sakatI hai|385 bauddha - isa para, bauddha apane pUrvapakSa kI puSTi karate hue kahate haiM ki pUrvokta gandha, sparza Adi meM digdeza kA jJAna to anumAna se hotA hai, ghrANendriya aura sparzanendriya (tvagendriya) kA digdeza kA pratyakSa jJAna nahIM hotA hai| ghrANendriya aura sparzanendriya to anumAna se hI digdeza kA bodha karatI haiM, kyoMki ghrANendriya gandha ke Ane ke bAda aura sparzanendriya sparza hone ke bAda hI kramazaH nAsikA aura sparzanendriya apane-apane viSaya ke digdeza kA bodha anumAna se karatI haiM ki gandha amuka dizA se A rahI hai tathA vAyu amuka dizA se A rahI hai, isalie ghrANendriya aura sparzanendriya digdeza kA bodha anumAna se karane se prApyakArI ho sakatI haiM, kintu zravaNendriya prApyakArI nahIM ho sktii|85 jaina - isake uttara meM, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-mata kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki zrotrendriya digdeza kA jJAna anumAna se karatI haiyaha mAnakara ghrANendriya aura sparzanendriya ke samAna hI zrotrendriya ko bhI prApyakArI kyoM nahIM mAna lete haiM ? vartamAna ke zabda ko sunakara tatkAla atItakAla ke sune hue zabda kA smaraNa kara hama kahate haiM ki yaha zaMkha kA zabda hai, yaha ghaMTe kI dhvani hai aadi| yaha zabda-zravaNa smaraNa ke vyApti-jJAnapUrvaka hone se anumAna hI to huA, arthAt hamane anumAna se hI jAnA ki amuka dizA se amuka prakAra ke zabda sunAI de rahe haiN| isakA artha to yahI huA ki zravaNa ne apane zabdarUpI viSaya kA saMsparza kiyA aura tatkAla hI zabda ko pahacAna liyaa| isa jJAna se cAhe Apa anumAna ko alaga jJAna kahakara zrotrendriya ko aprApyakArI siddha karanA cAha rahe haiM, 385 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I (ela.DI.saMskaraNa), ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 157 386 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I (ela.DI.saMskaraNa). ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 157
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 273 kintu vAstava meM to zravaNendriya bhI ghrANendriya yA sparzanendriya ke samAna hI digdeza kA jJAna karane para bhI prApyakArI hI siddha hotI hai| dUsare, gandha aura vAya bhI yAtrA karake hI ghANendriya yA sparzanendriya ke pAsa AtI hai| gandha aura sparza meM bhI digdeza kA vyavahAra to hai| yaha havA idhara se A rahI hai, yaha gandha idhara se A rahI hai, vaise hI yaha zabda-dhvani idhara se A rahI hai- aisA hI to bodha hotA hai| jisa prakAra ghrANendriya aura sparzanendriya meM digdeza kA jJAna pratyakSa se nahIM, apitu anumAna se hotA hai, usI prakAra zrotrendriya meM bhI digdeza kA jJAna pratyakSa se nahIM, anumAna se hI hotA hai| jaise havA kA jhoMkA sparza taka pahu~catA hai, gaMdha nAsikA taka AtI hai, vaise hI zabda bhI kAna taka pahu~cate haiN| jaise havA, gaMdha Adi ko netra se dekha nahIM sakate, anumAna se hI jAna sakate haiM, vaise hI zabda kA bhI netra se pratyakSa nahIM hotA hai, anumAna se hI hotA hai| digdeza ko kAna grahaNa nahIM karatA, kyoMki digdeza zabdarUpa nahIM hai| zrotra to zabda ko grahaNa karatA hai, jabaki digdeza cakSu kA viSaya hai, kAna, nAka evaM sparzanendriya viSaya nahIM haiN|387 zrotrendriya ke sAtha zabda kA saMsparza hue binA hI zabda kA jJAna ho jAtA ho, to phira jaba anukUla vAyu calatI hai, taba to dUra kA zabda bhI sunAI detA hai tathA pratikUla vAyu calatI hai, taba najadIka kA zabda bhI sunAI nahIM detA hai- aisA kyoM hotA hai ? jaise- rAtri meM dUra se hI Trena kI AvAja sunAI detI hai tathA dina ke kolAhala meM najadIka se bhI Trena kI AvAja sunAI nahIM detI hai, isalie zabda-jJAna bhI zrotra ke sAtha saMsparza hone para hI hotA hai, ataH, zrotrendriya prApyakArI hI siddha hotI hai| bauddha - isa para, punaH bauddhoM kA tarka yaha hai ki banda kamare meM bAhara ke zabda kA jJAna kaise ho jAtA hai ? jaina - isa saMbaMdha meM jainAcArya ratnaprabha kA uttara yaha hai ki jisa prakAra banda kamare meM vAyu ke sahAre karpUra, candana, kastUrI Adi sugandhita dravyoM kI gaMdha praveza kara jAtI hai, vaise hI vAyu ke sahAre zabda-dhvani bhI 387 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I (ela.DI.saMskaraNa), ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 157 se 159 388 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I (ela.DI.saMskaraNa), ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 159
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________________ 274 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA banda kamare meM praveza kara jAtI hai, ataH ghrANendriya ke samAna zravaNendriya bhI prApyakArI hai | 388 bauddhoM ke dvArA mAnya zravaNendriya ke aprApyakAritva kI samIkSA bhAratIya-darzana meM prApyAkArI aura aprApyakArI kI avadhAraNA vizeSa rUpa se vivAda kA viSaya rahI hai| jahA~ nyAya-vaizeSika darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki sabhI indriyA~ apane viSayoM ko saMsparza karake hI jAnatI haiM, vahIM bauddha - dArzanika pA~ca indriyoM meM se do indriyoM 1. zravaNendriya aura 2. cakSurindriya ko aprApyakArI mAnate haiM aura isake viparIta, tIna indriyoM arthAt 1. sparzanendriya 2. nAsikA 3. rasanA - ina tIna indriyoM ko prApyakArI mAnate haiM, jabaki jaina- dArzanika ina do meM se bhI mAtra cakSurindriya ko aprApyakArI mAnate haiM aura zeSa cAra indriyoM ko prApyakArI mAnate haiN| jaina- dArzanikoM ne jahA~ eka ora naiyAyikoM ke cakSurindriya ke prApyakAritva kI samIkSA kI, vahIM unhoMne bauddhoM ke zravaNendriya ke aprApyakArI hone kI bhI samIkSA kI hai| cU~ki hamAre zodha kA viSaya mukhya rUpa se bauddhadarzana kI ratnAkarAvatArikA meM kI gaI samIkSA se hI saMbaMdhita hai, ataH, yahA~ taka naiyAyikoM dvArA cakSurindriya ke prApyakAritva kI samIkSA na karake mAtra bauddhoM dvArA jo zravaNendriya ko aprApyakArI mAnA hai, usakI hI samIkSA kareMge aura yaha dekheMge ki jaina- dArzanika kina AdhAroM para zravaNendriya ko prApyakArI siddha kareMge / niSkarSa - bhAratIya - darzana meM prApyakAritva meM ambikAdatta zarmA likhate haiMisa prakAra se hama dekhate haiM ki prApyakAritva aura aprApyakAritva ko lekara bhAratIya - dArzanika jaina, bauddha aura nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke siddhAnta meM bhinnatA hai / yadyapi sAmAnyatayA sabhI dArzanika yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki indriyA~ apane-apane viSaya ko grahaNa karake hI jAnatI haiM, kintu phira bhI yaha mUla prazna rahA hai ki kyA indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se nikaTastha rUpa meM saMsparza hotA hai, yA ve dUra se hI unheM grahaNa kara letI haiN| jahA~ eka ora nyAya - darzana pA~coM indriyoM aura mana ko prApyakArI mAnatA hai, vahIM jaina- darzana bhI mana evaM cakSu ke atirikta zeSa cAroM indriyoM ko prApyakArI mAnatA hai, ataH, jaina darzana ne naiyAyika Adi kI samIkSA mAtra 389 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I (ela.DI. saMskaraNa), ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 159
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 275 cakSu-indriya kI prApyakAritA ke saMbaMdha meM kI hai, kintu dUsarI ora bauddha zrotrendriya ko aprApyakArI mAnate haiM, ataH, jainoM ne bauddhoM kI samIkSA zrotrendriya kI aprApyakAritA ke sambandha meM kI aura yaha siddha kiyA ki ghrANendriya, sparzanendriya ke samAna zrotrendriya bhI prApyakArI hai|390 jahA~ bauddha-dArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki zravaNendriya dUrastha kSetra meM uccarita zabdoM ko binA unakA saMparka kie hI grahaNa kara letI hai, vahIM jainoM kA kahanA yaha hai ki zravaNendriya bhI apane viSaya-zabdoM ko unakA saMsparza hone para hI jAnatI hai, ataH, vaha aprApyakArI nahIM ho sktii| isakA mUla kAraNa yaha thA ki jaina-dArzanikoM ne zabda ko dhvanirUpa mAnA aura dhvani ko paudagalika-rUpa mAnA ki dhvani lokAkAza meM gati karate hue saMpUrNa loka ko vyApta karatI hai, ataH, dUrastha uccarita zabda bhI dhvanirUpa meM hamArI zravaNendriya kA sparza karate haiM aura usa sparza ke mAdhyama se hI zabdoM ko jAnate haiN| bauddhadarzana meM 'zabda paudgalika aura gatizIla haiM- aura yaha avadhAraNA upasthita nahIM thI aura isI AdhAra para unhoMne yaha mAna liyA thA ki dUra kSetroM meM uccarita zabdoM ko zravaNendriya binA unakA saMsparza kie hI grahaNa kara letI hai| bauddha-dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki cakSurindriya aura mana ke samAna hI zravaNendriya bhI aprApyakArI hI haiM, zravaNendriya dvArA asannikRSTaH zabda kA hI grahaNa hotA hai, to zabda meM dUra, nikaTa Adi kA vyavahAra saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA hai| jisa prakAra cakSurindriya kA apane viSaya meM sannikarSa na hone para bhI vaha dUra sthita vRkSa Adi ko jAna letI hai, usI prakAra se zravaNendriya bhI dUrastha kSetra meM uccarita zabda ko grahaNa kara letI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki hameM zabdoM meM bhI dUrI aura samIpatA kA bodha hotA hai| jisa prakAra prakAza ke kAraNa dUra sthita rUpa kA cakSu meM abhighAta hotA hai, usI prakAra dUra sthita zabda kA usakI tIvratA Adi ke kAraNa zravaNendriya meM abhighAta hotA hai, ataH, bauddhoM ke anusAra zravaNendriya aprApyakArI hai| bauddhoM ke isa pUrvapakSa kA ullekha hameM upalabdha bauddha-nyAya ke granthoM meM dekhane ko nahIM milA: kinta digambara jainAcArya kumudacaMdra dvArA racita nyAya-kumudacaMdra tathA zvetAmbara-grantha vAdidevasUrikRta syAdvAdaratnAkara meM, abhayadevakRta sanmatitarka kI tattvabodha-vidhAyinI TIkA meM evaM ratnaprabha kI ratnAkarAvatArikA meM milatA hai| yahA~ isI AdhAra para usakA prastutikaraNa kiyA gayA hai aura 390 dekheM - bhAratIya-darzana meM prApyAkAritvavAda, AmbikAdatta zarmA, pR. 148, 147
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA yaha dekhane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabhasUri ne saMbaMdha meM bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa ko kisa rUpa meM prastuta kara usakA khaMDana kiyA haiM / 276
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 277 zA adhyAya-10 bauddhoM ke sAmAnya ke niSedha kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA jainoM kI sAmAnya kI avadhAraNA ratnAkarAvatArikA ke pA~caveM pariccheda meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa ke svarUpa kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA haiN| jaina-darzana ke anusAra, vastu sAmAnya, vizeSa Adi aneka dharmoM kA samUha hai| aneka padArthoM meM eka-sI pratIti utpanna karane vAlA aura unheM eka hI zabda dvArA vAcya banAne vAlA dharma sAmAnya kahalAtA hai| isake viparIta, eka padArtha se dUsare padArtha meM bheda karAne vAlA dharma vizeSa kahalAtA hai| bauddha-dArzanika sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| ve sAmAnya ko mAtra kalpanAjanya mAnate haiN| unheM mAtra vizeSa kI sattA abhISTa hai| jaina-dArzanika sAmAnya aura vizeSadonoM ko svIkAra karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hotI hai| prastuta grantha meM sAmAnya do prakAra se prarUpita kiyA gayA haitiryaka-sAmAnya aura uurdhvtaa-saamaany| 1. jisameM saba samAna rUpa se pAyA jAe, usako anuvRttAkAra-tiryaka-sAmAnya kahate haiM, arthAt anuvRttAkArajJAna dvArA jo bodha hotA hai, vaha tiryaka-sAmAnya hai| 2. jisameM eka meM eka saba samA jAe~, usako anugatAkAra-UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahate haiM, arthAt anugatAkAra jJAna dvArA jo bodha hotA hai, vaha UrdhvatA-sAmAnya hai| prameyakamalamArtaNDa ke tIsare bhAga kI hindI vyAkhyA meM viduSI AryikA jinamatIjI tiryaka-sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA-sAmAnya kA varNana karate hue likhatI haiM ki aneka vastuoM meM pAyA jAne vAlA samAna dharma tiryaka-sAmAnya kahalAtA hai, jaise- aneka gAyoM meM gotva samAna rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai, isI taraha paToM meM paTatva, manuSyoM meM manuSyatva, jIvoM meM jIvatva ityAdi samAna yA sadRza dharma dikhAI dete haiM, isI ko 391 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 692
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________________ 278 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA tiryaka-sAmAnya kahate haiN| isa sAmAnya dharma yA svabhAva ke kAraNa hI hameM vastuoM meM sAdRzya kA pratibhAsa hotA hai| eka hI padArtha ke uttarottara jo pariNamana hote rahate haiM, unameM usa padArtha kA 'vyApaka rUpa se jo rahanA hai, vaha UrdhvatA-sAmAnya hai, jaise- sthAna, koza, kuzala Adi pariNamana yA paryAyoM meM miTTI vyApaka rUpa se rahatI hai| tiryaka-sAmAnya aura UrdhvatA-sAmAnya meM yaha antara hai ki tiryaka-sAmAnya to aneka padArtha yA vyaktiyoM meM pAyA jAne vAlA samAna dharma hai aura UrdhvatA-sAmAnya krama se uttarottara hone vAlI paryAyoM meM dravya kA bane rahanA hai, arthAt apane kramika-paryAyoM meM eka anvayI dravya kA astitva UrdhvatA-sAmAnya kahalAtA hai| 192 prastuta grantha ratnAkarAvatArikA meM sarvaprathama tiryaka-sAmAnya kA varNana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnya ke prathama bheda tiryaka-sAmAnya kA svarUpa sUtra ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra, prastuta kiyA gayA hai- "prati vyakti tulyA pariNatistiryaka sAmAnyama, zabala zAbaleyAdi piNDeSa gotvaM yathA", (5-4) arthAta pratyeka vyakti meM (dUsare vyaktiyoM kI apekSA) jo tulya (samAna) pariNAma yA samAna dharma hai, vaha tiryaka-sAmAnya kahalAtA hai, jaise zabala aura zAbaleya-bADuleya gAyoM meM gotva samAna rUpa se rahatA hai| kisI bhI eka vyakti meM dUsare vyakti ke sAtha jo samAnatA rahatI hai, usa samAnatA ko tiryaka-sAmAnya kahate haiN| jisa prakAra zabala aura zAbaleyaina donoM meM gotva samAna rUpa se hai, usI prakAra gAya se bhinna azva, mahiSa, baila, gadhA Adi meM yadyapi gotva nahIM hai, kintu pazutva to sabhI meM samAna rUpa se hone ke kAraNa inako bhI tiryaka-sAmAnya kahate haiN| yadyapi gAya-gAya meM apekSA bheda se antara ho bhI sakatA hai, kyoMki koI gAya kAlI ho sakatI hai, to koI sapheda bhI ho sakatI hai, koI citakabarI bhI ho sakatI hai Adi-Adi, kintu gotva kI dRSTi se sabhI gAya samAna svarUpa vAlI hotI haiM, ataH, una bhinna-bhinna raMga kI gAyoM meM gotva hai, use tiryaka-sAmAnya kahate haiN| "tiryak nAma rakhane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki sAmAnya ko samajhate samaya jijJAsu ko apanI dRSTi tiryaka karanA par3atI hai, arthAt kucha samAna dharma vAlI aneka vastuoM ko dekhanA hotA hai, isalie isako tiryaka-sAmAnya kahA jAtA hai| zabala, zAbaleya, bADuleyaina tInoM meM se mAna lo prathamataH zabala gAya ko dekhA, tatpazcAt zAbaleya 392 dekheM - prameyakamalamArtaNDa, bhAga III, AcArya prabhAcandra, sampAdaka-sAdhvI jinamatIjI
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA ko dekhA, tatpazcAt bADuleya ko dekhaa| kramazaH eka-eka ko dekhate hue nigAheM ghUmatI arthAt tirachI hotI jAtI haiM, isalie yahA~ 'tiryak' zabda kA prayoga karake isako 'tiryak sAmAnya' kahA gayA hai| 393 jJAtavya hai ki bauddha - dArzanika sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, ve mAtra vizeSa ko hI svIkAra karate haiN| sAmAnya to mAtra anya kA niSedha karatA hai, to yahA~ sarvaprathama pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM bauddha - dArzanika dharmottara jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ke samakSa samasyA rakhate haiM ki 'yaha gAya haiM, yaha gAya hai - aisA anugata - AkAra (sadRzAkAra) kA jo bodha hotA hai, vaha bodha 'sAmAnya' kA bodha nahIM hai, apitu 'anya vyAvRtti' mAtra hI hai| sabhI vyaktiyoM meM samAna rUpa se pAyA jAne vAlA anugata-AkAra arthAt 'sadRzapariNAmAtmaka' bodha anya kI vyAvRtti karane se hI hotA hai / sadRza pariNAma ko darzAne vAlI sAmAnya nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai, anya kI vyAvRtti karanA hI sAmAnya hai, kAraNa ki svayaM kI sajAtIya se evaM anya padArthoM se vyAvRtti karanA hI vastu kA svalakSaNa hai, yathA- kisI vivakSita gAya kA svalakSaNa batAnA hI hai, to sarvaprathama vivakSita gAya se bhinna samasta go-jAti se usakI vyAvRtti karanA hogI, arthAt bhinnatA batAnA hogI, phira azva, mahiSa, U~Ta Adi pazu-jAti se vyAvRtti karanA hogI, arthAt bhinnatA sthApita karanA hogI, to hI vivakSita gAya kA svalakSaNa banegA / eka vivakSita gAya ke svalakSaNa (svarUpa) meM na to usa gAya kI itara anya sajAtIya gAyoM se samAnatA hai, na vijAtIya pazu se bhinnatA hai / samAnatA evaM bhinnatA kI dRSTi se vivakSita gAya ke svalakSaNa meM anya mAtrA meM bhI anya kA mizraNa nahIM hai, isalie alpa kI vyAvRtti se hI anugata - AkAra kA bodha hone ke kAraNa sAmAnya nAma kA koI tattva hI nahIM hai aura sAmAnya nAma kI koI vastu hI nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, sadRzatA nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai| anya kI vyAvRtti se hI sAmAnya (samAnatA) kA bodha hotA hai| 384 jaina - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri uparyukta bauddha-mata kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki mRga marIcikA ke samAna ApakA kathana bhI bhramAtmaka hai, kyoMki jaba mRga marIcikA kA jala 'bhrama' hai, to sUrya kI kiraNoM se camakatI retI ko jala samajhakara use prApta karane ke lie Age bar3hI huI 393 'ratnAkarAyatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 693 394 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 693, 694 279
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________________ 280 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA aMjalI kI pravRtti nirarthaka hai, vyartha kA zrama hai| isI prakAra, Apa bauddhoM kA uparyukta kathana kisI sArthaka tattva ko siddha nahIM karatA hai, ataH, ApakA uparyukta kathana samucita nahIM hai| 25 __ punaH, ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki pratyeka vyakti apekSA-bheda se dUsare se bhinna hai, kyoMki koI kAlA hai, koI gorA, koI buddhimAna hai, to koI mUrkha aadi| jahA~ eka ora vyakti-vizeSa meM eka-dUsare se bhinna hai, to vahIM manuSya jAti kI apekSA se unase abhinna bhI hai| Apa bauddha-dArzanika, aneka vizeSa vyaktiyoM meM rahI huI 'anya-vyAvRtti' eka hai aura vaha anya vyAvRtti vyakti-vizeSa se bhinna svarUpa vAlI hai- enA jo kahate ho, to anyavyAvRtti to sAmAnya rUpa hI to huI hai, ataH, Apa yadi sAmAnya ko nahIM mAneMge, to sAmAnya kI vyAvRtti kaise kareMge ? yadyapi anya kI vyAvRtti to hama jaina bhI karate haiM, jaise- go-jAti meM manuSya-jAti kI yA manuSya-jAti meM go-jAti kI vyaavRtti| isI prakAra, yaha gAya manuSya Adi nahIM hai, yA yaha manuSya gAya Adi nahIM hai, kintu Apa bauddha-dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA ke anusAra to kisI eka vastu ke svarUpa ko yA vastu ke lakSaNa ko siddha karanA ho, to kitanI vyAvRtti karanA hogI ? yadi saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu kI vyAvRtti kareMge, to vastu kA sahI svarUpa kaise siddha hogA? hama jaina jo vyAvRtti karate haiM, vaha sImita hai, kintu ApakI vyAvRtti asImita hai| hama jaina jo kahate haiM ki vastu meM samAnatA kA bodha isalie hotA hai ki usameM sAmAnya kA guNa rahA huA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki yadi Apa bauddha-dArzanika vyakti vizeSa meM bhinna-bhinna vyAvRtti kareMge, to ve vyAvRttiyA~ eka haiM yA aneka haiM? sabakI vyAvRtti bhinna-bhinna hogI ? yA abhinna hogI ? yadi Apa sabakI vyAvRtti ko eka, bhinna aura bAhyAtmaka mAneMge, to phira Apane sAmAnya ko hI svIkAra kara liyA hai| yadi Apa abhinna mAneMge, to Apa vyAvRtti (niSedha) kaise kareMge ? kyoMki abhinna kI vyAvRtti nahIM hotI hai| jise hama jaina sAmAnya kahate haiM, usI ko to Apa bauddha vyAvRtti kahate ho| yadi Apa anya-vyAvRtti ko antargata bhI nahIM mAnate haiM aura bAhyAtmaka bhI nahIM mAnate haiM, to ApakA kathana to mAtra zabdADambararUpa hI hai, arthAt kahane taka hI sImita hai, tAttvika-dRSTi se koI sArabhUta nahIM hai|396 395 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 694 396 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 694
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA punaH, Apa bauddha - dArzanika yaha batAie ki Apa vastu kA svarUpa nizcita karane ke lie anya kI vyAvRtti karate haiM, to Apa yaha siddha kareM ki vaha anya kI vyAvRtti kyA hai ? antataH to, vyAvRtti kA koI na koI AdhAra honA hI cAhie, vaha AdhAra kyA hai ? arthAt anya kI vyAvRtti kyA vastu hai ? yA avastu hai ? kiMvA ghaTa, paTa Adi ke samAna astirUpa hai, yA AkAza - puSpa ke samAna nAstirUpa hai ? yadi Apa yaha kahate ho ki anya vyAvRtti 'koI vastu haiM to vaha vAstavika padArtha hone se go- vizeSa meM yA to antarvartI honA cAhie ? yA bahirvartI honA cAhie ? yadi Apa antarvartI aura bahirvartI- ina donoM ko AdhAra mAnakara anya kI vyAvRtti ko vastu svarUpa kahate haiM, to inameM doSa utpanna hogA, kyoMki yadi Apa vyAvRtti ko bahirvartI mAnate haiM, anya kI vyAvRtti to svayaM hI sAmAnya rUpa siddha hogI aura yadi Apa use antarvartI mAnate haiM, to Apa phira vyAvRtti (niSedha) kaise kareMge ? phalitArtha yaha hai ki yadi Apa vyAvRtti ko ghaTa-paTa Adi padArthoM ke samAna vastu - svarUpa yA astirUpa svIkAra karate haiM, to isakA tAtparya to yahI hotA hai ki Apane sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra kara liyA hai, kyoMki vastu ke svarUpa meM kathaMcit-vidhAna bhI rahA huA hai, to kathaMcit niSedha bhI rahA huA hai, arthAt vastu meM kathaMcit-bhinnatA bhI hai aura kathaMcit - abhinnatA bhI hai, yathA- gotva meM antarvartI aura bahirvartI- donoM pakSa haiN| usameM azva, mahiSa Adi kA niSedha rahA huA hai tathA pazutva kA vidhAna bhI rahA huA hai| dUsarA, yadi Apa anya - vyAvRtti ko asatrUpa (avasturUpa) kahate haiM, to vaha asat to AkAza - puSpa ke samAna, athavA zazi - zrRMga ke samAna, kiMvA vandhyA-putra ke samAna abhAvarUpa hogA, abhAva kI vyAvRtti kaise hogI ? vyAvRtti kabhI bhI sat-padArtha kI athavA sadbhAva kI hI hotI hai, abhAva kI kabhI vyAvRtti saMbhava hI nahIM hai, ataH, asatpa kaheMge, to sadRzAkAra (anugatAkAra) kA bodha kaise hogA ? yathA 'gAya haiM, to isa gAya meM gotva nAma kI jo vastu hai, isa anugatAkAra kA bodha to honA hI cAhie, ataH Apa bauddhoM kA kathana yuktisaMgata siddha nahIM hotA 397 hai jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki Apa yaha kahate haiM ki anugatAkAratA kA bodha anya - vyAvRtti Adi kisI bhI kAraNa se na hokara mAtra vAsanA (saMskAra) se, arthAt hamArI mAnasika- saMkalpanA se hI ho 397 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 695 281
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jAtA hai| ise hI sAmAnya kA bodha kahA jAtA hai| mAna lo, manuSya kiMvA go, azva Adi kisI kA bhI bodha karate haiM, to vaha sirpha hamArI mAnasika - saMkalpanA hI hai, mAnasika - pratibiMba hai, koI bAhya - vastu nahIM hai| sirpha saMkalpanA ke AdhAra se hI vastu kA bodha ho jAtA hai| jaina- dArzanika kahate haiM ki Apa bauddha samAnatA kA jJAna saMskAra (vikalpa) janya mAnate haiM aura bAhyArtha yA vastu kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, kintu hamArI mAnasika - saMkalpanA kA AdhAra sattAtmaka - padArtha hI banatA hai / binA kisI sat-padArtha ke hamAre mana meM kabhI kisI bhI padArtha kA AkAra nahIM banatA hai / yadi hamAre mana meM gAya kA koI AkAra banegA, to yaha nizcita hai ki kabhI na kabhI hamane pUrva meM gAya ko pratyakSa meM dekhA huA hotA hai, tabhI usakA saMskAra yA Idea banatA hai ki gAya nAma kA pazu aisA hotA hai| koI bhI vastu kI saMkalpanA svayaM kI utpatti meM usake kAraNabhUta padArtha kI hI apekSA rakhatI hai, yathA- agni se utpanna dhuA~ agni kI hI apekSA rakhatA hai, salila Adi kI apekSA kabhI bhI nahIM rkhtaa| yadi anugatAkAratA arthAt sadRzAkAratA kA bodha mAtra vAsanAjanya hI ho, to phira sadRzAkAratA kA bodha sirpha vAsanA kI hI apekSA rakhegA ? kintu aisA nahIM hotA hai, jaba do vastuoM kI sattA hogI, tabhI usameM samAnatA yA bhinnatA kA bodha ho sakatA hai| pratyeka tulanAtmaka - vastu meM kathaMcit - samAnatA bhI rahatI hai, to kathaMcit-bhinnatA bhI rahatI hai| do vastuoM meM hI hama antara yA samAnatA jJAta kara sakate haiN| hamane eka jaisI do gAyeM dekhIM, una donoM meM gotva kI apekSA se samAnatA (sadRzatA - anugatAkAratA) hai, to azva, mahiSa Adi kI apekSA se athavA sapheda, kAlI Adi kI apekSA se unameM bhinnatA bhI hai| Apa bauddha yaha batAie ki kyA vAsanAjanya jJAna meM anugatAkAratA kA bodha yathArtha - bodha ho sakatA hai ? kyA padArtha kI bhinnatA evaM samAnatA kA bodha ho sakatA hai ? saMskAra kyA zUnya se bana jAegA ? antataH to, usake pIche koI na koI sattA to honA hI cAhie, isalie bAhyArtha ko Apa asvIkAra nahIM kara skte| vAsanAjanya jJAna meM bhI kahIM na kahIM bAhyArtha kA yathArtha-bodha rahA huA hai / anekoM meM jo sadRzatA hai, usako Apa bauddha vAsanA kahate haiM aura hama jaina use sAmAnya kahate haiN| sAmAnya ko chor3akara mAtra vizeSa se hI padArtha kA yathArtha-bodha saMbhava nahIM hai / antarvartI vastu (caitasika - saMkalpanA) meM hI sadRzAkAratA kA bodha ho sakatA hai, kintu bahirvartI vastu athavA bAhyArtha meM sadRzAkAratA kA bodha saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH, 282
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA anugatAkAratA kA bodha vAsanAjanya hI hai- yaha ApakA kathana yuktisaMgata siddha nahIM hotA hai | 308 punaH, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke samakSa yaha samasyA rakhate haiM ki yadi Apa anugatAkAratA (sadRzAkAratA) kA bodha mAtra vAsanAjanya hI mAnate haiM, to yaha batAie ki kyA atIta meM anubhavita bodha hI vAsanAjanya jJAna kA viSaya banatA hai ? kyoMki koI bhI bodha, jo pUrva meM anubhavita ho, jAnA huA ho, athavA sunA huA ho, vahI hamAre mAnasika - pratibiMba (anugatAkAratA) kA viSaya bana sakatA hai| anugata-AkAratA kA bodha yadi pUrva meM anubhavita ho, to yahI vaha kAlAntara meM vAsanAjanya-jJAna kA viSaya bana sakatA hai, kintu Apa bauddha to na to sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra karate ho, aura na bAhyArtha kI sattA ko, to phira vandhyA-putra ke samAna jisakA astitva hI nahIM hai, vaha kyA utpanna karegA ? kisI bhI padArtha kA kaunasA AkAra banegA ? isakI mAnasika- saMkalpanA bhI tabhI to yathArtha hogI, jaba Apa bAhyArtha kI tathA sAmAnya kI sattA ko bhI svIkAra kreNge| sAmAnya ke anubhava ke binA anugata - AkAra kA bodha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH, vAsanAjanya jJAna se anugata - AkAra kA bodha ho jAtA hai- yaha ApakA kathana sarvathA khaNDita ho jAtA hai| punaH, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki yadi Apa anugatAkAratA (sAmAnya) kA bodha vAsanAjanya hI svIkAra karate haiM, to yaha batAie ki kyA yaha vAsanA tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatI hai ? dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha gAya hai, yaha gAya hai- isa prakAra, ke anugata - AkArarUpa bodha ko utpanna karatI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, vAsanA kisI na kisI padArtha ko hI viSaya banAkara tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatI hai ? kiMvA, nimitta kAraNa se tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatI hai ? yadi Apa prathana pakSa ko svIkAra karate haiM ki vAsanA tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko viSaya banAtI hai aura tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko viSaya banAtI huI vAsanA tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatI hai, yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki vAsanA kisI padArtha (viSaya) se banatI hai aura vaha padArtha apane hI samAna kisI tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatA hai, to padArtha tathA vaha tathAbhUta-pratyaya viSayabhUta-vAsanA kA jJAna karAtA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki vAsanA sarvaprathama 398 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 695, 696 399 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 696 283
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________________ 284 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kisI bAhyArtha ko viSaya banAtI hai aura usa viSaya (padArtha) se tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatI hai aura vaha tathAbhUta-pratyaya vAsanA kA jJAna karAtA hai, to jaina kahate haiM ki Apake isa prakAra, ke kathana meM to vAsanA aura sAmAnya meM koI antara hI nahIM rahA, kyoMki padArtha meM rahA huA sAmAnya hI tathAbhUta-jJAna ko utpanna karatA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki sAmAnya sadRzAkAratA (anugatAkAratA) rUpa hone se vaha sAmAnya hI tathAbhUta-jJAna ko utpanna karatA hai aura vaha anugatAkAratArUpa utpanna jJAna hI sAmAnya kA bodha karAtA hai, isalie hama jaina kahate haiM ki tathAbhUta-pratyaya sAmAnya kA jJAna karAtA hai, to vahIM Apa bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki vaha tathAbhUta-pratyaya vAsanA kA jJAna karAtA hai, ataH, vAsanA aura sAmAnya- ina donoM meM nAmamAtra kA hI aMtara hai| vastutaH, Apane kahIM na kahIM bAhyArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra kara hI liyA hai| bAhyArtha ko yA sAmAnya ko Apa nakAra nahIM skte| bAhyArtha ko svIkAra kie binA koI bhI padArtha vAsanAjanya nahIM ho sakatA, isalie vAsanA sAmAnya se pRthak nahIM hai, ataH, Apako sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra kara lenA caahie| 00 jaina-dArzanika bauddhoM ke dUsare pakSa ke saMbaMdha meM kahate haiM ki yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki nimitta-kAraNa dvArA vAsanA tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karatI hai, to vaha vAsanA to nimitta-kAraNa dvArA tathAbhUta-pratyaya (mAnasika-saMkalpanA) ko utpanna karAkara kumbhakAra ke daNDAdi ke samAna pRthaka ho jAegI ? to vAsanA se utpanna tathAbhUta-pratyaya se kaunasA jJAna utpanna hogA ? tathAbhUta-pratyayarUpa-jJAna to eka prakAra kA anugatAkAra-rUpa jJAna hotA hai, usase kaunasA padArtha jJeya banegA ? anugatAkAra se jo jJAna utpanna huA hai, usase kisI na kisI padArtha kA jJAna to honA hI cAhie, kyoMki nirviSayaka-jJAna to kabhI bhI hotA nahIM hai| jJAna kA koI na koI viSaya to honA caahie| tathAbhUta-pratyaya (anugatAkAra-sadRzAkAra) rUpa jJAna bhI eka prakAra kA jJAna hI to hai| yadi tathAbhUta-pratyaya se koI jJAna zakya hI na ho, to phira Apa bauddhoM ko 'sadRza-pariNAmarUpa sAmAnya' ko to mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| isakA artha yaha huA ki tathAbhUta-pratyaya "sadRza pariNAma' arthAt samAnatA ke bodha se utpanna hotA hai, itanA to Apako svIkAra karanA hI pdd'egaa| sAmAnya ko anya kI vyAvRttirUpa yA vAsanA-rUpa mAnane se to pUrvokta doSa hI utpanna 400 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 696
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 285 hoMge, ataH, 'sadRza pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAnya' ko chor3akara anya koI bhI viSaya anugatAkArarUpa pratyaya kA viSaya hI nahIM bana sakatA, isalie tathAbhUta-pratyaya ko utpanna karane meM nimitta kAraNa 'vAsanA' nahIM, apitu 'sAmAnya' hI hai| isa prakAra, se, tathAbhUta-padArtha ke jJAna meM sAmAnya hI kAraNa hotA hai, sAtha hI tathAbhUta-pratyaya ke jJAnAtmaka hone se 'sAmAnya' kI hI siddhi hotI hai| jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-mata kI samIkSA karate hue punazca kahate haiM ki Apa yaha batAie ki anugatAkAra kA bodha yadi anya vyAvRttirUpa hai, to vaha anya-vyAvRtti apane-Apa meM asamAna AkAra vAle padArthoM kI hotI hai, yA samAna AkAra vAle padArthoM kI hotI hai ? go, azva, mahiSa, hAthI Adi meM anya kI vyAvRtti asamAna AkAra vAle padArthoM se hotI hai ? yA samAna AkAra vAle padArthoM se hotI hai ? yadi Apa prathama pakSa meM mAnate ho ki anya kI vyAvRtti asamAna AkAra vAle padArtha meM hotI hai, to phira to sabakI vyAvRtti bhinna-bhinna hone se aneka vyAvRttiyA~ hoNgii| isa prakAra, vyAvRtti-vizeSa bana jAegI, to phira padArtha kI yathArthatA kA bodha kaise hogA? ataH, asamAna AkAra mAnane se to ativyApti-doSa utpanna ho jaaegaa| dUsare, yadi anya-vyAvRtti ko samAna AkAra vAlI mAneMge, to saba meM samAnatA (sadRzatA-pariNAma) hone ke kAraNa Apako "sAmAnya' ko svIkAra karanA hogaa| isa prakAra, Apa bauddhoM ko to sadRzapariNAmatvarUpa sAmAnya ko to mAnanA hI pdd'egaa|02 jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-mata kI samIkSA karate hue punaH yaha prazna uThAte haiM ki Apa jo pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha mAna rahe haiM, vaha pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha kyA hai ? (pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha eka vizeSa prakAra kA saMbaMdha hotA hai)| Apa sadRzatA ke AdhAra se pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM ? yA visadRzatA ke AdhAra se pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM ? athavA Apa samAna AkAra vAle meM pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM ? yA asamAna-AkAra vAle meM pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM ? yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki hama to samAna AkAra vAle (sajAtIya) evaM asamAna AkAra vAle (vijAtIya)- donoM meM pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha mAnate haiM, to khura, cAra paira Adi kI apekSA se gAya, U~Ta, mahiSa Adi meM samAnatA hotI hai| isI prakAra, go-jAti meM kAlI, zveta, 401 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 696, 697 402 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 696
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA zabala (citakabarI) Adi kI apekSA se bhinnatA hokara bhI gotva kI apekSA se sadRza - pariNAma ko bhI dhAraNa karatI hai / yahI pratyAsatti - saMbaMdha hI samAna - AkAra vAle meM sadRzatA ke bodha ko utpanna karatA hai / isI prakAra, atadAtmaka arthAt asamAna AkAra vAle meM bhI, jaise- gAya, azva, mahiSa Adi asamAna AkAra vAle meM bhI yahI pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha sadRza - pariNAmatA ko bhI utpanna karatA hai, kyoMki ve sabhI pazujAti ke bhI sadasya haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki Apa bauddha jo yaha tarka dete haiM ki cAhe samAna AkAra vAle ho, cAhe asamAna AkAra vAle sabhI padArthoM meM pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha ke kAraNa sadRza - pariNAmatA kA bodha hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, Apa bauddhoM kA maMtavya yaha hai ki jo khura, kakuda, sAsnAdi - rUpa pratyAsatti se sadRza - pariNAma kA bodha hotA hai, usI prakAra usI pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha se visadRzatA kA bhI bodha hotA hai| cAhe samAna AkAra vAle ho yA asamAna - AkAra vAle, sabhI padArthoM meM sadRza - pariNAmatA kA bodha hotA hai / ApakA isa prakAra kA kathana yuktisaMgata siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa, Apa bauddhoM ne to saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu, cAhe vaha jar3a ho, cAhe cetana, sabhI meM ekarUpatA mAna lI, jabaki pratyAsatti - saMbaMdha meM to sadRzatA evaM visadRzatA- donoM dharma rahe hue haiN| khura, kakuda, sAsnA Adi kI apekSA se gAyoM meM sadRzatA bhI hai, to kAlI, gorI, pIlI, citakabarI kI apekSA se usI go-jAti meM bhinnatA bhI hai| isI prakAra, gAya, mahiSa, U~Ta, gadhA, aja, manuSya Adi meM prANItva (AtmA) ke astitva kI apekSA se sadRzatA hai, to vahIM sabhI meM zarIra racanA, raMga Adi kI apekSA se bhinnatA bhI hai| sabhI padArthoM meM ekarUpatA (sadRza - pariNAmatA ) svIkAra karane meM to jar3a aura cetana ke madhya rahA huA bheda bhI samApta ho jAegA, saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha eka hI ho jaaeNge| phalitArtha yaha hai ki Apake isa kathana se na to Apake mata kI siddhi hotI hai aura na jainamata kI siddhi hotI hai, apitu eka tIsare hI mata advaitarvAda kI puSTi hotI hai, kyoMki advaitavAda to saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu, cAhe vaha jar3a ho, cAhe cetana, sabako brahmasvarUpa mAnatA hai| unake anusAra brahma hI sat hai, brahma ke atirikta padArtha nAma kI koI vastu hI nahIM hai| brahmAdvaitavAdI to kahate haiM ki jisa pratyAsatti-saMbaMdha se saMsAra ke padArtha cetana, acetana Adi bhAvoM ko prApta hote haiM, unakA vaha jar3a-cetana - svarUpa vAstavika nahIM hai, kyoMki ve mUlataH to brahmasvarUpa haiM / brahma ke kAraNa hameM cetana-acetana padArthoM kA pratibhAsa (AbhAsa ) hotA hai / brahma ke atirikta jar3a-cetana padArtha kI koI svataMtra 286
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 287 sattA nahIM hai| saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha eka samAna haiN| eka hI brahma meM anekatA pratibiMbita hotI hai| isa prakAra, to, Apa brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke kathana ko mithyA nahIM kaha sakate, isase to unakA kathana satya hI siddha hotA hai| Apa bauddhoM kI yaha mAnyatA brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke pakSa ko hI siddha karatI hai| bauddha - brahmAdvaitavAdI-mata kA khaNDana karate hue bauddha-dArzanika jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri se kahate haiM ki Apake dvArA hamAre mata ko brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke samAna batAnA samucita nahIM hai, kyoMki ' jaba jar3a-cetanarUpa padArthoM se bhinna brahma nAma kA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai aura jaba brahma nAma kA koI tattva hI nahIM hai, to phira aisA kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ki saMsAra ke jar3a aura cetana-rUpa sabhI padArtha vAstavika nahIM haiM, athavA brahma kA pratibhAsa (AbhAsa) mAtra haiM, ataH, yaha Apa jainoM dvArA hamAre mata ko brahmAdvaitavAdiyoM ke samAna batAnA sarvathA ucita nahIM hai| jaina - isa para, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri vizeSa ke pakSadhara bauddha-dArzanikoM kI AlocanA karate hue kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra brahmAdvaitavAda ke khaNDana meM Apane jo yaha tarka diyA ki brahma nAma kI koI vastu nahIM hai, usI prakAra Apake virodha meM hama jainoM kA maMtavya hai ki sadRza-pariNAmarUpa sAmAnya ke binA bhI saMsAra meM svalakSaNa nAma kA koI padArtha hI nahIM hai, to phira svalakSaNa (padArtha kA svalakSaNa) mAtra anya-vyAvRttirUpa vizeSa hI vAstavika padArtha hai aura isa vizeSa se hI sadRza-pariNAma (sAmAnya) pratibhAsita hotA hai- aisA Apa (bauddha) kA kathana bhI to ucita nahIM hai| Apa bauddhoM dvArA kahA gayA thA ki brahma nAma kA koI vAstavika padArtha nahIM hai| satarUpa (bhAvarUpa) brahma ke AdhAra para hI cetana-acetanarUpa bAhya-padArtha pratibhAsita hote haiM- aisA Apa (bauddha) mAnate nahIM haiM, kyoMki Apake anusAra brahma kA astitva hI nahIM hai, to hama jainoM kA phira prazna hai ki jar3a-cetana padArtha kisake AdhAra para pratibhAsita hote haiM ? yadi padArtha "sadRza-pariNAmazUnya' arthAt sAmAnya se rahita mAtra vizeSa-rUpa hI haiM, to phira sadRza-pariNAma kA pratibhAsa kisameM hogA ? dUsare, sadRza-pariNAma AbhAsamAtra hai, kiMtu aisA bhI nahIM hai| saMsAra meM sadRza pariNAma kI zUnyatA bhI nahIM hai, isalie sadRza (sAmAnya) kA jo 403 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 698 404 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 699
