Pramukh Aetihasik Jain Purush aur Mahilaye

Author(s): Jyoti Prasad Jain
Publisher: Bharatiya Gyanpith
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090378/1

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pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~ DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina bhAratIya jJAnapITha HAMARAamint ... ... ..... ........ . . ........ .......

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= prAvezika viSayAnukrama itihAsa kI upayogitA, pUrvapIThikA / WIN! #1 15-19. mahAvIra-yuga (600-500 IsA pUrva) sahAvIra ke svajana - parijana mahArAja ceTaka / senApatti siMhabhadra | mahArAnI mRgAvatI / mahAsatI candanA / caNDapradyota aura zivAdevI / rAjarSi udAyana aura mahArANI prabhAvatI zreNika bimbasAra / mahArAnI cetanA / mantrIzvara abhaya kuNika ajAtazatru mahArAja udAyI / mahAvIrabhakta anya tatkAlIna nareza | mahArAja jIvanthara dasa prasiddha upAsaka sudarzana seTha dhannA- zAlibhadra | jambukumAra / 20-42 nanda-maurya yuga (lagabhaga 500-200 I. pU.) 43-66 mandravaMzI nareza samrAT candragupta maurya aura mantrIzvara cANakya / bindusAra amitraghAta azoka mahAn / karuNa kuNAla / samrAT samprati / zAlizuka maurya / 67-85 khAravela - vikrama yuga (lagabhaga I. pU. 200 san IsavI 200 ) samrAT khAravela | yavanarAja mineNDara sanI urmilA mahArAja ASAr3hasena / vIra vikramAditya | sAtavAhanavaMzI rAje nahapAna / bhadraSTanavaMzI kSatrapa | mathurA ke zaka kSatrapa kuSANanareza sudUra dakSiNa ke jaina / ::7:: gaMga kadamba-pallava- cAlukya maisUra kA gaMgavaMza-vaMzasaMsthApaka daddiga aura mAdhava, tadaMgala mAdhava, avinItagaMga, durvinItagaMga, muSkaragaMga, zivabhAra prathama, zrIpuruSa suttarasa, zivamAra dvi. saigota, rAyamalla satyavAkya pra. ereyagaMga nIti mArya pra. raNavikrama, rAcamalla satyavAkya dvi., eyaraspa ereyasaMga nItimArga dvi., satyavAkya mahendrAntaka, rAcamava satyavAkya tU, bUtuma dvi, gaMga gAMgeya, gaMgarAja maruladeva, gaMga nareza mArasiMha, antima maMgarAje, vIramArtaNDa cAmuNDarAya, vIrAMganA sAviyabbeM, peDe hAsama / kadamba - vaMza- kAkutsthavarmana, 86-112

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mRgezavarmana, ravivarmana, haricarmana, yuvarAja devavarmana / pallavavaMza / dAtApI ke pazcimI cAlukya / baiMgi ke pUrvo cAlukya--ammarAja, vimalAditya, mahArAnI . . *TRIK A rASTrakUTa-cola-uttaravartI cAlukya-kalacuri 113-110 rASTrakUTa vaMza-govinda tRtIya jagatuMga, samrAT amoghavarSa prathama, yora baMkeyarasa, kRSNa dvitIya, indra tRtIya, dharmAtmA rAnI jakiya, rASTrakUTa kRSNa tRtIya, mahAmAtya bharata aura mantrI nanna, khoTTima nityavarSa, indra caturtha / uttaravartI cola-nareza-kolutuMga cola, atirgamAna vera, kalyANI ke cAlukya, tailapa dvitIya, mahAsatI alimabbe, satyAzraya irikveDeMga, jayasiMha dvitIya jagadekamalla, somezvara prathama trailokyamalla, somezvara dvitIya bhuvanaikamalla, vikramAditya SaSTha, sAnurAyarasa, sAkirAja, harikesarIdeva, zAntinAtha daNDAdhipa, mahArAnI mAtaladevI, pratikaNTha simadhya, biNeya bammiseSTi, kAliyakA, yogezvara daNDanAyaka binA kaldhuri senApati recimayya, sovideva kadamba, bopadevakakSAda, zaMkara sAmanta / / .... hoyasala rAjavaMza 151-184 vaMzasaMsthApaka sala, vinAyAditya dvitIya, ballAla prathama, viSavardhana hoyasala, mahAsanI zAntaladevI, mAcikacce, rAjakumArI hariyavasi, senApati maMgarAja, daNDanAyaka bopya, jakkaNabbe daNDanAyakakIrti, daNDanAyaka edhirAja, brUyaNa sAmanta, daNDanAyaka baladevaNa; daNDanAtha puNisamathyA, mAriyAne aura bharata, viSNu daNDAdhinAtha, mAdirAja, nolambiseTi, malliseSTi aura cahikane, narasiMha prathama hoyasala, mAri: aura gaivinda : seTi :::: mahApradhAna devarAja, senApati hullarAja, daNDanAyaka pAzcadeva, daNDanAyaka zAntiyaNa, Izvara cabhUpa, mAciyakke; jakkale, sAmanta goSa, zivarAja aura somaya, sAmanta vihideva, sAmanta bAdhideva, hegaDe jakathya aura jakkaJce, sAmanta soma, hoyasala ballAla dvitIya, mAcirAja, nAgadeva, daNDanAyaka. marata aura bAhubali, brUcirAja, mahAdeva daNDanAyaka, rAmadeva vibhu, narasiMha saciyAdhIza, hariyaSaNa hegaDe, kammara mAcayya, amRta daNDanAyaka, mantrIzvara candramauli,. dharmAtmA AghaladevI, mahAsati haryale, IcaNa aura sovaladevI, soviseTTi, dekseiTTi, mAriseSTi, kAmiTTi, bharatiseTTi evaM rAjaseSTi, AdimakhuNDa, somezvara hoyasala, hoyasala narasiMha tRtIya, rAmanAtha hoyasala, hoyasala ballAla sRtIya, senApatti sAtapaNa, nalaprabhu deviseTTi, mAdhava daNDanAyaka, someya daNDanAyaka, keleya daNDanAyaka /

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pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta deza 185-215 uttaravatI gaMgarAje -bammadeva mAnaDi bhujabalagaMga, mAmanta, nokapya, mahArAnI vAcaladevI, nanniyagaMga, siMgaNa dagaDanAyaka, gaMgarAja ekakalAsa, sugmiyambarasi, kanakivabbarasi, caTTiyabbarasi, zAntiyakke / humacca ke sAntararAje jinadattarAya, lolapuruSa-vikrama sAstara, vIraseva sAntara, rAnI cAgaladevI, paTTaNasAmi nokayya, tailapadeva dvi. bhujabala-sAntara, nanni-sAntara, vikrama-sAntara, tailata. sAntara, mahilAratna cahaladevI, vikrama-sAntA dvi., biduSI pampAdeyI, bAcaladevI, kAma-sAntara, aliyAdevI, vIra sAntara / saundatti ke raTTarAje-pRthvIrAma raha, patavama, zAntivama, kArtavIrya ... . matuI, lakSmIdeva / kokaNa ke zilAhAra rAje ... raTTarAja zilAhAra, pallAladeva zilAhAra bhoja:pra. zilAhAra, gaDarAditya, vijayAditya zilAhAra, bhoja zilAhAra bAcaladevI, goMkirasa, mahAsAmanta nimmadeva, senApati bhora, manI yAsudeva, caughore kAays, mahAmAtya paahptiH| saMgadhArA ke caaluky| nAgarakhaNDa ke kadambarAje koMgAvarAje rAjendracola kobAlTa rAnI poSabbarasi, rAjendra koNAnya, rAjendra pRthvIko gAya aTharAditya capAsyavaMza-rAjendraghola-canni gyaa| alAza maMgavADi kA baMgavaMza- rAnI viThThalAdevI aura. ... kAmirAya apanarendra / bArapAla ke kakAtIya nareza / devagiri ke yAdava . ..... nareza suena sAmanta kadhirAja, daNdeza mAdhava, siriyama gauDi / ....... ::. nigalavazI jevazamalA mArena aura brAcale, mllisesstti| anya viziSTajanapAla gollAcArya, pAzvadeva, khagharakandargha senamAra, dharmAtmA - cipakatAki rAmakumArI udayAmbikA aura vombikA, vIdaNaNagauDa, Apakotama kavaraH asudhiseTiva uttara bhArata (lagabhaga 200 I.-1250 I.) 210-258 ..... * nAgadhakATaka yuga 1 guptakAla-mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta, dAnAyaka ApakAradeva, candragupta vikramAditya ke nabarala, azvapati subhaTaputra saMghala, zrAvikA zAmADhyA, zrAvaka bhadra, balabhInareza bhaTArka, hUNanareza toramANa, zrAvaka nAthazarmA, rAjarSi deymupt| kannauja ke mokhari aura vana samrATa harSavardhana / kannaujanareza yazovarmana / kannauja kA aayughvNsh| gurjara-pratihAra nareza-vatsarAja, nAgabhara dvitIya 'Ama', mihirabhoja / sAbhara ke cAhamAna-somezvara cauhAna, zreSThi lolArka, anya cauhAnavaMza dillI ke tomara-anaMgapAla tattIya, nailasAha, madanapAla tomara / dhArA ke paramAra rAje - paNDitapravara aashaadhr| gvAliyara ke kacchapaghAtarAje... bajadAmana kachachapadhAta, vikramasiMha kacchapaghAta, zreSTha daahh| bayAnA ke :: ::

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.. ...... mi .wwalini.sina-A ..:Amariawww.w yaadv| alavara ke bdd'guujr| zrAvastI ke dhvajavaMzI rAje / ayodhyA ke zrIvAstava saje / avadha Adi ke bhara raaje| mevAr3a ke guhilota raannaa| hathUNDI ke rAThaur3a rAje / arthamA kA bhUSaNa seTha / sindha deza / baMgAla / kaliMgadeza-rAjA himazItala, udyosakesarI llaattendu| mahAkosala ke kalacuri raaje| jejAkabhukti ke candelavaMzI rAjezreSThi pAhila, ThAkura devadhara, zreSThi pANidhara, zreSThi mahIpati, zreSThi bIbasasAha aura seThAnI padmAvatI, sAhu sAlhe, ratnapAla, pADAzAha (bhaisAzAha) / gujarAta-saurASTravanarAja cAyA, mantrIyara vimalazAha, jayasiMha siddharAja, samrAT kumArapAla solaMkI, paM. sAliyAhana ThAkura, senApati sajjana, mantrIzvara vastupAla, tejapAla, jagaDUzAha, zAhasamarA aura saalig| madhyakAla : pUrvArdha (lagabhaga 1200-1556 I.) 259-298 dillI saltanata bIsala sAhu, seTha pUraNacandra, pethaDazAha, seTha divarAya, Enerate kare aura dhora, zrAvaka rathayAta, samarAzAha, sAhu vAdhU, sA. mahIpAla, sA. sAgiyA, sA. hemarAja, diudAsAhu, sA. tholhA, gar3hAsAva dIvAna dIpaga aura saM, kulacandra, cI. devarAja, cI. ToDaramalla, saM. sAdhAraNa, vaidya rekhaa| mAlavA ke sultAna saMghapati holicandra, mantrIzvara maNDana, saMgrAmasiMha sonI, gujarAta ke sultAna, saM. maNDalika, saM. sahasA / mahAsAra-nareza rAjanAthadeva / candravADa ke cauhAnanareza aura unake jaina mntrii| gyAliyara ke somara nareza-mantrIzvara kuzarAja, mahArAja 'DUMgarasiMha aura kIrtisiMha, saM. kAlA, zrIcanda-haricanda, sA. lApU, mahApaSiSThata raidhU, bra, khelhA, sA, kamalasiMha, sA. pAsiMha / rAjasthAna mevAr3a rAjya-rANI jayatalladeyI aura samarasiMha, sA. ratnasiMha, raNathambhaura ke rANA hammIradeva, sAha jIjA, mahArANA kumbhA, seTha dhannAzAha-ratanAzAha, zAha jIvana pApar3IvAla, rANA sA~gA, solAzAha, karmAzAha, AzAzAha aura usakI jananI, dIvAna baccharAja vijayanagara sAmrAjya-harihara pra., bukkA pra., harihara dvi., devarAya pra. aura mahArAnI bhImAdevI aura devarAya dvi., baicapa daNDAdhinAyaka, irugadaNDanAtha, irugapa daNDeza, rAjakumArI devamati, gopaJcabhUpa, gopamahApramu, bhathya mAyaNNa, gopagaur3a, kampanamoDa aura nAgaNa ghoDeyara, rAjA kulazekhara Alupendra, vIra pANya bhairarasa, kRSNadevarAya, saMgIlapura ke sAluvendra aura indigarasa, mantrI pAnAbha, ghera bommarasa, senApati maMgarasa, madhuddhi seTTi, sanI kAlaladevI, vIrayyanAyaka, geruruppenareza, yojaNa zreSThi, ambuvaNa shresstthi| madhyakAla : uttarArdha (lagabhaga 1556-1756 I.) 299-321 mugala samrAra-akabara mahAn, pezaja, rAjA bhAramala, sAhu ToDara, harSacandra 10::

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. seTha, rAjakumAra zivAbhirAma, mantrI khImasI, sAha ranavIrasiMha, mANika surANA, kavi parimala, saM. dUMgara, mahAmAtya nAnU, karmacandra bacchAzta, hIrAnanda mukIma, sabalasiMha motiyA, vardhamAna ku~arajI, sA. bandIdAsa, tArAcandra sA., dIvAna dhannArAya, bra. gulAla, paM. banArasIdAsa, tihunA sAha, vIrajI horA, hemarAja pATanI, saM. RSabhadAsa, saM. stanasI, saM. bhagavAnadAsa, sA. gAgA, mohanadAsa bhauMsA, aruNamaNi, saM. AsakaraNa, varthamAna navalakhA, sAha hIrAnanda, vAdirAja sogAnI, dIvAna tArAcanda, zAntidAsa jauharI, saM. saMgrAmasiMha, ku~arapAla sonapAla, jagatseTha ghasanA, seTha ghAsIrAma, lA, kesriisiNh| uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya 322-247 meyAGkarAjya-bhAramala kAvar3iyA, vIra tArAcanda, mevADosAraka bhApazAha.. jIvAzAha, akSayarAja, saM. dayAladAsa, koThArI, bhImasI, meMhalA megharAja / mAravAr3a jodhapuraM rAjya-mehatA mahArAjajI, rAyacandra, acalojI, jayamala, jaggAsI aura sundaradAsa, bhaiNasI ke vaMzaja / jodhapura ke bhaNDArI-bhAnA, raghunAtha, khimalI, vijaya, anUpasiMha, pomasiMha, sUratarAma, rtnsiNh| hU~garapura-bAsavADA-pratApagar3ha / koTAbArA / jaisalamera ke bhaattii| vIramapura ke rAvala / Amera (jayapura) rAjya-saM. mallidAsa, kalyANadAsa, banlUzAha, visalavAsa, dIvAna rAmacandra chAbar3A, phatahabanda, kizanacanda, rAva jagasama pAlathA, zava kRpArAma, phataharAma, bhagatarAma, vijayarAma, kizoradAsa mahAjana, tArAcandra bilAlA, nainasukha chAbar3A, zrIcanda, kanIrAma baida, kasarIsiMha kAsalIvAla, daulatarAma kaasliivaal| dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjya-vijayanagara ke utaravartI rAje, ballamarAja mahAarasu, bommaNa zreSThiH rAyakaraNika devarasa / kArakala ke bhairarasa raaje| venUra kA ajilavaMza / maisUra ke oDeyara raaje| cAmarAja-devarAja-kRSNarAja / Adhunika yuga dezI rAjya (lagabhaga 1757-1947 I.) 348-369 maisUra-devarAja arasa, mahArAnI rambhA, devacandra paNDita, kumAra viirpp| udayapura-agaracanda bacchAyata, devIcanda ba., zerasiMha ka, gokulacanda va., pannAlAla ba., somacanda gA~dhI, satIdAsa, zivadAsa, mAladAsa Dyor3hIvAla, mehatA nAthajI, lakSmIcanda, jorAvarasiMha, javAnasiMha, ctrsiNh| jodhapura-rAva sUratarAma, savAIrAma, saradAramala, jJAnamala, navalamala, rAmadAsa, cainasiMha, gaMgArAma, bhaNDArI lakSmIcandra, pRthvIrAja, bahAdurapala, ::.:. kizanamala, siMghavI indrarAja, dhanarAja / bIkAnera --mahArAja apUpasiMha, amaracanda suraanaa| jaisalamera...mehatA svarUpasiMha, sAlima siNh| R152 " ': ::1] ::

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jayapura- dIvAna ratanacanda sAha, AratarAma, bAlacanda chAbar3A, nainasukha khindUkA, nandalAlagodhA, jayacanda sAha, motIrAma gothA, bhIvacanda chA., jayacanda chA., amaracanda sogAnI, jIvarAja saMghI, mohanarAma saMghI, zyojIlAla pATanI, gaMgArAma mahAjana, bhAgacanda, bhagatarAma bagar3A, * . . sabhAvAtIkAralIrAma sahAsAta kAsalIvAla, saM. dharmadAsa, sadAsukha chAbar3A, amaracanda pATanI, rAyacanda chAbar3A, zyojIlAla chAbar3A, bakhatarAma, mannAlAla, kRpArAma, likhamIcandra chAbar3A, nonadarAma hindUkA, likhamIcandra godhA, saMdhI thArAma, hukumacanda, viradhIcanda, dIvAna zampArAma, amolakacanda khindukA, sampatarAma, mAnakacanda osavAla, muMzI pyArelAla kAsalIvAla / bharatapura-saMbaI phatahacanda / sAgavAr3A ke mahArAvala / Adhunika yuga : a~garejoM dvArA zAsita pradeza 370-391 jagatseTha zuganacanda-zAha mAnikacanda (huglii)| kaTaka ke maMju caudharI aura bhavAnIdAsa caudharI, rAjA accharAja nAhaTA (lakhanaU), rAjA harasukharAya aura rAjA suganacanda (dillI), caudharI hiradesahAya aura siMghaI samAsiMha (canderI), bA. zaMkaralAla (ArA), sAhu horIlAla (prayAga), sAligarAma khajAMcI (dillI), mayurA ke seTha, rAjA lakSamaNadAsa, rAjA zivaprasAda, rAyabadrIkSasa (kalakattA), DipTI kAlerAya, paM. prabhudAsa (ArA), seTha mUlacanda sonI (ajamera), seTa vinodIrAma seThI (jhAlarApATana), seTha mANikacanda je. pI. (bambaI), rAjA candaiyA hegar3e (dharmasthala maitara), rA. ba. dvArakAdAsa (nahaTaura), sA. giradhara lAla khajAMcI (dillI), lA. IzvarIprasAda khajAMcI (dillI), guru gopAladAsa daraiyA (AgarA), seTa mathurAdAsa TaMDayA (lalitapura), sara seTha hukmacandra (indaura), bAbU devakumAra (ArA), sAhu caNDIprasAda (dhAmapura), lA. munnelAla kAgajI (lakhanaU), rA. ba. sultAnasiMha (dillI), dIyAna bahAdura e. bI. lahai (bambaI), lA. jamyUprasAda (sahAranapura), rAjA bahAdurasiMha siMdhI (kalakattA), mahilArasna maganabena, je. pI. (bambaI), sara motIsAgara (dillI), sa. sA. pyArelAla (dillI), karNacanda mAhara (kalakattA), jagamandaralAla jainI (sahAranapura-indaura), seTha bAlacanda dotI (zolApura), rAjA dhyAnacanda (haidarAbAda-sambaI), sara phUlacanda modhA; sAhu salekhacanda (najIbAbAda) ke vNshj| upasaMhAra 392-396 sandarbha grantha-sUcI 897-400 :: 12::

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prAdezika mA pratihAsa kI upayogitA . : suprasiddha purANetihAsakAra bhagavajinasenAcArya ke anusAra 'iti iha AsIt yahA~ aisA huA-isa prakAra atIta meM ghaTita ghaTanAoM kA kramabaddha prAmANika vivaraNa itihAsa, itidata yA aitiSa kahalAtA hai| vaha mahApuruSasambandhI' tathA 'mahammahadAzrayAt' hotA, aryAta mahApuruSajJaka islekhanIya evaM cirasmaraNIya vyaktiyoM se sambandhita hotA hai aura inhIM ke hAsyapUrNa paridhAna kAryakAra hotA hai| isI / ke sAtha vaha mahAbhyudayazAsanam' bhI hotA hai, arthAt jo use par3hate, sunate aura sunate haiM inake mahAna abhayudaya rUpa laukika utkarSa kA bhI kAraNa hotA hai| / vastutaH atIta kI kahAnI mAnava kI spRhaNIya nidhi hai| apane pUrvajoM kA caritra aura unakI upalabdhiyoM ko jAnane kI manuSya meM svAbhAvika jijJAsA evaM balamA hotI hai| mahArAja parIkSita ke mukha se mahAbhAratakAra kahalAte haiM na hi tRpyAmi pUrveSAM zRNvAnazyaritaM mahat' meM apane pUrva puruSoM ke mahat caritra ko sunate hue adhAtA nahIM, icchA hotI hai ki sunatA hI rahU~, sunatA hI rhuuN| eka bAta aura bhI hai, jaisA ki eka nItikAra ne kahA 36 . . . . . svajAtipUrvajAnAM tu yo na jAnAti sambhavam / ... sa bhavet puMzcalIputrasadRzaH pitRvedkH|| jo vyakti apane pUrvajoM ke itihAsa se anabhijJa hai vaha usa kulaTAputra ke samAna hai jo yaha nahIM jAnatA ki usakA pitA kauna hai? isake atirikta, apane pUrva paruSoM ke guNoM evaM kAryakalApoM ko jAnakara manuSya svayaM ko gauravAnvita anubhava karatA hai, unase preraNA aura sphUrti prApta karatA haiM, aura sacakra bhI letA hai-unake dvArA kI gayI g2alatiyoM ko duharAne se bacatA hai| isa prakAra atIta ke pRSThoM kA sadupayoga vartamAna ke sandarbha meM karake lAbhAnvita huA jA sakatA hai| pratyeka vyakti, saMsthA, samAja yA jAti apane atIta ke AdarzoM prAvezika ::15

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ko kAryAnvita karane kA prayAsa karate hAra hI phalatI-phUlatI hai aura pragatipaya para uttarottara agrasara hotI jAtI hai| atIta meM sarvadhA kaTakara vartamAna kA mUlya nagaNya raha jAtA hai| bhAbI ke bIja bho to vartamAna meM hI rope jAte haiN| mahAkavi 'dinakara' ke zabdoM meM itihAsakAra kA yahI uddezya hotA hai ki... priyadarzana itihAsa kAla Aja dhvanita ho kAvya bne| vartamAna kI citrapaTI para bhUtakAla sambhAyya ine / vartamAna ke sandarbha meM hI atIta kA mUlya hai| 'bhUtakAla meM jo kucha Adarza aura anukaraNIya hai use vartamAna meM sambhAvya banAne meM hI itihAsa kI rAthArtha upayogitA hai| isI hetu itihAsakAra bhI yaha prayatna karatA hai ki vaha itihAsapradIpena mohAvaraNadhAtinA / sarthalokadhRtaM garbha bathAvatsamprakAzayet / ...itihAsarUpI dIpaka dvArA atIta sambandhI ajJAna evaM prAntiyoM ke andhakAra ko dUra karake bIlI huI ghaTanAoM aura tathyAvali ko niSpakSa dRSTi se yathAvat prakAzita kara de| kintu itihAsakAra kI bhI apanI sImAe~ aura akSamatAe~ haiN| use mahAkavi maithilIzaraNa kI isa ukti se santoSa karanA par3atA hai ki.. sampUrNa sAgara nIra coM para madhya raha sakatA kahA~ ? tathApi apanI buddhi, zakti aura sAdhanoM ke anusAra vaha prayatna karatA hai| use yaha AzA bhI rahatI hai ki Age AnevAlA itihAsakAra usake kArya se preraNA lekara prakRta viSaya ko aura adhika vikasita, vistRta, saMzodhita aura parimArjita kregaa| isa viSaya meM do mata nahIM haiM ki kisI vyakti, samAja yA jAti kI mAna-paryAdA usake itihAsabaddha pUrvavRttAnta para bahuta kucha nirbhara karatI hai| jaina paramparA kI itihAsa sambandhI anabhijJatA usake viSaya meM pracalita aneka prAntiyoM kA mUla kAraNa hai| svayaM jainoM ko apane itihAsa meM jaisA cAhie vaisI abhiruci nahIM rhii| itihAsa zAna ke binA di jAtIya jIvana meM cetanA, sphUrti, svAbhimAna aura AzA kA tirobhAva ho jAtA hai, to itihAsa kA sabhyajJAna sotoM ko jagA detA hai krisapae ajamate mAjI ko 'na mahammila smjho| kaumeM jAga jAtI haiM aksara ina afasAnoM se / 16 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura pahilAe~

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......11.112................. ......... .1012- Ravint r i . inin...... astu, ukta itihAsa-jJAna tathA usake prati kaci ke abhAva kI zika pUrti karane ke uddezya se AgAmI pRSThoM meM pUrvapIThikA ke rUpa meM mahAvIra-pUrvayuga ke ni kA saMketa karake dvitIyAdi paricchedoM meM mahAvIra yuga meM lekara vartamAna zatAncho ke prAyaH madhya paryanta hue pramukha prabhAvaka jaina strI-puruSoM kA saMkSisa nihAsika paricaya dene kA prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai| yoM apane muMha se kyA batAe~ hama ki kyA ye loga the, naphasakuza nekI ke putale the mussida yoga dhe| tegI tarakaza ke dhanI the rajjamagaha meM fadaM the; isa zujAata para yaha turrA hai, sarApA dadaM the| ---- dehalavI pUrvapIThikA jainoM ke paramparAgata vizvAsa ke anusAra vartamAna kalpakAla ke avasarpiNI vibhAga ke prathama tIna yugoM meM bhogabhUmi kI sthiti thii| manuSya jIvana kI vaha sarvadhA prakRtyAzrita Adima avasthA thii| na koI saMskRti thI, na sabhyatA, na hI koI vyavasthA thI aura na niyama / jIvana asvanta sarala, ekAkI, svatantra, svacchanda aura prAkRtika thaa| jo ghor3I-bahuta AvazyakatAeM thIM unakI pUrti kalpavRkSoM se svalaH sahana jAyA karalI thaa| manuSya zAnta evaM nirdoSa thaa| koI saMgharSa yA nahIM thaa| Adhunika bhRtattva evaM nRtasya prabhRti vijJAnasammata, Adima yugIna prathama, dvilIya evaM tRtIya guggoM (prAimarI, sekeNDarI evaM darziyaro iMpaiksa kI vastusthiti ke sAtha ukta jana mAnyatA kA adbhuta sAdRzya hai| vaijJAnikoM ke ukta tInoM yuga karor3oM-lAkhoM varSoM ke ali dIrghakAlIna the, to saina mAnyatA kA prathama yuga prAyaH asaMkhya varSoM kA zrA, dUsarA usase AdhA lambA thA, aura tIsarA dUsare se bhI AdhA thA, tathApi anaginata vaSAM kA thaa| isa anumAnAtIla sudIrgha kAla meM mAnavatA prAyaH suSapta par3I rahI, asAya usakA koI itihAsa bhI nahIM hai| vaha anAma yuga thaa| tIsare kAla ke antima bhAga meM vinidrita manuSya ne aMgar3AI lenA Arambha kiyA / bhogabhUmi kA apamAna hone lgaa| kAlacakra ke prabhAra se nikAla paribananoM ko dekhakara loga sAkata aura bhayabhIta hone lge| unake mana meM nAnA prazna uThana lge| jijJAsA karayaTa lene lgii| ataeva unhAna svayaM ko kalAM janoM, samUhoM ya] kabIlI) meM gaThila karanA prArambha kiyaa| sAmAjika jIvana kI nIMva pdd'ii| bala, buddhi Adi viziSTa jina vyaktiyoM ne isa kArya meM unakA mArgadarzana, netRtva aura samAdhAna kiyA va 'kalakara' maalaaye| ve AvazyakatAnusAra anuzAsana bhI rakhate the aura vyavasthA bhI dete the, ataH , rnu' nAma bhI diyA jAtA hai| unakI santati hAna ke kAraNa hI isa deza ke nivAsI mAnava kahalAye natIna yuga ke anna ke .......... .. ........................... ..." "."" .... .. . .... prAdezika ::

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lagabhaga aise kramazaH caudaha kulakara yA manu hue, jinameM sarvaprathama kA nAma pratizruti thA aura antima kA naabhiraay| ina kulakaroM ne apane-apane samaya kI paristhitiyoM meM apane kuloM yA janoM kA saMrakSaNa, samAdhAna aura bhArgadarzana kiyaa| sAmAjika jIvana prArambha ho rahA thaa| karmayuga sammukha thaa| yahIM se sanAma yuga prArambha huaa| ___antima kulakara nAbhirAya ke nAma para hI isa mahAdeza kA sarvaprAcIna jJAta nAma 'ajanAbha' prasiddha huaa| vaha apanI cirasaginI marudevI ke sAya jisa sthAna. meM nivAsa karate the vahIM kAlAntara meM ayodhyA nagarI basI / bhAratavarSa kI yaha AdyanagarI thii| ina nAbhirAya aura marudevI ke putra AdinAtha RSabhadeva hue, jo jaina paramparA ke prathama tIrthaMkara the aura jainetara hinduoM ke vizvAsAnusAra bhagavAna viSNu ke eka prArAmbhaka avatAra the| vayaska hote hI kuloM kI vyavasthA unhoMne apane hAtha meM le lI, aura apane kuzala netRtva meM zanaiH-zanaiH karma-pradhAna jIvana (karmabhUmi) aura. mAnavI sabhyatA kA OM namaH kiyaa| anuzruti hai ki ina AdipuruSa prajApati purudeva ne hI janatA ko khetI karanA, Aga jalAnA, Aga meM anna bhUnanA aura pakAnA, Ikha kA rasa nikAlanA aura usakA bhojya padArtha ke rUpa meM upayoga karanA, miTTI ke baratana banAnA, kapar3A bunanA ghara-makAna banAnA, grAma-nagara basAnA ityAdi karma sarvaprathama sikhAye the| unhoMne logoM ko asi-masi-kRSi-vANijya-zilpa-vithA saMjJaka SaTrakoM dvArA jIvikopArjana karane kI tathA puruSoM kI bahattara aura striyoM kI causaTha kAlAoM kI yugAnurUpa zikSA dI / apanI putrI brAhmI ke lie akSara-jhAna evaM brAhmI lipi kA AviSkAra kiyA aura dUsarI patrI sundarI ke lie aMkazAna evaM gaNita kA putroM ko rAjakAja kI zikSA dI, aura suzAsana kI dRSTi se deza ko unake madhya vibhAjita kiyaa| isa prakAra cirakAla taka laukika kSetra meM janatA kA mArgadarzana karane ke pazcAt unhoMne dharmatIrtha kI sthApanA ke lie upayusta kSamatA prApta karane ke uddezya se samasta vaibhava kA parityAga karake, nirgrantha banavihArI ho durdhara tapazcaraNa kiyaa| antataH kevalajJAna prApta kara arhanta jina hue aura ahiMsA evaM nivRtti pradhAna mAnavadharma kI sthApanA karake Adi tIrthakara khlaaye| ___ isa ghaTanA ke sAtha dharma aura karma pradhAna cauthA yuga prArambha huA jisameM RSabhadeva ko Adi lekara bhagavAna mahAvIra paryanta caubIsa tIrthaMkara, bAraha cakravartI, nava nArAyaNa, nava pratinArAyaNa aura naba balabhadra aise saTha zAlAkA-puruSa hue, tathA tIrthakaroM ke mAtA-pitA, daza kAmadeva, nava nArada, gyAraha rudra, bAraha prasiddha puruSa, solaha satiyA~, Adi anya aneka prasiddha purANa-puruSoM evaM mahilAratnoM meM janma liyaa| inameM se RSabha-putra bharata cakravartI, jinake nAma para yaha deza bhAratavarSa kahalAyA, bAhubali, yena, vasu, rAma, kRSNa, araSTinemi, paMcapANDava, brahmadatta cakravartI, tIrthakara pArya, mahArAja karakaNDa Adi kaI kI aitihAsikatA vartamAna itihAsa meM prAyaH svIkRta haiN| tathApi yaha adhikAMzataH anuzrutigamya itihAsa (proTo hisTarI) kA 18 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura pahilAe~

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... yuga hai| usake pAtroM kA caritra Adi itivRtta yahA~ denA abhISTa nahIM hai| - prathamAnuyogAdhArita pacamacarita, vAgarthasaMgraha, vasudevahiDI, padmapurANa, harivaMzapurANa. AdipurANa, uttarapurANa, triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra prabhRti vibhinna purANa-granthoM evaM - paurANika caritra-kAvyoM meM vaha vistAra ke sAtha nibaddha hai| kevala itanA saMketa jalam hogA ki ayodhyApati rAmacandra aura samAyaNa kI ghaTanAe~ bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvrata ke tIrdhakAla meM huI aura mahAbhArata meM varNita pANDava-kaurava yuddha 22veM tIrthaMkara leminAtha ke samaya meM huA svayaM kRSNa inhIM meminAtha (ariSTanemi) ke cacere bhAI the tathA yaha ki teIsave tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA sunizcita samaya IsApUrva 977-777 haiN| prAya ke nirvANa ke 250 varSa pazcAt mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA chaa| . IsA pUrva 527 meM antima tIrthakara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke prAyaH sAtha hI sAtha ukta kothA kAla, athAMta purANa puruSoM kA purANa yuga bhI samApta ho jAtA haiN| Adhunika dRSTi se zuddha itihAsa kAla kA prArambha usake kucha pUrva hI ho cukA hotA hai| cauthe kAla meM dharma-artha-kAma-mokSa, cAroM hI puruSArthoM kI pravRtti thI jabaki mokSa puruSArtha para adhika balU yA, usakati zakti vAle esaekAla meM, jo tabhI se cala rahA hai, dharma-artha-kAma rUpa trivarga kA mahattva hai| mokSAbhilASI : aura mokSa puruSArtha ke sAdhaka, tapasvI, tyAgI, sAdhu Adi isa bIca meM bhI hote rahe haiN| vartamAna meM bhI dIkha par3ate haiM aura Age bhI yadA kadA hote raheMge, kintu unakI saMkhyA ati virala hai, aura mokSa-prApti isa kAla meM sambhava bhI nahIM hai| ataeva graha yuga sAmAnya duniyAdhI sadgRhasthoM kA hI pradhAnatayA yuga hai aura vaha apanI sukha zAnti evaM manuSya jIvana kI sArthakatA ke lie zakti-bhara trivarma kA sAdhana karate haiM 1 unhIM meM jo Adarza haiM, anukaraNIya, ullekhanIya thA smaraNIya haiM, aise hI itihAsa-siddha strI-puruSoM kA paricaya Age ke paricachedoM meM diyA jA rahA hai| aura isa itivRtta kA prArambha chaThI zatAbdI IsA pUrva ke prArambha meM antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAbIra ke prAyaH janmakAla meM kiyA jA rahA hai| prAyazika :: 5

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mahAvIra-yuga (600-500 IsA pUrva) samagra jana tadhA samagra jaina itihAsa ko pradhAna dhurI tathA sarvAdhika spaSTa payacihna vardhamAna mahAvIra kA pradhAna (1959-527 I. pU.) kA vyaktitva aura jIvanacarita hai| unake pUrva kA purAtana yA purANa dhuma mahAvIra-pUrva yuSa hai to unake uparAnta kA mahAvIrottara kAla / vaha antima purANa puruSa the to prAyaH prathama zuddha aitispatika vyakti bhI dhe| itanA hI nahIM, gata DhAI sahasra barSa meM jitane jaina aitihAsika vyakti hue haiM unakAHmahatva isIlie hai ki ve tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke anuyAyI the, bhakta aura upAsaka, tathA unase sambandhita evaM unake dvArA ghoSita jaina saMskRti ke saMrakSaka, poSaka aura prabhAvaka the| uksa IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI meM to jitane aura jo jaina itihAsAMkita strI-puruSa hue ve saba prAyaH sAkSAt rUpa meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se sambandhita the| kucha unake AtmIyajana, kuTumvIjana yA parivAra ke sadasya the, kucha nAte-riztedAra Adi sambandhI the, anya aneka unake ziSya, anuyAyI, upAsaka, bhakta sudhAyaka the athavA unake vyaktitva se prabhAvita the| mahAvIra ke svajana-parijana / vardhamAna mahAvIra kA janmasthAna kuNDalapura (kuNDapura, kuNDanagara, kuNDagrAma, vasukuNDa yA kSatriyakuNDa) pUrvI bhArata ke videha deza ke antargata mahAnagarI vaizAlI se nAtidUra sthita thA / vaizAlI kI pahacAna vartamAna bihAra rAjya ke muz2asfarapura jile meM sthita basAha nAmaka sthAna se kI gayI hai| usa kAla meM vaizAlI bhAratavarSa ko sarvapradhAna mahAnagariyoM meM se eka thI, atyanta dhanajana sampanna bhI, aura zaktizAlI valjigaNa-saMgha kI rAjadhAnI thii| ukta gaNasaMgha meM licchavi, jJAtRka, videha, malla Adi aneka svAdhInatA-premI gaNa sammilita the| inhIM gaNoM meM se eka jhAtRkadhI vrAtya kSatriyoM kA gama thI, jisakA kendra uparyukta kuNDanAma thaa| kuNDagrAma ke svAmI aura apane gaNa ke mukhiyA rAjA sarvArtha the jinakI dharmapatnI kA nAma zrImatI thaa| yaha dampatI zramaNoM ke upAsaka the aura tIrthaMkara pAva (877-777 I. pUrva) kI paramparA 21 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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ke anuyAyI the ve apane Aheta caityoM meM arhatoM kI upAsanA karate the, tathA zIla sAdhAra sampanna the| inake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI rAjA siddhArtha the jo eka prabuddha dhArmika mahAnubhAva evaM kuzala jananetA the / inakA jJAtaka vaMza evaM gaNa usa samaya itanA pravikiEiMEERA vaizAlI ke adhipati, licaziromaNi mahArAja caTaka ne apanI putrI (matAntara se bhaginI) priyaMkAriNI trizalA aparamAma videhadattA kA pANigrahaNa rAjA siddhArtha ke sAtha kara diyaa| siddhArtha aura trizalAdevI kI yugala jor3o Adarza samajhI jAtI thii| donoM hI dhIra, vIra, suzikSita, pratyuSTa, dhArmika vRtti ke, udArAzaya evaM supratiSTita damAtI the, aura kulaparamparA ke anusAra jainadharma ke anuyAyI tathA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke sapAsaka the| ye saubhAgyasampanna puNyazIla dampatI hI vardhamAna mahAvIra ke janaka-jananI the| yaha eka vicitra kinna prazaMsanIya bAta hai ki usa bapallIvAdI sAmanta yuga ke rAjanya varga ke sambhrAnta sadasya hote hue bhI bhagavAna ke pitAmaha tathA pitA, sArtha aura siddhArtha donoM ekapatnIvrata ke pAlaka the| rAjA siddhArtha ke anuja supAzvaM tathA jyeSTha putra nandivardhana kA bhagavAna ke prati sahaja smeha thA / siddhArtha kI bahana kaliMga nareza mahArAja jitazatru ke sAtha vivAhI thIM, jinakI atyanta lAvaNyavatI, suzIla evaM guNAgarI rAjakumArI yazodA ke sAtha mahAvIra ke vivAha sambandha kI bAta calI thI-matAntara se vaha rAjakamArI yazodA jisake sAtha sahAcIra ke vivAha kI bAta calI batAyI jAtI hai, basantapura ke mahAsAmannA samaravIra kI putrI thii| mahAvIra kI eka bahana bhI thI jisakA putra rAjakumAra jAmAli Age calAkara bhagavAna kA ziSya huA aura vidrohI ho gayA kahA jAtA hai| mahArAja ceTaka :: :: : vizAla evaM zaktizAlI gaNatantrAtmaka bajjisaMgha ke adhyakSa tathA vaizAlI mahAnagarI ke adhipati, aura bhagavAna mAhAvIra ke mAtAmaha, mahArAja ceTaka apane samaya ke sampUrNa bhAratavarSa ke sarthapradhAna sattAdhIzoM meM se the / bATa nAtya kSatriyoM ko licchavi jAti meM utpanna hA the| licchavigaNa kA kendra mI vaizAlI hI thii| kucha meM unheM isvAkuvaMzI aura kasTa meM haihayavaMzI bhI likhA hai| vastuta: haihayavaMza bhImUlataH itvAkuvaMza kI hI eka AkhA thI, aura vedavAhya zramaNoM ke upAsaka hone ke kAraNa jina prazAkhAoM kI prAtya bhatriyoM meM gaNanA hone lagI thI unhIM meM se . eka lighaThayi jAti thii| rAjA ke aura yazomato ke putra ina mahArAja ceSTaka kI mahApaMdhI kA nAma subhadrA thaa| donoM hI parama zraddhAlu jinabhakta the| magadha meM rAjagaha ke sikara jaba unakA zivira par3A huA thA to usameM jinAyatana bhI thaa| raNakSetra meM bhI yaha iSTadeva kI pUjA-arcanA karanA nahIM bhUlate the ahiMsA dharma ke anuyAyI hote hue bhI bar3e parAkramI aura vIra yoddhA the| kahA jAtA hai ki aneka zatruoM ko mahAbIra-yugma :: 21

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mAnaNANaNAmrorewwwm 728 ? da FREE : ceTI yA dAsa banA lene ke kAraNa hI yaha ceTaka kahalAne lage the| jisa saMdha ke baha adhinAyaka the usameM aneka gaNa sammilita the tathA saMgha kI vyavasthA evaM prazAsana ke hetu usake 'rAjA' upAdhidhArI 7707 sadasya the, jinakA abhiSeka vaizAlI kI suprasiddha rAjapuSkariNI para hotA thaa| apane vIrya, zaurya, buddhi, sadAkAra evaM susaMgaThana ke lie vaizAlI ke lichavi sarvatra prasiddha the| svayaM mahAtmA gautama buddha ne bhI aneka bAra unake ukta gaNoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| jaba cahU~ ora aneka rAjatantrIya svecchAcArI nareza zakti-saMvardhana kI hor3a meM lage the, mahArAja ceTaka ne apanI buddhi, sAhasa, vIratA, saujanya evaM rAjanItipadatya ke bala para una sabake bIca vaizAlI gaNasaMgha ko dhana, vaibhava, zakti, saMgaThana, aneka dRSTiyoM se rakta narezI kI ISyA kA pAtra banA diyA thaa| itihAsa-vidita tathya hai ki magadha samrAT kaNika ajAtazatru aura usake amAtya varSakAra ko vaizAlI kI zakti meM seMdhe lagAne aura darAreM DAlane meM kyA-kyA pApar3e nahIM belane pdd'eN| kuTila kUTanIti, SaDyantroM evaM ati hIna upAyoM kA sahArA lekara hI vaha use parAjita karane meM samartha ho sakA thA, vaha bhI taba jabaki sambhavatayA mahArAja ceTaka saMnvasta yA svastha ho cuke the, athavA atyanta vRddha ho gaye the| mahArAja ceTaka kI prasiddhi kevala eka zreSTha rAjanItijJa, kuzala zAsaka aura mahAna yoddhA ke rUpa meM hI nahIM thI, varana vaha atyanta nyAyapriya bhI the| apanI sattA, kuTumba aura prANoM para saMkaTa A par3ane para bhI unhoMne antima zvAsa taka nyAya kA pakSa liyA, anyAya ke sammukha sira na jhukAyA / apanI zaraNa meM Aye halla evaM vihalla nAmaka rAjakumAroM ko unhoMne na kevala abhaya diyA aura unakI rakSA kI, varan unake nyAyayukta pakSa kA bar3I nirbhIkatA ke sAtha samarthana kiyaa| senApati siMhabhadra ceTaka ke daza putra the, jinake nAma siMhabhadra, dattabhadra, ghana, sudana, upendra, sukumbhoja, akampana, supataMga, prabhaMjana aura prabhAsa the| ye saba pIra yoddhA, yazasvI aura dhArmika the| inameM sarvAdhika prasiddha siMha yA siMhabhadra haiM jo liyAviyoM ke pradhAna senApati the, ghar3e kuzala senAnI, nibhIka yoddhA, sAtha hI prabuddha jijJAsa. the| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vaha ananya bhakta the| bauddha sAhitya meM bhI vaizAlI ke ina prakhyAta siMha senApati ke ullekha Ate haiM aura unase bhI yaha lagatA hai ki yadyapi yaha bhagavAna buddha kA bhI Adara karate the, unake darzanAI jAte bhI the, unakA Atithya bhI karate dhe, lathApi mahAvIra ke hI anuyAyI the| mahArAja caTaka kI sAta putriyA~ thIM jo usa kAla ke vibhinna pratiSThita rAjavaMzoM meM vizAhI gayI thiiN| trizalA devI lI jJAtukavaMzI rAjA siddhArtha se vivAhI thIM aura svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI mAtA thiiN| cellamA magadhanareza zreNika bimbasAra kI paTTamahiSI aura samrATa kaNika ajAtazatru kI jananI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 22 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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KAIRodnigmatiNMoraminamu.. zrAdhikAsaMgha kI vaha agraNI thii| tIsarI putrI prabhAvatI sindhu-sIvIra nareza udAyana ke sAtha, cauthI mRgAyatI vatsanareza zatAnIka ke sAtha aura pA~cacIM zivAcalI avanti nareza caNDola ke sAtha vivAhI gayI thiiN| jyeSThA aura amdanA kaumAryakAla meM hI dIkSita hA ArthikA bana gadhI thiiN| gaza ke zAsaka vAhana kI patnI padmAvatI bhI ceTaka ko patrI rahI batAyo jAtI hai aura usakI patrI basamati aparanAma bandanA thI, aisA eka mata hai| kintu anyatra dadhivAina kI rAnI kA dhAriNI nAma prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra usa kAla ke prAyaH mahatvapUrNa parva zaktizAlI nareza mahArAja viTaka the aura ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nikaTa sambandhI the| ye saba itihAsa prasiddha nareza hai| una sabakA hI kuladharma jainadharma nahIM thA, saba hI ne use pUrNatayA apanAyA bhI nahIM, tathApi bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prati una sabhI kA samAdara bhAva thA aura ve saMgha hI bhagavAn ke vyaktitva evaM upadezoM se prabhAvita the| jahA~ taka unakI mahAdeviyoM, paTaka-putriyoM kA prazna hai, ve saba hI bhagavAn kI ananya bhakta thIM, varza-caritra kI suzrAvikAe~ thiiN| prAyaH una sabakI hI gaNanA sarvakAlIna suprasiddha solaha sattiyoM meM hai| unameM se jinakA vivAda huA ve saba hI pati-parAyaNA, zIlaguNa-vimUrSita evaM dhArmika vRtti kI thiiN| mahAsanI mRgAvatI : zatAnIka kI mRtyu ke pazcAt caNDapradhota ne jaba vatsadeza para AkramaNa kiyA to rAjamAlA mRgAvatI ne bar3I dhIratA, vIratA evaM buddhimattA ke sAtha apane rAjya, patra evaM satItva kI rakSA kI thii| usakA yaha rAjakumAra hI loka-kathAoM tathA bhAsa ke nATakoM kA nAyaka, pradyota putrI vAsavadattA kA romAMcaka premI, gajavithA-vizArada, apanI hastikAnta bINA para priyakAnta svaroM kA apratima sAdhaka, kauzAmyomareza sudayana thA, aura aha bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samAdara karatA thaa| usakI priyA, pradhAtaduhitA vAsavadattA bhI unakI upAsikA thii| apane putra ke jIvana, sthiti aura .: zajya ko niSkaNTaka karake tathA mantrI yugandhara ke hAthoM meM sauMpakara rAjamAtA mAvatI ne jinadIkSA lekara zeSa jIvana tapasvinI AyikA ke rUpa meM vyatIta kiyaa| ukta mantrI yumandhara kA putra hI vatsarAjya kA suprasiddha mahAmantrI yogandharAyaNa huA | - mahAsatI candanA .: vandanA (candanavAlA aparanAma vasumati) kI karuNa kathA vartamAna yuga meM bhI aneka sahadaya kaviyoM evaM jainAjaina kathAkAroM ke upanyAsoM kA priya viSaya banI huI hai| isa mahAsatI ke janaka-jananI ke viSaya meM kucha matabheda hai, kintu usake nAma, jIvana kI ghaTanAoM evaM preraka puNyacaritra ke sambandha meM mataikya hai| usa 'vajrAdapi korANi mRdUni kusamAdapi', candana rasa-jaisI komala kintu canTana kASTha-jaisI yahAbIra yuga :: 23

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kaTora, atIva sundarI, komalAMgI ladhApi dhAra vAlA kA kaumAryakAla meM AtatAyiyoM dvArA apaharaNa huA 3 aneka marmAntaka kaSToM ke bIca se gujarate hue antataH anAma, ajAti, ajJAta-kulA krItadAsI ke rUpa meM bhare bAjAra usakA vikraya huaa| kraya karanevAle kauzAmbI ke dhanadatta ke seTha ke sneha aura kRpA kA bhAjana banI to seTha-patnI mUlA ke viSama DAha aura amAnuSika atyAcAroM kI zikAra huii| anta meM jaba vaha muMDe sira, jIrNa-zIrNa alpa vastroM meM, lauha zrRMkhalAoM se ba~dhIM, kaI dina kI bhUkhI-pyAsI, eka sUpa meM adha-ubale ur3ada ke kula bA~kale liye. rotI-bilAtI. jIvana ke kaTu satyoM kI jugAlI karatI havelI ke dvAra para khar3I thI ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ati durlabha darzana prApta ho gye| dussAdhya abhigraha (Akhar3I) lekara vaha mahAtapasvI sAdhu pUre chaha mAsa se nirAhAra vicara rahA thaa| apane abhigraha kI pUrti usa bAlA ko uparyukta vastusthiti meM hotI dIkha par3I, aura mahAmuni usake sammukha A khar3e hue| candanA kI dazA nirvacanIya thI, mahAdaridrI anAyAsa cintAmaNi-rala pA gayA, 'makta ko bhagavAna mila gaye, vaha dhanya ho gyii| iSa-viSAda mizrita adbhuta mudrA se usane vaha atti tuccha bhojya prabhu ko samarpita kara diyA, unake sudIrgha anazana vrata kA pAraNA huA, paMcAzvarya kI prASTriH huI. udAkAudA janasaga isa advitIya dRzya ko dekha virabhayAbhibhUta thaa| aura candanA-rasakA to udvAra ho gyaa| sAtha hI samAja kI kor3ha usa ghRNita dAsa-dAsI prathA ko bhI uccheda ho gyaa| muNoM ke sammukha jAti, kula AbhijAtya Adi kI mahattA bhI samApta ho gayI ! candanA to pahale se hI bhagavAna kI bhaktaM thI aba unakI ziSyA aura anumAminI bhI bana gyii| yathAsamaya vahI mahAvIra ke saMgha kI prathama sAdhvI aura unake ArthikA saMgha kI jisameM 35,000 ArthikAe~ thIM, pradhAna bnii| caNDaprayota aura zivAdevI puNika kA putra avanti-nareza adhota apanI pracaNDatA ke kAraNa caNDaprayota kahalAtA thA, vaise usakA mUlanAma mAsena pradhota thaa| vaha atyanta mAnI, yuddhapriya aura niraMkuza zAsaka thaa| aMga, vatsa, sindhusIbIra Adi kaI rAjyoM para, sambandhoM kI bhI avahelanA karake, utane pracaNDa AkramaNa kiye the| anta meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prabhAva se hI isakI manovRtti meM kucha saumyatA AyI thii| apane tapasyA kAla meM hI bhagavAn ekadA pradyota kI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI meM padhAre dhe aura nagara ke bAkha bhAga meM sthita atimuktaka nAmaka zmazAna meM jaba vaha kAyotsarga se sthita the to sthANu rudra ne unapara ghora upasarga kiye the, jinase mahAvIra tanika bhI vicalita nahIM hue the| mahArAnI zivAdeyI to unakI mausI bhI thI aura ananya bhakta bhI / mahAnagarI ujjayinI meM jaba daivI prakopa se Aga laga gayI thI to ina. mahAsatI zivAdevI ke satItva ke prabhAva se unake dvArA chir3ake gaye jala se hI vaha zAnta ho pAyI thii| 24 :: pramukha aitihAsika jana puruSa aura mahilAeM

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jisa dina bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirmANa huA usI dina avanti meM pradyAMta ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI pAlaka kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA thaa| rAjarSi udAyana aura mahArANI prabhAvatI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parama bhakta upAsaka narezoM meM sindha-sA~vIra deza ke zaktizAlI evaM lokapriya mahArAjAdhirAja udAvana kA paryApta lacca sthAna hai| unake rAsvameM solaha bar3e-bar3e janapata the, 369 nagara tathA utanI hI khanija padArthoM kI bar3I-bar3I khadAneM thiiN| isa chatra bhUkaTadhArI nareza aura aneka choTe bhUpati, sAmanta saradAra, seTha-sADUkAra evaM sArthavAda unakI sevA meM rata rahate the| rAjadhAnI roruka nagara aparamAma vItabhayapattana eka vizAla, sundara evaM vaibhavapUrNa mahAnagara tathA bhArata ke pazcimI taTa kA mahattvapUrNa bandaragAha thaa| usakA nAma 'vIsabhaya' isIlie prasiSTra huA ki mahArAja dAyana ke udAra evaM nyAya-nIti-cUrNa suzAsana meM prajA sarva prakAra ke bhaya se mukta hI sukha aura zAnti kA upabhoga karatI thii| itane pratApI aura mahAnu nareza hote hue bhI mahArAja udAyana atyanta nirabhimAnI, vinayazIla, sAdhusI aura dhAnurAgI the| unakI mahArAjJI prabhAvatI unake upayukta hI sarvaguNa sampanna Adarza patnI thii| abhIcakamAra nAma kA inake eka putra thA aura kezikamAra nAmaka apane bhAnaje se 'mI mahArAja putravat sneha karate the| kahA jAtA hai ki mahArAnI kI kATa dhaniSThA se pramAvita hokara mahArAja rise dharmaramira bana gaya..) ki.mhAne rAmadhAnI meM eka atyanta manorama jimAyatana kA nimArNa karAkara usameM svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI eka dehAkAra suvarNamacI pratimA pratiSThita kI thii| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne bhagavAna ke kumArakAla kI eka candanakALa nirmita pratimA bhI banAyA thI, jise bAda meM "jIvanta svAmI kahA jAne lagA aura jise eka AkramaNa meM avantimareza caNDapradyota charoM se apahata karake le gayA thA, tathA mAlaya deza kI vidizA nagarI meM jisakA sarvaprathama sasamAroha ratha yAtrotsava kiyA gayA thaa| mahArAja udAdhana aura mahArAjJI prabhAvatI kI yaha utkaTa icchA thI ki bhagavAna unake rAjya aura nagara meM bhI padhAreM / astu, bhagavAn kA samavasaraNa yahA~ pahuMcA aura nagara ke vAhara mRgavAna-udyAna meM prabhu virAje / samAcAra pAte hI rAjA aura rAnI pUre parivAra, pArSadoM evaM prajAjana ke sAtha hotphala ho bhagavAna ke darzanArtha padhAre aura unhoMne chalake uparezAmRta kA pAna kiyaa| bhagavAna ke sAkSAt samparka se vaha rAjadampalI itane prabhAvita hue ki unhoMne zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata dhAraNa kiye| dharmadhyAna tathA sAdhuoM kI sevA, baicAtya Adi meM unheM vizeSa Ananda AtA thaa| nirvicikillA aMga ke pAlana meM mahArAja udAyana Adarza mAne jAte haiM. binA kisI prakAra kI manoglAni ko vaha vipanna evaM rogagrasta sAdhuoM kI hI nahIM, sAmAnya dIna-duHkhI rogiyoM kI bhI sahadayatApUrvaka sevA-paricaryA karate the| zIghra hI saMsAra se virakta hokara unhoMne muni pahAthIra-yuga :: 25

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dIkSA lene kA vicAra kiyaa| yuvarAja abhISakumAra ko rAjyabhAra lene ke lie kahA to usane asvIkAra kara diyA aura umAre sApa hI dIkSA lene kI turata kazI / ataera mAnaje kezikumAra ko rAjya dekara rAjarSi udAyana patnI aura putra sahita saMsAra syAgakara muni ho gye| zreNika vimbasAra - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ananya bhaktoM aura unake dharmatIrtha ke prabhAvakoM meM magadhanareza zreNika bimbasAra kA sthAna sarvopari hai| bhagavAn kA janma aura abhiniSkamaNa lo videha dezastha janmabhUmi kuNDalapura meM hue, kintu unakI sAdhanA aura tapasyA kAla kA adhika bhAga magadha ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM hI vyatIta huaa| vahIM dvAdazavarSIya sAdhanA ke uparAnta bhbhika grAya ke bAhara, RjupAlikA nadI ke taTavartI evaM gRhapati zvAmAka ke karaSaNa (kRSi kSetra) ke nikaTastha vaivAvRtya caityodyAna ke IzAna koNa meM zAlavRkSa ke nIce eka zilA para sandhyAkAla meM unheM kaivalya kI prApti huI thii| tadanantara magadhadeza meM hI sthita madhyamA pAvA meM somila brAhmaNa ke mahAyajJa meM sammilita gautama gotrIya i-bhUti Adi prakhyAta brAhmaNAcAryoM para bhagavAn ke samparka kA adbhuta prabhAva pdd'aa| apane saikar3oM-sahatroM ziSya parivAroM sahita ve bhagavAn ke anugAmI hue / magadharAja kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha ke vipulAcala parvata para hI bhagavAn kA itihAsa vizruta sarvaprathama sArvajanika upadeza huA, unake dharmacakra kA pravartana huA aura jayaghoSa ke sAtha vIra-zAsana kA prArambha hurA ! AgAmI tIsa varSoM ke tIrthaMkara kAla meM bhI sarvAdhika dhAra bhagavAn kA samavasaraNA rAjagRha meM hI AyA / bhagavAn kA nirmANa bhI antata: magadha rAjya meM sthita ukta, madhyamApAvA yA pAvApurI meM hI huA mAnA jAtA haiN| magadha ke sAtha bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake tIrthakaratva kI itanI nikaTatA evaM dhaniSThatA kA pradhAna kAraNa avazya hI magadhAdhipati mahArAja zreNika aura unake prAyaH sampUrNa parivAra kI bhagavAna ke prati ananya bhakti, zraddhA aura prema the| pUrvakAla meM magadha para mahAbhAratakAlIna dhRhadratha ke ghaMzajoM kA rAjya thA, jisakA anta eka rAjyakrAnti meM huA aura mAdha ke siMhAsana para kAzI ke nAma (uraga) vaMza kA zizunAga nAmaka eka vIra puruSa AsIna huA 1 eka pata se zizunAga ke pUrvajoM kA mUla-nivAsa vAhI pradeza thA, isalie kahIM-kahIM ise bAhIka kula bhI kahA gayA hai| zizunAga kA putra zaizunAka thA-yaha vaMza bhI itihAsa meM zaizunAka nAma se hI adhika prasiddha rahA hai| hindu parANoM ke anusAra zaizanAka kA hI putra uparokta zreNika thA, kintu bauddha granthoM meM zreNika ke pitA kA nAma bhaTTi aura jaina parampasa meM prasenajita nathA upazragika pAyA jAtA hai| usa samaya magadha eka sAdhAraNa sA hI rAjya thA aura usakI rAjadhAnI rAjagAH aparanAma girivraja tathA 26 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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paMcazailapura bhI sAmAnya nagara thA / zreNika ke kumArakAla meM hI usake pitA ne kisI kAraNa kupita hokara use rAjya se nirvAsita kara diyA thA aura dvitIya putra ko, jisakA nAma cilati putra thA, apanA uttarAdhikAra sauMpa diyA thaa| apane nirvAsana kAla meM zreNika ne deza-dezAntaroM kA bhramaNa karake anubhava prApta kiyaa| jaba vaha sudUra dakSiNa dezastha kAMcIpura meM pravAsita thA to usane vahA~ nandazrI nAmaka eka rUpa guNa sampanna viduSI brAhmaNa kanyA se vivAha kara liyA, jisakA putra suprasiddha abhaya rAjakumAra huaa| usI kAla meM zreNika katipaya jainetara paNa sAdhuoM ke samparka meM AyA, unakA bhakta ho gayA aura jainadharma se vidveSa karane lagA, yadyapi usakA pitRkula tIrthaMkara pArzva kI jaina paramparA kA anuyAyI thA / zreNika kA bhAI citAtiputra rAja-kAja se virakta rahatA thA aura antataH usane vaibhAraparvata para datta nAmaka jaina muni se dIkSA le lii| pariNAmasvarUpa zreNika ko bulAyA gayA aura magadha ke siMhAsana para AsIna kiyA gyaa| rAjya hastagata karate hI zreNika ne rAjadhAnI kA punarnirmANa kiyA, zAsana kI suvyavasthA kI, apanI rAjya-zakti ko saMgaThita kiyA aura usakA sarvatomukhI vikAsa evaM vistAra karane meM vaha juTa gyaa| ina kAryoM meM use apane atyanta catura putra abhayakumAra se bar3I sahAyatA milii| zreNika kI Retariat kA AbhAsa pAkara usake par3osI vajjisaMgha ke adhyakSa vaizAlI nareza ceTaka tathA kosalAdhipati prasenajit kI saMyukta senAoM ne magadha para AkramaNa kara diyaa| avasara ke pArakhI zreNika se turanta sa kara lii| yahI nahIM ceTaka kI putrI cetanA aura kosala kI rAjakumArI kozaladevI (prasenajit kI bahana ) ke sAtha vivAha karake una donoM zaktizAlI par3osI rAjyoM kI sthAyI maitrI ke sUtra meM bA~dha liyaa| usane bhadra kI rAjakumArI khemA ke sAtha bhI vivAha kiyaa| beTaka-sutA celanA usakI paTTamahiSI rhii| kinhIM granthoM meM zreNika kI isa patniyA~ hone kA ullekha milatA hai| abhayakumAra, kRNika (ajAtazatru), vAriSeNa, meghakumAra, nandiSeNa, akrUra, halla, vihalla, jitazatru dantikumAra Adi usake gyAraha putroM aura usa pautroM ke hone kA ullekha milatA hai| vivAha sambandhoM dvArA apanI sthiti sudRr3ha karake zreNika ne eka ora to kAzI janapada ko apane rAjya meM milAyA aura dUsarI ora aMgAdhipati dadhivAhana ko parAjita karake unake pUre deza evaM rAjadhAnI campApura para adhikAra kara liyA aura vahA~ rAjakumAra kuNika ko apanA rAjya- pratinidhi niyukta kara diyA / eka sImAnta-dezIya mitra rAjA kI sahAyatAyaM zreNika ne seTha-putra vIra ambukumAra ko bhejA thA jisane atyanta parAkramapUrvaka ukta abhiyAna ko saphala banAyA thaa| pArasya (IrAna) ke zAha ke sAtha bhI zreNika ne rAjanItika AdAna-pradAna kiyA pratIta hotA haiN| apane lagabhaga pacAsa varSa ke rAjyakAla meM isa mahattvAkAMkSI, pratApI evaM yazasvI nareza ne choTe se magadha rAjya ko bar3hAkara usa kAla ke prAyaH sarvAdhika zaktizAlI mahAvIra : 27

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mahArAjya kA rUpa de diyA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, bhAratavarSa ke prathama patahAsika sAmrAjya (magadha sAmrAjya) kI sudRr3ha nIMva samma dI thii| vaha kuzala zAsaka bhI thA / usake surAjya meM kisI prakAra kI anIti thI aura na kisI prakAra kA bhaya thaa| prajA bhalI prakAra sukhAnubhava karatI thii| deza kI samRddhi kI uttarottara vRddhiMgata karane kI aura bhI usakA pUrA dhyAna thaa| vibhinna vyavasAyoM, vyApAroM evaM udyogoM kA usake Azraya evaM saMrakSaNa se vividha zreNiyoM evaM nigamoM meM saMgaThana huA, isI kAraNa use zreNika' nAma prApta huA batAyA jAtA hai| sarvaprakAra kI Antarika svAtantrya-sattA se yukta ima janatantrAtmaka saMsthAoM dvArA usane sAmrAjya ke "udyoga-dhandhI, vyavasAya aura kAra ko bhArI prAsana diyaa| bIsiyoM koTyadhIza zreSThi aura sArthavAha unake sajya ke vaibhava kI abhivRddhi meM saMlagna the| uparyukta zreNiyoM hI Age calakara vartamAna jAtiyoM ke rUpa meM dhIre-dhIre pariNata ho gyiiN| samrAT zreNika bimbasAra janapadoM kA pAlaka evaM pitA kahA gayA hai| vaha dayAzIla evaM maryAdAzIla thA, sAtha hI bar3A dAnavIra aura bhArI nirmAtA bhI thaa| rAjadhAnI ke punarnimANa evaM use sarvaprakAra sundara banAne ke atirikta usane siddhAcala-sammedazikhara para jaina niSidhakAra tathA anyantra aneka dhinAyatana, stUpa, caityAdi bhI nirmANa karAye batAye jAte haiN| rAjagRha nagara meM to bhItara-bAhara aneka uttuMga jinAlaya usane banavAye the| nagara ke prAcIna avazeSoM meM usake samaya kI mUrtiyA~ Adi bhI milI batAyI jAtI haiN| anya dharmoM ke prati bhI vaha sahiSNu dhaa| mausama buddha gRha tyAga karane ke uparAnta jaba sarvaprathama rAjagRha Ave the to zreNika ne snehapUrvaka usa taruSA kSatriya bhAra ko tapa-mArga se vista karane kA prayatna kiyA thaa| prArambha meM zreNika jainadharma virodhI aura vizeSakara jainamuni vidveSI ho gayA thA 1 ekadA yamadhara nAmaka munirAja para usane bhayaMkara upasarga kiye, kahA jAtA hai| anAthI nAmaka jainamuni ke upadeza se usameM kucha saumyatA AdhI, kintu mukhyatayA yaha usakI priya patnI evaM agramahiSI mahArAnI celamA kA suprabhAva thA ki zreNika jainadharma aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA ananya bhakta ho gyaa| celamA svayaM mahAvIra kI mausI (yA mamerI bahana thii| vaha atyanta pati-parAyaNA, viduSo aura dharmAtmA thii| tIrthakara mahAvIra kA prathama samavasaraNa zreNika kI rAjadhAnI ke hI eka mahatvapUrNa bhAga vipulAcala para jur3A thA aura vahIM IsA pUrva 5.57 kI zrAvaNa kRSNa pratipakSa ke prAtaHkAla, abhijita nakSatra meM, bhagavAna kI sarvaprathama sArvajanika dharmadezanA huI thii| mahArAja zreNika saparivAra evaM saparikara ukta samavasaraNa sabhA meM upasthita huA thA, Apakotama kahalAyA thA aura bhagavAn ke zrAvaka-saMgha kA bhetA banA thA, jisameM eka-Der3ha lAkha puruSa zrAvaka sammilita the| kahA jAtA hai ki rAjamaha meM bhagavAna kA samavasaraNa do sau bAra AyA thA aura ina samavasaraNoM meM zreNika ne gautama gaNadhara ke mAdhyama se bhagavAna se eka-eka karake sATha hajAra prazna kiye the, aura unhoMne una sabakA samAdhAna kiyA thaa| ukta praznoM 28 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA,

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ke uttaroM ke AdhAra para hI vipula jaina sAhitya kI racanA huii| mahArAjJI calanA zrAvikA-saMgha kI netrI I usa saMgha meM lagabhaga tIna lAkha zrAntikAe~ rahI, battAbI jAtI haiN| celamA ne svayaM zrAvikA ke vrata liye the aura apanI dasa sapatniyoM sahita AryikA saMgha kI agraNI mahAsalI canTamA ke nikaTa dharma kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| unake putra, putravadhAe~, pautra-pautriyoM, Adi bhI saba bhagavAna ke upAsaka hue| isa prakAra zreNika kA prAyaH sampUrNa parivAra hI mahAvIra kA parama bhakta thaa| anaginata prajAjanoM ne bhI rAjaparivAra kA anukaraNa kiyaa| ata: isameM kyA Azcarya hai jo mahArAja zreNika kA nAma jaina itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM meM oMketa hai| lagabhaga pacAsa varSa rAjya sukha bhIgane ke uparAnta mahArAja zreNika ne mahArAnI celanA se utpanna rAjakumAra kuNika aparanAma ajAtazatru ko rAjapATa sauMpakara ekAnta meM bhramaMdhyAnapUrvaka zeSa jIvana bitAne kA nizcaya kiyaa| rAjyasattA hastagata hone para kuNika ne gautama buddha ke cacere bhAI devadatta ke, jo svayaM eka svatantra dharmAcArya banane kA svapna dekhatA thA, bahakAne se apane pitA zreNika ko bandIgRha meM DAla diyaa| mAtA celanA ke bhatsanA karane para use pazcAtApa huA aura vaha pitA ko bandhanamukta karane evaM usase samA mA~gane ke lie bandIgRha meM gyaa| zreNika usase atyadhika sneha karatA thA, parantu use isa prakAra AtA dekhakara vaha samajhA ki kaNika usakI hatyA karane AyA hai, atApa bandIgRha kI dIvAroM meM sira phor3akara (matAntara se a~gUThI meM chipA viSa bhakSaNa kara) zreNika ne AtmaghAta kara liyaa| isa prakAra isa starrer pratApa eka dhamAmA pareza tayA~ magadha ke prathama aitihAsika samrATa kA dukhAnta huaa| mantrIzvara abhaya zreNika bimbasAra ke suzAsana, utama rAjya vyavasthA, spRhaNIya nyAyazAsana, samRddhi, vaibhava evaM rAjanayika utkarSa kA zreya aneka aMzoM meM unake itihAsa-vizruta buddhinidhAna mantrIzvara abhayakumAra ko hai, jo dravir3adezIya brAhmaNa patnI nandazrI se utpanna svayaM unake hI kyeSTha putra the| eka mata ke anusAra abhaya kI jananI nandA yA nandazrI dakSiNa deza ke vezyAta nAmaka nagara ke dhanAvaha nAmaka zreSTi kI putrI thii| kucha bhI ho, abhaya rAjakumAra kI aitihAsikatA meM koI sandeha nahIM hai| digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoM meM hI nahIM, prAcIna bauddha Agama majjhimanikAya meM bhI nirgaThanAtaputta (nirgantha jJAtRputra-mahAvIra) ke eka parama bhakta ke rUpa meM unakA ullekha huA hai, aura yaha bhI ki eka bAra unhoMne zAkyaputra gautama buddha kA bhI Adara-satkAra kiyA thaa| isa tathya se rAjakumAra abhaya kI udAratA, saujanya evaM paradharmasahiSNutA kA bhI paricaya milatA hai| jaina itihAsa meM to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parama bhakta, eka pramA, zIlavAn, saMyamI zrAvaka hone ke atirikta eka atyanta pahAvIra-yuga :: 29

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medhAvI, adbhuta pratyutpannamati, nyAyazAsana dakSa, vicakSaNa buddhi, kUTanIti vizArada, rAjanIti paTu, prajAvatsala, ati kuzala prazAsaka evaM Adarza rAjyamantrI ke rUpa meM unakI khyAti hai| jaba-jaba rAjya para koI saMkaTa AyA, cAhe vaha avanti ke caNDapradyota-jaise pratiddhandI kA pracaNDa AkramamA dhA, athavA anya koI bAhya yA Antarika durghaTanA, abhayakumAra ne apane buddhi tAla se apane rAjya ke dhana, jana aura pratiSThA kI, turanta aura saphala rakSA kii| begha badalakara samaya-samaya prajAjanoM ke bIca vicarakara Avazyaka sUcanAeM prApta karanA, unake santoSa-asantoSa ko jAmamA, nyAyaviSayaka jA~ca apane DhaMga se karanA jisase ki kisI ke prati anyAya na hone pAye, zAnti surakSA banAye rakhanA, rAjamahaloM ke evaM bAhara ke vigrahoM ko zAnta karanA, paDyantroM ko viphala karanA, ityAdi se sambandhita mantrIrAja abhaya ke viSaya meM anaginata rocaka prasaMga evaM kahAniyA~ loka pracalita haiM tathA vividha prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM bhI upalabdha haiN| Aja bhI dIpAvalI ke avasara para pUjana karane ke uparAnta aneka jainIjana apanI bahiyoM meM likhate haiM--"zrI gautama svAmI taNI lazci hoyajI, zrI dhannA-zAlibhadjI taNI Rddhi hoyajo, zrI abhayakumArajI taNI buddhi hoyajI" ityaadi| ___ isa prakAra jaina paramparA meM laukika kSetra meM apane baddhi bala se kaThina patthiyoM ko kSaNamAtra meM sulajhAne meM magadharAja zreNika ke isa buddhinidhAna mantrIzvara abhayakumAra ko Adarza evaM advitIya samajhA jAtA hai aura una jaisI buddhi kI prApti kI bhAvanA pAyI jAtI hai| sudakSa rAjanItijJa ke nAle prAyaH sabhI tatkAlIna rAjyoM, yahA~ taka ki pArasya (IrAna) jaise sudUra videzoM meM bhI abhaya rAjakumAra ke mitra the| inameM pArasya deza ke rAjakumAra Ardraka (sambhavatayA ardezira) kA, jisake nAma kA bhAratIyakaraNa ArdrakumAra huA, vizeSa rUpa se ullekha milatA hai| itane bar3e rAjya kA zakti sampanna mahAmantrI tathA svayaM mahArAja kA jyeSTa putra hote hue bhI abhaya rAjakumAra ko rAjya-lipsA chU bhI nahIM gayI thii| yaha atyanta dhArmika vRtti ke vyakti the| pitA ne inheM apanA uttarAdhikArI banAnA cAhatA to spaSTa inakAra kara diyA, aura mAtA-pitA evaM svajana-parijanoM kI anumati lekara mahAvIra prabhu kI zaraNa meM jAkara muni-dIkSA le lii| munirUpa meM unhoMne videzoM meM vihAra karake prabhu ke upadeza ko phailAyA, aisA bhI pratIta hotA hai| jaba muni abhayakumAra pArasya deza pahu~ce to inakA parama mitra rAjakumAra Adraka isake darzanArtha AyA aura inhIM ke raMga meM raMga gyaa| inhIM ke sAtha vaha bhArata AyA, bhagavAn ke darzana kiye aura unakA ziSya banakara jaina muni ho gyaa| matAntara se abhaya ne ArTaka kI prArthanA para usake pAsa bhArata se suvarNa kI eka jina-pratimA bhejI thI jise pAkara Ardraka bhArata ke lie vairAgI hokara cala pdd'aa| parijanoM ke dvArA roka st :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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N00rAtamanm rakhane ke prayatnoM ko viphala kara vaha bhArata A gyaa| mArga meM anajAne hI basantapura kI eka. zreSThi-kanyA usapara anurakta ho gyii| kintu yaha apane gantavya prabhu kI zaraNa meM pahu~ca hI gyaa| mahArAja zreNika ke anya putroM meM se kuNika ke AMtarikta meghakumAra, nandita aura vAriSeNa ke carita vizeSa prasiddha haiN| sarvaprakAra ke devadarlabha vaibhava meM pale de mI viSayabhImoM meM magna the, ki bhagavAn ke darzana aura upadezoM ke prabhAva se saba kucha tyAgakara ina sukumAra rAjakumAroM ne kaThora tapa-saMyama kA mArga prAyaH yaubanArambha meM hI apanA liyA thaa| unake zraddhAna evaM zIla kI dRr3hatA anukaraNIya mAnI jAtI kupika ajAtazatru ... kaNika mahArAnI celanA se utpanna zreNika ke putroM meM jyeSTha thaa| prArambha se hI vaha bar3A catura, mahattvAkAMkSI aura rAjanIti-paTu thA, kintu mAtA aura pitA donoM kA hI vizeSa lAinA hone ke kAraNa kucha uddhata evaM svecchAcArI svabhAva kA thaa| pitA zreNika ne svayaM use cijita aMgadeza kA zAsaka banAyA thA jahA~ lagamama ATha varSa parvanta prAya: ekachatra zAsana karane ke pazcAt zreNika ne apane jIvanakAla meM hI rAjya se avakAza lekara kuNika kA rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA thaa| kintu usane usI pitA ke sAtha durvyavahAra kiyA aura jaba usakA parimArjana karane ke lie vaha calA to pramayaza zreNika ne AtmahatyA kara lii| isa ghaTanA se kuNika ko bhArI anutApa huA aura vaha mUJchita hokara bhUmi para gira par3A, saceta hone para bhI sadana karatA rhaa| rAjagRha se usakA mana ucaTa gayA aura baha vApasa campA calA gayA / kyoMki abhayakumAra, vAriSeNa, meSakumAra, nandiSeNa Adi kaI bhAI pahale hI muni dIkSA le cukaM the aura halla, vihalla Adi jo bace the usase bahuta choTe the aura anubhavahIna kizora hI the| kucha kAloparAnta svasthacita hokara kuNika rAjagRha vApasa AyA aura usane rAjya kI bAgaDora saMbhAlI tathA lagabhaga tIsa varSa taka magadha para rAjya kiyaa| isa avadhi meM usane chana-ala-kAzana se apane rAjya kA atyadhika vistAra kiyaa| kosalanareza prasanajit ke rAjya para AkramaNa karake use parAjita kiyA, usakI rAjakumArI ke sAtha vivAha kiyA aura usake rAjya ke paryApta bhAga ko apane rAjya meM milA liyaa| dUsarI ora apane kUTanItijJa mantrI vassakAra (varSakAra) kI dhUrtatA ke sahAre vaizAlI ke licchaviyoM meM antarvigraha utpanna karAkara unheM bhI parAjita kiyA aura unake rAjya ke eka bar3e bhAga ko bhI apane adhikAra meM kara liyaa| isa abhiyAna meM vaha apane bhole do bhAiyoM, rAjakumAroM, halle aura vihalla, ko bhI zataraMja kI moTI banAne se na cUkA / mahArAja zreSika ne ina kumAroM para prasanna hokara unameM se eka ko secanaka nAmaka prasiddha gajarAja tathA dUsare ko mahAvIra-yuma :: 33

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devadima nAmaka ahamUlya maNibhara de diyA thaa| kaNika ke ukta donoM vastuoM ke hastagata karane ke upakrama meM donoM kamAroM ko vaizAlI bhAgakara apane mAtAmaha ke aMza kI zaraNa lene ko bAdhya honA pdd'aa| aba usane licchaviyoM se mAMga kI ki ye kumAroM ko hAthI tathA ratnahAra sahita usake supurda kara deN| svAbhimAnI licchaviyoM meM zaraNAgatoM ko use dene se spaSTa inakAra kara diyaa| ataeva kuNika ne vaizAlI para bhISaNa AkramaNa kara diyA, kintu use parAjita hokara lauTanA pdd'aa| taba usake mantrI varSakAra ne dhUrtatA aura chala se vaizAlI meM rahakara licchaviyoM meM phUTa ulayA dI, janheM AlasI aura mUrkha banA diyA aura anta meM kuNika se AkramaNa karavAkara vaizAlI kA patana kraayaa| ajAta-zatru bar3A yuddhapriya thaa| usakA prAyaH sArA jIvana yuddhoM meM hI biitaa| mahAzilAkaMTaka aura rathamUsala nAmaka vidhvaMsaka yukhabhyantroM kA bhI usane AviSkAra evaM upayoga kiyA thaa| zAsana kArya meM bhI yaha nipuNa thaa| gaMgA aura sona ke saMgama para usane eka vizAla sudRr3ha durga banAyA jahA~ kAlAnsara meM pATaliputra nagara bsaa| ajAtazatru ne to vahA~ apanA mukhya skandhAdhAra (sainika . chAvanI) hI rAjA thaa| udyoga-dhanyo vyavasAya-vyApAra ke sambandha meM usane pitA (zreNika) kI nIti ko apanAyA aura apane rAjya kI samRddhi ko bar3hAyA hii| ajAtazatru ne ATha rAjakanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha karake apanI sthiti aura sudRr3ha kara lI thii| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki vaha apane kuladharma jainadharma kA hI anuyAyI thA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upAsaka thaa| usane zrAvaka ke vrata bhI dhAraNa kiye the| jIvana kI sandhyA meM use apane pUrva jIvana ke kAryoM para pazcAtApa bhI thA / yo yaha bhagavAn buddha kA bhI Adara karatA thA, kintu bauddha sAhitya meM usakI bar3I hI nindA kI gayI hai aura use pinAtA bhI kahA gayA hai, jabaki jaina anuzrutiyoM meM usakI prazaMsA hI pAyI jAtI hai| usane tIrthakaroM kI pratimAoM ke atirikta svayaM apanI bhI mUrti banavAyI pratIta hotI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA nirvAgya bhI kuNika ajAtazatru ke hI zAsanakAla meM huA thaa| ukta nirvANotsava meM magadhanareza kI upasthiti ke saMketa bhI milate haiN| mahArAja udAyI . kuNika ke pazcAt jasakA putra udayina (udAyI, ajaudayI, yA udayobhaTa) siMhAsana para baiThA-chaThI zatI IsA pUrva ke antaM ke lagabhaga / vaha bhI rAjya prApta karane ke pUrva pitA kuNika kI bhA~ti campA (aMga deza) kA prAntIya zAsaka rahA thaa| jaina sAhitya meM usakA varNana eka mahAna jaina nareza ke rUpa meM huA hai| vaha kuNika kI paTarAnI padmAvatI se utpanna usakA jyeSTha putra thA, suzikSita, suyogya aura vIra rAjakumAra thaa| zAsama-bhAra saMbhAlane para suyogya zAsaka bhI siddha huaa| usI ne suprasiddha pATaliputra magara ko, jise kasamapara bhI kahate the, aura jisake bhagnAvazeSa 32 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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AcArya sI lA jI vartamAna bihAra rAjya kI rAjadhAnI paTanA nagara ke Asa-pAsa prApta hue haiM, basAyA yA aura vahIM rAjagRha se apanI rAjadhAnI sthAnAntarita kara dI thii| tabhI se vRddhiMgata vizAla magadha sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI ukta pATaliputra nagara hI zatAbdiyoM taka banA isa rAjA ne magadha ke ekamAtra avaziSTa pratidvanddhI avanti mahArAjya ko jItakara usake bahubhAga ko bhI apane sAmrAjya meM milA liyaa| samrAT udAyI bhI parama jaina bhakta thaa| anta meM eka zatru ne chala se usakI hatyA kara dii| usI ke uparAnta anuruddha guNDa, nAgadrazaka yA irzaka Adi katipaya nareza kramazaH gaddI para maide meM kula paramparA ke anusAra prAyaH jainadharma ke hI anuyAyI the, kintu unake alpakAlIna evaM gauNa mahatva ke saM mahAvIra - bhakta anya tatkAlIna nareza E kaliMga-nareza jitazatru aura thampA- nareza dadhivAhana kA ullekha ho cukA hai saparivAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parama bhakta sudhAvaka evaM apane samaya ke pratiSThita nareza the| kosalAdhipati mahArAja prasenajitaH mahAvora aura gautama buddha kA hI nahIM pakkhatiH gauzAla Adi anya tatkAlIna zramaNa evaM brAhmaNa dharmAcAryoM kA bhI samAna rUpa se Adara karate the| unako rAnI mallikAdevI bhI vaisI hI udAra thiiN| unhoMne rAjadhAnI zrAvastI meM vibhinna dharmo kI tattva carcA ke lie eka vizAla sabhAbhavana banavAyA thaa| mithilA aura vArANasI ke tatkAlIna zAsaka kA nAma bhI jitazatru thA, aura una donoM ne, jaba-jaba mahAvIra unake nagara meM padhAre, unakI sevA aura bhakti bar3I zraddhA ke sAtha kI thI 1: kollAga samniveza ke svAmI phUlanRpa ne, .. sambhavatayA bhagavAn kA sagotrIya hI thA, unakI prathama AhAradAna dekara pAraNA karAyI thI / vasantapura ke rAjA samaravIra pAvA ke hastipAla aura puNyAta palAzapura ke rAjA vijayasena aura rAjakumAra pemata, vArANasI kI rAjaputrI muNDikA, kauzAmbI- nareza udayana, dazArNa deza ke rAjA dazaratha, podanapura ke vidrarAja, kapilavastu ke zastraya: bappa gautama buddha ke cAcA), mathurA ke uditIkSya aura avanti putra tathA unakA rAjya seTha, pAMcAlanareza jaya, hastinApura ke bhUpatiH zivarAja sathA vahA~ kA jagaraseza: potati, potananagara ke rAjarSi prasannacandra ityAdi : rAje-mahArAje bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bhakta, vratI athavA avatI zrAvaka bane the| inake atirikta eka vizeSa ullekhanIya nAma hai - hemAMgada nareza jIvandhara kA / mahArAja jIvandhara dakSiNa bhArata ke vartamAna karNATaka (maisUra) rAjya ke eka bhAga kA nAma hemAMgada deza thA / usakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma rAjapurI thA aura usa kAla meM satyandhara nAmaka dharmabhakta rAjA yahA~ rAjya karatA thaa| usakI atipriya evaM lAvaNyavatI rAnI mahAvIra yuga : 33

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kA nAma vijayA thaa| unhIM ke putra jIvandhara the| inakA rocaka, romAMcaka evaM sAhasika caritra jaina sAhityakAroM meM atyanta lokapriya rahA hai| saMskRta, apabhraMza aura hindI meM hI nAhI, tamila aura kannaDa meM bhI uttama kAvya kRtiyoM isa viSaya para racI gadhoM yathA tamila kA jIvaka-cintAmaNi, kannaDa kA jIvandhara sampU evaM jIvandhas-sAMgatya, saMskRta ke kSatra-cUDAmapiA, gadhacintAmaNi, jIvandhara-carita, aadi| pitA satyandhara sAhana the, vaijJAnilA sAndroM ke ayodhaka kintu rAjakAja meM kore the, ataeca duSTa mantrI kASThAMgAra ke SaDyantra kA zikAra hue, rAjya bhI gayA aura prANa bhI gaye / usake pUrva hI yaha AsannasaMkaTa dekha garbhavatI vijayArAnI ko svanirmita mayUrayantra meM baiThAkara AkAzamArga se bAhara bheja cuke the| dUra eka zmazAna meM yantra uttarA, vahIM jIvandhara kA janma huaa| aneka saMkaToM ko jhelate hue rAnI ne putra ke lAlana-pAlana, surakSA evaM ucita zikSA-dIkSA kI vyavasthA kii| kizora avasthA se hI vibhinna sthAnoM meM bhramaNa tathA aneka sAhasika kArya kumAra jIvandhara ne kiye| kyaska hone para duSTa kASThAMgAra se lohA liyA, use daNDita kiyA aura apanA rAjya punaH prApta kiyaa| varSoM apane rAjya kA suzAsana, prajA kA pAlana aura bhogopabhogI kA rasAsvAdana karane ke pazcAt bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samparka milA to saba kucha tRNavat chor3a unake ziSya muni ho gye| daza prasiddha upAsaka upAsaka dazAMga-sUtra meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke dasa sarvazreSTha sAkSAt upAsakoM evaM parama bhaktoM kA varNana prApta hotA hai, jo saba sad-gRhastha the aura gRhasthAvasthA meM rahate hue hI dharma kA uttama pAlana karate the| unake nAma haiM-Ananda, kAmadeva, cUllinI-pitA, surAdeva, ghullazataka, gRhapati kupar3akolika, sadAla-putra, mahAzataka, mandinI-pitA aura saalihii-pitaa| gRhapati Ananda vANijyagrAma kA pradhAna dhanAdhIza thaa| vaha jamarazreSThi hI nahIM, janapada tathA rAjyazreSTi bhI thA / svayaM vANijyagrAma vyApAra kI deza meM vizruta mAdI dhii| eka vANijyagrAma bihAra ke videha prAnta meM vaizAlI ke nikaTa bhI thA, kintu kyoMki Ananda-zrAvaka ke vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ujjayinI se calakara sIdhe vANijyagrAma pahu~ce the| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma jitazatru thaa| yaha sthAna vartamAna pAlavA (yA madhya pradeza) meM hI kahIM sthita honA caahie| sambhavatayA yaha usa kAla meM avantinareza ke kisI uparAjA ke adhikAra meM rahA hogaa| Ananda kI rUpavatI patnI kA nAma zivAnandA thaa| ina dampatI kA jinadharma se koI paricaya nahIM thaa| kahA jAlA hai ki vaha dhanapati bAraha karor3a sonaiyoM (svarNa mudrAoM) kA svAmI thA-eka sonaiyA 16 (solaha) mAze svarNamAna kA hotA thaa| isameM se vAra karor3a mudrAe~ usake koSAgAra meM sadA surakSita rahatI thIM, cAra karor3a vyAja para udhAra lagI 34 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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iammsinitiatimammooml huI thI aura cAra karor3a vyApAra-vyavasAya meM lagI thiiN| isake atirikta usake cAra gokula the jinameM se pratyeka meM dasa-hajAra gAe~ thI, pauMca sau iloM kI khetI hotI thI, pA~ca sau zakaTa (gAr3iyA~) deza-dezAntara meM vyApArArtha mAla doyA karatI thI, aura bhAbhA phala-phUloM se bhare aneka bAga-bagIce the| usakA mAna-sammAna evaM loka-pratiSThA usake anurUpa hI thii| janma bhagavAna mahAvIra isa ora padhAre aura unakA samavasaraNa usa nagara ke bAhara dutipalAza nAmaka caityodyAna meM lagA to rAjA aura prajA bhagavAn ke darzanArya usa ora umar3a cle| gRhapati Ananda aura usakI bhAryA ne bhI yaha samAdhAra jAnA / utsukatA, jijJAsA evaM ziSTAcAra ke nAte yaha dampatI bhI bhagavAna ke samavasaraNa meM jA upasthita hue| bhagavAn ke sadupadeza ke prabhAva se aneka vyaktiyoM ne vrata, caritra, saMyama aura tyAga aMgIkAra kiye| sapatnIka Ananda bhI gavAn ke vyaktitva evaM vANI ke sukhadAyI teja se prabhAvita ho unakA parama bhakta bana gayA 1 kintu jaba zrAvaka ke vratoM ke grahaNa karane kA prazna AyA to aura saba vrata to turanta le liye, parigraha kA moha parigraha-parimANa meM bAdhaka ho rahA thaa| zaMkA-samAdhAna meM jaba unheM yaha spaSTa huA ki svecchApUrvaka zaktitaH kiyA gayA tyAga hI saccA tyAga hai, aura yaha ki zrAvaka kA parigraha-parimANa sIna koTi kA haiM-AvazyakatA bhara parigraha rakhakara zeSa kA parityAga uttama koTi kA hai, vartamAna meM jitanA parigraha hai usase jitanA adhika upArjita ho usakA tyAga madhyama koTi kA Crite hai usakegana caugale kabhImA sthira karake zepa kA tyAga jaghanya koTi kA hai, to vicArazIla Ananda zrAvaka ne madhyama koTi kA parigraha-parimANa aMgIkAra kiyaa| unakI bhAryA zivAnandA me bhI zrAvikA ke vrata grahaNa kiye| zreSThi dampatI me svasthAna para Akara bhagavAna ke Adarza upAsaka banane ke prayAsa meM saharSa citta diyaa| dUsare dina se hI navIna navIna samasyAe~ sAmane Ane lgiiN| gokuloM se gAyoM kA duhA dUdha sahanoM ghar3oM meM bharakara aayaa| pahale to AvazyakatA se jitanA adhika hotA thA, beca diyA jAtA thaa| kintu aba to seTa navIna upArjana kA tyAga kara cukA thA, ataH sevakoM ko Adeza diyA ki Aja ye dUdha becA nahIM jAegA, jina logoM ke yahA~ bAla bacce haiM yA anya rogAdi kAraNa se dUdha kI AvazyakatA hai unameM binA mUlya vitarita kara diyA jAyA kare / isI prakAra phala, zAka, anna, dhAnya Adi ke vividha utpAdana abhAvagrasta janatA meM vitarita kiye jAne lge| udhAra meM lagI gUMjI kA jo lAkhoM rupayA rAja meM AtA thA yaha bhI jinheM vyApAra Adi kisI kArya ke lie AvazyakatA hotI, binA zyAja liye de diyA jAne lgaa| pazudhana meM basace (bachar3e, bachiyA Adi) hone se jo vRddhi hotI unakI maryAdA se adhika pazuoM ko aura jarUratamandoM ko de diyA jAne lgaa| vyApAra Adi ke atirikta Aya hotI to use sArvajanika lAbha ke kAryoM, pATazAlA, dharmazAlA, anAthAlaya, cikitsAlaya, karI-bAvar3I, dharmAyatana Adi ke nirmANa evaM mahAvIra-zuga ::

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.. ... ....... ..... ...... saMcAlana meM vyaya kiyA jAne lgaa| gRhapatti Ananda zrAvaka kaM isa parigraha-parimANa ata ke Adarza pAlana ke phalasvarUpa janapada ke sabhI nivAsI abhAvamukta ho sukha zAnti kA upabhoga karane lge| Ananda ne sarvatra Amanda hI Ananda kA vistAra kara diyaa| aura usa mahAvIra ke upAsaka. sadagRhastha kI dina-diganta yApo kIti gala hAI. sahasra varSoM paM anaginata dhanasampanna jaina zrAvakoM ko preraNA detI rahI hai| . palAzapura meM zaydAlapuna (sadAlapura) jAti se zUdra aura kama se kumbhakAra (kumhAra thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma ginImatrA thii| vaha tIna koTa svaga kA dhanI thA ! nagara ke bAhara miTTI ke dastanoM kA vikraya karane kI usakI. pA~ca sI bar3I bar3I dukAneM calatI thiiN| vaha makAvaliputra-gozAla ke AjoSika:sampradAya kA anuyAyI thaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke darzana karake aura upadeza sunakara vaha bhI sapatnIka unakA buddha zraddhAnI upAsaka aura pratI-zrAvaka bnaayaa| isI prakAra campApura meM zrAvaka kAmadeva apara nAma kulapati aura usakI bhAryA bhAvikA bhadrA, jinako haisiyata. aThAraha-koTi mudrAoM kI thI, vArANasI meM caubIsa koTi madrAoM kA dhanI avayaka cUtinipitA aura usakI patnI. zrAvikA zyAmA, kAzI meM hI zrAvaka surAdeva aura usakI saharmiNI dhanyA, AlambhikA nasarI meM zrAvaka zullazataka jisako pallI ahalA nAmnI thI, kAmpitya nagara (karimparatA) meM gRhapati kuNDa-kolita apanI bhAryA puNyA sahita, rAjagRha kA zrAvaka mahAzataka dharmapatnI vijayA sahita, aura zrAvastI ke seTha nandinI pitA evaM sAlihi-pitA, jinakI patniyA~ kramazaH azvinI aura phAlguNI nAma kI thI, mahAvIra ke parama zraddhAnI. vrattI. zrAvaka-zrAvikA bane / zrAvastI kA hI dhamAdhIza anAvapiNDaka, jisakI putravadhU vizAkhA gavAn buddha kI bhakta thI aura unake lie usane rAjakumAra jela se svarNamudrAe~ bichAkara usakA jelabana nAmaka prasiddha udyAna kharIdakara usameM jetavana vihAra banavAyA.thA, svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA upAsaka rahA batAyA jAtA hai| cAra anya nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM - sudarzana seTha, dhannAseTha, zreSTiputra zAlibhadra aura z2ambukumAra / .. .. . ": : : :. . . .:::::::::: sudarzana seTha ... . isa nAma ke kaI vyaktiyoM ke usa yuga meM hone kA patA calatA hai| eka sudarzana seTa so mAdhaH kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRha ke prasiddha zveSThiputra the. jo bhagavAn mahAbora ke parama bhakta aura bar3e dRT baddhAnI dharmAtmA zrAvaka ye / arjunamAlI nAmaka eka vyakti yakSyaviSTa hokara nagara ke mAya bhAga meM bar3A upadrava macA rahA thA, jise dekha pAtA, mAra DAlatA dhaa| udhara se sastA calanA banda ho gyaa| bhagavAna kA samavasaraNA apayA tacha bhI usa bhUta ke bhaya se loga yahI nahIM jA rahe the| svayaM rAjA zreNika ne munAdI karA dI thii| kintu dRDhanizyayI evaM prabhubhakta sudarzanasela kilI ke saMke na sake aura bhagavAna ke darzanArtha cala dive mArga meM arjunamAlI milA aura 36 :: prabhura tihAsa ra puruSa aura mahilAe~

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Muswintamam inapara prahAra karane ke lApatA ki kAza hote hai yA usake zarIra se nikalakara bhAga gyaa| arjunamAlI apane hoza meM A gyaa| seTha ke caraNoM meM gira par3A aura inhIM ke sAtha prabhudarzana karake kelArtha huA 1 dIkSA lekara usane Atma-kalyANaM kiyA 1 pAka sudarzanasaMta campA kA prasiddha dhanI rahA batAyA jAtA hai jo eka-patmI-vratI, prabhASAzudrata kA dRDha pAlaka, paradAsavirata evaM svadAra-santoSI thaa| usake mitra purohita kI patnI usapara Asakta huI, kintu triphala prayatna hone para usane vahA~ kI eka rAnI kI seTha para Dore DAlane ke lie prerita kiyA 1 rAnI ke chalabala bhI viphala hae to seTha para jhUThe apavAda lagAkara usa zUlI kA daNDa diye jAne kA Adeza dilAyA gyaa| kintu sudarzanaseMTha ke puNya ke prabhAva se zUlI bhI siMhAsana bana gayI / kucha granthoM meM ina ghaTanAoM kA sambandha pATaliputra nagara se jor3A jAtA hai| vartamAna paramA ke gulajArabAga mohalle meM Aja bhI dharmAtmA sudarzanaseTa kA smAraka hai, jahA~ vArSika melA bhI lagatA haiM 1 eka sudarzanaseThe ko vaizAlI ke nikaTastha vANijya grAma kA prasiddha vyApArI batAyA gayA hai, jisane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavasaraNa meM kAlacakra ke viSaya meM prazna kiye the aura samAdhAna hone para muni-dIkSA le lI thI / sambhava hai ki uparyukta cAroM vyakti abhinna hauN| eka sudarzana seTha ke vibhinna prasaMgoM ko anubhutiyoM meM aisA rUpa de diyA gayA ki ve bhinna-bhinna pratIta hone lge| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki isa nAma ke usa kAla meM ekAMdhika vyakti bhI hai ho / kintu isameM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki mahAvIra yuga meM pUrvI bhArata (vartamAna bihAra prAnta) sadarzanaseTa nAma kA eka ananya mahAvIra bhakta. sadAcArI evaM zramAtmA zrAvaka thA, jisakI prasiddhi vibhinna sAhityika anuzrusiyoM ke mAdhyama se Aja taka calI AyI hai| dhanA-zAlibhadra dhannA aura zAlibhadra do vibhinna vyakti the| dhannAjI zAlibhadra ke bahanoI evaM parama mitra the| donoM hI dhanAdaya the, sarvasukhI the, aura donoM ke hI jIvana meM prAyaH eka sAtha dhArmika krAnti aayo| donoM kA saMyukta nAma jaina paramparA meM Rddhi-siddhidAyaka maMgala smaraNa ke rUpa meM pracalita ho gayA, yaha unake pArasparika sambandha tathA unake dhArmika mahatva kA hI sUcaka hai| rAjagaha ke dhanakubera gobhadra kI bhAryA bhadrA kI kakSi se zAlibhadra kA janma huA thaa| inakI bahana kA nAma subhadrA thA jo dhanAjI ke sAtha vivAhita thIM / vayaska hone para kumAra zAlibhadra kA vivAha anupama sundarI yattIsa kanyAoM ke sAtha kiyA gyaa| pitA kI mRtyu ho gayI thI, mAtA ke abhibhAvakAna meM hI saba kArya calatA thaa| sevakoM, sevikAoM, vividha karmacAriyoM kI bhIr3a thii| asamAnAtIta dhana-sampani tathA nitya kI Aya thii| sukomala kumAra saMtakhane mahala ke apane kakSa se kabhI bAhara bhI na nikalate aura mahAvIra-yuga :::

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na nIce utarate, apanI sundarI patniyoM ke sAtha bhoga-vilAsa meM magna rhte| ekadA dUra deza ke kucha vyApArI solaha bahumUlya ratna kambala becane ke lie rAjagRha Aye / eka-eka kambala kA mUlya savA lAkha sonaiyA (svarNa mudrA ) thA / nagara meM kisI kA bhI, yahA~ taka ki mahArAja zreNika kA bhI sAhasa itane mRtyavAna kambaloM ko kharIdane kA na huA / hatAza vyApArI eka panaghaTa para khar3e nagara ke dAridrya kI carcA kara rahe the ki vahIM zAlibhadra kI kucha sevikAe~ pAnI bhara rahI thiiN| unhoMne vyApAriyoM se kahA ki hamAre seTha ke yahA~ jAo to saba mAla bika jAyegA / vyApAriyoM ko vizvAsa na huA, kintu ve gaye aura jaya zAlibhadra kI mAtA seThAnI bhadrA ne binA ghU~sarA kiye mu~ha mA~ge dAmoM para ve ratna-kambala kharIda liye aura tatkAla pratyeka ke do-do Tukar3e karake, eka-eka Tukar3A apanI pratyeka putra-vadhU ko pA~va poMchane ke lie janahita ke vyavati zAlibhadra ke ghara kI paramparA thI ki jisa vastrAdi kA seTha-vadhue~ eka bAra upayoga kara letI thIM use dobArA apane upayoga meM na lAtoM aura yaha sevaka-sevikAoM Adi ko de diyA jAtA thaa| ataeva dUsare dina ve ratna kambala bhI isI prakAra ba~Ta gaye aura unameM se eka havelI kI mehatarAnI ko milaa| vahI mehatarAnI rAjamahala meM bhI jAtI thii| eka dina vaha ratna- kambala or3hakara vahA~ calI gayI aura sabakI carcA kA viSaya bana gyii| mahArAja zreNika ne jaba pUrA vRttAnte sunA to Azcaryacakita ho gaye aura zAlibhadra ko bulA bhejA / seThAnI bhadrA ne mahArAja kI sevA meM nivedana bhejA ki usakA putra atyanta komala hai, sUrya kA tApa va prakAza vaha sahana nahIM kara sakatA, ghara ke bhItara maNidIpakoM ke prakAza meM hI sadA rahatA hai, mahArAja svayaM usake ghara ko pavitra karane kA anugraha kreN| mahArAja gye| zAlibhadra bulAye gye| mAtA ne kahA- mahArAja hamAre svAmI haiM, prabhu haiN| inheM ucita sammAnapUrvaka praNAma kiyA jaae| kumAra ne mAtA kI AjJA kA pAlana to kiyA, kintu mana meM eka khaTaka ho gayI ki yaha apAra vaibhava aura dhana-sampatti kisa kAma kI, yadi hamase bhI koI bar3A hai aura hameM usake sAmane jhukanA hai? vicAra karate rahe aura anta meM isa nirNaya para pahu~ce ki saba parityAga karake vIra prabhu kI zaraNa meM jAyA jAe aura muni dIkSA lI jaae| mAtA ne bahuta samajhAyA, patniyoM ne bahuterI anunaya-vinaya kI, kintu zAlibhadra kA nizcaya aDiga rhaa| itanA saMzodhana kara liyA ki dhana-sampatti se to vizeSa moha nahIM hai, kabhI usakA koI abhAva ataeva koI mUlya hI nahIM samajhA, kintu priya paliyoM meM jo prema aura Asakti hai vahI sabase bar3I bAdhA banI huI hai, aura isakA upAya yaha hai ki eka-eka dina eka-eka karake ukta paliyoM se Asakti haTAyI jaae| udhara unake bahanoI dhannAjI bhI bar3e dhanADhya the aura apanI patnI ke sAtha sAMsArika sukhoM aura vaibhava kA upabhoga karate the| prArambha meM inake pitA acche dhanI the, kintu vyApAra meM ghATA Ane se sthiti durbala ho gayI thii| dhannAjI bAlyAvasthA 3 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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se hI bar3e capala, catura aura dRr3ha nizcayI the| inake tIna anya bhAI the jo inase ISyA karate aura lar3ate-jhagar3ate rahate the| jo kucha sampatti thI usakA ba~TavArA huA aura dhanAjI ne apanI buddhi aura sUjha-bUjha ke bala para apanI sthiti zanaiH-zanaiH rAjadhAnI ke pramukha dhanapatiyoM meM banA lii| kilI prakAra kA koI abhAda na thaa| ekadA apane mahala ke eka Upara ke khana meM sthita puSpavATikA meM baiThe vaha snAna kara rahe the. panI sabhadA pAsa meM khar3I thii| use nIce mArga para jAte hue eka sAdhu dikhAI par3e aura yaha dhyAna AyA ki usakA atyanta sukumAra bhAI zAlimaga mI sAdhu banane jA rahA hai, kaise sAdhu-jIvana ke kaSTa saha paaegaa| isa duHkhada vicAra se usakI A~khoM meM A~sU A gaye aura do-eka dhannAjI ke zarIra para mire / tapta azru-bindu ke anubhava se unhoMne mukha uThAkara patnI kI ora dekhA aura kAraNa puuchaa| samasta vRttAnta sunakara dhannAjI bole-bAta to ThIka hai| jIvana kSaNabhaMgura hai, zarIra mAzavAna hai, lakSmI caMcalA hai aura Atma-kalyANa kA mArga mani-dIkSA hI hai| samaya bhI usake lie vartamAna se adhika uttama koI nahIM hotaa| suranta-nirNayI aura dRr3ha-nizcayI dhanAjI pAlI se vidA ho zvasurAlaya phuNce| bAhara se hI sAle zAlibhadra ko pukAsa ki zubhakAra meM itanA cilamba kyoM, chor3anA hai to saba ekadama chor3o, calo donoM prabhu kI zaraNa meM calate haiN| aura donoM dharmavIra cala diye| samavasaraNa meM upasthita ho muni-dIkSA le lii| inhIM yugala dharmavIroM kI smRti meM Aja bhI jaina gRhastha yaha mAvanA karate haiM ki bhannA-zAlibhadrajI taNI Rddhi hoya jo|" jambukumAra mahArAja zreNika kI rAjadhAnI rAjagRhI ke prasiddha seTha RSabhadatta (matAntara se ahaMdAsa) ke ikalaute putra the| mAtA kA nAma dhAriNIdevI yA jinadAsI shaa| kahIM-kahIM inake pitA ko campAnagara kA koTyAdhIza batAyA hai| mAtA-pitA ne kumAra ke lAlana-pAlana evaM samucita zikSA-dIkSA kI uttama vyavasthA prArambha se kara dI thii| ataevaM kizorAvasthA taka pahu~cate-pahu~catte jambukumAra sambhrAnta bhadrodhita samasta vidyAoM aura kalAoM meM nipuNa ho gye| vaNika-putra hote hue bhI astra-zastra evaM sainya-saMcAlana meM bhI unakI aisI prasiddhi huI ki svayaM mahArAja zreNika ne usa anyavaya meM hI kumAra jamchu ko eka sainika abhiyAna meM bhejaa| sImAntavartI eka mitra rAjA para kisI zatru ne car3hAI kI thI, aura ukta rAjA ne mahArAja zreNika se sahAyatA kI yAcanA kI thii| jambukumAra ke kuzala netRtva meM yaha abhiyAna saphala huaa| vijayazrI prApta karake vaha rAjagRha lauTe aura mahArAja dvArA prazaMsita evaM sammAnita hue| kacha hI samaya pazcAt mahArAja kI mRtyu ho gyii| tadanantara jambakamAra meM rAjakAryoM meM vizeSa yoga nahIM diyA pratIta hotA aura apane pitA ke vyavasAya meM hI yoga diyaa| bhagavAn kA upadeza sunane kA unheM avasara milA thA mahAvIra-dhuga :: 39

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wwwwwwwwww : : 1 F aura sudharmA svAmI ( gautama gaNadhara ke uttarAdhikArI) kA yaha vizeSa mAna karate the| unakI bar3hatI huI dhArmika manovRtti dekhakara mAtA-pitA ne vibhinna zreSThiyoM kI rUpa-guNa-sampanna cAra matAntara se ATho kanyAoM ke sAtha unakI sanI kara dii| eka dina gurumukha se jala jA rahe the to nagara hAra ekAeka gira par3A aura yaha bAla-bAla bce| isa ghaTanA se inakA nirveda aura tIvra huA aura inhoMne brahmacarya vrata se liyaa| mAtA-pitA ne bahuta smjhaayaa| ukta kanyAoM ko tathA unake abhibhAvakoM ko bhI sthiti spaSTaM kara dii| sabakA mata yahIM rahA ki inheM vivAha bandhana meM bA~dha diyA jaae| jambu bhI isapara sahamata ho gaye kiM vivAha ke do dina pazcAt dIkSA leNge| vivAha sampanna huA, suhAgarAta meM solahoM zrRMgAra se susajjita una anindha sundarI baMdhuoM ne kumAra ko rijhAne aura apane nizcaya se calAyamAna karane kA athaka prayatna kiyaa| paraspara pUrA zAstrArtha calA jo jJAnavardhaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha rocaka bhI hai| kumAra kI mAtA bhI putra ke sambhAvya viyoga aura sadyaH vivAhitA putra-vadhuoM ke tajjanita duHkha ke smaraNa se nidrA ko A~khoM meM samAye putra ke zayanakakSa ke bAhara alinda meM zokamagna baiThI thii| kintu vaha akelI nahIM thii| usake anajAne eka anya vyakti yahA~ upasthita thaa| podanapura-nareza vidrarAja kA putra rAjakumAra prathata kumArgagAmI ho corI ke vyasana meM par3a gayA thaa| zIghra hI cauryakatA meM vaha eka vidyAsiddha atyanta dakSa cora ho gayA, vidyuccara nAma se prasiddha huA aura pA~ca sau anya coroM kA saradAra banakara bar3e-bar3e rAjA-mahArAjAoM aura dhanakubera seThoM ke yahA~ chApe mArane lgaa| vahI vidyuccara apane sabhI sAthiyoM sahita Aja zreSThi-putra jambukumAra ke prAsAda meM ghusA thaa| apane apAra dhana ke atirikta ukta navavadhuoM ke sAtha jo bhArI daheja sampanna hokara usI dina seTha ke ghara AyA thA, dasturAja ke lie acchA pratomane thaa| ghara ke anya sarva vyaktiyoM, sevakoM Adi ko sI usane behoza kara diyA thA, kintu svayaM kumAra, navavadhuoM aura kumAra kI mAtA para usakA yaza na cala pAyA thaa| vaha bhI apanA arrai bhUlakara kakSa ke bhItara ho rahI vivAda vArtA ko tanmaya hokara suna rahA thaa| kumAra kI mAtA kA dhyAna usakI ora gayA to daha zauMka par3I aura pUchA ki vaha kauna hai aura yahA~ kaise AyA? vidyuccara ne apanA saba vRttAnta niSkapaTa kaha diyA / kumAra kI vArtA sunakara use svayaM anutApa hI rahA thA aura apane karma se virakti ho rahI thii| usane seThAnI se kahA ki vaha bhI kumAra ko apane nizcaya se virata karane kA prayAsa kregaa| prAtaHkAla samIpa thaa| kumAra kA mAtula (mAmA) banakara usane dvAra khulavAyA aura kumAra kI apane vicAra ko sthagita karane ke lie yathAzakti nAnA prakAra ke tarka aura yuktiyA~ prastuta kii| kintu viphala prayatna huaa| prAtaHkAla nityakarmoM se nipaTakara aura sabase vidA lekara jambukumAra ne dIkSArtha cana kI rAha lI, parantu vaha akele nahIM the| pIche-pIche apane pA~ca sau sAthiyoM sahita 40 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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dasyurAja ciMdhuccara bhI dIkSA lene ke lie dRr3ha saMkalpa ho cala rahA thaa| kamAra kI samasta bhava-vivAhitA pani uddazya kA anagamana kI aura sthayoM kumAra ke mAtA-pitA tathA rakta vadhuoM ke mAtA-pitA bhI usI uddezya se sAtha nalA rahe the| kahate haiM ki jahA~ kevale eka dIkSArthI yo, aba usake sahita 527 strI-puruSa dIkSArthI the, jinhoMne gaNanAyaka sudharmA svAmI ne jainezvarI dIkSA lii| bhagavAna mahAvIra ko nirvANa hone ke eka varSa pazcAta yaha ghaTanA ghaTI batAyI jAtI hai aura usa samaya gautama gaNadhara kevalI ho cuke the, ataeva sudhamI svAmI hI tatkAlIna pradhAna saMghAcArya / IsA pUrva 519 meM sudharmA svAmI ke nirvANa ko prApta hone para jambusvAmI ho mahAvIra ke jaina saMgha ke nAyaka bhae, jisa padaM para chaha aktIsa varSa, apane nirvANa paryanta bane rhe| jambu-svAmI isa paramparA ke antima kaMvalI the| unake pazcAta koI kevala-jJAnI nahIM huaa| mathurA kA caurAptI nAmaka sthAna (matAntara se rAjagRha kA vipulAcala) unakA nirvANa-sthAna mAnA jAtA hai| mathurA meM hI unake ziSya vidhuccara tathA usake pA~ca sau sAthiyoM ne muni rUpa meM tapasyA karake sadgati prApta kI thI, aura yahA~ unakI smRti meM sAdhika pA~ca sau stUpa banavAye gaye the| uparyullikhita rAjA-mahArAjAoM, sAmanta-saradAroM, mantriyoM aura senApatiyoM, dhanakabara seThoM tathA vibhinna vargIya mahilAoM ke atirikta bhI aneka AlekhanIya strI-puruSa mahAvIra ke bhakta anuyAyI bane the, yathA devAnandA, revatI, sulabhA aura viduSI jayantI-jaisI gRhiNiyA~, skandhaka, somala, ambar3a jaise vidvAna brAhmaNa paNDita, AtmA ke prati sadA jAgarUka rahaneyAlA zaMkha zrAvaka, metArya, aura harikezI jaisI zudra / itanA hI nahIM, kambhAra sanniveza nivAsI kRpana kumAra jaisA atyanta madyapAyI narapazu, arjunamAlI-jaisA bhayaMkara hatyArA vidyuccara, saihiNeya, aMjanacora, rUpasura evaM svarNasura-jaise kukhyAta dasyurAja, luTere aura maiMje hue cora tathA tatprabhRtti anya aneka patita jana bhagavAna kA upadezAmRta pAna karake apane jIvana meM krAnti lAne aura use kumArga se mor3akara sanmArga meM lagAne meM saphala hue the| usa patitapAvana ne na jAne kitane patitoM ko pAvana kara diyA thA! upayukta vivaraNoM meM sambhava hai ki kahIM kahIM atizayokti kA AbhAsa lage / unakI AdhArabhUta vibhinna sAhityika anazratiyoM meM kahIM kahIM kacha matabheda bhI lagate haiN| zreThiyoM kI dhana-sampadA ke arNana bhI atyuktipUrNa laga sakate haiN| kintu isa viSaya meM koI sandeha nahIM hai ki unameM se adhikAMza vyakti sarvathA aitihAsika haiN| bhAratavarSa kI dhana-sampatti aura usake seToM ko samRddhi evaM vaibhava usa kAla meM tathA usake bhI saikar3oM varSa pazcAt taka videzoM kI IrSyA evaM labdhatA ke pAtra rahe haiN| kisI zreSTi kI haisiyata chappana, caubIsa, aThAraha yA bAraha karor3a svarNa-mudrAoM ko yadi batAyI gayI hai aura vaha akSarazaH ThIka na bhI ho, to isa tathya meM zaMkA nahIM hai ki aneka rAdheSTa vaibhava-sampanna evaM samasta sambhava laukika sukhoM kA upabhoga mahAvIra yuga ::

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karanevAle strI-puruSa tIrthakara ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara samasta dhana-sampatti ko tinake ke samAna kSaNa-bhara meM parityAga karake Atma-sAdhanA evaM sva-para-kalyANa ke durgama, duSkara evaM atyanta kaSTakAraka mArga para nikala par3ate the| yadi gRhI zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke rUpa meM bhI rahate to apanI svayaM kI icchAoM aura AvazyakatAoM ko sImita karake tathA apane parigraha kA parimANa karake, apanI utpAdana sAmarthya tanika bhI vyartha kiye binA, zeSa dhana evaM Aya ko loka sevA meM lagA dete the| mahAvIra ke sAkSAt bhakta prAvaka-zrAvikAe~ hI paravI kAla ke jaina gRhastha strI-paruSoM ke lie, cAhe ve kisI varNa, jAti yA varga ke, kisI vyavasAya yA vRtti RT aura kisI nA kAla meM epapreraNA ke satata srota tathA anukaraNIya Adarza bane rahe haiN| 42 :: pramukha aitihAsikaH jana puruSa aura mahilAe~

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mummm. Mini - :.. *. 1911I bhI nanda-maurya yuga lagabhaga 500-20 . . ......... nandavaMzI nareza .mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat 50 (IsA pUrva 467) meM magadha mahArAjya kI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra maiM bimbasAra zreNika ke vaMza kA anta huA aura usI zaizunAka vaMza kI eka laghu zAkhA meM utpanna brAtyanandi nAmaka eka sAhasI yuvaka ne siMhAsana para apanA adhikAra kara liyaa| sI varSa avanti meM prajApIr3aka pAlaka ke sAtha hI sAtha caNDapradyota ke vaMza kA anta ho gayA aura usa sajya kA bahubhAga magadha sAmrAjya meM milA liyA gyaa| avanti kI rAjadhAnI ujjayinI bhI prAyaH tabhI se magadha sAmrAjya kI eka uparAjadhAnI bana gyii| isa saphalatA ke kAraNa prAtyanandi avanti-dharmana bhI kahalAne lgaa| paTanA ke nikaTa pATaliputra ke khaMDaharoM meM usakI eka mUrti bhI milI batAyI jAtI hai, jisapara usakA nAma (vArtA yA vrAtyanandi) utkIrNa rahA batAyA jAtA hai| yaha nAma usake prAtya kSatriya evaM zramaNa tIrthaMkaroM kA upAsaka hone kA samarthaka hai| vAtyanandi avantivardhana zaizunAka kA uttarAdhikArI nandivardhana kAkravarNa kAlAzoka (lagabhaga 440-407 I. pU.) thA jo isa vaMza kA prAyaH sarvamahAn evaM pratApI nareza yA! mahAvIra ni. saM. 103 (I. pU.. 424) meM usane kaliMga deza kI vijaya kI thI aura usa rASTra ke iSTadevatA 'kaliMga-jina' (yA agrajina, arthAt Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva) kI pratimA ko yahA~ se le AyA thA tathA use apanI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra meM pratiSThita kiyA thaa| nandivardhana ne ikSvAkuoM, zaurasenoM Adi apaziSTa purAtana rAjyoM ko bhI parAjita karake apane sAmrAjya meM milA liyA aura jyAta vaMzoM ko samApta kara diyA thA / dakSiNa bhArata ke nAgarakhaNDa pradeza ko bhI isI nareza ne vijaya kiyA pratIta hotA hai| usake samaya ke ma. ni. saM. 84 (I. yU. 449) ke bar3alI zilAlekha se pratIta hotA hai ki usa kAla meM rAjasthAna kI mAdhyAmikA nAmaka prasiddha cagarI jainadharma kA eka pramukha kendra thI aura vahA~ mahAvIra ke upAsakoM kI itanI bahulatA thI ki kAlagaNanA meM vahauM mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat kA vyavahAra hone lagA thaa| bhanda-bhauyaM yuga :: 49

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This SEEM bhAratavarSa meM san-saMbatoM ke pracalana kA yaha sarvaprathama zilAlekhIya sAkSya hai| nandivardhana kI hatyA kisI zatru dvArA kalyApAra kI gayI batAyI jAtI hai| usakA patra evaM uttarAdhikArI pahAnandina bhI apane pitA ke samAna pratApI evaM zaktizAlI nareza thaa| usane lagabhaga cavAlIsa varSa rAjya kiyaa| kula paramparAnasAra vaha svayaM jaina dhamaniyAyI ghA tathA usake aneka mantrI aura karmacArI "bhI jaina ye| mantriyoM meM jo pradhAna unake kAla meM kaI pIr3hiyoM se rAjya mantritva kalA AtA thaa| unhoM ke putra kumAra sthUlibhadra the jo atyanta suzikSita, sudarzana, vIra aura kanA-premI the| vaha rAjakAja meM bhI pitA ko sahayoga dete the, kintu rAjadhAnI pATaliputra ko koSA nAmaka anindha rUpavatI evaM kalAnipuNa vaizyA-putrI ke prema meM saba kaSTa bhUla baiTe, yahA~ taka ki ghara-bAra chor3akara usI ke vilAsa bhavana: meM par3e rahane lge| pitA tathA anya parijanoM ne bahulerA prayala kiyA, kintu kisI kI na clii| ekadA svayaM hI apanI sthiti ko bhAna huA, citta meM bairAgya utpanna huA aura vaha azAnti ke samasta bandhanoM ko tor3akara cala par3e tathA sAdhu ho gye| pUrNatayA indriya vijaya karane ke uddezya se guru kI anumati lekara unhoMne ukta koSA gaNikA ke prAsAda meM hI cAturmAsa kiyaa| parIkSA meM saphala hue, aura unake caritra se prabhAvita hokara koSA ne bhI samasta rAgaraMga aura bhoga-vilAsa kA parityAga kara diyaa| vaha bhI eka saccaritra sAdhvoM strI kI bhA~ti apanA jIvana vyatIta karane lgii| prAyaH usI kAla meM, mahArAja mahAnadina ke bhAsana kAla ke antima vaSoM meM, vaha anuzruti-prasiddha dvAdaza-varSIya bhaMyakara durbhikSa par3A thA jisakI pUrva sUcanA kA AbhAsa dhAkara tatkAlIna saMghAcArya antima zruta-kevalI bhadrabAhu kaI sahasra ziSyoM ke sAtha dakSiNApatha ko bihAra kara gaye the| sambhavatayA yaha rAjA bhI unakA bhakta evaM ziSya hone ke kAraNa unhIM ke sAtha muni banakara dakSiNa deza calA gayA thaa| mahAvIra ni. saM. 162 (I.pU. 965) meM kaNATaka dezastha zravaNabelagola ke karavapra parvata para AcArya bhadrayAha ne kAla kiyA thaa| uparyukta durbhikSa kAla meM hI jaina saMgha meM prathama bAra phUTa par3ane ke bIja pdd'e| durmikSa kI upazAnti ke pazcAt magadha yA uttarI zAkhA ke AcArya sthUlibhadra hue aura unhIM ke netRtva meM zvetAmbara anuzruti kA pahalA jaina muni sammelana tathA paramparAgata zrutAgama kI cAyanA pATaliputra nagara meM huii| prAyaH usI kAla meM bauddhoM kI dvitIya saMgIti bhI pATaliputra meM huii| usI kAla meM siMghala dvIpa (laMkA) ke nareza pANDukAbhaya (I. pU. 367-107) ne apanI rAjadhAnI anurAdhApura meM jaina mandira aura maTha banavAye tathA do jaina muniyoM kA Adara-satkAra kiyA thaa| mahAnandi ke upasanta bagadha meM phira eka gharelU rAjya krAnti huii| usake. rAjyakAla ke antima varSoM meM deza bhISaNa duSkAla se pIr3ita rahA thA aura usa saMkaTakAla meM rAjya zAsana bhI avyavasthita ho gayA thaa| svayaM vRddha rAjA rAjya kA parityAga kara muni ho gayA thA aura videza calA gayA thaa| ina paristhitiyoM kA lAbha 4.6 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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hAvAkara eka sAhasI evaM cattara yavaka mahApadya ne rAjya siMhAsana para apanA adhikAra kara liyA / isa naye rAjA ke anya nAma sArthasiddhi aura ugrasena yUnAnI lekhakoM kA emez2a) prApta hote haiN| kabhI-kabhI bhrama se use dhanananda, dhanAnanda yA ghanAnanda bhI kahA mAtA hai, kintu yaha nAma usakA nahIM, usake jyeSTha putra yuvarAja hiraNyagupta yA harimuphta) kA aparanAma rahA pratIta hotA hai| mahApadmananda ke janma ke viSaya meM vibhinna kiMvadantiyA~ haiN| kucha pUrva- rAmadAsa napikA putra : 1. kahate haiM to kucha. use divAkIti nAmaka nApila nAI) ke sambandha se rAjA kI eka rAnI dvArA utpanna huA. batAte haiN| brAhmaNoM ke sAhitya meM use zUnna: yA zUdrajAta kahA hai, kintu jaina sAhitya meM sarvatra use aura usake vaMzajoM ko kSatriya kahA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM hai. ki. baha rAjyavaMza se hI sambandhita dhA; yadyapi mahArAja mahAnandina kA nyAyapUrvaka uttarAdhikArI nahIM thaa| sihAsana ko usane chala-bala-kauzala se hI hastamatta kiyA thaa| itihAsa meM prAtyanandi se mahAnandi parvanta rAje pUrvananda kahalAte haiM aura mahApA tathA isake vaMzaja uttarananda yA nbnndH| mahApadma ke ATha putra the, aura kyoki apane antima varSoM meM usane sajya kArya apane cana ghanAnanda Adi putroM ko hI prAyaH sauMpa diyA thA, isalie bhI isa vaMza ke lie 'navananda nAma prayukta hotA : mahApadmananda calura rAjanItijJa, kuzala zAsaka aura saphala vijetA thaa| usane zIghra hI zAsana ko suvyavasthita kara liyA, sAmrAjya kI sthiti sudRr3ha aura sImAoM ko surakSita kara liyA, aura dakSiNApatha para AkramaNa karake usa dizA meM bhI aneka pradezoM para adhikAra kara liyaa| tamila bhASA ke prAcIna saMgama sAhitya, anya dakSiNI anuzrutiyoM tathA 'navananda deharA' prabhRti. nAmoM se dakSiNa bhArata meM nandoM ke praveza evaM adhikAra kA samarthana hotA hai| magadha kA yaha nanda rAjA aba bahubhAga bhArata kA ekachatra samrAT thaa| usane 'sarvakSamAntaka ekarATa' viruda bhI dhAraNa kiyA thaa| sattara-pazcima meM paMcanada paryanta prAyaH samasta pradeza tathA liAga meM kuntala-jaise vizAla sumAga usake sAmrAjya ke aMga the| pATaliputra usakI pradhAna rAjadhAnI thI aura ujjayinI upa-rAjadhAnI thii| yUnAnI samrATa alakSendra (sikandara mahAna) ke sAtha AnevAle lekhakoM kA kathana hai ki vyAsa nadI ke usa pAra pUrva kI aura kA sampUrNa pradeza pAlidodhA (pATaliputra) ke isa atyanta zaktizAlI nandarAr3A ke adhIna thaa| usake pAsa vipula sainya zakti thI aura usake koSAgAra asimata dhana se bhare the| tandarAja ke bala kA isanA AtaMka thA ki sarvaprakAra prayatna karane para bhI sikandara I. pU. 326) apanI vizvavijayI senA ko nanda ke sAmrAjya kI sImA meM praveza karane ke lie tatpara na kara sakA, aura bhArata vijaya kA apanA svapna pUrA kiye binA hI use vApasa svadeza lauTa jAnA pdd'aa| nandarAja kA dhana-vaibhava deza-videza kI ISyA kA pAtra thA, to usakA abula bada sabake hadaya meM bhaya kA saMcAra karatA thaa| durbhikSa nanda-maura yuga ::45

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ke pariNAma se prabhAvita hokara usane gaMgA nadI se kRSi kI siMcAI ke lie eka nahara nikAlI thI jo bhAratavarSa kI sambhavatayA sarvaprathama mahara thii| rAjadhAnI ke nikaTa gaMgA ke garbha meM usakA vizAla koSAgAra thaa| usane pA~ca stUpa bhI nirmANa karAye the, jinake bhItara vipula dhanarAzi, surakSita rakhI gayI thii| taulane ke bA~ToM va mApoM Adi ke vyavasthIkaraNa kA zreya bhI isI nanda samrATa ko hai| yaha dAnI bhI bar3A thaa| eka vidvAna saMgha-brAhmaNa kI adhyakSatA meM usakA dAna-vibhAga saMcAlita hotA thA aura usakI dAmazAlA meM vibhinna yAcakoM ko vidyula drabya dAna diyA jAtA thaa| nandIzvara vidhAna ke uparAnta kArtikI aSTAhikA nAmaka jaina parva ke antima dina (kArtikI pUrNimA ko) sarvAdhika dAna kiyA jAtA thaa| usakA pradhAna mantrI zakaTAla thaa| rAjA kA kopabhAjana hone para usane apane putra se hI apanI hatyA kara lI thii| usake pazcAt svAmibhakta rAkSasa pradhAnAmAtya huaa| mahApaya vidvAnoM kA bhI Adara karatA thA ! aneka vidvAna usake darabAra meM Azcaya pAte the| zAstrArthoM meM bhI baha rasa letA thaa| pUrvanandoM kI bhA~ti samrAT mahApana aura usake putra evaM anya parijana bhI jainadharma ke anuyAyI the, isa viSaya meM vidvAnoM ko prAyaH koI sandeha nahIM hai| lagabhaga cautIsa varSa rANya karane ke uparAnta I. pU. 329 ke lagabhaga mahApA ne rAjyakArya se prAyaH avakAza le liyA thA aura rAjyAdhikAra ghanananda Adi AThoM "putroM kI saMyuktA pIvI pi samakArya aba bhI nAma se usI ke calatA thaa| sambhava hai ki rAjA pratimAdhArI pratI zrAvaka ke rUpa meM rahane lagA ho| isa kAla kI sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa prathama ghaTanA, yUnAnI samrATa sikandara mahAn kA pazcimottara bhArata para AkramaNa thA, jisake aneka acche aura bure pariNAma hue| ina yUnAniyoM ko sImAnta ke gAndhAra, takSazilA Adi nagaroM ke nikaTavartI anya pradezoM meM hI nahIM, varana sampUrNa paMjAba aura sindha meM yatra-tatra anekoM nagna (digambara) nirgandha sAdhu mile the jinakA unhoMne jimnosofisTa, jimneTAI, jenoi Adi nAmoM se ullekha kiyA hai| isa viSaya meM prAya: matabheda nahIM hai ki ina zabdoM se Azaya tatkAlIna evaM tattradezIya digambara jaina muniyoM kA hai| sindhu-ghATI meM aise hI kucha sAdhuoM kA unhoMne aureTAI ora vaireTAi zabdoM se ullekha kiyA hai| ye donoM zabda bhI jaina haiN| auraTAI se abhiprAya ArAtIya kA hai jo prAcIna kAla meM jaina muniyoM ke eka varga ke lie prayukta hotA thA aura kaireTAi kA bhAratIya rUpa "prAtya' (vratadhArI) hai, jo brAhmaNa virodhI zramaNopAsaka ke lie prayukta hotA thaa| uparyukta jaina sAdhuoM meM se kucha ke hilobAI' (knavAsI) nAma diyA gayA hai aura unheM sarvaza nispRha, digambara, aparigrahI, pANitala-bhojI, zuddha zAkAhArI, jJAnI-dhyAnI-tapasvI sUcita kiyA gayA hai| aise hI bhaNDana evaM kalyANa nAmaka do muniyoM se svayaM samrATa sikandara ne bhI sAkSAtkAra evaM vardhA-vArtA kI thii| samrAT ke Agraha para kalyANa muni to usake sAtha bAbula bhI gaye the jahA~ unhoMne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| yUnAnI lekhakoM 46 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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yasammaHIMAmmamm mellaka, kSullaka, brahmacArI, pramRti khaNDa yA alpavastradhArI pratI zrAvakoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| una yUnAnI lekhakoM ne tIrthakara AdinAtha aura unake putra bharata cakravatI se sambandhita loka-pracalita anuzrutiyoM kA bhI Alekha kiyA hai| nanda unasena, candragupta maurya, amitraghAta, hindusAra Adi ke sambandha meM unake vRttAnta jaina anuzruti se jitane samarthita hote haiM, utane anya kisI anuzruti se nahIM / mahatvapUrNa ghaTanAoM kI jo koI tithi Adi unhoMne dI haiM ye bhI vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra unheM jainoM se hI prApta huI thii| jaina vicAra kA prabhAva evaM prasAra bhI itanA vyApaka thA ki sUnAnI lekhakoM ne hiMsaka yajJoM kA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA aura yaha prakaTa kiyA hai ki brAhmaNa sAdhu aura paNDita mI zAkAhArI the| dUsarI mahAn ghaTanA isa kAla kI vaha rAjya krAnti thI jisameM nandavaMza prAyaH samApta ho gayA aura usake sthAna meM maurya vaMza sthApita 35225 2 samrAT candragupta maurya aura mantrIzvara cANakya 3. Adhunika dRSTi se bhAratavarSa ke zuddha vyavasthita rAjanItika itihAsa kA jo prAcIna yuga hai, usake prakAzamAna nakSatroM meM prAyaH sarvAdhika temapUrNa nAma candragupta aura cANakya haiN| IsA pUrva caudhauM zatAbdI ke antima pAda ke prArambha ke lagabhaga jisa mahAna rAjyakrAnti me zaktizAlI bhandavaMza kA uccheda karake usake sthAna meM maurya vaMza kI sthApanA kI thI, aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa thor3e hI samaya meM magadha sAmrAjya ko prathama aitihAsika bhAratIya sAmrAjya banAkara apane caramotkarSa para pahu~cA diyA thA, usake pradhAna nAyaka ye hI donoM guru-ziSya the| eka yadi rAjanIti vidyA-vicakSaNa evaM nIti-vizArada brAhmaNa paNDita thA to dUsarA parama parAkramI evaM tejasvI kSatriya vIra thaa| isa virala maNi-kAMcana saMyoga ko suganthita karanevAlA anya durlabhaH suyoga yaha thA ki yaha donoM hI apane-apane kula kI paramparA tathA vyaktigata AsthA kI dRSTi se jainadharma ke prabuddha anuyAyI the| .: prAcIna yUnAnI lekhakoM ke vRttAntoM, zilAlekhIya evaM uttaravartI sAhityika AdhAroM aura prAcIna bhAratIya anuzruti kI brAhmaNa evaM bauddha dhArAoM se yaha to patA cala jAtA hai ki magadha ke nanda rAjA ke baratAva se kupita hokara brAhmaNa rANakya maiM nandavaMza kA nAza karane kI pratijJA kI thI, dhIra candragupta ke sahayoga se yuddha nIti kA Azraya lekara vaha saphala manoratha huA thA, aura yaha ki una donoM ke prayatnoM se sAmrAjya vistRta, sabala aura sudRr3ha huA, zAsana-vyavasthA uttama huI tathA rASTra sukhI, samaddha, supratiSThita evaM sayumnata huA thaa| gata sArthaka eka lau varSoM kI zodha-khoja ne yaha tathya bhI prAyaH nirvivAda siddha kara diyA hai ki bhAratavarSa ke prAyaH sabhI mahAn aitihAsika samrAToM kI bhA~ti sarva-dharma-sahiSNu evaM ati ujhArAzaya hote hue bhI vyaktimatarUpa se candragupta maurya jainadharma kA anuyAyI thara / tathApi magadha kI manda-maurya yuga :: 47