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________________ 288 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bodha hotA hai, vaha AbhAsamAtra nahIM hai, paraMtu vAstavika hI hai| sadRza-pariNAma se zUnya (rahita) aise vizeSa padArtha kA koI svalakSaNa banatA ho- aisA nahIM hai, kyoMki padArtha kA vizeSa lakSaNa bhI sAmAnya ke AdhAra para hI pratibhAsita hotA hai| Apa bauddha sadRza-pariNAma (sAmAnya) ke binA mAtra vizeSayukta padArtha ko siddha nahIM kara sakate haiN| vizeSa meM sAmAnya pratibhAsita bhI nahIM hotA hai| sAmAnya kI to svataMtra sattA hai| padArtha sarvaprathama sAmAnya rUpa meM hI jAnA jAtA hai, tatpazcAt hI vaha vizeSa rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai| dUsare, Apa to saMsAra ke pratyeka padArtha ko zUnyarUpa mAnate haiM, to vizeSa ko bhI zUnyarUpa hI mAnanA hogA, ataH, vizeSa kI svataMtra sattA kaise siddha hogI ?405 bauddha - sAmAnya kA khaNDana karate hue punaH bauddha-dArzanika jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri se kahate haiM ki hamAre mata ke anusAra pratikSaNa vinazvara padArtha vizeSa rUpa ke hI lakSita hote haiN| sAmAnya to vizeSa meM hI pratibhAsita hotA hai| vizeSa se atirikta sAmAnya nAma kI koI sattA hI nahIM hai| padArtha kA lakSaNa vizeSa rUpa hI hai| jainoM kA Apase yaha prazna hai ki Apake mata meM padArtha kA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai ?100 jaina - jaina-dArzanika bauddha-dArzanikoM se prazna karate haiM ki padArtha na to ekAnta-sAmAnyarUpa hotA hai aura na ekAnta-vizeSarUpa hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, padArtha sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hotA hai| pratyeka padArtha meM kathaMcit-bhinnatA bhI hai, to kathaMcita-samAnatA bhI hai| yadi padArtha vizeSa rUpa meM hI lakSita hogA, to padArtha kI nizcayAtmakatA siddha nahIM hogI, yathA- manuSya meM manuSyatva, go meM gotva, paTa meM paTatva, ghaTa meM ghaTatva Adi sAmAnya dharma rahA huA hai, tatpazcAt vizeSa rUpa meM yaha jAnA jAtA hai, jaise- yaha manuSya bhAratIya hai, yaha gAya kAlI hai, yaha paTa zveta hai, yaha ghaTa miTTI kA hai| isa prakAra, padArtha ubhayAtmaka-dharma se yukta hotA hai| jaba do gAyoM meM yA do manuSyoM meM bhinnatA dikhAnI ho, to vahA~ vizeSa dharma hI mahatvapUrNa hotA hai, jaise- yaha gAya isa gAya se bhinna hai| yaha manuSya pAzcAtya hai aura yaha bhAratIya hai Adi / 405 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 699 406 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 699 47 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 699
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bauddha bauddha - dArzanika punaH apane kathana kI puSTi karate hue kahate haiM ki pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa parivartanazIla hai / pratikSaNa naI-naI (apUrva - apUrva) paryAyeM utpanna hotI rahatI haiN| pratikSaNa badalatI naI paryAya vizeSa rUpa meM hI lakSita hotI hai| koI bhI eka gAya dUsarI gAya se visadRza (vijAtIya, asamAna AkAra vAlI) hone se bhinna-bhinna hI hotI hai aura bhinna honA - yaha vizeSa svarUpa hI padArtha kA svalakSaNa hai| isa prakAra,, visadRzAkAratA hI padArtha kA yathArtha lakSaNa hai| jisa prakAra jar3a aura cetana, arthAt jar3atA aura cetanatA meM visadRzatA hai, usI prakAra atyanta bhinna padArthoM meM 'sadRza - pariNAmatA' (sAmAnya) mAnanA ucita nahIM hai, isI prakAra eka gAya dUsarI gAya se bhinna hone se visadRza hI hotI hai, donoM gAyoM meM sadRza - pariNAmatA mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| 108 ---- jaina - bauddhoM ke isa kathana para jainAcArya bauddhoM se prazna karate haiM ki Apa eka tarapha to kahate haiM ki pratyeka padArtha kSaNika hai aura dUsarI tarapha Apa visadRzatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| jaba Apa kahate haiM ki pratyeka padArtha vinazvara svabhAva vAlA hai, pratikSaNa naI-naI paryAya utpanna hotI haiM, to phira yaha gAya isa gAya se bhinna hai- aisI visadRzatA bhI kaise siddha hogI ? kyoMki pratikSaNa badalatI paryAya eka-dUsare ke sAtha bhinnatA kA bodha bhI kaise karA sakegI ? pratisamaya parivartita hotI huI paryAya ko kisa zabda se vAcya kareMge ? use kaunase zabda kA vAcya banAe~ge ? isa kSaNa jo paryAya hai, vaha agale kSaNa nahIM rahegI, agale kSaNavAlI paryAya usake agale kSaNa nahIM rahegI, to pratisamaya badalatI huI paryAyoM ke lie pratyeka nae-nae zabdoM kA prayoga karanA par3egA / punaH, jaina- dArzanika kahate haiM ki jaise koI jJAta viSaya vicitrAkAratA vAlA hotA hai tathA vaha savikalpaka bhI hotA hai aura nirvikalpaka bhI hotA hai, usI prakAra saMsAra kI pratyeka vastu ko apekSA - bheTa se sAmAnya - vizeSAtmaka (ubhayAtmaka) mAnane meM bhI koI virodha utpanna nahIM hotA hai| jisa prakAra kAle, nIle, lAla, zveta raMga kA alaga-alaga jJAna hotA hai, usI prakAra vibhinna virodhI raMgoM kA jJAna eka hI citra meM eka sAtha bhI hotA hai, usameM koI virodha nahIM hotA hai / punaH, eka hI jJAna apane prathama utpattikAla meM binA vikalpa ke utpanna hotA hai aura vahI jJAna kAlAntara meM vikalparahita bana jAtA hai| isa prakAra, eka hI jJAna meM nirvikalpAkAratA aura savikalpAkAratA- donoM prakAra kA jJAna 408 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 699, 700 289
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________________ 290 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA hotA hai| isameM kisI prakAra kA koI virodha nahIM hai| phalataH, pratyeka padArtha meM sAmAnya (sadRza-pariNAmatA) aura vizeSatA (visadRza-pariNAmatA)donoM saMbhava ho sakate haiM, ina donoM meM kisI prakAra kA koI virodha utpanna nahIM hotA hai| kisI bhI eka vivakSita padArtha meM yaha vastu anya vastu se vyAvRtta hai, bhinna hai- isa prakAra, kI vyAvRtti meM hetubhUta-visadRzAkAratA hotI hai, usI prakAra yaha vastu anya vastu se yA anya dharma kI apekSA se sadRza-pariNAma vAlI hai- aisA bodha bhI ho sakatA hai| sArAMza yahI hai ki Apa bauddha-dArzanikoM ko padArtha kI madRza-pariNAmatA ko bhI svIkAra kara lenA cAhie, arthAt sAmAnya kI aura bAhyArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra kara lenA caahie|403 bauddhoM ke dvArA sAmAnya ko kAlpanika mAnane kI samIkSA bhAratIya-darzanoM meM nyAya-vaizeSika-darzana sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko tattvarUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| unake anusAra, sAmAnya aura vizeSa kI pRthaka-pRthak sattA hai, jabaki jaina-darzana sAmAnya aura vizeSa meM unakI sAmAnya aura vizeSa ko svIkAra karate hue bhI padArtha se bhinna unakI sattA ko nahIM mAnatA hai| jaina-dArzanikoM ke anusAra, vastu yA sattA sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai| jaina-dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki jo sAmAnya hai, vahI vizeSa hai aura jo vizeSa hai, vahI sAmAnya hai| sAmAnya aura vizeSa vastu-sat nahIM haiM, kintu vastu kA svarUpa avazya haiM aura isalie ve vastu se abhinna bhI haiM aura isI AdhAra para unakI mAnyatA hai ki vastu sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai| dravyarUpa se vastu sAmAnya hai, kyoMki dravya traikAlika hai, kintu paryAyarUpa se vastu vizeSa hI hai, kyoMki paryAya kSaNika haiN| dravya guNa-paryAyAtmaka yA utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka hai, ataH, usameM sAmAnya aura vizeSa- donoM hI nihita haiN| - isake viparIta, bauddha-dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA yaha hai ki vasta kSaNika hai, prati samaya badalatI rahatI hai, ataH, ve kSaNika parivartanazIla vastu ko vizeSa hI mAnate haiN| unake anusAra, sAmAnya to mAtra kAlpanika hai| bauddhadarzana ke cAra sampradAya haiM- 1. sautrAntika 2. vaibhASika 3. yogAcAra yA vijJAnavAda, 4. mAdhyamika yA shuunyvaadii| ina cAroM sampradAyoM meM yadyapi sautrAntika aura vaibhASika bAhyArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra 409 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhUsari, pR. 700
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 291 karate haiM, kintu unake anusAra, sabhI padArtha kSaNika hone ke kAraNa kSaNajIvI hote haiN| sAmAnya to sArvakAlika aura sArvadezika hotA hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki saMsAra meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jo trikAla meM parivartana ko prApta hI na ho| yadi sabhI padArtha parivartanazIla aura kSaNika haiM, to phira sArvadezika aura sArvakAlika-sAmAnya kI koI sattA hI nahIM hogii| isI prakAra, yogAcAra yA vijJAnavAdI aura mAdhyamika yA zUnyavAdI hI bAhyArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| jaba bAhyArtha kI koI sattA hI nahIM hai, to phira sAmAnya lI kalpanA hI nirarthaka hai| isa prakAra, anya dArzanika-praznoM para matabheda hote hue bhI sabhI bauddha-dArzanika isa saMbaMdha meM ekamata haiM ki sAmAnya mAtra kAlpanika hai, vaha vAstavika nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa thA ki bauddha-nyAya ke sabhI granthoM meM sAmAnya ko vastusata ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, apitu ve sAmAnya ko sAdRzya ke rUpa meM hI svIkAra karate haiN| hetubindu kI TIkA meM kAryahetu-nirUpaNa nAmaka tIsare adhyAya meM arcaTa ne sAmAnya dharma kI vizeSa rUpa se carcA kI hai| bauddha-dArzanika yadyapi anumAna kA viSaya sAmAnya ko svIkAra karate haiM, kintu ve paramArthataH sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unake anusAra, sAmAnya kAlpanika hI hai| kAlpanika sat hI hai, yathArtha nahIM hai| unhoMne svalakSaNa ko pratyakSa kahA hai aura sAmAnya lakSaNa ko anumAna kA viSaya batAyA hai, kintu anumAna ko kalpanAjanya mAnane ke kAraNa ve sAmAnya ko bhI kalpanArUpa hI mAnate haiN| bauddha-dArzanikoM kA spaSTa rUpa se kahanA hai ki sAmAnya pratIti kA viSaya nahIM hai|" jainAcArya ratnaprabhasari ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddhoM dvArA sAmAnya ko kAlpanika mAnane kI avadhAraNA kI vistRta samIkSA kI hai aura yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki yadi bauddhadarzana sAmAnya ko mAtra kAlpanika mAnatA hai, to aisI sthiti meM usake darzana meM anamAna kI pramANatA bhI siddha nahIM hogI, kyoMki anumAna sAmAnya-bodha yA vyApti-jJAna para nirbhara karatA hai| vyApti-jJAna ke abhAva meM anumAna-pramANa bhI nahIM raha pAegA, ataH, anumAna ko pramANa mAnane para sAmAnya ko svIkAra karanA hogA, kyoMki vyApti, jisa para anumAna AdhArita hai, vaha sAmAnya lakSaNavAlI bhI hai| sAmAnya ko asvIkAra karane para vyApti kA grahaNa nahIM hogA aura 410 dekheM - hetubindu TIkA, pR. 150, 151 " dekhaM - hetubindu TIkA, sAmAnyaM na pratIyate, pR. 23
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________________ 292 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA vyApti ke AdhAra para anumAna bhI nahIM hogaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM dvArA sAmAnya ko mAtra kAlpanika mAnane kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA kI hai| bauddhadarzana kI vizeSa kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA pramANanayatattvAloka ke paMcama pariccheda meM vizeSa ke do prakAra batAte hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki guNa aura paryAya kI apekSA se vizeSa do prakAra kA hotA hai| isameM guNa dravya kA sahabhAvI-dharma hai aura paryAya dravya kA kramabhAvI-dharma mAnA gayA hai| isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM ratnAkarAvatArikA meM naiyAyikoM aura bauddha-maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai|14 bauddha-dArzanika jaina-mata kI samIkSA karate hae kahate haiM ki sAmAnyatayA dravya sahakArI-kAraNoM kI upasthiti meM hI kArya karatA hai, kintu sahakArI-kAraNoM ke abhAva meM bhI vaha jisase nivRtti ko prApta nahIM hotA hai, vahI usakA svabhAva kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki svabhAva kA parityAga yA viyoga saMbhava nahIM hai| bauddha yaha mAnate haiM ki sahakArI-kAraNoM ke nahIM hone para bhI, arthAt unake abhAva meM dharmI-padArtha apanA kArya nahIM kara sakatA hai| isake viparIta, yadi yaha mAneM ki sahakArI-kAraNoM ke nahIM hone para bhI dharmI nitya-padArtha apanA kArya kara sakatA hai, to phira use sahakArI-kAraNoM ke sAtha milakara kArya karate samaya sva-svabhAva kA arthAt nityatA-lakSaNa kA parityAga karanA par3egA aura yadi vaha apane nitya sva-svabhAva kA parityAga karatA hai, to vaha nitya nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH, hama bauddha yaha mAnate haiM ki sahakArI-kAraNoM ke abhAva meM koI nitya-dharmI padArtha bhI kArya kara nahIM sakatA hai- isa mAnyatA meM koI doSa nahIM hai| 13 jaina - isake uttara meM, jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki sahakArI-kAraNoM ke samUha kI upasthiti meM hI kArya karane ke svabhAva-vizeSa vAlA padArtha sahakArI-kAraNoM kA tyAga karatA nahIM hai, apitu una sahakArI-kAraNoM ko majabUtI se pakar3a kara rakhatA hai, kyoMki 12 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 730 41 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 737, 738
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 293 yadi vaha sahakArI-kAraNoM ko chor3a de, to svabhAva-hAni kA prasaMga upasthita hotA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki yadi svabhAva kA nAza ho jAe, to dharmI padArtha bhI nitya nahIM rahegA aura anitya ho jAegA, kintu hama jaina-dArzanika svabhAva kA nAza mAnate nahIM haiN| koI bhI padArtha sahakArI-kAraNoM ke hone para hI kArya karatA hai aura sahakArI-kAraNoM kA abhAva hone para kArya nahIM karatA hai- aisA anvayavyatirekarUpa ubhaya-AlaMbana vAlA cauthA pakSa svIkAra karane para to padArtha ke viruddha-dharmI hone kA doSa AegA, kyoMki aisI sthiti meM padArtha ko nitya-svabhAva vAlA aura sahakArI-kAraNoM kI apekSA rakhane vAlA- aise virodhI svabhAva vAlA mAnanA hogaa| dUsarI ora, yadi yaha mAnA jAe ki padArtha kAryakArI hai aura sahakArI-kAraNoM sahita hai, to phira sahakArI-kAraNoM kA abhAva kaise saMbhava hai ? sahakArI-kAraNoM aura padArthoM meM bheda mAnane para padArtha kI nityatA kI hAni hogii|15 bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki hama to yaha mAnate haiM ki dharmI padArtha kisI kAla-vizeSa meM sahakArI-kAraNoM se yukta hotA hai aura vahI padArtha kisI kAla-vizeSa meM sahakArI-kAraNoM se rahita bhI hotA hai aura isa prakAra, kAla-bheda ke AdhAra para sahakArI-kAraNoM ke sahita aura rahita hone se padArtha anitya hI hai| jaina - isa para, jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki Apa bauddha-dArzanikoM kI yaha bAta ucita nahIM hai| donoM hI kAloM meM dharmI dravya sadaiva eka hI rahatA hai| kAla-bheda ke hone para, athavA sahakArI-kAraNoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga kI avasthA meM dharmI dravya to sarvathA eka hI rahatA hai| dharmI dravya meM sahakArI-kAraNoM kA saMyoga aura viyoga hotA hai, kintu usase usakA sva-svarUpa aprabhAvita rahatA hai, ApakA yaha mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki dharmI dravya meM sahakArI-kAraNoM kA saMyoga aura viyoga mAnane para dharmI dravya eka svabhAva vAlA nahIM rahegA aura isa AdhAra para vaha vastutaH anitya hI siddha hogaa| yadi Apa (bauddha) sahakArI-kAraNoM ke saMyoga aura viyoga meM dharmI dravya meM bheda mAneMge, to eka kAla meM dharmI dravya sahakArI-kAraNoM ke saMyoga vAlA hogA aura dUsare kAla meM 414 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 738 415 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 739 416 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 739
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________________ 294 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA sahakArI kAraNoM ke abhAva vAlA hogaa| isa prakAra, dharmI-dravya eka nahIM rahegA aura isa AdhAra para vaha nitya bhI nahIM hogaa|" bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM, prajJAkara gapta kA kathana hai ki dharmI dravya dharmoM se atyanta bhinna hone se dharmoM ke badalane para dharmI dravya badalatA nahIM haiM, vaha donoM kAloM meM eka hI rahatA hai, ataH, dharmI dravya meM bheda batAkara jo Apa hama para ekAnta-anityatA kA doSa lagAte haiM, vaha ucita nahIM hai| 18 jaina - isake pratyuttara meM, jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki dharma se dharmI dravya ekAnta-bhinna nahIM hotA hai| jo Apa (bauddha) ekAntabheda kI kalpanA karate haiM, vaha ucita nahIM hai| dharma aura dharmI meM ekAntabheda nahIM hai, unameM kathaMcit-bheda aura kathaMcit-abheda hai| sahakArI-kAraNa kI upasthiti aura anupasthiti meM bhI dharmI-dravya meM arthakriyAkAritva nAmaka svabhAva to rahatA hI hai| usake usa svabhAva kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki kAraNa sAmAnya-sAkalya hone para kriyA ke pariNAma hote haiM aura kAraNa-sAkalya arthAt sahakArI-kAraNoM ke abhAva meM kriyArUpa-pariNAma hote haiM, kintu isase dravya ke kriyA-sAmarthya yA arthakriyAkAritva meM koI bheda nahIM hotA hai| dharmIdravya meM jo kartRtava-svabhAva hai, vaha to sahakArI-kAraNoM kI upasthiti meM aura unakI anupasthiti meM- donoM hI avasthAoM meM rahatA hai| apane kriyAkAritvarUpa svabhAva kI apekSA se dharmIdravya nitya hai aura sahakArI-kAraNa-sAkalya kI upasthiti yA anupasthiti kI apekSA se vaha bhinna-bhinna hone se vaha kathaMcit-bhedarUpa vAlA, arthAt anitya bhI hai| bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM, apane pakSa ke bacAva ke lie yadi bauddha-dArzanika yaha kahate haiM ki sahakArI-kAraNa-sAkalya aura sahakArI-kAraNa-vaikalya- aise paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA yoga hone se dharmI ekAnta-nitya nahIM raha sakatA hai, arthAta pUrvakAla meM rahe hae sahakArI-kAraNa-vaikalya se aura paravartI-kAla meM hone vAle 4 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 739 418 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 740 419 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 740
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA sahakArI - kAraNa - sAkalya kI upasthiti hone para dharmI meM bheda mAnane kA prasaMga upasthita hogA / 120 jaina isa para jaina- dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki kyA kAraNa- sAkalya kI upasthiti meM dharmI dravya meM arthakriyAkAritva kA guNa A jAtA hai aura kAraNa - sAkalya ke abhAva meM vaha guNa nahIM rahatA hai ? kintu aisA mAnanA to ucita nahIM hai / sahakArI - kAraNoM kI upasthiti meM cAhe kArya hotA ho aura unakI anupasthiti meM cAhe kArya nahIM bhI hotA ho, kintu dharmI dravya meM arthakriyAkAritva kA guNa to donoM sthitiyoM meM bhI banA rahatA hai| isa prakAra, yaha siddha hotA hai ki dharmI dravya cAhe ekAntataH nitya nahIM ho, kintu vaha ekAntataH anitya bhI siddha nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra,, ratnaprabhasUra yaha siddha karate haiM ki Apa (bauddhoM) kI ekAnta - anityatA yA kSaNikatA kI avadhAraNA ucita nahIM hai| vastutattva kathaMcit- nitya aura kathaMcit -- anitya hI hai / dravya ke utpAda - vyayarUpa svabhAva ke kAraNa kathaMcit-anityatA hai aura dhauvya-svabhAva ke kAraNa kathaMcit - nityatA bhI hai aura isa prakAra, apekSA - bheda se kathaMcit-nityatA aura kathaMcit - anityatA meM koI virodha bhI nahIM hai| 21 jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kA kathana hai ki vastutattva abhAvAtmaka - guNoM se bhI yukta rahatA hai, jaise gAya meM gotva - guNa kA sadbhAva aura azvatva - guNa kA abhAva hotA hai / vastu meM svadravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se astitva - guNa hai aura vastu meM paradravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA abhAva hone se nAstitva- guNa bhI hai / yadyapi astitva aura nAstitva- ye donoM prakAra ke guNa paraspara virodhI haiM, kiMtu apekSA - bheda se bhAvAtmaka aura abhAvAtmaka- donoM prakAra ke guNa-dharma vastu meM hote haiM, lekina dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se vastu asat hI hai, aisA bhI hama jaina nahIM maante| hama kevala itanA mAnate haiM ki bhAvarUpa vastu meM paradravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA abhAva hai, kyoMki svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se vastu meM satva yA astitva - guNa bhI hai, kyoMki paradravyAdi meM vastu ke astitva ko nakArane kI zakti nahIM hotI hai| vastu meM paradravya Adi kA nAstitva usako nAstirUpa nahIM banAtA hai| vastu meM svadravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSA se astitva - guNa hai aura paradravya, kSetra, kAla, 420 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 741 421 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 742 295
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA bhAva kA usameM abhAva hone se unakI apekSA nAstitva-guNa hai, ataH, vastu na to Apa bauddhoM ke samAna ekAnta-kSaNika hai aura na vedAntiyoM ke samAna ekAnta - nitya hai / yahA~ jaina- dArzanika apane pakSa kI siddhi ke lie kahate haiM ki koI bhI dravya apanI paryAyoM ke rUpa meM hI utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai, parantu dravyarUpa se na to utpanna hotA hai aura na naSTa hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, mRttikA - piNDa se ghaTa utpanna hotA hai aura ghaTa kA nAza hone para kapAla kI utpatti hotI hai, kintu mRttikA - piNDa, ghaTa aura kAla- ina tInoM avasthAoM meM mRttikArUpa dravya to samAna hI rahatA hai| vyakti meM bAlyAvasthA, yuvAvasthA aura vRddhAvasthA - tInoM spaSTa rUpa se udbhUta hotI haiM / bAlyAvasthA naSTa hokara yuvAvasthA utpanna hotI hai aura yuvAvasthA naSTa hokara vRddhAvasthA utpanna hotI hai, kintu ina saba avasthAoM meM bhI vyakti to vahI rahatA hai, ataH, vastu kevala utpAda-vyayayukta nahIM hai, apitu vaha dhauvyayukta bhI hai| paryAyoM kI utpatti aura vinAza hotA rahatA hai, kintu dravya to vahI rahatA hai| 122 296 bauddha jainoM kI isa sthApanA ke virodha meM bauddha - dArzanikoM kA kathana hai ki jisa prakAra aMgulI meM jo nAkhUna utpanna hotA hai, vaha anta meM kATakara pheMka dene para naSTa ho jAtA hai, phira bhI vyavahAra meM aisA kahA jAtA hai ki nAkhUna phira se A gayA, kintu vaha anvaya kI pratItirUpa hI hai, yathArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki jo nAkhUna utpanna hokara naSTa ho cukA hai, vaha punaH utpanna nahIM hotA hai, ataH, vastu kevala utpAda - vyayarUpa hai, usameM anvaya (ekAtmakatA) yA dhauvyatA mAnanA bhrAnta hai / bAlaka devadatta, yuvA devadatta aura vRddha devadatta meM bAlapana, yuvApana aura vRddhapana vastutaH anvayarUpa hI haiM, smRti, pratyabhijJA Adi se yaha siddha hotA hai, ataH, Apa jainoM kA yaha mAnanA ucita nahIM hai ki dravya aura usakI paryAyoM meM anvaya dekhA jAtA hai| paryAyoM kI apekSA vastu meM utpAda - vyaya hai aura dravya kI apekSA se dhauvyatva hai- yaha Apa jainoM kI mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai| hama bauddhoM kA yaha mAnanA hai ki bhinna-bhinna paryAyoM meM jo anvaya dekhA jAtA hai, vaha bhrAnta hai, yaha vAstavika nahIM hai| pratyeka paryAya eka-dUsare se bhinna hai aura yaha paryAya hI dravya hai, paryAya se pRthak dravya nahIM hai 423 422 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 742 423 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 742
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________________ 297 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA yahA~ bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki utpAda-vyaya aura dhauvya paraspara virodhI haiM, ataH, aisA kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ki vastu utpAda-vyaya-dharmAtmaka bhI hai aura dhauvyAtmaka bhI hai| cU~ki utpatti, vyaya aura dhrauvyatA- ye tInoM bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH, Apa jainoM kA vastu kA trayadharmAtmaka mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM ho sakatA hai| jaina - isake uttara meM, jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha kathana ucita hI nahIM hai| utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya kathaMcit eka-dUsare se bhinna haiM, kintu ekAntarUpa se bhinna nahIM haiM, kyoMki zUnya (abhAva) se na to utpatti saMbhava hai aura na nAza kA hI pUrNa vinAza hotA hai| yadi utpAda ke pUrva bhI vastu kI anya paryAya ke rUpa meM sattA rahI huI hai aura nAza ke bAda bhI vastu kI anya paryAya ke rUpa meM sattA rahatI hai, to phira vastu ko utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayukta mAnane meM kyA Apatti hai ? utpAda aura vyaya bhI cAhe bhinna-bhinna hoM, kintu dravya kI apekSA se pUrNataH bhinna nahIM haiN| asata se kisI bhI prakAra kI utpatti saMbhava nahIM hai aura binA utpatti ke vinAza bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| utpatti ke lie pUrva meM kisI sattA ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai, anyathA utpatti kisase hogI? isI prakAra, vinAza bhI pUrNa nAza nahIM hai, usameM dravya to banA hI rahatA hai, jaise- ghaTa kI utpatti ke pUrva miTTI aura ghaTa ke vinAza ke bAda bhI miTTI to rahatI hI hai| ataH, vastu ko ekAnta-nitya yA ekAnta-anitya mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| isa prakAra, hama jainoM ke anusAra to padArtha ekAnta-nitya aura ekAnta-anitya na hokara nityAnitya hI siddha hotA hai| 25 bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - ratnAkarAvatArikA meM pramANanayatattvAloka ke paMcama pariccheda ke AThaveM sUtra kI TIkA meM bauddhoM kA yaha pUrvapakSa upasthita kiyA gayA hai ki vastu ko paradravya Adi kI apekSA se asatva arthAt abhAvarUpa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| vastu svadravya kI apekSA se astirUpa haiyaha bAta to bauddhoM ko svIkAra hai, kintu paradravya kI apekSA se vastu nAstirUpa hai- yaha bAta bauddhoM ko svIkAra nahIM hai| 25 jaina - bauddhoM kI isa mAnyatA kI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabhasUri likhate haiM ki yadi vastu meM paradravya kA asatva svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAegA, 424 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 742 425 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 743, 744 426 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 747
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________________ 298 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA to phira vastu ke sarvAtmaka aura sarvamaya hone kA prasaMga upasthita hogaa| aisI sthiti meM gur3a aura gobara eka hI ho jaaeNge| ghaTa aura paTa meM koI antara nahIM rahegA, ghaTa paTarUpa hogA aura paTa ghaTarUpa hogA aura isa prakAra, bhinna-bhinna padArthoM kI samasta vyavasthA hI samApta ho jaaegii| vastu meM para ke guNa dharmoM kA abhAva hone kA artha usakA asat honA nahIM hai| vastu meM para ke guNa-dharmoM kA abhAva hone se vastu kA svayaM kA abhAva nahIM hotA hai| dUsare yaha ki jina guNa-dharmoM kA jisa vastu-vizeSa meM abhAva batAyA gayA hai, ve guNa-dharma bhI sarvathA asata nahIM haiM, kyoMki anya kisI vastu meM ve astitvarUpa hai hI, ataH, abhAva bhI ekAntarUpa se abhAva nahIM hai| isI prakAra, mRttikA-piNDa ke ghaTarUpa meM pariNata hote samaya usake sAtha sahakArI-kAraNoM kA sadbhAva hotA hai| mRttikA kA ghaTa banane ke bAda usake sAtha una sahakArI-kAraNoM kA viyoga ho jAtA hai, kintu isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki ve sahakArI-kAraNa astitva meM hI nahIM haiN| udAharaNArtha, ghar3A banAte samaya cakra, daMDa Adi sahakArI-kAraNoM kA miTTI-dravya ke sAtha saMyoga hotA hai, kintu kAlAntara meM vaha saMyoga bhI viyoga meM badala jAtA hai, kintu isakA artha yaha nahIM huA ki una sahakArI-kAraNoM kA sarvathA abhAva ho gyaa|" bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki hama bhI para ke asatva ko sva-satva se pRthaka nahIM mAnate haiM, sAtha hI para kA asatva sarvathA abhAvarUpa hai- aisA bhI hama nahIM mAnate haiM, apitu hamArI mAnyatA yaha hai ki jo sva-satva hai, vahI para-asatva hai| sva-satva se pRthak para-asatva jaisI koI vastu nahIM hai| 28 jaina - bauddhoM ke isa kathana para jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha kathana indrajAlika ke samAna hI hai, kyoMki Apa jo yaha kahate haiM ki jo sva-satva (sva kI sattA) hai, vahI para-asatva (para kA abhAva) hai, jisakA artha yaha huA ki para kI apekSA vAlA aisA sva se bhinna koI asatva (abhAva) nahIM hai, kintu ghaTa meM paTa ke guNa-dharmoM kA asatva (abhAva) hai, para isase yaha phalita nahIM hotA hai ki para kI sattA (astitva) hI nahIM hai| ghaTa meM paTatva kA abhAva yA asatva hai, kintu paTa meM paTatva kI sattA (satva) to hai hii| ghaTa meM paTa kA abhAva, paTa ke abhAva 427 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 747, 748 428 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 748
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA (asatva) ko siddha nahIM kara sakatA hai / ghaTa meM paTa kA asatva (abhAva) paTa kA asatva (abhAva) nahIM hai, apitu anya deza-kAla meM usakI sattA (satva) kA hI sUcaka hai| isa prakAra se vastu na to sarvathA abhAvarUpa hai aura na sarvathA bhAvarUpa hai, ataH, ApakA yaha kahanA ki jo sva-satva (sva kI sattA) hai, vahI para kA asatva (para kA abhAva ) hai - aisA siddha nahIM hotA hai / eka vastu meM dUsare kA abhAva hotA hai, kintu vaha abhAva bhI usa vastu kI apekSA se sat hI hotA hai| ataH Apa bauddhoM ko yaha bAta svIkAra kara lenA cAhie ki vastu eka-dUsare kI apekSA se hI sat-asatrUpa hotI hai, ekAnta - satva yA ekAnta-asatvarUpa nahIM hai, ataH, jo sva-satva hai, vahI para-asatva hai - aisA nahIM haiM, apitu sva bhI satva -asatvarUpa hai aura para bhI satva-asatvarUpa hai / dravyoM meM eka-dUsare kA abhAva hotA hai, kintu jinakA abhAva hotA hai, ve bhI mAtra abhAvarUpa nahIM hote haiM / sva meM para kA abhAva ekAntarUpa se paTa kA abhAva nahIM hai, vaha to sApekSika - abhAva hI hai, isalie Apa bauddhoM kA vastu meM para kA abhAva mAnanA ucita hai, kintu vastu meM sva ke satva ke sAtha hI para kA asatva (abhAva) hotA hai, ataH, Apa bauddhoM ko yaha bhI mAnanA cAhie aura yaha 'para' bhI sva kI apekSA se hI asat hotA hai, kintu vaha 'para' bhI apanI apekSA se sat bhI hotA hai| Apako yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki yaha anekAntarUpa vastusvarUpa kI vyavasthA hI hai, samyak kahI jA sakatI hai| vastu ekAntarUpa se na to bhedarUpa hai aura na abhedarUpa hai / anekAnta - dRSTi ekAntabheda aura ekAnta - abheda kA tiraskAra karatI hai, kintu sApekSa rUpa se bheda aura abheda - donoM ko svIkAra karatI hai| 428 429 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 748 299
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________________ 300 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya-11 bauddhoM ke vilakSaNa hetu kI samIkSA pramANanayatattvAloka kI ratnAkarAvatArikA nAmaka TIkA ke tIsare pariccheda meM jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne hetu-lakSaNa kI samIkSA kI hai| pramANanaya tattvAloka ke tRtIya pariccheda ke gyArahaveM sUtra meM hetu kA lakSaNa isa prakAra, diyA gayA hai- 'nizcitAnyathAnupapatyeka lakSaNo hetuH', arthAt nizcita rUpa se sAdhya ke binA nahIM honA, yahI ekamAtra hetu kA lakSaNa hai| (nizcita-nizcita rUpa se, anyathA-sAdhya ke binA, anupapatti- nahIM honA, yahI hetu kA ekamAtra lakSaNa hai)| nizcita hI sAdhya ke binA jisakA astitva saMbhava na ho, arthAt jo sAdhya ke binA kadApi nahIM hotA ho, vahI hetu kahalAtA hai,430 jaise- agni (sAdhya) ke binA dhUma kadApi saMbhava nahIM hai, arthAt Aga ke sivAya dhuA~ anya kisI se hotA hI nahIM hai, ataeva dhUma hetu hai| isameM mukhyatA hetu kI upalabdhi kI hai| hetu kA grahaNa hone para hI sAdhya kA anumAna hotA hai| hetu-dhue~ ke sadbhAva meM sAdhya-agni kA sadbhAva tathA sAdhya-agni ke abhAva meM hetu-dhue~ kA abhAva- yahI ekamAtra hetu kA lakSaNa hai, arthAt jo jisake binA nahIM hotA, usakA vahI hetu hai, jaise-mA~ ke binA putra nahIM hotA, putra hai, to mA~ avazya hogI hii| jisake binA anya kisI bhI prakAra se sAdhya kI siddhi saMbhava nahIM hotI ho, vahI hetu kahA jAegA, anya kisI bhI rUpa meM hetu kA astitva siddha hotA hI nahIM hai| yahA~ prazna yaha utpanna hotA hai ki kyA hetu kahIM ati-vyApta hotA hai, to kahIM alpavyApta bhI hotA hai ? yadyapi mUla sUtra meM 'sAdhya ke binA- aisA spaSTa ullekha to nahIM kiyA gayA hai, kintu hetu kA prasaMga hone ke kAraNa yahA~ anyathAnupapatti sAdhya-dharma ke sAtha hI honA cAhie, arthAt hetu ko sAdhya ke binA honA hI nahIM cAhie, isalie sAdhya se 430 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 413
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 301 itara (anya) padArthoM ke sAtha anyathAnupapatti se aise pratyakSa jJAnAdi meM hetu ke isa lakSaNa kI ativyApti nahIM hotii| parvato vahnimAn dhUmAt mahAnasavat - isa anumAna meM dhUma-hetu, sAdhya-agni ke sAtha anyathAnupapatti vAlA hai| yahA~ dhUma- ye hetu kA lakSaNa ghaTita hone ke kAraNa hI vaha hetu kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra, sAdhya (agni) se itara (anya) jo ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha haiM, inakA cAkSuSa-pratyakSarUpa jJAna hotA hai| yadi ghaTa-paTa Adi padArtha nahIM hoM, to una viSayoM kA cAkSuSa-jJAna (pratyakSa) bhI nahIM hogA, ataH, yaha kahA bhI jAe ki pratyakSa jJAna meM bhI ghaTa-paTa Adi ke sAtha anyathAnupapanna nAmaka lakSaNa pAyA jAtA hai, lekina vaha hetu nahIM kahalAtA hai, kyoMki parokSa vastu ko siddha karane meM jo avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha vAlA ho, vahI hetu banatA hai| pratyakSa meM sAkSAt padArtha ko dikhAI dene se hetu-hetumadbhAva nahIM hotA hai| vastutaH, anumAna se jise siddha kiyA jAtA hai, aise sAdhya ke sAtha hI jisakA avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha nizcita ho, vahI hetu kahalAtA hai| DaoN. dharmacanda jaina 'bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA nAmaka pustaka meM likhate haiM ki jaina-darzana meM sarvaprathama siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra meM anyathAnupapatti ko hetu kA lakSaNa kahA gayA hai| saMbhava hai, siddhasena ke pUrva bhI kisI anya jano-AcArya ne hetu kA lakSaNa anyathAnupapannatva yA avinAbhAvitva pratipAdita kiyA ho, kintu usakA ullekha samprati anupalabdha hai| hetu-lakSaNa kI yaha paribhASA mANikyanandI, devasUri, hemacandrAdi uttaravartI jaina-dArzanikoM dvArA bhI apanAyI gaI hai| ina dArzanikoM ne akalaMkakRta 'nizcaya' athavA 'nizcita' zabda ke prayoga kA bhI hetu-lakSaNa meM samAveza kara liyA hai, yathA- mANikyanandI evaM hemacandra ke anusAra, jisakA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvitva nizcita ho, vaha hetu hai| devasUri ke zabdoM meM, nizcita-anyathAnupapattirUpa eka lakSaNa vAlA hetu hotA hai|435 431 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 413 47 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 413, 414 433 dekheM - anyathAnupapannatvaM hetolakSaNamIritam - siddhasena-nyAyAvatAra, 22 434 dekheM - sAdhyAvinAbhAvitvena nizcito hetuH| - parIkSAmukha, 3.11 435 dekheM - nizcitAnyathAnupapatyeka lakSaNo hetuH / pramANanayatatvAloka 3.11
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jaina - dArzanikoM ne isI lakSaNa dvArA hetu ke anvaya evaM vyatirekadonoM rUpoM ko grahaNa kara liyA hai| anvaya kA grahaNa ve hetu ke tathopapatti-rUpa dvArA karate haiM tathA vyatireka kA grahaNa anyathAnupapattirUpa dvArA karate haiN| sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA abhAva anyathAnupapatti- prayoga hai tathA sAdhya ke hone para hI hetu kA honA tathopapatti - prayoga hai / 436 302 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri 'sAdhya ke sAtha nizcitAnyathAnupapatti- yahI ekamAtra hetu kA lakSaNa mAnate haiN| ve 'na tu trilakSaNakAdiH' sUtra se bauddhoM dvArA mAnya hetu ke 'trilakSaNa' aura naiyAthikoM dvArA mAnya hetu ke pA~ca lakSaNa ko anAvazyaka mAnate haiM / 437 bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - bauddha - dArzanikoM kA yaha maMtavya hai ki jo pakSadharmatva, sapakSa - satva aura vipakSa-asatva- ina tIna lakSaNoM se yukta ho, vahI hetu kahalAtA hai ,438 vahIM dUsarI tarapha, hama yaha dekhate haiM ki sUtra meM ullikhita Adi zabda se yaugika (naiyAyika aura vaizeSika) bauddhoM ke trilakSaNa sahita abAdhita viSayatva aura asatpratipakSatva- ina do lakSaNoM ko milAkara hetu ko pA~ca lakSaNoM vAlA pratipAdita karate haiM / 139 DaoN. dharmacanda jaina bauddha - pramANa - mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA pustaka meM likhate haiM ki bauddha evaM jaina- dArzanikoM meM anumAna -pramANa ke saMbaMdha meM sabase adhika vivAda hetu lakSaNa ko lekara hai| bauddha- dArzanika hetu meM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva evaM vipakSAsatva- ina tIna rUpoM kA honA Avazyaka mAnate haiN| jo hetu ina tIna rUpoM se yukta nahIM hotA, use ve asat hetu athavA hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM / pakSadharmatva kA artha hai- dhUmAdirUpa hetu kA pakSa, arthAt vahni viziSTa parvatAdi meM rahanA, sapakSasatva kA artha hai- dhUmAdi hetu kA mahAnasa Adi sapakSa meM rahanA evaM vipakSAsatva kA artha hai- usa hetu kA jalAzaya Adi vipakSa meM nahIM rahanA / ' 440 436 dekheM - bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacaMda jaina 437 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 414 438 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 414 439 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 415 440 dekheM - bauddha pramANa - mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacaMda janA, pR. 218, 219
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 303 jaina - ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM trirUpa hetu-lakSaNa aura paMcarUpa hetu-lakSaNa kA khaNDana karate haiN| isI sambandha meM DaoN. dharmacanda jaina 'bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA' nAmaka pustaka meM likhate haiM- 'jaina-darzana meM trairUpya evaM pA~ca rUpya kA nirasana kara hetu kA eka hI lakSaNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura vaha hai- usakA sAdhya ke sAtha nizcita avinaabhaav| sAdhya ke abhAva meM hetu kA na rahanA hI avinAbhAva hai| avinAbhAva ke lie jaina-dArzanikoM ne anyathAnupapatti zabda kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| samasta jaina-dArzanika sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva yA anyathAnupapatti ko hI hetu kA ekamAtra lakSaNa pratipAdita karate haiN| jaina-dArzanikoM kA maMtavya hai ki yadi hetu meM sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAvitva hai, to trairUpya evaM pA~ca rUpya ke abhAva meM bhI hetu sAdhya kA gamaka hotA hai aura yadi usameM avinAbhAvitva nahIM hai, to trairUpya evaM pA~ca rUpya ke hone para bhI vaha sAdhya kA gamaka nahIM hotA hai| bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - ___isa sambandha meM bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa ko prastuta karate hue DaoN. dharmacanda jaina likhate haiM- 'bauddha-dArzanika bhI hetu kA sAdhya ke sAtha avinAbhAva-rUpa pratibandha to svIkAra karate hI haiM tathA usake abhAva meM hetuoM ko hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM; kintu ve avinAbhAva kI parisamApti trirUpatA meM karate haiN| unakA maMtavya hai ki jo hetu trirUpasampanna hotA hai, vahI sAdhya kA avinAbhAvI hokara sAdhya kA jJAna karAtA hai| 42 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddhoM evaM naiyAyikoM kA pUrvapakSa - ratnAkarAvatArikA meM jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke trilakSaNa evaM naiyAyikoM ke pA~ca lakSaNoM kA ullekha nimnAnusAra karate haiMbauddhoM ke hetu ke trilakSaNa evaM naiyAyikoM ke paMcalakSaNa kA vivecana 1. pakSadharmatva - jJAtavya hai ki hetu kA pakSa meM honA hI pakSadharmatva kahalAtA hai| anumAna meM nirdezita hetu kA pakSa meM honA avazyambhAvI hai aura pakSa meM hone para hI vaha pakSa kA dharma kahalAtA hai| jaba hama aisA kathana karate haiM ki 'parvato vahimAn dhUmAt', arthAt dhUmavAn hone se parvata vahimAn 441 dekheM-bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, pR. 220. 442 dekheM-bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, pR. 220.
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________________ 304 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA hai, yahA~ agni sAdhya hai aura dhUmatva-hetu parvatarUpI pakSa kA dharma hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, agni sAdhya hai, dhUma hetu hai aura parvata pakSa hai, ataH, bauddhoM ke anusAra, hetu kI vizeSatA isI meM hai ki vaha pakSa meM avazya ho| jJAtavya hai ki jahA~ sAdhya kI siddhi kI jAtI hai, vaha pakSa kahalAtA hai| hetu yadi pakSa meM vidyamAna na ho, to vaha pakSa kA dharma kahalAne yogya nahIM banatA hai| hetu kahIM ora ho, pakSa kahIM ora ho, to sAdhya kI siddhi nahIM hotI hai, yathA'zabda: nityaH cAkSuSatvAt yahA~ zabda nAmaka pakSa meM cakSu grAhyatva hetu vidyamAna nahIM hai| cUMki zabda zrotra-grAhya haiM, ataH, yaha cAkSuSatva aise pakSa kA dharma nahIM kahalA sktaa| jo yathArtha hetu hotA hai, vaha pakSa kA dharma hotA hai, paraMtu zabda meM cAkSuSatva ke nAma kA dharma nahIM hotA hai, ataH, cAkSuSatva se zabda kI nityatA kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI hai| bauddhoM ke anusAra, hetu kA pakSa meM honA- yaha hetu kA pahalA lakSaNa hai| 45 2. sapakSasatva - jahA~ para dhuA~ aura Aga sAtha-sAtha dekhe jAte haiM. usako sapakSasatva kahate haiN| sapakSasatva, arthAt apane pakSa meM donoM ko honA cAhie, arthAt apane pakSa meM sAdhya aura hetu- donoM kI sattA honA caahie| dUsare zabdoM meM, jahA~ para bhI sAdhya kI siddhi kI jA rahI hai, yA jahA~ para hetu aura sAdhya kI vyApti batA rahe haiM, jaise - rasoIghara, vahA~ hetu arthAt dhue~ kA honA jarUrI hai, pAkazAlA arthAt sapakSa ho gayA, vyApti sArvakAlika hotI hai| jaisA dhuA~ rasoIghara meM hai, vaisA hI dhuA~ parvata para ho, to hI sAdhya kI siddhi ho sakatI hai; kintu rasoIghara se bhinna dhuA~ ho, to siddhi nahIM hogI, yathA- zItaRtu meM jalAzaya para dikhAI dene vAlA dhuA~, rasoIghara jaisA dhuA~ nahIM hotA hai, ataH, unase sAdhya kI siddhi bhI nahIM hotI hai| sapakSasatva meM pakSa meM agni ke sadbhAva ke sAtha-sAtha dhue~ kA bhI sadbhAva avazya honA cAhie; kintu 'zabda: nityaH zrAvaNatvAt zabdatvavat'- prabhAkara isa prakAra, jo anumAna prastuta karate haiM, usameM zrAvaNatva-hetu nityatva-dharma vAle AkAza meM jisa prakAra vyAvRtta hai, usI prakAra yathArtha-hetu bhI sapakSa meM vyAvRtta ho hI, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| hetu kA mAtra sapakSa meM vidyamAna honA hI hetu kA dUsarA lakSaNa hai| 3. vipakSa-asatva - pakSa kA vipakSa jalAzaya meM asatva arthAt abhAva honA caahie| jahA~ Aga kA abhAva ho, vahA~ dhue~ kA bhI abhAva honA vipakSa 443 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 415 444 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 415
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kahalAtA hai| yahA~ para jalAzaya vipakSa hai / yadyapi jalAzaya meM dhuA~ avazya nikalatA hai, kiMtu vahA~ Aga ke abhAva meM akele dhue~ se hetu kI siddhi nahIM ho jAtI, arthAt sAdhya ke abhAva vAle sthAna meM hetu kA abhAva honA vipakSAsatva hai, parantu yadi 'parvato vahnimAn prameyatvAt isa prakAra, parvata rUpa pakSa meM agni kI siddhi ke lie dhUma ke badale yadi pratyeka hetu diyA jAe, to vaha prameyatva - hetu vipakSa meM bhI vidyamAna hai, isalie vaha yathArtha - hetu nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki prameyatva - hetu sAdhyAbhAva arthAt agni ke abhAva vAle jalAzaya Adi sthAnoM meM vidyamAna hai, kintu yathArtha - hetu kA to Aga ke abhAva meM kadApi na honA hI vipakSa-asatva - hetu kA tIsarA lakSaNa hai / 45 4. abAdhita-viSayatva jo bhI vastu hai, arthAt jo bhI prameya hai, athavA jisako bhI siddha karanA hai, vaha abAdhita honA cAhie / anumAna se yukta hetu pratyakSa - anumAna Agama Adi pramANoM se khaMDita (bAdhita) nahIM honA caahie| yathA 'parvato vahnimAn dhUmAt yahA~ para yadi vahni (agnirUpI sAdhya) abAdhita hai, to vahA~ dhUma (hetu) ko bhI kisI pratyakSAdi pramANa se bAdhita nahIM honA cAhie / agni jala ke samAna eka dravya hone se (jala ke samAna hI ) zItala hai| yahA~ isa anumAna meM agni meM zItalatArUpI sAdhya kI siddhi, jo dravyatva - hetu dvArA kI gaI, vaha pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita hai| cUMki agni zItala nahIM hotI hai, isalie hetu (dravyatva) bhI bAdhita hogA, ataH, agni kI zItalatA pratyakSa pramANa se bAdhita ho jAtI hai / brAhmaNa ko zarAba pInA cAhie, kyoMki vaha bhI jala ke samAna hI eka tarala padArtha hai / yahA~ 'brAhmaNa ko zarAba pInA cAhie yaha sAdhya Agama-pramANa se bAdhita hai, isalie dravyatva - hetu bhI bAdhita viSaya vAlA hI hogA / brAhmaNa madirA nahIM pIte haiM aura jo pIte haiM, ve brAhmaNa nahIM haiM- yaha Agama-pramANa se siddha hai / isa prakAra se prathama anumAna meM dravyatna- hetu aura dUsare anumAna meM dravatva (taralatA) hetu- ye donoM hetu jisa prakAra pratyakSa aura Agama-pramANa se bAdhita haiM, usase inakA sAdhya bhI bAdhita viSaya vAlA bana jAtA hai, lekina hetu ko bhI bAdhita nahIM honA caahie| Azaya yaha hai ki sAdhya bAdhita viSaya vAlA bana bhI jAe, kintu 'hetu' ko to pratyakSa Adi kisI bhI Ce 305
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA pramANa se bAdhita nahIM bananA cAhie / nyAya - darzana ke anusAra, hetu kA yaha cauthA lakSaNa hai| 446 306 asat - pratipakSatva nyAya - darzana ne hetu kA pA~cavA~ lakSaNa asatpratipakSatva diyA hai, arthAt hetu kA pratipakSa meM nahIM honA cAhie / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki agnirUpI sAdhya kA dhue~rUpI jo hetu hai, vaha agni se itara arthAt anya kisI ke sAtha nahIM honA caahie| Aga kA pratipakSI anya kucha bhI ho sakatA hai, kintu dhue~ ( hetu) ko Aga (sAdhya) ke sAtha hI honA cAhie, arthAt pratipakSarUpa jo itara padArtha haiM, unameM hetu kA abhAva honA caahie| jisa prakAra pakSa kA sadbhAva honA cAhie, vaise hI pratipakSa kA abhAva bhI honA caahie| tAtparya yaha hai ki parvata para dhUma dikhAI dene ke kAraNa vahA~ agni hai hI, kintu agni ke abhAva ko siddha karane vAlA koI bhI pratispardhI anumAna nahIM hai, isalie hetu kA pA~cavA~ lakSaNa asat - pratipakSatva kahalAtA hai / 147 5. isa prakAra, hetu ko pratipakSa meM sat nahIM honA cAhie, jaise- zabda nitya hai, kyoMki usameM anitya-dharma nahIM hai| yaha anumAna sat-pratipakSa vAlA hai, kyoMki isa anumAna meM sAdhya ko jo nitya kahA gayA hai, usI ko pratipakSarUpa anityatA-dharma ko siddha karane vAlA pratispardhI anumAna bhI sambhava hai, jaise- 'zabda- anitya hai, kyoMki vaha nityatA-dharma se rahita hai / " isa prakAra ke pratipakSI anumAna ke saMbhava hone hetu sat - pratipakSa vAlA hogA, kintu yadi hetu sat-pratipakSa vAlA hogA, to anumAna dUSita hogA, ataH asat ko pratipakSa vAlA honA cAhie- yaha hetu kA pA~cavA~ lakSaNa hai| isa prakAra, bauddha - dArzanika hetu ko trilakSaNa vAlA aura nyAya - dArzanika hetu ko pA~ca lakSaNa vAlA siddha karate haiN| 448 isa prakAra se bauddha - dArzanikoM evaM nyAya ( nyAya-vaizeSika) dArzanikoM ne kramazaH tIna aura pA~ca lakSaNoM se yukta hetu ko hI sAdhya kA gamaka mAnA hai| unake anusAra, inhIM tIna yA pA~ca lakSaNoM se yukta hetu (liMga) nirdoSa hai| yahA~ isa prakAra, unake pUrvapakSa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai 1449 446 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 415,416 447 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 416 448 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 416 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 416 449
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bhAratIya-darzana meM 'nyAya - darzana ke viziSTa vidvAn paM. baladeva upAdhyAya likhate haiM- hetu ke dvArA hI anumAna kI siddhi hotI hai, ataH, hetu kI nirdoSatA ke viSaya meM naiyAyikoM kA vizeSa Agraha rahatA hai| hetu nimna pA~ca lakSaNoM se yukta hone para hI sadhetu kahA jAtA hai 1. pakSesattA (hetu kA pakSa meM rahanA) 2. sapakSesattA (hetu kA sapakSa meM vidyamAna honA) 3. vipakSAd - vyAvRtti (hetu kA pakSa se viparIta vipakSa ke dRSTAntoM meM, yathA- kUpa, jalAzaya Adi meM nahIM honA) 4. asatpratipakSatvam ( sAdhya se bhinna pratipakSa meM sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie anya hetu kA abhAva honA) 5. abAdhitaviSayatva (hetu kA pratyakSAdi pramANoM dvArA bAdhita na honA) / anumAna kI satyatA hetu ke ina lakSaNoM para avalambita rahatI hai| yadi ina lakSaNoM meM se kisI bhI eka meM truTi lakSita hotI hai, taba vaha hetu sadhetu na hokara hetu kA AbhAsamAtra hotA hai| ApAtataH hetu meM nirduSTatA lakSita hotI ho, parantu vAstava meM jaba vaha doSa se saMbaMdhita rahatA ho, to hI use hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM | 450 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddhoM ke trilakSaNa evaM naiyAyikoM ke paMcalakSaNa hetuvAda kI samIkSA - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki bauddhoM ke trilakSaNa hetuvAda evaM naiyAyikoM ke pA~ca lakSaNa hetuvAda meM jo hetu ke lakSaNa haiM, ve sadhetu ke pratipAdaka na hokara hetvAbhAsa hI haiM / bauddhoM evaM naiyAyikoM ke sadhetu ke lakSaNa meM ativyApti - doSa hai, arthAt ve apanI sthApanA meM lakSaNa to sadhetu kA karate haiM, kintu vaha sadhetu na hokara hetvAbhAsa hI siddha hotA hai, usameM ativyApti - doSa hai / 1451 307 DaoN. dharmacanda jaina 'bauddha pramANa - mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA' meM kahate haiM- 'anyathAnupapanna hI sadhetu kA lakSaNa hai, trilakSaNa hetu nahIM, kyoMki tatputratvAdi hetuoM meM trilakSaNa ke hone para bhI anyathAnupapanna ke abhAva meM sadhetutA nahIM hai, ataH, (hetu kI) trilakSaNatA niSphala ( doSayukta) hai 1452 450 dekheM- bhAratIya darzana, paM. baladeva upAdhyAya, pR. 259 451 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 417 452 dekheM - anyathAnupapannatve, nanu dRSTA suhetutaa| nAsati tryaMzakasyApi tasmAt klIvAstrilakSaNAH tattvasaMgraha, 1363
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________________ 308 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki Apa bauddhoM evaM naiyAyikoM ke hetu-lakSaNa meM ativyApti-doSa AtA hai| anya dArzanika-paramparAoM meM isa prakAra, kA eka anubhava prasiddha hai| 'mitrA' nAma kI eka strI thii| usake kula ATha putra the, jinameM se sAta putra zyAma varNa ke aura AThavA~ patra gaura-varNa thA, kintu phira bhI AThaveM putra ko uddezya karake hI yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA ki yaha AThavA~ putra bhI mitrA kA putra hai| cUMki mitrA ke sAta putra zyAma varNa haiM, ataH, mitrA kA yaha AThavA~ putra bhI zyAma varNa hai| cUMki usake anya sAta putra zyAma varNa ke dekhe gae haiM, ataH, mitrA kA putra hone se usakA AThavA~ putra usake anya putroM ke samAna hI zyAma varNa kA honA caahie| DaoN. dharmacanda jaina 'bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA nAmaka pustaka meM likhate haiM- 'yaha hetu trilakSaNayukta hokara bhI sAdhya kA nizcaya nahIM karA pAtA hai, ataH, avinAbhAva nAmaka lakSaNa ke abhAva meM trirUpatA nirarthaka hai| 454 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabhasUri sarvaprathama uparyukta udAharaNa meM naiyAyikoM dvArA mAnya hetu ke pA~ca lakSaNoM ke hone kI puSTi karate hue kahate haiM- 1. tatputratva (mitrA ke anya putroM ke samAna) zyAmavarNa AThaveM putra meM hai- yaha pakSadharmatA hai| 2. prathama sAta putra zyAma varNa ke hone se sAtoM putra sAdhya-viziSTa haiM, isalie vaha sapakSasatva kahalAtA hai| isameM tatputratva hai, (sAtoM putra hetu haiM), isalie isameM sapakSasatva bhI hai| 3. jisameM zyAmatva nahIM ho- aisA sAdhyAbhAva se yukta jo raktaghaTa, zveta paTa ityAdi haiM, vaha vipakSa hai, vahA~ para tatputratva hetu nahIM hai, isalie isameM vipakSAsatva bhI hai| yadyapi yahA~ vipakSa meM bhI hetusatva ho sakatA hai, arthAt mitrA ke alAvA kisI anya ko bhI to patra ho sakate haiM aura vaha kAlA bhI ho sakatA hai| 4. ataH, uparyukta anumAna meM kisI bhI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM hone se abAdhita viSayatva hai| 5. yahA~ zyAmatva ke abhAva ko siddha karane ke lie anya pratispardhI hetu nahIM hone se asat-pratipakSatva bhI hai| ina pA~coM-lakSaNoM ke hote hue bhI hetu sadhetu nahIM hai, ataH, isa anumAna meM 453 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 417 45* dekheM - bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacanda janA, pR. 225
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________________ 309 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA bauddhoM evaM naiyAyikoM dvArA kathita hetu ke samagra lakSaNa hote hue bhI yaha sadhetu nahIM hai, arthAt hetu ke pA~coM lakSaNa hone para bhI doSayukta hai| 55 bauddha - isa para bauddha-dArzanika apanA maMtavya prastuta karate hue . kahate haiM ki 'vipakSa-asatva' nAma kA yaha tIsarA lakSaNa anumAna meM honA nizcita nahIM hai, kyoMki zyAmAbhAva vAlA rakta ghaTa aura zveta paTa Adi kucha bhI ho sakate haiM; kintu isameM 'tatputratva' (mitrA ke sAta putra) hetu kA abhAva hai, isalie jainoM kA ghaTa meM vipakSAsatva dikhAnA pramANabhUta nahIM hai| vastutaH, hamArA hetu to, jahA~-jahA~ zyAmatva nahIM hai, vahA~-vahA~ sarvatra tatputratva bhI nahIM hai- aisA hai, arthAt hetu meM zyAmatva bhale hI na ho, parantu tatputratva (mitrA ke sAtoM putra) to avazya honA cAhie, isalie vipakSa-asatva ghaTa-paTAdi meM bhale hI ho, parantu vaha nizcita vipakSa-asatva nahIM hai, ataH, hetu ke tIna yA pA~ca lakSaNa honA Avazyaka haiN| Apa jainoM ke raktaghaTa ke udAharaNa meM tIsarA vipakSAsatva-lakSaNa tatputra ke sAtha ghaTita nahIM hotA hai, isalie rakta ghaTa hetu meM sadhetu kA lakSaNa ghaTita nahIM hotA hai aura isIlie hamAre hetu-lakSaNa meM ativyApti-doSa bhI nahIM AtA hai| cUMki ApakA raktaghaTa meM vipakSAsatva dikhAnA hetvAbhAsa hai, isalie hama bauddha ke anusAra jahA~ para tIna lakSaNa hoM aura naiyAyikoM ke anusAra pA~ca lakSaNa hoM, vahIM nizcita rUpa se sadhetu hai, isalie hama bauddhoM dvArA pratipAdita hetu ke trilakSaNa kA siddhAMta ucita hai| jaina - isa para, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki antataH yahA~ Apa bauddhoM ne zabdAntara se to "nizcitAnyathAnupapattiH' kA hI sahArA liyA hai| cAhe vilakSaNa hoM, cAhe pA~ca lakSaNa hoM; kintu 'nizcita-anyathAnupapattiH' ko to svIkAranA hI par3A hai aura isake binA ApakA maMtavya siddha bhI nahIM hotA hai, to phira Apa 'nizcitAnyathAnupapattiH' hI hetu kA ekamAtra samyak evaM nirdoSa lakSaNa hai- aisA kyoM nahIM mAnate haiN| punaH, jaina-dArzanika naiyAyikoM se bhI kahate haiM ki Apa naiyAyika bhI nizcitAnyathAnupapatti se atirikta to anya kucha mAnate nahIM haiN| 455 ratnAkarAvatArikA - bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri - pR. 417 436 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 417, 418 457 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 418
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________________ 310 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA zabdAntara se yA parokSa rUpa se to antataH Apa bhI isI ko svIkAra karate haiM, to phira hetu ke ina pA~ca lakSaNoM ko mAnane kI kyA AvazyakatA hai?58 bauddha - bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki yadi Apa hetu ke prathama lakSaNa 'pakSadharmatA ko nahIM mAnakara mAtra anyathAnupapatti ko hI hetu kA lakSaNa mAneMge, to phira kisI ko rasoIghara ke dhue~ ko dekhakara hI parvata para rahI huI agni kA bodha kyoM nahIM ho jAtA hai ? kyoMki Apa jaina-dArzanika, pakSa meM hetu kA honA cAhie- aisI 'pakSadharmatA ko hetu kA lakSaNa mAnate hI nahIM haiN| jaba dUrastha dhuA~ se dUrastha agni kA bodha ho sakatA hai, to phira rasoIghara ke dhue~ se bhI parvata kI agni kA bodha ho jAnA caahie|59 jaina - isake pratyuttara meM, jaina-dArzanika kahate haiM ki rasoIghara ke dhue~ se parvata para Aga kI siddhi nahIM hotI, kyoMki donoM jagaha rahI haI Aga alaga-alaga hai| yadi Apa pakSa-dharmatA ko hetu kA lakSaNa siddha karate haiM, to phira rasoIghara ke dhue~ meM parvata ko agni kI siddhi kyoM nahIM hotI hai ?160 bauddha - isa para, bauddha kahate haiM ki yaha satya hai ki hama pakSa-dharmatA ko hetu kA lakSaNa avazya svIkAra karate haiN| parvata (pakSa) ke dhue~ se hI parvata (pakSa) meM rahI huI agni kI siddhi hogI, rasoIghara ke dhue~ se parvata (pakSa) para rahI huI agni kI siddhi nahIM hogI, kyoMki prathama to rasoI kA dhuA~ to parvata para nahIM hai, dUsare rasoIghara ke dhue~ meM pakSadharmatva bhI nahIM hai| vaha dhuA~ to rasoIghara me hI hai, parvata para nahIM hai, isalie rasoIghara kA dhuA~ parvata kI agni ko siddha karane vAlA kaise ho sakatA hai?461 jaina - bauddhoM ke isa tarka kI samIkSA karate hae ratnaprabhasari kahate haiM ki jaba Apa (bauddha) yaha kahate haiM ki rasoIghara ke dhue~ se parvata para kI agni kI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI, to phira Apake anusAra jala-sthita caMdramA ke pratibiMba se AkAza meM sthita caMdramA kI siddhi kaise ho sakatI 458 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 419 459 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 419 460 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 419 461 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 419
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 311 hai, jabaki jala meM rahA huA caMdramA kA pratibimba jala kA dharma hai, AkAza kA dharma nahIM hai, Apake isa anumAna meM pakSadharmatva kahA~ hai ? jaba Apa jala ke candra se AkAza ke caMdra kI siddhi mAnate haiM, to phira Apako rasoIghara ke dhue~ se parvata para agni kI siddhi bhI mAna lenA cAhie; kiMtu vaha to Apa mAnate nahIM haiM, ataH, ApakA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM lagatA hai| eka ora, Apa jalagata caMdramA ke pratibiMba se to AkAza meM caMdramA kI siddhi meM pakSadharmatva mAna lete haiM aura dUsarI ora, rasoIghara ke dhue~ se parvata para agni kI siddhi meM pakSadharmatva ko asvIkAra karate haiN| isa prakAra, ApakA yaha kathana yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| 62 bauddha - isake uttara meM, bauddha kahate haiM ki jala-caMdra aura AkAza-caMdra- donoM kA AkAza-dravya eka hI hai, kyoMki AkAza sarva-vyApaka aura akhaMDa dravya hai| AkAza-dravya ke sarvavyApaka hone se jalacaMdra aura AkAzacaMdra ekarUpa dharma ke dharmI hone ke kAraNa jala sthita caMdra se AkAza sthita caMdra kI siddhi saMbhava hai, kyoMki donoM candra eka hI dharmI kA dharma hai| jala-caMdra bhale hI jala meM ho, nabha-caMdra bhale hI nabha meM ho, kiMtu donoM sthAnoM para eka hI AkAza-dravya hone se AkAza ke pakSadharmatva ho jAne se jala ke candra se AkAza ke caMdra kI siddhi ho jAtI hai, ata:, jala-caMdrarUpa hetu AkAza-candra kA gamaka bana jAtA hai, isalie hetu-lakSaNa meM pakSadharmatva mAnanA yuktisaMgata hai| jaina - isakI samAlocanA karate hue ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki jaba Apa jala-caMdra aura nabha-caMdra- donoM meM eka hI AkAza-dravya meM sthita hone ke AkAza-kAraNa ke pakSadharmatva ko svIkAra karate haiM, to phira rasoIghara kI pRthvI aura parvatIya-pRthvI meM rahA huA AkAzarUpa dharmI bhI eka hI honA cAhie, ataH, yahA~ bhI AkAza kI pakSadharmatA ko svIkAra karake rasoIghara ke dhue~ se parvatIya-agni kI siddhi kyoM nahIM ho jAtI hai? arthAt avazya ho jAnA caahie| jisa prakAra Apa AkAza meM pakSadharmatA ko svIkAra karate haiM, usI prakAra parvatIya-pRthvI meM bhI pakSadharmatA ko svIkAra kara lenA caahie| yadi Apa AkAza meM pakSadharmatA mAnate haiM, to phira parvatIya-agni kI siddhi meM pRthvI kI pakSadharmatA kyoM nahIM mAnate haiM ? jabaki sAdhya ko siddha karane meM, donoM meM pakSadharmatA samAna rUpa se hai| punaH, 462 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 420 463 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 420
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________________ 312 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ratnaprabhasari kahate haiM ki cAhe pRthvI-dravya eka ho, yA AkAza-dravya eka ho, kiMtu donoM udAharaNoM meM ve dUra-dUra sthita haiM, arthAt rasoIghara ke dhue~ se parvatIya-agni dUra hai tathA jalacaMdra se AkAzacaMdra bhI dUra hai, aba, jahA~ dhuA~ hogA, vahIM Aga hogii| rasoIghara ke dhue~ se rasoIghara kI Aga kI siddhi hogI aura parvata ke dhue~ se parvata kI Aga kI siddhi hogii| AkAza meM rahe hue caMdra se AkAza-caMdra kI hI siddhi hogI aura jala meM rahe hue caMdra se jala-caMdra kI siddhi hogii| jala ke caMdra se nabha-caMdra kI siddhi nahIM hogii| jisa prakAra rasoIghara aura parvata ke bIca kSetra kI dUrI hai, isI prakAra jala aura mabha meM bhI kSetragata dUrI hai, ataH, ina udAharaNoM se hetu-lakSaNa meM pakSadharmatA kI anivAryatA siddha nahIM hotI hai, isalie hama jainoM kA yaha kathana ucita hai ki nizcita-anyathAnupapatti hI hetu kA ekamAtra nirdoSa lakSaNa hai| isI se avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha yA vyApti-saMbaMdha nizcita ho jAtA hai| Apa bauddhoM kA pakSadharmatA nAmaka hetu kA lakSaNa doSayukta hone se samucita nahIM hai| bauddha - apane pakSa kI siddhi hetu bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki sirpha pakSadharmatA hI anumAna meM sAdhya kI siddhi meM sAdhaka hotI hai, athavA sAdhya kI siddhi kA kAraNa hai- aisA bhI nahIM hai, apitu pakSadharmatA hote hae bhI hetu aura sAdhya meM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva bhI honA caahie| punaH, yaha kArya-kAraNa-bhAva bhI vicitra-vicitra prakAra kA hotA hai, jaise- jahA~ agnirUpa kAraNa samIpa pradeza meM hI dhUmAtmaka kArya ko utpanna karane meM samartha hotA hai, vahIM AkAza meM rahA huA caMdra to dUrastha deza meM bhI jala-caMdrAtmaka kArya ko utpanna karane meM samartha hotA hai, isalie rasoIghara ke dhue~ meM aura parvatIya-agni ke madhya eka AkAzarUpa pakSadharmatA hote hue bhI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki rasoIghara kA dhuA~ parvata kI agni kA jJAna nahIM karA sakatA hai, kintu jala-caMdra aura nabha-caMdra ke madhya pakSadharmatA bhI hai aura sAtha hI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva bhI hai, ataH, vaha sAdhya kI siddhi meM gamaka bana sakatA hai|485 jaina - isake uttara meM ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki yadi Apa bauddha-dArzanika kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ko mAnate haiM, to yaha kArya-kAraNa-bhAva bhI to vicitra-vicitra prakAra kA hotA hai| isakA tAtparya to yahI hotA hai 404 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 420, 421 465 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 421, 422
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 313 ki dhUmAtmaka kArya usI deza meM agni ke sAtha meM anyathAnupapatti vAlA hai aura jala-caMdra cAhe AkAza ke caMdra se dUra ho, phira bhI AkAza-caMdra ke sAtha anyathAnupapatti vAlA hai| isa prakAra, donoM meM hI 'nizcitAnyathAnupapatti kA nirNaya ho jAne se sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAtI hai| jala-caMdra aura nabha-caMdra ke madhya kSetragata dUrI ke lie AkAza kI pakSa-dharmatA ko mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai, ataH, hetu kA lakSaNa to nizcita-anyathAnupapatti hI hotA hai| isa prakAra, jaina kahate haiM ki bauddha evaM nyAya-dArzanikoM dvArA pakSadharmatA ko hetu kA lakSaNa mAnanA nirarthaka hai| bauddhoM ne pakSadharmatva ke atirikta sapakSasatva aura vipakSaasatva- aise hetu ke do lakSaNa aura mAneM haiN| ina lakSaNoM kI nirarthakatA batAte hue jaina-dArzanika kahate haiM ki hamane nizcita-anyathAnupapatti vAlA hetu kA jo lakSaNa batAyA hai, vaha sArvadezika aura trikAlika hai, isalie vaha sapakSa meM bhI lAgU hotA hai| bauddha-dArzanika jaba 'sarva kSaNikam satvAt- aisA sat-rUpa hetu ke AdhAra para jo anumAna karate haiM, to unakA yaha anumAna bhI anyathAnupapattirUpa hI to hai| cUMki sarva zabda kA prayoga karane para sarva ko pakSa hone ke kAraNa usake atirikta yA usase bhinna koI anya sapakSa nahIM ho sakatA, isalie sapakSasatva aura vipakSa-asatvarUpa dRSTAMta kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI hai| sarvaM kSaNikam satvAt- isa anumAna meM sapakSasatva aura vipakSaasatva-lakSaNa kI kahA~ siddhi hotI hai, ataH, Apa bauddhoM ko sapakSasatva nAmaka hetu-lakSaNa kA tyAga karake nizcita-anyathAnupapatti- aisA ekamAtra hetu-lakSaNa svIkAra kara lenA caahie| bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki jo sAdhya dharmavAlA hotA hai, vahI sapakSa kahalAtA hai| isa para, jaina-dArzanika kahate haiM ki yadi Apake anusAra sapakSa aura pakSa- ina donoM se koI virodha nahIM hai, to phira jisa prakAra pakSadharmatva-lakSaNa nirarthaka siddha hotA hai, usI prakAra sapakSasatva-lakSaNa bhI nirarthaka hI siddha hogA, kyoMki jo sAdhya dharma pakSa meM hai, vahI sAdhya-dharma sapakSa meM bhI hai| sapakSa meM bhI hetu kA sadbhAva hotA hai aura vipakSa meM hetu kA abhAva hotA hai, isI prakAra pakSa meM bhI hetu kA 466 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 422 467 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 424
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________________ 314 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA sadbhAva hotA hai, ataH, Apake sapakSa aura pakSa meM koI antara nahIM rahatA hai, isalie hetu ke sandarbha meM sapakSasatva- yaha lakSaNa bhI Avazyaka pratIta nahIM hotA hai| nizcita-anyathAnupapatti hI hetu kA mAtra eka aisA lakSaNa hai, jisameM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva aura vipakSaasatva- ye tInoM hetu-lakSaNa samAhita ho jAte haiM, ataH, pRthaka se ina tIna lakSaNoM kA mAnanA Avazyaka nahIM hai| vastutaH, bauddhoM ke anusAra hetu ke tIna lakSaNa aura naiyAyikoM ke anusAra pA~ca lakSaNa nizcitaanyathAnupapattirUpa eka hI lakSaNa ke vistAramAtra haiM, ataH, ina lakSaNoM kI upayogitA nahIM raha jAtI hai| ekamAtra nizcita-anyathAnupapattirUpa lakSaNa ko svIkAra karane para sabhI samasyAe~ hala ho jAtI haiN| upasaMhAra - bhAratIya-darzana meM anumAna ke pA~ca aMga mAne jAte haiM- 1. sAdhya 2. hetu 3. dRSTAMta 4. upanaya 5. nigmn| anumAna ke ina pA~ca aMgoM meM sabase pramukha aMga hetu ko mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH, sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie hetu hI sabase mahatvapUrNa aMga hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, parvata para agni ko siddha karane ke lie yaha kahA jAtA hai ki parvata para dhuA~ hai| dhUma ke hone para hI agni kI siddhi saMbhava hai, ataH, isa udAharaNa meM parvata pakSa hai, agni sAdhya hai aura dhuA~ hetu hai| prAyaH, sabhI bhAratIya-dArzanika anumAna ke lie hetu kI upalabdhi Avazyaka mAnate haiM, kintu usa hetu kA svarUpa yA lakSaNa kyA hai, isako lekara bhAratIya-darzana meM vivAda dekhA jAtA hai| nyAya-darzana hetu ke pA~ca lakSaNa mAnatA hai| usake anusAra, hetu ke pA~ca lakSaNa nimna haiM- 1. pakSa-dharmatva 2. sapakSasatva 3. vipakSAsatva 4. asat-pratipakSatva aura 5. abaadhit-vissytv| naiyAyikoM ke viruddha bauddha-dArzanika hetu ko trairUpya-lakSaNa vAlA mAnate haiN| bauddha-dArzanikoM ke anusAra, hetu meM pakSadharmatva, sapakSatatva aura vipakSAsatva- ye tIna lakSaNa hI Avazyaka haiN| vaizeSika-darzana aura sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI hetu ke inhIM tIna lakSaNoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha bAta vivAdAspada hI hai ki trairUpya hetu kI avadhAraNA sarvaprathama kisane prastuta kI ? svairavAtskI ke anusAra, vaizeSikoM kI apekSA bauddhoM ke trairUpya lakSaNa kI kalpanA prAcIna hai, jabaki isake viruddha paM. sukhalAla saMghavI kA kahanA hai ki trairUpya lakSaNa kA pratipAdana vaizeSikoM ne hI kiyA thA, phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki 468 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 424
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA hetu ke trairUpya lakSaNa kI prasiddhi mukhyataH bauddhoM ke saMdarbha meM hI hai / naiyAyikoM ke pa~carUpa hetu bauddhoM ke trairUpya hetu ke viruddha jainoM ne hetu kA eka hI lakSaNa mAnA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra, anyathAnupapatti hI hetu kA ekamAtra lakSaNa hai| jaina darzana meM sarvaprathama siddhasena ne apane jaina- - nyAya ke prathama graMtha nyAyAvatAra meM anyathAnupapatti ko hI hetu kA lakSaNa batAyA hai| jainoM ne apane anyathAnupapattirUpa hetu kI siddhi ke lie bauddhoM ke trairUpya lakSaNa kA khaMDana kiyA hai| sarvaprathama jaina- dArzanika pAtrasvAmI ne bauddhoM ke trairUpya lakSaNa hetu ke khaMDana ke lie trilakSaNakadarzana nAmaka eka svataMtra graMtha hI likhA thA / yadyapi yaha graMtha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu aisA lagatA hai ki unake paravartI jaina-nyAya ke AcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM usI grantha kA AdhAra lekara bauddhoM ke trairUpya lakSaNa kA khaMDana kiyA hogA / jaina-darzana meM hetu ko anyathAnupapanna - lakSaNa vAlA batAne kI paraMparA atyanta prAcIna hai / jaisA hamane pUrva meM ullekha kiyA, yaha paraMparA siddhasena divAkara ke nyAyAvatAra se prAraMbha hotI hai| usake pazcAt, akalaMka, vidyAnaMda, kumAranaMdI, mANikyanaMdI, vAdidevasUri Adi ne bhI isI kA anusaraNa kiyaa| hamAre samIkSya graMtha ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bhI ratnaprabhasUri ne vistAra se bauddhoM ke trairUpya hetu-lakSaNa kI samIkSA kI hai, kintu isa samIkSA ke pUrva bauddhoM ke trairUpya hetu - lakSaNa kA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai| bauddhadarzana meM hetu kI vairUpyatA kA sarvaprathama pratipAdana diGnAga ne nyAya- praveza meM kiyA hai / diGnAga apanI racanA nyAya - praveza meM likhate haiM ki hetu trirUpa lakSaNa vAlA hotA hai| hetu ke trairUpya lakSaNa kaunase haiM, isako spaSTa karate hue ve punaH likhate haiM ki pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva, vipakSAsatva- ye hI hetu ke tIna lakSaNa haiN|' dharmakIrtti ne hetulakSaNa meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki jisakA vizeSa dharma jAnanA iSTa ho, vaha anumeya hI hetu kahA jAtA hai | 170 469 469 dekheM-hetustrirUpaH / kiM punastrairUpyam ? pakSadharmatvaM, sapakSesattvaM vipakSe cAsattvamiti / - nyAyapraveza pR. 1 470 dekheM - anumayo'yaM jijJAsita vizeSo dharmI - nyAyabindu 2/9 315
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA 471 473 nyAyabindu meM ise spaSTa karate hue punaH kahA gayA hai ki sAdhya-dharma kI samAnatA rakhane vAle artha ko sApekSa kahA jAtA hai| sapakSa anumeya hotA hai| isake viruddha, jo sapakSa evaM anumeya nahIM hotA hai, use vipakSa kahA jAtA hai| dharmakIrtti ke anusAra, sapakSa se viruddha yA sapakSa ke abhAva vAlA jo anya hai, vaha vipakSa kahalAtA hai| 1472 dharmakIrtti ke pazcAt dharmottara aura arcaT Adi ne bhI isI mata kI puSTi kii| dharmottara ne dharmakIrti ke nyAya - bindu kI TIkA meM isa saMbaMdha meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne dharmakIrtti ke nyAya - bindu ke dvitIya pariccheda ke sUtra kramAMka 4, 5, 6, aura 7 kI TIkA meM ise spaSTa kiyA hai / yahA~ saMkSepa meM1. pakSadharmatva kA artha hai ki hetu ko pakSa meM upasthita honA cAhie / ' jaise, parvata para agni hai - isa sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie jo dhUma hetu diyA jAtA hai, vaha hetu bhI parvata para upasthita honA cAhie / agara parvata para dhuA~ nahIM hogA, to parvata para agni kI siddhi nahIM hogI, isalie bauddha - dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki jahA~ anumeya kI siddhi kI jAtI hai, vahA~ hetu kI siddhi Avazyaka hai| yadi parvata para agni kI upasthiti ko siddha karanA hai, to usakI siddhi ke lie jo dhUma hetu hai, use bhI parvata para honA cAhie / yadi parvata para dhUma nahIM hogA, to usase parvata para agni kI siddhi nahIM hogI- yahI pakSadharmatva hai| 2. dUsarA hetu sapakSasatva hai| isakA artha hai ki hetu ko sapakSa arthAt sAdhya ke sAtha hI avinAbhAva rUpa se honA caahie| sAdhya ke abhAva meM use na honA cAhie / yadi hetu sapakSa arthAt agni ke atirikta bhI anyatra pAyA jAtA hai, to vaha hetu sapakSa meM na hone ke kAraNa sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM asamartha hotA hai| 474 3. tIsare, 316 - 471 dekheM - sAdhyadharma sAmAnyena samAno'rthaH sapakSaH / 472 dekheM na sapakSo'sapakSaH / - nyAyabindu 2 / 11 nyAyabindu 2 / 10 473 dekheM - evakAreNa pakSaika dezAsiddho nirastaH yathA cetanAstaravaH svApAd iti pakSIkRteSu taruSu patra saMkocalakSaNaH svApa ekadeze na siddhaH / na hi sarve vRkSA rAtrau patra saMkoca bhAjaH kintu ke cideva | nyAyabindu TIkA 2.5, pR. 105 1. pramANamImAMsA, 1.2.9, pR. 39-40 2. tulanIyaM - tasmin eva satyaM nizcitamiti dvitIyaM rUpam / ihApi sattvagrahaNena viruddho nirastaH / sa hi nAsti sapakSe / evakAreNa sAdhAraNAnaikAntikaH / sa hi na sapakSa eva vartate kintubhayatrApi / sattvagrahaNAt pUrvAvadhAraNa vacanena sapakSAvyApisattAkasyApi prayatnAnantarIya kasya hetutvaM kazcitam / pazcAd avadhAraNe tvayamarthaH syAt sapakSe sattvameva yasya sa heturiti prayatnAnantarIyakatvaM na hetuH syAt nizcitavacanena sandigdhAncayo'naikAntiko nirastaH / yathA sarvajJaH kazcid vaktRtvAt / vaktRtvaM hi sapakSe sarvajJe sandigdham / 474 dekheM - - dharmottara, nyAyabindu TIkA 2.5, pR. 107 --
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 317 hetu kA vipakSa meM abhAva honA caahie| yadi hetu vipakSa meM bhI upasthita rahatA hai, to vaha hetu sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM asamartha hai| yadi dhUma nAmaka hetu agni ke sAtha-sAtha tAlAba meM bhI pAyA jAe, to vaha agni kI siddhi karane meM samartha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai|"5 bauddha-mata meM jo hetu ke trairUpya lakSaNa batAe gae haiM, ve vastutaH asiddha, viruddha aura anekAntika-hettvabhAsa ke nirAkaraNa ke lie Avazyaka mAne jAte haiN| isI dRSTi se, bauddhoM ne hetu ko trairupya lakSaNa vAlA batAyA thA, vaise jainoM ke hetu ke 'anyathA-anupapatti nAmaka lakSaNa se unakA koI virodha nahIM hai| 475 dekheM - 1. pramANamImAMsA 1.2.9, pR. 40 2. tulanIyaM - tasmin asattvameva nizcitaM tRtIyaM ruupm| tatrAsattvagrahaNeNa virUddhasya nirAsaH / virUddho hi vipksse'sti| evakAreNa sAdhAraNasya vipakSakadezavRtternirAsaH / prayatnAnantarIyakatve sAdhye hyanityatvaM vipakSaikadeze vidyudAdau asti| AkAzAdau naasti| tato niyamenAsya nirAsaH / asattvazabdAd hi pUrvasmin avadhAraNe'yamartha: syAtvipakSa eva yo nAsti sa hetuH / tathA ca prayatnAnantarIyakatvaM sapekSa'pi sarvatra naasti| tato na hetu: syaat| tataH pUrva na kR tm| nizcitagrahaNena sandigdhavipakSa vyAvRttiko'naikAntiko nirstH|| - dharmottara, nyAyavindu TIkA 2.5. pR. 108-109 476 dekheM - bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, pR. 222
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________________ 318 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya-12 anumAna meM pakSa kI AvazyakatA ke saMbaMdha meM bauddhamata kI samIkSA jainoM dvArA prastuta bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - jJAtavya hai ki anumAna meM jahA~ bauddha pakSa ko anAvazyaka mAnate haiM, vahIM jaina 'pakSa ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| jaina-dArzanikoM ke anusAra, dhue~ se agni kI siddhi ke lie parvata yA rasoIghara kA honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| isa saMbaMdha meM jaina sarvaprathama yaha prazna uThAte haiM ki dharmI kA jJAna kaise hotA hai? jaina-dArzanikoM kA mAnanA hai ki jJAna hetu sarvaprathama to jijJAsA kA honA Avazyaka hai| dharmI ke jJAna-saMbaMdha meM jainoM kA kahanA hai ki dharmI kA jJAna kabhI vikalpa se hotA hai, kabhI pramANa se hotA hai tathA kabhI vikalpa aura pramANa-ubhaya se hotA hai| yahA~ sarvaprathama yaha batAte haiM ki vikalpa kyA hai ? vikalpa mAtra mana kA adhyavasAya yA mAnasika-saMkalpanA hai| vikalpa meM padArtha ke nahIM hone para bhI padArtha kI mAnasika-kalpanA karake usakA prastutikaraNa kiyA jAtA hai, yahI vikalpa hai| jaba hama yaha anumAna karate haiM ki 'parvato vahnimAn dhUmAt, to isameM parvatarUpI dharmI cAkSuSAdi pratyakSa se grAhya hotA hai, arthAt parvata cakSu Adi se pratyakSa kA viSaya banatA hai| isa prakAra, yahA~ pramANa se dharmI (parvata) kI siddhi hotI hai, kintu jaba parvatarUpI dharmI cakSu Adi se pratyakSa pramANa kA viSaya nahIM banatA hai, taba mAnasika-kalpanA se bhI sAdhya kI siddhi karane ke lie pakSa ko prastuta karanA hI par3atA hai, ataH, vaha pakSa vikalpa se prasiddha dharmI kahalAtA hai, yathA- kisI anumAna ke dvArA sarvajJa puruSa kA astitva siddha kiyA jAtA hai| yadyapi pratyakSa meM sarvajJa-puruSa nahIM hai, phira bhI mAnasika-kalpanA (vikalpa) se sarvajJa ko siddha kiyA jAtA hai|" 477 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 431
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA ratnaprabhasUra dvArA prastuta bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa aura usakI samIkSA granthakAra jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri pakSa (dharmI) kI siddhi ko dRSTAMta dvArA nimna tIna prakAra se samajhAte haiM 478 1. sarvaprathama pakSa (dharmI) kA jJAna vikalpa se hotA hai, jaise 'isa saMsAra meM samasta vastuoM ko jAnane vAle kisI sarvajJa puruSa kA astitva hai|' isa anumAna meM 'samasta' hetu ke prayoga se sarvajJa ke 'astitva ko siddha karanA hai, kiMtu varttamAna meM sarvajJa ke astitva kI siddhi cAkSuSa - jJAna kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatI hai, isalie mAtra vikalpa (mAnasika - kalpanA) se hI sarvajJa kI siddhi saMbhava ho sakatI hai| jisa samaya dhUma hetu kA prayoga karate samaya agni sAdhyamAn hone se bhale hI vaha agni cAhe cakSu kA viSaya na bane, arthAt pratyakSa pramANa se agni siddha na ho, kiMtu phira bhI jisameM agni ko siddha karanA hai tathA jisameM dhUma ko dekhA hai, vaha parvata (dharmI) to pratyakSarUpa se siddha hI hai, kintu sarvajJa kI siddhi meM aisA saMbhava na hone se, sarvajJa kI siddhi mAtra vikalpa se hI hotI hai, pratyakSa, Agama Adi kisI bhI anya pramANa se sarvajJa kI siddhi saMbhava nahIM hai| 179 dUsare prakAra se, dharmI kA jJAna pratyakSa pramANa se hotA hai, yathAyaha parvata kA zikhara (pakSa) agni vAlA hai, kyoMki vahA~ dhUma dikhAI de rahA hai / isa anumAna meM 'parvata' nAma kA jo dharmI (pakSa) hai, vaha cAkSuSa - pratyakSa se grAhya hone se yahA~ vikalpa (kalpanA) kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| 80 478 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 431 479 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 432 480 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 432 319 - isI prakAra anya tIsare anumAna meM 'dharmI (pakSa) kA jJAna pratyakSa aura vikalpa - ubhaya se hotA hai / vaktA ke dvArA uccArita zabda zrotA ke dvArA zravaNIya hone se zrotA saMbaMdhI jJAna pratyakSa pramANa se hotA hai, kiMtu jina zabdoM ko bhUtakAla meM bolA jA cukA hai tathA jo zabda dUra vyavadhAna vAle sthAna meM varttamAna meM bole jA rahe haiM, ve zabda hamAre lie zrotra grAhya nahIM hone ke kAraNa ve zabda pratyakSa Adi pramANa se bodhaka na hone se vikalpa - mAtra se hI bodhaka bana sakate haiM, ataeva zrUyamAna zabda pratyakSa pramANa se aura zeSa zabda vikalpa se jAne jAte haiM, arthAt zabdarUpa dharmI (pakSa) kA jJAna aMzataH vikalpa se aura aMzataH pratyakSa pramANa se aise ubhaya
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________________ 320 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA se hotA hai| isa prakAra, dharmI (pakSa) kA jJAna 1. vikalpa se 2 pratyakSa pramANa se aura 3. ubhaya se- aise tInoM prakAroM se hotA hai| bauddha - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri dvArA dharmI (pakSa) ke jJAna ke saMbaMdha meM uparyukta tIna prakAroM kA ullekha kie jAne para bauddha-dArzanika yaha prazna utpanna karate haiM ki mAtra vikalpa se dharmI kI siddhi saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi vikalpa arthAt mAnasika-saMkalpanA se hI dharmI kI siddhi hotI ho, to phira mAnasika-saMkalpanA (vikalpa) mAtra se kisI bhI padArtha kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| parIkSaka vyakti ko kisI bhI padArtha kI siddhi ke lie kisI bhI pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3egI, mAnasika-kalpanAmAtra se sabakI siddhi ho jaaegii|482 punaH, bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki dUsare, yadi Apa pakSa kI siddhi pramANamUlaka mAnate haiM, to yaha bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai, kyoMki Apane pakSa kI siddhi meM eka tarapha to vikalpa (kalpanA) ko pahalA prakAra aura pramANa ko dUsarA prakAra batAyA hai, arthAt donoM ko bhinna-bhinna batAyA hai, to vahIM dUsarI tarapha Apane vikalpa ko pramANayukta batA diyA, lekina yaha kathana to virodhAbhAsapUrNa lagatA hai| isI prakAra, dharmI (pakSa) ko vikalpa evaM pramANa- ina donoM se siddha batAnA bhI virodhAbhAsapUrNa hai, yA to vikalpa ko bhI pramANa-siddha dharmI (pakSa) nAmaka dUsare prakAra ke aMtargata hI mAnanA hogA, bhinna mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahegI, kyoMki vikalpa yA to pramANarUpa hogA yA aprmaannruup| yadi use apramANarUpa mAneMge, to vaha nirarthaka hogaa|183 jaina - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke ina tarkoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki bauddha-dArzanika svayaM hI to vikalpasiddha dharmI (pakSa) ko svIkAra karate haiM, to phira hamAre dvArA pratisthApita vikalpasiddha dharmI (pakSa) ke siddhAMta kA khaMDana kyoM karate haiM ? yadi Apa vikalpasiddha dharmI (pakSa) kA niSedha kareMge, to phira anumAna hI kaise kara pAe~ge ? kyoMki Apa jo anumAna karate ho, usameM vikalpasiddha dharmI kA niSedha karane ke lie Apako vikalpasiddha dharma ko hI pakSa banAnA pdd'egaa|484 481 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 432 482 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 433 483 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 433 484 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri pa 427 :