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rAjanIti meM avatIrNa hone ke pUrva mANakya. Ara. candragupta kauna the, kyA the, unakA raktimatta evaM pArivArika jIvana kyA thA aura ina donoM kA anta kyA aura kaise huA, ina tathyoM para upayukta mAlikA sAdhana kArya prakAza nahIM ddaalte| ::..:: :: cANakya ke nAma se pracalita arthazAstra vizvavizruta grantha hai| kintu usa grantha ke tathA svayaM cANakya ke viSaya meM pI tatkAlIna yUnAnI lekhaka sarvathA mauna haiN| pATaliputra ke darabAra meM kaI varSa paryanta rahanevAlA yUnAnI rAjadUta megasthanIya bhI unakA koI ullekha nahIM krtaa| arthazAstra kA jo spalabdha saMskaraNa hai graha cANakya ke samaya se kaI sau varSa bAda kA paryApta prakSipta, truTita evaM vikRtaH saMskaraNa hai| bahuta. bAda ke likhe hue mudrArAkSasaH nATaka, kahA-saritaH sAgara; prabhUttiH kathA mantroM ke anusAra cANakara ke aparanAma bigagana aura kauTilya the| vaha kaTilaH kaTanIti kA upAsaka, atyanta krodhI, mAnI aura daridra vedAnuvAyI brAhmapA thaa| inhIM kayAoM meM candragupta kI murA nAmaka zUdrA dAsI se utpanna sthayaM rAjA manda kA putra batAyA hai| bauddha sAhitya meM use moriyA nAmaka vrAtyakSatriya jAti kA dudhaka sUcita kiyA hai| saubhAgya se jaina sAhitya meM, kaI vibhinna dvAroM se ina donoM aitihAsika vibhUtiyoM kA adha se anta taka saTIka isiyata prApta ho jAtA hai, jo anya aitihAsika sAdhanoM se bhI aneka dezoM meM samarpila hotA hai, athavA bAdhita nahIM hotaa| : : astu, cANakya kA janma IsA pUrva 973 ke sAgamA sorana viSaya ke antargata caya nAmaH ke grAma meM huA thaa| isa sthAna kI sthiti ajJAta hai| kahIM-kahIM use kasamapura (pATaliputra) aura kahIM-kahIM lakSazilA kA nivAsI bhI batAyA hai| usakI mAtA kA nAma baNezvarI aura pitA kA laNaka :thaa| bAgaka kA. putra hone se isakA nAma cAyAkya huA yaha loga jJAti-varNa kI apekSA grAharaNa the, kintu dharma kI dRSTi se dharmabhIrU jaina zrAvaka the| isameM kucha bhI Azcarya nahIM hai, Aja bhI karNATaka Adi meM aneka brAhmaNa kula-paramparA se jaina dharmAnuyAyI haiM: zikSa:khANakya ke muMha meM janma se hI dA~ta the, yaha dekhakara ghara ke logoM ko bar3A Azcarya huaa| prAyA sabhI koI jaina sAdhu ghaNaka: ke ghara padhAre to usane navarAta: zizu ko gurU caraNoM meM DAlakara unase isa adbhuta bAta kA ullekha kiyaa| dekha- sunakara sAdhu ne kahA ki yaha bAlaka bar3A hone para eka zaktizAlI nareza hogA / brAhmaNa sazakaH zrAvakocita santopo vRtti kA dhArmika vyakti thaa| vaisI hI usakI sahadharmiNI thii| rAjya vaibhava ko ke loga : pApa. aura pApa kA kAraNa samajhate the, ataraska: aNaka ne zizu ke dA~ta ukhAna jhAle isa para sAdhuoM ne bhaviSyavANI kI ki aba yaha bAlaka svayaM to rAjA nahIM hogA, kintu kisI anya vyakti ke upalakSya. yA mAdhyama se rAjya-zakila kA upayoga aura saMcAlana kregaa| baya- prApta hone para tatkAlIna zAna kendra : takSazilA tathA usake AsapAsa nivAsa karane vAle AcAryoM ke nikaTa cANakya ne chaha , baharAnuyoga, darzana, nyAya, pusata aura dharmazAstra aise caudaha vidyAsthAnoM kA adhyayana kiyA aura 4K :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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apane adhyavasAya se yogya samaya meM samasta vidyAoM evaM zAstroM meM vaha pAraMgata ho gyaa| vazomati nAma kI eka zyAmA sundarI ke sAtha isakA vivAha bhI ho gyaa| aura yaha brAhmaNocita zikSAvRtti se ApekSika daridratA ke sAtha jIvana-yApana karane lgaa| eka bAra usakI patnI apane bhAI ke vivAha meM sammilita hone ke lie apane mAyake gyii| yahA~ usakI nirAbharaNa evaM ati sAdhAraNa veza-bhUSA dekhakara usakI aura usake pati kI daridralA kA usakI sampanna bahanoM, bahanoiyoM tathA anya logoM ne upahAsa kiyA, jisase vaha bar3I duraDI huI 1 svAbhimAnI cANakya ne jaba vaha vRttAnta sunA to use bar3I AtmaglAni huI aura dhanopArjana kA dRr3ha nizcaya karake yaha paradeza ke lie ghara se nikala pdd'aa| mahArAja sarvArthasiddhi mahApAnanda vidvAnoM kA bar3A Adara karatA hai aura unheM puSkala dAnAdi se santuSTa karatA hai, yaha bAta jaba cANakya ne sthAna-sthAna meM sunI to vaha pATaliputra jA phuNcaa| vahIM usane rAjasamA ke samasta paNDitoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita. karake mahArAja ke dAna vibhAga (dANAraga) ke adhyakSa kA pada prApta kara liyA, jise saMgha-brAhmaNa bhI kahate the| kintu usakI kurUpatA, abhimAnI prakRti evaM uddhata svabhAva ke kAraNa yuvarAja siddhaputra hiraNyagupta dhanananda cANakya se ruSTa ho gayA aura usane usakA apamAna kiyaa| koI kahate haiM ki cANakya kA yaha apamAna mahArAja nanda aura yuvarAja kI upasthiti meM dAnazAlA kI paricArikA dvArA unakI prathama bheMTa ke avasara para hI kiyA gayA thaa| jo ho, apamAna se kSubdha aura kRpita cANakya ne bharI sabhA meM yaha bhI pratijJA kI ki, "jisa prakAra ugrayAyu kA pracaNDa' vega aneka zAkhA samUha sahita vizAla evaM utuMga vRkSoM kI jA se ukhAr3a pheMkatA hai, usI prakAra hai nanda ! maiM seTa, sere putroM, mRtyoM, mitrAdi kA samasta vaibhava sahita samUla nAza kruuNgaa|" krodha se taptAyamAna cANakya ne pATaliputra kA tatkAla parityAga kara diyaa| isa samaya use usa bhaviSyavANI kA smaraNa huA jo usake janmakAla meM jaina muniyoM ne kI thI ki vaha bar3A hokara kisI anya vyakti ke misa manuSyoM para zAsana karegA (etAhe vi biMbAntariyo sayA bhavissaI ti)| ataeva parivrAjaka ke bheSa meM aba ghANakya eka aise vyakti kI khoja meM phirane lagA jo eka bar3A rAjA hone ke sarvayA upayukta ho| tarAI pradeza meM nanda ke sAmrAjya ke hI bhItara pippalIvana ke moriyoM kA gaNatantra thaa| yaha loga zramaNopAsaka vrAtya kSatriya the| svayaM mahAvIra ke eka gaNadhara moriyapatra isI jAti ke the aura isa jAti meM jainadharma kI pravRtti thii| inakA eka pUrA grAma mayUrapoSakoM kA hI thaa| muni, AryikA, ailaka, kSullaka Adi samasta jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM mayUrapizadhArI hote the aura usa kAla meM unakI saMkhyA sahasoM meM thii| ataeva mayUrapoSaka evaM mayura- pichI nirmANa kA payasAya paryApta mahatvapUrNa thaa| bauddha grantha mahAvaMza kI prAcIna TIkA ke anusAra kosala ke yuvarAja biDDubha ke candra-maurya yuga :: 49

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atyAcAroM se pIr3ita hokara zAkya praveza se bhAge hue maurya jAti ke kucha logoM ne yaha mayUragrAma yA nagara basAyA thaa| saghana vRkSoM ke madhya svaccha jalAzaya ke nikaTa kekAdhvani se guMjAyamAna yaha eka atyanta ramaNIka sthAna thA aura usa bastI ke para mayUrAkRti tathA morapaMkhI raMgoM se citra-vicitrita the| isa ullekha se bhI jaina anuzrutiyoM kA hI samarthana hotA hai| zUdrAdAsI murA ke nAma se maurya zabda kI vyutpatti kI bAta bahuta bAda kI managaDhanta hai| ghUmate-ghUmate cANakya eka bAra isI grAma meM A pahu~cA aura usake mauryavaMzI mayahara (mukhiyA) ke ghara tthhraa| mukhiyA kI ikalautI lAr3alI putrI garbhavatI thI aura usI samaya use candrapAna kA vilakSaNa dohalA utpanna huA, jisake kAraNa ghara ke loga cintita the| kisI kI samajha meM nahIM A rahA thA ki dohalA kaise zAnta kiyA jaae| cANakya ne AzvAsana diyA ki vaha garbhiNI ko candrapAna karAke usakA dohalA zAnta kara degA, kintu zarta yaha hai ki utpanna honevAle zizu para yadi vaha putra huA to cANakya kA adhikAra hogA aura vaha jaba cAhegA use apane sAtha le jaaegaa| anya cArA na dekhakara zarta mAna lI gayI aura cANakya ne eka thAlI meM jala (athavA zrIra dUdha) bharakara aura usameM AkAzagAmI pUrNacandra ko pratibimbita karake garbhiNI ko isa caturAI se pilA diyA ki use vizvAsa ho gayA ki usane candrapAna kara liyA hA zAntIya www anyatra ke lie prasthAna kara gyaa| kucha mAsa pazcAt mukhiyA kI putrI ne eka candropama sudarzana, sulakSaNa evaM tejasvI putra ko janma diyaa| ukta vicitra dohale ke kAraNa usakA nAma candragupta rakhA gayA (caMdagutto se nAma kaye) aura yAjasya se kI gayI pratijJA ke anusAra use parivrAjaka kA putra kahA jAne lgaa| sambhavatayA usake apane pitA ko kisI yuddha Adi meM vIragati prApta ho cukI thI / nanda dvArA cANakya kA apamAna aura candragupta kA janma Adi ghaTanAe~ IsA pUrva 345 ke lagabhaga huI pratIta hotI haiN| vizAla sAmrAjya ke svAmI zaktizAlI mandoM ko jar3a se ukhAr3a pheMkanA koI ha~sI-khela nahIM thaa| cANakya isa bAta ko acchI taraha jAnatA thA, kintu vaha apanI dhuna kA bhI pakkA thA, ataeva dhairya ke sAtha apanI taiyArI meM saMlagna ho gyaa| agale kaI varSa usane dhAtu vidyA kI siddhi evaM svarNa Adi dhana ekatra karane meM vyatIta kiye batAye jAte haiN| ATha-dasa varSa pazcAt punaH cANakya usI mayUragrAma meM akasmAt A niklaa| vaha grAma ke bAhara thakAna miTAne ke lie eka vRkSa kI chAyA meM baiTha gayA aura usane dekhA ki sAmane maidAna meM kucha bAlakaM khela rahe haiN| eka sundara ghapala tejasvI bAlaka rAjA banA huA thA aura anya sabapara zAsana kara rahA thaa| kucha dera to cANakya mugdha huA bAlakoM ke usa kautuka ko dekhatA rahA, vizeSakara bAla rAjA ke abhinaya ne use atyadhika AkRSTa kiyA / samIpa Akara dhyAna se dekhA to use usa bAlaka meM sAmudrika zAstra ke anusAra eka cakravartI samrAT ke sabhI lakSaNa dIkha 1 50 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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MonastasianAOOTBe n pdd'eN| aura adhika parIkSA karane ke lie usane bAla rAjA ke sammukha vAcaka banakara bhikSA mA~gI / bAlaka ne tatparatA se kahA 'bolo kyA cAhate ho, jo cAho abhI mileNgaa'| cANakya ne kahA, 'maiM godAna cAhatA hU~, kintu mujhe bhaya hai ki tuma merI mAMga pUrI na kara sakoge, anya loga isakA virodha kreNge|' bAla rAjA ne turanta taiza ke sAtha pratyuttara diyA, yaha Apa kyA kahate haiM : rAjA ke sAmane se koI yAcaka binA icchita dAna liye calA jAe, yaha kaise ho sakatA hai? pRthvI kIroM ke hI upabhoga ke lie hai (bIra bhojjA puSI) / bAlaka ke isa uttara se usakI rAjyocita udAratA, anya sadguNoM evaM vyaktitva kA cANakya para aisA prabhAva par3A ki vaha usake sAthiyoM se usakA paricaya prApta karane kA lobha saMvaraNa na kara skaa| bAlakoM ne jaba use batAyA ki vaha grAma mayahara moriya kA dauhitra hai, nAma candragupta hai aura eka parivrAjaka kA putra kahalAtA hai, to cANakya ko yaha samajhane meM dera na lagI ki yaha vahI bAlaka hai jisakI mAtA kA dohalA usane yakti se zAnta kiyA thaa| vaha atyanta prasanna huA aura bAlaka ke abhibhAvakoM se milakara, unheM unake bacana kA smaraNa karAke bAlaka ko apane sAtha lekara usa sthAna se palAyana kara gyaa| usane pratijJA kI ki isa candragupta ko hI rAjA banAkara vaha apane svapnoM ko sAkAra karemA / - kaI varSa taka usane candragupta kI vividha astra-zastroM ke saMcAlana, yuddha vidyA, rAjanIti tathA anya upayogI jJAna-vijJAna evaM zAstroM kI samucita zikSA dii| dhana kA use aba koI abhAba bhI nhiiN| dhIre-dhIre usake lie bahuta se yuvaka kIra sAthI bhI juTA diye| I. pU. 320 meM bhAratabhUmi para jaba yUnAnI samrATa sikandara mahAna ne AkramaNa kiyA to usase svadeza bhakta cANakya kA hRdaya bahuta dukhI huA, kintu vizva-vijayI sikandara kI prasiddhi se bhI vaha prabhAvita huA ! usane ziSya candragupta kI salAha dI ki vaha yUnAniyoM kI sainika paddhati, lainya saMcAlana aura yuddha kauzala kA unake bIca kucha dinoM rahakara pratyakSa anubhava prApta kre| 'yUnAnI zivira meM rahate hue candragupta para guptacara hone kA sandeha kiyA gayA aura use bandI banAkara samrATa ke sammukha upasthita kiyA gyaa| kintu usakI nirbhIkatA evaM tejasvitA se sikandara itanA prasanna huA ki usane use mukta hI nahIM kara diyA, varan puraskRta bhI kiyaa| sikandara ke sasainya deza kI sImAnta ke bAhara nikalate hI candragupta ne paMjAba ke dhAhIkoM ko ubhAr3akara yUnAno sattA ke viruddha vidroha kara diyA. yUnAniyoM dvArA adhikRta pradeza ke bahubhAga ko svatantra kara liyA, aura I. pU. 329 ke lagabhaga cANakya ke patha-pradarzana meM magadha-rAjya kI sImA para apanA eka choTA-sA svatantra rAjya sthApita karane meM bhI saphala ho gyaa| I. pU. 321 ke lagabhaga candragupta aura cANakya ne eka choTe se sainyadala ke sAtha chamaveSa meM nandoM kI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra meM praveza kiyA aura durga para AkramaNa kara diyaa| cANakya ke kUTa kauzala ke dAvajUda nandoM kI asIma sainyazakti ke manda-maurya yuga ::51

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sammukha ye burI taraha parAjita hue aura jaise-taise prANa bacAkara bhAga nikle| manda kI senA ne inakA dUra taka pIchA kiyaa| do bAra ye pakar3e jAne se bAla-bAla bce| cANakya kI turata-buddhi aura candragupta ke sAhasa tathA guru ke prati aTUTa vizvAsa ne hI inakI rakSA kii| isa bhAga-daur3a meM eka bAra candragupta bhUkha se maraNAsanna ho gayA thaa| usa avasara para bhI cANakya ne hI usakI prANarakSA kii| eka dina rAtri ke samaya kisI gA~va meM eka jhopar3e ke bAhara par3e hue ina donoM ne usa vRddhA dvArA apane putroM ko DA~Tane ke misa yaha kahate sunA ki cANakya adhIra evaM mUrkha hai| usane sImAvartI prAntoM ko hastagata kiye binA hI ekadama sAmrAjya ke kendra para dhAvA bolakara bhArI mUla kI hai| vRddhAputra thAlI meM parosI garama-garama khicar3I (yA daliyA) khAne baiThe the aura ekadama usake bIca meM hAtha DAlakara unhoMne apane hAtha jalA liye the| vRddhA cANakya kA dRSTAnta dekara unheM isa murkhatA ke lie gharaja rahI thI aura kaha rahI thI ki pahale kinAre-kinAre se khAnA prArambha kiyA jAegA to zanaiH-zanaiH bIca ke bhAga para bhI binA hAtha jalAye sahaja hI pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| cANakya ko apanI bhUla mAlUma ho gayI, aura una donoM ne aba navIna utsAha evaM kauzala ke sAtha taiyArI Arambha kara dii| vindhya aTavI meM pUrva-saMdhita apane vipula dhana kI sahAyatA se unhoMne sudRta sainya saMgraha karanA zurU kara diyaa| pazcimottara pradeza ke yavana, kAmboja, pArasIka, khasa Adi tathA anya sImAntI kI pulAta, zabara Adi mleccha jAtiyoM kI bhI eka balavAn senA bnaayii| vAhIka unake adhIna the hI, paMjAba ke malla (mAlada) gaNatantra ko bhI apanA sahAyaka banAyA aura himavatakUTa athavA gokarNa (nepAla) ke kirAta vaMza ke gyArahaveM rAjA paMcama upanAma parvata yA parvatezvara ko bhI vijita sAmrAjya kA AdhA bhAga de dene kA pralobhana dekara apanI aura milA liyaa| anya candragupta aura cANakya ne nanda sAmrAjya ke sImAvartI pradezoM para adhikAra karanA zurU kiyaa| eka ke pazcAta eka grAma, nagara, durga aura gar3ha chala-bala-kauzala se jaise bhI banA ye hastagata karate cle| vijita pradezoM evaM sthAnoM ko susaMgaThita evaM vyavasthita karate hue tathA apanI zakti meM uttarottara vRddhi karate hue antataH ye rAjadhAnI pATaliputra taka jA phuNce| nagara kA gherA DAla diyA gayA aura usapara anavarata bhISaNa AkramaNa kiye gaye aura usake bhItara phUTa evaM SaDyantra bhI racAye gye| candragupta ke parAkrama, raNakauzala evaM sainya-saMcAlana-paTutA, cANakya kI kUTanIti evaM sadaiva sajaga gRddha-dRSTi tathA parvata kI dussAhasapUrNa barbarayuddha priyatA, tInoM kA saMyoga thaa| nandra bhI vIratA ke sAtha DaTakara lar3e, kintu eka-eka karake sabhI nandakumAra lar3ate-lar3ate vIragati ko prApta hue / antataH vRddha mahArAja mahApadmananda ne hatAza hokara dharmadvAra ke nikaTa hathiyAra DAla diye aura AtmasamarpaNa kara diyaa| arthazAstra meM jise zrAhmaNadvAra aura nijhanakayA-jAsana meM mahAmAra kahA hai, sambhavatayA yaha dharmadvAra nagara 52 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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prAcIra kA vahI pramukha dvAra thaa| vRddhananda ne cANakya ko dharma kI duhAI dekara yAcanA kI ki use saparivAra surakSita anyatra calA jAne diyA jaae| cANakya kI abhISTa siddhi ho cukI thii| usakI bhISaNa pratijJA kI lagabhaga pacIsa varSa ke athaka prayatna ke uparAnta prAyaH pUrti ho cukI thI aura yaha kSamA kA mahatva bhI jAnatA thA, ataeva usane nandarAja kI saparivAra nagara evaM rAjya kA parityAga karake anyatra cale jAne kI anumati udAratApUrvaka pradAna kara dI aura yaha bhI kaha diyA ki jisa ratha meM vaha jAe usameM jitanA dhana vaha apane sAtha le jA sake vaha bhI le jaae| astu nandarAja ne apanI do patniyoM aura eka putrI ke sAtha kucha dhana lekara ratha meM savAra ho nagara kA parityAga kiyaa| kintu jaise hI nanda kA ratha patana kA huA canda duraMdharA aparanAma suprabhA ne zatru sainya ke netA vijayI vIra candragupta ke sudarzana rUpa kI jo dekhA to prathama dRSTi meM hI vaha usapara mohita ho gayI aura premAkula dRSTi se punaH punaH usakI ora dekhane lgii| idhara candragupta kI vahI dazA huI aura vaha zrI apanI dRSTi usa rUpasI rAjanandinI kI ora se na haTA skaa| ina donoM kI dazA ko lakSya karake nandarAja aura cANakya donoM ne hI unake svayaMcarita pariva kI saharSa svIkRti de dii| tatkAla sundarI suprabhA pitA ke ratha se kUdakara candragupta ke ratha para jA cddh'ii| kintu isa ratha para usakA paga par3ate hI usake pahiye ke nI Are tar3Aka se TUTa gaye ( nava aragA bhaggA) | sabane socA ki yaha amaMgala-sUcaka apazakuna hai, kintu samasta vidyAoM meM pAraMgata cANakya ne unheM samajhAyA ki bhaya kI koI bAta nahIM hai, yaha to eka zubha zakuna hai aura isakA artha hai ki isa nava-dampatI kI santati nau pIr3hI taka rAjyabhoga kregii| ga aba vIra candragupta maurya nandaduhitA rAjarAnI suprabhA ko agramahiSI banAkara magadha ke rAjya siMhAsana para AsIna huA aura nandoM ke dhana-janapUrNa vizAla evaM zaktizAlI sAmrAjya kA adhipati huaa| isa prakAra lagabhaga cAra varSoM ke anavasta yuddha-prayatnoM evaM saMgharSo ke phalasvarUpa I. pU. 317 meM pATaliputra meM nandavaMza kA patana aura usake sthAna meM mauryavaMza kI sthApanA huii| candragupta ko samrAT ghoSita karane ke pUrva cANakya ne nanda ke svAmibhakta mantrI rAkSasa ke SaDyantroM ko viphala kiyA aura use candragupta kI sevA meM kArya karane ke lie rAjI kara liyaa| usane kirAtarAja parvatezvara ko bhI rAkSasa dvArA candragupta kI hatyA ke lie bhejI gayI viSakanyA ke prayoga se maravA DAlA aura candragupta kA mArga saba ora se niSkaNTaka kara diyaa| anya purAne yogya mantriyoM, rAjapuruSoM evaM karmacAriyoM ko bhI usane sAma-dAma-bhaya-bheda seM navIna samrAT ke pakSa meM kara liyaa| vaha svayaM mahArAja kA pradhAnAmAtya rhaa| mantrIzvara cANakya ke sahayoga se samrAT candragupta maurya ne sAmrAjya kA vistAra evaM susaMgaThana kiyA aura usake prazAsana kI sucAru vyavasthA kii| isa nareza ke zAsanakAla meM rASTra kI zakti aura samRddhi kI uttarottara vRddhi hotI gyii| I. pU. nanda-maurya yuga 53

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612 meM usane avanti ko vijaya karake ujjayinI ko phira se sAmrAjya kI uparAjadhAnI banAyA / magadha se nandoM kA uccheda ho jAne para bhI ujjavinI meM unake kucha vaMzaja yA sambandhI svatantra bane rahe pratIta hote haiN| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki vRddha mahApadma nanda ko isI nagara meM rahane kI anumati de dI gayI ho aura aba usakI mRtyu ho gayI ho| syAt yahI kAraNa hai ki kucha jaina anuzrutiyoM meM nandavaMza kA anta mahAvIra ni. saM. 210 (I. yU. 317) meM aura kucha meM ma. ni, saM. 215 (I. pU. 312 kathana kiyA gayA hai| ujjayinI para adhikAra karane ke pazcAt candragupta ne dakSiNa bhArata kI digvijaya ke lie prayAsa kiyaa| mAlavA se surASTra hote hue usane mahArASTra meM praveza kiyaa| surASTra meM usane girinagara (ujjayanta-giri) meM bhagavAna neminAtha kI vandanA kI aura parvata kI talahaTI meM sudarzana nAmaka eka vizAla sarovara kA usa prAnta ke apane rAjyapAla vaizya puSpagupta kI dekha-rekha meM nirmANa kraayaa| ukta sudarzana sarovara ke taTa para nirgrantha muniyoM ke nivAsa ke lie guphAe~ (leNa) bhI banavAyIM, jinameM se pradhAna leNa candraguphA ke nAma se prasiddha huii| mahArASTra, kokaNa, kapATaka, Andhra evaM tamila deza paryanta candragupta maurya ne apanI vijaya-vaimayantI phhraayii| prAcIna tamila sAhitya, dAkSiNAtya anuzrutiyoM evaM katipaya zilAlekhoM se mauyoM kA ukta dakSiNIya pradezoM para adhikAra honA pAyA jAtA hai| dakSiNa deza kI isa vijaya-yAtrA meM eka anya preraka kAraNa bhI thaa| candragupta kA nija kula moriya AcArya bhadrabAhu-zrutakevalI kA bhakta thaa| pUrvokta duSkAla ke samaya ina AcArya ke sasaMgha dakSiNa deza ko vihAra kara jAne para bhI ve loga unhIM kI AmnAya ke anubAyI rahe aura magadha meM raha jAnevAle sthUlibhadra Adi sAdhuoM saDsa unakI paramparA ko unhoMne mAnya nahIM kiyaa| bhadrabAhu kI ziSya paramparA meM jo AcArya isa bIca meM hue vaha dakSiNa deza meM hI rahe, tathApi uttarabhArata (magadha Adi) ke aneka jainIjana svayaM ko AcArya bhadrabAhu-zrutakevalI kA hI anuyAyI mAnate aura kahate rhe| candragupta, cANakya Adi isI AmnAya ke the| ataeva AnAya-guru bhadrabAhu ne karNATaka deza ke jisa kaTavapra aparanAma kumArIparvata para samAdhimaraNapUrvaka dehatyAga kiyA thA, puNya-tIrtha ke rUpa meM usakI vandanA karanA tathA ukta AcArya kI ziSya paramparA ke muniyoM se dharma lAbha lenA aura unakI sAtA-suvidhA Adi kI vyavasthA karanA aise kAraNa the jo samrATa kI isa dakSiNa yAtrA meM preraka rahe pratIta hote haiN| candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla kI eka anya ati mahatvapUrNa ghaTanA I. pU. 10 meM madhya eziyA ke mahAzaktizAlI yUnAnI samrATU selyukasa niketara dvArA bhAratavarSa para kiyA gayA bhArI AkramaNa thaa| candragupta-jaise narendra aura cANakya-jaise mantrIrAja asAvadhAna kaise raha sakate the| unakA guptacara vibhAga bhI supuSTa thaa| maurya senA ne turanta Age bar3hakara AkramaNakArI kI gati ko rokaa| svayaM samrATa candragupta ................... 54 :: prapukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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AartimiiOINTam . indindian ne sainya saMcAlana kiyaa| vaha yUnAniyoM ko yuddha pranAlI se bhalIbhA~ti pArIcita thA, usake guNoM ko bhI jAnatA thA aura doSoM ko bhii| bhISaNa yuddha huaa| pariNAmasvarUpa khunAnI senA burI taraha parAjita huI aura svayaM samrAT selyukasa bandI huaa| usakI yAcanA para maurya samrATa ne sandhi kara lI, jisake anusAra sampUrNa paMjAba aura sindha para hI nahIM, paran kAbula, hirAta, kandahAra, bilocistAna, kamboja (badarazA~) aura pAmIra para nAya samrATa kA oNdhakAra ho gayA aura bhArata ke bhAgolika sImAntoM se bhI yUnAnI sattA tirohita ho gyii| selyukasa meM apanI priya putrI helana kA vivAha bhI maurya nareza ke yuvarAja ke sAtha kara diyA 1 prAyaH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki yavana rAjakumArI kA vivAha svayaM candragupta ke sAtha huA, kintu adhika sambhAvanA yuvarAja bindusAra ke sAtha hone kI hai| maitrI ke pratIka svarUpa maurya samrATa ne bhI yavanarAja ko pAMca sau hAthI bheMTa kiye| isa prakAra samrAT candragupta maurya ne apane parAkrama evaM rAjanItika sUjha-bUjha se apanI svabhAva-siddha prAkRtika sImAoM se baddha prAyaH sampUrNa sArata mahAdeza para apanA ekachatra Adhipatya sthApita kara liyaa| itanI pUrNatA ke sAtha samagra bhAratavarSa para Aja paryanta sambhavatayA anya kisI samrAT yA ekarASTra rAjyasattA kA, mugaloM aura a~garejoM kA bhI adhikAra nahIM huaa| isI yuddha ke pariNAmasvarUpa yavanarAja kA megasthanIja nAmaka yUnAnI rAjadUta pATaliputra kI rAjasabhA meM I. pU. 303 meM AyA, kucha samaya yahA~ rahA, aura usane maurya sAmrAjya kA vividha vivaraNa likhA jo ki bhArata ke tatkAlIna itihAsa kA bahumulya sAdhana bnaa| usane bhAratavarSa ke bhUgola, rAjanItika vimAgoM, prAcIna anuzruliyoM, dhArmika vizvAsoM evaM rItirivAjoM, janatA ke ucca caritra evaM ImAnadArI, rAjadhAnI kI sundaratA, surakSA evaM sudRr3hatA, samrATra kI dinacaryA evaM vaiyaktika parica, usako nyAyapriyatA, rAjanItika paTutA aura prazAsana kuzalatA, vizAla caturaMgiNI senA jisameM cAra lAkha vIra sainika, nau hajAra hAthI tathA sahasroM azva, ratha Adi the aura jisakA anuzAsana atyuttama ghA, prajA ke dArzanika (yA paNDita), zilpI, vyavasAyI evaM vyApArI, vyAdha evaM pazupAlaka, sipAhI, rAjyakarmacArI, guptacara va nirIkSaka, mantrI evaM amAtya Adi, sAta vargoM kA, senA ke vibhinna vibhAgoM kA, rAjadhAnI evaM anya mahAnagarivoM ke nAgarika prazAsana ke lie chaha vibhinna samitiyoM kA, ityAdi aneka upayoga bAtoM kA varNana kiyA hai| use yaha dekhakara Azcarya huA thA ki bhAratavarSa meM dAsa-prathA kA abhAva hai| usane yaha bhI likhA hai ki bhAratavAsI lekhanakalA kA vizeSa Azraya nahIM lete aura apane dharmazAstroM, anuzrutiyoM tathA anya dainika kAnoM meM bhI adhikatara maukhika paramparA evaM smRti para hI nirbhara rahate haiN| prajA kI janma-mRtyu gaNanA kA vivaraNa, videziyoM ke gamanAgamana kI jAnakArI, nApa-taula evaM bAjAra kA niyantraNa, atithizAlAe~, dharmazAlAe~, rAjapathe Adi kA saMrakSaNa sabhI kI uttama vyavasthA thii| deza kA dezI evaM videzI vyApAra bahuta unnata nanda maurya yuga ::

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thaa| bar3e-bar3e seTha aura sArthavAha the, nAnA prakAra ke udyoga-dhandhe the, rAjA aura prajA donoM hI atyanta dhana vaibhava sampanna the, vidvAnoM kA deza meM Adara thaa| svayaM samrATa zramaNoM evaM brAhmaNoM ko rAja-prAsAda meM Amantrita karake athavA usake pAsa jAkara Avazyaka parAmarza lete the| kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM sampUrNa bhAratavarSa ke rUpa meM cakravartI kSetra kI jo paribhASA hai vahI samudra paryanta, Asetu-himAMcala bhUkhaNDa isa maurya samrATa ke adhIna thA, jo vijita, anta aura aparAnta kSetroM ke bheda se tIna vagoM meM vibhakta thaa| jo bhAga sIdhe kendrIya zAsana ke antargata thA vaha vijita kahalAtA thA aura aneka cakroM meM vibhAjita thaa| triratna, caitvavRkSa, dIkSAvRkSa Adi jaina sAMskRtika pratIkoM se yukta kucha sikke bhI isa maurya samrAT ke prApta hue haiN| vyaktigata rUpa se samrAT candragupta maurya dhArmika bhI thA aura sAdhu-santoM kA vizeSa Adara karatA thA; jabaki brAhmaNIya sAhitya meM use vRSala yA zUdra tathA dAsI-putra kahA hai| jaina anuzrutiyoM meM use sarvatra zuddha kSatriya kulotpanna kahA hai| IsavI sana ko prArambhika zatAbdiyoM ke prAcIna siddhAnta-zAstra tilovapaNNatti meM candragupta ko una mukuTabaddha mANDalika samrATI meM antima kahA gayA hai jinhoMne dIkSA lekara antima jIvana jaina muni ke rUpa meM dhyatIta kiyA thaa| vaha AcArya bhadravAha-zrutavalI kI AmnAya kA upAsaka thA aura unakA hI padAnusaraNa karane kA abhilASI thaa| ataeva lagabhaga pacIsa varSa rAjyabhoga karane ke uparAnta IsApUrva 298 meM putra bindusAra ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara aura use guru cANakya ke hI abhibhAvakatva meM chor3a dakSiNa kI ora prayANa kara gyaa| mArga meM surASTra ke girinagara kI jisa guphA meM usane kucha dina nivAsa kiyA, vaha sabhI se candraguphA kahalAne lgii| sambhavatayA yahIM usane muni-dIkSA lI thii| vahIM se calakara yaha rAjarSi kaNATakadezastha zravaNabelagola pahu~cA jahA~ AcArya bhadrabAhu divaMgata hue the| usa sthAna ke eka parvata para munirAja candragupta ne tapasyA kI aura vahIM kucha varSa uparAnta sallekhanApUrvaka deha tyAga kiyaa| unakI smRti meM hI yaha parvata candragiri nAma se prasiddha huaa| usakI jisa guphA meM unhoMne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA usameM unake caraNa-cinha bane haiM aura vaha sthAna candragupta-yasati ke nAma se prasiddha rahatA AyA hai| vahIM Asa-pAsa lagabhaga Der3ha hajAra varSa prAdhIna kaI zilAlekha bhI aMkita haiM jinameM isa rAjarSi ke jIvana kI unnata mahAn antima ghaTanA ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| mUlasaMdhI muniyoM kA candraguptagacA yA candragayA inhIM candraguptAcArya ke nAma para sthApita huA mAnA jAtA hai| isa mahAn jaina samrAT ke samaya meM hI bhAratavarSa prathama bAra tathA antima bAra hai bhI, yadi usake svayaM ke putra bindusAra evaM pautra azoka ko chor3a deM, apanI rAjanItika pUrNatA evaM sAmrAjyika ekatA ko prApta huA aura magadha sAmrAjya ke rUpa meM bhAratIya sAmrAjya apane caramotkarSa ko pahuMcA thaa| cANakya bho paryApta vRddha ho cuke the aura rAjakArya se virata hokara 56 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM,

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Atma kalyANa karane ke icahaka the| mahAgaja candragupta ke atyanta anurodhavaza unhoMne yuthaka samrAT bindusAra kA patha-pradarzana karane ke lie vaha vicAra sthagita kara diyA, kintu do-tIna varSa bAda hI vaha bhI mantriya kA bhAra apane ziSya saMdhAgupta ko sauMpakara munidIkSA lekara tapazcaraNa ke lie cale gaye the| bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi atyanta prAcIna jaina granthoM meM munIzvara cANakya kI durdhara tapasyA aura ghora upasarga sahate hue salalekhanApUrvaka deha-tyAga karane ke varNana milate haiN| bhArata ke usa mahAna maurya sAmrAjya ke kuzala zilpI, niyAmaka aura saMcAlaka tathA rAjanIti ke vizvavizruta grantha 'arthazAstra' ke mUla praNetA, nIti ke AcArya jaina mantrIzvara cANakya aura unake suziSya jaina samrATa candragupta maurya kI addhitIya jor3I, jaina itihAsa kI hI nahIM, sampUrNa bhAratIya itihAsa kI amara upalabdhi hai| ina donoM rAjanItika vibhUtiyoM kI sarvopari vizeSatA yaha thI ki unhoMne vyaktigata dhArmika vizvAsoM ko rAjanIti evaM prazAsana se sarvathA asampRkta rkhaa| eka zastravIra kSatriya thA to dUsarA zAstravIra brAhmaNa, aura nijI dhArmika AsthA kI dRSTi se donoM hI parama jaina the, aise ki antima jIvana donoM ne hI Adarza nirgrantha tapasvI jaina puni ke rUpa meM vyatIta kiyA / tathApi eka vizAla sAmrAjya ke samrATa evaM pradhAnAmAtya ke rUpa meM unakA samasta lokavyavahAra pUrNatayA vyAvahArika, nItipUrNa, asAmpradAyika evaM dharmanirapekSa thaa| sAmrAjya kA utkarSa aura pratiSThA tathA prajA kA hita aura maMgala jaise bane, sampAdana karanA hI unakA eka mAtra dhyeya thaa| yaha Adeza Adhunika yuga kI rAjanIti, jo zAsakoM aura jaina-netAoM ke lie bhI spRhaNIya hai sahaja sAdhya nahIM hai| vindusAra amitraghAta samrAT candragupta maurya ke unakI pahamahiSI nandasutA suprabhA se utpanna jyeSTha putra yuvarAja bindusAra amitraghAta (yUnAnI lekhakoM ke emiTroceTisa) ne pitA ke jIvana meM hI uttarAdhikAra prApta kara liyA thaa| siMhasena, bhadrasAra Adi usake kaI anya nAma bhI batAye jAte haiN| I. pU. 298 meM vaha siMhAsanArada huA aura lagabhaga pacIsa varSa paryanta vizAla evaM zaktizAlI maurya sAmrAjya kA ekAdhipati banA rhaa| prArambha meM mahAmantrI cANakya hI usake patha-pradarzaka rhe| yuvaka samrAT unakA bathocita Adara-sammAna tI karatA thA, parantu unake prabhAva se asantuSTa bhI thaa| rAjyakArya meM to Arya cANakya jada koI sakriya bhAga prAyaH lete nahIM the, kintu unake asIma adhikAra aba bhI pUrvavat the| bindusAra kA yaha asantoSa unase chipA nahIM rahA, ataeva vaha saMsAra kA tyAga karake muni ho gye| jAne ke pUrva amAtya pada kA bhAra vaha apane prazAsana-kuzala evaM suyogya ziSya rAdhAgupta ko sauMpa gaye the| bindusAra aba pUrNatayA svAdhIna-svacchanda thA, kintu candragupta aura cANakya ke abhibhAvakatva SAMA N ARASSOMeronicsongsRecor manda-bhAyaM yuga :: 57

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RAM meM jisakI zikSA-dIkSA huI thI, vaha nikammA thaa| azakta Asaka nahIM ho sakatA thA 1 usakA zAsanakAla zAntipUrNa evaM suvyavasthita hI rhaa| madhya eziyA Adi ke yUnAnI evaM bhAratIya-yUnAnI (yavana) narezoM ke sAtha bhI usake rAjanItika AdAna-pradAna hue| selyukasa ke uttarAdhikArI antiyokasa sotara ne usake darabAra meM deimAma rAja kSetrA zA aura miradeza ke rAjA dAlenI ne jhAyanisayonAma kA dUta bhejA thaa| ina narezoM ke sAtha usakA nAnAvidha meMToM aura upahAroM kA bhI maitrIpUrNa AdAna-pradAna huA thaa| bindusAra ne kaI yUnAnI dArzanikoM ko bhI bhArata Ane kA nimantraNa diyA thaa| candragupta ne dakSiNa vijaya to kI thI, kintu use susaMgaThita evaM sthAyI karane kA paryApta avasara use nahIM milA thaa| ataeva bindusAra ne dakSiNa yAtrA kii| apane mAtA-pitA kI bhA~ti yaha bhI jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| kulaguru AcArya bhadrabAhu ke samAdhisthAna tathA svapitA muni candragupta ke darzana karane, athavA sambhava hai unake svargavAsa ke uparAnta unakI tapaHsthalI tathA samAdhi kA darzana karane ke lie usa ora jAnA usake vyaktigata uddezya the, aura pUrva-vijita pradezoM ko bhI vijaya karake sAgara se sAgara paryanta sampUrNa dakSiNa bhArata para adhikAra karanA usake rAjanItika lakSya the| donoM meM hI vaha saphala huaa| bhadrabAha evaM candragupta kI tapobhUmi zravaNabelagola meM usane kaI jina mandira Adi bhI nirmANa karAye batAye jAte haiN| bauddha grantha 'divyAvadAna' meM isa pratApI maurya samrAT ko kSatriya mUrdhAbhiSikta kahA hai aura tibbatI itihAsakAra tArAnAtha ne use solaha rAjadhAniyoM evaM unake mantriyoM kA uccheda karanevAlA batAyA hai| pitA ke sAmanya meM usane kucha vRddhi hI kI thii| samapUrNa bhAratavarSa para unakA niSkaNTaka Adhipatya thaa| bindusAra kI kaI (eka mata se solaha) patniyA~ thIM, jinameM eka sambhavatayA yavanarAja 'selyukasa kI duhitA helana thI, tathA aneka putra the| kinhIM ke anusAra usake putroM kI saMkhyA eka sau-eka thii| usake antima dinoM meM takSazilA ke prAntIya zAsaka ke atyAcAroM ke kAraNa vahIM kI prajA ne vidroha kara diyA thaa| samrAT ke Adeza para rAjakumAra azoka ne vahA~ jAkara bar3I caturAI aura sUjha-bUjha ke sAtha vidroha kA zamana kiyA aura doSI adhikArI ko daNDita kiyaa| I. pU. 273 ke lagabhama isa dvitIya maurya samrATU bindusAra kA dehAnta huaa| ..... .. ................. azoka mahAn zrI azoka, azokacandra, azokavardhana, caNDAzoka Adi nAmoM se vibhinna anuzrutiyoM meM ullekhita azoka maurya kI gaNanA Adhunika itihAsakAra bhAratavarSa ke hI nahIM, vizva ke sarvamahAn samrAToM meM karate haiN| devAnAM-priya aura priya-darzI usakI upAdhiyoM thI, jo sambhavatayA usake pitA tathA anya kaI bhAratIya narezoM kI bhI rhiiN| vaha samrATa bindusAra kA jyeSTha putra nahIM thA, kintu susIma, sumana Adi 5 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAoM

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aneka putroM meM sarvAdhika yogya evaM parAkramI thaa| pittA ke zAsanakAla meM vaha suJjayinI kA zAsaka rahA thA aura usa samaya usane nikaTastha vidizA ke eka jaina zreSThI kI rUpa-guNa-sampannA asandhyamitrA nAmnI kanyA se vivAha kara liyA thA, jisase kuNAla nAma kA putra utpanna huA thaa| takSazilA ke vidroha kA saphalatApUrvaka damana karake usane usa prAnta kA zAsana-bhAra bhI kucha kAla sa~bhAlA thaa| inhIM saba kAraNoM se pUrva samrATa ne azoka ko hI yuvarAja ghoSita kara diyA thA, ataeva pitA kI mRtyu hote hI azoka ne rAjyasattA apane hAtha meM le lii| usake kaI bhAiyoM ne vidroha kisakA umeta samayA malA aura janatA bhI usake anukUla thii| lathApi pitA kI mRtyu ke kaI varSa pazcAt hI yaha vidhivata siMhAsanArUr3ha ho skaa| usake eka zilAlekha meM 250 saMkhyA kA ullekha milatA hai jisakA vibhinna viddhAna vibhinna artha lagAte haiN| yaha sambhava hai ki ukta saMkhyA tataH pracalita mahAvIra nirmANa saMvat kA vaha varSa ho jaba azoka kA vidhivata rAjyAbhiSeka huA thA aura jisake anusAra ukta ghaTanA kI tithi I. pU. 271-270 AtI hai| adhikAMza vidvAna bhI usake lie I. pU. 279-269 anumAna lagAte haiN| bauddha anuzrutiyoM kA yaha kathana ki azoka ne apane 99 bhAiyoM kI hatyA karake apanA caNDAzoka nAma sArthaka kiyA thA, atizayoktipUrNa hI nahIM varan asatya mAnA jAtA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki prArambha meM vaha ugra prakRti kA dRr3ha nizcayI evaM kaThora zAsaka thA tathA usane apane mArga ke samasta kaNTakoM ko nirmamatA ke sAtha ukhAr3a pheMkA thA aura anuzAsana ko DhIlA nahIM hone diyA thaa| kaliMga deza kI vijaya nandivardhana me I. pU. 424 ke lagabhaga kI thii| tabhI se baha rAjya magadha ke adhIna rahatA AyA thaa| nanda-maurya saMgharSa ke samaya sammavatayA kaliMga ke rAje ardhasvatantra se ho gaye the, yadyapi candragupta evaM bindusAra ke samaya meM unheM sira uThAne kA sAhasa nahIM huaa| bindusAra kI mRtyu ke uparAnta honevAlI antaHkalaha kA lAbha uThAkara unhoMne apanI svatantratA soSita kara do pratIta hotI hai| isa samaya kaliMga kA rAjA caNDarAya rahA pratIta hotA hai| ye rAje sambhavatayA mahAvIra kAlIna kaliMganareza jitazatru ke vaMzaja dhe| kinhIM kA anumAna hai ki jitazatru ke vaMza kI samApti para vahA~ vaizAlInareza ceTaka ke kisI vaMzaja ne adhikAra kara liyA thA aura usI kA vaMza aba kaliMga meM cala rahA thaa| jo ho, isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki kaliMga ke rAjyavaMza meM jaina dharma kI pravRtti thI aura ukta maNDasaya bhI jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA / astu, I. pU. 22 ke lagabhaga apane rAjya ke AThaveM varSa meM eka vizAla senA lekara azoka ne kaliMga rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyA, bhISaNa yuddha huA, lAkhoM sainika mRtyu ke ghATa utAra diye gaye, kaliMgarAja parAjita huA, pracaNDa azoka kA dabadabA sarvatra baiTha gyaa| aba pacAsoM varSa taka maurya samrAT ke viruddha sira uThAne kA sAhasa kisI ko bhI nahIM ho sakatA thA / parantu isa bhayaMkara narasaMhAra ko dekhakara ahiMsAmUlaka jainadharma ke nanda-mauyaM yuga :: 59

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saMskAroM meM pale bhauyaM azoka kI AtmA tilamilA uThI, bhale hI vaha, 'pracaNda kahalAtA thaa| usane pratijJA kara lI ki bhaviSya meM vaha raktapAtapUrNa yuddhoM se sarvathA virata rahegA 1 usakI aba baiMsI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM thii| sImAnta pradezoM sahita sampUrNa bhAratavarSa para usakA pUrNa ekAdhipatya thaa| zAsana-vyavasthA sucAru thii| sAmrAjya meM sarvatra zAnti aura samRddhi thI 1 aba samrATa ne apanA dhyAna zAntipUrNa kAryoM kI ora adhikAdhika diyaa| manuSyoM aura pazuoM ke lie cikitsAlaya khulavAye, purAne rAjapathoM kI marammata aura nayoM kA nirmANa karAyA, sar3akoM ke kinAre chAyAdAra vRkSA lagavAye. bAzayasyAdivopayogI kArya kiye| janatA ke nailika caritra ko unnata karane kA bhI usane prayatna kiyA aura unameM asAmpradAyika manovRtti paidA karane ke lie eka aise rASTradharma kA pracAra kiyA jo vyAvahArika evaM sarvagrAhya thaa| usane zramaNoM aura brAhmaNoM donoM hI vargoM ke vidvAnoM kA Adara kiyA, aura unakA satsaMga kiyaa| dharmayAtrAoM aura dharmotsakoM kI bhI yojanA kii| vibhinna sthAnoM kI yAtrA karake jaina, bauddha, AjIyika evaM brAhmaNa tIrtha aura darzanIya sthAnoM ko dekhaa| jisameM jahA~ lisa sudhAra kI AvazyakatA dekhI, use preraNA dvArA athavA rAjAjJA dvArA karAne kA prayatna kiyaa| jIva dayA aura vyAvahArika ahiMsA ko usane apanA mUlamantra inaayaa| apane mantavyoM kA pracAra karane ke lie prasiddha tIrthasthAnoM evaM kendroM meM usane zilAkhaNDau evaM kalApUrNa stambhoM para apanI vijJaptiyA~ utkIrNa karAyIM / ye abhilekha usane I. e. 255 ke uparAnta bhinna-bhinna samayoM meM kita karAye pratIta hote haiN| gaMgA ke nikaTa barAbara nAma kI pahAr3iyoM para usane AjIdhika sampradAya ke sAdhuoM ke lie leNe banavAyI, aura girinagara kI talahaTI meM apane pitA candragupta dvArA nirmApita sudarzana tAla kA bhI apane yavana adhikArI tuhaSAspha kI dekha-rekha meM jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| kazmIra ke zrInagara aura nepAla ke lalitapaTTana nAmaka nagarI ko basAne kA zreya bhI azoka ko hI diyA jAtA hai| usakI putrI cArumitrA evaM jAmAtA devapAla nepAla meM ho jA base the| sambhavatayA devapAla kI usane nepAla kA zAsana bhAra sauMpa diyA thaa| yaha dampatI jaina rahe pratIta hote haiN| nepAla meM usa kAla meM jainadharma praviSTa ho cukA thaa| karNATaka ke zravaNabelagola meM kucha jina-mandiroM kA nirmANa bhI azoka ne karAyA batAyA jAtA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki azoka bauddhadharma kA anuyAyI thA aura usa dharma ke pracAra-prasAra evaM unnati ke lie jo isa maurya samrATa ne kiyA vaha koI anya usake pUrva yA pazcAta nahIM kara skaa| kintu bauddha sAhitya evaM paravartI kAla kI bauddha anuzrutiyoM meM azoka se sambandhita jo aneka kathAe~ milatI haiM unameM se adhikatara ko atiraMjita athavA kapolakalpita mAnA jAtA hai| brAhmaNa anuzrutiyA~ isa samrAT ke viSaya meM mauna haiM aura jaina anuzrutiyoM meM usakeko ullekha yA vivaraNa milate haiM unase bauddha anuzruliyoM kA bahuta kama samarthana hotA hai| azoka ke sambandha 60 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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meM jo sabase bar3A aitihAsika AdhAra haiM, vaha ve zilAlekha haiM jo usake nAma le prasiddha ho rahe haiN| mukhyatayA unhoM ke AdhAra se samrAT azoka ke vyaktigata caritra, vicAroM, dhArmika vizvAsoM, anya kAryakalApoM, rAjyakAla evaM prazAsana Adi ke itivRtta kA nirmANa aura usakI mahattA kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai| parantu aise bhI kaI vidvAn haiM jo ina saba zilAlekhoM ko kevala azoka dvArA hI likhAye gaye nahIM mAnate, balki unameM se kucha kA zreya usake pautra samprati ko dete haiN| ina lekhoM se azoka ko bauddhadharma kA sarvamahAn pratipAlaka evaM bhakta citrita karanevAlI bauddha anuzrutiyoM kA bhI vizeSa samarthana nahIM hotaa| vastutaH ukta abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para azoka ke dharma ko lekara vidvAnoM meM sarvAdhika matabheda hai kucha unase yaha niSkarSa nikAlate haiM ki vaha bauddha thA aura bauddhadharma ke pracAra ke lie hI usane lekha oNketa karAye the, to kucha anya vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra lekhoM ko bhAva aura tadgata vicAra dharma kI apekSA jainadharma ke adhika nikaTa haiM, aura kyoMki usakA kuladharma jaina thA, azoka svayaM bhI yadi pUre jIvana bhara nahIM to kama se kama usake pUrvArdha meM avazya jaina thaa| aise hI vidvAn haiM, aura unakI bahulatA hotI jAtI hai, jo yaha mAnate haiM ki azoka na mukhyatayA bauddha thA aura na jaina, varan eka nItiparAyaNa prajApAlaka samrAT thA jisane apanI prajA ke naitika utkarSa karane ke hetu eka navIna samanvayAtmaka, asAmpradAyika evaM vyAvahArika dharma loka ke sammukha prastuta kiyA thA / vastutaH vaha bhI vyavahAra evaM prazAsana meM apane pUrvajoM kI dharma-nirapekSa nIti kA hI anusartA thA | yoM usane pazuvadha kA nivAraNa evaM mAMsAhAra kA niSedha karane ke lie kar3e niyama banAye the / varSa ke 56 dinoM meM usameM prANibadha sarvathA evaM sarvatra banda rakhane kI AjJA jArI kI thii| ve dina kauTilya ke arthazAstra meM diye gaye pavitra dinoM tathA jaina paramparA ke parva dinoM ke sAtha prAyaH pUrI taraha mela khAte haiN| uparyukta zilAlekhoM meM usake dvArA nigranthI (nagna jaina muniyoM) kA vizeSa rUpa se Adara karane ke bhI kaI ullekha haiN| jabaki sAmAnya zramaNa zabda se sarvaprakAra ke jaina sAdhuoM kA bodha hotA hI thA, jinameM usa kAla meM magadha Adi uttarI pradezoM meM bahulatA se pAye jAnevAle AcArya sthUlibhadra kI paramparA ke khaNDavastradhArI sAdhuoM kA samAveza thaa| 'rAjataraMgiNI' evaM 'AIne akabarI' ke anusAra azoka ne kazmIra meM jainadharma kA praveza kiyA thA aura isa kArya meM usane apane pUrvaja candragupta aura bindusAra kA anukaraNa kiyA thaa| kahIM kahIM azoka ke putra jAloka ko kazmIra meM jainadharma ke praveza kA zreya diyA jAtA hai jo usane sambhavatayA pitA kI svIkRti se hI kiyA aisA lagatA hai ki kaliMga yuddha ke Asa-pAsa azoka ne tiSyarakSitA nAma kI eka bauddha sundarI se vivAha kara liyA thA / adher3a samrAT apanI yuvA bauddha patnI ko prasanna karane ke lie bauddhadharma meM sambhavatayA kucha vizeSa dilacaspI lene lagA nanda-maurya yuga

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thaa| mathurA ke bauddha AcArya upagupta ke bhI area mA vAma samaya vaha aayaa| kucha hI samaya pazcAt pATaliputra meM tIsarI bauddha saMgIti bhI huii| samrATU ne buddha janmasthAna para lage rAjyakara ko bhI mAfa kara diyA tathA anya bhI kucha kArya bauddhoM ke anukUla kiye| apane antima dinoM meM vaha rAjyakArya se virata hokara eka tyAgI gRhastha yA pratI zrAvaka ke rUpa meM rahane lagA pratIta hotA hai| usa kAla meM usakI dAnazIlatA atizaya ko pahu~ca gayI batAyI jAtI hai, aura sammaya hai ki usakA adhikatara lAbha bauddhoM kI huA ho| inhIM saba kAraNoM se bauddhoM kI anuzrutiyoM meM vaha parama prabhAvaka bauddha-nareza ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA gayA pratIta hotA hai| I. pU. 244 yA 232 ke lagabhaga azoka maurya kI mRtyu huii| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki usakI gaNanA vizva ke sArvakAlIna mahAn narezoM meM ucita hI kI jAtI karuNa kuNAla samrATa azoka kI sambhavatayA prathama patnI vidizA kI zreSThikanyA asanmyamitrA kI kukSi se utpanna rAjakumAra kuNAla aparanAma suyaza atyanta sundara, suzikSita, susaMskRta, kalArasika, saMgIta-vidhA-nipuNa evaM bhadra-prakRti kA puruSa-puMgava thaa| vizeSakara usako kuNAla pakSI sadRza A~khoM ne usake rUpa ko atyanta AkarSaka banA diyA thaa| usakA vaha devopama rUpa aura apratima A~kheM hI usakA durbhAgya bana gyiiN| usako vimAtA, samrAT kI yuvA yauddha sanI tiSyarakSitA ne apanI maryAdA bhUla kumAra ko apane vaza meM karane kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA, kintu rAjakumAra zIlavAna aura sadAcArI thA, ataH rAnI apanI kuceSTAoM meM saphala na ho paayii| viphala-manoratha rAnI ne pratizodha kI cAlA meM dagdha ho eka ghRNita SaDyantra rcaa| samrA ne rAjakumAra ko ujjayinI kA prAntIya zAsaka niyukta kara diyA thA aura usane bhI pitA kI hI bhA~ti usI pradeza kI eka rUpaguNa-sampannA zreSTikanyA kaMcanamAlA se vivAha kara liyA thaa| vaha ekapatnIvratI thA aura apanI priyA se atyanta prema karatA thaa| usI se usakA samprati nAma kA putra utpanna huaa| idhara duSTA rAnI kA kucakra claa| usane rAjakamAra ke nAma samrATa se eka Adezapatra likhavAyA, jisameM rAjakumAra ko puraskRta karane kI bAta kahI gayI thii| rAnI ne patra ko rAjamudrAMkita karake apane vizvasta bhRtya ke hAtha rAjakumAra ke pAsa bhijavA diyA, kintu bhejane se pUrva usameM likhe 'adhIvatAm' zabda ko 'andhIyatAm' kara diyaa| yaha jAnatI thI ki rAjakumAra kuNAla atyamta pitRbhakta evaM rAjyabhakta hai| vahI huA-kumAra ne patra dekhate hI, samrAT pitA kI AjJA zirodhArya karake apanI donoM A~kheM phor3a lii| zIghra hI bane vimAtA ke kucakra kA patA bhI laga gyaa| anya vipatti kI bhI AzaMkA thI, ataeva patnI aura putra ko surakSita sthAna meM rakha, bhikhArI ke bheSa meM vaha 62 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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rAjadhAnI pATaliputra ke lie cala pdd'aa| vahA~ pahu~cakara vaha samrATa ke mahala ke nIce gAne lgaa| gIta ke boloM meM usane apanA paricaya tathA apane para kiye gaye atyAcAra kA bhI saMketa kara diyaa| azoka putra ke madhura kATa ko pahacAnatA thaa| usane bhikhArI gAyakavedhI rAjakumAra ko turanta apane pAsa bulavAyA aura pUrA vRttAnta jAnakara duSTA tiSyarakSitA ko jIte jI agni meM jalavA diyaa| usake sAthiyoM aura sahayogiyoM ko bhI kaThora daNDa diyaa| apane jyeSTha putra kI durdazA kA kAraNa eka prakAra se vaha svayaM hI banA thA, isalie samrAT ko svayaM bhArI pazcAttApa huaa| isane putra-vadhU aura pautra ko bhI bulA liyA aura una tInoM ko aba apane hI pAsa rkhaa| itanA hI nahIM, anya putroM ke hote hue bhI usane kuNAla putra samprati ko apanA uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara diyaa| azoka ke jIvana ke antima kaI varSoM meM to samasta rAjakArya yuvarAja kuNAla hI karatA thA aura usakI mRtyu ke bAda vahIM sAmrAjya kA uttarAdhikArI huaa| kintu kyoMki vahAdevA samma vayaska ho calA thA, pitA ke nAma se rAjya kArya kA saMcAlana karatA thaa| kuNAla kA kuladharma to jaina thA hI, usakI mAtA aura patnI bhI parama jina-bhakta thiiN| svabhAvataH rAjakumAra kuNAla eka uttama jaina thaa| usakI karuNa kahAnI hemacandrAcArya Adi jaina kathAkAroM ko priya viSaya rahI hai| ! RECER samrAT samprati samrAT samprati maurya jisake aparanAma indrapAlita, saMgata evaM vimatAzoka bhI the, I. pU. 230 ke lagabhaga svatantra rUpa se siMhAsanAsIna huaa| isake lagabhaga dasa varSa pUrva se hI rAjyakArya kA vastutaH saMcAlana bahI kara rahA thaa| pahale vRddha pitAmaha azoka ke antima varSoM meM apane pitA kuNAla ke yauvarAjya kAla meM, tadanantara azoka kI mRtyu ke uparAnta mahArAja kuNAla ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki azoka kI mRtyu ke kucha pUrva hI eka aisA pArasparika Antarika samajhautA ho gayA thA jisake anusAra samprati aura usake cacere bhAI dazaratha ke bIca sAmrAjya kA vibhAjana ho gayA thaa| samAT kA pada aura uttarAdhikAra samprati ko prApta huA aura usakI icchAnusAra ujjayinI pradhAna rAjadhAnI banI jahA~ se usane sAmrAjya kA Adhipatya kiyaa| dazaratha kI sAmrAjya kA pUrvottara bhAga milA, usakI rAjadhAnI pATaliputra raho aura vaha nAma ke lie sAmrAjya ke antargata evaM samrAT samprati ke adhIna, kintu vAstava meM prAyaH sarvathA svatantra zAsaka rhaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki azoka kI mRtyu ke pazcAt hama dazaratha ko pATaliputra meM aura samprati ko sujjavinI meM rAjya karate pAte haiN| azoka ke tatkAla uttarAdhikAriyoM meM bhI ina donoM kA nAma pAte haiM, kintu adhikatara srotoM meM azoka mahAna ke uttarAdhikArI ke rUpa meM samrAT samprati kA hI nAmollekha hai| apane pitAmaha azoka ke samAna hI samprati nanda-maurya yuga :: 68

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HowwwhATangibi0000000 "? REETra eka mahAn prajAvatsala, zAntipriya evaM pratApI samrAT thaa| sAtha hI apane pitA kupAla aura mAtA kaMcanamAlA se use dRta dhArmika saMskAra tathA bhadra evaM saumya pariNAma mile the| jainasaMgha kI mAgadhI zAkhA ke netA AcArya suhasti samprati ke dharmaguru the| unake upadeza se isane eka Adarza jaina nareza ko mA~ti jIvana vyatIta karane kA prAdalA kiyaa| isI samaya jainasaMgha kI isa zAkhA ne bhI magadha kA parityAga karake ujjayinI ko apanA pradhAna kendra banAyA, jahA~ use sammata se zaktizAlI samrAT kA sAkSAt evaM yatheccha Azraya prApta thA, jabaki magadha para AjIvika sampradAya ke bhakta dazaratha maurya kA zAsana thaa| samprati kA pArivArika jIvana bhI sukhI thaa| usake kaI rAniyoM evaM aneka putra-putriyoM thiiN| pariziSTaparva, sampratikathA, prabhAvakacarita Adi jaina granthoM meM isa samrATa ke bar3e prazaMsanIya varNana prApta hote haiN| bauddha anuzrutiyoM meM bhI usake ullekha prApta hote haiN| jinendra kI bhakti, jaina muruoM kA sevA-sammAna, jaina smArakoM kA nirmANa aura jainadharma kI prastAvanA evaM pracAra ke lie samrAT samprati meM jo athaka prayatna kiye, unake lie use zrAcakottama zreNika bimbisAra kI koTi meM rakhA jAtA hai aura sarvamahAna jaina narezoM meM usakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai / vAstava meM bauddha anuzruti meM bauddhadharma ke lie azoka ne jitanA kucha kiyA batAyA jAtA hai, jaima anuzruti meM jainadharma ke lie samprati ne usase kucha adhika ho kiyA batAyA jAtA hai| aneka jaina tIrthasthAnoM kI vandanA, purAne jinAyatanoM evaM tIrthoM kA jIrNoddhAra, anaginata navIna jinamandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA vibhinna sthAnoM meM nirmANa evaM pratiSThA, videzoM meM jainadharma ke pracAra ke lie sAdhu evaM gRhastha vidvAn pracArakoM ko bhejanA, dhotsavoM kA manAnA, sAmrAjya bhara meM hiMsA pradhAna jainAcAra kA prasAra karanA, ityAdi aneka kAryoM kA zreya isa samrAT ko diyA jAtA hai| vinseNTa smitha ke anusAra samprati ne araSa, IrAna, Adi yavana dezoM meM bhI jaina saMskRti ke kendra yA saMsthAna sthApita kiye 1 adhArya hemacandra ke pariziSTaparva prabhRti jaina granthoM ke AdhAra se pro. satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra kA kahanA hai ki "eka rAtri meM samprati ke mana meM yaha vicAra paidA huA ki anArya dezoM meM bhI jainadharma kA pracAra ho aura jaina sAdha svacchanda rIti se vibhara skeN| isake lie usane ina dezoM meM jaina sAdhuoM ko dharma pracAra ke lie bhejaa| sAdhu logoM ne rAjakIya prabhAva se zIghra hI janatA ko jainadharma aura jainAcAra kA anugAmI banA liyaa| isa kArya ke lie sampatti ne bahuta se lokopakArI kArya bhI kiye| garIboM ko mufta bhojana bA~Tane ke lie dAnazAlAe~ khulavAyIM / ina lokopakArI kAryoM se bhI jainadharma ke pracAra meM bahuta sahAyatA milii| samprati dvArA anArya dezoM meM pracAraka bheje gaye, isake pramANa anya granthoM meM bhI milate haiN| samprati ne bahuta se jaina vihAroM kA bhI nimANa karAyA thaa| ye vihAra anArya dezoM meM bhI banavAye gaye the|" pro. jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra kA kathana hai ki, "cAhe candragupta ke cAhe samprati ke samaya meM jainadharma kI buniyAda tamila 64 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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bhArata ke naye rAjyoM meM bhI jAjamI, isameM sandeha nahIM / uttara-pazcima ke anAva dezoM meM bhI samprati ke samaya meM jaina pracAraka bheje gaye aura vahA~ jaina sAdhuoM ke lie aneka vihAra sthApita kiye gye| azoka aura samprati donoM ke kArya se bhAratIya saMskRti eka vizva saMskRti bana gayI aura AryAvarta kA prabhAva bhArata kI sImAoM ke bAhara taka pahu~ca gyaa| azoka kI taraha usake isa pote ne bhI aneka imArateM banavAyIM / rAjapUtAne kI kaI jaina kalAkRtiyA~ usake samaya kI kahI jAtI haiN| jaina lekhakoM ke anusAra samprati samUce bhArata kA svAmI thA / " rAjasthAna ke apane sarvekSaNa meM aba se lagabhaga Der3ha sau varSa pUrva, karnala jemsa TADa ko usa pradeza meM kaI aise prAcIna bhagnAvazeSa mile the jI samprati dvArA banavAye gaye mandiroM ke anumAna kiye gye| kamalamera - durga ke nikaTa eka aise hI prAcIna jaina mandira ke avazeSoM ko dekhakara karnala TADa ne kahA thA, "bhAratavarSa ke bahuta se devAcaka aura zaiva logoM kI kArIgarI - bahula mandirAvali ke sAtha isa jaina mandira kI tulanA karane se usakI adhika vibhinnatA evaM sarala gaThana tathA anADambaratna dRSTigata hote haiN| mandira kI atyanta prAcInatA usameM kArIgarI kI alpatA se hI prakaTa hai| aura isI sUtra se sthira kareM ki jisa samaya candragupta ke vaMzadhara samprati isa deza ke sarvopari rAjA the (IsA ke janma ke do sau varSa pUrva) usa samaya kA banA huA yaha mandira hai| kiMvadantI se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjasthAna aura saurASTra meM jitane bhI prAcIna (jaina) mandira vidyamAna haiM, una sabake nirmAtA samprati haiN| yaha mandira parvata ke Upara banA huA hai aura vaha parvata pRSTha hI isakI bhittisvarUpa hone se yaha kAla ke karAla dA~toM se cUra-cUra na hokara abataka khar3A hai| isake pAsa hI jainoM kA eka aura pavitra devAlaya dikhAI detA hai, kintu vaha bilakula dUsarI rIti se banAyA gayA hai|" kaI vidvAnoM kA yaha bhI mata hai ki azoka ke nAma se pracalita zilAlekhoM meM se aneka sampati dvArA utkIrNa karAye gayeM ho sakate haiN| azoka ko apane isa pItra se atyadhika sneha thA ataeva jina abhilekhoM meM 'devAnAMpiyassa piyadastina lAjA' (devatA kA priyadarzin rAjA ) dvArA unake aMkita karAye jAne kA ullekha hai ve azoka ke na hokara samprati ke hoM, yaha adhika sambhava hai; kyoMki 'devAnAMpriya' to azoka kI svayaM kI upAdhi thI, ataeva samprati ne apane lie 'devAnAMpriyasyapriyadarzina' upAdhi kA prayoga kiyaa| vizeSakara jo abhilekha jIvahiMsA niSedha aura dharmotsavoM se sambandhita hai unakA sambandha samprati se jor3A jAtA hai| jo ho, priyadarzI rAjA ke nAmAMkita ukta abhilekhoM ke AdhAra para unake prastotA nareza dvArA dharmarAjya ke sarvocca AdarzoM ke anurUpa eka sadAcArapUrNa rAjya sthApita karane ke prayatnoM ke lie usa rAjarSi kI tulanA gaurava ke sarvocca zikhara para AsIna ijarAilI samrAT dAUda aura sulemAna ke sAtha aura svadharma ko zuddha sthAnIya sampradAya kI sthiti se uThAkara vizvadharma banAne ke prayAsa ke lie IsAI samrAT kAnsTenTAina ke sAtha kI nanda-maurya yuga :: 65

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jAtI hai| apanI dArzanikatA evaM pavitra vicAroM ke lie vaha romana samrATU mArakara oreliyasa kA smaraNa dilAtA hai to sAmrAjya vistAra evaM zAsana praNAlI kI daSTi se bhAlamana kaa| usakI sIdhI sarala punaruktiyoM se pUrNa prajJaptiyoM meM kAmavela kI zailI dhvanita hotI hai to anya aneka bAtoM meM vaha khalIphA umara aura akabara mahAna kI yAda dilAtA hai| vizva ke sarvakAlIna mahAn narendroM kI koTi meM isa prakAra parigaNita yaha bhAratIya samrAT, cAhe vaha azoka ho yA samprati, athavA dAdA-pote donoM hI saMyukta yA samAnarUpa se hoM, bhAratIya itihAsa ke gaurava haiM aura rheNge| jainadharma ke sAtha una donoM kA hI nikaTa evaM ghaniSTha sambandha thA, aura yadi hama samprati ko jIvana-bhara jainadharma kA parama utsAhI bhakta rahA pAte haiM, to azoka ko bhI sarvathA ajaina to kaha hI nahIM skte| jaina anuzruliyoM ke anusAra samrATa samprati kA zAsanakAla pacAsa varSa rhaa| tibbatI tArAnAtha 54 varSa yatAtA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki usane lagabhaga cAlIsa varSa svatantra zAsana kiyA aura lagabhaga dasa varSa pitAmaha tathA pitA ke zAsana meM yoga diyA thA 1 I. pU. 190 ke lagabhaga sAdhike sAThe gharSa kI Ayu meM isa dharmAtmA nareza kA dehAnta ho gyaa| zAlizuka maurya samprati kA jyeSTha putra zAlizuka ujjayinI meM samprati kA uttarAdhikArI huaa| vaha bhI apane pitA evaM adhikAMza pUrvajoM kI bhA~ti jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usane bhI dUra-dUra taka jainadharma kA pracAra kiyA, batAyA jAtA hai| vaha parAkramI bhI thaa| saurASTra evaM gujarAta pradeza sambhayatayA vidrohI ho gayA thaa| usane use punaH vijita kiyaa| isakA zAsana apekSAkRta alpakAlIna hI thaa| usake pazcAt AnevAle narezI, vRSasena, puSpadharmana Adi aura bhI alpakAlIna rhe| I. pU. 164 ke lagabhaga ujjayinI meM 148 varSa zAsana karane ke uparAnta vahA~ maurya vaMza aura mauyoM ke adhikAra kA anta huaa| magadha meM usake lagabhaga bIsa varSa pUrva hI dazaratha maurya ke antima vaMzaja kI hatyA karake usakA brAhmaNa mantrI suSyamitra zuMga rAjya hastagata kara cukA thaa| zuMgoM kI yaha rAjyakrAnti brAhmaNa-dharma punaruddhAra kI sUcaka evaM prabala poSaka thii| isake pazcAt uttara bhArata meM jainadharma ko sambhavatayA phira kabhI isake pUrva-jaisA rAmcAzya prApta nahIM huaa| 66 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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Modsords000m khAravela-vikrama yuga (lagabhaga I. pU. 20/-~-sanU IsavI 200) samrAT khAravela kaliMga cakravartI samrATa mahAmaghavAhana aila khAravela. dUsarI zatAbdI IsA pUrva kA sarvAdhika zaktizAlI, pratApI evaM digvijayI narendra thA, sAtha hI yaha rAjarSi paramajina-bhakta thaa| apane samaya meM yadi usane kaliMga deza ko bhAratavarSa kI sarvopari rAjyazakti banA diyA, sAto lokahitA aura jainadharga kI pAlanA ko parisara cirasmaraNIya kArya kiye the| pUrvI bhArata meM, uttara meM maMgA nadI ke muhAne se lekara dakSiNa meM godAvarI nadI ke muhAne taka vistRta baMgAla kI khAr3I kA tadavatI bhUbhAga jaMgama, karliMga aura kosala nAma ke tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA, ataeva kabhI-kabhI bhikaliMga bhI kahalAtA thA, aura sAmAnyatayA saMyukta rUpa se kaliMga kahalAtA thaa| vartamAna meM use hI ur3IsA kahate haiN| jainadharma ke sAtha kaliMga deza kA atyanta prAcIna sambandha rahA hai| prathama tIrthakara Adijina RSabhadeva kA yahA~ samavasaraNa AyA thaa| tabhI se deza meM unakI pUjA pracalita huii| aThArahaveM tIrthakara aranAtha kA prathama pAraNA jisa rAyapura meM huA thA, usakI pahacAna mahAbhArata meM ullekhita kaliMga deza kI rAjadhAnI rAjapura se kI jAlI hai| tIrthakara pArzva kA samparka bhI kaliMga deza se paryApta rahA thaa| svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA padArpaNa vahA~ huA thaa| tatkAlIna kaliMga nareza jitazatru ke sAtha rAjA siddhArtha kI choTI bahana yazodayA vivAhI thI aura unhIM kI putrI rAjakumArI yazodA ke sAtha mahAvIra ke vivAha kI bAta calI thii| jilazatru isa prakAra mahAvIra ke phUphA ke aura bhagavAn ke janmotsava ke avasara para bhI kuNDalapura padhAre the| unake samaya meM hI bhagavAn kA samavasaraNa kaliMga ke kumArI-parvata para AyA thA aura tabhI jitazatru ne munidIkSA le lI thI tathA bhagavAn ke jIvanakAla meM hI unheM kevalajJAna bhI prApta ho gayA thaa| yaha jitazatru harivaMza meM utpanna hue khArathela-vikrama yuga :: 67

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viidaritisobsnoesminsooms ye / nandivardhana ke kaliMga para AkramaNa ke samaya unakA hI eka vaMzaja kaliMga nareza thA isake samAna ho gayA. lagatA hai tathA usI kI kisI anya zAkhA kA usa deza para adhikAra ho gayA pratIta hotA hai| isa navIna vaMza ke rAjA caNDarAya ke samaya meM azoka maurya kA kaliMga para itihAsa-prasiddha vidhvaMsakArI AkramaNa huA thaa| tadanantara sambhavatayA tirAja ne naye vaMza kI sthApanA kI thii| kalima ke isa tRtIya rAjyavaMza ke saMsthApaka cetirAja ke putra yA pautra kSemarAja ne samrATa samprati ke zAsana kAla meM kaliMga ko punaH svatantra kara liyaa| kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra kaliMga ke ye rAje haihayavaMzI the| khAravela svayaM ko aila, maitra, ceti yA caidivaMzI kahatA hai| yoM bedi bhI haihayavaMza kI hI zAkhA thI aura svayaM haihayavaMza hariyaMza kI zAkhA thii| jo ho, kama se kama bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke samaya se hI kaliMga deza ke rAjAgANa jainadharma ke anuyAyI rahate Aye the| sambhavatayA yahI kAraNa hai ki baudhAyanasUtra, mahAbhArata, AdityapurANa Adi brAhmaNIya granthoM meM kaliMga deza ko anArya deza kahA hai| yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM ko vedabAhya, vajJavirodhI evaM dharma-karma-vihIna kahA hai tathA Arya deza ke dvijoM ko usa deza meM jAne kA niSedha kiyA hai, aura yadi vahA~ gaye to unheM dharmabhraSTa, jAticyuta evaM patita ho jAne kA bhaya dikhAyA hai| isake viparIta jaina sAhitya meM kaliMga kI 25% Arya dezoM meM gaNanA kI gayI hai aura use dharma-kSetra sUcita kiyA hai| uparyukta kSemarAja kA putra dRddhirAja thA aura vRddhirAja kA putra bhikSurAja khArayela thaa| vRddhirAja kI mRtyu apane pitA ke jIvana kAla meM hI ho gayI thI, ataeva kSemarAja kA uttarAdhikArI usakA pautra khAravela huaa| khArathaila kA janma IsA pUrva 190 ke lagabhaga huA pratIta hotA hai, pandraha varSa kI Ayu meM use yuvarAja-pada prApta huA aura caubIsa varSa kI Ayu meM usakA rAjyAbhiSeka huA ! usake rAjyakAla ke teraha-caudaha varSa kA vizada varNana usake svayaM ke zilAlekha meM prApta hai, jisake (I. pU. 152 ke uparAnta yaha nareza kitane varSa aura jIvita rahA tathA usane kyA-kyA kiyA, yaha jAnane kA koI sAdhana upalabdha nahIM hai| samrATra khAravela kA yaha vizvavidyuta zilAlekha vartamAna ur3IsA rAjya ke purI jile meM bhuvanezvara se tIna mola kI dUrI para sthita khaNDAMgeri-parvata ke udayagiri nAmaka uttarI bhAga para bane hue hAthIgamphA nAma ke eka vizAla evaM prAcIna kRtrima gahAmandira ke mukha evaM chata para satraha paMktiyoM meM lagabhaga caurAno vargaphITa ke vistAra meM uttIrNa hai 1 lekha kI lipi prAlI hai aura bhASA ardhamAgadhI tathA jaina prAkRta mizrita apabhraMza hai| svastika, janyAvala, azokavRkSa, mukuTa Adi vividha jaina sAMskRtika maMgala-pratIkoM se yukta isa aitihAsika abhilekha kA bhAva isa prakAra hai-arahanloM aura sarva siddhoM ko namaskAra karake caitra (ti) rAjavaMza kI pratiSThA ke prasAraka, prazasta evaM zubha lakSoM se yuktaM ties :: pramukha pratiparikA jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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dhAroM dizAoM ke AdhArastambha, aneka guNoM se vibhUSita, kaliMgadeza ke adhipati, mahArAja mahAmeghavAhana rola Ava) khAravelazrI dvArA yaha lekha aMkita karAyA gayA, jinhoMne apane kAnta pratApI piMgalavarNa (svAbha) kizora zarIra dvArA pandraha varSa paryanta kumAra krIr3Ae~ kauN| sadanantara lekhana, mudrA, citrakalA, gaNita, vyavahAra, dharma, rAjanIti aura zAsana-vyavasthA Adi sasta vidyAoM meM pAraMgata hokara nI varSa taka yuvarAja-pada se zAsana kiyaa| Ayu kA caubIsoM varSa samApta hone para pUre yauvanakAla maiM usa uttarottara buddhimAna mahAn vijetA kA kaliMga ke tRtIya rAjyavaMza meM jIvana ke lie mahArAjyAbhiSeka huaa| siMhAsanAsIna hote hI apane rAjya ke prathama varSa meM usane A~dhI-tUfAna Adi daivI prakopoM se naSTa hue rAjadhAnI kaliMganagara ke gopura (nagara dvAra), prAkAra, prAsAdoM Adi kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, zItala jala ke jalAzayoM, srotoM, nijharoM Adi ke bA~dha baiMdhavAye tathA udyAnoM (bAga-bagIcoM) kA punaH nirmANa karAyA aura apane paiMtIsa lAkha prajAjanoM ko raMjAyamAna kiyA, sukhI kiyaa| dUsare varSa meM zAtakarNi (dakSiNApatha kA sAtavAhanavaMzI nareza zAtakarNi prathama) kI paravA karake ghur3asavAra, hAthI, paidala aura rathoM kI apanI vizAla senA pazcima dizA meM bhejI, tathA kRSNaveNA (kRSNA) nadI ke taTa para pahu~cakara mUSikoM (assikoM) kI rAjadhAnI kA vidhvaMsa kraayaa| tIsare varSa meM gandharva-vidyAyizArada isa nRpatti ne nRtya-saMgIta-vAdina ke pradarzanoM tathA aneka (jinendra magathAna ke rathayAtrA Adi) utsavoM evaM (nATaka-khela Adi) samAjoM ke AyojanoM dvArA apane rAjya ke nAgarikoM kA prabhUta manoraMjana kiyaa| cauthe varSa meM usane pUrvavartI kaliMga yuvarAjoM ke AvAsa ke lie nirmita usa vidyAdhara nivAsa meM jo isa samaya taka jyoM kA tyoM thA, tanika mI jIrNa-zIrNa nahIM huA thA, nivAsa karate hue una rahika aura bhojaka rAjAoM se raloM kI bheMTeM lekara apane caraNoM meM namaskAra karAyA jinake ki rAjamukuTa evaM rAjachatra usane naSTa kara diye the, arthAt jinheM parAjita karake usane apane adhIna kara liyA thaa| pA~caveM varSa meM yaha narendra usa nahara ko rAjadhAnI tozIla yA kaliMganagara) taka nikalavA lAyA, jise ki nandarAja (nandivardhana) ne mahAvIra nirvANa saMvat 109 (I. pU. 424) meM prathama bAra khuzvAyA thaa| chaThe varSa meM apanA rAjya-aizvarya caritArtha karane ke lie isa nRpati ne apanI prajA ke kara Adi mAfa kara diye, dIna-zukhiyoM se dayA kA bastAna kiyA, unheM sukhI aura santuSTa banAyA, aura pIrajAnapadoM (nagarapAlikAoM, grAma-paMcAyatoM, vyAvasAyika nigamoM, zreNiyoM Adi vividha janatantrIya saMsthAoM) para saikar3oM-hajAroM vibhinna prakAra ke anugraha kiye| sAtaveM varSa meM usakI sanI ne, jo baMgadeza ke vajradhara rAjya kI rAjakumArI thI, eka putra ko janma diyaa| ATha varSa meM mahArAja khAravela ne vizAla senA ke sAtha uttarApatha kI bijaya-yAtrA kI sarvaprathama usane magadharAjya para AkramaNa kiyA aura khaharacana-vikrama yuga ::

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Kammar gorathagira gayA jile kI barAbara pahAr3I para bhISaNa yuddha karake rAjagRha-nareza ko trasta kara diyaa| samrAT khAravela ke bhaya se yavanarAja dimitra (madhya eziyA kA yUnAnI nareza DemeTriyasa jisane usa samaya bhArata para AkramaNa kiyA thA ) apanI samasta senA, yuddha sAmagrI, nAhanoM Adi ko jahA~-tahA~ chor3akara mathurA se apane deza ko bhAga myaa| yamunAtaTa para (mathurA meM) pahu~cakara puSpita-pallavita kalpavRkSa tulya vaha rAjAdhirAja khAravela apane samasta adhInastha rAjAoM tathA azva-gaja-ratha-sainya sahita, saba gRhasyoM dvArA pUjita (usa nagara ke prasiddha deva-nirmita) stUpa kI pUjA karane gyaa| usane sabhI yAcakoM ko yAna diyA, brAhmaNoM ko bharapeTa bhojana karAyA aura arahantoM kI pUjA kii| nauveM varSa meM usane (kaliMga ko) prAcIna nadI (mahAnadI) ke donoM kinAroM para ar3atIsa lAkha mudrA vyaya karake mahA-vijaya-prAsAda nAma kA atitundara evaM vizAla sajamahala bnvaabaa| dasaveM varSa meM usane apanI senAoM ko vijayayAtrA ke lie punaH bhAratavarSa (uttarApatha) kI ora bhejA aura pariNAmasvarUpa usake saba manoratha saphala hue 1 gyArahaveM varSa meM usane dakSiNadeza kI vijaya kii| vithuNDanagara (vRthudakapurI) kA dhvaMsa kiyaa| usameM gadahoM ke hala calavA diye aura 113 varSa se saMgaThita cale Aye tamila rAjyoM ke saMgha ko chinna-bhinna kara diyaa| bArahaveM varSa meM samrATU khAravela ne apane AkramaNoM dvArA uttarApatha ke rAjAoM meM AtaMka utpanna kara diyA, unheM asta-vyasta kara diyA, magadha kI janatA meM bhArI bhaya kA saMcAra kara diyA, apane hAthiyoM ko gaMgAnadI meM pAnI pilAyA tathA unheM (pATaliputra ke) sAMgeya nAmaka rAjaprAsAda meM praviSTa kara diyA aura magadharAja bRhaspatibhitra se apane caraNoM meM praNAma krvaayaa| pUrvakAla meM nandarAja dvArA kaliMga se lAyI gayI kaliMgajina (anajina yasa Adi-jina) kI pratimA ko tathA aMga-magadha rAjyoM ke bahumUlya ratnoM evaM dhana sampatti ko vijita sampatti ke rUpa meM lekara apanI rAjadhAnI meM vaha vApasa aayaa| upAyana tathA vijita sampatti ke rUpa meM prApta dhana se usane apanI mahatI vijaya ke vidvasvarUpa (mandiroM para) aise aneka zikhara banavAye jinameM ratna Adi saikar3oM bahumUlya padArthoM se sundara paccIkArI kI gayI thii| usI varSa usane sudUra dakSiNa (madurA) ke pANDyanareza se maiMTa athavA kara rUpa se prApta abhUtapUrva evaM AzcaryakArI upAyana, maNi-mANikya-muktA, hAthI, ghor3e, sevakoM Adi se bhare jalapota prApta kiye / isa prakAra yaha mahAna narendra samasta prajAjanoM evaM adhIna nRpatiyoM ko vazIbhUta karatA huA aura apane vijayacakra dvArA sAmrAjya kA vistAra karatA huA apanI rAjadhAnI meM sukha se nivAsa karatA thA 1 apane rAjya ke terahaveM varSa meM isa rAjarSi ne suparvata-vijaya cakra (prAnta) meM sthita kumArI-paryata para apane rAjabhakta prajAjanoM dvArA pUje jAne ke lie una aIntoM kI puNya smRti meM niSayakAe~ nirmANa karAyI thIM jo nirvANa-lAbha kara cuke the| tapodhana muniyoM ke AvAsa ke lie Diboodia 20 :: pramukha etihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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HMIRam-... usane leNe (phAga) banavApI, svayaM upAsaka (zrAvaka) ke vrata grahaNa kiye aura arhanmandira ke nikaTa usane eka vizAla manorama sabhAmaNDapa (arkAsana-gumphA) banAyA, jisake madhya meM eka bahumUlya rala jATata mAnastambha sthApita kraayaa| usa sabhAmaNDapa meM samrATa ne una samasta sukRta suvihita jJAnI tapasvI zramaNoM (jaina muniyoM) kA sammelana kiyA jo cAroM dizAoM se dUra-dUra se usameM sammilita hone ke lie padhAre the| isa mahAmuni-sammelana meM isa rAjarSi ne bhagavAna kI divyadhyAna meM uccarita usa zAntidAyI dvAdazAMga-zruta kA pATha karAyA, jo ki mahAvIra saMvat 165 (I. pU. 362 bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ke nidhanakAla) se nirantara jhAsa ko prApta hotA Araha yAsiyoM usa dvAra kA pravana kA aura isa prakAra usa kSemarAja ke pautra) ghuddhirAja (ke putra) bhikSurAja (rAjarSi) dharmarAja nRpati ne bhagavAn kI ukta kalyANakArI vANI ke sambandha meM praznacarcA karate hue, usakA zravaNa aura cintavana karate hue samaya bitaayaa| viziSTa guNoM ke kAraNa dakSa, samasta dhamoM kA Adara karane dhAlA, apratihata cakravAhana (jisake ratha, dhvajA aura senA kI gati ko koI na roka saMkA), sAmrAjyoM kA satata vijayI evaM vizAla sAmrAjya kA saMcAlaka aura saMrakSaka, rAjarSiyoM ke vaMza meM utpanna, mahAvijayI rAjacakrI, ailA yaha rAjA khAravelacI thaa|" isa rAjakIya abhilekha kA mahattva suspaSTa hai| samaya kI dRSTi se samrATa priyadazI (azoka vA samprati) ke zilAlekhoM ke pazcAt isI kA nambara AtA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se to yaha abhilekha prAcIna bhArata ke samasta upalabdha zilAlekhoM maiM sopari hai| usa kAla kA yahI ekamAtra aisA lekha hai jisameM nAyaka ke vaMza, varSasaMkhyA, deza (kaliMga) kI janasaMkhyA, deza jJAti, pada-nAma ityAdi aneka bahumUlya aitihAsika tathyoM kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| pro. sakhAladAsa banarjI ke matAnusAra yaha lekha paurANika vaMzAvaliyoM kI puSTi karatA hai aura aitihAsaka kAlagaNanA ko pA~cauM zatI I. pU. ke madhya ke khagabhaga taka pahu~cA detA hai| deza ke lie bhAratavarSa nAma kA sarvaprathama zilAlekhIya prayoga isI lekha meM prApta hotA hai| kaliMga deza kI tatkAlIna rAjanIti, lokadazA, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika jIvana, rAjA kI yogyatA, rAjakumAroM kI zikSA-dIkSA aura prajA ke prati rAjA ke kartavyoM kA yaha lekha sundara digdarzana karAtA hai| bihAra aura ur3IsA prAntoM ke sambandhoM kI aitihAsikatA ko bhI sAdhika do sahastra varSa pUrva taka le jAtA hai| isa viSaya meM to kisI ko bhI koI sandeha nahIM haiM ki isa lekha ko aMkita karAnevAlA nareza jainadharma kA anuyAyI aura parama jinabhakta thA, ataeva jainadharma ke itihAsa ke lie to yaha zilAlekha atyanta mUlyavAna hai| kaI jaina anuzrutiyoM kI puSTi bhI isa lekha se hotI hai| bhadrabAhu zrutakeyalI ke uparAnta maukhika dvAra se pravAhita cale Aye Agamazruta kA kramika hrAsa, khAravela dvArA usake uddhAra kA ravAravela-vikapa yuga :: 74

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prayatna mahAmuni sammelana aura AgamajJAna ko pustakAruDa karane tathA pustaka sAhitya kA praNayana karane ke lie calAye gaye sarasvatI Andolana kA prArambha ityAdi tathyoM kA isa lekha se samarthana hotA hai| isake sAtha hI yaha abhilekha mahArAja khAravela ke vyaktitva, caritra, jIvana kI kAlakramika ghaTanAoM, digvijaya, parAkrama aura pratApa lokopakAra evaM lokaraMjana ke lie kiye gaye kAryo, prajAvatsalatA, dharmotsAha evaM dhArmika kAryoM ityAdi ko pratibimbita karanevAlA nirmala darpaNa hai| isa lekha se suvidita hai ki rAjAdhirAja khAravela na kevala apane yuga kA hI AsamudrakSitIza mahAn cakravartI samrAT thA, varan vaha sarvakAlIna mahAna samrAToM meM parigaNita hone ke sarvathA yogya hai| rAjanIti, prazAsana, yuddhavidyA, sArtha-vyavahAra, sAhitya, kala eka prabuddha dhArmikatA ityAdi eka mahAna samrAT ke upayukta samasta aMgoM se usakA vyaktitva paripuSTa thA, aura Azcarya yaha hai ki mAtra teraha varSa ke rAjyakAla meM usane itanA saba sampAdana kara liyA tathA kaliMga sAmrAjya ko usako sarvatomukhI unnati ke aise zikhara para pahu~cA diyA jo 'na bhUto na bhaviSyati thA / usake uparAnta bhI avazya hI vaha kitane hI varSa jIvita rahA hogA, kintu usa zeSa rAjyakAla kA aisA hI vivaraNa aMkita karAne kA avasara Ane ke pUrva hI yaha mahAn jaina samrAT divaMgata ho gayA, lagatA hai / + parama jaina hote hue bhI samrAT khAravela sarvadharmasahiSNu evaM atyanta udArAzaya nRpa thA, aura ahiMsA dharma kA pAlaka saccA dharmavIra hote hue bhI aisA parAkramI zUravIra thA ki usane pracaNDa videzI AkramaNakArI yUnAnI nareza damitra ko svadeza kaliMga se atidUra mathurA, zAyada usase bhI jAge jAkara bhArata ke uttara-pazcimI sImAnta se bAhara khader3a diyA thA / khAravela dvArA nirmANita kalA-kRtiyoM ke upalabdha avazeSoM para se kalAmarmajJoM ne usake guhA mandiroM ke sthApatya evaM mUrti-poM ko bhI sundara aura nirAlA ghoSita kiyA hai| jinendra bhagavAn kA ananya upAsaka yaha rAjarSi sambhavatayA zrAvaka ke vratoM ko to apane rAjyakAla ke terahaveM varSa meM hI athavA usake kucha pUrva hI aMgIkAra kara cukA thA, sambhava hai ki usake kucha varSa pazcAt usane jo pahale hI svayaM ko 'bhikSurAja' kahatA hai, gRhastha aura rAjyakArya se virAma lekara jaina muni ke rUpa meM apane usI kumArI parvata para tapazcaraNa karake AtmasAdhana kiyA ho| rAjarSi khAravela kA prAyaH pUrA parivAra aneka rAjapuruSa tathA pratiSThita prajAjana bhI jainabhakta the| jinendra kA dharma usa kAla meM kaliMga kA rASTradharma thA aura prajA kA bahubhAga bhI isI dharma kA anuyAyI rahA pratIta hotA hai| pUrvokta udayagiri kI svargapurI aparanAma vaikuNThapurI guphA meM aMkita eka lekha ke anusAra kaliMga cakravartI zrIkhAravela kI agramahiSI ne jo rAjana talAka hatyisiMha kI suputrI thIM, kaliMga ke zramaNoM ke nivAsa ke lie arhanta prAsAda ke nikaTa bhAga meM ukta leNa 72 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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plllppyttaannnaa nirmita karAyI thii| vahIM maMcapI guphA ke nicale bhAga meM sti pAlAlapI nAmaka muphA ko 'mahArAja aila mahAmedhAna ke vaMzaja' (sambhavatayA patra evaM utsarAdhikArI kAleMgAdhipati mahArAja depazrI ne nirmita karAyA thaa| yamapurI nAmaka guphA rAjakumAra baDukha ne banavAyI thI- sambhavatayA usane svayaM usI guphA meM dharmasAdhana kiyA thaa| vyAghra guphA ko nagara nyAyAdhIza bhUti ne nirmita karAyA thaa| usI ke nikaTastha sarpaguphA meM kamma, halasiNa aura cUlakamma nAma ke vyaktiyoM ke lekha haiM, jinase lagatA hai ki guphA ke prAsAda ko inameM se prathama do ne tathA usake antarmuha ko tIsare ne banavAyA thaa| jambezvara guphA meM mahAbAriyA aura nAkira ke nAma aMkita haiN| choTI hAthIgumphA Atmazuddhi nAmaka vyakti dvArA dAna kI gayI thii| tattvaguphA kusuma nAmaka pAdamUlika (rAjyakarmacArI vizeSa) dvArA nirmApita hai| anantaguphA bhI zramaNoM ke hI upayoga ke lie yamavAyI gayI thii| ina vibhinna leNoM, guhAmandiroM aura unameM aMkita zilAlekhoM se prakaTa hai ki khAravela ke bAda bhI kaI zatAbdiyoM taka khaNDagiri-udayagiri jainoM kA pavitra tIrtha aura jaina zramaNoM kA priya AvAsa banI rhii| khAravela kA vaMza bhI kaliMga deza para usake uparAnta lagabhaga do-Der3ha sau varSa paryanta rAjya karatA rahA pratIta hotA hai, kintu ye utsarayartI rAje mauNa mahattva ke hI rahe lagate haiN| tosali yadi khAravela kI rAjadhAnI nahIM thA to kama se kama eka mahatvapUrNa nagara thaa| aura vaha usa kAla meM eka mahatvapUrNa jaina kendra thaa| kucha granthoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke tosali meM padhArane ke tathA kAlAntara meM sosalika mApaka kisI rAjA dvArA surakSita jina-pratimA ke ullekha pAye jAte haiN| jaina sAhitya ke anusAra kaMcanapura bhI kaliMga kA eka prasiddha nagara thaa| aisA bhI vidita hotA hai ki kaliMga deza meM bhagavAna AdinAtha aura mahAvIra ke atirikta bhagavAna mAnAtha ko vizeSa upAsanA rhii| yavanarAja mineNDara khAravela yuga meM hI yavanarAja menendra (mineNDara) huaa| bauddha sAhitya meM usakA ullekha milinda nAma se huA hai| milindapazho (sajA milinda ke prazna) nAmaka prAcIna grantha se mAratavarSa ke pazcimottara sImAntavartI sAgala' (sthAlakoTa) ke isa yUnAnI nareza kI dhArmika evaM dArzanika jijJAsA kA patA calatA hai| kahA jAtA hai, ki usane jaina muniyoM se bhI samparka banAyA thA, unheM prazraya bhI diyA thA, unase prazna pUche the aura dharma-carcA kI thii| sva. DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne eka prAcIna jaina grantha meM isa yUnAnI narebhA kA nAma mainendra bhI khoja nikAlA thA; anyatra bhAratIya sAhitya meM sivAya uparyukta milindapahoM ke usakA kahIM koI ullekha nahIM milA hai| isakA samaya dUsarI zatI I. pU. kA uttarArdha anumAnita hai| ranAravela-vikrama yuga :: 78

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rAnI urvilA mauryayuga ke anta ke lagabhaga mathurA meM pUtimukha mAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI eka patnI bauddha dhI aura dUsarI jaina, jisakA nAma uvilA thaa| javilA ghaTTarAnI thI, kintu rAjA bauddha sanI ke prabhAva meM adhika thaa| usa samaya padhurA ke devanirmita prAcIna jaina stUpa ke adhikAra ko lekara bauddhoM aura jainoM meM vivAda huA aura bauddha rAnI kI sahAyatA se bauddhoM ne stUpa para adhikAra kara liyA thaa| mahArAnI urvilA ne dUra-dUra se vidvAnoM ko bulAyA, zAstrArtha karAyA aura athaka prayatna karake yaha siddha karavA diyA ki stUpa jainoM kA hI hai| usane stUpa para jainoM kA punaH adhikAra karAyA aura bar3e samAroha ke sAtha nagara meM jinendra kA ratha niklvaayaa| tabhI isa dharmAtmA rAnI ne anna-jala grahaNa kiyaa| Dance mahArAja ASAsana __ mauyoM ke astakAla meM uttarapAMcAla janapada kI rAjadhAnI ahicchatrA meM zaunakAvana nAmaka rAjA ne apanI svatantra sattA sthApita kara lI thii| prAyaH usI kAla meM vatsa kI rAjadhAnI kauzAmbI meM evaM zUrasena kI rAjadhAnI mathurA meM bhI sthatantra rAjya-sanAe~ udaya meM A gayI thiiN| ina tInoM rAjyavaMzoM meM paraspara nikaTa sambandha bhI the aura yaha sabhI jainadharma ke anuvAyI athavA prazrayadAtA rahe pratIta hose haiN| saMyoga se ye tInoM hI rAjadhAniyA~ jaina paramparA kI puNyabhUpiyA~ bhI thIM, jinameM ahicchatrA to teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI tapa evaM kevalajJAna bhUmi thI / ukta rAjA zaunakAyana kA putra sajA baMgapAla thA, jisakI rAnI traivarNa rAjakanyA thI, ataeva tevaNI kahalAtI thii| rAjA baMgapAla aura tevaNI rAnI kA putra rAjA bhAgavata thA, jisakI patnI vaihiMdara rAjakumArI thii| isa hidarI rAnI se utpanna rAjA bhAgavata kA putra ASAr3hasena thaa| usa samaya kauzAmbI meM ASAdasena kI bahana gopAlI kA putra bRhaspatimitra rAjA thaa| mahArAja ASAdasena ne apane rAjya ke dasaveM varSa meM apane bhAnaje kI rAjadhAnI kauzAmbI ke nikaTastha jaimatIcaM pabhosA. (prabhAsagiri) ke Upara kAzyapIya arahantoM (jaina muniyoM) ke lie guphA nirmANa karAyI thii| pabhosA chaThe tIrthakara padmaprabhu kA tapa evaM kethalalAna prApti kA sthAna hai| vahA~ kI ukta prAcIna guphA meM ukta mahArAja ASAr3hasena ke do zilAlekha aMkita haiM tathA katipaya prAcIna AyAgapaTToM, mUrtiyoM Adi ke anya jaina avazeSa mile haiN| vIra vikramAditya yunAnI samrATa sikandara mahAn ke AkramaNa ne uttarI sindha aura paMjAba ke jima gaNatantroM ko chinna-bhinna kara diyA thA, unameM eka malloI yA mAlavagaNa thaa| 74 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ye loga svadeza kA parityAga karake dakSiNa-pUrva kI ora cale gaye aura g2ajasthAna ke vaiganAdeza meM jA base / kintu vahIM bhI na jama pAya aura sambhavatathA azoka yA sampati ke samaya meM ananti pradeza meM A bse| unhIM ke kAraNa yaha pradeza kAlAntara meM pAlayA kahalAne lagA / sampati ke nirvAna rAdhikAriyoM ke samaya meM unhoMne apanI saMkhyA, gappasa sthAna aura ma yA RTcaya kA lo, aura sambhavatayA zuMga rAjyakrAnti kA lAbha uThAkara tathA janminI ko apanA kendra banAkara apanI gagasattA svatantra sthApita kara lii| zAyada yahI kAraNa hai ki zaMgoM meM jaba isa pradeza para adhikAra kiyA lo apanI rAjadhAnI jayinI ko na banAkara vidizA ko bnaayaa| sA pratIta hotA hai ki kaliMga-cakravAtI khArabaMga ne madhyabhArata ke apane abhiyAna meM ukta mAlavagaNa ko bhI vijA ka liyA thA aura sambhavatayA isakI gaNatantrAtmaka sanA kI bhI mAnya kara liyA thA, kinna gaNAdhyakSa ke pada para svayaM apanA paka rAjakumAra niyukta kara diyA thaa| isa rAjakumAra kA vaMzaja, sambhavatathA paudha, mahendrAditya gardabhila I. pU. 74 meM mAlavagaNA kA adhyakSa aura ujjavinI kA svAmI yA / yaha nagara pUrvakAla se hI jainadharma se sambandhita rahatA AyA thA aura usa kAla meM lo madhyamArata meM vizeSakara AcArya sthUlibhadra evaM suhAna kI paramparA ke jainoM kA pradhAna kendra thaa| jaina sAdhAoM aura sAdhviyoM kA vahAM svacchanda vihAra hotA thaa| bAlaka dvitIya usa samaya ke prasiddha jainAcArya the jo pUrvAvasthA meM eka rAjakumAra the| unakI bahana sarasvatI bhI jaina sAdhvI thii| vaha anindha sundarI thii| gardapitAla use dekhate hI usake rUpa para betaraha Asakta ho gayA aura usane dharma kI maryAdA ko bhulAkara uksa sAthyI ko jabaradastI apaharaNa karAka apane mahAna meM uTayA maiNgaayaa| samAcAra pAte hI kAlaka ne rAjA ke pAsa jAkara use cata samajhAyA tathA aneka pratiSTita vyaktiyoM se bhI z2ora ilavAyA, kintu usa svecchAcArI sattAdhArI ko usake duSTa abhiprAya se virata karane meM saphala na ho skaa| gardabhilla ke bhaya se AsapAsa ke anya rAje mI hastakSepa karane kA sAhasa na kara ske| kAlaka ke rAjyakalohAnna kSAtrayocita saMskAra jAgrata ho cUkaM the, ataeva santrasta kAlaka sindhukUla para abasthita zakasthAna ke zAhiyoM ke pAsa pahuMcA aura unheM sasainya sAtha lekara tathA mArga ke anya rAjAoM kI bhI sahAyatA prApta karatA huA I. pU. 155 meM ujayinI ke durga-vAra para A dhmkaa| cAra varSa taka nirantara buddha calA / annataH I. pa. meM kAlaka ke kauzala aura zaka zAhiyoM ke parAkrama se mamila pasajina hokara bandI huA aura sarasvatI kA tathA mAlavagaNa kAmata atyAcArI ke kuzAsana se uddhAra huaa| usakI yAcanA para kAnaka ne use prANadAna dekara aMza se nirdhAsita kara liyaa| kintu aba zAhI jaminI meM jama gaye / apanI vijaya ke upalakSya meM unhani eka zaka saMvata bhI pracalita kara diyA, mAM pUrva zakka ravAra vana-vikrama yuga :: .

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Marw w wwww00000000-000nmalini saMvat bhI kahalAtA hai| yaha saMvat usa deza evaM kAla meM pracalita mahAnora saMvat kI bhA~ti kAlikAdi thaa| sambhavatayA purAne saMvat meM hI nayI kAlagaNanA zurU kara dI gayI thii| zakoM kA yahA~ jama baiThanA svAdhInatA-premI mAlavagaNa sahana nahIM kara ske| svayaM kAlaka kI yaha sthiti abhipreta nahIM thii| mahendrAditya gardabhilla kA suyogya evaM tejasvI putra vIra vikramAditya to isa sthiti se atyanta asantuSTa thaa| phalataH usane mAlavajanoM ko apane netRtva meM susaMgaThita kiyA aura I. pU. 57 meM zakoM ko ujjayinI pradeza se nikAla bAhara kiyaa| mAlavagaNa ne apanI yaha vijaya bar3e ullAsa aura samAroha se manAyo / vIra vikramAditya ko unhoMne apanA gaNarAmA ghoSita kiyaa| use 'zakAri' kI upAdhi pradAna kI, aura jvata vijaya varSa se eka saMvat kA pravartana vijo kaI prAbdiAta mAgaNa. mAlavavaMzakIrti, mAlaveza athavA mAlava saMvat kahalAyA 1 kyoMki yaha bhI pracalita mahAvIra saMvat kI bhA~ti kArtikAdi hI thA aura vikrama ke surAjya kI dRSTi se satayuga ke prArambha kA sUcaka bhI thA jo kRta saMvatU bhI khlaayaa| kAlAntara meM 78 I. ke zaka-zAlivAhana saMvat ke anukaraNa para use caitrAdi banA diyA gayA aura zanaiH-zanaiH vaha vikramAya kAla, vikramanRpakAla yA vikrama saMvatta bhI kahalAne lgaa| mAlaghagaNa ne apanI ukta vijaya ke upalakSya meM sikke bhI DAle, jinapara mAlavAnAM jayaH' aura 'pAlavagaNasya jayaH' zabda aMkita kiye| yaha to usa paramavIra evaM dezabhakta vikramAditya kI atizaya udAratA evaM ahaMzUnyattA kA hI paricAyaka hai ki uttane na ukta sikkoM para apanA nAma aMkita karAyA aura na usa saMvat ke sAtha hI jor3A, kintu deza kI janatA, AnevAlI pIr3hiyoM aura itihAsa ne use apara karake samucita kRtajJatA jJApana kiyA hii| kAlAntara meM aneka bhAratIya narezoM ne 'vikramAditya' viruda dhAraNa kiyA, apane nAma se saMvat bhI calAye, kintu ukta nAma kA dhAraka prathama nareza yahI thaa| aitihAsika rAjakIya bhAratIya saMvat kA sarvaprathama pravartaka bhI yahI thaa| anaginata bhAratIya lokakathAoM kA vaha nAyaka hai| eka atyanta buddhimAna, parAkramI, atizaya udAra evaM dAnazIla, sarvadharmasahiSNu, vidhArasika, vidvAnoM kA prazrayadAtA, atyanta nyAyaparAyaNa, dharmAtmA, prajAvatsala evaM suzAsaka ke rUpa meM yaha Adarza bhAratIya nareza bhAnA jAtA rahA hai| pUrvavartI candragupta maurya evaM khAravela-jaise mahAn jaina samrAToM kI paramparA meM deza ko videziyoM ke AkramaNa se mukta karane meM yaha mahAna jaina samrATa vikramAditya bhI avismaraNIya hai| jaina anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra vaha jainadharma kA parama bhakta thA 1 isa viSaya meM zaMkA karane kI guMjAiza nahIM hai, kyoMki brAhmaNa, bauddhAdi anya sampradAyoM kI anuzrutiyoM meM tathA unake AdhAra se likhe gaye sAmAnya itihAsa meM usakA kahIM 76 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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IMONAsAlAsaaanna RECE ! ! koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| isIlie aneka Adhunika itihAsakAra usakI aitihAsikatA meM bhI sandeha karate haiM aura use eka kAlpanika vyakti mAnate dekhe jAte haiN| jaina kAlagaNanAoM meM bhI isa rAjA vikramAditya kA ullekha hai tathA madhya evaM pazcimI bhArata ke jainoM meM so usI ke saMkta kI pravRtti bhI vizeSa rahI hai| vikramAditya kA kuladharma bhI jaina thA, rAjyadharma bhI jaina thA, mAlavagaNoM aura mAlavadeza ke prajAjanoM meM bhI isa dharma kI pravRtti thii| jaina anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra vikramAditya ne cirakAla taka rAjya kiyA aura svadeza ko sukhI, samRddha evaM naitika banAyA | usane tathA usake uparAnta usake vaMzajoM ne mAlavA para lagabhaga eka sau varSa. rAjya kiyA batAyA jAtA hai| . . . sAtavAhanavaMzI rAje IsApUrva tIsarI zatAbdI ke anta se lekara san IsvI kI tIsarI zatAbdI ke prArambha paryanta dakSiNApatha ke bahubhAga para paiThana (pratiSThAnapura) ke sAtavAhanavaMzI narezoM kA prAyaH ekAdhipatya rahA / yaha vaMza AndhrajAtIya thA aura sambhavatayA brAhmaNa evaM mAgaraktamizraNa se utpanna huA thaa| prAcIna brAhmaNIya sAhitya meM AndhroM ko jAti bAhya, nIca aura anArya kahA hai, kintu ye sAtavAhana rAje svayaM ko kSatriyoM kA mAnamardana karanevAle brAhmaNa kahate the| isa vaMza meM lagabhaga tIsa rAjAoM ke hone kA patA calatA hai jinameM se zAtakarNi prathama evaM litIya, hAla yA zAlivAhana, gautamIputra zAtaka aura yajJazrI zAsakaNi vizeSa prasiddha haiN| ve saje paryApta zaktizAlI evaM vistRta mahArAjya ke svAmI the| adhikAMzataH sAtavAhanavaMzI nareza brAhmaNa dharma ke anuyAyI the, kintu anya dharmoM ke prati bhI sahiSNu the| prAcIna jaina sAhitya meM sAlavAhana rAjAoM ke aneka ullekha milate haiM, aura unameM se kaI eka kA jaina honA bhI sUcita hotA hai| kintu kyoMki ye ullekha prAya: 'paiThana kA zAlivAhana rAjA' rUpa meM pAye jAte haiM ataeva isa vRkSa ke narezoM kI sUcI meM unheM dhInhanA duSkara hai| ina ana rAjAoM meM prasiddha 'satasaI' ke racayitA hAla (20-24 I.) aparanAma zAlivAhana ke bhI hone kI sambhAvanA hai| yaha grantha mahArASTrI prAkRta meM AryA chandoM meM racita hai aura usapara jaina vicAroM kA prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| sAtavAhana samaya meM jainoM kI priya prAkRta bhASA kA hI pracalana thaa| ye rAje svayaM to vidvAna yA vizeSa vidyArasika nahIM the, kintu vidvAnoM kA binA sAmpradAyika bhedabhAva ke Adara karate the| hamArA to sAdhAra anumAna hai ki 'tatvArthAdhigamasUtra' ke racayitA jainAcArya umAsvAti isI rAjyavaMza meM utpanna hue the| jainAcArya zarvavarma dvArA "kAtantra' vyAkaraNa kI racanA tathA jainAcArya kAgabhizca yA kANabhUti dvArA prAkRta ke mUlakathagrantha kI racanA aura usake AdhAra para guNADhya kI 'vRhatkathA kI racanA sAtavAhana narezoM ke hI prazraya khAraveza-vikrama yuga ::7

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meM huI thii| anya bhI kaI prAkRta bhASA ke jaina grantha usa kAla meM vahA~ race gaye / pratIta hote haiN| sAtavAhana rAjya meM jaina muniyoM kA svacchanda vihAra thaa| unhIM ke kAla meM jaina saMgha digambara evaM zvetAmbara sampradAyoM meM vibhakta huA aura unakA rAjya una donoM sampradAyoM ke sAdhuoM kA sandhi-sthala thA 1 digambara paramparA ke SaTkhaNDAgama Adi jaina AgamoM kA sarvaprathama saMkalana evaM pustakIkaraNa sambhavatayA unhIM ke rAjya meM usI kAla meM huA thaa| nahapAna HE EHIKAYAAVARTHI S H ARMARRIRANImmoriandeyumanARA A RTerencodilevagwatcomeaanHeARKARTATERawalNTANCERS.13 200cc wwwckekarescene mAlaya-vIra vikramAditya meM jina zakazAhiyoM kI mAlavA se nikAla bAhara kiyA thA, usakA netA sambhavatayA ghaTaka yA bhUmaka thA jisane saurASTra ke zaka maharAta vaMza kI nIMva ddaalii| eka aura mAlavA ke vikramAditya aura dUsarI ora paiThana ke sAtavAhanoM ke kAraNa kSaharAtoM kI zakti sImita banI rahI, kintu prathama zatAbdI 'IsAhI nema pUrNa bahuta zaktizAlI ho gye| usa samaya nahapAna saurASTra-gujarAta kA laharAta thaa| vaha isa vaMza kA sarvaprasiddha, mahatvapUrNa evaM pratApI mareza thaa| jaina sAhitya meM usakA nahavAla, naravAhana, nabhovAhana, namasena, narasena Adi nAmoM se ullekha huA hai| use vampideza kA rAjA batAyA hai aura usakI rAjadhAnI kA nAma vasundharA thA jo sambhavatayA bhRgukaccha (bhaDauca) kA hI apara nAma yaa| nahapAna kI rAnI kA nAma surUpA thA jo bhAratIya rahI pratIta hotI hai| nahapAna kA bhAlIsa varSa kA rAjyakAla gardabhillavaMza evaM bhadracaSTama vaMza ke madhya par3atA hai jo lagabhaga sana 2006 I. nizcita hotA hai / yUnAnI bhUgolavettA hAlemI ne 'mI moca ke isa nareza kA ullekha kiyA hai| nahapAna ke apane tathA usake jAmAtA upavadAta (RSabhadatta ke taghA tuyogya mantrI ayama ke kaI zilAlekha prApta hue haiM jo varSa ikalAtIsa se chiyAlIsa taka ke haiN| sambhavatayA nahapAna ke pUrvaja bhUmaka ne yA svayaM mahapAna ne apane rAjyArambha meM mAlavA ke bahabhAga para adhikAra karake yaha navIna varSagaNanA cAlU kI thii| ujjayinI ko prApta karane ke lie maharAtoM aura sAtavAhanoM ke bIca prAyaH nirantara saMgharSa calatA rhaa| antataH gomatIputra zAtakANa ne bhRgukaccha para AkramaNa karake nahapAna ko parAjita kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa mahapAna ne rAjyabhAra jAmAlA RSamadata, mantrI abama aura senApati yazomati ko sauMpakara svayaM jinadIkSA le lI pratIta hotI hai| isa samaya taka ina zakoM kA prAyaH pUrNatayA bhAratIyakaraNa ho cukA thaa| unhoMne bhAratIya AcAra-vicAra, bhASA, nAma, vezabhUSA, rItirivAja, dharma aura saMskRti apanA liye the| eka jaina anuzruti ke anusAra isI mahArAja naravAhana ne apane minna magadhanareza ko munirUpa meM dekhakara unakI preraNA se subuddhi nAmaka apane dhanakuvera rAjyaSTi evaM mitra ke sAtha munidIkSA le lI thii| usa samaya dakSiNAtya jaimasaMgha ke netA laMghAcArya arhadali the / vahI sambhavataH rAjA naravAhana aura SHARE MASHION 78 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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seTha subuddhi ke dIkSA gurU the| ukta AcArya ne san 66 I. ke lagabhaga veNyAtaTavartI mahimAnagarI meM mahAmuni sammelana kiyA thaa| usI sammelana ne saurASTra ke girinagara kI candraguphA meM nivAsa karanevAle Agamadhara AcArya dharasena kA sandeza vAkara, sarvasammati se subuddhi evaM naravAhana munitya ko saryathA yogya samajhakara dharasenAcArya kI sevA meM bhejA thaa| dharasenAcArya ne inheM kramazaH puSpadanta aura bhUtabali nAma diye, svayaM ko paramparA se prApta mUla AgamajJAna diyA aura use pustakIkaraNa karane kA Adeza diyA / pariNAmasvarUpa prAppadannaH ena zAnti jhAvArthadara ke adhyavasAya se SaTUkhaNDAgama siddhAnta ke rUpa meM tIrthakara pahAvIra kI jhAdazAMgavANI ke ukta mahattvapUrNa aMza kA uddhAra huA, vaha lipibaddha huA aura pustaka rUpa meM usake pUjana-prakAzana kI smRti meM zrutapaMcamI kI pravRtti huii| MEMES madracaSTanavaMzI kSatrapa nahapAna ke rAjya tyAga karane ke pazcAta kucha hI varSoM meM usake senApati yazomatika kA bala aura prabhAva itanA bar3A ki vaha maharAta rAjya kI pradhAna zakti bana gayA / usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI caSTana aura bhI adhika mahattvAkAMkSI vIra evaM yuddhakuzala thaa| san 78 I. meM usane mAlavamANa ko parAjita karake ujjayinI para adhikAra kara liyA aura isa upalakSya meM apanA navIna zaka saMvata pracalita kiyaa| usane apanI svatantratA bhI ghoSita kara dI aura saurASTra meM nayIna sandharvaza kI sthApanA kI jo pazcimI kSatrapavaMza khlaayaa| jaina anuzruti ke anusAra mahAvIra nirmANa se 105 varSa pA~ca mAsa pAt isa vaMza kA saMsthApaka zaka narendra bhadrapaSTana hI pracalita zaka saMvat kA praklaMka haiN| yaha bhAratavarSa kA prathama caitrAdi saMvat thA aura dakSiNa evaM pazcima bhArata meM sAmAnyatayA tathA jainoM meM vizeSatayA lokapriya huA / sAtavAhana rAjAoM ne bhI isa navIna saMyata ko apanAne kA prayatma kiyA, isIlie kAlAntara meM vaha zaka-zAlivAhana saMvatU ke nAma se bhI prasiddha huaa| bhadracaSTana kA vaMza lagabhaga DhAI sau varSa taka calA aura usameM kaI mahatvapUrNa nareza hue / caTama kA pautra mahAkSatrapa rudradAmana prathama (lagabhaga 17-150 I.) isa vaMza kA sarvAdhika zaktizAlI evaM pratApI mareza thA usakA san 150 I. kA bRhat zilAlekha o itihAsa meM jUnAgar3ha-prazasti ke nAma se prasiddha hai, girinagara ke suprasiddha mauryakAlIna sudarzanatAla ke taTa para aMkita hai| usa sarovara kA jINoddhAra bhI isa nareza ne karAyA thaa| rudradAmana ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI dAmajadazrI ne girinagara kI pUryokta candraguphA meM AgamoddhAraka AcArya dharasena ke svargavAsa kI smRti meM eka zilAlekha kita karAyA thaa| isakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI rudrasiMha prathama bhI jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| prAyaH ilI kAla meM isa yaza kI eka rAjamahilA ne khArayena-vikrama yuga :: 79

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi vaizAlI ko tIrthayAtrA kI thii| usa mahilA kI katipaya mudrAe~ basAi (vaizAlI) ke khaMDaharoM meM prApta huI haiN| mathurA ke zaka kSatrapa __ maurya samprati ke samaya meM rAnI sarbilA ke prayAsa se prAcIna jaina stUpa para jainoM kA punaH adhikAra sthApita ho jAne ke uparAnta pazcimI uttarapradeza meM mathurA nagara jaina dharma kA pramukha kendra banatA gyaa| yahA~ ke tathAkathita mitravaMzI rAje jI sampayatayA rAnI sacilA kI hI santati meM se the yA to jaina the athavA jainadharma ke prati paryApta sahiSNu the| ukta prAcIna devanirmita stUpa (jisake avazeSa mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se vipula pAtrA meM prApta hue haiM) ke cAroM ora eka vizAla jaina saMsthAna vikasita huA jahA~ aneka jaina sAdhu nivAsa karate the| mathurA ke ye jaina muni samrATa khAravela dvArA Ayojita muni sammelana meM bhI sammilita hue the| inakI eka vizeSatA yaha thI ki unhoMne eka dUsare se phaTakara dUra hotI huI dakSiNI-pazcimI zAkhAoM se, jo kAlAntara meM kramaza: digambara aura zvetAmbara nAmoM se prasiddha huIM, svayaM ko pRthak rakhA tathA una donoM ke samanvaya kA hI prayatna kiyaa| mathurA ke ina muniyoM ne hI vaha sarasvatI-Andolana calAyA jisake phalasvarUpa jainasaMgha meM zrutAgama ke lipibaddha karane evaM pustaka sAhitya praNayana kI pravRtti zurU huii| vaise bhI mahAnagarI mathya vibhinna dharmoM, saMskRtiyoM tathA dezI-videzI jAtiyoM kA sakhada saMgamasthala thii| svabhAvataH vahA~ ke jaina sAdhu aura gRhastha apekSAkRta kahIM adhika udAra aura vizAla dRSTiyAle the| astu, prAyaH usI kAla meM jaba zakoM kA mAlavA meM sarvaprathama praveza huA (lagabhaga I. pU. 66 meM) to mathurA para bhI unakI eka zAkhA ne adhikAra kara liyA thaa| mathurA ke isa zaka kSatrapa baMza meM hagana, ramjubala, moDAsa Adi nAma prApta hote haiN| mathurA kI apanI paramparA ke anusAra usake ina zaka-kSatrapoM ne bhI sarvadharma sahiSNutA kI nIti apnaayii| inameM mahAkSatrapa zoDAsa sarvAdhika prasiddha hai aura usakA jhukAva bhI jainadharma kI ora vizeSa rahA pratIta hotA hai| isI kAla meM mathasa meM prasiddha jaina siMhadhyana sthApita hA tathA zrama mahArakSita ke ziSya aura vAtsI ke putra zrAvaka uttaradAsaka ne jinendra ke prAsAda kA toraNa nirmANa karAyA thaa| svAmI mahAkSatrapa sojhAsa ke 42 varSa ke eka zilAlekha meM arhata-vadhamAna ko namaskAra karane ke pazcAtta batAyA hai ki hArIliputra pAla kI bhAryA zramaNa-zrAvikA kautsI AmohinI ne pAlaghoSa, prosthAghoSa evaM ghanaghoSa nAmaka apane putroM sahita AryavatI (bhagavAna kI mAtA) kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| eka anya usI kArava. ke abhilekha meM arhatu-bardhamAna ko namaskAra karake batAyA hai ki lavaNazobhikA nAma kI eka zramaNa-zrAvikA ne, jo eka gaNikA thI, apanI mAtA, bahanoM, putriyoM, putroM 80 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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tathA anya sarva parijanoM ke sAtha seThoM kI nigama ke arhatAyatana (jinamandira meM AIta bhagavAna kI pUjA ke lie eka vedIgRha, pUjA-maNDapa, prapA (jalAzaya), zilA Adi nirmANa karAkara samarpita kiye the / eka zilAlekha ke anusAra usa vIra gautIpatra kI bhAryA kauzikI zivamitrA ne eka AyAgapaTa pratiSThiApita kiyA thA, jo svayaM poThaya (padava yA pArthiyana) aura zaka logoM ke lie kAla vyAla (kAlA nAga arthAt unakA sAkSAt kAla) thaa| sambhayatayA isI gautI (gauptI) putra indrapAla ne arhanta-pUjA ke artha eka jina-pratimA pratiSThApita kI dhii| ye donoM zilAlekha IsavI sana kI prathama zatI ke dUsare dazaka ke anumAna kiye jAte haiN| aisA layatA hai ki isa parAkramI dhIra bhAptIputra ko hI mathurA meM zaka-zatrapoM kI sattA ko samApta karane kA zreya hai, sambhavatayA purAne yA eka navIna sthAnIya rAjyavaMza kI sthApanA kA bhI1 prAyaH usI kAla meM bhUne jayasena kI ziSyA dharmaghoSAne eka jinamandira banavAsa, apa-zrAvikA balaharitanI ne apane mAtA, pitA, sAsa aura zvasura sahita eka prAsAda-tozNa pratiSThApita kiyA, phAlguyaza nartaka kI mAyAM zivayazA ne arhata-pUjArtha eka AvAgapaTa samarpita kiyA, mathurAvAsI labADa nAmaka eka videzI kI bhAyA ne bhI eka AyAgapaTa dAna diyA, ityaadi| ye zilAlekha svayaM mukhara haiM aura isavI sana ke prArambha se pUrva kI tathA pazcAta kI donoM zatAbdiyoM meM mathasa kSetra ke katipaya pratiSThita jaina puruSoM evaM mahilAoM kA sAMketika paricaya hameM pradAna karate haiN| mathurA se prApta zatrapakAlIna zilAlekhoM meM jaina zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA abhya sabase adhika kuSANa nareza IsavI san kI prathama zatI ke madhya ke lagabhaga kuSANoM ne uttara-pazcima bhImAnta ke daroM le bhArata meM praveza karake kAbula, kandahAra aura pazcimI sindha para adhikAra kara liyaa| AgAmI pacIsa varSa bItate na bItate samasta paMjAba, kazmIra aura madhyadeza meM mathurA se Age taka unakI sattA sthApita ho gyii| isa vaMza kA sarvamahAn nareza kaniSka prathama thA jisakA rAjyArohaNa saMyoga se 78 I. meM huaa| usI varSa se usane apane rAjyakAla kI gaNanA prArambha kI, ataeva kAlAntara meM zakarAja bhadracaSTana dvArA sthApita saMvat kA pravartaka bahudhA kuSANa samrAT kaniSka ko hI mAnA jAne lgaa| kaniSka ne apane rAjya kA vistAra pazcima meM madhya eziyA ke bhItara taka, uttara meM tibbata tathA cIna ke bhI kucha bhAgoM taka aura pUrva meM bihAra paryanta vistRta kara liyA thaa| usakI pradhAna rAjadhAnI puruSapura (pezAbara) thI aura uparAjadhAnI mathurA dhii| vahA~ usakI svayaM kI eka dehAkAra mUrti bhI milI hai| bauddha anuti use azoka ke samAna hI bauddhadharma kA bhakta evaM prazrayadAtA batAtI hai| parantu vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki usake sAmrAjya meM jitane dharma pracalita the vaha una sabake khAravela-vikrama yuga ::

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1 prati sahiSNu thA aura sabhI kA samAna bhAva se Adara karatA thaa| kama se kama mathurA ke jainoM ko usa prahuA kA lekha meM samrAT kaniSka kA nAma aMkita hai / thAmasa Adi kaI vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra to kama se kama apane rAjyakAla ke pUrvabhAga meM jainadharma kI ora usakA vizeSa jhukAva rahA pratIta hotA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki eka prAcIna jaina stUpa kA bhI usane jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| pazcimottara sImAnta meM sirakapa ke prAcIna stUpa ko bhI aneka purAtatvajJoM ne mUlataH jaina ghoSita kiyA hai, aura vaha stUpa sambhavatayA isI nareza dvArA banavAyA gayA thaa| kaniSka ke pazcAt huviSka, kaniSka dvitIya, vaziSka, vAsudeva prathama, vAsudeva dvitIya Adi kaI rAje isa vaMza meM kramazaH hue| inameM pichale kaI to sthAyI rUpa se mathurA meM hI rahane lage the| tIsarI zatI I. ke prArambha ke lagabhaga ina kuSANa narezoM kI sattA astaprAya ho gayI thiiN| kaniSka kI bhA~ti usake vaMzaja bhI jainadharma ke prati paryApta sahiSNu rhe| unake zAsanakAla meM to mathurA kA jainadharma paryApta unnata evaM prANavAn dhA, jaisA ki usa kAla ke lagabhaga eka sau jaina zilAlekhoM se prakaTa hai| ina zilAlekhoM se rAjanItika aura Arthika hI nahIM, varan bhAratavarSa ke tatkAlIna evaM tatpradezIya sAMskRtika itihAsa kI apratima sAmagrI prabhUta mAtrA meM prApta hotI hai| kuSANakAla ke mathurA aura usake Asa-pAsa se prApta ukta zilAlekhoM meM se caubIsa meM tatkAlIna narezoM ke nAma, lagabhaga eka sau meM dharmabhakta zrAvakoM tathA sATha-sattara meM dharmaprANa mahilAoM ke nAma prApta hote haiN| sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke atirikta ina vividha prakAra ke dharmakArya, nirmANa aura dAna-pUjAdi karanevAle dharmAtmA strI-puruSoM meM vibhinna jAtiyoM, vargoM evaM vyavasAyoM se sambandhita vyaktiyoM ke nAma haiM, jinameM kaI eka cavana, zaka pahnava Adi videzI bhI haiN| uparyukta zilAlekhoM meM se cAra meM mahArAja rAjAtirAja devaputra - zAhi kaniSka kA cIdaha meM devaputra - mahArAja huviSka kA aura chaha meM mahArAja vAsudeva kA nAma aMkita hai| ullekhanIya abhilekhoM meM zreSThisena kI sahacAri ( bhAryA) aura devapAla kI putrI kSudrA dvArA vardhamAna pratimA ke dAna kA varaNahasti evaM devI kI putrI, jayadeva aura moSinI kI putravadhU tathA kuTa-katutha ko dharmapatnI sthirA dvArA 'sarvasattvAnaM hita sukhAya' eka sarvatobhadra pratimA ke dAna kA dharma kI putrI aura jayadAsa kI patnI gulhA dvArA RSabhadeva kI pratimA pratiSThApita karAne kA vaiNi zreSThi kI dharmapatnI aura bhaTTisena ko mAtA kumAramitrA dvArA sarvatobhadra pratimA ke dAna kA, jaya kI mAtA mAsigi dvArA bhI vaisI hI eka pratimA ke dAna kA seThAnI mitrazrI dvArA ariSTanemi kI pratimA pratiSThita karAne kA zucila seTha kI bhAryA dvArA zAntinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita karAne kA kASThabAkU (TimbaramarceNTa ) datila kI putravadhU, matila kI patnI aura jayapAla, devadAsa, nAgadatta aura nAgadattA kI mAtA zrAvikAdInA dvArA vardhamAna pratimA ke samarpaNa kA kho mitra mAnikara (jauharI) ke putra jayabhaTTi kI putrI, lohavaNika 82 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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lohe ke vyApArI dala ke putra vAdhara ko putravadhU aura phalgudeva kI dharmapatnI misa ke dAna kA, sAdhavAhinI (AyAta-niryAta ke vyApArI eka sArthavAha kI palI) dhomA ke dAna kA, jambhaka kI patohU aura ayabhaTTa kI kuTumbinI (gRhiNI) gini (TaiMgarejina) basuyA ke dAma kA, navasti kI putrI, grahasena kI putravadhU tathA zivasenA, devasena aura zikveva kI mAtA jayA dvArA vardhamAna-pratimA kI pratiSThA kA, brahasti kI priya putrI bodhinandinI nAmaka sampanna gRhiNI dvArA eka anya vardhamAna-pratimA kI pratiSThA kA, buddhila kI putrI aura devila kI kuTumbinI gRhazrI ke dAna kA, tanandi kI putrI, addhi kI patnI aura gandhika kI mAtA jitAmitrA dvArA sarvatomaSTra pratimA ke dAna kA, kumArabhitrA ke putra mandhika (intela ke vyApArI) kumAramaTTi dvArA vardhamAna-pratimA kI pratiSThA kA, deyaputra-mahArAja huyiSka ke rAjya meM saM. 99 (san 18 I.) meM zivadAsa seTha ke sapatra Arya zreNTi rudradAsa dvArA arhatoM kI pUjArtha mAndI-vizAla (gajastambha) ke nirmANa evaM pratiSThA karAne kA, usake agale varSa grAmapramukha jayadeva kI putravadhU aura grAmapramukha (grAmika) jayanAga kI dharmapatnI siMhadattA dvArA eka pASANa-stambha (mAnastambha) kI sthApanA kA, zrAyaka puSya kI pattosa, gRhadatta kI gRhiNI aura puSpadatta kI mAtA kA dAna, buddhi kI patoha aura dharmabuddhi kI bhAryA kA zAna, adhikarNa caityAlaya ke pujArI (thA vyAsamAlI) kA dAna, saddhadatta kI pUtrI tathA puSpabuddhi kI bhAryA kA dAna, bubu kI putrI, rAjyavasu kI dharmapatnI, dekhila kI pAtA aura viSNabhava kI pitAmahI (dAdI) vijayazrI dvArA vardhamAna pratimA kA dAna, jo usane eka mAsa ke upavAsapUrvaka kiyA thA-sambhavatayA ukta upacAsa ke udyApana ke rUpa meM, goSThika nigama ke adhyakSa) lohikakAraka (lohAra) zramaNaka ke putra zrAvaka zUra kA dAna, AcArya nAgahastigaNi ke ziSya Aryadeva-vAcaka ke upadeza se siMha ke putra gopanAmA lohiyakAraka dvArA eka sarasvatI-pratimA ko pratiSThApanA kA (saMvat 54 - sana iMsa: 132 meM), AryAvarta ke nivAsI pasaka yA pravaraka ko kumbinI dattA dvArA mahAbhImatAya' (mahA sukha ke artha) bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke mandira ke lie kiyA gayA dAna, zrAvikA dattA dvArA devanirmita prAcIna deva stUpa para ahaMta munisuvrata kI pratimA kI pratiSThApanA, sena kI putrI, datta kI putravadhU, gandhika kI kuTumbinI jinadAsI dvArA eka jina-pratimA kA pavitra dAna, haraNyaka (svakAra yA sarrApha) deva kI putrI dvArA vardhamAna-pratimA kI pratiSThA, grahadala kI putrI aura dhanahasti kI pAnI kA dAna, pravaraka kI putrI aura gandhika varuNa kI patohU tathA mitra kI patnI Arya mahilA kSemA kA dAna, vaNika (vyApArI) siMhaka aura kauzikI (moM) ke putra siMhamandika sArA arhantoM kI pUjArtha eka AyAgapaTa kA dAna, zivaghoSa kI bhAryA kA dAna, malahANa kI putrI aura bhadrapaza kI putravadhU tathA bhadranandi kI bhAryA acala dvArA AyAmapaTa kA lAna, kala kI putrI aura siMhaviSNu kI bahana dvArA ghardhapAna-pratimA kI pratiSThApanA, dAsa ke putra bIri sArayala-vidhAma cupa ::43

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kA dAna, rusanandi ke putra tevaNika (tain) nandighoSa dvArA AyAgaphTa kI sthApanA, bajranandi kI putrI aura vRddhizivi kI patohU dattA bar3amAzi dvArA vardhamAna pratibhA kA dAna, mogalIputra puSpaka kI bhAryA azyA dvArA prAsAda (jinama) zArakI kAkIta zirika aura zivadinnA kI bahana zrAvikA okhA dvArA jinamandira nirmANa karAke usameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI pratimA pratiSThita karanA ( yaha parivAra videzI - zaka yA pahnava rahA pratIta hotA hai ), ityAdi zilAlekha haiM / ina lekhoM se usa kAla ke mathurA evaM usake Asa-pAsa ke nivAsI dharmaprANa Avaka-zrAvikAoM meM aneka kA paricaya prApta hotA haiN| adhikAMza nAma sArthaka haiM tathA ukta vyaktiyoM ke pratiSThita evaM sambhrAnta hone ke sUcaka haiN| unake viruda, vizeSaNa Adi bhI isa tathya ke samarthaka haiN| sudUra dakSiNa ke jaina tamila ( dravir3a ) pradeza ke pramukha rAjya cola, pANDya, dhera, kerala aura satyaputra the| AcArya bhadrabAhu zrutakevalI ke vizAkhAcArya Adi ziSya-praziSyoM ne karNATaka evaM tamila pradezoM meM pUrvakAla se hI vahA~ pracalita rahe Aye jaina dharma meM navIna prANa-saMcAra kiyA thaa| tamila bhASA ke prAcIna saMgama sAhitya se bhI prakaTa hai ki IsavI san ke prArambha ke Asa-pAsa jainadharma aura saMskRti vahA~ vyApaka evaM unnata sthiti meM the| usI kAla meM mUlasaMghAgraNI suprasiddha AcArya kundakunda hue jinakA eka nAma elAcArya bhI thA / yaha svayaM usI pradeza ke nivAsI the aura eka sambhrAnta kula meM utpanna hue the| unake gRhastha ziSya tiruvalluvara ne unhIM kI preraNA se tamila bhASA ke vizvavikhyAta nItizAstra' 'kuralakAvya' kI racanA kI thii| prAyaH usI kAla meM madurA ke pANDya nareza ne eka jaina zramaNAcArya ko sAMskRtika dUta ke rUpa meM roma ke samrAT AgasTasa ke darabAra meM bhejA thaa| prArambhika saMgama sAhitya kA praNayana bhI mukhyatayA mathurA nagara meM hI huA aura usameM jaina vidvAnoM kA pramukha yoga thA / prathama zatI IsavI ke uttarArdha meM AcArya Adubali dakSiNa bhAratIya jainoM ke saMcAcArya the aura unhoMne mahimAnagarI meM eka mahAmunisammelana kiyA thA jisameM mUlasaMgha nandi, sena, deva siMha, bhadra Adi gaNa-gacchoM meM vibhakta huaa| dUsarI zatI I. ke pUrvArdha meM future kI rAjadhAnI pareyUra (uragapura vartamAna tirucirApallI ) kA nAganareza kIlikavarmana cIla eka zaktizAlI rAjA thA aura jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usake kaniSTha putra rAjakumAra zAntivarmana hI muni dIkSA lekara AyArya samantabhadra svAmI ke nAma se vikhyAta hue| unhoMne pUre bhAratavarSa kA bhramaNa karake jinadharma kI vijaya- dundubhi bajAyI thI / unake ananya bhakta karahATaka ( karahada) ke prArambhika kadamba nareza zivakoTi aura usakA anuja zivAyana the| zivakoTi kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI zrI bhI jaina thaa| usI kAla meM cera rAjya kA svAmI mulyavana 84 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM .