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________________ 321 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jaina kahate haiM ki yadi kadAcit Apa bauddha-dArzanika 'vikalpasiddha dharmI nahIM haiM- aisA siddha karane ke lie bhI anumAna karate haiM, to usa anumAna meM. usako pakSa-rUpa meM chor3a nahIM sakate aura yadi chor3ate haiM, to usakA khaMDana kaise karate haiM ?105 punaH, yadi bauddha yaha kahate haiM ki hama bauddha to vikalpasiddha dharmI ko mAnate to nahIM haiM, kiMtu jainoM dvArA mAnya hone se usakA khaNDana karate haiN|188 jaina - isa para, jaina-dArzanika kahate haiM ki dharmI (pakSa) meM dharma (sAdhya) kI siddhi anumAna se hI to hotI hai| isake pratyuttara meM, bauddha yaha kaha sakate haiM ki dharmI (pakSa) to pratyakSa kA viSaya hotA hai, parvata aura dhUmadonoM dikhAI deMge, to hI parvata para agni kI siddhi hogI, ataH, pakSa ko to pratyakSa se hI mAnanA pdd'egaa| yadi pakSa (parvata) ko vikalpa (kalpanA) se mAneMge, to phira pUrA anumAna hI kAlpanika ho jaaegaa| jainoM kA kahanA hai ki yadi Apa bauddha dharmI (pakSa) ko vikalpasiddha mAnate haiM, to hamArA khaNDana kaise karate haiM? aura yadi Apa bauddha-dArzanika yaha kahate haiM ki dharmI (pakSa) vikalpasiddha nahIM hai, to phira sarvajJa ko anumAna se kaise siddha kareMge ? cAhe jagat meM sarvajJa hoM yA na hoM, cAhe usakA vidhAna karanA ho yA niSedha karanA ho- donoM meM vikalpamAtra se dharmI (pakSa) kI kalpanA karake hI usake vidhi-niSedha ke lie anumAna hogaa| yadi sarvajJa kI siddhi yA khaNDana karanA ho, kintu sarvajJa kA astitva yA nAstitva pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama-- ina tInoM pramANoM meM kisI se bhI siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai, usako vikalpa (mAnasika-kalpanA) se hI mAnanA hogaa| sarvajJa kA astitva yA nAstitva, kucha bhI pratyakSAdi pramANoM se siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai, isalie yaha mAnanA hogA ki sarvajJa vikalpasiddha dharmI hai|87 isake viparIta, pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama Adi kisI bhI anya pramANa se, jisake astitva yA nAstitva kA nizcaya ho gayA ho, vaha pramANasiddha dharmI kahalAtA hai, jaise- 'yaha parvata vahnimAna hai| 486 485 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 434 486 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 434 437 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 434 188 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 434
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________________ 322 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA zabda anitya haiM- isa anumAna meM dharmI zabda ubhayasiddha hai, kyoMki vartamAnakAlIna zabda zrotra grAhya hone se pratyakSa pramANa se siddha haiM tathA bhUta evaM bhaviSya ke zabda avidyamAna hone se vikalpasiddha haiM, isalie anitya-zabda ubhayasiddha dharmI kahalAtA hai| isa prakAra, se, svArthAnumAna meM dharmI vikalpasiddha, pramANasiddha aura ubhayasiddha- ina tInoM meM se kisI bhI prakAra kA ho sakatA hai, yaha jaina-darzana kI mAnyatA hI nyAyasaMgata hai| jaina - svArthAnumAna ke pratipAdana ke pazcAt aba granthakAra parArthAnumAna kA pratipAdana karate hue kahate haiM ki pakSa aura hetu vAle vacana ko parArthAnumAna kahate haiN| pakSa aura hetu se zrotA ko kisa prakAra se bodha hotA hai, use spaSTa karate hue granthakAra jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki zrotA tIna prakAra ke hote haiM- 1. ativyutpannamati vAle (ati-buddhimAna) 2. vyutpannamati vAle (buddhimAna) aura 3. mandamati vaale| ina tInoM prakAra ke zrotAoM ke AdhAra para bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI anumAna kI prakriyA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai- 1. ativyutpannamati vAle zrotA ko to mAtra 'yahA~ dhUma dikhAI de rahA hai, vaktA ke mAtra isa hetu-vacana se hI parArthAnumAna ho jAtA hai, use dRSTAnta Adi ke kathana kI AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI hai, kyoMki vaha ati buddhimAn hai, usako yaha batAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI ki jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai| vaha to mAtra hetu (dhUma) ke kathana se hI agni kA anumAna lagA letA hai| usake lie pakSa aura dRSTAnta ke kathana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai, kintu saMsAra meM ativyutpannamati vAle vyakti bahuta kama hote haiN| dUsare prakAra ke vyutpannamati vAle zrotAoM ke lie pakSa aura hetu- ina donoM se yukta kathana hI parArthAnumAna ke lie Avazyaka hotA hai, kintu tIsare prakAra ke mandamati vAle zrotAoM ke lie pakSa, heta, dRSTAntAdi pA~coM avayava parArthAnumAna ke lie Avazyaka hote haiM, arthAt pakSa, hetu, dRSTAMta, upanaya aura nigamana- ina pA~coM avayavoM dvArA dhUmavAn parvata para agni kA jJAna hotA hai| jaina -- yahA~ granthakAra ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra DaMDe ke madhya bhAga ko pakar3a lene se usake donoM siroM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra ativyutpannamati vAle zrotA ke lie to mAtra nizcitAnyathAnupapatti nAmaka ekamAtra hetu-lakSaNa hI paryApta hotA hai, kiMta mandamati vAle vyaktiyoM ko sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie pA~coM avayavoM kA 489 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 435
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jJAna karAnA hotA hai, ataH, ise yahA~ para upAcAra se samajha lenA cAhie | 100 490 bauddha yahA~ para bauddha - dArzanika yaha prazna karate haiM ki 'pakSa aura hetu ko batAne vAlA vacana parArthAnumAna hotA hai- aisA jo nirUpaNa Apa jainoM ne kiyA hai, to vaha vacana to Apake anusAra bhASA - vargaNA ke pudgalarUpa hone se jar3a yA acetana hotA hai, jabaki jo sva-para-vyavasAyAtmaka - jJAna hotA hai, vaha cetanAtmaka hai, ataH, ApakA jo vacana - vyavahAra hai, vaha pramANa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? ataH, pakSa aura hetu ko batAne vAlA vacana- vyavahAra pramANarUpa na hone se ApakA parArthAnumAna kA lakSaNa bhI pramANa kaise ho sakatA hai ?491 - - jaina isake uttara meM, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki usa vacana - vyApAra ko bhI upacAra se to pramANa kaha sakate haiN| pakSa aura hetu ko batAne vAle lakSaNa cAhe jar3arUpa hoM, kiMtu phira bhI unase zrotA ke hRdaya meM utpanna hone vAlA jJAna cetanAtmaka hone se vaha pramANarUpa hotA hai| pakSa - heturUpa ye vacana kAraNarUpa hote haiM aura unase utpanna hone vAlA bodha kAryarUpa hotA hai aura vaha cetana hotA hai, isalie kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake vacana - vyApAra ko bhI pramANarUpa kaha sakate haiN| jisa prakAra vaktA ke hRdaya meM rahA huA svArthAnumAnarUpa jJAna pramANarUpa hotA hai, usI prakAra pakSa - hetu Adi pA~coM vacanarUpa avayavoM se zrotA ke hRdaya meM utpanna hone vAlA jJAna bhI pramANarUpa hotA hai, kyoMki vaha jJAna bhI una zabdoM kA kArya hotA hai| kArya meM kAraNa kA upacAra hotA hai| isa prakAra se, zrotA ( pratipAdya) ke Azraya se 'kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra hotA hai aura vaktA ( pratipAdaka ) ke Azraya se 'kArya meM kAraNa kA upacAra hotA hai- isa prakAra, donoM apekSAoM se jar3Atmaka zabda - vyavahAra bhI upacAra se parArthAnumAnarUpa pramANa kahalAtA hai| 182 - 492 bauddha aba bauddha - dArzanika parArthAnumAna meM pakSa kI AvazyakatA ke virodha meM apanA tarka prastuta karate hue jainoM se kahate haiM ki parArthAnumAna meM, arthAt dUsaroM ke lie jo anumAna kiyA jAtA hai, usameM pA~coM avayavoM meM se prathama avayava pakSa ke prayoga karane kI koI AvazyakatA --- 323 490 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 436 491 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 436 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 436 492
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________________ 324 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA nahIM hai| sAdhya kI siddhi to mAtra vyApti-saMbaMdha, hetu kI pakSadharmatA aura upanaya dvArA ho jAtI hai| 93 jaina - isake uttara meM, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-mata kA khaMDana karate hue kahate haiM ki jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI haiaisI vyApti karate hue jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hai, to isa dhUma nAmaka hetu kA koI na koI AdhAra to cAhie, kyoMki sAmAnya rUpa se vyApti kA jJAna hone para bhI antataH to hamako yaha to batAnA hI par3egA ki hetu kA AdhArarUpa dhuA~ kahA~ hai ? kyA vaha dhuA~ rasoIghara meM hai, yA caurAhe para hai ? yA parvata para hai ? yaha to batAnA hI hogA, anyathA sthAna-vizeSa kA bodha to hogA hI nahIM aura usake abhAva meM sAdhya kI siddhi kisa sthAna para kI jAegI ? jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~, vahA~-vahA~ agniisa vyAptirUpI sAmAnya ke kathana ke sAtha meM hameM sthAna-vizeSa kA bhI kathana to karanA hI par3egA ki dhuA~ kahA~ para hai ? dhuA~ kisa sthAna para hai, yaha batAne ke lie sthAna-vizeSa kA kathana to karanA hI par3egA ki dhUma 'parvata' para hai, ataH, pakSa kA prayoga to avazyaMbhAvI hogaa| Apa bauddha jisa prakAra pakSa-dharmatArUpa upasaMhArAtmaka-vacana mAnate haiM, usI prakAra sAdhya kI siddhi hetu parArthAnumAna arthAt kisI dUsare vyakti ko sAdhya kI siddhi karAte samaya 'pakSa' kA prayoga bhI avazya hI karanA caahie| bauddha - bauddha-dArzanikoM kI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki jaba hama aisI vyApti karate haiM ki jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hai, to hameM isa vyApti-jJAna se hI dhUma ke sAtha agni ke avinAbhAva-sambandha kA nizcaya ho jAtA hai, sAtha hI yaha bhI nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki yaha dhuoM kisI sthAna vizeSa parvata Adi para hI hai, anyatra nahIM hai| isa prakAra, hetu viziSTadharmI (pakSa-parvata) kA bodha apane-Apa hI ho jAtA hai, ataH, yahA~ parvata para Aga hai- aisA pakSAtmaka-kathana karanA koI jarUrI nahIM hotA hai, sAmAnya meM hI vizeSa kA upasaMhAra ho jAtA hai, ata:, hama bauddhoM kA maMtavya hai ki parArthAnumAna meM pakSa kA prayoga karane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai|405 493 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 437 494 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 437 495 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 437
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 325 - jaina - isake uttara meM, jaina-dArzanika kahate haiM ki jaba hama vyApti (jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hai) karate haiM, to usase hetu aura sAdhya meM avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha kA bodha karate haiM, jo sAmAnya jJAnarUpa hI hotA hai, ataH, kisI sthAna vizeSa para sAdhya kI siddhi karate samaya atra arthAt parvata para aise pakSa kA prayoga to karanA hI par3atA hai, arthAt yaha batAnA hotA hai ki vaha agni parvata (pakSa) para hI hai, anyatra nahIM hai, arthAt rasoIghara meM athavA caurAhe para nahIM hai| uparyukta sampUrNa kathana kA phalitArtha to yaha hotA hai- 1. vyApti grahaNa ke samaya meM dhUma kA AdhAra sAmAnya batAte haiM, jabaki anumAna meM pakSa ke prayoga dvArA usakA AdhAra. vizeSa batAyA jAtA hai| 2. upasaMhAra ke samaya meM to AdhAra ke vizeSa hone kA 'atra' zabda dvArA sUcana to Apa bhI karate hI haiN| 1. vyApti grahaNa ke samaya meM agni kA sAmAnya AdhAra batAyA jAtA hai| 2. parArthAnumAna ke samaya agni kA viziSTa AdhAra batAne ke lie 'atra' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| vaha 'atra zabda pakSa kA sUcaka hotA hai, ataH, usakA prayoga avazya karanA caahie|" bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki tIna prakAra ke hetu ke antargata hI pakSa kA prayoga ho jAtA hai| ve tIna prakAra ke hetu nimna haiM- 1. kArya hetu 2. svabhAva-hetu aura 3. anupalabdhi (abhAva) hetu| 1. heturUpa jo padArtha hotA hai, vaha sAdhya kA kArya hotA hai, arthAt agni meM se hI utpanna hone vAlA dhUma kArya hetu kahalAtA hai, ataH, dhue~ ko dekhakara agni kA anumAna karanA kArya hetu ke AdhAra para anumAna karanA hai, yathA- 'parvato vahnimAna dhUmAt mahAnasavat- yahA~ jo dhUma-hetu hai agni kA kArya hone se use kArya hetu kahate haiN| 2. heturUpa jo dhUma nAmaka padArtha hai, vaha bhI dAhAtmakatA ke samAna hI sAdhya agni kA svabhAva hai, arthAt dhUma aura dAhAtmakatA- ye donoM agni ke svabhAva haiN| isa prakAra, jisakA jo svabhAva hotA hai, vaha svabhAva-hetu kahalAtA hai| 3. jo padArtha hamAre pratyakSIkaraNa kA viSaya haiM, unameM se kisI kA abhAva honA, jaise- isa kamare meM yaha ghaTa nahIM hai, vaha anupalabdhi (abhAva) rUpa hetu kahalAtA hai| 496 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 437, 438 4 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 438 498 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 438, 439
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________________ 326 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ye tInoM prakAra ke hetu tabhI sadahetu banate haiM, jaba ve apane sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM samartha hote haiN| aise hetu sAmarthya vAle hetu bhI kahalAte haiN| asiddhatA, vyabhicAra evaM bAdhita Adi hetvAbhAsoM se rahita jo hetu hote haiM, ve sadhetu aura sAmarthya vAle hetu kahalAte haiM, kintu isake viparIta, asiddhatA, vyabhicAra aura bAdhita ina doSoM se yukta hetu asadhetu yA asamartha hetu kahalAte haiM, kyoMki ye hetu sAdha siddha karane meM asamartha hote haiN| jaba hama kahate haiM ki 'hRdo vahnimAn dhUmavatvAt, arthAt yaha tAlAba agni se yukta hai, kyoMki yaha dhUmayukta hai- isa anumAna meM asiddhatA nAma kA doSa rahA huA hai| 'parvato vahnimAn prameyatvAt'. arthAt parvata agniyukta hai, kyoMki vaha prameya hai- yaha hetu vyabhicAra-doSa se grasita hai, kyoMki parvata agniyukta ho bhI sakatA hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai| 'vahniH anuSNaH dravyatvAt, agni USNa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha dravya hai, yaha anumAna meM bAdhita-doSa se grasita hai, kyoMki dravya-hetu anuSNa bhI ho sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki asiddha, vyabhicArI aura bAdhita Adi hetu-doSoM se rahita hetu hI sadhetu yA sAmarthyavAle hetu kahalAte haiN| jaina - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM kI isa sthApanA kA phalitArtha batAte hue kahate haiM ki ina sabakA tAtparya to 'pakSa se asambaddhatA hI hai, jaise- 'asiddhatA' kA tAtparya bhI yahI hotA hai ki hetu kA pakSa meM nahIM honA, jaise ki zabda kA guNa zrAvya honA hai, kintu yadi yaha kaheM ki zabda kA guNa dekhanA hai, to yaha guNa hetu ke pakSabhUta 'zabda' meM nahIM rahanA hai, ataH, asiddhatA doSa se grasita kahalAtA hai| ina asiddhatAdi doSoM se rahita hetu pakSa meM rahatA hai, isalie anumAna meM pakSa kA prayoga avazya karanA cAhie aura pakSa meM nihita hetu sadhetu yA samartha-hetu hotA hai, jo svataH apanI siddhi kara sakatA hai, ataH, Apa bauddhoM ko hetu ke lie pakSa kI AvazyakatA ko svIkAra kara lenA cAhie, anyathA Apako asamartha hetu ko hI hetu ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA pdd'egaa|500 bauddha - isake uttara meM, bauddha kahate haiM ki asamartha hetu ko samartha hetu kaise kaha sakate haiM ? aura yadi hetu hI sad nahIM hai, to pakSa kahA~ hogA ?501 499 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 439 500 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 439 Sol ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 439
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 327 jaina - isa para, jainoM kA kahanA hai ki Apane jo tIna prakAra ke hetu batAe haiM, ve hetu kisameM rahate haiM ? vastutaH, jahA~ sAdhya kI siddhi karanA ho, vahIM to heta rahegA aura yadi vahA~ nahIM hogA, to vahA~ sAdhya kI siddhi bhI nahIM hogii| dUsare, yadi Apa bauddha-pakSa kI AvazyakatA ko svIkAra nahIM kareMge, to hetu kA vidhAna yA niSedha pakSa ke abhAva meM kisase kareMge ? ataH, tInoM prakAra ke hetuoM meM kaunasA hetu kahA~ sthita hai, isake lie to pakSa batAnA hI par3egA ? pakSa prayoga kie binA, mAtra vivAda (carcA) se hI pakSa spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA hai| 02 punaH, jaina kahate haiM ki yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki pakSa to hetukathana se samajha meM A jAtA hai, to phira isI prakAra hetu ko bhI kathana se hI samajha meM A jAnA caahie| binA hetu ke bhI sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAnA caahie|503 bauddha - isa para, bauddha kahate haiM ki yadyapi yaha ThIka hai ki ati buddhizAlI zrotA ko hetu bhI kathana se hI samajha meM A jAtA hai, use heta ko batAne kI bhI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| hama to hetu kathana bhI maMdamati vAloM ke lie hI karate haiN| jaina - isa carcA ke aMta meM, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra Apa maMdabuddhi vAloM ke lie hetu kA prayoga Avazyaka mAnate haiM, usI prakAra hama bhI pakSa kA prayoga maMdabuddhi vAloM ke lie hI karate haiM, ataH, Apa bauddhoM ko parArthAnumAna meM hetu ke samAna hI pakSa ke prayoga ko bhI avazya svIkAra kara lenA caahie| anumAna meM pakSa kI anAvazyakatA saMbaMdhI bauddha-maMtavya kI samIkSA (a) bhAratIya-darzana meM anumAna ke avayava bhAratIya-darzana meM cArvAka darzana ko chor3akara sabhI darzanoM meM anumAna ko pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnyatayA, nyAya-darzana meM anumAna ke pA~ca avayava yA aMga mAne haiM, ye nimna haiM- 1. pratijJA yA sAdhya 2. hetu 3. dRSTAMta 4. upanaya aura 5. nigamana, kintu jaba 502 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 439 503 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 440 504 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 440 505 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga II, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 440
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________________ 328 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA sAdhya kI siddhi kI jAtI hai, to sAdhya kI siddhi kisI pakSa meM hotI hai| yadyapi hetu kI carcA meM bauddhoM ne bhI pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva aura vipakSa-asatva- aise tIna kAraNa mAneM haiM aura yaha kahA thA ki asiddha, viruddha evaM anekAntika-doSoM kA parihAra karane ke lie yaha trairUpya hetu-lakSaNa Avazyaka haiN| isa prakAra, bauddhadarzana bhI anumAna meM hetu-lakSaNa nirdhAraNa karate hue pakSa ko svIkAra karatA hai, phira bhI unakA yaha mAnanA hai ki pakSa kI AvazyakatA kevala hetu-lakSaNa meM hai, vaha anumAna kA Avazyaka aMga nahIM hogaa| (ba) pakSa kI anAvazyakatA ke saMbaMdha meM bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa anumAna ke pA~ca aMgoM ko lekara bauddha-dArzanikoM meM bhI matabheda dekhA jAtA hai| DaoN. dharmacanda jaina likhate haiM ki bauddhadarzana meM parArthAnumAna ke avayavoM para vicAra karane ke anantara vidita hotA hai ki bauddha-dArzanika nyAyadarzana meM pratipAdita pratijJA, upanaya evaM nigamana kA khaMDana karate haiN| unake mata meM paMcAvayava-paMraparA aMgIkRta nahIM hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki sAmAnyatayA jise pratijJA yA sAdhya kahA jAtA hai, use kucha dArzanikoM ne pakSa bhI mAnA hai| sAmAnyatayA pakSa usako kahate haiM, jisameM sAdhya kI siddhi kI jAtI hai, kintu sAdhya kI siddhi karane vAlA sampUrNa vAkya bhI pakSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| bauddha-dArzanikoM ne padArtha anumAna ke avayavoM kI saMkhyA ke saMbaMdha meM cAra prakAra ke maMtavyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai- prathamataH, diGnAga ne apane grantha nyAya-praveza meM pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAMtaaise tIna aMgoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| yahA~ ve upanaya aura nigamana ko parArthAnumAna kA Avazyaka aMga nahIM mAnate, kyoMki upanaya-hetu vAkya kI punarAvRtti hai aura nigamana pakSa kI hI punarAvRtti hai| nyAyapraveza meM diGnAga likhate haiM ki pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAMta-vacanoM se prAznikoM ko apratIta artha kA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai| 501 bauddha-nyAya ke itihAsa meM diGnAga ke pazcAt dharmakIrti kA krama AtA hai| dharmakIrti ne diGnAga dvArA mAnya tIna avayavoM meM se pakSa ko alaga karake zeSa do avayavoM ko hI Avazyaka mAnA hai| ve nyAyabindu meM likhate haiM ki sAdharmya evaM vaidharmya- donoM prakAra ke anumAna meM pakSa kA nirdeza karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai|508 isakA phalita yaha 506 bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, pR. 273, 274 5 dekheM - pakSa hetu dRSTAnta vacanaihi prAznikAnAmapratIto'rthaH pratipAdyata iti-nyAyapraveza pR. 1 508 dekheM - dvayorapyanayoH prayogayo vizyaM pakSa nirdezaH / -nyAyabindu 3.24
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 329 hai ki dharmakIrti ke anusAra, anumAna meM pratijJA yA pakSa kA ullekha Avazyaka nahIM hai| yadyapi mokSAkara gupta Adi kucha bauddha-dArzanika nyAyadarzana ke paMca avayavoM kA to khaMDana karate haiM, kiMtu ve pakSadharmatA aura vyApti ko parArthAnumAna ke lie Avazyaka mAnate haiN| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bauddhadarzana meM pakSa yA pratijJA ko anumAna kA avayava mAnane ke saMbaMdha meM hI paraspara matabheda haiN| mAtra dharmakIrti hI eka aise vyakti haiM, jo pratijJA yA pakSa ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| mAtra yahI nahIM, dharmakIrti ne to yahA~ taka kahA hai ki viziSTa mati vAle adhikArI ke lie to kevala eka hetu hI anumAna ke lie paryApta hai| isa prakAra, dharmakIrti ne to pakSa yA pratijJA ko anumAna kA avayava mAnane se iMkAra kara diyA thaa| jahA~ taka jaina-dArzanikoM kA prazna hai, unhoMne anumAna ke avayavoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara do, pA~ca aura dasa avayava mAne haiN| dazavaikAlikaniyukti meM ina tInoM prakAra kI mAnyatAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| jaina-dArzanika yaha mAnakara calate haiM ki prabuddha vyaktiyoM ke lie to kevala pratijJA aura hetu- ye do hI avayava anumAna karane ke lie paryApta haiM, phira ve sAmAnya buddhi ke lie nyAyadarzanasammata pAMca aMga mAnate haiM, kintu vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie to unhoMne dasa avayava hI mAne haiN| jaina-darzana meM ina dasa avayavoM kA ullekha do prakAra se milatA hai| prathama prakAra meM- 1. pratijJA, 2. pratijJA-vizuddhi 3. hetu 4. hetu-vizuddhi 5. dRSTAMta 6. dRSTAMta-vizuddhi 7. upanaya 8. upanaya-vizuddhi 9. nigamana 10. nigamana-vizuddhi / anyatra, ve nyAya-bhASya kA anumAna karate hue prakArAntara se nimna dasa aMgoM kA bhI nirdeza karate haiM- 1. pratijJA, 2. pratijJA-vibhakti, 3. hetu, 4. hetu-vibhakti, 5. vipakSa, 6. vipakSa-pratiSedha, 7. dRSTAMta 8. AzaMkA, 9. AzaMkA-pratiSedha aura 10. nigmn| yadyapi jaina-dArzanika siddhasena, akalaMka Adi bhI bauddha-dArzanika dharmakIrti ke samAna hI vyutpannamati ke lie do avayavoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, phira bhI jahA~ bauddha-dArzanika dharmakIrti pakSa ko anumAna kA Avazyaka avayava nahIM mAnate haiM, vahIM jaina-dArzanika pakSa aura hetu- aise do avayavoM ko to avazya hI svIkAra karate haiN| isa prakAra, yaha spaSTa hai ki bauddha-dArzanikoM meM dharmakIrti hI eka aise dArzanika haiM, jo spaSTa rUpa se parArthAnumAna ke avayavoM meM pakSa yA pratijJA ko Avazyaka nahIM mAnate haiN| jaina-dArzanikoM meM 509 dekheM - bauddha pramANa-mImAMsA kI jaina-dRSTi se samIkSA, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina, pR. 275
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA vAdidevasUri ne syAdvAdaratnAkara meM aura ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM dharmakIrti dvArA pakSa ko anumAna kA Avazyaka avayava nahIM mAnane kI avadhAraNA kI vistRta rUpa se samIkSA kI hai| agrima pRSThoM meM hama ratnAkarAvatArikA meM prastuta dharmakIrti ke pakSa ko aura ratnaprabhasUri dvArA usake khaMDana ko vistAra se prastuta kareMge / 330
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 331 331 adhyAya 13 bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda kI samIkSA viSaya-sthApana pramANazAstra meM pramANa ke atirikta prameya, arthAt jJAna ke viSaya aura pramAtA, arthAt jJAtA ke svarUpa kA nirNaya karanA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| jJAna ke viSaya ko lekara jaina-darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki jJAna kA viSaya jJAna se bhinna (padArtha) hai| jisa prakAra naMge paira calate hue vyakti ko tRNa kA sparza-jJAna hotA hai, usI prakAra jJAtA ko jJeya padArthoM kA jJAna hotA hai| isase yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jJeya jJAtA aura jJAna se bhinna hai| isa prakAra, ratnAkarAvatArikA meM jaina-dArzanika AcArya ratnaprabhasUri jJAtA aura jJAna se bhinna jJeya padArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki zUnyavAdI bauddhoM ke anusAra pramAtA aura prameya- donoM kI yathArtha (vastugata) sattA nahIM hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA ke solahaveM sUtra meM pramANa ke lakSaNa meM ullekhita 'para' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hue ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM"jJAnAdanyo'rtha paraH", arthAt jJAna se bhinna padArtha 'para' kahalAte haiN| 'para', arthAt jisake nimitta se jJAtA ke jJAna meM pariNamana hotA hai, arthAt jisameM arthakriyA hotI hai, vaha padArtha 'para' kahalAtA hai aura vaha sacetana yA acetana- donoM prakAra kA ho sakatA hai|10 zUnyavAdI bauddha-darzana kA pUrvapakSa - jaina-darzana meM pramANa kA lakSaNa batAte samaya kahA gayA thA ki jo jJAna 'apanA' aura 'para' kA nizcaya karatA hai, vaha pramANa hai, ataH, yahA~ 'para' se tAtparya bAhyArtha se hai| jJAtavya hai ki jaina-darzana jJAna ko vAstavika mAnatA hai aura jJAna dvArA pratIta hone vAle ghaTa-paTa Adi anya padArthoM kI bhI vAstavika svataMtra sattA svIkAra karatA hai, kintu bauddhoM kA vijJAnavAdI sampradAya bAhyArtha kI svatantra sattA kA niSedha karatA hai, jabaki zUnyavAdI 510 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 77
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________________ 332 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA mAdhyamika-sampradAya ghaTa Adi bAhya-padArthoM ko aura jJAnarUpa Antarika-padArthoM ko mithyA mAnatA hai| zUnyavAdiyoM ke anusAra, yaha samasta jagat prapaMcarUpa arthAt mithyA hai| vAstava meM koI bhI padArtha sat nahIM hai| anAdikAlIna mithyA saMskAra ke kAraNa hameM padArtha kI pratIti hotI hai, ataH, padArtha kI (para kI) traikAlika vAstavika sattA nahIM hai|" yahA~ zUnyavAdI apane pUrvapakSa kI siddhi hetu jaina-dArzanika se yaha prazna karate haiM ki Apa yadi para kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiM, to vaha para (padArtha) kyA hai ? Apa sarvaprathama yaha siddha kareM ki para (padArtha)- 1. aNurUpa hai ? yA 2. sthUlarUpa hai? yA 3. aNu aura sthUlarUpa, arthAt ubhayarUpa hai ? yA 4. anubhayarUpa hai ? zUnyavAdI AcArya ratnaprabhasUri se prazna karate haiM ki Apake siddhAMtAnusAra yadi padArtha aNurUpa hai, to usa padArtha kA jJAna hameM- 1. pratyakSa se hotA hai ? yA 2. anumAna se hotA hai ? yadi Apa yaha tarka dete haiM ki padArtha kA jJAna pratyakSa se hotA hai, to vaha padArtha kA pratyakSa-jJAna- 1. yogaja-pratyakSa se hotA hai ? yA 2. svayaM ke aindrika-pratyakSa se hotA hai ? yadi yogaja-pratyakSa ke AdhAra para yaha mAnate haiM ki padArtha aNurUpa hai, to isakA artha yaha huA ki Apako atIndriya-jJAna se usake aNurUpa hone kA pratyakSa-bodha huA hai, kintu zUnyavAdiyoM kA yaha prazna hai ki isako Apane (jainoM ne) kaise jAnA? ApameM to atIndriya-jJAna nahIM hai| Apa to mAtra zraddhA ke kAraNa aisA kahate haiM ki yogaja-pratyakSa se aNurUpa padArtha kA jJAna hotA hai| yadi Apa yaha kaheM ki svayaM ke pratyakSa se padArtha ke aNurUpa hone kA jJAna hotA hai, kintu yaha bAta to anubhava se hI khaNDita ho jAtI hai, kyoMki aNu kA koI bhI anubhava hotA hI nahIM hai| aNu to itanA sUkSma hotA hai ki hama apanI indriyoM se usakA pratyakSa jJAna kara hI nahIM sakate haiN| Apake (jainoM ke) anusAra bhI paramANu ko kevalI ke atirikta koI bhI nahIM dekha sakatA hai| svapna meM bhI aNu kA pratyakSa jJAna saMbhava nahIM hotA hai| jJAna to isI rUpa meM hotA hai ki yaha staMbha hai yA yaha kuMbha (ghaTa) hai, yA yaha paTa hai Adi, ataH, pratyakSa pramANa se 'yaha aNu hai- aisA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| punaH, yadi Apa jaina yaha mAnate haiM ki aNurUpa padArtha kA jJAna anumAna se hotA hai, to isa anumAna se saMbaMdhita do prazna utpanna hote haiM- 1. kyA sAdhya-sAdhaka saMbaMdha ke AdhAra para anumAna se aNu kA jJAna hotA hai ? yA 2. sAdhya-sAdhaka ke saMbaMdha ke binA hI anumAna se aNu kA jJAna ho jAtA 511 dekheM - pramANanayatattvAloka, vAdIdevasUri, pR. 8
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 333 hai ? (sAdhya aNu, sAdhana yA hetu-pdaarth)| sarvaprathama, sAdhya-sAdhana ke madhya saMbaMdha kA nizcaya kie binA hI anumAna se aNu kA jJAna saMbhava nahIM hogA, kyoMki anumAna vyApti para nirbhara hotA hai, jabaki aNu aura padArtha meM vyApti-saMbaMdha nahIM hotA hai aura yadi vyApti-saMbaMdha mAna leM, to atiprasaMga-doSa A jaaegaa| yadi binA vyApti-saMbaMdha ke hI anumAna se aNu kA jJAna saMbhava mAneMge, to phira cAhe kisI bhI heta se kisI bhI sAdhya kI siddhi ho jAegI, jo yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| isa prakAra, avinAbhAva arthAt vyApti-saMbaMdha ke.binA arthAta sAdhya-sAdhana ke saMbaMdha ke nizcaya ke binA anumAna se aNu-jJAna saMbhava nahIM hogaa| dUsare, yadi yaha kahate haiM ki sAdhya-sAdhaka saMbaMdha ke AdhAra para anumAna se aNu kA jJAna hotA hai, to yaha batAie ki usa sAdhya-sAdhaka-saMbaMdha kA jJAna- 1. pratyakSa se hotA hai? yA 2. anumAna se hotA hai ? pratyakSa se to aNu aura usake jJAna ke madhya sAdhya-sAdhaka-saMbaMdha kA nizcaya asaMbhava hai, kyoMki aNu atIndriya hone se vaha padArtha jJAna kA hetu yA liMga banane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai, sAtha hI avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha ke jJAna ke binA vyApti-saMbaMdha nahIM hogA aura vyApti ke binA anumAna saMbhava nahIM hogaa| dUsare, yadi anumAna se vyApti-saMbhava kA nizcaya mAneMge, to isameM parasparAzraya-doSa utpanna hotA hai, arthAt avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha kA nizcaya hone para anumAna sambhava hogA aura anumAna ke AdhAra para avinAbhAva-saMbaMdha yA vyApti-saMbaMdha kA nizcaya hogA, isa prakAra to, unameM parasparAzraya-doSa utpanna hogA, athavA yadi anumAna mAnate haiM, to phira anumAna kA saMbaMdha gRhIta hai ? yA agRhIta hai ? isa prakAra, punaH-punaH unhIM praznoM kI AvRtti hone se anavasthA-doSa utpanna hogA, ataH, anumAna se bhI paramANu kI pratIti saMbhava nahIM hogii| isa prakAra, na to pratyakSa se aura na anumAna-pramANa se aNu (paramANu) kA jJAna saMbhava hai| isa prakAra, yadi hama padArtha ko aNurUpa mAnate haiM, to usakA jJAna na to pratyakSa se hI saMbhava hotA hai aura na anumAna se hI saMbhava hotA hai| isa AdhAra para zUnyavAdI bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki paramArthataH na koI jJAna hai aura na koI jJAna kA viSaya (jJeya) hai, ataH, padArtha kI koI sattA nahIM hai| punaH, zUnyavAdI bauddha apane pUrvapakSa kI siddhi hetu jainoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki Apa paramANu ko- 1. nitya mAnate haiM ? yA 2. anitya mAnate 512 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 77, 78
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA haiM? yadi Apa paramANu ko nitya (apariNAmI) mAnate ho, to vaha nitya - paramANu arthakriyAkArI hai ? yA nahIM hai ? arthAt arthakriyA karane meM samartha hai? yA arthakriyA karane meM samartha nahIM hai ? yadi paramANu arthakriyA karane meM samartha nahIM hai, arthAt kucha bhI kriyA karane vAlA nahIM haM, to vaha AkAza - puSpa ke samAna asat ho jAegA / punaH, yadi usa paramANu kI koI sattA hI nahIM hai, to phira paramANu jJAna kA viSaya kaise banegA ? arthAt nahIM bnegaa| isa prakAra, hamAre zUnyavAda ke siddhAMta ko hI svIkAra karanA hogaa| isa prakAra se, jaba koI bhI padArtha sat nahIM hai, to phira kisI bhI pramANa se padArtha kI sattA siddha nahIM hogI, kyoMki jisakI sattA hI nahIM hai, vaha jJAna kA viSaya kaise ho sakatA hai ? dUsare, yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki paramANu arthakriyA karane meM samartha hai, to vaha paramANu arthakriyA - 1. krama se karatA hai, yA 2. yugapat rUpa se arthakriyA karatA hai ? yadi aNu arthakriyA krama se karatA hai, to vaha- 1. svabhAva ke bheda ke binA arthakriyA karatA hai yA 2. svabhAva kA bheda karake arthakriyA karatA hai ? svabhAva ke bheda ke binA arthakriyA karatA hai, yadi aisA kahate haiM, to vaha- 1. jisa svabhAva se pahale jo kriyA kI, arthAt jo kArya pahale kiyA, usI svabhAva se vaha uttarakAlIna-kriyA yA kArya karatA hai, athavA jisa svabhAva se uttarakAlIna-kriyA karatA hai, usI svabhAva se pUrvakAlIna - kriyA bhI kI hai? prathama pakSa meM to pUrvakAlIna - kriyA karate samaya hI uttarakAlIna-kriyA hone kA prasaMga A jaaegaa| kyoMki cAhe pUrva kI kriyA ho, cAhe uttara kI kriyA- donoM kI eka hI svabhAva se niSpatti (utpatti) hotI hai| isI prakAra, dUsare pakSa meM bhI uttara - kAryotpatti ke samaya hI pUrva-kAryotpatti kA prasaMga A jAegA / punaH, arthakriyA meM svabhAva-bheda se paramANuoM kI kSaNikatA samApta ho jAegI, kyoMki svabhAva-bheda honA hI kSaNabhaMguratA kA lakSaNa hai, ataH, nitya paramANuoM meM krama se arthakriyAkAritva siddha nahIM ho sakatA aura yadi yugapat arthakriyAkAritva mAno, to paramANu svayaM hI sampUrNa kAryoM ko eka sAtha hI sampanna karane meM samartha ho jAeMge, to phira dUsare kSaNa meM arthakriyAkAritva kA abhAva ho jAne se paramANu asat kI koTi meM A jaaeNge| isa prakAra, zUnyavAdI jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri se yaha tarka karate haiM ki Apa paramANu meM arthakriyAkAritva mAnane para to use nitya bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiM, 513 kyoMki yadi paramANu ko nitya mAnate haiM, to usameM arthakriyAkAritva (parirvatana) sambhava hI hogA, kyoMki arthakriyAkAritva 334 513 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 77 78
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kA artha hI parivartana hotA hai| isake viparIta, yadi paramANu ko anitya mAnate ho, to vaha paramANu- 1. kSaNika hai ? athavA kAlAntara sthAyI hai ? arthAt sadA rahane vAlA nitya-padArtha hai / eka kSaNa ke pazcAt dUsare, tIsare Adi kSaNoM meM bhI sthAyI rahane vAle padArtha ko hI nitya kahate haiN| yadi kSaNika mAnate haiM, to kyA - 1. akasmAt hI, arthAt binA kisI kAraNa ke hI paramANuoM kI utpatti ho jAtI hai ? athavA 2. kisI kAraNa se paramANuoM kI utpatti ho jAtI hai ? punaH, yadi paramANu kI akasmAt utpatti hotI hai, to yA to - 1. kAraNa kA pratiSedha mAnanA cAhie ? yA 2. utpatti (kArya) kA pratiSedha mAnanA cAhie ? 3. svAtma - hetutva mAnanA hogA, arthAt svayaM hI svayaM kA hetu (kAraNa) hotA hai- aisA kahanA cAhie ? athavA phira paramANu kI na koI Adi hai aura na koI anta hai, isa prakAra, usako 4. zAzvata kahanA cAhie? isa prakAra, zUnyavAdI bauddhoM ne pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM jainoM ke samakSa cAra vikalpa rakhe haiM- 1. prathama vikalpa, paramANuoM kI utpatti meM kisI anya kAraNa kI apekSA nahIM hone se vaha paramANu ahetuka arthAt kisI binA kAraNa ke hone se use yA to sat mAnA jAegA, yA asat mAnA jaaegaa| isa prakAra, paramANuoM ko ahetuka mAnane para use nitya-sat yA nitya-asat mAnane kA prasaMga utpanna ho jAegA / donoM sthitiyoM meM usameM arthakriyAkAritva saMbhava nahIM hogaa| 2. yadi dUsarA vikalpa yaha mAnate haiM ki paramANuoM kI utpatti na pUrva meM hotI hai, na pazcAt hotI hai, arthAt paramANuoM kI utpatti hI nahIM hotI hai| isakA artha hogA ki unakI koI sattA nahIM hai, arthAt ve zUnyarUpa haiM / 3. tIsarA, vikalpa svAtma - hetutva mAnane para paramANuoM kI utpatti hogI, kaise ? kyoMki yadi padArtha svayaM hI avidyamAna ho, to svayaM kI utpatti kaise karegA, arthAt avidyamAna padArtha svayaM kI utpatti meM nimitta nahIM bana sktaa| 4. cauthA vikalpa, yadi paramANu ko zAzvata mAnoM, to vaha to sanAtana arthAt nitya kI koTi meM A jAegA, ataH, akasmAt hI, arthAt binA kisI kAraNa ke hI paramANu kI utpatti ho gaI aisA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi kisI kAraNa se paramANu kI utpatti mAnI jAe, to prazna yaha utpanna hotA hai ki paramANu kI utpatti kA kAraNa koI - 1. sthUla padArtha hai ? 2. svayaM paramANu hI apanI utpatti kA kAraNa hai ? 'artha (vastu) paramANurUpa hai - yaha svIkAra karane se paramANu kA kAraNa sthUla padArtha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sthUla to skandha arthAt paramANuoM kA samUharUpa hotA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, sthUla kI sattA paramANuoM se bhinna bhI nahIM hotI hai / yadi 335
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________________ 336 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA paramANu ko svayaM hI apanA kAraNa mAnate haiM, to yaha batAie ki satpa paramANu svayaM hI kAryarUpa meM pariNata hotA hai ? yA asatrUpa paramANu svayaM kAryarUpa pariNata hotA hai ? yA 3. sat-asat (ubhaya) rUpa paramANu svayaM hI kAryarUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai ? aisA kahate haiM, to vaha paramANu ko utpanna karate samaya hI svayaM kAryarUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai, yA dvitIya kSaNa meM kAryarUpa meM pariNamana karatA hai ? utpatti ke samaya meM paramANu ko kAryarUpa meM pariNamana karatA huA mAneM, to yaha ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki apanI utpatti ke samaya to paramANu svayaM hI svayaM kI utpatti meM vyasta hote haiM, isalie ve svayaM hI kAryarUpa meM pariNamana karane meM asamartha hote haiN|" punaH, zUnyavAdI bauddha-dArzanika yaha samasyA uThAte haiM ki jo padArtha utpanna hotA hai, usakI jo utpatti hai, vaha utpatti hI usa padArtha kI kriyA hai aura vaha kriyA hI usa padArtha kA kAraNa hai| isa tarka ke AdhAra para hI bauddha-dArzanika yaha kahate haiM ki padArtha kI utpatti hI usakA kAraNa hai aura vahI usakA kArya bhI hai, arthAt padArtha, usakA kAraNa aura usakA kArya- ye svataMtra sat nahIM haiM, arthAt zUnya hI haiN| 15 jaina - bauddhoM ke isa kathana kI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabhasari kahate haiM ki padArtha apane utpattikAla meM hI kArya (kriyA) aura kAraNadonoM hote haiM, yadi aisA mAneM, to rUpANu rasANuoM kA aura rasANa rUpANuoM kA upAdAna-kAraNa bana jaaegaa| cU~ki donoM kI utpatti meM koI bheda nahIM hai, ataH, yaha tarka ucita nahIM haiN| punaH, sattA apane utpatti-kSaNa se bhinna dUsare kSaNa meM kAryotpatti karatI hai, arthAta paramANu apane utpatti ke dUsare kSaNa meM kAryotpatti karatA hai, yaha dUsarA pakSa bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA mAnane se to Apake kSaNikatA ke siddhAMta meM bhI doSa A jAegA aura vastu kI kSaNikatA siddha nahIM hogii|16 satpa paramANu kArya kA utpAdaka hotA hai- yadi aisA kahate haiM, to satpa paramANu apane utpattikAla ko chor3akara hamezA hI kAryotpatti karatA rahegA- yaha mAnanA hogA, kyoMki sapa paramANu kA prathama samaya (kSaNa) ko chor3akara zeSa samaya meM usakI satarUpatA meM koI vizeSa parivartana (aMtara) nahIM aaegaa| asatrUpa paramANu kAryotpatti karatA hai- yaha kathana - 514 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 80 515 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 81 516 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 81
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 337 bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha to zazakazraMga jaisI kalpanA hogii| yadi tIsarA pakSa sat-asat (ubhaya) rUpa paramANu hI svayaM kA kArya karatA haiyaha mAneM, to isa pakSa meM donoM meM paraspara virodha kA prasaMga AegA, kyoMki jo paramANu sat hogA, vaha asat kaise bana sakegA aura jo asat hogA, vaha sat nahIM bana skegaa| cauthA pakSa, anubhayarUpa bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki vidhi aura pratiSedha (niSedha)- donoM meM se kisI eka ke pratiSedha se dUsare kI avazya siddhi hotI hai, isa para sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra kareM, to aNu (paramANu) kI kSaNikatA kI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| bauddha - zUnyavAdI punazca apane pakSa kI puSTi hetu AcArya ratnaprabhasUri se prazna karate haiM- kyA Apa paramANu ko kriyAzIla mAnate haiM ? yA akriyAzIla mAnate haiM ? yadi kriyAzIla mAnate haiM, to kriyAzIlatA kA kAla bhI sthAyI bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki kSaNika paramANu kI kriyAzIlatA kA kAla sthAyI nahIM ho sakatA hai| punaH, yadi yaha batAe~ ki kriyAzIlatA ke kAla meM nitya-paramANu 1. arthakriyArahita hote haiM yA 2. arthakriyAkArI hote haiM ? yadi arthakriyArahita mAnate haiM, to AkAza ke phUla kI sugaMdha ke samAna unakI asadupatA kI Apatti aaegii| yadi arthakriyAkArI mAnate haiM, to punaH yaha prazna upasthita hotA hai ki ve paramANu 1. asatpa tA se kArya karate haiM? yA 2. satpa se kArya karate haiM ? yA 3. ubhayarUpa se kArya karate haiM ? yA 4. anubhayarUpa se kArya karate haiM ? 1. yadi asatrUpa se kArya karate haiM, to phira asat zazakazraMga kArya karane meM samartha kyoM nahIM hotA hai ? 2. yadi paramANu apane satapa se kArya ko karate haiM- aisA mAneM, to ve satrUpa se kaunasA kArya karate haiM ? kyA ve satpa paramANu unhIM satkAryoM ko sadaiva karate rahate haiM ? yA phira jisa kArya ko karate haiM, usameM virAma dete haiM? tIsarA aura cauthA vikalpa ubhayarUpa paramANu yA anubhayarUpa paramANu- ye donoM pakSa paraspara tiruddha hone se buddhimAn puruSoM dvArA svIkAra karane yogya nahIM haiM, ataH, aNurUpa padArtha kA astitva kisI bhI yukti dvArA siddha nahIM hotA hai| 18 ratnaprabhasUri dvArA zUnyavAda kI samIkSA zUnyavAdI dArzanikoM ne AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ke samakSa padArtha kI sattA ko asvIkAra karate hue sarvaprathama cAra prazna rakhe the ki Apa jJeya 517 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 81 58 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 81
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________________ 338 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA padArtha ko aNarUpa mAnate haiM ? yA sthUlarUpa mAnate haiM ? punaH, yadi sthUlarUpa mAnate haiM, to ve sthUla padArtha- 1. nitya haiM ? yA 2. anitya haiM ? punaH, yadi Apa jJeya padArtha ko nitya mAnate haiM, to jisa prakAra nitya-paramANu arthakriyA karane meM samartha nahIM hotA, usI prakAra nitya sthUla padArtha bhI nitya hone ke kAraNa arthakriyA karane meM asamartha hogaa| isa prakAra, prathama pakSa bhI khaNDita ho jAtA hai| yadi sthUla padArtha ko anitya mAnate haiM, to yaha batAie ki sthUla padArtha kI utpatti meM- 1. sthUla padArtha kAraNa banatA hai ? yA 2 paramANu kAraNa banatA hai ? atyanta sthUla padArtha to kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha atyanta sthUla padArtha to vizva ko vyApta kregaa| aisA sthUlAdvaitavAda to nirarthaka hai, kyoMki sthUla kA artha sUkSma ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| sUkSma kI apekSA hI kisI sthUla kI siddhi hotI hai, jaise- cane kI apekSA baira bar3A hotA hai| yadi yaha kaheM ki sUkSma paramANu kAraNa banatA hai, to yaha bhI ucita nahIM haiM, kyoMki aisA mAnane para padArtha sambhavataH ubhayarUpa hogA, kyoMki padArtha kAraNa kI apekSA sUkSma hogA aura kArya kI apekSA sthuul| punaH, prazna utpanna hotA hai ki eka-eka paramANu sthUla padArtha ko utpanna karatA hai, yA bahuta sAre paramANu sthUla padArtha ko utpanna karate haiM? pahalA tarka mAnate haiM, to svarga, mRtyuloka aura pAtAlaloka- ina tInoM lokoM kI guphAoM meM ThasAThasa bhare hue eka-eka paramANu se bhI hamezA sthUla kArya (sthUla padArtha) ke utpanna hone kA prasaMga utpanna hogA, jo ucita nahIM hai| yadi dUsarA tarka ki aneka paramANu sthUla padArtha ko utpanna karate haiM, to samUha (skandha) meM rahate hue ve kaunase paramANu mAne jAeMge, jo sthUla padArtha ko utpanna karate haiM ? kyA- 1. eka deza meM rahane vAle ? yA 2. saMyoga rUpa se rahane vAle ? yA 3. kriyArUpa meM rahe hue paramANu sthUla padArtha ko utpanna karate haiM ? yadi eka deza (bhAga) meM sthita paramANu se sthUla padArtha kI utpatti mAneM, to pRthvI ke kisI eka deza (bhAga) meM, arthAt pRthvI ke kisI bhI eka sthAna para rahane vAle paramANuoM se eka hI sthUla padArtha ke utpAdana kA prasaMga A jAegA, kyoMki sampUrNa pRthvI bhI vizva ke eka deza-rUpa hI to hai| 19 - jaina - bauddhoM ke isa kathana para jainoM dvArA yaha spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai ki deza meM rahane vAle jitane paramANu eka kArya ko utpanna karate 519 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 82, 83
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA haiM, vaha eka deza kahalAtA hai. parantu sampUrNa pRthvImaNDala ko eka deza nahIM kahA jA sakatA 1520 521 bauddha isa para, boddha - dArzanika kahate haiM ki aisA mAnane para to itaretarAzraya- doSa A jAegA, kyoMki kArya kI siddhi hone ke bAda eka deza kI siddhi hogI, athavA eka deza kI siddhi hone ke bAda kArya kI siddhi hogii| 2. yadi Apa (jaina) paramANuoM ke saMyoga se hI sthUla padArtha kI utpatti mAneM, to vaha saMyoga - 1. nitya hai yA 2. anitya hai ? yadi Apa saMyoga ko nitya maneMge, to nitya-saMyoga se to hamezA kAryotpatti kA prasaMga AegA, kyoMki aneka paramANuoM ke saMyoga se hI padArtha skandha-rUpa meM nirmita hotA hai| yadi Apa saMyoga ko anitya (kSaNika) mAneMge, to phira padArtha kA nirmANa kisase huA? padArtha kisI anya padArtha ke saMyoga se utpanna hotA hai, yA phira paramANu ke saMyoga se hI utpanna hotA hai ? yadi aisA kahA jAe ki padArtha kI racanA kisI anya padArtha se hotI hai, to phira prazna yaha hogA ki vaha anya padArtha kisase utpanna huA aura isa prakAra, anavasthA - doSa kI sthiti bana jaaegii| yadi aisA kahate ho ki saMyogarUpa skandha-vizeSa kisI anya padArtha se utpanna hotA hai, to yaha bhI ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki aisA mAnane se to saMyoga kA AdhAra paramANu nahIM bana sakatA, arthAt ghaTa meM rahe hue rUpa Adi kI utpatti meM kevala cAka, DaMDA, kumhAra, agni Adi hI nimitta kAraNa nahIM banate, apitu ghaTa svayaM bhI ghaTarUpa banane meM upAdAna -- kAraNa hotA hai| isI prakAra to paramANu meM rahI huI saMyogarUpI vizeSatA (atizaya ) meM bhI paramANu bhI svayaM upAdAna - kAraNa hogaa| dUsarA prazna yaha hai ki kyA saMyogarUpI vizeSatA (atizaya ) kI utpatti meM 1. niratizaya ( alaga-alaga rahe hue) paramANu kArya karate haiM ? yA 2. sAtizaya ( skandharUpa meM rahe hue) paramANu kArya karate haiM ? 1. yadi niratizaya, arthAt alaga-alaga rahe hue paramANuoM ko kArya kA karttA mAnA jAe, to isase niraMtara kAryotpattirUpa doSa utpanna ho jAegA / yadi saMyoga kI vizeSatAyukta sAtizaya, arthAt saMgaThita paramANuoM ko kArya karane vAlA mAnA jAe, to phira to eka vizeSatA (atizaya) kI utpatti meM dUsarI - 520 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 83 521 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 83 339
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________________ 340 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA vizeSatA (atizaya) cAhie, dUsare atizaya kI utpatti meM tIsare atizaya kI AvazyakatA hogii| isa prakAra, se to anavasthA-doSa kI prApti hogii| yadi sthUla padArtharUpa kArya kI utpatti meM paramANuoM ko saMyojita karane rUpa jo atizaya arthAt vaiziSTya--hetu hai, vaha 1. paramANuoM ke svabhAvarUpa hai ? yA 2. paramANuoM se bhinna hai ? yadi paramANu apane svAbhAvika rUpa se hI padArtha meM paramANu-rUpa se rahatA hai, arthAt paramANu kisI anya ke saMyoga se padArtha kI utpatti nahIM karatA hai, to phira usa paramANu se padArtha kI utpattirUpa kArya hogA hI nhiiN| dUsare, sthUla padArtha kI utpatti meM yadi saMyoga nAmaka atizaya (vaiziSTya yA guNa) ko paramANu se bhinna mAneM, to prazna uThatA hai ki vaha- 1. sarvathA bhinna hai yA 2. kathaMcit-bhinna hai ? yadi kathaMcit-bhinna kaheM, to isakA artha huA ki kathaMcita-bhinna hai, yA kathaMcit-abhinna hai, kintu yaha pakSa to virodha se bAdhita ho jAtA hai| sarvathA bhinna kaheM, to paramANu kA saMyogAtizaya arthAt saMyoga nAmaka guNa paramANu se 1. sambaddha hai ? yA 2. asambaddha hai ? asaMbaddha mAneM, to "paramANuoM kA yaha saMyoga hai"- aisA nahIM kaha skte| yadi sambaddha mAneM, to vaha saMyogAtizaya- 1. saMyoga-saMbaMdha yA 2. samavAya-saMbaMdha yA 3. tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha yA 4. tadutpatti-saMbaMdha yA 5. aviSvagabhAva-saMbaMdhaaise jJAna ke pA~ca saMbaMdhoM meM se kaunase saMbaMdha se saMbaddha hai ? 1. saMyoga-saMbaMdha se saMbaddha nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki 'guNa meM guNa to hotA nahIM hai, arthAt eka guNa meM dUsarA guNa saMyogarUpa se bhI nahIM rahatA hai| 2. samavAya-saMbaMdha bhI nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki saba paramANuoM meM samavAya eka hI hone se jisa samaya eka padArtha meM eka saMyoga-saMbaMdha karAtA hai, usI samaya dUsarA saMyoga-saMbaMdha kaise ho sakatA hai ? - 3. paramANu meM saMyogAtizaya, arthAt saMyoga nAmaka guNa sarvathA bhinna rUpa se rahatA hai, yadi aisA bheda kiyA jAe, to usameM tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha arthAt abheda bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| 4. paramANuoM se saMyoga kI utpatti hotI ho- aisA tadutpatti-saMbaMdha bhI khaMDita ho jAtA hai| 5. aviSvagbhAva-saMbaMdha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki isameM 'kathaMcit' zabda kA prayoga hone se isameM ubhaya saMbaMdha arthAt tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha aura tadutpatti-saMbaMdha- donoM ko mAnane se virodha utpanna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra se, zUnyavAdI kahate haiM ki 'para'
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 341 arthAt jJAna ke viSayarUpa padArtha kI sattA kisI bhI prakAra se siddha nahIM hotI hai| punaH, zUnyavAdI jainoM se yaha prazna karate haiM ki- 1. saMyoga nAmaka vaiziSTya samagra paramANu meM rahatA hai ? yA 2. paramANu ke eka bhAga meM rahatA hai ? 1. yadi sampUrNa paramANu meM rahatA hai- aisA mAneM, to paramANuoM kA piMDa mAtra aNurUpa hI ho jaaegaa| 2. yadi saMyoga eka deza se mAneM, to eka paramANu ke sAtha eka sAtha hI cha: paramANuoM kA saMyoga-saMbaMdha hone se paramANuoM ke cha: aMzoM kI, arthAt cha: bhAgoM kI kalpanA karanA par3egI, arthAt paramANu ke cha: bhAga ho jAeMge, antataH paramANu hI samApta ho jAegA, kyoMki jisameM vibhAga ho, vaha paramANu ho hI nahIM sakatA hai, isalie paramANu meM saMyoga-guNa ho hI nahIM sakatA hai| saMyoga-zakti (saMyoga-guNa) kA abhAva ho jAne para sabhI prakAra kA vaiziSTya samApta ho jAegA, pariNAmasvarUpa, padArtha jJAna kA viSaya nahIM bana sakatA hai- isase to zUnyavAda kA siddhAMta satya siddha hotA hai|23| punaH, zUnyavAdI yaha tarka dete haiM ki sthala avayavI 1. AdhArarahita hai? yA 2. AdhArayukta hai ? yadi sthUla padArtha ko AdhArarahita mAneMge, to pratyakSa se bAdhA hogI, kyoMki padArtha to AdhArayukta hotA hai, binA AdhAra ke koI padArtha hotA nahIM hai| dUsare, yadi padArtha ko AdhArayukta mAneMge, to prazna utpanna hogA ki vaha AdhAra- 1. eka avayava se yukta hai ? yA 2. aneka avayavoM se yukta hai ? prathama pakSa, arthAt eka avayavI kA AdhAra to saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki 'aneka avayavoM meM eka avayavI' kI saMbhAvanA to hotI hai, kintu eka avayavI meM aneka avayavoM kI saMbhAvanA nahIM ho sktii| yadi dUsarA pakSa, aneka avayavoM kA AdhAra mAneM, to prazna uThegA ki 1. avirodhI aneka avayava AdhAra baneMge? yA 2. virodhI aneka avayava AdhAra baneMge ? prathama pakSa to ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki cala-acala, sthUla-asthUla, nIla-anIla Adi ye eka-dUsare ke paraspara virodhI haiM, ataH, aneka avayavoM ke paraspara virodhI hone se yaha pakSa yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| dUsarA pakSa yaha hai ki avayavI meM viruddha dhamI kA Azraya svIkAra karane se sthUla avayavI eka jaise siddha nahIM hoNge| 24 5n ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 84 525 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 84, 85 524 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 85
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA punaH zUnyavAdI apane pakSa ke samarthana meM kahate haiM ki yadi sthUlAvayavI apane kisI eka avayava meM- 1. sampUrNa rUpa se vyApta hokara rahatA hai- aisA mAneMge, to vaha eka hI avayava meM vyApta hokara samApta ho jAegA, to phira to aneka avayavoM meM, arthAt dUsare anya avayavoM meM to raha hI nahIM paaegaa| dUsare, sthUla avayavI - 1. avayava ke eka deza meM bhI nahIM raha sakatA hai, kyoMki Apa (jaina) to avayavI ko niraMza arthAt akhaNDa mAnate haiM, to phira usameM virodha utpanna hogA aura yadi sthUla avayavI ko niraMza na mAnakara sAMya mAneM, to phira nayA prazna utpanna hotA hai ki ve aMza avayava se - 1. bhinna haiM ? yA 2. abhinna haiM ? yadi bhinna mAneMge, to ve AMzika - avayavI punaH unhIM avayavoM meM- 1. sampUrNa rUpa se vyApta ho jAte haiM? yA 2. eka deza se vyApta hote haiM ? isa prakAra se, unhIM praznoM kI punaH - punaH punarAvRtti hone se anavasthA - doSa utpanna ho jaaegaa| yadi una aMzoM ko avayava se abhinna mAneMge, to phira avayava ke aMza hI kaise hoMge? arthAt avayavI aMza se abhinna bhI nahIM haiM- aisA mAnanA hogA / yadi tadubhaya pakSa mAneM, to vaha bhI paraspara virodhayukta hone se zazakazrRMgavat asat hone se khaMDita ho jAtA hai| 525 342 anubhaya pakSa bhI siddha nahIM hotA, kyoMki paramANu aura sthUla padArtha paraspara eka-dUsare ke niSedhaka hone se abhAvarUpa hoNge| eka-dUsare kA niSedha karane se ve donoM hI asat siddha hoMge, ataH, anubhaya pakSa kI bhI siddhi nahIM hogI / isa prakAra, zUnyavAdI kahate haiM ki jJAna ke viSaya arthAt padArtha kI koI sattA siddha nahIM hotI hai| jaba jJAna kA viSaya, jo padArtha hai, vahI siddha nahIM hotA hai, jJAtA (pramAtA), arthAt usa viSaya ko jAnane vAlA arthAt jJAyaka AtmA bhI kaise siddha hogA, arthAt donoM hI asiddha haiM 526 punaH, zUnyavAdI apane pakSa kI siddhi hetu AcArya ratnaprabha se yaha prazna karate haiM ki Apa jJAna ko aura jJAna ke viSaya arthAt padArtha ko - 1. samakAla meM mAnate haiM yA 2. bhinna kAla meM mAnate haiM ? yadi Apa prathama prazna ke pakSa meM uttara dete haiM ki jJAna aura jJAna ke viSaya samakAla meM hote haiM, artha eka sAtha aura eka samaya meM hI hote haiM, to phira to tInoM loka hue samagra padArtho kA bodha samAna rUpa se eka sAtha aura eka hI T meM 526 ratnaHkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 86 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri pR. 87
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 343 samaya meM ho jAnA caahie| yadi dUsarA pakSa, arthAt unakA samakAla meM honA na mAnakara bhinna kAla meM honA mAnate haiM, to yaha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| isase to yaha siddha hogA ki Apa jJAna ko alaga vastu mAnate haiM aura jJeya padArtha ko alaga vastu mAnate haiM, yaha siddhAMta bhI ucita nahIM hai| yadi Apa donoM ko bhinna kAla meM hI mAnate haiM, to yaha batAe~ ki jJAna- 1. nirAkAra hai ? 2. sAkAra hai ? yadi jJAna ko nirAkArarUpa mAneMge, to vaha nirviSaya LogA, kyoMki nirviSaya kA koI AkAra to nahIM hotA hai, kinta yaha nirviSaya jJAna kA viSaya kaise banegA? yadi jJAna ko sAkAra mAnate haiM, to yaha batAe~ ki vaha AkAra jJAna se- 1. bhinna hai yA 2. abhinna hai ? prathamataH, jJAna se bhinna koI AkAra siddha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki pratyeka padArtha kA koI na koI AkAra to hogA hii| padArtha AkArayukta hI hotA hai aura usakA vaha AkAra hI jJAna kA viSaya hotA hai, ataH, Apa padArtha ko jJAna se bhinna nahIM kaha sakate haiN| punaH, yadi jJAna kA AkAra jJAna se bhinna hai- aisA mAnate haiM, to phira yaha batAeM ki jJAna kA vaha AkAra- 1. citarUpa hai ? yA 2. acitrarUpa hai? yadi citrUpa mAneMge, to vaha citpa AkAra bhI jJAna ke samAna vedaka (jAnane vAlA). arthAt jJAtA bana jAegA, arthAt jJAtA aura jJeya bhinna-bhinna nahIM hoNge| dUsare zabdoM meM, jJAna hI jJAtA hogaa| yadi acidrUpa AkAra mAneMge, to vaha acit AkAra ajJAnarUpa hogA aura aisA ajJAnarUpa AkAra- 1. svayaM hI ajJAta hogaa| punaH, yaha prazna uThegA ki aisA AkAra- 1. artha, arthAt padArtha kA jJAtA hai ? yA 2. svayaM kA jJAtA hokara artha kA jJApaka hai, arthAta artha ko prakaTa karane vAlA hai ? isa prakAra, se, punaH-punaH inhIM vikalpoM kI punarAvRtti hone se anavasthA-doSa A jaaegaa| isa prakAra, zUnyavAdI yaha siddha karate haiM ki paramArthataH arthAta nirapekSataH na koI jJAna hai, na jJAtA hai aura na koI jJAna kA viSaya hai, ataH, padArtha kI bhI koI nirapekSa svataMtra sattA nahIM hai, saba kucha zUnya hI hai, isAlae 'sarvazUnyatA- yahI eka paramatattva hai| jaina - ratnAkarAvatArikA ke racayitA jaina-dArzanika AcArya ratnaprabhasUri zUnyavAdI dArzanikoM ke pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta ina samasta toM kI samIkSA (AlocanA) karate hue kahate haiM ki sarva-apalApI zUnyavAdI bauddhoM ke ye samasta tarka usa nissAra bhUse ke Dhera ke samAna haiM, jise agni kA mAtra eka kaNa hI samApta kara detA hai| ratnaprabhasUri kahate 527 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 87
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________________ 344 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA haiM ki tumhArA yaha zUnyavAda pramANa se siddha hai ? yA apramANa se siddha hai ? yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki pramANa se siddha hai, to Apane pramANa kI sattA ko svIkAra kara liyA hai, phalataH ApakA zUnyavAda khaNDita ho gyaa| punaH, yadi ise pramANa se siddha mAnate haiM, to Apako yaha bhI siddha karanA hogA ki vaha pramANa jJAnarUpa hai ? yA padArtharUpa hai ? yadi jJAnarUpa mAneMge, to jJAna kI sattA siddha hogii| yadi padArtharUpa mAneMge, to padArtha kI sattA siddha hogii| isa prakAra, ApakA zUnyavAda to khaNDita ho jaaegaa| yadi apramANa se siddha karanA cAheM, to yaha bhI asaMbhava hai, kyoMki apramANa se to kucha bhI siddha nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra, se ApakA zUnyavAda khaNDita ho jAtA hai| 528 bauddha - isa para, yadi zUnyavAdI yaha tarka karate haiM ki hama to pramANa ko bhI zUnyarUpa hI mAnate haiM, kyoMki hamAre anusAra to zUnya hI paramatattva hai| jaina - isake pratyuttara meM, AcArya ratnaprabha kahate haiM ki yadi Apa pramANa ko bhI zUnyarUpa mAneMge, to aisI sthiti meM usase ApakI zUnyatA kI siddhi bhI saMbhava nahIM hogI, kyoMki jo svayaM zUnya hai, vaha anya ko siddha hI kaise kregaa|29 isake pratyuttara meM, punaH zUnyavAdI yaha tarka dete haiM ki hamAre siddhAMtAnusAra to uparyukta kisI bhI pramANa se padArtha kI sattA siddha nahIM hotI, ataH, zUnyatA hI ekamAtra paramatattva hai|530 __isake pratyuttara meM, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri zUnyavAdiyoM para vyaMgya karate hue kahate haiM ki ApakA zUnyavAda to eka aise vyakti ke samAna hai, jo sAMkala se jakar3A hokara kUdane kA abhyAsa kre| Apa zUnyavAda ko hI paramatattva mAnate haiM, to vaha zUnyavAdIrUpI paramatattva koI vastu. hai ? yA vicAra hai ? yadi tuma use vicAra kahate ho, to tumane vicAra kI sattA to mAna hI lI hai, kintu yadi 'vicAra' ko sadavastu mAneMge, to zUnyavAda kaise siddha hogA? aura yadi 'vicAra' ko sadvastu nahIM mAneMge, to bhI zUnyatA kI siddhi kaise hogI ? asat se kucha bhI siddha nahIM hotA hai| punaH, yadi 528 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 88 529 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 88 550 ratnAkarAvatArikA bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 88
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA tuma zUnya ko paramatattva kahate ho, to bhI zUnyarUpa paramatattva kI sattA to tumane mAna hI lI hai, ataH, tumhArA zUnyavAda khaNDita ho gyaa| phalataH, pramANa ko savastu mAnakara zUnyatA kI siddhi saMbhava nahIM hai aura pramANa asavastu ho, to usase bhI zUnyatA kI siddhi saMbhava nahIM hai| isa prakAra se, kisI bhI sthiti meM tumhArA zUnyavAda yuktisaMgata siddha nahIM hotA hai, kyoMki 'zUnya' to jJAna kA viSaya hI nahIM bana sakatA hai| jJAna kA viSaya to savastu (padArtha) hI hotI hai, asavastu kisI kI siddhi yA asiddhi kara hI nahIM sakatI hai, ataH, zUnyavAda se na to zUnyavAda kA maNDana ho sakatA hai aura na kisI anya mata kA khaNDana ho sakatA hai 531 AcArya ratnaprabhasUri zUnyavAdiyoM se kahate haiM ki Apane jJAna aura jJAna ke viSaya (padArtha) ko 'zUnya' siddha karane meM jo bhI tarka prastuta kie haiM, ve sAre tarka yuktisaMgata nahIM haiN| sarvaprathama, Apake dvArA uThAe gae cAra praznoM, arthAt padArtha aNurUpa haiM ? yA sthUlarUpa haiM ? yA ubhayarUpa haiM ? yA anubhayarUpa haiM ? kA uttara dete hue kahate haiM ki padArtha na to aNurUpa haiM, na sthUlarUpa haiM aura na anubhayarUpa hai, apitu padArtha ubhaya svarUpa vAle haiM, arthAt padArtha aNurUpa bhI haiM aura sthUlarUpa bhI haiN| yadi sthUla kI utpatti meM aNu ko hI kAraNa mAneMge, to aNu aura sthUla meM aparihArya rUpa se kArya-kAraNa- bhAva nahIM hai / punaH, aNu sthUla se ekAMtarUpa se bhinna bhI nahIM hai aura ekAntarUpa se abhinna bhI nahIM hai| aNu se hI sthUla kI utpatti hotI ho, yaha bhI koI Avazyaka nahIM haiM / sthUla padArtha se bhI sthUla kI utpatti ho sakatI hai, jaise- moTe sUtra - samUha se bhI moTe vastra kI utpatti hotI hai / punaH, AtmA, AkAza Adi ko hama (jaina) kAryarUpa meM bhI svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| jahA~ aNuoM se kAryotpatti hotI hai, vahA~ bhI kAla, svabhAva, niyati, karma, puruSArtha Adi kAraNa - sAmagrI se utpanna kriyA dvArA saMyogarUpa se rahe hue viziSTa paramANuoM se kathaMcit-bhinna rUpa se aura kathaMcit - abhinna rUpa se kArya utpanna hotA hai / isa prakAra, saMyoga - rUpa se rahe hue sUkSma paramANuoM se sthUla kArya kI utpatti mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| 532 punaH, AcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki Apane (zUnyavAdI bauddhoM ne) jo yaha Apatti uThAyI thI ki saMyoga ko kathaMcit-bhedarUpa aura kathaMcit 531 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 88 532 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 89 345
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________________ 346 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA abhedarUpa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? to jaina-darzana kahatA hai ki pratyeka padArtha meM kisI apekSA se bheda bhI hai aura kisI apekSA se abheda bhI hai, kyoMki pratyeka padArtha dravya aura paryAya se yukta yA sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hotA hai| paryAya kI apekSA se paryAya meM bheda hotA hai, kintu dravya kI apekSA se abheda hotA hai| punaH, jaba Apa 'pramANa aura prameya nahIM- isa prakAra, kA kathana karate haiM, to vaha kathana svapakSa kI apekSA se sAdhaka hai aura parapakSa kI apekSA se bAdhaka hai| jaba eka hI kathana ke sAdhaka aura bAdhaka- donoM hone meM koI virodha nahIM hai, to phira pratyeka padArtha meM se dravya kI apekSA se abheda aura paryAya kI apekSA se bheda mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| Apa bhI apekSA-bheda ko to svIkAra karate hI haiN|533 punaH, jJAna ke viSaya ko asvIkAra karate hue Apa zUnyavAdiyoM ne jo yaha Apatti uThAI thI ki paramANu ke cha: bhAga ho jAne se vaha niraMza (akhaNDa) na hokara aMzavAlA ho jAegA, to Apa una aMzoM ko zaktirUpa meM svIkAra karate haiM, yA avayavarUpa se svIkAra karate haiM ? hama to una paramANu ke cha: aMzoM ko bhI zaktirUpa meM hI svIkAra karate haiN| dUsarA, eka paramANu kA aneka paramANu ke sAtha saMbaMdha hone mAtra se ve sAvayava ho gaeaisI vyApti bhI nahIM banatI hai| binA avayava ke bhI unakA zakti se aneka paramANu ke sAtha saMbaMdha ho sakatA hai| yadi zakti hI avayava kA dUsarA nAma ho, to bhI hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai, kyoMki zakti ke kAraNa hI eka paramANu kA anya paramANu ke sAtha saMbaMdha hone se zakti se bhinna avayava mAnanA anAvazyaka hai| nirAdhAra yA sAdhAra ke saMbaMdha meM zUnyavAdiyoM ne jo yaha prazna uThAyA hai, usake saMbaMdha meM hama jainoM kA kahanA hai ki kathaMcit-virodhI aura kathaMcit-avirodhI- aise aneka avayava aviSvaka-bhAva se, arthAta kathaMcit-abhedarUpa se eka sAdha rahate haiN| isa saMbaMdha meM, virodhI aneka avayavoM ko eka sAtha rahane meM Apane viruddha dharma ke Azraya kI Apatti uThAI hai, kintu hama (jaina) to apekSA-bheda se viruddha dharmoM kA eka sAtha rahanA sambhava mAnate haiM, kyoMki aneka paraspara virodhI avayava bhI avayavAtmaka avayavI meM kathaMcit-bhedarUpa se to rahate hI haiN| isI prakAra, hama yaha mAnate haiM ki 'avayavI' meM pratyeka avayava kathaMcit-sarvadeza se tathA 555 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 89, 90 534 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 90, 91
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kathaMcit-ekadeza se rahatA hai, arthAt tAdAtmya - rUpa se rahe hue avayavoM meM avayavI kI vRtti to hama (jaina) mAnate hI haiM 535 punaH, zUnyavAda kA nirasana (khaNDana) karate hue ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki zUnyavAdiyoM kA yaha kahanA ki 'jJAna aura jJAna kA viSaya samakAla meM bhI nahIM ho sakate, usI prakAra ye donoM bhinna kAla meM bhI saMbhava nahIM haiM, kyoMki jisa kAla meM jJAna hogA, usI kAla meM jJAna kA viSaya bhI hoaisA isalie Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jisa samaya jJAna kI cetanA hotI hai, usI samaya usake viSaya kI cetanA bhI nahIM hotI hai, kyoMki do cetanA (jainoM kI dRSTi se do upayoga) eka sAtha nahIM hote haiN| isa prakAra, hama jainoM ke anusAra to jJAna aura jJAna kA viSaya- donoM bhinna kAla meM hoM, to bhI jJAna saMbhava hai| 536 isI prakAra, jJAna kA viSaya jo padArtha hai, vaha zUnya hai / bauddhoM ke isa tarka kA uttara dete hue ratnaprabhasUri kA kahanA hai ki zUnyavAdiyoM kA yaha tarka yukti-yukta nahIM hai| jJAna aura usakA viSaya, arthAt jJeya padArtha samakAla meM bhI ho sakate haiM aura bhinna kAla meM bhI ho sakate haiM, kyoMki jJAna alaga vastu hai aura usakA viSaya alaga vastu hai| jJAna aura jJAna kA viSaya, jaba donoM kI svataMtra sattAe~ haiM, to phira unake bhinna-bhinna kAla meM hone meM aura samakAla meM hone meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai, zUnyavAdiyoM kI kamI yaha hai ki ve jJAna aura jJAna ke viSaya meM ekAntarUpa se tAdAtmya mAnakara apanA tarka prastuta karate haiM, jabaki jaina- darzana jJAna aura jJAna ke viSaya ko apekSA -bheda se bhinna aura abhinna- donoM hI mAnate haiM / vastutaH, jJAna aura jJAna kA viSaya apekSA -bheda se bhinna bhI haiM aura abhinna bhI haiM, ataH, jJAna se svataMtra jJeya kI sattA ko svIkAra karane meM koI Apatti nahIM AtI 537 347 punaH, zUnyavAdI kA khaNDana karate hue AcArya ratnaprabhasUri anta meM kahate haiM ki jJAna aura jJAna ke viSaya samakAla meM hote haiM yA bhinna kAla meM hote haiM Adi jo vikalpa zUnyavAdiyoM ne prastuta kie haiM, ve sAre vikalpa hameM svIkArya haiM, kyoMki jaba jJeya padArtha hamAre carma-cakSuoM se pratyakSa hotA hai, usa samaya jJAna aura jJeya padArtha samakAla meM hote haiM, kintu jaba jJeya 535 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 91 536 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 82 537 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 92
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________________ 348 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA padArtha smRti kA viSaya hotA hai, arthAt hama atIta kAla ke padArthoM kA smRti ke dvArA vartamAnakAla meM jJAna karate haiM, to isa sthiti meM jJeya padArtha aura jJAna bhinna kAla meM bhI hote haiN| isI prakAra, kevalI Adi ko bhaviSyata-kAla ke padArtha bhI jJAna ke viSaya banate haiM, ve bhI bhinna kAla meM hote haiN| isa prakAra se, zabda-pramANa (Agama), anumAna-pramANa aura pratyakSa-pramANa se tInoM kAla meM rahe hue padArtha hamAre jJAna kA viSaya banate haiN| jJAtA apane jJAna se traikAlika jJeya padArthoM kA jJAna karane meM samartha hotA hai| punaH, Agama aura anumAna- donoM nirAkAra haiN| zUnyavAdiyoM ke isa prazna kA uttara dete hue jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki darzana kI apekSA ve nirAkAra haiM, kintu jJAna kI apekSA se ve sAkAra bhI haiN| prathamataH, anumAna aura Agama- donoM jJAna ke bhinna-bhinna rUpa haiM, ataH, hameM atiprasaMga kA doSa bhI sambhava nahIM hai| punaH, jJAna ko 'artha-grahaNa-pariNAma' rUpa mAnane se jJAna ke viSaya kA AkAra hI jJAna hai- yaha siddha hotA hai, ataH, jJAna sAkAra hai- aisA bhI hama svIkAra karate haiM, kyoMki jJAnAvaraNIya aura vIryAntarAya-karma ke kSayopazama-vizeSa se hama jJeya padArtha kA eka niyata AkAra ke rUpa meM nizcita jJAna karate haiN| zeSa Apake dvArA uThAe gae sAre tarka hameM asvIkArya haiM, kyoMki ye nissAra haiN| vastutaH, jaina-darzana to pramANa ke atirikta pramAtA arthAt jJAtA kI aura prameya arthAt jJAna ke viSaya (padArtha) kI svataMtra sattA svIkAra karatA hai, ataH, zUnyavAdiyoM kA yaha mata samucita nahIM hai ki jJAtA, jJeya aura jJAna zUnyarUpa haiN|538 bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda kI tArkika-samIkSA - bauddha dharmadarzana kI vikAsayAtrA meM bauddha dharma cAra sampradAyoM meM vibhAjita ho gyaa| ye cAra sampradAya kramaza:- 1. vaibhASika 2. sautrAntika 3. vijJAnavAda aura 4. mAdhyamika yA zUnyavAda ke nAma se jAne jAte haiN| sAmAnyatayA, inake matabheda kA AdhAra bAhyArtha kI sattA ko lekara hai| vaibhASika bAhyArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra karate hue usakI anubhUti ko yathArtha mAnate haiN| isake viparIta, sautrAntikoM kA kahanA hai ki bAhyArtha kI sattA to hai, kintu vaha pratyakSa kA viSaya na hokara anumAna kA viSaya hI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, bAhyArtha anumeya hai| caitasika-saMvedanAoM ke AdhAra para hama unakA anumAna karate haiN| isake viparIta, vijJAnavAdI yA yogAcAra 538 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga I, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 92
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA sampradAya kA kahanA hai ki yadi bAhyArtha kI sattA mAtra anumeya hai, to usako yathArtha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? ataH ve bAhyArtha kI sattA ko niSedha kara citta aura caitasika kI sattA ko hI svIkAra karate haiM, jisakA samagra nAma vijJAna hai| vijJAnavAda ke anusAra, vijJAna hI paramArtha sat hai / vijJAnavAda ke pazcAt udabhUta zUnyavAda yA mAdhyamika- darzana to usase bhI eka kadama Age bar3hakara yaha kahatA hai ki vastusat to niHsvabhAva hai, kyoMki vaha sApekSa hai aura kSaNika hai| jo sApekSa aura kSaNika ho, use na sat kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asat kahA jA sakatA hai, isalie mAdhyamika- darzana ke anusAra jo sat, asat ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM koTiyoM se rahita hai, use zUnya ke alAvA kyA kahA jA sakatA hai ? mAdhyamika - darzana yA zUnyavAda kA kahanA yahI hai ki kSaNika aura sApekSa - sattA ko sat, asat ubhaya yA anubhaya- ina cAroM koTiyoM meM nahIM bA~dhA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra, bauddhadarzana kI vikAsa-yAtrA vaibhASikoM se prAraMbha hokara zUnyavAda meM apanI carama sthiti ko prApta hotI hai| yahA~ yaha jJAtavya hai ki anya dArzanikoM ne zUnyatA ke artha ko yathArtha rUpa meM na samajhakara use mAtra abhAva ke rUpa meM dekhA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki zUnyatA kI jo bhI samIkSAe~ kI gaI haiM, ve kevala sattA kA niSedha mAnakara hI kI gaI haiM, jabaki vAstavikatA isase bhI bhinna hai, isalie sarvaprathama yaha samajha lenA Avazyaka hai ki bauddhoM ke anusAra zUnya kA kyA artha hai ? zUnyavAda kA mAnanA hai ki vastu ke svarUpa kA nirNaya karane ke lie cAra hI koTiyA~ hotI haiM- 1. asti 2. nAsti 3. asti aura nAsti (tadubhaya) aura 4. na asti aura na nAsti ( anubhaya) / jo darzana paramatattva ko ina cAroM koTiyoM se pare mAnatA hai, vahI zUnyatA kA sUcaka hai| isa prakAra,, bauddha darzana meM zUnya zabda sattA ke niSedha kA sUcaka na hokara usakI kSaNikatA aura sApekSatA kA hI sUcaka hai| vastutaH zUnyavAda kA vikAsa astitvavAdI aura anastitvavAdI dRSTiyoM kI asvIkRti meM hI hotA hai, 4G 539 dekheM - bhAratIya darzana, baladeva upadhyAya, pR. 683 -- nasan nAsan na sadasanna cApyanubhayAtmakam / catuSkoTi - vinirmuktaM tattvaM mAdhyamikA viduH / / 540 dekheM - bhAratIya darzana, baladeva upAdhyAya, pR. 683 astIti nAstIti ubhe'pi antA, zuddhI azuddhIti ime'pi antA / tasmAdubhe anta vivarjayitvA, madhye hi sthAnaM prakaroti paNDitaH / / - mAdhyamikakArikA 1/7 samAdhirAjasUtra 349
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________________ 350 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA isIlie bhagavAn buddha ne bhI kahA thA- maiM na to zAzvatavAda ko mAnatA hU~, na ucchedavAda ko| sattA na to zAzvata hai aura na ucchinn| vastutaH, vaha kyA hai aura kaisI hai, ise kisI eka dRSTi ke AdhAra para vyakta karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, isIlie zUnyavAdiyoM kA kahanA hai ki hama to isa saMdarbha meM madhyama-mArga kA anusaraNa karate haiM aura yaha mAnate haiM ki sattA astitva, nAstitva, ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM koTiyoM se pare hai| isa prakAra, zUnyavAda sabhI ekAnta-dRSTiyoM kA niSedha karatA hai| ekAntika-dRSTiyoM kA niSedha hI zUnyavAda kA mUla utsa (sAra tattva) hai| zUnyavAdI dArzanika bhI jainoM ke samAna hI ekAntavAda ke virodhI haiM, phira bhI jaina-darzana aura zUnyavAda meM yaha antara hai ki jaina-dArzanika sattA ke sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM pakSoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki zUnyavAdI ina cAroM pakSoM kA niSedha karate haiN| zUnyavAda kahatA hai ki parama-tattva na sat hai, na asat hai, na ubhaya hai, na anubhaya hai|" isake viparIta, jaina--darzana sattA ko sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya-ina cAroM rUpoM meM svIkAra karatA hai| vastutaH, niSedhAtmaka-bhASA ke prayoga ke kAraNa bauddhadarzana kA carama vikAsa zUnyavAda ke rUpa meM huA, to vidhAnAtmaka-bhASA ko mahatva dene ke kAraNa jaina-darzana kA vikAsa anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda ke rUpa meM huaa| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to jahA~ zUnyavAda sattA ko catuSkoTi- vinirmukta kahatA hai, vahIM jaina-darzana sattA ko catuSkoTi yA satva-koTi se yukta mAnatA hai| agrima pRSThoM meM hama yaha dekhane kA prayatna kareMge ki ratnaprabhasari ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM zUnyavAda ko kisa rUpa meM prastuta kara usakI samIkSA kI hai| niSkarSa - isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda kA prastutikaraNa aura usakI samIkSA vistAra se kI hai| unhoMne isa tathya ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhA hai ki zUnyavAdI apane pakSa ke samarthana meM kisa-kisa prakAra ke tarka upasthita kara sakate haiM, unako bhI prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu yadi hama gaharAI se ciMtana kareM, to ratnaprabhasUri ne zUnyavAda ke khaMDana ke lie usI zailI kA sahArA liyA hai, 541 dekheM - bhAratIya darzana, baladeva upAdhyAya, pR. 683 ato bhAvAbhAvAntadvayarahitatvAt sat svabhAvAnutyatti lakSaNA zUnyatA madhyamA pratipat madhyamo mArga ityucyte| - candrakIrti prsnnpdaa||
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jisa zailI ke AdhAra para zUnyavAdI apane mata kA prastutikaraNa karate haiN| jisa prakAra zUnyavAdI apane pakSa ke samarthana meM yaha kahate haiM ki vastu na satrUpa ho sakatI hai, na asatpa, na ubhayarUpa ho sakatI hai, na anubhayarUpa, usI prakAra ratnaprabhasUri bhI usI zailI kA Azraya lete hue usakA khaMDana nimna rUpa meM karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha zUnyavAda pramANa se siddha hai ? yA apramANa se siddha hai ? yA pramANa aura apramANadonoM se siddha hai ? yA pramANa aura apramANa- donoM se siddha nahIM hai ? yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki pramANa se siddha hai, to pramANa kI sattA ko svIkAra karane se ApakA zUnyavAda khaMDita ho jAtA hai| yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki apramANa se siddha hai, to apramANa se to kucha bhI siddha nahIM ho sakatA, ataH, zUnyavAda bhI siddha nahIM hogaa| yadi Apa kaheM ki pramANa aura apramANa- donoM se hI siddha hai, to Apake anusAra hI paraspara virodha hogA, kyoMki pramANa aura apramANa- donoM paraspara virodhI haiM aura yadi Apa yaha kaheM ki pramANa aura apramANa- donoM se siddha nahIM hai, to isakA artha to yahI huA ki ApakA zUnyavAda donoM se siddha nahIM hai / isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~-jahA~ zUnyavAdiyoM ne ubhayatopAza khar3A karake jainoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai aura zUnyavAda ko puSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, vahA~-vahA~ ratnaprabhasUri ne bhI usa ubhayatopAza ko nirasta karane ke lie usakA virodhI ubhayatopAza khar3A karake zUnyavAda kA khaMDana kara diyA hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki zUnyavAdI apane pakSa ko siddha karane meM jisa ubhayatopAza ko upasthita karate haiM, usake ThIka virodhI ubhayatopAza ko prastuta karake ratnaprabhasUri usakA khaMDana kara dete haiN| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke siddhAMtoM kI samIkSA ke lie usI zailI kA anusaraNa karate haiM, jo zailI bauddha - dArzanika apane pakSa kI puSTi ke lie prastuta karate haiN| isa prakAra, siddhAMtagata virodha hote hue bhI donoM meM zailIgata samAnatA pratIta hotI hai| punaH, jaisA hamane pUrva meM saMketa kiyA thA ki prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya - dArzanika zUnyavAda kI samIkSA karate hue use abhAvarUpa mAnakara hI samIkSA karate haiM, jabaki zUnyavAda meM zUnyatA zabda anastitva yA abhAva kA sUcaka na hokara bhAva, abhAva, ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM koTiyoM se rahita mAnA gayA hai| hameM yaha svIkAra karane meM koI bhI Apatti nahIM hai ki jisa prakAra anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne zUnyatA kA artha abhAva yA astitva kA niSedha mAnA hai, usI prakAra ratnaprabhasUri ne bhI zUnyatA kA 351
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________________ 352 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA grahaNa anastitva yA abhAva ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai, jabaki satya yaha hai ki bauddha-dArzanika use bhAva aura abhAva- donoM se pare mAnate haiN| mAdhyamika-kArikA ke prAraMbha meM hI buddha kI vaMdanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki tattva na zAzvata hai, na ucchedarUpa hai, na vaha eka hai, na vaha aneka hai, na vaha nitya hai, na vaha anitya hai| isa prakAra, yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki zUnyavAda ekAnta-zAzvatavAda yA ekAnta-ucchedavAda ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| durbhAgya yahI rahA hai ki jisa prakAra anya bhAratIya-dArzanikoM ne syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda ko samyak prakAra se na samajhakara pAgaloM kA pralApa kahA hai, usI prakAra se bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda ko bhI samyak prakAra se na samajhakara ucchedavAda ke artha meM hI grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai, jabaki anekAntavAda aura zUnyavAda kisI anya sthiti ke dyotaka haiN| yaha satya hai ki syAdvAda aura zUnyavAda- donoM hI ekAntavAda ke niSedhaka hokara anekAnta-dRSTi ke samarthaka haiM, phira bhI jaina-dArzanika isake hetu jahA~ sakArAtmaka-bhASA kA upayoga karate haiM, vahIM bauddha-dArzanika nakArAtmaka-bhASA kA upayoga karate haiN| ve kevala itanA hI kahate haiM ki sattA na sata hai, na asata hai, na ubhaya hai, na anubhaya hai, jabaki jaina-dArzanika sattA ko apekSAbheda se sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM pakSoM se svIkAra karate haiN| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to tattva ke svarUpa ke saMdarbha meM bauddha aura jaina-donoM kisI sImA taka sAtha-sAtha khar3e hue pratIta hote haiM, kintu jainoM kI sakArAtmaka-bhASA aura bauddhoM kI nakArAtmaka-bhASA una donoM ko eka-dUsare se vimukha banA detI hai|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 353 adhyAya-14 AtmA kI anityatA aura kriyA tathA kriyAvAn kI abhinnatA kI samIkSA (a) AtmA kI anityatA kI samIkSA ratnAkarAvatArikA meM pramANanayatattvAloka ke chaThaveM pariccheda ke 53 veM sUtra kI TIkA meM do siddhAntoM kI samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai- eka, sAMkhyadarzana ke kUTastha-AtmavAda kI aura dUsarI, bauddhadarzana ke Atma-anityatAvAda kii| AtmA ke saMdarbha meM sAMkhya-darzana nityatAvAdI hai aura bauddhadarzana anityatAvAdI arthAt kSaNikavAdI hai| sAMkhya evaM bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa - sAMkhyadarzana AtmA ko nitya mAnatA hai| usakI avadhAraNA hai ki pratyabhijJA aura smaraNAdi jo hote haiM, vaha anubhavAvasthA meM bhI aura smaraNAvasthA meM bhI eka hI nitya AtmA meM hote haiN| anubhavAvasthA aura smaraNAvasthA meM do bhinna-bhinna AtmAeM nahIM hotI haiN| eka hI AtmA anubhava bhI karatI hai aura kAlAntara meM usakA smaraNa bhI, kintu bauddha-dArzanika AtmA ko anitya mAnate haiN| unakI avadhAraNA yaha hai ki anubhavAvasthA aura smaraNAvasthA- donoM avasthAoM meM AtmA ekarUpa yA nitya kaise rahegI ? kyoMki donoM avasthAe~ bhinna-bhinna haiN| kisI bhI padArtha kA anubhava karanA bhinna viSaya hai aura usakI smRti honA bhinna viSaya hai| anubhava karane vAlI AtmA bhinna hai tathA smaraNa karane vAlI AtmA bhinna hai| anubhavAvasthA aura smaraNAvasthA- ye donoM avasthAe~ bhinna-bhinna hone se donoM avasthAoM meM cetanA kI sthiti bhinna-bhinna hotI hai, usameM pratikSaNa parivartana hotA rahatA hai aura isI pratikSaNa parivartanazIla anitya-AtmA meM smaraNa, pratyabhijJAdi pramANa saMbhava ho sakate haiN| pratyabhijJA, arthAta 'yaha vahI hai- yaha smaraNayukta anubhavAvasthA hai| citta
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________________ 354 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kI avasthAe~ badalatI rahatI haiM, ataH, citta yA AtmA anitya yA kSaNamAtra sthAyI hotI hai| bauddhoM dvArA apane pUrvapakSa kI sthApanA aura ratnaprabha dvArA usakI samIkSA - bauddha - bauddha-dArzanika sAMkhya-mata kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki AtmA ko nitya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? nitya AtmA meM anubhavAvasthA aura smaraNAvasthA- donoM avasthAoM kA eka sAtha rahanA saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki donoM bhinna-bhinna avasthAeM haiN| anubhava vartamAnakAla kA viSaya hai, to smaraNa bhUtakAla kaa| smaraNa jo hotA hai, vaha bhUtakAla meM jina padArthoM kA anubhava huA hai, una bhUtakAla ke anubhUta padArthoM kA smaraNa vartamAnakAla meM hotA hai, jisako hama smaraNAvasthA kahate haiN| jo anubhava hotA hai, vaha vartamAna ke padArthoM kA hotA hai, jisako hama anubhavAvasthA kahate haiN| jaba donoM avasthAoM kA jJAna bhinna-bhinna samaya meM hotA hai, to donoM avasthAoM kI cetanA bhI to bhinna-bhinna hogii| jisa citta (AtmA) ne anubhava kiyA, usako smaraNa saMbhava nahIM hai aura jisa citta (AtmA) ne smaraNa kiyA, usako anubhava saMbhava nahIM hai, ataH, donoM avasthAoM meM do bhinna-bhinna citta hote haiN| bauddha sAMkhyoM se kahate haiM ki nitya to sadA sthira aura ekarUpa rahane vAlA hotA hai, jo badalatA hai, vaha nitya nahIM ho sakatA hai, ataH, Apake dvArA mAnya nitya sthita ekarUpa vAlI kUTastha-AtmA meM parivartana saMbhava nahIM hogaa| ataH, AtmA anitya yA parivartanazIla hai aura anitya hone ke sAtha-sAtha kSaNika bhI hai, aisI satata parivartanazIla AtmA (cetanA) meM hI parivartana saMbhava hotA hai, ataH, AtmA sthira aura sadaiva ekarUpa, arthAt kUTastha-nitya nahIM ho sktii|543 jaina - jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri sarvaprathama sAMkhya-mata ke kUTastha-nitya-AtmavAda kI samIkSA karane ke pazcAt bauddha-mata kI samIkSA karate hue ratnAkarAvatArikA meM likhate haiM- Apa bauddhoM ne ekAnta-anitya kI siddhi meM jo hetu prastuta kiyA hai, vaha sadhetu nahIM, apitu mAtra viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai, kyoMki Apa bauddha citta-sattA kI ekAnta-anityatA kI siddhi ke lie jisa hetu kA prayoga karate haiM, vaha hetu sAdhya ke abhAva 542 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 100 543 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 102