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atyanta zaktizAlI nareza thaa| vaha mahAna vijetA thA aura prAyaH sampUrNa tamilanAi para tathA dakSiNa bhArata ke anya aneka bhAgoM para adhikAra karake usane apane rAjya ko eka vizAla sAmrAjya banA diyA thaa| samudroM para bhI usakA prabhutva thaa| rAjya meM jainadharma kI pravRtti thI aura yaha samrAT bhI usI kA anuyAyI thA / usakA bhAI rAjakumAra illivalavana lI dIkSA lekara jainamuni ho gayA thaa| tamila bhASA ke suprasiddha prAcIna mahAkAvya zilappadikarama kA racayitA yahI rAjarSi illiklavana (ilaMgoM) thaa| auve nAma kI suprasiddha prAcIna tamila kavayitrI bhI IsavI san ke prArambha ke lagabhaga huii| vizvAsa kI jAtI hai, vaha eka jaina rAjakumArI thI jo bAla-brahmacAriNI rahI aura apanI niHsvArtha samAjasevA, sumadhura yAnI aura nItipUrNa upadezoM ke lie Aja bhI tamila bhASAbhASiyoM ke lie 'mAtA auve' (AryikA mau) ke rUpa meM smaraNIya evaM pUjanIya banI huI haiN| khArathela-vikrama yuga ::

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gaMga-kadamba-pallava-cAlukya maisUra kA gaMgavaMza S vartamAna karNATaka (maisUra) rAjya ke adhikAMza bhAga tathA kAberI nadI kI pUrNa ghATI maiM vistRta gaMgavADa rAtrya aura darzanta avicchinna zAsana karanevAle rAjAoM kA vaMza pazcimI gaMgavaMza kahalAtA hai| isa rAjyavaMza ke sAtha prArambha se lekara anta paryanta jainadharma kA atyanta nikaTa sambandha rahA hai aura usameM aneka pratApI evaM dharmAtmA jaina nareza hue haiN| sambhavatayA yaha unakI nIti parAyaNatA evaM dhArmikatA kA hI pariNAma thA ki jitanA dIrghajIvI yaha rAjyavaMza rahA, rAjanItika itihAsa meM anya koI zAyada hI rahA / vaMza - saMsthApaka daddiga aura mAdhava - zilAlekhoM, tAmrapatroM Adi meM nibaddha isa vaMza kI paramparA- anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra isa vaMza ke mUla saMsthApaka dakSiNa aura mAdhava nAma ke do rAjakumAra the| bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke ikSvAku vaMza meM ayodhyA ke eka rAjA harizcandra the, jinake putra bharata kI patnI vijaya mahAdevI se gaMgadatta kA janma huaa| usI ke nAma se karNATaka kA ukta vaMza jAhaveya, gAMgeya yA gaMgavaMza khlaayaa| gaMga kA eka vaMzaja viSNugupta, ahicchatrA kA rAjA huA jo tIrthakara ariSTanemi kA bhakta thaa| usakA vaMzaja zrIdatta bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA ananya bhakta thaa| usake vaMza meM kampa kA putra padmanAbha ahicchatrA kA rAjA huaa| usake rAjya para jaba ujjayinI ke rAjA ne AkramaNa kiyA jo rAjA padmanAbha ne apane do bAlaka putroM, daddiga aura mAdhava ko katipaya rAjacihnoM sahita dUra videza meM bheja diyaa| pravAsa meM ye rAjakumAra dhIre-dhIre bar3e hue aura ghUmate-ghAmate karNATaka deza ke perUra nAmaka sthAna meM phuNce| nagara ke bAhara sthita jinAlaya meM jaba rAjakumAra bhagavAn ke darzana-pUjana ke lie gaye to unheM vahA~ munirAja siMhanandi ke darzana hue| gurucaraNoM meM unhoMne namaskAra kiyA to AcArya ne unheM AzIrvAda diyA aura sulakSaNa evaM honahAra dekhakara unakA vigata vRttAnta puuchaa| unake bala parAkama kI parIkSA karane ke lie unheM Adeza diyA ki talavAra ke eka hI bAra se sammukha khar3e zilAstambha ko bhagna kara deN| rAjakumAra parIkSA meM uttIrNa hue| AcArya ne apane nikaTa rakhakara unheM NB :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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mArgadarzaka and a ghlapi di sin rAjyocita zikSA-dIkSA dI tathA samasta upayogI vidhAoM meM pAraMgata kiyA, aura upayukta samaya dekhakara vana meM hI karNikAra puNyoM kA mukuTa pahanAkara unakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA, apanI mayUrapicchikA unheM rAjadhvaja ke rUpa meM pradAna kI aura mattagayanda unakA rAjyaci nizcita kiyaa| usa samaya AcArya ne isa prathama maMga-narezadvaya ko yaha cetAvanI dI ki...yadi tuma loga (yA tumhAre vaMzaja) kabhI apamA vacana bhaMga karoge, kabhI jinazAsana se vimukha hoge, parastrI ke Upara kudRSTi DAloge, -mAMsa kA sevana karoge, nIca vyaktiyoM kI saMgati karoge, yAcaka janoM ko dAna dene se mu~ha mor3oge aura raNabhUmi se pITha dikhAkara bhAgoge to tumhAre kula kA nAza ho jaaegaa| daddiga aura mAdhava bhrAtRdvaya ne guru vacanoM ko zirodhArya kiyA aura guru ke upadezAnusAra adbhuta utsAha ke sAtha rAjya nirmANa ke kArya meM juTa gye| gaMgarAjya-saMsthApaka siMha nandyAcArya dvArA dahiga aura mAdhava ko abhiSikta karake ukta rAjya evaM rAjyavaMza kI nIMva DAlane kI ghaTanA kI tithi 188 I. mAnyatA kI jAtI hai, yadyapi kaI Adhunika vidvAn use tIsarI zatAbdI meM rakhate haiN| AcArya siMhanadi sambhavatayA jinadharma ke parama prabhAvaka AcArya samantabhadrasvAmI ke suziSya the| eka zilAlekha meM siMhanandi ko 'dakSiNa- dezavAsI maMgamahImaNDalIka - kulasamuddharaNaH zrImUla saMghanAtha' kahA gayA hai| inake ziSya uparyukta gaMgarAjakumAroM ne bANamaNDala ke eka bar3e bhAga ko apane parAkrama se vijaya karake rAjya kI nIMva DAla dii| eka anuzruti ke anusAra unhoMne nandagiri ko apanA durga banAyA, kubalAla (kaulAra) ko rAjadhAnI banAyA, gaMgavAr3a - 96,000 saMjaka unakA deza huA, raNabhUmi meM vijaya ko unhoMne apanI thirasaMginI banAyI tathA jinendra bhagavAn ko apanA iSTadeva, jinamata ko apanA dharma aura AcArya siMhanandi ko apanA guru banAkara unhoMne isa pRthvI kA uttara meM mANDale paryanta, pUrva meM toNDeyamaNDalam taka dakSiNa meM koMgu deza taka aura pazcima meM cera rAjya kI dizA meM mahAsAgara paryanta bhoga kiyaa| bar3e bhAI daddiga kI mRtyu to rAjya nirmANa ke prayatna ke madhya hI ho gayI thI, ataeva isa vaMza kA vAstavika prathama nareza choTA bhAI mAdhava koMguNiva prathama thA, jisane lagabhaga pacAsa varSa rAjya kiyaa| bANoM ke sAtha usake prAyaH nirantara yuddha calate rahe - zilAlekhoM maiM use bANarUpI vana ke lie dAvAgni kahA gayA hai| parAkramI hone ke sAtha hI sAtha vaha bar3A dharmAtmA thaa| maNDala nAmaka sthAna meM usane kASTha kA eka bhavya jinAlaya banavAyA aura eka jaina pITha bhI sthApita kiyA jo zikSA aura saMskRti kA kendra aura nirgrantha guruoM kA AvAsa sthAna thA / usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI kiriyamAdhava dvitIya thA jo nItizAstra meM niSNAta aura dattakasUtroM kA TIkAkAra thaa| usane apane pitA kA padAnusaraNa kiyaa| isakA jyeSTha putra harivarmana pitA ke rAjya kA adhikArI huaa| usane kuvalAla kA parityAga karake talakADa (tAlavanapura yA tAlavananagara) ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA, gaMga-kadamba-pallava- cAlukya : 87

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anuja Aryavarmana ko perUra kA aura dUsare bhAI kRSNavarmana ko ka~vAra viSaya kA zAsaka niyukta kiyaa| tabhI se isa pazcimI gaMgavaMza kI pradhAna zAkhA talakA meM rahI aura perUra evaM kaivAra kI do upazAkhAeM cliiN| svayaM harivarmana dhanurvidyA ke lie prasiddha thaa| usane yuddha meM hAthiyoM kA prayoga kiyA aura rAjya ko samRddha banAyA / OM tadagala mA upayukta harimana ke pAtra pRthvIgaMga kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI yaha mAdhava tRtIya eka mahAn zAsaka thaa| kadamba nareza kAkutsthavarmana kI putrI ke sAya usakA vivAha huA thaa| yaha tryambaka aura jinendra kA samAna rUpa se bhakta thaa| isa rAjA ke kaI abhilekha 357 se 379 I. taka ke prApta hue haiM, jinameM se 370 I. ke eka tAmrazAsana ke anusAra mahArAja tadaMgala mAdhava ne apane rAjya ke 13veM varSa meM parabbolala grAma ke arhatu mandira ke lie digambarAcArya vIradeva ko kumArapura nAmaka grAma tathA anya bahuta-sI bhUmi pradAna kI thii| vaha tAmrapatra matUra tAluke ke nInAmaMgala nAmaka sthAna kI prAcIna jaina basadi (mandira) ke bhagnAvazeSoM meM prApta hue haiN| usa kAla meM ina gaMganarezoM ke prazraya meM aneka jaina AcArya evaM sAhityakAra hue| avinIta maMga-tadaMgala mAdhava kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI avinIta koMguNivarma- dharma - mahArAjAdhirAja kadambanareza kAkutsyavarmana kA dauhitra aura zAntivarmana evaM kRSNacarmana prathama kA priya bhAgineya thaa| apane pitA kI mRtyu ke samaya vaha mAtA kI goda meM choTA-sA zizu mAtra thaa| zilAlekhoM meM use zatajIvI kahA gayA aura usakA zAsanakAla bahuta dIrghakAlIna sUcita kiyA gayA hai| yaha nareza bar3A parAkramI aura dharmAtmA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki kizora vaya meM hI eka bAra usane jinendra kI pratimA ko zira para dhAraNa karake bhayaMkara bAda se bipharatI kAverI nadI ko akele pA~va payAdepAra kiyA thaa| usake guru jainAcArya vijayakIrti the, jinakI dekharekha meM usakI zikSA-dIkSA huI thii| nonamaMgala tAmrazAsana ke anusAra san 430 I. meM gaMgarAja avinIta ne svaguru vijayakIrti ko mUlasaMgha ke candrananandi Adi guruoM dvArA sthApita uranUra ke arhat-mandira evaM bihAra ke lie dAna diyA thA / san 442 I. meM (hasakoTe) tAmra-zAsana dvArA usane eka anya arhatAyatana ko dAna diyA thaa| isa lekha meM pallavAdhirAja siMhavarmana kI mAtA kA bhI ullekha hai| yaha siMhavarmana jainAcArya sarvanandi ke prAkRta lokavibhAga (458 I.) meM ullikhita tannAma pallavanareza se abhinna pratIta hotA hai / markarA tAmrapatra se jJAta hotA hai ki 466 I. meM avinIta ne rAjadhAnI lAlavananagara kI jaina basadi ke lie dAna diyA thaa| suprasiddha digambarAcArya devanandi pUjyapAda (lagabhaga 464-524 I.) ko isa rAjA ne apane putra yuvarAja durvinIta kA zikSaka niyukta kiyA thaa| abhilekhoM meM mahArAja avinIta gaMga ko vidvajjanoM meM pramukha, muktahastadAnI aura dakSiNApatha meM jAti-vyavasthA evaM dharma-saMsthAoM kA pradhAna saMrakSaka batAyA hai, aura likhA hai ki 'isa nareza ke hRdaya 88 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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meM mahAna jinendra ke caraNa acala-meru ke samAna sthira the|' perUra ke jinAlaya, punnATa deza kI jaina basadiyoM tathA anya jinAyatanoM ko bhI usane dAna diye the| sAtha hI usane apanI rAjyazakti aura samRddhi ko bhI akSuNNa rakhA thaa| usakA zAsana prabandha bhI uttama thaa| . . * * duvinIta gaMga- avinIta kA patra evaM uttarAdhikArI davinIta koMgaNi (khagabhaga 481-522 I.) bar3A vIra, mahattvAkAMkSI, vidvAn, sAhityarasika, gaNioM kA Adara karane thAlA, pratApI evaM mahAn nareza thA / svaguru AcArya pUjyapAda kA padAnusaraNa karane meM vaha apane Apako dhanya mAnatA thaa| mahAkavi bhAravi bhI usake darabAra meM kucha samaya rahe aura usane unake 'kirAtArjunIya' ke 15 sarga para eka TIkA bhI likhI thii| guru pUjyapAda dvArA racita pANinIya vyAkaraNa kI zabdAvalAra TIkA kA kannaDa anuvAda tathA prAkRta vRhatkathA kA saMskRta anuvAda bhI durvinIta ne kiye batAye jAte haiN| jaina dharmAvalambI bhujaga-punnATa kI pautrI evaM skanda punnATa kI putrI ke sAtha vivAha karake usane punnATa pradeza daheja meM prApta kara liyA thaa| apane parAkrama aura jiyoM ke dvArA duvinIta ne pUrva aura pazcima donoM dizAoM meM rAjya vistAra karake gaMdha rAjya ko sAmrAjya kA rUpa de diyA thaa| apane samaya meM dakSiNa bhArata kA kaha sarvAdhika zaktizAlI nareza thaa| vaha pramuzakti, mantrazakti aura utsAhazakti tInoM zaktiyoM se sampanna yaa| vaha sarvadharma-sahiSNu thA, tathApi pakkA jaina thaa| kogali nAmaka sthAna meM usane cenna-pAzcanAtha-bAda kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| usake pradhAna dharmaguru evaM vidyAguru devanandi pUjyapAda jaina paramparA ke sarvamahAn AcAryoM evaM sAhityakAroM meM se haiN| rAjadhAnI lalakAra kI pradhAna jaina basAni ke vaha adhyakSa the, aura yaha saMsthAna usa kAla meM dakSiNa bhArata meM sAta kA pramukha kendra, eka mahAna vidhApITha evaM sAMskRtika adhiSThAna thA, jisameM siddhAnta, taka, chandra, vyAkaraNa, Ayurveda, kAvya, rAjanIti Adi vividha viSayoM kI zikSA kI samucita vyavasthA thii| duvinIta ke uparAnta usakA prathama putra polavIra, taduparAnta dvitIya putra muSkara rAjA huaa| muSkara gaMga-pro. rAmAsvAmI AyaMgara ke matAnusAra mokkara yA muSkara gaMga ke samaya meM jainadharma gaMgabAr3I kA rAjyadharma thaa| isa rAjA ne 550 I. ke lagabhaga belArI ke nikaTa muskara-basadi nAmaka bhavya jinAlaya nirmANa karAyA thaa| usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI zrIvikrama thA, jisakA uttarAdhikArI usakA colarAnI se utpanna putra bhUvikrama-mRklaya-zrIvikrama thA, jisane pallava nareza ko parAjita karake usase ugrodaya mAmaka prasiddha ratnajaTita bahumUlya hAra chInA thaa| usake 684 I, ke bedanUra dAnapatra se usakA jinabhakta honA sUcitta hotA hai aura yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki usakA mahAsAmanta bANarAjA vikramAditya movinda-zacIndra bhI parama jaina thA tathA akalakadeya ke sadharmA puSpasena muni kA bhakta thaa| bhUvikrama ke pazcAta usakA sautelA bhAI jo gaMga-kadamba-pallava-cAlukA : 49

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1231878750 64 85223533 zrIvikrama kI dUsarI rAnI (sindhurAja kI kanyA) se utpanna thA, rAjA huA 1 usakA nAma zivamAra prathama thaa| zivamAra prathama-yaha zivamAra-navakAma-ziSyapriya-pRthvIkoguNI apanI prAya: vRddhAvasthA meM siMhAsanAsIna huA thA / vaha parama jaina thA aura 670 I. meM usane kaI jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA jaina guru candrasenAcArya ko dAna diyA thaa| yaha AcArya sambhavatayA paMcastUpAnkya zAkhA ke una candrasena muni se abhinna haiM jo bhavalAkAra svAmI nIrasena ke dAdAguru the| isa nareza ke 700 aura 713 I. ke bhI abhilekha mile haiM- prathama (harimatha tAmrapatra) meM usake pUrvajoM kA bhI vivaraNa hai aura gaMga durvinIta tathA usake guru devanandi pUjyapAda kA bhI ullekha hai| zivamAra navakAma ke pazcAt usake putra rAcamalla garegaMga ne zAsana kiyA, tadanantara ziyamAra kA pautra zrIpuruSa siMhAsana para baitthaa|| zrIpuruSa muttarasa-sanmArmarakSaka, lokadhUrta, zatrubhyaMkara, rAjakesarI, paramAnandi, zrIvallabha Adi virudadhArI gaMga nareza zrIpuruSa muttarasa pRthvIkoguNI (726-76 I.) ke dIrghakAlIna zAsanakAla meM gaMgarAjya punaH apanI zakti evaM samRddhi kI carama sImA ko pahu~ca gyaa| usane aneka saphala yuddha bhI lar3e aura pallava narezoM tathA bANa rAjAoM ko kaI bAra parAjita kiyaa| rASTrakUToM ke prahAroM se vaha svayaM vIratA evaM buddhimattApUrvaka rakSA karatA rahA / pANDyanareza rAjasiMha ke putra ke sAtha apanI putrI kA vivAha karake usa rAjya se maitrI sambandha banAyA, jisake phalasvarUpa pANDayadeza meM pichale dazakoM meM jainoM para jo bhayaMkara atyAcAra ho rahe the unakA anta huA aura tamila kI sAhityika pravRttiyoM meM jaina vidvAnoM kA punaH yoga huaa| cikaballAlapura Adi kaI sthAnoM ke bhagna jinamandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra huaa| gaMgoM ke adhInastha yANanareza bhI jainadharma ke bar3e bhakta the| san 750 I. ke lagabhaga ballamalaI meM ajanandi ne AcArya bhAnunandi ke ziSya aura bAganareza ke guru devasena kI mUrti sthApita kI thii| AcArya prabhAcandra, vimalacandra, vRddhakumArasena, paravAdi malla, toraNAcArya, puSpasena, vidyAnanda, anantavIrya Adi isa kAla meM karNATaka ke prasiddha jaina guru the| narasiMharAjapurA tAmrazAsana ke anusAra gaMganareza zrIpuruSa ne lolla viSaya ke jinamandira ko apane pAsapiDa gaMgavaMzI sAmanta nAmatharmA kI preraNA se pAlavalli grAma dAna diyA thA aura 776 I. meM zrIpura ke pArtha jinAlaya ko dAna diyA thA-sambhavatayA isI avasara para vidyAnandasvAmI ne ukta jinAlaya meM rAjA kI upasthiti meM prasiddha 'zrIpura-pArzvanAtha-stotra' kI racanA kI thI aura zAyada tadanantara zrIpura ko hI apanA sthAyI nivAsa banAyA thaa| isI varSa isa nareza ne zrIpura kI uttaradizA meM nimApita lokatilaka mAmaka jinabhavana ke lie samasta karoM aura bAdhAoM se mukta karake ponmali' nAmaka sampUrNa grAma tathA anya bahuta-sI bhUmi pradAna kI dhii| isa bhavya jinAlaya kA nirmANa kundAdhi nAmaka rAjamahilA ne karAyA thA 90 :: pramukha motihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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jisakI mAtA pallavAdhirA ko priyapatrI thI aura pitA samarakala-tilaka garuvarmA the tathA jo svayaM bANakula ke nAzaka yugada nInda-yuvarAja ke putra paramagUla-zrIpRthvInIgundarAja ke sAtha vivAhI thii| rAnI kundAcci ke zvasura duSTu-bhIgumda-yuvarAja ke guru vimalacandrAcArya the jinhoMne isI gaMganareza 'zatrubhayaMkara' kI rAjasabhA ke dvAra para paravAdiyoM ke prati zAstrArtha kA khulA Ahana caleMja) likhakara lagAyA thaa| sambhavatayA unhIM ke upadeza se ukta mandira kA nirmANa karAyA gayA thA aura dAna bhI unhIM ke kisI zidhya-praziSya ko diyA gayA thaa| lagabhaga pacAsa varSa zAsana karane ke uparAnta 777 I. meM isa suyogya pratApI nItiparAyaNa evaM dharmAtmA nareza zrIpuruSa muttarasa ne rAjya kA bhAra apane putra ziyamAra dvi. saigotta ko dekara zeSa jIvana jaina guruoM ke samparka meM eka udAsIna zrAdhaka ke rUpa meM bitAyA pratIta hotA hai| usakI mRtyu 788 I. ke lagabhaga huI lagatI hai| zivamAra dvi. saMgIta isa rAjA kA rAjyakAla 776-815 I. hai, kintu isa bIca meM vaha do bAra rAjyacyuta huA aura rASTrakUToM ke bandIgRha meM use lagabhaga dasa-pandraha varSa rahanA pdd'aa| yaha gaMganareza bhArI yoddhA, vIra aura pasakramI thaa| yuddhoM meM use kaI bAra adbhuta saphalatA bhI milI aura kaI bAra parAjaya bhii| usa kAla ke dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjanItika saMgharSoM meM vaha AkaNTha ulajhA thaa| jainadharma kA bhI vaha mahAna saMrakSaka aura bhakta thaa| svAmI vidyAnanda kA vaha bahuta sammAna karatA thaa| usake saMrakSaNa ke kAraNa svAmI vidyAnanda apane 'zlokavArtika' aura 'aSTasahasrI jaise vizAla granthoM kA zAntipUrvaka praNayana kara ske| zivamAra kA putra mArasiMha aura bhatIjA satyavAkya bhI, jo usakI anupasthiti meM rAjyakArya sa~bhAlate the, vidyAnanda ke bhakta the| ukta AcArya ke vibhinna granthoM meM ina gaMga-narezoM ke nAma aMkita pAye jAte haiN| zivamAra ne zravaNabelagola ke choTe parvata para zikmArana-basadi nAma kA eka sundara jinAlaya banavAyA thA, tathA kalabhAcI meM jinamandira banavAkara grAmadAna kiyA thaa| isI koguNI-mahArAjAdhirAja-paramezvara zrIzighamAradeva ke putra, yuvarAja evaM gaMgamaNDala ke tatkAlIna sthAnApanna zAsaka lokatrinetra mArasiMha ke mantrI 'samasta sAmanta-senAdhipati, parama Aheta, parama dhArmika, mantra-prabhUtsAha-zakti-sampanna' zrIvijaya ne gaMgoM kI rAjadhAnI mAnyapura meM zrIvijaya nAma kA atyanta bhavya evaM vizAla zinAlaya banavAyA thA, jisake lie svayaM yuvarAja mArasiMha ne 797 I. meM bhUmi Adi kA puSkala dAna diyA thA aura kundakundAmvaya ke muni zAlmalI grAmanivAsI loraNAcArya ke praziSya tathA puSpanandI ke ziSya prabhAcandra muni kA sammAna kiyA thaa| una munisala ne ukta basadi ko hI apanA AvAsa banA liyA thaa| san 600 I. meM yuvarAja pArasiMha tathA usake cacA dumgamAra ne aMjaneya aparanAma koila basadi nAma kA sundara jinAlana nArAyaNa nAmaka zilpI se banavAyA thA aura mandira ke lie bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| isI samaya ke lagabhaga gaMjama maMga-kadamba-pallava-cAlukya ::

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.... jhAnapatra ke dvArA isa zAsaka ne jaina gaoM ko aura bhI bahula-saba dAna diyA thA tathA nandiparvata para AcArya kundakanda kA eka smAraka bhI banavAyA thaa| zivamAra ke prAntIya zAsakI, sAmanta vihirasa evaM vijayazaktirasa ne bhI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAke unake lie prAyaH usI kAla meM dAna diyA thaa| sana 801 I. meM basapaTTi ke Izyas-jinAlaya kA nirmANa huA aura 802 I. meM rASTrakUTa samrATra govinda tRtIya ne gaMgarAjya meM bhAgyapura kI uparyukta zrIvijaya-yadei ke lie manne dAnapatra dvArA dAna .diyA tathA udAragaNa kaM jaina muruoM kA sammAna kiyA thaa| cAmarAjanagara dAnapatra ke anusAra 817 I. meM rASTrakaTa gAvinda tRtIya ke bhAI kambha ne apane putra zaMkaragaNa kI prArthanA para lAlabananagara (sambhavatayA mAnyapura isakA upanagara thA) kI zrIvijaya-basadi ke lie kundakandAmyaya ke muni kumAranandi ke praziSya aura elAcArya ke ziSya vardhamAna-guru ko dAna diyA aura 812 I. meM rASTrakUTa nareza meM gaMgarAjya meM niyukta apane pratinidhi zAkirAja kI prArthanA para zIlagrAma ke jinamandiroM ke lie yApanIyasaMgha ke muru arkakIrti ko dAna diyA thaa| ziyamAra saigIta apane rAjanItika aura dhArmika kAryakalApoM ke atirikta bhArI vidvAna aura muNI bhI thaa| vaha pataMjali ke 'pharNisUtamata' prakaraNa kA parijhAtA aura 'gajASTaka' grantha kA katA bhI thaa| yuvarAja mArasiMha kI mRtyu usake jIvana kAla meM hI ho gayI thI, ataeva usake pazcAt zivamAra kA choTA bhAI vijayAditya sajA huA, kintu kucha samaya bAda hI usakI mRtyu ho gayI aura vijayAditya kA putra satyavAkya rAjA huaa| zivamAra ke choTe putra pRthvIpati prathama aparAjita ne pahale hI rAjya ke eka bhAga para apanA svatantra adhikAra kara liyA thaa| isa prakAra gaMgarAjya punaH do zAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| uparyukta pRthvIpali prathama bhI bar3A parAkramI vIra thaa| aneka vRddhoM meM usane bhAga liyA, vijaya prApta kI, aura eka yuddha meM hI vaha vIramati ko prApta huaa| usake muru jainAcArya ariSTanemi the| unake samAdhimaNapUrvaka dehatyAga ke samaya pRthvIpati aura usakI sanI kampilA zravaNabelagola ke kaTavana parvata para svayaM upasthita rahe the| usake putra mAsiMha ne hindUpura-dAnapatra dvArA 853 I. meM dAna diyA thaa| isa mAratiA kA putra pRthvIpati dvitIya hastimalla tathA pautra nanniya gaMga bhI jainadharma ke bhakta the| nanniya gaMga ke sAtha yaha zArakhA samApta ho gyii| rAcamalla satyavAkya prathama (815-55)isa rAjA ke gaddI para baiThane ke samaya gaMgarAjya kI sthiti bar3I DAMvADola thii| isa buddhimAn evaM parAkramI vIra ne bApA-nareza ko parAjita karake bANoM kA damana kiyaa| dUsare pratidvandvI nIlambAdhirAja kI bahana ke sAtha apanA tathA apanI putrI jayabbe ke sAtha usakA vivAha karake nolamba-patkhayoM ko apanA mitra banA liyaa| zaktizAlI rASTrakUTa samrAT se adhika ulajhane se yaha svayaM ko yathAsambhava bacAtA rahA 1 sa mareza ne maMgavaMza kI zakti, samRddhi aura pratiSThA kA punaruddhAra karake use eka bAra phira utkarSa pradAna kiyA 1 rAcamalla 92 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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vidyAnanda svAmI kA makla thaa| uttarI akAra ke citUra tAluke meM sthita yallamalaI parvata para guhAmandira banavAkara unameM usane jina-pratimAe~ pratiSTita karAyIM / usake svaguru Aryanandi the jo bAlacandra ke ziSya the| sambhavatayA yaha arthanandi hI jvAlamAlinI kalpa' nAmaka mantrazAstra ke racayitA the| ereyagaMga nItimArga prathama raNavikrama (858-70 I.)-sacamalla ke isa yazasvI putrI evaM uttarAdhikArI ne rASTrakuda samrAT amoghavarSa prathama kI putrI rAjakumArI candrabelabbA (abbalabbA) ke sAtha apane choTe putra bhUtagendra-buttarasa-gaNadataraMga kA vivAha karake zaktizAlI rASTrakUToM ko bhI sthAyI maitrI ke sUtra meM bA~dha liyaa| rAjakumAra bhUtuga (butuga) ne pallavarAja ko lUTakara apanI pratiSThA banAyI thI / kuDulUra dAnapatra meM isa gaMganareza nItimArga prathama ko paramapUjya' ahaMbhAraka ke gharaNakamaloM kA 'pramara' likhA hai, vahIM rAjakumAra bhUtuga ko bhI paramajaina likhA hai| zilAlekha jisa sthAna para hai usake nikaTa hI rAjan nItimArga ke samAdhimaraNa kA prastarAMkana hai, jisameM usakA svAmibhakta sevaka agarayya use saMbhAle hae baiThA hai, aura zokamagna rAjakumAra sammukha khar3A hai| isa rAjA ne aneka yuddhoM meM vIratApUrvaka vijaya prApta kI batAyI jAtI hai| aba gaMganareza rASTrakUTa samrAToM ke mahAsAmanta mAtra the aura dehAdhikatara aSTrakUToM kA MAHATETrane ke lie lar3e gaye pratIta hote haiN| rAcamalla satyavAkya dvitIya (870-907 I.) nItimArga kI sAlekhanApUrvaka mRtyu ke uparAnta usakA jyeSTha putra rAyamalla satyavAsya dvittIya sajA huA aura kyoMka vara niHsantAna thA, isalie usane apane anuja bIra bhUtumendra ko yuvarAja bnaayaa| ina donoM bhAiyoM ne pallavoM, pANDakoM, beMgi ke cAlukyoM Adi ke viruddha aneka yuddha kiye aura prazaMsanIya vijaya prApta kii| isa kAla meM bhUttuga kaumubhADa aura punnAra kA prAntIya zAsaka bhI rahA pratIta hotA hai| biliyUra dAnapatra ke anusAra rAjan rAcamalla satyavAkya dvi. ne apane rAjya ke 18veM varSa (887 I.) meM penekaDaMga sthAna meM svanirmita satyavAkya-jinAlaya ke lie zivanandi-siddhAnta bhaTTAraka ke ziSya sarvanandidena ko biliyUra (belUra) ilAke ke bAraha grAma pradAna kiye the| rAdhamalla ke jIvana meM hI (900 I. ke lagabhaga) yuvarAja bhUttugendra kI mRtyu ho gayI thI, jisake uparAnta bhUtuga kA putra eyarappa gareyagama-nItimArga yuvarAja huA aura usane apane tAU 'zramaNasaMba-syAdvAdAdhArabhUta' ukta saMcamAla satyavAkya ke sAtha milakara pASANanirmita pemenaDibasadi mAmaka jinAlaya ke lie kumArasena bhaSTrAraka ko zveta svAvala, ghRta, niHzulka zrama (vegAra) Adi kA dAna cuMgI Adi sarvaprakAra ke karoM se mukta karake diyA thaa| rAcamalla kI mRtyu ke ada vahIM rAjA huaa| eyarappa ereyagaMga nItimArga dvitIya, satyavAkya mahendrAntaka-907 se lagabhaga isa varSa rAjya kiyaa| zaka 111 (909 I.) meM jaba isa nareza kA rAjya gaMga kadaptra pallaya-cAlakya :: puI

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..........."."."......... .... .wman.............. aaaaaamwwewwwwwwwwww 00000ccaaaaaaaaa .MAmrapwww.---.-wwwninwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww.inmlawww..wmamimaksundament.xxx2. cAroM dizAoM meM vRddhiMgata thA' sAmanta sAntararasa kI sammati se manaleyAra nAmaka rAjapuruSa ne kanakagiritIrtha ke jinabhavana ko dumanA bar3A karake usake lie, svayaM mahArAja kI upasthiti meM, lippeyUra nAmaka sthAna meM kanakasena bhaTTAraka ko vividhi prakAra kA DAna ukta basadi ke lie diyA thaa| apane rAjyakAla meM svayaM isa rAmA ne bhI muihalli aura taurabhabu ke jinamandiroM ko dAna diye the| cAlukya rAjakumArI jakambA usakI rAnI thI, aura pallavoM ke viruddha yuddha karake usane aneka durga jIte the| usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI vIraveSDaMga narasiMha satyavAkya kA zAsana alpakAlIna rhaa| isake guru dravir3asaMghI vimalacandrAcArya the| isa rAjA ke do putra the-rAdhamalla satyavAkya aura butugagaMga / rAcamalla satyavAkya tRtIya-yaha rAjA kacchevarmama bhI kahalAtA thA / lagabhaga 120 I. meM vaha gaddI para baiThA / sambhavatayA yaha niHsantAna thA aura usake samaya meM hI usakA anuja atugagama yuvarAja thA jo paramavIra thaa| sacamalla ne baiMgi ke cAlukyoM ko yuddha meM parAjita kiyaa| apanI aura apane anuja kI yuddhoM meM prApta saphalatAoM ke kAraNa, sambada hai, sane rASTravAlako mukta hone kA prayatna kiyaa| ataeva samrAT kI senA ne gaMgarAjya para AkramaNa kara diyA aura usa yuddha meM graha rAjA rAcamalla dhIragati ko prApta huaa| tadanantara usakA bhAI yUtuga rAjA huaa| yaha sajA bhI jana thaa| bUluga dvitIya gaMga-gAMgeya-gaMgArAyaNa, nannivagaMga, jabadattaraMga, satyanIti-vAkya, koguNivarma-mahArAjAdhirAja-paramezvara Adi upAdhidhAraka yaha nareza bar3A yuddhavIra, parAkramI, pratApI aura prabhAvazAlI zAsaka thaa| prArambha meM rASTrakUToM kI hI sahAyatA evaM sadbhAvanA se yaha siMhAsanAsIna huA aura lagabhaga 997 se 953 I. paryanna usI rAjya kiyaa| usakI tIna rAniyA~ thIM, jinameM se prathama to rASTrakUTa samrAT amoghavarSa tRtIya kI putrI tathA kRSNa tRtIya ko bar3I bahana reyA thI, dUsarI kalambaratI nAmaka rAjakumArI thI aura tIsarI DahAiveza ke svAmI buddega kI putrI dIklAmbA thii| rASTrakUTa rAjakumArI ke sAtha usane puligere, belabolA, kisukada, yage Adi viSaya (lile) daheja meM prApta kiye the| apane zvasura baga kI mRtyu hone para usane usake rAjya ko lalleya ke paMje se nikAlakara apane adhipAle rASTrakUTasamrATU kRpA tRtIya ke lie prApta kara liyA thaa| anayapura ke kaMkarAja, banavAsi ke bijja-dantivarmana, nuluvagiri ke dAmari tathA rAjavarmA, nAgavarmA Adi rAjAoM meM usane apane parAkrama se bhaya utpanna kara diyA thaa| usane saMjApurI (saMjaura) kA gherA DAlA aura rAjAditya ko parAjita kiyA tathA nAlakoTe ke pahAr3I durga ko jalAkara 'bhasma kara diyaa| eka anya yuddha meM usane ukta ghola nRpati rAjAditya ko mAra DAlA thaa| jainadharma kA yaha gaMganareza parama bhakta thaa| jaina mandiroM aura jaina gurUoM ko usane aneka dAna diye the| jaina siddhAnta kA bhI vaha soData thA aura paravAdiyoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha karane --332 - 4 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina yuruSa aura mahilAe~ Maduatha.....

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kA use cAva thaa| eka bauddha vidvAn ke sAtha bhI usake zAstrArtha karane kA ullekha milatA hai| ekAnta-pata-madoddhata kuvAdi- kumbhIndra kumbha-sammeda naigamanayAdikulizerakarojjayaduttaraMga - nRpa jaise usake viruda sArthaka the| apane 938 ke sUdI (jilA dhAravAr3a ) tAmrazAsana ke anusAra isa nareza ne apanI priya patnI 'samyagdarzanavizuddha-pratyakSa devA' rAno dIvAlAmbA dvArA suldhAdavI sAlagrAma kSetra ke bandI nAmakA prabhArI nirmAti jinAlaya ke saMrakSaNa ke lie tathA vahA~ nivAsa karanevAlI chaha zramaNa AryikAoM ke dAna-sammAna ke lie guru nAgadeva paNDita ko svayaM pAdaprakSAlana karake, 'kArtika-nIzvara zuklapakSa kI aSTamI, AdityavAra ke dina yaha bRhat dAna diyA thaa| isa abhilekha meM rAjA ke aneka vIratApUrNa kAryakalApoM evaM vijayoM kA bhI ullekha hai / san 950 I. ke atakUra dAnapatra meM bUtuga dvArA coloM kI parAjaya aura unake senApati cola rAjakumAra ke mAre jAne kA bhI ullekha hai| usake kuDalUra arapatra se prakaTa hai ki usake parivAra ke anya sadasya bhI jainadharma ke bhakta aura dharmAtmA the| rAjA kI bar3I bahana pAmabbe, jo pediyara dorapayya kI jyeSTha rAnI thI, ast viduSI thI aura guNacandra bhaTTAraka tathA AryikA nANakanti kI ziSyA thI / isa dharmAtmA rAjamahilA ne AryikA ke rUpa meM tIsa varSa tapasyA kI thI aura anta meM (971 I. meM) samAdhimaraNapUrvaka deha kA tyAga kiyA thaa| isa devI kI AryikA dIkSA kI ghaTanA kA mahArAja bUnuga ke hRdaya para bhI gaharA prabhAva par3A thaa| gaMgarAja maruladeva ( 953-961 I.)- rASTrakUTa rAjakumArI revA se utpanna brUtuga dvitIya kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI thA / usakA vivAha apanI mamerI bahana bIjabbe ke sAtha huA thA, jo rASTrakUTa kRSNa tRtIya kI putrI thii| isa upalakSya meM maruladeva ko eka rAjacchatra bhI prApta huA thaa| svayaM usakI bahana somidevI ukta rASTrakUTa samrAT ke putra se vivAhI thI, jisase indra caturtha utpanna huA thaa| rASTrakUToM ke sAtha kaI pIr3hiyoM se cale Ate ina vivAha sambandhoM ne gaMganarezoM kI zakti paryApta bar3hA dI thI, jisase ve pallavoM, coloM aura beMga ke cAlukyoM- jaise prabala virodhiyoM se saphalatApUrvaka lohA le ske| marutadeva parama jinabhakta thaa| zilAlekhoM meM use 'jina caraNa-kamala-caMcarIka' kahA hai| gaMganareza mArasiMha (961-974 I.) - maruladeva kA sautelA bhAI thA jo usake pazcAt rAjA huaa| gaMgavaMza kA yaha antima mahAnU nareza bar3A pratAyI thA / usako zakti, pratiSThA aura rAjya kA vistAra bhI bahuta bar3e-bar3e the| zilAlekhoM meM usake guttiyagaMga, gaMgakandarpa, gaMmavidyAdhara, gaMgavajra, gaMgacUDAmaNi, parAkramasiMha, nolamba-kulAntaka, pallavamalla, mANDalikatrinetra, satyavAkya- koguNivarma-dharma-mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara ityAdi viruda prApta hote haiN| eka abhilekha meM use 'bhavanaikamaMgala jinendra-nityAbhiSeka - ratnakalaza' batAyA hai| san 968 I. ke isI lakSmezvara zilAlekha ke anusAra usane puligere ( lakSmezvara) kI usa zaMkhavasati tIrtha-maNDala meM, jahA~ pUrvavartI gaMga-narezoM dvArA gaMga-kadamba-pallava- cAlukya 95

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nipila mukkaravasati, parudevI-gR. candrikApikA-devAlaya, rAtharAcamAlavamati, zrIvijayavamati, gaMgapemaDiyAlaya Adi aneka jinamandira the, apane nAma se gaMgakandarpamUpAla-jinendra-mandira nAma kA bhavya jinAlaya banavAyA thA aura usake nimitta devamaNa ke AcArya devendra maTTAraka ke praziSya tathA zukadevayogi ke ziSya jayadeva-paNDita ko grAmAdi prabhUta dAna diyA thA 1 zravaNabelagola ke cikka para sthita kUge brahmadeva stambha para 974 I. kI isa nareza ko prazasti se prakaTa hai ki isa mahArAja mArasiMha ne apane adhipati rASTrakUTa kRSNa tu. ke lie murjaradeza ko vijaya kiyA thA, mAlavA para AkramaNa karake siyaka paramAra ko parAjita kiyA thA, kRSNa ke sabala zatru alla kA vamana kiyA, vindhya pradeza ke kirAtoM ko chinna-bhinna kiyA, zilAhAra vijala se yuddha kiyA, banavAsi ke rAjAoM ko parAjita kiyA, mAtuse kA damana kiyA. uncaMgI ke sudRr3ha durga ko hastagata kiyA, sayara rAjakumAra naraga ko naSTa kiyA, cAlukya vijayAdisya kA anta kiyA, roM, cIloM aura pANr3ayoM kA damana kiyA, mAnyakheTa meM cakravartI (ka) ke kaTaka kI rakSA kI, ityaadi| vastutaH isa kAla meM gaMganareza hI rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya ke saMrakSaka the| yadhapi nAma ke lie vaha rASTrakUToM ke mahAsAmanta yA adhInastha mAgatika bhUpAla mAtra the| mAsiMha ke uparyukta parAkramapUrNa kAryakalApoM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt ukta abhilekha meM batAyA hai ki isa nRpati ne jainadharma kA anupama udyota kiyA thA jinendradeva ke siddhAnta ko suniyojita kiyA thA, aura aneka sthAnoM meM darzanIya jinamandiroM tathA mAnastambhoM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| paropakAra ke kArya usane anaginata kiye the| isa prakAra isa karmazUra evaM dharmazUra ne apane lagabhaga caudaSTa varSa ke rAjyakAla meM rANyadharma kA saphalatApUrvaka pAlana karate hue aura sAtha hI zaktipUrvakra aneka dharmakArya karate hue AtmasAdhana ke lakSya ko bhI vismRta nahIM kiyaa| phalataH 974 I, meM rAjya kA parityAga karake zeSa jIdhana udAsIna zrAvaka ke rUpa meM bitaayaa| anta meM eka yartha pIsate ma dhItate isa rAjarSi ne tIna divasa kI sallekhanApUrvaka baMkApura meM apane guru ajitamema bhaTTAraka ke caraNoM meM samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| kuDulUra dAnapatra meM likhA hai ki jina-padAmbuja madhukara evaM gurubhakta mahArAja mArasiMha parahita-sAdhana meM Ananda letA thA, paradhana evaM parastrI kA yaha tyAgI thA, samjanoM kI nindA sunane meM badhira thA, muniyoM aura brAhmaNoM ko dAna dene meM tathA zaraNAgatoM ko abhayadAna karane meM sadaiva tatpara rahatA thaa| vaha uccakodi kA vidvAna bhI thA; darzana, tarka, dhyAkaraNa, sAhitya, azvavidyA, gajavidyA Adi meM niSNAta thaa| nAgavarma aura kezirAja-jaise kaviyoM ne usakI pratimA kI muktakaNTha se prazaMsA kI hai| vaha vidvAnoM kA saMrakSaka thA aura guruoM kI sadA vinaya karatA thaa| usake zrutaguru yA vidhAguru maMjArya vAdiSaMgalabha the, jo zrIdharabhaTTa nAmaka brAhmaNa paNDita ke putra the aura svayaM siddhAnta, darzana, nyAya, tAka, thyAkaraNa, sajamarzate Adi vividha viSayoM ke mahApaNDita g6 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura pAhelAe~

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evaM zreSTha kavi the| vaha AcArya dharma se jaina the, adbhuta pratibhAsampanna the aura vallabharAja kRSNa-jaise samrAT tathA usake aneka mANDalikoM evaM sAmantoM dvArA sammAnita hue the| mArasiMha ne unheM bagiyUra nAma kA grAma bheMTa kiyA thaa| antima gaMga rAje-mArasiMha ke rAjya parityAga ke prAyaH sAtha hI sAtha rASTrakUToM kA sUrya astaMgata huA aura svayaM gaMgarAjya meM bhArI avyavasthA utpanna ho gyii| do-tIna varSa kI bIka parAnta 977 6 meM mArasiMha kA choTA bhAI .. (lagabhaga Der3ha sau varSa bAda ke eka zilAlekha meM use mArasiMha kA putra likhA hai) rAcamalla satyavAkya caturtha 'dharmAvatAra' gaMgarAjya kA svAmI huA aura lagabhaga sAta varSa taka zAsana karatA rhaa| isa rAjA ke prathama varSa meM hI pemgUra grAma kI jinabasadi ke lie zravaNabelagola nivAsI vIrasena siddhAntadeva ke praziSya aura guNasenapaNDita mahAraka ke ziSya anantavIrya guru ko peggUra grAma tathA anya bhI kucha bhUmi kA dAna diyA gayA thaa| zrIpuruSa mahArAja ( eka pUrva gaMganareza) dvArA diye gaye purAne dAnapatroM kI bhI puSTi kI gayI thii| isI rAjA ke zAsanakAla meM zravaNabelagola kI gommaTeza pratimA pratiSThApita huii| rAcamalla caturtha ke pazcAt 958 I. meM usakA bhatIjA (govinda yA bAsava kA putra) rakkasagaMga pemmarmanaDi rAjA huaa| usane patanonmukha gaMgarAjya ko bacAye rakhane kA yathAzakti prayatna kiyaa| isa rAjA ke guru dravir3asaMghI hemasena yAdirAja ke ziSya zrIvijayadeva the| kannaDa kAdambarI evaM chandAmbudhi ke racayitA kannaDa bhASA ke suprasiddha jaina kavi nAgavarma isa rAjA ke Azrita the / rakkasagaMga ne rAjadhAnI talakADa meM tathA anyatra kaI jinamandira banavAye the, belUra meM eka sarovara banavAyA thA aura dAnAdika diye the| yaha nissantAna thA, ataeva ulane apanI do bhatIjiyoM aura eka bhAnaje vidyAdhara kA pAlana-poSaNa kiyA thA / rakkasagaMga kI putrI caTTaladevI hummaca ke sAntara vaMza ke zilAlekhoM meM devI kI taraha pUjita huii| san 1004 I. ke lagabhaga coloM ne AkramaNa karake rAjadhAnI talakADa tathA gaMgavAr3I ke bahubhAga para adhikAra kara liyaa| rakkasagaMga usake pazcAt bhI lagabhaga bIsa varSa jIvita rahA, aura sambhavatayA boloM ke adhIna eka choTe se uparAjya yA sAmantavaMza ke rUpa meM gaMga rAje phira bhI calate rahe, kyoMki rakkasagaMga ke uparAnta gaMgarAjA ke rUpa meM nItimArga tRtIya rAcamalla kA nAma milatA hai, jisake guru vajrapANi paNDita the; jaisA ki usake 1040 I. ke zilAlekha se prakaTa hai| usake uparAnta rakkalagaMga dvitIya rAjA huaa| usakI putrI cAlukya samrAT somezvara prathama ( 1076-1126 I.) kI rAnI thii| rakkasagaMga hni ke guru anantavIrya siddhAntadeva the / isa rAjA kA uttarAdhikArI usakA choTA bhAI kaligaMga bhI parama jaina thaa| vaha hoyasaloM kA sAmanta bana gayA thA aura 1116 I. meM usane coloM ko maisUra pradeza se bAhara nikAlakara apane svAmI viSNuvardhana hoyasala ko sAmrAjya nirmANa meM advitIya sahAyatA dI thii| usakA pradhAna sAmanta bhujabalagaMga bhI parama jaina thA / gaMga-kadamba-pallava- cAlukya 97

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kalimaMga ke uparAnta bhI maMgavaMza kisI na kisI rUpa meM prAya: 11vIM zalI taka calatA rhaa| pairivI, kairavi, pAsiNDi, pUrvI yA kaliMgI Adi kaI zAkhAoM meM yaha vaMza pahale hI ba~Ta cukA thA, aura bhI zAkhA-prazAkhAe~ huii| maMgavaza meM utpanna aneka vyakti svayaM gaMgarAgya, usake zArakhA rAjyoM tathA anya bhI cAlukya, cola, hoyasala, vijayanagara Adi dakSiNI rAjyoM ke sAmanta saradAra hote rhe| isa prakAra ikSiNa bhArata kA gaMgavaMza eka sarvAdhika dIrghajIvI rAjavaMza rahA, sAdhika eka sahasra varSa paryanta avichinna banA rhaa| bIca-bIca meM usane sAmrAjya zakti kA rUpa bhI dhAraNa kiyA, cirakAla taka eka mahatvapUrNa evaM balavAn rAjyasattA kA svAmI to vaha banA hI rhaa| usakA kuladharma aura bahudhA rAjyadharma bhI jinazAsana hI rahA, jisake saMrakSaNa aura prabhAvanA ke lie vaMza ke aneka puruSoM, mahilAoM, sAmanta-saradAroM, rAjyakarmacArI aura rAjya kI janatA ne yathAzakti prayala kiyaa| phalasvarUpa usa kAla evaM pradeza meM jaina saMgha sazakta banA rahA, aneka prasiddha AcArya, muni-AryikA Adi tyAgI mahAtmA hue, aneka vidvAnoM aura kaviyoM ne kannaI, tamila, prAkRta, saMskRta Adi bhASAoM meM vividha viSayaka vipula sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyaa| jaina sAdhuoM ne loka-zikSA meM pradhAna yoga diyA, rAjAoM kA yathAvazyaka pathapradarzaka kiyA, janatA ke naitika stara kI unnata banAye rakhA aura aneka lokopakArI kArya kiye| kaI dharpatIrtha vikasita hue aura gaMganarezoM dvArA tathA unake prazraya meM nirmApita bhavya jinAlayoM ke rUpa meM mUrta evaM zilpa-sthApatya kI aneka darzanIya evaM manoza kalAkRtiyoM udaya meM aayii| vIramArtaNDa cAmuNDarAya-mArI vipatiyoM evaM nAnAvidha avyavasthAoM se bharA huA gaMga-itihAsa kA sandhyAkAla gaMganareza jagadekavIra-dharmAvatAra-rAghapalla-satyavAkya nAturtha ke advitIya mantrI evaM mahAsenApati cAmuNDarAya (cAvuNDarAya) ke kAraNa amara ho gyaa| DaoN. sAlAsora ke zabdoM meM unase bar3A vIra yoddhA, unase bar3A parama jinendra makta aura una jaisA satyaniSTha sajjana karNATaka deza meM dUsarA nahIM huaa| brahmakSatriya kula meM utpanna isa mahAn rAjanItijJa, sudakSa sainyasaMcAlaMka, paramasvAmibhakta, sammaSTha, saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASAoM ke mahAna vidvAna, kavi evaM granthakAra, siddhAntana evaM kalAmarmajJa, vidvAnoM aura kalAkAroM ke prazrayadAtA, adabhuta nirmANakatA aura jainadharma ke prabhAvakoM meM agrima, mahAdaNDanAyaka jaise atyanta virala puruSaratna kA lAbha gaMganarezoM ko usa samaya prApta huA jabaki svayaM unakA bhAgyasUrya astAcalagAmI thaa| aisI viSama viruddha paristhitiyoM meM bhI isa drutavega se patanazIla deza kI abhibhAvakatA evaM rakSA, sAtha hI usake adhipati patanonmukha rASTrakUTa samrAToM kA bhI saMrakSaNa muNDasaya ne yathAzakti prAyaH saphalatApUrvaka kiyaa| cAhatA to yaha svayaM gaMgarAjya kA adhipati ho sakatA thaa| vaha rAdhamalla hI nahIM, usake pUrvaja mArasiMha aura uttarAdhikArI eskasagaMga kA bhI samabhAtrI erca senApati rahA | mArasiMha 98 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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. se marate samaya apane svAmI evaM bhAnaje rASTrakUTa indra caturtha kI rakSA kA bhAra use hI sauMpA thaa| apanI zUravIratA, sAhasa aura parAkrama ke lie usane bar3I khyAti arjita kI thii| rAjAditya ko ghAyala karane meM usane Azcaryajanaka hastakauzala dikhAyA thA, rAca nAmaka mahAbalI zatru sAmanta ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara DAle the, govindarAja ko karArI hAra dI thI, jaba cAmuNDarAya yuddha ke lie nikalatA to zatru loga bhayabhIta kharahoM kI bhAMti zaraNa kI khoja meM dubakate phirate the| dIpAvalI ke dundubhinAda-jaisA usake yuddha ke doloM kA sva zatrudala meM bhaya aura nAsa utpanna kara detA thaa| roDaga ke yuddha meM vajvaladeva ko parAjita karane para use 'saparadhurandhara' upAdhi milii| gonUra ke yuddha meM molamboM ko parAjita karane para 'vIramArtaNDa', ucvaMgI ke durga meM rAjAditya ko chakAne para 'raNaraMgasiMha yAgeyUra ke darga meM tribhuvanavIra ko.... mArane aura movindAra ko usa kile meM praviSTa karAne ke lie "vairikulakAladaN', tathA anya vividha yuddha vijayoM ke upalakSya meM bhujavikrama', 'bhaSTamAri, "pratipakSasakSasa', nolambakulAntaka', 'samarakesarI', 'subhaTacUDAmaNi', "samara-parazurAma', Adi viruda anheM prApta hue the| usake anya nAma gommaTa, gommaTarAya, rAya aura aNNa the| apane dhArmika evaM naitika caritra aura kAryakalApoM ke lie use 'samyaktyaratnAkara', zIcAbharaNa', 'satya-pudhiSTira', 'guNaratnabhUSaNa', 'devarAja', 'guNakAva' Adi sArthaka upAdhiyA~ prApta thiiN| vaha jinendra bhagavAna kA, svaguru ajitasemAcArya kA aura apanI snehamayI jananI kA parama bhakta thaa| 'cAmuNDarAya purANa' aura 'cAritrasAra' jaise mahatvapUrNa evaM vizAla granthoM kA praNetA bhI yaha thaa| inameM se prathama kannar3a bhASA meM hai aura isasaM saMskRta meN| gomaTTasAra kI vIramArtaNDI TIkA (kannaDa) bhI sAmuNDarAya racita mAnI jAtI hai| kannaDa ke mahAkavi ramna kA vaha Adha prazrayadAtA thA, jise rAya meM zreSTha kavi ke sAtha hI sAtha acchA yoddhA aura senAnI bhI banA diyaa| cAmuNisaya kI preraNA se AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne apane suprasiddha gommaTasAra, trilokasAra Adi siddhAnta granthoM kI racanA kI thii| vaha bhI AcArya ajitasena ke hI ziSya the| cAmuNDarAya ne aneka jinamandiroM, mUrtiyoM Adi kA nirmANa, jIrNoddhAra aura pratiSThA karAyI thii| prayaNabelagola kI candrAgiri para svA-nirmApita cAmuNDarAya-vasati meM indranIlamaNi kI manojJa neminAtha (gommaTa-jima) kI pratimA pratiSThita kI thii| yaha mandira ukta sthAna ke jinAlayoM meM sarvAdhika sundara samajhA jAtA hai| vindhyagiAre para usane tyAgada-brAhmadeva nAma kA sundara mAnastambha bhI banavAyA thaa| candragiri ke nIce eka zilA yAmuNDarAyazilA kahalAtI hai, jahA~ khar3e hokara rAya ne sAmane kI vindhyagiri para mantrapUta zara-sandhAna kiyA thA, jisake phalasvarUpa gommaTeza bAhabali kI vizAla pratimA prakaTa huI thI, aisI anuzruti hai| vastusa: apanI jananI kAlaladevI kI icchA pUrI karane ke lie cAmuNDarAya ne 978 I. meM gommaTezvara kukkuTajina-bAhubali kI vaha vizva-vizruta gaMga-kadamba-palanava-cAlukya :: 99

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di phoTa bhane miti aSTra niSThita karAyI thI, jo rUpazilpa aura mUrtivijJAna kI advitIya kalAkRti hai aura apanI maulikatA, manojJa chavi, susmita cItarAga, dhyAnastha mudrA, sAdagI aura vizAlatA meM apratima hai, tathA vizva ke AzcaryoM meM parimANita hai| isa ala-kSatra-zikhAmaNi cAmuNDarAya kI bhAryA ajitAdevI bhI patiparAyaNA evaM dharmaparAyaNA mahilArana thI aura apane pati ke dharmakAryoM meM sotsAha preraka thii| inakA suputra jinadevana bhI dharmAtmA thA aura ajitasena bhaTTAraka kA hI ziSya thaa| usane bhI zravaNabelagola meM eka bhavya pArzva-jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| aisA lagatA hai ki rAcamalla caturtha ke uttarAdhikArI rakkasamaMga ke rAjyArambha ke pA~ca-sAta varSa ke bhItara hI, lagabhaga 990 I. meM, isa mahAna karmavIra evaM dharmavIra rAjA cAmuNDarAya kA svargavAsa ho gayA thaa| cAmuNDarAya kI choTI bahana dharmAtmA pullavye ne vijayamaMgalam sthAna kI candranAtha basadi meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA aura usakI puNyasmRti meM ukta sthAna para eka viSayakA (niSidhi) nirmANa karAyI gayI thii| vIrAMganA sAviyadhve-yaha vIra mahilAratna prasiddha evaM parAkramI vIra dAyika tathA usakI dharmapatnI jAbacce kI putrI thI, aura dhora ke putra lokavidyAdhara aparanAma udayavidyAdhara kI bhAryA thii| sambhava hai ki rakkasagaMga kA bhAnajA evaM poSyaputra vidyAdhara hI yaha lokavidyAdhara ho| yaha bIrabAlA apane pati ke sAtha yuddha meM gayI thii| aura raNabhUmi meM yuddha karate hue hI usane vIragati pAyI thii| zravaNabelagola kI bAhubali basati ke pUrva kI ora eka pASANa para isa yuddhapriya mahilA kI vIragati lekhAMkita hai| lekha ke Upara eka prastarAMkita dRzya hai jisameM yaha tIra mArI chor3e para savAra hai aura hAtha meM talavAra uThAye hue apane sammukha eka gajArUr3ha yoddhA para prahAra karatI citrita hai| hAthI para car3hA huA puruSa bhI isa vIrabAlA para javAbI prahAra kara rahA hai| ghaTanAsthala kA nAma bageyUra likhA hai, jo sambhavatayA vahI durga hai jisapara AkramaNa karake senApati cAmuNDasava meM tribhuvanavIra ko yuddha meM mArakara aura govindara ko durga meM praviSTa karAke vairikulakAladaNmu' kA viruda prApta kiyA thaa| lokavidyAdhara aura usakI vIra patnI sAviyaJce bhI usa yuddha meM cAmuNDarAya kI ora se sammilita hue lagate haiN| lekha meM isa mahilA-ratna ko revatIrAnI-jaisI pakkI zrAvikA, sItA-jaisI pativratA, devakI jaisI rUpavatI, arundhatI-jaisI dharmapriyA aura zAsana-devatA-jaitI jinendrabhakta batAyA hai| pegaDe hAsama-skasagaMga permanati kA mantrI thaa| belUru ke 1022 I. ke zilAlekha meM use zaraNAgata-vajra-paMjara, ripu-kaMja-kuMjara, tantra-rakSAmaNi, mantrI-cintAmaNi, rAjyabhAra-dhurandhara ityAdi kahA hai| usane apane svAmI ke dIrgha-jIvana kI kAmanA ke lie, jisa sthAna meM baha usa samaya nivAsa kara rahA thA, eka navIna jinAlaya banavAyA thA, balorakaTTa ke sarovara kI sIr3hiyA~ banavAyI thIM, eka bA~dha kA nirmANa 100 :: pramukha aitihAsika jana puruSa aura mahilAe~

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karAyA thA aura siMcAI ke lie praNAlI (nahara) banavAyI thI, tathA ukta dharmakAryoM ke lie bhUmidAna : zrI. dipA thaa| kadambavaMza isa vaMza kI sthApanA kadamba nAmaka vRkSa-vizeSa ke nAma para dUsarI zatI I. ke madhya ke lagabhaSa, sAtavAhanoM ke eka sAmanta pukkaNa aparanAma trinetra ne kI batAyI jAtI hai| vanavAsa deza para inakA adhikAra thA aura prArambha meM karahATaka (karahada) inakI rAjadhAnI thI-kAlAntara meM vaijayantI huii| mUlataH ye apane Apako brAhmaNa-vaMzaja kahate the aura sambhavatayA brAhmaNa-kSatriya-nAga raktamizraNa se utpanna the| inakA kuladharma bhI mukhyatayA brAhmaNa thA, kintu vaMza meM aneka rAje parama jaina hue| dUsarA rAjA hI, zivakoTi apane bhAI zivAyana ke sAtha svAmI samantabhadra dvArA jainadharma meM dIkSita kara liyA gayA thaa| zivakoTi kA putra zrIkaNTha thA aura pautra zivaskandavarmana, jisake uttarAdhikArI mayuravarmana (tIsarI zatI kA uttarAdha) ke samaya meM hI kadamba rAjya zaktisampanna evaM supratiSThita ho skaa| usI ne vaijayantI (vanavAsI) ko rAjadhAnI aura halsI (palAzikA) ko uparAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| usakA putra bhagIratha aura pautra raghu evaM kAkutsthavarmana the| kAkutsyavarmana kadamba-bhAI raghu kI yuvAvasthA meM hI mRtyu ho jAne ke uparAnta usakA uttarAdhikArI huaa| yaha alpavaya meM hI rAjA ho gayA lagatA hai| vaha bar3A nIsinipuNa, suyogyazAsaka, dIrghajIvI mahAn nareza thaa| usakI eka putrI gaMganareza tadaMgala mAdhaya ke sAtha yivAhI thI aura avinIta koguNI kI jananI thI, dUsarI putrI thakATaka nareza ke.sAtha vivAhI thI aura tIsarI guptasamrATa candragupta vikramAditya ke yuvarAja kumAragupta ke saath| ina vivAha sambandhoM dvArA usane tatkAlIna bhArata ke prasiddha rAjavaMzoM ke sAtha maitrI sthApita karake apanI aura apane vaMza kI pratiSThA bar3hA lI thii| usake lagabhaga 400 I. ke halsI tAmrazAsana se vidita hotA hai ki yaha nareza jainadharma kA bhArI poSaka thA, bhale hI vaha usakA udghoSita anuyAyI na bhI ho / ukta abhilekha ke anusAra kAkutsthavarmana ne rAjadhAnI palAzikA ke arhatAyatana ke lie zrutakIrti ko kheTagrAma dAna kiyA thaa| lekha ke prArambha meM bhagavAn jinendra kI jaya manAyI hai, anta meM RSabhadeva ko namaskAra kiyA hai, aura dAna kA uddezya 'AtmanastAraNArtha' (AtmakalyANa) batAyA hai| isa lekha meM ukta zrutakIrti kA vizeSaNa 'senApati' diyA hai, kintu eka paravartI kadamba abhilekha meM kAkutsthavarmana se samAdRta zrutakIrti bhojaka ko eka vidvAn jaina paNDita (zrutanidhi), paramazreSTha, puNyAtmA, dAnI aura dayAvAn sUcita kiyA hai| kAkutsthavarmana kA putra evaM ittarAdhikArI zAntivarmana bhI pratApI nareza thA aura jaisA ki usake vaMzaja parivartana ke dAnapatra se prakaTa hai, yaha rAjA bhI jainadharma aura jainamuruoM kA samAdara karatA thaa| maMga-kadamba-pallabalyAluzya :: 101

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mRgezavarmana kadamba (450-478 I.)--zAsivana ko putra evaM uttarAdhikArI thaa| usane apane rAjya ke tIsare gharSa meM bhagavAn jinendra ke abhiSeka, upalepana, pUjana, mandira ke bhagnasaMskAra (marammata Adi) aura dharma kI prabhAvanA Adi kAryoM ke lie dAnakIrti bhojaka ko bhUmidAna diyA thA-eka nivartana bhUmi to kevala puSyoM ke lie hI nirdiSTa kI gayI thii| eka abhya lekha ke anusAra kadambavaMzI dharma mahArAja 'zrIvijayazivamRmezavarmana' ne apane rAjya ke cauthe varSa meM kAlathaMga samaka grAma tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake eka bhAga to arhatazAlA meM virAjamAna bhagavAn jinendradeva ke nimitta, dUsarA bhAga zvetapaSTa-mahAzramaNasaMgha ke upabhoga ke lie aura tIsarA bhAga nindha-mahAzramasaMgha ke upabhoga ke lie dAna kiyA thaa| dAna kA lekhaka narapara senApati thaa| rAmA ke nAma aura lekha kI zailI Adi meM jo andara lakSita hai unapara se kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki zAyada yaha rAjA pUrvokta mRgezavarmana se bhinna aura usakA paryApta utsaravatI koI anya kadamba nareza hai| jo ho, isa dAna kA dAtA parama jaina thA, isameM sandeha nahIM hai| svayaM ke kathanAnusAra yaha ubhayaloka kI dRSTi se priya evaM hitakara aneka zAstroM ke artha tathA tasvavijJAna ke vivecana meM bar3A udAramati thaa| gajArohaNa, azvArohaNa Adi vyAyAmoM meM vaha sudakSa thaa| naya-vinaya meM kuzala thA, udAttabuddhi-dhairya-vIrya-tyAga-sampanna thA, apane bhujabala evaM parAkrama dvArA saMgrAma meM vijaya prApta karake usane vipula aizvarya prApta kiyA thaa| praSTa prajApAlaka thA, deva, dvija, guru aura sAdhujanoM ko dAnAdi se nitya santuSTa karatA thA, vidvAnoM, svajanoM aura sAmAnyajanoM kA samAna rUpa se prazrayadAtA thA, aura AdikAlIna bharatacakrI prabhRti rAjAoM kI pravRtti ke anusAra dharma-mahArAja thaa| apane rAjya ke AThaveM varSa meM zAntivarma ke jyeSTha putra mRgeza-nRpa meM apane svargastha pisA kI bhakti ke lie (usakI smRti meM) rAjadhAnI palAzikA meM eka jinAlaya nirmANa karAyA thA, jisakA pravandha usane vaijayantI nivAsI dAmakIrti bhojaka ko sauMpa diyA thA aura etadartha dAna diyA thaa| isI avasara para isa nareza ne yApanIya, nirgandha aura kUrvaka sampradAyoM ke jaina sAdhuoM ko bhI bhUmi-dAna diyA thaa| ina abhilekhoM se prakAra hai ki ekAkI jaina sAdhuoM kA hI nahIM, varan unake ciminna susaMgaThita saMghoM aura sampradAyoM kA bhI usa kAla meM kadamba rAjya meM nivAsa thaa| dAna prApta karane vAloM meM pramukha samadhAnI daijayantI kA nikAsI dAmakIrti bhojaka hai jo zrutakIrti bhojaka kA uttarAdhikArI hai| Age bhI yaha paramparA calI hai| aisA lagatA hai ki zrutakIrti aura unake vaMzaja dAmakIrti, zrIkIrti, bandhuSeNa Adi bhojaka nAmadhArI jaina paNDita gRhasthAcArya sarIkhe the| ve pradhAna jinamandiroM ke prabandhaka aura pujArI tathA kadamba narezoM ke rAjaguru the, kama se kama unake Azraya dAtA sajAoM meM se jaina the| mRgezavarmana yuddhavIra aura parAkramI bhI thaa| yadyapi usake cacA kRSNavarmana ne vidroha karake eka zAkhA-rAjya (triparvata) sthApita kara liyA thA, 102 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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jisapara kRpA ke bAda, usake putra biSaguvarmana kA adhikAra huA, kintu mRgezavamana kI zakti, pratApa aura pratiSThA meM vizeSa antara nahIM aayaa| mRgezavarmana ke pazcAt usakI priyapatnI kaikaya-rAjakanyA prabhAvatI se utpanna putra ravivarmana rAjA huaa| ravivarmana kadamba (478-520 I.)-choTI Ayu meM hI gaddI para baiThA thA, ataeva prArambha meM Ane vAlA mAnadhAtAni ke saMrakSaNa meM tathA ladanantara vayaska hone para usane svatantra rAjya kiyaa| triparvata zAkhA ke kadamthoM ko usane saphalatApUrvaka dabAye rakhA aura antataH ukta zAkhA ke adhInastha pradeza para adhikAra karake rAjyavistAra pUrvavat banA liyaa| gaMgoM ko usane mitra banAye rakhA aura pallavoM ko parAjita karake apanI pratiSThA bddh'aayii| isa prakAra ravivarmana kadamba vaMza kA eka suyogya evaM pratApI nareza thA, aura sAtha hI jainadharma kA bhI parama bhakta thA, zAyada kadamboM meM usase adhika utsAhI jaina anya koI nahIM huaa| usane apane halsI dAnapatra dvArA apane pUrvajoM, kAkutsthavarmana, zAntivarmana aura mRgezavarmana dvArA diye gaye jaina dAnoM kI puSTi evaM punarAvRtti kI, aura apane mAtA-pitA ke puNya ke lie prativarSa kAtikI-aSTAlikA kA parva samArohapUrvaka manAyA jAne ke lie purukheTaka nAma kA gA~va dAmakIrti ke putra AcArya bandhuSeNa ko dAna kiyA thA, aura yAyanIva-saMgha ke mahAna zAstrajJa evaM lapasvI kumAradattasUri kA sammAna kiyA thaa| usane aisI vyavasthA bhI kI thI ki rAjadhAnI palAzikA ke rAjajinAlaya meM jinendra kI pUjA nirantara hotI rhe| hasI ke hI eka anya dAnapatra ke anusAra rAjA ne svaguru dharmamUrti dAmakIrti bhoz2aka kI mAtA ke caraNoM ke prasAda se (unakI preraNA se) dAmakIrti ke choTe bhAI zrIkIrti ko bhagavAn jinendra kI pUjA-prabhAvanA ke lie cAra nivartana bhUmi kA nAma diyA thaa| isa lekha meM ravivarmana ke yuddha-parAkramoM evaM usake dvArA kAMcInareza caNDadaNDa ko parAjita kiye jAne kA bhI ullekha hai| isa nRpati ne aisI bhI vyavasthA kI thI ki kArtikI pUrNimA ko vArSika nandIzvara mahotsava panAyA jAe, dharmabuddhi prajAjana aura nAgarika bhagavAn jinendradeva kI pUjana nitya nirantara karate raheM aura cAturmAsya meM sAdhujanoM ke AhAradAna Adika meM koI bAdhA na Ae / lekha meM use kadambakula-gamana-bhAskara kahA hai, jo ucita hI hai| usI ke AsanakAla ke gyAraha varSa meM usake choTe bhAI bhAnudharmA ne jo palAzikA kA sthAnIya zAsaka dhA, rAja-jinAlaya meM tathA anyatra pratyeka pUrNimA ke dina bhagavAn jinendra kI abhiSekapUrvaka viziSTa pUjA kiye jAne ke lie parama arhadbhakta para bhojaka kI preraNA se, sambhavatayA usI ko, 15 nivartana bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa| harivarmana kadamba (520-540 I.)---ravivarmana kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI, kadambayaMza kA antima mahAnu nareza aura apane pUrvajoM kI hI bhAMti jainadharma kA bhakta thA / apane rAjya ke cauthe varSa meM likhAye gaye dAnapatra ke anusAra isa nareza ne apane cAcA zivaratha ko preraNA se palAzikA nagarI meM bhAradvAja-gotrIya siMha senApati ke gaMga-kadamba pallava-cAlukya :: 108

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putra mRgeza dvArA nirmApita jinAlaya meM prativarSa aSTAhikA mahotsava aura mahAmaha pUjA evaM jinAbhiSeka kiye jAne, tathA usase badhe dravya se samasta saMgha ko bhojana karAne ke lie kundura viSaya kA vasuntavATaka grAma kUrcaka sampradAya ke vAriSeNyAsArya-saMga ko, candrakSAnta nAmaka muni ko pramukha banAkara, pradAna kiyA thA rAjA usa samaya uccabhaigo durga meM thaa| isa tAmrazAsana meM rAjA ke lie jo vizeSaNa diye haiM, unase vaha vidvAna, buddhimAn, zAstrajJa aura parAkramI vIra rahA pratIta hotA hai| rAjya ke pA~ca varSa meM isa sarva prajA-hRdaya-kumuda candramA mahArAja harivamA ne apane sAmanta, sendrakakulatilaka rAjan bhAnuzakti kI preraNA se ahirirISTa nAma ke zravaNa-saMgha ke usa caityAlaya kI pUjA saMskAra ke lie, jisake adhiSThAtA Azcarya dharmanandI dhe, tathA sAdhujanoM ke upayoga ke lie marada nAmaka grAma kA dAna diyA thaa| harivarmana kI mRtyu ke kucha hI varSoM ke pazcAt hI kadamboM kI rAjyasatA samApta ho gyii| yuvarAja devavarmana-triparvata zAkhA ke kRSNavarmana kA priya putra thaa| usane eka dAmapatra dvArA apane puNya phala kI AkAMkSA se 'tIna loka ke prANiyoM ke hita ke lie upadeza dekara dharmapravartana karanevAle arhanta bhagavAn ke caitvAlaya ke mAna-saMskAra (rakha-rakhAva, marammata Adi) tathA bhagavAna kI pUjA-acI aura prabhAvanA ke hetu siddhakedAra ke rAjamAnya yApanIya-saMgha ko triparvata-kSetra kI kucha bhUmi pradAna kI thii| abhilekha meM ukta devamana kI kada-kula ketu, rAya, lApAra, vyA tyApana se pavitra huA, puNya guNoM kA icchuka kahA hai| devavarmana sambhavatayA uparyukta harivarmana kA samakAlIna yA usase kucha pahale huA lagatA hai| isa prakAra apane samaya meM kadamba rAjya eka suzAsita, suvyavasthita, zAnti aura samRddhi pUrNa rAjya thaa| Rdamba narezoM kI svarNamudrAe~ ati zreSTha mAnI jAtI haiN| unake samaya meM vividha jaina sAdhu-saMgha aura saMsthAe~ sajIva evaM pragatizIla thiiN| ve rAjA tathA prajA kI laukika unnati evaM maitikatA meM sAdhaka aura sahAyaka thiiN| jainadharma kA acchA udyota thaa| usake vibhinna sampradAva-upasampradAya paraspara sauhArdapUrvaka rahate hue sva-para kalyANa karate the| pallava vaMza ikSiNa bhArata ke ghara pUrvI taTa para samilanAi meM dUsarI zatI I. ke uttarArdha meM pallava vaMza kI sthApanA huii| kA~cI (dakSiNa kAzI yA kAMjIvarama) usakI rAjadhAnI thii| taba yaha pradeza toNDeya-maNDalam kahalAtA thaa| pallava vaMza kA saMsthApaka usa kIlikavarmana ghola kA hI eka putra thA, jisake eka anya putra zAntikarma jainAcArya samantabhadra ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| samantabhadra apanA paricaya 'kAJcyAM nagnATako'ham' (maiM kAMcI kA digambara santa hU~) rUpa meM hI sarvatra dete the| ataeva prArambhika parAlaya rAjAoM para tathA unakI prajA ke paryApta bhAga para svAmI samantabhadra aura unake dharma 104 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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kA prabhAva rahA pratIta hotA hai| unameM se zivaskannadravarmana AgamoM ke TIkAkAra jainAcArya bappadeva kA bhakta rahA, pratIta hotA hai| pallavoM kA rAjya cihna vRSabha thA, ata: ve vRSadhvaja bhI kahalAye / sambhana hai ki prArambha meM umameM vRSabhalAMchana RSabhadeva (AditIrthakara) kI pUjA-upAsanA vizeSa rahI ho| isa vaMza kA eka prasiddha nareza siMhayamana dvitIya thA, jisake rAjya ke 22veM varSa meM zaka 380 (sana 458 I. meM pANarASTra ke pATalika nAma ke jinAlaya meM barAcArya sarvanandi ne apanA prAkRta bhASA kA 'loka-vibhAga' grantha racakara pUrNa kiyA thaa| samaya ke sAtha pallava vaMza kI zAkhA, upazAkhAe~ hotI rahIM 1 tIsarI zAkhA meM utpanna siMhaviSNu kA uttarAdhikArI mahendravarmana prathama {600-630 I.) prasiddha pratApI evaM parAkramI nareza thA / vaha jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| kaI jinamandira tathA sittanavAsala ke prasiddha jainaguhAmandira usI ne banavAye the, jinameM zreSTha bhitticitra bhI prApta hue haiN| ina caityAlayoM kA nirmANa karAne ke kAraNa use 'caityakandapa upAdhi prApta huI thii| utta pradeza meM kRtrima guhAmandira banavAnevAlA sambhavatayA vahIM sarvaprathama nareza dhaa| zaiya-santa appara ke, jo svayaM pahale jainadharmAnuyAya hI thA, prabhAva meM Akara yaha rAjA zaiva ho gayA thA, aura taba usane jainoM para ayAcAra kiye, unake sthAna meM zaivanayanAroM ko prazraya aura protsAhama diyA, zavamandira inavAye aura kaI jinamandiroM ko bhI zaivamandiroM meM parivartita kiyaa| tadanantara isa rthaza ke adhikAMza rAje zaiva hI hAe, jinameM se kucha jainadharma ke kaTTara virodhI, to kucha apekSAkRta sahiSNa rhe| jainadharma aura usake anuyAyI alpAdhika saMkhyA meM usa rAjya meM barAbara bane rhe| dasavIM zatI meM pallava-rAjya kA anta ho gyaa| pallavoM kI hI eka zAkhA naulambavAr3I ke nolamboM kI thI, aura unameM jainadharma kI pravRtti prAyaH nirantara banI rhii| antima pallavanarezI meM nandivarmana tRtIya (844-60 I.) kA putra evaM usarAdhikArI, jisakI jananI zaMkhAdevI rASTrakuTa samrATa amoghavarSa prathama kI putrI thI, apane nAnA kI hI bhA~ti jainadharma kA samarthaka thaa| usane pANDya-nareza zrImArana ko parAjita karake usakI rAjadhAnI maduga ko bhI lUTA thaa| vAtApI ke pazcimI cAlukya pA~cIM zatI I. ke madhya ke lagabhaga dakSiNa bhArata ke mahArASTra pradeza meM isa rAjyazakti kA udaya huA / chaThI meM usane pala pakar3A aura sAtavIM meM to dakSiNApatha ke hI nahIM, varan sampUrNa bhAratavarSa ke usa kAla ke sarvAdhika zaktizAlI evaM samRddha sAmrAjya meM baha pariNata ho gyii| vaMza kA mUlapuruSa ayodhyA kA koI somavaMzI kSatriyakumAra batAyA jAtA hai, jo apane bhAgya kI parIkSA ke lie dakSiNa meM AdhA thaa| isa ghaMza meM sarvaprathama nAma vijayAditya milalA hai jo usI vyakti azyA usake putra kA thaa| usane pallavarAjya ke eka choTe-se bhAga para adhikAra karake apanI gaMga kadamba-pallava-cAlukya :: 105

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zakti bar3hAnI zurU kI, kintu pallavoM ke sAtha yuddha meM mArA gyaa| usakI mRtyu ke pazcAt utpanna usakA putra jayasiMha janma ke samaya anAtha aura rAjyavihIna thA, kintu vayaska hote hI usane aisA sAhasa, zaurya aura parAkrama dikhAyA ki maMga duvinIta ne use apanI chanacchAyA meM le liyA, usake sAtha apanI putrI kA vivAha kara diyA aura pallavoM ke viruddha yuddhoM meM usako sahAyatA kii| antataH, vAtApI (badAmI) ko rAjadhAnI banAkara cAlukya rAjya ko sudRda nauMva jamAne meM jayasiMha saphala huA aura viSNuvardhana, rAjasiMha, raNaparAkramAMka-jaise visda use prApta hue| badAmI ke atirikta allema (alaktakanagara) aura aihola (aivilla yA Aryapura) usake rAjya ke prasiddha nagara the, aura ina tInoM hI sthAnoM meM jainoM kI acchI bastI aura sthiti thI jaryAsaha kI mRtyu caNDadaNDa pallaya ke sAtha hue yuddha meM huii| taba durminIla gaMga ne usake yuvAputra raparAga ereyva satyAzraya ko prazraya diyaa| isakI ora se aNDadaNDa pallava ko bhISaNa yuddha meM mAra DAlA aura raNasaga ko usake pitA ke siMhAsana para punaH pratiSThita kiyaa| usa kAla meM bhujagendrAncya (nAgajAti) ke sendravaMza meM 'tatkula agana-candramA' tathA aneka yuddhoM meM vijaya prApta karanevAlA vijayazakti nAma kA rAjA thaa| usakA putra. zaurya-aurya-sattva-gaNasampanna, sAmantavandamauli sajA... kundazakti thA, jisakA priya putra advitIya-puruSAkAra-sampanna, anekaraNavijayavIrapatAkAgrahaNoddhatakorti tathA dharma artha-kAma-pradhAna rAjan durgazakti thaa| isa durgazakti ne puligere (lakSmezvara) nAmaka nagara meM zaMkha-jinendra caitya kA nirmANa karAke usakI pUjAdi tathA apanI puNyAbhivRddhi ke hetu ukta rAjA satyAzraya ke zAsanakAla meM pacAsa nivartana bhUmi kA dAna diyA thA / yaha jaina rAjA durgazakti ukta cAlukya nareza raNarAga satyAzrama ke pramukha sAmantoM meM se thaa| raNarAga kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI cAlukya nareza pulakezI prathama satyAzraya bar3A vIra, pratApI aura yogya zAsaka thaa| usake rAjya meM jainadharma kA prabhUta pracAra thaa| vahA~ jainaguruoM kA abAdha bihAra hotA thA aura rAjA ke aneka sAmanta, saradAra aura rAjakarmacArI jaina the| usa kAla meM rudranIla-saindrakavaMza kA goNDa nAma kA maNDalIka rAjA thaa| usakA putra aba-naya-vinaya-sampanna evaM samararasarasika sivAra nAma kA rAjA thA 1 sivAra kA putra apane parAkrama meM riyoM ko usta karanevAlA, rAma ke bhRtya hanumAn-jaisA apane svAmI (pulakezI) kA anucara, dhArmika sAmiyAra thA jo kuhuNDI-viSaya kA zAsaka thaa| ukta dharmAtmA sAmanta rAjA sAmiyAra ne aktakanagara meM tribhuvanatilaka nAma kA jinAlaya bhaktipUrvaka nirmANa karAyA thA, jo devarAja indra ke prAsAda-jaisA bhavya, manohara, uttuMga evaM zreSTa thaa| yaha jinAlaya usane ghAlukamanareza kI anumati se sambhavatayA usake rAjya ke veM varSa (542 I.) meM nimapita karAyA thA, aura usake lie vaizAkhI pUrNimA ko. jisa dina candragrahaNa thA, svayaM mahArAja satyAzraya (elakezI pra.) ne kanakopala-vRzamUla-gaNa AmnAya ke siddhanandi munIzvara IDb :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAmA

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5M ke pAMca sau ziSyoM meM agraNI nAgadeva citakAcArya ke suziSya, samastazAstrasambodhidhI AcArya jinanandi ko cAra grAma tathA anya bahuta-sI bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa| rAjadhAnI vAtApI meM bhI usa kAla meM eka jinAlaya banA pratIta hotA hai| pulakezI pra. kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI kIrtivarmana prathama thaa| usane bhI apane parAkrama se rAjya ke vistAra meM vRddhi kI thii| usake rAjyakAla (sambhavatayA 567 I.) meM doNa, ela Adi kaI grAmapramukhoM ne eka jinAlaya banavAyA thA, jisake lie sindarasa ke putra pANDIpura-nareza mAdhattiyarasa kI anumati se paralUragAma ke AcArya vinayanandI ke praziSya aura vAsudeva guru ke ziSya prabhAcandra muni ko dAna diyA thaa| dAna bhagavAna kI pUjA ke lie akSata (akhaNDita cAvala), gandha (dhUpa), puSpa Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie thA aura karmagalUra kI pazcima dizA meM sthita dhAna ke khetoM ke rAjakIya mApa se ATha mattala cAvaloM kA thaa| prAyaH isI kAla meM jaina paNDita ravikIrti ne aihola ke nikaTa megutI meM eka sundara jinamandira banavAyA thA aura vahA~ eka vidyApITha kI sthApanA kati pii| svayaM hola meM eka mahara rADApandiyA jisameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI. sahastraphaNI pratimA sthApita thii| kIrtivarmana ke pazcAta usakA choTA bhAI maMgalIza rAjA rahA aura tadanantara kIrtivarmana kA putra pulakezI dvitIya / cAlukya samrAT pulakezina dvitIya satyAzraya pRthvIvallabha (608-647 I.) vaMza kA sarvamahAn nareza thaa| prAyaH pUre dakSiNa bhArata para usakA adhikAra thA aura kannauja ke samrATa harSavarddhana kA yaha sabase prabala pratidvandvI thaa| harSa ko parAjita karake hI usane paramezvara' upAdhi dhAraNa kI thii| IrAna ke zAha khusaro ke sAtha usake rAjanItika AdAna-pradAna hue the. vaDa sarvadharma-samadarzI thA aura jaina nahIM thA, tathApi jaina dharma kA prabala poSaka vA..san 634 I. meM apanI digvijaya ke uparAnta jaba nareza ne rAjadhAnI vAtApI meM praveza kiyA to usake vizAla sAmrAjya kI sImA revA nadI ko sparza karatI thI. dakSiNa meM samudra se samadra paryanta usakA vistAra thaa| samudra meM sthita aneka dIpoM kA bhI. vaha svAmI thaa| pazcima meM gujarAta aura pUrva meM Andha pradeza ko usane apane sAmrAjya meM milA liyA thaa| usa avasara para rAjadhAnI meM praveza karane ke uparAnta samrA kA sarvaprathama kArya apane guru jaina paNDita ravikIrti ko unake dvArA aihola kI megutI pahAr3I para nirmApita jinamandira evaM adhiSThAna ke lie udAra dAna dekara sammAnita karanA thaa| isa samaya sambhavatayA vahA~ kisI navIna jinAlaya kA bhI nirmANa evaM pratiSThA huI thii| ravikIrti bhArI vidvAn evaM mahAkavi the| unakI kAvya-pratibhA kI tulanA kAlidAsa aura bhAravi ke sAtha kI jAtI thI ? isa dAna ke upalakSya meM svayaM ravikIrti ne samrAT pulakezI kI vaha vistRta, bhAva evaM kalApUrNa saMskRta prazasti racI thI jo ukta mandira kI dIvAra para utkIrNa hai aura usa nareza ke caritra evaM kAryakalApoM ke lie sarvaprathama aitihA AdhAra hai| isI varSa adUra (dhAravAr3a) meM nagaraseTha dvArA nimApita jainandira ko bhI samrATa ne dAna diyA maMga-kadamca-panava-dhAtukra :: 03

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? thaa| isI kAla meM ajantA aura badAmI kI bauddha evaM jainaguphAoM ke saMsAra-prasiddha bhitti-citroM kA nirmANa huA thaa| cInI yAtrI henasAMga ke A~khoM dekheM vicaraNa se bhI pulakezI kI zakti, mahattA, rAjyavaibhava, prajA kI sukha-samRddhi tathA vidyA evaM kalA kI sAdhanA Adi para acchA prakAza par3atA hai aura yaha bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki cAlukya sAmrAjya meM bauddhoM kI apekSA anna ke mandirI, sAthI rahasya anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA kahIM adhika thiiN| palakezI ke antima varSoM meM narasiMhavarmana pallava ke sAtha usake bhISaNa yuddha hue| antataH eka yuddha meM hI palakezI svayaM vIragati ko prApta huaa| apane choTe bhAI kujaviSNuvardhana ko usane Andhrapradeza kA zAsaka niyukta kara diyA thA jisase yoga ke pUrvI cAlukyoM kA vaMza prArambha huaa| sambhavatavA pulakezI dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM hI suprasiddha dArzanika jainAcArya bhaTTAkalaMka deva kA janma huA, jo usI ke eka jaina sApamta laghuhavya nRpati ke putra the| pulakezI dvitIya kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI vikramAditya prathama 'sAhasAMka' (642-680 I.) hI akalaMka sambandhI anuzrutiyoM kA 'rAjan sAhasatuMma pratIta hotA hai, jisakI rAjasabhA meM AcArya ne apanI bAda-vijayoM kA ullekha kiyA thaa| yaha nareza unheM apanA 'pUjyapAda guru mAnatA thaa| rAjyaprApti ke samaya usakI sthiti yar3I DaoNthADola thI, kintu isa "raNarasika' 'sAhasottuMga' vIra ne kucha varSoM meM hI apane zatruoM kA damana kara diyA, aura svapasakama dvArA apane pratApI pitA ke sAmrAjya evaM pratiSThA kA punaruddhAra kara liyA, aura tabhI (653 I. ke lagabhama) usane apanA vidhivata rAjyAbhiSeka kraayaa| apane AjJAkArI bhAI jayasiMha ko usane lATadeza kA zAsaka banAyA, jisase gujarAta ke caulukyoM kI vaha zAkhA calI jo 10vIM-12vIM zatI meM atyanta prasiddha huii| vikramAditya prathama ke pazcAt usakA putra vimayAditya (680-196 I.) rAjA huaa| usake rAjaguru mUlasaMghAntargata devagaNa ke uparyukta AcArya 'pUjyapAda' akalaMkadeva ke gRhI-ziSya niravadmapaNDita the jo bhArI vidyAm the| apane rAjya ke sAtaveM varSa meM, zaka tits (san 687 I.) meM jaba yaha nRpati raktapura ke apane vijaya-skandhAkAra (chAyamI) meM ThaharA huA thA, usane devamaNa ke uparyukta gRhasthAcArya, sambhavatayA niravadhapaNDita ko dAna diyA thaa| usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI vijayAditya dvitIya (687-733 I.) ne pallavoM ke viruddha kiye gaye apane pitAmaha evaM pitA ke yuddhoM meM sarAhanIya bhAga liyA thaa| apane parAkrama se apane zatruoM ko usane bahuta kucha dabAye rkhaa| pUjyapAda (akalaMka) kI paramparA ke udayadevapaNDita, jo sambhavatayA pUrvokta nirabadyapaNDita ke ziSya the, isa nareza ke rAjaguru the| sam 700 I. meM usane unheM lakSmezyara ke zaMkha-jinendra-mandira ke lie dAna diyA thaa| isI samaya ke lagabhaga usane rAjadhAnI vAtApI meM bhI eka dAnasUcaka kannar3I zilAlekha 10 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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aMkita karAyA thaa| usake halagiri zilAlekha meM jaina tIrthakSetra koppaNa kA ullekha hai| akalaMkadeva ke sadharmA puSpasena aura puSpasena ke ziSya vimalacandra, munikamAranandi aura akalaMka ke prathama TIkAkAra bRhata-anantavIrya isI kAla meM aura sambhavatayA isI rAjA ke prazraya meM hue the| ganareza zrIpuruSa munsarasa bhI usakA samakAlIna thA aura ukta vimalacandra Adi guruoM kA poSaka thaa| apane rAjya ke 34veM varSa (zaka 651 ma sana. 739) meM mahArAja. vijayArilA dvitIya, te Apata.. astapura ke vijayaskandhAkAra se puligere (lakSmezvara) ke usI zaMkhajinAlaya ke hitArtha apane pitA ke tathA apane rAjaguru udayadevapaNDita ko kardamanAma kA gA~va dAna diyA thaa| san 733 I. meM vikIrNaka nAmaka eka rAjyamAnya Adaka ne bhI usI jinAlaya ke lie puSkala dAna diyA thaa| isI 'cAlukya-cakravartI vijayAdityavallabha' kI choTI bahana kuMkuma mahAdevI ne purigerI meM eka bhavya jinAlaya banavAyA thA jo 11vIM zatI ke anta saka vidyamAna thA / vijayAditya dvitIya kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI vikramAditya dvitIya (733-744 I.) bhI apane pUrvajoM kI bhA~ti jainadharma kA bhakta thA / akalaMka kI paramparA ke vijayadeva paNDita usake rAjaguru aura gRhasthAcArya the| vaha rAmadevAcArya (jo sambhavatayA akalaMka deva ke hI eka ziSya the) ke prazidhya aura jayadeva paNDita ke antevAsI (ziSya) the| isa bhareza ke 735 I. ke lakSmezvara zilAlekha meM rAmadevAcArya ke lie 'mUlasaMghAnvaya-devamaNoditAya-paramatapaH zrutamUrtivizoka' vizeSaNa diye haiM, jayadevapapiData ko "vijitavipakSavAdI' aura vijayadeva-paNDitAcArya ko "samupamarIkavAdi' likhA hai| bhaTTAkalaMka kI paramAsa ke vidvAnoM ke lie ke vizeSaNa upayukta hI haiN| devasaMgha kA pradhAna kendra ukta lakSmezvara hI rahA pratIta hotA hai aura usake parama poSaka ye cAlukya nareza hI the| vikramAditya dvitIya ne ukta tIrthasthAna ke zaMkhatIrthavasati, dhavala-jinAlaya Adi jainamandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAvA aura bAhubali mAmaka dharmAtmA zreSTi kI prArthanA para vahA~ ke ukta mandiroM kI marammata, rakha-rakhAva, jinendra bhagavAna kI pUjA tathA dAnapravRtti ko cAlU rakhane Adi ke lie bahuta-sI bhUmi kA dAna, kara Adi saI bAdhAoM se mukta karake diyA thaa| usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI kIrtivarmana dvitIya (744-757 I.) yAtApI ke isa pazcimI cAlukya vaMza kA antima careza thA 1 apane pitA dvArA kAMcI ke pallavoM para kiye gaye AkramaNa meM bhI usane prazaMsanIya bhAga liyA thaa| kintu idhara do dazakoM se cAlukyoM ke rASTrakUTa sAmantoM kI zakti drutavega se bar3ha rahI thii| antataH 752 I. ke lagabhaga rASTrakUTa dantidurga ne cAlukya sattA ko chinna-bhinna kara diyA, aura 757 I. meM kIrtivarmana dvitIya kI mRtyu ke sAtha hI cAlukyoM kA yaha adhyAya samApta huaa| vaha svayaM niHsantAna thA, ataeva usake cAcA bhIma parAkrama kI santati rASTrakUTasa ke gauNa sAmantoM yA uparAjAoM ke rUpa meM jaise-taise calatI rahI, jaba taka gaMga-kadamba-pallava cAlukya :: 109

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ki dasavIM zatAbdI ke antima pAda. meM eka nahIna rAjya zAjita, ke rUpa meM rAnukyoM kA punaH abhyudaya nahIM huaa| beMgi ke pUrvI cAlukya vAtApI ke cAlukya samrATa palakezI dvitIya ke anaja kabjaviSNavardhana dvArA 615 I. meM sthApita isa vaMza ke kramaza: 27 narezoM ne Amdhrapradeza para lagabhaga 500 varSa taka rAjya kiyA / mUlavaMza kI bhAMti isa zAkhA ke nareza bhI jainadharma ke poSaka rahe aura kaI eka to usake parama bhakta hue| svayaM kumayiSNuvardhana isa dharma kA Adara karatA thA, aura usakI rAnI to jinadharma ke prati bar3I niSThAvAna thii| usakI prabhAvanA ke lie usane apane pati rAjA se kaI grAma bheMTa karavAye the| isa deza ke pA~caveM nareza viSNuvardhana tRtIya ne jainAcArya kalibhadra kA sammAna kiyA thA aura unheM dAna diyA thaa| usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI vijayAditya prathama kI mahArAnI adhyana mahAdevI ne 762 I. meM uparyukta dAna kI punarAvRtti kI thii| usakA uttarAdhikArI viSNuvardhana caturtha bar3A parAkramI nareza thA aura jainadharma kA bhI bhakta thaa| isa kAla meM vizAkhApattanam (vijagApaTTama) jile ke rAmakoDa (rAmagiri yA rAmatIrtha) pahAr3iyoM para eka uccakoTi kA jaina sAMskRtika kendra vikasita huA thaa| trikaliMga (Andhra) deza ke peMgi pradeza kI samatala bhUmi ke madhya sthita yaha rAmagiri aneka jaina guhAmandiroM, jinAlayoM Adi se suzoSita thaa| aneka jaina muni yahA~ nivAsa karate the| uksa rAjAoM ke saMrakSaNa evaM prazraya meM jJAna-vijJAna kI ucca zikSA kA yaha vidyApITha phala-phUla rahA thaa| jainAcArya zrInandi usake adhiSThAtA the| vaha Ayarveda Adi vibhinna viSayoM meM niSNAta bhArI vidvAna the| svayaM mahArAja viSavardhana caturtha ina AcArya ke gharaNI kI pUjA karatA thaa| inhIM ke pradhAna ziSya 'kalyANakAraka' nAmaka prasiddha vaidyaka grantha ke racayitA, Ayurveda ke mahApaNDita jagrAdityAcArya the jo rASTrakUra amoghavarSa-jaise anya narezoM dvArA bhI sammAnita hue the| ammarAja-tadanantara kaI rAjAoM ke uparAnta isa vaMza meM ammarAja dvitIya (945-970 I.) nAma kA bar3A pratApI evaM dharmAtmA nareza huaa| isa rAjA kA aparanAma vijayAditya paSTa aura viruda samasta-bhuvanAzraya' thaa| vaha bhIma dvitIya kI mahArAnI lokamahAdevI se utpanna huA thaa| yadyapi yaha ziva aura jinendra kA samAna rUpa se bhakta dhA, usake jo zilAlekha prApta hue haiM unase prakaTa hotA hai ki Andha pradeza meM 10vIM zatI I. meM jainadharma paryApta lokapriya evaM unnata dazA meM thaa| apane rAjya ke prathama varSa meM hI isa nRpati ne apane pradhAna senApati durgarAja dvArA dharmapurI ke nikaTa nirmApita 'kaTakAbharaNa' nAma ke ati bhavya jinAlaya ke lie maliyapUNDi nAmaka grAma dAna kiyA thaa| ukta durgarAja kA prapitAmaha pANDuraMga sambhavatayA :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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vijayAditya tatIya kA senAnAyaka thA aura usane kRSNarAja (rASTrakUTa samrAT kRSNa dvitIya) ke nivAsasthAna kiraNapura ko bhasma kara diyA thaa| pANDuraMga ke putra niravadya-dhavala ko 'kaTakarAja' kA paTa pradAna kiyA gayA thaa| kaTakarAja kA putra kaTakAdhipati vijayAditya thA, jisakA putra uparyukta durgarAja thA / isa prakAra isa vaMza meM kama se kama cAra pAr3I se pUrvI cAlukyoM ke senApati kA pada calA A rahA thaa| svayaM durgarAja ko prazaMsA meM likhA hai ki vaha pravaragaNanidhi, dhArmika, satyavAdI, syAgI-mobhI mahAtmA, vijayI dhIra evaM lakSmInivAsa thA aura usakI salavAra cAlukya-lakSmI kI surakSA ke lie sadaiva myAna se bAhara rahatI thii| vaha ukta rAjya kA zaktistA jAlAna kI sijAya bhavAna kI pUjA ke prabandha, bhayana kI marammata, saMskAra Adi aura eka satra (dAnazAlA) kA saMcAlana thA, jo ukta jinAlaya se sambaddha thaa| ukta kaTakAbharaNa-jinAlaya aura usake lie pradatta grAma, kara Adika samasta bAdhAoM se mukta karake yApanIya saMgha-koTimaDuvagaNa-arhandigaccha ke jinamandi-munIzvara ke praziSya tapasvI evaM dhImAn muni zrImAndiradeva ko sauMpa diye gaye the| kaluyumtharu dAnapatra ke anusAra isa nareza ne cAlukya vaMza ke baTTavarddhika gharAne kI rAjamahilA zAmakAmbA, jo zAyada svayaM rAjA kI gaNikApalI thI, ke nivedana para sarvalokAzraya-jinabhayana ke lie ukta grAma dAna kiyA thA / sambhavatayA isa devAlaya kA nirmANa 'samastabhuvanAthaya ammarAja ke mAma para hI ukta dharmAtmA mahilAratna meM karAyA thA jo svayaM dAna-dayA-zIlayutA, budha-zrutamiratA, jinadharma-jalavivardhana-zazi, cAruzrIH zrAvikA thii| vaha valahArigaNa-aGkaligaccha ke mani sakalacandra- siddhAnta ke praziSya aura ayyapoTimunIndra ke ziSya muni arhandi bhaTTAraka kI ziSyA thI / unhIM ko bhaktipUrvaka yaha dAna diyA gayA thaa| ina muni ne isa prazasti ke lekhaka gumsimaya ko svayaM puraskRta kiyA thaa| dAna kA uddezya ukta jinAlaya se sambaddha satra yA dhamAMda kI bhojanazAlA kI marammata evaM rakha-rakhAca Adi kI vyavasthA karanA thaa| amma dvitIya ne vijayavATikA (bejayADA) ke do jinamandiroM ko bhI dAna diyA thA, jinameM sambhavatayA eka vaha thA jise pUrvakAla meM mahArAnI ayyana-mahAdevI ne bhI dAna diyA thaa| vimalAditya-amma dvitIya kI pA~cavIM pIr3hI meM, 1022 I. ke lagabhaga vimalAditya nAma kA rAjA huaa| vaha bhI jainadharma kA parama bhakta thaa| dezIgaNa ke AcArya trikAlayogI-siddhAntideva usake guru the| isa sajA ne aneka jainamandiroM ko dAna diyaa| pUrvokta rAmagiri bhI 11vIM zatAbdI ke madhya paryanta eka prasiddha evaM unnata jaina sAMskRtika kendra banA rahA, jaisA ki vahA~ se prApta eka zilAlekha se prakaTa hai| vipanAditya ke eka kammaDI zilAlekha se yA bhI jJAta hotA hai ki ukta trikAlayogI-siddhAntideva aura sambhavatayA svayaM vaha rAjA bhI jaina tIrtha rAmagiri kI amdanA karane gaye the| vimalAditya ke uparAnta do-tIna anya rAjA hue, aura 11vIM gaMga-kadAna-pallava-cAlukya :: 111

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bhAtI I. ke anta taka gi ke ina pUrvI cAlukyoM kI sattA kA bhI anta ho gyaa| sabhI se usa pradeza meM janadharma kA bhI hAsa hone lgaa| __ mahArAnI kundabdamahArAja bimalAditya kI paTTarAnI thii| vaha saMjaura ke rAjarAjA cola kI putrI aura rAjendra cola kI bahana thI jo bar3I dharmAtmA aura jinabhakta thii| sambhavatayA isa rAnI ke prabhAva se hI rAjA bhI jainadharma kA anuyAyI huA thaa| mahArAnI kundabbe ne apane bhAI rAjendra cola ke rAjya meM pavitra parvata tirumale ke zikhara para kundabbe-jinAlaya nAma kA bhavya mandira banavAyA thA, aura usake lie grAma Adi dAna diye the| lekha rAjendra cola ke rAjya ke 12veM varSa, san 1028 I. kA hai| lagatA hai kixkucha- pUrva nisAnAtiyA se gahara- ::TINA aura vidhavA mahArAnI kundako apane mAyake jAkara apane bhAI ke Azrama meM rahatI huI dharmasAdhanapUrvaka jIvana vyatIta kara rahI thii| 112 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura pahilA

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rASTrakUTa-cola-uttaravartI cAlukya-kalacuri dakSiNApatha ke prAcIna rASTrakoM (rASTrikoM) ke vaMzaja ye rASTrakada svayaM ko candravaMzI kSatriya kahate the| unako eka prArambhika zAkhA lahalUra meM sthApita thI jo sAtavIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM barAra pradeza ke elicapura meM jA basI aura tabhI se usakA abhyudaya prArambha huaa| usakA prathama jAta rAjA dantivapana thaa| usakI pA~cthavI pIr3hI meM indra dvitIya huA, jisakI patnI eka cAlukya rAjakumArI thii| ina donoM kA putra dantidurga-khaNDAvAloka-vairamedha kSIM zatI ke prathama pAda ke lagabhaga apane pitA kA uttarAdhikArI hu| aba taka ye rASTrakUTa rAje vAtApI ke cAlukyoM ke karada sAmanA the| dantidurma atyanta catura, sAhasI aura mahatvAkAMkSI thaa| cAlukyoM kI giratI dazA kA usane prabhUta lAbha utthaayaa| nAsika viSaya (jile) ke mayUrakhagar3I durga ko usane apanI pradhAna chAnanI aura elorA ko rAjadhAnI banAyA / elorA usa samaya bhI jaina, zaiva, vaiSNava aura bauddha cAroM hI dharmoM aura saMskRtiyoM kA saMgamasthala thaa| sanu 858 meM racita dharmopadezamAlA meM eka aura adhika purAnI ghaTanA kA ullekha hai ki eka samaya samaya nAmakaM (zvetAmbara) muni bhRgukaccha se calakara elaTara magara Aye the aura usa nagara kI prasiddha digambara vasahI (basati, mandira yA adhiSThAna) meM Thahare the, jisase pratIta hotA hai ki rASTrakUToM ke zAsana ke prAyaH prArambha se hI elorA digambara AmnAya kA prasiddha kendra thaa| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki dantidurga Adi rASTrakUTa nareza sarvadharma-samavazI the aura unakA vyaktigata yA kuladharma zaiva, vaiSNavAdi hote hue bhI ve jainadharma ke vizeSa poSaka evaM saMrakSaka rahe the| sana 752 I. meM dantidurga ne kIrtivarmana cAlukya ko parAjita karake usake viruda apanA liye aura cAra-pA~ca varSa ke bhItara hI sampUrNa cAlukya sAmrAjya para adhikAra kara liyA tathA svayaM ko samrAT ghoSita kara diyaa| usane anya aneka rAjAoM ko parAjita karake apane adhIna kiyA, jinameM citrakUTa (cittaur3a) ke maurya rAjA rAhApadeva ko parAjita karake usakA zvetacchatra aura zrIvallabha upAdhi svayaM grahaNa kara lii| sambhavatayA tabhI rAhappa ke anuja vIrappadeva, jo jaina muni hokara svAmI vIrasena ke nAma se vikhyAta hue, rASTraRTa-cola-utaravI cAlukya kaldhuri :: 133

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rASTrakUTa rAjadhAnI ke nikaTa hI nAsika viSaya ke yATanagara meM jA base aura yahA~ ke candraprabha jinAlaya evaM ghAmarakSaNa ke guhAmandiroM meM unhoMne apanA jJAnakendra sthApita kiyaa| jainAcArya vimalacandra ne gaMganareza zrIpuruSa kI bhAMti isa nareza se bhI sammAna prApta kiyA lagatA hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki akalaMka sambandhI anuzruti kA 'rAjansAhasatuMga' bhI rASTrakuTa dantidurga hI thA, kintu yaha sambhava pratIla nahIM hotA, kyoMki sAhasalaMga upAdhi mUlatayA cAlukyoM kI thii| cAlukya abhilekhoM meM ullikhita devasaMgha ke AcArya pUjyapAda se abhiprAya akalaMkadeva kA hI hai, aura sAtavIM zatI ke anta ke lagabhaga se hI hama pUjyapAda akalaMka ke nahIM, varan unake ziSya-praziSyoM ke ullekha pAte haiM. AThavIM zatI kA prathama pAda to akalaMka kI adhika se adhika antima avadhi ho sakatI hai| dantidurga ke uparAnta usaza caudhoM ko prathama akAlavarSa-zubhatuMma (757-773 I.) rAjA huaa| vaha bhI bhArI vijetA aura parAkramI nareza thaa| elorA ke suprasiddha kailAsa mandira ke nirmANa kA zreya use hI diyA jAtA hai| usI samaya ke lagabhaga elorA ke indrasabhA, jagannAthasabhA Adi prAyaH utane hI siddha evaM kalApUrNa jaina guhAmandira banane prArambha hue| pUrvokta vimalacandra ke praziSya paravAdimalla jo bhArI tAkika aura cAdI the, isI rASTrakUTa kRSNa prathama dvArA sammAnita hue the| eka bahuta yAda kI amuzruti ke anusAra akalaMkadeva isa rASTrakTa zubhatuMga yA usake brAhmaNa mantrI puruSottama ke putra the, kintu yaha dhAraNA sarvathA bhrAnta hai-aisA hone kI koI bhI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| isa kiMvadantI kA yadi koI mahatva hai to kevala itanA hI hai ki uttara kAla ke jaina isa nareza ke sAtha jainadharma kA sambandha jor3ate the to vaha usa dharma kA poSaka avazya rahA hogaa| kRSNa prathama kA uttarAdhikArI usakA jyeSTha putra govinda dvitIya (773-779 I.) ayogya zAsaka thaa| yuddha meM usakI mRtyu ho jAne para usake anuja dhUva-dhArAvarSa-nirupama (779-793 I.) ne siMhAsana hastagata kiyA / ghora, dhavalaiya, zrIvallabha, kavivallabha, bodaNarAya (ballaharAya yA vallabharAdhana) ke madhya deza taka usane apanI vijayapatAkA phaharAyI thI aura rASTrakUTa zakti ko sampUrNa bhAratavarSa meM sarvopari banA diyA thaa| usakI paTarAnI zIlabhaTTArikA begi ke cAlukya nareza viSNuvardhana caturtha kI putrI thI aura jainadharma kI makta thI tathA zreSTha karvAyatrI bhI thii| apabhraMza bhASA ke jaina mahAkavi svayambhU ne apane rAmAyaNa, harivaMza, nAgakumAracarita, svayambhUnda Adi mahAn granthoM kI racanA isI nareza ke Azraya meM usI kI rAjadhAnI meM rahakara kI thii| kavi ne apane kAvyoM meM ghuvarAya dhavalaiya mAma se isa AzrayadAtA kA ullekha kiyA hai| svayambhU kI patnI sAmiabbA bhI bar3I viduSI thii| samrAT ne apanI rAjakumAriyoM ko zikSA dene ke lie use niyukta kiyA thaa| pumnATasaMdhI AcArya jinasena ne 783 I. meM samApta apane harivaMzapurANa ke anta meM isa nareza kA ullekha 'kRSNAnRpa kA putra zrIvaramAna jI dakSiNApatha kA svAmI thA', :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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S isa rUpa meM kiyA haiN| hallaharAya (ballabharAja dhruva) narendracUr3AmaNi ke rAjya meM mAsikadeza (prAnta) ke vATanagara (vATagrAmapura) viSaya meM, jaba ukta prAnta kA zAsaka yuvarAja jagatuMgadetha thA, paMcastUpAnthayI svAmI vIrasena ne, 780 I. meM, SadakhaNDAgama-siddhAnta kI apanI saprasiddha evaM vizAlakAya zrIdhayata nAmnI TIkA ko pUrNa kiyA thaa| tadanantara unhoMne kasAyAvAhuDa kI jayadhavala TIkA kA lagabhaga eka-tihAI bhAga pUrA kiyA, mahAdhavala (mahAbandha) nibaddha kiyA, tathA siddhabhUpaddhati Adi katipaya anya grandha race / isa diggaja AcArya puMgava ne akele lagabhaga eka lAkha zloka parimANa racanA kI thii| digambara paramparA ke mUla AgamoM ke sarvamahAn upalabdha bhASya uparyukta vizAla caurasenIya TokAe~ hI haiN| unakA ziSya parivAra bhI atyanta suyogya aura kAfI bar3A thaa| vAdanagara kA unakA jJAnakendra usa yuga kA sampUrNa bhAratavarSa kA syAta sarvamahAna jaina vidyApITha thaa| usameM jitanA vizAla pastaka-saMgraha...zA...vaisA anyatra kahIM nahIM thaa| san 190 ke lagabhaga yaha AcAryAzaromaNi divaMgata hue| svAmI vidyAnanda, paravAdimAla aura guru kumArasena usa samaya ke rASTrakUTa rAjya ke anya prasiddha jainAcArya evaM sAhityakAra the| ___ govinda tRtIya aMgasuMga-prabhUtavarSa-kIrtinArAyaNa-tribhuvanadhavala zrIvallabha (799-874 I.) dhruvadhArAvarSa ke cAroM putroM meM sarvAdhika yogya aura parAkramI thaa| svayaM dhruva ke rAjA hone ke pUrva hI usane apanI yogyatA kA sikkA jamA liyA thA aura usake zatruoM kA damana karane tathA usa (dhurva) kI rAjyaprApti meM vaha usakA pradhAna sahAyaka rahA thaa| ataeva siMhAsana prApta karate hI dhruva ne use 'yuvarAja ghoSita kara diyA thA, rAjA kI upAdhi de dI thI, mayUrakhaNDI kI pradhAna chAvanI kA niyantraka aura usake prabhAva kSetra meM AnevAle nAsikadeza kA prAntIya zAsaka banA diyA thaa| vIrasena svAmI kA vidyApITha lisa vATanagara viSaya ke mukhya sthAna ke nikaTa sthita thA vaha isa rAjana jagatuMgadeva ke pratyakSa zAsana meM, ataeva saMrakSaNa evaM prazraya meM thaa| dhruva ne isa uddezya se ki usake pIche rAjya ke lie usake putroM meM agar3A na ho, apanI mRtyu ke pUrva hI govinda tRtIya kA rAjyAbhiSeka bhI kara diyA thaa| tathApi apane rAjyakAla meM govinda tRtIya ko yuddhoM se avakAza nahIM milaa| bhAiyoM ne bhI vidroha kiye, zatruoM aura adhInastha rAjAoM ne bhI sira uThAye, kintu isa pratApI nareza ne sabakA saphalatApUrvaka damana kiyaa| aneka naye pradeza bhI jIte aura rAjya ke vistAra evaM zakti ko paryApta bar3hAyA / bhAratavarSa kI samasta rAjyazaktiyoM usakA lohA mAnatI thiiN| nizyaya hI apane samaya kA vaha sarvamahAn bhAratIya samrATa thaa| gujarAta kA zAsaka usane apane AjJAkArI anuja indra ko banAyA thaa| usane mAnyakhera (malakheDa) nAma kI eka vizAla evaM sudRr3ha mAhAnagarI kA nirmANa bhI Arambha kara diyA thA, jise vaha apanI rAjadhAnI banAnA cAhatA thaa| usake AjJAnavartI baiMginareza kI dekharekha meM mAnyakheTa kA sadRr3ha bAharI prAcIra banA itane bar3e sAmrAjya rASTrasUTa-cola-uttaravarI cAlukya. kalacuri :: 15

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kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM elAMsa aura mayUrakhaNDI jaise sthAna upayukta nahIM raha gaye the| apane pUrvajoM kI bhA~ti jainadharma kA anuyAyI vaha bhI nahIM thA, tathApi usake prati atyanta udAra aura sahiSNu thA, guNiyoM aura vidvAnoM kA vaha Adara karatA thaa| apane 802 I. ke mannedAnapatra dvArA isa samrAT govinda tRtIya prabhUtavarSa ne mAnyapura (gaMgoM kI rAjadhAnI) ke prasiddha jaina mandira ke lie samasta jharoM se mukta karake jaladhArA - pUrvaka eka grAma tathA anya bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa| usa samaya samrAT svayaM mAnyapura meM sthita apane vijaya -skandhAvAra meM ThaharA huA thaa| usake kucha pUrva hI usane gaMga zivamAra ko punaH bandI banAkara gaMgarAjya meM apane jeSTha bhrAtA zaucakambha gAvaloka ko apanA pratinidhi niyukta kiyA thaa| ataeva vaha bhI usa samaya vahA~ upasthita thA aura isa dAna kA anumodaka thaa| gaMga-narezoM ke samasta sAmanta- senAdhipati rAjA zrIvijaya ko, jisane vaha bhavya mandira kucha varSa pUrva hI banavAyA thA, isa samrAT prabhUtavarSa ne apanA mahA-vijaya-nikSepAdhipati niyukta kiyA thaa| isa lekha meM bhI isa jaina vIra ko bhagavAn arhatu deva ke caraNoM meM nitya praNAma karane se jisake uttama aMga pavitra ho gaye the, aisA 'mahAsAmantAdhipati mahAnubhAva kahA hai| dAna kA preraka samasta subhaTa-lokakesarI Adi virudadhArI vIra vikramaikarasa kA pItra aura bhakta zrAvaka atre kA priya putra thA, jo udAradAnI thA aura apane zatruoM kA damana karanevAlA vIra yuvaka thA / dAna prApta karanevAle guru kundakundAndaya ke udAragaNa ke zAlmalIgrAma nivAsI toraNAcArya ke praziSya aura puSpanandi ke ziSya vahI prabhAcandra the jinheM isI zrIvijayavasadi ke lie pA~ca varSa pUrva gaMganareza ne dAna diyA thaa| lekha meM rASTrakUTa govinda tRtIya ke parAkrama, vijayoM aura saphalatAoM kA bhI paryApta ullekha hai| san 807 I. ke cAmarAjanagara tAmrazAsana dvArA govinda tu. ke bhAI uso raNAvaloka kAmarAja ne apane putra zaMkaragaNa kI prArthanA para gaMgarAjadhAnI tAlavananagara ( talakADa) kI zrIvijaya-vasAMde ke lie badanaguppe nAma kA grAma kundakundAnyaya ke kumArananda bhaTTAraka ke praziSya aura elavAcArya guru ke ziSya parama dhArmika, dadhAna, vidvAn vardhamAna guru ko pradAna kiyA thaa| yaha jinAlaya bhI pUrvokta sAmantarAja zrIvijaya dvArA hI nirmArpita thA / isa lekha se yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki kambharAja svayaM sambhavatacA usakI patnI bhI aura putra zaMkaragaNa, jainadharma ke bhakta the / san 812 I. ke kadana - dAnapatra ke dvArA, jo samrAT ne svayaM mayUrakhaNDI ke durga se pracArita kiyA thA, usane zilAgrAma meM sthita jinamandira ke lie yApanIyanandisaMgha punnAgavRkSabhUlagaNa- zrIkityAcArya-anvaya ke guru kUbilAcArya ke antevAsI vijayakIrti ke ziSya arkakIrti muni ko jAlamaMgala nAma kA grAma bheMTa kiyA thaa| yaha dAna cAlukya vaMza ke balavarma narendra ke pautra aura rAjA yazovarma ke 'kuladIpaka suputra vimalAdi ke mAmA cAkirAja kI prArthanA para diyA gayA thA / cAkirAja usa samaya azeSa-gaMgamaNDalAdhirAja the, sambhavatayA samrATra kI ora se ve gaMgavADi pradeza 136 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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14 ke zAsaka the aura jinabhakta the| unakA bhAnajA uparyukta vimalAditya, jo raNacatura aura caturajanAzraya thA, svayaM kunungila deza (pradeza) kA zAsaka thaa| muni arkakIrti meM vipalAditya ko zanizcara graha kI pIr3A meM sakta kiyA thA. yaha isa dAna kA pradhAna preraka kAraNa thaa| isa lekha meM bhI rASTrakUToM kI vaMzAvalI aura unake, vizeSakara govinda ta. ke vijayoM, pratApa Adi kA varNana hai| dATanagara kA jaina adhiSThAna to samrAT se prArambha se hI saMrakSaNa pAtA rahA thaa| vahIM aba svAmIvIrasena ke suyogya paTTaziSya svAmI jinasena guru dvArA adhure chor3e gaye kArya kI pUrti meM zAntipUrvaka saMlagna the| unake sadharmA dazaratha guru, vinayasena, padmasena aura vRddhakumArasena tathA svAmI vidyAnanda, anantakIrti, ravibhadraziSya anantavIrya, paravAdimalla Adi aneka vidvAn jaina guru rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya ko suzobhita kara rahe the| mahAkavi svayambhU mI sambhavatayA muni ho gaye the aura zrIpAla nAma se prasiddha hue the| AcArya jinasena dvArA javadhavala (dhIrasenIyA TIkA) kI pUrti, sampAdana Adi meM zrIpAla muni kA paryApta yoga rhaa| svayambhU ke putra tribhuvana-svayambhU bhI zreSTha kavi the aura isa kAla meM unhoMne apane pitA ke rAmAyaNa Adi mahAgranthoM kA saMzodhana, parivardhana, sampAdana Adi kiyA thaa| govinda na. ke vaha vizeSa kRpApAtra rahe pratIta hote haiN| isa nareza ke zAsanakAla meM jainadharma khUba phala-phUla rahA thaa| samrAT amoghavarSa prathama-nRpatuMga, zarvavarma, atizaya-dhavala, mahArAja-zaNDa, vIranArAyaNa, zrIvallabha, pAlabharAya Adi virughArI isa rASTranTa samrATa kA jainadharma ke parama poSaka evaM bhakta mahAna samrAToM meM ullekhanIya sthAna hai| isameM bhI sandeha nahIM hai ki rAjya vistAra, zakti, samRddhi, vaibhava Adi kI dRSTi se yaha apane samaya kA bhArata kA prAyaH sarvamahAna samrATU thaa| usakA rAjyakAla bhI sudIrgha thA-sATha varSa se adhika usane rAjya kA upabhoga kiyaa| usakA janma 804 I. meM usa samaya huA thA jaba usakA pitA govinda ta, uttarApatha kI apanI eka bijayayAtrA se lauTate hue narmadA ke kinAre zrIbhakta nAmaka sthAna meM chAvanI DAle par3A thaa| ataevaM 15 I. meM jaba use pitA kI mRtyu para rAjya kA uttarAdhikAra milA to vaha dasa-gyAraha varSa kA bAlaka mAtra thaa| kintu usake pitA ne rAjya kI bhIMya paryApta sudRr3ha kara dI thI aura kaI svAmibhakta evaM vizvAsapAtra rAjapuruSa paidA kara diye the| inameM sarvopari amoghavarSa ke svAyA aura gurjaradeza ke zAsaka indra kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI kakarAja thA, jo bAlaM rAjA kA suyogya evaM sakSama abhibhAvaka aura saMrakSaka huaa| sthiti kA lAbha uThAkara jo vidroha Adi hue una sabakA damana karake 821 I. meM navIna rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa meM kakarAja ne amoghavarSa kA vidhivata rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| karkarAja kI hI bhA~ti sAmrAjya kA mahAsenApati jaina dhIra yaMkeyarasa pUrNatayA svAmimakta aura sarvathA suyogya thaa| ina donoM rAjapuruSoM ne milakara sAmrAjya ko syacakra aura paracakra ke samasta upadravoM se surakSita rakhane kA saphala prayatma kiyaa| rASTrakUTa-caula-uttaravatI cAlukya-kalacuri :: 117

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udhara svayaM samrAT ne rAjadhAnI ko sundara prAsAdoM, sajapathoM, sarovaroM, udyAnoM Adi se alaMkRta karane meM kucha yarSa mana lgaayaa| vaha svayaM vastutaH eka zAntipriya, vidyArasika evaM dharmAtmA nareza thaa| sAmrAjya meM yuTu calate rahe, vidroha aura vigraha bhI hote rahe, kintu usake sudakSa evaM svAmibhakta anucaroM aura sAmanta-saradAroM kI tatparatA ke kAraNa sAmrAjya kI samRddhi aura zAnti meM koI ullekhanIya vija nahIM par3A, usakI zakti, vaibhava evaM pratApa meM uttarottara vRddhi hI huii| tatkAlIna araba yAtrI sulemAna saudAgara (851 I.) ke anusAra usa kAla meM saMsAra bhara meM sarvamahAn ...samrATu bhArata kA dIrghAyu balaharA' (ballAbharAya amoghavarSa), cIna kA samrAT, bagadAda ko khalIphA aura rUma (tuko) ko sulAna, yaha cIra hI the| alaidrisi, abuda, masUdI, ilahIkala Adi anya araba saudAgaroM ne bhI amoghavarSa ke pratApa evaM vaibhava kI tathA usake sAmrAjya kI samRddhi evaM zakti kI bharapUra prazaMsA kI hai| sulemAna yaha bhI likhatA hai ki bhAratavarSa kA pratyeka pati svayaM apane rAjya meM rahatA huA bhI, usakA (amoghavarSa kA) Adhipatya svIkAra karatA thaa| usake pAsa hAthI aura puSkala dhana sampatti thii| yaha zarAba ko chUtA bhI nahIM thA aura apane sainikoM tathA karmacAriyoM ko niyamita vetana detA thaa| usake rAjya meM pUjA kI sampatti surakSita thI, corI aura ThagI ko koI jAnatA bhI nahIM thA, aura vyApAra-vyavasAya ko prabhUta protsAhana thA tathA videziyoM ke prati AdarapUrNa acchA vyavahAra hotA thaa|" alaidrisi likhatA hai ki rASTrakUTa rAjya ativistRta, canA vasA huA, bar3he-ghar3e vyApAra vAlA aura bahuta upajAU thaa| janatA adhikAMzataH zAkAhArI thI, cAyala (dhAna), maTara, phaliyAM, dAleM, sAga-sabhI, phala Adi unake nitya ke bhojyapadArtha the|nye bhAratIya svabhAvataH nyAyapriya haiM, apane vyavahAra meM bhI sadA nyAyapUrNa hI rahate haiN| sacAI, ImAnadArI, kiye gaye anubandhoM meM apane vacana kA dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana ityAdi guNoM ke lie ye loga sarvatra prasiddha haiN| isI se ajanabI videzI inake deza meM bar3I saMkhyA meM daur3a-daur3akara Ate haiN| phalasvarUpa isa deza kI samRddhi meM bar3hotarI hI hotI hai|" adhusaida bhI likhatA hai ki, "balaharA sampUrNa bhAratavarSa kA sarvAdhika pratiSThita evaM pratApI nareza hai aura anya saba saje, yapi unameM se pratyeka apane apane rAjya meM svatantra hai aura usakA pUrNatayA svAmI hai, isakI mahattA svIkAra karate haiM aura use sarvopari mAnate haiN|" isake atirikta, yaha narendra guNiyoM aura vidvAnoM kA premI to thA hI, svayaM bhI acchA vidvAn aura kavi thaa| saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, kannar3I aura tamila bhASAoM meM vividha viSayaka sAhitya sUjana ko usane prabhUta protsAhana diyaa| isakI rAjasabhA vidvAnoM se bharI rahatI thii| isa viSaya meM bhI prAyaH koI matabheda nahIM hai ki samrAT amomavarSa prathama jainadharma kA anuyAyI, jaina guruoM kA bhakta, aura eka usama zrAvaka shvaa| pro. rAmakRSNa 1118 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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gopAla bhaNDArakara ke mattAnusAra rASTrakUTa narezoM meM amoghavarSa jainadharma kA sarvamahAna saMrakSaka thaa| yaha bAta satya pratIta hotI hai ki usane svayaM jainadharma dhAraNa kiyA thaa|" vIrasena svAmI ke priya paTTa-ziSya aura unake vATanagara kendra ke tatkAlIna adhiSThAtA semasaMdhI AcArya jinasena svAmI samrAT ke dharmaguru evaM rAjaguru the| vaha vibhinna bhASAvijJa evaM vividha-viSaya-niSNAta digAja vijJAna aura mahAkavi the| bAlapana se hI unake sAtha amoghavarSa kA samparka rahA thA, aura vaha unakI bar3I vinaya karatA thaa| ina AcArya ke sammukha sarvapramukha kArya svaguru dvArA adhUre chor3e gaye kArya ko pUrA karanA thA, ataeva 837 I. meM unhoMne samrATa amodhavarSa ke prazraya meM aura usake pradhAnAmAtya gurjarAdhipa karkarAja ke saMrakSaNa meM, guru dvArA sthApita bArasagara ke after 6, ma yadala' ko pUrNa kiyA aura use zrIpAlaguru dvArA sampAdita karAke santoSa prApta kiyaa| tadanantara, samrATa ke Agraha para: vaha: rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa meM hI prAyaH rahane lge| vahIM unhoMne mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke suprasiddhaH meghadUta kI samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM apane pAsyudayakAvya' kI racanA kI, jo apanI kAvyagata vizeSatAoM ke lie samagra saMskRta sAhitya kI zreSThatama kAvya nidhiyoM meM parigaNita hai| ukta kAvya meM amoghavarSa kA bhI sAMketika ullekha haiN| isake uparAnta AcArya ne mahApurANa kI racanA prArambha kI, kintu Adi tIrthaMkara kA caritra bhI pUrA nibaddha na kara pAye ki divaMgata ho gye| jisa vizAla yojanA ke sAtha unhoMne yaha mahApurANa racanA prArambha kiyA thA, yadi pUrA kara pAte, to yaha advitIya hotaa| unake paziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne muru dvArA adhUre chor3e AdipurANa ko pUrA kiyA tathA usarapurANa ke rUpa meM saMkSepa se zeSa leIsa lIrthaMkaroM kA caritra nibaddha karake mahApurANa kA samApana kiyaa| muNabhadrAcArya ne pattarapurANa meM likhA hai ki svaguru bhAvajinasenAcArya ke caraNakamaloM meM praNAma karake amoghavarSa nRpati svayaM ko pavitra huA dhanya mAnatA thaa| AcArya guNabhadra ne 'AtmAnuzAsana', 'jinadattacaritra' Adi grantha bhI race haiN| amodhavarSa aura usakA putra kRSNa dvitIya, donoM hI ina AcArya kA sammAna karate the| samrAT ne inheM yuvarAja kRSNa kA zikSaka bhI niyukta kiyA thA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| AcArya ugrAditya ne samrAT ke Agraha para unakI rAjasabhA meM Akara aneka AyurvedajJoM evaM anya vividha vidvAnoM ke samakSa madya-mAMsa niSedha kA vaijJAnika vivecana kiyA thA, aura isa aitihAsika vyAkhyAna ko 'hitAhita adhyAya' zIrSaka se apane pUrvalikhita (lagabhaga 800 I. meM prasiddha vaidyaka grantha 'kalyApAkAraka' meM pariziSTa ke rUpa meM sammilita kiyA thaa| prasiddha jaina gaNitajJa mahAvIrAcArya ne apanA suvidita gaNitasAra-saMgraha.usI samrATa ke Azraya meM likhA thA usakI prazasti meM AcArya ne likhA hai ki jisa nRpatuMgadeva ke zAsana meM syATrayAdanyAya ke pakSadharoM ne samasta ekAnta pakSoM ko vidhvasta kara diyA thA, usa nRpati kA vaha zAsana varddhamAna ho|' yApanIya saMgha ke jainAcArya zAkadAyana pAlyakIrti rASTrakUTa-cola-uttaravI cAlukya- kalacure :: 119

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ne apane suvikhyAta 'zabdAnuzAsana' nAmaka vyAkaraNa zAstra kI tathA usakI syopajJa 'amoghavRtti' nAmnI TIkA kI rathamA bhI isI nRpati ke Azrama meM kI thii| svayaM samrAT amoghavarSa ne kannahI bhASA meM 'kavirAjamArga nAmaka chanda-alaMkAra zAstra racA, tathA saMskRta meM 'praznottara-ratnamAlikA' nAma kA nItizAstra sthA, jisake prArambha meM usane tIrthakara mahAvIra kI vandanA kI hai aura anta meM sUcita kiyA hai ki viveka kA udaya hone para usa rAjarSi amoghavarSa ne rAjya kA parityAga kara diyA thA, aura sudhIjanoM ko vibhUSita karanevAlI isa 'ratnamAlikA' ko racA thaa| usake konnUra Adi abhilekhoM se prakaTa haiM ki isa nareza ne jainamuruoM, jainamandiroM aura saMsthAgoM ko aneka dAna bhI diye the| isa prakAra vaha nyAya-nIliparAyaNa, sadvicArapUrNa, vivekayAna, dharmaniSTha rAjarSi bIca-bIca meM bahudhA rAjyakArya se avakAza lekara gurucaraNoM meM, sammanatayA ghATagrAma ke maTha meM jAkara, akiMcana ho alpAdhika avadhi ke lie nirAkulalApUrvaka dharmasevana kiyA karatA thaa| usake saMjana tAmrazAsana se bhI aisA hI bhAva jhalakatA hai 1 svAda meM usakI niSThA thI, tattvacarcA, vidvAnoM ke vyAkhyAnoM aura zAstrAdhoM meM vaha rasa letA thaa| khAna-pAna to usakA jaimocita zuddha thA hI, saMyamI jIvana bitAne kA bhI abhyas / apane jIvana ke antima bhAga meM, . lagabhaga, rAjyakArya kA bhAra yuvarAja kRSNa ko sauMpakara usale sthAyI avakAza le liyA thA aura eka Adarza tyAgI zrAvaka ke rUpa meM samaya vyatIta kiyA thaa| sana 878 aura 80 I. ke madhya kisI samaya isa rAjarSi kA nidhana huaa| svayaM samAT atirikta usakI mAtA mahArAnI gAmuNDabbe, paTTamahiSI umAdevI, darAja kRSNA, rAjakumAriyoM zaMkhAdevI aura samAbelabre, cacerA bhAI karkarAja ityAdi rAjaparivAra ke adhikatara sadasya jinabhakta the| sAmanta-saradAroM meM lATa-gujarAta ke rASTrakUToM aura senApati bakaiya ke atirikta naulambavAr3I ke nolamba, saundati ke raTTa, hummaca ke sAntara, gaMgADi ke gama, yoga ke pUrvI cAlukya Adi aneka jainadharmAvalambI the| gurjarAdhina kakarAja ne to 821 I. ke apane sUrata dAna-patra ke dvArA jainAcArya paravAdimAla ke praziSya ko navasArI (navasArikA) ke jaina vidyApITha ke lie bhUmi dAna kI thii| san Bry ke eka zilAlekha meM eka jaina basadi ke lie rAjya dvArA siMhavaramaNa ke AcArya nAganandi ko dAna dene kA ullekha hai| samrATU kA vyaktigata vizvAsa jainadharma meM thA, tathApi yaha paradharma-sahiSa aura samadarzI thA 1 kulAcAra ke anusAra apanI kuladevI mahAlakSmI meM bhI usakI AsthA rahI pratIta hotI hai, kyoMki eka bAra isa prajAvatsala mRti ne apanI prajA ko mahAmArI ke prakopa se bacAne ke lie ukta devI ke caraNoM meM apanI aMgali kATakara car3hA dI thii| yaha usake rAjyakAla ke pUrvArdha kI ghaTanA rahI pratIta hotI hai| vaise isa rASTrakUTa cakravatI amodhavarSa napataMga ke sAmrAjya meM jainadharma hI prAyaH rASTradharma ho rahA thaa| 120 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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vIrabakeyarasa-samrATa amoghavarSa prathuma ke rAjapasyoM meM jainadharma kI dRSTi se sarvAdhika ullekhanIya usako mahAsanApati vIra kayarasa hai| vaha mukula nAmaka vyakti ke usa kula meM utpanna huA thA jo "vikrama-bilAsa-nilaya' kahalAtA thA, arthAt apanI vIratA aura parAkrama ke lie prasiddha thaa| mukula sambhavatayA rASTrakUTa kRSNa prathama kI sevA meM thA, usakA putra rikoTi dhukdhArAvArSa kI aura erikoTi kA putra dhora, jo apane vaMza kA 'kulAdhAra' thA, govinda tRtIya kI sevA meM thaa| vaha kolanura kA zAsaka thA-sambhavatayA rAya kI ora se kolanUra use jAgIra meM bhI mila gayA thaa| dhaura kI patnI vijayAMkA se isa lokamAnya, pracaNDa maNDalIkoM meM AtaMka phailAnevAle 'callaketana' cIra baMgakeza kA janma huA thaa| usakA dhvajayiSla 'nA' thA, isalie bAra 'celleketana' bhI kahalAtA thaa| yaha apane svAmI vIranArAyaNa amodhavarSa vallabhanarendra kA 'iSTapratya--atyanta kRpApAtra evaM priya anucara thaa| samrAT ne use vizAla unavAsi-50,000 deza kA ekAdhipati sAmanta banA diyA thaa| vahA~ bakeya ne baMkApura nAma kA eka sundara nagara basAyA aura use apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA / sambhayatayA yaha nagara usakI dhAgata jAgIra kolanUra ke nikaTa hI sthita thaa| jaba gaMga saMcamalla ke uttarAdhikArI eaiyagaMga ne rASTrakUTa samrAT ke viruddha vidroha kiyA thA to senApatti ba~keya ne gaMgoM ke dAla aura salakADa nagaroM para adhikAra karake gaMgoM kA damana kiyaa| keya jada isa abhiyAna meM vyasta thA to gurjarAdhipa kaka ke putra dhruva ne yuvarAja kRSA ko apane sAtha milAkara rAjadhAnI mAnapakheTa meM eka SaDyantra raca ddaalaa| sUcanA pAte hI dakaya rAjadhAnI AyA aura tatparatA ke sAtha ukta vidroha kA damana kiyaa| dhruva yuddha meM mArA gyaa| isI avasara para prasanna hokara samrAT ne bakeya kI vanayAsI kI jAgIra pradAna kI thii| beMgi kA vijayAditya-guNama isa samaya ke zreSThatama zAsakoM meM se thaa| vaha rASTrakUToM kI parAdhInatA se mukta honA cAhatA thA, ataeva uttane bhI sira uThAyA, kintu yuddha meM parAjita huaa| isa vijaya kA zreya bhI baMkeya ko thaa| isa prakAra svAmibhakta senApati vIra cakaya ke parAkrama se samrAT amoghavarSa ke samasta zatraoM kA tatparatA ke sAtha damana hotA rahA aura svacaka evaM parampaka donoM ke hI utpAtoM se usakI aura usake sAmrAjya kI rakSA hotI rhii| bakeya kI aneka mahatvapUrNa sevAoM se prasanna hokara eka bAra samrATa ne usase itrita yara mA~gane kA Agraha kiyA to usa dharmAtmA vIra ne kahA ki use kucha nahIM cAhie, apane samrATa kI sevA hI usake lie bharapUra puraskAra hai| samrATa ke punaH Agraha para usane kolanara (konnUra) meM apane dvArA nimaMpita pathya jinAlaya ke lie dAna dene kI prArthanA kii| ataeva apane zaka 782 (san 860 I.) ke konnara tAmrazAsana dvArA taleyUra nAma kA grAma tathA anya tIsa grAmoM kI kucha bhUmiyA~ ukta mandira ke paripAlana ke lie niyukta mUlasaMghadezIyagaya pustakagaccha ke traikAlayogIza ke ziSya devendra munIzvara saiddhAntika ko ukta jinAlayaM ke nirmANa ke uparAnta rASTrakUTa-bola-uttaravatI yAlukya-kalacuri :: 121

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honevAle khaNDasphuTita (marammata), sammArjanopalepana (lipAI-putAI), paripAlana Adi dharmopayogI kAyoM ke lie Azvina pUrNimA ke dina, jisa dina sarvagrAsIsomagrahaNa huA thA, samrATa ne pradAna kara dii| tAmrazAsana kA lekhaka grAma paTTalAdhikArI raNahasti nAgavarma-pradhvIrAma kA bhRtya, valabhIkAyasthoM ke vaMza meM utpanna zrIharSa kA putra bhogika batsarAja thA jo dharmAdhikaraNa pada para AsIna thaa| bakeyarAja kA mukhya mahattara (dIvAna) gaNapatti thA jisane isa dAna ko vyavasthA kI thii| kAlAntara meM meghacandra vidyadeva ke ziSya dhIranandi muni ne, jinake pAsa yaha tAmrazAsana thA, kolanUra ke mahAprabhu hulimarasa tathA anya samjanoM kI prArthanA para komsUra kA prastuta zilAlekha aMkita karAyA thA jisameM ukta tAmrazAsana kI pratilipi samAviSTa hai| ukta tAmrazAsana meM rASTrakUToM ko vaMzAvalI, samrATa amoghavarSa kI prazasti tathA vIra baMkeyarasa ke vaMza-paricaya, vijayoM aura parAkrama kA varNana bhI hai| baMkeya kA putra lokAditya bhI apane pitA kI hI bhA~ti jinadharma kA bhakta thaa| bakeya ke nidhana ke uparAnta vahI vanavAsI. zAnta kA jAgIradAra aura zAsaka tathA saMkApura kA svAmI thaa| usake samaya meM, 898 I. meM, AcArya guNabhadra ke zivya lokasena ne guru dvArA pUrNa kiye 'mahApurANa kA vimocana, pUjanotsava evaM sArvajanika vAcana lokAditya ke prazraya meM hI samArohapUrvaka kiyA thaa| guNabhadrAcArya kA svargavAsa usake pUrva hI ho cukA thaa| kRSNa dvitIya zubhatuMga akAlavarSa (978-914 I.)-sajya kA vastutaH svAmI to 876 I. ke lagabhaga hI ho gayA thA, jaba usake pitA samrAra ne rAjyakArya se avakAza le liyA thaa| usakA vidhivata rAjyAbhiSeka bhI 878 I. meM ho gyaa| isakA zAsana bhI yuddhoM, vijayoM, kabhI-kabhI parAjayoM se bhI pUrNa rahA / usakI paTTarAnI cedinareza kokkala prathama kI putrI thii| yaha samrATU aura isakI paTTarAnI donoM jainadharma meM AsthA rakhate the| AcArya guNabhadra to ghuvarAjakAla meM hI usake vidyAguru the| usake samrAT hone ke pazcAt bhI sambhava hai vaha kucha varSa jIvita rahe aura samrAT unake prati vinayAvanata rhaa| unake uparAnta unake ghaTTaziSya lokasena bhI usake bArA sammAnita rhe| usI ke zAsanakAla meM unhoMne gurU ke 'uttarapurANa' kI prazasti ko saMvaddhita karake baMkApura meM lokAditya kI rAjasabhA meM ukta 'mahAgurAma kA pUjotsava kiyA thaa| kRSNa dvitIya ke aneka sAmanta-saradAra jainadharma ke anuyAyI the aura sAtha ho bar3e parAkramI vIra evaM yoddhA the| inameM se narasiMha cAlukya ne uttarApatha meM kannauja ke gurjara pratihAra nareza mahIpAla ko parAjita karake gaMgA nadI meM apane ghor3e nahalAye the| senAdhyakSa zrIvijaya bhI jaina thA 1. vanavAsI kA zAsaka lokAditya to jainaH thA hii| saundatti ke rahasana pRthvIrAma ne bhI apane pradeza ke jainamandiroM ke lie bhUmi Adi ke dAna diye the| eka parama jaina sAmanta tolapuruSa vikrama sAsara ne apanI rAjadhAnI humacca meM pAliyAkka basadhi evaM guDaDa-basadi nAmaka jinAlaya banavAye the 1 22 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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tathA 897 I. meM kundakundAnvaya ke maunI siddhAnta bhaTTAraka ke lie eka anya basadi banavAyI thii| usane apanI rAjadhAnI meM sambhavatayA usakI guDaDa basadi meM, bhagavAn bAhubali kI pratimA bhI pratiSThita kI thii| vikramavaraguNa nAmaka eka anya sAmanta ne periyaDa ke ariSTanemi bhaTTAraka ke ziSya ko dAna diyA thaa| kRSNa ke rAjyakAla meM hI, 881 I. meM koSNatIrthoM para gudubhaTTAraka ke ziSya jaina muni sarvanandi kA samAdhimaraNa huA thA / usa kAla meM koppaNa eka dharmatIrtha evaM unnata jaina kendra thA / svayaM kRSNa dvitIya se mUlaguNDa, badanike Adi sthAnoM ke jainamandiroM ko dAna diye the| usakA 914 I. kA begamArA tAmrazAsana bhI eka jainadAnapatra hI hai| isI kRSNavallabha nRpa ke zAsanakAla meM, 903 I. meM dhavala viSaya ke mUlaguNDa nAmaka nagara meM vaizya jAti meM utpanna prasiddha candrArya ke putra cikArya ne jo sundara evaM unnala jinabhavana banavAyA thA, usake lie usake putroM nAgArya aura arasArya ne candikAvATa ke senAnvayI pUjyapAda kumArasena ke praziSya aura vIrasena ke ziSya kanakasena muni ko kandavarmamAla kSetra meM tathA anyatra bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa| usI avasara para ukta jinAlaya ke lie aDiyo ta ne bhI dAna diyA thaa| isI rASTrakUTa nareza ke prazraya meM kannar3I bhASA ke jaina mahAkavi guNadarbha ne apane harivaMza purANa kI racanA kI thI / indra tRtIya (914-922 I.)- kRSNa dvitIya kI apanI prAka vRddhAvasthA meM hI rAjya prApta huA thA aura usake putra jagattuMga kI mRtyu usake jIvanakAla meM hI ho gayI thI, ataeva kRSNa ke uparAnta usakA pautra indra tRtIya nityavarSa rakandarpa rAjA huaa| usane mAlavA ke upendra paramAra ko parAjita karake apane adhIna kiyA aura deza ke cAlukyoM ko bhI apanI adhInatA svIkAra karane para vivaza kiyaa| kannauja ke mahIpAla ko bhI usane yuddha meM parAjita kiyA batAyA jAtA hai| usake durdhara senApati narasiMha aura zrIvijaya donoM hI jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| zrIvijaya kA viruda 'arivinagoja' thA, aura yaha zreSTha kavi bhI thA - zastra aura zAstra donoM hI vidyAoM meM advitIya samajhA jAtA thaa| jIvana ke antima bhAga meM saMsAra kA parityAga karake vaha jaina muni ho gayA thaa| rASTrakUTa indra tRtIya itanA bhArI dAnI thA ki 914 I. meM kurandhaka nAmaka sthAna meM jaba usakA pabandhotsava manAyA gayA to kahA jAtA hai ki usane vividha dharmaguruoM, dharmAyatanoM aura yAcakoM ko cAra sau grAma dAna meM diye the| usake vajIrakher3A tAmrazAsana meM likhA hai ki usako jananI lakSmIdevI cedinareza kokkala ko pautrI aura zaMkaramaNa kI putrI tathA cAlukya sinduka kI dauhitrI thI, aura pitA kRSNarAja kA mahAparAkramI, himAMzu-vaMzatilaka putra rAjakumAra jagattuMga thA jisane aneka zatruoM kA darpadalana kiyA thaa| lekha meM svayaM indra kI prazasti aura usake aneka viruddhoM ko dene ke uparAnta likhA hai ki usane rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa meM virAjate hue aura apane pabandhotsava (rAjyAbhiSeka) ke rASTrakUTa- cola - uttaravartI cAlukya kalacuri : 123