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 355 meM apane virodhI "pariNAmI nitya' puruSa ke sAtha hI vyApta hai, jaise- jo AtmA atyanta ucchedadharmI hI ho, isalie ki ekAnta-anitya arthAt kSaNamAtravartI hI ho, to pratyeka kSaNa meM bhinna-bhinna AtmA hone se jisane pUrva meM anubhava kiyA hai, vaha AtmA to smaraNakAla meM nahIM hai| jisa prakAra caitra kA anubhava maitra ke smaraNa meM nahIM AtA hai, vaise hI donoM samayoM kI AtmA atyanta bhinna hone se pratyabhijJA aura smaraNa Adi to ghaTita hI nahIM ho sakate haiN| bauddha - isa para, bauddha-dArzanika jainoM se kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra caitra aura maitra- donoM atyanta bhinna vyakti haiM, usI prakAra pratikSaNa parivartita hone vAlI AtmA bhI do bhinna kSaNoM meM bhinna-bhinna hotI hai, kintu eka santAnavartI (ekadhArA pravAhI) hone se caitra aura maitra meM smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna saMbhava ho sakate haiN| jaina - isa para jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki eka saMtAnavartI hone se caitra aura maitra meM smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna saMbhava ho sakate haiM- aisA jo kathana Apa bauddhoM ne kiyA hai, vaha samucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa prakAra caitra ke citta se maitra kA citta atyanta bhinna hai, isalie caitra dvArA kiyA gayA anubhava kA smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna maitra meM saMbhava nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra AtmA ko cAhe eka saMtAnavartI mAneMge, to bhI smaraNa aura pratyabhijJA saMbhava nahIM hogI, kyoMki Apa bauddha to pUrvakSaNavartI aura uttarakSaNavartI- donoM ko atyanta bhinna-bhinna mAnate haiM aura yadi pUrvakSaNavartI AtmA se uttarakSaNavartI AtmA atyanta bhinna hai, to do bhinna-bhinna kSaNavartI AtmAoM meM smaraNa aura pratyabhijJA kaise ghaTita hoMge? yadi AtmA ko eka saMtAnavartI kahakara smaraNa aura pratyabhijJA mAneMge, to phira to ApakA kSaNikavAda khaMDita ho jAegA, kyoMki Apa to pUrvakSaNa se uttarakSaNa ko bhinna mAnate haiM, pUrvakSaNa ne jo anubhava kiyA usakA smaraNa Adi uttarakSaNa ko kaise saMbhava hogA? pUrvakSaNa to sarvathA naSTa ho cukA, to usakA anubhava bhI naSTa ho cukA, isalie uttarakSaNa ko jo anubhava hogA, vaha usako apane navIna viSaya kA anubhava hogA, ataH, smaraNa aura pratyabhijJA taka pahu~canA Apake siddhAntAnusAra to saMbhava hI nahIM hai, kyoMki 54 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 102, 103 19 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 103
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________________ 356 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA smaraNa aura pratyabhijJA meM hone vAlA jJAna to bhUta aura vartamAnakAla se jur3A huA hotA hai| punaH, ratnaprabha bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki pUrvakSaNavartI aura uttarakSaNavartI AtmA ke madhya dravya-tattva rahA huA hai, ataH, dravya kI apekSA se AtmA kathaMcita-nitya hai aura paryAya kI apekSA se pUrvakSaNavartI AtmA se uttarakSaNavartI AtmA bhinna ho sakatI hai, ataH, paryAya kI apekSA se AtmA anitya bhI hai| isa prakAra, se, nityAnitya arthAt pariNAmI-nitya AtmA meM smaraNa aura pratyabhijJA Adi nirdoSa rUpa se ghaTita ho sakate haiM, kintu aisA mAnane para Apa bauddhoM kA ekAnta-kSaNikavAda to khaNDita ho jAtA hai, kyoMki ekAnta-anitya nAmaka sAdhya ko sAdhane meM jisa hetu kA prayoga kiyA hai, vaha hetu ekAnta-anityatva nAmaka sAdhya ke sAtha ghaTita na hokara sAdhyAbhAvAtmaka- aise pariNAmI-nitya (AtmA) ke sAtha vyApta rUpa se rahatA hai, isalie bauddhoM ko bhI yaha hetu viruddha-hetvAbhAsa ke rUpa meM mAnanA hogA uparyukta kathana kA phalitArtha yaha hai ki ratnaprabha ratnAkarAvatArikA meM likhate haiM- AtmA ko ekAnta-nitya mAnane meM aura ekAnta-anitya mAnane meM donoM sthitiyoM meM smaraNa aura pratyabhijJAna saMbhava nahIM hoNge| sAMkhya ke ekAnta-nitya kI siddhi meM aura bauddhoM ke ekAnta-anitya kI siddhi meM jo hetu die haiM, ve donoM viruddha-hetvAbhAsa se grasta haiM, kyoMki unake ekAnta-nitya aura ekAnta-anitya- aise sAdhya se sarvathA viparIta aise pariNAmI-puruSa meM hI smaraNa aura pratyabhijJA saMbhava hai| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki syAdvAda (anekAnta) mAnane meM kisI bhI prakAra kA doSa utpanna nahIM hotA hai, kintu ekAnta-nityavAda athavA ekAnta-anityavAda mAnane meM viruddha-hetvAbhAsarUpa doSa utpanna hotA hai, isa kathana ko sAMkhya aura bauddha-dArzanika kyoM nahIM samajhate ? vastutaH, syAdvAda ke virodhiyoM ne syAdvAda ko paraspara virodhI dikhAkara galata tarIke se prastuta kiyA hai| nitya-anitya meM 'virodha' ko 546 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 103 547 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 103 548 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 103 549 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 103, 104
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 357 mAnakara sAMkhya aura bauddha syAdvAda ko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| ve aisA mAnate haiM ki jahA~ aMdhakAra hogA, vahA~ prakAza nahIM hogA aura jahA~ prakAza hogA, vahA~ aMdhakAra nahIM hogaa| prakAza aura aMdhakAra ko ekatra (eka sAtha) mAnane meM unheM paraspara virodha dikhAI detA hai, vaise hI ve yaha bhI mAna lete haiM ki jahA~ nitya hotA hai, vahA~ anitya nahIM hotA hai, aura jahA~ anitya hotA hai, vahA~ nitya nahIM hotA hai| nitya aura anitya ko eka sAtha mAnanA to "virodha-doSa' se yukta hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki sAMkhya aura bauddha syAdvAda-siddhAnta ko nahIM mAnate haiN| nityAnitya meM paraspara virodha ko dekhakara syAdvAda yA anekAMtavAda se aprIti rakhane vAle sAMkhyoM aura bauddhoM ko samajhA sake- kyA aisA koI udAharaNa jainoM ke pAsa hai, jisameM paraspara virodhI guNa vAlI vastuoM ko sAMkhyoM yA bauddhoM ne eka hI sAtha svIkAra kiyA ho ?' jaina - isakA samAdhAna karate hue ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki sAMkhya ghaTa-paTAdi vastuoM ko sAmAnya aura vizeSa- aise paraspara virodhI guNa-dharma se yukta mAnate haiM aura bauddha bhinna-bhinna aneka varNoM (raMgoM) se yukta padArtha ko 'citra rUpa meM mAnate haiM, ataH, unakI ina mAnyatAoM meM bhI syAdvAda ke samAna hI paraspara virodha kA doSa saMbhava hai|552 sabhI gAyeM gotva-dharma se yukta hone se sAmAnya (samAna) haiM aura zAbaleya tathA bADuleya Adi-rUpa meM vizeSa bhI haiN| isI prakAra, sabhI ghaTa ghaTatva ke rUpa meM sAmAnya haiM tathA sone kA, cA~dI kA, miTTI kA ityAdi kI apekSA se vizeSa bhI haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki jagat ke sabhI padArtha sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka haiN| isa prakAra, sAMkhyadarzana vastu meM paraspara virodhI dharmoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI apekSA-bheda ke hone se unameM paraspara virodharUpa doSa nahIM mAnatA hai| usI prakAra, syAdvAda meM bhI dravyArthika-naya kI apekSA se nityatva aura paryAyArthika-naya kI apekSA se anityatva meM apekSA-bheda hone ke kAraNa virodharUpa doSa saMbhava nahIM hai| 550 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 104 551 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 104 552 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 104 553 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 104
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________________ 358 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA isI prakAra, bauddhoM ke anusAra bhI eka hI citra-rUpa vastu meM rahe hue kRSNa, nIla, pIta, zveta Adi bhinna-bhinna raMgoM kA jJAna hameM hotA hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki bauddhoM kI dhAraNA ke anusAra, eka hI vastra meM bhinna-bhinna raMga eka sAtha rahate haiM aura unakA jJAna bhI eka hI sAtha hotA hai, kintu isameM kisI bhI prakAra kA virodharUpa doSa nahIM rhtaa| uparyukta donoM udAharaNoM ko prastuta karane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki sAMkhya pratyeka padArtha ko sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka mAnate haiM tathA bauddha bhI virodhI raMgoM ke citra jJAna ko eka sAtha saMbhava mAnate haiN| isa prakAra, donoM dArzanikoM ne apekSA-bheda se virodhI pratIta hone vAle tathyoM kA virodha nahIM mAnA hai| isI ko samajhAne ke lie jainoM ne uparyukta udAharaNa die haiM, tAki ve yaha mAna leM ki apekSA-bheda se eka vastu meM eka hI sAtha nityatva anityatva Adi paraspara-virodhI pratIta hone vAle guNadharma raha sakate haiM aura isI AdhAra para ve jainoM ke anekAMtavAda yA syAdvAda kI nirdoSatA bhI samajha leN|555 kriyA aura kriyAvAn ke bhinnatva aura abhinnatva kA prazna bauddha evaM vaizeSika-pUrvapakSa - ratnaprabhasUri kA kathana hai ki bauddha-darzana kriyA ko kriyAvAn padArtha se abhinna mAnate haiN| unake anusAra, kriyA se bhinna kriyAvAn padArtha aura kriyAvAn padArtha se bhinna kriyA nahIM hotii| isake viparIta, vaizeSika darzana kI mAnyatA hai ki kriyA aura kriyAvAn padArtha bhinna-bhinna haiN| donoM ke apane-apane tarka haiN| ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ina donoM matoM kA khaNDana karake jaina-darzana ke anekAnta ke siddhAMta ke anusAra kriyA aura kriyAvAn padArtha meM kathaMcit-bhinnatva aura kathaMcit-abhinnatva mAnA hai| jaina - sarvaprathama, ratnaprabhasUri bauddhadarzana ke kriyA aura kriyAvAn padArtha ke ekAnta-abhedavAda kA khaNDana karate hue likhate haiM ki yadi kriyA aura kriyAvAn padArtha abhinna haiM, to phira yA to kriyAvAn padArtha rahegA yA kriyA rhegii| pAramArthika dRSTi se inameM se kisI eka ko hI svIkAra karanA hogaa| ye do haiM- aisA kahanA saMbhava nahIM hogA, kyoMki yadi 55* ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 104 555 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 104, 105 556 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 21
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 359 kriyA aura kriyAvAn padArtha- ina donoM ko alaga-alaga svIkAra kareMge, to kriyA aura kriyAvAn padArtha meM jo ekAnta-abheda mAnA hai, vaha khaMDita ho jaaegaa| kriyA aura usakA kartA- ina donoM ko abhinna nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai aura yadi inameM bheda mAnA jAe, to ekAnta-abhedavAda to avazya hI khaMDita ho jAtA hai| anta meM, ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki vastu aura usakI kriyA- ye ekAntarUpa se na to bhinna haiM aura na ekAntarUpa se abhinna hI haiN| jainoM dvArA vaizeSika-mata kI samIkSA - isI prasaMga meM, ratnaprabhasUri ne vaizeSikoM ke ekAntabhedabhAva kI bhI samIkSA vistAra se kI hai, kintu hamArA zodha kA viSaya bauddha-darzana taka sImita hone ke kAraNa yahA~ usakI carcA apekSita nahIM hai| jainoM dvArA isa kriyA aura kriyAvAn padArtha ke saMbaMdha meM kathaMcit-bheda aura kathaMcit-abheda kI avadhAraNA kI bauddhadarzana ke vijJAnavAdI aura zUnyavAdI dArzanikoM ne samIkSA kii| bauddha - vijJAnavAdI yaha kahate haiM ki sarvasattA mAtra jJAna (vijJAna)-rUpa hai, jJeyarUpa kucha bhI nahIM hai, ataH, kriyA aura kriyAvAn padArtha- donoM hI jJAnarUpa hone se abhinna hI haiN| isI prakAra, bauddhoM ke zUnyavAdI-sampradAya ke AcAryoM kA kahanA hai ki koI bhI nirapekSa-sattA hai hI nhiiN| sabhI pratItamAna sattAe~ sApekSa rUpa yA zUnyarUpa hI haiM, ataH, kriyA aura kriyAvAn meM bheda kI kalpanA ucita nahIM hai| upasaMhAra - ina donoM matoM kI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki cAhe vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM kI taraha vijJAnAdvaita ko svIkAra kiyA jAe. yA zUnyavAdI mAdhyamikoM kI taraha zUnyAdvaita ko svIkAra kiyA jAe- donoM hI sthitiyoM meM kriyA aura kriyAvAn kA bheda samApta ho jaaegaa| isI prakAra, yaha bhI satya hai ki kriyA ke binA kartA aura kartA ke binA kriyA saMbhava nahIM hai, kriyA aura kartA eka hI haiM- yaha mAnyatA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kintu kartA ke abhAva meM kriyA kaise hogI ? isI prakAra, binA kriyA kie kartA 557 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 21
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________________ 360 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kaise hogA? ataH, kriyA aura kartA ke ekAnta-abheda kA pakSa yA ekAntabheda kA pakSa samucita nahIM hai| kriyA aura kartA- donoM kathaMcita-bhinna haiM aura kathaMcita-abhinna haiM- yahI mAnyatA jaina-darzana ke anekAntavAda-siddhAMta ke AdhAra para tarkasaMgata siddha hotI hai|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 361 adhyAya-15 pakSAbhAsa evaM hetvAbhAsa ke saMbaMdha meM bauddha-mantavyoM kI samIkSA bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa - bauddha-dArzanikoM ne aprasiddha vizeSaNa, aprasiddha vizeSya aura aprasiddha ubhaya- ina tInoM ko pakSAbhAsa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai; kintu jainoM kI dRSTi meM unakI yaha mAnyatA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| jaina - jainoM kA kahanA hai ki aprasiddha vizeSaNa ko siddha karanA to ucita mAnA jA sakatA hai; kintu jo svayaM prasiddha (siddha) hai, usako siddha karane kA koI aucitya hI nahIM rahatA hai| yadi prasiddha ko siddha kiyA jAegA, to siddha-sAdhyatA nAma kA doSa utpanna hogaa| cAhe parvata para agni ho yA na ho, kintu yaha anubhavasiddha hai ki agni meM uSNatA nAmaka guNa-dharma rahA huA hai, ataH, agni uSNa hotI hai, isako siddha karane kI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM rahatI hai, isalie aise pakSAbhAsa kA kathana karanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| bauddha - isa para bauddha-dArzanika kahate haiM ki Apa jainoM ne hamAre kathana ko samajhane kA prayatna hI nahIM kiyA hai| hamArA kathana to yaha hai ki agni kI vidyamAnatA yA avidyamAnatA parvata meM prasiddha nahIM hai| bhale hI, pakSa (parvata) meM agni aprasiddha ho, parantu jagat meM agni to sarvatra prasiddha hI hai aura mAtra vivakSita sthAna para jo aprasiddha ho- aise sAdhya ko siddha karane ko hama pakSAbhAsa nahIM kahate haiM; apitu saMsAra meM pakSa, sapakSa aura vipakSa- ina tInoM sthAnoM meM jo aprasiddha hotA hai, use hama pakSAbhAsa kahate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki sAdhya ko siddha karane ke tIna sthAna hI hote haiMpakSa, sapakSa aura vipkss| vipakSa meM sAdhya ke avidyamAna hone se tathA pakSa meM saMdeha hone se tathA anvayavyApti meM sapakSa kA udAharaNa nahIM milane se 558 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 50
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________________ 362 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA ina tInoM meM sArvatrika aprasiddha-sAdhya vAle pakSa ko hI hama bauddha pakSAbhAsa kahate haiN| udAharaNasvarUpa, sAMkhyadarzana samasta padArthoM ko nitya mAnatA hai, unake mata meM vinAzatva kisI bhI dharmI meM prasiddha nahIM hai, kyoMki sAMkhyadarzana ne vinAza ko pUrvAvasthA kA tirobhAvamAtra hI kahA hai, isalie vizeSa rUpa se sapakSa meM aprasiddha aise vinAzatva guNa vAle sAdhya ko siddha karane meM sAMkhyadarzana meM pakSAbhAsa kA doSa utpanna ho sakatA hai- aisI hama bauddhoM kI mAnyatA hai| jaina AcArya ratnaprabhasari kI samIkSA - bauddhoM ke isa maMtavya kA khaNDana karate hue ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki ApakA (bauddhoM kA) uparyukta kathana samIcIna nahIM hai, kyoMki sArvatrika-aprasiddhi ko yadi aprasiddha vizeSaNAdi pakSAbhAsa kaheMge, to Apake siddhAnta meM bhI to doSa AegA, kyoMki 'sarva kSaNikaM satvAt', arthAt sabhI padArtha satva hone se kSaNika haiMaisA ApakA anumAna-pramANa hai aura isa anumAna-pramANa se Apa sarvatra kSaNikatA kI siddhi bhI karate haiM, jabaki kSaNikatA kahIM para bhI prasiddha nahIM hai aura yadi kSaNikatA prasiddha ho, to phira usako siddha karane kI bhI koI AvazyakatA hI nahIM raha jAtI hai| dUsare, sabhI vastue~ pakSa-rUpa meM sthApita hone ke kAraNa yaha kSaNikatA kisI bhI pakSa meM prasiddha nahIM hai| isa prakAra, se, sapakSa meM aura vipakSa meM bhI prasiddha na hone ke kAraNa Apake anumAna-pramANa meM kSaNikatA kI jo siddhi kI jAtI hai, vaha aprasiddha vizeSaNa- rUpa hI hogI, jisako mAnane para to ApakA anumAna hI dUSita hogA aura vizeSya arthAt pakSa (dharmI) kI prasiddhi to vikalpamAtra se bhI hotI hai- aisA pratipAdana pUrva meM ho cukA hai, to phira yaha vizeSya kI aprasiddhi kaise kahalAegI ? kyoMki vikalpa se to vizeSya kI prasiddhi ho sakatI hai|560 isa prakAra, se, aprasiddha vizeSaNa aura aprasiddhi vizeSya- aise donoM pakSa khaNDita (asiddha) ho jAne se ubhaya-aprasiddha vAlA tIsarA pakSa bhI apane-Apa hI khaMDita ho jAtA hai|581 anumAna meM pakSa, hetu, dRSTAMta, upanaya aura nigamana- aise pA~ca aMga hote haiN| yadi ina pA~coM meM se kisI kA bhI viparIta rUpa meM kathana kiyA 559 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 50 560 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 51 561 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 51
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA jAe, to anumAna - AbhAsa hogaa| anumAna ke ina pA~coM prakAroM ke AbhAsoM meM se prathama sAdhyAbhAsa (pakSAbhAsa) ke tIna bheda hote haiM- 1. pratIta - sAdhya 2. nirAkRta - sAdhya 3. anabhIpsita sAdhya / viruddha hetvAbhAsa ke saMdarbha meM bauddhoM ke maMtavya kI samIkSA jaina, naiyAyika, vaizeSikAdi kitane hI dArzanikoM ke anusAra jo hetu sAdhya ke viruddha ( virodhI) tathya ko siddha karatA ho, to vaha hetu viruddha- hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai- aisI uparyukta dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA hai, kintu bauddha - dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA isase kucha bhinna hai / ratnaprabhasUri, prathama bauddhoM ke pUrvapakSa kA prastutikaraNa karake pazcAt usakA khaNDana karate * 562 563 bauddha - pUrvapakSa jisase dharmI (pakSa) ke sva-svarUpa se viparIta svarUpa kI siddhi ho, vaha, athavA jisase dharmI (pakSa) ke kisI vizeSa-dharma se viparIta dharma kI siddhi ho, ve donoM viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahalAte haiM, aisA bauddha - dArzanika mAnate haiM; kintu ve vastutaH hetvAbhAsa nahIM haiM- aisA jainoM kA mAnanA hai, kyoMki jo mAtra sAdhya ke svarUpa ke viparyaya (viruddha) kA sAdhaka hotA hai, usI ko anya sabhI dArzanika viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM, anyathA to bauddhoM ke uparyukta donoM viruddha - hetvAbhAsa mAnane para to anumAna kA bhI uccheda hone kI Apatti AegI aura yathArtha anumAna bhI mithyA ho jAe~ge / zabdaH (pakSa), anityaH (sAdhya), kRtakatvAt (hetu) ghaTavat-isa anumAna kA kRtakatva - hetu hetvAbhAsa ke samasta doSoM se rahita hone se anityatA nAmaka svayaM ke sAdhya kI siddhi karane vAlA hone se sadhetu hai / phira bhI, yadi bauddhoM kI viruddha hetvAbhAsa kI uparyukta vyAkhyA mAnya karate haiM, to yaha sadhetu bhI viruddha hetvAbhAsa hI siddha hotA hai, jaise- 'jo-jo kRtaka hote haiM, ve sabhI zabda hote haiM- aisA anumAna ucita nahIM hai, jaiseghaTa kRtaka hai, parantu vaha zabdAtmaka nahIM hai| yahA~ kRtakatva - hetu zabdAtmaka-pakSa ke viparIta zabdabhAvAtmaka pakSa kI bhI siddhi karatA hai / isa prakAra, prathama vyAkhyA asatya siddha ho gii| isI prakAra, jo-jo kRtaka hotA hai, vaha vaha zrotA agrAhya hotA nahIM, jaise- paTa / yahA~ para kRtakatva - hetu hai, paraMtu pakSa jo zabda hai, usakA jo vizeSa - dharma zrAvaNatva arthAt sunAI denA hai, usake virodhI azrAvaNatva kI paTa ke udAharaNa se - 562 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 112 563 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 112 363
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________________ 364 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA siddhi kI gaI hai, jisase dUsarI vyAkhyA bhI asatya siddha ho gii| isa prakAra se, yaha kRtakatva-hetu dharmI (zabda) ke svarUpa ke viparIta kI aura dharmI ke vizeSa svarUpa ke virodhI kI siddhi bhI karatA hai, isa prakAra, usake svabhAva kI bhI siddhi kara detA hai, isalie yaha sadhetu bhI ahetu arthAt hetvAbhAsa bana jAtA hai, ataH, bauddhoM kA yaha mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| anumAna-pramANa meM dhUma-hetu agnirUpa yathArtha sAdhya kI siddhi karane se sadhetu hai, kintu phira bhI dhUmahetu ko isa prakAra, prayoga karanA ki jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ parvata nahIM hotA, athavA jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ parvata kA jo pASANatva-rUpa vizeSa dharma hai, vaha nahIM hotA, yaha ucita nahIM hotA hai| dhUmahetu se ghAsa kI agni kI bhI siddhi hotI hai, kintu parvatarUpI pakSa kI siddhi nahIM hotI, sAtha hI pASANatva rUpa pakSa ke vizeSa-dharma kI bhI siddhi nahIM hotI hai| hetu kA aisA prayoga sadahetu ko bhI viruddha hetvAbhAsa banA detA hai, ataH, bauddhoM kI viruddha hetvAbhAsa kI uparyukta vyAkhyA ucita nahIM hai| __ isa prasaMga meM, ratnaprabhasUri ne yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai| yaha sadhetu hote hue bhI bauddhoM kI vyAkhyA ke anusAra viruddha-hetvAbhAsa kA hI eka rUpa siddha ho jAtA hai| cUMki jo bhI kRtaka hotA hai, vaha zabda hI ho- yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai, ataH, isa prasaMga meM ratnaprabhasari kA kahanA hai ki viruddha-hetvAbhAsa ke saMdarbha meM bauddhoM kI jo vyAkhyA hai, vaha ucita nahIM hai| 85 dRSTAntAbhAsa ke saMdarbha meM buddha kI AptatA kI samIkSA __ratnAkarAvatArikA ke chaThaveM pariccheda ke 74, 75 evaM 76 veM sUtra meM jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri likhate haiM ki bauddha-dArzanika kSaNikekAntavAdI haiN| unake isa siddhAnta se buddha kI asarvajJatA aura anAptatArUpa sAdhya kI siddhi saMbhava hai| ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa prastuta karate hue likhate haiM ki jo-jo sarvajJa aura Apta haiM, ve kSaNika-ekAntavAdI haiM, jaise- bauddha / bauddhoM ke isa udAharaNa meM sAdhya kSaNika-ekAntavAditA hone ke kAraNa akSaNika-ekAntavAditA kA abhAva nizcita rUpa se rahA huA hai, kintu kisI kI sarvajJatA aura AptatA indriya-jJAna kA viSaya na hone ke kAraNa buddha meM bhI sarvajJatA aura AptatA hai yA nahIM- yaha zaMkA kA viSaya hai| 564 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 112, 113 565 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 113
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA asarvajJatA aura anAptatA kI vyAvRtti ko jAnA nahIM jA sakatA hai, isalie sAdhya-dharma kI vyAvRtti zaMkA kA viSaya hai, isIlie yaha 'saMdigdha - sAdhya vyatireka' nAmaka cauthA vaidharmya kA udAharaNa hai| 566 vastutaH, dekhA jAe to, 'asiddha-sAdhya vyatireka' nAmaka prathama vaidharmya ke udAharaNa meM hI isakA bhI samAveza ho cukA hai| cUMki bauddhoM dvArA mAnya 'kSaNikekAntavAda' pratyakSa pramANAdi se khaMDita hai, isalie usa mithyA kSaNikekAntavAda ko kahane vAle bauddha dArzanika asarvajJa aura anApta haiM, yaha bAta svataH hI siddha ho jAtI hai| sirpha buddha kI sarvajJatA aura AptatA kA khaMDana karane vAle pramANoM ke hArda ko samajhane ke lie zUnyavAda ko mAnane vAle sarvathA alpajJa aise pramAtA ke Azraya se yahA~ 'saMdigdha - sAdhya vyatireka ko cauthA AbhAsa ke rUpa meM samajhAyA hai, anyathA isakA samAveza to prathama vaidharmya ke udAharaNa meM hI ho cukA hai| 57 vaidharmya - anumAna ke pA~caveM udAharaNa meM vyatirekavyApti isa prakAra, se hai- 'jo-jo anAdeya - vacana vAlA nahIM hai, vaha vaha puruSa rAgAdivAlA bhI nahIM hai, arthAt jo-jo puruSa Adeya - vacana vAlA hai, vaha - vaha puruSa vItarAga hai, jaise ki buddha / isa udAharaNa meM, buddha meM anAdeya - vacanatA kA abhAva ho sakatA hai, parantu rAgAdi ke abhAvarUpa vItarAgatA indriyagocara jJAna se nahIM jAnI jA sakatI, isalie unameM rAgAdi ke abhAvarUpa vItarAgatA viSaya hai, isa prakAra, yaha 'saMdigdha - sAdhana vyatireka' nAmaka pA~cavA~ vaidharmya kA udAharaNa hai| 568 365 TIkAkAra ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki buddha ke kSaNikekAntarUpa vacana pramANa se bAdhita hone se Adeya nahIM haiM, phira bhI unake darzana ke anurAgI vyaktiyoM ko buddha kI Adeya - vacanatA mAnya ho sakatI hai, parantu rAgAdi abhAvarUpa vItarAgatA to usako siddha karane vAle pramANa kI vikalatA ke kAraNa saMdeha kA viSaya hI rahatI hai, isalie yaha saMdigdha - sAdhana vyatireka kA udAharaNa yathArtha hI hai 1589 566 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 142 567 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 142 568 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 143 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 143 569
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________________ 366 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA saMdigdhobhaya vyatireka nAmaka anumAna ke chaThaveM udAharaNa meM tapana-bandhu buddha ke vyatireka-vyApti (vaidhaya) kA udAharaNa nimna rUpa meM diyA gayA hai| vItarAgatA indriyajanya jJAna kA viSaya na hone ke kAraNa yaha siddha nahIM ho sakatA hai ki buddha rAgAdi se yukta haiM yA vItarAga haiM ? isalie vItarAgatA abhAvarUpa meM hI sAdhya ho sakatI hai, arthAt unakI vItarAgatA meM saMdeha banA rahatA hai| isI prakAra, karuNAzIla buddha ne jIvoM para karuNA karake svayaM ke zarIra ke mAMsa ke Tukar3oM ko samarpita kiyA thA, yA nahIM ? yaha batAne vAle kisI bhI pramANa kA abhAva hone se isa kathana kI prAmANikatA ko nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, isalie 'anarpita nija mAMsa pirita' ke abhAva meM bhI zaMkA banI rahatI hai| isa prakAra se, sAdhyAbhAva aura sAdhanAbhAva kI zaMkA ke hone se kucha bhI nirNaya na hone ke kAraNa yaha saMdigdhobhaya vyatireka nAma kA chaThavAM vaidharmya kA udAharaNa hai| sAdhyAbhAsa (pakSAbhAsa) evaM dRSTAntAbhAsa ke pazcAt aba 'hetvAbhAsa kA varNana kiyA jA rahA hai|" hetvAbhAsa ke sambandha meM jaina-dRSTikoNa - jaina - granthakAra jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM- jo hetu sAdhya ke binA nahIM hotA hai, usako nizcitAnyathAnupapatti kahate haiM aura yahI ekamAtra sadhetu kA yathArtha lakSaNa hai; kintu jo hetu nizcitAnyathAnupapatti se vikala (rahita) hogA, vaha vastutaH ahetu yA mithyA hetu hotA hai| jaba yathArtha hetu ke sthAna para mithyA hetu kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai, to use hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, jahA~ mithyA hetu, hetu ke samAna dikhAI detA hai, usI ko hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| yathArtha hetu ke sthAna para mithyA hetu kA prayoga hI hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| hetvAbhAsa ke sambandha meM baudoM kA pUrvapakSa -- punaH, jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri likhate haiM- bauddhoM dvArA sadhetu ke mAnya tIna lakSaNa haiM- 1. pakSasatva 2. sapakSasatva aura 3. vipkssastv| naiyAyika ina tInoM lakSaNoM ke sAtha-sAtha abAdhita viSayatva aura asat-pratipakSaaise sadahetu ke pA~ca lakSaNa mAnate haiM; kintu jainoM ke anusAra, 57deg ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri. pR. 143 11 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 51 572 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 52
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA nizcitAnyathAnupapatti- yahI ekamAtra sadhetu kA lakSaNa hai| unake anusAra, jaba hetu nizcitAnyathAnupapattirUpa na hokara bhI hetu jaisA AbhAsita hotA ho to jaina usako hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| vaha hetvAbhAsa tIna prakAra kA hai1. asiddha 2. viruddha aura 3. anekAntika, 573 jisakA varNana granthakAra ratnaprabhasUri kramaza: nimna prakAra se karate haiM 1. nizcitAnyathAnupapatti- yaha sadhetu kA lakSaNa hai, kintu yaha nizcitAnyathAnupapatti sAdhya ke sAtha hetu kI honA cAhie, kintu yadi yaha nizcitAnyathAnupapatti sAdhya ke sAtha na hokara usase viparIta kisI anya ke sAtha ho, to usako viruddha hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM, arthAt sAdhya se viparIta kisI anya ke sAtha jisakI vyApti nizcita ho, vaha viruddha - hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| 574 2. sAdhya ke sAtha hetu kI nizcita rUpa se anyathAnupapatti honA cAhie, kintu usake sthAna para vaha anyathAnupapatti sAdhya ke sAtha bhI ho tathA sAdhya se itara kisI anya ke sAtha bhI ho, to aisI anizcita rUpa vAlI anyathAnupapatti se anekAntika - hetvAbhAsa kA udbhava hotA hai, arthAt jisa hetu kI anyathAnupapatti (vyApti) meM saMdeha ho, vaha anekAntika- hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| 575 asiddha - hetvAbhAsa kI jaina darzana kI samIkSA kA bauddhoM kA pratyuttara jo hetu, vAdI aura prativAdI - donoM ko hI siddha arthAt mAnya nahIM hotA hai, usako asiddha - hetvAbhAsa kahate haiN| jaba hetu kI anyathAnupapatti pakSa meM pratIta nahIM hotI ho, arthAt apratIta hotI ho, to vaha asiddha - hetvAbhAsa hotA hai| asiddha - hetvAbhAsa meM pakSa meM hetu kI anyathAnupapatti kI jo apratIti hotI hai, vaha ajJAna se, saMdeha se, athavA viparyaya se hotI hai| asiddha hetvAbhAsa kA eka tAtparya yaha bhI ho sakatA hai- hetu aura sAdhya meM jo vyApti-saMbaMdha honA cAhie, kintu jisakA sAdhya se vyApti-saMbaMdha na ho- aise hetu ke dvArA sAdhya ko siddha karane ke prayAsa ko asiddha - hetvAbhAsa kahate haiM, jaise- jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai, isameM to vyApti-saMbaMdha hai, kintu yadi koI yaha kahe ki 573 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 52 574 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 52 575 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 52, 53 367
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jahA~-jahA~ agni hotI hai, vahA~-vahA~ dhuA~ hotA hai, dekho parvata para agni hai, isalie parvata para dhuA~ hai, to vaha asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai, kyoMki agni kI dhue~ se vyApti banatI hI nahIM hai / yaha asiddha - hetvAbhAsa bhI do prakAra kA hai - 1. ubhayAsiddha aura anyatarAsiddha / 368 1. jo hetu vAdI aura prativAdI - donoM ko mAnya nahIM hai, use hetu ke rUpa meM prastuta karanA ubhayAsiddha- hetvAbhAsa hai, jaise- zabda pariNAmI haiM, kyoMki zabda cAkSuSa haiM / yahA~ zabda kA cAkSuSatva donoM ko siddha nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda A~kha se nahIM dikhatA, balki kAna se sunAI detA hai, ataH, yaha hetu ubhayAsiddha hai, kyoMki vAdI aura prativAdI - donoM ko mAnya nahIM 1578 2. aisA hetu jo vAdI yA pakSa ko to mAnya hotA hai, kintu prativAdI yA vipakSa ko mAnya nahIM hotA hai, use anyatarAsiddha- hetvAbhAsa kahate hai, jaise- vRkSa acetana hai, kyoMki vaha aindrika - jJAna se rahita hai, aisA hetu vAdI (pakSa) arthAt jainoM ko to mAnya yA siddha hai; kintu prativAdI (vipakSa) arthAt bauddhoM ko mAnya siddha nahIM hai| jaina vRkSa ko cetana mAnate haiM, isalie ve vRkSa meM aindrika - jJAna kA honA svIkAra karate haiM, ataH, kevala prativAdI bauddhoM ko amAnya yA asiddha hone ke kAraNa yaha anyatarAsiddha- hetvAbhAsa hai| 57 jaina asiddha - hetvAbhAsa ke ubhayAsiddha aura anyatarAsiddha- ina do bhedoM ko hI svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki naiyAyika, sAMkhya Adi anya dArzanika asiddha- hetvAbhAsa ke svarUpa- asiddha, vyApyatva-asiddha, Azraya-asiddha Adi anya bheda hI svIkAra karate haiM; kintu jaina- dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki ye sabhI bheda ubhaya- asiddha aura anyatarA - asiddha meM samAhita ho jAte haiM; kintu bauddha - dArzanika asiddha hetvAbhAsa ke nimna anya bheda bhI svIkAra karate haiM- 508 1. svarUpa - asiddha 2. viruddha - asiddha 3. vizeSya- asiddha 576 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 53 577 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 54 578 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 54
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 369 4. vizeSaNa-asiddha 5. pakSa-ekadeza-asiddha 6. Azraya-asiddha 7. Azraya-ekadeza-asiddha 8. saMdigdha-Azraya-asiddha 9. saMdigdha-Azraya-ekadeza-asiddha 10. Azraya-saMdigdha-vRtyasiddha 11. Azraya-ekadeza-saMdigdha-vRtyasiddha 12. vyartha-vizeSaNa-asiddha 13. vyartha-vizeSya-asiddha 14. saMdigdha-asiddha 15. saMdigdha-vizeSya-asiddha 16. saMdigdha-vizeSaNa-asiddha 17. ekadeza-asiddha 18. vizeSaNa-ekadeza-asiddha 19. vizeSya-ekadeza-asiddha 20. saMdigdha-ekadeza-asiddha 21. saMdigdha-vizeSaNa-ekadeza-asiddha 22. saMdigdha-vizeSya-ekadeza-asiddha 23. vyartha-ekadeza-asiddha 24. vyartha-vizeSaNa-ekadeza-asiddha 25. vyartha-vizeSya-ekadeza-asiddha isa prakAra, bauddhoM ne aise paccIsa prakAra ke asiddha-hetvAbhAsa kA ullekha kiyA hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddhoM ke asiddha hetvAbhAsoM ke paccIsa bhedoM kA mAtra sAmAnya rUpa se vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| inameM se
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________________ 370 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kevala vizeSaNa-ekadeza-asiddha aura vizeSya-ekadeza-asiddha- ina do asiddhoM kI samIkSA karate hue yaha kahA gayA hai ki ye donoM prakAra ke asiddha-hetvAbhAsa jainoM kI dRSTi meM saMbhava hI nahIM haiN| isake sAtha hI, ratnaprabhasUri kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki kisI bhI prakAra kA asiddha hetvAbhAsa ho, vaha ubhaya-asiddha athavA anyatara-asiddha hetvAbhAsa ke ina do bhedoM meM antarbhUta ho hI jAtA hai, kyoMki koI bhI asiddha-hetvAbhAsa yA to vAdI aura prativAdI- donoM ko amAnya hogA, athavA prativAdI Adi kisI eka ko amAnya hogA, ataH, asiddha-hetvAbhAsa ke ubhaya-asiddha aura anyatarAsiddha- ina donoM bhedoM meM sabhI prakAra ke asiddha-hetvAbhAsa samAhita ho jAte haiN| yadyapi hetvAbhAsa ke isa prasaMga meM bauddhoM ke sAtha-sAtha naiyAyikoM ke mata kI bhI vistAra se samIkSA kI gaI hai, kintu prastuta zodha-prabandha bauddha-mata kI samIkSA taka hI sImita hone ke kAraNa hama yahA~ usakI carcA nahIM kara rahe haiN| bauddhoM ke asAdhAraNAnekAntika (anekAntika) hetvAbhAsa kI samIkSA bauddhoM ke anusAra, hetvAbhAsa kA nauvA~ prakAra asAdhAraNa anekAntika-hetvAbhAsa hai, jo unakI buddhimattA ko darzAne vAlA nahIM hai, arthAt anAvazyaka hai| bauddha - bauddha-dArzanikoM ke kathana kA Azaya yaha hai ki 'zabdaH nityaH zrAvaNatvAta'- isa anumAna meM zrAvaNatvAt hetu asAdhAraNa anekAntika-hetvAbhAsarUpa hai| jisa anumAna meM hetu sapakSa meM aura vipakSa meM- donoM meM sarvathA vyAvRtta (niSedharUpa) ho aura mAtra pakSa meM hI rahatA ho, to vaha hetu asAdhAraNa anekAntika-hetvAbhAsa kahalAtA hai| tarkasaMgraha meM bhI "sapakSa vipakSa vyAvRttaH pakSamAtravRttiH asAdhAraNa:'- aisA sUtra hai, parantu isake bAre meM bauddhadarzana meM sUkSmatA se vicAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| 90 jaina - isa anumAna meM yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kyA 'zrAvaNatva' hetu "ekAMtata:-nitya' aise sAdhya kI siddhi karatA hai ? yA 'kathaMcit-nitya' aise sAdhya kI siddhi karatA hai ? yadi zrAvaNatva hetu sarvathA nitya-sAdhya kI siddhi karatA ho, to vaha viruddha-hetvAbhAsa hai aura yadi vaha 'kathaMcita-nitya' sAdhya kI siddhi karatA ho, yaha hetu samyaka-hetu hI hai, - 579 ratnAkarAyatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 64 580 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 124
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 371 hetvAbhAsa nahIM hai, isalie hetvAbhAsa kA asAdhAraNa anekAntika-hetvAbhAsa nAmaka bheda karane kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM hai| vastutaH, zabda kathaMcita-nitya haiN| jaba taka zabda ko bhASA ke rUpa meM pariNata karake bolA nahIM jAtA hai, taba taka vaha azrAvaNatva-svabhAva vAlA rahatA hai, kintu ve hI zabda jaba bhASA ke rUpa meM pariNata karake bole jAte haiM, to isameM pUrvakAlIna azrAvaNatva-svabhAva kA tyAga (vyaya) hone se aura uttarakAlIna zrAvaNatva-svabhAva kI utpatti hone se use kathaMcit-anitya bhAne binA zabda kI utpatti hI saMbhava nahIM hogI, ataH, azrAvaNatva aura zrAvaNatva- donoM hetu dhvanirUpa paryAya kI apekSA se kathaMcit-anitya haiM aura zabdarUpa jJAna kI apekSA se kathaMcit-nitya haiN| zabda kA svarUpa aisA hI hai| yadi bauddhoM ke anusAra zrAvaNatva-hetu sarvathA nityatva hI siddha hotA ho, to zrAvaNatva-hetu kI mAtra kathaMcit-nitya nAmaka vipakSa meM vRtti hone se vaha viruddha-hetvAbhAsa hI hogA, anekAntika-hetvAbhAsa nahIM hogaa| vastutaH, jisa hetu se kathaMcita-nityatva siddha hotA ho, to vaha hetu vipakSavyAvRtti vAlA hI hone se, jainoM ke anusAra, samyaka-hetu hai, hetvAbhAsa nahIM haiM, kyoMki kathaMcita-nityatva ke sAtha hI usa hetu meM anyathAnupapattirUpa vyApti barAbara saMbhava hai, jisake kAraNa yaha hetu anekAntika hetvAbhAsa nahIM hotA hai, isalie anya-dArzanikoM ne anekAntika-hetvAbhAsa nAmaka jisa bheda kA pratipAdana kiyA hai, vaha nirarthaka hai| 83 bauddha-dArzanika 'viruddha-vyabhicArI' nAmaka jisa hetvAbhAsa kA hama pratipAdana karate haiM, vaha isa prakAra, hai- zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai, ghaTa ke smaan| zabda-nitya hai, kyoMki vaha zrAvaNatva-svabhAva vAlA hai (jJAtavya hai ki svabhAva nitya hotA hai)| ye do prakAra ke anumAna haiM, jisameM se prathama meM hetu usI pakSa meM svayaM kI siddhi karatA hai, sAtha hI usI pakSa meM usI sAdhya ke viruddha aise sAdhya ko siddha karane vAlA yadi dUsarA hetu bhI avyabhicAritva ko prApta hotA hai, to vaha hetu bhI viruddha-vyabhicArI hetu kahalAtA hai| jo hetu sAdhya kI bhI siddhi karatA ho aura sAdhya se viruddha 581 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 124 - ratnAkarAyatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 125 583 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 125
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________________ 372 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA kI bhI siddhi karatA ho- aise hetu ko bauddha-dArzanika hetvAbhAsa mAnate haiN| upasaMhAra - bauddhoM ke uparyukta kathana kI samIkSA karate hue granthakartA AcArya ratnaprabhasUri likhate haiM- zabda nAmaka pakSa meM nityatva aura anityatva kI siddhi karane vAle hetu ke bAre meM Apa bauddha jo yaha kathana karate haiM ki jo kathaMcita-nitya aura kathaMcita-anitya, arthAt nityAnitya-svarUpa vAle anekAntika-sAdhya kI siddhi karatA ho, to vaha samyaka-hetu hI hai, vaha hetvAbhAsa nahIM hai, isa prakAra, jina hetuoM se anekAntika-sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai, ve samyaka-hetu haiN| usI prakAra, nityAnitya zabda se pariNAmI sAdhya kI siddhi karane vAle hetuoM ke samAna yaha hetu bhI samyak-hetu hai, jisa prakAra jo pariNAmI hotA hai, vaha kathaMcita-nitya aura kathaMcit-anitya hI hotA hai| ghaTa-paTa Adi jo-jo padArtha kRtaka hote haiM, ve sabhI padArtha pariNAmI hote haiN| yahA~ para jisa prakAra kRtakatva-hetu se pariNAmI-sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai, usI prakAra kRtakatva-hetu se kathaMcita-nitya yA kathaMcita-anitya sAdhya kI siddhi ho, to vaha hetu anucita nahIM hai| isa prakAra, ke hetu samyaka-hetu hI hote haiM,585 parantu jo hetu sarvathA ekAnta-nitya athavA ekAnta-anitya kI siddhi ke lie hI prastuta kiyA gayA ho, vaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa hai, athavA saMdigdha vipakSavyAvRtti nAma kA anekAntika-hetvAbhAsa hai, parantu inase pRthaka koI viruddha-vyabhicArI nAma kA hetvAbhAsa nahIM hai| yadi Apa bauddha kRtakatva-hetu se ekAnta-anitya padArtha ko siddha karanA cAhate haiM, to yaha kRtakatva-hetu jahA~-jahA~ hai, vahA~-vahA~ ekAnta-nitya (AkAzAdi) kucha bhI nahIM haiM, apitu paryAya se anitya aura dravya se nitya- aise kathaMcit-nitya aura kathaMcita-anitya ghaTa-paTAdi padArtha hI haiM, jisase hetu sAdhya ke abhAva meM hone ke kAraNa viruddha hetvAbhAsa hogaa| isI prakAra, yadi zrAvaNatva hetu zabda meM ekAnta-nityatva yA ekAnta-anityatva siddha karane ke lie prastuta kie gayA ho, to vaha hetu 584 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 125 585 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 126 586 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 126
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA zabda ke azrAvaNatva aura zrAvaNatva - donoM paryAyavAlA hone se, arthAt vipakSa-vRtti hone se viruddha hetvAbhAsa meM hI antarbhUta hotA hai / isI prakAra, kRtakatva - hetu bhI Apa bauddhoM dvArA mAnya sAdhya (sapakSa) se viparIta, kathaMcit - anitya aura kathaMcit- nitya - aise ghaTa-paTa Adi sAdhyAbhAvarUpa padArthoM meM, arthAt vipakSa meM aura zabda ke zabdatva meM bhI ho sakatA hai, isalie hetu kI vipakSa kI vyAvRtti meM zaMkA hone ke kAraNa saMdigdha vipakSa - vyAvRtti nAmaka hetvAbhAsa bhI anekAntika- hetvAbhAsa meM antarbhUta ho jAtA haiM / isI prakAra, viruddha-vyabhicArI nAmaka anekAntika- hetvAbhAsa kA pRthak astitva nahIM hai| 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 126 587 373