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nirvina sampAdana se Anandita hole hue apane rASTrapati, viSayapati, grAmakaTamuktaka, niyuktaka, adhikArika, mahattara Adi vividha prazAsana adhikAriyoM ko sambodhana karake kahA thA ki ve usakA Adeza suneM aura sarvatra pracArita kara deM ki samrAT ne uparyukta upalakSya meM apane mAtA-pitA ke evaM svayaM apane puNya aura yaza kI abhivRddhi ke lie, usake pUrvapuruSoM vAsa devabhoga evaM anahAra nimitta jo dAnAdi pUrvakAla meM diye gaye the, unakI yaha puSTi karatA hai aura svayaM bosa lAkha dravya (mudrAe~) tathA pacAsa se adhika grAmoM kA SaSThAMza (rAjyakara) usI hetu arpita karatA hai| isI prasaMga meM zaka 885 (san 914 I.) kI phAlguna zuklA saptamI zukravAra ko usane nitya kI baliyaru-satra-tapovana ke santarpaNArtha, devaguru kI pUjArtha tathA khaNDa-sphuTita sampAdanArtha cansanapuripattana meM sthita basadi (jinamandira evaM saMsthAna ke lie do grAma dravisaMghavIragaNa cInIyAnvaya ke varddhamAna garu ke ziSya lokabhadra muni ko samarpita kiye the| usI ke vajIrakher3A se prApta dUsare tAmrazAsana ke anusAra inhIM guru ko baDamagarapasana kI asadi ke lie chaha grAma pradAna kiye gaye the| lagatA hai ki yaha saMsthA vATanagara kI yA bAraNAmapura ko vahI prAIna ghandraprabhu-baladi thI jisake saMsthApaka aura prathama' adhiSThAtA dhavalAkAra vIrasena svAmI the| ina donoM dAna-prazastiyoM ke racayitA koI kavi rAjazekhara the| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki apane pUrvajoM kI bhA~ti rASTrakUTa indra tRtIya bhI jinendra kA bhakta thaa| apane abhISTa kI prApti kI icchA se usane bhagavAn zAntinAtha kA eka pASANanirmita sundara pAda-pITha bhI banavAyA thaa| dharmAtmA rAnI jakkiyace -isI yuga kI eka ullekhanIya jaina mahilA-ratna thii| rASTrakUra samrAT kRSNa dvitIya (kannAdeva) ke samaya meM, 911 I. meM, banavAsi-12,000 prAnta kA zAsaka mahAsAmanta kalibirasa thA, jo sambhavatayA baMkeyaputra lokAditya kA uttarAdhikArI thaa| usake adhIna mAgarapaSTa-70 kA nAlagAyuSaSTa (sAmanta) sattarasa nAgArjuna thaa| usa varSa, sambhavatayA kisI yuddha meM nAgArjuna kI mRtyu ho gayI to samrAT ne usakI patnI jaskiyAthe ko usake sthAna meM nAgarakhaNDa evaM abutabUra kI mAlagAkuNDa aura sAmanta niyukta kiyaa| yaha mahilA uttama prabhazaktiyukta, jinendra zAsana kI bhakta aura apanI yogyatA evaM saundarya ke lie prasiddha thii| apanI vIratA aura parAkrama ke ucita marda se gauravAnvita isa mahilA ne kuzalatApUrvaka sAta-ATha varSa paryanta apane pada kA saphala nirvAha kiyA aura apane pradeza kA suzAsana kiyA / anta meM, 918 I. meM, indra tRtIya ke zAsana kAla maiM vaha rugNa ho gayI to zarIra aura bhogoM ko kSaNabhaMgura jAna, apanI putrI ko khalAyA aura use apanI sampatti evaM padabhAra sauMpa diyA aura svayaM khadAna ke tIrtha kI asadi meM jAkara pUrI zraddhA ke sAtha sallekhanAvratapUrvaka deha kA tyAga kiyaa| isa basadi (jinAlaya) kA nAma jakkali basadi thA aura saMmbhavatayA yaha svayaM jakkiyabbe 124 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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dvAsa nirmApita thii| usane usa basati ke lie cAra mattala dhAnya kA kSetra bhI dAna diyA thaa| cikkahanasoge ke rAmezvara mandira meM prApta eka zilAlekha meM ullikhita jakkiyo bhI yahI pratIta hotI hai| ukta lekha meM use nAgakumAra nAmaka eka mahAn boddhA kI bhAryA batAyA hai aura likhA hai ki isa bhakta zrAvikA ne, jo apane guNoM ke kAraNa rohiNI se bhI bar3ha gayI thI, zarIra kI azucitA, mazvaratA evaM heyatA kA bhAna karake, prasannatA ke sAtha samAdhimaraNapUrvaka paraloka yAtrA kI thii| rASTrakUTa kRSNa tRtIya akAlavarSa (995-967 I.)-indra tRtIya ke uparAnta kramazaH tIna rAje aura hue aura tadanantara amoghavarSa tRtIya baddiga kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI yaha kRSNa tRtIya rASTrakUToM ke siMhAsana para baitthaa| vaha isa baMza ke antima narezoM meM sarvamahAn thaa| gaMganarezoM ke sAtha kaI vivAha sambandha sthApita karake unheM usane apanA parama hitu aura sahAyaka banA liyA thaa| gaMganareza bhUtuga dvitIya, mAladeva, mArasiMha Adi ne tathA unake suprasiddha senApati vIra cAmuNDarAya ne kRSNa ke lie aneka yuddha saphalatApUrvaka lar3e aura usakI vijayapatAkA cahuMora phhraayii| kRSNa ke karahAi tAmrapatra (959 I.) usa samaya likhe gaye the jaba samrAT apane melapATi (melADi) ke sainyazivira meM ThaharA huA jIle hue pradeza, dhana, ratna Adi apane sAmantoM aura anugatoM meM udAratApUrvaka bA~Ta rahA thaa| vaha svayaM bhI eka vIra yoddhA, dakSa senAnI, mitroM ke prati udAra, vidvAnoM kA Adara karanevAlA, dharmAtmA pratIcI nareusane rAya auraNArI pratiSThA ko girate-girate bcaayaa| apane adhikAMza pUrvajoM kI bhAMti vaha jainadharma kA poSaka thaa| jainAcArya vAdiggala bhaTTa kA bar3A sammAna karatA thaa| yaha vividha viSaya vizeSajJa, adbhuta pratimAsampanna AcArya gaMga mArasiMha ke guru the| unakA rAjanItiviSayaka jJAna aisA agAdha aura saTIka thA ki vallabharAja (kRSNa tRtIya) kI rAjadhAnI aura rAjasamA ke samasta vidvAnoM ne unakI mahattA svIkAra karake unheM sammAnita kiyA thaa| svayaM samrAT kRSNarAja unase atyadhika prabhAvita thA aura unhIM kI mantraNA evaM samajhe ke phalasvarUpa vaha apane yuddhoM meM tathA vibhinna pradezoM kI vijaya karane meM saphala huA thaa| samrATa ke samasta maNDalIka aura sAmanta bhI isI kAraNa ina AcArya kA atyadhika Adara karate the| kRSNa tRtIya 'zAntipurANa' aura jinAkSara mAle' ke rathapitA kannar3a ke jaina mahAkavi ponma (patrimavya) ko "umayammApAcakravartI kI upAdhi dekara sammAnita kiyA thA evaM prazraya diyA thaa| jainAcArya indranandi ne 'jvAlamAlinIkalpa' mAnyakheTa meM 939 I. meM racA thaa| AcArya somadeva ne apane nItivAkyAmRta, yazastilakacayU (959 I.) Adi prasiddha granthoM kI racanA bhI isI samrAT ke eka cAlukya sAmanta ke prazraya meM gaMbhadhAra nagara meM kI thii| samrATa ke pradhAna mantrI bharata aura unake gutra nanna apagraMza bhASA ke jaina mahAkavi puSpadanta ke prazrayadAtA the| puSpadanta ne kRSNarAja kA ullekha 'tuGigu mahAnubhAva' nAma se kiyA rASTrakUTa-cola-usarabatI cAlukya-kaladhuri : 125

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hai aura nAgakumAracarita meM mAnyakheTa ko 'zrIkRSNarAja ke khaga ke kAraNa durgama' kahA mahAmAtya bharata aura mantrI namra-rASTrakUra kRSA tRtIya ke mahAmantrI bharata jaina dharmAvalambI kauNDinyagotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitAmaha kA nAmma aNayyA, pitA kA evaNa aura mAtA kA zrIdevI thaa| inakI patnI kA nAma kundavyA aura suputra kA nAma nanna thaa| brAhmaNajAtIya hone ke kAraNa vaha bharatamaha bhI kahalAte the| yaha mahAmAtyoM ke hI vaMza meM utpanna hue the, kintu kisI kAraNa se unake katipaya nikaTa pUrvaja padacyuta rahe the| bharata ne apanI yogyatA, svAmibhakti evaM tejasvitA ke bala para vaha pada punaH prApta kara liyA thaa| apabhraMza bhASA ke mahApurANa, nAgakumAracarita Adi granthoM ke rayitA mahAkavi puSpadanta ke yaha praznayadAtA the, ataeva kavi ne sthAna-sthAna para inakA guNAnuvAda kiyA hai| kavi ke zabdoM meM mahAmAtya bharata anavarata racita-jinanAtha-bhakti aura jinavara-samaya-prAsAda-stambha the, samasta kalAoM evaM vidyAoM meM kuzala the, prAkRta kaviyoM kI racanAoM para mugdha (prAkRta-kavikAvya-rasAyalubdha) the| unhoMne sarasvatI-surabhi kA dugdhadhAna kiyA thA, lakSmI ke cahete the, satyapratijJa aura nirmAtsara the| samrATa ke yuddhoM kA bhAra Dhote-Dhote unake kandhe ghisa gaye the| vaha asthata manohara, kaviyoM ke lie kAmadhena, dIna-dukhiyoM kI AzA pUrI karanevAle, sarvatra prasiddha, parastrIparAGmukha, saccaritra, unnatamati aura sujanoM ke uddhAraka the| unakA raMma sA~valA thA, hAthI kI sai-jaisI bhujAe~ thIM, aMga suDaula the, netra sundara the aura vaha sadA prasanna mukha rahate the| vaha aise udAra aura dAnI the ki 'ali, jImUtavAhana, dadhIci Adi ke svargagata ho jAne se tyAga guNa agatyA bharata mantrI meM hI Akara nivAsa karane lagA thaa| unake guNoM kI ginatI nahIM thI aura na unake zatruoM kii| bhavyAtmA bharata ne vApI, kUpa, taDAkha, jinAlaya Adi banayAnA sthagita karake kavi se mahApurANa kI racanA karAyI jo saMsAra-sAgara se pAra hone ke lie maukA ke samAna hai| kavi puSpadanta jo svayaM 'abhimAna-meru' kahalAtA thA, bar3A mAnI aura kar3ave mijAjJa kA thA, kisI kI bhI prazaMsA yA cApalUsI karanA usake lie atyanta duSkara thaa| vaha kahatA hai ki "aise (bharata jaise) vyakti kI vandanA karane ko bhalA kisakA mana na cAhegA?" mahAkavi puSpadanta kI mitratA ke kAraNa mahAmantrI parata kA gRha vidyA-vinoda kA sthala bana gayA thA, vahA~ pAThaka aura vAcaka nirantara par3hate, guNI gAyaka gAna karate aura lekhaka sundara kAvya likhate the| vaha bharata vallabharAja kRSNa tRtIya ke mahAmAtya, dAnamantrI aura kaTakAdhipa (senApati) bhI the| zaka 881 (san 950 I.) meM, jaba samrATa melapArTI meM apanA vijayaskandhAvAra (chAvanI) DAle par3A thA, mahAkavi ne mantrIrAja bharata se melapATI ke udyAna meM bheMTa kI thii| taba se vAha unhIM ke Azraya meM rahe aura unhIM kI preraNA se unhoMne apanA mahApurANa rakara 905 I. meM pUrNa kiyA thaa| mahAmAtya bharata ke suyogya suputra natra 126 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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svayaM samrAra ke gRhamantrI the, aura apane pitA ko hI bhA~ti mahAni ke bhakta aura prazrayadAtA the| apane nAgakumAracarita kI racanA kavi ne mantrIzvara mantra ke mandira (mahala) meM rahate hue, unhIM ke lie evaM unhIM ke nAmAMkita kI thii| mantrIrAja mantra kI prazaMsA meM kavi ne likhA hai ki yaha prakRti ke saumya the, unakI kIrti sAre loka meM vyApta thii| unhoMne aneka jinamandira banavAye the| jinacaraNoM ke vaha bhramara the aura jinendra kI pUjA meM nirasta raharizAsana ke rakSaka niyoM ko dAna dene meM sahA tatpara the, bAharI evaM bhItarI ubhaya zatruoM kA damana karanevAle the, dayAvAna the, dInoM ke lie zaraNa the, rAjyalakSmI ke krIr3A-sarobara, sarasvatI ke nilaya, vidvAnoM ke sAtha vidhA-vinoda meM nirata, zuddha hRdaya the| kRSNa tRtIya ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ke samaya meM bhI nanna rAjyamantrI bane rahe, pratIta hote haiN| sana 972 I. ko mAnyakheTa kI lUTa evaM vidhyasa kA mahAkavi puSpadanta ne A~khoM dekhA bar3A karuNa varNana kiyA hai| kintu usa lUTa Adi se mantrIrAja nanna kI samRddhi meM vizeSa antara nahIM par3A pratIta hotA hai| puSpadanta svayaM brAhmaNa the tathA zaiva mAtA-pitA kI santAna the, kintu eka digambara jaina guru ke upadeza se jaina ho gaye the, aura anta meM unhoMne saMnyAsapUrvaka maraNa kiyA thaa| khoTiga nityavarSa (967-972 I.)...kRSNa tRtIya kI mRtyu ke pazcAta usakA choTA bhAI rASTrakUTa siMhAsana para baitthaa| isa nareza ne arhat zAntinAtha ke nitya abhiSeka ke lie pASANa kI eka sundara caukI banavAkara saparpita kI thI, aisA dAnavalapAI ke jinamandira ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai| isI mareza ke sAmanta paDDiga meM, jo bAtApi ke cAlukyanareza vikramAditya kA vaMzaja thA aura isa samaya kadambalime prAnta kA zAsaka evaM sAmanta thA, apanI bhAryA akkisundarI dvArA kAkambala meM nirmApita bhavya jinAlaya ke lie kAlagaNAcArya aSTopavAsI bhaTTAra ke ziSya rAmacandra mAra ko do grAma pradAna kiye the| yaha dAna 98 I. meM diyA gayA thaa| isI nareza ke samaya meM 971 I. ke suprasiddha rAja-tapasthimI AryikApA-bacce ne, jo gaMganareza kutuga dvitIya kI bar3I bahana thIM, samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| kaDUra meM durgadvAra ke nikaTa eka stampa para ukta punIta smRti meM aMkita zilAlekha meM likhA hai ki usa rAjanandinI evaM rAjarAnI ne nirbhayatA ke sAtha svahasta se kezaloMca karake AryikA ko dIkSA lI thI aura tadanantara tapa-niyama meM nirata rahate tIsa varSa saka Adarza tapasvinI kA jIvana vitAyA thA-yaha devI yama-niyama-svAdhyAya-dhyAnamaunAnuSThAna-parAyaNa thii| lekha usake tIna putroM ne akita karAyA thaa| samAdhimaraNa ke pUrva jaba unhoMne mAtuzrI se pUchA ki hamAre lie kyA AjJA hai to usa nirIha tapasvinI ne kahA ki "jo kucha kabhI mujhe prApta huA yA maiMne grahaNa kiyA, usa samasta antaraMga bahiraMga parigraha kA maiMne pUrNatayA parityAga kara diyA hai, jaise ki vaha kucha mujhe kabhI prApta huA hI nahIM thaa| rASTrakUTa cola utsaravartI cAlukya-kalacuri :: 127

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jiboToM zurabhI sahAyaka gimArA aura sanApatti cAmuNDarAya anyatra buddhoM meM ulajhe hue the to mAlavA ke siyaka harSa paramAra ne rAjadhAnI mAnyakheTa para dhAvA karake use jI-bhara lUTA aura vidhvasta kiyA / khoSTiga nityavarSa bhI sambhavatayA isI yuddha meM mArA gyaa| sUcanA pAte hI mArasiMha daur3A AyA, kintu usase pahale hI paramAra senA jA cukI thii| khoTTima kA putra karka dvitIya {972-73 I.) rAjA huA, kintu cAlukya tailapa ne use yuddha meM mArakara rASTrakUTa rAjadhAnI para adhikAra kara liyaa| indra caturtha-rASTrakUTa vaMza kA antima nareza thaa| yaha kRSNa tRtIya kA pAtra tathA gaMgamArasiMha kA bhAnajA thaa| vaha bhArI vora aura yoddhA thA tathA caugAna (polo) ke khela meM nipuNa thaa| mArasiMha ne use apane pUrvajoM kA rAjya prApta karane meM bharasaka sahAyatA dI aura eka bAra to mAnyakheDa meM usakA rAjyAbhiSeka bhI kara diyaa| kintu aba rASTrakUToM kA sUrya astaprAya thaa| svayaM mArasiMha meM 774 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kara liyA thaa| ataeva nissahAya indrarAja kucha varSoM taka prayatna karane ke bAda saMsAra se virakta ho gayA aura chavaNabelagola calA gyaa| hemAvatI tathA zravaNabelagola kI candragiri kI gandhavAraNa basadi ke zilAlekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki yaha rAjA bar3A bIra thaa| isane aneka yuddhoM meM kIrti arjita kI thI aura anta maiM zaka 14 (san 982 I.) kI caitrazuklA aSTamI momavAra ke dina citrabhAnu nakSatra meM, nirAkula citta se bratoM kA pAlana karate hue isa jana-pUjita indrarAja ne amarendra kI mahAvibhUti ko prApta kiyA thA arthAt samAdhimaraNapUrvaka vaha svargastha huA thaa| usI ke sAtha mahApratApI rASTrakUToM kI sattA aura prAyaH vaMza bhI samApta hue| lagabhaga DhAI sau varSa ke rASTrakUTa yuga meM jainadharma, vizeSakara usakA digambara sampradAya, sampUrNa dakSiNApatha meM sarvapradhAna dharma thaa| DaoN. Allekara ke matAnusAra rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya kI lagabhaga do-tihAI janatA tathA rASTrakUTa narezoM evaM unake parivAra ke vibhinna strI-puruSoM meM se aneka tathA unake adhInastha rAjAoM, uparAjAoM, sAmanta-saradAroM, undhapadAdhikAriyoM, rAjyakarmacAriyoM, mahAjanoM aura zreSThiyoM meM se adhikatara loga isI dharma ke anuyAyI the| lokazikSA bhI jaina guruoM evaM basadiyoM dvArA saMcAlita hotI thii| apane isa mahata prabhAva ke phalasvarUpa jainadharma ne janajIvana kI prazaMsanIya naitika unnati kI, rAjanIti ko prANavAna banAyA aura bhAratIya saMskRti kI sarvatomukhI abhivRddhi ko / unakA suspaSTa mata hai ki isa buma ke amoghavarSa prabhRti jainanarezoM aura unake caMkeya, zrIvijaya, narasiMha, cAmuNDarAya jaise pracaNDa jaina senApattiyoM ne pUre dakSiNa bhArata para hI nahIM, pUrvI, pazcimI evaM madhya 'bhArata tathA uttarApatha ke madhyadeza paryanta apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAyI aura bar3e-bar3e raNakSetroM meM yamarAja ko khulakara bhayaMkara bhoja diye / unakA jainadharma ina kAryoM meM tanika bhI bAdhaka nahIM huaa| ataeva yaha kahanA yA mAnanA ki jaimadharma ne logoM 12 :: pramukha aitizAsaka jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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pA ko kAyara banA diyA aura isI kAraNa musalamAna Adi videzI AkramaNakAriyoM ke sammukha bhArata kI patana huAo, yo prAnta evaM avadhArtha hai| bhArata ke patana kA kAraNa jainadharma kadApi nahIM huaa| uttaravartI cola-nareza ___SIM zatI I. meM vijayAlama cola ne taMcAjara (taMjaura) ko rAjadhAnI banAkara apane vaMza kI sthApanA kI aura cola rAjya kA punarutthAna kiyaa| usake paMza meM rAja-rAjA kesarivarmana cAla (985-1016 I.) isa vaMza kA sarvamahAna nareza thaa| vaha bar3A pratamI aura bhArI vijetA thA / laMkA kA bhI eka bar3A bhAga jItakara usane apane rAjya meM milA liyA thA aura samudra pAra ke kaI anya dvIpoM para bhI adhikAra kara liyA thaa| jaina mahAkavi dhanapAla ke tilakarmajarI kAvya meM samaraketu ko samudrI yAtrA kA varNana aneka vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra rAjarAjA cola ke hI sudUrapUrva ke kisI dvIpa yA deza para kiye gaye samudrI AkramaNa kI taiyArI kA sajIva varNana hai| kyA Azcarya hai jo paramAroM ke mAlavA kA yaha kavi rAjarAjA se bhI sammAnita huA ho aura ukta abhiyAna ke samaya cola rAjadhAnI meM upasthita ho| yaha nareza sAmAnyatayA zaivadharma kA anuyAyI thA, kintu sAtha hI bahuta udAra aura dharmasahiSNu thaa| usake rAjya meM jainoM para koI atyAcAra nahIM huA, varan vidvAnoM kA to vaha mata hai ki usake samaya meM jainoM ko zaiyoM ke samAna hI rAjyAzraya prApta thA aura usake sAmrAjya meM jainadharma unnata avasthA meM thaa| jainatIdha paMcapANDayamalai ke 992 I. ke tamila zilAlekha ke anusAra isa nareza ke eka bar3e uparAjA lATarAja vIra ghola ne apanI rAnI lATamahAdevI ko prArthanA para tirupAnamalai ke jinadevatA ko eka grAma kI Aya samarpita kI thii| isI nareza ke 21 varSa meM, 1005 I. meM, guNavIra muni ne Apane guru gaNizekhara upAdhyAya kI smRti meM eka nahara banavAyI thii| usakA putra rAjendra cola (1016-42 I.) suyogya pitA kA suyogya putra thA, kintu pIche se jainadharma kA vidveSI ho gayA kahA jAtA hai, tathApi cikkahanasoge ke 1025 I. ke lagabhama ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra yahA~ ke dezImaNa-pustakagaccha ke eka jainamandira kA nAma rAjendra cola-jinAlaya thA jo isa rAjA dvArA banavAyA gayA thA aura usI ke samaya meM 1025 I. meM paripaparyata tirumalai ke zikhara para sthita kundazva-jinAlaya ko dAna diyA gayA thA jo kundava nAma kI rAjamahilA dvArA nirmApita thA / vaha rAjarAjA cola kI putrI, rAjendra cola kI bahana aura vimalAditya cAlukya kI rAnI thii| tatpazcAt rAjAdhirAja aura adhirAjendra kramazaH gaddI para baitthe| antima nareza ko 1074 I. meM usake bhAnaje koluttuMga ne, jo iMgi ke cAlukya vaiza meM utpanna huA , mArakara coloM kA siMhAsana hastagata kara liyA aura cola evaM cAlukya donoM rAjyoM ko sammilita karake una para apanA ekacchatra zAsana sthApita kara liyaa| rASTrakUTa-dhIla-uttaravartI cAlukya-kalavarI :: 24

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koluttuMga ghola (1074-1123 I.)-bar3A dhatura, vIra aura parAkramI thaa| usane kaliMgadeza para bhI vijaya pAyI / isa vijayayAtrA kA sajIva varNana tamila ke prasiddha mahAkAvya kalaMgaTparami meM prApta hotA hai, jisake racayitA kolusaMga cokha ke pramukha rAjakavi jayagodana the jo jainadhanAnuvAyI the| samrATa svayaM jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA aura usake prazraya meM aneka jaina dhArmika evaM sAhityika kArya hue| usane apane pUrvaja rAjendra cIla dvArA maimUra Adi pradezoM meM naSTa kiye gaye jinamandiroM kA bhI jIrNoddhAra krvaayaa| isa mareza ke bhaya se palAyana karake hI vaiSNavAcArya rAmAnuja ne hoyasalanareza viSNuvardhana kI zaraNa lI thii| kottuMga ke Azraya meM aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne sAhitya sRjana kiyaa| usane apane rAjya meM samasta niSiddha padArthoM kA jAyAta banda kara diyA thaa| prAcIna bhArata ke caritravAn narezoM maiM kortuma ghola kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| usake pazcAta usakA caturtha putra akalaka (vikrama yA triyAsamuda) siMhAsana ___41 thara the| usane apane pitA kI padAnusaraNa kiyaa| usakI rAjasabhA bhI vidvAnoM aura guNiyoM se bharI rahatI thii| taduparAnta isa vaMza meM koI anya jainanareza nahIM huaa| __ atigaimAna bera-rAjarAjA kA putra aura 'dhera deza kA zAsaka thA takaTA isakI rAjadhAnI thii| isa nareza ne tuNDIramaNDala meM sthita tirumale para jo 'arhata bhagavAna kA pavitra parvata' kahalAtA thA, yakSa-yakSI mUrtiyoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, praNAlI banavAyI, ghaNTA-dAna kiyA, ityaadi| yaha rAjakumAra sambhayatayA keralanoza eraNidhera ke vaMza kI rAjakumArI se utpanna thaa| lekha meM use vyAmukta-zravaNokadala kahA hai| kalyANI ke cAlukya--bAlApI ke pazcimI cAlukyoM kI rAjyasattA kA anna kIrtivarmana dvitIya ke sAtha 757 I. meM ho gayA thaa| usake cAcA bhImaparAkrama kI santati se utpanna tailapa dvitIya dvArA do sau varSa ke uparAnta cAlukya rAjyazrI kA punaH abhyutthAna huA, aura isa bAra itihAsa meM ve kalyANI ke uttaravartI sAlukya khlaaye| tailapa dvitIya Ahavamalla vAtApI ke cAlukyoM ke vaMza meM utpanna vikramAditya caturtha kA putra thA, aura 957 I. meM rASTrakUTa kRSNatIya ke adhIna saraddavAdI-1000 prAnta kA eka sAdhAraNa zreNI kA nirupAdhi zAsaka thA / ATha varSa ke bhItara hI apane sAhasa, parAkrama aura yuddha sevAoM ke bala para yaha samrATU kA kRpApAtra bana gayA aura usI tarahavAdI prAnta kA aNugajIvi (jAgIradAra, sAmanta evaM senAnAyaka) niyukta kara diyA gayA tathA satyAzrayavaMzI mahAsAmantAdhipatti thAlukyarAma Avamalla tailaparasa kahalAne lgaa| vIra aura mahattvAkAMkSI hone ke sAtha hI sAtha vaha catura bhI bahuta ra / 'usakI jananI bothAdevI cedinareza nakSmaNa kI putrI thii| svayaM apanA biyAha usane eka rASTrakUTavaMzI sAmanta yAmahA kI kanyA akabje L37 :: pragAna aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura pahilAe~

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aparanAma lakSmI ke sAtha kiyaa| apane ina do sambandhiyoM ke atirikta usane baiMminareza bahiga dvitIya, suyena deza ke yAdava bhillama dvitIya Adi anya kaI zaktizAlI mitra banA liye| rASTrakUToM kI pratyeka dubalatA kA vaha lAbha uThAne lgaa| dhalla nAmaka eka brAhmaNa saradAra kRSNa aura mArasiMha kA kopabhAjana banA to tailapa se A: milaa| yAnIvaMza kA vaha brAhmaNa mahAna yoddhA evaM vilakSaNa rAjanItijJa thaa| tailaya ne use mahAmantra-akSayapaTala-adhipAte kA pada dekara apane rAjasva vibhAga kA adhyakSa niyukta kiyaa| zanaiH-zanai: maMgalasiddhi, viveka-vRhaspati, sacivottama Adi anya upAdhiyA~ bhI use apane svAmI tailapadeza se prApta huI, aura vastutaH vaha isa navodita zakti kA zarAya mAnisa khabara meM yakSa evaM prazAsana-bhAra sauMpakara svayaM tailapa zatruoM ke damana, samya-vistAra aura zakti-saMvarddhana meM juTa gyaa| dhalla kA puna mahAdaNDanAcaka nAmadeva bhI mahAna yoddhA evaM kuzala senAnAyaka thaa| vaha donoM pitA-putra jaina dharmAnuyAyI rahe pratIta hote haiN| tailapa kA senApati parastapa tathA putra yuvarAja satyAzraya bhI atyanta yuddha-kuzala vIra the| sailapa ke bhAgyodaya meM ina sabakA sahayoga thaa| udhara rASTrakUToM kA bhAgya-sUrya astAcalagAmI chaa| paramAra sivaka dvArA 972 I. meM mAnyakheTa kI lUTa evaM vidhvaMsa, khohiMga kI hatyA aura tadanantara hI usa kSetra ko prasanevAle bhISaNa duSkAla ne telapa ko svarNa aksara pradAna kiyA aura 973 I. meM hI usane mAnyakheTa para AkramaNa karake aura usake svAmI karka dvitIya ko mArakara saSTrakUToM kI rAjadhAnI para apanA adhikAra kara liyA, kintu use apanI rAjadhAnI nahIM anAyA, barana usake sthAna meM apane vaMza. aura rAjya kI rAjadhAnI kalyANI ko banAyA, jahI 974 I. meM usane apanA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyaa| gaMza mArasiMha ke samAdhimaraNa kara lene para tathA kucha hI varSoM bAda rASTrakUTa indra caturtha ke bhI virakta ho jAne para usane gaMgoM ke mahAsenApati cAmuNDarAya ko bhI apanA mitra banA liyaa| dhIre-dhIre usane rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya ke antargata jilane pradeza the prAyaH saba para apanA prabhutva sthApita kara liyaa| jaba usake tIna hI prabala pratidvandvI bace the-taMjaura ke cola, baiMgi ke cAlakya aura mAlavA ke prbhaar| kahA jAtA hai ki muMja paramAra ne chaha bAra tailapa ke rAjya para AkramaNa kiyA aura pratyeka vAra parAjita hokara lauTA-antima bAra to vaha tailaya dvArA bandI banA liyA gayA / tailapa kI bahana mRNAlavatI se prema karake bandIgRha se nikala bhAgA, kintu pakar3A gayA aura mAra khAlA gyaa| baiMgi ke cAlukyoM ko bhI hailapa ce parAjita karake apane vaza meM kara liyaa| isa prakAra cAlukyoM kI rAjyalakSmI ko usake apahattA rASTrakUToM se chInakara punaH pratiSThita karanevAle isa dhIra tailaparasa dvitIya ahavamalla kA nidhana 997 I. meM huaa| yaha rAjA vidvAnoM aura mugI vyaktiyoM kA Adara karatA dhA, sarvadharmasahiSNa, udAra aura dAnI thaa| deza kI sAMskRtika paramparA ko usane pUrvadatta nidhi cAla aura prazasta rkhaa| jainadharma ke sAtha to usane vaisA hI zraddhA rASTrakUTa cola-uttaravartI cAlukya-madhuri :: 135

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evaM udAratApUrNa baratAva banAye rakhA, jaisA ki pUrvavartI gaMgoM, kadamboM, cAlukyoM aura saSTrakUToM ne banAye rakhA thaa| bellArI jile ke haDagalli tAluke ke koguli nAmaka sthAna meM sthita cennapAca-yasadi kA san 992 I. kA zilAlekha to sUcita karatA hai ki yaha nareza jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| isa lekha meM sailapa dvArA cola rAjA kI parAjaya kA bhI ullekha hai| kannaDa bhASA kA jaina mahAkavi ranna (ratnAkara) aba usakA rAjakavi thA- rana ke prArambhika AzrayadAtA cAmuNDarAya divaMgata ho cuke the| sana kA apasvAmarazilaka-mahAkAvya kI samApti para tailapadeva ne use 'kavi cakravartI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA thA aura svarNadaNDa, caivara, chatra, gaja Adi pradAna karake use puraskRta kiyA thaa| sAhasa-bhImArjuna, ratnakaraNDa Adi kAvya bhI ukta kaviratna ne sambhavatayA isI nareza ke prazraya meM race the| isI varSa 998 I. ke somasamudra zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki lokahita ke lie isa samrATa ne eka vizAla tAla kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura usake lie 'bittuvaSTa' bhUmi lagAyI thii| rAjAjJA kA ullaMghana karanevAloM ko usane yadi (jinamandira) kAzI, anya devAlaya Adi ko hAni pahu~cAnevAlA jaisA pAtakI evaM daNDanIya ghoSita kiyA thaa| isa sattI meM jinAlaya kA sarvaprathama ullekha hI jainadharma ke prati isa nareza kI AsthA prakaTa karatA hai| mahAsatI attimabbe kalyANI ke uttaravartI cAlukyoM ke vaMza evaM sAmrAjya kI sthApanA meM jina dharmAtmAoM ke puNya, AzIrvAda aura sadabhAvanAoM kA yoga rahA unameM sarvopari mahAsatI antimabve thIM, jinake zIla, AcaraNa, dhArmikatA, dharmaprabhAvanA, . sAhityasevA, baiduSya, pAtivratya, dAnazIlatA Adi sadguNoM ke utkRSTa Adarza se tailapadeya Ahavamalla kA zAsanakAla dhanya huaa| isa samrAT ke pradhAna senApati / mallapa kI yaha suputrI thiiN| vAjIvaMzIya pradhAnAmAtya mantrIzvara dhalla kI vaha putravadhU : thiiN| pracaNDa mahAdaNDamAyaka aura vIra nAmadeva kI baha priya palI thIM aura kuzala : prazAsanAdhikArI dhIra paTuyela taila kI svanAmadhanyA jananI thii| yuvarAja satyAzraya unake pati kA ananya mitra thA aura unako bar3I maujAI mAnakara atyanta Adara karatA thaa| svayaM sapATa telara unheM apane parivAra ko hI sammAnya sadasyA mAnatA thaa| eka bAra mAlavA kA suprasiddha paramAranareza vAkpatirAja muMja eka bhArI senA ke sAtha dhAvA mAratA huA tailapadeva ke rAjya meM bhItara taka ghusa AyA to cAlukya senA ne tatparatA ke sAtha usakA gatyavarodha kiyA aura phira use khader3ate hue usake rAjya mAlayA kI sImA ke bhItara taka usakA pIchA kiyaa| svayaM samrATa sailapadeva to godAvarI nada ke dakSiNI taTa para zivira sthApita karake vahIM ruka gayA, kintu usakI senA kI eka bar3I Tukar3I mahAdaNDanAyaka nAgadeva aura yuvarAja satyAzya ke netRtva meM nadI pAra karake paramAra senA kA pIchA karatI huI dUra taka calI gyii| isa bIca bhArI tUphAna AyA aura godAvarI meM bhayaMkara bAr3ha A gyii| uphanate hue mahAnada ne E32 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| cAlukya zivira meM bhArI bintA aura becanI vyApa gayI / mahArAja, mahAmantrI, senApati Adi tathA rAjaparivAra kI aneka mahilAe~ bhI zivira meM thIM jinameM attimadhye bhI thiiN| unakI tathA anya sabakI cintA svAbhAvika thii| nadI ke usa pAra gaye logoM meM se kauna aura kitane vApasa Ate haiM, aura kahIM paramAroM ne punaH bala pakar3akara unheM dhara dabAyA aura nadI taTa taka khader3a lAye to una sabake prANa jaaeNge| idhara se nadI kI bAr3ha ke kAraNa na unheM sahAyatA pahu~cAyI jA sakatI hai aura na ve svayaM aise tUfAnI nada ko pAra kara sakate haiN| viyama paristhiti thii| sabakI dRSTi nadI ke usa pAra lagI thii| pratIkSA ke kSaNa lambe hote jA rahe the| unakI samApti kA koI lakSaNa nahIM thA, ki akasmAt dekhA gayA ki jisa bAta kI AzaMkA thI prAyaH vahI ghaTita honevAlI thI / saMketavidyA meM sudakSa karmacAriyoM ne usa pAra kA samAcAra jJAta karake batAyA ki jitane loga mUlataH usa pAra gaye the, unameM se Adhe se bhI kama vApasa A pAye haiM, zeSa kheta rahe / jo Aye haiM, ve saphala hokara hI lauTe haiM- paramAroM ko dUra taka unakI sImA meM khader3akara hI lauTe haiM, so bhI vizeSakara isalie meM kA netRtva kara rahe the, gambhIra rUpa se Ahata ho gaye the| yaha bhI mAlUma huA ki yaha abhI jIvita to haiM kintu dazA vintAjanaka hai, isa samaya mUrcchita haiM, aura yaha samAcAra bhI abhI milA hai ki zatruoM ko bhI cAlukyoM kI isa vikaTa paristhiti kA bhAna ho gayA hai, aura vaha punaH inakI Toha meM vApasa A rahe haiN| ina samAcAroM se. cAlukya zivira meM jo udvignatA evaM cintA vyApa gayI vaha sahaja anumAna kI jA sakatI hai / vividha sainika viSayoM ke vizeSajJoM tathA anubhavI vRddhajanoM dvArA nAnA upAya sIdhe jAne lage, nAnAvidha prayatna bhI usa pAravAloM ko isa pAra lAne yA unheM Avazyaka sahAyatA pahu~cAne ke lie kiye jAne lge| kintu kSubdha prakRti kI bhayaMkara virodhI zaktiyoM ke viruddha koI upAya kAragara nahIM ho rahA thaa| vivazatA mu~ha bAye khar3I thii| samaya thA nahIM, jo honA thA, tatkAla honA thaa| itane meM mahArAja ne aura pArSadoM ne dekhA ki eka tejasvinI mUrti zivira ke antaHpura-kakSa se nikala dhIra gati ke sAtha unhIM kI ora calI A rahI hai| saba stabdha the-usane mahArAja ko, apane zvasura ko aura pitA ko praNAma kiyA, aura usI dhIra gati ke sAtha vIrabAlA attimabbarasi zivira ke mahAdvAra se bAhara nikalakara eka ucca sthAna para jA khar3I huii| logoM meM halacala huI, kinhIM ne kucha kahanA cAhA, kintu bola na niklaa| usake tejoprabhAva se abhibhUta mahArAja ke sAtha samasta darabArI jana bhI usake pIche-pIche bAhara nikala Aye jo mArga meM yA sAmane par3e AdarapUrvaka idhara-udhara haTate cale gye| mahAsatI ekAkI, nizcala khar3I thii| usake sudIpta mukhamaNDala evaM sampUrNa deha se eka alaukika teja phUTa rahA thaa| eka dRSTi usane mahAvikarAla ur3ate mahAnada para DAlI, jisa para se phisalatI huI yaha dRSTi rASTrakUTa bola- uttaravartI cAlukya - kalacuri :: 133

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usa pAra vyAkula hatAza khar3e sainikoM para garthI aura lauTa aayii| parama jinendrabhakta mahAsatI ne triyoga ekAna kara iSTadeva kA smaraNa kiyA aura usakI dhIra-gambhIra vANI sabane sunI-"yadi merI jinamakti avicala hai, yadi merA pAtivratya dharma akhaNDa haiM, aura yadi merI satyaniSThA akampanIya hai, to he pahAnadI godAvarI! maiM tujhe AjJA detI hU~ ki tesa pravAha utane samaya ke lie sarvathA sthira ho jAe jaba taka ki hamAre svajana usa pAra se isa pAra surakSita nahIM cale Ate!" ubhayataTavatI sahasroM netroM ne dekhA vaha adbhuta, abhUtapUrva camatkAra! sAtha hI, palaka mArate hI mahAnadI godAvarI ne saumya rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA, jala ekadama ghaTakara tala se jA lamA, nadI kA pravAha sthira ho gyaa| harSa, ullAsa aura jayadhvani se dim-diganta vyApta ho gyaa| kucha hI dera pazcAt, zivira ke eka kakSa meM saunsaka ghAta se Ahata vIra nAgadeva apanI priyA kI goda meM sira rakhe, prasanna hRdaya se antima zvAse le rahA thaa| kakSa ke bAhara svajana-parimana samasta punaH AzA-nirAzA ke bIca jhUla rahe the| godAvarI phira se apane pracaNDa' rUpa meM A cukI thI aura usa pAra khar3I zatru kI senA hAtha mala rahI thii| vIra nAgadeva ne vIragati prApta kii| pativiyuktA satI ne apUrva dhairya ke sAtha svayaM ko sa~bhAlA aura eka Adarza, udAsIna, dharmAtmA zrAyikA ke rUpa meM ghara meM rahakara hI zeSa jIvana vyatIta kiyaa| svarNa evaM maNi-mANikyAdi maharya kamI kI 500 ji prAlimA basavAvara vicAroM meM pratiSThApita kI thIM, aneka jinAlayoM kA nirmANa evaM jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA, aura AhAra-abhaya-auSadha-vidyA rUpa cAra prakAra kA dAna anavarata detI rahane ke kAraNa vaha 'dAna-cintAmaNi' kahalAyI thii| ubhayabhASAcakravartI mahAkavi ponna ke zAntipurANa (kannaDI) kI svadravya se eka sahala pratiyoM likhAkara usane vibhinna zAstramaNDAroM Adi meM vitarita kI thiiN| svayaM samrAT etaM yuvarAja kI isa devI ke dharmakAryoM meM anumati, sahAyatA evaM prasannatA thii| sarvatra usakA apratima sammAna aura pratiSThA thii| ukta ghaTanA ke lagabhaga eka sI varSa pazcAt bhI (1116 I. ke zilAlekhAnusAra) hoyasalanareza ke mahAparAkramI senApatti gaMgarAja ne mahAsatI atimabbe dvArA godAvarI pravAha ko sthira kara dene kI sAkSI dekara hI umpar3atI huI kAverI nadI ko zAnta kiyA thaa| zilAlekha meM kahA gayA hai ki vizva mahAn jinabhakta attimathvarasi kI prazaMsA isIlie karatA hai ki usake AjJA dete hI usake tejoprabhAva se godAvarI kA pravAha taka ruka gayA thaa| AnevAlI zatAbdiyoM meM vAcaladeyI, bammaladevI, lokkaladevI Adi aneka parama jinabhakta mahilAoM kI tulanA isa Adarza nArI-ratna tima ke sAtha kI jAtI thii| kisI satavantI, dAnazIlA yA dharmAtmA mahilA kI sabase bar3I prazaMsA yaha mAnI jAtI thI ki 'yaha to dUsarI antimabbe hai' athavA 'abhinava attimabbe' hai| DaoN. bhAskara Ananda mAnatora ke zabdoM meM "jaina itihAsa ke mahilA jagata meM sarvAdhika pratiSThita prazaMsita nAma antimacche hai|" kahA jAtA hai ki eka 134 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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bAra grISma Rtu meM vaha jaba zravaNabelagola meM gommaTa-svAmI kA darzana karane ke lie parvata para car3ha rahI thI to tIkhI dhUpa se santapta ho socane lagI ki isa samaya varSA ho jAtI aura tatkAla AkAza para megha chA gaye tathA varSA hone lgii| satI asIma bhakti se bhagavAna kI pUjA kara santuSTa huii| satyAzraya iriva beDega (997-1009 I.) ne apane pitA tailapa dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM hI apanI vIratA, parAkrama aura raNakauzala ke lie khyAti prApta kara lI thii| pitA kI AkramaNakArI nIti hI usane cAlU rakhI, kintu yathAvasara raNa ke sthAna meM nIti kA bhI upayoga kiyA, pi ko dabAyA to rAjarAjA cola se maitrI-sandhi bhI kara lii| usake samaya meM sAmrAjya kI zakti aura samRddhi meM kucha vRddhi hI huI; hAni nahIM huii| isa nareza ke guru kundakundAnvaya ke dramilasaMdhI trikAlamaunI bhaTTAraka ke ziSya bimalacandra paNDitadeva the, kintu unakA samAdhimaraNa usake yauvarAjya kAla meM 990 I. ke lagabhaga hI ho gayA pratIta hotA hai| aMgaDi nAmaka sthAna meM ukta paNDitadeva kI eka anya gRhastha ziSyA habumbe kI choTI bahana zAntipathye meM guru kI puNya smRti meM eka smAraka nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha tathya usI sthAna se prApta eka zilAlekha se prakaTa hai| usI lekha meM ukta gurudeva ke guNoM kI prazaMsA karate hue likhA hai ki vaha zrImad irivadheDeMga ke guru the| rASTrakUTa indrarAja caturtha ke samAdhiviSayaka zilAlekha meM bhI, jo hemAvatI nAmaka sthAna se prApta huA hai, jisa elek-ber3eMga ke sAtha indrarAja ke zaurvapUrNa yuddhoM kA varNana hai yaha bhI yahI cAlukya yuvarAja hI thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki rAjanItika pratidvandvitA aura raNakSetrIya zatrutA ke bAvajUda yaha donoM yuvA vIra eka-dUsare ke guNoM para mugdha the aura antataH acche mitra ho gaye the| satyAzraya ke anya guru usI dramilasaMgha ke kanakasenavAdirAja aura zrIvijaya oDeyadeva the| usakA pradhAna rAjyAdhikArI usake parama mitra nAgadeva aura devI antimaJce kA supUtra paduvela tela thA jo apanI lokapUjita jananI kA ananya bhakta hone ke sAtha hI sAtha parama svAmibhakta, suyogya, svakAryadakSa evaM jinendrabhakta thaa| ramna aura ponna donoM hI mahAkaviyoM kA yaha bhI prazrayadAtA thaa| svayaM samrAT satyAzraya iriva beDeMsa bhI jinabhakta thA, isa viSaya meM koI sandeha nahIM hai| jayasiMha dvitIya jagadekamalla (1014-1042 I.)-isa vaMza kA pA~coM nareza thA aura satyAzraya ke anuja dazayA kA tRtIya putra thaa| kucha vidvAn ise jayasiMha tatIya kahate haiM aura isakA rAjyArambha 1018 I. meM haA mAnate haiN| jagadekamalla, cAlukyacakI, mallikAmoda Adi usake viruda the| dhArA kA paramAra bhojadeva aura taMjaura kA rAjendra cola usake prabala pratidvandI the| donoM se hI usake yuddha hue aura antataH donoM ke hI sAtha usane maitrI sandhiyA~ kara lI thii| vaha acchA pratApI nareza thA, aura jainadharma kA vizeSa bhakta thaa| aneka jaina vidvAnoM aura guruoM kA usane rASTrakUTa-cola-uttaravartI cAlukpa-kalacuri : 133

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sammAna kiyA thA tathA sAhitya sRjana ko prabhUta protsAhana diyA thaa| AcArya vAdirAjasUri kA vaha bar3A Adara karatA thaa| usakI rAjyasabhA meM paravAdiyoM ke sAtha usa AcArya ne aneka zAstrArya kiye the, aura ukta bAda vijayoM ke upalakSya meM samrAT ne unheM svamudrAyukta 'jayapatra' diyA yA tathA 'jagadekamallavAdI' upAdhi pradAna kI thii| unhIM vAdirAja ne isI nareza ke prazrayaM meM 1025 I. meM apane suprasiddhakAvya 'pArzvacarita' kI racanA kI thii| isa grantha meM AcArya ne nareza kA ullekha 'jayasiMha', 'cAlukyacakI', 'siMha cakrezvara' Adi rUpoM meM kiyA hai| unhoMne apanA 'yazodharacarita' bhI isI nareza ke Azraya meM racA thA aura usameM 'raNamukhajayasiMha' rUpa meM usakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 'ekIbhAvastIva', 'nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa Adi anya grantha bhI ina AcArya ne race haiN| zravaNabelagola ke malliSeNa- prazasti nAmaka prasiddha zilAlekha ke anusAra yaha vAdirAja drapilasaMghI matisAgara guru ke bAlabrahmacArI ziSya the, cAlukya cakrezvara jayasiMha dvArA, pUjita the aura usI ke jayakaTaka meM inhoMne 1077 3. ke samasta vAdiyoM kA garva kharva kiyA thA / humacca kI pacavasati ke jo zilAlekha meM unheM 'sarvajJakalpa' kahA hai| 'SaTtarkaSaNmukha' aura 'jagadekamallavAdI' unake viruda batAye haiM tathA samrAT dvArA unheM jayapatra pradAna karane kA bhI ullekha hai| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne bahudhA inheM kanakasena (hemasena) vAdirAja se abhinna mAna liyA hai, kintu yaha bhUla hai ukta vidyAdhanaMjaya hemasena vAdirAja to ina vAdirAja ke guru matisAgara ke bhI jyeSTha gurubhrAtA the| rUpasiddhi' ke kartA dayApAta bhI ukta patisAgara ke sarmA the aura isI nareza ke Azraya meM the aneka granthoM ke racayitA mahApaNDita prabhAcandra bhI isI kAla meM hue haiN| vaha mUlatayA dhArA meM bhojadeva ke Azraya meM rahe, kintu cAlukya jayasiMha se bhI sammAnita hue the| ina prabhAcandra ke eka sadharmA maladhAri guNacandra the jo balipura ke mallikAmoda- zAntIza ke caraNapUjaka the| mallikAmoda- zAntIza-vasadi nAma kA yaha sundara jinAlaya svayaM mahArAja jayasiMha ne, jinakA viziSTa 'mallikAmoda' thA, banavAyA thaa| eka anya jaina guru vAsavacandra ne bhI apane vAda parAkrama ke lie cAlukya kaTaka meM 'bAla-sarasvatI' kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| mullUra kI jJAntIzvara vasati ke nikaTa prApta eka zilAlekha ke anusAra 1050 I. meM guNasena paNDita ke guru puSpasena siddhAntadeva ke samAdhimaraNa kI smRti meM unake caraNavida sthApita kiye gaye the| I somezvara prathama trailokyamasta Ahavamalla ( 1042-68 I.)- jayasiMha kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI thA jo bar3A parAkramI, aura yoddhA, sAtha hI zreSTha kUTanItijJa bhI thA / Ahacamalla upAdhi dhAraNa karanevAlA isa vaMza kA yaha dUsarA rAjA thA, aura trailokyamalla' isakI apanI viziSTa upAdhi thii| coloM, paramAroM Adi ke sAtha usake buddha barAbara calate rhe| apane sAmrAjya kI zakti aura samRddhi meM usane vRddhi hI kii| vaha eka niSThAvAn jaina samrAT thA / bellArI jilA kA kogalI nAmaka sthAna 136 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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purAtana kAla se eka prasiddha jaina kendra rahatA AyA thaa| yahAM kA prasana jimAyatana cennapAcavasadi thI jise mUlataH chaThI zatI ke prArambha meM maMcanareza duvinIta ne banavAyA thA tathA jisakA navanirmANa tailapa dvitIya ne karAyA thA tabhI se cAlukyanarezoM ke prazraya meM yaha eka mahattvapUrNa jaina vidyApITha banI huI thii| usa basadi meM prApta zilAlekhoM meM se eka meM isa nareza ko syAdvAdamata (jainadharma) kA anuyAbI batAyA tathA usake dvArA ukta jinAlaya ke lie bhUmidAna kA ullekha hai| vahIM ke eka anya zilAlekha bhI isa mazahAndrakIrti nAmaka jainaguru ko dAna dene kA varNana hai| usane jainAcArya ajitasena paNDita vAdIgharaTTa kA bhI sammAna kiyA thA aura unheM 'zabdacaturmukha' upAdhi dI thii| dramilasaMdha-arupalAncaya ke yaha ajitasena paNDita hI sambhavatayA kSatracUDAmaNi' evaM 'gadyacintAmaNi' ke racayitA 'vAdIbhasiMha' haiN| samrAT ke sAstara, raha, gaMga, hoyasala Adi anya aneka sAmanta-saradAra bhI jainadharma ke anuyAyI the aura unhoMne jinamandira banAye tathA bhUmi Adi ke dAna diye the| somezvara kI mahArAnI ketaladevI ne mI, jo ponnavAr3a 'agrahAra' kI zAsikA thI, apane saciva cAMkrirAja dvArA tribhuvanatilaka-jinAlaya meM usake dvArA nirmApita upacandiroM ke lie 1054 I. meM mahAsena muni ko dAna diyA thaa| samrAT ne rAjadhAnI kalyANI kA bhI vistAra kiyA aura usakI sundaratA meM bhI vRddhi kii| 'jAtatitaka' nAma kA kAmar3I bhASA kA sarvaprAcIna jyotiSazAstra isI nareza ke praznaya meM narigaNDanivAsI jainagurU zrIdharAcArya ne 1049 I. meM racA thaa| isa nareza ne hohalamukta ke ziSya aura piviNDideva ke guru jainAcArya garAivimukta rAmabhadra kA bhI sammAna kiyA thA aura unheM vaha gurutulya mAnatA thaa| inhIM rAmabhadra ke praziSya vimalasena maladhAri ke ziSya devasena ne apabhraMza bhASA ke sulocanAcaritra kI racanA kI thii| balagAmbe ke 1068 I. ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa mahAparAkramI, aneka dezoM ke vijetA, cakravartI trailokyamAla Ahavamala ne 1086 I. kI vaizAkha zukla saptamI zukravAra ke dina carama yoga kA niyoga karake tuMgabhadrA nadI meM jala samAdhi le lI thI---sambhavatayA kisI viSama yA asAdhya roga se pIr3ita hone ke kaarnn| somezvara dvitIya bhuvanaikamalla (1068-76 I.)-somezvara prathama trailokyamalla kA jyeSTha putra evaM uttarAdhikArI apane pitA kI hI bhA~ti "bhavya' jaina thaa| coloM ke sAtha usake yuddha calate rahe aura do bAra usane unheM burI taraha parAjita kiyaa| apane bhAiyoM ke sAtha bhI usakA saMgharSa calA aura rAjya ke do Tukar3e hote-hote bce| kadamboM kA bhI usane damana kiyaa| usake rAjya ke prathama varSa (1068 I.) meM hI usake mAsAmanta lakSmaNarAja ne baligrAma meM jinamandira banavAyA thA aura samrATa ke anumodanapUrvaka mallikAmoda-zAntinAtha mandira ke lie mAdhanandi muni ko bhUmidAna diyA thaa| ukta mandira ke nirmANa tathA usake lie dAna dilAne meM mukhya preraka ukta rASTrakUTa-caula-uttaravartI cAlukya kalacuri :: 137

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lakSmaNarAja kA daNDanAtha ( senApati) zAntinAtha thA / mandira bhI sambhavatayA usI me banavAyA thaa| san 1074 meM jaba bhuvanaikamalladeva baMkApura meM nivAsa kara rahA thA to usane apane pAdapadmapajItI kolAlapura ke svAmI cAlukya pemmADi bhuvanaikavIra mahArAja kI preraNa zAntinAtha-basA kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, use nayA banA diyA, aura eka navIna pratimA bhI usameM pratiSThita karAyI thI tathA ukta mandira ke lie evaM muniyoM ke caturvidha dAna kI vyavasthA ke lie mUlasaMgha krANuragaNa ke paramAnanda siddhAntadeva ke ziSya kulacandradeva ko nAgarakhaNDa meM bhUmi pradAna kI thii| zrImada malla ke putra ke dvArA yaha dAnazAsana ukta munirAja ko prApta huA thaa| isI nareza ke zAsanakAla ke antima varSa ( 1076 I.) ke guDigerI se prApta zilAlekha meM zrImad bhuvanaikamalla - zAntinAthadeva nAmaka jinAlaya ko sarva 'namasya' dAna ke rUpa meM 20 mattara bhUmi diye jAne kA ullekha hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki ukta jinAlaya kA nirmANa, bahuta sambhava hai, svayaM samrAT bhuvanaikamalla ne hI karAyA thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha apekSAkRta zAntipriya nareza solahaveM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kA vizeSa bhakta thaa| usI zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki usa samaya guDigerI nAmaka sthAna meM 'paravAdizarabhabheruNDa' virudadhArI zrInandapaNDitadeva nivAsa karate the| unake ziSya aSTopavAsiganti the jo jinadharma kA uddhAra karane meM prasanna the| prabhAkaravya usa kSetra kA paigArDe (adhikArI) thA / paramajinadharma bhakta siMgathya ukta zrImaditi kA kArindA yA paTavArI (senabova) tathA gRhasthaziSya thA / puligerI meM pUrvakAla meM cAlucakravatI vijayAdityavallabha kI choTI bahana kuMkuma- mahAdevI dvArA nirmApita Anesejjeya- barsAda ke jainamandira ke adhikAra meM eka prAcIna tAmrazAsana dvArA jo jamIMdArI calI A rahI thI vaha paramparA se ina zrInandipaNDita ko prApta huI thii| usI kI vyavasthA siMgayya dvArA unhoMne isa prakAra karAyI thI ki eka bhAga to ukta bhuvanaikamalla jinAlaya ko milA, eka bhAga ziSya aSTopavAsiganti ko dhvajAka ke bAraha grAma pramukhoM kI dekha-rekha meM pArzva-jimezvara kI pUjA tathA zAstra likhanevAle lipikoM ke bhojana prabandha ke lie diyA gayA, eka bhAga muniyoM ke AhAra dAna Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie diyA gayA, aura kucha bhUmi vibhinna karmacAriyoM ko bA~Ta dI gyii| vikramAditya SaSTha tribhuvanamalla sAhasatuMga (1076-1128 I.) - pUrvavartI nareza kA anuja thA aura sambhavatayA use padacyuta kara evaM bandI banAkara usane siMharer earn kiyA thaa| yaha isa vaMza ke antima narezoM meM sarvamahAn thA, bar3A pratApI aura vijetA thA tathA nirantara yuddhoM meM vyasta rhaa| usane apane rAjyAbhiSeka kI tithi se 'cAlukya vikrama varSa' nAma kA apanA saMvat bhI calAyA thaa| kAzmIra ke mahAkavi vilhaNa ne isake Azraya meM rahakara isI ke lie apane 'vikramAMka- deva-carita' zIrSaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI thii| yaha samrAT bar3A vidyArasika thA / aneka vidvAnoM 138 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ko usane Azraya diyA thaa| kucha lekhakoM ke palAnasAra jainAcArya vAsatracandra ko 'bAla-sarasvatI' kI upAdhi isI cAlukyanareza ne pradAna kI thii| usakI jananI gaMga-rAjakumArI thI aura patnI cola-rAjakumArI thii| rAjya prApta karane ke pUrva hI, jaba vaha eka prAntIya zAsaka mAtra thA, usane banavAsi prAnta kI rAjadhAnI banligA~va meM 'cAlukya-gaMga-goniDijinAlaya' nAma kA eka sundara mandira banavAyA thA, jisake nAma meM usane apane pitRvaMza evaM mAlavaza donoM hI kuloM kI smRtti surakSita kI, aura svayaM bhI 'cAlukya-gaMga-manaDi' upAdhi dhAraNa kI / apane rAjya ke dUsare varSa (1077 I.) meM usane banavAsi ke zAsaka daNDanAyaka bammadeva tathA usake anacara dharmAtmA zrAvaka pratikaNThasiMgayya kI prArthanA para ukta jinAlaya meM devapUjA, muni-AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie eka grAma kA dAna kiyA thaa| dAna lenevAle muni rAmasenapaNDita pUlasaMgha-senagaNa-pogariMgaccha ke guNabhadradeva ke ziSya aura mahAsena ke sadharmA the| gulayA jile ke hunasi-hadalo nAmaka sthAna meM sthita padmAvatI-pArvanAtha jinAlaya ke zilAlekha se pratIta hotA hai ki vaha jinamandira bhI isI cAlukya samrAT dvArA banavAyA gayA thaa| anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra belabolA jile meM usane aneka jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA, aura pUrvakAla meM colIbArI dhvasta bhandiroM meM se nako kA 18 : jIrNoddhAra bhI karAyA thaa| AcArya arhandi isa nareza ke dharmaguru the| yadyapi usakA vyaktigata evaM kuladharma jainadharma thA; yaha samrAra sarva-dharmasahiSNu thA aura lokavyavahAra meM sabhI dharmoM kA pratipAlana karatA thaa| sthApatya zilpa kI cAlukya zailI ke vikAsa kA pradhAna zreya bhI use hI hai| samrATa vikramAditya SaSTha kI jyeSTha rAmI akkaladevI iMgalaMgi prAnta kI zAsikA thii| apane kuzala prazAsana evaM vIratApUrNa kAyoM ke lie usane bar3I khyAti arjita kI thii| yaha kalikAla-pArvatI tathA abhinava-sarasvatI kahalAtI thI aura jainadharma kI anuyAyI thii| usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI somezvara tRtIya bhUlokamalla (1128-39) eka zAntipriya evaM sAhityarasika nareza thaa| usane 'abhilaSitArtha-cintAmaNi apara nAma 'rAjapAnasollAsa' nAmaka pahAgrantha kI racanA kI thI, jI eka prakAra kA vizvakoza-jaisA thA, aura "sarvajJa' viruda dhAraNa kiyA thaa| usake uttarAdhikArI jayasiMha tRtIya, taila tRtIya, somezvara caturtha Adi nirbala zAsaka the, aura 12vIM zatI ke anta ke pUrva hI kalyANI ke ina uttaravartI cAlukyoM kI sattA prAyaH samApta ho gyii| isa cAlukya-yuga meM hoyasala, gaMga, sAntara, raha Adi kaI rAjavaMza-uparAjayaMza udaya meM Aye, jinake pramukha jaina sadasyoM kA paricaya Age diyA jAegA, kintu unake atirikta bhI katipaya ullekhanIya jaina vyakti hue haiM, yathA-- yANDarAyarasa-cAlukya samrAT trailokyamalla ke samaya meM banavAsi-12,000 deza kA mahAmaNDalezvara thA, garuNDa-meharA', 'pratyakSa-vikramAditya', 'jagadekadAnI' Adi usake viruda the| sambhavatayA usakA pUrA nAma cAmuNDarAyarasa thA 1 isa rAjapuruSa ne 1048 I. meM apanI rAjadhAnI balligA~va meM jajAhati-zAntinAtha saMsthAna se sambaddha rASTrakUTa-cola-uttaravartI cAlukya-kalacuri :: 139

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balagAragaNa ke meghanandi bhaTTAraka ke ziSya kezavanandi aSTopavAsi bhaTTAraka kI basadi (jinAlaya) meM pUjA nimitta daligA~ve ke magavanavI tathA anya dhAma ke kSetroM meM se niyata rAzi cAvala ke diye jAne kI vyavasthA kI thii| jinabhakta hote hue bhI vaha sarvadharma-sahiSNa thaa| usake Adeza se usake dIvAna nAmavarma-vibhu ne yanavAsi deza meM jinanilaya (jinamandiroM) ke sAtha hI sAtha viSNa-nilaya, Izvara (ziva) nilaya aura munigaNa-nilaya (muniyoM ke AvAsa) banavAye the| cAkirAja-yAMkaNAya yA cAkimavya pAnasakula meM apane kAmarAja aura usakI patnI attikAmpikA kA suputra thaa| apane vaMza kA sUrya, arhatazAsana kA stambha, kalikAla-zreyAMsa, sabhyaktva-ratnAkara, apane Azrita ziSTajanoM kI iSTapUrti karanevAlA, AhAra-abhaya-bhaiSajya zAstra rUpa caturvidha dAna-tatpara yaha dhamAtmA rAjapuruSa cAlukya samrAT trailokyamalla kI mahArAnI ketaladevI kA gaNakacUDAmaNi (akAuNTeNTa janarala, yA dIvAna) thaa| mahArAnI svayaM usa samaya ponabADa 'agrahAra' kI zAsikA thii| mUlasaMgha-senagaNa-yogarigaccha ke aneka rAjAoM dvArA pUjita brahmasena muninAtha ke praziSya aura Aryasena muni ke ziSya mahAsena munIndra ke caraNa kamaloM kA yaha bhramara thA aura triya chAtra (vidyAziSya) bhI thaa| isa kirAja ne potrabADa ke tribhuvanatilaka caityAlaya meM, jisake mUlanAyaka zAntinAthadevaM the, pArzvanAtha, supArzvanAtha aura zAntinAtha tIrthaMkaroM kI pRthak-pRthaka tIna sundara pediyoM banavAyI thIM aura unameM manojJa jinapratimAe~ pratiSThApita kI thiiN| usta vaidiyoM yA caityAlayoM ke lie usane mahArAja aura mahArAnI kI anumatipUrvaka, 1054 I. meM alaga-alaga bahuta-sI bhUmi aura makAna-jAyadAda dAna kI thii| unameM se supArzvanAtha kA bimba usane svapitA kommarAja kI puNyasmRti meM pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| pArzvanAtha kI pratimA munimahAsena ke eka anya chAtra jinavarmA ne sthApita kI thI, aura zAntinAtha kA manojJa bimba cAkirAja ne svayaM sthApita kiyA thaa| harikesarI deva-cAlayoM kA kadambarvazI sAmanta thaa| svayaM ko vaha 'kAdambasamrATa mayUravarmana ke kula kA tilaka' kahatA hai| sana 1055 I. ke dhaMkApura ke durga kI eka dIvAra para utkIrNa, zilAlekha ke anusAra usa samaya samrATa trailokyamalla kA dvitIya putra rAjakumAra gaMgapemAna De-vikramAdityadeva gaMgavADi aura banavAsi pradezoM kA saMyukta zAsaka thaa| usakA mahApradhAna yaha harikesarIdeva kadamba thA, jo sajakumAra ke adhIna banavAsi deza para zAsana kara rahA thaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki banavAsi kA prAcIna kadamba dharAmA apane pradeza meM abhI taka jIvita thA aura usameM jainadharma kI pravRtti bhI pUrvakta cala rahI thii| vaha harikesarIdeva bhI bar3A dharmAtmA aura dAnI thA, aura apane lie prAcIna kadamya-narezoM kI upAdhiyoM prayukta karatA thaa| usakI patnI lacaladevI bhI usI kI bhA~ti jinabhakta thii| 14) :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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uparyukta varSa meM isa dampatI ne svayaM tathA unako preraNA se bakApura kI pA~ca matoM ko Azraya denevAlI janatA ne aura nagara ke mahAjanoM kI nigama (gilTa) ne eka jainamandira ke lie bahutsA midAna diyA thaa| zrI da zAntinAtha daNDAdhipa - cAlukya samrAT somezvara dvitIya bhuvanaikamalla ke dAhine hAtha aura banavAsi prAnta ke zAsaka, 'rAyadaNDa- gopAla virudadhArI lakSmannRpa (lakSmaNarAja) kA pradhAnAmAtya, koSAdhikArI evaM daNDanAtha ( senApati) vIra zAntinAtha parama jinabhakta, prabuddha zrAvaka, vidyArasika aura zreSTha kavi thaa| batagAmbe ke 1068 I. ke zilAlekha meM samrAT aura pAdapadmopajIvI maNDalezvara lakSmanRpa ke guNoM evaM parAkrama kI prazasti bakhAna karane ke uparAnta likhA hai ki daNDanAthavara zAntinAtha banavAsa rAjya kA samasta kArya-dhurandhara samuddharaNakartA (use unnata banAye rakhanevAlA) mukhya arthAdhikArI evaM mantrinidhAna thaa| sAtha hI vaha parama-jinamatAmbhojinI - rAjahaMsa (jinamatarUpI kamalinI kA rAjahaMsa) thA, kyoMki usane jinamArgarUpI amRta meM kAladoSa se jo aneka vikRtiyA~ aura doSa A gaye the unheM kSIra-nIra viveka se pRthaka karake bhavyajanoM ko jinendra bhagavAn dvArA prokta zuddha tattva rUpI dugdhAmRta kA prasannatApUrvaka AsvAdana karAyA thaa| vaha sahaja kavi thA, catura kavi thA, nissahAya kavi thA, sukara kavi aura sukavi thA, mithyAtyApaha (midhyAtva ko dUra bhagAnevAlA) kavi thA, subhaga-kavinuta ( kaviyoM se namaskRta) mahAkavIndra thA, aura isIlie use 'sarasvatI-mukha-mukura' upAdhi prApta huI thii| sukara rasabhAvAdi evaM tattvArtha-nicaya sUktiyoM se yukta 'sukumAracarita' nAmaka kAvya kA vaha racayitA thA / asahAyoM para dayA karanevAlA, sujanoM kA sahAyaka, mada-mAna rahita, utkaTa dAnI thaa| vaha zubhrayaza kA svAmI thA aura jinazAsana ke hita meM kiye gaye usake kAryakalApa sthAyI mahattva ke the| usane vinayapUrvaka apane svAmI pratApI lakSmanRpa se prArthanA kI ki jinendra, rudra (ziva), buddha aura hari (viSNu) ke svarNa evaM ratnamaNDita mandiroM kI zrRMkhalA ke arrr Bart rAjadhAnI dalinagara pA~coM matoM ke saMgama ke rUpa meM sarvatra vikhyAta hai| sampUrNa vizva meM jambUdvIpa, usameM bhAratavarSa aura bhArata ke kuntala deza meM vaha banavAsi prAnta zAzvata vasanta Rtu ke samAna hai| isa prAnta meM dhavyoM (jainoM) kA mukhya ftare tea yaha balipura hai, jisakI zAnti- tIrtheza asadi ( jinAlaya) kI prazaMsA svargoM ke devatA karate haiN| yaha jinabhavana kASTha nirmita hai; yadi Apa ise pASANa nirmita karA deM to akSaya puNya ke bhAgI hoNge| phalataH dharmAt lakSmanRpa ne ukta mandira ko pASANa se nirmita karAyA aura usake lie svayaM lakSmanRpa ne tathA samrAT sAmezvara dvitIya ne bhI upayukta bhUmi Adi ke prabhUta dAna diye| navanirmita jinAlaya kA nAma mallikAmoda- zAntinAtha - basadi prasiddha huA / daNDAdhipa zAntinAtha ke guru mUlasaMgha -dezIyagaNa kundakundAcaya ke varddhamAna muni the, jinake dharmA yA ziSya municandradeva aura sarvanandi bhaTTAraka the| jinAlaya ke prabandha kA bhAra tathA dAna rASTrakUTa- cola-uttaravartI cAlukya kalacuri : 141

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dezIgaNa-tAla-kolAnvaya ke mAdhanandi bhArata ko sauMpa diyA gyaa| isa lekha ko dAsoja nAmaka vyakti ne utkIrNa kiyA thaa| lekha meM alipura ko jagadaMkamalla-basadi Adi kaI anya prasiddha jinamandiroM kA bhI ullekha huA hai| dAna kA uddezya jinendra kI pUjA-arcA, nirantara AhAradAna kI vyavasthA ityAdi thaa| isa deva-zAstra gurubhakta zAntinAtha ke pitA govindarAya the, jyeSTa bhrAtA kannapArya bhI lakSmanRpa kI sevA meM eka uccapadastha adhikArI the aura, anuja cArabhUSaNa revaNa viddhAna evaM kavi the| mahArAnI mAlaladevI kuntala deza meM banavAsi ke nareza kadamba kula-mArtaNDa kIrtideva the, jo mayUravamana kadamba kI santati meM utpanna hae the| kIrtideva kI agramahiSI mAlaladevI thI jo rUpa aura guNoM meM girijA, sItA, rati aura rukmiNI ke samAna thii| yaha parama jinabhakta aura dharmaparAyaNa mahilArala thii| purubinapati RSabhadeva usake kuladevatA the aura kundakundAnvaya-mUlasaMgha-kAramaNa-lintriANigaccha ke padmanandisiddhAnta usake guru the| banavAsi deza meM aneka AkarSaNoM se yukta kumpadUra nAma kA nagara thA, jisake nivAsI eka sahasra brAhmaNa apanI vidhA aura bhakti ke lie vikhyAta the| suprasiddha bandanike tIrtha se sambaddha jinAlayoM meM kappaTUra kA brahmajinAlaya agraNI thaa| mahArAnI ne isa atibhavya pAzcadeiva tyAsasya kA nirmANa karAkara uparyukta maNDalAcArya padyamandi-siddhAnta se usakI pratiSThA kraayii| lainantara sthAnIya brAhmaNoM ko bulAkara usakA nAma 'brahma-jinAlaya ghoSita kraayaa| usane koTIvara mUlasthAna ke tathA anya 18 devasthAnoM ke AcAryoM ko aura banavAsi ke madhakaMzvarAcArya ko bhI Amantrita karake yaha mahotsava kiyA thaa| ye saba AcArya jainatara dharmoM ke the| unheM 5049 hona (svarNa mudrAe~) dekara usane unase kucha bhUmiyA~ bhI prApta kI thii| svayaM mahArAja kIrtideva se eka pUrA grAma prApta kiyA thaa| vaha grAma tathA ukta samasta bhUmiyA~ jinendradeva kI nityapUjA evaM RSiyoM ke AhAra Adi kI suvyavasthA ke lie pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka mahArAnI ne ukta guH pacanandi-siddhAnta ko samarpita kara dI thii| yaha dAna 10765 I. ko akSayatRtIyA ke pavitra parva para diyA gayA thaa| siDaNi nAma kA jo nAma rAjA se prApta kiyA gayA thA, eDenADu kA sarvAdhika sundara sthAna thaa| isa dAnazAsana kA lekhaka bammara harimAyA thaa| lekha meM rAjA ke parAkrama aura mahArAnI mAlaladevI kI jinakti Adi kI prabhUta prazaMsA hai| banavAsi pradeza ke eka bhAga para prAcIna kadamboM ke vaMzajoM kA choTA-moTA rAjya abhI taka calA A rahA thaa| pratikaNTha siMgayya-cAlukya samrAT sAhasottuMga vikramAditya tribhuvanamalladeva ke mahAsenAdhipati mahApradhAna daNDanAyaka bamadeva kA kRpApAtra anucara thA aura kisI pratiSThita adhikArI pada para niyukta thaa| svayaM barmadeva usa samaya vanavAsi-12,000, sAntalige- 10 aura 16 agnahAroM kA rakSaka evaM zAsaka thA, aura apane prazAsana kendra balligAmbe meM nivAsa karatA thaa| vaha bar3A parAkramI, guNavAna aura udArAzaya 142 :: pramukha etihAsika jaima puruSa aura mahilA

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thaa| pratikaNTa siMgayya (siMgana yA siMgayya ke pitA kA nAma soma, pAtA jakkaLI, patnI kA bhAgadhe aura choTe bhAI kA meci thaa| siMgayya ke zvasura kalideva loka meM AdaraprApta, guNanidhi aura vidvAnoM ke AzrayadAtA the| isa prakAra pratikaNTha siMgayya eka sampanna evaM pratiSThita kula kA rAjyamAnya sajjana thaa| isake ipTadeva jinanAtha the aura guru mUlasaMgha-sanagaNa-pogariMgaccha ke munipati muNabhadra the| vaha svayaM jinadharmarUpI AkAza kA sUrya, jinadharmarUpI sudhAsAgara ke barddhana ke lie candramA ke samAna, jinadharmaprAkAra aura jinendra ke caraNakamaloM kA bhramara thaa| dharmakathAoM ke kahane-sunane meM use bar3A rasa milatA thaa| isa dhamAtmA zrAvaka ne apane svAmI daNDAdhipa barmadeva se prArthanA karake svayaM samrAT se, usake rAjya ke dUsare varSa (1077 I.) meM, svaguru guNabhadra ke sadharmA mahAsenavratI ke ziSya rAyasena paNDita ko manavane nAma kA grAma dhArApUrvaka sarvamanasya dAna ke rUpa meM dikhAyA thaa| dAna kA prayojana rAjadhAnI balligAmce meM svayaM ukta nareza dvArA apane kumArakAla meM nirmApita zrImaccAlukyagaMga-pemmAnaDi-jinAlaya meM devArcanapUjanAbhiSeka, muni-AhAra-dAna, khaNDasphuTita-navakarma Adi thaa| samrAT usa samaya etagirI nAmaka sthAna meM nivAsa kara rahA thaa| lekha meM rAmaserapaNDita ke vyAkaraNa, nyAya evaM kAvya jJAna kI tulanA kramazaH pUjyapAda, akalaMkadeva aura samantabhadra-jaise pUrvAcAryoM ke sAtha kI hai| dAnazAsana kA lekhaka guNabhadradeva kA hI eka gRhastha ziSya dhAvaNyamayya thaa| lekha meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki svadharma kA hita, usakI unnAne aura prabhAvanA karane meM prazasvI pratikaNDa siMgayya kA atyanta utsAha rahatA thaa| vaha sarasvatI kA upAsaka : aura zaucadharma kA viziSTa pAlaka thaa| ::bioya kamimaseTi-eka dharmAtmA jaina seTha thA, jisane 1080 I. ke lagabhaga, jaba banayAsi deza para cAlukya samrAT tribhuvanamalna kA zAsana thA, zikArapura tAluke ke isUra sthAna meM eka jinAlaya banavAyA thA aura tyAziyoM evaM anahAra ke hajAroM brAhmaNoM ke lie eka satra (bhojanazAlA) sthApita kiyA thaa| kAliyakkA- cAlukya tribhuvanamalla ke rAjyapratinidhi pANDya ke mahApradhAna daNDanAyaka sUrya kI bhAryA, jyeSTha daNDanAyakiti kAliyakA bar3I dharmAtmA pahilA thii| apanI pratijJA kI pUrtisvarUpa usane 11 28 I. meM sembUra meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA eka ati sundara jinAlaya banavAkara usake lie svaguru zAntizayanapaNDita ko prabhUta mUdAna diyA thaa| yogezvara daNDanAyaka-cAlukya jayasiMha jayadekamalla tRtIya kA senAdhyakSa, mahApradhAna, daNDanAyaka aura danavAsi deza kA zAsaka thaa| usake adhIna pegar3e maTUna-maziladeva jivalige kA zAsaka thaa| usane tathA anya kaI dhArmikajanoM meM yoga-daNDAdhipa kI anumatipUrvaka AyalI meM pArzva-jinAlaya banavAkara usake lie 1143 I. meM senasaMghI vIrasena ke sadharmA mANikyasana muni ko pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka bhUmidAna diyA thaa| rASTrakUTa mahola-uttaravarlI cAlukya-kalacuri :: 143

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* bijjala kalacuri bArahavIM zatI ke madhya ke uparAnta lagabhaga tIna dazaka paryanta kaI kalacuri narezoM ne karNATaka deza para rAjadhAnI kalyANI te zAsana kiyaa| madhyabhArata meM tripurI DAhala Adi ke kulacuri guja rAje tIsarI zatI I. ke madhya se hI rAjya kara rahe the| ve uttara pradeza meM sarayUpAra Adi kaI cedivaMzI bhI kahalAte the aura vidarbha, mahAkosala, uttara pradezoM meM isa vaMza kI zAkhAe~ cliiN| san 249 I. meM cedi yA kalacuri saMvat ke pravartanakAla se isa vaMza kA udaya mAnA jAtA hai| anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra isa vaMza kA AdipuruSa kIrtivIrya thA, jisane jaina muni ke rUpa meM tapasyA karake karmoM ko naSTa kiyA thaa| 'kala' zabda kA artha 'karma' bhI hai aura 'deha' bhI / ataeva dehadamana dvArA karmoM ko cUra karanevAle vyakti ke vaMzaja kalacuri khlaaye| isa vaMza meM jainadharma kI pravRtti bhI alpAdhika banI rhii| pro. rAmAsvAmI AyaMgara Adi kaI dakSiNa bhAratIya itihAsakAroM kA mata hai ki pA~cavIM chaThI zatI I. meM jina zaktizAlI kalabhra jAti ke logoM ne tamila deza para AkramaNa karake aura bola, cera tathA pANDya narezoM ko parAjita karake ukta samasta pradeza para apanA zAsana sthApita kara liyA thA, ve pratApI kalana nareza jainadharma ke pakke anuvAyI the| inake tamila deza meM pahu~cane para vahA~ jainadharma kI paryApta unnati huii| yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki kalanoM kA madhyabhArata ke kalacuriyoM ke sAtha kyA sambandha thA athavA kalyANI ke uparyukta kalacuriyoM kA una donoM meM se kisake yA donoM ke hI sAtha koI sambandha thA yA nhiiN| yaha sambhAvanA hai ki uttara bhArata ke kalacuriyoM kI hI eka zAkhA sudUra dakSiNa meM kalabhra nAma se prasiddha huI aura kAlAntara meM unhIM kalanoM kI santati meM karNATaka ke kalacuri hue| 1128 I. meM cAlukya samrAT somezvara tRtIya ne penakilaghuri nAmaka vyakti ko, jo svayaM kI kRSNa ko santati meM utpanna huA batAtA thA, bIjApura viSaya (jile) kA zAsaka niyukta kiyA thaa| usako mRtyu ke uparAnta usakA putra bijjalakalacuri usI pada para niyukta ho gyaa| vaha bar3A vIra, catura aura mahattvAkAMkSI thaa| pariNAma yaha huA ki cAlukya jayasiMha tRtIya ne use mahAmaNDalezvara banA diyA aura apanA senAdhyakSa niyukta kara diyaa| cAlukya telapa tRtIya kI ayogyatA kA lAbha uThAkara usane apane netRtva meM vidrohI sAmantoM kI saMgaThita kiyA aura 1151 I. meM rAjyasattA sahaja hI hastagata kara lii| isa para aneka sAmanta usase aprasanna ho gaye aura gRhayuddha prArambha ho gaye / antataH bijjala ne tailapa tRtIya ko pakar3akara bandIgRha meM DAla diyA aura dRr3hatA ke sAtha samasta virodhI zaktiyoM kA damana karake 1156 I. meM svayaM ko kalyANI kA samrAT ghoSita kara diyA tathA apane nAma kA saMvat bhI pracalita kara diyaa| usI varSa ke eka zilAlekha meM mahArAja bijjala kA 144 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ullekha 'kalacuri bhu re-mujabala cakravartI tribhuvana' viruda ke sAtha huA hai| usane ||AUM kSa I. paryanta a aura itane samaya meM hI pramANita kara diyA ki vaha eka vIra yoddhA, bhArI vijetA aura mahAnU nareza thaa| apane kula kI pravRtti ke anusAra vaha jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| rAjya kI prApti aura vistAra evaM saMrakSaNa meM bijjala kA pradhAna sahAyaka usakA mahAmAtya evaM pradhAna senApati jaina vIra recimayya thaa| usakA eka anya jaina mantrI brAhmaNa baladeva thA, jisakA jAyAlA vAsava bhI jaina thA / baladeva kI mRtyu ke uparAnta usake pada para bAsava kI niyukti huii| apane zvasura ke sahakArI ke rUpa meM vaha pahale se hI kArya kara rahA thA, kintu bar3A mahattvAkAMkSI thaa| apane kuladharma meM use apane laukika utkarSa kI sambhAvanA kama dIkha pdd'ii| saMyama-niyama aura tapasyA se use ghRNA thii| ataeva usane eka navIna mata kA pracAra karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| jainadharma ke pracalita lokatattvoM tathA prasiddha evaM vyavahRta mAnyatAoM ke sAtha zaivamata kI katipaya paramparAoM evaM mAnyatAoM kA mizraNa karake, aura isa mizraNa ko apane manonukUla DhAlakara usane liMgAyata aparanAma vIrazaiva mata kI sthApanA kii| aisI kiMvadantI hai ki apanI kAryasiddhi ke lie usane rAjA kA dhyAna apanI atIva sundarI bahana padmAvatI kI ora AkRSTa kiyA aura antataH rAjA ke sAtha usakA vivAha kara diyA thaa| apane bhAI kI icchAnusAra padmAvatI mahArAja ko apane dharma se vimukha aura bAsava ke mata kA poSaka to na banA sakI, kintu usake mohapAza meM ba~dhakara bijjala rAjyakArya kI ora se asAvadhAna ho gyaa| sthiti kA lAbha uThAkara bAsava ne apane mata ke pracAra meM sArA rAjyakoza khAlI kara diyA aura rAjya ke vibhinna padoM se jaina adhikAriyoM evaM karmacAriyoM kI pRthaka karake apane sAthiyoM aura sahAyakoM ko niyukta karanA prArambha kara diyaa| antataH jaba rAjA kI mohanidrA TUTI aura bAlaya ke kukRtyoM para usakA dhyAna gayA to vaha atyanta kupita huA aura duSToM ko kaThora daNDa dene lagA / parantu Area ne viSAkta Ama khilAkara chala se rAjA kI hatyA kara dii| eka mata ke anusAra bila ne virakta hokara apane putra somezvara ko rAjya sauMpa diyA aura zeSa jIvana dharma sAdhana meM bitAyA thaa| bijjala ke uparAnta usake tIna yA cAra putroM evaM vaMzajoM ne kramazaH rAjya kiyaa| unhoMne bAsava evaM usake liMgAyatoM kA krUratA ke sAtha damana kiyA batAyA jAtA hai, kintu bAsatra ke katipaya ziSyoM evaM bhaktoM ke prayatnoM se liMgAyata mata phailatA calA gayA aura AnevAlI kaI zatAbdiyoM meM dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma kA sabase bhayaMkara zatru siddha huA / bijjala ke vaMza kA anta bhI 1183 I. ke lagabhaga ho gayA, jaba cAlukya somezvara caturtha ne kalyANI para punaH adhikAra kara liyaa| yaha punaH sthApita cAlukya sattA bhI 15vIM zatI ke prArambha meM samApta ho gyii| senApati recimayya- isa yuga kA sarvAdhika ullekhanIya jaina vIra hai| reca, rASTrakUTa bola- uttaravartI cAlukya kalacuri : 145

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recaNa, racarasa, recirAja, reci yA remiyya kI mAtA kA nAma nAgAmbikA aura pitA kA nArAyaNa thaa| tathA patnI kA nAma gaurI thaa| usakA dhvaja-ciha vRSabha thA, ataeya yaha 'vRSabhadhyaja' bhI kahalAtA thaa| 'vasudhaika-bAndhavam usakA suprasiddha viruda thaa| daNDAdhinAtha, mahApracaNDadaNDanAyaka, camUpati, mahAsenApati, sacivottampa, mantrIzvara Adi padavIdhara yaha vIra kalacuri nareza bijjala kA dAhinA hAtha thaa| usa nareza ke lie unane saptAMga-sAmrAjya-sampatti prApta kI thI aura usakA upabhoga use tathA usaka uttarAdhikAriyoM ko karAyA thaa| usI ke hAthoM ke sahAre kalacuri narezoM kI rAjyarUpI latA sukhapUrvaka prasarita huI thii| ukta narezoM se use aneka jAgIreM milI thIM, jinameM atyanta sundara nAgarakhaNDa pradeza pramukha thA usa prAnta kA zAsana bhI sIdhe yaha recisyya hI karatA thaa| bijjala ke uparAnta usake sabhI vaMzajoM ke samaya meM usakA rutabA aura pratiSThA vaisI hI banI rahI, aura jaba kalacuriyoM kA sUrya asta ho gayA aura unake sthAna meM dvArasamudra ke hoyasala mareza deza ke svAmI hue to unhoMne bhI vIra recimaNya ko vahI pada-pratiSThA pradAna kii| senApati recimayya anupama raNazUra hone ke sAtha hI sAtha anupama dAnazUra bhI thaa| yaha aisA udAra dAmI thA ki jagata meM sAkSAt kalpavRkSa kI bhA~ti zobhAyamAna thaa| usake suzAsana meM nAgarakhaNDa pradeza kI sarvatomukhI abhivRddhi huI, aura kahA AtA hai ki gaMgarAja ne sampUrNa jaina jagat ke lie jo kucha kiyA daNDAdhIza raicimayya ne apane prAnta ke lie usase kucha adhika hI kiyaa| jinadharma ke hita aura prabhAvanA ke lie usakA udyoga antahIna thaa| zikArapura tAluke ke sikkamAgaDi nAmaka sthAna ke eka purAne jaina sammelana mandira meM, jo aba liMgAyatoM ke cenna basana mandira meM parivartita hai, prApta 1982 I. ke stambhalekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya kalaburi nareza zaMkama ke anuja evaM uttarAdhikArI rAvanArAyaNa Ahavamalla kA zAsana thA aura recimayya usI rAjA kI sevA meM thA aura usakI ora se nAgarakhaNDa kA zAsaka thaa| nAgarakhaNDa ke antargata hI bAndhavapura kA kadamyavaMzI rAjA boppa rAjya karatA thA aura usakA mahApradhAna sAmanta zaMkara thA jisane mAgur3i nAmaka sthAna meM bhagavAn zAntinAtha kA sundara jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| eka bAra ukta donoM sajjanoM ke sAtha reSaNa daNDAdhIza ridhimayya) ukta mandira meM bhagavAna kA darzana-pUjana karane ke lie gayA thaa| mandira kI bhavyatA ko dekhakara vaha itanA prabhAvita aura prasanna huA ki usane talade nAmaka grAma usake lie bheMTa kara diyaa| bandalike ke 1208 I. ke zilAlekha meM bhI vikhyAta reca camUpati kI prArambha meM hI prazaMsA kI hai aura use ukta bandalike-zAnti-jineza-tIrtha kI unnati karanevAloM meM agraNI batAyA hai| asIkare nAmaka sthAna ke 1219 I. ke abhilekha meM likhA hai ki ratnatrayAdhiSThita, dharmapratipAlaka, kalayUrya-kula-sacivottama, vasudhaikabAmdhaya revarasa campatti ne, jo bAga-banitA vilAsa-sadama, kIrtikaumudI, jainAtra-varddhana, guNagaNabhUSaNa aura dayAnvita thA, aura usa samaya hoyasala nareza 146 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ballAladeva kI sevA meM thA. arasiyakare nagara meM eka ati bhavya evaM vizAla sahasrakUTa - caityAlaya nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha nagara svayaM nAnA kUpa tar3Aga, vApI, vana upavanoM, phala-puSpa ke udyAnoM, hare-bhare zAli kSetroM, sundara sundara bhavanoM aura dharmAtmA bhavyajanoM (jainoM) kI ghanI bastI ke kAraNa atyanta manohara, mahattvapUrNa aura prasiddha thaa| ukta jinAlaya meM bhagavAn jinendra kI nitya aSTavidhi pUjana, pujArI aura sevakoM kI AjIvikA, caturvarga ke logoM ke lie niHzulka bhojana dAna (satra) aura mandira ke jIrNoddhAra Adi ke lie rAjA ballAla se handarahAlu nAmaka grAma prApta karake usane mUla saMgha- dezIgaNa pustakagaccha iMgulezvarabali ke AcArya mAghanandi siddhAnta, ke praziSya aura zubhacandra-vaividyadeva ke ziSya zavya sAgaranandi- siddhAntadeva ko dhArApUrvaka samarpita kiyA thaa| yahI AcArya revarasa ke kulaguru bhI the| reca dvArA pratiSThApita ukta atyanta dedIpyamAna sahasrakUTa jinabimba ke lie sthAnIya jainoM ne eka koTi dravya ekatra karake prasiddha arasiyare meM eka vizAla jinamandira aura usakI sudRr3ha cahAradIvArI banavAyI / rAjA aura prajA ne, jisase jitanA bana par3A, usake lie dravya diyaa| isa jinAlaya ke nirmANa meM sAtakoTi (sAta vargoM ke ?) logoM kI sahAyatA thI, isIlie yaha elkoTi-jinAlaya khlaayaa| usake lie eka sahasra parivAroM se bhUmi kharIdI gayI thI aura rAjA ballAla ne bhI ukta bhUmi para dasa honnuvAlA kara mAfa kara diyA thaa| arasiyakere ke logoM ne bhagavAn zAntinAtha kA bhI eka sundara mandira banavAyA thaa| usa nagara ke tatkAlIna jainoM meM pramukha paTTaNasvAmI (nagaraseTha) kalliseTTi aura jakkiseTTi the| sthAnIya jainoM kI utkaTa dharmaniSThA evaM dharma-saMrakSaNa ke apUrva utsAha se prasanna hokara dharmAtmA vIra zrIkaraNada rezimayya ne uparyukta nirmANa aura dAna kiye the| usane 1200 I. ke lagabhaga zravaNabelagola ke nikaTa jinanAthapura maiM eka zAntinAtha jinAlaya ( zAntIzvara basadi ) banavAyA thA, aura use bhI svaguru evaM mandira ke pratiSThAcArya sAgaranandi siddhAnta ko sauMpa diyA thA / yahI AcArya kollApura kI prasiddha sAvanta basadi (sAmantoM kA jinAlaya) ke bhI adhiSThAtA the| socideva kadamba - banavAsi maNDala ke stanyarUpa sundara evaM susamRddha nAgarakhaNDa ke eka bhAga para prAcIna kadambakula kA paramparAgata rAjya calA AtA thaa| isa kula brahmabhUpAla aura cahaladevI kA putra boppabhUpa huA, jisakI patnI kA nAma zrIdevI thaa| ina dampatI kA putra yaha socideva yA somanRpa thaa| yaha rAjA bar3A zUravIra, pratApI, udAra aura satyavAdI thA, aura isIlie use kadambarudra, gaNDaradAyaNi, eNDalika bhairava, nigalaMka malla, satyapatAka Adi virUda prApta hue the| vaha kalacUrya-cakravartI vijjala ke pautra mailimudeva rAyamurAri bhujabala malla kA adhInastha rAjA thaa| usane baMgAlya nareza ko parAjita karake use jaMjIroM se bA~dha diyA thaa| isI upalakSya meM use 'rAvaNa' viruda milA thaa| bAlyAvasthA meM hI usake satyaniSTha madhuravacanoM ke kAraNa vaha 'sattAka' kahalAne lgaa| kizorAvasthA ko prApta hote na hote vaha maiM rASTrakUTa- cola- uttaravartI cAlukya kalacuri : 147 --

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nikalaMka malla' aura apanI zakti evaM parAkrama kA paricaya dete hI "kadambarudra kahalAne lagA thaa| vaha bar3A udAra aura dAnI bhI thaa| usake samaya meM nAgarakhaNDa kI bhA~ti hI tevarateppa bhI banavAsi deza kA bhUSaNa thA aura nAgaballarI evaM puMgIphala (supArI) ke udyAnoM ke lie prasiddha thaa| rAjA sovideva ke cara-kamaloM kA bhramara usakA sAmanta tevaratappa kA nAlaprabhu (adhipati) voppagAvuNDa thaa| usakI patnI dhAvikabbe gAvRSiSTa thI, jisake bhAI bammiseSTi aura kalliseSTi the| bopagAvaNTu aura cAvikabjegAvaNDi kA putra lokagANDa tevarateppa kA nAlaprabhu thaa| usake donoM mAtula bammiseTTi aura kallisahi bhavya-zikhA-maNi (paramajaina) the| usakI mAtA bhI bar3I dharmAtmA thI tathA usakI patnI, jo sottUra ke geyUda-gAvuNDa aura dharmAtmA kAlikagAbuNDi kI putrI ghI, svayaM sakalazIlagaNottama tathA parama jinabhakta evaM dAnazIlA thii| isI kAraNa usane mahAsatI asimabbe jaisI khyAti prApta kI thii| apane ukta svajanoM parijanoM kI preraNA evaM sahayoga se lokagAvuNDa ne tevarateppa namara meM eka asthanta bhavya ratnatrayadeva-jinAlaya nAma kA jinamandira banavAyA, eka sarovara, kUpa aura prapA bamakAyI aura satra sthApita kiyA thaa| ina sabakI vyavasthA, devArcana, muni-AhAradAna Adi ke nimitta prabhUta bhUmidAna dharmAtmA loka-mAdhupA ne svagaru mahAmaNDalAcArya bhAnukIrti siddhAnta deva ko pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka samarpita kara diyA thaa| bhAnukIti paramazAstrajJa munidhandradeva ke priya ziSya the aura bhArI mantravAdI the| sebarateya ke 117 zilAlekhaka ma na ra dharmAtmA sAmanta loka gANDa kA varNana hai| mahArAja kI svayaM kI anumati evaM sahayoga apane priya sAmanta ke ukta dharmakAryoM meM the| choppadeva kadamba-nAgara khapaSTa ke kadambakula meM utpanna mahArAja sovideva yA somanRpa kI rAnI laghbaladevI se utpanna usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI yaha bopadeva nRpati thA jo bar3A puNyavAna aura pratApI thaa| sundara bAndhavapura nagara usakI rAjadhAnI thii| rAjA kA svayaM kA tathA usakI kula-paramparA kA dharma jainadharma thaa| usake iSTadeva bhagavAn zAntinAtha the, jinakA ati sundara jimAlaya ukta nagarI kI zobhA bar3hAtA thaa| vastutaH isa mandira meM bhagavAn dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha aura kunthunAtha ke tIna caitya the, jinake kAraNa baha ratnatraya jinAlaya kahalAtA thaa| isa mandira ke AcArya mulasaMgha-kANUragaNa-tintriNigaccha-nunnavaMza ke bhAnukIrtisiddhAnti the, jo rAvaNAndi ke praziSya aura payanandi ke ziSya municandra ke ziSya the tathA nayakIrtivratI ke guru the| isa bopadeva rAjA ke mahApradhAna zaMkara sAmanta ne usakI sahamati evaM sahayoga se mAguddhi meM jo zAntinAtha jinamandira banavAyA thA usake darzana ke lie vaha nareza hI recaNa daNDAdhIza ko apane sAtha livA le gayA thaa| bandalike ke 1203 I. ke zilAlekha meM inhIM kadambavaMzI lomanRpAtmaja bAndhavapurAdhipa bopadeva ko reca-camUpati ke anantara bandalike tIrtha kI unnati karanevAlA kahA hai| usa samaya. boppa kA putra 148 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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brahmabhUpAla rAjA thaa| usakA nagaraseya kavaDeya bopisehi thA, jisane rAjA brahma kI anumati aura sahayoga se bandalike zAntinAthadeva kA sundara maNDapa banavAyA thaa| isa zilAlekha meM nAgarakhaNDa ke tatkAlIna jainoM meM pramukha pratiSThita dhArmika evaM dAnI janoM kA bhI ullekha hai, yathA sehikalbe kA putra banajudharmanivAsI zaMkaraseTTi, kacchaviyUra kA svAmI viDiyarasa, begUra kA prabhumAla moDa, kRSNasoge.. pArekoTi goDa, malaville kA erahagauDa, ablUra kA somaMgauDa aura zaMkara evaM jakabbe kA putra sAmanta muddaki, jisakI patnI laccAmbike, do putra aura eka putrI thI. svAmI vallAlanareza aura guru bhAnukIrtisiddhAnti the / 7 zaMkara sAmanta--naNDu vaMza meM usa kula kA tilaka siMgama utpanna huA / usakI patnI mANikke thI aura putra ekka gaur3a aura kareyama the| kareyama kI patnI resabbe thI aura putra boppa - gANDa thA / usakI patnI cAMkigIDi thI, aura ina donoM kA putra yaha saMka, zaMkama yA zaMkara sAmanta thA / usakI patnI kA nAma jakkaNabbe thA, jyeSTha putra soma thA aura choTA putra muddayya thaa| zaMkara sAmanta bAndhavapura ke kadambanareza bopadeva kA pradhAna saciva aura mahAsAmanta thaa| usa nareza ke rAjyAbhyudaya meM vahI pradhAna sahAyaka evaM sAdhaka thaa| rAjA usakA bar3A sammAna karatA thA aura reca camUpati tathA hoyasala nareza ballAladeva bhI use mAna dete the| usake guru pUrvokta bhAnukIrti aura nayakIrti vratI the / ukta guruoM ke nikaTa Agama kA adhyayana karake vaha jinasamaya- cintAmaNi (jainadharma ke lie cintAmaNi- ratna) kahalAyA / vaha bar3A vIra, parAkramI, kuzala prazAsaka, udAra, dAnI, dharmAtmA, jinadeva aura guruoM kA kiMkara thA / yAcakoM ke lie vaha kalpavRkSa thA aura nirabhimAnI thaa| niza-dina dharmArthakAma, trivarga ke sampAdana meM rata aura sanmArga ke hita kI kAmanA ke lie cintita rahatA thaa| mAmuDi nAmaka sthAna ke sAtha usakA sambandha thA sambhavatayA vaha usakA mUla nivAsa thA- ataeva ukta sthAna meM usane tIrthakara zAntinAtha kA eka atyanta manorama mandira banavAyA thaa| usameM pratiSThApita bhagavAn kA pratibimva atyanta sAtizaya evaM camatkArI thA / balipura ke zaivAcArya sUryAbharaNa tripurAntakasUri ne yaha dekhakara ki yaha devAlaya tIrthakara - jina aura ziva, donoM ke hI bhaktoM ke lie samAna rUpa se priya hai, usake lie supArI ke 500 vRkSoM kA eka bAg2a, eka puSpodyAna, uttama dhAnya kA eka kSetra aura tela ke eka kolhU ke rUpa meM prabhUta sthalavRtti pradAna kI thii| ukta dhArmika kArya ko jArI rakhane tathA apanI nyAyopArjita sampatti ko apane AzritoM kI AvazyakatApUrti ke lie surakSita karane ke uddezya se isa zaMkara deva cakrI ne mahArAja ballAla aura reca camUpati kA Azraya liyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa jaba mahArAja tANaguNDa meM nivAsa karate the to vaha recarasa aura apane svAmI bopadeva ko ukta mandira meM darzana-pUjana karane ke lie apane sAtha laayaa| recarasa ne prasanna hokara mandira ke lie eka grAma zaMkara ke guru aura mandira rASTrakUTa- bola- uttaravartI cAlukya kalacuri 149

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ke adhiSThAtA mAnukIrti siddhAntadeva ko samarpita kiyaa| dAnazAsana kI vyavasthA kA mAra ballAladeva ke pradhAna mantrI musarikezava ko sauMpa diyA gyaa| mandira ke lie cAra sthAnoM ke vANijya nigarmI tathA mummuridAI ne bhI dAna diye / zaMkara sAmanta kA sArA parivAra parama jinabhakta dhaa| usake putra samana mucyA ne nArakhaNTa aura vizeSakara bandalike-tIrtha kI unnati meM apane pitA kI hI bhauti yoga diyaa| rAjA sallAladeva ke prasiddha mantrI kampaTa-malla-daNDAdhinAtha ne tathA usake saciva sUrya-camUpati ne bandatike-zAntinAtha tIrtha kI chahuta prema ke sAtha rakSA kI thii| ukta sAmanta zaMkaragAvuNDa ne 1176 I. meM gAvaNigavaMzIya kaireyamaseSTi ke putra devika-seTTi ke sAtha milakara elambalila meM bhI eka zAntinAtha jinAlaya banavAyA thA, jisake lie una donoM ne guru bhAnukIrti ko bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa| 150 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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HOM hoyasala rAjavaMza rASTrakUTa, cola, cAlukya aura kalacuri nAmaka samrAT-vaMzoM ke bAda dakSiNa bhArata meM isa yuga kA sarvAdhika zaktizAlI evaM mahattvapUrNa rAjyavaMza hoyasaloM kA thA, jo prArambha meM kalyANI ke cAlukya samrAoM ke adhIna mahAsAmanta rahe aura unakI sattA samApta hone para, kama se kama sampUrNa karNATaka meM sarvopari rAjyazakti ke svAmI hue| kaNAMTaka ke prAcIna gaMgavADi sajya kI bhAMti hI hoyasala rAjya kI sthApanA kA zreSa bhI eka jainAcArya ke AzIrvAda ko hai| dvArAvatI (dvArasamudra yA dorasamudra) kA yaha zaktizAlI evaM paryApta sthAyI hoyasala mahArAjya jaina pratibhA kI dUsarI sarvotkRSTa sRSTi thii| vaMza saMsthApaka sala-karNATaka kI pArvatIya jAti ke eka abhijAtya, kintu vipanna ta meM utpanna sala vIra yuvaka thA aura pazcimI ghATavatI, maisUra rAjya meM kara jile ke mudagaire tAluke meM sthita aMgaDi aparanAma sosavUra (zazakapura) kA nivAsI thaa| yaha sthAna pahale se hI jainadharma kA eka acchA kendra thaa| dasavIM zatAbdI meM dramilasaMdhI maunI bhaTTAraka ke ziSya vimalacandra paNDitadeva vahA~ nivAsa karate the| vahIM unakA samAdhimaraNa huA aura unake bhakta mahArAja ivikheDeMga ne unakA smAraka banavAyA thaa| nagara ke bAhara 9vIM-10vIM zatI I. kI kaI sundara basadiyA~ thIM, jinameM eka kA nAma makara-jimAlaya thaa| usake nikaTa hI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI pakSI padmAvatI devI kA vizAla mandira thaa| gyArahavIM zatI ke prArambha meM vahA~ jainAcArya sudatta vardhamAna kA vidyApITha avasthita thA, jisameM aneka gRhastha, tyAgI aura muni zikSA prApta karate the| yaha munIndra uparyukta vimalacandra paNDitadeva ke hI sambhavatayA nikaTa-paramparA ziSya the| eka anumAna hai ki vaha suprasiddha jagadekamallavAdI vAdirAja ke ziSya the| nissahAya evaM sAdhanavihIna kintu tejasvI aura mahattvAkAMkSI yukka sata inhIM sudatta vardhamAna kA priya chAtra thaa| usakI jananI gaMgavaMza kI rAjakanyA thI, aura sammavatayA usake pitRkula meM bhI jainadharma kI pravRtti thii| eka dina devI ke mandira ke nikaTa vana meM vaha gurU ke nikaTa ekAkI hI adhyayana kara rahA thA ki ekAeka eka bhayaMkara zArdUla vana meM se nikalakara guru ke Upara jhpttaa| guru ne apanI mayUrapicchI sala kI ora pheMkakara kahA, 'poya sala' (he sala, ise mAra): bIra sala hoyasala sajayaMza :: II

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ne turanta usa picchikA ( usake mULe yA dRSTa) ke prahAroM se siMha ko mAra giraayaa| kahA jAtA hai ki sala ke parAkrama aura vIratA kI parIkSA karane ke lie hI unhoMne apane bala se usa kRtrima siMha kI sRSTi kI thii| astu, guru bahuta prasanna hue, use AzIrvAda diyA aura use apane lie svatantra rAjya sthApana karane kA Adeza diyaa| lola zArdUla hI unhoMne usakA rAjya cihna, mukuTacihna evaM dhvajacihna nizcita kiyaa| yaha ghaTanA 1006 I. ke lagabhaga kI hai| sabhI se sala 'poyasala' kahalAne lagA, jo kAlAntara meM 'hoya' zabda meM parivartita ho gayA aura sala dvArA sthApita rAjyavaMza kA nAma prasiddha huaa| jinendra usake iSTadeva, munIndra sudatta vardhamAna dharmaguru evaM rAjaguru aura padmAvatI aparanAma vAsantikAdevI usake kula evaM rAjya kI adhiSThAtrI devI huii| ukta yakSI ke prasAda se ukta ghaTanA ke samaya ekAeka vasanta Rtu ho gayI thI, isalie yaha svayaM tabhI se vAsantikAdevI kahalAne lgii| isa prakAra ahiMsA dharma ke utkaTa pakSapAtI hote hue bhI jainAcAryoM ne deza ke rAjanItika abhyutthAna meM mahatvapUrNa sakriya yoga diyaa| isa tathya kA jahA~ taka dakSiNa bhArata kA sambandha hai, yaha kama se kama dUsarA udAharaNa thA / AgAmI pandraha-solaha varSoM meM aMgavi ( zazakapura) ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAkara poyasala me coloM aura cAlukyoM ke kagAva Adi kaI sAmantoM se buddha karake unake pradeza hastagata kiye, apane rAjya kI nIMva jamA dI aura cAlukyoM ke pramukha sAmantoM meM parigaNita hone lgaa| isa saba unnati meM guru sutha upadeza, parAmarza aura pati karatA rhaa| usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI vinayAditya prathama (1022-1047 I.) aura pautra kAma hoyasala (104760 I.) ne usake dvArA prArambha kiye gaye kAryoM ko cAlU rkhaa| rAjya kI zakti aura vistAra bar3hatA gyaa| una donoM rAjAoM ke bhI dharmaguru evaM rAjaguru ukta sudatta vardhamAna hI the, jo zAsanaprabandha evaM rAjya saMcAlana meM bhI unakA sakriya mArgadarzana karate the| gaMgavADi ke jaina muniyoM meM ye donoM nareza apanI dhArmikatA ke lie prasiddha the| vinayAditya dvitIya (1060-1101 I.)- hoyasala vaMza kA yaha cauthA rAjA bar3A udAra, dAnI, dharmAtmA aura pratApI thaa| usake guru pramilasaMgha ke jainAcArya zAntideva the | zravaNabelagola kI 1129 I. kI malliSeNa prazasti nAmaka zilAlekha ke anusAra guru zAntideva kI pAdapUjA ke prasAda se poyasala nareza vinayAditya ne apane rAjya kI zrIsampanna kiyA thaa| apane ina rAjaguru ke upadeza se vinayAditya hoyasala ne aneka jinamandiroM, devAlayoM, sarovaroM, grAmoM aura nagaroM kA nirmANa prasannatApUrvaka karAyA thaa| isa kArya meM vaha suprasiddha balIndra se bhI Age bar3ha gayA thaa| aMgaDi ke hI 1062 I. ke eka bhagna zilAlekha se prakaTa hai ki usI varSa yahA~ jaba usake guru zAntideva ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA to svayaM rAjA ne aura usake nAgarikajanoM kI nigama ne milakara unakI smRti meM vahA~ eka smAraka sthApita kiyA 152 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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dhaa| spaSTa hai ki yA AcArya mAtra rAjA ke nahIM karana rAjA-grajA sabhI ke, pUre rASTra ke garU mAne jAne lage the| usI varSa ke eka anya zilAlekha ke anusAra isa rAjA meM mUlasaMghI meyacandra ke ziSya velave ke abhavacandra muni ko dAna dekara sammAnita kiyA thaa| rAjA ne rAjya ke pradhAna dhAnyakSetra mattAdhara nagara kI siMcAI ke lie eka nahara nikalavAyI thii| vaha pUrI ho gayI to 1064 I. meM rAjA usakA nirIkSaNa karane ke lie vahIM gayA aura usa avasara para jaba baha grAma ke nikaTa pahAr3I para sthita jinamandira ke darzana karane ke lie bhI gayA to usane mAnikkasehi Adi nagarapramukhoM se pUchA ki nagara ke bhItara unhoMne koI jinAlaya kyoM nahIM bnvaayaa| unhoMne vinayapUrvaka nivedana kiyA ki yaha kArya unakI sAmarthya se bAhara hai| mahArAja ke pAsa apAra dhanarAzi hai, vahI yaha zubha kArya sampanna karAe~ / rAjA ne prasanna hokara usa nagara meM bhI eka sundara jinAlaya banavA diyA aura usake lie una logoM se bhI dAna dilavAyA aura svayaM bhI bhUmi, dhya, rAjakara Adi kA dAma diyaa| nagara kA nAma bhI badalakara RSihalli rakha diyA / rAjadhAnI aMgaTi ke magara-jinAlaya kI bhI usane unnati kii| zAntideva ke ziSya zabdacaturmukha' upAdhidhArI ajitasena bhaTTAraka kA bhI rAjA ne sammAna kiyA pratIta hotA hai| yaha mareza cAlukya samrATa vikramAditya SaSTha kA mahAsAmanta evaM mANDalika napa thaa| apane jIvana ke pichale bhAga meM vinayAditya dvitIya ne rAjyakArya apane putra yuvarAja ereyaMga ko sauMpakara svayaM dharmasAdhana meM jIvana vyatIta kiyA thaa| aba vAstavika rAjA ereyaMga hI thaa| vaha bhI bar3A parAkramI vIra thaa| hoyasala rAje melappaziromaNi (pahAr3I rAjAoM meM ziramaura) aura mahAmaNDalezvara kahalAte the| ereyaMga ne 1094 I. meM saMgrasiddha dArzanika, tArkika evaM vAdI jainAcArya gopamandi kA sammAna kiyA thA, aura unheM belagola ke kalakpyU tIrtha kI aneka yasadiyoM (jinamandirI) ke jINoddhAra Adi ke lie kaI gA~va dAna diye the| gopanandi ke uparAnta 'jagadguru upAdhidhArI prasiddha vidvAna ajitasena (sambhavatayA yAdImasiMha) isa rAjA ke guru hue| yAda hoyasala rAje gaMgamaNDala ke adhIzvara kahalAte the aura jinadharma kI prabhAvanA evaM hitasAdhana meM prAcIna gaMganarezoM kA anukaraNa karane meM svayaM ko dhanya mAnate the / garecaMga me vIragaMga' upAdhi bhI dhAraNa kI thii| vibhayAditya dvitIya aura tribhuvanamalla ereyaMga kI mRtyu ghor3e hI antara se huI, sambhavatayA yuvarAja kA nidhana pitA ke jIvana kAla meM hI ho gayA thaa| apanI sAmarika vIratA ke lie vAra cAlukya samrATa kA balada bhujadaNDa (dAhinI bhujA) kahalAtA thaa| ereyaMga kI rAno caladevI se usake tIna putra ballAla, biTiMga aura udayAditya tathA eka putrI thii| yaha rAjakumArI maMgavaMzotpanna hemmaDideva ke sAtha vivAhI gayI thI, jo parama jinabhakta thaa| ballAla prathama (1101-1166 I.)-reyaMga kA jyeSTha putra thaa| usake dharmaguru evaM rAjaguru cArukIrti paNDitadeva the, jo kundakundAndhaya nandisaMgha-dezIgaNa-pustakagarala. hoyasala rAjavaMza :: 153

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iMgulezvarabali ke AcArya mahAna vAdI zrutakIrtideva ke ziSya the, aura svayaM vyAkaraNa, nyAya, siddhAnta, yogazAstra, mantrazAstra, Ayurveda Adi sabhI viSayoM meM niSpAta, vividha-vidhA-pAraMgata the| jisa samaya rAjA ballAla durdhara zatruoM kA gherA DAle par3A thA aura usakI azvArohI senA zatrusainya ko AtaMkita kara rahI thI, vaha svayaM eka asAdhya roga se pIr3ita ho gyaa| usa avasara para guru cArukIrti ne apane adbhuta auSadhi prayoga se rAjA ko zIghra hI nIroga evaM svastha kara diyA thA 1 kiMvadantI hai ki una munirAja ke zarIra ko karake bAla vAlI bhAlaH kara detI thii| san 1108 I. meM isa sajA ne apane eka senApati marayanne daNDanAyaka kI tIna sundarI kanyAoM kA vivAha suyogya varoM ke sAtha svayaM karA diyA thaa| agale varSa jasane caMgAlva nareza ko parAjita karake apane adhIna kara liyaa| jagadeva sAntara ne jaba usakI svayaM kI rAjadhAnI para AkramaNa kiyA to use parAjita karake bhagA diyA aura usake koSa evaM prasiddha ratnahAra ko hastagata kara liyaa| ballAla prathama ne zazakapara se haTAkara apanI rAjadhAnI bellura meM bnaayii| viSNuvardhana hoyasala (1106-1141 I.)--vallAla prathama kA anuja evaM uttarAdhikArI thaa| usakA mUla mAma biTTima yA biTTideva thA, kintu itihAsa meM vaha viSNuvardhana hoyasala ke nAma se vizeSa prasiddha hai| vaha hoyasala vaMza kA sarvaprasiddha nareza hai, jo mArI yoddhA, mahAn vijetA evaM atyanta zaktizAlI thaa| sAtha hI vaha bar3A udAra, dAnI, sarvadharmasahiSNu aura bhArI nirmAtA thaa| usane dvArasamudra (halevir3a) ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA-usa sundara nagara ke nirmANa evaM vikAsa kA mukhya zreya isI nareza ko hai| usane ghAlukyoM kI parAdhInatA se svayaM ko prAyaH mukta kara liyA, coloM ko bhI apane deza se nikAla bhagAyA aura isa prakAra apane rAjya ko sAmrAjya kA rUpa denA prArambha kara diyA thaa| uttarakAlIna vaidhyAva kiMvadantiyoM ke AdhAra se Adhunika itihAsa pustakoM meM prAyaH yaha likhA pAyA jAtA hai ki vaiSNavAcArya rAmAnukha meM isa rAjA ke samakSa jainoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karake rAjA ko vaiSNava banA liyA thA; pariNAmasvarUpa rAjA ne apanA nAma viSNavardhana rakha liyA, jainoM para atyAcAra kiye, unake guruoM ko pAnI meM pilavA diyA, zravaNabelagola ke bAhubali kI mUrti ko tathA anya aneka jaina mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM ko tur3avA diyA, unake sthAna meM dhaiSThAva mandira banavAye aura vaiSNava dharma ke pracAra ko apamA pradhAna lakSya banAyA thaa| kintu yaha saba kayana sarvathA mithyA, ayathArtha evaM bhramapUrNa hai| rAmAnujAcArya cola rAjya ke antargata zrIraMgama ke nivAsI, vizaSTAdvaitI dArzanika the aura unhoMne zrIvaiSNava mata ke nAma se madhyakAlIna vaiSNava dharma kA AvirbhAva kiyaa| usa mata ke puraskartA evaM samartha pracAraka vaha the. itanA to satya hai| parantu vaha svayaM dhArmika atyAcAra ke zikAra the| colanareza adhirAjendra kaTTara zaiva thaa| usake pUrvajoM ke samaya meM to rAmAmuja jaise-taise rahe, kintu vaha svayaM ina para atyanta kupita thA aura usI 23 1.54 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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ke alapacAroM se pIr3ita hokara vaha apanI janmabhUmi se kisI taraha prANa bacAkara bhAge the| usakA uttarAdhikArI kulotuMga cola jainadharma kA poSaka thA, ataeva usake samaya meM bhI yaha vApasa svadeza na jA sake aura ghUmate-ghUmate antataH karNATaka meM unhoMne isa madodita evaM zaktizAlI nareza viSNuvardhana kI zaraNa lii| yaha ghaTanA // 16 I. ke lAbhaga kI hai, aura usa samaya rAmAnuja paryApta vRddha ho cuke the| viSNuvardhana vidvAnoM kA Adara karanevAlA, udAra, sahiSNu aura samadarzI nareza thaa| usane ina AcArya ko zaraNa dI, abhaya aura prazraya bhI diyaa| sambhava hai ki usakI rAjasabhA meM katipaya jaina vidvAnoM ke sAtha rAmAnuja ke zAstrArtha bhI hue hoM, inakI vidvattA se bhI rAjA prabhAvita huA ho aura unheM apane rAjya meM svamata kA pracAra karane kI chUTa bhI usane de dI ho| eka-do viSNu-mandira bhI rAmadhAnI dvArasamudra meM usa kAla meM bane, aura unake nirmANa meM rAjA ne bhI dravya Adi kI kucha sahAyatA dI ho, yaha bhI sambhava haiN| yaha saba hote hue bhI viSNuvardhana hoyasala ne na to jainadharma kA parityAga hI kiyA, na usa para se apanA saMrakSaNa aura prazraya hI uvAyA aura ma vaiSNava dharma ko hI pUrNatayA aMgIkAra kiyA-use rAjyadharma ghoSita karane kA to prazna hI nahIM thaa| rAjA kA mUla kannaDiga nAma biTTiya, vihideva yA viSTivardhana thA, jisakA saMskRta rUpa 'viSNuvardhana' thaa| yaha mAma usakA prAramma se hI thA, rAmAnuja ke samparka yA tathAkathita prabhAva meM Ane ke bahuta pahale se thA, anyathA svayaM jaina zilAlekhoM meM usakA ullekha isa nAma se na hotaa| isake atirikta, 1121 I. meM mahArAja viSNuvardhana ne apane pradhAna senApati gaMgarAja ke eka AtmIya sovaNa kI prArthanA para hAdiravAmilu jaina basadi ke lie dAna diyA thA aura 1125 I. meM jainaguru zrIpAla traividha kA sammAna kiyA thaa| vAmarAjapahana tAluke ke zalya nAmaka sthAna se prApta 1125 I. ke zilAlekha ke anusAra adiyama, pallava narasiMhavarma, koMga, kalpAla, aMgara Adi bhUpattiyoM ke vijetA isa hoyasala nareza ne zalyanagara meM bhaktipUrvaka eka jaina vihAra banavAyA aura isa basadi ke lie tathA usameM jaina muniyoM ke AhAra Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie 'vAdImasiMha', 'vAdikolAhala', "tArkika-cakravartI Adi viruda prApta, svagaNanAyaka vidvAna jainaguru zrIpAladeva ko vahI grAma tathA anya samucita dAnAdi samarpita kiye the| san 1129 I. meM rAjA ne velUra-sthita mallinAtha jinAlaya ke lie dAna diyA thA, aura 1130 I. meM usake mahAsenApati maMgarAja ke putra boppa ne ruvAri drohagharaTTAcAri kanne dvArA rAjyAzraya meM zAmtIzvara-basadi mAmaka jinamandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isI nareza ke zAsanakAla meM usake do daNDanAyakoM-bharata aura mariyAne ne, jo paraspara sahodara the, pA~ca basadiyoM nirmANa karAyI thIM, jinameM se eka kANUragaNa ke lie aura cAra dezIgaNa ke lie thiiN| isa upalakSya meM kANUragaNa-tintriNIgaccha ke guru municandra ke ziSya meghavandrasiddhAnti ko dAna diyA gayA thaa| rAjA ke anucara-guNazIla-vratanidhi pegar3e mallinAtha ne, jo hovasala rAjavaMza :: 455

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nayakauti evaM bhAnukIrti bhunIndroM kA parama bhakta thA, 3191 I. meM rAjyAzraya meM eka sundara jinAlaya banavAyA, jise usame dhana se puSTa kriyA aura svayaM mahArAja ne bhI usameM yoga diyaa| hAlebir3a ke nikaTa sthita rastihalli kI prasiddha pArzvanAtha-basadi kA 1333 I. kA zilAlekha bhI viSNuvardhana hoyasala ko parama AsthAvAn jaina siddha karatA hai| usake mahAdaNDAdhipa (senApati) bopa aura ecirAja ne rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra (halevina, hastihalli usI kA eka bhAga thA) meM drohagharaTTa nAmaka bhavya jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| mandira kI pratiSThA ke avasara para hue bhagavAna jinendra ke abhiSeka kA pavitra gandhodaka lekara usa mandira kA pujArI rAjA ke pAsa baMkApura pahu~cA, jahA~ vaha usa samaya chAvanI DAle par3A thaa| sabhI-tabhI vaha masaNa kadamba nAmaka eka durdhara zatru sAmanta kA saMhAra karake vijayI huA thA, aura tabhI usakI rAnI lakSmI mahAdevI ne eka putra prasava kiyA thaa| isa vividha saMyoga se rAjA atyanta Anandita huA, pUjakAcArya ko devakAla hila se hAra karabara namaskAra karake usakA svAgata kiyA aura bhagavAn ke caraNodaka ko bhaktipUrvaka mastaka para car3hAkara kahA ki 'bhagavAn vijaya-pArzvadeva kI pratiSThA ke puNya phala se hI maiMne yaha vijaya aura putra prApta kiye haiN|' usane ukta mandira kA nAma bhI vijaya-pArzvadeva-yasadi nizcita kiyA aura usake nAma para hI saghAjAta rAjakumAra kA nAma bhI vijaya-marasiMhadeva rakhA tathA ukta jinAlaya ke lie jAgala nAma kA eka pUsa grAma bheMTa kiyaa| usI avasara para anya logoM ne bhI ukta jinAlaya ke lie bhUmi Adi ke dAna diye the| uparyukta abhilekha meM viSNuvardhana hoyasala kI aneka vijayoM aura yuddha parAkramoM kA ullekha karate hue usakI vipula guNa-prazaMsA kI hai aura aneka viruda diye haiM jinameM sarvAdhika ullekhanIya haiM-vIragaMga, tribhuvanamalla, zaraNAgata-baja-paMjara, vibudha-jana-kalpavRkSa, catussamaya-samuddharaNa (muni ArthikA-zrAvaka-zrAdhikA rUpa caturvidha saMgha kA saMrakSaNa karanevAlA), zastodaya-puNya-puMja, vAsantikAdevI-labdhavara-prasAda evaM mallikAmoda / saumyanAyakI jinAlaya ke ||37 I. ke zilAlekha meM rAjA ke eka anya kRpApAtra daNDanAyaka viSTriya ne rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra meM viSNavardhana-jinAlaya nAma kA mandira banavAyA thA aura usake lie rAjA se prApta karake eka gA~va tathA anya bhUmiyA~ pradAna kI thiiN| isa lekha meM bhI rAjA ke vIrya, zaurya aura vijayoM evaM guNoM kI prabhUta prazaMsA hai aura use sarasvatI-nivAsa batAyA hai| sindagere ke 1138 I. ke zilAlekha meM tathA zravaNabelagola Adi ke kaI anya abhilekhoM meM bhI usake nAma ke sAtha 'samyakavacUDAmaNi' upAdhi prayakta kI gayI hai| usa zilAlekha meM rAjA dvArA apane do anya jaina daNDanAyakoM ko prArthanA para eka jinAlaya ke lie grAmadAna kA ullekha hai| rAmAnujAcArya ke sAtha samparka hone ke bIsa-bAIsa varSa bAda bhI, jaba zAyada ukta AcArya kI mRtyu mI ho cukI thI, viSNuvardhana dvArA apane lie 'samyaktva-cUDAmaNi HOWSE 156 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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viruda kA prayoga ke prati usakI dhArmika niSThA kA hI sUcaka hai| yaha pratApI nareza prArambha se anta taka jainadharma kA udAra anuyAyI rahA, isameM koI sandeha nAhIM hai / vaha svayaM hI nahIM, balki usakI rAniyA~, putra-putriyA~, parivAra ke anya sadasyoM aura mantrI, senApati, rAjapuruSa, sAmanta-saradAroM meM se adhikatara jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| vizeSakara mahArAnI zAntaladevI, rAjakumArI hariyabbarasi, yuvarAja vijaya - narasiMha parama jaina the| inake atirikta gaMgarAja, boppa, purNisa, aici, baladeva, mariyAne, bharata aura viTTiyaNNa nAma ke usake ATha mahApracaNDa senApati parama jinabhakta the| inhIM jaina mahAvIroM ne viSNuvardhana ko aneka mahattvapUrNa yuddhoM meM vijayI banAkara hoyasala rAjya ko sudRr3ha, samRddha evaM zaktizAlI banAyA thA / mahArAnI zAntaladevI -- mahArAja viSNuvardhana poyasala kI paTTamahiSI thiiN| rAjA kI lakSmIdevI Adi anya kaI rAniyA~ thIM, jina sabameM pradhAna evaM jyeSTha hone ke kAraNa yaha paTTamahAdevI kahalAtI thiiN| kyoMki apanI sapatniyoM ko yaha niyantraNa meM rakhatI thiiN| inakA viruda 'udvRtta-savati gandhavAraNa, arthAt ucchRMkhala sotoM ke lie mattahasta prasiddha ho gayA thaa| apanI sundaratA evaM saMgIta, vAdya, nRtya Adi kalAoM meM nipuNatA ke lie yaha viduSIratna sarvatra vikhyAta thiiN| inake pitA mArasiMgayya pegaDe kaTTara zaiva the, kintu jananI mAcikabbe parama jinabhakta thiiN| rAnI ke mAnA baladeva, mAmA siMthimayya, anuja duddamahAdeva tathA mAmI, bahana, bhAvajeM Adi bhI jainadharma ke anuvAyI the| svayaM mahArAnI zAntidevI bar3I jinabhakta aura dharmaparAvaNa thiiN| mUlasaMgha- dezIgaNa pustakagacha- koNDakundAnvaya ke meghacandra traividyadeva ke pradhAna ziSya prabhAcandra- siddhAntadeva rAnI ke guru the unakI vaha gRhasthaziSyA thii| isa dharmAtmA mahArAnI ne zravaNabelagola para apane nAma para savati mandhavAraNa basati nAma kA eka atyanta sundara evaM vizAla jinAlaya banavAyA thA, jisakA zrImaNDapa 69 phuTa lambA aura 35 phuTa caur3A hai| san 1122 I. ke lagabhaga mahArAnI ne ukta jinAlaya meM bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI pA~ca phuTa uttuMga evaM kalApUrNa prabhAvati saMyukta manojJa pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| jina pratimA ke donoM ora do caurIvAhaka khar3e haiM, sukanAsA meM yakSa-yakSI, kimpuruSa aura mahAmAnasI kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| garbhagRha ke Upara sundara zikhara haiM aura mandira kI bAharI dIvAreM kalApUrNa stambhoM se alaMkRta haiN| yaha basadi aba bhI usa sthAna kA ati sundara mandira mAnA jAtA hai| mahArAnI ne 1123 I. meM jinAbhiSeka ke lie vahA~ maMga-samudra nAma ke sundara sarovara kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura basadi meM nitya devArcana tathA usake saMrakSaNa Adi ke lie rAjA kI prasannatA se prApta eka grAma svaguru ko bheMTa kiyA thaa| ukta basadi ke AcAryapada para ukta prabhAcandra-siddhAntideva ke ziSya muni mahendrakIrti ko niyukta kiyA gayA thaa| apane anuja duddamahAdeva ke sAtha rAnI ne eka grAma vIra koMgAlya- jinAlaya ke lie bhI pradAna kiyA thaa| san 1028 kI caitra zukla paMcamI somavAra ke dina mahApratApI viSNuvardhana hoyasala rAjavaMza : 157

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hoyasala kI isa priya paTTa-mahAdevI mahArAnI zAntaladevI ne zivagaMge nAmaka sthAna meM, sambhavatayA svaguru kI upasthiti meM, dharmadhyAna-pUrvaka svargagamana kiyA thaa| zravaNabelagola ke pIThAcArya cArakIrtidava ke gRhastha ziSya bokimayya nAma ke lekhaka dvArA racita tathA pUrvokta sati-gandhAraNa-vasa ke sIsare stambha para utkIrNa zilAlekha meM mahArAnI ke svargagamana kI ghaTanA kA varNana karate hue usake guNoM evaM dharmakAryoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| lekha meM use dvitIya lakSmI, aminavarukmiNI, pati-hita-satyabhAmA, pativratA-prabhAva-prasiddha-sItA, utta-savatigandhavAraNa, gIta-vAdya-sUtradhAra, manojarAja-vijaya-patAkA, nijakulAbhyudaya-dIpaka, pratyutpannavAcaspati, viveka-bRhaspati, lokaikavikhyAta, pratagaNazIla-cAritra-antaHkaraNa, puNyopArjanakaraNakAraNa, sakalabandIjana-cintAmaNi, munijana-vineyajana-vinIta, catuHsamaya-samuddharaNa, jinadharma-kathA-kathana-pramoda, AhArAbhayabhaiSajyazAstradAna-vinoda, bhavyajana-vatsalA, jinasamaya-samudita-prAkAra, jinadharmanirmala, jinagandhodaka-pavitrIkRtauttabhAMga aura samyaktyacUDAmaNi kahA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki isa dharmAtmA mahArAnI ke uparyukta viruda sArthaka the| mAdhikabje-mahArAnI kI dharmAtmA jananI mAthikabbe daNDAdhIza nAgavarma aura unakI bhAryA candikabbe ke putra pratApI daNDanAyaka baladevI kI putrI thI aura unakI jananI kA nAma bAdhikace thaa| pati mArasiMgayya ko chor3akara mAcikara kA zeSa samasta pariyAra parama jinabhakta yA parivAra ke sabhI puruSa kaI pIr3hiyoM se prasiddha parAkramI vIra senAnAyaka evaM sAmanta rahate Aye the| putrI zAntaladevI ke nidhana se mAtA mAcikacce ko atyanta dukha huA aura vaha saMsAra se virakta ho gayauM / ataH unhoMne zravaNabelagola meM jAkara apane guruoM prabhAcandra, vardhamAna aura ravicandra kI upasthiti meM eka mAsa kA anazanapUrvaka sallekhanA vrata liyA aura samAdhiparaNa kiyaa| ukta munirAjoM ne usa sAdhvI ke tapa saMthama evaM niSThA kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI thii| rAjakumArI hariyabbarasi-aparanAma hariyaladevI, viSNuvardhana hoyasala kI suputrI thI, aura usake jyeSTha putra tribhuvanamallakumAra ballAladeva kI choTI bahanoM meM sabase bar3I thii| rAjakumAra apanI isa dharmAtmA bahana se bahuta sneha karatA thaa| rAjakumArI kA vivAha siMha nAmaka eka aura sAmanta ke sAtha huA thA aura usake guru dezIgaNa-pustakamaccha ke mAghanandi ke ziSya gaNDavimukta-siddhAntadeva the, jinakI vaha gRhastha ziSyA thii| vaha guru bhI apanI vidvattA aura prabhAva ke lie jagata-vikhyAta the| hantUru nAmaka sthAna ke eka dhvasta jinAlaya meM prApta 1130 I. ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki usa kAla meM vaha nagara koDoMganAi ke malebaDi prAnta meM sthita thA, aura koDaMginAi kA tatkAlIna zAsaka uparyukta kumAra ballAladeva thaa| rAjakumArI ne apane guru kI preraNA aura bhAI ke sahayoga se, svadravya se ukta hantipura 158 :: pramukha motihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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nagara meM eka atyanta vizAla evaM manorama jinAlaya anavAyA, jo ratnakhacita tathA sundara maNimayI kalazoM se yukta zikharoMvAlA utuMga caityAlaya thaa| ukta jinAlaya meM bhagavAn ko nitya pUjA ke lie, sAdhuoM ke AhAradAna aura asahAya vRddhA striyoM ko zIta Adi se rakSA hetu AvAsa evaM bhojana Adi kI suvidhA dene ke lie tathA jinAlaya ke khaNDa-sphuTita-jIrNoddhAra Adi ke lie samasta rAja-karoM se mukta karAkara yahata-sI bhUmi bhAI ballAladeva dvArA syaguru gaNDavimukta siddhAntadeva ko pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka rAjakumArI ne samarpita karAyI thii| isa dAna zAsana ko mallinAtha nAma ke lekhaka ne racA thA aura maNibhoja ke putra 'vezyAbhujaMga' virudadhArI zilpI balakoja ne use utkIrNa kiyA thA / lekha meM rAjakumArI hariyaladevI kI tulanA sItA, sarasvatI, susImA, rukmiNI Adi prAcIna mahilAratnoM ke sAtha kI gayI hai aura use patiparAyaNa, caturvidhadAna-tatpara, viduSI, guNavAna, bhagavata-ahata-paramezvara ke gharaNa nakha-mayUkha se jisakA lalATa evaM palakanyugma suzobhita hote rahate the, aura samyaktyacUDAmaNi likhA hai| uparyukta dAna meM rAjakumArI ke pitA mahArAja viSNuvardhana kI sahamatti thii| senApati gaMgarAja-gaMga, gaMgaNa, gaMgapayya, maMgarAja viSNuvardhana, hoyasala ke senApatiyoM meM sarvapradhAna thA / vaha jaisA zUravIra, yoddhA aura yuddhavijetA, sainyasaMcAlaka aura sudakSa rAjanItijJa thA, vaisA hI svAmibhakta, dharmAtmA aura parama jinabhakta thaa| usakA prapitAmaha kauNDinyagotrIya dvija nAgama thA, jo brAhmaNa hote hue bhI 'jinadharmAgraNI' thaa| nAgavarma kA putra dharmAsmA mAramathya thA jisakI patnI kA nAma mAkaNabbe thaa| isa dampatI kA putra eca yA edhigAMka aparanAma budhamitra thA jo nRpakAma hoyasala kA Azrita mantrI evaM senAnAyaka thA aura mallUra ke kanakanandi guru kA grahastha ziSya thaa| usakI bhAryA atyanta guNavatI evaM dharmAtmA podhikacce thI jisane aneka dharma kArya kiye the, dAna diye the, belagola meM bhI aneka mandira banavAye the, aura anta meM 1121 I. meM samAdhimaramapUrvaka deha kA tyAga kiyA thaa| isa dharmAtmA dampatI ke suputra bammacamUpa aura gaMgarAja the| bamma bhI hoyasala nareza ke vIra senApati the aura unakA putra evirAja viSNuvardhana kA prasiddha daNDanAyaka thaa| bampacabhUpa ke choTe bhAI aura evirAja ke cAcA yaha suprasiddha gaMgarAja the| inakI bhAryA viduSI evaM dharmaparAyaNA lakSmIdevI (lakSmImati, nAgalAdevI yA lakkale) daNDanAyakittI thIM jinheM apane pati kI kAryanItivadhU' aura 'raNejayavadhU' kahA gayA hai| AhAra abhaya auSadhi zAstra, ina cAroM dAnoM ko satata dekara unhoMne 'saubhAgyakhAni kI upAdhi prApta kI thiiN| lakSmIdevI ne zravaNabelagola meM eka sundara jinAlaya banavAyA thA jo eemukadde-basadi ke nAma se prasiddha hai| unhoMne anyatra bhI kaI jinAlaya banavAye the, aura anta meM saMnyAsavidhipUrvaka zarIra tyAgA thaa| isa hoyasala rAjavaMza : 139

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mahilAratna ke guru zubhacandra tiddhAntideya the| svayaM gaMgarAja ke bhI vahI guru the| gaMgarAja aura lakSmImati kA putra boppa daNDeza thaa| ___apanI zUravIratA, mahAparAkrama, rAjyasevAoM aura dharmotsAha ke pratApa se gaMgarAja ne samadhigata-paMcamahAzabda, mahAsAmantAdhipati, mahApracaNDa-dAinAyaka, mahApradhAna, vairibhayadAyaka, drohadharaGga, viSNuvarddhana-bhUpAla-hoyasalamahArAja-rAjyAbhiSekapUrNakumma, gotrapavitra, bhavyajanahatyapramoda, AhAra-abhaya-bhaiSajya zAstra-dAna-vinoda, dharmahotaraNamUlastambha, budhajanamitra, zrIjainadharmAmRtAmbudhi-prabarddhana-sudhAkara aura samyaktva-ratnAkara-jaiso sArthaka evaM mahatvapUrNa padaviyoM, viruda aura upAdhiyoM prApta kI thiiN| hoyasanoM ke zilAlekhoM se pratIta hotA hai ki apane bar3e bhAI ballAla prathama kI mRtyu ke uparAnta, dUsare bhAI udayAditya ke virodha aura pANDya evaM sAnnaroM kI zatrutA ke kAraNa jaba viSNuvardhana kI sthiti atyanta DA~bADola thI to yaha gaMgarAja kA hI parAkrama evaM kauzala thA ki usane samasta zatruoM kA damana karake viSNAvardhana kA mArga niSkaNTaka kara diyA aura use mAmalArUda karake sakA vidhivata rAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA thaa| svabhAvatayA yaha mahArAja viSNuvardhana hoyatala kA dAhinA hAtha bana gayA, aura anta taka banA rhaa| isa nareza ke sammukha gaMgavADe pradeza se evaM usakI rAjadhAnI talakAI se coloM ko nikAla bAhara karane kI samasyA pramukha thii| yaha kArya bhI usane gaMgarAja ko hI sauMpA, aura ]}}7 I. taka vaha isa kArya meM pUrNatayA saphala huaa| usane karNATaka meM niyukta rAjendra cola ke tInoM sAmantoM, Adiyama, dAmodara evaM narasiMhavarbha ko pUrNatayA parAjita karake coloM ko usa deza se bAhara nikAla bhagAyA aura talakAr3a para adhikAra kara liyA / mahArAja meM prasanna hokara gaMgarAja se icchita puraskAra mAMgane ke lie Agraha kiyA to usa dharmavIra ne maMgavAdi deza ko mA~gA, kyoMki vaha prAnta prAcIna jaina-tIthoM aura jinamandiroM se bharA thA jinameM se aneka ko dharmadveSI coloM ne dhvasta yA naSTa kara diyA thA, aura gaMgarAja ko unakA jIrNoddhAra evaM saMrakSaNa karanA thaa| yaha mahat kArya usane bar3I udAratA evaM tatparatA ke sAtha kiyA bhii| puraskAra meM prApta gaMgavADi-96,000 prAnta kI samasta Aya usane prAcIna dhvasta mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra evaM saMrakSaNa, navIna mandiroM ke nirmANa, zravaNabelagola Adi tIrthI kI unnati tathA anya vividha rUpoM meM jinadharma kI prabhAvanA ke hitArtha vyaya kii| zilAlekhoM meM usakI tulanA gommaTa pratiSThApaka maMga-senApati mahArAja cAmuNDarAya se kI gayI hai| dezIgaNa-pustaka-gaccha ke kukkuTAsana-maladhArIdeva ke ziSya darzanamahodadhi zubhacandra- siddhAntideva usake guru the, jinheM usane 1118 I. meM hI eka grAma pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka samarpita kiyA thaa| anya bhI aneka dAna diye the| rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra kI pArzvanAtha-basadi meM bhI usane aneka jinapratibhAeM pratiSThita kasayI thIM, anyatra bhI aneka mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa evaM pratiSThA karAyI thii| apano dharmapatnI, putra evaM parivAra ke anya sadasyoM ke dvArA kiye gaye dhArmika kAryoM meM bhI 150 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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usakA pUrA sahayoga rahatA thaa| apanI mAtA aura patnI ke samAdhimaraNa kI smRti meM usane zravaNabelagola meM smAraka bhI sthApita kiye the| usane gommaTezvara kA parakoTA banavAyA thA aura zravaNabelagola ke nikaTa jinanAthapura nAmaka jainanagara basAyA thaa| vaha prAcIna kundakundAnvaya ke uddhAraka kahe gaye haiN| dharmabala se gaMgarAja alaukika zakti ke svAmI ho gaye the| eka zilAlekha meM likhA ki jisa prakAra pUrvakAla meM jinadharmAgraNI attiyavyarasi (attimabbe) ke prabhAva se godAvarI nadI kA pravAha ruka gayA thA, usI prakAra kAverI nadI ke pUra se ghira jAne para bhI, jinabhakti ke prasAda se maMgarAja kI lezamAtra bhI kSati nahIM huii| jaba vaha kannegala meM cAlukyoM ko parAjita karake lauTe to viSNuvardhana mahArAja ne unase varadAna mA~gane ke lie khaa| unhoMne parama nAmaka grAma mAMgakara use apanI mAtA tathA bhAryA dvArA nirmApila jinamandiroM ko bheMTa kara diyaa| isI prakAra sajA se govindavAhi grAma prApta karake gommaTezvara ko arpaNa kara diyaa| jo puraskAra pAyA, sadaiva isa prakAra dAna dene meM hI usakA upayoga kiyaa| aisA jinabhakta evaM dharmotsAhI hote hue bhI usakA dharma usakI rAjanIti meM aura unake svAmI ke kArya meM kabhI bAdhaka nahIM huA, sadaiva sAdhaka hI huA 1 usane zoloM ke atirikta kaumudeza aura caMgeri ko bhI apane svAmI ke lie vijaya kiyA aura kaI durdhara sAmantoM kA damana kiyaa| hoyasalI ne cAlukya vikramAditya pAla ke sAmanta tribhuvanamalla pANDya ko parAjita karake usase ucchaMgI kA prasiddha durga chIna liyA thA, jisakA badalA lene ke lie svayaM cAlukya samrATa ne apane bAraha mahAbalI sAmantoM sahita hoyasala rAjya para AkramaNa kara diyaa| viSNuvardhana ne turanta gaMgarAja ko dakSiNa se bulAkara ghAlukyoM ke viruddha uttara meM bhejA aura isa mahAvIra senAdhipati ne cAlukya samrATa tathA usake una mahAsAmantoM ko burI taraha parAjita karake apane rAjya kI sImA se bAhara kara diyaa| yaha ghaTanA 118 I. kI hai| gaMgarAja kI ina camatkArika vijayoM kA mahattva asIma kaa| ina vijayoM ne hoyasaloM ko svatantra hI nahIM, atyanta zaktizAlI bhI banA diyaa| isI kAraNa zilAlekhoM meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra indra kA vaja, balarAma kA ila, viSNu kA cakra, zaktidhara kI zakti aura arjuna kA gANDIva thA, usI prakAra viSNuvardhana nareza ke parama sahAyaka-usakI vAstavika zakti gaMgarAja the| unheM 'vizAvardhana poyasala mahArAja kA rAjyotkarSakA ThIka hI kahA gayA hai| yaha Adarza jaina dharmavIra evaM karmavIra jaise udAra evaM pragativAdI vicAroM kA prabuddha narazreSTha thA, yaha isa bAta se prakaTa hotA hai jo vaha kahA karatA thA ki sAta naraka to vAstava meM yaha hai-jhUTha bolanA, yuddha meM pITha dikhAnA, paradAsarata honA, zaraNArthiyoM ko zaraNa ma denA, adhInastha ko aparitRpta rakhanA, jinheM pAsa rakhanA cAhie unakA parityAga karanA aura svAmI se droha krnaa| san 1132-33 I. ke lagabhaga gaMgarAja svargastha he| dapaThanAyaka bopa-senApati gaMgarAja kA suyogya suputra daNDeza bopadeva bhI hoyasala rAjavaMza ::181

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bar3A zUravIra aura dharmiSTha thaa| apane svanAmadhanya janaka jananI kA Adarza usakA satata preraka thaa| zilAlekhoM meM use 'budha-bandhu', 'satAM bandhu'-jaise virudoM ke sAtha yAda kiyA gayA hai| AcArya zubhacandra, prabhAcandra aura nayakIrti siddhAntacakravartI usake guru the| prasiddha daNDanAyaka bharata aura mariyAne usake sAle the| san 1133 I. meM boppa ne apane priya pitA 'drohapara' gaMgarAja kI puNyasmRti meM drohavaraha-jinAlaya nAma kA eka manohara jinabhavana rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra ke kendrasthala meM banavAyA thaa| isI jinAlaya ke jinAbhiSeka kA gandhodaka mastaka para car3hAkara rAjA ne usakA nAma vijaya pArzva- jinAlaya rakhA thA aura usake hetu dAna Adi diye the| tadanantara vIra daNDanAyaka boppa ne rAjya ke zatruoM para AkramaNa kiyA aura unakI prabala senA ko khader3akara koMgoM ko burI taraha parAjita kiyA thaa| san 1195 I. meM bopya ne apane bhAI (tAU ke putra ) daNDanAyaka ecirAja ke samAdhimaraNa kara lene para usakI niSadyA (smAraka) nirmANa karAyI aura usake dvArA nirmArpita jinamandiroM ke lie gaMgasamudra kI kucha bhUmi zubhacandra ke ziSya mAdhavacandradeva ko pradAna kii| usane zravaNabelagola meM 1198 I. meM boppaNacaityAlaya aparanAma trailokyaraMjana-jinAlaya ni nirmANa karA usameM pratiSThApita neminAtha pratimA ko uparyukta bandhu ecaNa (ecirAja) kI smRti saMrakSaNArtha pratiSThita karAyA thA / kadambahalli ko zAntIzvara basadi bhI isa boppa austion ne hI banavAyI thii| yaha bhArI vidvAn aura vidhArasika bhI thaa| jakkaNace daNDanAyakakIrti-gaMgarAja ke jyeSTha bhrAtA bammadeva camUpati kI bhAryA, boppa kI tAI, ecirAja kI mAtA yA vimAtA aura zubhacandradeva kI gRhastha-ziSyA bar3I dharmAtmA mahilA thii| usane mokSatilaka nAmaka vrata kiyA thA, pASANa meM nayaNadeva kI mUrti khudavAyI thI, zravaNabelagola meM eka sarovara banavAyA thA aura jinapratimA pratiSThita karAyI thii| usa sthAna kI cAmuNDarAya basadi ke 1123 I. ke eka stambha lekha meM isa mahilAratna ke guNoM, jinabhakti, gurubhakti Adi kI prazaMsA hai| lekha meM guru zubhacandra ke svargArohaNa kA tathA jakkaNabbe dvArA unakI niSadyA banavAne kA ullekha hai| 1 daNDanAyaka ecirAja- gaMgarAja ke jyeSTha bhrAtA bammadeva camUpati kA vIra putra thaa| usakI mAtA bAmagabdhe muni bhAnukIrti kI gRhasya ziSyA thii| usI kA aparanAma sambhavatayA jakkabbe thA, athavA yaha bammadeva kI dUsarI patnI thii| jakkaNanbe bhI bar3o dharmAtmA thii| eka zilAlekha meM svayaM vammadeva ko yazasvI, dhanapati, vidyApati aura jinapati-padAbjabhRMga camUpati (senApati) kahA hai| unakA suputra yaha eca camUpati bhI bar3A vora aura dharmaniSTha thaa| apane cAcA suprasiddha gaMgarAja aura bandhu boppadaNDeza ke laukika evaM dhArmika kAryoM meM unakA parama sahAyaka thaa| koppaNA aura zravaNabelagola jaise tIrthoM para usane aneka jinAlaya banavAye the| usakI bhAryA ecikave bhI rUpa-guNa-nidhAna, dharmAtmA mahilA thI aura zubhacandradeva kI gRhastha-ziSyA 162 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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thii| anta meM jaba 135 I. meM isa karmavIra aura dharmavIra ecirAja daNDanAyaka ne samAdhimaraNApUrvaka zarIra kA tyAga kiyA aura usakI smati meM bopadeva ne jo smAraka (niSadhA) banavAyA, dAnAdika diye, unameM ecirAja kI mAtA bAgAyace aura patnI ecikabbe kA bhI yoga thaa| sAmanta-hoyasala narezoM kA eka dharmAtmA sAmanta thA aura nAmale mAtA kA suputra tathA zubhacandra-siddhAntideva kA gRhastha-ziSya thaa| vaha rUpavAn, guNavAn, zUravIra, tejasvI evaM dharmiSTha rAjapuruSa thaa| usakI do bahaneM thIM, jinameM eka demati (devamati) thI jo cAmuNDa nAmaka pratiSThita evaM rAjamAnya zreSThi ke sAtha vivAhI thI, dUsarI lakkale yA lakSmImati suprasiddha gaMgarAja kI dharmAtmA patnI thii| ye tInoM bhAI-bahana ukta zubhacandradeva ke gRhastha-ziSya the| dharmAtmA devamatI ne 1120 I. meM aura dharmaparAyaNa lakSmImatI ne 1121 I. meM samAdhimaraNapUrvaka dehatyAma kiyA thaa| unakA dharmAtmA bhAI bUdhaNa unake pahale hI, 1115 I. meM samAdhimaraNa dvArA svargastha ho cukA thaa| yUdhaNa kI dharmAtmA patnI cAmale (cAmiyakka) mAcirAja-pegar3e aura marudevI kI putrI tathA nyakIrti kI gRhastha-ziSyA thii| guru ke svargastha hone para 1128 I. meM usane unakI smRti meM tagaDUra meM jinAlaya banavAyA thA, jisake lie usane, dharmAtmA vIra sAmana: Arr. ne so mArane kI karaNI ko dAna diyA thaa| daNDanAyaka baladevapaNa--viSNubaMdhana hoyasala kA eka prasiddha mantrI aura vIra senAnI thaa| yaha rAlA Aditya aparanAma arasAditya kI bhAryA AcAmbike se utpanna unakA tRtIya putra thaa| usake jyeSTha bhrAtA pamparAya aura harideva tathA bhatIjA mAdhirAja bhI mahArAja ke vIra senAnI the aura parama jinabhakta the| abhilekhoM meM usakA mantrI yUvAggraNI, guNI, sakalasacivanAtha evaM jinapAdAMdhi-sevaka-jaise vizeSaNoM ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| vaha sajA ke zatruoM kA damana karanevAlA, mahAsAhasI, paradArAvirata, sarasvatI kA kaNTAbharaga, yazasvI, rUpavAna aura jinabhakta thaa| vaha aura usake bhAI, tInoM kapATaka-kula ke AbhUSaNa kahalAte the| daNDanAtha puNisamaya-puNasa, puNisa thA puNitapayya mahArAja vizavadhana hoyasala kA rAjadaNDAdhIza evaM sandhivigrahika-mantrI thA aura mahAsenApati gaMgarAja ke pramukha dhIra sAthiyoM meM parigaNita thaa| usake pUrvaja bhI rAjya ke amAtya rahate Aye the| pitAmaha sakalazAsana-vAcaka cakravartI puNisarAja daNvAdhIza the, jinakI dharmapatnI kA nAma pocale thaa| isa dampatI ke tIna putra the...cAvaNa (cAmarAja), korapa aura naagdev| inameM se thAmarAja dhagUpati kI prathama patnI arasikavve se prastuta mantrIrAja puNisamaya daNDanAtha kA janma huA thaa| vaha bar3A vIra yoddhA aura kuzala senAnI evaM aneka yuddhoM kA vijetA thaa| nIlagiri ke yuddhoM meM cola-nareza ke kaI sAmantoM ko parAjita karake usane apane svAmI ko dakSiNa dizA kI kuMjI hI pradAna hoyasala sanaveza :: 168

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.. T : : kara do thI aura sudUra dakSiNa kI bijayoM ke lie usakA mArga prazasta kara diyA thA tathA malaya evaM kerala pradezoM para usakA AMdhakAra kara diyA thaa| cAmarAjanagara kI pArzvanAtha-basadi ke 117 I. ke zilAlekha meM usakI sAmarika zUravIratA, parAkrama aura vijayoM kA varNana hai aura usake guNoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA hai| usase patA calatA hai, ki yaha gaMgarAja ke samAna hI vizAla hRdaya thA aura usane dharma evaM mAnavatA kI samAna rUpa se sevA kI thii| yuddhoM ke kAraNa jo vyApArI-vyavasAyI nidhana aura vipanna ho gaye the, jina kisAnoM ke pAsa bone ke lie bIja nahIM thA, jo kirAta saradAra hAra jAne ke kAraNa apane parivAra se vaMcita hue yatra-tatra naukarI cAkarI DhU~r3hate phirate the, unakI tathA una anya sabakI jinakI hAni huI thI, puNisamayya ne kSatipUrti kI, unheM sahAyatA dI aura unake pAlana-poSaNa kI vyavasthA kI thii| isa prakAra usane anaginata asahAya, nirasahAya vyaktiyoM kI sahAyatA kii| usakI paropakAra vRtti kA lAbha jaina aura ajaina sabako samAna rUpa se prApta hotA thaa| usa udAracetA evaM dharmAnurAgI mantrIzvara ne aneka jinamandira bhI banavAye the| binA kisI bhayasaMcAra ke usane prAcIna gaMganarezoM kI bhA~ti hI gaMgavADi deza kI basadiyoM ko zobhA se sajita kiyA thaa| epaNe nADu ke arakoSTAra sthAna meM usane trikUTa-basadi banavAyI thI, jisake lie !|17 I. meM 'mUdAna kiyA thaa| usakI patnI daNDanAyikiti jakaNabje bhI bar3I dharmAtmA thI / sItA aura rukmiNI ke sAtha usakI tulanA kI jAtI thii| usI varSa usane eka pASANanirmita sundara jinAlaya banavAyA thA, jisake uttara kI ora svayaM puNisa ne mUlasthAna-basAda nAmaka bhanorama jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| vaha basadi rAjadhAnI ke viSaguvadhana-poyasala jinAlaya se sambaddha thii| puNisa kI vimAtA cauNDale kA putra biTTiga thaa| mahApradhAna daNDanAyaka puNisamayya ke guru ajitasena-paNDitadeva the jo svayaM dramilasaMghI amantavIrya ke ziSya the| mAriyAne aura bharata-viSNavardhana hoyasala ke the donoM prasiddha cIra daNDanAyaka evaM mantrI paraspara sage bhAI the| unake pUrvajoM kA sambandha hoyasala narezoM ke sAtha purAnA calA AtA thaa| rAjA vinayAditya prathama hoyasala kA eka vIra senAnI mariyAne daNDanAyaka (prathama) thA, jo jAti meM 'bhAradvAjagotrI brAhmaNa aura dharma se jaina thaa| rAjA aura usakI rAnI keleyambarali kA vaha kRpApAtra thaa| sanI ne rAjadhAnI zazakapura meM hI svayaM rAjA kI lapasthiti meM ukta mariyAne prathama kA vivAha dekade-daNDanAyakitti ke sAtha 1045-46 I. meM karA diyA thA aura bheMTa meM use AsandinA kA sindagerI sthAna pradAna kiyA thaa| dekade se usake bhASaNa aura DAkarasa nAma ke do putra utpanna hue| mariyAne prathama kI dUsarI patnI cAmave se utpanna tInoM putriyoM-pamAna, cAmana aura bopadevI kA vivAha ballAla prathama ne svayaM 1103 I. meM eka hI maNDapa meM suyogya varoM ke sAtha kiyA thA aura usa avasara para dUdha-pilAyI ke rUpa meM sindagerI kA svAmitva mAriyAne prathama ko punaH pradAna kara diyA *990SBS H Slams NESAMEERUTION ....................10124talentillestt th :: pramukha lihAsika jana puruSa aura mahilAe~ .. .

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thA mariyAne prathama ke putra dAnAtha DAkarasa kI patnI yecikka se prastuta mariyAne dvitIya kA janma huA thaa| usakA sahodara mAkaNacApa thA aura dUsarA bhAI bharata (bharatamayya, bharatezvara) thA jo usakI vimAtA duggabbe se utpanna huA thaa| mariyAne aura bharata bhrAtRya ne viSNuvardhana hoyasala ke samaya meM sAtha-sAtha abhUtapUrva unnatti kii| ina vIroM kI yugala jor3I apane bIrya, zaurya, parAkrama, rAjanIti-kuzalatA aura dharmaniSThA ke lie sarvatra prasiddha ho gyii| mahArAja ne ina donoM bhAiyoM ko saMyukta rUpa se sarvAdhikArI, mANika-maNDArI tathA prANAdhikArI pada pradAna kiye the| mariyAne daNDanAyaka ko apanA 'paTTadAne' (rAjya-gajendra) samajhakara rAjA ne apanA senApati inaayaa| apanI dharmaniSThA ke lie ina donoM zUravIroM ko niravadha-lakSmI-ratnakuNDala, nitya-jinAbhiSeka-nirata, jinapUjAmahotsAhajanitapramoda, caturvidha-dAna-vinoda Adi viruda prApta hue the| mariyAne gaMgarAja ke jAmAtA the aura mariyAne evaM bharata kI bhaginI maMgarAja ke putra bopadeva daNDanAyaka ke sAtha vivAhI thii| sindigerI kI brahmezvara-basadi ke dAlAna meM sthita stambha para utkIrNa 1138 I. ke zilAlekha meM bharata daNDanAyaka kI atyanta sAhityika kalApUrNa prazasti prApta hotI hai, jisase patA calatA hai ki usakA dhana jinamandiroM ke lie thA, usakI dayA sabhI prANiyoM ke lie thIM, usakA citta jinarAja kI pUjA-arcA meM nirata thA, usakA audArya samjanavarga ke lie thA aura dAna sanmunIndroM ke hitArtha thaa| usane zravaNabelagola meM assI navIna sadiyA~ nirmANa karAyI thI aura gaMgADi kI do sI purAnI basadiyoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| ye donoM bhAI dezIgaNa-pustakagaccha ke AcArya mAdhanandi ke ziSya gaNDavimuktavatI ke gRhasva-ziSya the| ye donoM viSNuvardhana ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI narasiMha prathama ke samaya meM bhI padArada the aura ukta nareza se unhoMne 500 honna dekara sindigerI Adi tIna grAmoM kA prabhutva eka bAra phira prApta kiyA thaa| unakA sampUrNa parivAra parama jimabhakta thaa| bharatezvara ne zravaNabelagola meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke pratApI putroM bharata aura bAhubali kI pratimAe~ bhI sthApita kI thii| unake cahu~ora eka parakoTA banavAyA thA, eka vizAla garbhagRha, raMgazAlA aura pakkI sIr3hiyoM banavAyI thIM / marata kI dharmAtmA putrI zAntaladevI, jo bUdhirAja ke sAtha vivAhI thI, ke 1160 I. ke zilAlekha meM bharata ke uparyukta dharmakAryoM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| bharata kI dharmapatnI hariyale ke guru muni mAghamandi the| bharata ke putra vihideva aura mAriyAne vratIya the| mariyAne ke putra parata dvitIya aura bAhubali bhI bar3e bIra senAnI aura dharbhAlA the| ballAla dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM unhoMne prabhUta pratiSThA prApta kI thii| mariyAne dvitIya kI patnI jakkApaJce se bimmaladevI (bammala) nAma kI putrI utpanna huI thI jo narasiMha prathama ke mahApradhAna jaina dhIra pArisaraNa ke sAtha vivAhI thii| mariyAne dvitIya ke putra boppa aura hegmaDadeya the, unakA hI aparanAma bharata aura bAhubali rahI pratIta hotA hai| hoyasala rAjavaMza :: 155

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: : viSNu daNDAdhinAtha- aparanAma impaDi bidimayya mahArAja viSNuvardhana hoyasala kA atyanta snehapAtra bAlavIra daNDanAyaka thaa| kAzyapagotrI udayAditya kI patnI zAntiyAka se cinnarAja gutpanna huA thA jo ereyaMga hoyasala kA rAjamantrI evaM dAyAdhIza thaa| usakI patnI candale se udayaNa aura bihimayya aparanAma viSNa, ye do putra utpanna hue the| viSNu choTA putra thA jo nava candramA kI bhA~ti AkAra aura yaza meM nirantara bar3hatA calA gyaa| bAlyAvasthA meM hI usake mAtA-pitA kI mRtyu ho gayI aura svayaM mahArAja viSNuvardhana ne usakA putravat pAlana-poSaNa kiyA tathA bar3e samAroha ke sAtha upanayana saMskAra kiyA / vaha bAlaka itanA vyutpanna thA ki thor3I hI Ayu meM astra-zastra-saMcAlana tathA anya vividha vidyAoM meM pAraMgala ho gayA aura mahArAja ne usakA vivAha apane eka rAjamantrI kI kanyA ke sAtha kara diyaa| yuvAvasthA ko prApta hone ke pUrva hI vaha bAlavIra mahApracaNDanAyaka banA diyA gayA thaa| usakI kuzAgra buddhi, rAjamavita. nispRhatA, saMyama aura dhairya se prasanna hokara rAjA ne na kevala use apanA daNDanAyaka hI banAyA, varana use saMvAdhikArI padamI / de diyaa| aba kaha sakala-anopakArI kAryoM ko karane kI sAmarthyavAlA ho gayA thaa| eka pakSa ke bhItara hI isa bAlavIra senApati ne kaugudeza para bhISaNa AkramaNa karake zatru ko yurI taraha parAjita kiyA aura apane adhIna kara liyA thaa| apanI camatkArI vijayoM ke kAraNa vaha thor3I Ayu meM hI mahArAja kA dAhinA hAya bana gyaa| grelUra ke saumbanAyakI-jinamandira kI chata meM utkIrNa 1137 I. ke zilAlekha ke anusAra mahArAja viSNuvardhana ke pAdamUla se prabhUta tathA unhIM ke kAruNya-sneharUpI amRtapravAha se parivarddhita isa mahAkramI daNDanAyaka ne Adhe mahIne ke bhItara hI pUre dakSiNa kI (hoyasala rAjya ke dakSiNavartI dezoM kI) digvijaya kara lI thI-cera, cola, pApaDya, pallava Adi samasta dezoM ko vijaya kiyA thaa| etadartha usane subhaTacUDAmaNi, camupacUDArana, ciNNama-niyaputra, vipulayazaHkalpavallI-vilAsa, nayavinayavIravitaraNa, guNasampanna, vipazcijanaikazaraNa, zrImad-ahaMtparamezvara-pada-payoja-dharacaraNA Adi viruda prApta kiye the| isa viSNudaNDAdhipa ne aneka pavitra tIrthasthAnoM ko pracura dAnAdi diye the aura aneka sarvajana hitopayogI kArya kiye the| taduparAnta rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra meM viSNuvardhana-jinAlaya nAma kA eka vizAla evaM atyanta bhavya jinamandira banavAyA thaa| usakA nAmakaraNa apane pitRtulya svAmI mahArAja ke nAma para hI kiyA thA, aura usakI pratiSThA meM baha sammilita bhI hue the| mandira kA nirmANa aura pratiSThA karAke 1137 I. kI uttarAyaNa saMkrAnti ke dina viSNudaNDAdhipa ne mahArAja se puraskAra svarUpa bolaladara grAma tathA anya bhUmi bhI prApta karake mandira ke khaNDaprasphuTita-jIrNoddhAra, RSi-AhAradAna aura deva kI pUjA-arcA kI vyavasthA ke nimitta dAna kara dI thii| isa bAlavIra daNDanAyaka ke guru dramilasaMgha-nandigaNa-aruMga-lAdaya ke malliSeNa-maratadhArIdeva ke ziSya jagadguru zrIpAla-vidhadeva the| 166 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~ MAR S

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Parisodeshionline mAdirAja-haggaDe pAdathya, mAdhava yA mADirAja kA pitA yogamayya thA aura patnI umayabbe thii| vaha viSNuvardhana kA zrIkaraNada (mahAkopa-lekhAdhikAro) evaM mantrI thA aura apanI vaktRtA se rAjasamA ko prabhAvita rakhatA thaa| zrIpAla vidya kA vaha ziSya thaa| khaMgamaTTI nadI ke kinAre usane zrIkaraNa-jinAlaya banavAkara 1145 I. meM usake lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| nolambiseSTi-viSNuvardhana ke samaya meM poyasala-seTTi evaM dvArasamudra-paTTayasAmi, arthAt rAjyaseTha evaM magarasela aura zubhacandra-siddhAnti ke gRhastha ziSya the| unakI dharmAtmA, dAnazIlA evaM jinabhUjAmakta seThAnI demikabbe ne nikRTa-jinAlaya, sarovara, dAnazAlA Adi banavAkara 125 I. ke lagabhaga basadi ke lie prabhUta dAna diye the| anya seThoM se bhI dilvaaye| mUlanAyaka pAzvanAtha the| dAna diyA gayA mukhya grAma aInahalli thaa| malliseTTi aura caTTikabbe-dammiseSTi ke putra malliseTTi ko caladaGkarAvahoyasala seSTi kI upAdhi aura azyAvale (elorA) ke zAsaka kA pada milA thaa| usakI jinadharma-parAyaNA, dAnazIlA bhAryA caTTikabbe turabammarasa aura sugabbe kI yubI thii| usakA putra bUcaNaM, thaa| una mAtA evaM putra ne 1197 I. ke lagabhaga ukta malliseTTi kI smRti meM niSadhA banavAyI thii| narasiMha prathama hoyasala (1141-73 I.)-viSNuvardhana kI rAnI lakSmIdevI se utpanna usakA putra vijaya-narasiMhadeva usakA uttarAdhikArI huaa| janma samaya hI usakA yauvarAjyAbhiSeka kara diyA gayA thA, aura apane pitA kI mRtyu ke samaya vaha kevala 8 varSa kA bAlaka mAtra thaa| caya prApta karane para mI baha Amoda-pramoda meM adhika vyasta rahA / usake samaya meM sAmrAjya kI mahattA aura pratiSThA kI rakSA usake pratApI pitA ke nAma ke prabhAva se tathA usake svAmibhakta, suyogya evaM dhIra jaina senApatiyoM aura mantriyoM kI tatparatA ke kAraNa hI huii| pUrvokta mariyAne, bharata Adi daNDanAyakoM ke atirikta devarAja, hulla, pArzva, zAntiyaNa aura Izvara jaise anya kaI suyogya, kuzala, vIra pacaM svAmibhakta jaina daNDanAyaka tathA mantrI ule prApta ho gaye the| rAjA svayaM jaina thA aura deva-guru kA Adara karatA thaa| apane ukta jainavIroM ke dharma kAryoM meM vaha utsAha ke sAtha yoga detA thaa| unake nimapita jinamandiroM meM darzanArtha jAtA thA, unake lie dAna detA thA aura unake nAmakaraNa Adi meM bhI ruci letA thaa| usakI "jamadekamalla' upAdhi bATa sUcita karatI hai ki nAma ke lie hI sahI, soyasala nareza abhI taka cAlukya samrAToM kA Adhipatya svIkAra karate the| mAri aura govinda seSTi-viSNuvardhana ke kRpApAtra mahAmrabhu pemaDi ke jyeSTha putra bhImayya kI bhAryA devalabbe se do putra, masaNiseTri aura mAriseSTi hue| mAri ne dvArasamudra meM ekkoTi-jinAlaya nAma kA ati utuMga mandira banavAyA thaa| usake putra govinda ne muguli meM movinda-jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| vaha pUrA parivAra parama dhArmika hoyasala rAjavaMza :: 157

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. .. ..... thaa| aura hAmilasaMdhI zIlAladeva kA sAI mizArA vArasya mUtti kA baha gRhastha-ziSya dhaa| govinda jinAlaya ke lie svayaM hoyasala narasiMha prathama ne 1147 I. meM vAsupUjya guru ko dhArApUrvaka bhUmi dAna diyA thaa| usa avasara para bharata-daNddeza bhI upasthita the| anya logoM ne bhI dAna diyA thaa| mahApradhAna devarAja kauzikagotrIya, vidvajjana-anurAgI evaM jinapadasedhI devarAja (prathama) nAma kA brAhmaNa sajjana thaa| usakI patnI kApikacce se udayAditya nAma kA yazasvI evaM guNavAna putra huA / udayAditya kI bhAryA kirugaNayye se prastuta devarAja (dvitIya), somanAtha aura zrIdhara nAma ke tIna suputra hue| vaha devarAja dvitIya hoyamala nareza narasiMha prathama ke mahApradhAna the aura unake guru dezIgaNa pustakagaccha ke aInandi muni ke ziSya evaM narendrakIrti-vidya ke sadhamA municandra bhaTTAraka the| apane vaMza ke bhUSaNa una mahApradhAna devarAja ke viruda samyaktvaratnAkara, nikhila-bhavyAjanaikArNavapUrNacandra, suhajjana-vipada-nidrAyaNa, bhavyacUDAmaNi, kaDucariteya Adi the| unakI bhAryA kAmaladevI zrI jinendradeva ke caraNa-kamaloM ko bhramarI, advitIya mahilAratna thiiN| devarAja ko mahArAja ne sUranahalli nAma kA grAma puraskAra svarUpa pradAna kiyA thA, jisameM isa mahApradhAna ne pAvajinendra kA amarendra ke bhavana jaisA sundara mandira banavAyA thaa| ukta mandira ke lie mahArAja se ukta grAma ko svaguru municandradeva ko pApa-prakSAlanapUrvaka bheMTa karA diyA thaa| svarya mahArAja ne mandira ke darzana karake aura prasanna hokara usa sthAna kA nAma hI badalakara 'pAyapura' rakha diyA thaa| devarAja ko hoyasala mahIzarAjya-bhUbhannilava-maNipradIpakalaza aura zrI jinadharmanirmala-abhyara-himakara bhI kahA gayA hai| senApati hullarAja vAjivaMzatilaka yakSarAja kI suzIlA mAya lokAmbike se utpanna unake suputra hulla (hullappa, hullamavya) hoyasala narasiMha prathama ke senApatiyoM evaM mantriyoM meM sarvAdhika prasiddha evaM sarvamahAnu the| mahApradhAna sarvAdhikArI, sacicAdhIza, hiriyabhaNDArI, amUpati, daNDAdhipa Adi padoM para ArUr3ha, ina mantrIzvara ko rAjanIti meM bRhaspati se bhI adhika pravINa, zAsana-prayandha meM yaugandharAyaNa se bhI adhika kuzala aura sAmrAjya ke saMrakSaNa meM abhinavagaMgarAja, tatkAlIna zilAlekhoM meM batAyA gayA hai| baha nayakIrti-siddhAntadeya ke gRhastha-ziSya the, aura kukkuTAsamamaladhArIdeva unake vrataguru the, jinake gharaNoM meM namana karane meM vaha atyanta prasannatA anubhava karate the| mahAmaNDalAcArya devakIrti tathA anya aneka tatkAlIna muninAyoM ke vaha bhakta the| unakI sundarI, viduSI evaM dharmAtmA patnI kA nAma padamaladevI yA padmAvatI thA, jo lalanA-ratna, rUpa-zIla-guNa-nidhAna thii| hulla ke lakSmaNa aura amara nAma ke do choTe bhAI the aura putra narasiMha thA jo ballAla dvitIya kA saciyAdhIza huaa| mahAmantrIzvara ra mahAsenApati ke rUpa meM tathA jainadharma ke prabhAvaka ke rUpa meM sarvatra hallarAja kI glyAti thii| parama jinabhakta hone ke sAtha siwarimshNews 168 :: pramukha aitihAsika jana puruSa aura mahilAe~

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15.20A hI sAdha vaha atyanta vicakSaNa rAjanItijJa evaM bIra yoddhA thaa| viSNuvardhana hoyatala ke samaya meM hI usakI niyukti ho gayI thii| narasiMha ke pUre zAsanakAla meM vaha rAjA kA dAhinA hAtha rahA aura unake uttarAdhikArI ballAla dvitIya ke samaya meM bhI apane pardI para banA rahA / isa prakAra isa svAmibhakta bIra mantrirAja ne sIna hoyasala narezoM kI niSThApUrvaka sevA kI dhii| isa dharmAtmA rAjapuruSa ne aneka navIna jinamandira banavAye aura aneka rAhoM kA jApaTA karAyAsatiNamA meM mAnAMdhika ullekhanIya zravaNabelagola kA caturyizatijinAlaya hai| yaha vizAla evaM atyanta manohara jinabhavana 26th phuTa lambA aura 78 phuTa caur3A hai jo garbhagRha, sukanAsA, mukhamaNDapa, upabhavana, alinda, gopura Adi se samanvita hai| garbhagRha meM sundara citramaya vedI para caubIsoM tIrthakaroM kI tIna-tIna phuTa uttuMga pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiN| garbhagRha ke tIna dvAra haiM, jinake pAzrthoM meM pASANa kI sundara jAliyA~ banI haiN| sukamAsA meM padamAvatI aura brahmayakSa kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita haiN| navaraMga ke cAra stambhoM ke madhya dasa phuTa kA vargAkAra pASANa lagA hai| navaraMgadvAra ke prastarAMkana atyanta manorama haiM, jinameM pazu-pakSI, latA-vRkSa, mAnavAkRtiyoM Adi utkIrNa haiN| mukhya bhavana ke pahu~ora barAmadA, tadanantara pASAnirmita parakoTA aura usake mukhya dvAra ke sammukha eka sundara prastaramayI mAnastambha hai| isa devAlaya meM caubIsI sthApita hone se yaha caturviMzati-jinAlaya kahalAtA hai| hiriyabhaNDArI hullarAjadvArA niSita hone se bhaNDAri-asadi aura mahArAja narasiMha ne isake darzana karake prasanna ho usakA nAma bhavya-cUDAmaNi-jinamandira rakhA thaa| gommaTapura ke alaMkAra isa jinAlaya kA nirmANa hokara 1159 I. meM usakI pratiSThA huI, aura dAnAdi diye gye| mahAmapadalAcArya navakIrti-siddhAnta cakravartI ko isa jinAlaya kA AcArya pada sauMpA gayA 1 svayaM mahArAja narasiMha ne apanI digvijaya yAtrA para gamana karane ke pUrva zravaNabelagola ke mommaTeza, pArzvanAtha aura ukta caturviMzati tIrthakaroM kI darzana-yandanA kI aura atyanta prasannatApUrvaka lakta jinAlayoM ke lie savaNeru grAma samarpita kiyaa| san 1175 I. ke lagabhaga senApati hulla ne tatkAlIna careza ballAla dvitIya se punaH yaha grAma tathA anya do grAma prApta karake gommaTeza, pArzvanAtha aura dhaturviMzati-jinAlaya ke lie samarpita kiye the| zraNavelagola ke atirikta koppaNa, baMkApura aura kellaMgere prabhRti anya tIdhoM ko bhI hullarAja ne umnata kiyaa| koppaNa ke nivAsiyoM se svarNa ke badale bahuta-sI bhUmi prApta karake usane ukta tIrtha ke caturviMzati jinendroM ko samarpita kara dii| yaMkApura ke do prAcIna mahatvapUrNa kintu prAyaH pUrNatayA dhvasta jinAlayoM kA jIrNoddhAra karake unakA atyanta sundara nadInIkaraNa kara diyA-unameM se eka to itanA uttuMga banAyA ki kailAsa parvata se usakI upamA dI jAtI thii| cirakAla se vismRta evaM lupta Adi tIrtha kelyaigere meM eka atyanta sundara utuMga jinAlaya tathA tIrthakara bhagavAna ke pA~ca kalyANakoM ke smAraka rUpa pA~ca anya mahAna. hoyasala rAjavaMza :: 169

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inSHANT ....: jinAlaya nirmANa kraaye| zravaNabelagola ko upayukta bhaNDAribasadi ke eka stambha para utkIrNa 1159 I. ke zilAlekha meM hullarAja ke parAkrama, guNa evaM dhArmika kArya-kalApoM kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| sana 1168 I. meM usane svaguru devakIrtideva kA samAdhi-smAraka ketalagera meM banAyA prathiH tabhI usane vahA~ kI pratApapura-vasAda kA pUrNatayA navInIkaraNa kiyaa| yaha basadi kollApura kI rUpanArAyaNa-basadi se sambaddha thii| zravaNabelagola se do mIla dUra sthita jinanAyapura meM hullarAja meM eka satra (niHzulka bhojanAlaya) sthApita kiyaa| abhilekhoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki jina-mandiroM kA jINoddhAra karane meM, jinendra kI pUjA, arcA evaM sAmUhika phUjotsavoM meM, munijanoM ko dAna dene meM, jinadharaNoM ke bhaktipUrvaka guNagAna meM, purANazAstroM ke sunane meM, bhavyoM dvArA prazaMsita isa mantrIzyA hullarAja amUpa ko atyanta Ananda AtA thaa| inhIM kAyoM meM usakA nitya paryApta samaya vyatIta hotA thaa| gaMgamArasiMha ke mantrI cAmuNDarAya aura viSNuvardhana ke mantrI gaMgarAja ke sAtha hI sAtha jainadharma kA sarvAdhika samartha prabhAvaka narasiMha hoyasala ke mantrIzreSTha hullarAja ko batAyA gayA hai| saMzrita sadguNa, sakalabhapyanutta, jinamAsitArtha-nissaMzayabuddhi, jaina-cUDAmaNi, samyaktva-cUDAmaNi, mantrimANikyamauli Adi usake viruda the| daNDanAyaka pArzvadeva (pAriSaNNa)-hoyasala marezoM kA eka mahApradhAna kAzyapagotrIya daNDamAtha 'madrAdisya thaa| bhadrAditya kA jyeSThaputra lailadaNDAdhipa thA, jisakA putra cAbuNDa mahArAja kA tAMndha-vigrahika mantrI thaa| usakA anuja vAmana thA aura patnI dekaNabbe thii| cAvaNDa mantrI ke tIna putra the-mAdhava, pAva aura rakasimayya 1 inameM se daNDanAyaka pArzva, aparanAma pArisaNa yA pArisayya narasiMha prathama ke samaya meM rAjya kA mahApradhAna-paTTisabhaNDArI thA aura niruguNDanADa ke karikuNDanagara kA svAmI thaa| vaha zrIpAla vidya ke ziSya vAsupUjya-siddhAntideva kA gRhastha-ziSya thA aura bar3A dharmAtmA thaa| usakI patnI bimmaladevI prasiddha daNDanAyaka mariyAne kI putrI aura daNdeza bharata kI bhatIjI thii| vaha bhI parama viduSI evaM dharmAlmA thii| pArzva me nittUra meM eka jinAlaya bhI abhayAyA thaa| usakI paTTasibhaNDArI padavI se lagatA hai ki vaha rAjya ke zastrAgAra kA mahAprabandhaka bhI thA, kyoMki 'paTTali' kA artha bhAlA-barachA hotA hai| isa parAkramI yoddhA ne AhaSamalla ko yuddha meM parAjita kiyA thA aura usI yuddha meM vIragati pAyI thii| pArisayya aura vimmaladevI kA putra daNDanAbaka zAntiyaNa thaa| daNDanAyaka zAntiyaNNa-pArisaNa (pAca) jaise yuddhavIra evaM nipuNa mantrI zreSTha aura jimamakta bimmaladevI kA suputra zAntiyaNNa bhI atyanta sAhasI, vIra aura dharmAtmA thaa| usake pitA ke yuddha meM vIragati prApta karane para mahArAja narasiMha ne zAntiyaNa ko uttake sthAna para karikuNDa kA svAmI aura rAjya kA daNDanAyaka banA diyA aura usakI vIratA se prasanna hokara use eka grAma pradAna kiyaa| prasiddha 170 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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yuddhavIroM evaM mantriyoM ke kula meM utpanna zAntiyaNa bhI vIra yoddhA aura kuzala prazAsaka thaa| apane kula kI maryAdA ke anusAra, apane jananI janaka kI bhA~ti hI zAntiyaNa bhI parama jinabhakta thaa| usake guru vAsupUjya-siddhAntideva ke ziSya malliye paNDita the| apane pUjya pitA daNDanAtha pArzva kI smRti meM daNDAdhipa zAntiyaNa ne apane nagara karikuNDa meM eka sundara jinAlaya nirmANa karAyA aura 1158 I. meM ukta jinAlaya ke lie svaguru malliSeNa ko rAjA se prApta grAma pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka samarpita kara diyA / bhallagauNDa Adi grAma ke pramukhoM tathA samasta prajAjana ne eka tela kA kolhU gA~va ke ghATa kI Aya aura dhAna kI phasala kA eka bhAga bhI jinAlaya ke lie dAna kara diyaa| usI mandira meM prApta tatsambandhI zilAlekha mallojanAmaka zilpI dvArA utkIrNa kiyA gayA thA / I Izvara camUpa- mahApradhAna - sarvAdhikArI senApati daNDanAyaka ereyaMga kA pAda-padmopajIvI ( sahAyaka yA adhInastha ) yaha Izvara camUpati thA, aura sambhavatayA ukta ereyaMga kA hI suputra thaa| vaha vIra yoddhA aura dharmAtmA thA / mandAragiri kI prAcIna basadi kA usane jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| usakI patnI dharmAtmA mAciyakke thI / mAcikke - yaha dharmAtmA nArIratna nAki-seTTi aura nAgade kI pautrI thI, tathA sAhaNi-biTTiga kI patnI candroM se utpana uttakI jyeSTha putrA Izvara pa kI yaha bhAryA thI aura dezIgaNa pustakagaccha ke gaNDavimuktadeva kI gRhastha - ziSyA thI / vaha sundarI, viduSI, dAnazIlA, yazasvinI, puNyavAn evaM dharmAtmA yuvatI ratna thI / mayolala nAmaka tIrthakSetra para usane eka manorama jinamandira tathA padmAvatIkere nAmaka sarovara kA nirmANa karAyA thA, aura 1160 I. meM ukta jinAlaya ke lie bahuta-sI bhUmiyA~ apane pati Izvara camUpa tathA mahArAja narasiMha kI sahamatipUrvaka svaguru ko dAna kara dI thii| yaha mahilA catuHsamaya-samuddharaNa kahalAtI thI / jakkale yA jakka hoyasala nareza narasiMha prathama ke mahAmantrI evaM pradhAna tAmbUlavAhaka cArthimayya kI dharmAtmA patnI thii| heraMgu nAmaka sthAna kI prazaMsA sunakara usane vahA~ cenma- pArzvanAtha - basadi nAma kA sundara jinAlaya banavAyA aura samasta kSetrIya sAmantoM evaM adhikAriyoM kI upasthiti meM mahArAja se prArthanA karake bhUmiyA~ prApta kIM, jinheM ukta jinAlaya ke lie usane svaguru parama vidvAn nayakIrti-siddhAntideva ko pAda- prakSAlanapUrvaka samarpita kara dii| usakI bahana pazcivakke bhI bar3I dharmaparAyaNa mahilA thI / sAmanta gova - hoyasala narasiMha kA yaha jaina sAmanta hutiyerapura kA svAmI thaa| usakI mAryA zAntale bar3I udAra thii| parama jinabhakta hote hue bhI vaha zaiva, dura aura bauddhadharmo ko bhI saMrakSaNa pradAna karatI thii| sambhavatayA isI mahilA kA aparanAma siriyAdevI thA, athavA yaha gova sAmanta kI dvitIya patnI thii| eka anya patnI mahAdevI nAyakiti thI, yA ukta donoM meM se kisI kI yaha upAdhi thii| isa hoyasala rAjavaMza : 173

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parivAra ke guru dezogaNa ke candrAyaNadeva the, jinakI preraNA se siriyAdevI ne apanI huliyerapura kI basadi meM eka manojJa pratimA pratiSThita karAyA thaa| aba 1 I. meM mahAdevI kA svargavAsa ho gayA to usakI smRti meM gova sAmanta ne heggare meM cenma-pAva basaddhi nirmANa karAyI. jisake lie usake putra sAmanta bihideva ne svaguru mANikanandi siddhAnti ko bhUmiyoM pradAna kii| rAjya ke kaI pramukha nAgarikoM ne bhI bhUmi Adi ke dAna diye the| isa dAna se eka satra kI sthApanA bhI kI gayo / mahAsAmanta ballayya nAyaka ne bhI isa avasara para ukta jinAlaya ke lie kucha bhUmi sthalavRtti ke rUpa meM bhaktipUrvaka dI thii| zivarAja aura someya. narasiMha hoyasala ke ina donoM jaina rAjamantriyoM ne 1165 I. meM mANikavolala sthAna ke hoyasala-jinAlaya ko muni-AhAra-dAna Adi kI vyavasthA ke lie pracura dAna diyA thaa| sAmanta viTTideva-hoyasala narezoM ke prAcIna haliyerapura kA adhIzvara dhIratalaprahAri sAmanta bhIma thaa| usake cAra putra the-mAtha, caTa, malla aura gobideva (gov)| sAmanta caTTa kI patnI sAtabbe se yaha sAmanta biTTideva (viSNu) utpanna hubhA thaa| ise mahArAja narasiMha ne hAthiyoM ke kharca ke lie heggare grAma diyA thaa| jaba sAmanta govideza meM 1161 I. meM apanI mahAdevI-mAyakiti (zAntaladevI) kI smRti rakSArtha ukta grAma meM cenna-pArzva-jinAlaya nirmANa karAyA to usa dharmAtmA mahilA (apanI cAcI) ke putulya isa sAmanta thiTTideva ne apanI puNya-samRddhi ke lie ukta jinAlaya ke hitArtha mUmidAna kiyA tathA kAlImirca, akharoTa aura pAna ke gaTThoM kI Aya bhI samarpita kara dI thii| isake gurU bhI yahI mANikanandi the| yaha pUrA sAmanta parivAra jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| sAmanta bAdhideva-thAghi, bAcaya, gulAciga yA cirAja hoyasala narasiMha kA mahAsAmanta, mAnyakheDpuravarAdhIzanara, marugarenADa kA adhipati, adala logoM ke lie sUrya ke samAca, guDudagaMga ke putra basava nAyaka kA vaMzaja aura maMga kA putra thaa| usakI mAtA kA nAma benabAmbike thaa| yaha adalayaMzI mahAsAhasI, parAkramI, vIra, yazasvI, dAnI, udAra evaM dharmAtmA vara-vidyA-nidhi mahAsAmanta bAcideva marugarenA kI apanI atizaya zobhA se yukta rAjadhAnI kaydAla meM atIva ucca dharma kA pAlana karate hAra rakhapUrvaka raha rahA thaa| apane rAjya meM usane jinendra, ziva, viSNu sabhI devatAoM ke mandiroM kA poSaNa kiyaa| usane gaMgezvaravAsa, zrInArAyaNa gAha, calavArivezvara-mandira, rAmezvara-sadana, kaI jinamandira tathA bhImasamudra evaM adalasamudra nAma ke do sarovara banavAye, dirdUra ke vinoM ko dAna diyA, isa prakAra cAroM sampradAyoM kI vRddhi kI thI 1 apane pitA sAmanta gaMga kI smRti meM usane maMgezvaradeva jinAlaya 1130 I. meM anavAyA aura usake lie prabhUta dAnAdi diye| apanI bahana (yA putrI) kumArI cennavenAyakitI kI smRti meM rAmezvaradeva mandira banavAyA aura usameM muniyoM 172 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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ke AhAra kI vyavasthA ke lie dAna diye| apanI svargIya priya palo, mahAsaubhAgya-zIta-saundarya sampanna, parivAra surabhi, mahAsatI rAnI bhImale (bhImave nAyakati) kI smRti ( parokSa vinaya) meM usane ati- vizAla evaM sundara bhIma-jinAlaya banavAyA, jisameM utane cenna pArzvadeva kI pratiSThApanA kI tathA usI se sambaddha bhImasamudra nAma kA sundara evaM vizAla banavAyA thaa| jAnI bhI ke jinendradeva, pitA yoddere nAyaka aura jananI cimbale thii| bAcirAja ne ukta jinAlaya ke cennapArzvadeva ke bhoga- aSTavidyArcana evaM RSiAhAradAna ke nimitta bhImasamudra ke AsapAsa kI samasta bhUmi bheMTa kara dI thii| usI avasara para samyakcacUDAmaNi senabo mAramayya ne bhI sAmanta vAcirAja se bhUmi prApta karake bhArasamudra nAmaka sarovara banavAyA tathA use ukta bhIma-jinAlaya ke lie dAna kara diyaa| rAjA ne ina vibhinna dAnoM ko vArANasI, prayAga Adi tIrthoM ke samAna pavitra samajhane kA prajAjanoM ko Adeza diyaa| yaha mahAparAkramI, mahAdAnI, sarvadharma samabhAvI, udAra jaina mahAsAmanta vAcirAja apanI taraha kA zreSTha udAharaNa hai| mahAn hegaDe jakayya aura jakkabbe-ye donoM pati-patnI the| isa dampatI ne diDaguru meM eka jinAlaya banavAkara usameM tIrthaMkara supArzva kI pratimA pratiSThita kI aura devapUjA evaM AhAradAna ke lie svaguru, kANUramaNabheSapASANagaccha ke bAlacandradeva ko dhArApUrvaka bhUmidAna diyA thaa| lagabhaga 1160 I. meM yaha jinAlaya banA thA / sAmanta soma-- hoyasaloM kA vIra senAnI akaNa thA jisane cola rAjya para AkramaNa ke samaya eka jaMgalI masta hAthI ko bAghoM se mAra girAyA aura 'kariya-aykaNa' upAdhi prApta kI thii| usakA priya putra nAma thA, jisakA jyeSTha putra suradhenu aura kalpavRkSa samAna sugga-gavuNDa thaa| usakA putra yaha sAmanta soma yA soveyanAyaka thA, jo jinapAdakamalabhRMga, jinanAthasnapanajalapavitritamAtra, caturvidhadAnavinoda, jinasamayasamuddharaNa, bhagavAn pArzvadeva kA pAdArAdhaka, paranArIputra aura bhAnukIrti siddhAnta kA gRhastha-ziSya thA / usakI do patniyA~ thIM-sItA, revatI, arundhatI evaM atimade ke samAna mArave aura rati jaisI sundarI tathA jinapAdabhakta mAcale | pahalI se kaI putriyA~ huI aura dUsarI se caTTadeva evaM kalideva nAma ke anupama, guNavAn putra | svayaM sAmanta soma kalukANinADa kA zAsaka thaa| usane ekkoTi-jinAlaya nAmaka pArzvanAtha bhagavAn kA eka ati uttuMga evaM bhavya mandira banavAyA aura usake lie 1142 I. meM sUrasyagaNa ke brahmadeva muni ko pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka eka grAma dAna diyA thaa| isa sundara jinAlaya kA nirmAtA kaliyugI vizvakarmA zilpI mAtroja thA / dharmAtmA soma viSNuvardhana aura narasiMha prathama kA vIra evaM svAmibhakta sAmanta thaa| hoyasala ballAla dvitIya ( 1173-1220 I.) - vIra ballAla prathama ke nAma se suprasiddha yaha nareza narasiMha prathama kI rAnI ecaladevI se utpanna usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI thA aura apane pitAmaha viSNuvardhana kI bhA~ti hI pratApI, bar3A vIra, hoyasala rAjavaMza : 173

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Hindi mahAparAkramI, bhArI vijetA aura sthAdvAdamata jainadharma) kA poSaka evaM pakSapAtI thaa| usane apane vaMza evaM rAjya ko pUrNatayA svAntra kara liyA aura usameM zAnti evaM sukha-samRddhi kI ullekhanIya vRddhi kii| yovarAjyakAla meM hI vaha pitA ke rAjyakArya meM sakriya sahayoga detA thA, jaisA ki 116 I. ke bandara zilAlekha se prakaTa hai| aisA lagatA hai ki usa samaya vAstavika rAjA vahIM thaa| usI se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki isa nareza ke guru dramilanAghI zrIpAla-vidha ke ziSya vAsupUjya-vratI the| san 1179 I. kI zrAvaNa zukla ekAdazI ravivAra ke dina dhIra bAlAla kA paTTabandhotsava rAjyAbhiSeka huA thA aura usa upalakSya meM usane prabhUta dAna diye the| tabhI mahAsandhivigrahika mantrI bUcirAja ne trikUTa-jinAlaya banavAkara usake lie rAjA se marikali nAma kA grAma prApta karake ukta vAsupUjya muni ko bheMTa kiyA thaa| usake pitA ke samaya se cale Aye mahAsenApati hullarAja dvArA zravaNabelagola meM nimApita caturvizati-asadi ke lie hulna ke nivedana para rAjA ne 1174-75 I. meM do grAma bheMTa kiye thA usI sthAna kI pAramA yasadilI jhana simA kSA aura apane pitA narasiMha prathama dvArA dAna kiye gaye tIna grAmoM ke dAna kI puSTi kI thI / devIseTTi nAmaka dhanI sela meM 1176 I. meM rAjadhAnI meM vIra balAla-jinAlaya nAma kA eka sundara mandiA rAjyAzraya se nirmANa karAyA thA aura usake lie svaguru ghAlacandra muni ko dAna diyA thaa| svayaM rAjA ne bhI ukta mandira ke lie kaI grAma pradAna kiye| san / 192 I. meM rAjadhAnI ke cAra pramukha seThoM ne samasta nAgarikoM tathA anya nagaroM ke vyApAriyoM ke sahayoga se nagara-jinAlaya nAma kA vizAla evaM manorama jinamandira banavAyA, jisakA aparanAma abhinaya-zAntideva bhI thaa| rAjyazreSTi ke sAtha pralApacakravartI dhIra bAlAladeva svayaM ukta jinAlaya meM zaivadarzana ke lie gayA, bhagavAn kI aSTopacArI pUjA dekhakara atyanta prasanna huA aura usake lie guru vajanandhi-siddhAnti ko kaI grAma dAna meM diye| sadaiva kI bhA~ti isa samaya bhI hoyasAnoM kI rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra jainadharma kA kendra aura jainoM (bhavyoM) kI gar3ha thii| vIra balAla ne svayaM aneka ghAra jainatIrthoM kI yAtrA kI, jinamandiroM ke darzana kiye aura basadiyoM evaM jainaguruoM ko dAnAdi dekara sammAgila kiyA thaa| jainAcArya zrIpAla-vidya aura unake ziSya isa kAla meM hoyasaloM ke rAjaguru the| rAjya ke aneka mantrI, senApati, sAmanta, pramukha rAjapurUSa evaM zreSTha jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| hulla, nAgadeva, redhimayya, cirAja, bAhubali, narasiMha Adi ye jaina yuddhavIra, kuzala rAjanItijJa evaM dakSa prazAsaka hI vIra ballAla ke rAjya ke pradhAna stambha the; usakI saphalatAoM aura samRddhi ke AdhAra the aura usake vistRta rAjya ke samartha saMrakSaka the| kalAriyoM kA sarvapradhAna da"jhAdhinAtha redhimaya unake antima nareza kI vIra ballAla ke hAthoM parAjaya hone aura phalasvarUpa isa vaMza kA pUrNa patana ho jAne para, sAtha hI isa hoyasala nareza evaM usakI prajA kI matramadharma meM niSThA jAnakara usakI DocumeRAIREXXX2004 174 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina duruSa aura mahilAe~

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sevA meM A gayA thaa| yahA~ Akara bhI usane rAjyAzraya se arasiyakareM kA suprasiddha sahasrakUTa- caityAlaya aparanAma elkoTi-jinAlaya tathA anya kaI navIna mandira banavAye, purAnoM kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA, zravaNabelagola Adi tIrthoM para bhI nirmANa karAye aura svaguruoM ko dAnAdi diye / vIra ballAla ne sAhitya ko bhI protsAhana diyaa| usake rAjakavi nemicandra ne 'lIlAvatI' nAmaka premagAthA likhI, rAjAditya ( 1190 I.) ne 'vyavahAragaNita', 'kSetragaNita' aura 'lIlAvatI' J mahA~kA (120 I.) nemaka gaNita-grantha rce| 'jagadalla sAmanAtha ne 'kalyANakAraka' nAmaka vaidyaka grantha bandhudharma vaizya ne 'harivaMzAbhyudaya' aura 'jIvasambodhana', zizumArana meM 'aMjanAcarita' aura 'tripuradahana' aura Anandamayya ne madanavijaya' kI racanA kI thii| ye saba vidvAn jaina the aura kannaDa sAhitya ke puraskartA the| isa kAla ke jainamandira bhI hoyasala kalA ke zreSTha namUne haiN| rAjya kI vistAravRddhi bhI huI aura vaha dakSiNa bhArata kI sarvAdhika zaktizAlI rAjyasattA ho gayA thaa| mAcirAja - eka ucca padastha adhikArI thA, jisane vIra ballAla ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke avasara para 1173 I. meM yogavadi ke zrIkaraNa- jinAlaya ke bhagavAn pazyadeva ke lie svaguru aMkalaMka siMhAsana padmaprabhasvAmI ko eka gA~va dAna diyA thaa| sambhavatayA yaha viSNuvardhana hoyasala ke prasiddha mantrI daNDanAyaka baladevaNa ke bhatIje mAcirAja hI haiM / F nAgadeva nAga yA nAgadeva hegaDe hoyasala narasiMha prathama ke saciva bammadeva kA usakI patnI jIgAmyA se utpanna putra thaa| svayaM usakI patnI kA nAma candAmbikA (candale yA canda) thA aura putra kA mallinAtha vIra baltAla kA sacivottama evaM paTTaNasAma (nagarAdhyakSa ) yaha mantrIzvara nAgadeva dezIgaNa - pustakaM gaccha ke nayakIrti siddhAntacakravartI kA gRhastha-ziSya thA / usane 1177 I. meM zravaNabelagola meM 'svaguru kI niSayA tathA kalApUrNa sundara smAraka stambha banavAyA thaa| guru kI smRti meM usane nAgasamudra nAma kA eka sarovara tathA udyAna bhI banavAyA thA aura guru ke ziSyoM prabhAcandra, nemicandra evaM bAlacandra ko dAna diyA thaa| san 1196 I. meM usane belagola meM nagara - jinAlaya aparanAma zrInilaya aura kamaTa - pAzvarIya basadi tathA usake sammukha zilAkuTTama aura raMgazAlA banavAyI thIM tathA etadartha guru ke uparyukta muni-ziSyoM ko dAna diyA thaa| ukta nagara- jinAlaya meM mahArAja ballAladeva evaM yuvarAja narasiMha dvitIya bhagavAn kI aSTakArI pUjA dekhakara bar3e prasanna aura prabhAvita hue the| mantrI nAgadeva 'jinamandira pratipAla' kahalAtA thA / daNDanAyaka bharata aura bAhubali viSNuvardhana hoyasala ke prasiddha mahAdaNDanAyaka mariyAne dvitIya ke suputra aura bharatezvara daNDAdhIza ke bhatIje, donoM vIra prAtA vIra sAla ke pramukha senApatiyoM meM the| vIratA, svAmibhakti aura dhArmikatA inheM apanI kulaparamparA se prApta thii| jaba 1183 I. meM vIra ballAla ko yuvarAja vIra narasiMha hoyasala rAjavaMza :: 175 1

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(narasiMha dvitIya) kA janma huA to usakI khuzoM meM ina donoM bhAiyoM ne dezIgaNa ke devacandrapaNDita ko aneka basadiyoM ke lie prabhUta dAna dice the| inhoMne rAjA se apane kula kI paramparAgata sindagare Adi kI bhUmiyA~ prApta karake punaH dAna kara dI thiiN| ina bharata (matimayya) daNDanAyaka kI dharmAtmA sAdhvI panI jaruJce yA jakkato 1203 I. meM samAdhimaraNapUrvaka deha tyAga kiyA thaa| isa mahAsatI ke guru anantakauti muni the, mAtA laccabbe aura pitA maNDanamuha the| samAdhilekha meM usake zIla, saMyama, tapa, jinabhakti Adi kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI gayI hai| cirAja-caura ballAta kA sandhivigrahika-mantrI, zrIkaraNada evaM daNDAdhipa bUcisaja vIra yoddhA, kuzala rAjanItijJa evaM prazAsaka aura dharmAtmA hone ke sAtha-sAtha caturveidha-pANDitya kA dhanI thaa| vaha saMskRta aura kannar3a donoM hI bhASAoM kA suvijJa evaM sukA thA aura kavitA vizArada' kahalAtA thaa| usakI patnI zAntale bhI viduSI aura dharmiSTa mahilA thii| vaH bharata dADeza kI putrI aura daNDAdhipa mariyAne kI bhatIjI thii| mahApradhAna bUcirAja ne vIra ballAla ke rAjyAbhiSekotsava ke upalakSya meM 1173 I. meM sigenAi ke marikalI nagara meM trikUTa-jinAlaya nAmaka bhavya mandira usake lie svagarU vAsapUjya-siddhAnti ko pAda-prakSAlanapUrvaka prAmAdi dAna diye the| baha narasiMha prathama ke samaya se hI rAjya sadhaH / thA, 1165 I. ke zilAlekha meM ullikhita zrIkaraNada hegaDe cimayya hI unnati karake vIra ballAla ke samaya meM mantrIzvara bUcirAja ho gayA thaa| bAsupUjya-siddhAnti se pUrva usake guru devakIrti rahe pratIta hote haiN| mahAdeva daNDanAyaka-rAjyapadAdhikAriyoM ke pratiSThita kupa meM utpanna huA thA / usake pitA somadhamUSa aura mAtA sobaladevI thii| rAma aura kezava usake anuja the| usakI suzIlA garva dharmaparAyaNA patnI lokaladevI rAjya ke eka prAntIya zAsaka masaNa sAmanta kI pautrI aura sAmanta kIrtigAvuNDa kI putrI thii| mahAdeva aura lokaladevI kANUragaNa ke kulabhUSaNa ke ziSya sakalacandra bhaTTAraka ke gRhastha-ziSya the| isa mahApradhAna mahAdeva deNinAyaka ne 1187 I. meM eraga-jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAke usameM zAnti-jineza kI pratimA pratiSThita karAyI aura svaguru ko bheruNDa' ghaDa se nApakara tIna pattA zAli-kSetra, do kohU aura eka dukAna samarpita kI thii| usa avasara para vIra ballAla kA eka pramukha mahAmaNDalezvara uddhare kA zAsaka ekkalarasa bhI upasthita thA aura svayaM usane, usake paTTaNasAmi (rAjyaseTha), tailavyApAriyoM evaM aneka nAgarikoM ne bhI dAna diye the| usa samaya mahAdeva ukta mahAmaNDalezvara kA hI mahApradhAna daNDanAyaka thaa| usake zvasura kIliMgAvuNDa ke Adhita malliseTTi aura nemiseSTi ne jaba 1208 I. meM zAntinAtha jinAlaya banavAkara usakI pratiSThA kI to usa avasara para apane zvasura aura sAloM ke sAtha mahAdeva daNDanAyaka bhI upasthita thA aura usane bhI dAnAdi meM yoga diyA thaa| } 76 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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rAmadeva vibhu - gaMgavAra ke monezanakaDe kA zAsaka thA, jahA~ usane zAntinAtha bhagavAn kA eka vizAla jinAlaya nirmANa karAke usake lie svaguru meghavandra ko jo dezIgaNa pustakagaccha ke nayakIrti ke praziSya aura bAlacandra adhyAtmI ke ziSya the, banavase ke mottadanAyaka tathA kaI maNDaprabhuoM se bhUmidAna dilAyA thaa| jinAlaya kanakAcalakUTa para banAyA thaa| dAna 180 I. meM zrI rAmaheta vibhu ko zreSThaguNanidhAna, budha-nidhi aura satya-yudhiSThira kahA gayA hai| narasiMha sacivAdhIza - mahAsenApati hullarAja kI puNyAtmA patnI padmaladevI se utpanna usakA jinabhakta dharmAtmA suputra thaa| muni nayakIrti kA vaha gRhastha-ziSya thaa| guNavAn, parAkramI, yuddhavIra aura gurubhakta thA / usane 1178 I. meM bekkagrAma meM eka jinAlaya banavAkara usake lie vahI grAma rAjA se svaguru ko dAna meM dilavAyA thA / hariyaNNa hegar3e mahApradhAna sarvAdhikArI-hiriya bhaNDArI hullarAja kA sAlA thA aura rAjA kA azvAdhyakSa thA / zrIpAla yogI ke ziSya vAdirAja kI preraNA se ukta zrIpAla ke svargastha hone para unako parokSa-vinaya ke rUpa meM paravAdimalla - jinAlaya kumbenahalli grAma meM 1200 I. ke lagabhaga nirmANa huaa| yaha jinAlaya ukta haraNa ke eka sambandhI, kaNDaccanAyaka kI bhAryA rAjavenAyakiti ke putra kundAha eras nAmaka adhikArI ne mayacakradeva kI AjJA se banavAyA thA aura azvAdhyakSa hariyaNNadeva ne usameM jinendradeva kI pratiSThA karAyI thI / kammaramAcayya - rAjya kA mahApradhAna sarvAdhikArI tantrAdhiSThAyaka thaa| usane aura usake zvasura ballavya ne kumbenahalli ke paravAdimalla jinAlaya ke lie jo dAna diye the, unameM nitya dIpa jalAne ke lie tela kA Taiksa bhI sammilita thaa| yAdirAja ne uparyukta avasara para (1200 I. meM) prApta samasta dAna apane dharmA zAntisiMha Adi ko sauMpa diye the| amRta daNDanAyaka - hoyasala ballAla dvitIya kA yaha mahApradhAna, sarvAdhikArI, pApasAta (AbhUSaNAdhyakSa) evaM bheruNDana- motta-diSThAyaka (upAdhidhAriyoM kA adhyakSa ) daNDanAyaka amitavya (amRtacamUnAtha) ceTTiseDa aura jakavve kA pautra tathA hiriyamaseTri aura sugabbe kA putra thaa| kalla, masaNa aura basava usake anuja the| lokkuguNDI usakA janmasthAna thA, jahA~ usane eka bhavya jinAlaya evaM vizAla sarovara banavAyA tathA eka satra, agrahAra aura prapA sthApita kiye the| mandira kA nAma ekkoTi-jinAlaya thaa| amRta daNDAdhIza ke guru nayakIrtipaNDita the / yadyapi vaha caturtha varNa arthAt zUdra jAti meM janmA thA, use kavikulaja, dharmiSTha, zubhamati, puNyAdhika, saumyaramyAkRti aura mantricUDAmaNi kahA gayA hai| usake tInoM bhAI bhI daNDanAyaka Adi paToM para AsIna the| ukta jinAlaya ke lie amRta daNDAdhipa ne 1203 I. meM apane bhAiyoM ke sAtha milakara pradeza ke samasta nAyakoM, nAgarikoM evaM kRSakoM kI upasthiti meM hoyasala rAjavaMza 197

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mUlanAyaka bhagavAn zAntinAtha kA nitya Avidha pUjana, muniyoM ke AhAradAna Adi ke nimitta svaguru ko bhUmi Adi dAna diye the| vaha itanA udAracetA thA ki brAhmaNoM ke lie bhI usane eka agrahAra sthApita kiyA thA aura amRtezvara-ziva kA mandira bhI banavAyA thaa| mantrIzvara candramauli-bharatAgama, tarka, vyAkaraNa, upaniSad, purANa, nATaka, kAdhya Adi meM niSNAta evaM vidyamAnya zaivadharmAnuyAyI, vidvAn brAhmaNa candramauli hoyasala ballAladeva kA mantrilalAma aura usake dAhine hAtha kA daNDasvarUpa thaa| yadyapi vaha svayaM kaTTara zaiva thA, tathApi apanI dharmAtmA jaina patnI AcaladevI ke dhArmika kAryoM meM pUrA sahayoga detA thaa| usake dvArA nirmApita jinAlaya ke lie rAjA se svayaM prArthanA karake usane grAma Adi dAna karAye the| yaha usakI tathA ukta rAjya evaM kAla kI dhArmika udAratA kA paricAyaka hai| candramauli ke pitA kA nAma zambhudeva aura mAtA kA akkabe thaa| dharmAtmA AcaladevI-mantrIzvara candramauli kI palI Aciyakka, AcAmyA yA AghaladevI parama jimabhakta thii| usake pitAmaha ziveyanAyaka mAsavADimAi ke pramukha the aura sazrAvaka the| unakI dharmAtmA patnI candabbe thI aura putra sovaNanAyaka thaa| sovaNa kI patnI pAcacce thI, putra ko aura puna baladevI thii| dezIgaNa ke namakIrti-siddhAntideva he ziSya bAlacandra muni kI yaha gRhastha-ziSyA thii| usa rUpa guNa-zIla-sampanna mahilAratna ne 1182 I. meM zravaNabelagola meM bahuta bhaktipUrvaka eka ali bhaya evaM vizAla pArzva-jinAlaya nirmANa karAyA thA aura svaguru se usakI sasamAroha pratiSThA karAyI thii| Aciyakkana kA saMkSipta rUpa 'akkana' hone se vaha mandira akkanabasadi ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki mandiroM ke usta nagara meM yahI eka jinamandira hoyasala-kalA kA apaziSTa tathA utkRSTa namUnA hai| garbhagRha, sukanAsA, navaraMga, mukhamaNDapa Adi se yukta isa sundara jinAlaya meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI saptaphaNI pA~ca phuTa uttuMga manojJa pratimA pratiSThita hai| sukanAsA ke Amane-sAmane dharaNendra aura padyAvatI kI sAr3he tIna phuTa U~cI mUrtiyA~ haiN| bAra ke AjU-bAjU sundara jAliyA~, navaraMga meM kRSNa pASANa ke cAra camakadAra stambha, chata meM kalApUrNa madhachanna, gumbada para vividha prastarAMkana aura zikhara para siMhalalATa hai| isa mandira ke nirvAha ke lie svayaM usake pati mantrIzvara candramauli ne mahArAja se prArthanA karake dhoyanahalli grAma prApta kiyA aura usake guru bAlacandra ko dAna dilAyA thA / gomaTezvara kI pUjA ke lie bhI akka nAmaka grAma ko sajA se prApta karake AcaladevI se dAna karAyA thaa| isa mahilA ne anya jinamandira bhI nimANa karAye aura dhArmika kRtya kiye pratIta hote haiN| mahAsati haryale ---eka dhIra sAmanta kI patnI thI aura usakA suputra bUbayanAyaka bhI vIra sAmanta thaa| usakA nivAsa sthAna karaDAlu thA jahA~ usane 178 :: pramukha aitihAsika jana purupa aura mahilAe~,

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jinAlaya banavAyA, jo aba dhvasta hai| usa dhvasta basadi ke 1174 I. ke lagabhaga ke stambhalekha ke anusAra 'anupama puNyabhAjana, jinendra padAbjavilIna citta, pAvana-suritra-mahAsati' haryale ne apanA anta samaya nikaTa Ane para apane priya suputra bUbayanAyaka ko apane pAsa bulAkara kahA, "vatsa! svapna meM bhI merA dhyAna na karanA, apitu dharma meM citta lagAnA / usI kA sadaiva cintayana karanA aura sadaiva dharmakArya karate rahanA / aisA karane se hI narendra, surendra, phaNIndra Adi ke rAjya-vaibhava aura sukha tathA anta meM mokSalakSmI kI prApti hogii| aisA nizcaya karake he satyanidhi bUbayanAyaka, tU dharma aura dAna meM citta lgaa| puNya kI anumodanA se bhI asIma puNya prApta hotA hai| ataeva he dharmadhurINa yuvideva, apane aura mere puNya ke hetu tU jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karAnA : mere deva (svargIya pati) ke mitroM kA sadaiva Adara karanA aura apane choTe (bAlaka) cAcA kA sadaiva dhyAna rakhanA putra ko yaha antima upadeza dene ke pazcAta dharmAtmA rAnI ne jinendra bhagavAna kA abhiSeka kiyA aura isa dRr3ha vizvAsa ke sAtha ki bhagavAna kA pavitra gandhodaka usake samasta pApoM ko dho deyA, ise bhaktipUrvaka mastaka para cddh'aayaa| tadanantara bhagavAn jinendracandra ke caraNa ke sAnnidhya meM, sadaiva apane smaraNa meM rahanevAle paMca-maMgala mahAyada (paMca-namaskAra-mantra) kA ucya svara se uccAraNa karate hue aura jisa mohapAza se vaha aba taka ghirI huI. akheM chimna- mire sa vira meM vidhipUrvaka samAdhimaraNa kiyA aura pariNAmasvarUpa 'indraloka meM praveza kiyaa| surendraloka kI deviyoM ne vahA~ isa mahAnubhAva mahilAratna kA gItanyAya-nRtya Adi se mahotsavapUrvaka bhavya svAgata kiyaa| isa sAmanta-pallI aura sAmanta-jananI mahAsatI rAnI haryaledevI kA ukta sumaraNa mRtyu para vijaya prApta karanevAle dharmAtmAjanoM ke lie Adarza hai| yaha mahAsatI haryale, hariyaladevI yA hariharadevI kaurASTrakundAnvaya ke ghAndrAyaNadeva kI gRhastha-ziSyA thii| IcaNa aura sovaladevI-bIra ballAla kA mantrI IcaNa aura usakI rUpavatI evaM guNavatI bhAyAM sovaladevI, donoM parama jina-bhakta the| isa dampatI ne goga nAmaka sthAna meM vIrabhadra nAmaka sundara jinAlaya nirmANa karAyA thaa| paisA jinAlaya para belagavattinADa meM dUsarA nahIM thaa| isa sundara jinAlaya ke nirmANa dvArA usa pradezva ko IcaNa mantrI aura sovaladevI ne mAno dusarA koppaNa hI banA diyA thaa| yaha mandira 1205 I. ke lagabhaga banA thaa| isa sobaladevI ne 1207 I. meM isI mandira ke lie aneka prakAra ke dhAnya kA tathA anya dAna pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka svaguru thAsupUjyadeva ko diye the| usane isa avasara para eka kanyAdAna bhI kiyA thA-athAt eka nidhana kanyA kA vivAha svayaM sampanna karAyA thaa| virupayya nAmaka vyakti ne bhI mandira ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| nAgauDa ko ukta puNya kI rakSA kA bhAra sauMpA gayA thaa| apane anuja kI smRti meM 1208 I. meM ukta vikhyAta sandhivinAheka-mantrI IcaNNa bAla rAjavaMza :: 178

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kI sAdhvI patnI isa somaladevI ne eka basadi kA nirmANa karAke usake lie dAnAdi diyA thaa| isa dharmAtmA patiparAyaNA mahilA kI upabhA sItA aura pArvatI se dI gayI hai / sovisehi paraMgaka nAma kA eka samjhAnta majjUna tha yA jisane eka jinAlaya, eka devamandira, eka tAlAba, eka aNDAgAra tathA mudubolala meM surAsura yuddha ke citra banavAye the| usakA putra ammiseTTi thA, jisakI bhAryA kA nAma mAciyakka thaa| ina donoM kA putra gandhiseTTi huA jisakI patnI kA nAma mAkaye thaa| isa dampatI kA putra prastuta soma yA soviseTTi thaa| usakI suzIlA, guNavAn, puNyavatI satI bhAryA kA nAma marudevI thA aura usake gaMjaga, nArasiMga, siMgaNa aura sUcaNa nAma ke cAra putra the 1 isa pratApa - hoysala-paTTaNAmi soviseTTi ne samudra-jaise vizAla tIna sarovara tathA parvata-jaisA uttuMga pArzva-jinAlaya apanA hI nAma dhAraNa karanevAle nagara ( somapura) meM bhaktipUrvaka banavAye the| vaha dezIgaNa - pustakagaccha ke AcArya nayakIrti ke ziSya tathA dAmanandi-vaividya ke anuja, candraprabhu pAdapUjaka bAlacandra munIndra kA gRhastha-ziSya thA / usa samaya vIra ballAladeva ke adhInastha dakSiNa pradeza kA rAjA prabhugAvaNDa narasiMha nAyaka thA | isa sAmanta kA Azrita usakA rAjyaseTha evaM nagaraseTha yaha paTTaNa svAmi soviseTTi thaa| apane svAmI isa sAmanta narasiMha-nAyaka kI prasannatA evaM anumati se soviseTTi ne svanirmApita jinAlaya meM zrI pAzva-jinendra kI aSTavidhi-arcA, jinAlaya kA khaNDa-sphuTita jIrNoddhAra aura muni AhAra- dAna kI vyavasthA ke lie 1178 I. meM svagurU bAlacandra ko pAda prakSAlanapUrvaka bhUmidAna diyA thaa| usI avasara para mAdhava daNDanAyaka kI AjJA se mArana ber3e ne mandira ke dIpa ke lie eka tela mila tathA ghATa para utaranevAle mAla kI cuMgI kA dazamAMza samarpita kiyA thaa| abhilekha meM soviseTTi ko jitAtma, cAritrArAma, paranArIputra, zaraNAgata-yaja- paMjara, guNadhAma, aparimita dAnI, nava-tattvavid, abhimAna meru, sajjana-mitra, nijakula- kuvalaya-candra, yazasvI, dAnavinoda, jinapada-kamala-madhukara, jinamArga alaMkAra ityAdi kahA gayA hai / deviseTTi kaDUra jile ke kalasApura sthAna ke AMjaneya - jinAlaya meM prApta 1176 I. ke zilAlekha ke anusAra svaguru dezIgacchIya bAlacandra muni kI preraNA se dhanakubera deviser3i ne rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra meM vIraballAla- jinAlaya nAma kA bhavya jinamandira banavAyA thA aura usakI prArthanA para mahArAja vIraballAla ne ukta mandira kI pUjA, saMrakSaNa, pujAriyoM Adi ke lie kaI grAma tathA katipaya rAjyakara usake guru bAlacandra ko dAna diye the| sambhavatayA isI zrImanmahA-baDDa vyavahArI ( bar3e vyApAriyoM ke pramukha) deviseTTi aura eka anya bar3e vyApArI kavaDamayya ne rAjadhAnI kI zAntinAtha basadi ke lie tathA eka anya mallinAtha jinAlaya ke lie dAna diye ye aura anya logoM se bhI dilavAye the / 180 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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11 mAriseSTi, kAmiseSTi, bharatisehi evaM rAjaseSTi-rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra ke ina cAra pradhAna jaina vyApAriyoM evaM seThoM ne sthAnIya nAgarikoM tathA samasta videzI vyApAriyoM ke sahayoga se eka atyanta sundara evaM vizAla jilAra bhagavAna abhinava-zAntinAthadeva ke nAma se banAyA thA, jo nagara kA pramukha jinabhavana hone se nagara-jinAlaya khlaayaa| ukta rAjyaseThoM kI prArthanA para pratApa-cakravartI vIrathallAladeva apane kumAra (yutharAja narasiMha), samasta prabhu-gAvuNDoM evaM nAi-gAvuNToM (sAmanta-saradAroM) ke sAtha ukta jinAlaya ke darzana ke lie gayA to vahA~ bhagavAn jinendra ke aSTavidha-pUjotsava evaM muniyoM ko diye jAnevAle AhAradAna ko dekhakara atyanta prasanna huA aura samasta sAmantoM kI prArthanA para ukta jinAlaya ke lie usane muni bajanandisiddhAntideva ko do grAma pradAna kiye / vaha bajanandi dramilasaMdhI AcArya zrIpAla-traividha ke ziSya the| uparyukta cAroM seTha bhI unhIM zrIpAla-vicha ke gRhastha-ziSya the| AdigaduNDa-mahApradhAna AdigaNDa kAlagaNDa kA pautra, honmagANDa aura jakke-gayuNDi kA putra tathA mAvuSTi, mAra, mAca aura nAka gavaNDoM kA pitA thaa| vaha cIraballAla dvitIya ke daradeza bopadeva kA Azrita thaa| yaha parivAra dramilasaMdhI zAsupUjya muni ke ziSya perumaladeva kA gRhastha-ziSya thaa| ukta svaguru ke lie AdigavuNDa aura usake putroM meM eka vizAla jinAlaya banavAyA thA aura usake lie 1248 I. meM bhUmidAna diyA thA jisake dene meM koNDali ke 40 jaina parivAroM ke sAtha samasta brAhmaNa bhI sammilita the| 1220 I. meM vIraballAla kI mRtyu ke uparAnta hoyasala vaMza kI avanati prArambha ho gyii| usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI narasiMha dvitIya kA rAjya alpakAlIna rhaa| sadanantara narasiMha ke putra somezvara ne 1245 I. taka rAgya kiyaa| usakI do rAniyA~ thIM, jinake puloM meM paraspara rAjya ke lie saMgharSa claa| antataH rAjya ke do Tukar3e ho gaye--eka para narasiMha tRtIya (1254-391 I.) tathA dUsare (dakSiNI bhAga) para rAmanAtha {1254-1297 I.) pRthaka-pRthak zAsaka rahe / ye donoM hI rAje jinadharma-bhakta rahe pratIta hote haiN| somezvara hoyasala (1225-1245 I.)-kI paramparAgata upAdhi samyaktvaSTAmaNi usakA jaina honA sUcita karatI hai| usakI anumati se usake mantrI rAmadeva nAyaka dvAsa eka vyavasthApatra taiyAra kiyA gayA thA, jisake anusAra zravaNabelagola ke bhItara rAjakaroM Adi para sampUrNa adhikAra kaTauM ke jainAcArya kA thA / yahA~ vyApArI bhI prAyaH saba jaina hI the| unakI bhI ukta zAsana meM sahamati thii| hoyasala narasiMha tRtIya-bijjalarAnI se utpanna somezvara kA putra thA aura prAcIna kAryATaka sAmrAjya ke paitRka bhAga tathA rAjadhAnI dvAratamudra para adhikRta suA thA / jaba 4254 I. meM vaha rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra ke suprasiddha vijaya-pArvadeva-jinAlaya hoyasala rAjavaMza ::381

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wwwrawaMMinute meM darzanArtha gayA to vahA~ usane deva-pUjana kiyA, mandira ke pUrvavartI zAsanoM (phAnoM ko svIkAralI ApadAna diyaa| apane bahanoI panideva dvArA pradata bhUmi para eka bhavana banavAkara bhI usane mandira ko de diyaa| apane upanayana-saMskAra ke avasara para 1255 I. meM bhI isa pandraha varSa AyuAle kizora rAjA ne bhagavAn vijaya-pAdiva kI pUjA ke lie dAna diyA thaa| usake guru mUlasaMdha-balAtkAragaNa ke mudenduyogi ke ziSya aura 'sAra-catuSTaya' ke racayitA mAghanandi siddhAnti the| rAjA ne 1265 I. meM rAjadhAnI ke kali-hoyasala-jinAlaya meM darzanArtha padhArakara apane mahApradhAna somekha daNDamAdhaka ke sar3ayoga se trikUTa ratnatraya-zAntinAtha-jinAlaya ke saMrakSaNa ke lie svaguru ko pandraha grAma dAna kiye the| tabhI se baha mandira narasiMha jinAlaya ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| rAjadhAnI ke nAgarikoM ne 1257 I. meM dravya ekatrita karake bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI eka navIna pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thI, jisake lie rAjA ne dAna diyaa| uparyukta somayya daNDanAyaka ne 1271 I. meM rAjadhAnI ke nikaTa eka prAcIna basadi kA punaruddhAra kiyA thaa| rAjadhAnI ke nagara-jinAlaya ke 1282 I. ke zilAlekha meM spaSTatayA likhA hai ki AcAryazreSTha mahAmaNDalAcArya mAdhanandi-siddhAnti isa hoyasala nareza ke rAjaguru the, jinheM usa varSa bhI usane dAna diyA thaa| rAjA ke mAdhava nAmaka eka anya daNDanAyaka ne 128% I. meM kodhyaNatIrtha kI caturviMzati-tIrthaMkara-basadi meM eka navIna jina-pratimA pratiSThApita karake unhIM guru mAghanandi ko dAna diyA thaa| usI varSa zravaNabelagola ke samasta jauhariyoM (mANikya nagaraMgala) ne ukta sthAna ke nagara-jinAlaya ke Adideva kI pUjana ke hetu apane guru ukta mAghanandi kI bhUmidAna diyA thA aura 1288 I. meM unhoMne dravya ekatra karake usakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA tathA apanI jAya kA eka pratizata dAna kiyA thaa| isI rAjA ke prazraya meM mallikArjuna ke putra jaina vidvAn kezirAja {1260 I.) ne 'zabdamaNidarpaNa' nAmaka prAmANika kannaDa vyAkaraNa likhA thA aura kumudendu ne 1275 I. meM kannar3I bhASA meM jaina-rAmAyaNa racI thii| rAmanAtha hoyasala-somezvara kI dUsarI g2anI devaladevI se utpanna usakA putra rAmanAtha tamila pradeza evaM kolara prAnta kA zAsaka huaa| kannanUra (vikramapura) ko usane apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA aura 1254 se 1297 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| usane 1276 I. meM kogali nAmaka sthAna meM cenna-pArzva-rAmanAtha-basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jisake lie usake rAjya-seTha nAlaprabhu deviseTi me bhUmidAna diyA thaa| do tithirahita zilAleNToM meM svayaM rAjA dvArA ukta jinAlaya ke lie svarNa-dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| kogali ke jainagurU ubhavAcArya kA bhI isa rAjA ne sammAna kiyA thA aura kolhApara ke sAmanta-jinAlaya ko bhI dAna diyA gayA thaa| hoyasala ballAla tRtIya (1291-1353 I.)-narasiMha tRtIya kA putra evaM 182 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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gADIka artha firmne uttarAdhikArI vIraballAla tRtIya isa vaMza kA antima nareza thA / hoyasaloM kI rAjyazakti patanonmukha thI, jise alAuddIna khilajI aura muhammada tugalaka ke barbara AkramaNa evaM bhayaMkara lUTamAra ne dharAzAyI kara diyaa| tathApi yaha vIraballAla anta taka apane svadeza kI svatantratA aura rAjya kI rakSA ke lie vIratApUrvaka jUjhatA rhaa| dharma kI ora dhyAna dene kA use avakAza hI nahIM thA / svarAjya kI rakSA ke prayatna meM usane vIragati pAyI / yadyapi apane vaMza evaM rAjya kI rakSA karane meM vaha saphala nahIM rahA tathApi marane ke pUrva aisI vyavasthA kara gayA, jisake phalasvarUpa usakI mRtyu ke tIna varSa ke bhItara hI vijayanagara sAmrAjya kA usake dvArA boyA huA bIja aMkurita ho uThA aura zIghra hI lahalahAne lgaa| isa vIraballAla ke zAsanakAla meM bhI jainadharma hI karNATaka deza kA sarvopari evaM pradhAna dharma thA aura yaha rAjA bhI usakA poSaka aura saMrakSaka yathAsambhava rhaa| jaba 1300 I. meM rAjadhAnI dvArasamudra meM mahAmuni rAmacandramaladhArideva ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA to samasta janatA ne utsava manAyA aura ukta jaina-guru kI mUrtiyA~ banavAkara sthApita kiiN| usI varSa tata nAmaka jaina vidvAn ne rAjyAzraya meM prakRti-vijJAna para 'rahasUtra' yA 'rahamAlA' nAma kA grantha rcaa| rAjA ke mahApradhAna sarvAdhikArI keteya daNDanAyaka ne 1882 I. meM eDenADa kI kolugaNa basadi nAmaka jinAlaya ko do grAma pradAna kiye the| senApati sAtaNa samyaktva-cUDAmaNi Adi virUdadhArI hoyasalanareza somezvara ke sainyAdhinAtha (pradhAna senApati) zAnta-daNDeza vijaya mantrI ke vaMza meM utpanna hue the| yaha senAnAtha - ziromaNi bandijana - cintAmaNi, sujana canaja-vana- pataMge the| unakA anuja kAma zrIjinendra ke caraNa-kamaloM kA bhramara yazasvI rAjapuruSa thA / usakI patnI nAkayya kI putrI durgAmbikA thI aura soma evaM rAma nAma ke do putra I yaha soma yA sovarasa bhI karaNa gaNAgraNI arthAt rAjya ke pramukha lekhAdhikArI the / yaha puruSaratna asala guNagaNadhAma the| sovarasa kI dharmAtmA patnI se utpanna unake putra yaha sAta yA sAtapaNa the| sAtaNNa kI patnI banitA guNa-ratna boghave thii| yaha parivAra dezIgaNa pustakagaccha ke AcArya bhAnukIrti ke ziSya mAghanandi-vratI kA gRhastha-ziSya thaa| sAtaraNa ko sAtizaya-carita-bharita, bhUtabhavadbhAvi bhavyajana-saMsevya, amalaguNasambhUta, vidyAdi-guNa-rUpa-nilaya, jinapadapayoruhAkarahaMsa ityAdi kahA gayA hai| isa dharmAtmA sAtaNNa ne apane iSTa gotra- mitra-putra kalatra Adi kI sukhasambhUti ke nimitta 1248 I. meM manalakene nAmaka sthAna meM zrI zAntinAtha bhagavAn kA mandira punaH nirmANa karAkara usa para svarNakalaza car3hAyA thA, pratiSThA karAyI thI aura mandira meM jinArdhana evaM AhAradAna ke hetu bhUmi kA dAna svaguru mAghanandI - vratI ko diyA thA / nalaprabhu devisehi hoyasala rAmanAtha ke samaya meM prasiddha rAjyazreSThi thA / jaba 1276 I. meM ukta rAjA ne kogali meM cenna pArzva samanAtha-basadi nAmaka jinAlaya banavAyA thA to usake lie isa seTha ne prabhUta bhUmidAna diyA thA / hoyasala rAjavaMza : 188 www www.

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___ mAdhava daNDanAyaka- hoyasala narasiMha tRtIya ke samaya meM eka jaina senApati thA jisane koppaNa tIrtha para eka vrata ke udyApanasvarUpa eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura usake lie mUlasaMgha dezIgaNa ke mAdhanandi siddhAnti ko dAna diyA thaa| vaha unakA gRhastha-ziSya thaa| someya dapainAyaka hoyasala narasiMha tRtIya ke mahApradhAna someya daNDanAyaka ne rAjadhAnI ke trikTa-ratnatraya-narasiMha-jinAlaya ke lie tathA usameM zAntinAtha jinendra kI pratimA pratiSThita karane ke lie rAjA se tathA dvArasamudra ke nAgarikoM se mAdhanandi muni ko dAna dilAyA thA aura ukta dAnazAsana kI vyavasthA kI thii| keteya daNDanAyaka-bIraballAla tRtIya kA mahApradhAna, sarvAdhikArI evaM senApati keteya daNDanAyaka parama jaina thaa| usane 1332 I. meM eDenAI kI kolagaNabasadi (jinAlaya) ke lie do grAmoM ke rAjyakaroM kA dAna diyA thaa| 184 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza : 43 uttaravartI gaMgarAje barmadeva- peniDi bhujabalagaMga-gaMgavaMza ke uttaravartI samAoM meM rakkasagaMga dvitIya kA bhatIjA aura kaliyaMga kA putra barmadeva adhika prasiddha huaa| usakI sanI gaMga-mahAdevI bhI yazasvI mahilA-putla thii| ye donoM rAjA-rAnI malUsaMghakANUragaNameSapASANa ke prabhAcandra siMddhAntideva ke gahastha-ziSya the| bammadava mahAmaNDalezvara kahalAte the| unake dhAra putra the-mArasiMga, satya (nanniya) gAMdha, rakkasagaMga aura bhujabalagaMga tathA pautra mArgasiMhadeva-maliyagaMga thaa| bampadika ne 1054 I. ke lagabhaga gaMgoM ke prAcIna maNDali-tIrtha kI paTTada-basadi kI, jo pahale lakar3I kI banI thI, pASANa meM nirmita karAkara usake lie haliyare grAma kA dAna diyA aura apane dvAsa zAsita nAI (prAnta) ke gA~voM meM kuladevI pAvatI ko pA~ca paNa kI zAzvata peMTa dii| rAnI gaMgamahAdevI pANyakula meM utpanna huI thI aura ralaya-dharma kI ArAdhikA thii| badiva kA choTA bhAI movindara thaa| jaba gaMga-pemmADideva (barmadeva) apane ukta bhAI 6 anya parivAra ke sAtha sukha se rAjya kara rahA thA to 1079 I. meM usane tahakare nAmaka sthAna meM Akara usa pradeza kA pUrA zAsana-bhAra apane dharmAtmA sAmanta nokayya ko sauMpa diyA aura usake dharma-kAryoM meM protsAhana diyA thaa| svayaM vaha maMganareza isa kAla meM cAlukya samrAToM kA mahAsAmanta thaa| usane (yA usake putra meM) dharmAtmA ketacce ke putra biDideca, bammamAvuNTa aura nAlaprabhu ke sAtha 1110 I. meM manicandra-siddhAnti ko dAna diyA thaa| sAmanta nokkayya-guNavAn poleyampa kI patnI ramaNIratna keleyabbe se unakA kuladIpaka suputra pauDe-nokkayya huaa| usakA vivAha maNDali ke camAvaNDa kI putriyoM kAlepaye aura malliyabve ke sAtha huA thaa| pahalI rAnI se gujaNa nAma kA putra huA thA jo pemmAdi-gAyuSaDa ke nAma se vikhyAta huaa| dUsarI patnI se jinadAsa nAmaka putra utpanna huaa| jaba nokkayya apane donoM putroM ke sAtha sukha se raha rahA thA to 1079 I. meM usake svAmI saMgapemADideva (bammadiva-bhujavalagaMga) ne tahakare Akara vahA~ kA samasta zAsana-bhAra nokkayya ko sauMpa diyaa| nokkayya ne tahako meM eka jinamandira zanavAyA aura eka vizAla sarobara khudyaayaa| usane aura bhI kaI pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza :: 185

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nsciemaining o jinamandira harige aura nellavatti meM banavAye / laTTakere aura nellayatti kI basadiyoM ke lie rAjA varmadeva ne use do bherI, eka maNDapa, cAmara tathA bar3e nagAr3e rAjya kI ora se pradAna kiye aura rAjA ko usane jo bheMTa dI thI usake badale rAjA ne use jATa gA~voM kI gAvuNDa-vRtti, bIsa ghor3e, pA~ca sau dAsa tathA enasavAr3I pradAna kii| rAjA kA yaha priya pegAhe-nokkayya usakA mahApradhAna bhI thaa| yaha svAmibhakta, buddhimAn, dhairyavAna, laujabhyatIrtha, kaliyuga-sAdhaka, gaMganareza ke lie hanumAna aura jinadharaNoM kA ArAdhaka thaa| usake guru prabhAcandra siddhAnti the| aisA lagatA hai ki uparyukta pAMca yA chaha mandiroM meM se eka usane apane patra jinadAsa kI smati (parokSa vinaya) meM banavAyA thaa| rAjya ke sandhi-viprADika mantrI dAmarAja ne yaha zAsana likhA thA aura sAntoja padya ne use utkIrNa kiyA thaa| mahArAnI bAcaladevI-Alahalli ke 1112 I. ke zilAlekha meM maMganareza dharmadeva-mujabalagAMga-pammADideva (geyarasa) ke nAma ke sAtha prAcIna gaMgarAjAoM kI sabhI paramparAgata upAdhiyoM kA prayoga huA hai aura likhA hai ki usakI paTTAnI gaMgamahAdevI ne, jo parivAra-surabhi aura antaHpura-mukhyamaNDana thI, apane choTe bhAI paTTigadeva ke lie maMgavA kA mukuTa dhAra kiyA thA sambhavayA yaha badiva ke sAtha usakA vivAha karAne meM mukhya kAraNa rahA hogaa| samasta saniyoM aura rAjAoM meM yaha sarvAdhika pratiSThita thii| usake cAroM putra bhI mahAn vIra yoddhA the| usakI eka sapatnI, mahAmaNDalezvara barmadeva kI dUsarI rAnI, thAraladevI thii| jaba zeSa parivAra mAli-eka hajAra prAnta meM apane nivAsa sthAna eDehalli meM 1112 I. meM sukhapUrvaka raha rahA thA, rAnI pegaDe-bAcaladevI sannikare meM nivAsa kara rahI thii| loka meM jaise samudra-pariveSTita gaMgADi deza prasiddha hai aura usameM bhI maNDalinADa prAnta, usI prakAra maNDalinADa kI nAka yaha bannikare nagara thaa| isa rAnI meM apane bar3e bhAI 'jinapadAmbuja-bhaMga' sAhabali se parAmarza karake usa nagara meM pAzvanAtha bhagavAna kA eka ati sundara jinAlaya banavAyA aura apane pati yambhadeda, gaMgamahAdevI, kumAra maMgarasa, pArasiMgadeSa, goggideva, kaliyaMgadeya, samasta mantriyoM aura nAprabhuoM kI upasthiti meM ukta jinAlaya kI pratiSThA karake usake lie rAjakara se mukta karake kucha bhUmi, eka bAza, do kolhU aura bannikare evaM vUdagere donoM nagaroM kI cuMgI kI Aya kA dAna diyA thaa| anya logoM ne bhI dAna diyaa| dAna dezImaNa ke zumacandra muni ko diyA gayA thaa| isa abhilekha meM sanI bAcaladevI kI prabhUta prazaMsA kI gayI hai| use dAnacintAmaNi, dAnakalpalatA, patipriyA, patiparAyaNA, yazasvinI, saMgIta evaM nRtya vidyA meM nipuNa, catura-vidyA-vinoda, kastUrI-kAmoda, jinamandhodakapavitrIkRtabinaulanIla kuntala, nikhila-kula-pAlikA, saubhAgyazacI, paropakArakamalAkaracakravAka, jinazAsana sAmrAjya-yaza-patAkA ityAdi kahA gayA hai| usane apane pati rAjA ko bhI 'pAtra-jaga-dale' upAdhi dI thii| Bandalaakaashamisc XOSS 186 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ManmoYcomwwww------ nanniya gaMga-badeva aura gaMga-mahAdevI kA pA thaa| apane kulla ko . paramparAnusAra vaha eka dhArmika rAjA thaa| vaha cAlukya samrAT tribhuvanamalla kA mANDalika sAmanta thaa| jisa samaya yaha dharma-mahArAjAdhirAja nanniyagaMga-pempADideva sukha-zAnti se rAjya kara rahA thA, to 117 I. meM kalaMbUru nagara ke adhipati paTTaNasAmi vamiseTTi ne apane nagara meM eka bhavya jinAlaya banavAyA aura usameM deva kI pUjA-arcA tathA muni AhAradAna Adi ke lie rAjA mamniyagaMga se bhUmi prApta karake svaguru meghapASANagana kIrTi bhArata ko sIna kI pamahAdevI kA nAma kaMcalamahAdevI thaa| vaha bhI apane pitA kI bhA~ti prabhAcandra siddhAntideva kI gRhastha-ziSyA thii| usane 1121 I. meM mAili kI paTTadi-tIrtha-basadi meM pacIsa navIna caityAlaya banavAye aura ukta basadi ke lie svaguru ke ziSya budhacandra-paNDitadeya ko bhUmidAna diyA thaa| kallUramuSDa ke isa / / 21 I. ke zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ina gaMga-rAjAoM kA zAsana apanI paitRka jAgIra maNDali-hajAra prAnta para thA aura usake eDadore-sattara viSaya meM sthita pUrvokta paTTadi-pasadi maMgavaMza kA ati prAcInakAla se rAjyadevAlaya rahatA AyA thaa| mUlataH gaMgavaMza-saMsthApaka daDiMga aura mAdhava ne hI usa jinAlaya kI sthApanA kI thii| aneka utthAna-patanoM ke bIca se gujarate hue bhI apane kula ke isa iSTa devAvatana kA samI gaMgarAjAoM ne saMrakSaNa kiyA thaa| isa uttarakAla meM bhI bardiya meM usa kASTa-nirmita basadi ko pASANa meM 1054 I. ke lagabhaga banavAyA thA aura dAna diyA thaa| tadanantara usake putra mArasiMga ne, jo mAdhanandi siddhAnti kA gRhastha-ziSya thA, 1065 I. meM usake lie svayaM bhUmidAna diyA tathA 1070 I. meM apane bhAI satya aparanAma nanniyanaMga ke sAtha milakara dAna diyaa| tIsare mAI bhujavalaga ne jo municandra siddhAnti kA gRhastha-ziSya thA, 105 I. meM usake lie bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| isa nanniyayaMga AparanAma satyagaMga ne 1112 I. meM kurulItIrtha meM gaMga-jinAlaya banavAkara usake lie guru mAdhavacandra ko pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa| isa rAjA kA putra gaMgakumAra vIra, dAnI aura dharmAtmA thaa| yaMma rAje isa samaya cAlukya samrAT ke mahAmaNDalezvara hoyasala-narezoM ke mAlika sAmanta the| siMgaNa daNDanAyaka ke pitA bopaNa daNDanAyaka the, mAtA mAgiyaraka thI aura guru harinandideva the| uddhare ke mahAmaNDalezvara ekakkalarasa ke isa samara-subhaTAgraNI, jainacUr3AmaNi dIra daNDAdhipati siMgaNa ne jinapadoM kA dhyAna karate hue samati prApta kI thI, sambhavatayA 1189 I. meN| gaMgarAja ekkalarasa-gaMgavaMza kI eka zAkhA kA zAsana vanavAsi deza ke jiDDUlige pradeza para thA aura uddhare usakA mukhya nagara thaa| isa zAkhA meM caTTima nAma kA eka vikhyAta vIra puruSa huaa| usakA putra 'kIrtirAja', 'raNamukharasika Adi virudadhArI mArasiMga nRpa thA, jisakA putra ekkalabhUpa thA jo gaMga-kula-kamala-dinakara, pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza :: 187

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" ra dAnAvanoda, uttuMgayaza. paramArthabIra, rUpavAn, bhAratI kA kaTahAra, satyabhApI, subhaTottama, parAmamI ityAdi guNasampanna thA aura nAnA dezoM ke vidvAnoM pAI kaviyoM ke lie aMgarAja karNa ke jaisA dAnI yA / vaha hoyasala nareza vIra ballAla kA mahAmaNDalezvara thaa| usakI mAtA kA nAma lakamAdevI thA aura usakI bahana suprasiddha caTTiyabbarasi yA caTTaladevI thii| rAjA ekkalarasa ke mantrI mAla camUnAtha kA vaMzaja ... hoyasaloM kA vIra senApati.mahAdeva-daNDanAtha thaa| usane jaba 1397 I. meM eraMga-jinAlaya banavAkara usameM zAntinAcedeva kI pratiSThA kI aura usake lie svaguru sakalacandra ko bhUmi Adi dAna diye usa avasara para eskalarasa bhI saparivAra upasthita the aura ukta dharmakAryoM meM unakA yoga thaa| suggiAyabbarasi-gaMganRpa mArasiMga kI bahana aura ekkalarasa kI buA dhii| usane paMca-basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thA, usake lie dAna diye the aura muniyoM ke AhAradAna kI vyavasthA kI thii| vaha mAdhanandivrattI kI gahastha-ziSyA thI tathA paMcaparameSThI kI paramabhakta, munijanasethI, cArucaritra, guNapavitra aura dAnazIlA ramaNI thii| kamakiyabbarasi-suggiyabbarasi kI bahana thii| isa rAjakumArI ne apanI bahana ke dharma kAryoM meM sahayoga diyA, usake diye dAna Adi meM vRddhi kI, jahA~ jinamandira nahIM the, vahA~ unheM banavAyA aura jahA~ jisa jinAlaya yA guru ko AvazyakatA thI, usakI pUrti ke hetu dAna diye| caTTiyabarasi-uddhare ke zAsaka gaMgarAja mArasiMga kI putrI, ekkalarasa kI choTI bahana, dazavarma kI patnI, eraMga, kezava aura siMgadeva kI jananI thii| yaha prasiddha dharmAtmA mahilA bar3I chAnazIlA thii| kAmadhenu aura cintAmaNi se usakI upamA dI jAtI thii| zAntiyakke-isa dharmAtmA mahilA ke pitA kA nAma koTi-seSTi thA, mAtA kA bopavye, cAcA kA boppa-daNDeza aura pati kA keti-sehi thaa| yaha parivAra gaMga bhUpAla ekkalarasa ke Azraya meM uddhare nagara meM nivAsa karatA thaa| usake pati keliseTTi ko samyaktva-ratnAkara kahA gayA hai| vaha svayaM parama jinabhakta, gurucaraNoM kI sevikA, bhava-zikhAmaNi, dAna-satva aura sumati-nivAsa thii| usake guru bhAnukorti siddhAnti the| usane aura usake pati ne uhare kI vaha prasiddha basadi banavAyI thI mo kanaka-jinAlaya ke nAma se prasiddha huii| svayaM rAjA ekkalarasa ne isa jinAlaya ke lie ukta guru ko bhUmidAna diyA thaa| humacca ke sAntara rAje pomburcapura (humaca) ke sAntara unavaMzI kSatriya the aura sAntalige--- 1000 pradeza ke zAsaka the AThavIM zatAbdI meM isa vaMza kA udaya huA aura isake rAje 184 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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pahale rASTrakUToM aura tadanantara kalyANI ke cAlukyoM ke pramukha sAmantoM meM se the| yaha vaMza prArambha se prAyaH anta taka jainadharma kA makta anuyAyI rhaa| dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma ko zaktizAlI banAne meM isa vaMza kA paryApta yogadAna thA / jinadattarAya-- uttara mathurA meM rAha nAma kA rAjA huA jI mathurA-bhujaMga (vIra) ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| vaha usI ugravaMza meM utpanna huA thA jisameM tIrthaMkara pArzva kA janma huA thaa| usake vaMza meM aneka pIr3hiyoM ke uparAnta sahakAra nAma kA duSTa rAjA huA jo antataH naramAMsa bhakSI ho gyaa| usakI dharmAtmA patnI se jinadattarAya kA janma huA thA, jise apane pitA ke AcaraNa para bar3I glAni huii| ataeva apanI mAtA kI sahamati se janmabhUmi kA tyAga karake vaha dakSiNa deza calA gyaa| vahA~ usane siMharatha nAmaka asura kA vadha karake jakkiyadevI ko prasanna kiyA aura usase siMhalAchana prApta kiyA, andhakAsura kA vadha karake andhAsuranagara basAyA, kanakAsura kA vadha karake purA aura kunda ke durga se kara tathA karadUSaNa ko bhagAkara padmAvatIdevI ko prasanna kiyaa| devI vahIM eka lokkivRkSa para nivAsa karane lagI aura usane lokiyavye nAma dhAraNa karake vIra jinadattarAya ke lie sundara rAjadhAnI basA dI jo kainakapura aparanAma pomburccapura (vartamAna humacca) ke nAma se prasiddha huii| humacca kI yaha jaina yakSI padmAvatI hI usakI iSTadevI evaM kuladevI huii| isa devI kI sAdhanA se jinadattarAya ko adbhuta mantrasiddhi huI thii| usane sAntalige - hajAra pradeza para adhikAra karake apane rAjya kI aura vaMza ko, jisakA nAma usane sAntara rakhA, sthApanA kii| sambhavatayA siddhAntakIrti nAma ke jainAcArya usake dharmaguru evaM rAjaguru the| eka abhilekha meM jinadattarAya ko kalasa-rAjAoM ke kanaka kula meM utpanna huA batAyA hai| usane sarvaprathama apanI kuladevI lokkiyanve (pAvatI) kA mandira humacya meM banavAyA aura tadanantara aneka jinAlaya banavAye the aura jinAbhiSeka ke lie kumbasepura gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| usI preraNA se usake bommarasa gauDa Adi kaI sAmantoM evaM ser3iyoM ne ukta jinAlayoM ke lie vArSika dAna diyA thaa| jinadatta ne mathurAdhIzvara, paTTi pombupuravarezvara, mahogravaMzalalAma, padmAvatI - labdha-vara prasAda, vAnara-dhvaja aura jinapAdArAdhaka Adi jo viruda dhAraNa kiye the, ve saba usakI vaMza paramparA meM calate rhe| jinadatta kA samaya lagabhaga 800 I. hai| tolapuruSa - vikrama sAntara -- jinadattarAya kA putra yA pautra thA jo bar3A pratApI, vIra aura dharmAtmA thaa| mahImra-kula-tilaka, nirdoSasamyagdRSTi, nava pratApa sampanna, nyAya karane meM prasiddha, zatru rAjAoM ke zUravIroM kI pakar3ane meM dakSa, rAma-jaise dhanurdhArI isa nareza ne apane guru koNDakundAnvaya ke mauni siddhAnta bhaTTAraka ke lie pASANa kA eka jinAlaya banavAkara usake lie ukta muni ko 897 I. meM dAna diyA thaa| isa nareza kI mahArAnI pAliyakke ne apanI mAtA sAmiyabbe kI smRti meM pASANa pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza :: 180

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kI eka basAde (jinAlaya) nirmANa karAkara usakI pratiSThA mAdhavacandra ki ke ziSya nAgacandradeva ke putra mAdeya senabona se karAyI thI aura usake lie rAjA kI sahamatipUrvaka bahuta-sA dAna diyA thaa| agale varSa svayaM rAjA ne humacca meM guda-basadi banavAyI aura usameM bhagavAna bAhubali kI pratibhA pratiSThApita kI thii| isa rAjA ne eka mahAdAna diyA thA, jisake kAraNa vaha dAnavanoda aura kandukAcArya kahalAyA / isa rAjA kA samaya lagabhaga 850-900 I. hai| usakI rAnI kA nAma lakSmIdevI thA jisase usakA putra cAgi- sAntara huA jisane bAgi samudra nAmaka sarovara kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| cAgi- sAntara kI patnI ejjaladevI se vIra- sAntara huA, jisakI patnI jAkaladevI (zAntivarmana kI putrI) se kannara - sAntara aura kAvadeva nAmaka do putra utpanna hue| vIra ke pazcAt kannara rAjA huA aura kannara ke uparAnta usake bhAI kAvadeva kI patnI candaladevI ( vIrabalanAtha kI putrI) se utpanna kAvadeva kA putra tyAgi sAntara rAjA huA / tyAgi sAntara kI rAnI nAgaladevI kadambavaMzI harivarmA kI putrI thii| usakA putra manni sAntara huA, jisakI patnI arikesarI kI putrI siriyAdevI thiiN| aura putra akoM sa cikka vIrasAntara rAmamAntara thaa|usk huaa| cikkabIra kI patnI vijjaladevI se ammaNadeva - sAntara huA / ammaNadeva kI rAnI kA nAma holadevI thA / unakA putra tailapadeva thA aura putrI baurabarasi thI jo kiyA kI rAnI huii| isa prakAra lagabhaga 900 se 1050 I. paryanta, koI Der3ha sau varSa ke bIca, taulapuruSa vikrama - sAntara ke ye vibhinna vaMzaja kramazaH usake rAjya ke adhikArI hote rhe| ve saba jainadharma ke anuyAyI the, kintu unake kAryakalApa ke viSaya meM vizeSa jJAtavya upalabdha nahIM hai| uparyukta tailasAntara (prathama) kI do rAniyoM thIM, eka to bA~keyAlva kI choTI bahana (bIrabarasa kI nanada ) mAMkabbarasi thI aura dUsarI gaMgavaMza-tilaka pAyaladeva kI sutA keleyabbarasi thii| isa rAjA ke tIna putra the--bIradeva, siMgana aura bamrmadeva | bIradeva sAntara - tela- sAntara prathama aura mahAdevI keleyabbarasi kA jyeSTha putra evaM uttarAdhikArI thA / cAlukya samrAT trailokya malla kA vaha mahAsAmanta thA aura apane paitRka rAjya sAntalige-hajAra kA adhipati tathA rAjadhAnI pomburccapura kA svAmI thA / vaha jinapAdArAdhaka, zauryaparAyaNa, kIrtinArAyaNa, nIti-zAstrajJa, sarvajJa, trailokyamalla Adi biruda dhArI thaa| apanI prasiddha rAjadhAnI (humacca) meM isa vIra bhUpAla ne aneka jinamandira banavAye the, jinameM nokeAyya yA lokkiya-basadi sarvopari thii| isa jinAlaya ko vastutaH usake sahayoga evaM sahamati se usake paNAsAni nokyavyaTTi ne banavAyA thA, jisake lie usane tathA rAjA ne 1062 I. meM prabhUta jJAna diyA thaa| vIradeva khAntara kI dharmAtmA rAnI cAgaladevI ne usI varSa ukta jinAlaya ke sAmane makaratoraNa banavAyA thA, dAna diye the aura anya dhArmika 190 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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kArya rAjA kI prasannatApUrvaka kiye the| rAjA kI paTTamahAdevI gaMga- rAjakumArI kaMvaladevI aparanAma vIra - mahAdevI thI, jisase usake cAra putra taila, goggiMga, oDuga aura bamma utpanna hue the| isakI do anya rAniyA~ vijjaladevI aura acaladevI thIM / vijjaladevI molamba- nareza nArasiMgadeva kI putrI thii| rAnI cAgaladevI - trailokyamalla - cIra- sAntaradeva kI manonayana vallabhA priya rAnI cAgaladevI rUpa, guNa aura zIlasampanna dharmAtmA mahilArala thii| vaha sAntara nareza kI vAkzrI, kIrti-vadhU aura vijaya zrI thI, vinayayukta aura patiparAyaNA thI, rUpa meM rati aura patibhakti meM pArvatI se usakI upamA dI jAtI thii| usane 1062 I. meM apane pati ke kuladevatArUpa nokkayya (lokkiya ) - basadi ke sammukha eka ati sundara makura-toraNA banavAyA yA meMso kA jinAlaya banavAyA thA, aneka brAhmaNoM ko kanyAdAna dekara arthAt aneka brAhmaNa kanyAoM kA apanI ora se vivAha karake mahAdAna pUrNa kiyA thA aura prazaMsakoM tathA AzritoM ke samUha ko yatheSTa dAna dekara svayaM ko dAnI prasiddha kiyA thaa| cAgaladevI kI jananI arasikabde ne bhI apanI dhArmikatA ke lie bahuta prasiddhi prApta kI thii| isa kAla meM sAntara - rAjya kA sarvapradhAna brahmAdhirAja kAlidAsa thA aura lokkiya- basadi ke lie dekara nAmaka zrAvaka ne guru mAdhavasena ko eka grAma dAna meM diyA thaa| paTTaNasAmi nokkaya - vIra - sAntaradeva kA Azrita usakA rAjyaseTha evaM nagara seTha, rAjadhAnI kI zobhA, sAntara-rAjya kA abhyudaya karanevAlA, AhAra- amayabhaiSajya-zAstra- dAna tatpara, vizada-yazAnidhAna, zrI jainadharma kA atizaya prabhAvaka, jinAgamokta AvaraNavAlA, jinAgama-nidhi, jinendra ke caraNakamaloM meM lIna, 'samyaktvavArAsi' virudradhArI dhanakubera evaM dharmAtmA zreSTha paTTaNasAmi-nokkayya thA / usane 1062 I. meM rAjadhAnI humantra meM paTTaNasAmi-jinAlaya aparanAma nokkasya (yA lokkiya) basadi kA nirmANa karAyA, jo atyanta bhavya, manohara aura vizAla thA / isa jinAlaya ke lie usane eka gA~va rAjA se lekara tathA eka anya gA~va svaguru divAkaranandi-siddhAnti ke ziSya aura apane sahadharmA sakalacandra paNDitadeva ko samarpita kara diye| usane mandira meM pratiSThita pratimA ko ratnoM se mar3ha diyA aura svarNa, rajata, mU~gA evaM vividha ratnoM kI tathA paMca dhAtu kI pratimAe~ pratiSThApita kI thiiN| usake iSTadeva jinendra the, guru tattvArthasUtra' kI kannar3I bAlAvabodhavRtti ke kartA aura candrakIrti bhaTTAraka ke agraziSya siddhAnta- ratnAkara divAkaranandi the, svAmI aura zAsaka vIradeva - sAntara the aura pitA ammaNa zreSThi the| paTTaNasAmi nIkkayya-seSTi ke nAma se sAmire nAma kA gA~va basA thA, jisameM tathA anya tIna grAmoM meM usane cAra sarovara banavAye the aura eka lau svarNa gadyANa dekara umurenadI kA solaMga ke pAgala sarovara meM praveza karAyA thaa| isa lekha ko sakalacandra muni ke gRhastha-ziSya mallinAtha ne likhA thaa| nokkayya-seTTi kA suputra vaizya vaMza-tilaka, rUpavAn vinayI, pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza 191 WI

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: paropakArI, puNyanidhi indara thaa| eka dUsarA putra malla thA jo vidvAn aura sukavi thaa| tailapadeva (dvitIya)-mujavala-sAntara- borava-sAntA kI dhuna uttarAdhikArI yaha laina yA tailapa (dvitIya) thA jisane apane bhujavala se sAntA-rAjya kA mukuTa prApta kiyA thA aura bhujabala-sAntara ke nAma se zAntipUrvaka rAjya kiyA thaa| yaha bhI cAlukya samrATra trailokyamarala kA mahAmaNDalezvara thA aura isane bhI trailokyamalla upAdhi dhAraNa kI thI tathA sarvatra khyAti arjita kI thii| vaha bar3A zUravIra aura jinapAdAsaghaka thaa| usane apanI rAjadhAnI humacca meM, 105 I. meM, bhujabala-sAntara-jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAke isake lie svaguru kanakanandi ko haravari gA~va kA dAna diyA thaa| isa rAjA ne paTTaNasAmi nokkayya-seSTi dvArA nirmita tIrthada-basadi ke lie vIjakana-thayala kA dAna diyA thaa| apanI pUjyA mausI yaddaladevI tathA apane tInoM bhAiyoM ke nirmANa evaM dhArmika kAryoM meM isakA pUrA sahayoga rahatA thaa| nanni-sAntara-bIradeva aura bIrala-mahAdevI kA dUsarA putra goggiga yA govindara hI nanni-sAntara ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| san 1077 I. meM aba yaha jinapAdArAdhaka nareza apanI mAtRtulyA caTTaladethI aura choTe bhAiyoM AIyarasa aura varmadeva sahita zAnti se rAjya kara rahA thA to ina logoM meM humaccha kI suprasiddha paMcakUTa-basadi kA nirmANa prArambha karAyA thA aura usakI nIMva zreyAnsapaDita se rakhavAyI thii| usa avasara para bahuta-se dAnAdi bhI kiye / isa sajA ke muru kamalabhadra the jo zrIbijaba-oDeyadeva ke ziSya the| dAna bhI unheM hI diye gaye the| vikrama-sAntara-mujabala aura nanni-sAntara kA anaja aura vIradeva kA tIsaratra putra oDDga yA oDDeyarasa vikrama-sAntara ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| isa rAjA ne 1087 I. meM pUrvokta paMca-basadi ke lie svagaru ajitasena nAdIbhasiMha ko dAna diyA thaa| vahIM AcArya suprasiddha kSatra-cUr3AmaNi' aura 'gadhacintAmaNi' nAmaka saMskRta granthoM ke rattayitA haiN| senabotra zobhanathya digambaradAsa ne ukta dAna-prazasti ko likhA thaa| bIradeva aura unake putroM ke pradhAnamantrI nagalarasa ko bhI 11981 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM jinadharma kA sudRr3ha durga kahA gayA hai| taila (tRtIya)-sAntara- aparanAma tribhuvanamAla sAntara pUrvokta oDDaga aparanAma vikrama-sAntara kA jyeSTha patra thaa| usakI jananI pANDya rAjakumArI candaladevI thI aura choTe bhAI govinda aura yoppuga dhai| yaha rAjA tArkika cakravatI ajisasena-pANDitadeva vAdidharaha kA gRhastha-ziSya thaa| usane 10 meM apanI pUjyA dhaTTaladevI ke sAtha apanI pitAmahI vIraladevI kI smRti meM paMcayasadi ke sAmane eka navIna basaddhi kI nIMva kA patthara rakhA thA aura usake lie lInoM bhAiyoM ne dAnAdi diye the| isa rAjA kI eka upAdhi 'jagadekadAnI thii| usakI rAnI caTTaladevI se usake do santAna thI, 192 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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patrI pampAdevI aura puna zrIvallabha jI vikrama-sAntara vitIya) ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| dUsarI rAnI akAdevI se kAma, siMgana aura ampaNa nAma ke tIna putra hara the| yaha rAnI nanni sAntara kI patnI kI choTI bahana thii| mahilAratna baTTaladevI yA caTTale, gaMga-rAjakumArI thii| gaMganareza rakkasagaMga prathama kA uttarAdhikArI usakA choTA bhAI nItimArga thA eka dUsarA bhAI sajA kAsava thA, jisakI patnI saMpaladevI se parAkramI govindadeva aura arubhulideva nAma ke do putra hue| isa arumunideva aparanAma rakkasagaMga dvitIya kI rAnI gAvabbarasi madhyadezAdhipati haihayavaMzI ayyaNa-candarasaMga kI putrI thii| ina donoM ko suputrI yaha cahaladevI thI, jisakA bhAI rAjavidyAdhara thA aura bahana kaMcala aparanAma bIraladedhI thii| isa prakAra cabaladevI rakkasagaMga prathama kI pautrI aura rakkasagaMga dvitIya kI putrI thii| kAMdhI ke pallayamareza kaDuSTi kI vaha rAnI thii| usake pati kI asamaya mRtyu ho gayI pratIta hotI hai, ataeva usane apanI choTI bahana bIraladevI ke putroM ko hI apanA poSyaputra banA liyaa| bIradeva-sAntara kI vaha mahAdevI bIrala apane tela (bhujabala), gauggiga (manni), oDDuga (vikrama) aura bamadeva nAmaka cAra zizu ghutroM ko chor3akara asamaya kAlakavalita ho gayI thii| kucha samaya uparAnta sajA vIradeva-sAntara kA bhI nidhana ho gyaa| ataeva una mAtR-pitR-vihIna cAroM sAntara rAjakumAroM kI mAtA evaM abhibhAvikA kA sthAna unakI isa snehavatsalA mausI caTTaladevI ne liyA / usI ne mAtRvat unakA pAlana-poSaNa, zikSA-dIkSA evaM kuzala patha-pradarzana kiyaa| ve cAroM rAjakumAra bhI use apanI sagI jananI hI mAnate-samajhate the, use pUrA putra-sneha, Adara aura sammAna dete the tathA usake AjJAnuvartI rahane meM svayaM ko dhanya mAnate the| TramilasaMgha-nandigaNa kI liyaMgaddhi ke nimbara-tIrtha se sambaddha aruMgalAnthaya ke AcArya joDevadeva aparanAma zrI-vijaya paNDita-pArijAta' kI yaha gRhastha-ziSyA thI / sAntaroM kI rAjadhAnI pomdhurIpura (humacca) meM, jise aba asane apanA sthAyI nivAsasthAna banA liyA thA, caTTaladevI ne aneka jinamandira nirmANa kraaye| inameM pradhAna evaM sarvaprasiddha paMca basadi jinAlaya thA jo apanI sundaratA ke kAraNa uvitilaka-jinAlaya (pRthvI kA AbhUSaNa) kahalAtA thaa| vaha vicAra kara ki dharma hI manuSya kA sarvapradhAna evaM cintanIya kartavya hai, usane nizcaya kiyA ki apane pitA arumalideva, mAtA gAmadhyarati, bahana bIraladevI aura bhAI rAjAditya kI puNya smRti (parokSa-vinaya) meM eka advitIya paMcakUTa-jinamandira nirmANa kiyA jaae| isa devAlaya ke nirmANa sambandhI 1077 I, ke zilAlekha meM likhA hai ki 'goggi (nanni-sAntara) ko mAtA ne bahuta utsukatA se vizva meM agragaNya sthAna prApta karanevAle paMcakUra-jimamandira ko vnvaayaa| kSitija aura AkAza se bAta karanevAle ukta mandira aura eka madhIna sarovara kA nirmANa karake sAntaroM kI mA~ caTTaladevI ne bahuta yaza prApta kiyaa| apane cAra sAntara-putroM ke sAtha ukta jinAlaya pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke upasajya evaM sAmanta vaMza :: 193

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kI pratiSThA karAke usake lie usane svaguru zrIvijaya ke ziSya kamalabhadradeva ko pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka prabhUsa dAna diyA thaa| isa dharmAtmA rAjamahilA ne anya aneka jinAlaya, caityAlaya, sarovara, kapa, bAvar3I, praSA, udyAna, snAna-ghATa, satra apadi lokopakArI nirmANa kiye aura AhAra-abhaya-bhaiSajya-zAstra (vidyA) rUpa caturvidha dAna satata diye| usane apane pautra aura vikrama-sAntara ke putra taila-sAntara (tRtIya) ke sahayoga se 1108 I. meM bahana bIraladevI kI smRti meM humacca ke AnandUra mohalle meM sthita ukta paMcabadi ke sAmane eka anya basadi (jinAlaya) ke nirmANa kI nIMva rakhI thI aura usake lie tathA paMcabasadi ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| yaha dAna pAdidhara ajitasanapaNDita ko diyA gayA thaa| zilAlekhoM meM usa dharmAtmA mahilA ke guNoM evaM dhArmika kAryakalApoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI gayI hai aura usakI tulanA bhavana statA rohigara, celanA, sItA, pramAvatI asI prAdhIna nAmaloM ke sAtha kI gayI hai| jainadharma meM usakA adbhuta anurAga thA, dhapakathAoM ke sunane kA use cAva thaa| sAntaroM ke rAjya kI abhivRddhi kA vaha AdhAra thI, jinadharma ke lie vaha kAmadhenu thI, usakI kIrtipatAkA diga-diganta vyApI thii| vikrama-sAntara (dvitIya)-taila tRtIya kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI thaa| yaha vIra, parAkramI aura dharmAtmA thA aura amitasamapaNDitadeva kA gRhastha-ziSya thaa| apanI dharmAtmA bar3I bahana pampAdevI ke sahayoga se usane vitilaka-jinAlaya meM uttarIya pazAle kI sthApanA karake 1147 I. meM usakI pratiSThA karAyI thI aura yAsupUjya muni ko usake lie dAna diyA thaa| isI sajA kA aparanAma zrIvAlabhadeva thaa| viduSI pampAdevI-taila tRtIya kI putrI aura vikrama (dvitIya)-sAntara kI bar3I bahana rAjakumArI pampAdevI bar3I dharmAtmA yii| hamaJca ke 1147 I, ke zilAlekha ke anusAra usake dvArA navanirmApita citrita caityAlayoM ke zikharoM se pRthvI bhara gayI thii| usake dvArA manAye gaye jinadharmotsoM ke tUrya evaM bherInAda se diga-diganta vyApta ho gaye the aura jinendra kI pUjA ke hetu phaharAyI jAnevAlI dhvajAoM se AkAza bhara gayA thaa| prasiddha mahApurANa meM varNita bhagavAna jinanAtha ke puNya caritra kA zravaNa hI usake kAnoM kA AbhUSaNa thA, muniyoM ko caturvidha dAna denA usake hasta-kaMkaNa the, jinendra kI bhakti aura stavana hI usakI kapaTa-mAlAe~ thii| ina anupama alaMkAroM ke rahate kyA salabhUpa kI yaha sutA apane zarIra para sAmAnya AbhUSaNoM kA bhAra hone kI cintA karatI? eka mAsa ke bhItara hI usane urvitilaka-jinAlaya ke sAtha sundara zAsana-deyatA-mandira nirmANa karAkara pratiSThApita kara diyA thaa| vaha ananya paNDitA thI, isalie sAkSAt-zAsanadevI bhI kahalAtI thii| usane 'aSTa-vidhAna-mahAabhiSeka' aura 'catubhakti' nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kI thii| AcArya ajitasena-bAdIbhasiMha kI vaha gRhastha ziSyA thii| isa dhamAtmA, viduSI panyAdevI ne apane anuja vikrama sAntara Manora n sense 194 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ke sAtha ucitilaka - jinAlaya kI uttarI pahazAlA banavAkara pratiSThita karAyI aura usake lie vAsupUjya guru ko dAna diyA thA / vAladevI - pampAdevI kI suputrI, tela-sAntara (tRtIya) ko dauhitrI aura vikrama - sAntara (dvitIya) kI bhAnajI bhI apanI mA~ kI bhA~ti bar3I dharmAtmA rAjakumArI thii| vaha atyanta rUpayAn zIlavAn, vinayI, dAnazIlA aura parama jinabhakta thii| isa ifer afte evaM zIla- puMja rAjakumArI kI prathama evaM satata ruci jinendra bhagavAn kI aSTavidha pUjA-arcA meM, bhagavAn ke mahA abhiSeka meM aura trisAndhyaka catuH- bhakti maiM rahatI thii| apane uparyukta sadguNoM ke kAraNa vaha nUtana yA abhinava antimabbe kahalAtI thii| apanI jananI aura mAmA ke dharmakAryoM meM sahayoginI thI, yathA 1147 I. ke nirmANa evaM dAna Adi meM / pampAdevI ke guru ajitasenapaNDitadeva hI bAcaladevI ke bhI guru the 1 kAma sAntara - vikrama - sAntara (dvitIya) ke uparAnta usakA sautelA bhAI kAma sAntara aparanAma zAntarAdityadeva rAjA huA jo taila-tRtIya kI patnI akkAdevI se utpanna huA thaa| san 1150 I. ke herekerI zilAlekha meM isa kAmabhUpati ko pArzvanAthAnvayI, tIvra-tejonidhi, kAmadeva ke samAna rUpavAna, vIra aura dharmAtmA likhA hai| usakI rAnI paNDakula meM utpanna huI thii| yaha bar3I sundara, zIlavatI, puNyavatI, dayAlu, jinendra bhagavAn ke caraNakamaloM kI bhakta, pati kI vijayazrI evaM usake kula kI abhivRddhi karanevAlI thii| usake do putra jagadeva aura siMgadeva the tathA eka putrI aliyAdevI thii| donoM putra-zastra - zAstrakuzala, dAna- vinoda, saccaritra aura zUravIra the| aliyAdevI - kAma- sAntara aura rAnI bijjaladevI kI suputrI tathA jagadeva aura timideva kI bhaginI rAjakumArI atiyAdevI vizuddha AcAra evaM nirmala guNoMvAlI bar3I dharmAtmA nArIratna thI / usakA vivAha kadambakula meM utpanna, kokaNa pradeza ke rakSapAla zUravIra rAjA hoyarasa ke sAtha huA thaa| ina donoM kA putra jinendra pAda paMkaja-pada-bhRMga, guNavAn aura puNyavAn kumAra jayakezideva thaa| rAnI alivAdevI caturvidha dAna meM tatpara, nirmala samyagdarzana - jJAna- cAritra guNasampanna, jinarAja kI bhakti meM nimagna dUsarI asimabbe hI thii| usane 1959 I. meM saMtu meM bhaktipUrvaka eka bhavya jinarAjAmAra (jinamandira) banavAyA aura usake lie apane pati evaM putra sahita svaguru bhAnukIrttideva ko dhArApUrvaka bhUmidAna diyA thaa| yaha guru kANUsvaNatintriNIgaccha ke muni the aura bandanike tIrtha ke AcArya the| bIra- sAntara - kAma- sAntara kA putra yA pautra yA jo 1175 I. meM vidyamAna thA / isakA viruda bhI jinapAda-bhramara thaa| isake uparAnta sAntaravaMza meM liMgAyata mata kI pravRtti hone lagI aura sAtha hI vaMza ko avanati bhI / pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza : 195

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saundati ke raTTa-rAje rASTrakUToM kI hI kisI zAkhA se mUlataH utpanna rabAr3I ke zAsaka raha-rAjAoM kA rASTrakUTa samrAToM ke rupaye huA gati (saunyati unakI rAjadhAnI thii| isa vaMza meM prArambha se anta paryanta jainadharma kI pravRtti rahI / pRthvIrAma radda -- ravaMza meM sarvaprathama prasiddha nAma pRthvIrAma kA hai jo mailApatIrtha ke kAraNa ke guNakIrti muni ke ziSya indrakIrtisvAmI kA chAtra ( vidyAziSya) thA aura satyaniSTha meras ( yA mecaGa) kA jyeSTha putra thaa| rASTrakUTa amoghavarSa prathama ke samaya usakA abhyudaya huA aura rASTrakUTa kRSNarAja dvitIya ke samaya taka vaha samadhigatapaMca-mahAzabda- mahAsAmanta ho gayA thA aura usa samrAT kA dAhinA hAtha bana gayA thaa| isa raTTarAja ne 876 I. meM apane svasthAna sugandhavarti meM eka jinendrabhavana kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura usake lie aThAraha nivartana bhUmi kA sarvanamasya dAna diyA thaa| tatsambandhI zilAlekha meM pRthvIrAma ko kRSNa rAja kA pAdapadmopajIvI sevaka, mahAsAmanta, bhRtya-cintAmaNi, subhaTacUr3AmaNi, vIralakSmIkAnta, virodhisAmanta- navajradaNDa vidvajjana- kamalamArtaNDa Adi kahA gayA hai| usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI vallarAja thA / patavarma - pRthvIrAma kA pautra aura catsarAja kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI thaa| yaha bar3A vIra aura parAkramI thaa| ajavarSA nAmaka zatru rAjA ko yuddha meM parAjita karake usane kIrti prApta kI thii| isa piTTaga aparanAma patavarma ne raha-paTTa- jinAlaya banavAyA thA, jinendra kA pUjotsava kiyA thA aura dIpAvalI parva ko apanI rAjadhAnI meM sollAsa manAyA thaa| usakI jyeSTha rAnI rUpavatI, suzIlA, patibhakta evaM dharmAtmA nIjikabve thI jo arundhatI ke samAna thii| unakA putra zAntivarmana thA / zAntivarma -- patavarma (piga) kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI zAntanRpa yA zAntivarmarasa jinabhakta, vijetA, guNagaNAlaMkAra, mArga kA nirNaya karanevAlA, tatva-vicAra-nipuNa, gamaka, catuvidhadAna-satpara, bIra evaM dharmAtmA rAjA thaa| usakI jyeSTha rAnI kA nAma vandi thaa| zAntavarma aura usakI jananI kAragaNa ke bAhubali bhaTTAraka ke gRhastha-ziSya the| isa rAjA ne saundati meM eka jinAlaya banavAkara usake lie svaguru ko 981 I. meM 150 matara bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa| utanA hI dAna ukta jinAlaya ke lie usakI jananI nIjikacce ne bhI diyA thaa| zAntanupa kI rAnI candikale bhI ast dharmAtmA thI aura ukta dharmakAryoM meM utakA sahayoga thaa| yaha rAjA kalyANI ke prathama cAlukya samrAT tailadeva kA mahAsAmanta thA / zAntanUpa kA putra nannabhUSa thA jisakA putra pratApI kArtavIrya (prathama) cAlukya Ahavamalla kA pAda-padmopasevaka thA aura kuhuNDideza kA zAsaka thaa| usakA anUja kannamahIpati thA, jisake putra vAyA aura parama the| vAcA kI agramahiSI mailalAdevI [fi pramukha aitihAsika puruSa aura mahilAeM