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________________ 374 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya- 16 bauddhoM ke bAhyArtha - niSedha evaM pramANa tathA pramANaphala kI abhinnatA kI samIkSA bAhyArtha - niSedha kI samIkSA bauddha - pUrvapakSa bauddha-dharma-darzana sAmAnyataH do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta huA - 1. hInayAna aura 2. mahAyAna / isI mahAyAna - sampradAya meM dArzanika - dRSTi se punaH do bheda hue - 1. yogAcAra (vijJAnavAda) aura 2. zUnyavAda / isa yogAcAra yA vijJAnavAda meM aneka AcArya hue| inameM asaMga, vasubandhu Adi prasiddha haiM / bauddhadarzana ke vijJAnavAdI - sampradAya kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jJAna to mAtra svaprakAzaka hai, ataH jJeya kI koI svatantra sattA nahIM hai| ekamAtra vijJAna ( cittadhArA) hI satya hai, bAhyArtha vijJAna kA hI pratibimba hai| laMkAvatArasUtra meM kahA gayA hai- dRzyaM na vidyate bAhyaM cittaM citraM hi dRzyate, dehayoga pratiSThAnaM cittamAtraM vadAmyaham ( laMkAvatArasUtra 3/33)1, arthAt citta kI hI ekamAtra sattA hai| vijJAnavAdI bauddha - dArzanika dharmakIrti kA mAnanA hai ki citta hI ekamAtra sattA hai / dRzyamAn jagat usakA vikAra hai, vaha usase bhinna nahIM hai| nIlavarNa aura usake jJAna meM koI antara nahIM hai| yaha saMsAra usa vijJAna se pRthak padArtha nahIM hai, balki usI kA pariNAma hai / 588 - - ratnaprasUri kI samIkSA bauddhoM ke isa jJAnAdvaita yA bAhyArtha niSedhavAda kI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabhasUri likhate haiM- yadi jJAna se jJeya pRthak nahIM hai, to jJAna nirNaya kisakA karegA ? nirNayAtmaka hI hotA hai| yadi hama ekAntarUpa se yaha mAneMge ki jJAna hI pramANa hai aura jJeya kI koI svataMtra sattA nahIM hai, to jJAna anirNayAtmaka aura mAtra kAlpanika hI hogA aura anirNayAtmaka yA kAlpanika jJAna kyoMki pramANa to 588 sahopalabhyaniyamAdabhedo nIlatadviyoH / udghRta bauddha - pramANa - mImAMsA kI jaina- dRSTi se samIkSA pR. 356
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM A sktaa| isa AdhAra para pramANa anirNayAtmaka hogA, kyoMki viSaya ke jJAna ke binA sannikarSa Adi bhI ajJAnarUpa hI hote haiM aura jisa prakAra aparicita manuSya ke sAtha cakSu kA sannikarSa hone para bhI vaha kauna hai- aisA bodha nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra mAtra svaprakAzaka jJAna se jJeya kA bodha hI nahIM hogA aura jJeya ke abhAva meM jJAna apramANarUpa ho jaaegaa| dUsare, yadi hama ekAntarUpa se jJAna ko para - prakAzaka mAneMge aura sva-prakAzaka nahIM mAneMge, to bhI jJAna jJeya kA bodha karAne meM samartha nahIM rahegA / vastutaH, jJAna na kevala svaprakAzaka hai aura na kevala para - prakAzaka hai, apitu sva-para- prakAzaka hai, ataH, jJAna se bhinna jJeya kI sattA kA sarvathA niSedha bhI ucita nahIM hai / jJeya ke abhAva meM jJAna kisakA hogA ? dUsare, jJeya ke abhAva meM hone vAlA jJAna mAtra svaira ( svayaM kI ) kalpanA hogA, jise pramANarUpa nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, ataH, bAhyArtha kI sattA svIkAra karanA hogii| 588 bauddhoM ke pramANa aura pramANaphala kI ekAnta - abhinnatA ke siddhAMta kI samIkSA bauddhoM kA pUrvapakSa bhAratIya-darzana meM jahA~ naiyAyika-darzana pramANa aura pramANaphala meM ekAntabheda mAnatA hai, vahIM sAmAnyataH bauddhadarzana aura vizeSa rUpa se bauddha-vijJAnavAda pramANa aura pramANaphala ko ekAntarUpa se abhinna mAnatA hai / bauddha-vijJAnavAdI dArzanikoM kA kathana hai ki ajJAna - nivRttirUpa jo pramANa kA sAkSAt phala yA anantara phala hai, vaha pramANa se abhinna hI hai / isa prakAra,, bauddha - dArzanika jaina-darzana kI isa mAnyatA kI AlocanA karate haiM ki pramANa aura pramANaphala kathaMcit-bhinna aura kathaMcit - abhinna arthAt bhinnAbhinna hai| 501 590 $89 590 591 - jaina jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kA kahanA hai ki pramANa aura pramANaphala kI ekAnta - bhinnatA aura ekAnta - abhinnatA- donoM hI sAdhya ke abhAvarUpa hetu kI vRtti ke kAraNa vyabhicAra - doSa se yukta haiM / ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM kI samIkSA karate hue kahate haiM ki ajJAnanivRttirUpa jo pramANa kA ANGRAM 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 29 pramANavArttika 2 / 320-325 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 11, 12 375
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________________ 376 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA anantara yA sAkSAt phala hai, vaha pramANa ke sAtha hI prakaTa hone se abhinna hai- aisA bauddhoM kA mata bhI vyabhicAra-doSa se yukta hai| 2 bauddha - yahA~ bauddha apane pakSa meM yaha tarka dete haiM ki jisa samaya citta meM pramANa-jJAna prakaTa hotA hai, usI samaya ajJAna kI nivRtti bhI ho jAtI hai| bauddha-dArzanika apane pakSa kI puSTi meM kahate haiM ki jisa samaya yaha sarpa hai, rassI nahIM- aisA pramANa-jJAna prakaTa hotA hai, usI samaya sarpa saMbaMdhI ajJAnatA kA nivAraNa bhI ho jAtA hai, ataH, ajJAna-nivRttirUpa pramANaphala pramANa ke sAtha abhinna hI hai, kyoMki jJAna aura ajJAbha kI nivRtti- donoM eka hI kAla meM hotI hai| yadi pramANa aura pramANaphala bhinna ho, to una donoM ko bhinna-bhinna kAla meM honA cAhie aura yadi donoM kA kAla bhinna-bhinna ho, to usameM vyabhicAra-doSa AtA hai| jaina - bauddhoM ke isa maMtavya kI samIkSA karate hue jaina-dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri likhate haiM ki ajJAnanivRttirUpa pramANa kA sAkSAt phala Adi ekAnta-abhinna na mAnA jAegA, to vyabhicAra-doSa AegA- aisI bauddhoM kI zaMkA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha sarpa hai- aisA pramANabhUta jJAna sarpa ke ajJAna kI nivRttirUpa pramANaphala hone se kathaMcita-bhinna bhI hai, sarvathA abhinna nahIM hai, kyoMki jJAna ke hone aura ajJAna kI nivRtti meM kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha hai| kArya-kAraNa-saMbaMdha hone se sarvathA abhinna nahIM, apitu ve kathaMcit-bhinna aura kathaMcit-abhinna haiM, kyoMki yaha sarpa haiaisA jJAna prakaTa hone para sarpa saMbaMdhI ajJAna kI jo nivRtti hotI hai, vaha kArya hai aura kArya-kAraNa avazya hI paraspara kathaMcit-bhinna hote haiM, jaisekulhAr3I aura usake dvArA hone vAlI chedana-kriyA- donoM sAdhana-sAdhya rUpa hotI haiM, kiMtu ve paraspara bhinna hotI haiN| isI prakAra se, pramANabhUta jJAna aura pramANa ke phalarUpa ajJAna kI nivRtti sAdhya-sAdhanarUpa hone se de kathaMcita-bhinna bhI haiN| jaina-dArzanika bauddhoM se kahate haiM ki hama jaina pramANa aura pramANaphala meM ekAnta-bhinnatA yA ekAnta-abhinnatA nahIM mAnate haiM, apitu unameM kathaMcit-bhinnatA aura kathaMcit abhinnatA mAnate haiN|593 bauddha - isake pratyuttara meM, bauddha-dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki pramANa aura pramANaphala meM jo Apa jaina sAdhya-sAdhana-bhAva mAnate haiM, vaha yukti se siddha honA caahie| yadi Apa isa saMbaMdha meM koI bhI yukti 592 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 12 593 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 13
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA prastuta karane meM asamartha haiM, to phira Apa jainoM kA siddhAnta asiddha - hetvAbhAsa se grasita hogaa| 584 jaina jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri bauddha - dArzanikoM dvArA Aropita kie gae isa asiddha - hetvAbhAsa ke doSa kA nirAkaraNa karane hetu kahate haiM ki pramANa sAdhakatama kAraNa hone se sAdhana hI hai, sAdhya nahIM hai, kyoMki koI bhI kriyA kisI kArya kI sAdhaka hotI hai aura jo kriyA sAdhaka hotI hai, use sAdhana hI kahate haiM, jaise- chedana kI kriyA meM churI sAdhana hotI hai aura chedana sAdhya hotA hai, kintu isake sAtha hI chedana-kriyA bhI to sAdhana hotI hai, isI prakAra se pramANa sAdhana hai aura ajJAna - nivRtti sAdhya hai / pramANa ko sAdhana aura ajJAna - nivRttirUpa pramANaphala ko sAdhya mAnane para sAdhya meM hetu kI vRtti siddha hotI hai, ataH yahA~ siddha - hetvAbhAsa kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / pramANa aura pramANaphala ekAnta - abhinna nahIM haiM, kyoMki yadi ve ekAnta - abhinna hoM, to unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva yA sAdhya-sAdhana-bhAva saMbhava hI nahIM hogA / yadi pramANa aura pramANaphala meM pUrNa rUpa se tAdAtmya mAnA jAegA, to unameM kArya-kAraNa-bhAva nahIM rahegA aura aisI sthiti meM ativyApti-doSa hogaa| 585 bauddha isa para, bauddha - dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki eka hI vastu vyAvRtti kI apekSA se ubhayarUpa ho sakatI hai aura isa prakAra, pramANa- jJAna ko bhI vyAvRtti kI apekSA se pramANarUpa aura pramANaphala rUpa mAnA jA sakegA, kyoMki vyAvRtti kI apekSA se abhedarUpa mAnane para bhI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ghaTita ho sakatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, ghaTa meM aghaTa (paTAdi) aura amRda (jalAdi) kI vyAvRtti hone para bhI ghaTa ghaTarUpa aura mRttikArUpa- donoM ho sakatA hai, usI prakAra se pramANa aura pramANaphala meM vyAvRtti kI apekSA se abheda hone para bhI kArya-kAraNa-bhAva kI apekSA se bheda ho sakatA hai, jaise- mRttikA - pigDa ghaTa kA kAraNa hai aura ghaTarUpatA, arthAt ghaTa kArya hai | 96 377 jaina bauddhoM ke isa tarka para jaina- dArzanika ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki miTTI ke bane ghaTa meM aghaTa kI vyAvRtti se ghaTapanA (ghaTatva) aura amRd kI vyAvRtti se mRdpanA ( mRttikA rUpa ) hone para bhI jo abheda dekhA jAtA hai, 594 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 14 595 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 14, 15 'ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 15. 16 596
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA vaha svabhAva-bheda ke kAraNa hai, kyoMki mRttikA kAraNarUpa hai aura ghaTa kAryarUpa, mRttikA vyApaka hai aura ghaTa vyApya hai| isa prakAra, inameM svabhAva-bheda hone ke kAraNa kathaMcit-bheda bhI hai, sarvathA abheda nahIM hai, kyoMki ghaTa kA nAza hone para mRttikA kA nAza nahIM hotA hai| isa prakAra,, inameM svabhAva-bheda hai, ataH, pramANa aura pramANaphala meM bhI isI AdhAra para kathaMcit-bheda mAnane meM koI Apatti nahIM AtI hai, kyoMki isameM pramANa kAraNarUpa hai aura ajJAna - nivRtti kAryarUpa yA phalarUpa hai| isa prakAra, kArya-kAraNa kI apekSA se inameM kathaMcit-bheda bhI hai, kathaMcit - abheda bhI. hai, ataH, bauddhoM kA pramANa aura pramANaphala kI ekAnta - abhedatA kA siddhAMta samucita nahIM hai / pramANa se pramANaphala kathaMcit-bhinna aura kathaMcit-abhinna hai| unameM ekAnta - bhinnatA yA ekAnta - abhinnatA nahIM hai / isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki hama jainoM ke isa siddhAnta meM asiddha - hetvAbhAsa athavA vyabhicArI - hetvAbhAsa kA doSa nahIM AtA hai, kyoMki ajJAnanivRtti - yaha pramANa kA anantara phala hai tathA heya, jJeya, upAdeya aura buddhi kA honA - yaha paramparA - phala hai, ataH, pramANa aura pramANaphala meM kathaMcit-bheda aura kathaMcit - abheda mAnanA hI yuktisaMgata 1597 378 597 ratnAkarAvatArikA, bhAga III, ratnaprabhasUri, pR. 16, 17
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA adhyAya 17 upasaMhAra - bhAratIya - saMskRti ke do pramukha aMga haiM. 1. vaidika aura 2. zramaNa / bhAratIya-darzana meM jaina aura bauddha darzana zramaNa-saMskRti ke darzana haiM / ina donoM darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka-adhyayana yuga kI AvazyakatA hai| ina donoM darzanoM meM AcArazAstra ke siddhAMta - pakSa kI apekSA se bahuta kucha samAnatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiM, kintu jahA~ taka donoM kI tattva - mImAMsA aura jJAna-mImAMsA kA prazna hai, donoM meM hameM kucha samAnatAe~ aura kucha bhinnatAe~ parilakSita hotI haiN| apanI tattva-mImAMsA meM jaina-darzana aura bauddha-darzanadonoM ekAntavAda ke virodhI haiM- isa tathya ko paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA ne apane zodha - Alekha syAdvAda aura zUnyavAda meM bahuta prAmANikatA ke sAtha prastuta kiyaa| isI prakAra, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne bhI apane Alekha bauddha aura jaina-mImAMsA : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM bhI prastuta kiyaa| isa prakAra, jaina aura bauddha-darzana- donoM hI darzana ekAntavAdI - tattvamImAMsIya aura jJAna - mImAMsIya avadhAraNAoM kA virodha karate haiM, kintu phira bhI donoM ke ekAntavAda ke virodha meM eka mahatvapUrNa antara parilakSita hotA hai, vaha yaha hai ki jahA~ bauddha darzana ekAntavAda kA niSedha karake madhyama pratipadA kI bAta karatA hai, vahIM jaina-darzana ekAntavAda kA niSedha karake bhI apane anekAntavAda ke siddhAnta ke AdhAra para una paraspara virodhI ekAntavAdoM meM samanvaya prastuta karatA hai / buddha kA kahanA hai- "maiM na to zAzvatadAda kA pratipAdana karatA hU~ aura na ucchedavAda kA / " isa prakAra, bhagavAn buddha kA dRSTikoNa pramukha rUpa se ekAntavAda ko asvIkAra karane kA rahA hai| unhoMne yadyapi madhyama pratipadA kI bAta kahI hai, phira bhI unakI bhASA ekAntavAda ke sandarbha meM niSedhaparaka hI rahI hai, vahIM jaina- darzana ne apane anekAntavAda ke AdhAra para ekAntavAda ke madhya samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyA / buddha kA kahanA thA ki sattA na to nitya hai aura na anitya hai, jabaki jaina- darzana kA kahanA thA ki sattA nityAnitya hai / isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jaina- darzana aura bauddha darzana meM mUlabhUta dRSTi kI apekSA - 379
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________________ 380 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA prastutikaraNa kI zailI meM bhinnatA rahI hai| bhagavAn buddha ne madhyama pratipadA kA udghoSa karate hue use ekAntavAda ke niSedha ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA, jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne una ekAntavAda ke madhya samanvaya karane kA prayatna kiyaa| isa prakAra, donoM darzanoM meM prastutikaraNa kI zailI kA antara hone se kahIM samAnatAe~ aura kahIM virodha parilakSita hotA hai, kintu isa sandarbha meM paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA, DaoN. sAgaramala jaina Adi kI mAnyatA yaha rahI hai ki adhikAMza virodha zailIgata rUpa meM hI hai, tAttvika-rUpa meM adhika virodha nahIM hai| hamane isI dRSTi ko lekara prastuta zodha-grantha meM, ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha-darzana kI jo samIkSA prastuta kI gaI hai, usake mUlyAMkana kA prayatna kiyaa| apane adhyayana meM maiMne yaha pAyA hai ki bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA karate hue ratnAkarAvatArikA meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne bhI bauddhoM ko ekAnta-kSaNikavAdI, vijJAnAdvaitavAdI, zUnyAdvaitavAdI, bAhyArtha-niSedhavAdI mAnakara hI unakI samIkSA kI hai| mere zodha-nirdezaka DaoN. sAgaramala jaina kI bhI mAnyatA yahI hai ki jaina aura jainetara AcAryoM ne bauddha-darzana ko usake samyak pariprekSya meM samajhane kA prayatna nahIM kiyA aura usake siddhAntoM ko ekAntavAdI mAnakara hI unakI samIkSA kI hai, kintu mere adhyayana kA viSaya ratnaprabhasUri kI ratnAkarAvatArikA meM prastuta bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA rahA hai, isalie unake isa grantha meM prastuta dRSTikoNa ko hI AdhAra banAkara mujhe una samasyAoM kA prastutikaraNa karanA par3A hai| yadyapi aneka prasaMgoM meM maiMne yaha nirdezita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki bauddha-darzana ke ina siddhAntoM ko ekAntavAdI mAnakara hI samIkSAeM kI gaI haiM, jabaki vAstavika sthiti aisI nahIM hai, phira bhI granthagata adhyayana hone se grantha ke prati prAmANikatA ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI prastuta adhyayana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki merA lakSya yahI rahA hai ki granthakAra ne use jisa rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai, use usI rUpa meM prastuta kiyA jAe aura isI dRSTi ko lakSya meM rakhakara maiM isa zodhakArya meM pravRtta huI hai, kyoMki merA lakSya yahI batAnA rahA hai ki ratnaprabhasUri ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha-darzana ko kisa rUpa meM prastuta kara usakI samIkSA karate haiN| ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA kI racanA pramANanayatattvAloka ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM ko spaSTIkaraNa karane ke lie hI kI thii| isakA racanAkAla lagabhaga bArahavIM zatAbdI hai| yaha yuga darzanoM ke paraspara khaMDana-maMDana kA rahA hai, ataH, yaha saubhAgya thA ki ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddha-darzana ke khaMDana kI dRSTi se hI isa grantha kI racanA kI thii|
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 381 bhAratIya-dArzanika- cintana meM lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatAbdI se lekara pandrahavIM zatAbdI kA kAla mukhya rUpa se paraspara khaMDana-maMDana kA hI rahA hai| yadyapi isa kAla meM haribhadra jaise kucha aise dArzanika bhI hue haiM, jinhoMne isa khaMDana-maMDana meM bhI samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko apanAyA hai, kintu prastuta grantha ratnAkarAvatArikA meM samanvaya kI apekSA samIkSA hI mukhya lakSya rahA hai, ataH, ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddha-avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA ko hI apanA lakSya banAyA thaa| ratnaprabhasUri kI ratnAkarAvatArikA lagabhaga bArahavIM zatI kI racanA hone ke kAraNa isameM, bauddha-darzana kA bhArata meM gagarahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI taka jo bhI vikAsa huA thA, usI ko AdhAra banAyA gayA hai aura isa dRSTi se prastuta grantha meM vasubandhu, diGnAga Adi kI apekSA dharmakIrti, dharmottara, arcaT Adi ke matoM ko hI vizeSa rUpa se ullekhita kiyA gayA prastuta zodha-prabandha ke prathama adhyAya meM hamane jaina-pramANazAstra kI vikAsa-yAtrA ko nirdezita karate hue jaina-darzana ke vikAsa ke cAra yugoM kA vizeSa rUpa se ullekha kiyA hai- 1. Agama-yuga, 2. anekAntasthApanA-yuga yA darzana-yuga 3. nyAyayuga aura 4. nvynyaay-yug| yadyapi isa adhyAya meM hameM apane adhyayana ke daurAna yaha jJAta huA hai ki bauddha-darzana ke nirdeza aura samIkSA to Agama-yuga se hI prAraMbha ho jAtI hai, kintu Agama-yuga meM prAraMbhika bauddha-darzana ke saMdarbha, yathA- kSaNikavAda, paMcaskandhavAda, santAnavAda Adi siddhAntoM ke hI nirdeza haiN| punaH, AgamoM meM inakI koI gahana samIkSA bhI hameM nahIM milatI hai| mAtra, ye siddhAnta ucita nahIM haiM- aisA kahakara hI unako asvIkRta kara diyA gayA hai| usake pazcAt, jaba hama anekAntasthApanayuga yA darzanayuga meM Ate haiM to usa kAla ke granthoM meM yadyapi bauddha-darzana ko ekAnta-kSaNikavAdI, anAtmavAdI Adi mAnakara hI usakI samIkSA karate hue anekAnta kI dRSTi se unheM kaise susaMgata banAyA jA sakatA hai, usakI carcA kI hai| AcArya siddhasena, samantabhadra, haribhadra Adi ne bauddha-darzana ke ina siddhAntoM ko ekAntavAdI mAnakara, anekAnta kI dRSTi se unheM kisa prakAra susaMgata banAyA jA sakatA hai, usakI carcA kI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne RjusUtranaya kI apekSA se bauddha-darzana ke kSaNikavAda kA sthAna svIkAra karate hue bhI use RjusUtranaya kI apekSA ucita kahA hai| isI prakAra, AcArya haribhadra ne bauddha-darzana ke kSaNikavAda, anAtmavAda Adi kI zAstravArtA-samuccaya meM samIkSA karate hue use tRSNA ke uccheda kA ucita
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________________ 382 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA mArga batAyA hai| anekAntasthApanayuga yA darzanayuga ke granthoM meM bauddha-darzana ke sarvAstivAdI, vijJAnavAdI, zUnyavAdI Adi matoM kA nirdeza to huA hai aura kvacita rUpa se unakI samIkSA kI gaI, phira bhI una samIkSAoM meM dArzanika-gaharAI apekSAkRta kama pratIta hotI hai| vastutaH, gahana dArzanika-samIkSAeM tarkayuga yA nyAyayuga kA hI kArya rahA hai| isa kAla meM pUrvapakSa ko samIkSA kI dRSTi se hI sthApita karake usakA khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| vastutaH, yaha kArya usa yuga kI bhArata kI sabhI dArzanika-paraMparAoM ne samIkSAtmaka-granthoM ko likhakara kiyA hai| hamArA samIkSya-grantha ratnAkarAvatArikA bhI isI kA grantha hai aura isIlie isameM bauddha-darzana kI vibhinna mAnyatAoM kI unake pUrvapakSa ko sthApita karate hue gaharAI se samIkSA kI gaI hai| prastuta adhyAya meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA ke vikAsa-krama ko spaSTa karate hue yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ki siddhasena ke nyAyAvatAra meM tathA kucha dvAtriMzikAoM meM, mallavAdikRta dvAdazAranayacakra meM, tattvArthasUtra kI pUjyapAda devanaMdI, siddhasenagaNi, akalaMka, vidyAnaMdI Adi kI TIkAoM meM, samantabhadra kI AptamImAMsA, haribhadra ke anekAnta-jayapatAkA, SaDdarzana-samuccaya, akalaMka ke laghIyastraya-nyAyavinizcaya, vidyAnaMdI kI aSTasahasrI, pAtrakesarI ke trilakSaNakadartha, vAdirAjasUri ke nyAyavinizcaya-nirNaya, prabhAcaMda ke prameyakamala-mArtaNDa, hemacaMdra kI pramANamImAMsA evaM anyayogavyavacchedikA, malliSeNa kI syAdvAdamaMjarI nAmaka TIkA aura gaNaratna kI SaDdarzanasamuccaya kI TIkA Adi meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA kisa rUpa meM prastuta hai, isakA saMkSipta ullekha karate hue yaha batAyA gayA hai ki Agamayuga se lekara tarkayuga taka jaina-dArzanika kisa prakAra bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA karate rahe haiN| prastuta kRti ke dvitIya adhyAya meM hamane ratnaprabhakRta ratnAkarAvatArikA aura usake kartA kA paricaya diyA hai| isa adhyAya meM hamane sarvaprathama yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki jaina-nyAya ke granthoM meM ratnAkarAvatArikA kA kyA sthAna hai| saMkSepa meM yadi hama kaheM, to digambara-paramparA meM prameyakamala-mArtaNDa aura zvetAmbara-paramparA meM syAdvAdaratnAkara ko chor3akara jaina-nyAya kI jo bhI zreSThatama kRtiyA~ nirmita huI haiM, unameM ratnAkarAvatArikA ko sarvopari kahA jA sakatA hai| isI krama meM, prastuta adhyAya meM hamane ratnAkarAvatArikA ke kartA ratnaprabhasUri, unakI guru-paramparA aura unake kAla kA nirdhAraNa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai aura
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 383 yaha sunizcita kiyA hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA IsvI san kI bArahavIM zatAbdI kA eka mahatvapUrNa grantha hai| isI krama meM, hamane Age ratnAkarAvatArikA kI viSaya-vastu kA bhI saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA hai aura usameM hamane yaha dekhane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki ratnAkarAvatArikA apane yuga ke sabhI dArzanika-prasthAnoM, yathA- nyAya-vaizeSika, mImAMsA, vaiyAkaraNika, bauddha evaM vedAMtoM ke matoM kI samIkSA prastuta karatI hai, phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki bauddha-darzana kI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM kI dArzanika-samIkSA hameM ratnAkarAvatArikA meM jitane vistAra se milatI hai, vaisI anyatra alpa hI hai| agrima adhyAyoM meM hamane kramazaH bauddha-darzana ke kSaNikavAda, santativAda, anAtmavAda, zabdArtha-saMbaMdha, apohavAda, nirvikalpa-pratyakSa, pratyabhijJA evaM tarka kI apramANatA, zravaNendriya kI aprApyakAritA, pratyakSa kI nirvikalpatA, sAmAnya kI kAlpanikatA, hetu ke trilakSaNa, zUnyavAda, vijJAnavAda kI bAhyArtha ke niSedha Adi avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA kI hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki prastuta kRti meM vibhinna bhAratIya-darzanoM kI dArzanika avadhAraNAoM kA jahA~ bhI jaina-darzana se matabheda rahA hai, vahA~ unake pUrvapakSa ko vistAra ke sAtha upasthita karake unakI samIkSA kI hai| isa prakAra, yaha grantha na kevala jaina-darzana ke saMbaMdha meM hameM jAnakArI pradAna karatA hai, apitu vividha bhAratIya-dArzanika-avadhAraNAoM aura dArzanika-matoM ko pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM prastuta kara unakI samIkSA bhI karatA hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA kI yaha bhI vizeSatA rahI hai ki isameM anya darzanoM ke pUrvapakSa ko sthApita karate hue pUrI prAmANikatA kA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai, sAtha hI unake pUrvapakSa kI sthApanA meM saMbhAvita aura bhI kyA tarka ho sakate haiM, unheM bhI vistArapUrvaka prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra, yaha grantha na kevala jaina-nyAyazAstra bana gayA hai, apitu samagra bhAratIya-nyAyazAstra kA bhI eka mahatvapUrNa grantha bana gayA hai| prastuta zodhagrantha ke tRtIya adhyAya meM bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda kI samIkSA kI gaI hai tathA kSaNikavAda aura saMtAnavAda ko eka-dUsare kA pUraka batAyA gayA hai| jahA~ kSaNikavAda nadI kI dhArA kI taraha vastu kI parivartanazIlatA ko batAtA hai, vahIM saMtAnavAda pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa kI vastu ke sApekSika-sAdRzya ko bhI spaSTa karatA hai| bauddhoM kA saMtAnavAda to unake kSaNikavAda kA hI eka pUraka pakSa hai, jo parivartana ke bIca bhI
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________________ 384 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA sAdRzyatA kI sthApanA karatA hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM kSaNikavAda aura saMtAnavAda- ina donoM siddhAntoM kI jo samIkSA kI gaI hai, vaha vastu ko ekAMta kSaNika mAnakara hI kI gaI hai| yaha satya hai ki kSaNikavAda saMtAnavAda ke sAtha milA huA hai, lekina jJAtavya to yaha hai ki jahA~ kSaNikavAda vastu kI parivartanazIlatA ko sUcita karatA hai, vahIM saMtAnavAda isa parivartanazIlatA ke bIca rahI huI sadRzatA ko prastuta aura spaSTa bhI karatA hai, jisase vastu jaisI hai vaisI hI arthAt 'vahI pratIta hotI hai| ina donoM siddhAntoM ko jaba hama eka sAtha dekhate haiM, to yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve jaina-darzana dvArA mAnya vastu kI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmakatA ko hI prastuta kara rahe haiN| unakA santAna kI sAdRzyatA kA siddhAnta vastutaH sApekSika-dhrauvyAtmakatA kA hI sUcaka hai| yadyapi unake anusAra yaha sAdRzyatA pUrNa sAdRzyatA na hokara mAtra sAdRzyatA kA AbhAsa hI hai, phira bhI pUrvakSaNa aura uttarakSaNa ko jor3ane vAlA bauddha-darzana meM yadi koI AdhAra hai, to vaha saMtAnavAda hI hai| isa prasaMga meM jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM kI AlocanA ekAnta-kSaNikavAda mAnakara hI kI hai, jabaki bauddha ekAnta-kSaNikavAdI nahIM haiM, kintu phira bhI yaha satya hai ki bauddha-granthoM meM vastu kI kSaNikatA kI yaha dhAraNA adhika mukhara hokara prakaTa huI hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki anya dArzanikoM ne unheM ekAnta-kSaNikavAdI yA ucchedavAdI mAnakara hI unakI AlocanA kI hai| bhagavAna buddha ne sadaiva hI ekAnta-ucchedavAda kA virodha kiyA thaa| ve spaSTa rUpa se kahate the ki maiM na to ucchedavAdI hU~ aura na zAzvatavAdI, ataH, bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda aura saMtativAda ko milAkara dekhanA hogaa| yadi hama aisA kareMge, to jaina-darzana aura bauddha-darzana meM vaha dUrI nahIM raha jAegI, jaisI sAmAnyatayA samajhI jAtI hai| bauddhoM kA santativAda vastutaH jainoM ke utpAda-vyaya ke madhya rahe hue sApekSika-dhrauvya kA apanI dRSTi se kiyA huA rUpAntaraNa hI hai| isa zodha-prabandha ke caturtha adhyAya meM tripiTaka-sAhitya meM prastuta anAtmavAda ke svarUpa ko sUcita karate hue yaha darzAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki bauddha-anAtmavAda unakI dRSTi se samIcIna hai| bauddha-anAtmavAda kA artha AtmA nahIM hai- yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai| bhagavAn buddha ne 'kUTasthanitya AtmA kA niSedha kiyA thaa| ve pariNAmI yA tarala AtmA ko to svIkAra karate hI haiN| buddha kA spaSTa nirNaya thA- AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM na maiM zAzvatavAda ko mAnatA hU~ aura na hI ucchedavAda ko mAnatA huuN| anAtmA kA artha AtmA nahIM hai- aisA kahanA vastuta: ucchedavAda kA samarthana karanA
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 385 hI hai, jo bhagavAna buddha ko mAnya nahIM thA, kyoMki unake anusAra AtmA satata parivartanazIla hai| jahA~ jaina-darzana parivartanazIla AtmaparyAyoM kI bAta karatA hai, vahIM bauddha-darzana cittadhArA ko svIkAra karatA hai, jo satata parivartanazIla hai| jaina-darzana ke samAna hI bauddha-darzana bhI yaha to mAnatA hI hai ki paryAya kI cittadhArA se pRthaka Atmadravya kI koI sattA nahIM hai| ise bauddha-darzana isa prakAra, kahatA hai ki citta-paryAyoM arthAta caittasika avasthAoM se bhinna AtmA nAmaka koI tattva nahIM hai| unake darzana meM parivartanazIla santatirUpa cittadhArA se pRthaka koI AtmA nahIM hai| isa prakAra, bauddhoM ke anAtma kA artha kaTasthanitya AtmA kA niSedha hai| DaoN. sAgaramala jaina ne 'anAtma kA artha 'saMsAra meM aisA kucha bhI nahIM hai, jise apanA mAnA jA sake kiyA hai, jo samatva yA tRSNA ke uccheda ke lie Avazyaka hai, kintu yahA~ hama yaha dekhate haiM ki bauddha-dArzanikoM kI AtmA kI avadhAraNA ko ratnaprabhasUri Adi jaina-dArzanikoM ne unake mUla artha meM grahaNa na kara AtmocchedavAda yA anAtmavAda ke rUpa meM grahaNa karake hI usakI vistRta samIkSA kI hai| jaina-darzana aura bauddha-darzana meM mAtra antara yaha hai ki bauddhoM ne jise cittadhArA kahA hai, use jainoM ne AtmaparyAya mAnA hai| jaina-darzana AtmA ko nityAnitya mAnatA hai, jabaki bauddha-darzana use anitya kahakara santoSa kara letA hai, yahI donoM kA antara hai| ratnaprabhasUri ne use Atma-niSedha ke artha meM jo grahaNa kiyA, vaha samucita to nahIM thA, kintu samIkSA hetu usake pAsa yahI ekamAtra vikalpa thA, jisakI vistRta carcA hamane prastuta adhyAya meM kI hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA nAmaka prastuta zodha-prabandha ke paMcama adhyAya meM sarvaprathama Adi-vAkya ke prayojana meM nihita zabdArtha-saMbaMdha ko lekara ratnaprabhasUri ne eka ora bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara dvArA sthApita zabda aura artha meM sambandha ke abhAva kI carcA kI hai, vahIM mImAMsakoM ke zabda aura artha ke tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha kI bhI samIkSA kI hai, sAtha hI naiyAyikoM ke tadutpatti-saMbaMdha kI bhI samIkSA kI hai, vahIM isa grantha meM bauddhoM ke anusAra zabda aura artha meM koI saMbaMdha nahIM hone kI bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara kI mAnyatA ko pUrvapakSa banAkara usakI samIkSA kI gaI hai| ratnaprabha dharmottara kI mAnyatA kA bhI khaNDana karate haiM ki zabda aura artha meM jainoM dvArA mAnya vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha bhI nahIM hai, kintu ratnaprabhasUri ne usakA khaNDana kara jainoM ko mAnya vAcya vAcaka-saMbaMdha kI puSTi kI hai
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________________ 386 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA aura isa saMbaMdha meM dharmottara kI sabhI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna bhI kiyA hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha mAne binA parapakSa kA khaNDana evaM svapakSa kA maNDana bhI sambhava nahIM hogaa| zabda aura artha ke madhya tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha aura tadutpatti-saMbaMdha kI samIkSA meM jahA~ ratnaprabhasUri bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ke tarkoM kA samarthana karate hue pratIta hote haiM, vahIM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha kI samIkSA meM ratnaprabha bauddha-dArzanika dharmottara ko hI pUrvapakSa banAkara tathA svayaM jaina-darzana ko uttarapakSa banAkara vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha kI siddhi karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki kisI bhI grantha kI racanA kA prayojana zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha mAne binA siddha nahIM hogA, ataH, zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha mAnanA to Avazyaka hI hai, anyathA Apa bauddha-dArzanikoM ne jo apane darzana ke grantha banAe haiM aura jaina tathA anya-dArzanikoM kA jo khaNDana kiyA hai, usakI bhI koI sArthakatA nahIM hogii| isa zodhagrantha ke SaSTha adhyAya meM ratnAkarAvatArikA ke caturtha pariccheda meM zabdArtha-saMbaMdha ko lekara vibhinna dArzanika-matoM (naiyAyikoM, bauddhoM aura jainoM) meM jo matabheda haiM, unheM spaSTa karate hue bauddha-darzana ke apohavAda kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki bauddha-dArzanikoM dvArA apohavAda mukhyataH zabda aura usake vAcyArtha ko spaSTa karane ke uddezya se hI prastuta kiyA gayA hai, ataH, ratnAkarAvatArikA meM AcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddhoM ke apohavAda kA tArkika-dRSTi se prastutikaraNa karake usakA khaMDana kiyA hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM ratnaprabhasUri sarvaprathama naiyAyikoM ke zabdArtha-saMbaMdha kI samIkSA ke pazcAt bauddhoM ke apohavAda kI samIkSA karate haiN| bauddhoM ke samakSa mImAMsA kA zabda aura artha ke tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha kA siddhAnta aura naiyAyikoM kA tadutpatti kA siddhAnta upasthita thA, kintu bauddhoM kI kaThinAI yaha thI ki zabda aura artha meM na to ve tAdAtmya-saMbaMdha ko svIkAra kara sakate the aura na hI tadutpatti-saMbaMdha ko svIkAra kara sakate the, kyoMki ye donoM hI saMbaMdha tArkika-dRSTi se unheM sadoSa hI pratIta ho rahe the| yaha bhI nizcita hI hai ki dharmottara, prajJAkara Adi bauddha-cintakoM ke samakSa jainoM kA vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha bhI upasthita rahA hI hogA, kintu unakA kSaNikavAda kA siddhAnta isake bhI virodha meM jAtA thaa| yadi bauddhoM ke anusAra sattA kSaNika hai, to aisI sthiti meM zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha bhI saMbhava nahIM hai| yadi zabda kisI 'jAti
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 387 (sAmAnya) kA vAcaka hai, to usa jAti ko to kSaNajIvI nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, ataH, zabda sAmAnya yA jAti kA vAcaka hai- yaha kahanA bhI bauddha-dArzanikoM ke lie ayuktisaMgata thaa| unakI dRSTi meM sAmAnya yA 'jAti' bhI kAlpanika hI hai, vaha bhAvAtmaka nahIM ho sakatI hai, ataH, unake lie niSedha-rUpa apoha kI kalpanA hI samucita thii| yadyapi bauddha-dArzanika zabda meM vAcaka-zakti ko cAhe avyakta rUpa se svIkAra bhI kara leM, kintu unakI samasyA yaha hai ki zabda kA vAcya-viSaya to kSaNika, niraMza aura svalakSaNarUpa hai, jise kisI bhI sthiti meM vAcaka nahIM banAyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jisa zabda dvArA use vAcya banAyA jAegA, usake uccAraNakAla meM hI vaha to naSTa ho jAegA, ataH, kSaNika aura niraMza svalakSaNa meM saMketa grahaNa honA saMbhava nahIM hai, sAtha hI jaba bauddhoM ke anusAra sAmAnya bhI kAlpanika hai, to kAlpanika sAmAnya meM bhI zabda-saMketa kA grahaNa saMbhava nahIM hai, kyoMki sAmAnya avasturUpa hone se arthakriyA meM samartha nahIM hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAe ki zabda asaMketika-artha ko vAcya banAte haiM, to yaha kathana bhI AtmavirodhI siddha hogaa| aisI sthiti meM, bauddhoM kI yaha majabUrI thI ki ve kevala yaha mAneM ki zabda anya kA apoha yA niSedha-mAtra karatA hai| vastutaH, bauddhoM kA yaha anyApoha kA siddhAMta unake kSaNikavAda kA hI tArkika-pratiphalana thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki jaina-dArzanika akalaMka, vidyAnaMdI, vAdidevasUri, ratnaprabhasUri Adi ne apohavAda kA nirasana kara yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki zabda 'go 'agoM kI nivRtti karane ke sAtha hI usake gotva kA pratipAdana bhI karatA hai, isalie zabda kA vAcya-viSaya sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka pariNAmI-nitya vastu hI hai- aisA mAnanA hI ucita hogaa| jaisA ki hama pUrva meM saMketa kara cuke haiM ki ratnakIrti Adi kucha bauddha-dArzanikoM ne bhI anyApoha ko kevala niSedharUpa na mAnakara vidhi-niSedharUpa mAnA hai, kyoMki yadi anyApoha ko ekAntarUpa se niSedhaparaka hI mAnA jAegA, tI zabda se jana-sAdhAraNa kI artha meM pravRtti bhI saMbhava nahIM hogI, anyathA zabda kA uccAraNa jisa artha meM pravRtti karane ke lie kiyA gayA, usake naSTa ho jAne se usakI pravRtti anya artha meM hogI, isIlie jaina-dArzanikoM ne zabda aura artha meM vAcya-vAcaka-saMbaMdha mAnate hue yaha mAnA hai ki zabda apane artha ke pratipAdana meM vidhi-niSedharUpa hotA hai| isa saMdarbha meM, DaoN. dharmacaMda jaina kA nimna kathana hI hameM adhika upayukta jAna par3atA hai, ve likhate haiM ki 'yaha mAnanA upayukta hogA ki pratyeka zabda jisa prakAra vidhi-artha kA vAcaka hotA hai,
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________________ 388 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA usI prakAra vaha usase anya kA apoha bhI karatA hai, yA anya kA apoha yA atad kI vyAvRtti karatA huA vidhi yA tad kA vAcaka bhI hotA hai, kyoMki mAtra anyApoha se zabda dvArA vivakSita vastu kA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA hai| anyApoha meM anavasthA-doSa AtA hai aura kahIM na kahIM jAkara zabda kA koI vAcya-artha mAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai| kevala zabda kA vidhiparaka artha hI mAnanA bhI paryApta nahIM hai, kyoMki tadabhinna kI vyAvRtti karake hI koI zabda apane vAcya artha kA samyaka jJAna karA sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| isa prakAra, prastuta adhyAya meM anyApohavAdI samIkSA karate hae zabda kA samyak vAcyArtha kyA ho sakatA hai- isakA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isa zodhagrantha ke saptama adhyAya meM bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA kI gaI hai, kyoMki bauddha pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa svIkAra karate haiN| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki unake yahA~ jaina-darzana ke samAna 'darzana' arthAt nirvikalpa anubhUti kA aura jJAna arthAt savikalpa vastu-bodha kA- aisA dvividha-vargIkaraNa nahIM thA, isalie unhoMne pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa aura anumAna ko savikalpa maanaa| jisa prakAra jaina-dArzanika 'darzana' ko mAtra anubhUtirUpa tathA anabhilApya mAnate haiM, usI prakAra bauddhoM ne bhI pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa aura anabhilApya mAnA hai| vastutaH, bauddha-darzana kA 'pratyakSa jaina-darzana kA 'darzana' hI hai| antara yaha hai ki jahA~ jaina-darzana 'darzana ko sAmAnya yA jAti kI anubhUtirUpa mAnatA hai, vahIM bauddha-dArzanika use jAti Adi kI kalpanA se bhI rahita mAnate haiN| bauddha-dArzanika pratyakSa ko mAtra nirvikalpa hI kahate haiM, jabaki jaina-dArzanika 'darzana' ko sAmAnya kI anubhUtirUpa mAnate haiM, kintu bauddhoM ke anusAra to sAmAnya mAtra kAlpanika hai, ataH, unake anusAra pratyakSa mAtra nirvikalpa anubhUti se anya kucha bhI nahIM hai| jaina-dArzanikoM ne bauddhoM ke pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA kI samIkSA isalie kI ki yadi pratyakSa nirvikalpa hai aura nAma, jAti Adi kI kalpanA se rahita hai, to phira vaha nizcayAtmaka yA vyavasAyAtmaka nahIM hogA aura jo bodha vyavasAyAtmaka yA nizcayAtmaka nahIM hotA hai, aise bodha ko pramANa kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai| bauddhoM ke samakSa kaThinAI yaha bhI thI ki kSaNikavAda kI mAnyatA ke anusAra, sampUrNa sattA to kSaNika hai aura kSaNika hone ke kAraNa jaba taka usake svarUpa kA nizcaya hogA, taba
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 389 taka to vaha badala jaaegii| pratyakSa ko to mAtra vartamAnakAlIna hI kahA gayA hai, ataH, jo kSaNika hai, usakI mAtra vartamAna kSaNa meM anubhUti hI saMbhava ho sakatI hai aura usake svarUpa kA nirNaya to kAlAntara meM hI hotA hai aura isIlie svarUpa-nirNaya to mAtra anumAnarUpa hI ho sakatA hai| vikalpa mAtra anumAna meM hI saMbhava hai, kyoMki bauddha-darzana kA mAnanA hai ki vikalpa to Aropita haiM, ataH, ve kSaNika vastu yA sattA kA sparza nahIM kara sakate haiN| bauddha-darzana meM jo pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa mAnA gayA hai, usakA mUla AdhAra unakA vastusat ko niHsvabhAva mAnanA hI hai| jo niHsvabhAta hai, usameM nAma, jAti Adi kI kalpanA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| bauddhoM ne apanI jJAna-mImAMsA ko tattva-mImAMsA para hI AdhArita rakhA thA aura isalie unake pAsa pratyakSa ko nirvikalpa mAnane ke atirikta anya koI vikalpa bhI nahIM thA, jabaki jaina-darzana ke anusAra, vastusata sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hotA hai, sAtha hI pariNAmI (parivartanazIla) hokara bhI nitya hotA hai, ataH, unake lie pratyakSa ko nizcayAtmaka mAnA jA sakatA thaa| yahI kAraNa thA ki jainoM ne pratyakSa ko nizcayAtmaka mAnakara bauddhoM ke nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI samAlocanA kI hai| vastutaH, jaina-darzana aura bauddha-darzana kI tattva-mImAMsIya avadhAraNAe~ bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH, unakI pramANa-mImAMsA meM aisA aMtara AnA svAbhAvika hai, to bhI yadi hama bauddhoM kI tattva-mImAMsA ko AdhAra mAnakara pramANa-mImAMsIya nirNaya leMge, to ve cAhe unakI dRSTi se satya hoM, tArkika-dRSTi se nirdoSa hoMge, jabaki jaina-dArzanikoM ke pramANa-mImAMsIya nirNaya bhI samyaka tattva-mImAMsIya AdhAra para khar3e hone ke kAraNa adhika samIcIna pratIta hote haiN| jaina-darzana aura bauddha-darzana ke tattvamImAMsIya AdhAra bhinna-bhinna haiM, ataH, unakI pramANa-mImAMsA meM jo antara dekhA jAtA hai, vaha svAbhAvika hI hai| vastutaH, bauddhoM ne jisa nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI avadhAraNA ko prastuta kiyA hai, vaha unakI tattva-mImAMsA kI hI pariNati hai, jabaki jainoM ne jo unake nirvikalpa-pratyakSa kI samAlocanA kI hai, vaha jainoM kI tattva-mImAMsIya avadhAraNA para AdhArita hai, ataH, donoM ko apane-apane pariprekSya meM hI samajhane kA prayatna kiyA jAnA caahie| isa saMdarbha meM DaoN. dharmacaMda jaina kA maMtavya vizeSa rUpa se dRSTavya hai| ve likhate haiM- 'zuddha pratyakSa kI dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA jAe, to bauddha-sammata nirvikalpa-pratyakSa samIcIna pratIta hotA hai, kintu pramANa dvArA arthakriyA meM pravRtti yA heyopAdeya ke jJAna kI dRSTi se yadi vicAra kiyA .