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Apaka bhavAna zrI sAgara bhI ka se utpanna usakA jyeSTha putra sena (kAlasena) bhUpati thaa| kamna (kannakara) kI nRtya-gItAdi koviMda ke rUpa meM khyAti thI aura usake dharmaguru kanakaprabha-siddhAntideva the, jinheM usane bhUmidAna diyA thaa| sena kA anuja kArttavIrya (dvitIya) thA jo cAlukya somezvara dvitIya aura tribhuvanamala kA mahAmaNDalezvara thaa| isa kAla meM the rAje lUpuravarAdhIzvara bhI kahalAte the| kAlasena ne saundatti meM bhaktipUrvaka eka jinamandira banavAyA thA, jisake lie 1096 I. meM bhUmidAna diyA thaa| taduparAnta kAlasena, kArtavIrya, kannakera Adi kaI rAjA hue, jo saba apane pUrvajoM kI bhA~ti jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| inameM se kArttavIrya tRtIya ne zilAhAroM kI rAjadhAnI kolhApura ke goMki jinAlaya meM neminAtha bhagavAn kI pratimA 1123 I. meM pratiSThita karAyI thI aura mAghanandi- siddhAnti ko dAna diyA thaa| kArtavIrya caturtha- bArahavIM zatI I. ke uttarArdha meM rahavaMza kA eka pratApI aura dharmAtmA nareza kArtavIrya caturtha thaa| vaha kArtavIrya tRtIya kA potra aura lakSmI bhUpati kA putra thaa| zilAhAra narezoM ke rAjya meM sthita ekatAmbI ke nemIzvara- jinAlaya kI khyAti sunakara yaha 1165 I. meM darzanArtha vahIM gayA aura ukta jinAlaya kI pUjA, saMgItavAdya muniyoM ke AhAra dAna, khaNDasphuTita saMskAra Adi ke lie yApanIya saMgha punnAmavRkSamUtagaNa ke maNDalAcArya vijayakIrti ko udAra dAna diyaa| kArtavIrya ne apanI mAtA candrikA mahAdevI dvArA nirmApita rahIM ke jainamandira ke lie 1201 I. meM tatkAlIna kulaguru zubhacandra bhaTTAraka ko kaI gA~voM kI bhUmiyoM dAna kI thiiN| isa rAjA kA anuja mallikArjuna bhI mArI yoddhA aura dharmAtmA thA aura vIra senApati bUcirAja bhI parama jaina thA, jisane belagAza meM raha - jinAlaya nAma kA mandira nirmANa karAyA thaa| kArtavIrya kA anuja mallikArjuna hI usake samaya meM yuvarAja thA tathA usake rAjyakArya meM yoga detA thaa| kArtavIrya caturtha ne 12004 I. meM bhI apanI mAtA dvArA banavAye gaye mandira ke lie dAna diyA thA, 1205 I. meM svaguru ko anya bhUmidAna diyA aura usI varSa senApati sUcirAja dvArA nirmAti mandira ke lie bhI udAra dAna diyA thaa| lakSmIdeva -- kArtavIrya kI mRtyu ke uparAnta usakA putra lakSmIdeva dvitIya rAjA huaa| usake guru municandradeva the| apane una rAjaguru kI AjJA se lakSmIdeva ne 1229 I. meM aneka zana diye the, jo usane svanirmApita mallinAtha mandira ke nimitta diye the| municandradeva rAjA ke dharmaguru hI nahIM, zikSaka aura rAjanIti pathapradarzaka bhI the| unhIM kI dekha-rekha meM zAsana-kArya calatA thaa| svayaM rAjA lakSmIdeva ne unheM rAjya saMsthApaka prAcArya' upAdhi dI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki saMkaTakAla meM unhoMne pradhAna mantrI kA pada grahaNa kara liyA thA aura rAjya ke zatruoM kA damana karane ke lie zastra bhI dhAraNa kiye the| saMkaTa kI nivRtti ke uparAnta vaha phira se sAdhu Shi gaye the| yaha kAragaNa ke AcArya the| rAjyakArya meM unake pramukha sahAyaka evaM pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza :: 197

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mAnataMOOK parAmarzaka zAntinAtha, nAga aura mallikArjuna the| yaha mallikArjuna lakSmIdeva ke gAyA se bhinnaM, tAmmAsiga-vaMzIya mahAdeva nAyaka kA putra, gaurI kA pati aura kezirAja kA pitA thA / yaha parivAra liMgAyata matAnuyAyI thaa| lerahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya ke lagabhaga saundanti kA ravaMza samApta-prAya ho gyaa| koMkaNa ke zilAhAra rAje pazcimI dakSiNApatha ke koMkaNa pradeza meM I zatI I. meM kaI zilAhAra (selAra, silAra) vaMzI sAmanta gharAnoM kA udaya huaa| ye vidyAdharavaMzI kSatriya the aura svayaM ko paurANika vIra jImUtavAhana kI santati meM huA mAnate the| inakA mUlasthAna tagarapura (paiThana se 35 mIla dUra sthita tera) thA, ataH apane nAma ke sAtha tagarapurayarAdhIzanara upAdhi prayukta karate the| raharAja-zilAhAra-zilAhAroM kI eka zAkhA balipaTTana (balabaDe) durga meM . zAsana karatI thI aura usameM 1008-1010 I. meM dhampiyara kA vaMzaja aura indrarAja kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI raTTarANe tilAra polukhoM ke ATTENT prA bar3A vIra, parAkramI aura pratApI thA aura jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| usakA sandhivinAhika mantrI 'mahAzrI devapAla thaa| raharAja ne apanI vaMzAvalI dhammighara ke prapitAmaha silAra se prArambha kI hai aura vaha svayaM dhammiyara kI sAtavIM pIr3hI meM utpanna huA thaa| silAra ke pautra, siMhala ke putra aura dhammiyara ke pitA saNaphulla ko kRSNarAja kA kRpApAtra batAyA gayA hai, ataeva rASTrakUTa kRSNa prathama ne dakSiNI koMkaNa kI vijaya karake apane jisa zilAhAra sAmanta ko usa pradeza kA zAsaka niyukta kiyA thA, vaha yahI pratIta hotA hai| raTTarAja ke sAtha hI sambhavatayA yaha zAkhA samApta ho gayI athavA usa dUsarI zAkhA meM vilIna ho gayI jo pAnI zatI ke prArambha meM cAlukyoM ke sAmantoM ke rUpa meM udita ho rahI thii| isa dUsarI zAkhA kI prArambhika rAjadhAnI karahATaka (karahada) thI aura tadanantara yaha zullakapura (kolhApura) meM sthAyI huii| balipaTTana (baladhaDe), karahada aura kolhApura ke atirikta panhAlA (padyAlaya) durga bhI unakA eka pramukha gar3ha thA, kintu pradhAna rAjadhAnI kolhApura hI thI, jinake apAnAma kollapura, korallagiri, kSullakapura aura padyAlaya the| isa nagara kI prAcIna adhiSThAtrI pazAvatIdevI ko hI, jo mahAlakSmI ke nAma se bhI prasiddha ho calI thI, zilAhAroM ne apanI iSTadevI evaM kuladevI banAyA 1 ita zAkhA kA prathama jJAta rAjA jatiga prathama thA jo 10vIM zatI I. ke madhya ke lagabhaga sATrakUTa samrAT kRSNa tRtIya kA sAmanta thA / uttakA putra nanivarmana aura pautra candra thaa| candra kA putra jaliga dvitIya (lagabhaga 10000-1020 I.) kalyANI ke cAlukyoM kA prasiddha sAmanta aura apane vaMza kI pratiSThA kA saMsthApaka thaa| goMka, guvala, kIrtirAja aura candrAditya bhAra ke usake 198 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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ra putra the| jyeSTha putra goMka kA rAjya alpakAlIna rahA, kintu vaha aisA jinabhakta thA ki usane jo goMka jinAlaya banavAkara pratiSThita kiyA thA usake anukaraNa para isa pradeza meM agale sau Der3ha sau varSa meM kaI goMka jinAlaya sthApita hue| usake pazcAt usakA anuja guvala prathama rAjA huA, jisane lagabhaga 1055 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| tadanantara gauka kA putra mArasiMha rAjA huA, jisane lagabhaga bIsa varSa rAjya kiyA hai ki siMha ne hI gumne priya pitA kI smRti meM vaha prathama prasiddha goka- jinAlaya nirmANa karAyA ho| isa rAjA ke eka putrI aura cAra putra hue| putrI rAjakumArI vidyAdharA aparanAma candraladevI yA candralekhA kA vivAha cAlukya vikramAditya SaSTha (1076-1128 I.) ke sAtha huA thA, jisake kAraNa kolhApura ke zilAhAroM kI pratiSThA aura zakti bahuta bar3ha gyii| bhArasiMha ke uparAnta usake cAroM putroM ne kramazaH rAjya kiyA---gUvala- gaMgadeva (10761086), ballAla ( 1086-1095), bhoja prathama (1095-1110 ) aura candrAditya ( 1110-1140 ii.)| ballAladeva zilAhAra-apane jyeSTha bhrAtA gUvala gaMgadeva kA uttarAdhikArI thaa| isa mahAmaNDalezvara ne apane anuja gaNDarAditya ke sAtha punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke AcArya rAtrimatikAnti ke gRhastha-ziSya bambagANDa dvArA nirmANita pArzvanAtha - basadi ke lie eka pakkA vizAla bhavana dAna kiyA thaa| yaha pArzvapratimA kolhApura jile meM kAgala ke nikaTa honnUra ke jinamandira meM hai aura lekha pratimA ke abhiSekasthala (pANDuka - zilA) ke sAmane utkIrNa hai| 1 bhoja prathama zilAhAra - apane bhAI ballAla kA uttarAdhikArI thaa| usane lagabhaga 1095 I. se 1110 I. taka rAjya kiyA / isa rAjA ke prazraya meM kolhApura maiM koNDakundAnvaya- dezIgaNa - pustakagaccha ke AcArya kulacandradeva ke ziSya AcArya pAvanandi- siddhAnta ne zilAhAra nareza gauka yA mArasiMha dvArA nirmApita goMka- jinAlaya ke nikaTa suprasiddha rUpanArAyaNa basadi kI sthApanA kI aura use hI apanA sthAyI nivAsa bnaayaa| apanI ukta basadi ko AcArya ne jaina saMskRti aura zikSA kA kendra banAyA aura usameM eka vizAla evaM mahattvapUrNa vidyApITha vikasita kiyA, jisameM tyAgI, vratiyoM, muniyoM Adi ke atirikta sAmantaputra, rAjapuruSa tathA sAmAnya jana bhI zikSA prApta karate the| isa rAjA kA eka viruda 'rUpa-nArAyaNa' bhI rahA pratIta hotA hai usake bhatIje vijayAditya kA to yaha viruda thA hii| aba yA to AcArya ne tatkAlIna rAjA bhoja ke viruddha ke nAma para apane saMsthAna kA nAmakaraNa kiyA athavA usake prazrayadAtA evaM saMrakSaka hone ke kAraNa ina narezoM ne usake nAma ko apanA viruda banA liyaa| gaNDarAditya ( 1110-1140 I.)- bhoja ke uparAnta usakA anuja candrAditya aparanAma gaNDarAditya rAjA huaa| vaha isa vaMza kA prasiddha pratApI nareza thA aura nAmamAtra ke lie hI cAlukyoM ke adhIna thaa| usane aneka yuddha kiye, vijaya prApta pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza 100

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kI aura zatruoM se apane rAjya ko surakSita rkhaa| vaha bhArI dAnI thA aura jainadharma kA poSaka hote hue bhI sarvadharma-samadI thaa| kolhApura ke nikaTa prayAga (nadI-saMgama) meM usane eka haz2Ara brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAyA thA aura nikaTa hI ajurikA (ajarenA) nAmaka sthAna meM eka sundara jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| isaDi meM gaNDu-samudra nAmaka eka vizAla sarovara banavAkara usake taTapara usane aise devAlaya banavAye the jinameM jinendra, ziva aura buddha tInoM devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ sthApita thiiN| usakA pradhAna sAmanta evaM senApati vIra nimbadeva parama jaina thA aura usake dhArmika kAryoM meM rAjA kA sahayoga thaa| isa rAjA ke samaya ke leridAla sthAna ke neminAtha jinAlaya meM prApta 1123 I. ke bahata zilAlekha meM cAragoka-tAzvara ko vIjAdhAtrIkA, jo cAlukya trailokyamAna se vivAhI tho, aura usake putra pemAdvirAya kA ullekha hai, jisane apane nAnA ke rAjya meM Akara apanI jananI ke puNyavardhana hetu ukta dharmakArya meM yoga diyA thaa| saumpatti ke raha-rAjA kArtavIrya tRtIya kA bhI usa kArya meM sahayoga thaa| aisA lagatA hai ki pUrvokta gA~ka zilAhAra kA hI eka vaMzaja gaukadevarasa yA jo teravAla kA zAsaka thaa| usakA pitA vIra mallideva thA aura mAtA dharmAtmA bAcaladevI thI ukta neminAtha jinAlaya kA nirmANa, pratiSThA, dAnAdi meM mukhya preraka vahI thii| ina sabake guru rUpanArAyaNa-basadi ke AcArya kolhApurIya mAdhanandi-siddhAnti cakravartI the, ubhI ke ziSyoM ko dAnAdi diye gaye the| eka abhilekha meM gaNDarAditya ko cairikAntA-vaidhavya-dIzAguru, dhArmika dharmaja aura sakaladarzana cakSuSa kahA hai| vijayAditya zilAhAra (1140-1175 I.)-gaNDarAditya kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI bar3A parAkramI vIra thaa| usane apane pitA ke samaya meM hI goA ke jayakezina ko harAyA thaa| usane cAlukyoM kI parAdhInatA kA juA utAra pheMkA aura vaha vijalakalacuri dvArA cAlukyoM ko padacyuta karake usake kalyANI kA svAmI banane meM pradhAna sahAyaka thaa| kintu jaba bijjala ne use mI apane adhIna karanA cAhA to donoM meM bhayaMkara yuddha huA, jisameM usake senApati nimyadeva ne vIragati pAyI, kintu kalacuriyoM ko bhI parAjita karake bhagA diyaa| vijayAditya ko zatruoM ke lie yamarAja kahA gayA hai| 'kalikAla vikramAditya' evaM 'rUpanArAyaNa usake prasiddha viruda the| apane dhArSika utsAha ke kAraNa vaha 'dharmekabuddhi' bhI kahalAtA thaa| vaha parama jaina thA, zrAvaka ke vratoM kA pAlana karatA thA aura apane guru mANikyanandi paNDitadeva kI bar3I vinaya karatA thaa| kolhApura tathA anya sthAnoM ke jimamandiroM ko utane aneka dAna diye the| nimbadeva ke atirikta usakA vIra senApati, bopaNa mantrI lakSmIdhara aura sAmanta kAlana bhI parama jinabhakta the| unake dhArmika kAryoM meM isa rAjA kI sahamati evaM sahayoga thaa| san 1143 I. meM usane apane eka sAmanta kAmadeva ke Azrita vAsudeva dvArA kolhApura meM nirmApita jinAlaya ke lie kaI gA~voM kI bhUmiyA~ mAghanandi ke ziSya mANikvanandi ko dAna dI thii| 20 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura pahilAe~ ManoRARE

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PRATARI usa samaya rAjA valabADa meM nivAsa kara rahA thaa| vahIM rahate hue usane 115) I. meM apane mAmA sAmanta lakSmaNa kI preraNA para mahalUra meM caudhAre kAmagAvaNDa dvArA nirdhApita jinAlaya ke lie mAdhanandi ke eka anya ziSya AInandi ko kucha bhUmi, eka vArikA tathA eka makAna dAna diyA thaa| moja dvitIya zilAhAra (1175-1215 I.)-vijayAditya kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI bhoja dvitIya isa vaMza kA prAyaH antima nareza thA, kintu bar3A pratApI, udAra aura dharmAtmA thaa| prArambha se hI usane samrAT pada ke viruda dhAraNa kara liye the| dakSiNa meM usa samaya koI anya sAmrAjya-sattA raha hI nahIM gayI thii| apane pUrvajoM kI bhauti bhoja dvitIya bhI jainadharma kA poSaka aura bhakta thA / vizAlakoti-paNDitadeva usakI isI jIvana meM AcArya somadeva ce jainendra-vyAkaraNa kI 'zabdArNavacandrikA' nAmaka prasiddha TIkA guNDarAditya dvArA arjurikA grAma meM nimApita tribhuvanatilaka neminAtha jinAlaya meM ukta vizAlakIti ke sahayoga se racI thii| rAjadhAnI kSullakapura (kolhApura) ko bhI isa sajA ne aneka sundara jinAlayoM se alaMkRta kiyA thaa| san 1212 I. meM siMghaNa yAdava ke hAthoM vaha burI taraha parAjita huA aura antataH zilAhAra rAjya yAdavarAjya meM sammilita ho gyaa| bAcaladevI-teridAla ke zilAhAra rAjA goMkirasa kI mAtA aura vIra mallideva kI dharmAtmA patnI thii| mAdhanandri-siddhAntacakravatI usake guru the aura bhagavAn naminAdha usake iSTadeva the| vaha sItA ke samAna satI aura dharmAtmA rAnI thii| teridAla ke neminAtha-jinAlaya kI sthApanA aura 128 I. meM isakI pratiSThA evaM usake lie diye gaye dAnAdi meM mukhya preraka thii| goMkirasa-terivAla kA zilAhAra rAjA goMkirasa parama jinabhakta thaa| usakI mAtA bAcaladevI, pitA mallamahIpa (mallideva), guru kolhApura kI vapanArAyaNa basadi ke AcArya mAghanandi-siddhAnti aura iSTadeva bhagavAn naminAya the| yaha kolhApura ke apane sagotrIya gaNDarAditya kA mANDalika rAjA thaa| usakA dhvajacihna mayUra-piccha thA tathA iSTadevI evaM kuladevI padAvatI thii| ataeva mayUra-pichacha-dhvaja, padmAvatIdevIlabdhavaraprasAda, jinadharma kolivinoda, jinamatAgaNI, zaurya radhujAta, samara-jayottaMca, garaMgasiMha Adi usake visada the| apanI rAjadhAnI teridAla meM usane eka ati sundara zrI neminAtha-jinAlaya aparanAma goka-jinAlaya nirmANa karAyA thA aura 1123 I. meM bar3e samAroha se usakI pratiSThA kI thI, jinameM cAlukya vikramAditya kA rAjakumAra pemaDideva, raTTarAja kArtavIrya tRtIya, sAmanta nimbarasa Adi kaI par3osI nareza bhI sammilita hue the| ukta jinAlaya ke lie usane svaguru kI prabhUta bhUmi Adi kA dAna prAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka diyA thaa| vaha guNavAn dharmAtmA rAjA jina vratoM ke pAlana meM bhI dRr3ha thaa| pUrva mAsakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza :: 201

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mahAsAmanta nimbadeva-parAditya zilAhAra kA pradhAna sAmanta aura vIra senApati nimbasa yA nimbadeva rAjya kA pramukha stambha thA aura zilAhAra nareza kA dAhinA hAtha bana gayA thaa| zilAlekhoM meM isa bIra kI bar3I prazaMsA pAyI jAtI hai| use vijaya-sundarI-bantamA sAmantaziromaNi, zatrusAmantoM ke saMhAra ke lie pracaNDa pavana, sujana-cintAmaNi, gaNDarAdityamahAyakSa, dakSiNa-mujadaNDa ityAdi kahA gayA hai| rAjA ne usakI sevAoM se prasanna hokara usake nAma se nimbasiragauca nAmaka nagara basAyA thaa| gaNDarAditya ke uttarAdhikArI vijayAditya ke samaya meM bhI vaha apane pada para AsIna rhaa| vijala kalacuri ke sAtha isa zilAhAra nareza kA jo bhISaNa yuddha huA usakA saMcAlana bhI nimbadeva ne hI kiyA thaa| usI yuddha meM isane vIragati pAyI thI, kintu marate-marate bhI apane zaurya evaM yuddha parAkrama se yaha kalacuriyoM ko itanA Atakita kara gayA ki ve maidAna chor3akara bhAga gye| dhIra yoddhA hone ke sAtha-hI-sAtha sAmanta nimbadeva bar3A dharmAtmA thaa| usakI jinabhakti asIma thI, jisake kAraNa samyaktva-ratnAkara, jinacaraNa-sarasIruha madhukara-jaise biruda usane prApta kiye the| kolhApura ke AsapAsa koI basadi yA jinAlaya aisA nahIM thA, jisane usakI udAra dAnazIlatA kA lAbha na uThAyA ho| svayaM rAjadhAnI kolhApura meM suprasiddha mahAlakSmI (padmAvatI) mandira ke nikaTa usane atyanta sundara evaM kalApUrNa naimi-jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| isa mandira ke zikhara kI karNikA para 77 khaDgAsana jina-pratimAe~ utkIrNa haiN| vartamAna meM isa mandira para vaiSNavoM kA adhikAra hai| aura mUla-nAyaka memimAzya kA sthAna viSNumUrti ne le liyA hai| teridAla ke goMki-jinAlaya kI pratiSThA ke avasara para 1123 I. aiM sAmanta nimbadeva bhI upasthita thA aura ukta dharmakArya meM sahayogI thaa| kolhApura kI rUpanArAyaNa-vasadi kA yaha pramukha saMrakSaka thA aura usa saMsthAna ke AcArya vahI kolhApurIya mAdhandi-siddhAntacakravartI usake guru the| zravaNabelagola meM mahAnavamI maNDapa ke 168 I. ke eka stambhalekha meM sAmanta nimbadeva ko 'dAna-zreyAMsa' kahA hai aura use sAmanta kedAranAkarasa evaM sAmanta kAmadeva ke sAtha-sAtha ukta mAdhanandi kA pramukha gRhastha-ziSya batAyA hai| ye donoM sAmanta bhI parama jaina the aura nimbadeya ke sAthI rahe pratIta hote haiN| kolhApura meM prApta 1195 I. ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra mahAsAmanta nimdadevarasa ne kavaDe morana ke santeya-mudgoDe meM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA eka bhanma mandira banavAyA thA aura usake lie sAta anya dharmAtmA zrAvakoM ke sAtha kolhApura ko rUpanArAyaNa basadi ke tatkAlIna AcArya zrutakIrti traividha ko, jo mAghanadI ke ziSya the, sthAnIya rAjakaseM Adi kA dAna diyA thaa| nimzradeya mantrazAstra kA bhI jJAtA thA aura zAsanadeyI padmAvatI kA use hAra thaa| vaha dharmazAstra kA bhI jJAtA thA aura zrAvakoM kI dhAnakala AcaraNa karane ke lie sadaiva prerita evaM protsAhita karatA rahatA thaa| isa yuddhadhIra, karmavIra aura dharmavIra mahAsAmanta nimtradeva ne itanI khyAti arjita kI thI ReadDAIL 202 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~ wang

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ki usake kaI sau varSa bAda kannaI kIva pArvadeva nideva cari bAmaka kAvya racakara usakI yazogAthA gAyI thii| zubhacandra ke ziSya padyanandi ne bhI apanI ekatva-saptati' meM use sAmanta-cUr3AmaNi kahA hai| senApati boppaNa-zilAhAra vijayAditya kA jaina senApati thA, jisake viSaya meM kidArapura-zilAlekha meM likhA hai ki vaha rAjA vijayAditya ke lie vaisA hI thA jaisA hari ke lie garur3a, rAma ke lie mAruti (hanumAn) aura kAmadeva ke lie basanta / yuddhabhUmi meM zatruoM kA saMhAra karane meM vaha advitIya thaa| sajA ke lie eka vizAla jina mandira ke nirmANa karAne kA kArya usane apane hAtha meM liyA thA, kintu usake pUrA hone ke pUrva hI boppaNa kI mRtyu ho gyii| mantrI lakSmIdeva yA lakSmIdhara vijayAditya zilAhAra kA pramukha jaina mantrI thaa| vaha pArvatIya durga kilekala ke durgapati govardhana kA putra aura ucca padAdhikArI mopaya kA jAmAtA thaa| rAjyapravandha meM kuzala aura yuddhabhUmi meM nipuNa sainyasaMcAlaka lakSmIzva sAhityarasika aura dharmAtmA bhI thA / vaha 'samyaktva-bhaNDAra' kahalAtA thA aura naimidhandra muni kA gRhastha-ziSya thA tathA kannar3a 'neminAthapurANa' ke kA jainakavi kApArya kA AzrayadAtA thaa| sAmanta kAlana-vijayAditya zilAhAra kA eka vidvAna, zAstrajJa, kalAmarmajJa, dharmAtmA jaina sAmanta evaM vIra senApati thA / jaba senApati kAlana apanI patnI, baccoM aura mitroM ke sAtha sukhapUrvaka raha rahA thA to ekadA usane vicAra kiyA ki isa loka aura paraloka ke paramArtha sAdhana kA ekamAtra upAya dharma hI to hai| ataeva usane 1165 I. meM santInagara meM namIzvara-basadi nAma kA vizAla evaM kalApUrNa eka linAlaya banavAyA thA, jisakA uttuMga gopura kalApUrNa prastarAMkanoM evaM maNi-khacita kalazoM se yukta thA 1 usake lie svaguru bApanIyasaMgha-punnAgavRkSamUlagaNa ke muni kumArakIrti ke ziSya mahAmaNDalAcArya vijayakIrti ko usane prabhUta dAna diyA thaa| isa sundara jinAlaya kI khyAti sunakara raTTarAja kAtavIrya caturtha usake darzanArtha AyA thA aura prasanna hokara usake lie ukta guru ko dAna bhI de gayA thA 1 dharmAtmA kAlana sAmanta dvArA sthApita isa vasadi meM nitya devapUjA, muniyoM evaM dharmAtmAjanoM ke AvAsa tathA cAroM dAnoM kI niyamita vyavasthA thii| sAmanta kAlana saptabhaMgI nyAya kA vettA thA aura paMca-mahA-kalyANaka, aSTamahAprAtihArya tathA cauMtIsa atizaya sampanna jinendradeva kA parama bhakta evaM ArAdhaka thaa| zrAvaka dhAsudeva brAhmagajAtIya dhamAtmA zrAvaka thA jo vijayAditya zilAhAra ke eka sAmanta kAmadeva kA Azrita thaa| kSullakapura-zrIrUpanArAyaNa-jinAlayAcArya mAdhanandi-siddhAntacakravartI kA yaha priya chAtra (vidyA-ziSya) aura gRhastha-ziSya (zrAvaka) thaa| zAntarasa-pradhAna jinadeva hI usake iSTadeva the| usane 1148 I. meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA eka sundara jinAlaya banavAkara usakI pratiSThA karAyI thI aura pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta baMza :: 20%

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isakI aSTavidha-arcA, khaNDa sphuTita jINoddhAra evaM muni AhAra-dAna ke hetu rAjA vijayAditya se apane svAmI sAmanta kAmadeva kI sahamatipUrvaka kaI grAmoM kI bhUmi svaguru ke ziSya mANikyanandi-paNDitadeva kI pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka dAna karAyI thI / lekha meM dharmAtmA vAsudeva ko sakala-guNaratnapAtra, jinapAdapadmabhaMga, viprakula-samattuMga-raMga kahA gayA hai| caughaure kAmagAvuNDa-zilAhAra vijayAditya ke mAtula lakSmaNa sAmanta ke adhIna paDalUra kA grAma-pramukha evaM zAsaka thaa| vaha samAgamayya aura caMdhace kA putra, punnakabbA kA pati tathA jentagAkuNDa aura hemagAvuNTha kA pitA thaa| usane 1150 I. meM maDalUra meM pArzvanAtha jinAlaya banavAkara usakI pratiSThA karAyI thI aura lakSmaNa sAmanta ke nivedana para rAjA ne ukta jinAlaya ke lie kucha bhUmi, eka puSpayATikA tathA eka makAna kA dAna AcArya mAdhanandi ke eka anya ziSya arhanandi-siddhAnta cakravartI ko pAdaprakSAlanapUrvaka samarpita kiyA thaa| mahAmAtya bAhubali-bhojarAja dvitIya zilAhAra ke mahApradhAna evaM mantrIza ghe| inheM paMcAMgamantra-bRhaspati bhojarAja ke rAjya ke samuddharama meM samartha, bAhubalayukta, dAnAdi-guNotkRSTa Adi kahA gayA hai| unakI preraNA se AcArya mAdhavacandra-vidha ne kSullakapura meM 1205 I. meM ApaNAsAra' sUnya ranakara pUrNa girA / * gaMgadhArA ke cAlukya prAcIna cAlukyavaMza kI eka zAkhA puligere (lakSmezvara) pradeza para rASTrakUTI ke sAmantoM ke kAra meM lagabhaga 800 I. se zAsana karatI A rahI thii| lakSmezvara eka prAcIna jaina tIrtha thA aura vizeSakara bhaTTAkalaMkadeva kI paramparA ke devasaMdhI muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM kA kendra rahatA AyA thaa| dasavIM zatAbdI meM isa vaMza kI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM gaMgadhArA kA nAma milatA hai jo sambhavatayA puligere kA hI aparanAma yA upanagara thaa| isa vaMza kA prathama rAjA yuddhamala prathama sambhavatayA bAtApI ke antima cAlukya kIrtivarmana dvitIya kA hI nikaTa vaMzaja thaa| usake uparAnta arikesarI prathama, mArasiMha prathama, yuddhamalla dvitIya, bahiga prathama, mArasiMha dvitIya aura arikesarI dvitIya kramazaH rAjA hue| arikesarI dvitIya kannar3I bhASA ke sarva mahAn kavi Adipaka 141 I.) kA, jo jaina the, AzrayadAtA thaa| usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI cabiga dvitIya ke samaya meM devasaMgha ke AcArya somadeva ne usI kI rAjadhAnI gaMgadhAsa meM nivAsa karate hue, 959 I. meM apane suprasiddha yazastilaka-campU kI racanA kI thii| nItivAkyAmRta nAmaka rAjanItizAstra kI racanA vaha usake kucha pUrva hI kara cuke the| yA rAjA ina AcArya kI bar3I vinaya karatA thaa| aura unakI preraNA para usane apane rAjadhAnI leMbUpATaka meM zubhayAna-jinAlaya nAmaka mandira banavAyA thaa| usake putra evaM utarAdhikArI arikesarI tRtIya ne 918 I. meM unhIM somadevAcArya ko usI jinAlaya AM :: pramukha aitihAsika jaipa puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ke lie grAmadAna diyA thaa| sambhavatayA isI nareza ke samaya 956 I. meM gaMganareza mArasiMha ne puligerI kI prAcIna zaMkhatIrtha-vamatimaNDala meM gaMgakandarpa-jinAlaya banAvAkara ukta tIrtha ke paragyarAbArya devagaNa ke devendra bhaTTAraka ke praziSya aura ekadeva ke ziSya jayadeva pazilata ko bhUmidAna diyA thaa| ye sabaM akalaMkadeva ke paramparAziSya the| arikesarI hatIya ke pazcAta isa vaMza kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| isa vaMza meM prArambha se anna taka jainadharma kI pravRtti thii| nAgarakhaNDa ke kadamba rAje inakA varNana kalyANI ke ghAlukyoM aura kalacuriyoM ke antargata A cukA hai, jinake ve sAmanta the| isa vaMza meM harikesarIdeca, kIrtideva, rAnI mAlaladevI, sokdeiva, dopadeva Adi prasiddha jinabhakta hue haiN| koMgAlva rAje kaugAmyavaMzI sAmanta rAje ktamAna karNATaka rAjya ke kurga aura zAsana jiloM ke athavA kAverI aura hemavatI nAmaka nadiyoM ke madhya, sthita koMgalanADa 8000 prAnta ke zAsaka the| mUlataH ye prAdhIna reyUra (vicanApallI) ke cola narezoM kI santati meM utpanna hue the aura apane lie uraiyUra-puravarAdhIzvara, sUryavaMza-zikhAmaNi, mAyAlakuloiyAya nabhastimAlI se virudra prayukta karate the| san 900 I. ke lAgabhaga gaMga-rAjakumAra eyarappa ne isa vaMza ke prathama jJAta vyakti ko isa pradeza meM apanA sAmanta niyukta kiyA thA, kintu kaugAtvoM kA vAstavika abhyudaya taba se haA jaba 1004 I. meM samrATa rAjarAjA cola ne isa vaMza ke paMcava-mahAsaya ko usakI sevAoM se prasanna hokara kSetriya-zikhAmaNi koMgAlva biruda diyA, mAlabdhi pradeza diyA aura apanA pramukha sAmanta banAyA thaa| usakA uttarAdhikArI bardiyakogAlva thaa| taduparAnta rAjendracola-pRthvImahArAja huA, jisakI jJAta tithi 1022 I, hai| usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI rAjendracola kA~gAlya thaa| rAjendracola koMgAlva-ita rAjA kI prathama jJAta tithi 1026 I. hai aura usane lagabhaga 1050 I. taka rAjya kiyA pratIta hotA hai| yaha rAjA parama jaina thA aura usake guru nandisaMgha-dravilagaNa-aruMgalAnvaya ke guNasena paziisadeva the| isa rAjA ne mullUra meM eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| usakI rAnI pA~cabdarasi bhI bar3I dharmAtmA thI tathA putra rAjendra koMgAlva bhI parama jaina thaa| isI rAjA ke samaya meM 1050 I. ke lagabhaga, usake eka saradAra maduvaMgavAda ke svAmI aura kiridi ke sAmanta ayya ne bAraha dina ke samlekhanAvrata pUrvaka caMgAraca basadi meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA jahA~ usake putrau bAki aura buki ne usakA smAraka banavAyA thaa| prAyaH usI samaya usI sthAna meM biliyaseTTei nAmaka dhanI vyApArI ne bhI gurucaraNoM meM pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAnya evaM sAmanta aMza :: 9415

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samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA ! prAyaH usI varSa mullUra meM sajaguru muNasena paNDita ne nagara ke vyApAriyoM se eka mAgavApI (bAvar3I) nirmANa karAyI thii| rAnI pocabarasi-rAjendra cola koMgAlba kI dharmapallI aura rAjendra koMbArada kI jananI rAnI pocaJcarasi bar3I dharmAtmA aura jinabhakta thii| vaha mullUra ke pUrvokta dravilasaMdhI guNasena paNidatta kI gRhastha-ziSyA thii| isa rAnI ne 1058 I. ke lagabhaga pArzvanAtha-basahi nAmaka bhavya-jinAlaya banavAyA thA aura svaguru guNasena paNDita kI eka mUrti bhI banavAkara sthApita kI thii| rAjendra koMgAlva-rAjendracola koMgAlva aura rAnI pocabbarasikA supatra yaha rAjA bar3A pratApI aura dharmAtmA thaa| usane rAjadhAnI mugalUra meM apane pitA dvArA nirmApita jinAlaya ke lie svaguru guNasena paNDisadeva ko 1058 I. meM kaI grAmoM meM bhUmiyA~ pradAna kI dhIM / usakI mAtA ke bhI adhikAMza dharmakArya usI ke zAsanakAla aiM usakI sahamati aura sahayoga se niSpanna hue the| rAjA ne stramuru muNasena paNDita ke rahane ke lie bhI 106t) I, ke lagabhaga upayukta sthAna multura meM banavAyA thaa| utI kAla ke eka abhilekha meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha gurudeva itane prasiddha the ki unake guNoM kA varNana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| mullUra meM hI 1064 I. meM guNasena paNDita ne, jo parama-AIntyAdi ratnanaya-sakala-mahAzAstrAmamAdi-sthira-SaT-tarka-pravINa vratapati the aura puSpasena bratondra ke ziSya the, mokSalakSmI kA nikAsa prApta kiyA arthAt samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| apanI mAtA ke svargastha ho jAne para usakI puNyasmRti meM bhI isa rAjA ne eka jinAlaya banavAyA thA aura usake lie dAna diye the| lagabhaga 30 varSa bAda, 1331 I. meM kisI dharmAtmA rAnI sudhaNIdevI ne ukta mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| rAjendra koMgAlva ne apane svAmI cola samrATU kI ora se prArambhika hoyasaloM se jamakara lohA liyA thaa| usane lagabhaga 1066 I. taka zAsana kiyaa| aba koMpAtya rAje mahAmaNDalezvara kahalAne lage the| rAjendra pRthvIkoMgAlda-aTarAditya (1066-1100 I.)-rAjendra kA~gAlda kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI bhI bar3A pratApI aura dharmAtmA nareza thaa| usakI dharmAtmA rAnI ne 1070 I. ke lagabhaga, sambhavatayA svaguru kI smRti meM, smAraka banavAyA thaa| svayaM rAjA ne 1079 I. meM kauMgAlva-jainagRha aparanAma aTarAditya caityAlaya nAma kA bhavya jaina-mandira banavAyA thaa| aura usakI pUjAdi ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| yaha sajA mUlasaMgha-kAraNa-tagarilagaccha ke AcArya paddhavimukta siddhAntadeva kA gRhastha-ziSya thaa| svaguru ke lie bhI usane eka basadi nirmANa karAyI thii| dAna bhI inhIM guru ko diye gaye the| yaha rAjA prabhAcandra-siddhAnti kI bhI bar3I vinaya karatA thaa| usakA yaha dAnazAsana cAra bhASAoM ke jhAtA usake sandhi-vigrahika mantrI nakulArya ne likhA thaa| lekha meM isa mahAmaNDalezvara arAditya ko vIrAgraNI, mugNAmbhojarAzi, vijetA, sadbhakta, saddhI ityAdi kahA hai| usake eka sAmanta nallarasa ne 1080 I. ke 20ki :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura pAhelAe~

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lagabhaga arakere meM svaguru kalAcandra ke ziSya-pramalacandra bhaTTAraka ke lie eka basadi banavAkara rAjA kI anumati-pUrvaka dAna diyA thaa| isa rAjA kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI tribhuvanamalla cola kogAnca-aTarAditya thA, jisake pAdArAdhaka rAvaseTTi ke pautra lAmanta ghUdhaya nAyaka ne 1100 I. ke lagabhaga payanandideva ko bhUmi kA dAna diyA thaa| tadanantara koMgAlyarAja duddhamallarasa ne jo sambhava hai ki ukta tribhuvanamalla kA sambandhI, bhAI Adi yA sagotrI mahAsAmanta ho, prabhAcandradeva ko eka battadi ke nirmANa aura jINoddhAra Adi ke lie eka grAma pradAna kiyA thaa| tribhuvanamalla-cAla kogAlva kA uttarAdhikArI sambhavatayA vIra koMgAlvadeva thA, jo dezIgaNa-pustakagaccha ke medhacandra vidhA ke ziSya prabhAcandrasiddhAntavamayI kA gRhastha-ziSya thaa| usane satyavAkya jinAlaya banavAkara usake lie svaguru ko grAmadAna diyA thaa| dhaMgAlvaMza isa vaMza ke rAje prArambha meM caMganADa (maisUra rAjya kA hanasUra tAlukA) ke zAsaka the| bAda meM maisUra evaM kurga jiloM meM bhI inake adhikAra kA vistAra huaa| ye svayaM ko yAdavavaMzI kSatriya kahate the aura prArambha meM coloM ke, tadanantara hoyasaloM ke sAmanta hue| gyArahavoM se lagabhaga pandrahavIM zatI taka isa vaMza kA astitva rhaa| isake adhikAMza rAje zaivamatAnuyAyI the, kintu katipaya parama jaina bhI the| rAjendracola-nanni caMgAlva-isa vaMza kA sarvaprasiddha jaina nareza thaa| isa vIragajendra nanni caMgAvadeva naM 1060 I. ke lagabhaga cikkahanasAga meM dezIgaNa-pustaka-gaccha kI eka basadi nirmANa karAyI thii| usI sthala meM prAcIna kAla meM dAzarathI rAma ne jo jinAlaya mUlataH banavAyA thA aura usake lie bhUmi samarpita kI thI, kAlAntara meM gaMganareza mArasiMha ne vaisA hI kiyA thaa| isa caMgAlva nareza ne usa basadi ko phira se banavAyA aura usake lie ukta bhUmi punaH samarpita kI thii| isa, rAjA ne anya aneka jinAlaya banavAye the| hanasoge kI jina-basadi ke navaraMga-maNDapa ke dvAra para utkIrNa lAbhaga 1080 I. ke lekha se prakaTa hai ki isa prasiddha caMgArava-tIrtha kI AdIzvara-basadi Adi samasta jinAlayoM para dezogAya-pustakagaccha-koNDakundAsthaya ke divAkaranandi siddhAntacakravartI ke jyeSTha guru dAmanandi bhaTTAraka kA adhikAra thaa| unake pazcAta una tathA anya AsapAsa kI basadiyoM para ukta guru ke ziSya-praziSyoM kA adhikAra rhaa| prAyaH usI kAla ke usI nagara kI zAntIzvara-basadi ke dvAra para utkIrNa lekha ke anusAra mUlattaH bhagavAna rAma dvArA pradatta dAna evaM prasAdiyoM kA saMrakSaNa isa kAla meM panasAMge (hanasoge) ke dezImaNa-holagegaccha pustakAnvaya ke munisamudAya ke hAtha meM thaa| inhIM meM parama tejasvI jayakIrti muni the jo aneka upavAsa aura cAndrAyaNa vrata karane ke lie vikhyAla the| isa tIrya para bhagavAna rAma pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke upag2ajya evaM sAmanta vaMza :: 2477

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kA pratikSita 1 gumaTiyAM kI jA rahI thiiN| inhIM meM sava: 'prasiddha jinAlaya candatAlasadi thA. jitake li? pUtakAla magarakoM meM pAna diyA thA aura aba sa58sAmanamAyA nayA pike mins 11 sA thaa| Int mabhana ko samAna .. hai| isakA bAra 1. 11 it Perly .. para utkIrNa haiM, 'gAva nareza dvArA ukta basadiyoM ke lie puratana nAnI kI puSTi evaM navIna bhUmidAna kA vivaraNa mAsa tI timAhIna sAhAya jayakosa aparanAndrAdhApIreMca ko gurUparampaga bhI dI hai| yaha dAmananda bhaTTAraka ke saMghamA candrakIti ke prazipya aura divAkaranandi ke ziSya the| 1001 I. ke eka zilAlekha ke anasAra gaMgAsa mariyapagaDe pilduvaSya ne pidavi Izvaradeva nAmaka mandira banavAkara usameM aniyoM ke AdhArahAna ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| yaha rAjA aura isake dvArA nirmApita ukta mandira jaina the, ainA vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ! aisA jAgalA hai ki yaha vyakti upayaMkA nalisaMgAlva kA anuja azadhA koI nikaTa sambandhI thaa| / alupavaMza alupa yA anudhavaMzI sAmanta rAnAvanA ke zAsaka the / inakA udaya 10vIM zanI meM huA, kintu yaha pradeza usake bahuta pUrva se hI jainadharma kA gada rahatA AyA thaa| puddhiI , gesasANe, bhaTTakala, kArkala, viliMga. soda, zvAse, hAilila, honnAvara Adi usake prAyaH saba hI prasiddha nagara jainadharma ke kendra thA aura prAyaH pure madhyakAla meM bhI bane rhe| javAna alupendra (1154-55 I.) isa vaMza kA prasiddha rAjA thaa| usake uttarAdhikArI ke samaya meM rAjakumAra kumArarAya + 1161 I. meM jaina kendra kaireyAse meM eka jinAlaya ke banavAne meM sahayoga diyA thaa| kulazekhara-alupendra prathama (11761 24940 Ike samaya meM tuladeza meM jainadharma ko rAjakIya prazya prApta thaa| isa rAjA ne mAladhArideva, mAdhavacandra, abhAcandra Adi tatkAlIna jaina guruoM kA sammAna kiyA thaa| pANDyadeva-anupendra ne 1246 I. meM nagnUra kI bena basaddhi ke lie dAna diyA thaa| kulazekhara alupandra tRtIya (lagabhaga 1384 I.) bar3A vaibhavazAlI rAjA zA, lasiMhAsana para baiThatA yA aura mukTriI ke pAzvanAthadaMva kA parama bhakta thaa| baMgavADi kA baMgavaMza talavadeza ke eka bhAga kA nAma baMgavAha thaa| isake saMsthApaka baMgarAne somavaMzI kSatriya the aura prAcIna kadAmboM kI eka zAkhA meM se the| gaMgavADi ke gaMgayoM ke anukaraNa para unhoMne svayaM ko zaMga aura apane guJca ko baMgavADi nAma diyA lagatA hai| yaha yaMza prArambha se anta paryanta, gaMgoM kI hI bhA~ti jainadharma kA anuyAyI rhaa| 219 :: pramukha tihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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ye rAje kramazaH saSTrakUToM, cAlukyoM aura hoyasAloM ke sAmanta rhe| isa vaMza ke candrazekharavaMga prathama ko 1140 I. ke lagabhaga viSNuvardhana hoyasala ne parAjita karake yuddha meM mAra DAlA thA aura usake rAjya ko hastagata kara liyA thaa| parantu baMgarAja ke svAmibhakta purohita, mantrI Adi ne usake bAlakapatra vIranarasiMha ko malenAha meM chipAkara rakhA hoyasala narasiMha dharma ke samaya meM jaba bAlaka vayaska huA to usane apanA rAjya punaH prApta kara liyA aura 1157 se 1208 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| tadanantara usake jyeSTha putra candrazekharazcaMga dvitIya ne 1208 se 1225 I. taka, dvitIya putra pANDyappa-baMga ne 1225 se 1299 I. taka aura putrI biTTalAdevI ne 1246 se 1244 I. taka rAjya kiyaa| rAnI viThThalAdevI aura kAmirAya vIra narasiMha baMganarendra rAjapatrI mahArAnI bihulAdevI bar3I viduSI, dharmAtmA aura suyogya zAsikA thii| apane lagabhaga 4 varSa ke zAsanakAla meM usane rAjya kI acchI abhivRddhi kI aura apane putra kAmisaba ko samucita zikSA-dIkSA dii| usake bayaska ho jAne para rAjyakArya use 'sauMpa diyA aura svayaM usase virAma lekara apanA samaya dharmadhyAna meM vyatIta kiyA / usakA priya patra evaM uttarAdhikArI kAmisaya vIranarasiMha baMganarendra vidyArasika, uccazikSita yuvaka evaM kuzala prazAsaka thaa| usake vidhAyuru, rAjaguru evaM dharmaguru AcArya ajitasena the| unhoMne apane isa priya ziSya ke lie mAramaMjarI aura alaMkAra-cintAmaNi nAmaka saMskRta granthoM kI racanA kI thI aura vijayavANI ne usI ke lie zrRMgArANava-candrikA ko rachanA kI thii| isa rAjA ne 1245 se 1275 I. ke lagabhaga taka rAjya kiyaa| vaha rAya, rAyabhUpa, jainabhUpa aura mAtra kAmirAya bhI kahalAtA thaa| use gappApAMca aura rAjendrapUjita bhI kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra usakI mAtA bhI zIlavibhUSaNa viThThalAmbA yA ciTThalapahAdevI apane guNoM ke lie sarvatra vikhyAta thii| vAraMgala ke kakAtIya nareza 1vIM zatAbdI I. ke madhya ke lagabhaga tailaMgAne meM pakAtIya vaMza kA udaya huaa| yAraMgala usakI rAjadhAnI thii| zIghra hI yaha acchA svatantra rAjya ho gayA thA aura [vIM zatI meM apane carama utkarSa para thaa| vAraMgala aparanAma ekaulapura pahale se hI jainadharma kA kendra rahA thaa| isa pradeza meM jilA vizAkhApaTTanama jainoM kA gar3ha ghA aura usI jile meM rAmatIrtha kA jaina saMsthAna dUra-dUra taka prasiddha thaa| isI jile ke bhogapura nagara meM pUrvI gaMganareza anantavarmana ke Azraya meM rAjya zreSTha kAma-nAyaka ne rAja-rAja-jinAlaya nAma kI basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thA tathA 1187 I. meM usI seTha ke netRtva meM usa jile ke pramukha vyApAriyoM ne ukta mandira ke lie prabhUta dAna diyA thaa| anantapura jile ke lADapatrInagara ke nivAsI somadeva aura kaMcalAdevI ke dharmAtmA putra udayAditya ne 1198 I. meM jainamandira banavAkara usake lie svaguruoM pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza :: HAR

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ATI ko dAna diisI kAna meM bAlamasiddha pArzvanAthabasadi vidyamAna thI, jisake adhyakSa usa samaya jinabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka the| belArI jile meM to kaI jainna kendra the, jinameM koli pramukha thaa| usakI sema-pArzva-basadi ko kalyANI ke cAlukyoM evaM hoyasaloM kA bhI saMrakSaNa prApta thaa| sImi, koTTara Adi anya jainakendra the| isa kAla meM vAraMgala meM rudradeva prathama kakAtIya kA zAsana thaa| usakA uttarAdhikArI gaNapatideva (1199-1210 I.) isa vaMza kA prasiddha aura zaktizAlI nareza thA, kintu usI ke samaya se usa pradeza meM jainadharma kI avamati bhI prArambha huI / antima rAjA rudradeva dvitIya (129]-1321 I.) thA, jise parAjita karake muhammada tug2aluka ne isa hindU rAjya ko samApta kara diyaa| isI rAjA ke samaya meM jaina kavi, avyapArya ne kannar3IkAvya 'jinendra kalyANAbhyudaya kI racanA kI thii| devagiri ke yAdava nareza isa vaMza kA saMsthApaka surAna prathama thA jo pIM zatAbdI meM rASTrakaTa samrATa amoghavarSa prathama ke adhIna eka choTA-sA sAmanta thA aura suena deza kA jAgIradAra thaa| isI kAraNa yaha suena-vaMza bhI kahalAtA hai| isa vaMza kA bhillama dvitIya kalyANI ke cAlukyavaMza ke saMsthApaka sailapa dvitIya kA sahAyaka thaa| usakI chaThI pIr3hI meM suemacandra tRtIya (1142 I.) jainadharma kA viziSTa poSaka thaa| usakA baMzaja bhillama paMthama (1187-91 I.) devagiri ke yAdavarAjya kA vAstavika saMsthApaka thaa| vaha aura usake uttarAdhikArI hoyasaloM ke prabala pratidvandI the| hoyasala sajya kI mA~ti hI 14voM zatI ke prArambha meM musalamAnoM meM devagiri ke yAdavayaMza evaM rAjya kA bhI anta kara diyA thaa| isa vaMza ke rAje prAyaH jaina nahIM the, kintu jainadharma ke prati asahiSNu bhI nahIM the| inake rAjya meM jainadharma jIvita rhaa| kama-se-kama eka prasiddha jaina vIra kucirAja devagiri ke yAdava rAjya kI dena hai| suena tRtIya yA seuNacandra tRtIya isa vaMza kA 13vA~ rAjA thaa| usane // 42 I. meM aMjanerI ke candraprabha-jinAlaya ke lie nagara kI taula dukAneM dAna kI thiiN| usI avasara para nagara ke sAhu vatsarAja, sAhu lAhaDa aura sAhu dazaratha nAmaka tIna dhanI vyApAriyoM ne bhI eka dukAna evaM eka makAna isake lie samarpita kara diyA thaa| yaha dAna zAsana kAlezvara paNDita ke putra divAkara paNDita meM liyA thaa| sAmanta kadhirAja-devagiri ke yAdavanareza kannaradeva aparanAma kRSNa (1247-50 I.), usake anuja mahAdevarAya (1260-7t) I.) aura putra rAmadeya aparanAma rAmacandrarAya (1270-1309 I.) kA jaina sAmanta RSirAja yA kUcadaNDeza yAdaba rAjAoM kI ora se pANDyadezAntargata betUrapradeza kA zAsaka thaa| vaha atyanta zUravIra, saMnyasaMcAlana-nipuNa aura kuzala prazAsaka hone ke sAtha-hI-sAtha bar3A dhArmika thaa| usake pitA kA nAma siMhadeva aura mAtA kA mallAmbikA thaa| atyanta rUpavAna, campaka-varNa-gAtra, / 210 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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zIlavAna, vividhakalA-pravINa, muNavamarI lakSmIdevI usakI dharmapallI thI, aura bar3A bhAI vidvajjanabandhu, atiyoM kA Adara karanevAlA, mantrI zreSTha caTTarAja thA tathA suputra pratApI, zUravIra, yazasvI aura dAnI bogadeva thaa| mantrI maharAja aura senApati kRcirAja ina donoM bhAiyoM kI jor3I bharata aura bAhubali tathA rAma aura lakSmaNa ke samAna samajhI jAtI thii| bhagavat vIrasena, jinasena aura guNabhadra kI ziSya santati meM utpanna mUlasaMgha-senagara pogarigaccha ke muni mahAsena ke ziSya papAsena gatinAtha kA yaha parivAra gRhastha-ziSya thaa| vizeSakara kUcirAja ko ukta yogIzvara kA pAda-padya-ArAdhaka aura usake putra boNadeva ko pAda-yuga-bhakta kahA hai| jaba kRcirAja kI priya patnI dharmAtmA laSamIdevI kA svargavAsa ho gayA to svaguru padmasena bhaTTAraka ke upadeza se usane usakI smRti meM lakSmI-jinAlaya mAma kA bhavya mandira nirmANa karAkara usameM mUlanAyaka ke rUpa meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI aura 1171 I. meM usa jinAlaya ke lie eka grAma svaguru ko pAdaprakSAlana-pUrvaka samarpita kiyaa| vaha grAma usane pUrva nareza mahAdevarAya se prApta kiyA thA aura tatkAlIna nareza rAmadevarAya kI sahamati se use dAna kiyA thaa| usI avasara para usako preraNA se mAci ke putra hariyagaur3a, mAka ke putra yogagaur3a aura soma ke putra samagauDa nAmaka ukta maNDala ke pramukhoM aura seTiyoM ne bhI supArI kA eka udhAna, eka dukAna tathA anya dAna diyA thaa| lekha meM likhA hai ki rAmadeva bhUparatva kA pAdapopajIbI yaha sAmanta kRcirAja daNza sthira-dhuNya, uttampayaza prApta sAhitya-satyAzraya thA aura paramma rAjaguru zrImajjina-maTTArakadeva kI prabhAvanA meM sattala prayatnazIla rahatA thaa| daNDeza mAdhava aparanAma mADimoDa rAjA rAmacandrarAya kA eka senApati thA, bhaTTAraka mAdhavacandra kA gRhastha-ziSya thA aura mahAdevaNNa tathA rAmA kA putra thaa| isa daNDanAyaka nAlaprabhu mADigauDa ne eka bimAlaya banavAyA aura samasta sAMsArika bandhanoM kA parityAga karake 1292 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| ziriyamagauddhi-yAdava rAmadeva ke maNDalezvara koTinAyaka kA nAlaprabhu ziriyamagauDa samacandra maladhArI kA ziSya aura kallagaur3a kA putra thaa| usane 1296 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| usakI bhAryA ziriyamagauDi ne 1299 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| vaha bar3I guNavAn, zIlavatI, udAra aura dharmAtmA thii| aneka jinAlayoM kAH gorNoddhAra karAyA thaa| samyaktva-ratnAkara, dAnavinoda, jinagandhodaka-pavitrIkRtottamAMga Adi usake viruda the| niDugalavaMzI rAje 12vIM-12vIM zatAbdI meM isa vaMza kA rAjya maisUra pradeza ke uttarI bhAga ke eka hisse para thaa| ye rAje apane Apako cola mahArAja, mArtaNDa-kulabhUSaNa aura uraiyUra pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta vaMza : 211

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389SEises puravarAdhozvara kahate the| isa vaMza kA tIsarA rAjA mAMganRpa thaa| usakA putra abbinRpa thA, jisakA putra govindara huaa| govindara kA putra isaMgola prathama gupacandra ke ziSya nayakIrti siddhAntacakravatI kA gRhastha-ziSya {1177 I.) thaa| usakA putra bhoganRpa huaa| bhoganapa kA ghutra babhanapa thA, jisakI bhadra lakSaNAMvAlI rAnI bAvaladevI kaliyarma kI putrI thii| ina donoM kA putra iruMgola dvitIya thaa| isa rAjA ne 1232 I. meM apane Azrita gaMgeyana-mAreya ke nivedana para usake dvArA nimApita jinAlaya ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| yahI rAjA athavA isakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI irumoladeva-cola-mahArAja thA, jisane 1278 I. meM malliseSTi dvArA nimApita jinAlaya ke lie prabhUta dAna diyA thaa| ve rAje nigalaMka-malla, paranArI-sahodara, zaraNAgatavajrapaMjara, mahAmaNDalezvara Adi virudadhArI the| unake pahAr3I durga evaM pradhAna gar3ha kA nAma kAlAjana thaa| usakI coTiyA~ bahuta U~cI thI, jise dekhakara loka meM usakA nAma niDugala prasiddha huaa| isa vaza meM sAmAnyatayA jainadharma kI pravRtti thI aura kaI rAje to parama jaina the, yathA irugola prathama, jise 1149 meM viSNavardhana hoyasala ne eka yuddha meM parAjita kiyA thA aura jisake dharmaguru dezIgaNa-pustakagaccha ke nayakIrti-siddhAntideva the, aura uparyukta isaMgola dvitIya evaM lalIya! gaMgeyana-mAreya aura bAthaleniGgalavaMzI rAjA igola dvitIya ke pAvadhopajIvI gaMgeyanAyaka kI patnI thAmA se utpanna putra gaMmeyana-mAreya bar3A dharmAtmA sambhrAnta zrAvaka thaa| usane nemipaNDita se zrAvaka ke prata liye the aura koNDakundrAnvaya-pustakagaccha-vANaya-baliya ke vIranandi siddhAntacakrAvatI ke ziSya vizvavizruta padmaprabhamaladhArideva kI caraNasevA karake usane apane manobhilaSita artha kI prApti kI thii| usakI bhAryA bAcale bhI bar3I dharmAtmA thii| isa dampatI me nigala parvata ke Upara, badaratAla ke dakSiNa meM eka zilA ke agrabhAga para pAjina-basadi kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jise jogavaTTige-yasadi bhI kahate the| isa jinAlaya meM bhagavAn kI nityapUjA, mahAbhiSeka aura catarvedhadAna ke lie gaMgathana-mAreya ko palI sAcale kI prArthanA para mahArAja irugola dvitIya ne 1282 I. meM dhArApUrvaka kucha bhUmitroM kA dAna diyA thaa| gaMgathana-mAreyana-halli nAmaka grAma ke kisAnoM ne bhI akharoTa, zAna Adi kA aura liyoM ne tela kA dAna diyA thaa| ___ malliseSTi-saMgaya kA pautra aura ghommiseTTi kA putra thaa| usakI jananI kA nAma melambe thaa| yaha mUlasaMdha-dezIgaNA-pustakagaccha-iMgalezvarabali ke AcArya tribhuvanakIrti-rAvula ke pradhAna ziSya bAlendumaladhArideva kA priya gRhastha ziSya thaa| usane svasthAna tailaMgare ke jogamaTTige muhalle meM brahmajinAlaya nirmANa karAke usameM prasanna-pAnadeva kI pratiSA kI ghI aura 1278 I. meM jaba irugoladeva-colamahArAja apane pRthvI-niDagala ke prAsAda meM sukhapUrvaka raha rahe the, unakI sahamati-pUrvaka ukta jinAlaya ke lie supArI ke 20 vRkSoM kI phasala ke do bhAga {do yA isa pratizata / 219: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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sadaiva ke lie svaguru ko samarpita karA diye the| zrI sayanagiri aura bAlendu-maladhAri ke priya ziSya ghAlAyaka aura mauhannale ke apollApalle ko isa dAna kI vyavasthA kA bhAra sauMpA gayA thaa| anya viziSTa jana bhUpAla gollAcArya ----gollAdeza ke nUtanacandila-vaMzI rAjA, jinakA nAma sambhavatayA bhUpAla thA, kisI kAraNa ko pAkara saMsAra se virakta ho gaye aura jaina muni bane the tathA mollAcArya ke nAma se prasiddha hue the| gRhastha avasthA meM rahate hI vaha parama jinabhakta the aura 11vIM zatI I. ke prArambha ke lagabhaga unhoMne suprasiddha bhUpAla-caturvizati-stotra kI racanA kI thI, jisakI gaNanA bhaktAmara, kalyANamandira Adi paMcastotroM meM kI jAtI hai| koSamukundajhankya mUlasaMgha-dezIgaNa-pustakagaccha ke mahendrakIrti ke ziSya vIranandi unake dIkSA guru the aura unake uparAnta yahI unake paTTadhara hue| gollAcArya ke ziSya traikAlyayogI the, jinake praziSya sakalacandra ke paTTadhara meyacandra vidya ne 1115 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| tadviSabaka zilAlekhoM meM unhoMne 'gollAcArya iti prasiddhamunipo'bhUgosladezAdhipaH', bhUpAla-mauli-dhumaNi, vidalitAGghri aja-lakSmIvilAsa, zuddharatnatrayAtmA, siddhAtmAdhartha-sArtha-prakaTana-paTu, siddhAnta-zAstrAbdhi-dhIci Adi kahA gayA hai| pArzvadeva mantrIza nemadaNdeza ke putra the aura unakI patnI muharasi gaMgavaMza meM utpanna huI thI 1 kambadahalli prAcIna aura prasiddha jaina kendra thaa| vahIM ina dharmAtmA pArtha ne viDiganavile ke prAcIna jinamandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAke mandira ke lie, divya vrattiyoM ke lie aura vidyArthiyoM ke nirvAha ke lie bhUmidAna karake hanasome ke jainAcAryoM ko 1167 I. meM samarpita kara diyA thaa| khacarakandarpa senamAra--koI vidyAdharavaMzI rAjA thaa| isake rAjya meM devagaNa pASANAkSya ke aMkadeva bhaTTAraka ke ziSya mahIdeva ke gRhastha-ziSya niravadhayya ne mahendrabolala prApta karake 1060 I. ke lagabhaga kaDavanti meM melasacaTTAna para niravadha-sinAlaya nAma kA mandira banavAyA thaa| rAjA senamAra ne usase prasanna hokara kRpApUrvaka use eka mAnya pradAna kiyA thA, jise adhikamAnya kA nAma dekara usane ukta jinAlaya kI bheMTa kara diyA thaa| usa pradeza ke kisAnoM ne bhI apane dhAnya kI fasala kA eka aMza ukta jinAlaya ke lie sadaiva dete rahane kA saMkalana kiyA thaa| dharmAtmA cikkatAyi-acyutarAjendra ke suputra acyuta-bIrendra-zikyapa nAma ke rAmA sajavaidha dharaNIya brathakula meM utpanna, jainadharmAja-bhAnu, samasta zAstroM kA jJAtA, budhajana-sevI, munijanapada-bhakta, bandhusatkAradakSa, bhidhambara thaa| usakI kulavanitA (patnI) cikkatAyi trivarga ke saMsAdhana meM sAvadhAna, sAdhvI, zubhAkArayutA, suzIlA, pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparA evaM sAmanta caMza :: 213

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jinendrapadAmbuja-bhaktiyuktA, mahAprasiddhA thI aura vidyAnandasthAmo kI gaharA-ziSyA thii| usakA sapatra bhiSagarAja vidyAsAra bhI sadAkAra, sumanA, bandhupoSaka, pUjyahRdaya aura tasvazIla shaa| dharmAtmA cikkatAyi ne kanakAcala ke bhagavAna pArzveza kI paMcavarSIya pUjA, muniyoM ke nitya AhAradAna aura sadaiva zAstradAna ke nimitta 1181 I. meM kinnarapura kA dAna diyA thaa| rAjakumArI udayAmbikA aura vIrAmbikA-cAlukya trailokyamalla kI ora se jaba daNDanAyaka mane-begaDe-anantapAlavya banavAsi Adi saptAddha-lakSa deza kA zAsaka thA to usakA upasAmanta govindarasa banavAndi-1 2000 ranaka mAsA putra rAjabhakta soma yA sovarata thA, jisakI patnI somAmbikA rUpa-lAvaNya meM rati ke samAna aura sambagdarzana meM revatI rAnI ke samAna thI! isa somanapa kI do putriyoM thIMbIrAmbikA aura udayAmbikA, jo sAkSAt jina-zAsana dethiyoM ke samAna dharmarakSaka aura dharmAtmA thiiN| udayAmbikA kA vivAha jUjinanRpa ke mahAparAkramI evaM yazasvI putra jUjakumAra aparanAma kumAra gajakesarI ke sAtha huA thaa| isa rAjapatrI evaM rAjarAnI ne apanI bahana ke sAtha saNDa meM, 1100 I. ke lagabhaga, devendra-vimAna aura nAgarAja-bhavana jaisA sundara aura hemAcala-jaisA uttuMga, maNimANikya-khacita bhavya jinendrabhavana banavAyA thaa| bodaNNagaur3a-1154 I. meM pArzvasena bhaTTAraka ne, jo sAdhuoM ke samasta guNoM se sampanna the, holasakare kI zAntinAtha-basadi kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA aura vimAna zuddhi, nA~dImaMgala, dhvajArohaNa, bherItAina, aMkurAropaNa, bRhacchAntika, mantranyAsa, aMkanyAsa, kevalajJAna kA mahAhIma, mahAsnapanAbhiSeka, agrodakaprabhAvanA, kalazanamAyanA Adi rUpa se vidhivat pratiSTotsava kiyA thaa| tadanantara jinAlaya ke saMrakSaNa tathA usameM akSayatRtIyA, aSTAhikA, ananta caturdazI, mahAvIra-nirvANa evaM RSabhanirvANarUpI jinarAtri mahotsakoM Adi samarata dhArmika paryoM aura mahotsadoM ke manAye jAne kI vyavasthA kI thii| unake isa dharma-kArya meM mUlasaMgha-AmnAyI bodaNNagaur3a aura usake dharmAtmA satputroM sopaNNayauDa, zAntaNNagauDa aura AdaraNagauDa kA pUrA sahayoga thaa| usta vyaya aura bhUmidAnAdi kA pradhAna aMza unhoMne hI diyA thaa| sthAnIya zAsaka pratApa-nAyaka se bhI unhoMne kucha bhUmi isa hetu bheMTa dekara prApta kI thii| zrAvakottama cakrezvara-zrIyaddhanApura (zrIvarddhanapura) nivAsI dhanavAn evaM dharmAtmA seTha rANugI zrAvaka ke putra zrAvaka mhAlugi the, jinakI dharmapatnI kA nAma svarNA thaa| inake cAra patroM meM sabase jeThe zrAvaka cakrezvara the, jo mahAdAnI, bharmekamUrti, sthira-zuddha-dRSTi, dayAvAna, satIvallabha, apanI udAratA meM kalpavRkSa ke samAna aura nirmala dharmarakSaka the| prAcIna dharmatIrtha evaM kalAtIrtha elaura (elorA-mahArASTra rAjya ke auraMgAAda jile meM sthita meM parvata ke Upara ina zrAvaka cakrezvara ne 1294 I. meM pArzvanAtha Adi tIrthakara bhagavAnoM ke vizAla bimba samArohapUrvaka pratiSThita ANSALILABADALIcommHDPmonetedIHAAdesdesk1 000 214 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM mins

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ofilam karAve the| kahA gayA hai ki apane isa kArya se cakrezvara ne isa sthAna (elorA) ko aisA sutIrtha banA diyA thA, jaisA ki pUrva kAla meM bharata cakrezvara ne apane aise hI kAryoM dvArA kailAlaparvata ko banA diyA thaa| vasuvisehi aura usake putra nAmbi, yoki, jindhi evaM bAhubali nAmaka seTraTiyoM ne 1200 I. ke lagabhaga zravaNabelagola kI vindhyagiri para caubIsI pratiSThApita kI thIM tathA anya nirmANa karAye the| yaha seSTi pariyAra bhayakIrti zilAlekhoM meM diNDikarAja, sAmanta nAganAyaka, yazakIrti kA sammAna karanevAle siMhalanareza, caturmukhadeva ko 'svAmI' kI upAdhi denevAle pAcanareza, vIrapallavarAya, garur3akesirAja, vatsarAja bAlAditya, gaNDavimukta ke zrAvaka, ziSya koDavya, daNDanAyaka, hegaDe, bammadeva aura nAgadeva, siMgyapanAyaka, rAjA gummaTa, paNDitArya ke ziSya sAmanta hariyA aura sAmanta mANikkadeva, hegaDekaraNa, yuddhavIra bhAvana, gandha-hasti, bothima Adi anya aneka jaina rAjAoM, sAmanta-saradAroM lakSa gAduNDoM, seSTiyoM, dharmAtmA mahilAoM Adi ke pUrva-madhyakAla meM nAmollekha milate haiN| aneka dharmAtmAoM dvArA pravaNabelagola Adi meM kiye gaye dAma yA anya dharma-kAryoM ke saMketa bhI milate haiN| pUrva madhyakAlIna dakSiNa ke uparAjya evaM sAmanta caMza :: 215

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uttara bhArata (lagabhaga 200 I.-1250 I.) nAga-vakATaka yuga tIsarI zatI I. ke madhya ke lagabhaga kuSANoM kA parAbhava hone para madhurA, kauzAmbI, ahicchatrA Adi meM sthAnIya mitravaMzI rAjya, kaI pradezoM meM paudheya, madraka, arjunAyana Adi yuddhopajIvIM maNarAjya aura aneka kSetra meM pAraziya mAMgoM kI svatantra sattA sthApita huii| tIsarI zatI meM pUrvI evaM madhya bhArata meM zaivadharmAnuyAyI nAma rAje ho sarvAdhika zaktizAlI the| dharma ke viSaya meM ve prAyaH udAra aura sahiSNu the| vidizA, padmAvatIpara, mathasa, ahivarAtrA Adi unake kaI pramukha kendra jainadharma ke bhI pavitra tIrtha aura acche kendra the| jaina anuzrutiyoM meM nAga jAti ko vidyAdharoM kA yaMzaja kahA hai| bAda meM zramaNadharmI prAtya-kSatriyoM meM inakI gaNanA hone lagI / teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke sAtha isa jAti kA ghaniSTha sabhyandha thaa| kintu isa kAla meM yaha jAti zaivamatAnuyAyI dhii| jainadharma ko koI rAjyAzraya prApta nahIM thaa| koI uslekhanIya jaina bhI isa kAla meM nahIM huaa| jainoM kI padmAvatIpuravAla jAti yaha avazya sUcita karatI hai ki nAgoM kI eka pramukha rAjadhAnI padmAvatIpura (gvAliyara rAjya kA pavAyA) usa kAla meM jainoM kA acchA mar3ha rahA hogA / nAgoM ke prAyaH sAtha-hI-sAtha vizeSakara madhya evaM pazcima bhArata meM kkATakavaMzI rAje hue jo cauthI zatI I. ke prAyaH madhya taka acche sattAdhArI rhe| unake yuga evaM rAjya meM bhI jainoM kI nAgoM ke samaya-jaisI sthiti rhii| guptakAla 320 I. ke lagabhaga gupta-rAjya kI sthApanA huI aura cauthI zatAbdI ke madhya se lekara prAyaH chaThI zatAbdI I. ke madhya taka gupta-sAmrAjya hI sampUrNa uttara bhArata kI sarvopari rAjyazakti thA / yaha yuga bhAratIya sAhitya aura kalA kA svarNayuga mAnA jAtA hai| deza samRddha aura sukhI thaa| pATaliputra gupta-sAmrAjya kI pradhAna rAjadhAnI thI aura upalayinI uparAjadhAnI thii| guptanareza vaiSNava dharmAnuyAyI parama-bhAgavata the 216 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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aura paurANika hindU dharma ke vikAsa ke sAdhaka tathA usake prabala poSaka evaM samarthaka the| jainadharma ke prati ve bhI asahiSNa nahIM the, kintu ise rAjyAzraya bhI prApta nahIM thaa| vaMzasaMsthApaka candragupta prathama (319-325 I.) kA pitA zrI gupta bauddha thA, kinta vaha svayaM zAyada brAhya dharma kA hI anuyAyI thA, vaise usake abhyudaya kA mUlAdhAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kula meM utpanna pATaliputra ke tatkAlIna licchavinareza kI ekamAtra duhitA kubhAradevI ke sAtha usakA vivAha honA thaa| usI licchavirAnI kA putra bhArI vijetA samudragupta huaa| usakA uttarAdhikArI jyeSTha putra rAmagupta (575-379 I.) thA, jisakA anuja evaM uttarAdhikArI candragupta dvitIya vikramAditya (8785-414 I.) isa vaMza kA sarvAdhika prasiddha, pratApI evaM zaktizAlI samrAT thaa| utsake putra kumAragupta (414-455 I.) aura pItra skandagupta (455-467 I. ke samaya meM sAmrAjya kI zakti evaM pratiSThA banI rahI, kintu taduparAnta adanali prArambha ho gayI aura vizeSakara zveta hUNoM ke AkramaNoM tathA sAmantoM ke vidrohoM ke pariNAmasvarUpa chaThI zatI I. ke madhya ke lagabhaga samAptaprAya ho gyii| gupta-yuga meM jainadharma ko prAyaH koI rAjyAzraya prApta nahIM thaa| rAjyayaMza ke atirikta koI bar3A sAmanta-saradAra, rAjyapadAdhikArI aura saha-mAhakAra zrI sAmAna hI hAnathApita kucha-eka ullekhanIya nAma prApta hote haiN| aneka purAne jaina kendra bhI bahuta kucha phalate-phUlate rhe| digambara aura zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM ke jaina sAdhuoM kA pazcimottara sImAnta se lekara bihAra, baMgAla aura ur3IsA paryanta svacchanda vihAra thA aura cInI-yAtrI phAdhAna ke yAtrAvRtta se prakaTa hai ki sAmrAjya ke janasAmAnya para khAna-pAna sambandhI jainI ahiMsA kA pUrA prabhAva thA-madha-mAMsa-sevana kA pracAra atyanta visla thaa| sarvaprathama prApta ullekha gupta saMvat 37 (376 I.) kA hai, jaba madarA meM eka jina pratimA pratiSThita kI gayI thii| ___ mahArAjAdhirAja rAmagupta dvArA pratiSThApita kaI jinamUrtiyoM vidizA ke nikara durjanapura se prApta huI haiN| unameM se do candraprabhu (Bthe tIrthakara) kI haiM aura eka puSpadanta (9veM tIrthakara) kI hai| ina pratimAoM ko ukta gupta samrATa ne pANipAtra (digambara) muni dhanprakSamAcArya zramaNa ke praziSya, AcArya sarvasena zramaNa ke ziSya aura golakyAntya ke suputra celu zramaNa ke upadeza se pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| daNDanAyaka AmakAradeva-indAna kA putra aura samrATa candragupta vikramAditya kA eka cIra daNDanAyaka thaa| gupta saMvat 99 (412 I.) ke sA~cI ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra isa jaina senAnAyaka ne kAkanAbora ke bihAra meM nitya jaina sAdhuoM ke AhAra-dAna ke nimitta tathA ralagRha meM dIpaka jalAne ke lie IzvaravAsaka nAma kA gA~va aura 25 svarNa TInAroM kA dAna kiyA thaa| candragupta vikramAditya ke navaratna-vidaloM meM parimaNila kSapaNaka nAyaka uttara bhArata:217

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vidvAn ko Adhunika itihAsakAra eka digambara muni mAnate haiN| vastutaH suprasiddha dvAtriMzikAoM ke racayitA AcArya siddhasena (prathama) hI vaha guptakAlIna kSapaNaka the jo zreSThakavi, mahAn tArkika aura atyanta udAra evaM pragativAdI vidvAn the / ujjayinI ke mahAkAla mandira meM unake dvArA kiye gaye camatkAroM ko lekara kaI kiMvadantiyA~ pracalita haiN| suprasiddha amarakoSakAra amarasiMha bhI jaina the, aisA kaI vidvAnoM kA vizvAsa hai aura jyotiSAcArya varAhamihira niyuktiyoM ke racayitA jainAcArya bhadrabAhu ke bar3e bhAI the, aisI mAnyatA hai| azvapati subhaTa ke putra saMghala - guptavaMzI nareza (kumAragupta ) ke samaya meM padmAvatIpura nivAsI aura zatruoM kA mAna bhaMga karanevAle 'azvapati' upAdhidhArI subhaTa ke putra zama-damAga saMghala ne jo bhadrAnvaya ke bhUSaNa evaM Aryakula meM utpanna AcArya gozarma ke ziSya the, (madhyapradeza meM vidizA ke nikaTa udayagiri para sthita guhAmukha meM vItarAga jinavara pAzrzvadeva kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| isameM unakA hetu karmarUpI zatruoM kA kSaya karanA aura puNya upArjana karanA thaa| yaha saMghala vidhipUrvaka yatimArga meM sthita hokara (munidIkSA lekara ) zaMkara muni kahalAye the / 'azvapati' upAdhi rAjA-mahArAjAoM yA bar3e sAmantoM kI hotI thI, ataeva uparyukta sumaTa azvapati guptoM ke koI bar3e sAmanta aura padmAvatIpura ke zAsaka rahe pratIta hote haiN| yaha pratiSThA kArtika kRSNA paMcamI, gupta-saMvat 106, arthAt 426 I. meM huI thii| uparyukta pArzva-pratimA usI sthAna meM akhaNDatarUpa meM abhI bhI vidyamAna hai, lekha usake nikaTa hI dIvAra para aMkita haiM / zrAvikA zAmAyA- kohiyagaNa kI vidyAdharI zAkhA ke dattilAcArya kI gRhastha-ziSyA thI jo bhaTTibhava kI putrI thI aura grahamitrapAlita kI kuTumbinI (dharmapatnI ) thii| usakA pati prAtArika (nadI ke ghATa kA adhikArI ) thA / isa dharmAtmA zrAvikA ne samrAT kumAragupta ke rAjya meM, gupta saM. 113 arthAt 432 I. meM mathurA meM eka jinapratimA kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| zrAvaka bhadra-somila kA putra, jaina sAdhuoM ke saMsarga se pavitra, pracuraguNanidhi mahAtmA-paTTisoma thA / usakA pRthulamati-yazA putra rudrasoma aparanAma vyAghra thaa| vyAghra kA putra bhadra yA madra thA jo dvija, guru aura yatiyoM (jina muniyoM) meM prIti rakhanevAlA, puNyaskandha aura saMsAra ke AvAgamana cakra se bhayabhIta, dharmA thaa| usane apane kalyANa ke lie samrAT skandagupta ke rAjya meM gupta saM. 141 (san 460 I.) ke jyeSTha mAsa meM, kakubha (uttara pradeza ke devariyA jile kA kahAyU~) nAmaka grAmaratna meM, arhantoM meM pramukha paMca- jinendra (AdinAtha, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzva aura mahAvIra) kA girivara ke zikhara samAna sucAru zilAstambha banavAkara pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| yU~ kA yaha prasiddha paMca- jinendra stambha aba bhI vidyamAna hai| valabhInareza maTArka - pA~carthI zatI I. ke madhya lagabhaga gujarAta ke valabhInagara 218 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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CONNOIN meM gupta samrAToM kA karada sAmanta aura usa pradeza kA zAsaka bhaTArka thA, jisakA apAnAma sambhavataH dharasena yA dhabasena bhI thaa| yahI rAjA balabhI ke maitrakavaMza kA saMsthApaka thaa| usake prazzraya meM 453 I. (matAntara se 456 I.) meM AcArya devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne eka yatisammelana bulAkara usameM zvetAmbara paramparA meM pracalita Agama sUtroM kA vAcana aura saMkalana kiyA tathA prathama bAra unheM lipibaddha kiyA thaa| jainazvetAmthara sAhitya ke itihAsa meM yaha ghaTanA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa hai| yoM valabhI usake do-eka zatAbdI pahale se hI jainoM kA eka gar3ha rahatA AyA thA.cauthI zatI ke prArambha meM bhI nAgArjunasari ne vahA~ AgamoM kI yAcanA kI thii| hUNanareza toramANa-pazcima sImAnta se bhArata meM praviSTa honevAle barbara hUNoM ke dudanti AkramaNoM ne gupta sAmrAjyoM ko jarjara kara diyA thaa| jisa barbara, kara, bhAratIya dharma-virodhI, videzI aura atyAcArI hUNa saradAra ne lagabhaga 40 varSa paryanta gupta samrAToM aura bhAratIya janatA ko trasta kiye rakhA, vahI jaina anuzruti kA, mahAdIra-nirvANa ke eka sahasra varSa ke bhItara honevAlA caturmukha kalki rahA pratIta hotA hai| aura kalki kI mRtyu ke uparAnta usake ajitaMjaya nAmaka jisa putra ke dharmarAjya kA ullekha AtA hai, vaha ukta hUNa saradAra kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI loramANa yA torArAya hI pratIta hotA hai / candrabhAgA (cinAba) ke kinAre sthita pavaiyA nAmaka nagarI usakI rAjadhAnI thii| sampUrNa pazcimottara sImAnta, paMjAba, mathurA paryanta uttara pradeza aura madhyamArata ke gvAliyara, eraNa Adi pradezoM para usakA adhikAra thaa| vaha zaiva, vaiSNava, bauddha, jaina Adi saba dharmoM ke prati sahiSNa evaM udAra aura apekSAkRta saumya prakRti kA thaa| eka jaina anuzruti ke anusAra guptavaMza meM hI utpanna jainamuni harigupta ne usa dadara hamanareza para AdhyAtmika evaM naitika vijaya prApta karake use apanA bhakta banA liyA thaa| usake Agraha para vaha kucha varSa usakI rAjadhAnI meM bhI rhe| lagabhaga 473 se 515 I. taka usakA rAjyakAla rhaa| zrAvaka nAthazarmA-baMgAla deza ke pahAr3apura sthAna kA nivAsI vaha sadgRhastha aura usakI patnI, bar3e jinabhakta aura dharmAtmA the| pahAipura-tAmrapatra ke anusAra gupta samrAT budhagupta ke zAsana kAla meM, guptasaMvat 139 arthAt 478 I. meM isa dampatI ne rAjapuruSoM ko sAkSI se raMgadezastha puNDrayardhana ke baTagohAlI nAmaka vizAla jainabihAra ko svarNamudrAoM kA dAna kiyA thaa| isa saMsthAna ke saMsthApaka evaM saMrakSaka paMca-stUpa-nikAya ke vArANasI-nivAsI jainAcAya guhanandri ke ziSya-aziSya the| ukta dAna kA mukhya hetu, jina pratimA kI sthApanA aura ahantoM kI nityapUjA kI avasthA thii| digambara muniyoM kI paMcastUpAnvayI zAkhA, jo kAlAntara meM mUlasaMdhAntargata semasaMgha meM parivartita ho gayI aura jisakA nikAsa mUlataH sambhavatayA hastinApura ke paMcastupa se thA, usa kAla meM paryApta prabhAvazAlI thii| uttara meM hastinApura, mathurA aura kAzI. pUrva meM baMgAla aura dakSiNa meM mahArASTra evaM karNATaka paryanta usakA prasAra thaa| uttara bhArate::219

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rAjarSi devagupta-guptanareza pahAsenagupta ke putra kumArAmAtya devagupta ne mAlayA para vAra kara diyA mAyA apanA svatantra zAsana sthApita kiyA thaa| vaha jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA aura zreSTha yuddhavIra evaM rAjanItijJa thaa| thAnezvara ke rAjyavardhana ke hAthoM parAjita hone para vaha saMsAra se virakta ho gayA aura apane hI vaMza ke jaina muni harigupta se dIkSA lekara jaina sAdhu ho gayA thaa| guptakAla ke jaina mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ke bhagnAvazeSa baMgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA, gujarAta, madhyabhArata, uttarapradeza, paMjAba aura uttara-pazcimI sImAnta taka meM prApta hue haiN| mathurA, hastinApura, devamar3ha, kahA, vArANasI, rAjagiri (bihAra), puNDavardhana, vidizA, vallabhI, ujjayinI Adi usa kAla ke prasiddha jaina kendra the| kannauja ke mokhari aura vardhana chaThI zatAbdI ke madhya ke lagabhaga guptoM ke parAbhava para unake hI eka mokhari sAmanta ne kannauja ko rAjadhAnI banAkara kannauja se bihAra paryanta apanI svatantra sattA jamA lI thI 1 baMgAla ke zazAMka dvArA antima mokhari gRhavarmA kI yuddha meM mRtyu ho jAne para isa vaMza kA anta huA aura usakA sthAna usake sAle, thAnezvara ke harSavardhana liyaa| samrATa harSavardhana (606-647 I.) pratApI nareza thA aura zIghra hI prAyaH pUre uttarApatha para apanA ekAdhipatya sthApita karane meM saphala ho gayA thaa| bauddhadharma kI ora usakA vizeSa jhukAva thA, tathApi vaha sarvadharma samadarzI, vidvAnoM kA Adara karanevAlA udAra aura dAnI nareza thaa| apanI rAjadhAnI kannauja meM tathA prayAga meM vaha vidvata-sammelana karatA thA, jinameM yaha bauddha, jaina (nirgrantha), zaiva aura vaiSNava sAdhuoM evaM vidvAnoM ko Amantrita karatA aura yatheccha dAna dekara unheM santuSTa karatA thaa| usake samaya meM cInI bauddha yAtrI henasAMga bhArata AyA thA, sajadhAnI meM bhI rahA thaa| usake yAtrA-vRttAnta se patA calatA hai ki pazcima meM aphagAnistAna se lekara pUrva meM baMgAla paryanta aura uttara meM himAlaya se lekara dakSiNa meM kumArI antarIpa paryanta prAyaH pratyeka pradeza meM nimrantha (jaina sAdhu) aura unake anuyAyI pAye jAte the| dhIradeva kSapaNaka nAmaka jaina vidvAn harSa ke rAjakavi khANa kA mitra thA aura sambhavatayA harSa kI rAjasamA kA eka vidvAna thaa| suprasiddha 'bhaktAmarastotra' ke rathayitA jainAcArya mAnatuMga bhI isI samaya hue mAne jAte haiN| jaikobI Adi katipaya vidvAn unakA sambandha harSa se jor3ate haiN| sambhava hai ki uparyukta vIradeva kSapaNaka mAnatuMga ke ziSya hoN| isI kAla meM balabhI ke maitrakarvazI nareza zilAditya prathama ke Azraya meM zvetAmbarAcArya jinamatagaNI-kSamAzramaNa ne apanA suprasiddha vizeSAvazyaka-bhASya 609 I. meM raza thA aura karNATaka ke jainAcArya bhaTTAkalaMkadeya ne kaliMganareza 220 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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himazItala kI rAjasabhA meM bauddha vidvAnoM ko bAda meM parAjita kiyA thaa| bar3audA ke nikaTa akoTA nAmaka sthAna se prAyaH isI kAla kI kaI jaina dhAtumUrtiyA~ khudAI meM prApta huI hai| mUrtiyoM atyanta jIrNa-zIrNa haiN| unameM se kucha lekhAMkita bhI haiM aura eka para jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa kA nAma bhI aMkita hai| eka anya mUrti para jo lekha par3hA gayA hai, usake anusAra candrakula kI jaina mahilA nAgezvarIdevI ne devadharma ke rUpa meM "jIvantasthAyI' kI yaha mUrti nirmANa karAyI thii| eka pratimA RSabhadeva kI hai, kucha vakSa-vakSiyoM kI haiN| sana 629 I. meM cedi ke kalacuri nareza zaMkaragaNa ne jainatIrtha kulpAka kI sthApanA kI thii| harSavardhana kI mRtyu ke uparAnta lagabhaga AdhI zatAbdI uttara bhArata meM arAjakatA rahI jo aitihAsika dRSTi se eka prakAra kA andhayuga hai| isa kAla kI 687 I. kI do lekhAMkita jaina dhAtumUrtiyA~ basantagar3ha meM prApta huI thI, aura lagabhaga 700 I. meM bArAnagara ke satti (zakti)-bhUpAla ke Azraya meM jainAcArya pacanandi ne apane prAkRta bhASA ke jambUdvIpa-prajJapti-saMgraha mAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| kannaujanareza yazovarmana savIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM isa nareza ne arAjakatA kA anta karake zAnti aura suvyavasthA sthApita kI / vaha acchA pratApI, vijetA aura vidyArasika nareza thA / kahA jAtA hai ki isa nareza kA sajakavi aura prAkRta kAvya 'moDaraho' kA racayitA vAkpati jaina thaa| kannauja kA AyudhavaMza yazovarmana ko mRtyu ke kucha samaya uparAnta kannauja para AyudhavaMzI narezoM kA adhikAra huA, jinameM vasAyudha, indrAyudha aura cakrAyudha ne savIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM kramaza: rAjya kiyaa| inameM se indrAyudha kA ullekha 783 I. meM racita apane harivaMza purANa meM punnATasaMghI jainAcArya jinasena ne uttara dizA ke rAjA ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| usI zatI ke anta ke lagabhaga AyudhoM kI sattA kA anta gurjara-pratihAroM ne kiyaa| gurjara-pratihAra nareza prAmuslimakAlIna rAjapUta vaMzoM meM pramukha gurjarapratihAra svayaM ko rAma ke pratihAra lakSmaNa kA baMzaja karate the| mAravAr3a ke bhinnamAla aparanAma zrImAla nagara ko inhoMne apanA prathama kendra aura rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| usa kAla meM yaha sthAna jainadharma kA prasiddha gadA thA / jainoM kI saprasiddha zrImAla yA zrImAlI jAti kA nikAsa isI nagara se hai| zrIpAla ke gurjara pratihAra vaMza kA saMsthApaka sarizcandra thA, kintu uttara bhArata :: 221

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vaMza aura rAjya kA abhyudaya nAgabhaTa prathama (740-756 I.) ke samaya se huaa| usane sindha ke araboM ko harAkara bar3I prasiddhi prApta kI thI aura aneka choTe-choTe rAjyoM ko adhIna karake paryApta zakti bar3hA lI thii| yaha rAjA jainadharma kA poSaka aura sambhavatayA anuyAyI bhI thaa| usakA bhatIjA evaM uttarAdhikArI kakkuka to parama jaina thA aura usane bhinnamAla meM eka vizAla jinamandira banavAyA thA jise usane dhanezvaramaccha ke yatiyoM ko sauMpa diyA thaa| prAcArya 1 udyotanasAra ne kevala vatsarAja kukkuka ke anuja evaM uttarAdhikArI devarAja kA putra vatsarAja (775-800 I.) kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAra sAmrAjya kA vAstavika saMsthApaka thaa| vaha bar3A pratApI, parAkramI aura vijetA thaa| usane indrAyudha se kannauja chInakara use apane navodita sAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI manonIta kiyA thA / yadyapi usake samaya meM pradhAna rAjadhAnI bhinnamAla hI banI rhii| samasta pUrvI rAjasthAna, mAlavA, madhyabhArata, gujarAta aura uttara pradeza ke paryApta bhAga usake rAjya ke antargata the / dakSiNa ke rASTrakUTa aura baMgAla ke pAla usake prave kuvalayamAlA (778 I.) meM aura jinasenasUri punnATa ne harivaMza purANa (783 I.) meM isa 'raNasti', 'parabhaTa bhRkuTi bhaMjaka' Adi virudadhArI gurjara pratihAra nareza vatsarAja kA bhAratavarSa ke tatkAlIna sarvamahAn narezoM meM ullekha kiyA hai| 'kuvalaya' kI racanA jAbAlipura (jAlora) ke RSabhadeva- jinAlaya meM huI thii| vaha nagarI svayaM vatsarAja kI hI eka upa-rAjadhAnI thii| rAjA bahudhA vahIM rahatA thA / 'harivaMza' kI racanA vardhamAnapura (madhyapradeza meM purAne dhAra rAjya kA badanAvara nagara jo ujjaina se 40 mIla pazcima meM sthita hai) kI nannarAja- basati meM prArambha kI gayI thI aura usake lagabhaga 12 mIla pazcima meM sthita dostaTikA ( dotariyA) ke zAntinAtha jinAlaya meM use pUrNa kiyA gayA thaa| isI kAla meM AcArya haribhadrasUri ne cittaur3a meM nivAsa karate hue aneka mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA praNavana kiyA thaa| battarAja jainadharma kA bar3A samarthaka evaM poSaka thA / janayati bappabhaTTi kA vaha bar3A sammAna karatA thaa| usI ke samaya meM mathurA meM zvetAmbara aura digambara mandira sarvaprathama pRthaka-pRthaka bane lagate haiN| vaha donoM hI sampradAyoM ke sAtha samAna vyavahAra karatA thA / zrImAla, osiyA Adi nagaroM meM usane ftara jina-mandira nirmANa karAye the| kamnauja meM usane 100 hAtha U~cA bhavya jina mandira banavAyA thA, jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI svarNamayI pratimA pratiSThApita kI thI, aura gvAliyara meM usane eka 23 hAtha U~cI tIrthaMkara pratimA sthApita kI thii| modharA, anhilavAr3a Adi sthAnoM meM bhI usane jinamandira banavAye batAye jAte haiN| isI kAla meM 781 I. meM zrIpaTTana ke mantrIzvara jinanAga kI bhAryA nArAyaNadevI eka prasiddha dharmAtmA jaina mahilA thI / nAgabhaTTa dvitIya nAgAvaloka 'Ama' ( 800-833 I.) -- vatsarAja kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI thA aura usake samAna hI pratApI, vijetA aura jainadharma kA poSaka thA / 222 : pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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bIca meM kucha samaya ke lie kannauja gurjarapratihAroM ke hAtha se nikala gayA thA, kintu isa rAjA ne usapara punaH sthAyI adhikAra karake apane sAmrAjya kI pradhAna rAjadhAnI mnaayaa| yaha garemAvara jannA kA A zramahA thaa| jaina sAhitya aura anuzrutiyoM meM unakI prabhUta prazaMsA pAyI jAtI hai| AcArya dhappADUsUri kA vaha parama bhakta thA / aneka vidvAnoM ke anusAra bappA caritra meM ullikhita gvAliyara kA rAjA Ama yaha gurjarapratihAra nAgabhaTTa dvitIya hI thaa| kucha anya vidvAn kannauja ke pUrvokta nareza yazovarmana ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI ke sAtha 'Ama' kA samIkaraNa karate haiN| prabhAvaka caritra ke anusAra isa nareza kI mRtyu 839 I. meM gaMgA meM samAdhi lekara huI tho / mathurA ke prAcIna jainastUpa kA jIrNoddhAra bhI isI ke samaya meM huA batAyA jAtA hai| yaha dharmAtmA rAjA jinendradeva kI bhA~ti viSNu, ziva, sUrya aura bhagavatI kA bhI bhakta thaa| mihirabhoja (856-885 I.)- nAgabhaTTa dvitIya kA pautra aura rAmabhadra yA rAmadeva kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI, kannauja ke gurjarapratihAra vaMza kA sarvAdhika prasiddha evaM sarvamahAn nareza thaa| usake samaya meM isa sAmrAjya kI zakti evaM samRddhi gharamotkarSa ko prApta ho gayI thii| apanI kuladeyI bhagavatI kA yaha upAsaka thA; kintu bar3A udAra aura sahiSNu thA tathA jainadharma kA bhI prazrayadAtA thaa| ghaTiyAlA ke 86 I. ke zilAlekha se pratIta hotA hai ki isa samaya usake pUrvaja kakkuka dvArA nirmApita jinAlaya meM kucha saMvardhana huA thaa| kA~gar3A (paMjAba) meM bhI 854 I. meM koI jina-pratiSThA huI thii| vikrama saM. 919, zaka 784 (san 862 I.) kI Azvina zukla caturdazI, bRhaspati ke dina uttara-bhAdrapadA nakSatra meM isa parama mahAraka mahArAjAdhirAja paramezvara zrI mojadeva ke rAjya meM aura usake dvArA niyukta usake mahAsAmanta viSNurAma ke sAkSAt zAsana aura prazraya meM luacchagiri (uttara pradeza ke jhA~sI jile kA devagar3ha) meM bhagavAna zAntinAtha ke mandira ke sAmane AcArya kamaladeva ke ziSya zrIdeva ne zrAvaka bAju aura gaMgA nAmaka do bhAiyoM dvArA kalApUrNa mAnastambha nirmApita evaM pratiSThApitta karAyA thaa| dharmAtmA bhrAtRdaya kI upAdhi goSTika dhI, jisase lagatA hai ki ve kisI vyApArI nimama ke sambhrAnta sadasya the aura ukta zAntyAyatana ke TrasTI the| bar3anagara yA bArI (padyAri ke nikaTa jJAnanAtha parvata kI talahaTI meM eka jhIla ke kinAre sthita) nAmaka sthAna meM 876 I. meM dichahA nAmaka dhanapati ne koI jinAlaya banAkara usake lie dAna diyA thaa| usa sthAna meM usa kAla ke mandiroM Adi ke aneka bhagnAvazeSa haiN| unhIM meM gaDaramara (gaDariye kA mandira) ke pazcima ora sthita jaina mandira samUha ke catuSkoNa prAMgaNa ke bAhara yaha zilAlekha milA hai| saurASTra ke jaina tIrtha giranAra ke neminAtha mandira ke dakSiNI pravezadvAra ke nikaTa eka choTe mandira kI dIvAra para aMkita bhagna zilAlekha meM bhagavAn neminAtha ko namaskAra karake likhA hai ki kisI mahIpAla nAmaka sAmanta rAjA ke uttara bhArata :: 228

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sabhyandhI thA Azrita) bayarasiMha ko bhAyA phAu, putroM sAiA aura melAmelA tathA putriyoM rur3I evaM gAMgI ne ukta neminAtha jinAlaya banavAkara ise bhadrasUri ke paTTadhara munisiMha (bhandra) dvArA pratiSThita karAyA thaa| vaha pratiSThA phAlguna zukla paMcamI guruvAra ko huI thii| varSa nahIM diyA hai, kintu anumAna yahI kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha lekha ukta bhojadeya ke samaya kA hai| mihirabhoja kA putra mahendrapAla prathama 1885-906 I.) bhI zaktizAlI zAsaka aura vidvAnoM kA prazrayadAtA thaa| tadanantara bhoja dvitIya (108-9144 I.) aura mahIpAla (91-940 I.) rAjA hae / sambhava hai uparyukta giranAra zilAlekha kA mahopAla yahI rAjA ho| usakA uttarAdhikArI mahendrapAla dvitIya (940-946 I.) bhI bhArI vidyApremI thaa| jainAcArya somadeva ne isI rAjA ke lie rAjanItizAstra ke apane mahAna grantha "mItivAkyAmRta' evaM 'mahendra-mAlali saMjalpa' kI racanA kI thI, aisA vizvAsa karane ke kAraNa haiN| taduparAnta devapAla Adi yazapAla paryanta kaI rAjA hue, kintu gurjarapratihAroM kI yaha avanati kA kAla thaa| mahamUda gajanavI ke AkramaNa ne unakI sattA para mAraNAntika AghAta kiyaa| kucha dazakoM taka arAjakatA rahI, kannauja para badAyU ke rASTrakUTo kI bhI AkAra rahatAntara lagabhaga eka sau varSa gahaDavAloM ne zAsana kiyA, jisake antima rAjA jayacanda ke sAtha muhammada gorI ke hAthoM mahar3avAloM kA bhI anta huaa| isa kAla ko mathurA meM do jaina mUrtiyA~ milI haiM- eka 981 I. kI aura dUsarI 1977 I. kii| sA~bhara ke cAhamAna ajayameru (ajamera) ke nikaTa zAkambharI sA~bhara) meM cAhamAna (cauhAna) sajapUtoM kA sasya 700 I. ke lagabhama prArambha huaa| dhIre-dhIre nADola, dholapura (dholakA), AbU, raNathambhaura, paratApagar3ha, candravAI (iTAvA ke nikaTa yamunA taTa para) Adi kaI sthAnoM meM bhI isa vaMza kI zAkhA-upazAkhAoM kA rAjdha huaa| vasudeva dvArA saMsthApita sapAdalakSa yA sA~bhara kA yaMza inameM sarvapramukha thA, jisameM aneka rAjA hue| inameM pRthvIrAja prathama jainadharma kA parama bhakta thaa| usane raNathambhaura ke jina mandira para svarNakalaza car3hAyA thaa| ajamera meM 1188 I. meM kinhIM paM. guNacandra ne AcArya gadAnandi se zAntinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thii| pRthvIrAja dvitIya bhI parama jaina thA aura vijauliyA pArzvanAtha tIrtha ke jaina guruoM kA bhakta thaa| usane eka jinAlaya ke lie morakuTI (morAjharI) gA~va kA dAna diyA thaa| rAjA aArAja ko AcArya jinadattasUri ne apane upadezAmRta se prabhAvita kiyA thaa| somezvara cauhAna- aNorAja kA putra, vigraharAja caturtha evaM pRthvIrAja dvitIya kA anuja aura uttarAdhikArI gujarAta ke solaMkInareza jayasiMha siddharAja kA dauhitra evaM dattaka putra, kumAra pAla solaMkI kA pratidvandI, dillI ke anaMgapAla tomara kA 224 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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jAmAlA aura suprasiddha rAyapithaurA (pRthvIrAja tRtIya) kA pitA, somezvara aparanAma yahaDa, ajamera ke cauhAnoM meM jainadharma kA sarvAdhika poSaka evaM bhakta nareza thA aura 1 zyauM zatAbdI I, ke madhya ke lagabhaga vidyamAna thaa| vaha bar3A dhIra aura parAkramI thA, ataH 'pratApalaMkezvara' kahalAtA thaa| svarga prApti kI AkAMkSA se isa nareza meM revAttaTa sthita zrIpApInAtha-jinAlaya ke lie revaNa nAma kA grAma dAna diyA thaa| bijoliyA pArzvanAtha kA prasiddha mandira bhI usake dvArA athakA usake Azraya meM nirmita haA thaa| usa tIrtha para usake eka dharmAtmA zrAvaka zresThilAlAka ne to 1 169 I. meM aneka nirmANa kArya evaM utsava usakI sahamati evaM sahayogapUrvaka kiye the| jakha somezvara dillI AyA thA to sambhavatayA usane apane nagaraseTha, ajamera ke devapAla sonI ke sAtha hastinApura tIrthakSetra kI bhI yAtrA kI thii| usI avasara para ukta devapAla sonI ne hastinApura meM 1176 I. meM bhagavAna zAntinAtha kI eka khaDgAsama vizAla purUSAkAra manoja pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| lagabhaga cAlIsa varSa hue ukta sthAna ke eka TIle kI khudAI meM vaha mUrti prApta huI thii| sAtha curakSA ke putra hAlU ne ajamera meM 1177 I. meM pArzvapratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| 1182 I. meM lAhaDa kI patnI tolI ne tathA anya sAma zrAvikAjI mallinAva kI pratimA aura AryikA madanazrI ne samasta goSThikoM ke sahayoga se mANikyadeva ke ziSya somadeva kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| ajamera meM hI sAdhu hAlaNa ke putra vardhapAna ne tathA mahIpAla ne 1187 I. meM vAsupUjya-pratimA pratiSThApita kI thI, aura mahIpAladeva kI sammAnita mAtA zrAvikA AstA ne 1390 I. meM pArzva-pratimA pratiSThita kI thii| ye pratiSThAe~ dillI-ajamera ke cauhAna rAjA pRthvIrAja tRtIya ke samaya meM huI thii| zreSTha lolArka-zrImAla zailapravara ke prAgvATa (poravAI) vaMza meM utpanna vaizravaNa nAmaka dharmAtmA zrAvaka ne manohara kSetra taDAgapatana meM eka jimamandira samavAyA thaa| usake patra zreSTha caccula ne vyApreraka Adi sthAnoM meM jinamandira banavAye the| vaha sadbuddhi, paropakArI aura yazasvI thaa| usakA putra kIrtivAna zubhaMkara thA, jisakA puNyavAna putra zreSThi jAsaTa thaa| AmukhyA aura dhA nAma kI jAsTa kI do paliyoM thiiN| pahalI se ambara aura paghaTa aura dUsarI se lakSmaTa aura desala nAma ke putra hue the| ina bhAiyoM ne kaI jinamandira banavAye the| lakSmaTa ke munIndu aura rAmendu nAma ke guNavAn evaM samAnazIlavAle do putra the aura desala ke duddala nAyaka, mosala, kAmajita, deva, sIyaka aura sAhaka nAma ke chaha putra the jo SaTkarmadakSa, SaTkhaNDAgama ke bhakta, SaDindriyoM ko vaza meM karanevAle, zAGguSya-cintAkarA ityAdi guNasampanna the| ina bhAiyoM ne aneka dharmotsava kiye the aura aamera nagara kA AbhUSaNa deyendra vimAna-jaisA sundara zrI vardhamAna bhagavAn kA mandira banavAyA thaa| ina bhAiyoM meM se preSThibhUSaNa sIyaka ne meNDaNakara mahAdurga ko jina-mUrtiyoM se alaMkRta kiyA thA aura devAdrizrRMga (devagar3ha) para svarNakalazoM se maNtuita camacamAtA uttara bhArata:- 225

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MAIYALALITARKESUHAWALAWAR 1513 nemi-jinAlaya banavAyA thA lazyA aSTApadazailaga para bhI jinAlaya banavAye the| yaha zreripravara sIdhaka nyAyAmbarasecanaka-jalada, kIrtinidhAna, saujanyAmbujani-vikAsana-ciH, pApAdribheda-paviH, kAruNyAmRta-bAridhi aura sAdhujanopakAra-karaNa-dhyApAra-baddhAdara thaa| nAgazrI aura mAmaTA nAma ko usakI do bhAri thiiN| pahalI se nAgadeva, lolArka aura ajjvala mAma ke tIna aura dUsarI se mahIdhara evaM devaghara nAma ke do putra huA / sIyaka seTa ke ye pA~coM suputra paMcAcAra-parAyaNa, paMcAMgamantrIjjcala, paMcajJAna-vicAraNAsucatura, paMdhedriyAlibAnI, zrImatpattagura smAmAlanamaH aura pacaNa advayutAH the| ujjvala seTha ke yazasvI putra durlabha aura lakSmaNa the| zreSThi lolArka kI rUpaguNa sampannA evaM patiparAyaNA tIna patniyoM thIM, jinake nAma lalitA, kamalazrI aura lakSmI the| inameM se seTha ko seThAnI lalitA vizeSa priya shyo| ekadA seThAnI lalitA ne apane prAsAda meM sukhapUrvaka zayana karate hue eka sundara svapna dekhA, jisameM nAmarAja dharaNendra ne usase kahA ki zrI pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kA prAsAda bnvaao| seThAnI ne apane pati le svapna kI bAta kahI aura anurodha kiyA ki reyattI-tIravartI pArzvanAtha tIrtha kA udvAra kreN| asata, jaladhi ke samAna gambhIra, sUrya ke samAna sthira-aMcala tejasvitAvAle, candramA ke samAna saumya aura gaMgA ke samAna pavitra, paMdhANuvratadhArI, paMcaparameSThi ke parama bhakta, sukRti, jJAnI, dAnI, udAra aura dharmAtmA zreSThi ziromaNi lolAI (lolAka) ne dhanadhAnya-pUrNa vindhyavallI (bijauliyA) ke usa bhIpATayI nAmaka vana meM jahA~ duSTa kamaTha ne bhagavAn pArzvanAtha para yaha purANaprasiddha ghora upasarga kiyA thA, pArvatIrtha kA uddhAra karane kA saMkalpa kiyaa| ukta sthAna meM suprasiddha revatIkuNDa ke taTa para usane atyanta bhavya evaM uttuMga pArzvanAtha-jinAlaya banavAyA aura usake cahu~ora chaSTa andha jinamandira inavAye / isa saptAyasana ke avazeSoM para hI kAlAntara meM vaha paMcAyatana yA pauMca mandiroM kA samUha-pAka madhya meM aura sAra-cAra konoM para--banA jo bijauliyA-tIrgha para vidyamAna hai| zreSThi lolArka ne nikaTa hI eka caTTAna para unnatizikhara-purANa nAmaka grantha pUrA-kA-pUrA utkIrNa karA diyA thA anyatra isakI koI prati upalabdha nahIM hai) aura eka anya zilA para apanI yaha bRhat prazasti aMkita karAyI thI jisameM cauhAna narezoM kI vaMzAvalI aura apane pUrvapuruSoM kA tathA usake dharmakAryoM kA ullekha karane ke pazcAt svadhaM usake dharmakAyoM kA vivaraNa hai| mandiroM kA nirmANa karAke seTha ne yahA~ eka mahAn pratiSThotsava evaM pUjotsava kiyA, jisameM asaMkhya janatA ekatra huI, nRtya-gIta-yAca Adi sahita aneka utsava hue| ye samasta dharma-kArya seTha ne ajayameru (ajamera) ke cauhAna nareza pratApalaMkezvara somezvara ke Azraya meM usakI sahamatipUrvaka vikrama saMvata 1226 (san 1969 I.) ko phAlguna kRSmA sRtIyA, guruvAra ke dina, hastanakSatra, dhRtiyoga aura taitila-karaNa meM niSyanna kiye the| usa avasara para seTha ne tathA vibhinna grAmoM ke aneka dhArmika janoM ne tIrtha ke lie bhUmi Adi ke dAma bhI diye the| 55 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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PRESEXASTE prazasti kI racanA kaviyoM ke kaNThabhUSaNa mAthurasaMghI guNabhadra mahAmuni ne kI thI, jo ki ukta zreSTha lolArka ke guru the| AcArya jinacandra kA bhI vaha bhakta thaa| naigama kAyastha kSiliya ke putra kezava ne use likhA thaa| nAlipa ke putra govinda aura pAhaNa ke putra delhaNa ne seTha dvArA nirmApita kIrti-stambha ke nikaTa yaha prazasti utkIrNa kI thii| mandiroM kA nirmANa sutradhAra (zilpI) harisiMha ke putra pAlhaNa aura pautra nAhaI ne kiyA thaa| uparyukta tIrtha isa seTha ke nAma para 'lolArkavaratIrtha bhI khlaayaa| bahA~ usane zrI jinacandrasUri ke caraNacita bhI sthApita karAye lagate haiN| sana 1170 aura 1175 I. meM bhI bijolyA meM koI pratiSThA Adi dharma-kArya hue the| usa kAla ke anya cauhAna vaMzoM meM prayanapurI (dholakA) kA caNDamahAsena (9422 I.) adhika prasiddha hai aura vaha jainadharma kA bhI poSaka thaa| dillI ke cauhAna bhI jainadharma ke prati asahiSNu nahIM the| nAhaula meM cAhAna rAjya 90 se 1252 I. taka rahA aura isa ghaza ke lAkhA, dAdarAya, azvarAja, ahaladeva, kalhaNa, gajesiMha, kRtipAla Adi rAje jaina the| azvarAja parama jinabhakta thA aura usane apane rAjya meM pazuhiMsA para pratibandha lagA diyA thaa| usakI pu ahiladeva apane pitA se bhI adhika utsAhI jaina thA aura bhagavAna mahAvIra kA parama bhakta thaa| usake samaya meM 1161 I. maiM nADaula meM eka pratiSThA huI thI aura svayaM usane 1162 I. meM nAdarA meM eka vizAla mahAvIra-jinAlaya banavAyA thA tathA usake lie katipaya zrAvakoM evaM muniyoM kI sarakSA meM bahuta-sI sampatti dAna kara dI thii| anta meM rAjya kA tyAga karake vaha jainamuni ho gayA thaa| san 1228 I. ke eka tAmrazAsana se usake dAna aura muni ho jAne kA patA calatA hai| uttara pradeza meM AgarA ke nikaTa bandayAera (candrapATha) ke cauhAnavaMza meM sarvaprathama nAma candrapAla kA milatA hai| tadanantara kramazaH bharatapAla, abhayapAla, jAhar3a aura zrIballAla nAma ke rAje 11-12vIM zatI I. meM hue| ye rAje svayaM to jainI zAyada nahIM the, kintu usake poSaka avazya the aura unake mantrI to basabara jaina hI hote rhe| abhayapAla kA mantrI seTha amRtapAla thA jisane candavAr3a meM eka jinamandira danavAyA thaa| jAhaTa kA mantrI sodU sAhu thaa| yaha cauhAna vaMza Age bhI 16vIM zatAbdI taka calatA rhaa| isI kI eka zAkhA iTAvA jile ke asAIkher3A meM sthApita thii| usa sthAna se bhI 11vIM-12vIM zatI kI kaI jina-mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiN| svayaM baMza-saMsthApaka candrapAla ne aura usake lamecUjAtIya jaina dIvAna rAmasiMha-hArula ne 196 aura 999 I. meM apane iSTadeva candraprabhu kI sphaTika kI pratimA candrapATa meM apane banAye mandira meM pratiSThApita kI thii| isI nagara meM 1173 I. meM mAthuravaMzI nArAyaNasAhU kI deva zAstra-guru-bhakta bhAryA rUpiNI ne zrutapaMcamIyata ke phala ko prakaTa karanevAlI bhaviSyadatta kathA kavi zrIdhara se likhavAyI thii| uttara bhArata :: 227

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dillI ke tomara dillI, dillI, joginapura (yoginIpura) Adi nAmoM se prasiddha madhyakAla ke prArambha se Ajaparvamta rahanevAlI bhArata kI rAjadhAnI dillI kI prasiddhi sarvaprathama tomara rAjAoM ke samaya meM huii| isa ghaMza kA saMsthApaka 4vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM rANA bAjU thaa| usakA athavA usake uttarAdhikArI kA nAma anaMgapAla prathama ghA, jisane 795 I. meM yaha nagara basAyA thaa| isa vaMza meM aneka rAje hue jo jainadharma ke prati sahiSNu the| _anaMgapAla tRtIya-dillI kA tomara nareza | 192 I. meM vidyamAna thaa| usake samaya meM dillI meM kaI jinamandira bane / usakA rAjya mantrI naTTalasAhu bar3A dharmAtmA zrAvaka thA, aura usake Azraya meM kavi zrIdhara ne apanA apabhraMza bhASA kA pAsaNAha-caritra racA thaa| nahalasAhu-dillI ke anaMgapAla tRtIya tomara kA rAjyaseTha naTTalasAhu, jo sambhavatayA rAjA kA eka mantrI yA amAtya bhI thA, zrI agravAla-kula-kamala-mitra (sUrya), nirmala-guNa-ratnarAzi, zubhadharma-karma meM pravRtti karanevAle sAhu jejA kI zIlaguNAlaMkRta lajjAvatI tathA bAndhavajanoM ko sukha denevAlI bhAryA bhemar3i se utpanna usakA tRtIya putra thaa| usake do bar3e bhAI rAhava (rAdhava) aura soDhala the| sAha nahala apane kula-kamalAkara kA rAjahaMsa, guNanidhAna, ralatraya kA dhArI, paradoSa prakAzana se virakta, caturvidhadAna-taspara, paranArI-rati se cirata, rUpavAna, apane baccana kA pakkA, kIrtivAn, sadarzanAmRta pAna-puSTa, uttamadhI, jinabhakta, vidyArasika, dhamAtmA zrAvaka aura dhanakuvera thaa| usakA vyApAra deza-videza meM dUra-dUra taka phailA thaa| usake donoM bhAI bhI bar3e vidhArasika aura dharmAtmA the| usa samaya hariyANA kA nivAsI. golhapitA aura yIlhA mAtA kA putra, agravAlakula meM hI utpanna zrIdhara nAma kA sukavi thaa| usane 'candrapramu-caritra' kI racanA kI thii| use lekara yamunAnadI pAra karake vaha dillI meM AyA, jo sudRr3ha durgA, gopuroM, mandiroM, maThoM, hATa-bAz2AroM, udyAna-vATikAoM Adi se suzobhita sundara mahAnagarI thii| vahA~ hammIravIra kA damana karanevAlA prabala pratApI anaMgapAla naranAtha rAjya karatA thaa| yahA~ usakI bheMTa alhAgasAhu nAmaka zrAvaka seTa se huI jise kavi ne apanA 'candrapramacaritra' sunaayaa| use sunakara ahaNa bahuta prasanna huA aura usane kavi ko nalasAhu se milaayaa| naTTalasAhu ke udAra Azraya meM rahate hue usake anurodha para kavi ne 132 I. meM apane prasiddha pArzvanAtha caritra' kI racanA kI thii| usI samaya ke lagabhaga nalasAhu ne dillI meM bhagavAna AdinAtha (RSabhadeva) kA atyanta bhavya, kalApUrNa evaM vizAta mandira nirmANa karAkara usakI pratiSThA karAyI thii| isa jina-mandira tathA usake AsapAsa sthita anya jaina evaM hindU mandiroM ko dhvasta karake unakI sAmagrI se hI 224 :: pramukha motihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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SAML 18.18 13vIM zatI ke prArambha meM dillI ke prathama sultAna gulAmavaMzI kutubuddIna aibaka ne yahA~ kumcatula-islAma masjida banavAyI thii| isa masajida ke bhagnAvazeSa kutubamInAra ke nikaTa vidyamAna haiM aura unameM Aja bhI ukta jinandira ke aMza spaSTa lakSita haiN| madanapAla tomara-anaMgapAla caturtha kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI, isa vaMza kA dillI kA antima nareza thA. yaha zvetAmbarAcArya yugapradhAna jinadattasUri ke paTTadhara maNidhArI jimacandrasUri kA parama bhakta thaa| yaha bar3e prabhAnaka AcArya the aura alpa daya meM hI dillI meM unakA svargavAsa 116 I. meM huA thaa| isake chor3e samaya uparAnta usI varSa unake bhakta isa rAjA kA bhI dehAnta ho gyaa| sUrijI ke samAdhimaraNa ke sthAna para zrAvakoM ne bar3e samAroha ke sAtha unakA antyeSTi saMskAra karake eka stUpa kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha sthAna aba bhI 'bar3e dAdAjI ke nAma se prasiddha hai| sUrijI ne dillI meM eka posahasAlA bhI sthApita kI thii| dillI meM kulacandra, lohada, pAlhaNa Adi unake aneka bhakta zrAvaka the| kulacandra to atyanta nidhana thA aura unakI kRpA se karor3apati ho gayA thA, vaha unakA ananya bhakta thaa| madanapAla tomara kI sthiti itihAsa meM kucha sandigdha hai| anaMgapAla ke uparAnta pRthvIrAja cauhAna kA hI ullekha milatA hai| sambhava hai ki sauhAnoM kA dillI rAjya para adhikAra hone aura pRthvIrAja ke yahA~ Akara rahane lagane ke madhya, tIna cAra varSa, yaha madanapAla tomara sthAnApanna zAsaka rahA ho| dhArA ke paramAra rAje upendra aparanAma kRSNarAja yA gajarAja ne 9vIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM mAlavA deza ko dhArAnagarI meM paramAra rAjya kI sthApanA kI thii| usakA uttarAdhikArI sIyaka dvitIya upanAma harSa pratApI nareza aura svatantra rAjya kA svAmI thaa| apane poSita putra muMja ko rAjya dekara 974 I. ke lagabhaga sIyaka paramAra ne eka jainAcArya se muni dIkSA lekara zeSa jIvana eka jaina sAdhu ke rUpa meM vyatIta kiyA thaa| vAvapatisajja muMja aparamAma utpalarAja banA vIra, parAkramI, kavi aura vidyApremI thaa| prabandhacintAmaNi Adi jaina granthoM meM muMja ke sambandha meM aneka kathAe~ milatI haiN| aneka saMskRta kaviyoM kA yaha prazrayadAtA thA, jinameM jaina kavi dhanapAla bhI thaa| jainAcArya mahasena aura amitagati kA vaha bahuta sammAna karatA thaa| unhoMne usake Azrama meM kaI grantha bhI race the| muMja jainI thA yA nahIM, kintu jainadharma kA poSaka ayazya thaa| san 495 I, ke lagabhaga usakI mRtyu huii| usakA uttarAdhikArI usakA anuja sindhula yA sindhurAja (996-1009 I.), jisake viruda kumAranArAyaNa aura naya-sAhasAMka the, 'pradhumnacarita' ke kartA muni mahasena kA guruvat Adara karatA thaa| usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI bhojadeva paramAra (1010-1053 I.) prAcIna vIra vikramAditya kI hI bhauti bhAratIya loka-kathAoM kA eka prasiddha nAyaka hai| vaha vIra, pratApI aura uttara bhArata :: 229

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CONNXXVID parAkramI hone ke sAtha-hI-sAtha parama vidvAna, sukAMce, kalAmamaMjJa, vidvAnoM kA prazrayadAtA aura jainadharma kA poSaka thaa| usake samaya meM dhArAnagarI digambara jainadharma kA eka pramukha kendra yI aura rAjA jaina muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM kA dhar3A Adara karatA thaa| amitagati, mANikyAmandi, nayanandi, mahApaNDita pradhAcandra Adi aneka granthoM ke racayitA diggaja jainAga hai paramAra zraddhadeva meha azA sammAna prApta kiyA yaa| AcArya zAnti sena ne to usakI rAjasabhA meM aneka ajaina vidvAnoM ko zAstrAtha meM parAjita kiyA thaa| dhanapAla Adi kaI gRhastha jaina kadi aura vidvAn bhI bhojadeva ke Azrita the, aura usakA senApati kulacandra bhI jaina thaa| isa rAjA ne jaina-mandiroM kA nirmANa bhI karAyA batAyA jAtA hai| usa kAla meM pratiSThApila aneka jaina mUrtiyA~ mAlayA pradeza meM yatra-tantra prApta hotI haiN| rAjadhAnI dhArAnagarI ko bhojadeva ne aneka sundara bhavanoM se alaMkRta kiyA thaa| vahA~ sarasvatI-mandira yA zAradA sadana nAmaka eka mahAna vidyApITha kI bhI sthApanA kI thI aura betavA nadI se pAnI kATakara bhIjasAgara (bhopAla-tAla) kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| bhoja kA uttarAdhikArI jayasiMha prathama (1053-1050 I.) bhI vidvAnoM kA prazrayadAtA thaa| jaina paNDita nayanandi ne apanA 'sudarzanacaritra usake samaya meM dhArA meM racA thaa| tadanantara paramAra zakti nirbala aura sImita ho gyii| rAjA naravarmadeva (II4-1107 I.) bhI vIra yoddhA aura jainadharma kA anurAgI thaa| ujjaina ke mahAkAla-mandira meM jainAcArya ratnadeva kA zaivAcArya vidyAzivavAdI ke sAtha zAstrArtha usI ke samaya meM huA thaa| isa rAjA ne jaina yati samudraghoSa aura zrIvallabhasari kA bhI sammAna kiyA thaa| usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI yazodharmadeva ne bhI jainadharma aura jaina guruoM kA Adara kiyA thaa| jinacandra nAmaka eka jaina ko usane apane gujarAta prAnta kA zAsaka niyukta kiyA thaa| tadanantara paramAranareza bindhyavarmA, subhaTavarmA, anivA, devapAla aura jaitugideva ne AcAryakalpa paM. AzAdhara pramRti aneka jaina vidvAnoM ko Azraya diyA thA aura unakA sammAna kiyA thaa| usa kAla se, 1166 meM mAlava pradeza ke bamyAgaMja nAmaka sthAna meM kalikAla ke kalmaSa kA dhvaMsa karanevAle aura rAjAoM dvArA sammAnita lokanandi muni ke praziSya tathA saMgha-tilaka, dharmajJAna taponidhi devanandi muni ke ziSya rAmacandramuni ne eka sundara jinAlaya vanavAyA thaa| yaha bar3e tapasvI, satvaniSTha aura kIrtivAn the| aneka rAjA inake caraNa pUjate the| paNDitapravara AzAdhara--mUlataH sapAdalakSya ke bhUSaNa zAkambharI ke antargata maNDalagar3ha durga ke nivAsI the| yaha jainadharmAnuyAyI vyAghrarathAla (bagheravAla) vaMzI zrAvaka the| inake pitA sallakSaNa mANDalagar3ha ke durgapati yA uccapadastha karmacArI the aura inakI jananI kA nAma ratnI thaa| aba 1193 I. meM mohammada gorI ne pRthvIrAja kA anta karake aura dillI para adhikAra kara lene ke uparAnta ajamera para car3hAI karake O AX00000ALLdatidad-4100 -womdanuroo000 s adimamikixitDREASEASURUPEECCASIM ..1111.15 .... .. .nauta..... .. 2.30 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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lUTamAra macAyI aura usa pradeza para bhI adhikAra kara liyA thA to sallakSaNa ne apane parivAra evaM anya aneka vyaktiyoM sahita janmabhUmi kA parityAga karake dhArAnagarI meM paramAra narezoM ke Azraya meM zaraNa lii| sallakSaNa ne apanI yogyatA se dhArAdhIza ko prasanna kara liyA aura rAjya sevA meM niyukta ho gye| dhIre-dhIre unnati karake rAjA arjunadarmA (1210-1218 I.) ke samaya meM vaha mAlavarAjya ke sandhivigrahika mantrI (pararASTra saciva) ho gye| svayaM AzAdhara ne dhArA meM Akara paNDita mahAvIra jaise vidvAnoM ke nikaTa apanI zikSA pUrI kI aura apane adhyavasAya se farar-viSaya-pada prakANDa vidvAn bana gye| unakI patnI sarasvatI unakI yathArtha anugAminI thii| rAjadhAnI dhArA ke kolAhala se bacane ke lie aura zAntipUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM sAhitya sAdhanA karane ke uddezya se AzAdhara ne nikaTavartI nalakacchapura ( nAlachA ) ko apanA AvAsa banAyA, vahA~ apanA eka vizAla vidyApITha sthApita kiyA aura ekacitta ho grantha-racanA meM juTa gye| unhoMne lagabhaga 1225 I. se 1245 I. ke bIca vividha viSayaka sAdhika cAlIsa grantha race / naya- vizva-nakSu, prajJApuMja, kavirAja, kavi kAlidAsa, sarasvatIputra, AcArya- kalpa, sUriM Adi aneka sArthaka viruda inheM tatkAlIna jaina aura ajaina vidvAnoM se prApta hue the| paNDitajI ke aneka ziSya aura bhakta the jinameM gRhastha zrAvaka hI nahIM, tyAgI aura muni bhI the| inameM udayasena muni, vAdIndra vizAlakIrti, jinheM paNDitajI ne nyAya - zAstra kA adhyayana karAyA thA aura unheM aneka pratidvandviyoM para vAdavijaya karane meM samartha banAyA thA, zAsana-caturviMzatikA ke kartA yatipati madanakIrti, paM. devacandra jinheM paNDitajI ne vyAkaraNazAstra meM pAraMgata kiyA thA, bhaTTAraka vinayacandra jinheM paNDitajI ne dharma-zAstra kA adhyayana karAyA thA aura jinakI preraNA para unhoMne svayaM iSTopadeza - TIkA kI racanA kI thI, bhavya kaNThAbharaNa - pA~cakA, purudevacampU aura munisuvrata-kAvya ke racayitA kavi ahadAsa jinheM paNDitajI kI uktiyoM, sUktiyoM aura sadgranthoM se bodha evaM sanmArga prApta huA thA, aura paM. jAjAka jinake nitya svAdhyAya ke lie paNDitajI ne triSaSTi-smRtizAstra kI racanA kI thI, ityAdi pramukha haiN| rAjya ke pradhAnAmAtya vilhareate aura bAla-sarasvatI mahAkavi madanopAdhyAya jaise ajaina prakANDa vidvAnoM ne AzAdharajI kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| khaNDelavAla zrAvaka alhaNa ke prapautra, pApA ke pautra, padmasiMha ke bhatIje, bahudeva ke putra aura udayadeva evaM stambhadeva ke jyeSTha bhrAtA dharmAtmA haradeva, paurapadAnvaya (paravAra yA poravAr3a) ke samuddhara zreSTha ke putra mahIcandra sAhu, khaNDelavAla zrAvaka kelhaNa zrAvaka dhanacandra tathA khaNDelavAla zrAvaka mahaNa aura kamalazrI ke putra dhInAka unake gRhastha bhaktoM meM pramukha the, jinakI preraNA para AzAdharajI ne vibhinna grantha rathe the| svayaM AzAdhara ke putra chAr3a apane pitAmaha mantrIvara sallakSaNa ke prazikSaNa meM rahakara rAjA arjunavarmA ke priya pAtra the / uttara bhArata 231

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antima jIvana meM paNir3hatapravara AzAdharajI saMsAra-daMDa-bhoga se virakta udAsIna tyAgI vratI zrAvaka ke rUpa meM AtmasAdhana meM rata rhe| gvAliyara ke kacchapadhAta rAje gvAliyara pradeza ke kacchapaghAta (yA kacchapaghaTa) vaMzI rAjAoM meM 10vIM zatI I. ke madhya ke lagabhaga mAdhava kA nAma sarvaprathama milatA hai| sambhavatayA bahI gurjara-pratihAra bhoja ke sAmanta ke rUpa meM isa vaMza evaM rAjya kA saMsthApaka thaa| usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI mahocandra ne 956 I. meM suhoniyA nAmaka sthAna meM vipula dravya vyaya karake eka jinamandira banAyA thaa| isI vaMza meM mahArAjAdhirAja bajradAmana ne 977 I. meM suhoniyA meM hI eka jinamandira pratiSThApita kiyA thaa| yaha nareza parama jaina thaa| suhAniyA kA mUla nAma sudhInapura thA jise gvAliyara ke saMsthApaka rAjA sudhanapAla yA sUrajapAla ne basAyA thA 1 usakI rAnI kokanayatI ne bhI eka vizAla jinamandira yahA~ banavAyA thA, kintu yaha bAdAmana ke bahuta pUrva kI bAta hai| usake samaya ke pUrva se hI vahA~ kaI jinamandira the aura jAyasavAla jainoM kI bastI bhI usa pradeza meM 10vIM 11vIM zatI I. se to thI hii| rAjA vikramasiMha kacchapasiMhadhAta-arjuna bhUpati ke prapautra, bhoja paramAra se prazaMsita rAjA abhimanyu ke pautra aura rAjA vijayapAla ke putra mahArAjAdhirAja vikramasiMha kacchapaghAta ne 1088 I. meM caNDobha (dubakaNDa) meM, jo usakI rAjadhAnI thI, apane rAjya ke dhanI zreSThiyoM dvArA banavAye gaye jimamandira ke lie eka gA~va kI bhUmi, eka puSpodyAna, anAja para laganevAle rAjyakara kA eka aMza, tela ityAdi kA dAna diyA thaa| rAjA svayaM parama jaina thaa| zreSThi dAhaicaNDoma (dUbakuNDa) meM jAyasa se nikalanevAle (jAyasa) vaMza meM utpanna vaNik-zreSTha jAsUka thA jo samyagdRSTi, pAtroM ko caturvidha dAna dene meM sadaiva tatpara, jinendra ke caraNoM kA bhakta-pUjaka, yazasvI, dhanI seTa thA / usakA vaibhavazAlI putra jayadeva thA jo sajjanatA kI sImA thaa| jayadeva kI bhAryA yazomatI striyoM ke rUpa, zIla, kula Adi samasta muNoM se pUrNa thii| isa dampatI ke RSi aura dAhaDa nAma ke do atyanta guNavAna putra the| ve donoM mahArAja vikramasiMha ke ati priyapAna the| ataeva rAjA ne unheM nagaraseTha ke pada para pratiSThita kiyA thaa| lAravargaTa gaccha ke gurudevasena ke praziSya aura dulamasena ke ziSya muni zAntiSaNa ke paTTadhara vijayakIrti muni ke paramAgamasArabhUta dharmopadeza ko sunane se prabodha ko prApta zreSThivara dAhaDa ne tathA unake sAthI anya kaI zreSThi-zrAvakoM ne vicArA ki lakSmI, bandhu-bAndhavoM aura zarIra kA samAgama nAzavAna hai| ataeva dharmAtmA seTha dAhaDa ne, vivekavAn keka, sukRti surpaTa, zuddha dharma-karma dhurandhara devadhara, guNavAn mahIcandra tathA anya bhI kaI dAma-vicakSaNa zrAvakoM ke sahayoga se vaNDobha meM eka atyanta 232 :: pramukha tihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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vizAla (lagamaga 110,100 phuTa kSetraphala kA) evaM pamohara jinamandira banavAyA, usameM bhagavAna RSabhanAtha mani aura dharTI pratimA gAdhara aura sarasvatI devI kI mUrtiyA~ bhI, bar3e samAroha ke sAtha pratiSThApita kI, aura ukta jinezvara mandira meM nityapUjana tathA usake saMrakSaNa ke lie mahArAjAdhirAja vikramasiMha se grAma, vATikA, yAnI, gehU~ ke rAjakara kA aMza, muniyoM ke abhyaMjanArtha do ghar3e niyamita tela Adi kA prabhUta dAna dilAyA, jo dharmAtmA rAjA ce saharSa samarpita kiyaa| yaha dAnotsava 1888 I. ko mAdrapada zuklA tRtIyA, somavAra ke dina sampanna huaa| zuddhadhI udayarAja ne yaha prazasti likhI aura zilAkUTa tIlhaNa ne use aMkita kiyA thaa| usI nagara (dUdhakuNDa) meM kASThAsaMgha ke mahAcArya devasena kA svargavAsa hone para 1095 I. kI vaizAkha sudi paMcamI ke dina unakI caraNapAdukA sasamAroha sthApita kI gayI thii| 12vIM zatI ke madhya ke lagabhaga taka kadachapadhAta rAjAoM kA zAsana gvAliyara pradeza meM salatA rhaa| svayaM gvAliyara ke durga meM unake dvArA pratiSThApita usa kAla kI tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI vizAla pratimA abhI taka vidyamAna hai| vaMza kI eka zAkhA kA zAsana naravara meM thA aura usa kula ke iSTadeva bhagavAna pArzvanAtha the| sambhayattyA gvAliyara kI pratimA naravara ke rAjAoM kI kRti ho| kAlAntara meM mbAlivara ke kacchapadhAtoM ke vaMzaja hI Amera ke kachavAhA rAjapUtoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue| bayAnA ke yAdava vartamAna rAjasthAna ke bharatapura jile ke bayAnA nagara kA mUla nAma zrIpatha thA aura yaha pradeza bhadrAnaka kahalAtA thA, jisakA prAkRta-apabhraza meM bhamaNaya huA aura musalamAnoM ne bhiyAnA yA bayAnA kara diyaa| madhurA (mahAdhana) ke yaduvaMzI rAjA indrapAla yA jayendrapAla (966-992 I.) ke 11 putroM meM se eka vijayapAla thA, jisane mahamUda gajanavI dvArA mathurA kA vidhvaMsa evaM yAdava rAjya kA anta kara diye jAne ke uparAnta bayAnA meM sthatantra rAjya sthApita kiyA aura 1040 I. meM isI pradeza meM viSayamandiragar3ha nAmaka durga kA nirmANa kiyaa| usake 18 putroM meM sarvAdhika pratApI evaM parAkramI tribhuvanapAla (tihaNapAla yA tabanapAla) thA, jisane paramabhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja-paramezvara, upAdhi dhAraNa kI aura bayAnA se 1 mIla pazcima-dakSiNa meM tribhuvanagiridurga (tribhuvanagar3ha, tihanagiri, tAhagar3ha yA tavanagar3ha) nAmaka sudRr3ha kilA' pahAr3a ke Upara nirmANa kiyaa| vaha rAjA jainadharma kA parama poSaka thaa| usI ke samaya meM jAyasavAlavaMzIya painoM ke eka bar3e dala ne usake rAjya meM Azraya liyaa| unameM se kucha ko durga ke andara sthAna milA aura unake vaMzaja upasetiyA khlaaye| jo durga ke bAhara parvata ke nIce thassI meM rahe bai tirotiyA khlaaye| kahA jAtA hai uttara bhArata ::233

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ki eka honahAra jaina yunika ke sAtha rAjA ne apane vaMza kI eka rAjakanyA bhI vivAha dI thii| ye jaisavAla bar3e puruSArthI aura prabhAvazAlI the| AsapAsa ke kaI rAjyoM meM rAjyazreSTi, mantrI Adi pada pAte rhe| kavi lakSmaNa-jaise vidvAn lAhityakAra bhI isa kAla meM unameM hue| zvetAmbara yattiyoM kA bhI isa rAjadhAnI meM AnA-jAnA thA aura 1044 I. meM unhoMne vahA~ koI pratiSThotsava kiyA thaa| ukta durga aura bayAnA meM usa kAla ke digambara jaina-mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ke avazeSa abhI taka prApta hote haiN| tribhuvanapAla kA putra harapAla thA jisakA putra kozapAla thaa| kozapAla kA putra yazapAla isa vaMza kA antima rAjA rahA pratIta hotA hai| 12vIM zatI ke anta meM lagabhaga musalamAnoM ne bayAnA para adhikAra kara liyaa| kAlAntara meM bavAnA ke inhIM yAdoM ke vaMzaja karaulI ke rAjAoM ke rUpa meM cale aaye| alavara ke bar3agUjara 10vIM se 12vIM zatI I. ke madhya kisI samaya baDagujara rAjA bAghasiMha ne (alavara ke nikaTa) rAjagar3ha nAma kA nagara basAkara use apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA aura usake bAhara badholA-bauMdha kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| yaha rAjA jainadharmAnuyAyI rahA pratIta hotA hai| usa kAla kI aneka jaina-mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM ke avazeSa ukta rAjagar3ha ke khaMDaharoM meM prApta hue haiN| sambhavata nahI rAjamaha kara apazAma sAgara.. thaa| rAjA lakSmInivAsa ke rAjyakAla meM kummanagara meM durmadeva ne 'siSTa samuccaya zAstra kI 1032 I. meM racanA kI thI aura kumbhanagara meM hI kAlAntara meM bhImabhUpAla ke samaya meM paM. bogadeva ne 'tattvArtha sUtra-subodhavRtti' kI racanA kI thii| zrAvastI ke dhvajavaMzI rAje prAcIna kosala rAjya kI uttaraktI rAjadhAnI zrAvastI (uttarapradeza ke baharAica jile kA saheTa-maheTa) meM 9vIM-11vIM zatAbdI meM eka jainadharmAnuyAyI vaMza kA rAjya thA, jisameM sudhanvadhvaja, makaradhvaja, haMsadhvaja, moradhvaja, suhiladhvaja aura harisiMhadeva nAma ke rAjA kramazaH hue| yaha yaMza, sambhava hai sarayUpAravatI kanapuriyoM (cediyoM) kI koI zAkhA ho, athavA prAcIna bhara-jAtIya ho / una donoM meM hI jainadharma kI pravRtti thii| moradhvaja kA uttarAdhikArI suhiladhvaja yA suheladeva bar3A vIra aura parAkramI hone ke sAtha hI sAtha jinabhakta thaa| usane 1033 I. ke lagabhaga mahamUda gajanavI ke putra ke sipahasAlAra saiyada-masaUda-gAjI ko baharAica ke bhISaNa yuddha meM burI taraha parAjita karake sasaindha samApta kara diyA batAyA jAtA hai| sthAnIya lokakathAoM aura kiMvadantiyoM meM dhIra suheladeva prasiddha hai aura usase usakA jaima honA bhI prakaTa hai| suheladeva kA pautra harisiMhadeva isa vaMza kA antima nareza thA, jisake sajya kA anta 1134 I. ke lagabhaga kannauja ke gahar3avAloM ne kara diyaa| 25 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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1001 ayodhyA ke zrIvAstava rAje uttarapradeza ke avadha Adi pUrvI bhAgoM meM bahalatA ke sAtha pAyI jAnevAlI kAyasthoM kI prasiddha upajAti zrIvAstava kA nivAsa mUlataH zrAvastI nagarI se huA batAyA jAtA hai| inake eka netA candrasenIya zrIvAstava trilokacandra meM 918 I. meM sarayUnadI ko pAra karake ayodhyA para adhikAra kiyA aura yahA~ apanA vyavasthita rAjya jamAyA thaa| usake vaMzaja vahA~ lagabhaga 300 varSa taka rAjya karate rhe| unake rAjya kA anta 5vIM zatAbdI ke anta ke lagabhaga (1294 I. meM) muhammada gorI ke bhAI makhadUmazAhajUrana gorI ne kiyaa| usI ne ayodhyA kA bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA prAcIna mandira dhvasta karake usake sthAna para masjida banAyI thii| bhagavAna Adideva RSabha ke ukta janmasthAna para, jo 'zAhajUrana kA TIlA' nAma se prasiddha hai, ukta bhagna masjida ke pIche bhagavAna kI ToMka abhI hai| zrI pI. kAranegI (1870 I.) ke anusAra ayodhyA kA yaha sarayUpArI zrIvAstava rAjya-vaMza jaina dharmAnuyAyI thaa| aneka prAcIna dehare (jinAyatana), jo vartamAna kAla meM prApta haiM, ve mUlataH inhIM zrIvAstava rAjAoM ke banavAye hue the; yadyapi idhara unameM se jo bace the unakA jIrNoddhAra ho cukA hai| avadha sajeTiyara (1877 I.) se bhI isa bAdhya kI puSTi hotI hai sItArAma kRta ayodhyA ke itihAsa meM bhI likhA hai ki 'ayodhyA ke zrIvAstava anya kAyasthoM ke saMsarga se bace rahe to madya nahIM pIte aura bahuta kama mAMsAhArI haiN| isI se anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha loga pahale jaina hI the|' avadha Adi ke bhara rAje jisa kAla meM zrAvastI meM dhyaja aura ayodhyA meM zrIvAstava rAjAoM kA zAsana thA, uttarapradeza ke pUrvI jiloM meM aneka sthAnoM para choTe-choTe bhara rAjya sthApita the| ye bhara loga purAne bhAraziva nAgoM ke vaMzaja the, yA anya Adima vAtya jAtiyoM kI santati meM se the, kintu the vIra, svatantratA ke upAsaka aura brAmaNa vidveSI / rAjapUta loga bhI unase ghRNA karate the aura rAjapUtoM evaM musalamAnoM ne milakara hI antataH 14vIM-15vIM zatI taka unakI samasta sattAoM kA anta kara diyaa| phaijAbAda, rAyabarelI, unnAva Adi jiloM se bharoM ke samaya kI aneka jina-mUrtiyA~ milI haiN| a~gareza sarvekSaka kArabhegI, kanidhama Adi kA bhI mata hai ki usa kAla ke ye bhara loga jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| mevAr3a ke guhilota rANA rAjasthAna ke mevAr3a (bhedapATa) pradeza kI purAnI rAjadhAnI cittaur3a (citrakUTapura) prAcIna kAla meM bhI eka prasiddha nagarI thii| AThavIM zatI I. ke madhya taka vahA~ isara bhArata::235