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________________ 390 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA jAe, to vaha sarvathA anupayogI evaM avyavahArya hai tathA jainasammata savikalpa-pratyakSa upayogI evaM vyavahArya pratIta hotA hai| bauddhadarzanasammata pratyakSa isalie avyavahArya evaM kAlpanika siddha hotA hai, kyoMki usakA viSaya sthUla evaM sthira dRSTigocara hone vAle padArtha nahIM, apita niraMtara gatizIla evaM sUkSma va asAdhAraNa svalakSaNa paramANu haiM, jinakA kisI bhI puruSa ko pratyakSa hotA huA dikhAI nahIM detA hai| isa prakAra, hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki nirvikalpa-pratyakSa, jise jainoM ne darzana kahA hai, vaha nizcaya hI pramANa-jJAna kA pUrvatattva hai aura usake binA savikalpa aura vyavasAyAtmaka-pratyakSa saMbhava bhI nahIM hotA hai, phira bhI yadi, nizcayAtmaka-jJAna hI pramANa hai- aisA mAnA jAe, to phira hameM nirvikalpa-pratyakSa ko avyavahArya yA apramANarUpa mAnanA hI hogA, kyoMki pramANa nizcayAtmaka hotA hai aura aisA nizcayAtmaka-nirNaya savikalpa yA vizeSa jJAna ke dvArA hI saMbhava hai| ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha-darzana kI samIkSA nAmaka prastuta zodhagrantha ke aSTama adhyAya meM sarvaprathama yaha batAyA gayA hai ki pramANa kI saMkhyA ko lekara jaina-darzana aura bauddha-darzana meM matabheda haiN| jahA~ bauddha-darzana, pratyakSa aura anumAna- aise do pramANa mAnatA hai, vahIM jaina-darzana prArambhika-kAla meM, pratyakSa aura parokSa- aise do pramANa hI mAnatA hai, kintu paravartIkAla meM pramANoM kI saMkhyA chaha mAnI gaI hai- 1. pratyakSa 2. smRti 3. pratyabhijJA 4. tarka 5. anumAna aura 6. Agama (shbd)| isI prakAra, bauddha darzana meM jainoM dvArA svIkRta smRti, pratyabhijJA, tarka aura Agama (zabda) ko pramANarUpa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM hamane isa bAta ko vistAra se jAnane kA prayatna kiyA hai ki bauddha-dArzanika kyoM smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANarUpa meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiM ? hamArI dRSTi meM isakA spaSTa kAraNa to bauddha-darzana kI tattva-mImAMsA hI hai| bauddha-dArzanika apanI jJAna-mImAMsA ko apanI tattva-mImAMsA ke AdhAra para hI upasthita karate haiN| jaba unake anusAra, sattA kSaNika hI hai, to aisI sthiti meM smRti aura pratyabhijJA kaise pramANa ho sakate haiM ? jisakI sattA eka kSaNa se adhika nahIM hai, usakI smRti kaise pramANarUpa ho sakatI hai ? isI prakAra, pratyabhijJA-pramANa meM 'yaha vahI hai- aisA jo bodha hotA hai, vaha tabhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai, jaba sattA meM kisI rUpa meM sthAyitva pohAnA jaae| jo utpanna hote hI vinaSTa ho gayA, "vaha vahI kaise ho sakatA hai ? vaha to anya hI hogA, ataH, smRti aura pratyabhijJA- ye donoM
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA pramANa sattA meM dhauvya-pakSa ko mAne binA saMbhava nahIM hote haiN| jise jaina- dArzanika smRti kahate haiM, bauddhoM ke anusAra vaha to mAtra citta - saMtati kA pravAha hai| dUsare, jaba bauddha - vijJAnavAdI - darzana bAhyArtha kI sattA kA hI niSedha karatA hai athavA jaba zUnyavAdI vastusat ko niHsvabhAva aura kSaNika mAnatA hai, to phira usake darzana meM smRti aura pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa nahIM ho sakate hai| smRti kA artha hai- kisa sat-tattva kI smRti; kintu jaba sat svataH hI parivartanazIla ho aura usakI sattA kSaNika ho, to usakI smRti kaise ho sakatI hai ? vizeSa rUpa se, jo jJAtA cinna hai, yadi vaha bhI dUsare kSaNa vahI nahIM rahatA ho, aisI sthiti meM bauddhoM ke lie yaha saMbhava hI nahIM thA ki ve smRti ko pramANarUpa svIkAra kreN| isI prakAra, jaba sattA do samaya bhI ekarUpa nahIM hotI hai, to phira 'yaha vahI hai- aisI pratyabhijJA bhI kaise saMbhava hogI ? pratyabhijJA meM to bhUtakAla meM anubhUta sat kI hI varttamAna meM anubhUta sat ke sAtha samAnatA Adi kA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai, ataH, bauddhoM ke kSaNikavAda aura saMtativAda meM smRti aura pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa nahIM ho skte| cU~ki isa prakAra, pramANa - carcA meM bauddha - dArzanika tattva - mImAMsA ke prati satyaniSTha rahe aura unhoMne smRti aura pratyabhijJA ko pramANarUpa mAnane se iMkAra kara diyA, isake viruddha jaina- dArzanika sat ko utpAda - vyayarUpa mAnane ke sAtha-sAtha dhrauvyAtmaka bhI mAnate haiM, isalie unake yahA~ ye donoM pramANa svIkRta kie ge| jahA~ taka tarka kI pramANatA kA prazna hai, bauddha-- dArzanika use bhI eka svataMtra pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM krte| saca to yaha hai ki tarka-pramANa kisI sArvakAlika aura sArvadezika- tathya kI kalpanA karatA hai, jisake AdhAra para vyApti - sambandha kA bodha hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, vaha sAmAnya ko svIkAra karatA hai aura vaha sAmAnya hI vyApti kA AdhAra hotA hai, jabaki bauddha darzana meM sAmAnya ko kevala vikalparUpa hI mAnA gayA hai| use ve paramArtha- sat ke rUpa meM svIkAra hI nahIM karate haiN| yadi sAmAnya ko hI svIkAra nahIM kiyA jAegA, to phira vyApti - sambandha ke sUcaka tarka yA Uha ko pramANarUpa kaise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddhoM ne to anumAna ko bhI kevala vyavahAra ke stara para hI pramANa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| jaba ve sAmAnya ko hI svIkAra nahIM karate haiM, to phira unake lie vyApti - sambandha, jo ki sAmAnya hI hai, vaha kaise pramANa ho sakatA hai aura aisI sthiti meM vyApti ko sthApita karane vAle tarka yA Uha kI pramANatA ko bhI kaise svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ataH, bauddha - dArzanikoM ne 391
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko jo pramANarUpa nahIM mAnA hai, usakA mukhya kAraNa unakI tattva - mImAMsA hI hai / punaH, jainoM ke lie smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANa mAnane kA kAraNa yaha thA ki naiyAyikoM ke samAna jainoM ne pratyakSa-pramANa ke bheda ke rUpa meM sAmAnya - lakSaNA pratyAsatti ko nahIM mAnA thA, isalie vyApti kI sthApanA ke lie unako tarka ko alaga se pramANa svIkAra karanA par3A aura tarka ko pramANarUpa svIkAra karane ke lie smRti aura pratyabhijJA kI pramANarUpatA Avazyaka thI, kyoMki smRti kI pramANatA ke abhAva meM pratyabhijJA pramANarUpa nahIM ho sakatI aura pratyabhijJA ko pramANarUpa hue binA tarka yA vyAptibodha pramANarUpa nahIM hotA aura binA vyApti - sthApana ke anumAna bhI pramANa nahIM hogA, isalie hamArI dRSTi meM jainoM dvArA smRti, pratyabhijJA aura tarka ko pramANarUpa mAnanA Avazyaka thaa| 392 prastuta zodhagrantha ke nauveM adhyAya meM bhAratIya - darzana meM prApyakAritva kI samasyA kI samIkSA meM pro. ambikAdatta zarmA likhate haiM ki prApyakAritva aura aprApyakAritva ko lekara bhAratIya darzana ke jaina, bauddha aura nyAya-vaizeSika prasthAnoM ke siddhAnta meM bhinnatA hai| yadyapi sAmAnyatayA sabhI dArzanika yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki indriyA~ apane-apane viSaya ko grahaNa karake hI jAnatI hai, kintu phira bhI yaha mUla prazna rahA hai ki kyA indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se nikaTastha rUpa meM saMsparza hotA hai ? yA ve dUra se hI unheM grahaNa kara letI haiM ? jahA~ eka ora nyAya-darzana pA~coM indriyoM aura mana ko prApyakArI mAnatA hai, vahIM jaina- darzana bhI mana evaM cakSu ke atirikta zeSa cAroM indriyoM ko prApyakArI mAnatA hai, ataH, jaina- dArzanikoM ne naiyAyikoM kI samIkSA mAtra cakSu - indriya kI prApyakAritA ke saMbaMdha meM kI hai, kintu dUsarI ora bauddha cakSu - indriya ke sAtha-sAtha zrotrendriya ko bhI aprApyakArI hI mAnate haiM, ataH, jainoM ne bauddhoM kI samIkSA zrotrendriya kI aprApyakAritA ke sambandha meM kI aura yaha siddha kiyA ki ghrANendriya evaM sparzanendriya ke samAna zrotrendriya bhI prApyakArI hai / isa saMdarbha meM, ratnaprabhasUri kA tarka yaha hai ki zabda loka meM prasArita hote haiM, ataH, zabda hI zrotrendriya se sambadhita hokara apanI anubhUti karAte haiM / dhvani taraMgoM kA Agamana zrotrendriya taka hotA hai aura isIlie zrotrendriya bhI prApyakArI hI hai / ratnaprabha ne yaha tarka diyA hai ki jisa taraha se sugandhita dravya eka sthAna para hokara bhI usakI gaMdha kA prasAraNa cAroM ora hotA hai, usI prakAra uccarita zabda bhI apane uccAraNa-sthAna se Age-Age dhvani taraMgoM ke rUpa meM jAte haiM aura zrotA
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI zrotrendriya kA sparza karake hI apanI anubhUti karAte haiN| saMyoga se, Aja vijJAna ne bhI dhvani taraMgoM ke prasarita hone kI bAta ko svIkAra kara liyA hai, ataH, jainoM kA yaha kathana ki zrotrendriya prApyakArI hai, vaijJAnika dRSTi se siddha ho jAtA hai / prastuta zodhagrantha ke dasaveM adhyAya meM ratnaprabhasUri ne bauddha-darzana ke sAmAnya ke svarUpa tathA use kAlpanika mAnane aura sAmAnya kA niSedha karake vizeSa kI sattA ko svIkAra karane kI samIkSA kI hai| bauddha-darzana sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra nahIM karatA tathA yaha mAnatA hai ki sAmAnya mAtra kAlpanika hai, anubhava meM hameM kevala vizeSa hI parilakSita hotA hai, ataH, ve sAmAnya ko kAlpanika mAnakara usakI sattA ko asvIkAra karate haiM aura mAtra vizeSa kI sattA ko hI mAnate haiN| isake viparIta, jaina- dArzanikoM kI mAnyatA yaha rahI hai ki pratyeka vastu sAmAnya- vizeSAtmaka hI rahI hai| vaha jAti yA samaSTi ke rUpa meM sAmAnya hai aura vyakti (vyaSTi) ke rUpa meM vizeSa hai| prastuta adhyAya meM ratnaprabhasUri ne pahale jAti yA sAdRzya ke AdhAra para sAmAnya kI sattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai aura usake pazcAt bauddhoM ke dvArA sAmAnya ko kAlpanika mAnane kI samIkSA kI hai aura yaha batAyA hai ki jAti yA sAmAnya AkAza - puSpa ke samAna nAstirUpa nahIM hai| 'yaha gAya hai, yaha gAya hai- isa prakAra, ke anugata - AkArarUpa sAmAnya ko asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vastu meM jo jAtigata guNa-dharma hai, vahI sAmAnya hai aura vaha mAtra kAlpanika nahIM hai / vastu meM jo sAdRzyatA kA bodha hotA hai, vaha sAmAnya ke kAraNa hI hotA hai, ataH, sAmAnya ko kAlpanika nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| manuSyatva gotva Adi mAtra kAlpanika nahIM haiN| prastuta adhyAya meM bauddha - dArzanikoM ne vastu ke kSaNika hone ke kAraNa jo sAmAnya kI sattA kA niSedha kiyA, vaha vastutaH ucita nahIM hai / parivartanoM ke madhya bhI eka aisA tattva rahatA hai, jo usa jAti kI sabhI vastuoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| cAhe koI manuSya dUsare manuSya se kitanA hI bhinna kyoM na ho, unameM kahIM na kahIM AkAragata sAdRzyatA hotI hI hai, ataH, sAmAnya kA na to ana - astitva hai aura na vaha kAlpanika hai / 393 isI prakAra, bauddha- dArzanika vizeSa kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiM, kintu jaina- dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki sAmAnya aura vizeSa - donoM sApekSa haiM / vastu sAmAnya - vizeSAtmaka hai| vastu meM sAmAnya aura vizeSa - donoM prakAra ke guNadharma pAe jAte haiN| eka hI varga kI vastuoM meM kucha sAdRzya
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________________ 394 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA aura kucha vaidRzya hotA hai, yaha sAdRzya hI sAmAnya hai aura vaidRzya hI vizeSa hai, ataH, vastu ko sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka mAnanA hI ucita hai| prastuta zodhagrantha ke gyArahaveM adhyAya meM bauddhoM ke trilakSaNa hetu evaM naiyAyikoM ke paMcalakSaNa hetu kI vivecanA hai| bhAratIya-darzana meM anumAna ke pA~ca aMga mAne jAte haiM- 1. sAdhya 2. hetu 3. dRSTAMta 4. upanaya 5. nigmn| anumAna ke ina pA~ca aMgoM meM sabase pramukha aMga hetu ko mAnA gayA hai| vastutaH, sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie hetu hI sabase mahatvapUrNa aMga hotA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM, parvata para agni ko siddha karane ke lie yaha kahA jAtA hai ki parvata para dhuA~ hai| dhUma ke hone para hI agni kI siddhi saMbhava hai, ataH, isa udAharaNa meM parvata pakSa hai, agni sAdhya hai aura dhuA~ hetu hai| prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya dArzanika anumAna ke lie hetu kI upalabdhi Avazyaka mAnate haiM, kintu usa hetu kA svarUpa yA lakSaNa kyA hai, isako lekara bhAratIya-darzana meM vivAda dekhA jAtA hai| nyAya-darzana hetu ke pA~ca lakSaNa mAnatA hai| usake anusAra, hetu ke pA~ca lakSaNa nimna haiM- 1. pakSa-dharmatva 2. sapakSasatva 3. vipakSAsatva 4. asat-pratipakSatva aura 5. abAdhita-viSayatva / naiyAyikoM ke viruddha bauddha-dArzanika hetu ko trairUpya lakSaNa vAlA mAnate haiN| bauddha-dArzanikoM ke anusAra hetu meM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva aura vipakSAsatvaye tIna lakSaNa hI Avazyaka haiN| vaizeSika darzana aura sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI heta ke inhIM tIna lakSaNoM ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi yaha bAta vivAdAspada hI hai ki trairUpya hetu kI avadhAraNA sarvaprathama kisane prastuta kI ? zvairavAtskI ke anusAra, vaizeSikoM kI apekSA bauddhoM ke trairUpya-lakSaNa kI kalpanA prAcIna hai, jabaki isake viruddha paM. sukhalAla saMghavI kA kahanA hai ki trairUpya lakSaNa kA pratipAdana vaizeSikoM ne hI kiyA thA, phira bhI itanA to nizcita hai ki hetu ke trairUpya lakSaNa kI prasiddhi mukhyataH bauddhoM ke saMdarbha meM hI hai| naiyAyikoM ke pa~carUpa hetu bauddhoM ke trairUpya hetu ke viruddha jainoM ne hetu kA eka hI lakSaNa mAnA hai| jaina-darzana ke anusAra, anyathAnupapatti hI hetu kA ekamAtra lakSaNa hai| jaina-darzana meM sarvaprathama siddhasena ne apane jaina-nyAya ke prathama graMtha nyAyAvatAra meM anyathAnupapatti ko hI hetu kA lakSaNa batAyA hai| jainoM ne apane anyathAnupapattirUpa hetu kI siddhi ke lie bauddhoM ke trairUpyalakSaNa kA khaMDana kiyA hai| sarvaprathama, jaina-dArzanika pAtrasvAmI ne bauddhoM ke trairUpyalakSaNa hetu ke khaMDana ke lie trilakSaNakadarzana nAmaka eka svataMtra graMtha hI likhA thaa| yadyapi yaha graMtha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu aisA lagatA hai ki unake paravartI jaina-nyAya
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________________ 395 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA ke AcAryoM ne apane granthoM meM usI grantha kA AdhAra lekara bauddhoM ke trairUpya lakSaNa kA khaMDana kiyA hogaa| jaina-darzana meM hetu ko anyathAnupapanna-lakSaNa vAlA batAne kI paraMparA atyanta prAcIna hai| jaisA hamane pUrva meM ullekha kiyA, yaha paraMparA siddhasena divAkara ke nyAyAvatAra se prAraMbha hotI hai| usake pazcAt akalaMka, vidyAnaMda, kumAranaMdI, mANikyanaMdI, vAdidevasUri Adi ne bhI isI kA anusaraNa kiyaa| hamAre samIkSya graMtha ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bhI ratnaprabhasUri ne vistAra se bauddhoM ke trairUpyahetu-lakSaNa kI samIkSA kI hai, kintu isa samIkSA ke pUrva bauddhoM ke rUpyahetu-lakSaNa kA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai| bauddhadarzana meM hetu kI trairUpyatA kA sarvaprathama pratipAdana diGnAga ne nyAya-praveza meM kiyA hai| diGnAga apanI racanA nyAya-praveza meM likhate haiM ki hetu trirUpa lakSaNa vAlA hotA hai| hetu ke rUpya-lakSaNa kaunase haiM, isako spaSTa karate hue ve punaH likhate haiM ki pakSadharmatva, sapakSasatva, vipakSAsatva- ye hI hetu ke tIna lakSaNa haiN| dharmakIrti ne hetulakSaNa meM spaSTa kiyA hai ki jisakA vizeSa dharma jAnanA iSTa ho, vaha anumeya hI hetu kahA jAtA hai| _ nyAyabindu meM ise spaSTa karate hue punaH kahA gayA hai ki sAdhya dharma kI samAnatA rakhane vAle artha ko sApekSa kahA jAtA hai| sapakSa anumeya hotA hai| isake viruddha, jo sapakSa evaM anumeya nahIM hotA hai, use vipakSa kahA jAtA hai| dharmakIrti ke anusAra, sapakSa se viruddha yA sapakSa ke abhAva vAlA jo anya hai, vaha vipakSa kahalAtA hai| dharmakIrti ke pazcAta dharmottara aura arcaTa Adi ne bhI isI mata kI puSTi kii| dharmottara ne dharmakIrti ke nyAya-binda kI TIkA meM isa saMbaMdha meM vistAra se prakAza DAlA hai| unhoMne dharmakIrti ke nyAya-bindu ke dvitIya pariccheda ke sUtra kramAMka 4, 5, 6 aura 7 kI TIkA meM ise spaSTa kiyA hai| yahA~ saMkSepa meM- 1. pakSadharmatva kA artha hai ki hetu ko pakSa meM upasthita honA caahie| jaise parvata para agni hai, isa sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie jo dhUma hetu diyA jAtA hai, vaha hetu bhI parvata para upasthita honA caahie| agara parvata para dhuA~ nahIM hogA, to parvata para agni kI siddhi nahIM hogI, isalie bauddha-dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki jahA~ anumeya kI siddhi kI jAtI hai, vahA~ hetu kI siddhi Avazyaka hai| yadi parvata para agni kI upasthiti ko siddha karanA hai, to usakI siddhi ke
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________________ 396 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA lie jo dhUma hetu hai, use bhI parvata para honA caahie| yadi parvata para dhUma nahIM hogA, to usase parvata para agni kI siddhi nahIM hogI- yahI pakSadharmatva hai| 2. dUsarA, hetu sapakSasatva hai| isakA artha hai ki hetu ko sapakSa arthAt sAdhya ke sAtha hI avinAbhAvarUpa se honA caahie| sAdhya ke abhAva meM use na honA caahie| yadi hetu sapakSa arthAt agni ke atirikta bhI anyatra pAyA jAtA hai, to vaha hetu sapakSa meM na hone ke kAraNa sAdhya kI siddhi karane meM asamartha hotA hai| 3. tIsare, hetu kA vipakSa meM abhAva honA caahie| yadi hetu vipakSa meM bhI upasthita rahatA hai, to vaha hetu sAdhya kI sindi karane meM asamartha hai| yadi dhUma nAmaka hetu agni ke sAtha-sAtha tAlAba meM bhI pAyA jAe, to vaha agni kI siddhi karane meM samartha nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| bauddha-mata meM jo hetu ke trairUpya lakSaNa batAe gae haiM, ve vastutaH asiddha, viruddha aura anekAntika hetvAbhAsa ke nirAkaraNa ke lie Avazyaka mAne jAte haiN| isI dRSTi se, bauddhoM ne hetu ko trairupya lakSaNa vAlA batAyA thA, vaise jainoM ke hetu ke 'anyathA anupapatti' nAmaka lakSaNa se unakA koI virodha nahIM hai| prastuta zodhagrantha ke bArahaveM adhyAya meM anumAna meM pakSa ko anAvazyaka mAnane ke sandarbha meM bauddhamata kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| jainAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne ratnAkarAvatArikA meM pakSa kI anAvazyakatA ke saMbaMdha meM bauddhamata kI samIkSA karate hue yaha batAne kA prayatna kiyA hai ki sAmAnya vyakti ke lie anumAna meM pakSa ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai| isa saMdarbha meM unakA yaha kahanA hai ki pakSa ke nahIM mAnane para sAdhya kI siddhi kahA~ para hogii| rasoIghara meM dhue~ kI upasthiti ko dekhakara parvata para agni kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| vastutaH, jisa pakSa meM hetu kI upasthiti dekhI jAtI hai, vahIM sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai, ataH, sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie pakSa ko mAnanA Avazyaka hai| jaina-dArzanika bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki prabuddha vyaktiyoM ke lie anumAna meM pratijJA aura hetu- ye do avayava mAnanA hI paryApta hai, kintu yahA~ bhI hameM yaha to svIkAra karanA hI hogA ki pratijJA meM uddezya-pada ke rUpa meM pakSa to nihita hotA hI hai| dUsare, jahA~ taka sAmAnya buddhi ke vyaktiyoM kA prazna hai, unake liye to anumAna meM pA~coM hI avayava mAnanA Avazyaka hai aura yaha batAnA bhI Avazyaka hai ki sAdhya kI siddhi kahA~, arthAt kisa pakSa meM ho rahI hai, ataH, pakSa ko anAvazyaka mAnakara nakAra denA ucita nahIM hai| sAmAnya buddhi ke vyakti ke lie pakSa
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA 397 kA spaSTIkaraNa Avazyaka hai, kyoMki jisa sthAna (pakSa) meM hetu hotA hai, vahIM sAdhya kI siddhi hotI hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha ke terahaveM adhyAya meM ratnaprabhasari dvArA bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda kA prastutikaraNa aura usakI samIkSA vistAra se kI gaI hai| unhoMne isa tathya ko bhI dhyAna meM rakhA hai ki zUnyavAdI apane pakSa ke samarthana meM kisa-kisa prakAra ke tarka upasthita kara sakate haiM, unhoMne unako bhI prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, kintu yadi hama gaharAI se ciMtana kareM, to ratnaprabhasUri ne zUnyavAda ke khaMDana ke lie usI zailI kA sahArA liyA hai, jisa zailI ke AdhAra para zUnyavAdI apane mata kA prastutikaraNa karate haiN| jisa prakAra zUnyavAdI apane pakSa ke samarthana meM yaha kahate haiM ki vastu na satarUpa ho sakatI hai, na asatpa , na ubhayarUpa ho sakatI hai, na anubhayarUpa, usI prakAra ratnaprabhasUri bhI usI zailI kA Azraya lete hue usakA khaMDana nimna rUpa meM karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki ApakA yaha zUnyavAda pramANa se siddha hai ? yA apramANa se siddha hai ? yA pramANa aura apramANa- donoM se siddha hai ? yA pramANa aura apramANa-donoM se siddha nahIM hai? yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki pramANa se siddha hai, to pramANa kI sattA ko svIkAra karane se ApakA zUnyavAda khaMDita ho jAtA hai| yadi Apa yaha kahate haiM ki apramANa se siddha haiM, to apramANa se to kucha bhI siddha nahIM ho sakatA, ataH, zUnyavAda bhI siddha nahIM hogaa| yadi Apa kaheM ki pramANa aura apramANa- donoM se hI siddha hai, to Apake anusAra hI paraspara virodha hogA, kyoMki pramANa aura apramANa- donoM paraspara virodhI haiM aura yadi Apa yaha kaheM ki pramANa aura apramANa- donoM se siddha nahIM hai, to isakA artha to yahI huA ki ApakA zUnyavAda donoM se siddha nahIM hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki jahA~-jahA~ zUnyavAdiyoM ne ubhayatopAza khar3A karake jainoM kA khaMDana kiyA hai aura zUnyavAda ko puSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, vahA~-vahA~ ratnaprabhasUri ne bhI usa ubhayatopAza ko nirasta karane ke lie usakA virodhI ubhayatopAza khar3A karake zUnyavAda kA khaMDana kara diyA hai| isa prakAra, hama dekhate haiM ki zUnyavAdI apane pakSa ko siddha karane meM jisa ubhayatopAza ko upasthita karate haiM, usake ThIka virodhI ubhayatopAza ko prastuta karake ratnaprabhasUri usakA khaMDana kara dete haiN| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki ratnaprabhasUri bauddhoM ke siddhAMtoM kI samIkSA ke lie usI zailI kA anusaraNa karate haiM, jo zailI bauddha-dArzanika apane pakSa kI puSTi ke
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________________ 398 ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA lie prastuta karate haiN| isa prakAra, siddhAMtagata virodha hote hue bhI donoM meM zailIgata samAnatA pratIta hotI hai| punaH, jaisA hamane pUrva meM saMketa kiyA thA ki prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya-dArzanika zUnyavAda kI samIkSA karate hue use abhAvarUpa mAnakara hI samIkSA karate haiM, jabaki zUnyavAda meM zUnyatA zabda anastitva yA abhAva kA sUcaka na hokara bhAva, abhAva, ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM koTiyoM se rahita mAnA gayA hai| hameM yaha svIkAra karane meM koI bhI Apatti nahIM hai ki jisa prakAra anya bhAratIya-dArzanikoM meM zUnyatA kA artha abhAva yA astitva kA niSedha mAnA hai, usI prakAra ratnaprabhasUri ne bhI zUnyatA kA grahaNa anastitva yA abhAva ke rUpa meM hI kiyA hai, jabaki satya yaha hai ki bauddha-dArzanika use bhAva aura abhAva- donoM se pare mAnate haiN| mAdhyamika-kArikA ke prAraMbha meM hI buddha kI vaMdanA karate hue kahA gayA hai ki tattva na zAzvata hai, na ucchedarUpa hai, na vaha eka hai, na vaha aneka hai, na vaha nitya hai, na vaha anitya hai| isa prakAra, yaha to spaSTa hI hai ki zUnyavAda ekAnta-zAzvatavAda yA ekAnta-ucchedavAda ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| durbhAgya yahI rahA hai ki jisa prakAra anya bhAratIya-dArzanikoM ne syAdvAda yA anekAntavAda ko samyak prakAra se na samajhakara pAgaloM kA pralApa kahA hai, usI prakAra se bauddhoM ke zUnyavAda ko bhI samyak prakAra se na samajhakara ucchedavAda ke artha meM hI grahaNa kara liyA gayA hai, jabaki anekAntavAda aura zUnyavAda- kisI anya sthiti ke dyotaka haiN| yaha satya hai ki syAdvAda aura zUnyavAda donoM hI ekAntavAda ke niSedhaka hokara anekAnta-dRSTi ke samarthaka haiM, phira bhI jaina-dArzanika isake hetu jahA~ sakArAtmaka bhASA kA upayoga karate haiM, vahIM bauddha-dArzanika nakArAtmaka bhASA kA upayoga karate haiN| ve kevala itanA hI kahate haiM ki sattA na sata hai, na asat hai, na ubhaya hai, na anubhaya hai, jabaki jaina-dArzanika sattA ko apekSAbheda se sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM pakSoM se svIkAra karate haiN| saMkSepa meM kaheM, to tattva ke svarUpa ke saMdarbha meM bauddha aura jaina-donoM kisI sImA taka sAtha-sAtha khar3e hue pratIta hote haiM, kintu jainoM kI sakArAtmaka bhASA aura bauddhoM kI nakArAtmaka bhASA una donoM ko eka-dUsare se vimukha banA detI hai| - isa saMdarbha meM, bauddha-dArzanika madhyama mArga kA anusaraNa karate haiM aura yaha mAnate haiM ki sattA astitva, nAstitva, ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM koTiyoM se pare hai| isa prakAra, zUnyavAda bhI sabhI ekAnta-dRSTiyoM kA
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividhi maMtavyoM kI samIkSA niSedha karatA hai| ekAntika dRSTiyoM kA niSedha hI zUnyavAda kA mUla utsa ( sAra - tattva ) hai / zUnyavAdI dArzanika bhI jainoM ke samAna hI ekAntavAda ke virodhI haiM, phira bhI jaina- darzana aura zUnyavAda meM yaha antara hai ki jaina- dArzanika sattA ke sat asat ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM pakSoM ko svIkAra karate haiM, jabaki zUnyavAdI ina cAroM pakSoM kA niSedha karate haiN| zUnyavAda kahatA hai ki parama-tattva na sat hai, na asat hai, na ubhaya hai, na anubhaya hai| isake viparIta, jaina-darzana sattA ko sat, asat ubhaya aura anubhaya- ina cAroM rUpoM meM svIkAra karatA hai / vastutaH, niSedhAtmaka bhASA ke prayoga ke kAraNa bauddhadarzana kA carama vikAsa zUnyavAda ke rUpa meM huA, to vidhAnAtmaka - bhASA ko mahattva dene ke kAraNa jaina-darzana kA vikAsa anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda ke rUpa meM huA / saMkSepa meM kaheM, to jahA~ zUnyavAda sattA ko catuSkoTi vinirmukta kahatA hai, vahIM jaina-darzana sattA ko catuSkoTi yA satva - koTi se yukta mAnatA hai-- yahI donoM kA mukhya antara hai / prastuta zodha-prabandha ke caudahaveM adhyAya meM bauddha darzana kI samIkSA karate hue ratnaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki cAhe vijJAnavAdI bauddhoM kI taraha vijJAnAdvaita ko svIkAra kiyA jAe, yA zUnyavAdI - mAdhyamikoM kI taraha zUnyAdvaita ko svIkAra kiyA jAe, donoM hI sthitiyoM meM kriyA aura kriyAvAn kA bheda samApta ho jaaegaa| isI prakAra, yaha bhI satya hai ki kriyA ke binA karttA aura karttA ke binA kriyA saMbhava nahIM hai, kriyA aura karttA eka hI haiM, yaha mAnyatA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kintu karttA ke abhAva meM kriyA kaise hogI ? isI prakAra, binA kriyA kie karttA kaise hogA? ataH,, kriyA aura karttA ke ekAnta - abheda kA pakSa yA ekAntabheda kA pakSa samucita nahIM hai / kriyA aura karttA- donoM kathaMcit - bhinna haiM aura kathaMcit-abhinna haiM- yahI mAnyatA jaina-darzana ke anekAntavAda - siddhAMta ke AdhAra para tarkasaMgata siddha hotI hai / 1 399 prastuta zodha-prabandha ke pandrahaveM adhyAya meM pakSAbhAsa aura hetvAbhAsa ke sambandha meM maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| vastutaH pakSAbhAsa, hetvAbhAsa aura dRSTAMtAbhAsa- ina tInoM ke saMdarbha meM bauddha - dArzanikoM ne paryApta gaMbhIratA se vicAra kiyA hai, vizeSa rUpa se hetvAbhAsoM ke prakAroM ke saMdarbha meM to jaina-dArzanika bauddha- dArzanikoM ke RNI haiN| isa adhyAya meM jahA~ eka ora dRSTAMtAbhAsa ke saMdarbha meM bhagavAn buddha kI AptatA kI samIkSA kI gaI hai, vahIM viruddhahetvAbhAsa, asiddhahetvAbhAsa, anekAntika hetvAbhAsa ke
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________________ ratnAkarAvatArikA meM bauddha darzana ke vividha mantavyoM kI samIkSA saMdarbha meM bauddha aura jaina-matoM kI vibhinnatA kI carcA karate hue bauddha - maMtavyoM kI samIkSA kI gaI hai| isa carcA meM sAmAnyatayA pUrvapakSa kI 'bAla kI khAla' nikAlane kA hI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| hamArI dRSTi meM hetvAbhAsoM ko lekara donoM meM maulika antara nahIM hai / anekAMtikahetvAbhAsa kA bauddhoM ne jo artha grahaNa kiyA hai, vaha jainoM ke anekAMtavAda kI samyak samajha ke abhAva ke kAraNa hI hai / 400 jahA~ taka prastuta zodhaprabandha ke solahaveM adhyAya kA prazna hai, isameM eka ora, bauddha-vijJAnavAdiyoM ke bAhyArtha ke niSedha kI samIkSA kI gaI hai, to dUsarI ora, bauddha-vijJAnavAdiyoM kI pramANa aura pramANaphala kI abhinnatA kI bhI samIkSA kI gaI hai| yaha satya hai ki yadi bAhyArtha kI sattA hI nahIM mAneMge, to phira pramANa aura pramANaphala meM abhinnatA svIkAra karanI hogI, kintu jaina- dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai ki bAhyArtha kevala svapna yA kAlpanika nahIM hai, yaha yathArtha meM hai, kyoMki svapna bhI unhIM ke sambhava hote haiM, jinakA anubhava hotA hai aura anubhava kevala kalpanAjanya nahIM hotA hai, ataH, bAhyArtha kI sattA ko svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai / hamAre jJAna kA viSaya to bAhyArtha hai / yadi hama unakI sattA ko asvIkAra kareMge to phira jJAna bhI nahIM hogaa| jJAna kevala caittasika kalpanAjanya nahIM hai, usakA bAhya viSaya mAnanA Avazyaka hai / isI prakAra ratnaprabha ke anusAra, pramANa aura pramANaphala bhI ekAntarUpa se abhinna nahIM haiM / jahA~ bauddha dArzanika pramANa aura pramANaphala meM abhinnatA svIkAra karate haiM, vahIM jaina- dArzanika pramANa aura pramANaphala meM kathaMcit-abheda aura kathaMcit-bheda mAnate haiM, yadyapi bauddha aura jaina- donoM hI dArzanika pramANa ko jJAnarUpa mAnate haiM aura yadi pramANa jJAnarUpa hI hai, to yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki pramANa kA phala bhI jJAnarUpa hai aura aisI sthiti meM donoM meM abhinnatA hogI, kintu pramANa ke mAdhyama se na kevala bAhya-vastu kA jJAna hotA hai, apitu usa vastu ke sambandha meM ajJAna kA bhI nivAraNa hI hotA hai, ataH, jainoM kA kahanA yaha hai ki anekAnta kI dRSTi se pramANa aura pramANaphala meM kathaMcit-bheda aura kathaMcit - abheda hai / prastuta zodhaprabandha ke satrahaveM adhyAya meM hamane isa zodhaprabandha ke vibhinna adhyAyoM ke sAratattva ko hI prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai, jisase yaha jJAta ho sake ki jaina aura bauddhoM kI paramparAoM meM kisa prakAra kI bhinnatA aura kisa prakAra kI abhinnatA rahI huI hai, sAtha hI
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________________ samarpaNa pU. AnandaRSijI ma.sA. pU. ratnakuMvarajI ma.sA. pU. kuzalaku~varajI ma. sA.
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________________ nA jIvana paricaya sAdhvIjyotsanAjI (a) sAMsArika paricaya nAma hemalatA siMghavI 26 jUna, 1963 I. zrI jhUmaralAlajI siMghavI, cainnaI zrImatI kamalAbAI siMghavI zrI madanalAlajI siMghavI zrImatI vimalAbAI mUthA pitA mAtA bhAI bahana dIkSita jIvana kA paricaya : dIkSA sthala dIkSA tithi guru guruNI dhArmika zikSA bar3agA~va mAvala 15 jUna, 1980 I. AcArya samrATa pU. zrI Ananda RSijI sAdhvIvaryA zrI kuzalaku~varajI ma.sA. aneka Agama grantha evaM thokaDe jaina darzana zAstrI aura jaina darzanAcArya bI.e., ema.e. darzanazAstra (golDa meDalisTa) pIeca.DI. tamilanADu, karnATaka, Andhra, mahArASTra, madhyapradeza, rAjasthAna, hariyANA, dillI, paMjAba, jammU aadi| akAdamika zikSA vicaraNa kSetra prAcya vidyApITha : eka paricaya DaoN. sAgaramala jaina pAramArthika zikSaNa nyAsa dvArA san 1997 meM saMcAlita prAcya vidyApITha, zAjApura AgarA-mumbaI rASTrIya rAjamArga para sthita hai / isa saMsthAna kA mukhya uddezya bhAratIya prAcya vidyAoM ke ucca starIya adhyayana, prazikSaNa evaM zodhakArya ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko punaH pratiSThita karanA hai| isa vidyApITha meM jaina, bauddha aura hindU dharma Adi ke lagabhaga 10,000 durlabha grantha upalabdha hai| isake atirikta 700 hasta likhita pANDulipiyA~ hai| yahA~ 1 40 patra-patrikAe~ bhI niyamita AtI hai| A mudraka : bhAkRti AraTeTa bajeTa phona 9734-2561720, 96300-77780, 98272-42489