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mauryavaMza kI eka zAkhA kA rAjya rhaa| cittor3a kA antima maurya nareza rAhampadeva thA jo dhavalappadeva kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI aura sambhavatayA una vIrappadeva kA jyeSTha bhrAtA thA jo Age calakara zrIdhavala Adi vizAla Agamika TIkAoM ke kartA vIrasena svAmI ke rUpa meM prasiddha hue / citrakUTapura meM nivAsa karanevAle elAcArya ke nikara inhoMne siddhAnta zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA thA aura tadanantara rASTrakUToM ke rAjya ke antargata vATanagara meM apanA vidyApITha banAyA thA, jahA~ unhoMne apane ukta mahAn granthoM kI racanA kii| rASTrakUTa dantidurga ne rAhappadeva ko parAjita karake usakI zrIvallabha upAdhi aura zvetacchatra bhI apanA liye the| sahampadeva nissantAna thA, ataeva usake pazcAt usakA bhAnajA bappArAvala kAlabhoja upanAma khommaNa prathama, 750 I. ke lagabhaga, cittaur3a kA prathama sUryavaMzI, guhilota evaM sIsodiyA rANA huaa| usake samaya meM cittaur3a ke eka rAjamAnya brAhmaNa vidvAn zvetAmbara AryikA yAkinI - mahattarA ke upadeza se prabhAvita hokara sAdhu ho gaye aura haribhadrasUri ke nAma se prasiddha hue| vahIM ina mahAn AcArya ne saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASAoM meM vividha viSayaka grantha ko bacanA kI cIna meM isa vaMza ke rAjA zaktikumAra ke samaya meM cittaur3a kA sarvaprasiddha jaina javastambha sambhavatayA mUlataH banA thA / rAjAoM kA kuladharma zaiva thA, kintu jainadharma ke prati ke prArambha se anta taka atyanta udAra aura sahiSNu rhe| kaI rAje, rAjavaMza ke kitane hI strI-puruSa tathA mantrI, amAtya, dIvAna, bhaNDArI, sAmanta-saradAra, daNDanAyaka evaM anya karmacAriyoM meM se aneka jainI hote rahe haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki mevAr3a rAjya meM durma kI vRddhi ke lie jaba jaba usakI nIMva rakhI jAtI thI to sAtha hI eka jainamandira banavAne kI prathA thii| cittaur3a ke prAcIna mahaloM ke nikaTa prAcIna jinamandira Aja bhI khar3e haiN| aneka jainamandira mevAr3a narezoM ne svayaM yA apanI anumati se banavAye aura kitane hI jinAyatanoM Adi ke lie dAna diye| mevAr3a ke suprasiddha jainatIrtha kesariyAnAtha RSabhadeva ko jaina hI nahIM, zaiva, vaiSNava aura bhIla loga bhI Ajataka pUjate Ate haiN| sUryAsta ke uparAnta bhojana karanA rAjya bhara meM rAjAjJA dvArA manA thA | jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA rAjya meM nirbAdha vihAra hotA rahA hai| yaha rAjavaMza aneka utthAna - patanoM ke bIca se hotA huA vartamAna paryanta calA hai aura madhyakAla meM to bahudhA rAjapUta rAjyoM kA ziramaura rahA hai| mevAr3a ke rAhar3apura evaM naloTakapura ke nivAsI seTha nemakumAra bar3e dharmAtmA, vidvAn, dAnI aura yazasvI the| unhoMne neminAtha evaM pArzvanAtha ke do mandira banavAye the| unake bar3e bhAI rAhar3a ne 22 jinamandira banavAye the| nemakumAra ke putra vAgbhaTa ne 12vIM zatI meM 'chando'nuzAsana' kI racanA kI thii| 236 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ithUNDI ke rAThaur3a rAje rAjasthAna ke hathUNDI (hastikuNDI) nAmaka nagara meM 10vIM zatAbdI meM rAThaur3avaMzI jaina dharmAnuyAyI rAjapUta rAjAoM kA zAsakathA sambhalakA ye rAja ke rASTrakUToM kI hI kisI zAkhA se sambandhita the| dasavIM zatI ke prArambha meM hathUNDI kA rAThaur3anareza vidagdharAja jainadharma kA parama bhakta thaa| usane 916 I. meM apanI rAjadhAnI haNDI meM tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kA vizAla mandira banavAyA thA aura usake lie puSkala bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| usake guru balabhadra yA vAsudevasUri the| isa rAjA ne svayaM ko svarNa se tulavAkara vaha sArA sonA ukta mandira evaM svaguru ko dAna kara diyA thaa| usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI mahArAja mammaTa ne bhI 999 I. meM ukta jinAlaya ke lie vipula dravya dAna kiyA thA aura usane apane pitA dvArA pradatta dAna- zAsana kI bhI puSTi kI thii| mammaTa kA putra mahArAja dhavala bhI parama jinabhakta thaa| usane 997 I. meM uparyukta mandira kA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| usameM bhagavAn RRdeva kI eka navIna pratimA pratiSThApita kI aura usake lie dAna diyA thaa| isa rAjA ke guru vAsudevasUri ke ziSya zAntibhadrasUri the aura kinhIM sUrAcArya ne usakI dAna- prazasti likhI thii| jainadharma kI prabhAvanA ke lie isa nareza ne anya bhI aneka kArya kiye the| arthaNA kA bhUSaNa seTha rAjasthAna ke sthAle pradeza meM talapATaka nAma kA sundara nagara thA / vahA~ nAgaravaMza ke tilaka, azeSa-zAstrAmbudhi, jinakI asthi majjA jainendrAgama kI vAsanA ke rasAmRta se ota-prota thI, aise ambara nAma ke gRhastha vaidyarAja the jo saMyamI evaM dezavratI the| vaha SaTAvazyaka karmoM kA niSThApUrvaka pAlana karate the| unakI upAsanA ke phalasvarUpa unheM cakrezvarIdevI siddha ho gayI thI, jisake pratApa se unhoMne aneka camatkArI ilAja kiye the| unake suputra pApAka vimala buddhivAle zruta ke rahasya ke jJAtA, sampUrNa Ayurveda meM pAraMgata aura anukampApUrvaka vibhinna rogoM se pIr3ita rogIjanoM ko nIroga karane meM dakSa the| unake Aloka, sAhasa aura lalluka nAma ke tIna zAstra - vizArada suputra hue| unameM jyeSTha Aloka sahaja vizada prajJA se bhAsamAna, sakala itihAsa evaM tattvArtha ke jJAlA saMvega Adi guNoM ke samyak prabhAva kI abhivyakti, dAnI, apane parivAra ke AdhAra, sAdhusevI, sabako Ananda denavAle, bhogI aura yogI eka sAtha the| vaha madhurAnvayarUpI AkAza ke sUrya tathA apane vyAkhyAnoM se samasta sabhAjanoM kA raMjana karanevAle zrI chatrasenaguru ke caraNAravinda ke ananya bhakta the| ina Aloka kI prazasta amala zIlavatI helA nAma kI zreSTha dharmapatnI thI aura usase unake naya- vivekavanta tIna putraratna utpanna hue, jinake nAma uttara bhArata 237

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AAAAAM umuasanAlagaNanAupyumaunAlA kramazaH bAhuka, bhUSaNa aura lAnAka the| inameM pAraka yA dAhaka gurujanoM ke bhakta aura aise kuzAgrabuddhi the ki jinavANI-viSadhaka unake prazmajAla meM gaNadhara bhI vimugdha ho jAe~, aura kisI kI lo bAta kyA? karAmAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga-viSayaka aneka zAstroM meM pravINa, indriya-viSaya-tyAgI, dAna-tatpara, zamaniyamitacitta, saMsAra se virakta aura upAsakIya vratoM ke dhArI the| bAhuka kI sIDakA nAma kI patnI thI aura ambaTa nAma kA zubha lakSaNacAlA putra thaa| bAhuka ke choTe (majhate) bhAI saMsAra prasiddha bhUSaNa the jo kalyANa ke pAtra, sarasvatI ke krIr3Agari, amala-buddhi, kSamAvalyA-kanda, sakriya kRpA ke nilaya, kAmadeva-jaise rUpavAn baliSTha, kavara ke samAna sampattizAlI, vivekavAn, gambhIracita, vidyAdhara-jaise, jainendrazAsana-sarovara-rAjahaMsa, munIndrapAdakamalaDhya-caMcarIka, azeSa-zAstra-sAgara meM avagAhana karanevAle, sImantinI-nayanakairava-dhArucandra, vidagdha-janavallabha, sarasa sAra-zRMgAravAnudAra-carita, subhaga, saumyamUrti, sudhI, sabako sukha denevAle, bhayaMkara vipatti meM bhI sthirapati rahanevAle aura vaibhava ke zikhara para rahate hue bhI atyanta vinatA yA koka bhUSaNa kI lakSmI aura sIlI nAma kI caritraguNa-bhUSita evaM pativratA do bhAyAe~ thiiN| sAlI se bhUSaNa ke Aloka, sAdhAraNa, zAnti Adi putra hue jo suyogya, guru-deva bhakta aura svabandhu-citAjavikAsabhAnu the| bhuSaNa kA choTA bhAI lallAka nilna deva pUjA karanevAlA aura apane mAI (bhUSaNa) kA AjJAkArI thaa| apane isa bhare-pUre parivAra meM sAMsArika sukhoM kA upabhoga karale eA bhUSaNA se ne cintayana kiyA ki Aya to lupta-lohe para bar3I jalabindu ke samAna nazvara hai aura lakSmI vipakarNa se bhI adhika caMcalA hai, ataeva zAstroM se sAta sunizcita rUpa se jAnakara ki apane vaza kI sthAyI banAne aura paramArtha sAdhane kA upAya pRthvI kA AbhUSaNa ho aisA jinagRha banAyA jAe, bhUSaNa ne iNaka nagara (garapura kA adhUNA nAmaka sthAna) meM zrI vRSabhanAtha bhagavAn kA bhavya jinAlaya nirmANa karAkara vi. saM. 1166 (san 1109 I.) kI vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA (akSaya tRtIyA) somavAra ke dina usameM bhagavAn kI pratimA pratiSThApita kii| usa samaya ukta pradeza para dhArAdhipa sindhurAja paramAra ke maNDalIka kanha ke pautra aura yAmurASTrarAja ke putra vijayarAja kA zAsana thA, jo svayaM sambhavatayA paramAravaMzIya hI thaa| zrAvaka bhUpaNa kI isa prazasti ko budha kaTuka ne tathA bhAilavaMzI dvija sAva ke putra bhAduka ne racA thA, balabhI kArastha rAjapAla ke patra sandhivigrahika-mantrI vAsava ne use likhA ra rajisTrI kiyA thA, aura vaijJAnika sUmAka ne use uttIrNa kiyA thaa| sindha deza sindha prAnta aba pAkistAna) meM gaur3I-pArzvanAtha kA prasiddha jaina tIrtha shyaa| vahA~ pauranagara (pArakara ke soDavaMzI rAjapUta rAje 11vIM-12vIM zatI meM jaina the aura 298 :: pramurata ginAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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gaur3I-pAzrdhanAzca unake kuladevatA the| mulatAna (mUlasthAna) nagara bhI jainoM kA prasiddha kendra thA aura Adhunika yuga taka-pAkistAna anane ke pUrva taka banA rahA baMgAla is .. bAneza AAYATRINA kA gar3ha rhaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne isa prAnta ke samattara (yAghrataTI) puNDravardhana, tAmralipti Adi sthAnoM meM aneka jinamandira aura nirgandha (digambara jaina) sAdhu dekhe the| puNTravardhana se prApta prAcIna khaNDita jinapratimA, caTagA~va jile ke sItAkuNDa ke nikaTa candraprabhu aura sambhavanAtha ke prasiddha prAcIna mandira, Tipasa jile meM kamillA ke nikaTa sthita mainAvatI aura lAlamAI kI pahAr3iyoM meM vidyamAna prAcIna jinamandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa, bA~kuDA kSite meM vardamAna (bardhamAna) aura Asanasola ke madhya prAcIna jaina stUpoM ke Upara nirmita IMToM kA sundara banA prAcIna mandira jisameM zivamUrti ke sAtha tIrthaMkara pArva kI prAcIna mUrti aba bhI vidhamAna hai, choTAnAgapura meM dulamI, devalI, suisA, pAkabIsa Adi sthAnoM meM tathA AsapAsa aneka prAcIna jainamandira, jimapratimAe~, yakSa-yakSiNioM kI mUrtiyoM Adi, aura iMgavala-vihAra-ur3IsA ke kaI bhAgoM meM prAcIna jaina zrAvakoM ke vaMzaja sarAkajAti ke loga, usa prAnta meM prAcIna kAla meM jainadharma ke vyApaka prasAra ke sUcaka haiN| baMgadeza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM bikhare uparyukta jaina avazeSa IsavI sana ke prArambha se lekara 10voM-11vIM zatAbdI paryanta kaliMgadeza kaliMgadeza (ur3IsA) ati prAcIna kAla se jainadharma kA gar3ha rahatA AyA thaa| jaina samrAT pAhAmeghavAhana aila khAraghela ke pazcAt vahA~ lagabhaga do-tIna zatAbdiyoM taka usake vaMzajJoM kA rAjya calatA rhaa| IsavI sana kI prathama zatAbdI meM unakI do zAkhAe~, eka kapilapura meM aura dUsarI siMhapura meM sthApita thIM, jinakI ApasI phUTa kA lAbha uTAkara sAtavAhanoM ne isa prAnta para adhikAra kara liyA thaa| dUsarI zatI I. ke anta ke lagamaga kaliMga meM ikSvAku vaMza kA rAjya sthApita huaa| lagabhaga cauthI zatAbdI taka vahA~ jainadharma hI pradhAna banA rahA / bauddha grantha dAyAza ke anusAra ukta zatI meM hue kaliMganareza guhAziva ne jainadharma kA parityAga karake yauddhadharma aMgIkAra kiyA thA aura kahA jAtA hai ki usane saya nirgranthoM ko deza se bAhara nikAla diyA thaa| kintu niSkAsana alpakAlIma hI rahA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki vIM zatAbdI meM henasAMga ne kaliMga meM jainadharma aura usake nindha muniyoM kI vidyamAnatA kA ullekha kiyA hai| jainasAhitya ke anusAra usa kAla meM purI jile kA kendrIya nagara puriya (purimA yA purI) apanI 'jIvitasvAmI' pratimA ke lie prasiddha thaa| aramArata ::239

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lagabhaga chaThI-sAtavoM zatAbdI ke bAppapara-zilAlekha meM prakaTa haiM ki usa samaya kaoNlaga" ke zailodbhavavaMzI nareza dharmarAja kI rAnI kalyANadevI ne dhArmika kAryoM ke lie eka jaina muni ko bhUmidAna diyA thaa| nizIthapUrNi ke anusAra pUrI eka prasiddha jalapaTTaNa (bandaragAha) aura samudrI vyApAra kA pradhAna kendra thaa| isI prakAra kAMcanapura bhI siMhaladvIpa Adi ke sAtha vyApAra kA pramukha kendra thaa| pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI meM kaliMgadeza meM cAra rAjyavaMzoM kA udaya huaa| pahalA pUrvI-gaMgoM kA thA jo karNATaka ke pazcimI gaMgoM kI hI eka zAkhA thii| yaha vaMza kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM madhyakAla taka calatA rahA aura jaina ne hote hue bhI jainadharma ke prati sahiSNu thaa| dUsarA vaMza tosAle ke bhaumakaroM kA thaa| kiyoMjhara kA bhaMjI-rAjya unhIM kI santatti meM huaa| isa rAjya ke Anandapura tAluke meM nagara se 10 mIla dUra bana meM siMgADi aura badakhiyA nAma kI prAcIna bastiyoM haiM, jinake AsapAsa dhanoM aura pahAr3iyoM meM jaina tIrthaMkaroM evaM devI-devatAoM kI prAcIna mUrtiyoM, mandiroM, smArakoM, sarovaroM Adi ke bhagnAvazeSa prApta hue haiN| jaina anuzrutiyoM meM varNita RSilajhAma, jo vArSika aSTAtikotsava ke lie prasiddha thA, vahIM rahA pratIta hotA hai| tIsarA vaMza kauMgada ke zailodbhava narezoM kA thaa| isI vaMza ke AThaveM rAjA mahAbhIta dharmarAja kI rAnI kalyANadevI dvArA jaina muniyoM ko dAna dene kA Upara ullekha kiyA gayA hai| cauthA vaMza kaliMgadezAntargata kosata ke somaziyoM kA thaa| isa vaMza kI prathama zAkhA ne 4thI se 6ThI zatI pardhanta aura dUsarI ne chaThI se 12vIM zatI paryanta rAjya kiyaa| henasAMga ne apane vRttAnta meM isI vaMza ke kaliMga nareza kA varNana kiyA hai| akalaMkadeva sambandhI jaina anuzruti kA trikaliMgAdhipati himazItala isa vaMza kA rAjA rahA pratIta hotA hai| rAjA himazItala-jainAcArya akalakadeva ke samaya (7vIM zatI I. ke madhyottara kAla) meM kaliMganareza mahArAjAdhirAja himazItala thaa| vaha bauddhoM ke mahAyAnI sampradAya kA anuyAyI thA, kintu usakI rAjamahiSo madanAvatI parama jinabhakta thii| eka samaya jaba yaha ur3IsA ke hIrakataTa para sthita apanI uparAjadhAnI ranasaMghayapura meM nivAsa kara rahA thA to kArtikI aSTAhikA nikaTa thii| mahArAnI tathA usake prazraya meM sthAnIya jainoM ne parva ko vizAla rathottaya dvArA samArohapUrvaka manAne kA vicAra kiyA, kintu rAjA ke bauddha guru isa kArya meM bAdhaka hue| antataH rAjA ne nirNaya diyA ki yadi koI jaina vidvAn bauddha vidvAnoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kara deMge to jainoM ko apanA utsava manAne aura raSa nikAlane kI anumati de dI jaaegii| rAnI tathA anya jainIjana bar3e cintita hue| unake saubhAgya se usI samaya nagara ke bAhara udyAna meM mahArASTra ke diggaja jainAcArya bhaTAkalaMkadeva padhAre the| rAnI ke sAtha zrAvaka loga turanta unake darzanArtha vahA~ gaye aura unase apanI samasyA nivedana kii| AcArya ne bauddhoM kI cunautI svIkAra kI himazItala nareza kI rAjasabhA meM yaha zAstrArtha sora zora ke sAtha calA- koI kahate haiM ki chaha mahIne taka claa| bauddhAcArya ghaTa 240 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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meM sthApita tArAdevI kI sahAyatA se zAstrArtha kara rahe the| anta meM akalaMkadeva ne tArA kA visphoTa karake bauddhoM ko zAstrArtha meM pUrNatayA parAjita kiyaa| rAjA bar3A prabhAvita huA aura usane tathA usake aneka prajAjanoM ne jainadharma aMgIkAra kara liyA pariNAma oka ghor3A sudUrapUrva ke bhAratIya rAjyoM evaM upanivezoM meM cale gye| jainoM ne bar3e utsAha se yaha vijayotsava evaM apanA dharmotsava mnaayaa| AcArya akalakadeva ne vApasa svadeza pahu~cakara apane bhakta vAtApI ke pazcimI cAlukya nareza sAhasatuMga, sambhavatayA vikramAditya prathama ( 643-680 I.) ko, jainadharma kI rakSArtha kyoM aura kaise unhoMne yaha vAdavijaya kI thI, usakA varNana sunAyA thaa| kaliMgadeza kA uparyukta rAjA himazItala somavaMzI trikaliMgAdhipati tige mahAbhagupta saturtha pratIta hotA hai / kaliMganareza udyotakesarI lalATendu- 11vIM zatAbdI meM kaliMga kA prasiddha jaina nareza udyotakesarI vA jo dezIgaNAcArya bhaTTAraka kulacandra ke ziSya khalla zubhacandra kA bhakta evaM gRhastha-ziSya thA / ur3IsA kI udayagiri-khaNDayiri kI guphAoM meM isa nareza ke rAjyakAla ke 5veM varSa se 18veM varSa taka ke kaI zilAlekha mile haiN| usake 5veM varSa ke lalATenduyuphA (yA sindharAjaguphA) ke lekha ke anusAra isa rAjA ne suprasiddha kumArIparvata para naSTa sarovaroM evaM jinamandiroM kA punarnirmANa karAke vahA~ 24 tIrthakaroM kI pratimAe~ pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| usane khaNDagiri kI navamuniguphA meM apanI-apanI yakSiyoM (zAsana deviyoM) sahita dasa tIrthaMkAroM kI pratimAe~ utkIrNa karAyIM aura bArabhujIguphA meM caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM ko unakI pRthak-pRthak vakSiyoM sahita mUrtiyA~ aMkita kraayii| hanumAnaguphA meM bhI prAyaH usI kAla ke mUrtAMkana hai| muktezvara mandira kI cahAradIvArI kI bAharI ravikAoM para utkIrNa tIrthakara pratimAe~ bhI prAyaH usI kAla kI haiN| rAjA ke guru kulacandra aura khalla - zubhacandra bhI inhIM guphAoM meM nivAsa karate the| eka lekha meM ina zubhacandra ke chAtra vijI kA bhI ullekha hai| sambhavatayA ur3IsA (kaliMga) kA vaha parama jaina nareza udyotakesarI lalATenDa somavaMzI hI thaa| mahAkosala ke kalacuri rAje kaliMga ke pazcimI bhAga arthAt dakSiNa kosala, vidarbha aura madhya pradeza ke kucha bhAgoM se mahAkosala rAjya kA nirmANa huA thaa| magadha ke nanda, maurya Adi samrAToM ke pazcAt kaliMga cakravartI khAravela aura usake vaMzajoM kA tadanantara Andhra sAtavAhanoM kA isa pradeza para adhikAra rahA, jinake uparAnta vakATakoM kA rAjya urI se 5vIM zatI paryanta claa| sambhavatayA kATakoM ke sAmantoM ke rUpa meM hI kalacuri vaMza kI, jise haihaya yA yedi vaMza bhI kahA gayA hai, aura sambhava hai ki jo cetivaMzI khAravela ke vaMzajoM kI hI eka zAkhA thI, 249 I. meM yahA~ sthApanA huii| isI varSa uttara bhArata 241

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se kaladhuri, cedi yA baiMkaTaka saMvat kA prArambha mAnA jAtA hai / ihiDamaNDala meM tripurI (madhyapradeza ke jabalapura jile kA tevara) ina kaladhuriyo kI pradhAna rAjadhAnI thii| dakSiNa vedi yA dakSiNa kosala ke kalacariyoM kI rAjadhAnI ratanapura (vilAsapura) thii| kalacuriyoM kI eka zAkhA sarayUpArI thI jisakA rAjya goNDA-baharAica meM thaa| tripurI kA kalare baMza ati pratiSThita mAnA jAtA thaa| vibhinna rAjavaMzoM ke nareza inake sAtha vivAha sambandha karane meM gauraya mAnate the| isa vaMza kA utkarSa kAla vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI taka rhaa| sAtavIM zatI meM zaMkaramaNa prathama isa vaMza kA prasiddha sajA thaa| usane 629 I. jaina-tIrtha kulpAkakSetra kI sthApanA kI thii| isa rAjya meM jainadharma kI pravRtti prAyaH banI rahI 1 jo rAje jaina nahIM the, ve bhI isa dharma ke prati sahi aura usakArakA rahe prasAta hatArI eka khaMDaharoM se tathA mahAkAsala, vidarbha Adi ke aneka sthAnoM se pUrvamadhyakAla kI aneka manojJa evaM kalApUrNa jinamUrtiyoM tathA jainamandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSa prApta hue haiN| AThavIM zatI meM lakSmaNarAja aura kokkala prathama hue, aura 9iiN zatI meM zaMkaramaNa dvitIya yA zaMkita (878-900 I.) pratApI nareza thA / mugdhatuMga, prasiddhadhavala aura raNavigraha usake viruddha the| taduparAnta bAlaharSa aura yuvarAja keyUravarSa (9283-950) hue| keyUravarSa ne ratnapura basAkara use apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| usakI putrI kuNAladevI rASTrakUTa amogha tRtIya se vivAhI thI aura usake uttarAdhikArI lakSmaNarAja tRtIya kI putrI bodhAdevI cAlukya tailapa dvitIya kI jananI thii| tadanantara zaMkaragaNa tRtIya, buvarAja dvitIya, kokkala sitIya, gaMgeyadeva vikramAditya (1015-41 I.), karNadeva (1(141-70 I.}, yazaHkarNa (1077-1125 I.) aura gayakarNadeva {1125-51 I.) nAmaka nareza hue| gayakarNadeva bhI jainadharma kA Adara karatA thaa| usake mahAsAmantAdhipati goshaNadeva rAThaura ne, jo jainadharma kA anuyAyI thA, jalathapura se 42 mIlA uttara meM sthita bahurobanda ke khanuvAdeva nAma ke prasiddha jainatIrtha kI jina-pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thii| tadanantara vijayasiMhadeva kalacuri (1195 I.} to nizcita rUpa se parama jaina thaa| usake samaya meM rAjya evaM prajA kA pradhAna dharma jaina hI thaa| kalapariyoM ke zAsanakAla meM mahAkosala pradeza meM jainAzrita zilpa-sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA kA abhUtapUrva vikAsa huaa| inameM se koI-koI jainakRtiyoM to sampUrNa tatkAlIna bhAratIya kalA kI utkRSTatA kA pratinidhitva karane kI kSamatA rakhatI haiN| aneka jainatIrtha evaM sAMskRtika kendra isa pradeza meM sthApita hue, yathA kulpAka; khanuvAdeva, rAmagiri, jogImArA, kuNDalapura, kAraMjA, AraMga, elosa, acalapura, dhArAziva Adi / kAraMjA prAcIna kAla se hI eka prasiddha jaina kendra rahatA AyA hai| apabhraMza bhASA ke suprasiddha jaina mahAkavi puSpadanta isI pradeza ke rohaNakheDa sthAna ke nivAsI the| rAyapura jile ke AraMga nAmaka sthAna meM eka prAcIna jaina-mandira hai, jisake nirmAtA tatkAlIna rAjA ko sajarSitulya kahA gayA hai| sambhavatayA yA rAjA 242 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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khAravala kI sannAva meM utpanna huA thaa| vidarbha kA acalapura nagara bhI prAcIna jaina kendra thA, jahA~ se 7vIM zatI I. kA eka jaina tAmrapatra prApta huA thaa| zvetAmbarAcArya avasiMhamUri me apanI 'dharmopadezamAlA yati' (856 I.) meM likhA hai ki isa acalapura meM digambAmnAya kAmarikAsa rAmA hAratA hai, jisane aneka mahAprAsAda nirmANa karAke unameM tIrthaMkara pratimAe~ pratiSThApita karAyI haiN| isI nagara meM 987 I. meM jainakavi dhanapAla ne apanA 'dharmaparIkSA' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa grantha sthA thaa| vidarbha-mareza Ila yA aita (1085 I.) bhI jainadharma kA anuyAyI aura AcArya abhayadevasUri kA bhakta thaa| elaura (elorA) to aura bhI pUrvakAla se jainatIrtha rahatA AyA thaa| uparyukta 'dharmopadezamAlA-vRti' (856 I.) meM hI yaha bhI likhA hai ki samayajJa nAmaka zvetAmbara muni bhRgukaccha se calakara elaura nagara Aye the aura isa sthAna kI digambara basahI (basadi yA saMsthAna) meM Thahare the| isase prakaTa hai ki isa kAla meM eka digambara jaina kendra ke rUpa meM elorA kI dUra-dUra taka prasiddhi thii| usake indrasabhA, jagannAdhasabhA Adi guhAmandira usa kAla ke pUrva hI nirmita ho cuke the| isa prakAra kalacuri (cedi) narezoM aura unake adhInastha rAjAoM, sAmantoM Adi ke 'dvArA ghoSita jainadharma pUrva adhyakAla meM mahAkosala, vidarbha Adi pradezI meM DUba phala-phUla rahA thaa| jejAkabhukti ke candelavaMzI rAje gupta samrAToM ke samaya meM vartamAna bindhyapradeza (bundelakhaNDa) unake sAmrAjya kI eka prasiddha bhukti (prAnta) thii| devagar3ha, khajurAho Adi usake pramukha nagara the| isa pradeza meM kannauja ke gurjara-pratihAra narezoM ke sAmanta ke rUpa meM, 831 I. meM nannuka candela ne apane vaMza aura rAjya kI sthApanA kI aura kharjuvAhaka (khajurAho) ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA / candeloM kA mUla sambandha cedi se rahA pratIta hotA hai aura inakA udgama bhara evaM goMDa jAtiyoM se huA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai; yadyapi meM svayaM ko Atreya RSi aura candra kI santAna batAte haiN| jo ho, candele rAjapUtoM kA yaha rAjya musalamAna-pUrva yuga ke uttara bhArata ke sarvapramukha, samRddha evaM zaktizAlI rAjyoM meM se thaa| mammuka kA uttarAdhikArI bApati thA, jisake putra jejA (jayazakti, aura bejA) (vijayazakti) the ! jejA ke nAma se hI vaha pradeza jejAkabhuSita kahalAyA, jisakA bigar3akara jujhIlI ho gyaa| bejA ke bAda rAhila aura tadanantara irSa candela (900-923 I.) rAjA huaa| isI ke samaya se camdeloM kA vAstavika utkarSa prArambha huA aura sambhavatayA khajurAho ke una jaina, zaiva aura vaiSNava mandiroM kA bhI nirmANa prArambha huA jo zanaiH-zanaiH agale do-aDhAI sau varSa paryanta banate rahe aura jinake avazeSoM ke kAraNa khajurAho vizva-prasiddha kalAdhAma nayA dezI-videzI paryaTakoM kA prAyaH sarvopari AkarSaNa kendra Aja bhI banA huA hai| kahate haiM ki candela kAla meM uttara bhArata :: 245

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A . x khajurAho meM 84 vizAla mandira bane the, jinameM se lagabhaga Adhe hI aba yace haiN| inameM mo. jaina-mandiroM kI saMkhyA 2 mAnI jAtI hai, kintu 22 ho zikharabanda haiM aura unameM se bhI pramukha evaM vizeSa darzanIya cAra haiM-ghaNTAI, AdinAtha, pArasanAtha (jinanAtha) aura zAntinAtha / ina cAra mahAn kalApUrNa jima mandiroM kA tathA usa sthAna ke anya adhikAMza jinAlayoM kA nirmANa harSa candala aura usake / uttarAdhikAriyoM yazovarman aparanAma lakSavarmana (925-54 I.), dhaMgacandela (954-1002 I.), gaNDa, vidyAdhara, kIrtivarmana aura padanavarman ke zAsana-kAloM meM vibhinna samayoM meM huaa| ye saba prathala pratApI aura parAkramI tathA kalApremI nareza the| candela saje prAyaH saba zivabhakta the aura maniyAdevI unakI kuladevI thI, tathApi ve sarvadharma sahiSNu the aura unake zAsanakAla meM jainadharma ko paryApta prazraya prApta thaa| dhaMgacandela ke prathama varSa (954 I.) meM hI pAhila-zreSTi ne jinanAtha kA bhavya bhavana banavAkara usake lie prabhUta jhana diyA thaa| vidyAdhara ke samaya meM 1028 I. meM khajurAho ke zAntinAtha mandira meM AdinAtha kI vizAla pratimA pratiSThApita kI gayI thii| kIrtivarman ke zAsanakAla meM, 1363 I. meM devagar3ha meM sahasrakUTa-caityAlaya kA tathA 1066 I. meM AhAra-madanapurA meM eka jainandira kA nirmANa huA thA aura 1085 I. meM bIbatasAha ne khajurAho meM eka jina pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thii| kIrtivarmana ke mantrI vatsarAja ne 1097 I. meM devagar3ha kA navIna durga banavAkara usakA nAma kIrtigirI rakhA thA aura sambhavataH usa samaya yahA~ koI jina-mandira bhI banA thaa| kIrtivarmA ke uttarAdhikArI jayavarmA ke samaya meM mahobA meM, 112 I. meM, kaI jina-pratimAe~ pratiSThita huI thiiN| bArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM candelabareza madanavamA bhArI nirmAtA thaa| aneka nagaroM, sarovaroM tathA jaina aura vaiSNava mandiroM kA usame nirmANa karAyA thaa| usake samaya meM mahobA meM, 1134 I. meM, rUpakAra lAkhana dvArA nirmita neminAtha pratimA kI, usI zilpI dvArA nirmita sumatinAtha pratimA kI 1156 I. meM tathA eka anya pratimA kI 1146 I. meM pratiSThA huI thii| vahIM 115 I. meM sAha ranapAla ke parivAra ne kaI pratimAoM kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| san 1145 I., 1158 I. Adi kI jaina-pratimAe~ mahobA se milI haiN| isa kAla meM candeloM kI rAjadhAnI mahobA hI ho calA thaa| maNDalipura (bundelakhaNDa kA eka nagara) meM mahApati nAma ke seTa ke parivAra ne 1151 I. meM neminAtha-pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thI, aura khajurAho meM 1148 I. meM sAha pANidhara ne kaI mandira aura pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| vahIM 1135 I. meM rUpakAra kumArasiMha dvArA nirmita vIranAthasvAmI (bhagavAn mahAvIra) kI pratimA pratiSThita huI thI aura 1158 I. meM sAhu sole ne sambhavanAtha kA mandira aura pratimA pratiSThApita kI dhii| madanavarmA kA uttarAdhikArI paramAdideva aparanAma candela paramAva (1165-1209 I.) isa vaMza kA antima mahAna nareza thA jaganika ke Ahva-khaNDa ne use sarvatra prasiddha kara diyaa| usake zAsanakAla meM bhI aneka 24 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura pahilA

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jinamandira aura jina - pratimAe~ pratiSThita huiiN| rAjadhAnI mahobA meM isa kAlaMjarAdhipati paramArdideva ke zAsanakAla ke tIsare varSa 1167 I. meM eka jaina mandira kA nirmANa aura pratiSThA huI lagatI hai aura 1177 I. meM khajurAho meM eka jina-pratimA kI pratiSThA huI thii| ahAra kSetra kI tIrthakara zAntinAtha kI vizAla manojJa khaDgAsana pratimA kI pratiSThA bhI isI rAjA ke zAsanakAla meM 1180 I. meM huI thii| isa pratimA kA nirmAtA kuzala rUpakAra pApa thaa| isa bhara ke rAjya meM klipura nagara ke AcArya guNabhadra ne apane 'dhanyakumAra- caritra' kI racanA AcArya zubhacandra ke gRhastha-ziSya lamba kAMcuka (ca) vaMzI zrAvaka vaNa ke lie kI thii| terahavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM candela rAja arrangea ke samaya kI, 1274-78 I. kI lekhAMkita jaina mUrtiyA~ milatI haiN| antataH musalamAnoM dvArA candela rAjya kA anta 1310 I. ke lagabhaga ho gyaa| akele devagar3ha meM 959 se 1250 I. taka ke Der3ha darjana se adhika jaina pratimAlekha, zilAlekha Adi prApta hue haiN| candela narezoM ke zAsanakAla meM devagar3ha-khajurAho, mahobA, kAlaMjara, ajayagar3ha, ahAra-madanapurA, madanasAgarapura, bAnapura, papaurA, canderI, dUdAhI, candapurA Adi candela rAjya ke prAyaH sabhI pramukha nagaroM meM samRddha jainoM kI bar3I-bar3I bastiyA~ thiiN| unake zrIdeva vAsavacandra, kumudacandra Adi aneka nirgrantha digambara sAdhuoM evaM vidvAn AcAryoM kA rAjya meM umyukta vihAra thA / aneka bhavya vizAla jinamandiroM evaM jaina - kalAkRtiyoM kA ukta sthAnoM meM nirmANa huaa| jainakalA ke candela kAlIna avazeSa tatkAlIna bhAratIya kalA ke sarvotkRSTa udAharaNoM meM parigaNita haiM aura usa kAla kI kalA zailI kA saphala pratinidhitva karate haiN| rAjya ke jainI ne bhI usa rAjya kI sarvatomukhI unnati meM pUrA yogadAna diyaa| aneka ullekhanIya jaina nirmAtA aura dharmAtmA zrAvaka usa kAla meM hue / zreSThi pAhila-apane kula kI kIrti ko dhavala banAnevAlA, divyamUrti, suzIla, kSama-dama-guNayukta, sarva sattvAnukampI (samasta prANiyoM para dayAbhAva rakhanevAlA), svajanoM se pUrNatayA santuSTa yA sujanoM ko sadA tuSTa rakhanevAlA, candelanareza dhaMgarAja dvArA sammAna prApta aura guru zrI vAsavacandra mahArAja kA bhakta evaM gRhastha-ziSya zreSThi pAhila ( paahil)| usane bhagavAn jinanAtha ko praNAma karake unake prAsAda ke saMrakSaNa ke nimitta rAjA kI sahamatipUrvaka 954 I. meM pAhilavATikA, candravATikA, laghucandravATikA, zaMkaravATikA, paMcAyatanavATikA, AmravATikA aura dhaMgavATikA nAmaka sAta vistRta udyAnoM kA dAna kiyA thaa| dAna-zAsana ke anta meM bhavya pAhilla ne yaha bhAvanA kI thI ki koI bhI rAjA isa pRthvI para zAsana kare, vaha pAhilla ko apanA dAsAnudAsa samajhakara usake dvArA pradata ukta sAta cATikAoM kI bhUmi kA saMrakSaNa karatA rhe| yaha zilAlekha khajurAho ke tathAkathita pArasanAtha mandira ke dvAra kI dAhinI uttara bhArata 245

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ora utkIrNa hai| yaha mandira khajurAho meM sthita pUrvI samUha ke jaina mandirA meM tIsarA hai aura unameM sarvAdhika vizAla, kalApUrNa evaM bhavya hai| mUlataH yaha AdinAtha bhagavAn kA mandira thA aura jinanAtha mandira ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| AdinAtha kI mUlanAyaka pratimA ke na rahane para 1860 I. meM usake sthAna para pArzvanAtha kI manojJa pratimA sthApita kara dI gayI thI, jisake kAraNa yaha pArasanAtha mandira ke nAma se prasiddha ho gyaa| mandira meM RSabhadeva kI bhahArAjadevI cakrezvarI kI aSTabhujI garuDArU sundara mUrti aura RSabhaputra bhagavAna bAhubali kI bhI pratimA sthApita haiN| dvAra ke bAyI ora cauMtIsA yantra utkIrNa hai| mAhula, gohala, devazarmA, jayasiMha aura pISana ke nAma bhI farza, dIvAroM Adi para oNketa haiN| ye usa anupama mandira ke kuzala zilpI rahe pratIta hote haiN| eka sthAna para 'AcArya zrI devacandra ziSya kumudacandraH' aMkita hai| ina munirAja kA ukta mandira ke sAtha usa kAla meM athavA kAlAntara meM dhaniSTha sambandha rahA pratIta hotA hai| sambhava hai ki ukta devacandra pUrvokta vAsavacandra ke ziSya yA praziSya hoM aura isa saMsthAna ke paramparAgata AcArya ho / mandira naM. 25 ke dvAra ke stambha para bhI ukta donoM muniyoM ke nAma isI prakAra aMkita haiN| bahuta sambhava hai ki isa mahAna mandira kA nirmANa svayaM ukta zreSTi pAhila ne kiyA ho| isI mandira ke nikaTa ghaNTAI, AdinAtha aura zAntinAtha ke prAyaH usI kAla ke atyanta manohara jinAlaya haiM / ThAkura devadhara - AcAryaputra ThAkura devadhara aura unake putroM zivacandra evaM candradeva ne 1025 I. meM khajurAho meM zAntinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| lekha zAntinAtha mandira kI mUlanAyaka zAntinAtha - pratimA ke nIce oNketa hai, ataeva sambhavatayA ye hI loga ukta mandira ke nirmAtA aura pratiSThAtA the| zreSThi pANighara-gRhapati anvaya (gahoI jAti) ke zreSThi pANidhara aura usake tIna putra trivikrama, AlhaNa aura lakSmIdhara nAmaka zreSThiyoM ne khajurAho meM 1148 I. kI mAgha vadi 5 ke dina eka zyAmavarNa kI jinapratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| unhIM zreSTha pANidhara kA nAma usI varSa kI vahA~ kI do anya pratibhAoM para bhI aMkita hai| aisA lagatA hai ki unhoMne bhI isa nagara meM eka bhavya jinAlaya nirmANa karAyA thaa| ye lekha khajurAho ke mandira naM. 27 meM prApta hue haiM, vahI vaha jinAlaya hogA / zreSThi mahIpatigRhapati (gahoI ) vaMza ke zreSThi mAhula ke putra zreSThi mahIpati aura jAta the| mahIpati ke putra pApe, kUke, sAlhU TeTU, AlhU, vivIke aura sabapate the / zreSThi mahIpati ne apane isa pUre parivAra sahita 1151 I. kI vaizAkha yadi guruvAra ke dina maNDalipura meM neminAtha tIrthaMkara kI pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thI / yaha pratimA vartamAna meM horniyana myUjiyama landana meM hai - 1895 I. meM bikakara vahA~ pahu~cI thii| zreSThi bIbatasAha aura seThAnI padmAvatI--isa dharmAtmA dampatI ne 1085 I. 246 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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meM khajarAho meM eka jina-pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| yaha pratimA ghaNTAI mandira meM thii| sambhava hai ki ukta mandira ke nirmANa meM bhI isa zreSTi-dampattI kA yoga rahA ho| yaha mandira bhI atyanta kalApUrNa hai| sAhu sAlhe-gRhapativaMzI zreSTha dedU ke putra bAhita aura usake putra sAhu sAlhe the| sAlhe ke putra mahAgaNa, mahIcandra, zrIcandra, jitacandra, udayacandra Adi the| mahArAja padanadeva ke rAjya meM 1156 I. kI mApa sudi / ke dina sAha sAnhe ne apane putroM sahita khajurAho meM rUpakAra (mUrtikAra rAmadeva se nirmita karAke tIsare tIrthakara sambhayanAtha kI manojJa pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| zyApapASANa meM nirmita yaha mUrti bhI usa sthAna ke mandira meM. 27 meM prApta huI hai| isa lekha ke sAhu sAlhe ke pitA pAhilla ko prAyaH pUrvokta 954 I. ke bhavya pAhila se abhinna samajhA liyA jAtA hai, kintu yaha donoM sarvathA bhilatpapitta haiM, doloM ke hica sau sAI se adhika kAra antara hai| vahI saMvat 1215 (arthAt 1158 I.) usI mandira kI eka anya zyAmavarNa pASANa kI AdinAtha pratimA kI caraNa-caukI para aMkita hai aura sAtha meM zrI cArukIrti muni aura unake ziSya kumAranandi ke nAma bhii| sambhava hai ye munirAja pratimA ke sathA zAyada mandira ke bhI pratiSThAcArya ho| sAhu ratnapAla-sAghu devagana sAMgayya ke putra sAdhu zrI ratnapAla ne apanI bhAryA sAdhA aura putroM kIrtipAla, ajayapAla, yastupAla aura tribhudhanapAla ke sAtha mahobA meM 163 I. ko jyeSTha sudi aSTamI ravivAra ke dina bhagavAna ajitanAtha ko tathA eka anya jinapratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| sambhavatayA koI jinamandira bhI banavAyA ghaa| nAmoM se lagatA hai ki yaha parivAra suzikSita evaM sambhrAnta thaa| pAr3AzAha (bhaiMsAzAha)-bundelakhaNDa meM bahupracalita kiMvadantiyoM ke anusAra yahA~ 12vIM-13vIM zatAbdI I. ke lagabhaga eka agravAla jaina dhanakubera ho gayA hai jo pAr3AzAha yA bhaiMsAzAha ke nAma se prasiddha hai| usakA mUla nAma kyA thA, koI nahIM jaantaa| prArambha meM yaha vyakti ati sAdhAraNa zreNI kA eka vaNik thA jo apane par3e yA pAI (maiMse) para tela ke kuppe lAdakara gA~va-gauca jAkara tela becA karatA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki eka dina jaba mArga ke eka jaMgala meM vaha sustA rahA thA to usane dekhA ki usake bhaiMse ke khura kI lohe kI nAla sone kI ho gayI hai| Azvacakita ho usane AsapAsa khojA to use jasakA kAraNa arthAta pArasa-patharI mila mdhii| ada kyA thA, pArasa-patharI ke prasAda se vaha zIghra hI dhanakubera ho gyaa| apane usa bhAgyadUta bhesa ke kAraNa hI vaha bhaisAzAha yA pADAzAha khlaayaa| apane akhUTa dhana kA bhI usane sadupayoga kiyaa| bundelakhaNDa pradeza ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM hajAra-ATha sau varSa purAne jo saikar3oM jainamandira yA unake avazeSa pAye jAte haiM, prAyaH una sabake nirmANa kA zreya ukta pAr3AzAha ko hI diyA jAtA hai| vaha bar3A udAra aura dAnI thaa| aneka kUpa, zAyar3I, taDAga Adi lokahita ke nirmANa ke atirikta koI bhI uttara bhArata :: 247

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yAcaka usake dvAra se khAlI hAtha nahIM lauratA thaa| jitanA jo zahatA use ye DAlatA thA / anta meM vaha apane samApta na hone vAle dhana se Uba gayA aura ukta pArasa-patharI ko eka dina eka gaharI jhIla meM pheMkakara santoSa kI sAMsa lI / pAhAzAra sambandhI damsakathAoM meM tadhyAMza kitanA hai, nahIM kahA jA sktaa| sambhava hai ki pArasa-padharIvAlI bAta janamAnasa kI kalpanA-prasUta ho| kintu aisA koI dharmAtmA, dAnI aura bhArI mandira nirmAtA dhanakubera agravAla zrAvaka usa kAla meM aura usa pradeza meM huA avazya hai, bhale hI usakA vAstavika nAma pADAsAhu yA bhaiMsAzAha na bhI rahA ho / ho sakatA haiM ki khajurAho ke vipaladravya sAdhya mandiroM kA nirmAtA zreSTha pAhila yA anya vaisA hI koI seTha isa upanAma se prasiddha ho gayA ho| E-580SENSEES ADMWMtel gujarAta-saurASTra pazcima bhArata kA vaha bar3A bhUbhAga jo vartamAna mujarAta rAjya (prAnta) ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, atyanta prAcIna kAla se, kama-se-kama mahAbhAratakAlIna vAIsabai tIrthakara ariSTanemi yA neminAtha ke samaya se, jainadharma kA eka pramukha gar3ha rahalA AyA hai| itihAsakAla meM yaduvaMziyoM ke uparAnta mauryo, zaka, kSaharAtoM aura mahAkSatrapoM tathA tadanantara balabhI ke maitrakarvazI rAjAoM kA yahA~ zAsamma rhaa| zaiva, vaiSNava, bauddha Adi anya dharma mI yahA~ phale-phUle, sAtha hI inakama kI pravRtti bhI janatA meM calatI rhii| kaI eka rAjA bhI jaina hue aura jo jaina nahIM the ve bhI isa dharma ke prati sahiSNu aura usake prazrayadAtA rhe| maitraka nareza zilAdisya prathama (595-615 I.) Adi ke prazraya meM jinabhadramaNi-kSamAzramaNa jaise jainAcAryoM ne vipula sAhitya racA / sAtavIM zatI ke madhya ke lagabhaga maitrakayaMza kA anta huaa| usa kAla meM yaha bhUbhAga saurASTra ke saindhava, bhar3auca ke gurjara, lATa ke cAlukya, sauramaNDala ke varAha, anilavAr3e ke cAvar3A Adi kaI choTe-choTe rAjyoM meM ba~TA huA thaa| jainAcArya jinasena ke 'harivaMzapurANa' (783 I.) ke anusAra usa samaya sauramaNDala meM mahAbarAha ke putra yA pautra jayavIra-dharAha kA zAsana thaa| prAyaH usI samaya se gurjara-pratihAroM aura rASTrakUToM ke bIca gujarAta ko hastagata karane kI hor3a lagI, jisameM rASTrakUTa saphala rahe aura havIM zatI ke prAramma se lekara 10vIM zatI ke prathama pAda paryanta rASTrakUTa govinda tRtIya ke anuja indra ke karka, dhuya, kRSNa Adi vaMzaja mAnyakheTa ke samrAToM ke pratinidhiyoM ke rUpa meM gujarAta deza ke bahubhAga ke prAyaH svatantra zAsaka rhe| yaha rAje bhI jainadharma ke poSaka the| jaina samrAT amoghavarSa prathama kA cacerA bhAI evaM pratinidhi lAAdhipa karkarAja-suvarNavarSa jainadharma kA bhakta thaa| usake zAsanakAla meM naksArikA (navasArI) meM eka jaina vidyApITha kI sthApanA huI thI, jisake adhiSThAtA digambasacArya paravAdimalla ke praziSya the| unheM ukta saMsthAna ke lie karkarAja ne apane 82 I. ke navasArI tAmrazAsana dvArA bhUmi Adi kA prabhUta dAna diyA thaa| 248 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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sasa klabhI ke patrako ke uparAnta gujarAta meM jo sthAnIya rAjyavaMza idaya meM Aye unameM jainadharma kI dRSTi se tathA aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI bar3AsamAsa, cApolkaTa, cApa yA cAvar3A vaMza sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| vanarAja ghAdar3A-jayazekhara vAyotkaTa kA putra vanarAja gujarAta ke cAvar3A vaMza evaM rAjya kA saMsthApaka thaa| usane svaguru jainAcArya zIlamuNasUri ke upadeza, AzIrvAda aura sahAyatA se maitrakoM kA uccheda karake 745 I. meM apane rAjya kI sthApanA kI thI aura anhilapura pATana (anhilavAr3A) nAma kA navIna nagara basAkara use apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA gurudakSiNA ke rUpa meM jAnana de. zItapati: ko apanA pUrA rAjya samarpita karanA cAhA to unhoMne usake badale meM eka sundara jinamandira banavAne ke lie rAjA se khaa| ataeva rAjA ne apanI rAjadhAnI meM paMcAsara-pAzvanAtha nAmaka prasiddha jinAlaya banavAyA thaa| jinAlaya ke lie mUlanAyaka pAzava-pratimA paMcAsara se lAkara virAjamAna kI gayI thI, isI kAraNa vaha paMcAsara-pAzavanAtha-jinAlaya khlaayaa| vanarAja cAvar3A ne aura bhI kaI jinamandira banavAye the| usakA pradhAna mantrI campA nAmaka jaina yaNika zreSThi thA, jisane campAnera nagara bsaayaa| minmaya nAmaka eka anya dhanayAna jaina zreSThi ne, jise danarAja pitAtulya mAnatA thA, anhilavAr3A meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA mandira banavAyA thaa| isI nimnaya seTha kA putra lAhora vanarAja kA vIra senApati thaa| isa prakAra svayaM rAjA vanarAja cAvar3A ke atirikta usake rAjya ke adhikAMza prabhAvazAlI varga, mantrI, senApati, uccapadastha karmacArI, mahAjana aura vyApArI Adi jaina the| vanarAja ke uparAnta yogarAja, ratnAditya, kSemarAja, AkaDadeva aura bhUyaDadeva aparanAma sAmantasiMha nAma ke rAjA isa vaMza meM kramaza: hue / dasavIM zatI I. ke uttarArdha meM mUlarAja solaMkI ne isa vaMza kA anta kiyaa| vardhamAna nagara meM bhI zApavaMza kI eka zAkhA kA rAjya thA, jisameM bAra-pA~ca rAjA hue aura giranAra jUnAgar3ha ke cUr3AsamAsa rAje to 10vIM se prAya: 16vIM zatI paryanta ghalAte rhe| ina vibhinna cAvar3A rAjyavaMzoM ke kSetroM meM yapi zaiva aura zAkta dharma bhI rAjya-mAnya the, jainadharma hI bahudhA rAjadharma rahA aura jo rAje jainI nahIM hue, ce bhI usake prati sahiSNa rhe| ___ anhilavAr3A kA solakIvaMza prAcIna cAlukyavaMza ko hI eka zAkhA thI, isIlie solaMkI nareza svayaM ko bahudhA caulukya kahate the| gujarAta ke itihAsa meM solaMkIvaMza kA sacopari mahatva hai| inake samaya meM yaha deza unnati ke carama zikhara para pahu~cA aura eka zaktizAlI sAmrAjya kA rUpa lene meM samartha huaa| sAtha hI jaina itihAsa ko usane kama-se-kama eka jaina samAda, darjanoM jaina mantrI aura vIrasenAnAyaka, saikar3oM prasiddha dhanAya zreSThi, aneka diggaja jaina vidvAna aura cirasmaraNIya sAMskRtika upalabdhiyoM pradAna kii| san 941 I. meM mUlarAja solaMkI ne isa vaMza kI sthApanA kI thii| 974 I. taka vaha prAyaH sampUrNa gujarAta para apanA uttara bhArata: 248

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N arentiated ekAdhipatya sthApita karane aura cAvar3A rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI anhilapATana para adhikAra karake use apanI rAjadhAnI banAne meM saphala ho gayA thA, jisameM lagabhaga 20 varSa pazcAta usakI yuddha meM mRtyu huii| jaina na hote hue bhI usane aura usake vaMzajoM ne jainadharma ke prati apane pUrvavatI narezoM kI nIti ko hI apnaayaa| somanAthaziva isa vaMza ke kuladevatA, rASTradevatA aura iSTadevatA the, kinta jinadeva ko bhI pUrA sammAna aura mAnyatA dI gayI / phalasvarUpa jaina mantriyoM, senApattiyoM, daNDanAyakoM aura yoddhAoM, seThI aura sAhUkAroM, vidvAnoM aura kalAkAroM ne svayaM ko solaMkI rAjya kI atula zakti aura apAra samRddhi kA mUlAdhAra evaM sRdRr3ha stambha nirantara caritArtha kiyA / itihAsa ne bhI unakI dena ko svIkAra kiyaa| mUlarAja kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI comuDirAjAdhi dalamarAja ne kucha mAsa hI rAjya kiyaa| tadanantara durlabharAja kA putra bhImadeva prathama (1010-12 I.) rAjA huA, jisake samaya meM mahamUda gajanavI ne somanAtha kA vidhvaMsa kiyA, aura jisakA mantrI prasiddha vimalazAha thA 1 bhImadeva kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI karNadeva {1063-43 I.) thA aura usakA putra suprasiddha jayasiMhasiddharAja (1054-1143 I.) thaa| isakA uttarAdhikArI suprasiddha jaina samrAT kumArapAla (1143-1178 I.} thaa| tadanantara ajayapAla, bhImadeva dvitIya, mUlarAja dvitIya aura tribhuvanapAla nAmaka apekSAkRta paryApta nirbala nareza 1174 se 1248 I, ke madhya hue| antima solaMkI rAjA ko gaddI se utArakara dhaulakA ke sAmanta bIsaladeva me 1243 I. meM gujarAta ke siMhAsana para adhikAra kiyA aura baghelA (dhyAnapata) vaMza kI sthApanA kii| yaha svayaM solaMkI nareza bhIma dvitIya ke antaHpura-rakSaka lavaNaprasAda nAmaka jaina A~dhakArI kA vaMzaja, sambhavatayA pautra thaa| badheloM kA anta 1298 I. meM dillI ke musalamAna sultAna alAuddIna khilajI ne kiyaa| jainadharma aura jainoM ke prati baghele rAjAoM kI bhI prAyaH vahI nIti rahI jo unake pUrvavartI solaMkI narezI kI thI! mantrIvara vimalazAha-zrImAlajAtIya evaM poravADayaMzI jaina zreSThi vimalazAha gujarAta ke pratApI solaMkI nareza bhImadeva prathama (10340-1862 I.) kA kRpApAtra evaM svAmibhakta amAtya thaa| solaMkIyuga meM rAjadhAnI anhilavAr3e kA prathama nagaraseTha banane kA saubhAgya vimalazAha ko hI prApta huA thaa| vaha mAtra eka dhanI yaNika seTha hI nahIM thA, barana rAjA kA eka pramukha kuzala mantrI bhI thA aura aisA pracaNDa senAnAyaka bhI thA ki usane gujarAta kI senA ko sindhunada ke nIra meM tairakara rAjanI kI bhI sImA ko padadalita kiyA thaa| apane rAjA ke lie usane aneka bhayaMkara yuddhoM kA saphala saMcAlana kiyA thaa| vaha vIra yoddhA bar3A dharmAnurAgI, udAra aura dAnI bhI thaa| AbU-parvata (arbudagiri) kA vizvavikhyAta kalAdhAma bhagavAna AdinAtha kA mandira, jo bimala-basahI bhI kahalAtA hai, vipula dravya vyaya karake 1982 I. meM isa mantrIrAja vimala se ne hI banavAyA thaa| EKS BEE. S 25 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina dhujhASa aura mahilAeM

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jayasiMha siddharAja bhIma prathama kA pautra aura karNa solaMkI kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI gujarAta kA caulukyanareza jayasiMha siddharAja (1094-1143 I.) bar3A zaktizAlI, pratApI, dhArmika, vidyArasika, udAra nareza thaa| vaha mahAdeva kA upAsaka thA, to mahAvIra kA bhI bhakta thaa| usane rUdramAla zivAlaya banavAyA, to mahAvIra jinAlaya bhI bnvaayaa| zaivatIrtha somanAtha kA yaha rakSaka thA, to jainatIrtha zatruMjaya kI yAtrA karake usane ukta sthAna ke AdinAtha - jinAlaya ko bAraha grAma samarpita kiye the| siddhapura meM bihAra nAyaka huncha disAhitayatabhana giranAra tIrtha para bhagavAna neminAtha kA mukhya mandira banavAne kA zreya bhI isI rAjA ko diyA jAtA hai / vaha mantrazAstra kA bhI jJAtA thA aura siddha cakravartI kahalAtA thaa| mahArAja jayasiMha ke zAsana ke pUrvArdha meM usakA pradhAna mantrI muMjAla mehatA nAmaka eka olavAla jaina thaa| vaha usake pitA karNa ke samaya se hI mantrIpada para ArUr3ha thA / rAjamAtA mInaladevI ( karNa kI rAnI aura jayasiMha kI jananI) muMjAla mehatA ko bahuta mAnatI thii| yaha atyanta svAmibhakta, kUTanItijJa, prazAsanakuzala aura yuddha-vidyA - vizArada thA aura apane svAmI ke rAjyavistAra evaM zakti saMvardhana meM usakA pradhAna sahAyaka thaa| usake sAthI aura ziSya udayana, zAntanu, Aliya pRthvIpAla Adi rAjya ke kaI anya jaina mantrI rAjA jayasiMha ke zaktistambha the| prAyaH ye saba rAjanIti-kuzala, prazAsanapaTTa vIrayoddhA the aura sAtha hI dhanI vyApArI vyavasAyI bhI the| unhoMne rAjyahita ke atirikta aneka dhArmika kArya aura nirmANa bhI kiye the| mantrI pRthvIpAla ne AlU ke eka mandira ( cimalaksI) meM apane sAta pUrvajoM kI hAthInazIna ( gajArUr3ha ) mUrtiyA~ banavAkara sthApita kI thIM / mantrIrAja udayana ne soraTha ke durdhara rAjA kheMgAra ko parAjita karake jayasiMha ko caulukya cakravartI free fdilAyA thA aura karNAvatI ( ahamadAbAda) meM eka mavya jinAlaya nirmANa karAkara usameM 72 bahumUlya pratimAe~ pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| udayana mantrI ke putra AhaDa, bAhara, ambaDa aura saullA bhI vicakSaNa rAjamantrI aura pracaNDa senAnAyaka the| rAjA bhoja paramAra kI dhArAnagarI kI bhA~ti hI jayasiMha solaMkI ne apane anhilapATana ko jJAna aura kalA kA anupama kendra banAne kA nizcaya kiyA aura vahIM eka vizAla vidyApITha kI sthApanA kii| suprasiddha jainAcArya 'kalikAlasarvajJa' upAdhidhArI hemacandrasUri ko usane apane Azraya meM honevAlI sAhityika pravRttiyoM ke netRtva kA bhAra sauNpaa| rAjA unakA bahuta Adara karatA thaa| kakkala, vAgbhaTa, rAmacandra guNacandra, mahendrasUri, devacandra, udayacandra, vardhamAnagaNI, yazazcandra, bAlacandra, AnandasUri, amaracandra Adi aneka jainagRhastha evaM sAdhu vidvAna AcArya ke sahayogI athavA ziSya the| una sabane rAjA se sammAna prApta kiyA aura saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASA ke bIsiyoM mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI usake prazraya meM racanA kii| isa rAjA kI dArzanika zAstrArtha karAne aura sunane kA bhI cAva thaa| unameM se eka svAdvAdaratnAkara ALL uttara bhArata 251

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ke kartA zvetAmbarAcArya devanAre aura kalyANamandira stotra ke rayitA kaNAMTaka ke digambasadhArya kumudacandra ke madhya jayasiMha siddharAja kI rAjasabhA meM hI zAstrArtha huA thaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki caulukya-cakravartI siddharAja jayasiMha kA zAsanakAla gujarAta ke itihAsa kA svarNayuga thA aura use baha rUpa dene kA pradhAna zrayaM usake Azrita jaina mastriyoM, senApatiyoM, seToM, kalAkAroM, vidvAnoM aura sAdhuoM ko hai| hemacandrAcArya ne isa rAjA ke lie siddhAhema-zabdAnuzAsana nAmaka prasiddha vyAkaraNa kI racanA kI thii| usane unheM "kalikAlasarvajJa' kI, unake ziSya nATyakAra samacandrasUri ko 'kavikaTAramalla' kI, AnandasUri kI 'vyAghra-zizuka' ko aura amaracandramUri ko 'sihazizuka' kI upAdhiyoM pradAna karake sammAnita kiyA thaa| ___samrAT kumArapAla solaMkI (1143-75 I.)-jayasiMha siddharAja ke koI putra nahIM thA, kevala eka putrI kAMcanadevI thI jo sapAdalakSa (sA~bhara-ajamera) ke cauhAna nareza arNorAja ke sAtha vivAhI thI aura jisakA putra somezvara upanAma cAhaDa thaa| apanI mRtyu ke samaya isa cAha ko hI jayasiMha ne apanA dattakaputra evaM uttarAdhikArI ghoSita kara diyA thaa| kintu rAjamantriyoM kA bahumata, AcArya hemacandra aura rAjapurohita devazrI kumArapAla ke samarthaka the, ataH rAjyasiMhAsana use hI prApta huaa| vaha bhImadeva kI upAsanI caulA nAmaka nartakI se utpanna kSemarAja kA prapautra, devaprasAda (devapAla yA harapAla) kA pautra aura tribhuvanapAla kA jyeSTha putra thA 1 sajA kA jyeSTha putra hote hue bhI kSemarAja apane sautele anuja karNa ko rAjya dekara tapasvI ho gayA thaa| aura usakA putra devapAla karNa kI mRtyu hone para jIte jI citA meM praveza kara gayA thaa| usakA putra tribhuvanapAla jI jayasiMha kA bhatIjA lagatA thA, bar3A rAjyabhakta, sadAcArI aura nItiparAyaNa kSatriya vIra thaa| rAjA bhI usakA Adara karatA thA, kintu apane jIvana ke antima pAda meM usase ruSTa ho gayA thA aura kahate haiM ki usane tribhuvanapAla kI hatyA karA dI thI tathA kumArapAla kI bhI hatyA karAne kA prayatna kiyA thaa| tribhuvanapAla kI patnI kazamIrAdevI thI, jisase usake kumArapAla Adi tIna putra aura pramilA evaM devala nAya kI do putriyA~ huI thIM 1 pramilA kA vivAha jayasiMha ke eka daNDanAyaka kanhadeva ke sAtha huA thA, jo kumArapAla ke pradhAna sahAyakoM meM se thaa| kumArapAla kA janma apane pitA kI jAgIra dadhisthalI (devalI) meM 1093 I. meM huA thaa| rAjyayaMza meM jayasiMha kA nikaTatama uttarAdhikArI vahI thA, kintu usake pitA tathA svayaM rAjA kI dIrghAyu ke kAraNa use cirakAla taka pratIkSA karanI par3I aura jaba usake pitA kI bhI hatyA kara dI gayI to rAjA kI durabhisandhi ke kAraNa usakA jIvana saMkara meM par3a gyaa| usa samaya sajadhAnI ke hI aliMga mAmaka eka kumhAra kI sahAyatA se kumArapAla kI jIvanarakSA huI aura vaha bhApakara bhUmakaccha zalA gayA jahA~ khambhAta ke sajA kelambarAja ne use Azraya diyA / tadanantara vaha paiThana, ijjaina, cittaur3a Adi vibhinna sthAnoM meM vipanna avasthA meM kaI varSa 252 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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bhaTakatA rahA / cittaur3a meM usakI eka digambara muni, sambhavatayA rAmakIti se bheMTa huI, jinase usame bahuta jJAna aura upadeza grahaNa kiyaa| antataH vaha namendrapaTTana meM apane bahanoI kanhadeva ke pAsa calA gyaa| isa saMkaTakAla meM usane bar3e kaSTa saha, hara samaya rAjA kA bhaya banA rahatA thA, yadi koI samdala ye to vaha svagurU hemacandrasUri kI bhaviSyavANI aura AzvAsana tathA apane sahAyakoM evaM samarzakoM kI sad-icchA meM vizvAsa hI the| antataH lagabhaga 30 varSa kI Ayu meM 1143 I. meM kumArapAla solaMkI gujarAta ke siMhAsana para baiThA / rAjya prApta karate hI usane apane samarthakoM evaM saMkaTakAla ke sahAyakoM ko udAratApUrvaka santuSTa kiyaa| mahAmantrI udayana ke suyogya putra bAha (bAgmada) ko usane apanA pradhAnamantrI bnaayaa| udayana ke putra Ahai, bAhar3a aura ambaI bhI rAjA ke mantrI aura senAnAyaka bane, kevala choTA putra sonlA vyApArI huaa| stharya vRddha mantrIzvara udayana kA bhI parAmarza use prApta rahA-udayana kI mRtyu usI ke rAjyakAla meM 150 I. ke lagabhaga huI thii| apane rakSaka kumbhakAra aliMga ko kumArapAla ne apanI rAjasabhA kA pramukha sadasya banAyA aura purohila devazrI Adi ko vipula dradhya pradAna kiyaa| cittaur3a ke jisa sAjara nAmaka kumbhakAra ne kA~ToM ke Dhera meM chipAkara usakI jayasiMha siddharAja ke sainikoM se rakSA kI thI, usake nAma cittaur3a pradeza ke 700 grAmoM kI prAdhika Aya kA paTTA likha diyaa| kumArapAla kii|150 I. kI visAI prazasti ke sAyatA digambarAcA jayakIrti ke ziSya rAmakIrti muni the| rAjya ke prathama kucha varSa to kumArapAla ko apane virodhiyoM, pratiddhandriyoM tathA anya Antarika evaM bAdhA zatruoM se apanA mArga niSkaNTaka karane meM bIte, tadanantara usane rAjya evaM zAsana ko susaMgaThita kiyA aura apane vijaya yAtrA abhivAna calAye / saumara ke arNorAja cauhAna, dhArA ke ballAladeva paramAra, candrAvatI ke vikramasiMha, mAravAr3a aura cittaur3a ke rAjAoM, koMkaNa ke mallikArjuna, gopAlapaTTana (moA) ke kadambarAjA ityAdi aneka narezoM ko parAjita evaM apane adhIna karake samrAT kumArapAla solaMkI ne apane sAmrAjya kA dUra-dUra taka vistAra kiyA thaa| uttara meM turuSka deza (gajanavI sultAnoM ke adhIna pazcimI paMjAba), pUrva meM gaMgAtaTa, pazcima meM samudratIra aura dakSiNa meM sahyAdri ke sudUra zikharaparyanta gujarAta kA tAmracUr3a-vijayadhvaja phahasayA / gurjara sAmrAjya meM saba 18 deza sammilita the aura baha unnati ke carama zikhara para pahu~ca gayA thaa| svayaM mahArAja kI mahatvAkAMkSA aura zUravIratA ke atirikta isa mahatI saphalatA kA pradhAna zreya usake jaina mantriyoM evaM pracaNDa jaina senApatiyoM ko shraa| udayana-putra ambaSTha (AnAbhada) usakA pradhAna senApati thA / zilAhAramareza ko parAjita karane ke upalakSya meM rAjA ne use zilAhAroM kA viziSTa virUda 'rAjapitAmaha pradAna kiyA thaa| vindhya-adabI ko padadalita karanevAlA aura gamayUthoM ko prazikSita karake anhilavAr3e kI gajasainya ko ajeya banA denevAlA, dhanurvidyA-pravINa mahAdaNDanAyaka lahara mI jaina uttara bhArata::258

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":"ILES ? hI thaa| kumArapAla ke pUre rAjyakAla meM phira koI syacakra yA paracakra kA upadrava nahIM huA, na koI durbhikSa hI par3A / lakSmI ke samAna prakRti bhI deza para prasamma thI, jisake kAraNa usane abhUtapUrva, tamraddhi aura prajA ne apratima sukha aura zAnti kA upabhoga kiyaa| kahate haiM ki prAyaH rAjyaprApti ke samaya taka kumArapAla, akabara kI bhAMti hI nirakSara thA kintu apane adhyavasAya se vaha thor3e hI samaya meM suvijJa ho gyaa| jhAna-vijJAna aura kalA kI usake samaya meM pAtI bhiSAddha aura dhArmikatA ke pravAha meM rAjA evaM prajA ne sukhapUrvaka nimajjana kiyA / prArambha meM anya solaMkI narezoM kI bhA~ti usakA bhI kuladharma zaiva aura iSTadeva somanAtha ziva the| pazubali meM bhI usakA vizvAsa thA aura madha-mAMsa kA bhI sevana karatA thaa| raktapAta karane aura vinAzaka yuddhoM ke cher3ane meM use koI hicaka nahIM hotI thii| kintu AcArya hemacandrasUri ke saMsarga se usameM zanaiH zamaiM saddharma kI bhAvanA jArAta hone lagI aura unake upadezoM ke prabhAva se baha jainadharma kA parama bhakta ho gayA / yahA~ taka ki 1159 I. meM usane prakaTa rUpa se jinadharma aMgIkAra kara liyaa| vaha caritravAn evaM eka patnI-vrata kA pAlaka thA aura usane zrAvaka ke vrata dhAraNa karake 'parama-Aheta' viruddha prApta kiyA thaa| usane yuddhoM se virAma liyA, rAjya meM pazu-hiMsA, pazubali, zikAra, madyapAna, juA Adi kA rAjAjJA se niSedha kiyA, mRtyudaNDa banda kara diyA, rAjya bhara meM amIrI ghoSaNA karA dI, dIna-dukhiyoM kA pAlana kiyA, nissantAna vidhavAoM ke sattva kI rakSA kI aura saMghapati mAnakara caturvidha saMgha ke sAtha zayaMjaya, giranAra Adi dharma-kSetroM kI hIrthayAtrA kii| nirmAtA bhI aisA thA ki usane 1440 navIna jainamandiroM kA nirmANa aura 1000 purAne mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA batAyA jAtA hai| svayaM apanI rAjadhAnI ko usane aneka sundara jimAlaboM se alaMkRta kiyA thA, jinameM sanopari tribhuvanapAla-bihAra thA, jise usane apane pitA kI smRti meM banavAyA thaa| vidvAnoM kI saMgati evaM vAda-vivAda, tatcacacI Adi meM use Ananda AtA thaa| svayaM AcArya hemacandra ke pathapradarzana meM rAjakArya evaM sAMskRtika kAryoM kA saMcAlana hotA thaa| unhoMne laghA runake bRhat ziSyamaNDala ne prabhUta sAhitya kI racanA kii| kaI sAratra-bhaNDAra aura andha-lipi-kAryAlaya bhI sthApita hue| aneka anya kavi, caharaNA, jainAjaina paNDita aura vijJAna, sAdhu aura tapasvI usake rAjasabhA kI zobhA bar3hAte the| brAhmaNa vidvAnoM aura kaviyoM ne tathA Adhunika itihAsakAroM ne bhI isa Adarza evaM sarvataH saphala jaina nareza kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| kisI ne use rAjarSi kahA hai to kisI ne samrATa azoka mahAn se usakI tulanA kI hai| zreNika, samprati, khAravela aura amoghavarSa-jaise mahAn jana samrAToM ke samakakSa use sthAna diyA jAtA hai| usakI samasta dinacaryA hI ati dhArmika zramaNopAsaka evaM Adarza mareza ke rUpayasta thii| prasiddha vidvAn muni jinavijaya ke zabdoM meM "usakA jIvana eka mahAkAvya ke samAna thA jisameM zRMgAra, hAsya, karuNa, saidra, vIra, bhayAnaka, 254 :: pramukha aitihAsika jana puruSa aura mahilAe~

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nAnAanemamam lIbhatsa, adbhuta aura zAnta sabhI rasoM kA paripAka huA thaa| usakI jIvana-kavitA meM mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda kA adbhuta sammizraNa thaa| dezatyAga, saMkara, sahAya-asahAya, kSudhA-tRSA, mikSAyAcana, harSa, zoka, araNyATana, jIvita-saMzaya, rAjyaprApti, yada zatrahAra nijAmAlA, nIti pavartana dharmapAlana, abhyudayArohaNa aura anta meM anicchita bhAva se bharaNa ityAdi eka mahArazAyikA ke varNana ke lie Avazyaka sabhI rasotpAdaka sAmagrI usake jIvana meM vidyamAna thii| kAvyamImAMsakoM ne kAvya ke lie jo dhIrodAtta nAyaka kI kalpanA kI hai usakA vaha yathArtha Adarza thaa|" gujarAta ke hI nahIM, sampUrNa bhAratIya itihAsa meM jaina samrAT kumArapAla solaMkI kA viziSTa sthAna hai| dhArmika sahiSNutA bhI usameM aisI thI ki yadi zatrujaya kA saMrakSaka thA to somanAtha ko bhI vismaraNa nahIM kiyA aura apanI garthonnata rAjadhAnI anhilapura meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA kumAravihArajinAlaya banAyA to usake nikaTa zammu kA kumArapAlezvara-zivAlaya bhI bnvaayaa| usake priya guruvara hemacandrAcArya kA 1172 I. meM akasmAtu svargavAsa ho gyaa| yaH viyoma kumArapAla ke lie asahya ho gayA aura chaha mAsa ke bhItara hI vaha svayaM bho mRtyu ko prApta ho gyaa| eka mata ke anusAra AcArya kI mRtyu ke 32 dina bAda hI svayaM usake bhatIje ajayapAla ne viSa dvArA usakI hatyA kara dI thii| isI samaya se lolakI rAjya kI avanati prArambha ho gayI / kumArapAla kI sAdhvI rAnI bhopalAdevI thI aura eka mAtra samtAna putrI lIlU thI, jisake putra pratApamalla ko vaha apanA uttarAdhikArI banAnA cAhatA thaa| ajayapAla bar3A dharmavidveSI aura atyAcArI thaa| mantrI kApadi, kavi rAmacandrasUri, mahAdaNDanAyaka anbaDabhaTa-jaise kumArapAla-bhaktoM para usane bhISaNa atyAcAra kiye| ajayapAla ne ambar3a se kahA ki use apanA svAmI svIkAra kara le, to usa vIra ne uttara diyA ki 'isa janma meM to arhata bhagavAna hI mere iSTadeva, hemacandra mere guru aura kumArapAla hI mere svAmI haiM-anya kisI vyakti ke sammukha yaha sira nahIM jhuka sktaa|' usa ghora ne anyAyI ke sAmane jhukane ke bajAya mRtyu pasanda kii| usake eka jaina mantrI yazapAla ne 'mohaparAjaya' nATaka likhA thaa| eka dvArapAla ne 1177 I. meM ajayapAla kI hatyA kara dI aura bhIma dvitIya rAjA huA ! paNDita sAlivAhana Thakkura zrI ujjayanta tIrtha (giranAra) ke neminAtha-mandira kI dIvAra para aMkita 1158 I. ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra ukta varSa Thakkara bharatha ke putra saMghavI Takkura sAlikAhana ne, jo eka vidvAn paNThita bhI the, zilpI jasaha aura sAvadeva se samasta jaina devatAoM kI pratimAe~ banavAkara usa varSa kI thaitra zukla 8 ravivAra ke dina ukta tIrtha para pratiSThita karAyI thIM aura nAgarizisa mAmaka kuNDa banavAkara, usakI cahAradIvArI bhI banavAyI aura usameM kuNDa kI adhiSThAtrI ambikAdevo kI mUrti tathA anya pAra bimba nirmANa karAyAra sthApita kiye the| uttara bhArata :: 25

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: senApati sajjana-solaMkI nareza bhIma dvitItha kA pradhAna senApati sajjana bhArI yuddhavIra aura sAtha hI parama dhArmika jaina zvAyaka thaa| bhIma jaba gaddI para baiThA to bAlaka hI thaa| ataH usakA aura usake rAjya kA vAstavika saMrakSaka yaha jaina vora sajjana hI thaa| rAjamAtA kA bhI usapara pUrNa vizvAsa thA, jise sajjana ke vidveSiyoM kI cugalI bhI vicalita nahIM kara skiiN| sajjana ke trikAla sAmayika kA niyama thA / yuddhabhUmi meM hAthI ke Upara baiThe-baiThe samaya para vaha ekAgracitta hokara do ghar3I apane isa AdhyAtmika kRtya kA sampAdana kara letA aura phira raNamerI phUMkakara apane kSAtradharma kA pAlana pracaNDatA ke sAtha krtaa| usI ke senApatitva meM saMcAlita gujarAta kI senA ne AbU parvata kI talahaTI meM zihAbuddIna morI-jaise pracaNDa yavana AkramaNakArI aura vijetA ko parAjita karake bhagA diyA thaa| isa tathya ko musalamAna itihAsakAra bhI svIkAra karate haiN| usake pazcAt 1195 I. meM kutubuddIna aibaka ko parAjita karane kA zreya bhI bIra sajjana ko hI hai| bhIma dvitIya kA antaHpurarakSaka lavaNaprasAda bhI jaina thA jo usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ke samaya meM rAjya kA kucha kAla ke lie prAyaH sarvesarvA lasara (dhavalApurI) isI kadhI jAgIra thii| mantrIzvara vastupAla-tejapAla...lAyaNaprasAda kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI ghorAkA kA sAmanta kIradhavala paryApta zaktizAlI, samRddha aura prabhAvazAlI thaa| usa sajA ke hI mantrI ye suprasiddha bhrAtadvaya vastupAla aura tejapAla the| ve usa pada para usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI vIsaladeva ke samaya meM bhI bane rahe aura usake uparAnta jaya 1243 I. meM isa bIsaladeva badhale ne antima solaMkI tribhuvanapAla ko gaddI se utArakara gujarAta ke siMhAsana para adhikAra kara liyA taba bhI apanI mRtyu paryanta pUrvavat usake rAjamantrI bane rhe| gujarAta rAjya ke hAsa evaM avanati ke usa yuga meM usake maurava aura pratiSThA ko bharasaka surakSA jina jaina dhIroM ne kI unameM yaha bandhuyugala-vastupAla aura tejapAla, pramukha evaM sarvAdhika smaraNIya haiN| ye donoM bhAI osavAla jAtIya dhanakubera, rAjanIti-vicakSaNa, bhArI yuddhavIra aura Adarza jaina the| mantrIzvara vastupAla ke mujarAta ke svarAjya ko naSTa hone se bacAne ke lie apane jIvana meM vesaTha bAra yuddhabhUmi meM gurjara sainya kA saMcAlana kiyA thaa| isa pracaNDa vIra kA svadharmAbhimAna itanA ugra thA ki eka sAdhAraNa jaina yAta kA apamAna karane ke aparAdha meM usane svabaM gujarezvara mahArAja zrIsaladeva ke mAmA kA hAtha kaTavA jhAlA. thaa| vaha nirmAtA bhI addhata thaa| AbU (delavAr3A) kA vizvavikhyAta jaina kalAdhAma, bhagavAn neminAtha kA advitIya mandira usane 1232 I. meM karor3oM rupaye ke vyaya se banavAyA thaa| serisA meM pArzvanAtha kA bhavya mandira usane banavAyA, anya aneka sthAnoM meM mavIna jinAlaya banavAye aura pusanoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| jaina dharmAyatanoM ke atirikta usane momanAtha, bhRgakSetra, zuklatIrtha, vaidhanAtha, dvArikA, ......: escenemiaakarsawakesintv.com 266 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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kAzI vizvanAtha, prayAga aura godAvarI Adi aneka hindU tIrthasthAnoM kI pUjA-arcA ke nimitta lAkhoM rupaye kA dAna diyA, saikar3oM brahmazAlAeM aura brahmapuriyA~ bnvaayiiN| pathikoM ke lAbha ke lie sthAna-sthAna meM kUpa aura cApikAe~ khudavAyoM, vATikAe~ ararat, sarovara banavAye, vidyApITha sthApita kiye, aneka grAmoM kI cahAradIvArI banavAyI aura arakSita sthAnoM meM durgoM kA nirmANa kiyA, saikar3oM zivAlayoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, vedapAThI brAhmaNoM kI varSAzana diye, yahA~ taka ki musalamAnoM ke lie bhI masjideM banavAyIM aura saMgamaramara (Arasapatthara) kA eka kalApUrNa sundara toraNa banavAkara makkA- zarIfa bijvaayaa| muni jinavijayajI ke anusAra "jainadharma kA prabhAva bar3hAne ke lie jitanA dravya usane vyaya kiyA thA utanA kisI anya ne kiyA ho, aisA itihAsa meM nahIM milatA / ke itihAsa meM bhI samartha Target Tila una sabameM mahAna thA aura jainadharma kA sarvazreSTha "vastupAla pratinidhi thaa| apane dharma meM atyanta custa hote hue bhI anya dharmo ke prati aisI udAratA baratanevAlA aura anya dharmasthAnoM ke lie isa DhaMga se lakSmI kA upayoga karanevAlA usake samAna anya koI puruSa bhAratavarSa ke itihAsa meM mujhe to dRSTigocara nahIM hotaa| jainadharma ne gujarAta ko vastupAla jaise asAdhAraNa sarvadharmasamadarzI aura mahAdAnI mahAmAtya kA anupama puraskAra diyA hai|" isake atirikta yaha caura mantrIzvara aura anabIra dharmAtmA bhArI paNDita, vidvAn, sukavi, vidyArasika aura vidvAnoM kA bhArI AzrayadAtA bhI thaa| usakI sukhada chAyA ke nIce usakA faresthAna dholakA gujarAta kA sarvamahAn vidyAdhAma bana gayA thA / vastupAla ke isa apratima vidhAmaNDala meM rAjapurohita somezvara, harihara paNDita, madana paNDita, mAnAka paNDita, nATyakAra subhaTa, yazovIra, arisiMha, amaracandrasUri, vijaya senasUri, udayasenasUri, naracandrasUri, bAlacandra, jayasiMhasUriM, mANikyacandra prabhRti jaina aura ajaina gRhastha evaM sAdhu vidvAn sammilita the, jinhoMne vastupAla ke Azraya meM vipula evaM zreSTha sAhitya sRjana kiyA thA / yazodhara, somAditya, vairisiMha, kamalAditya, dAmodara, jayadeva, vikala, kRSNasiMha, zaMkarasvAmI Adi anya aneka kaviyoM ko bhI vastupAla ne sahasroM rupaye dAna meM diye the| mantrIzvara tejapAla jyeSTha bhrAtA vastupAla kI chAyA the| jagar3azAha - vIsaladeva baghele ke zAsanakAla meM hI 1257 I. meM jaba gujarAta deza meM bhISaNa durbhikSa par3A to vastupAla aura tejapAla kI mRtyu sambhavatayA usake pUrva hI ho cukI thI, kintu tabataka eka aura jaina dAnavIra utpanna ho cukA thA / usakA nAma thA - jagar3azAha | isa dayAdharma ke pAlaka paropakArI udAra jaina seTha ne muktahasta se anna aura dhana vitaraNa karake asaMkhya duSkAla pIr3ita gujarAtiyoM ko jIvanadAna diyA thaa| isake atirikta jagaDraiseTha ne 8000 mUDa (svarNamudrAvizeSa) rAjA bIsaladeva ko 16,000 pUDa hammIra ko aura 21,000 mUDa sultAna ko ukta dRSkAla meM sahAyatArtha diye the, jaisA ki purAtana prabandha saMgraha se vidita hotA hai| uttara bhArata : 2.57

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zAhasamarA aura sAliMga-pATaNa (anhilavAr3A) ke ve jaina bandhuvugala bar3e udAra, dAnI, dharmAtmA aura dhanasampanna seTa the| jaba 1298 I. meM dillI ke sultAna alAuddIna khilajI ke senApati ulugakhoM aura nasarataqhoM ne gujarAta para bhISaNa AkramaNa karake karNa baghele kI parAjita kiyA aura usakI rAnI kamalAdevI aura putrI devaladevI ko pakar3akara dillI sultAna ke harama meM pahu~cA diyA, to gujarAta kI sta janatA ke sabase bar3e rakSaka aura sahAyaka yahI donoM jaina seTha-bandhu siddha hue| ukta pralayaMkArI AkramaNoM ke samaya AkrAnta jana sAdhAraNa aura dharma ko unhoMne adabhUta setarA kI thii| apane dhUla aura asAdhAraNa rAjakIya pahu~ca ke dvArA unhoMne jAne se bacA liyA saikar3oM jaina evaM ko musalamAnoM dvArA vidhya aura naSTa-bhraSTa hue devAlayoM kA punaruddhAra kiyA yA karAyA, sahasroM logoM ko musalamAnoM ke bandIkhAne se mukti dilAcI aura janatA ko sarvaprakAra AzvAsana evaM sahAyatA pradAna kI thii| 258 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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madhyakAla : pUrvArdha (lagabhaga 1200-1550 I.) gajanI ke sultAna muhammada gorI dvArA 1292 I. meM pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke aura agale varSa jayacanda gahar3avAla ke pUrNatayA parAjita kara diye jAne ke pariNAmasvarUpa dillI, ajamera aura kannauja para tukoM kA adhikAra ho gayA aura kucha varSoM ke bhItara dillI ko kendra banAkara paMjAba se lekara bihAra-baMgAla paryanta bahubhAga uttara bhArata para tuko kA zAsana sthApita ho gyaa| agale lagabhaga Der3ha sau varSa paryanta dillI ke sultAna hI uttara bhArata tathA bahubhAga dakSiNa bhI zira bhusAlalamAna tivAyAdha isa bIca gorI, gulAma, khilajI aura turAluka nAma ke cAra vaMza parivartana hue| taduparAnta dillI saltanata ke mAlavA, gujarAta, baMgAla, jaunapura, bahamanI Adi prAntoM ke sUbedAroM ne apanI svatantra sattAe~ sthApita kara lI aura eka ke sthAna meM kaI musalamAnI saltanate deza meM phaila gyiiN| sAtha hI candavAr3a, gvAliyara, mevAr3a, vijayanagara Adi kI kaI zaktizAlI hindU rAjya zaktiyA~ bhI udita huii| yaha sthiti 16boM zatI I. ke madhya ke kucha bAda laka clii| uparyukta turka sultAnoM dvArA adhikRta evaM zAsita pradezoM meM bhAratIya dharmoM aura unake anuyAyiyoM ko zocanIya sthiti thii| pratyeka vyakti yA varga ke lie apane jAna, mAla, immata, dharma aura saMskRti kI rakSA kA prazna satata aura sarvopari thaa| ina videzI, vidhamI, atyAcArI, niraMkuza zAsakoM meM dhArmika sahiSNutA kA prAyaH abhAva thaa| phira bhI yadi hindU, jaina Adi bhAratIya jana aura unake sAtha unakA dharma aura saMskRti bace rahe to isalie ki unheM sarvathA samApta kara denA vA musalamAna banA DAlanA ina zAsakoM ke lie bhI azakyAnuSThAna thaa| dUsare unake rAjanItika aura Arthika hita meM bhI nahIM thaa| ataeva dillI Adi ke musalamAna sultAnoM dvArA zAsita pradeza meM honevAle ullekhanIya jainoM kI aura unake dvArA kiye jAnevAle prabhAvaka dharma-kAryoM kI saMkhyA atyalpa hai| tathApi katipaya aise mahAbhAga usa kAla evaM ukta pradezoM meM bhI hue haiM jinhoMne apanI pratibhA, yogyatA evaM prabhAva se pratiSThA prApta kI aura jo sultAnoM mAsa sammAnita hue akSayA jinhoMne apane prabhAvaka dharmakAryoM dvArA apanI dharmaprANatA kA paricaya diyaa| madhyakAla : pUrvAdha :: 259

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tatkAlIna hindU rAjyoM meM jainoM kI sthiti apekSAkata kahIM adhika acchI rahI aura kinhIM meM tathA kinhIM kAloM meM to prAyaH sarvopari bhI rhii| dillI saltanata 1206 I. meM muhammada gorI kI mRtyu se lekara 1290 I. laka gulAma sultAnoM kA, 1240 se 1320 I. taka khilajI sultAnoM kA, 1321 se 1413 I. taka sug2alukoM kA, 1414 se 1151 I. taka saiyadoM kA, 1451 se 1526 I.taka lodI sultAnoM kA, __152 se 1539 I. taka mug2ala bAbara aura humAyU~ kA aura 1540 se 1556 I. taka vizI surakSAkA lAla ra __kahA jAtA hai ki muhammada gorI ne ajamera meM apanI begama ke Agraha para eka digambara jaina sAdhu, sambhavatayA basantakIrti ko rAjadarabAra meM bulAkara sammAnita kiyA thA aura gulAma sultAna gayAsuddIna balabana ke samaya meM 1272 I. meM yoginIpura (dillI) meM hI eka agravAla (agrotaka) parama dhAyaka ne, jo jinendra ke caraNa kamaloM kA bhakta thA, kundakundAcAryakRta 'paMcAstikAya' grantha kI prati likhAyI thii| bIsalasAhu--paTTaNanivAsI chaMge sAha ke pautra aura gaNavAna khelAsAha ke putra the| yaha yoginIpura (dillI) ke dhanI zrAvaka the| inakI patnI kA nAma bIro thA / DIsala sAhu ne kaNha ke putra Thakkura paNDita upanAma gandharva-kavi se, jo inhIM ke Azraya meM rahate the, puSpadanta viracita 'yazodharacarita' sunAne ke lie kahA, aura use sunakara vaha icchA prakara kI ki usameM rAjA aura kaula kA prasaMga, yazodhara kA Azcaryajanaka vivAha aura mavAntara bhI racakara sammilita kara diye jAe~ to vaha caritra pUrNa ho jAya / kavi ne unhIM ke ghara sukha se susthitipUrvaka rahate hue vi. saM. 1365 (sana 1998 I.) meM prathama vaizAkha kI zukla 3 (akSayatRtIyA) somavAra ke dina ke tIna prakaraNa racakara pUrNa kiye aura sAhu kI icchApUrti kI thii| usa samaya sultAna alAuddIna khilajI kA zAsana thaa| seTha pUraNacanda-alAuddIna khilajI ke zAsanakAla {1200-1846 I.) meM rAjadhAnI dillI ke nagaraseTa pUraNacanda the jo jAti ke agravAla vaizya aura dharma se digambara jaina the| apanI samAja meM bhI tathA sultAna ke darabAra meM bhI unakA sammAnanIya evaM pratiSTita sthAna thaa| 'sukRtasAgara' nAmaka grancha meM unake lie 'alAuddIna zAkhani mAnya pada kA prayoga kiyA hai| sayo (mAdho) aura cetana nAmaka do nAstika daravAriyoM kI preraNA para sultAna meM dillI ke jainoM se kahA ki apane dharma kI parIkSA deN| unake netA pUraNacanda ne kucha vyaktiyoM ko tatkAlIna bhaTTAraka mAdhavasena ke pAsa bhejA, jo usa samaya dakSiNApatha meM nivAsa kara rahe the| dillI ke jainoM kI prArthanA para AcArya dillI Aye aura apanI viddhatA; zAstrArtha tathA camatkAroM dvArA sulatAna aura usake darabAriyoM ko prabhAvita kiyaa| unhoMne dillI 2ify :: pramukha aitihAsika jaima puruSa aura mahilAeM

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AvArya zrI suvinI kA se meM apane kASThA-mAdhuragaccha puSkaraNa kI gaddI bhI sthApita kara dI, jo taba se lekara gata zatAbdI ke prAyaH anta taka banI rhii| AcArya mAdhavasena ne sulatAna kaI pharamAna bhI prApta kiye the| isI samaya ke lagabhaga nandisaMgha ke AcArya prabhAcandra ne bhI dillI meM apanA paTTa sthApita kiyA thaa| sultAna kA faramAna aura sahAyatA prApta karake seTa pUraNacandra dillI aura AsapAsa ke jainoM kA eka bar3A saMgha giranAra tIrtha kI yAtrA ke lie le gaye the usI samaya gujarAta ke prasiddha zvetAmbara seTa desare bhI sasaMgha giranAra kI vandanA ke lie phuNce| pahale kauna se AmnAya vAle vandanA kareM, isa prazna ko lekara kucha vivAda huA, kintu donoM netAoM evaM anya vRddhajanoM kI buddhimattA evaM saujanya se donoM daloM ne sadbhAvapUrvaka eka sAtha tIrtha- vandanA kii| 3 ka pethaDazAha -- tatkAlIna gujarAta ke eka dhanI mAnI seTha the| vaha zvetAmbara sampradAya ke anuyAyI the| sarakArI pharamAna lekara unhoMne giranAra tathA zatruMjaya Adi anya tIrthoM kI sasaMgha yAtrAe~ kI thiiN| ratnamaNDanagaNikRta 'sukRtasAgara' antargata 'pethaDazAha tIrthayAtrA-daya-prabandha meM isa zrAvaka seTha kI tIrtha-yAtrAoM kA varNana hai| f alAuddIna khilajI ne bhar3auca ke digambara muni zrutavIrasvAmI kA tathA zvetAmbara yati rAmacandrasUri aura jinacandrasUri kA sammAna kiyA batAyA jAtA hai| usake uttarAdhikArI kutubuddIna mubArakazAha khilajI (1316-20 I.) ko jainAcArya jinaprabhasUri ne prabhAvita kiyA batAyA jAtA hai| seTha divarAya - dillI ke zvetAmbara seTha vivarAya (devarAja) ne isI samaya ke area rAjAjJA lekara sasaMgha zatruMjaya kI yAtrA kI thI aura dharmaprabhAvanA ke kArya kiye the| Thakkura pheru-dillI ke khilajI sultAnoM ke zAsanakAla meM Thakkura ke nAma ke eka jaina zAhI ratnaparIkSaka aura sarakArI TakasAla ke adhyakSa the| sAtha hI vaha bar3e vidvAna aura vaijJAnika lekhaka bhI the| unhoMne 1290 I. meM 'yugapradhAna - caupAI, ' 1915 I. meM 'ratnaparIkSA' 'dravya dhAtu utpatti' 'vAstusAra prakaraNa' aura 'joIsAra' nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kI thI aura usake uparAnta bhI kaI anya grantha race the| sUra aura vIra- prAvATakula meM utpanna yaha do jaina bhrAtA the jo bar3e sukRtI, dAnI aura yazasvI the| ye maNDapadurga (yA~) ke nivAsI the| sultAna gayAsuddIna tug2aluka (1820-25 I.) ne ina donoM bhAiyoM ko pratiSThita saradAra banAkara apane fuge meM sammilita kiyA thaa| kahIM-kahIM vIra ke sthAna meM nAnaka likhA hai| zrAvaka rathapati - zrImAla jAtIya seTha haMsa ke putra, dillI nivAsI dhanI evaM dharmAtmA zrAvaka the| unhoMne 1923 I. meM gayAsuddIna tugalaka se zAhI faramAna prApta karake sasaMgha tIrtha-yAtrA kI thI, jise pUrA karake 5 mAsa bAda vaha dillI lauTe the| pATana ke seTha samarAzAha - pATana gujarAta ke osavAla jaina seTha samarazAha madhyakAla pUrvArtha: 261

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(tamarAzAha yA samarasiMha) usa kAla ke dhanI, prabhAvazAlI evaM rAjyamAnya zrAvaka the| khilajI sultAnoM ke zAsanakAla meM hI unhoMne zabaMjaya tIrtha kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA aura unake prAntIya sUbedAra alapakhA~ kI AjJA prApta karake eka yAtrA saMgha bhI nikAlA thA, jisakI rakSArtha unakI prArthanA para sUbedAra ne 10 mIra (sainika jamAdAra) unake sAtha kara diye the| sultAna gayAsuddIna tug2aluka seTha samarazAha ko putravat mAnatA thA aura rAjyakArya se usane unheM taliMgAnA bhejA thaa| usakA uttarAdhikArI muhammada tuluka (1325-51 I.) bhI unheM bhAI-jaisA mAnatA thA, aura usane unheM teliMgAne kA zAsaka niyukta kiyA thaa| sAhu vAdhU-dillI ke eka pratiSThita jaina seTha the| jaba muhammada tug2aluka ne 1327 I. meM dillI kA parityAga karake devagiri (daulatAbAda) ko rAjadhAnI banAyA to dillI ujAr3a ho gyii| usa samaya sAhu vAdhU bhI dillI chor3akara dapharAbAda meM jA base, jahA~ jamhole aneka zAstroM ko pratilipiyoM karAyI aura 'zUlapaMcamI-kadhA' (bhaviSya-dattakathA) svayaM likhI aura yA kisI vidvAn likhAyA thiiN| sAhu mahIpAla-dillI ke agravAlavaMzI jaina the, jinake putroM ne 1394 I. meM mahAkavi puSpadanta ke uttarapurANa' kI prati likhavAyI thii| sAhu sAniyA-mUlataH pATananivAsI agravAla jaina thA aura dillI meM Akara basa gayA thaa| vaha aura usakA parivAra sampanna hone ke sAtha-hI-sAtha bar3A dhArmika thaa| rAjadhAnI tugalakAbAda (dillI) ke zAhI kile ke kSetra meM hI daravAra-caityAlaya nAma kA eka jaina mandira vidyamAna thA, jisake nikaTa hI sAha sAgiyA ke putra-pautrAdika rahate the| isase vidita hotA hai ki yaha parivAra pratiSThita aura rAjyamAnya thA 1 ina logoM meM 1342 I. meM ukta caityAlaya meM eka mahAn pUjotsava kiyA thA ! ukta avasara para zAstradAna ke rUpa meM aneka granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ bhI karAyI gayI thIM, jinakA lekhaka (lipikAra) gandharva kA putra paNDita bAhaDa thaa| isa parivAra ke guru kASThAsaMdhI AcArya nayasena ke ziSya bhaTTAraka durlabhasena the, jinakA sulatAna bhI Adara karatA thaa| yaha guru sambhavatayA ukta darabAra-dhesyAlaya meM hI virAjate the| sAhu sAgiyA aura unake putroM ne vizeSakara pA~ca grantha sakala saMgha ke samakSa virAjamAna kiye the| sultAna muhammada bina tug2aluka (1925-51 I.) eka vivAdAspada vicitra caritravAlA niraMkuza kintu udAra aura vidyApremI nareza sh| dillI ke sulatAnoM meM usakA rAjya sarvAdhika vistRta aura zaktizAlI thA, kintu usake sanakI svabhAva, vicitra yojanAoM evaM abhiyAnoM ke kAraNa usake bharate hI saltanata kA jhulavega se patana hone lagA aura eka-eka karake sabhI prAntIya sUbedAra svatantra ho gye| tathApi usa yuga kI dRSTi se dhArmika sahiSNutA bhI usameM anya sultAnoM kI apekSA adhika thii| apane zAsana ke prathama varSa meM hI usane rAjya ke jainoM (sayUragAna yA sarAogAna, 262 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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arthAt zrAdhako) ke hitArtha eka faramAna jArI kiyA thaa| prAyaH tabhI nandisaMgha ke mahAraka ralakIrti ke paTTa para mahAraka prabhAcandra kA bhArI mahotsava ke sAtha paTTAbhiSeka huA thA aura vaha dillI paTTAdhIza kahalAye the, jaisA ki unake ziSya kavi dhanapAla dvAsa racita 'bAhubalicarita' ke ullekhoM se prakaTa hai| usI meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki ina munirAja ne dAdiyoM kA mAna bhaMjana karake ukta muhammadazAha kA cita anuraMjita kiyA thaa| 'vivitIyakalpa ke saritA jinapari kA bhI jisane sAta grantha dillI meM hI 1334 I. meM pUrNa kiyA thA, sulatAna ne sammAna kiyA thA aura unheM kaI faramAna diye the, jinake AdhAra para ukta AcArya ne hastinApura, mathurA Adi aneka tIrthoM kI saMgha sahita yAtrAe~ kI thIM aura aneka dharmotsava kiye the| rAjadarasAra meM unhoMne bAdiyoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha bhI kiye batAye jAte haiN| unake ziSya jinadevasari bahuta samaya taka rAjadhAnI meM rahe aura sulatAna dvArA sammAnita hAe the| yati mahendrasUri kA bhI sultAna ne sammAna kiyA thaa| jinadevasUri ke kahane se sultAna ne kannAnanagara kI mahAvIra-pratimA dillI meM maMgAyI jo kucha dina tupAlakAbAda ke zAhI khajAne meM bhI rahI, tadanantara upayukta devAlaya meM virAjamAna kara dI gyii| eka poSadhazAlA bhI usa samaya dillI meM sthApita huI thii| sultAna kI mA~ makhadUmejahI begama bhI jaina guruoM kA Adara karatI thii| sultAna kA kRpApAtra dharAdhara nAmaka jyotiSI bhI sambhavatayA jaina dhaa| isa sulatAna kA uttarAdhikArI usakA cacerA bhAI phIrojazAha tug2aluka {1351-88 I.) huaa| bhaTTAraka prabhASandra ko, jo digambara muni the, isa sultAna ne apane mahala meM Amantrita kiyA thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki isa avasara para unheM paraba dhAraNa karane par3e the| sultAna aura begamoM ko darzana evaM upadeza dekara muni jaba svasthAna para lauTe to punaH vastra utAra diye aura ukta asatkarma ke lie prAyazcitta kiyaa| tathApi uttara bhArata meM tabhI se vastradhArI bhaTTAraka prathA kA prArambha huA kahA jAtA hai| sukavi rana-zekharasUri kA bhI isa sulatAna ne sammAna kiyA batAyA jAtA hai| meraTha aura ToparA se yaha sulatAna azoka-stoM ko ukhavAkara dillI meM se AyA thaa| unAvara aMkita lekhoM ko par3havAne ke lie usane jina vidvAnoM ko bulAyA thA, unameM brAhmaNya pagir3atoM ke atirikta jaina (sayUragAna) vidvAn bhI the| usake samaya meM dillI meM 'bhagavatI-ArAdhanA-paMjikA', 'bRhada-dravyasaMgraha' Adi kaI jaina granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ banI thIM / tAlakavaMza kA anta 1414 I. meM huA aura tadanantara 1 45th I. laka bAra saiyada sulatAnoM ne dillI para kramazaH rAmdha kiyaa| sAha hemarAja-hisAra nivAsI agravAla jaina sAha hemarAja dillI ke sulatAna saiyada mubArakazAha ke, jo saMvada khimakhAM ke uparAnta 1421 I. meM mAhI para baiThA thA, rAjamantrI the aura kASThAsaMdhI bhaTTAraka yaza kIrti ke gRhastha-ziSya the| inhone eka bhaya cailyAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thA, hastinApura tIrtha kI yAtrA ke lie eka saMdha madhyakAla : pUrvArdha :: 268

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calAyA thA aura svaguru yazaHkIrti se 'pANDavapurANa kI racanA 1440 I. meM karAyI thii| rAja ke pitAmaha kA nAma jAlasAhu pitAmahI kA niujI, pitA kA bIlhAsAhu aura mAtA kA nAhI thaa| palhaNa sAraMga, kaulA aura vasaNa unake cAra bhAI the / yahaNa kA putra golhaNa thA / hemarAja kI patnI kA nAma devarAjI thA aura DUMgara, udharaNa tathA haMsarAja nAma ke tIna putra the / sArA parivAra jinabhakta aura dhArmika thaa| jinadharma kA dina pratidina hAsa hotA jA rahA hai, yaha dekhakara guNavAn mantrapravara hemarAja bar3e cintita rahate the aura isalie dharma ke hita meM kiye jAnevAle kAryoM meM Alasya nahIM karate the| unake guru bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti tathA inake jyeSTha bhAI (sa) evaM guru muni guNakIrti svayaM vidvAn aura saMyamI santa the / unhoMne sthAna-sthAna meM bhramaNa karake jana sAmAnya ko dharma kA upadeza diyA, aneka grantha race, purAne granthoM kI lipiyA~ karAcIM aura AvakoM kA sthirIkaraNa kiyaa| Dugara paData surajana paNDita, paNDitavara rahadhU Adi vidvAnoM aura sAha hemarAja jaise aneka dharmAtmA evaM dhanI zrAvakoM kA unheM sahayoga prApta thA / diudAsAhu - yoginIpura (dillI) meM bhavyajanoM ke mana kI haranevAle, agravAla- kula-kamala- dineza gargagotrIya diucanda (devacanda) sAhu nivAsa karate the| apane dAna ke lie prasiddha satya aura zIla kI AdhAra bAluhi nAma kI unakI mAryA thii| unake cAra putroM meM jyeSTha yaha saMghahI diuAsA the| anya tIna bhAI imAhi, AsarAu aura cocA sAhU the| divacanda ke bhAI agnadeva ke putra moha lakhamaNa aura govinda the aura govinda kA pitRbhakta putra jinadAsa thaa| disA kI pulhAhI aura lADo nAma kI do patniyA~ thiiN| lADo se unakA putra guNavAn vIradAsa thA, jisakA putra udayacanda thaa| isa prakAra yaha bhasapUrA sampanna evaM jinabhakta parivAra thA / saMghahI viuersAha hI usa samaya parivAra ke mukhiyA the| vaha paMcaparameSThI ke ArAdhaka, jinendra kI trikAla pUjA karanevAle, ratnatraya ke arthaka, paMcendriyoM ko vaza meM rakhanevAle, paMca madhyAtva se dUra rahanevAle, caturvidhasaMgha ko dAna dene meM tatpara aura argyoga ke zAstroM ke paThana-zravaNa meM ruci rakhanevAle dharmAtmA Avaka the| sudarzana ke sAtha unakI tulanA kI jAtI thii| unhoMne apane kulaguru vidvAn munirAja yazaHkIrti se apabhraMza bhASA meM 'harivaMzapurANa' kI racanA karAyI thI aura muni ne 1449 I. meM indrapura (sambhavatayA alavara jile meM tijArA ke nikaTa sthita ) meM, jahA~ nabAba jalAlaqhA~ kA zAsana thA, use pUrNa kiyA thaa| jalAlakhA~ saiyada sulatAnoM ke adhIna sambhavatayA mevAta kA ardhasvatantra zAsaka thA / AMARN sAhu thIlhA - bhAyANadeza (bhadrAnaka, kyAnA) ke zrIpathanagara (kyAna) ke agravAlavaMzI dharmAtmA zrAvaka seTha the| usa samaya vahA~ auhadIvaMzI navAba dAUdakha kA zAsana thaa| sAhu thIllA ke pitA seTha lakhamadeba kI vAlhAhI aura mahAdevI nAma kI do patniyA~ thiiN| prathama se khiusI evaM holU nAma ke do putra the aura dUsarI se 264 pramukha jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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devasI, tholhA. mallidAsa aura kanthadAsa nAma ke tAra ena the| yaha pUrA parivAra dhanI aura dharmAtmA thaa| sAha thImA inameM pramukha the| yaha rAjyamAnya, udAra, dAnI aura vidyArasika the| unakI do patniyoM thIM aura tihugapAla evaM rAma nAma ke do putra the / sAha thAhA ne mItalagotrIya agravAla jaina saMghAdhipa sItA ke suputra sukavi paNDita lejapAla se prArthanA karake unase apabhraMza bhASA ke 'sambhavamAtha-carita' kI racanA karAyI thii| inhIM tejapAla ne isI zrIpathanagara ke nivAsI khaNDelavAla sAha jAlhu ke pautra aura tharmAnurakta dayAvanta sUlA sA ke jyeSTha putra raNamala tathA usake putra tAha kI prArthanA para 1450 I. meM apane 'vasaMgacarita' kI racanA kI thii| gar3hAsAva. dillI praznama lodI mullA khAna (TESTI karaka uccapadastha rAjakarmacArI the| yaha padhyapradeza meM sAgara jile ke nivAsI the aura sambhavatayA kSetrIya zAsana meM kisI pada para the| unake suputra tAraNasvAmI prasiddha jaina santa hue, jinhoMne mUrtipUjA kA virodha kiyA aura apanA tAraNa-pantha claayaa| isa panya ke anuyAyI samaiyA jainI kahalAte haiM aura Aja bhI madhyapradeza ke sAgara Adi kaI jiloM meM pAye jAte haiN| dIvAna dIpaga evaM saMghAdhipa kulicandra-sulatAna bahalola ke rAjya meM pANIpathadurga (pAnIpata) meM mItalagotrI agravAla sAha caudharI lauMga the jo deza-videza meM dIvAna dIpaga ke mAma se vikhyAta the aura caturvidhadAnAyaka the| unake pA~ca meM se tIsare putra saMghAdhipa kulicandra the| yaha parivAra bahuta bar3A thA, sampanna, rAjamAnya aura devazAstraguru kA bhakta thaa| kASThAsaMdhI guNabhadra usake AmnAya guru the| zullikA jinamatI kI preraNA se 1485 I. meM kulicandra ke bhAI indrarAja ke putra varambhadAsa ne 'jJAnArNava' kI prati likhAyI thii| anya dharma-kArya bhI kiye gye| caudharI devarAja-sultAna sikandara lodI ke samaya meM siMghala-gotrI agravAla jaina caudharI cImA dhe, jo vyApAriyoM meM pramukha the, rAjamAnya the, devazAstra-gurubhakta the aura dukhI janoM kA poSaNa karanevAle guNanidhAna the| karNATaka ke jaina guru vizAlakIrti se hI dharmAtmA zrAvakoM ke prayAsa se isa sultAna dvArA sammAnita hue the| caudharI cImA ke putra karamacanda, arahadAsa aura caudharI mahaNa (mahAgacanda) the| mahaNacanda kI patnI khemAhI se prastuta caudharI devarAja kA janma huA thA, jo jinadharma-dhurandhara, dharmanidhi, dhamakanakaMcana sampanna, aneka sadguNoM se yukta the aura prabuddha the| inakI preraNA se paM. mANikyarAja ne 'amarasenamuni-caritra' kI racanA kI thI, jise unhoMne 1519 I. meM pUrNa kiyA thaa| __ caudharI ToDaramalla-jaisavAla ikSvAkuvaMzI caudharI pasI ke suputra ina rAyaraMjana caudharI ToDaramala kI preraNA se kavi mANikyarAja ne 1522 I. meM apabhraMza bhASA ke apane 'nAgakumAracaritra' kI racanA kI thii| kavi svayaM jAyasavAla kula meM utpanna budha sUrA aura unakI bhAryA dIpA ke suputra the| madhyakAla : pUrvAdha :: 265

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saMghAdhipa sAdhAraNa-dillInivAsI gargagotrI agravAla sAha 'bhImarAja the, jinhoMne hastinApura Adi lIyoM ke lie saMgha calAyA thA, ataH saMghAdhiSa kahalAte the| unake paMcaperu ke samAna pA~ca suputra the, jinameM se dUsare putra jJAnacandra the| inakI bhAryA kA nAma zivarAnI thaa| unhIM ke suputra mahAbhadhdha saMghAdhipa sAdhAraNa sAhU the jo kuzala vyApArI aura ati dhanavAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha mArI vidvAna aura tIrthabhakta bhI the| unhoMne hastinApura, sammedazikhara, pAvApura, zajhuMjaya Adi tIrthoM kI sasaMgha yAtrA kI thii| unakI preraNA se illarAja ke putra kavi mahinda (mahAcanda) ne zAha bAbara ke zAsanakAla meM dillI meM hI, 1530 I. meM 'zAntimAthacaritra' (apabhraMza) kI racanA kI thii| sAha sAdhAraNa ne eka jinAlaya kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thaa| _1554 I. meM humAyU~ ke bhAI aura lAhaura ke sUbedAra kAmarAna ne bhAvadevapUri kI sahAyatA kI thii| vaidyarAja rekhApapiDataraNastambha durga (raNathambhaura) ke nikaTastha navalakSapura (nAlachA) ke nivAsI eka prasiddha jaina vaidyavaMza meM utpanna hue the| unake pUrvaja haripati paNDita ko padyAvatIdevI siddha thI aura vaha fIrojazAha tug2aluka dvArA sammAnita hue the| unake suputra vaidyarAja padamA paNDita ne sAkambharI nagara meM eka sundara jinAlaya banavAyA thA, jinendra-zakalyANaka-pratiSThA kI thI aura mAlavA ke sulatAra gayAsutIna se bahuta mAnyatA prApta kI thii| unake suputra prasiddha vaidyarASTra biMza dAnapUjA meM advitIya, sarvavidyAvidAmbara the aura unhoMne mAlathA ke sulatAna nasIruddIna se prabhUta utkarSa prApta kiyA thaa| unake bhAI suhajana vivekavAn, sarvajanopakArI, jinadharmAcArI aura vAdigajendrasiMha the| piMjha ke putra sabaidyaziromaNi dharmadAsa the, jinheM pAyAvatIdevI siddha thI aura mAlavA ke sultAna mahamUdazAha ne bahumAnatA pradAna kI thii| unakI bhAryA deyAdipUjAratA, dInopakAratA, samyagdRSTiyuktA, saubhAgyAdi-guNAnvitA dharmazrI thii| inake suputra varaguNanilaya, vividhajananuta, dhairyameru, buddhisindhu, pratApI, prasiddha vaidyAdhIza rekhApaNDita the| zerazAhasUrI ke raNathambhaura AkramaNa ke samaya (1543 I. meM) rekhApaNDita ne isa sulatAna kI gambhIra roga se saphala cikitsA karake usase bar3A sammAna prApta kiyA thaa| rekhApaNDita kI bhAryA RSizrI se usake jinadAsa nAma kA paNDita evaM dharmAtmA putra huA thaa| jinadAsa kI patnI javaNAde se usakA putra nArAyaNadAsa huA jo apane pitAmaha rakhApaNDita) kI A~khoM kA tArA thaa| jinadAsa ne 1551 I. meM nAlachA ke nikaTastha serapure ke zAntinAtha-caityAlaya meM, jo usake dvArA hI pratiSThApita thA, saMskRta bhASA ke 'holI-reNukA-dharitra' kI racanA kI thii| yaha muni lalitakIrti kA ziSya thaa| isa samaya salImazAhasUrI kA zAsanakAla thaa| isI sultAna ke zAsanakAla meM dillI meM puSpadantakRta (apabhraMza) AdipurANa' kI atyanta sundara sacitra prati banI thI jisameM 135 citra haiM aura unameM se adhikAMza 26 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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svAMkita haiN| salImazAhasUrI ke samaya meM anya aneka jaina grantha-pratiyA~ dillI evaM anyatra likhI-likhAyo gyiiN| mAlavA kI svatantra musalamAnI saltanata 1387 I. se 1564 I. taka rhii| isakI rAjadhAnI mANDU thii| ina sulatAnoM ke zAsanakAla meM kaI prasiddha rAjamAnya jaina parivAra hue haiM, jinameM se nAlachA ke vaidyarAja rekhApaNDita ke ukta sultAnI dvArA sammAnita pUrvajoM kA ullekha rekhApaNDita ke paricaya ke antargata kiyA jA cukA saMghapati holicandra-tribhuvanapAla aura ambikA kA suputra saMghezvara sAhu holicandra ghar3A dhana-vaibhava sampanna, pratApI, udAra, dAnazIla, sugavAna aura dharmAtmA sajana thaa| usane kaI jinamandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA aura dholAva kiye the| mUlasaMdhAntargata nandisaMgha-zAradAgaccha-balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka panandi ke ziSya bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kA yaha bhakta ziSya thA / maNDapapura (mApaDU) ke sulatAna AlamazAha (alapakhA~) upanAma hogA gorI ke zAsanakAla meM, 1424 I. meM isa saMdhAdhipa holisAha ne devagar3ha meM svasuru ke upadeza se muni vasantakIrti tathA payanandi kI aura kaI tIrthakaroM kI pratimAe~ pratiSThita karAvI thiiN| isa kArya meM svayaM usase putra-pautrAdi, sAhu dehA ke vaMzaja, gargagotrI agravAla sAha kSomA ke putra vIlhA aura haru ke putra tarahaNa Adi anya zrAvakoM kA bhI sahayoga thaa| mAlavA meM isa kAla meM digambara AmnAya ke nandI, kASThA aura senasaMdhoM ke pRthaka-pRthak paTTa vidyamAna the| devagar3ha meM 1436 I. meM bhI eka pratiSThA huI thI aura 1459 I. meM bambagala meM maNDalAdhArya ralakIrti meM vRhatpAca-jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karAkara usameM dasa basatikAe~ kaI dharmAtmA zrAvakoM ke sahayoga se sthApita kI thiiN| mantrIzvara maNDana-mAlavA ke rAjamantriyoM ke prasiddha vaMza meM utpanna huA thaa| usakA pitAmaha saMghapati jhampaNa pATana ke prasiddha seTha peyaSTazAha kA sambandhI thA aura 14vIM zatI ke madhya ke lagabhaga mAlavA ke sUbedAroM kA rAjamantrI thaa| vaha somezvara cauhAna ke mantrI, jAlaura ke sonagazagotrI zrIpAla AmU kA vaMzaja thaa| usake putra bAhaDa aura padya mAlavA ke antima sUjhedAra aura prathama sulatAna dilAvarakhA~ upanAma zahAbuddIna gorI (1387-1405 I.) ke mantrI the| bAhara kA putra yaha mantrIzvara maNDana sultAna hozaMgazAha gorI (1405-32 I.) kA mahApradhAna thaa| vaha bar3A zAsana-kuzala, rAjanItijJa, mahAn vidvAn aura sAhityakAra thaa| isa sarvavizavizArada, mahAmantrI ne kAvyamaNDana', 'dhAramaNDana', 'saMgItamaNDana', 'sArasvatamaNTana' Adi vividhaviSayaka mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI racanA kI thii| maNDana ke cacere bhAI saMghapati dhanadarAja ne 1434 I. meM 'zatakatraya' kI racanA kI thii| madhyakAla : pUrvAdha :: 267

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...APANE n eswain bhavatA mana hI zreya anAsahIna kA mantrI thA aura use 'mapharala-malika' upAdhi prApta thii| maNTana kA bhatIjA puMjarAja bhI ucca pada para AsIna thA aura hinduA rAya-dIra' kahalAtA thaa| usane 151060 I. meM 'sArasvata-prakriyA' nAmA vyAkaraNa kI dIkA racI thI aura yati IzvarasUri se lAlatAMgacarita' kI racanA karAyo thii| isI sulatAna gayAsuddIna ke zAsana meM jerATa nagara ke membinAtha-jinAlaya meM bhaSTrAraka zrutakIrti ne, 1445 I. meM 'harivaMzapurANa' kI aura 15909 I. meM, usI sthAna meM saMpatti jayasiMha, zaMkara aura nemidAsa kI preraNA se 'parameSThi prakAzamAra' kI racanA kI thI, jisameM sultAna ke putra zAhanasIra, pradhAna mantrI puMjarAja aura gajapAla IzvaradAsa kA bhI ullekha hai| inhIM sada dharma-premI sajjanoM kA ullekha AcArya zrutakIrti ne usI sthAna meM 1495 I. meM racita apane 'dharmaparIkSA' mApaka grantha meM bhI kiyA hai| saMgrAmasiMha sonI-sambhavatayA sonIgotrI khaNDelavAla dharmAtmA saMha the| unhoMne 1461 I. meM ujjaina ke nikaTa maksI meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA mandira banavAyA thA jo masI-pArzvanAtha tIrtha ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| gujarAta ke sulatAna--gajarAta meM usa kAla meM bhI aneka lakSAdhIza evaM kosthAdhIza jaina vyApArI aura seTha the| aneka jaina bastiyA~, mandira aura tIrthasthAna the| zvetAmbara sampradAya kA yahA~ prAdhAnya thA, kintu digambara sATabAmai-saMgha kA bhI kAfI prabhAva thA aura sUrata, sojitrA, bhar3auca, IDara Adi sthAnoM meM nandisaMgha Adi ke digambarI bhaSTArakoM kI gar3iyA~ bhI sthApita ho cukI thiiN| aneka mahatvapUrNa jainagranthoM kI, vizeSakara zvetAmbara vidvAnoM dvArA vahI racanA huii| kaI sthAnoM meM granthoM kI pratilipiyoM karane kA kArya bhI bar3e paimAne para hotA thaa| isI kAla meM ahamadAbAda ke lokAzAha (1420-76 I.) nAmaka eka sudhAraka ne luMkAmata yA lokAmaccha kI sthApanA kI thI jo Age calakara jainoM kA zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI sampradAya kahalAyA, jo mAtra sAdhumAgI thA aura mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM kA virodha karatA thaa| saMghavI maNDalika-kezavavaMzIya daNDAmotrIya osavAla zAha AzA aura usakI bhAryA saukhU ke putra saMghavI maNDalika ne 1458 I. meM AbU ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM ambikA kI mUrti aura pArzvanAtha kI cAra pratimAoM kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| hIrAI aura rohiNI usakI patniyA~ thI, sAjana putra thA aura jinacandrasUri usake guru saMghavI sahasA-poravAla jAtIya saMghavI ku~varapAla kA pautra aura saMghavI sAlika kA putra thaa| usane acalagar3ha meM, sajA jagamAla ke rAjya meM 1509 I. meM caturmukha mandira kA nirmANa karAke AdinAtha kI pittatAmaya pratimAe~ tapagar3I muni jayakalyANasUri se pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| isa kAla meM pATana, ahamadAbAda, mANDU Adi ke aneka osayAla zrAvakoM ne 26 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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AbU, acalagar3ha, delavAr3A Adi sthAnoM meM bhinna-bhinna samayoM para saikar3oM pratimAe~ pratiSThita karAyI thIM, yAtrA saMgha bhI calAye the / mahAsAra- nareza rAjanAthadeva isa rAjA ke rAjya evaM prazraya meM mahAsAranagara (bihAra prAnta ke Asa nagara ke nikaTastha masAda yA masAra) meM 1986 I. kI jyeSTha zukla paMcamI guruvAra ke dina kASThAsaMdhI muni kamalakIrti ne eka jinamandira aura AdinAtha, neminAtha Adi kaI tIrthakara pratimAoM kI pratiSThA kI thii| yaha pratiSThA jaisavAlavaMzI raMgAcArya (sAraMga ? ) ke putra karAyI kI yukri bhI phAlana candravADa ke cauhAna nareza aura unake jaina mantrI AgarA nagara ke pUrva-dakSiNa aura gvAliyara rAjya ke uttara meM, yamunA aura cambala ke madhyavartI pradeza meM asAIkher3A ke bharoM kA rAjya thA, jo jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| unake patana ke uparAnta isa pradeza meM candrapAla cauhAna ne apanA rAjya jamAyA aura candraers (candrapATa) ko, jisake bhagnAvazeSa AgarA jile meM phIrojAbAda ke nikaTa pAye jAte haiM, apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| usake atirikta isa cauhAna rAjya meM rAyavaddiya, raparI, hathikanta, zauripura, AgarA Adi kaI anya nagara yA durga the| kAlAntara meM aTera, hathikanta aura zauripura meM jaina bhaTTArakoM kI gaddiyA~ bhI sthApita ho gayIM / candrapAla svayaM jainI thA aura usakA dIvAna rAmasiMha hArula bhI jainI thA / candrapAla ke uttarAdhikArI bharatapAla aura usakA nagaraseTha haNa nAmaka jaina thA / tadanantara abhayapAla aura usake uttarAdhikArI jADa ke zAsanakAla meM ukta hallaNa kA putra amRtapAla rAjya kA pradhAnamantrI thA jo jinabhakta, saptavyasanavirata, dayAlu aura paropakArI thA / tadanantaraM amRtapAla kA putra sAhu soDU mantrI huA jo jAhaDa aura usake putra baltAla ke samaya meM usa pada para rhaa| ballAla ke uttarAdhikArI Aiyamalla ( lagabhaga 1257 I.) ke samaya meM soDU kA jyeSTha putra ratnapAla (rahaNa) rAjya kA nagaraseTha thA aura usakA anuja kRSNAditya (kaNDa ) pradhAnamantrI evaM senApati thaa| dillI ke gulAma sultAnoM ke viruddha isa jaina vIra ne kaI saphala yuddha kiye the| usane aneka jinamandiroM kA bhI nirmANa karAyA thA aura tribhuvanagiri nivAsI jaisavAla vaMzI kavi lakSmaNa (lAkha) se apabhraMza bhASA meM 'aNuvrataratnapradIpa' nAmaka dharmagrantha kI racanA 1256 I. meM karAyI thii| kavi ne isa dharmaprANa vIra rAjamantrI ke sadguNoM kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| kRSNAditya kA bhatIjA zivadeva bhI zreSTha vidvAn evaM kalAmarmajJa thA aura apane pitA rajapAla ke pazcAt rAjyaseTha banA thA | kaI pIr3hI paryanta rAjyamAnya banA rahanevAlA yaha sampanna seThoM aura kuDAla rAjamantriyoM ke pUre parivAra meM dharmadhurandhara aura apane cauhAna rAjya kA stambha thaa| madhyakAla pUrvArdha : 269

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isa samaya taka sambhavatayA rAyavAhiya pramukha rAjadhAnI rahI aura candravADa uparAjadhAnI, tadanantara candravADa hI mukhya rAjadhAnI ho gyii| kahA jAtA hai isa nagara (candravADa) meM 1 jaina pratiSThAe~ huI thiiN| taduparAnta rAjA sambharirAya kA mantrI yaduvaMzI -jaisavAla jaina sAhu jasavara yA jasaratha (dazaratha) thA aura rAjA sAraMgadeva ke samaya meM dazaratha kA putra gokarNa (karNadeva), jisane 'sUpakArasAra' nAmaka pAkazAstra kI racanA kI thI, mantrI rhaa| gokarNa kA putra somadeva rAjA abhayacanda (abhayapAla dvitIya) aura usake jyeSTha putra evaM uttarAdhikArI jayacanda ke samaya meM rAjamantrI rhaa| isI kAla meM 1381 ( yA 1971 I.) meM candrapATa durganivAsI mahArAjaputra rAvata gao ke pautra aura rAvata hotamI ke putra cunnodadeva ne apanI patnI bhaTTo tathA putra sAdhusiMha sahita kASThAsaMghI anantakIrtideva se eka jinAlaya kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| jayacandra ke pazcAt usakA anuja rAmacandra rAjA huA aura usake pradhAna mantrI uparyukta mantrI somadeva ke putra sAhu vAsAghara the| unake chaha anya bhAI the| mantrIzvara vAsAdhara samyaktvI, jinacaraNoM ke bhakta devapUjAdi SaTkarmoM meM pravINa, aSTamUlaguNoM ke pAlana meM tatpara, mithyAtvarahita, vizuddhacittavAla, bahuloka mitra devatu rAnI anta dhanI aura rAjanIti catura the| candavAr3a meM unhoMne eka vizAla sundara jinamandira bhI banavAyA thA aura kaI kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| unakI bhAryA udayazrI pativratA, suzIlA aura caturvidhasaMgha ke lie kalpadruma thI / unake jasapAla, ratnapAla, puNyapAla, candrapAla Adi ATha putra the jo apane pitA ke samAna ho yogya, catura aura dharmAtmA the / sAhu vAsAdhara ne 1397 I. meM gujarAta deza ke palhaNapura nivAsI kavi dhanapAla se, jo bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke bhakta - ziSya the aura unhIM ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA karate hue candravAha A pahu~ce the, apabhraMza bhASA ke 'bAhubalicaritra' kI racanA karAyI thI aura dillI paTTAcArya pacanandi (ukta prabhAcandra ke paTTadhara) se saMskRta bhASA ke 'zrAvakAcArasAroddhAra' nAmaka grantha kI racanA karAyI thii| isa grantha meM bAsAbhara ko lambakaMcuka (lame) vaMza meM utpanna huA likhA hai| sambhava hai ki prArambhika jaisavAloM kI hI eka zAkhA isa nAma se prasiddha huI ho| isI kAla meM candravADa meM eka anya prabhAvazAlI dhanakubera seTa kundurAsa the jo padmAvatI-puravAla jJAtIya the| unhoMne apanI apAra sampatti se rAjya kI rAmacandra aura unake putra rudrapratApa ke samaya Ar3e vakta meM prazaMsanIya sahAyatA kI thii| unhoMne candravAr3a meM eka bhavya jinAlaya nirmANa karA ke usameM hIrA, pannA, mANikya, sphaTika Adi kI aneka bahumUlya pratimAe~ bhI pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| apabhraMza bhASA ke gvAliyara nivAsI mahAkavi radhU ke prazaMsakoM evaM prazrayadAtAoM meM unakI gaNanA hai / kavi ne unake lie 'puNyAtracakathA' aura ' tresaTha - mahApuruSa - guNAlaMkAra' ( mahApurANa) nAmaka mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI racanA kI thii| rAjA rudrapratApa dvArA sammAnita candravADa ke eka anya dharmAtmA jenaseTha sAhu tosau ke jyeSTha putra sAhu nemidAsa the| unhoMne dhAtu, sphaTika 270 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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aura muMge (viTrama) kI anaginata pratimAe~ banavAkara pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| iTAvA jile ke karahala magara meM bhI eka cauhAna sAmanta rAjA bhojarAja kA rAjya thA, jisake mantrI yaduvaMzI amarasiMha jainadharma ke sampAlaka the| unhoMne 141 I. meM vahA~ ratnapagrI jinabimba nirmANa karAke mahat pratiSThotsava kiyA thaa| amarasiMha kI patnI kamalazrI aura nandana, soNima evaM loNA nAma ke tIna suputra tathA cAra mAI the jo sabhI dhAma ke vAsI hoNAsa vizeSa rUpa se apane dhana kA jinayAtrA, pratiSThA, vidhAna-udhApana Adi prazasta kAryoM meM sadupayoga karate the| vaha 'mallinAtha-caritra ke kartA jayamitrahalle ke prazaMsaka the aura 1422 I, unhoMne kavi asAla se apane bhAI soNiga ke lie bhojarAja ke putra saMsAracanda (pRthvIsiMha) ke zAsanakAla meM 'pAzrvanAthacarita' kI sthanA karAyI thii| gvAliyara ke tomara nareza phIroja sug2aluka ke zAsana ke antima varSoM meM uddharaNadeva tomara ne gvAliyara para adhikAra karake apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| usake pratApI putra vIramadeva yA vIrasiMha tomara (1895-1422 I.) ne rAjya ko susaMgaThita karake svatantra aura zaktizAlI bnaayaa| tadanantara gaNapatideva (1422-24 I.), DUMgarasiMha (1424-60 I.), kIrtisiMha yA karaNasiMha (1460-79 I.), mAnasiMha (1479-1518 I.) aura vikramAditya nAmaka rAjA kramaza: hue| ye rAje dhArmika, udAra, sahiSNu aura sAhitya evaM kalA ke premI the| gvAliyara pradeza meM kampadhAta rAjAoM ke samaya se hI jainadharma kA prAdhAnya calA AtA thaa| bIca ke antarAla meM musalamAnI zAsanakAla andhakAra aura azAnti kA yuga thA ! somara rAjya kI sthApanA ke sAtha punaH pUrvavat sthiti ho gyii| gvAliyara nagara meM kASThAsaMgha ke digambara maTTArakoM kA pradhAna paTTa isa kAla meM rahA aura vahA~ ke adhikAMza zrAvaka usI AmnAva ke the| yo mandisaMgha kA bhI eka paTTa vahIM sthApita huA thaa| uparyukta paTToM se sambandhita jaina muniyoM ne rAjya ke sAMskRtika utkarSa sAdhana meM prabhUta yoga diyaa| inameM se yaza kIrti prabhRti kaI muni to bhArI vidvAn aura sAhityakAra the aura mahAkavi rajhdhU, papanAma kAyastha, jayamitrahala ityAdi kaI jaina gahasya vidvAna tathA sukavi bhI hue| zarAja-jaise rAjamantrI aura pAsiMha khelA, kamalasiMha Adi aneka dhanAhaya dharmAtmA seTha hue| rAjya meM aneka purAne jinamandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra huA aura kitane hI navIna nirmita hue / aneka purAtana evaM navIna granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ bhI bar3I saMkhyA meM karAyI gyiiN| mantrIzvara kuzarAja-jaisavAla-kulabhUSaNa jaina dharmAnuyAyI the aura gyAliyara ke tomara nareza vIramadeva ke mahAmAtya the tathA usakI rAjanItika saphalatA evaM zakti ke pramukha sAdhaka the| vaha sAha bhullaNa aura uditAdevI ke pautra tathA seTha jainapAla aura unakI bhAryA loNAva ke suputra the| haMsarAja, sairAja, rairAja aura bhayarAja nAma padhyakAla : dArtha :: 272

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ke cAra bar3e bhAI aura haMsarAja nAma kA eka choTA bhAI thaa| mantrIrAja kuzarAja kI rahI, lakSaNazrI aura kauzasa nAmaka tIna patniyA~ thI jo satI-sAdhI, guNavattI, jinapUjAnurakta dharmAsmA mahilAe~ thiiN| ralho se zarAja ke kalyANasiMha nAma kA santa sApAyAzIla aura jinajhula paramAsAnA meM sadaiva tatpara suputra thaa| kuzarAja ne gvAliyara meM candraprabha-jinendra kA bhavya evaM vizAla jinAlaya banavAyA thA aura usakA pratiSThA mahotsaka bar3e samAroSTa ke sAtha sampanna kiyA thaa| saMskRta bhASA ke vidvAna sukavi, jaina dharmAnuyAyI padyanAma kAyastha se ina mantrIvara ne 'yazodharacaritra' aparanAma 'dayAsundara-vidhAna' nAmaka tundara kAvya kI sthanA karAdhI thI, jise kavi ne gvAliyara ke tatkAlIna bhaTTAraka guNakIrti ke upadeza se pUrvasUtrAnusAra racA thaa| ukta kAthya kI santoSa jaisavAla, vijayasiMha, pRthvIrAja Adi sAhitya-rasikoM ne prazaMsA kI thii| mahArAja vIramadeva ke samaya meM hI, 1410 I. meM gvAliyara ke nikaTa caitanAtha meM eka jinamandira-pratiSThA huI thii| mahArAja dUMgarasiMha-kItisiMha...gvAliyara ke kile ke bhItara dIvAroM para utkIrNa vizAlakAya jina-pratimAoM ke nirmANa kA zreya inhIM donoM tomara narezoM ko hai| inameM se AdinAtha kI pratimA so 'bAvanagajA' kahalAtI hai aura lagabhaga 50 phuTa U~cI hai| yaha nirmANakArya mahArAja iMgarasiMha ke samaya meM prArambha huA thA aura usake putra evaM uttarAdhikArI mahArAja kItisiMha ke samaya meM pUrA huaa| lagabhaga 33 varSa ina mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM lge| isI se ukta donoM narezoM kA jainadharma ke prati anurAga spaSTa hai| dUMgarasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM anya aneka jinabimba-pratiSThAe~ huI thI, jinameM se 1440 aura 1453 I. ke to kaI abhilekha bhI upalabdha haiN| ina narezoM ke zAsanakAla meM gvAliyara jaividhA kA prasiddha kendra rahA thA, aneka grantha race mave-aneka kI pratilipiyoM hii| mahArAja iMgarasiMha kI paharAnI bA~dA bhI bar3I dharmAtmA aura jinabhakta thI aura putra kIrtisiMha bhii| saMghapati kAlA mugalagotrI agravAla jaina sAhu AtmA kA putra sAhu bhopA thA, jisakI bhAryA nAmhI thI aura pA~ca putra kSemasI, mahArAjA, asarAja, dhanapAla aura pAskA nAma ke the| kSemasI kI bhAryA nIrAdevI thI tathA do putra kAlA (kaula) aura mojarAja the| kAlA kI prathama patnI sarasvatI se usakA putra mallidAsa aura dUsarI patnI sAdhvIsarA se putra candrapAla thA 1 bhojarAja kA putra pUrNapAla thaa| apane ina samasta parijanoM ke sAtha saMghAdhipati sAha kAlA meM gopAcaladurga (gvAliyara) meM pahArAjAdhirAja DUMgarasiMha ke rAjya meM 1440 I. meM syaguru bhaTTAraka parza kIrtideva ke upadeza se bhagavAna AdinAtha kA mandira nirmANa karAke pratiSThAcArya paNDita raidhU se usakI pratiSThA karAyI thii| zrIcanda-haricanda-gaMgotrI agravAla sAha zrIcanda, usake bhAI haricanda, putra zeSA tathA anya parijanoM ne bhaTTAraka cimalakIrti ke upadeza se gopagiri (gvAliyara) 272 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ke rAjA marendradeva (hUMgarasiMha) ke rAjya meM 1453 I. kI mAgha zukla aSTamI ke dina zrI mahAvIra - pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thI / sAhu lApU-usI nareza ke rAjya meM 1453 I. kI mAgha zukla dazamI ravivAra ke dina (pUrvokta pratiSThA se do dina pazcAt ho), khaNDelavAla jAtIya bAkalIvAlagotrI seTha lApU ne apane putroM sAlhA aura pAlhA tathA apanI bhAryA lakSmaNA aura putravadhuoM suhAginI evaM gaurI sahita aneka jina-pratimAoM kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| unameM kI vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI 11 lekhAMkita zveta saMgamaramara kI akhaNDita manojJa pratimAe~ 1903 I. meM ToMka (rAjasthAna) ke navAba ke mahala ke pAsa khudAI meM akasmAt prApta huI thiiN| unapara mahArAja dUgaradeva kA nAma bhI aMkita hai aura kASThAsaMghA hamakAtideva ke ziSya vimalakIrtideva kA bhI, jinake upadeza se sambhavatayA vaha pratiSThA huI thI / mahApaNDita rahadhU- isa kAla ke sarvamahAn sAhityakAra, mahAn zAstrajJa. pratiSThAcArya, apabhraMza ke sukavi aura lagabhaga 30 granthoM ke racayitA raidhU the jo padmAvatI-puravAla saMghAdhipa devarAja ke pautra aura budhajanakula- Anandana saMghavI harisiMha ke suputra the tathA gvAliyara-paTTa ke kASThAsaMghI bhaTTArakoM kI AmnAya ke paNDita the / bhaTTAraka guNakIrti, yazaHkIrti, malayakIrti Adi unakA bar3A mAna karate the| zrIpAla acArI raddadhU ke guru the| raidhU kA racanAkAla lagabhaga 1423-1458 I. mahArAja DUMgarasiMha ke prAyaH pUre zAsanakAla ko vyApta karatA hai| ina paNDitapravara ke prazrayadAtA evaM prazaMsaka dhanI AvakoM meM gvAliyara va AsapAsa pradeza ke sahalasA, mullaNasAhu, agravAlavaMzI harasIsAha aura unake putra karamasiMha, eDilamotrI agravAla mahAbhavya khemA, rAjA dvArA sammAnita agravAlavaMzI bAhaDasAhu, hisAra nivAsI goyalagotrI agravAla sAhu jAlhe ke putra sahajapAla, kumArapAla Adi saMghapati kAlA (kaula), candravADa ke rAjyase kunyudAsa ityAdi the, jinakI preraNA para kavi ne vibhinna granthoM kI racanA kI tathA pratiSThAe~ Adi karAyI thiiN| brahmakhelhA-agravAla- vaMzAvataMsa, saMsAra-deha-bhogoM se udAsIna, dharmadhyAna se santRpta, zAstroM ke artharUpI ratnasamUha se bhUSita, yazaHkIrti guru ke vinata ziSya brahmacArI pratimAdhArI khelhA Avaka ne gvAliyara meM sarasiMha ke samaya meM hI tIrthakara candraprabhu kI eka vizAla pratimA pratiSThita karAvI thii| sAhu kamalasiMha - sAhu khemasiMha ke putra the| inhoMne durgati kI nAzaka, mithyAtvarUpa girIndra ko naSTa karane ke lie yajJa ke samAna aura roga-zoka Adi dukhoM kI vinAzaka bhagavanta AdinAtha kI gyAraha hAtha U~cI vizAla pratimA isI kAla meM gvAliyara meM pratiSThita karavAyI thii| sAhu padmasiMha-gvAliyara ke tomara nareza kIrtisiMha ke samaya meM kASThAsaMghI bhaTTAraka yazaHkIrti ke praziSya aura malayakIrti ke ziSya bhaTTAraka guNabhadra kI AmnAya madhyakAla pUrvArdha : 273

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ke bhakta jaisavAlakulabhUSaNa ullAsAhu kI dvilIya pallI bhAvazrI se utpanna usake vAra putroM meM jyoSTa, yaha udAra, dAnI, dharmAtmA dhanakuTora padhasiMha the| unakI patnI kA nAma cIsa thA aura bAlU, DAlU, dIvar3a evaM madanapAla nAma ke cAra putra the jo cAroM vivAhita the aura unake panAdi the| isa bharepUre parivAra ke mukhiyA seTha payasiMha ne lakSmI ke bijalI-jaise caMcala svabhAvako cintA kara usakA sAmanA karane kA vAlpa kiyaa| ataeva usa deva-zAstra-guru-bhakta dharmAtmA ne caubIsa jinAlayoM kA nirmANa karAyA aura vibhinna granthoM kI kula milAkara eka lAkha pratiyoM likhavAyI tathA anya dharmakArya kiye the| rAjasthAna mevAr3a rAjya rAjasthAna meM kaI choTe-choTe rajavAr3e yatra-tatra the, kintu ve atyanta gauNa the| pramukha rAjya mevAr3a ke rANAoM kA hI thaa| dasavIM zatI ke rAjA zaktisiMha kI dasavIM pIr3hI meM vijayasiMha (1108-16 I.) eka prasiddha rAjA thaa| usake putra arisiMha kA prapautra raNasiMha (kaNa) thA jisake putra kSemasiMha ke vaMzaja rAvala kahalAte the aura mUla rAjadhAnI nAgahRda (nAgadA) meM rAjya karate the| raNasiMha ke eka anya putra rAhapa ke vaMzajoM ne sisauda meM rAjya kiyA aura rANA khlaaye| kSemasiMha kA putra sabala sAmantasiMha pRthvIrAja cauhAna aura muhammada gorI kA samakAlIna thaa| tadanantara jaitrasiMha yA jaitala (1213-52 I.) ne cittaur3a para adhikAra karake use apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA / usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI tejasiMha 126) I. ke lagabhaga mevAr3a kA zAsaka thA, jisakI rAnI jayatalladevI dhii| rANI jayatalladevI aura vIrakesarI samarasiMha-saNA lejasiMha kI paTarAnI jayataltadevI parama jinabhakta thii| usane cittaur3a durga ke bhItara, 1205 I. ke lagabhaga, zyApa-pArzvanAtha kA sundara jinAlaya yamayAyA thA tathA kaI anya mandira, mUrtiyA~ Adi bhI pratiSTita karAyI thiiN| usake mAtRbhakta, dharmAtmA putra cIrakesarI sabala samarasiMha ne A~calagaccha ke muni amitasiMhasUri ke upadeza se apane rAjya meM jIvahiMsA banda karA dI thii| sAha ratnasiMha-bisaur3a durga ke bhaMgAra-cayarI mAmaya mandira ke nikaTa prApta eka zilAlekha ke anusAra yahA~ 1277 I. kI akSayatRtIyA ke dina sAha prahalAdana ke putra sAha ratnasiMha ne zAntinAtha caitvAlaya kA nirmANa karAyA thA, jisameM sAha samAdhA ke putra sAha mahaNa kI bhAryA sohiNI kI putrI kumarala nAmnI zrAvikA ne apanI mAtAmaha kI smRti meM eka devakulikA sthApita kI thii| raNathambhaura kA rANA immIradeva-pRthvIrAja cauhAna kA vaMzaja dhIra ziromaNi yaha rANA nandisaMgha ke 'bhaSTrAraka dharmacandra kA bhakta thaa| alAuddIna khilajI ke bhISaNa AkramaNoM kA usane DaTakara mukAbalA kiyA thA, anta meM svarAjya kI rakSA meM 2i4 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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lar3ate-lar3ate hI usane nIragati pAyI thii| jaina vidvAnoM dvArA racita 'hammIramahAkAvya' evaM 'hampIra-rAso'-jaise kAvyagranthoM kA yaha nAyaka hai| cittaur3a meM usa kAla meM rANA bhImasiMha kA zAsana thA, jisakI vizvaprasiddha anindA sundarI rAnI padminI ke rUpa se lubdha alAuddIna khilajI ne cittaur3a para bhayaMkara AkramaNa kiyA thaa| asaMkhya rAjapUta mAre gaye aura rAnI padminI ke sAtha sahasroM striyA~ jIvita citA meM bhasma ho gyiiN| ladanantara sIsodiyA zAkhA ke rANA hammIra ne 1920 I. ke lagabhaga cittaur3a para punaH adhikAra kiyA aura rAjya kA abhUtapUrva utkarSa prArambha huaa| mahAn dharmaprapAyaka sAha jIjA-14vIM zatI I. ke uttarArdha meM medapATa deza (mevAI) ke citrakUra-nagara (cittaur3a) meM usa pradeza ke isa abhUtapUrva jinadharma prabhAvaka, khar3ayAlagotrI sAI jIjA bagheravAla ne bhagavAna AdinAtha kA vaha advitIya kIrtistambha (jayastambha nirmANa karAyA thA jo vartamAna paryanta usa udAra dharmAtmA seTha kI kIrti kA smAraka banA huA hai| yaha utuMga, vizAla evaM atyanta kalApUrNa pAmastambha pASANa nirmita sattakhanA hai: cIlara UparI khanoM para 67 sIr3hiyA~ banI haiN| zirSa sthAna para cAra toraNa dvAroM se yukta vaidikA hai jisameM pralimA sarvatobhadrikA sthApita thii| Upara chata aura zikhara hai| stambha kI bAharI dIvAreM kAlApUrNa mUlAMkanoM evaM padmAsana, khaDgAsana jinamUrtiyoM se pUrita haiN| sAha jIjA ke prapautra ke eka abhilekha (1484 I.) peM likhA hai ki usa mahAna nirmAtA ne yaha nirmANa kArya 'nijabhujopArjita vitta-balena' -svayaM apane hAtha se kamAye hue dravya se sampAdita kiyA thaa| itanA hI nahIM, usa mahAnubhAva ne 108 uttuMga, zikharabaddha jinamandiroM kA aura itane hI jinabimboM kA uddhAra kiyA thA, 108 zrI jina-mahApratiSThAe~ karAyI thIM, 18 sthAnoM meM aSTAdazakoTi zrutamaNDAra sthApita kiye the aura savA lAkha rAjadhandiyoM ko mukta karAyA thaa| uparyukta stambha jisa candraprama-jinendra-caityAlaya ke nikaTa banavAyA gayA thA, yaha bhI sambhavatayA sA jIjA kA hI banavAyA huA thaa| kucha vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki vaha kIrtistambha aura bhI pUrvakAla kA banA huA hai-sAha jIjA ne usakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| yadi koI purAtana stambha vahA~ rahA bhI hogA to yaha musalamAnoM (alAuddIna khilajI) ke AkramaNoM aura zAsana ke samaya prAyaH pUrNatayA dhvasta ho gayA hogaa| apane vartamAna rUpa meM yaha mahAna stambha sAha jIjA kI kRti hai| isI se preraNA lekara usake lagabhaga eka sau varSa pazcAt rANA kumbhA ne cittaur3a meM apanA jayastambha banavAyA thaa| isI sAha jIjA bagheravAla ke prapautra, sAha punasiMha ke pautra aura sAha deza ke cAra putroM meM se jyeSTha sAha lakhamaNa ne svAguru senagaNa ke bhaTTAraka somasena ke upadeza se 1484 I. meM barAideza ke kAraMjAnagara meM supArzvanAtha-jinAlaya banavAkara usakA pratiSTotsada, mahAyAtrotsava aura tIrthakSetroM kI vandanA kI thii| madhyakAla : pUrvAdhaM :: 275

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15vIM zatI ke prArambha meM cittaur3a ke rANA lAkhA ke samaya meM rAmadeva navalakhA nAmaka jaina rAjya kA eka pantrI thaa| lAkhA ke pazcAt hamIra mokala aura phira kumbha gaddI para baitthe| rANA hamIra ke samaya meM usakI paTarAnI ke jaina kAmadAra mehatA jAlasiMha ne bar3I unnati kI thii| mahArANA kummA-prabala pratApI nareza the| mAlavA ke sulatAna para vijaya prApta karake unhoMne cittaur3a meM eka nau-khamA uttuMga evaM kalApUrNa jabastambha banavAyA thaa| unhIM ke A savAla bAla sudhAramA dita jaina kIrtistambha ke nikaTa sthita mahAvIrasvAmI ke eka prAcIna mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| 1488 I. meM rANA ke koThArI (koSAdhyakSa) sAha velAka me, jo sAha kelkA kA putra thA, rAjamahala ke nikaTa hI bhagavAn zAntinAtha kA eka choTA-sA kalApUrNa jinAlaya banavAyA thA jo zRMgAra-cabarI ke nAma se prasiddha hai, aura 1457 I. meM zrI guhila putra-vihAra-zrI bar3Adeva-Adi jina-mandira ke bAyIM ora sthita guphA meM Amradeva-sUri ke upadeza se sAha somA ke putra sAha harapAla ne 1 deviyoM kI mUrtiyAM sthApita karAyI thiiN| svayaM mahArANA ne macInda-durga meM eka sundara caityAlaya banavAyA thaa| rANA ke anya jaina rAjapuruSa belA bhaNDArI, muNarAja Adi the| seTha dhannAzAha-ralAzAha-mahArANA kumbhA ke samaya kI kalA ke kSetra kI sarvazreSTha upalabdhi rANakapura ke advitIya jinamandira haiM / rANA ke rAjya meM, pAlI pile ke sAdar3I karaye se 6 mIla dakSiNa-pUrva meM, arAvalI parvatamAlA se ghire saNakapura meM, madhAI nadI-tIravI, suramya prakRti kI goda meM, harItimA ke madhya muktAphala kI bhA~ti dapa-dapa karatA bhagavAn RSabhadeva kA vaha caumukhA dhavala prAsAda atyanta manorama evaM bejor3a hai| lagabhaga 48000 varga phuTa (205 x 198 muTa) kSetra meM, 36 sIr3hiyoM se prApta U~cI kurasI para bane isa timasile nirdoSa zveta saMgamaramara se nirmita jinabhavana meM 1444 stambha, 44 mor3a, 24 maNDapa, 54 devakulikAoM aura manorama zikharoM se yukta isa kalAdhAma meM, zilpiyoM kA suniyojita hastakauzala paga-paga para darzaka kA mana moha letA hai| lagabhaga Der3ha sahasa stambha rahate bhI tArIfa yaha hai ki kisI ora aura kahIM se bhI mUlanAyaka ke darzana meM ye stambha sAdhaka nahIM hote| khela-bUTe, paccIkArI, prastasaMkana, mutAMkana, dRzyAMkana sabhI atyanta kalApUrNa evaM darzanIya haiN| goDavAi kI paMcatIrtha meM isa kalAmarmajJoM meM prazasita jinamandira kI gaNanA hai, kintu unameM vahI sarvazreSTha hai| isakA nirmANa zilpasamrAT dIpA kI dekha-rekha meM huA aura pUrA banane meM 15 varSa lge| isake svanAmadhanya nirmAtA mahArANA kumbhA ke kRpApAtra seTha dhannAzAha poravAla the, jinhoMne mahArANA se hI 1433 I. meM isa mandira kA zilAnyAsa karAyA thaa| rANA ne 12 lAkha rupaye anudAna svayaM diyA thaa| nirmApA meM sampUrNa vyaya 90 lAkha svarNa mudrAe~ usa kAla meM huA batAyA jAtA hai| seTha dhamAzAha aura mahArANA kumbhA ke jIvanakAla meM yaha nirmANa pUrA nahIM ho skaa| 27 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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aura udAratA ke seTha ke pazcAt unake suyogya putra seTa ratanAzAha ne usI sAtha use rANA ke uttarAdhikArI rANA rAyamala ke samaya meM 1498 I. meM pUrA karake usakI samAroha pratiSThA kI thii| unakI yaha anupama kRti hI ukta pitA-putra seya kI mahAnatA kI paricAyaka aura unakI amara kIrti kA sajIva smAraka hai / rANA rAyamala ke samaya meM hI 1486 I. meM cittaur3a durga ke momukhatIrtha ke nikaTa eka jinamandira kA nirmANa huA thA, jisameM dakSiNa ke karNATaka deza se lAkara RSabhajana kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI gayI batAyI jAtI hai| pratiSThApaka kharataragacchIya AcArya jinasamudrasUri the| zAha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla- isI kAla meM rAjasthAna ke muNDAsA nagara ke suprasiddha dhanI seTha, mahAn dharmaprabhAvaka evaM adbhuta vizvapratiSThAkAraka zAha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla hue haiM | vaha muNDAsA ke rAva zivasiMha ke kRpApAtra rAjyazreSThi haiN| unhoMne 1490, 1491 aura 1492 I. meM lagAtAra tathA bAda meM bhI kaI bRhad jinabimba-pratiSThotsava kiye the| inameM se 1491 I. (vi. saM. 1548 ) kI vaisAkha zukla 3 ( akSaya tRtIyA) kA pratiSThotsava to abhUtapUrva evaM apazcima thA, jisameM lAkhoM pratimAe~ pratiSThita kI gyiiN| kahA jAtA hai ki isa pratiSThA ke uparAnta vaha anaginata chakar3oM meM pratiSThita pratimAoM ko bharakara saMghasahita sampUrNa bhArata ke jainatIrthoM kI yAtrArtha nikale the aura mArga meM par3anevAle pratyeka jinamandira meM yathAvazyaka pratimAe~ padharAte gaye the| jahA~ koI mandira nahIM thA, vahA~ navIna caityAlaya sthApita karate gye| pariNAma yaha hai ki Aja bhI uttarapradeza, paMjAba, hariyANA, baMgAla, bihAra, bundelakhaNDa, madhyapradeza, rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra evaM karNATaka paryanta choTe-bar3e nagaroM evaM grAmoM ke adhikAMza jinamandiroM meM eka vA adhika pratimAe~ vi. saM. 1548 meM zAha jIvarAja pApar3IvAla dvArA pratiSThita pAyI jAtI haiN| inameM se adhikAMza pratimAe~ eka se do phuTa U~cI padmAsanastha, zveta saMgamaramara kI haiM, kucha eka anya kRSNa, harita, nIla Adi vargoM kI bhI haiN| pratiSThAcArya zAha jIvarAja ke guru maTTAraka jinacandra (1450-1514 I.) the jo bar3e vidvAn evaM prabhAvaka AcArya the| vaha mUlanandisaMghasarasvatIgaccha balAtkAragaNa ke dillI paTTAdhIza pavanandi ke praziSya aura zubhacandra ke ziSya the| svayaM unake paTTadhara abhinavaprabhAcandra the jinhoMne cittaur3a meM apanA paha sthApita kiyA thaa| AcArya jinacandra ko tarka-vyAkaraNAdigrantha-kuzala mArgaprabhAvakacaritracUr3AmaNi Adi kahA gayA hai| zAha jIvarAja ke atirikta unhoMne anya zrAvakoM ke lie bhI vibhinna samayoM evaM sthAnoM meM aneka bimbapratiSThAe~ kI thiiN| 'caturviMzati jina-stotra' kI racanA bhI unhoMne kI thii| unake aneka muni aura medhAvI paNDita-jaise gRhastha vidvAn ziSya the| uparyukta bRhada pratiSThAoM meM unake ziSyagaNa bhI sahayogI hote the| AcArya jinacandra aura zAha jIvarAja ke kArya ke mahatva kA mUlyAMkana karane meM yaha tathya jJAtavya hai ki pichale lagabhaga 400 varSa se musalamAna madhyakAla pUrvArdha : 277 =

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zAsakoM dvArA mandiroM aura devamUrtiyoM kI vidhvaMsalIlA prAyaH anavarata calatI AdhI 4.9% thI aura usa kAla meM bhI rANA saMgrAmasiMha (sAMgA) - mevAr3a ke suprasiddha vIra, yuddhavijetA evaM pratApI rANA the| unake samaya meM bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra (1514-24 I.) cittaur3a meM dillI se svatantra paTTa sthApita kiyA thaa| unake paTTadhara maNDalAcArya dharmacandra ( 1524-46 I.) the| ina maTTArakoM kI preraNA aura rANA ke prazraya meM sAhitya sRjana bhI huA / lAlA varNI kI preraNA para karNATaka se Aye AcArya nemicanda ne cittaur3a meM jinadAsazAha ke pArzva - jinAlaya meM 1515 I. meM 'gomahasAra kI saMskRta TIkA racI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki isa rANA ne jainAcArya dharmaratnasUri kA bhI hAthI, ghor3e, senA aura bAjegAje ke sAtha svAgata-satkAra kiyA thA aura unake upadeza se prabhAvita hokara zikAra Adi kA tyAga kara diyA thaa| ina AcArya kA brAhmaNa vidvAn puruSottama ke sAtha sAta dina taka rAjasabhA meM zAstrArtha huA thA / rAjya meM aneka jaina uccapadoM para AsIna the, yathA kumbhalanera kA durgapAla AzAzAha, raNathambhaura kA durgapAla mAramala kAvar3iyA, rANA kA mitra tolAzAha Adi / tIlAzAha - bappabhaTTasUri dvArA jainadharma meM dIkSita gvAliyara ke rAjapUta AmarAja kI vaizya patnI se utpanna putra rAjakoTarI (bhaNDArI) nAma se prasiddha huA thA aura osavAla jAti meM sammilita ho gayA thA, aisI anuzruti hai| usakA eka vaMzaja sAraNadeva thA, jisakI AThavIM pIr3hI meM tolAzAha huA jo rANA sA~gA kA parama mitra thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki rANA ne use apanA amAtya banAnA cAhA kintu usane manA kara diyA, kevala zreSThipada hI svIkAra kiyaa| vaha bar3A nyAyI, vinayI, jJAnI mAnI aura dhanI thA tathA yAcakoM ko hAthI, ghor3e, vastrAbhUSaNa Adi pradAna kara kalpavRkSa kI bhA~ti unakA dAridra naSTa kara detA thaa| jainadharma kA vaha bar3A anurAgI thaa| karmAzAha - tolAzAha kA putra karmAzAha ( karmasiMha) rANA sAMgA ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI ratnasiMha kA mantrI thaa| eka tatkAlIna zilAlekha meM use 'zrI ratnasiMha - rAjye rAjyavyApArabhAra-dhaureya kahA gayA hai| mantrI hone se pUrva yaha kapar3e kA vyApAra karatA thaa| baMgAla, cIna Adi dezoM se karor3oM rupaye kA mAla usakI dukAna para AtA-jAtA thaa| isa vyApAra se usane vipula dravya kamAyA thaa| gujarAta ke sulatAna bahAdurazAha ko usake yuvarAjyakAla meM karmAzAha ne eka lAkha rupayA binA zarta ke dekara zAhajAde kI AvazyakatA pUrI kI thii| ataeva jaba vaha gujarAta kA sultAna huA to karmAzAha kI prArthanA para usane use zatruMjaya tIrtha kA uddhAra karane ke lie saharSa faramAna pradAna kara diyA thA aura mantrI karmAzAha ne vipula dravya vyaya karake ukta siddhAcala kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA tathA 1530 I. kI vaizAkha kRSNa 6 ke dina aneka yatiyoM evaM AvakoM kI upasthiti meM samArohapUrvaka pratiSThA karAyI thI / 278 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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isa jIrNoddhAra ke hetu ahamadAbAda se 3 aura cittaur3a se 19 sUtradhAra (mistrI) bulAye gaye the| rANA ke darabAra meM usake isa pradhAna kA atyadhika mAna thaa| AzAzAha aura usakI jananI-mevAr3a ke itihAsa meM ina kartavyaniSTha evaM svAmibhakta mAtA-putra kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| ratnasiMha kI mRtyu ke uparAnta usakA choTA bhAI vikramAjIta gaddI para baiThA, kintu vaha ayogya thA aura usakA choTA bhAI udayasiMha nanhA bAlaka thaa| ataeva rAjya ke saradAroM ne vikramAjIta ko gaddI se haTAkara dAsIputra banavIra ko rANA banA diyaa| yaha bar3A durAcArI aura nirdayI thaa| usane vikramAjIta kI hatyA kara dI aura rAtri meM udayasiMha kI bhI hatyA karane ke lie mahala meM phuNcaa| bAlaka rANA kI parama svAmibhakta pannA dhAya ne apanI turatabuddhi dvArA svayaM apane putra kA balidAna dekara chala se udayasiMha kI prAga-rakSA kI aura rAtorAta vizvasta sevakoM ke sAtha rAjakumAra ko lekara cittaur3a se bAhara ho gayI / Azya kI khoja meM rAjya ke aneka sAmanta-saradAroM ke pAsa bhaTakI, kintu atyAcArI banadhAra ke bhaya se koI bhI taiyAra nahIM huaa| antataH yaha kumbhalamera pahu~cI jahA~ kA durgapAla AzAzAha deparA nAmaka jainI thaa| prArambha meM yaha bhI bAlaka rANA ko zaraNa dekara vipattimola lene meM hicakicAyA, kintu usakI vIra mAtA ne kupita hokara use atyanta dhikkAsa aura bhUkhI siMhanI kI bhAMti apane bhIru putra kA prANAnta karane ke lie jhpttii| AzAzAha gadagada hokara tIra jananI ke caraNoM meM pira par3A aura kahA ki "bhA~! tumhArA putra hokara bhI kyA maiM yaha bhosatA kara sakatA thA? kyA siMhanIputra zRgAla ke bhaya se apane kartavya se vimukha ho sakatA hai aura prANoM ke moha meM par3akara zaraNAgata kI rakSA se mu~ha mor3a sakatA hai: vIra mAtA harSa-vibhora ho patra kI aleSA lene lagI, yahI mAtA jo kSaNa-bhara pUrva putra ko kAyara evaM kartavya-vimukha samajha usake prANa lene para utArU ho gayI thii| AzAzA ne kumAra ko apanA bhatIjA kahakara prasiddha kiyA aura athaka prayAsa karake kucha kAloparAnta anya sAmantoM kI sahAyatA se udayasiMha ko cittaur3a ke siMhAsana para AsIna kara diyaa| isa jaina vIra mAtA aura usake putra bIra AzAzAha ne rANAvaMza kI isa prakAra rakSA karake mevAr3a rAjya para prazaMsanIya upakAra kiyA thaa| dIvAna baccharAja jAlora ke cauhAna nareza yuddhavIra sAmantasiMha devar3A kI santati meM utpanna mAravAr3a ke jesalajI bozA kA putra baccharAja bA catura, sAhasI aura mahatvAkAMzI thaa| kucha hI samaya meM vaha maNDora ke rAba ridhamala kA dIvAna vana gyaa| ridhamala kI hatyA kara diye jAne para usane usake jyeSTha putra rAva jodhA ko bulAkara gaddI para baiThAyA aura usakA bhI dIvAna rahA jodhA ke putra bIkA ne apanA svatantra rAjya sthApita kiyaa| usane bIkAnera nagara 1468 I. meM basAyA aura use hI apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| baccharAja rAva bIkA kA pramukha parAmarzadAtA aura dIdhAma thaa| apanA parivAra bhI baha bIkAnera hI le AyA thaa| usane bIkAnera ke nikaTa madhyakAla : pUrvAdha ::18

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icchAsara nAma kA gA~va bhI bsaayaa| vaha bar3A udAra, dayAlu aura dharmAtmA thaa| zatrujayatIrtha kI usane sasaMgha yAtrA kI thI aura jainadharma kI prabhAvanA ke aneka kArya kiye the| usane prabhUta mAna, pratiSThA aura dIrgha Ayu prApta kI thii| baccharAja ke vaMzaja hI bacchAvata kahalAye aura usake putra karamasiMha aura varasiMha, pautra nagarAja, prapautra saMgrAma Adi bIkA ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ke dIvAna hote rhe| yaha pada isa vaMza meM maurUsI - jaisA ho gayA thaa| baccharAja kA putra varasiMha aura pautra nagarAja bhArI yoddhA aura kuzala sainya saMcAlaka the| bIkAnera meM baccharAja ne svayaM nagara ke mukhya bAjAra meM 1504 I. meM cintAmaNijI kA mandira banavAyA thA, jisameM AdinAtha- caturviMzati bhAtu pratimA maNDaura se lAkara sthApita kI thI aura 1513 I. meM neminAtha mandira banavAyA thaa| san 1521, 1526 Adi meM bhI usa nagara meM jinamandira bane / baccharAja ke pUrvaja sagara, bohitya, zrIkaraNa, samaghara, tejapAla, bIlhA, kaDuvA aura jesala bhI vIra aura usI prakAra ke naye / karmasiMha me karamIsIsara gA~va basAyA, eka jinAlaya banavAyA, yAtrAsaMgha calAyA aura 1525 I. ke durbhikSa meM tIna lAkha vyaya karake nagarAja ne sadAvarta bA~TA tathA zatruMjaya kA prabandha apane hAtha meM liyaa| usane campAnera ke sultAna mujaphphara ko bhI prasanna kiyA thA 1 mAravAr3a ke mohanota bhaNDArI Adi kaI prasiddha jainavaMzoM kA udaya bhI isI samaya ke lagabhaga huA aura unhoMne rAjya meM pratiSThita padoM para kArya karake usake utkarSa meM bhArI yoga diyaa| DhuNDhAhar3a ( jayapura ) pradeza meM bhI jainadharma phala-phUla rahA thaa| mAlapurA ke AdinAtha mandira meM 1454 I. ko bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti ke upadeza se humaDAtIya zreSTha khetA evaM usake parivAra dvArA pratiSThApita dhAtu kI caubIsI pratimA haiN| 1491 I. meM bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke upadeza se gaMgavAlagotrI khaNDelavAla saMgha jAlama ke dvArA pratiSThApita tA~be kA yantra hai| 1512 I. meM bhaTTAraka dharmacandra ke ziSya muni muvana bhUSaNa, brahma dhAraNA evaM paM. bastA dvArA pratiSThita tIna dhAtumayI caubIsI pratimAe~ haiN| eka AdinAtha caubIsI 1466 I. kI hai, eka zreyAMsa caubIsI 1497 kI hai, ityaadi| isa pradeza ke anya nagaroM meM bhI usa kAla kI pratimAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM / rAjasthAna ke DUMgarapura-bA~savAr3A, bU~dI, nAgaura Adi anya kSetroM meM bhI jainIjana nivAsa karate the| vijayanagara sAmrAjya Fe recitra madhyakAlIna hindU sAmrAjya ke saMsthApaka saMgama nAmaka eka choTe se yaduvaMzI rAjapUta saradAra ke pA~ca vIra putra the| antima hoyasala nareza vIra 280 : pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ballAla talIya kI sImAnta caukiyoM ke ce rakSaka ze, sAtha hI bar3e svadezabhakta, svatantratApremI, vIra, sAhasI aura mahatvAkAMkSI the| musalamAnoM dvArA dakSiNa bhArata ke hoyasala, yAdava aura kakAtIya rAjyoM kA anta kara diye jAne para ye dIra musalamAnoM ko svadeza se nikAla bAhara karane ke kArya meM juTa gye| antataH ve 1336 I. meM apanA svatantra rAjya sthApita karane meM saphala hue| tuMgabhadrA nadI ke uttarI taTa para hampI nAmaka sthAna ko unhoMne apanA kendra banAyA aura vahA~ vijayanagara (vidhAnagara yA vidyAnagarI aparanAma hastinApura) kI nIMva DAlI, jo 1343 I. meM eka sundara, sudRr3ha evaM vizAla nagara ke rUpa meM banakara taiyAra huaa| isa bIca tIna bhAiyoM kI mRtyu ho cukI thI aura kevala do-harihara aura bukkA bane the| ataeva bar3A bhAI harihararAya prathama (1346-65 I.) vijayanagara rAjya kA prathama abhiSikta nareza huaa| tadanantara bukkArAya prathama (1965-77 I.), harihara dvitIya (1377-1404 I.), bukkArAya dvitIya (1404-4406 I.), devarAya prathama (1406-1410 I.), vIra vijaya (1410-19 I.), devarAya dvitIya (1419-26 I.), immaDi devarAya (1447-67 I.), virUpAkSarAya (1467-77 I.) aura padriyArAya (1477-86 I.) kramazaH rAjA hue| tatpazyAta baMza parivartana huA aura narasiMha sAluva (1486-92 I.), impaDi narasiMha (1492-1505 I.), dhIra narasiMha bhujavala (1506-9 I.) aura suprasiddha samrATa kRSNadevarAya (1509-90 I.) kramazaH siMhAsana para baitthe| tadanantara acyutarAya (1530-42 I.) aura sadAzivarAva {1542-70 I.) rAjA hue| antima kA mantrI aura rAjya kA sarvesarvA rAmarAjA thaa| isI zAsanakAla meM dakSiNa ke musalamAna sultAnoM ne saMgaThita hokara vijayanagara para bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyA aura 1565 I. meM tAlikoTa ke aitihAsika yuddha meM vijayI hokara mahAnagarI vijayanagara ko jI bharakara lUTA aura pUrNatayA naSTa-praSTa kara diyaa| vijayanagara ke hindU sAmrAjya kA anta huA; yadyapi rAmarAjA ke bhAI tirUmala ne pAmakara penagoNDA meM zaraNa lI aura candragiri ko rAjadhAnI banAkara rAjya karane lgaa| usake vaMzaja yahA~ 17vIM zatI ke anta taka choTe se rAjAoM ke rUpa meM calate rhe| vijayanagara ke rAjAoM kA kuladharma evaM rAjyAdharma hindU dharma thaa| prajA kA bahubhAga jaina thaa| usake pazcAt zrIvaiSNava aura phira liMgAyata (vIrazaiva) the, kucha sadazaiva bhI the| galA loma prAramma se hI siddhAntataH sabhI dharmoM ke prati sahiSa samadarzI aura udAra the| jainadharma ko unase prabhUta saMrakSaNa evaM poSaNa prApta huaa| katipaya itihAsakAroM ne vijayanagara rAjya meM dakSiNamujA aura thAmabhujA nAmaka do jAtiyoM yA pradhAna vargoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinase Azaya kramazaH 'bhavya aura 'bhakta' saMjJAoM se sUcita jainoM aura vaiSNavoM kA hai| vijayanagara-nareza unheM apanI dakSiNa aura vAma bhujA samajhate aura mAnate the| sajya kI adhikAMza janatA aura sambhrAntajana inhIM do samakakSa tathA prAyaH samasaMkhyaka vargoM meM baiTe hue the| rAjya meM madhyakAla : pUrvArdha :: 281

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donoM hI dharmoM kA samAna rUpa se mAna thaa| prArambha meM hI harihara aura bakkA ne samadarzitA kI jo nIti nirdhArita kara dI thI usakA prabhAva unake vaMzajoM para bhI huA aura phalasvarUpa isa vaMza ke kaI rAjAoM, rAniyoM, rAjakumAroM, sAmanta-saradAroM, rAjakarmacAriyoM tathA prajAjana ne bhI jainadharma ko unmukta prazraya evaM poSaNa pradAna kiyA aura aneka jaina rAjapuruSoM, mantriyoM, senApatiyoM evaM vIra yoddhAoM, zreSThiyoM aura vyApAriyoM, rAjyakarmacAriyoM aura bhavyoM (zrAvakoM), sAdhu-santoM aura sAhityakAroM ne ukta rAjya ke sarvatomukhI utkarSa tathA usakI zakti aura samRddhi ke saMvarddhana meM prazaMsanIya yoga diyaa| svayaM rAjadhAnI vijayanagara himpA, prAcIna payA dhartamAna khaMDaharoM meM kahIM ke jainamandira hI sarvaprAcIna haiN| ve nagara ke sarvazreSTha kendrIya sthAna meM sthita haiM aura unameM se aneka to aise haiM jo vijayanagara kI sthApanA ke pUrva bhI vahA~ vidyamAna the| kalA aura zilpa kI dRSTi se bhI vijayanagara ke jainamandira atyuttama haiN| svabhAvataH, madhyakAlIna bhAratIya rAjanIti kI advitIya sRSTi, vijayanagara-sAmrAjya-yuga ne itihAsa ko aneka ullekhanIya jaina vibhUtiyA~ bhI pradAna harihara prathama 1346-65 I.)-vijayanagara ke isa prathama nareza ke rAjyakAla meM, 1953 I., meM samacandramaladhAri ke gRhastha-ziSya nAlaprabhu gopagoDa ke putra kAmagauDa aura usakI patnI ne hireAvali meM paMcanamaskAra-mahotsava kiyA thaa| isa lekha meM rAjA kA ullekha mahAmaNDalezvara hariyappa-oDeyara nAma se kiyA thaa| eka anya lekha ke anusAra isa mahAmaNDalezvara, zatrurAjAoM ke nAzaka, hinduva-rAya suratAla (surantAna) vIra-hariyappa-oDeyara ke rAjya meM, 1854 I. meM nAlaprabhu kAmagauDa ke pautra aura siriyamamaur3a ke suputra mAlagaur3a ne saMnyAsa-vidhi se maraNa kiyA thA aura usakI bhAryA cennake ne bhI sahagamana kiyA thaa| hemacandra bhaTTAraka ke ziSya teluga Adideva aura lalitakIrti bhaTTAraka ne 1355 meM kanakagiri para vijayadeva kI pratimA sthApita kI thii| isI varSa bhogarAja nAmaka eka pratiSThita rAmapuruSa ne rAyadurga meM ananta-jinAlaya kI sthApanA karake apane guru nandisaMgha-sarasvatImaccha-balAtkAragaNa ke muni amarakIrti ke ziSya mAdhanandisiddhAnta ko samarpita kara diyA thaa| isI nareza ke zAsanakAla meM 15162 I. meM jaba saMgamezvara-kumAra bIrabukkamahArAya ke adhIna rAjakumAra virupAkSa-oDeyara malerAjya-prAnta kA zAsaka thA aura apanI prAntIya rAjadhAnI araga meM nivAsa karatA thA to hedUranAr3a meM sthita taDatAla ke prAcIna pArzva-jinAlaya kI sImA ko lekara jainoM aura vaiSaNavoM meM vivAda huaa| apane sabhAbhavana meM ukta rAjakumAra ne mahApradhAna nAmanna, prAnta pramukha sAmanta-saradAroM, jana-netAoM aura jaina evaM vaiSNava mukhiyAoM ke samakSa sarvasammati se jainoM ke pakSa ko nyAyapUrNa ghoSita kiyA, prAcIna zAsanoM meM jo sImAe~ nirdhArita kI gayI thI ve hI mAnya ko gayoM aura eka zilAlekha meM oMketa kaza dI gayIM | harihara kA anuja bukkArAya isa samaya saMyukta zAsaka yA vAyasarAya 282 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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kA kArya kara rahA thA aura virUpAkSa sambhavatayA harihara kA putra thaa| harihara ke antima varSa 1365 I. meM kampA ke jaina muru mallinAtha ko dAna diyA gayA thaa| isa kAla ke pramukha jaina vidvAna vAdI siMhakIrti, "dharmanAthapurANa' ke katA ubhayabhASA-cakravatI bAhubalipaNDita, 'gomaTTasAravRtti' ke racayitA kezavavarNI, 'khagendramaNidarpaNa' ke praNetA maMgarasa aura bhaTTAraka dharmabhUSaNa dhe|| bukkArAya prathama (1365-77 I.)- harihara prathama kA anuja evaM uttarAdhikArI thaa| usake sammukha 1368 I. meM eka jaTila antaHsAmpradAyika samasyA upasthita huii| rAjya ke samasta nADuoM (jiloM) ke bhavyoM (jainoM) ne unake prati bhaktoM (vaizyAvoM) dvArA kiye gaye anyAyoM kA pratikAra kasane ke lie mahArAja bukkArAya kI sevA Avedana diyo hAso raho nAka bhaktoM, unake AcAryo, guruoM, purohitoM aura mukhiyAoM ko tathA apane pramukha sAmantoM Adi ko ekatra karake jainiyoM kA hAtha vaidhAvoM ke hAtha meM diyA aura ghoSaNA kI ki hamAre rAjya meM jainadarzana aura vaiSNavadarzana ke bIca kisI prakAra kA bheda nahIM hai| jainadarzana pUrvavata paMcamahAzabda aura kalaza kA adhikArI hai aura rhegaa| apane dvArA jainadarzana kI hAni yA vRddhi karanA vaiSNavajana apane hI dharma kI hAni thA vRddhi samajheM / jaina aura vaiSNava eka haiM, unake bIca koI antara karanA hI nahIM shaahie| zravaNa-belagola-tIrtha kI rakSArtha vaiSNavajanna apanI ora se 20 vaiSNava rakSaka niyukta kreNge| rAjya ke jainI isI kArya ke lie eka "haNa' (sikkA vizeSa) prati ghara ke hisAba se pradAna kreNge| rakSakoM ke vetana se atirikta dravya kA upayoga jaina mandiroM kI lipAI-putAI, marammata Adi meM kiyA jaaegaa| tAlayya nAmaka eka adhikArI ko isa dravya ke ekatrita karane aura tadanusAra vyaya karane kA bhAra sauMpA gyaa| mahArAja ne AjJA pracArita kI ki jo koI vyakti uparyukta zAsana kI avajJA karegA yaha rAjadrohI, saMghadrohI aura samudAya-drohI samajhA jAemA aura daNDa kA mAgI hogaa| jaina aura vaimpaya donoM samudAyoM ne milakara jaina seTha busubiseTTi ko apanA sAmUhika saMghanAyaka bnaayaa| upayukta rAjAjJA ko rAjya kI samasta bastiyoM meM aMkita karA diyA gyaa| bukkArASa kA yaha aitihAsika nirNaya usake uttarAdhikAriyoM kI dhArmika nIti kA AdhAra bnaa| donoM hI thamoM ke anuyAyiyoM ko rAjya kA saMrakSaNa aura dharmasvAtantrya samAna rUpa se prApta huA, sAtha hI unameM paraspara sadbhAva utpanna kiyA gyaa| isI rAjA ke samaya meM 1367 I. meM zrutamuni ke ziSya aura Adideva ke guru dezISaNa ke devacandranAlepa ne kuppaTUra meM eka jinAlaya kA punaruddhAra karAyA thA tathA svargagamana kiyA thA, aura vArisenadeva ke gRhastha-ziSya masaNagauDa ke putra goravagaur3a ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| san 1567 I. meM mANikadeva ne apane guru medhacandradeva ke nidhana para unakA smAraka sthApita kiyA thaa| lekha meM ghAyalideva aura pArzvadeva nAmaka muniyoM kI bhI bahuta guNa-prazaMsA hai| usI varSa mAdhavacandra-maladhArI ke priya gRhastha-ziSya lavanidhi ke madhyakAla : pUrvAdha :: 283

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mAhigaur3a ke putra boNa ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| isI hindUrAya sutrANa cukkArAya ke vijayarAjya meM 1371 I. meM rAya-rAjaguru maNDalAcArya siMhanAnyi ke priya gRhastha - ziSya soraba ke biTTalagauDa kI suputrI aura tavanidhi ke nAla-mahAprabhu brahma kI ardhAginI lakSmi bommakka ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA ( gauDa yA gavuNDa aura nAlaprabhu rAjya ke pratiSThita kSetrIya evaM sthAnIya adhikArI hote the| usI varSa rAmacandra maladhAri ke ziSya candaMgo ke putra tathA anya kaI gauMr3oM evaM mahAprabhuoM ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA aura unake smAraka bane the| usa kAla ke prasiddha jaina santa zrutamuni, jinake caraNa rAjAoM dvArA pUjita the, unakI 1372 I. kI samAdhi- prazasti meM unake pramukha muni evaM gRhastha - ziSyoM kA varNana huA hai| inameM se eka the- puruSottama rAja- kAmazreSThi aura dUsare the- hullanahati ke rAjA perumAladeva tathA pempideva / ye mAcirAja aura mAlAmbikA ke putra the aura bukkarAya ke sAmanta the / unhoMne apanI rAjadhAnI meM trijagana-maMgala nAmaka jinAlaya banavAkara mANikyadeva se usakI pratiSThA karAyI thI, tathA vahIM ke prAcIna paramezvara caityAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA aura donoM kI vidhivat satata pUjA-arcA ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| perumAladeva kA nidhana 1965 I. meM huA thA aura unakI bhAvaja dharmAtmA allAmbA ne 1968 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| unakA putra rAjA narottamaMtrI thA jo bar3A guNavAn aura yazasvI thaa| san 185 apa eka vasantakIrti, devendrakIrti, vizAlakIrti, zubhakIrti, kalikAla sarvajJa mahAraka dharmabhUSaNa, amarakIrti aura vardhamAnamuni kI guNa-prazaMsA hai| Avali ke nAlamahAprabhu mandagauDa ke putra aura rAmacandra maladhAri ke gRhasva-ziSya becigauDa ne 1376 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA / Avali ke 5-6 prabhuoM ne milakara usakA smAraka banavAyA thaa| mahArAja kArAya kA pradhAna mantrI aura senApati jaina vIra baicapa thaa| vaha aura usake sIna vIra putra hI rAjya ke pramukha sainyasaMcAlaka tathA bahamanI sulatAnoM Adi usake zatruoM para bukkArAya kI bauddhika saphalatAoM ke pradhAna sAdhaka the| baicapa rAjA harihara prathama ke samaya se hI mantrI raha Aye the aura bukkArAya ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI harihara [dvitIya ke samaya taka usI pada para ArUda rhe| usake putra daNDanAtha irugapa ne 1367 I. meM eka jinAlaya cetumallUra meM banavAkara usake lie dAna diyA thaa| harihara dvitIya (1977-1404 I.) kA rAjyakAla mantrIrAja baicappa aura usake putroM evaM pautroM ke laukika tathA dhArmika kAryakalApoM se bharA hai| kUcirAja Adi anya jaina mantrI evaM rAjapuruSa bhI the| apane ina jaina vIroM ko sahAyatA se isa pratApI nareza ne apane rAjya kI zakti kAfI bar3hA lI thI, zAsana-tantra sucAru evaM susaMgaThita kiyA aura vividha upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita samrAT pada dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isake rAjya meM jainadharma khUba phlaa-phuulaa| svayaM samrAT kI mahArAnI bukkave jinabhakta thI aura usane senApati iruga dvArA nirmApita rAjadhAnI ke kunthunAtha jinAlaya ke megA 6 284 pramukha aitiersika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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lie 1397 I. meM dAna diyA thA / san 1379 I. meM AluvamahAprabhu, 18 kampA ke ziroratna, mahAprabhuoM ke sUrya, tavanidhi ke bommagauDa ne saMnyasanavidhipUrvaka bharaNa karake svarma prApta kiyA thaa| vaha bar3A dharmAtmA, puNyakAra, kIrtizAlI, jinendra ke caraNoM kA ArAdhaka aura rAjyamAnya thaa| usI samaya usake kuTucI sarIkhA, svAmibhakta evaM tanidhi ke zAnti-tIrthakara ke caraNoM kA pUjaka usakA eka sevaka bhI samAdhimaraNa dvAsa mRtya ko prApta huA thaa| mantrIzvara betrA kI mRtyu 1380 I. meM huI, usI varSa ke eka lekha meM nayakIrti-batI ke ziSya (putra) parama vidvAna evaM jyotirvijJa vAhabali paNDitadeva kI prazaMsA hai / san 1983 I. meM karimahalli ke gor3I ne pArzvadeva-yasadi nirmANa karAyI thI aura 1984 I. meM muni Adideva ne svaguru zrutakIrtideva ke svargastha hone para rAvandUra ke caityAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra karAke unakI tathA sumatinAtha tIrthaMkara kI mUrtiyA~ pratiSThApita kI thiiN| dANDeza iruga ne 1885 I. meM vijayanagara meM kunthunAtha-jinendra kA sundara pASANa-nirmita mandira banavAyA thaa| senApatti irumpappa ne 1987 I. meM svaguru puSyasena ko AjJA se usa vardhamAna-nilaya ke sammukha eka sundara maNDapa bhI banavAyA thA, jise svayaM usane 1382 I. meM nirmANa karAyA thaa| isI rAjyakAla meM munibhadradeva ne hisugala-basadi banavAyI thI aura mulagupaDa ke jinendra mandira kA vistAra kiyA thaa| unake samAdhimaraNa ke uparAnta 1386 I. meM unake ziSya pArisasainadeva ne kadi meM unakA smAraka sthApita kiyA thaa| munibhadra ke gRhastha-ziSya, caturvidhadAnavinoda, ratnatrayArAdhaka, jinamArgaprabhAvaka, hiriyAli nagara ke svAmI nAlamahAprabhu kAmagauDa ke kuladIpaka suputra candappa ne 1989 I. meM samAdhimarapA kiyA thaa| vijayakIrtideva kI ziSyA, koMgAsnyavaMza kI rAnI sugaNidevI ne 1391 I. meM apanI jananI pocavarasi ke puNyArtha apane aMgarakSaka vijayadeva dvArA mullura meM eka jinAlaya kA punaruddhAra karake isameM jinapratimA pratiSThApita kI thI aura dAna diyA thaa| soraba ke tammagauDa ko asAdhya kSayaroga ho gayA thA aura koI ilAja kAragara nahIM ho rahA thA, ataeva usane svaguru kI anumati se 1395 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyaa| usI varSa eka pratiSThita mahilA, kAnarAmaNa kI satI patnI kAmI-gauDi ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| 1997 I. meM samigauDi ne, 1999 I. meM hombucca ke pAya ne tathA candagor3i ne, 1400 I. meM uddhare ke siriyaSNa ne aura 1409 meM bommimor3i ne samAdhibharapA kiyA thaa| lagatA hai ki usa yuga meM yaha prathA bahuta lokapriya thii| zubhacandra ke priyAgra ziSya kopaNa ke candrakItideva ne 1400 I. ke lagabhaga candraprabhu kI eka pratimA apanI niSidhi ke lie pratiSThita karAyI thii| usI varSa rAjA ke jaina mantrI kRdhirAja ne koppaNatIrtha ke lie dAna diyA thaa| rAjya ke aneka jaina tIrthoM meM zravaNabelagola usa kAla meM bhI sarvapradhAna thaa| anaginata yAtrI isa tIrtha kI bandanA ke lie Ate the aura jaisA ki 1998 I. ke eka zilAlekha se prakaTa hai, usa prAnta ke zAsaka rAjya ke jaina sAmantu ye jo madhyakAla : pUrvArdha :: 2015

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tIrthAdhyakSa cArukIrti paNDitadeva ke ziSya the| san 1400 I. meM isa tIrtha para eka bhArI utsava, sambhavatayA gommaTezvara kA mahAmastakAbhiSeka huA thA jisameM dUra-dUra se asaMkhya darzanArthI sammilita hue. the| rAjA harihara dvitIya kI 1404 I. meM huI mRtyu kI ghaTanA bhI vahIM eka zilAlekha meM aMkita huI thii| isa rAjA ne kanakagiri, mUDabidrI Adi ko aneka jaina-basadiyoM ko svayaM bhI udAra bhUmidAma diye the| usakA rAjakavi madhura bhI jaina thA jo "bhUnAthasthAna cUDAmaNi' kahalAtA thA aura 'dharmanAthapurANa' evaM 'gommaTAiTaka' kA racayitA thaa| isI kAla meM abhinava zrutamuni ne malliSeNakRta 'sajjanacittavallabha' ko kannaDI TIkA, AyatatharmA ne 'kannaDIratnakaraNDa' aura candrakIti meM 'paramAgamasAra' likhe / abhinava bukkarAya yA bukkarAya dvitIya (1404-6 I.) ke prathama varSa meM Avali ke becagauDa ke patra aura gandagaur3a ke anuja ne, aura 1405 I. meM soraba ke mahAprabhu kI bhAryA tathA bayidharAja kI suputrI mecaka ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA aura svayaM isa rAjA ne 1406 I. meM mUDabidrI kI guru-basadri ko bhUdAna diyA thaa| devarAya prathama (1406-120 I.) aura mahArAnI bhImAdevI...yaha nareza jainAcArya vardhamAna ke paTTaziSya evaM mahAn vyAkhyAtA dharmabhUSaNa guru ke caraNoM kA pUjaka thaa| kaI tatkAlIna zilAlekhoM meM usake dvArA jainadharma ke prati udAra rahane aura jainaguruoM kA Adara karane ke ullekha haiN| isa kAla meM 1407 I. meM aihaligenADa ke nAlamahAna zamagoDa ko supatha mIpaNA kA mubhi gRhastha-ziSya, jinapada-nalina-bhramara, jinadharmoddhAraka, jinabimbakAraka evaM udAra bhavya hAruvagaur3a ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| prasiddha irumapa aura usake bhAI bacapa (dvitIya) ke atirikta usakA jaina mantrI gopa-cApa thA aura mAyaNa, mIpaNa Adi kaI anya jaina sAmanta the| svayaM mahArAja kI patharAnI bhImAdevI parama jinabhakta thii| vaha zravaNabelagola ke maThAdhIza paNivatAcArya kI gRhastha-ziyA thI aura usane 1410 I. meM ukta tIrtha kI prasiddha maMgAyi-asadi kA jIrNoddhAra karAke usameM zAntinAtha bhagavAn kI navIna pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thI aura uktta jinAlaya ke lie prabhUta dAna diyA thaa| isa ati sundara basadi ko, jisakA nAma tribhuvana-DAmaNi caityAlaya thA, pUrvakAla meM, 1925 I. meM abhinavacArukIti-paNDitAcArya ke ziSya, samyaktvAdi-anekaguNagaNAbharaNa-mUrSita, rAyapAtra-cUr3AmaNi, zravaNabelagola ke nivAsI maMgAdhi nAmaka sajjana ne banavAyA thaa| rAnI bhImAdevI ke sAtha hI paNDitAcArya kI eka anya ziSyA yasatAyi ne vahA~ vardhamAna svAmI kI pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thii| uparyukta maMgAyi sambhavatayA pradhAna rAjamataka (rAya-pAtra) thaa| devarAya ke uparAnta vIravijaya (1410-19 I.) rAjA huaa| usake bhI irugappa Adi jaina mantrI rhe| isake samaya meM, 1412 I. meM, merasoppe nivAsI gummaTagaNa meM zravaNabelagola kI pA~ca basadiyoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA tathA unameM AhAradAna 286 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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Adi kI vyavasthA kI zrI / gopaNa ne 1415 I. meM tathA prasiddha gopagoDa ne aura ayyaSa gaur3a kI patnI kAli-gauDa ne 1417 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thA, tathA 1419 I. meM gerasoppe kI zrImatI abe ne tathA usake sAtha samasta goSThI ne dharmakAryoM ke lie zravaNabelagola meM dAna diye the / devarAya dvitIya (141946 I.) - vIravijaya kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI yaha nareza saMgamavaMza kA antima pratApI evaM zaktizAlI nareza thaa| usane apane pUrvajoM kI udAra nIti kA hI anusaraNa kiyaa| usake samaya meM 1421 I. meM gopI ke putra bhairants ne aura munipadrasvAmI ke priya gRhastha- ziSya becagauDa ke suputra madukagoDa ne samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| mahArAja ke putra rAjakumAra harihara oDeyara ne 1422 I. meM kanakagiri ke vijayadeva - jinAlaya ke lie maleyUra grAma kI sampUrNa bhUmi kA tathA eka anya grAma kA dAna devapUjA, aMga-raMga-bhoga-vaibhava, rathayAtrA, zAsana-prabhAvanA Adi ke lie diyA thaa| vidyA vinaya vizruta svayaM mahArAja devarAma ne, 1426 I. meM, rAjadhAnI vijayanagara kI 'parNapUgIphala - ApaNavIthI' (pAna supArI bAjAra) meM, rAjamahala ke nikaTa hI, 'muktibadhUpriyathartA' evaM 'karuNAnidhi pArzva-jinezvara kA pASANanirmita sundara caityAlaya nirmANa karAyA thA, jisakA uddezya apane parAkramapUrNa kRtyoM evaM kIrti ko ajara-amara banAnA, dharmapravRtti, syAdrAdavidyA kA prakAza ityAdi thaa| rAjA ke eka jaina daNDanAyaka kariyappa meM jo zubhacandrasiddhAnti kA gRhastha-ziSya, kima kA putra aura mAranA kA zAsaka thA. thI, 1427 I. meM apane pitA kI smRti meM cokkimavya- jinAlaya banavAkara usake lie dAna diyA thaa| cikkaNagate ke putra starts ne 1450 I. meM apane putra bommanagauDa kI puNyaprApti ke lie svasthAna AnevAlu meM brahmadeva aura padmAvatI kI vasati banavAyI thii| isI nareza ke uparAjA kArkala nareza vIrapANDya ne 1492 I. meM bAhubali kI uttuMga pratimA nirmANa karAyI thI, jisake pratiSThA samAroha meM svayaM mahArAja devarAva sammilita hue the| usa kAla ke prasiddha jainaguru zrutamuni kI aitihAsika mahatva kI bRhat evaM sundara arrer prazasta gola kI siddhara basadi ke eka stambha para 1499 I. meM utkIrNa kI gayI thii| isake racayitA kavi maMgarAja the| jainAcArya nemicandra ne devarAya kI rAjasabhA meM anya vidvAnoM ke sAtha zAstrArtha karake rAjA se vijayapatra prApta kiyA thaa| isa nareza ke jaina hone meM koI sandeha nahIM hai| apane rAjya ke prathama varSa (1420 I.) meM hI usane zravaNabelagola ke gommaTasvAmI kI pUjA ke lie eka gA~va diyA thA aura apane mahApradhAna baicadaNDanAyaka ko usakA uttaradAyitva sauMpA thA tathA 1424 I. meM tuluvadezastha varAMga ke neminAtha jinAlaya ko vahI varAMga grAma dAna meM diyA thaa| rAjA ke aneka mantrI, senApati, rAjya padAdhikArI, sAmanta Adi jaina the jo usakI zakti ke stambha the aneka tatkAlIna abhilekha usa kAla meM jainadharma kI prabhAvanA, rAjyAzraya evaM pratiSThita strI-puruSoM tathA janatA kI jinabhakti madhyakAla pUrvArdha : 287

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aura jaina muruoM ke lokopakArI kAyoM ke ullekhoM se bhare par3e haiN| 'jIvandhara-carita' ke kartA bhAskara (1424 I.), "jJAnacandrAbhyudaya Adi ke katA kalyANakAti (1499 I.), zreNikacaritra' ke kartA jinadeva (1444 I.), 'dvAdazAnuprekSA' ke kataI vijaya mAnavAdI vizAla mizrarahana Adi usa kAla ke jatalekhanIya vidvAna haiN| mahAkavi kAlidAsa kA sarvaprasiddha TIkAkAra evaM vizvavaMzazasudhArNava' kA racayitA jaina vidvAn pallinAtha-sUri-kolAcala isI samrAT vIrapratApa-prauda-devarAya kA Azrita thaa| isa nareza kI mRtyu kI lipi bhI 1446 I. ke zravaNabelagola ke do jaina zilAlekhoM meM aMkita hai| usake uparAnta tIna apekSAkRta nirbala zAsaka hue| 1496 I. meM vaMzaparivAtanta huA aura saMgamavaMziyoM ke sthAna meM sAluvavaMzI rAjA hue| vaidhapa daNDAdhinAyaka -vijayanagara ke prArambhika narezoM ke sarthaprasiddha jaina mantrI kaica, baicapa vA baicae-mAdhaka aparanAma mAdhavarAya ko 1985 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM kulakramAgata-mantrI likhA hai| sambhava hai ki vaha hoyasala narezoM ke kisI jaina daNDanAyaka ke vaMza meM utpanna huA ho / usakA pitA zAnti-jineza kA bhakta, sujanoM kA mitra, citura becaya-nAyaka thA, jo sambhavatayA saMgama ke puroM ke svAtantryaprApti hita kiye gaye saMgharSa meM unakA vizvasanIya senAnAyaka aura mantrI thA, harihara-bukkA dvArA vijayanagara rAjya kI sthApanA meM unakA sahAyaka thA aura zAyada usake uparAnta bhI harihara prathama ke samaya apanI mRtyu taka rAjya sevA meM rahA / taduparAnta usakA bogya suputra prastuta vaidyapa-mAdhava harihara prathama kA daNDanAyaka huA bukkArAya prathama ke samaya meM vaha daNDAdhinAyaka (pradhAna senApati) aura rAjamantrI rhaa| usake vIra putra samaya, irupa aura bukkana bhI usake sAmane hI rAjya kI sevA maiM daNDanAyakoM ke rUpa meM niyukta ho gaye the| harihara dvitIya kA to vaizya mahApradhAna (pradhAna mantrI) evaM mahAdaNDAdhinAtha (pradhAna senApati thaa| vaha prabhAva, utsAha aura mantra ina zaktitraya se samandhita thA aura mahArAja harihara kA to samarAMgaNa meM tIsarA hAtha (tRtIya yAhu) thaa| isa parama bIra ne, vizeSakara koMkaNadeza kI vijaya meM adbhuta parakrama dikhAyA thaa| mUlataH baiya kuntala banavAsi deza sthita jainadharma ke gar3ha kampaNa-uddhare kA nivAsI thaa| isa apratima sAhaso vIra, vicakSaNa rAjanItijJa aura dharmAtmA ne 1480 I. kI vaizAkha zukla trayodazI bhaumavAra ke dina jinendra ke caraNakamaloM kA Azraya lekara samAdhividhAna se svarga prApta kiyA thaa| mantrIzvara baica apane sAhasa, vIratA, udAratA, vidvattA aura sarvAnumodita nIti ke lie prasiddha huaa| iruga daNDanAtha-mahApradhAna baiMca-mAdhava kA dvitIya putra thaa| usakA jyeSTha bhAI maMgapa aura anuja bukkana bhI rAjya ke vIra daNDanAyaka evaM mantrI the, kintu maga tInoM bhAiyoM meM sarvAdhika yogya thA aura pitA kI mRtyu ke uparAnta vahI harihara dvitIya kA mahApradhAna huaa| usane 1367 I. meM calUmallUra meM eka jinamandira 288 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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2. H banavAyA thA aura dAna diyA thA tathA 1382 I. meM tAmiladezastha tirUpatirakunta ke trailokyavallabha-jinAlaya kI pUjA-avAM ke lie mahendramaMgala nAmaka grAma dAna kiyA thaa| isI daNDeza, dharaNIza, kSitIza Adi upAdhikArI iruga ne, jI harihara mahAzaya ke daNDAdhinAtha thaica kA lokanandana-nandana thA, bar3A zuravIra thA, harihara bhUpatti kI sAmrAjya lakSmI kI zuddhi karanevAlA thA aura AcArya siMhanandi ke caraNakamaloM kA bhakta thaa| 1385 I. meM karNATaka maNDala ke kuntala viSaya meM sthita vicitra-rucira ranoM se vibhUSita mahAnagarI vijayanagara meM sundara pASANanirmita kunyunAtha-caityAlaya nirmANa karAyA thaa| isa Azaya kA lekha ukta mandira ke sammukha dIpastambha (mAnastamma) para aMkita hai| kAlAntara meM yahI mandira maNigiti-basadi (telina kA mandira) nAma se prasiddha huaa| sambhava hai ki pIche se kisI telina ne usakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA hai| isa senApati ne 1387 I. meM guru puSpasena ko AjJA se svayaM dvArA nirmita tAmiladezastha (kAMcI ke nikaTastha) mandira ke sammukha eka sundara maNDapa banavAyA thaa| yaha kuzala abhiyantA bhI thaa| 1394 I. meM eka vizAla sarovara kA utkRSTa bA~dha usane banavAyA thaa| saMskRta bhASA kA bhI yaha bhArI vidvAna thA aura usane 'nAnAtharatnAkara' nAmaka bhAvapUrNa koSa kI racanA kI thii| vaha bhArI dhanudharamA yo| candrakIti ke ziSya brAhmaNajAtIya jaina mantrI kUcisaja Adi usake sahayogI the aura svayaM usake sahodara maMgapa aura bukkana rAjya ke pratiSThita mantrI evaM ipadanAyaka the| senApati iruga ke eka sAthI dAdanAtha guNDa ne 1397 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM likhAyA thA ki 'jisakI upAsanA zaiva loga ziva ke rUpa meM, vedAntI brahma ke, bauddha buddha ke, naiyAyika kA ke, mImAMsaka karma ke aura jinazAsana ke anuyAyI arhanta ke rUpa meM karate haiM ve kezavadeva tumhArI manokAmanA pUrI kreN| yaha usa yuga ke sarvadharma-samanvaya kA eka udAharaNa hai| lan 1403 I. meM iruma mahArAja harihara dvitIya kA mahApradhAna sarvAdhikArI thaa| usake thor3e samaya pazcAt hI usakI mRtyu ho gayI lagatI hai aura usake donoM bhAiyoM kI bhI, kyoMki tadanantara una tInoM ke bajAya isa iruga ke bhatIje aura mamapa ke putra irugapa (dvitIya) aura baicaSa (dvitIya) ke ullekha prApta hote haiN| iruma (prathama) ke ullekha 1567 se 1403 taka ke prApta hote haiN| isa prakAra lagabhaga 36 varSa usane rAjya kI sevA kii| harihara dvitIya ke zAsanakAla meM jaba rAjakumAra bukkArAya (dvitIya) rAjya ke dakSiNI bhAga kA zAsaka thA (1382 I. ke lagabhaga) taba isaga usakA pradhAna daNDanAyaka thA aura zanaiH-zanaiH padonnati karate hue svayaM samrATra kA mahApradhAna sarvAdhikArI bana gayA thaa| irugapa daNDeza-iruga, irugendra, irugapa yA pirugapa isa nAma ke aura eka hI vaMza meM utpanna dUsare jaina mahAsenApati the| vaha daNDAdhinAyaka mahApradhAna baica-mAdhava ke pautra, mahApradhAna-sAdhikArI-iruga (prathama) aura daNDanAyaka bukkana ke bhalIje, daNDanAtha maMgapa kI bhAryA jAnakI se utpamma usake sAmuna aura daNDanAyaka madhyakAla : pUrvAdha :: 284

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bhavAya bhI AM mantrI vaipa (dvitIya) ke bhAI the| pitA pati saMga apane guNoM ke lie lokasammAnita the| jainAgama ke ye anuyAyI aura jinadharmarUpI ballarI ke lie samartha taru the| mAtA jAnakI rAmavapriyA jAnakI kI mA~ti cAruzIlaguNabhUSaNojjvalA thI / reter austre capa (dvitIya) bhArI yuddhavIra vijetA aura bhavyAgraNI thA tathA 1420 ke lagabhaga rAjA kA mahApradhAna thaa| svayaM daNDeza irugapa mahAnU parAkramI, pratApI, vIra, rAjanItipaTu, udAra, dAnI aura parama jinabhakta thaa| vaha ratnatraya kA parama ArAdhaka thA, caturvidha pAtradAna meM tathA dIna-dukhiyoM kA duHkha-kaSTa dUra karane meM sadA tatpara rahatA thA, hiMsA - anRta- caurya - parastrIsevana Adi kuvyasanoM se dUra rahatA thA, jinendra kI yazogAthA sunane meM usake kAna, unakA guNa-kIrtana karane meM usakI jilA, unakI vandanA meM usakA zarIra aura unake caraNakamaloM kA saurabha sevana karane meM usakI nAsikA svayaM ko dhanya mAnate the / usakA dhavalayaza pRthvI para cahu~ ora vyApta thA / isa sacivakulAgraNI daNDAdhIza irupa ne zravaNabelagola ke mahAvidvAn pIThAcArya paNDitAcArya ko gommaTezvara kI nitya pUjA ke hetu belagola grAma tathA eka vizAla sarovara banavAkara use usake taTavartI sundara upavana sahita 1422 I. meM ukta AcArya ko samarpita kara diyA thaa| tatkAlIna zilAlekhoM meM isa vIra kI prabhUta prazaMsA prApta hotI hai| mahArAja devarAja dvitIya ke pUre rAjyakAla meM vijayanagara sAmrAjya kA pramukha stambha banA rahA; kyoMki 1442 I. meM vaha rAjya ke ali mahattvapUrNa prAnta candragupti evaM goA kA sarvAdhikArI zAsaka thaa| zrutoddhAraka rAjakumArI devamati - taulava deza kI isa dharmAtmA viduSI rAjakumArI ne zrutapaMcamIvrata ke udyApana meM suprasiddha mahAvizAlakAya dhavala, jayadhavala, mahAdhavala kI tADapatrIya pratiyA~ likhAkara mUDabidrI (veNupura ) kI guru-basadi aparanAma siddhAnta basadi meM sthApita kI thii| isa vipula dravya evaM samaya sAdhya mahAn kArya dvArA usane siddhAnta zAstroM kI rakSA kI thii| yaha nagara usa yuga meM prasiddha jaina kendra thA aura 1429 I. ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra vaha saddharma ke pAlaka yuNya kAryoM ko saharSa karanevAle aura dharmakathA zravaNa ke rasika bhavya samudAya se bharA huA thaa| gopasUpa - mahArAja devarAya prathama ke samaya meM lagabhaga 1400 I. meM usakA yaha mahApradhAna gopacamUpa niDugala durga kA zAsaka thaa| vaha jaina vIra senApati apane svAmI ke rAjya kI rakSA karane meM parama uttAhI yA aura mantrI pada para ArUr3ha thA / dharmAtmA bhI aisA thA ki use jinendra samayAmbudhivardhana pUrNacandra kahA gayA hai| niDugala durga rAjya kA eka mahattvapUrNa pahAr3I kilA thaa| gopa mahAprabhu - gopagauDa yA rAjA gopIpati ( prathama ) bAndhavapura ke zAntinAtha kA bhakta thA aura vakta nagara kA zAsaka thaa| usakA putra dharmAtmA zrIpati ( siriyaNNa ) thA aura pautra usI kA nAmadhArI gopIpati (dvitIya) gopaNa yA gopamahAprabhu thA / vaha malenADa kA zAsaka thA aura kuppaTUra meM nivAsa karatA thA, jahA~ 240 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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2018 ER 12 usane eka sundara jinAlaya banavAyA thA aura usake lie dAna diyA thaa| kaNATaka deza meM nAgarakhaNDa prasiddha thA aura usakA tilaka yaha kuppaTUra thA, kyoMki vahA~ mukhyatayA jainIjana nivAsa karate the, aneka caityAlaya aura kamaloM se bhare, sarovara the| vaha goe mahAprabhu {gopIpati) dezagaNa ke siddhAntAcArya kA tajasvI priya ziSya thaa| jinendra kI pUjA, jinamandiroM ke banavAne, satpAtroM ko dAna dene Adi puNya kArya meM rata rahatA thaa| rAjA devasaya prathama ke rAjya meM 1408 I. meM isa dharmAtmA sAmanta ne saMsAra aura kuTumba kA moha chor3akara jinendra caraNoM meM mana lagAyA aura samAdhipUrvaka svarga prApta kiyaa| usakI donoM satI patniyoM-gopAya aura padmAyi-ne bhI apane pati kA anusaraNa kiyaa| sambhada hai ki nigaladurga ke zAsaka mopacamupa se yaha palenAi-mahAprabhu gopa bhinna ho| bhavya-mAyaNa-karNATaka dezastha gaMgavatI nagarI ke nivAsI dharmAtmA mANikya aura usakI bhAryA vAcAyI kA suputra tathA candrakIrti muni kA ziSya samyaktva cUDAmaNi madhyottama mAyaNa ghA, jisane 1409 I. meM yelamola ke gaMgasamudra kI do khaNDuga bhUmi kraya karake kaI vyaktiyoM kI sAkSI se gommaTasvAmI ke aSTavidhArcana ke lie dAna dI thii| gopagaur3a-gopIza, gopInAtha yA gopaNa mahArAja vIravijaya ke samaya meM nAgarakhaNDa ke antargata bhAraMgi kA zAsaka thaa| vaha bullagauDa aura mAligIDi kA parama mAtRbhakta putra thaa| paNDitAcArya aura zrutamuni usake do guru the jinameM se eka use anIti ke mArga se bacAtA thA aura dUsarA sanmArga meM lagAtA thaa| usakA pitA duralagaur3a rAyayAdi-pitAmaha abhayacandra siddhAnti kA purAnA ziSya thaa| bhAraMginagara dharmAtmA jainoM, viSTAnoM, nyAvIjanoM evaM zrImAnoM se bharA thA aura vahA~ pAca jineza kA eka uttama jinAlaya thaa| gopa svayaM bar3A udAra, dAnI aura dharmAtmA thaa| antataH 1415 I. meM samAdhividhi se usane zarIra kA tyAga kiyA aura usakA smAraka sthApita kiyA gyaa| usake pitA bullagauDa ne bhI 1406 I. meM lagabhaga samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| vaha devacandra munei kA ziSya thaa| usane jinamandiroM ko bhUmidAna kiyA thA, sarobara Adi banavAye the| gopa kI bahana bhAgIrathI ne 1456 I. meM samAdhimaraNa kiyA thaa| kampana gauDa aura nAgapaNa thoDeyara-1424 I. meM devarAja dvitIya ke samaya meM jaba usakA putra vijaya-bukkarAya prAntIya zAsaka thA aura bhamaktU-arhat paramezvara ke pAda-poM kA ArAdhaka baica-daNDanAtha (maMgapa kA putra aura isgapa kA bhAI) usakA mahApradhAna thA to baiMca ke adhIna nAgaSNavoDeyara nAmaka eka adhikArI thA jise hoyasala rAjyAdhipati kaSTA gayA hai, kyoMki sambhavatayA yaha purAne hoyasalagarezoM kA vaMzaja thaa| usake hAthoM se paNDitadeva ke eka anya ziSya nAla-mahAprabhu kampanagoDa me rAjakumAra aura mahApradhAna kI sahamatipUrvaka gommaTasvAmI kI pUjA evaM madhyakAla : pUrvAdha ::

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THA aMga-raMga-bhoga-saMrakSaNa hetu toTahali grAma kA dAna diyA thA, jisakA nANa gamapara rakhA gyaa| kampanagauDa vayinAI kA zAsaka (mahAprabhu thA aura masaNahaNi kA niyAsI thaa| usane svarga prApti ke uddezya se ukta dharma kArya kiyA thaa| ukta prAma ke sAtha tatsambandhI samasta cala-acala sampatti Aya aura adhikAra bhI pradAna kara diye the| rAjA kulazekhara Alupendradeva purAne jaina dhamAMnuyAyI AlupabaMza kA vaha naSa harihara dvitIya kA sAmanta evaM uparAjA thaa| yaha itanA vaibhavazAlI thA ki ratna-siMhAsana kA thaa| bAda pArzvanAtha bhakta thA aura 1385 I. meM usane ukta tIrthakara kA mandira mUDabidrI meM banavAyA thA aura dAna diyA thaa| nallUra usakI rAjadhAnI thii| vIra pANDya pairarasa-kArkala kA bhairarasacaMza sambhavatayA prAcIna sAntara rAjAoM kI santati meM se thA aura prArambha se anta taka jaina dharmAnuyAyI rhaa| isa kAla meM ye rAje vijayanagara samrAToM ke sAmanta uparAje the aura svayaM ko somavaMzI tathA linadasarAya kA vaMzaja kahate the| isa vaMza ke rAjA bhairavendra (bhairavarAja) ke putra rAjA bIrapANDya (pAkArAya) ne 1492 I. kI phAlguna zukla dvAdazI somavAra ke dina kArkala meM bAhubalisvAmI kI vizAla [41 phuTa 5 iMca) uttuMga manohara pratimA nirmANa karAkara pratiSThApita kI thii| isa rAjA ke guru lalitakIrti munIndra the, jinake upadeza se usane yaha dharmakArya kiyA thaa| zravaNabelagola ke gomaTezvara ke Aya unakI yahI sabase adhika vizAla pratimA hai| isa mahotsava meM vijayanagara samrAT devarAya dvitIya svayaM bhI sammilila hue the| vIrapANDya ke pitAmaha pAya bhUpAla the aura unake pitA vIra bhairava the ! ina donoM pitA-putroM ne bhI 1468 I. meM pArakara ke pAca jinAlaya ke lie bhUmi dAna diyA thaa| uparyukta caurapANDya meM 148 I. meM svanirmApita gogbhaTeza mukti ke sammukha brahmadeva stambha banavAyA thA aura usapara manIyAzita phaladAyaka jinabhakta brahmayajJa kI pratiSThApanA kI thii| devarAja dvitIya ke uttarAdhikAriyoM ke samaya meM 1451-52 I. meM bAraku rAjya ke zAsaka gopaga or3heyara ne muicidrI kI hosAvasadi meM bhairAdevI maNDapa banavAyA thA aura 1472 I. meM mahArAja virUpAkSa rAya ke pratinidhi viTTarasa oDevara ne usI basadi ko bhUmidAna diyA thaa| eka sahasva stambhoMvAlA vaha jinamandira atyanta kalApUrNa hai| aura tribhuvanatilaka-yUDAmaNi kahalAtA hai| kahate haiM ki isake koI bhI do stambha eka se nahIM haiN| rAjya ke kaI nAyakoM ne 1479 I. meM idavANa meM pArzvanAtha jinAlaya banavAyA thA aura agale varSa malabarakher3a ke neminAtha jinAlaya ke lie dAna diyA thaa| zravaNabelagola lIdhaM kI vandanA karane ke lie usa kArana meM sudara mAravAr3a taka ke yAtrI Ale dhe| aise hI eka mAravAr3I se ne 1485 I. meM vahA~ eka jinanimA pratiSThita karAyI thI aura ! I. meM aise hI eka anya seTa ne kI thii| anya 22 :: pramukha hAsika pAra pahilI

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varSoM ke bhI kaI yAtrA-lekha haiN| virUpAkSarAva kI rAjasabhA meM ubhara vihAna evaM mahAna vAdI vizAlakIrti ne ajaina vAdiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita karake rAjA se jayapatra prApta kiyA thaa| inhIM AcArya ne rAjya ke eka pramukha sAmanta, araga ke zAsaka, devappa i inAtha kI sabhA meM janadarzana para mahattvapUrNa vyAkhyAna dekara brAhmaNa vidvAnoM kI bhI vinaya evaM zraddhA prApta kara lI thii| aneka jaina gRhastha evaM muni vidvAnoM dvArA isa kAla meM bhI sAhitya kI abhivRddhi huii| gommadeza kA mahAmastakAbhiSeka. 1500 I. meM asaMkhya janasamuha kI upasthiti meM bar3e samArohapUrvaka huaa| rAjya kI ora se usake lie samasta suvidhAe~ pradAna kara dI gayI thii| isI kAla meM 1182 I. meM hArane ke devappa ke putra candapa ne harave basadi ke apane kuladevatA Adi-paramezvara kI pUjA evaM caturvidhadAna ke lie apane kuTamdhIjanoM kI anumati se bhUmi kA dAna diyA thA aura 1492 I. meM malevUra ke dimaNasahi ke putra ne kanakagiri para vijayanAthadeva kI dIpa-AratI kI sevA ke lie dravya dAna diyA thA aura 1500 I. meM paNDitadeva ke ziSyoM nAmagoMDa, kalagoMDa Adi kaI gIr3oM meM belagola kI maMgAyi basadi ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| samrAT kRSNA devarAya (1309-39 I.)-vijayanagara ke narezoM meM vaha sarvAdhika prasiddha pratApI aura mahAna samajhA jAtA hai| usake samaya meM yaha sAmrAjya apanI zakti, vistAra evaM vaibhava ke caramotkarSa para pahu~ca gayA thaa| apane pUrvavartI narezoM kI bhA~ti vaha bhI sarvadharma samadarzI thaa| usane svayaM 1516 I. meM ciMgalapuTa jile meM sthita trailokyanAtha basadi ko do grAma bheTa diye the aura 1919 I. meM punaH usI jinAlaya kA dAna diyA thaa| kollAragaNa ke municandradeva ke samAdhimaraNa ke uparAnta 1818 I. meM unake ziSya apadidAsa meM maleyUra meM unakA smAraka banavAyA thA, vidyAnandopAdhyAya meM prazasti zloka race the aura vRSabhadAsapI ne use likhA thaa| svayaM samrATa ne 1528 I. meM belArI jile ke eka jinAlaya ke lie prabhUta dAna diyA thA aura tatsambandhI zilAlekha okata karAyA thA tathA mUDabidrI kI guru basadi ko bhI sthAyI vRtti dI thii| sana 1530 I. ke eka zilAlekha meM sthAvAdamata aura jinendra ke sAtha-sAtha Adi-varAha aura zambhu ko namaskAra kiyA jAnA isa nareza dvArA rAjya kI parampasanIti ke anusaraga kA paricAyaka hai| hummaca ke padmAvatI mandira meM aMkita prAyaH usI samaya kI bAdI vidyAnanda svAbhI kI prazasti se prakaTa hai ki yaha jaina guru apanI vizvattA, vAgmitA aura prabhAva ke lie usa kAla meM sarvaprasiddha the| mahArAja kRSNadevarAya kI rAjasabhA meM vibhinna dezoM evaM matoM ke vidvAnoM ke sAtha kaI bAra saphala zAstrArtha karake unhoMne khyAti arjita kI thii| svayaM samrAT unakA bar3A Adara karatA thA aura unake caraNoM meM mastaka jhukAtA thaa| najarAyapaTTana ke naMjabhUpa. zrIraMganagara ke peraMgi (phiraMgI-IsAiyoM), saMgItApura ke sAluvendra, mallirAya, sAgarAya aura devarAya, viliga ke kalazavaMzI narasiMha, kArakala ke bhairava bhUpAla ityAdi padhyAkAla : pUrvAdha :: 233

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anya aneka tatkAlIna narezoM kI sabhA meM vAda-vijaya karake vaha sammAnita hue the| pa rAje vijayanagara samrATa ke sAmanta uparAje the aura unameM se aneka jainadharmAnuyAyI hai| isa nareza ke Azraya meM aneka jaina vidvAnoM ke kannaDa sAhitya kI mI sarAhanIya bhivRddhi kI thii| kRSNadevarAya ke usarAdhikArI acyutarAya (1530-42 I.) ke samaya meM 1531 7. meM mudagiri kI jaina dhasadi ko tathA 1533-34 I. meM tamiladeza kI kucha yasadiyoM ko dAna diye gaye the aura 1539 I. meM sAludarAja ne gommaTeza kA mahA-mastakAbhiSeka mahotsava manAyA thA jisameM usake Azrita gerusappe ke jaina seThoM kA pramukha yogadAna thA 1 usa samaya se zravaNabelagola tIrtha kA prabandha bhI ukta seToM ke hAtha meM calA gyaa| adhyutarAya ke uttarAdhikArI sadAziva rAya ke zAsanArambha meM hI 1542-13 I. tulavadeza kI katipaya yasadiyoM ko dAna diye gaye aura 1544 I. meM zravaNa-ghelagola ke AcArya abhinavacArUkIrti paNDitadeva ke ziSya zAntikAlidiva ne aMjanagiri para 11 zAsana aMkita karAyA thA, jisake anusAra 1531 I. meM suvarNavatI nadI se zAntinAtha evaM anantanAtha kI jo pratimAe~ prakaTa huI thI unheM aMjanagiri para eka nakar3I kI asadi banAkara virAjamAna kara diyA gayA thaa| agale varSa vahIM pASANa hI basadi kI nIMva DAlI gayI jo 1543 I. meM banakara pUrNa huI aura tadanantara ukta puruSoM ne usakI pratiSThA karAyI thii| ina rAjyakAloM meM bhI kannar3a bhASA ke kaI prasiddha jaina sAhityakAra hue| vijayanagara ke patanakAla meM bhI saMgItapura ke sAluya, kArkala ke bhairavata, begUra ke ajila, ullAla ke cauTa, vilikere ke arasu, bArakuru ke pANDya, maisUra ke oDeyara, bhagarI ke candravaMzI, bailagADa ke mUla, bhUlki ke sAvanta, zvetapura (bilige) ke rAje, ityAdi lagabhaga eka darjana choTe-choTe jaina rAmyavaMza karNATaka ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vidyamAna the jo usa kAla meM tathA AnevAlI (17vIM, 8vIM, 9vIM) zatAndiyoM meM bhI taddezIya jaina tIrthoM evaM kendroM kA saMrakSaNa, basadiyoM kA jIrNoddhAra, nirmANa aura rakSA, sAhityaracanA, vidvAnoM aura guruoM kA poSaNa-praznaya karate rahe aura usa deza meM jainadharma ko jIvita banAye rhe| saMgItapuranareza sAluvendra aura indagarasa-taulavadeza meM kAzyapagotra aura somakala meM utpanna mahArAja indracandra kA putra saMgirAja thA jisakI rAnI kA nAma saMkarAmbA thaa| ina donoM kA ghutra yaha mahAmaNDalezvara sAluvendra mahArAja thA jo tIrthaMkara candraprabhu kA bhakta thaa| vaha bar3A pratApI, vIra aura rala-traya-maNikaraNvAyamAna-antaHkaraNa thaa| vaha zAstradAnAdi vividha dAnoM ke dene meM sadA tatpara rahatA thaa| usane aneka bhavya evaM utuMga jinAlayoM, maNDaSoM, ghaNTiyoM se yukta mAnastambhoM, udyAnoM, prastara evaM dhAtumayI jinabimboM kA nirmANa karAke jinadharma kA saMvardhana kiyA thaa| usane 1487 I. meM palanAyakaH dharmAtmA jaina ko apanA mantrI 294 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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niyukta karake use geyakare kI samRddha jAgIra pradAna kI thii| usake anuja kumAra indagarasa boDeyara aparanAma immaDisAluvendra ne 1490 I. meM saMgItapura meM nivAsa karate hue ukta pana dvArA nirmApita caityAlaya ko bhUmidAna diyA thaa| isI zuddha samyaktva ratnAkara mahAmaNDalezvara indagarata ghoDeyara ne apanI rAjadhAnI meM rahate hue 1416 I. meM svakIya puNya ke lie baNapura (bidirUra) kI vardhamAna-svAmIbasadi ke aMga-raMga-naivedya-nitya-naimittika-zivapUjA Adi ke lie hiraNyodaka dhArApUrvaka prabhUta bhUmidAna diyA thA aura pUrvakAla meM diye gaye dAnoM kI punarAvRtti kI thii| vaha apanI zUravIratA ke lie prasiddha thaa| mantrI pacanAma-padyaseSTi, padupaNa yA padyanAma saMgItapura ke narezoM kA dharmAtmA pradhAna mandI rAha khorabATohimma) aura mAradA kA yh| padmA aura mallikA nAma kI usakI dI patiparAyaNA priya paliyA~ thiiN| mahArAja sAluvendra kA baha kRpApAtra evaM mukhya mantrI thA, bhagavAna pArzvajinendra kA parama bhakta aura zravaNabelagola ke paNDitAcArya kA priya ziSya thaa| vaha suguNasadma, hitanAnta, priya-satyavAda-nipuNa, dharmArtha-sampAdaka, catura, saccaritra, dayAhRdaya, zAstrajJa aura rAjadharma-vijJa thaa| jinacaraNoM meM apanA mastaka rakha, jina-simbadarzana meM apane kSetroM ko lagA, jinazAstroM ke zravaNa meM apane kAnoM ko upayukta kara, jimastapana meM jilA kA upayoga kara, cidAtma-bhAvanA meM mana ko lagA aura pAtradAna meM apane hAthoM ko prayukta kara vaha mahAmantrI pakSaNa svayaM ko dhanya mAnatA thaa| usakI sevAoM se prasanna hokara mahArAja sAlupendra meM 1487 I. meM use ogeyare kA samRddha grAma jAdhara meM diyA thaa| mahArAja use apane parivAra kA sadasya jaisA hI mAnate the aura sambhavatayA yaha rAjyavaMza meM hI utpanna huA thaa| apanI jAgIra ke ukta grAma meM paTumaNaseTi ne eka sundara jimAlaya banavAkara usameM pAya tIrthezvara kI pratiSThApanA kI aura usakI nitya trikAla abhiSeka-pUjA, kIrti kI pUjA, nandIzvara, aSTADika, zivarAtri, akSayatRtIyA. zrutapaMcamI, jIvadayASTamI, bhagavAna pArzva ke garbhAyataraNa, jammAbhiSeka, dIkSA, kevala-jhAna aura niryANa-prApti nAmaka paMcakalyANako ke pUjotsava karane, tapasviyoM ke AhAradAna, pUjakoM kI vRtti Adi kI suvyavasthA ke lie usane 35 // I. meM mahArAja indagarasa voDeyara se eka zAsanapatra likhAvA, jisameM rAjya meM svazAsita ogeyakare ke maulika adhikAroM kI prApti tathA uparyukta uddezyoM se kiye prabhUta ukta grAma evaM anya dAnoM kI vigata thii| caityAlaya ke uttara kI aura eka sudRr3ha makAna banavAkara ye zAsanapatra usameM surakSita rakhe gaye aura usake anta meM dAtAra ne likhA thA ki merI mRtyu ke eka hajAra varSa pazcAt hI mere yaMzaja isa makAna para adhikAra kara sakate haiM, kintu taba bhI pradAsa jAyadAda kI Aya se ukta dharmakAryoM kA saMcAlana karate raheMge-pratyeka mada kA kharca vyavasthita kara diyA gayA hai| aisI vicitra pakkI vasIyata karate hue zAyada yaha buddhimAna mantrI saMsAra kI kSa-bhaMguratA padhyakAla : pUrvAdha :: 295

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kI bAta bhUla gayA thA / mantrI padmanAbha meM padhAkarapura nAma kA eka nagara mI basAyA thaa| isa nagara meM 1498 I. meM usane pAyajinendra kA eka anya bhavya jinAlaya banAkara pratiSThita kiyA thA aura usake nitya-pUjA-dAnAdi ke lie prabhUta dAna dekara uttama vyavasthA kI thI aura zAsana akila karA diyA thaa| cenna bommarasa-maNDalezvara kulottuMga caMgAlvanareza mahAdeya-mahopAla kA pradhAna mantrI kezavanAtha kA suputra, kulapavitra evaM jinadhammasahAyapratipAlaka bommaSNa mantrI kA sahodara vaha samyaktvaM cUr3AmaNi-bommarasa thaa| 1510 I. meM usane maMjarAyapaTTaNa ke bhavya zrAvakoM ko goSThI ke sahayoga se zravaNalelagola meM gommaTasvAmI ke velliyADa' (udyAna bhavana) kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| senApati magarasa-caMgAkA suprasidhA mAjhI thaa| samrAT kRSNa devarAya ke kaI yuddhoM meM usane adbhuta vIratA dikhAyI thii| apane pitA mahAprabhu vijayapAla kI hI bhA~ti vaha parama jaina thA aura sAtha hI vidvAna aura sukavi bhI thaa| usane kaI jinamandira aura sarovara nirmANa karAye ghe tavA jayanRpa-kAvya, prabhaMjana-carita, nemijinezasaMgati, samyaktvakImudI (1509 I.), sUpazAstra Adi granthoM kI kannar3I bhASA meM racanA karake apanA nAma amara kiyA thaa| caMgAlvanareza vikramarAya ke samaya meM usane baidAra nAma bhayaMkara jaMgalI jAti kA damana karake thedapura nagara basAyA thA, kaI sthAnoM kI krilAbandI kI thI, durga banavAye the, kaI sarovara aura jinamandira banavAye the| svanimApita camagumba basadi meM usane pArvajina, padmAvatI aura cammigArAya kI sthApanA kI thii| usakI jananI devile bhI bar3I dharmAtmA thI aura pitA vijayamAla kallahalli kA zAsaka aura ghaMgAldhanareza kA mantrI thA tathA pitAmaha svayaM eka caMgAlvanareza mAdhavarAjendra thaa| daNDAdhipa maMgarasa usa yuga kA eka pramukha jaina vIra thaa| cavuDiseTTi- zravaNabelagolastha vindhyAMpari ke aSTa dikpAla maNDapa ke eka stambha para aMkita 1537 I. ke kaI lekhoM meM gerusappe nivAsI isa cavuddhiseTTi kI prazaMsanIya dhArmika pravRtti kA digdarzana prApta hotA hai| yaha udAra dhanI zrAvaka jisa vyakti ko kaSTa vA Arthika vipatti meM dekhatA usakI sahAyatA karatA aura badale maiM usase yaha likhita svIkRti (dharmasAdhana) le letA ki yaha vyakti amuka dharma-kArya karegA aura isa prakAra vaha ukta upakRta vyaktiyoM ko dharmasAdhana meM lagAtA thaa| ye dharmasAdhana (dhArmika ikarAranAme) isa prakAra ke the ki gerusaye ke dhaDiseTTi ne merI bhUmi rahana se mukta karA dI hai, ataeva maiM amaNibommathya kA putra kammathya sadaiva nimnokta dAna kA pAlana karU~gA...eka saMgha ko AhAra, tyAgada-brahma ke sAmane ke udyAna kI dekharekha aura akSatapuMja ke lie Avazyaka tandula'-'Apane hamAre kaSTa kA parihAra kiyA hai, jisake upalakSya meM maiM devapa kA putra cimaNa sadaiva eka saMgha ko AhAra-dAna duuNgaa|' "kavi ke putra bommaNa ne cayuDiseTTi ko vaha dharmasAdhana diyA, 295 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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kyoMki hi ne unakI Apad kA nivAraNa kiyA hai| yaha saMdaiva varSa meM chaha mAsa eka saMgha ko AhAra degA, cennavya mAlI ne dharmasAdhana diyA, kyoMki seTi ne usakI bhUmi rahana se mukti kara dI hai; vaha amuka dharma - kArya karegA ityAdi / rAnI kAla devI- kArkala nareza vIra mairarasa boDeyara kI choTI bahana thI jo baguji sIme kI rakSikA evaM zAsikA thii| usane 1530 I. meM apane kuladevatA kalla-vasadi ke pAzrva tIrthakara kI nitya pUjA ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| jaba usakI putrI kumArI rAmAdevI kI mRtyu ho gayI to usane usakI smRti meM bhUmi, cAvala, tela, dhAtu Adi ke vividha dAna diye the| kAlaladevI aura vIra bhairarasa kI mAtA kA nAma bommala devI thA aura pitA kA zAyada bommarasa vIra gairarasa ( bhairavapAla ) vAdI vidyAnanda kA bhakta thA aura sambhavatayA bhavyAnandazAstra ke racayitA pANDya kSamApati aura vardhamAna dvArA 1542 I. meM ullikhita pANDyarAja yahI thA / usakI rAnI bhairavAmbA sAluvavaMza kI rAjakumArI thI aura bar3I jinabhakta dharmAtmA thI / vIravya nAyaka--samrAT kRSNAdevarAya kA eka sAmanta thA aura cAmarAjanagara kA zAsaka thA jo eka prAcIna gaMgravaMzakAlIna .. bastI thii| vIrakha nAyaka ne 1517 na I. meM vahA~ eka jinamandira banavAkara usake lie "diyA thaa| gerusappe ke zAsaka ye bhI parama jaina the, kRSNAdevarAya ke sAmanta the / inhoMne 1528 I. ke lagabhaga ukta nagara meM kaI jinamandira banavAye the aura dAna diye the| tolavadeza meM ambunadI ke dakSiNa taTa para sthita kSemapura nagara meM ina somavaMzI kAzyapa gotrI kSatriyoM kA rAjya thaa| inake kuladevatA neminAtha tIrthaMkara the aura gommaTeza ke hI ve bhakta the| isa vaMza meM devamahIpati nAma kA bhUpAla cUDAmaNi huA jisane gommaTeza kA mahAmastakAbhiSeka karAyA thaa| usake vaMza meM kaI rAjAoM ke uparAnta jinadharmarUpI samudra ke lie candramA ke samAna bhairava bhUpati huA jisake choTe bhAI bhairava, amba kSitIza aura sAlvamalla (sAlubamallarAya ) the| sAlyamalla sabase choTA hote hue bhI sabase mahAna thA / vaha somavaMzAbjabhAna, budhajana ke lie kAmadhenu, jinendra kI rathayAtrAe~ karAnevAlA, sadguNo aura caritravAn thaa| isa rAjA kA uttarAdhikArI usakA bhAnajA devarAya huA jo saptopAya- vicAra - cAru catura thA aura apane mAtula kI bhA~ti hI rAjya evaM nagara kA samartha rakSaka evaM zAsaka thaa| usakA bhAnajA sAlvamalla (dvitIya) thA, jisakA anuja bhairavendra thaa| ye saba bar3e dharmAtmA jinabhakta bIra aura parAkramI the| rAjA devarAya rAjagurU paNDitAcArya ke caraNakamatI kA bhramara thA aura apane ukta mAnajoM evaM anya parivAra ke sAtha tulukokaNa-haiye pradeza para 1560 I. ke lagabhaga sukhapUrvaka zAsana kara rahA thaa| usa samaya usake rAjyazreSThi ambuvaNa seTha ne mAnastambha banavAkara mahAn dharmotsava kiyA thA aura dAna diye the / yojaNa zreSThi koMkaNa, haiva aura banavAsipura ke adhIzvara candAurakadamba madhyakAla pUrvArdha : 297

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kulatilaka kAmideva mahArAja ke daNDAdhinAtha kAya kA putra samaNa hegar3e thA, jisake ATha putra the| inameM sarvAdhika prasiddha yojaNa zreSThi thaa| laMgaNa aura rAmakka nAma kI usakI do patniyA~ thIM, jinameM se prathama se rAmaNa zreSThi aura dUsarI se kallapaseTTi nAma ke putra utpanna hue the| apanI ina donoM bhAryAoM ke sAtha kSemapura meM rahate hue vojaNa zreSTha atyanta samRddha ho gayA aura usane rAjya -zreSThi kI padavI prApta kara lI taba usane kSemapura meM anantanAtha tIrthakara kA sundara caityAlaya banavAyA tathA eka nemIzvara caityAlaya banavAyA aura anya agaNita puNya kArya kiye| antataH rAjazreSThi kA pada putroM ko sauMpakara svargagAmI huA / kallapazreSThi ne pitA dvArA nirmANita nemIzvara caityAlaya meM gommaTeza kI pratikRti sthApita kI thI / ambuvaNa zreSThi- pUrvokta yojaNa zreSThi ke putra rAmaNaseTTi kA putra tammaNa thA, jisakA putra nAgasehi huaa| sAtama aura nAgama nAma kI usakI do patniyA~ thiiN| nAgama kA pitA nemaNaseSTi haive rAjya kA pramukha seTha thA jo pAzrva jinAlaya kA nirmAtA aura caturvidhadAnaM kA dAtA thaa| nAgama svayaM bar3I guNavatI, zIlavatI, patiparAyaNA aura jinendrapada-pUjAsakta thii| usakA putra prastuta ambuvaNa zreSTha thA jo apane taka bamazreNi reziora devI nAza kI uttakI do dharmAtmA priya patiyA~ thIM aura koTaNaseTTi evaM mallisehi nAmaka do bhAI the / eka dina rAjyazreSThi ambuvaNa apanI bhAryA devarasa ke sAtha nemIzvara- caityAlaya meM gye| bhagavAn ko stavana, vandana evaM munijana kA pUjA-satkAra karake unhoMne munirAja abhinaya - samantabhadra kA dharmopadeza sunA aura vicAra kiyA ki ukta jinAlaya ke sammukha mAnastambha bnvaaeNge| para Akara apane bhAiyoM tathA anya kuTumbajanoM kI sammati lekara apane mahArAja devabhUpati ke sAmane vicAra prakaTa kiyaa| mahArAja ne saharSa sahamati dii| ataeva 15650 I. meM isa dharmAtmA rAjya seTha ne ukta sthAna meM kAMsya dhAtu kA bar3A uttuMga sundara evaM kalApUrNa mAnastambha banavAkara mahArAja tathA samasta saMgha kI upasthiti meM bar3e samArohapUrvaka pratiSThApita kiyaa| isI bIca usakI patnI devarasa ne padmarasi evaM devarasi nAmaka jur3avA putriyoM ko janma diyA to seTha ne una kanyAoM kI U~cAI jitanA Thosa svarNa kalaza ukta mAnastambha para car3hAyA / isa prakAra sadUdharma ke chatra daNDa jaisA cAra jinabimboM se yukta vaha sundara mAnastambha pRthvI para zobhAyamAna huA / 298 : pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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madhyakAla : uttarArdha ( lagabhaga 1556-1756 I.) mugala samrAT yaha yuga pradhAnatayA mug2ala sAmrAjyakAla thaa| san 1526 I. meM pAnIpata ke yuddha meM lodI sultAnoM ke rAjyako karake aura dillI evaM adhikAra karake mug2ala bAdazAha bAbara ne mugala-rAjya kI nIMva DAlI thii| prasiddha vIra rANA sAMgA ne use deza se nikAla bAhara karane kA asaphala prayatna kiyA thaa| bAbara apane adhikAra ko vyavasthita bhI na kara pAyA thA ki 1530 I. meM usakI mRtyu ho gyii| usakA uttarAdhikArI humAyU~ bhI rAjya ko sugaThita na kara pAyA aura 1539 I. meM zerazAha sUrI ne use bhArata se palAyana kara jAne ke lie bAdhya kara diyaa| pandraha varSa pazcAt humAyU~ punaH AyA aura pAnIpata ke dUsare yuddha meM sUrI sultAnoM ko parAjita karake dillI kA bAdazAha banA kintu eka varSa ke bhItara hI usakI mRtyu ho gyii| usakA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI mug2ala samrAT akabara mahAnU thaa| vahI mug2ala sAmrAjya kA vAstavika saMsthApaka thA / akabara mahAn (1556-1605 I.)- prAyaH sarvathA zUnya se prArambha karake isa vIra, pratApI, mahattvAkAMkSI, dRDha-nizAyI evaM udAra nareza ne eka ati vizAla, sugaThita, suvyavasthita, suzAsita, samRddha evaM zaktizAlI sAmrAjya kA nirmANa evaM upabhoga kiyaa| mahAdeza bhAratavarSa ke bahubhAga para usakA ekAdhipatya thA aura usake zAsanakAla meM deza kI bahumukhI unnati huii| vizva ke sarvakAlIna mahAn narezoM meM mugala samrAT akabara kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| usakI saphalatA ke kAraNoM meM usakI udAra nIti, nyAya-priyatA, dhArmika sahiSNutA, vIroM aura vidvAnoM kA samAdara tathA svayaM ko bhAratIya evaM bhAratIyoM kA hI samajhanA sambhavatayA pramukha the| rAjapUta rAjAoM meM se kaI eka ke sAtha vaivAhika sambandha karake aura unheM apane zAsana-tantra maiM upayukta pratiSThA pradAna karake usane adhikAMza rAjapUtoM ko apanA sahAyaka banA liyA thA / yaha mahattvAkAMkSI thA to guNa grAhaka aura dUradarzI evaM kuzala nItijJa bhI thaa| yuddhabandiyoM ko gulAma banAne kI prathA hindU aura jaina tIrthoM para pUrvavartI madhyakAla : uttarArdha : 299

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sullAnoM dvArA gAye gaye karoM aura jajiyA kara ko samApta karake usane svayaM ko bhAratIya janoM meM lokapriya banA liyA thaa| aneka da aura namI rAjakIya pada para niyukta the| bhAratIya sAhitya aura kalA kI bhI prabhUta pragati huii| samrAT dvArA 1379 I. meM dharmAdhyakSa kA pada bhI grahaNa karane kI ghoSaNA se kucha kahara mullA loma usase avazya ruSTa hue, kintu usakI gaira-muslima prajA santuSTa hI huii| musalamAnI zAsana meM unakI dhArmika svatantratA para jo kar3A pratibandha yA vaha bahuta kucha DhIlA par3atA dikhAI diyaa| usI varSa rAjadhAnI AgarA ke jainoM ne vahA~ digabhyara AmnAya kA mandira nirmANa kiyA aura bar3e samAroha ke sAtha bimba-pratiSThA mahotsava kiyaa| AgarA ke nikaTa sauripura aura hathikanta meM tathA sAmrAjya kI dvitIya rAjadhAnI dillI meM nandisaMgha ke digambarI bhaTTArakoM ko mahiyA~ thiiN| dillI meM kASThAsaMgha kI tathA zvetAmbara yatiyoM kI bhI gaddiyoM thiiN| raNakArAya, bhAramalla, ToDara sAhU, hIrAnanda mukIma, karmacanda bacchAvata prabhRti aneka pratiSThita jaina rAjyamAnya aura samrATa ke kRpApAtra the| usake rAjyakAla meM lagabhaga do darjana jaina sAhityakAroM evaM kadiyoM ne sAhitya-sRjana kiyA, kaI prabhAvaka jaina santa hue, mandiroM kA nirmANa huA, jaina tIrtha-yAtrA saMgha ghale aura jaina janatA ne kaI sau varSoM ke pazcAt punaH dhArmika santoSa kI sAMsa lii| svayaM samrATa ne prayatnApUrvaka tatkAlIna jaina muruoM se samparka kiyA aura unake upadezoM se lAbhAnvita huaa| AcArya hIravijayasUri kI prasiddhi sunakara samrATa ne 1581 I. meM gujarAta ke sUbedAra sAhabakhoM ke dvArA unako Amantrita kiyA, ataeva apane ziSyoM sahita sUrijI 1582 I. meM Apasa padhAre / samrAT ne dhUmadhAma ke sAtha unakA svAgata kiyA aura unakI vidvattA evaM upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara unheM 'jagadgurU' kI upAdhi dii| AcArya aura unake ziSya samrAT ko yathAksara dharmopadeza dete the| vijayasenarmANa ne samrATa ke darabAra meM 'Izvara kartA-halA nahIM hai' viSaya para anya dharmoM ke vidvAnoM se zAstrArtha kiye aura bhaTTa nAmaka prasiddha brAhmaNa paNDita ko bAda meM parAjita karake 'savAI' upAdhi prApta kii| samrATa ne lAhaura meM bhI gaNijI ko apane pAsa bulAyA thaa| yati bhAnucandra ne samrAT ke lie 'sUrya-sahamanAma' kI racanA kI aura 'pAtazAha akabara jalAluddIna sUrya sahasranAmAdhyApaka' khlaaye| unake fArasI bhASA ke jJAna se prasanna hokara samrATa ne unheM nazaphahama' upAdhi bhI pradAna kI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra samrATa ko bhayAnaka ziraHzUla huA to usane yatijI ko bulvaayaa| unhoMne kahA ki vaha to koI vaidya-hakIma nahIM haiM, kintu samrAT ne kahA ki unapara usakA vizvAsa hai, yaha kaha deMge to pIr3A dUra ho jaaegii| yatijI ne samrATa ke mastaka para hAtha rakhA aura usakI pIr3A dUra ho gyii| musAhaboM ne isa jazI meM kurbAnI kasane ke lie pazu ekatra kiye / samrAT ne sunA to usane turanta kurbAnI ko rokane kA aura pazuoM ko chor3a dene kA Adeza diyA aura kahA ki 'mujhe sukha ho, isa khuzI meM dUsare prANiyoM ko dukha diyA jAe, 900 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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yaha sarvathA anucita hai| muni zAnticandra meM bhI samrATa ko bar3A prabhAvita kiyA thaa| eka varSa IdujjuhA (bakarIda) ke tyauhAra para jaba vaha samrATU ke pAsa the to eka dina pUrva unhoMne samrATa se nivedana kiyA ki vaha usI dina anyatra prasthAna kara Age, kyoMki agale dina yahA~ hajAroM-lAkhoM nirIha pazuoM kA badha hone vAlA hai| unhoMne svayaM "kurAna kI AyatoM se yaha siddha kara dikhAyA ki 'kuAnI kA mAna aura rakta khadA ko nahIM pahu~catA, vaha isa hiMsA se prasanna nahIM hotA, balki parahejagArI se prasanna hotA hai, roTI aura zAka khAne se hI rone kabUla ho jAte haiN|' islAma ke anya aneka dharmagranthoM ke havAle dekara munijI me samrATa aura dAvAriyoM ke hRdaya para apanI bAta kI sacAI jamA dii| ataeva samrATa ne ghoSaNA karA dI ki isa Ida para kisI bhI jIva kA badha na kiyA jaae| bIkAnera ke rAjyamantrI karmacandra bacchAvata kI preraNA se 1592 I. meM samrATU ne jinacandrasUri ko khambhAta se Amantrita kiyA aura jaba baha lAhaura padhAre to unakA utsAha se svAgata kiyaa| ina sUrijI ne samrATa ke pratibodha ke lie 'akabara-prativodharAsa' likhaa| samrATa ne unheM 'yugapradhAna' upAdhi dI aura unake kahane se do pharmAna jArI kiye, jinameM se eka ke anusAra khambhAta kI khAr3I meM machalI pakar3ane para pratibandha lagAyA aura dUsare ke anusAra ASAr3hI aSTAhikA maiM pazubadha niSiddha kiyA gyaa| sarijI ke sAtha mAnasiMha, baipaharSa, paramAnanda aura samayasundara nAma ke ziSya bhI Aye the| samrAT kI icchAnusAra sUrijI ne mAnasiMha ko jinasiMhasUri nAma dekara apanA uttarAdhikAra aura AcArya-pada pradAna kiyaa| karmacandra bacchAvata ne samrAT kI sahamati se yaha paTTabandhotsava bar3e samAroha ke sAtha manAyA thaa| pAna ke pArthanAtha pandira meM aMkita 1595 I, ke eka vRhat saMskRta zilAlekha meM jinacandrasUri viSayaka yaha saba prasaMga varNita hai| muni padmasundara ne sammavatayA isa samrATU ke Azrama meM hI 'akabarazAhI-zRMgAradarpaNa' kI racanA kI thI / kahA jAtA hai ki jada zAhajAde salIma ko eka patnI ne mUlanakSatra ke prathama-pAda meM kanyA prasava kI to jyotiSiyoM ne ise bar3A aniSTakara batAyA aura pitA ke lie usakA mukha dekhane kA bhI niSedha kiyaa| samrATa ne abulaphajala Adi pramukha amAtyoM se parAmarza karake karmacandra bacchAvata ko jainadharmAnusAra gRhazAnti kA upAya karane kA Adeza diyA ! astu, karmacandra ne caitrazukla pUrNimA ke dina svarNa-rajata kalazoM se tIrthakara supArzvanAtha kI pratimA kA bar3e samArohapUrvaka abhiSeka kiyA aura zAnti-vidhAna kiyaa| pUjana kI samApti para maMgaladIpa evaM AratI ke samaya samrATa apane putroM aura darabAriyoM ke sAtha vahA~ AyA, abhiSeka kA mandhodaka vinayapUrvaka usane apane mastaka para car3hAyA, antaHpura meM baigamoM ke lie bhI bhijavAyA aura ukta jina-pandira ko dasa sahana munAe~ bheMTa kii| usane gujarAta ke sUbedAra AjamakhoM ko pharamAna bhelA thA ki mere rAjya meM jainoM ke tIrthoM, mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM ko koI bhI vyakti kisI prakAra kI zatti na pahu~cAe, jo isa Adeza kA ullaMghana karegA, bhISaNa madhyakAla : jatnagarbha :: 50

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daNDa kA bhAgI hogaa| prAyaH usI kAla ke meDalAdurga ke zilAlekhoM meM bhI samrAT akabara dvArA jaina muniyoM ko yugapradhAna pada dene, ASAr3hI aSTArikA meM amAri ghoSaNA karane, varSa meM saba milAkara lagabhaga Der3ha-paune do sau dinoM meM sampUrNa rAjya meM pazuvadha yA jIva-hiMsA banda karane, khambhAta kI khAr3I meM machaliyoM kA zikAra banda karane, sarvatra gorakSA kA pracAra karane, zatruMjaya Adi tIrthoM se rAjyakara uThA lene Adi kA ullekha hai / pANDe rAjamalla ne 1585 I. ke lagabhaga likhA ki dharma ke prabhAva se samrAT akabara ne jajiyAkara banda karake yaza kA upArjana kiyA, hiMsaka vacana usake mukha se bhI nahIM nikalate the, jIvahiMsA se vaha sadA dUra rahatA thA, apane dharmarAjya meM usane dyUtakrIr3A aura madyapAna kA bhI niSedha kara diyA thA, kyoMki madyapAna se manuSya kI buddhi bhraSTa ho jAtI hai aura vaha kumArga meM pravRtti karatA hai| usI varSa pANDe jinadAsa ne bhI apane 'jambUsvAmIcaritra' meM akabara kI sunIti aura surAjya kI prazaMsA kI thii| gvAliyara nivAsI kavi parimala ne 1594 I. meM AmarA meM hI racita apane 'zrIpAla caritra' meM samrAT akabara kI prazaMsA, usake dvArA go-rakSA ke prayatna, AgarA nagara kI sundaratA, vahA~ jaina vidvAnoM kA sat-samAgama aura unakI nitya honevAlI vidvadgoSThiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| vidhAharSasUri ne apane 'aMjanA-sundarIrAsa (1604 I.) meM akabara dvArA jaina guruoM ke prabhAva se gAya, bhaiMsa, baila, pazuoM kI se mukti, jaina guruoM ke prati Adara pradarzana, dAnapuNya ke kAryoM meM utsAha lenA ityAdi kA ullekha kiyA hai| mahAkavi banArasIdAsa ne apane Atmacarita meM likhA hai ki jaba jaunapura meM apanI kizorAvasthA meM unhoMne samrAT akabara kI mRtyu kA samAcAra sunnA vA to yaha mUrcchita hokara gira par3e the aura anya janatA meM bhI sarvatra bAhi-trAhi maca gayI thI - yaha tathya usa samrAT kI lokapriyatA kA sUcaka hai| akabara ke mitra evaM pramukha amAtya abulafajala ne apanI prasiddha 'AIne-akabarI' meM jainoM kA aura unake dharma kA vivaraNa diyA hai| isa mahAgrantha ke nirmANa meM usane jaina vidvAnoM kA bhI sahayoga liyA thaa| baMgAla Adi ke narezoM kI vaMzAvalI unhIM kI sahAyatA se saMkalita kI gayI batAyI jAtI hai| hIravijayasUri Adi kaI jaina guruoM kA ullekha bhI usane isa grantha meM kiyA hai| phatahapura sIkarI ke mahaloM meM apane jaina guruoM ke baiThane ke lie samrAT ne viziSTa jaina kalApUrNa sundara pASANanirmita chatarI banavAyI thI jo 'jyotiSI kI baiThaka' kahalAtI hai| 'AIne akabarI meM akabara kI kucha uktiyA~ saMkalita haiM jo usakI manovRtti kI paricAyaka haiM, yathA "yaha ucita nahIM hai ki manuSya apane udara ko pazuoM kI kabra bnaae| mAMsa ke atirikta bAja pakSI kA koI anya bhojya na hone para bhI use mAMsabhakSaNa kA daNDa alpAyu ke rUpa meM milatA hai, taba manuSyoM ko jinakA prAkRtika bhojana mAMsa nahIM haiM, isa aparAdha kA kyA daNDa nahIM milegA? kasAI, baheliye Adi jIva- hiMsA karanevAle vyakti jaba nagara se bAhara rahate A pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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mAzAtAmpravaamir 111 haiM to mAMsAhAriyoM ko magara ke bhItara rahane kA kyA adhikAra hai| mere lie yaha kitane sukha kI bAta hotI ki yadi merA itanA bar3A hotA ki sasta mAMsAhA kevala use hI khAkara santuSTa ho jAte aura anya jIvoM kI hiMsA na karate / prANihiMsA ko rokanA atyanta Avazyaka hai, isIlie maiMne svayaM mAMsa khAnA chor3a diyA hai|" striyoM ke sambandha meM yaha kahA karatA thA "yadi yuvAvasthA meM merI cittavRtti aba-jaisI hotI to kadAcit maiM vivAha hI nahIM krtaa| kisase vivAha karatA? jo Ayu meM bar3I haiM ye merI mAtA ke samAna haiM, jo choTI haiM ye putrI ke tulya haiM aura jo samayayaskA haiM unheM maiM apanI bahaneM mAmatA huuN|" binseNTa smitha prabhRti itihAsakAroM kA mata hai ki jIvana ke uttarArdha meM, lagabhaga 1580-81 I. ke uparAnta, samrATa akabara ke aneka kArya evaM vyavahAra usake dvArA jaina AcAra-vicAra ko aMzataH svIkAra kara lene ke pariNAmasvarUpa hue| prANihiMsA se use ghRNA ho calI thii| go-mAMsa chUtA bhI nahIM thaa| anya mAMsa kA AhAra bhI jaba-taba aura bahuta kama karatA thA, antataH usakA bhI sarvathA tyAga kara diyA thaa| varSa ke kucha nizcita dinoM meM pazu-pakSiyoM kI hiMsA ko usane mRtyudaNDa kA aparAdha ghoSita kara diyA thaa| smitha kahatA hai ki isa prakAra kA AcaraNa aura jIvahiMsA niSedha kI kar3I AjJAe~ jArI karanA jaina guruoM ke siddhAntoM ke anusAra alane kA prayatna karane ke hI pariNAma the aura pUrvakAla ke jainanarezoM ke anurUpa the| kyA Azcarya haiM jo aneka vargoM meM yaha prasiddha ho gayA ki 'akabara ne jainadharma dhAraNa kara liyA hai| purtagAlI jesuiTa pAdarI pinherI ne apane pratyakSa anumAna ke AdhAra se apane vAdazAha ko 1595 I. meM AgarA se bheje gaye patra meM likhA thA ki akabara jainadharma kA anuyAyI ho gayA hai, vaha jaina niyamoM kA pAlana karatA hai, jainavidhi se Atmacintana aura AtmArAdhana meM bahudhA lIna rahatA hai, madya-mAMsa aura yUta ke niSedha kI usane AjJA pracArita kara dI hai, ityaadi| aneka Adhunika itihAsakAra bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki samrATa akabara jainadharma para bar3I zraddhA rakhatA thA, athavA usa dharma aura usake guruoM kA bar3A Adara karatA thaa| kucha to yahA~ taka kahate haiM ki usake ahiMsA dharma kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa hI mullA-maulavI aura aneka musalamAna saradAra usase asantuSTa ho gaye the aura unhIM kI preraNA evaM sahAyatA se rAjakumAra salIma (jahA~gIra) ne tridoha kiyA thaa| kucha ho, isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki mugala samrATa akabara mahAn udAra, sahiSNu aura sarvadharmasamadarzI nareza thA / musalamAna, hindU, jaina, pArasI, IsAI Adi sabhI dharmoM ke vidvAnoM ke pravacana baha AdarapUrvaka sunatA thA aura jisakA jo aMza use rucatA use grahaNa kara letA thaa| vastutaH use kisI bhI eka dharma kA anuyAyI kAhA hI nahIM jA sktaa| jaina itihAsa meM usakA ullekhanIya sthAna isI kAraNa hai ki kisI bhI jainetara samrAT se jainadharma, jaina guruoM aura jaina janatA ko isa yuga meM jo udAra sahiSNutA, saMrakSaNa, poSaNa aura mAna prApta ho sakatA thA padhyakAla : uttarArdha :: 50

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yaha usake zAsanakAla meM huaa| yahA~ taka kahA AtA hai ki mAyadevasUri ke ziSya zIladeva se prabhAvita hokara isa samrATU ne 1577 I. ke lagabhaga eka jina-mandira ke sthAna para banAyI gayI masjida dhAkara phira jamandira banavAne kI AzA de dI thii| isa prakAra ke anya udAharaNa bhI haiM, yathA sahAranapura ke siMdhiyAna mandira sambandhI kiNvdntii| ___ akabara ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI mug2ala samrATa nUruddIna jahA~gIra (1605-27 I.) ne sAmAnyatayA apane pitA kI dhArmika nIti kA anusaraNa kiyaa| apane Atmacaritra 'tujuke-jahA~gI' ke anusAra usane rAjyAdhikAra prApta karate hI ghoSaNA kI thI ki 'yere janma-mAla meM sAre rAjya meM mAMsAhAra niSiddha rahegA, saptAha meM eka-eka dina aise hoMge jinameM sabhI prakAra ke pazuvadha kA niSedha hai, mere rAjyAbhiSeka ke dina, guruvAra ko tathA ravivAra ko bhI koI mAMsAhAra nahIM karegA, kyoMki usa dina (ravivAra ko) sRSTi kA sRjana pUrNa huA thA, atAzya usa dina kisI bhI prANI kA ghAta karanA anyAya hai| mere pUjya pitA ne gyAraha varSoM se adhika samaya taka ina niyamoM kA pAlana kiyA hai, ravivAra ko to vaha kabhI bhI mAMsAhAra nahIM karate the, ataH maiM bhI apane rAjya meM uparyukta dinoM meM jIva-hiMsA ke niSedha kI udghoSaNA karatA haiN| jinasiMhasari (yati mAnasiMha Adi jaina garuoM ke sAtha bhI vaha ghaNToM dArzanika carcA kiyA karatA thaa| ina jainaguru ko usane 'yugapradhAna' upAdhi bhI pradAna kI thii| kAlAntara meM jaba unhoMne vidrohI zAhajAde khusarU kA pakSa liyA to jahA~gIra unase atyanta ruSTa ho gayA aura unake sampradAya ke vyaktiyoM ko apane rAjya se bhI nirvAsita kara diyA thaa| vaise, usake zAsanakAla meM kaI navIna jaina-mandira bhI bane, apane dharmotsava manAne aura tIrthayAtrA karane kI bhI jainoM ko svatantratA thii| gujarAta Adi prAntoM ke jainiyoM ne usake prAntIya sUbedAroM se pazubadha-nirodha-viSayaka faramAna bhI jArI karAye the| sA~bhara ke rAjA bhAramala aura Agare ke hIrAnanda mukIma-jaise kaI jaina seTha usake kRpApAtra the| brahmarAyamalla, banavArI lAla, vidyAkamala, brahmagulAla, guNasAgara, tribhuvanakIrti, bhAnukIti, sundaradAsa, bhagavatIdAsa, kavi viSNu, kavi nanda Adi aneka jaina gRhastha evaM sAdhu vidvAnoM ne nirAkulatApUrvaka sAhitya racanA kI thii| kavi jagat ne to apane 'yazodhara-caritra' meM Agasa nagara kI sundaratA aura 'nRpati nUradIzAhi' (jahA~gIra) ke caritra evaM pratApa kA tathA usake sukha-zAntipUrNa rAjya meM honevAle dharmakAryoM kA acchA varNana kiyA hai| paNDita banArasIdAsa kI vidvadgoSThI isa kAla meM AgarA nagara meM jama rahI thI aura yaha jaina mahAkavi apanI udAra kAvyadhArA dvArA hindU-musalima ekatA ko protsAhana de rahe the tathA adhyAtmarasa pravAhita kara rahe the| jahA~gIra ke utarAdhikArI zAhajahA~ (1628-58 I.) ke samaya meM pratikriyA prArambha ho gayI thI aura akabara kI udAra dhArmika sahiSNutA kI nIti meM uttarottara 304 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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phyApta antara dRSTigocara hone lgaa| vo to jahA~gIra ke zAsanakAla meM jaba vaha gujarAta kA sUbedAra thA to usane vahA~ ke jainoM kI prArthanA para jIvahiMsA-niSedhaka kaI pharamAna jArI kiye the; yadyapi yaha kArya isane vahIM ke dhanI seThI ne rAjakoSa .. ke lie vipula dhana lekara hI kiyA yatAyA jAtA haiN| yaha bhI anuzruti hai ki AgarA ke paNDita lamArasIdAsa zAhajahoM ke musAhaba the aura usake sAtha bahudhA zataraMja khelA karate the| apane antima varSoM meM jaba kavi kI cittavRtti rAja-darabAra se virakta huI to samrAT meM samheM darabAra meM upasthita na hone kI saharSa anumati de dI thii| ina paNDitajI kI AdhyAtmika vidgoSThI isa kAla meM nirantara calI, jisameM dasiyoM uccakoTi ke vidvAna sammilita the| dillI, lAhaura, mulatAna Adi pramukha namaroM ke jaina vidvAnoM se bhI isa satsaMga kA samparka banA rahatA thA / zvetAmbara yati, digambara mahAraka, aillaka, kSullaka, brahmacArI Adi to rAjya aura rAjadhAnI meM vicarate hI rahate the| zAntidAsa nAmaka eka nagna jainamuni kA bhI usa kAla meM Amare meM AnA pAyA AtA hai| isa zAsanakAla meM svayaM banArasIdAsa, bhagavatIdAsa, pANDe hemarAja, pANDe rUpacandra, pANDe harikRSNa bhaTTAraka jagabhUSaNa; kadi sAlivAhana, yati lUNasAgara, pRthvIpAla, bIradAsa, kavi sadhAtamanoharalAla kharagasena, rAyacandra Adi aneka jaina vidvAnoM meM vipula sAhitya sRjana kiyA / dillI meM svayaM lAlakile ke sAmane zAhajahA~ ke zAsanakAla meM hI jainoM kA vaha prasiddha lAlamandira banA thA jo urdU-mandira yA lazkarI-mandira bhI kahalAtA thA, kyoMki vaha zAhI senA ke jaina sainikoM evaM anya rAjyakarmacAriyoM kI prArthanA para samrAT ke prazraya meM usakI anumatipUrvaka banA thA (urdU kA artha senA kI chAvanI hai)| usI kAla meM dillI daravAje ke nikaTa bhI eka jana-mandira kA nirmANa huA thaa| auraMgakSetra (1658-1707 I.) meM apane pUrvajoM kI samadarzitA kI nIti kI prAyaH pUrNatayA badala diyaa| vaha kaTTara musalamAna thA aura dharma ke viSaya meM atyanta asahiSNu thaa| usane mathurA, vArANasI Adi ke aneka prasiddha hindU mandiroM ko tujhyAkara unake sthAna meM masjideM banavA dI thii| kintu sAmAnya zAsanatantra sudRr3ha thaa| prAyaH sampUrNa bhAratavarSa para isakA prabhutva thaa| usakI zakti aura samRddhi bhI sarthopari thii| samrAjya ke kendrIya bhAgoM meM sAmAnyatayA arAjakatA nahIM thii| tAva isa kAla meM bhI upAdhyAya yazovijaya, Anandaghana, vinavijaya, deva brahmacArI, bhaiyA bhagautIdAsa, jagatarAya, ziromaNidAsa, jIvarAja, lakSmIcandra, bhaTTAraka vizvabhUSaNa, rakhurendrabhUSaNa, kavi vinodIlAla Adi aneka zreSTha jaina sAhityakAra hue| vinodIlAla ne apane 'zrIpAla-caritra' (1693 I.) meM likhA hai ki 'isa samaya, auraMgazAha balI kA rAjya hai jisameM svayaM apane pitA ko bandI banAkara siMhAsana prApta kiyA thA aura cakravatI ke samAna samudra se samudraparyanta apane rAjya kA vistAra kara liyaa| anuzruti hai ki dillI ke urdU-mandira meM donoM samaya pUjA evaM AratI ke avasara para marakAla : uttarArdha ::305

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mmmmmmmmaIIRAMIN vAtha bajate the| auragajeba ne unakA niSedha kiyA, kintu binA kisI manuSya ke mAdhyama ke hI bAje phira bhI bajate rahe, ataeva samrAT ne apanI niSedhAjJA pasa le lii| ahamadAbAda ke zAntidAsa jauharI ko usane apanA darabArI bhI niyukta kiyA thaa| kannar3I bhASA ko eka visdAvalI ke anusAra auraMgajeba ne karNATaka ke eka digambara jainAcArya kA bhI sammAna kiyA thA, sambhavatayA apane dakSiNa pravAsa ke smy| auraMgajeba bhugalavaMza kA antima mahAna samrATa thA, kintu usakI hindU-virodhI nIti, zakkI manovRtti, kuTila kUTanIti aura dhArmika anudAratA Adi ke pariNAmasvarUpa usakI mRtyu ke pUrva hI mug2ala sattA khokhalI ho gayI aura usake pazcAt to druta vega se patanonmukha muii| kucha hI dazakoM meM sAmrAjya chinna-bhinna ho gayA aura tadanantara dillI ke mug2ala bAdazAha dhanahIna, zaktihIna, sattAhIna, parAzrita, nAmamAtra ke hI bAdazAha rhe| deza meM aneka Antarika evaM bAhA kAraNoM se avanatti aura arAjakatA kobAra | viyalamahammadazAha (1719-48 I.) ne rAjya ke jaina dhanikoM ke Agraha para pazubadha para kar3A pratibandha lagA diyA thaa| isI bAdazAha ke rAjyakAla meM dillI meM paidavAr3A kA jainamandira 1741 I. meM banA aura 1743 I. meM zAhI kamasariyaTa ke adhikArI AzAmala meM masjida-khajUra mohalle kA paMcAyatI mandira nirmANa karAyA thaa| mug2alazAsana kAla ke ullekhanIya jainoM meM jo pramukha haiM unakA vivaraNa nIce diyA jA rahA hai| rAjA bhAramala saMkyA gotra ke zrImAna jJAtIya zreSTi the| inake pitA raNakArAva samrATU akabara kI ora le AbU pradeza ke zAsaka niyukta the aura zrIpurapana meM nivAsa karate the jahA~ se vaha apanA zAsanakArya calAte the| svayaM rAjA bhAramala samrATa ke kRpApAtra dhe aura usakI ora se sA~bhara ke sampUrNa ilAke ke zAsaka the aura nAgaura meM nivAsa karate the| svarNa aura javAhirAta kA vyApAra bhI ina vaNikpati ke hAtha meM thaa| unakI apanI senA thI aura apane sikke calate the| unakI dainika Aya eka lAkha TakA (rupaye) thI aura svayaM samrATa ke koSa meM vaha pratidina pacAsa hajAra TakA dete the| samrAT unakA bahuta sammAna karate the aura yuvarAja salIma (jahA~gIra) to bahudhA unase bheMTa karane ke lie nAgaura unake darabAra meM jAyA karate the| rAjA bhAramala dharmAtmA, udAra aura asAmpradAyika manovRtti ke vidyArasika zrImAna the| dhArmika kAryoM aura dAmAdi meM yaha lAkhoM rupaye kharca karate the| kASThAsaMdhI bhaTTArakIya vidvAn kavivara pANDe rAjamalla (lagabhaya 1575-87 I.) maiM unakI preraNA se unhIM ke lie 'chandovila nAmaka mahatvapUrNa piMgaNazAstra kI racanA kI thii| usameM vividha chandoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue kavi ne apane AzrayadAtA sajA bhAramala ke pratApa, yaza, vaibhava, udAratA Adi kA bhI sundara paricaya diyA hai| inhI pANDe 3/6 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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rAjamalA ne 'paMcAdhyAyI', 'adhyAtmakamalamAta', 'samayasAra kI bAlabodhaTIkA'-jaise mahatvapUrNa AdhyAtmika granthoM kI tathA vairAdanagara nivAsI sAha phAmana ke lie "lATIsaMhitA' kI aura AgarA ke sAhu ToDara ke lie "jambUsvAmIyarita' kI racanA kI thii| sAhu ToDara-Argalapura (AgarA) meM pAsA (pAca) sAha nAmaka prasiddha dharmAtmA evaM dhanI gargagotrI agravAla jaina the jo kriyA meM sAvadhAna, caritravAna, saMyamI aura vimalaguNanidhAna the| mUlataH yaha bhaTAniyAkola (alIgar3ha) ke nivAsI the aura sAha rUpacanda ke suputra the| ina pAsA sAha ke kulatilaka suputra ToDara sAha the| vaha bAdazAha akabara ke eka uccapadastha adhikArI kRSNamaMgala caudharI ke vizvasta mantrI the aura AgarA kI zAhI TakasAla ke bhI adhIkSaka the| svayaM samrATa taka unakI pahu~ca tho / adhabhadAsa, mohanadAsa, rUpacanda (rUpAMgada) aura lachamanadAsa nAma ke unake cAra suyogya putra the aura dharmapatnI kA nAma kasumbhI thaa| yaha sArA parivAra atyanta dhArmika aura vidyArasika thaa| sAhu ToDara ko tatkAlIna vidvAnoM ne sakalaguNabhRta, rAjamAnya, sukRti, dayAlu bhAvalImA nArakSita paradezaSapASaNa meM mauna aura mahAdharmA kahA hai| unhoMne sajAjJA lekara vipula dravya vyaya karake mathurA nagara ke prAcIna jainatIrtha kA uddhAra kiyA thA, yA prAcIna stupoM ke jIrNazIrNa ho jAne para 514 navIna stUpa nirmANa karAye the tathA 12 dikpAla Adi kI sthApanA kI thI aura bar3e samAroha ke sAtha 1573 I. meM unakA pratiSThotsava kiyA thA jisameM caturvidha saMgha ko Apatrita kiyA thaa| unhoMne AgarA magara meM bhI eka bhavya mandira banavAyA thA jisameM 1394 I. meM hamIrI bAI nAmaka AtmasAdhikA brahmacAriNI rahatI thii| madharA tIrtha ke jaddhAra ke upalakSya meM unhoMne 1575 I. meM pANDe gajamalla se saMskRta bhASA meM jamdasvAmIcaritra' kI tathA 1585 I. meM paM. jinadAsa se hindI padya meM usI caritra ko svatantra racanA karAyI thii| unake jyeSTha putra sAhu RSabhadAsa yA aSidAsa bhI bar3e dharmAtmA, jJAnadhAna, adhyAtma aura yogazAstra ke rasika the| vaha jinavaraNoM se bhakta, dayAlu-hRdaya, udAracetA, kApalIlA se virakta, saMyamI zrAyaka the| unakI preraNA se paNDita navavilAla ne AcArya zubhacandra ke 'jJAnArNaya' mApaka suprasiddha jaina yogazAstra ko saMskRta TIkA likhAyI thii| harSacandra seTha. DrAgvara (bAgar3ha) deza ke zAkapATapura (sAmavAr3A) ke nivAsI hUmar3avaMzI dharmAtmA seTha the| unhoMne tathA unakI patnI durgA ne anantavrata ke udyApana ke upalakSya meM 1576 I. meM bhaTTAraka guNacandra se 'anantajinatapUjA' kI racanA karAvI thI jo unhIM ke pUrvajoM dvArA nirmApita usa nagara ke AdinAtha-caitvAlaya meM likhakara pUrNa kI gayI thii| usI jinAlaya meM nivAsa karate hue bhaTTAraka zubhacandra me 1551 I. meM apane prasiddha 'pANDapurANa' kI racanA kI thii| rAjakumAra zivAbhirAma-dhana aura dhArmikatA se yukta jaina mahAjanoM se madhyakAla : uttarArdha :: 307

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22- 25 bhare-pUre kumbhanagara meM bRhadgurjaravaMzI kSatriya sajA tArAsiMha kA rAjya thaa| usakA pasa evaM uttarAdhikArI balavAn raNamalla thA jo vairiyoM kA damana karanevAlA, anyAyamArga vista, mitramUrti thaa| usakA putra zUravIra, guNavAn evaM kIrtivAna sAmantasiMha nuparAja thaa| dillI kA bAdazAha bhI use mAnatA thaa| eka digambarAcArya ke prasAda se mahArAja sAmantasiMha ko jinadharma kI prApti huI aura vaha zaddha jinabhAgA ho gaye / hI ke 12 putra yaha rAjakumAra pasiMha the, jinakA dUsarA nAma zivAbhirAma thaa| yaha bIra, sundara, prabuddha evaM saMyamI rAjakumAra the| gRhastha meM rahate hI yaha brahmacarya-zrata kA pAlana karane lage the aura rAjakAja se atirikta apanA pUrA samaya vidyAcinoda tathA jinarAja kI bhakti meM vyatIta karate the| unakI bhAryA rAnI vINA bhI zIlAdiguNomalAMga, ahanta bhagavAna ke pAdapoM kI sevikA, lakSmI-jaisI thiiN| usakI preraNA se rAjakumAra ne 'candraprabha-purANa' nAmaka saMskRta kAvya kI racanA kI thii| aisA lagatA hai ki Age palakara unhoMne rAjya kA parityAga kara diyA aura udAsIna zrAvaka ke rUpa meM yatra-tatra vicarate the| inhIM ne 1582 meM jaba vaha pAlavadeza ke vijayasAra pradeza ke divijanagaradurga (sambhavatayA uttara pradeza ke jhA~sI jile ke suprasiddha devagar3ha) ke devAlaya meM Thahare hue the to unhoMne 'SaTcaturtha-vartamAna-jinArcana' nAmaka kAvya kI racanA kI thii| rAjA sAmantasena kA yahA~ zAsana thA aura usake mahAmAtya raghupati kA putra dhanyarAja ina rAmaSi zivAbhirAma kA parama bhakta thaa| usI kI preraNA se unhoMne ukta kAyya kI racanA kI thii| bar3agajara rAjAoM kA uparyukta kummanagara sambhavatayA rAjasthAna ke alavara-tijArA kSetra meM sthita thaa| __ mantrI khImasI-samrATa akabara ne jagannAtha kacchapaghAta (kAchavAhA ko raNathambhaura durga kA zAsaka niyukta karake use mahArAjA kI upAdhi dI thii| isa mahArAja jagannAtha kA rAjamantrI khImasI (kSemasiMha) nAmaka eka agravAla jaina thA jo bar3A dharmAtmA thaa| usane 1591 meM raNathambhaura-durga meM eka bhavya jinAlaya banavAkara pratiSThApita kiyaa| sAharanavIrasiMha-agravAla jaina the aura samrATa akabara ke samaya meM eka zAhI khajAMcI aura eka zAhI TakasAla ke eka adhikArI the tathA samrAT ke kRpApAtra anucara the| unakI sevAoM se prasanna hokara samrATa ne unheM pazcimI uttarapradeza meM eka jAgIra pradAna kI thI, jisameM unhoMne apane nAma para sahAranapura magara bsaayaa| sahAranapura meM bhI zAhI TakasAla kAyama huI aura usake vahI adhyakSa niyukta hue| unake pitA rAjA rAmasiMha bho rAjyamAnya vyakti the| unhoMne kaI sthAnoM meM jainamandira banavAye batAye jAte haiN| sAhAnavIrasiMha ke suputra se gulAbarAya , aura pAtra sambhavatayA seTha mihiracandra the| dillI ke U~cA sukhAnanda meM ina donoM sajjanoM ne eka jainamandira banavAyA thA jo aba bhI unake nAma se prasiddha hai| saMghapati mANika surANA-nimAr3a (madhyapradeza) se prApta kRSNa pASA kI 305 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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1 eka mahAvIra pratimA ke 391 I. ke lekhAnusAra sarApyAvaMza udayasiMha ke patra saMdhapati sAhu pAlahaMsa kI bhAryA nAyakade kI kukSi se utpanna saMghapatti sAhu mANika ne dharmaghoSasari ke ziSya ralAkaramUri dvArA usa varSa meM bimba-pratiSThA karAyI thii| saMghapati upAdhi se pratIta hotA hai ki sAha mANika aura usake pitA sAha pAlahasa ne yAtrAsaMgha bhI calAyA thaa| kavi parimala-gvAliyara meM mahArAja mAnasiMha tomara ke samaya meM candana caudharI nAmaka dharahiyA jJAtIya prasiddha rAjyamAnya zrAvaka the| unake putra rAmadAsa the, jinake putra zAstrajJa vidvAna karNa the jo AmarA meM A base the| unhIM ke putra kavivara parimala the jinhoMne 1594 I. meM Apasa meM 'zrIpAla caritra' nAmaka hindI kAvya kI racanA kI thI, jisameM unhoMne AgarAnagara, dhAdazAha akabara aura tatkAlIna lokadazA ke sajIva varNana kiye haiN| brajabhASA ke yaha zreSTha kavi kisI ke Azrita nahIM the| saMghapati ,gara-madhyapradeza meM zAdI ke nikaTa jhAga samrAT kI ora se candrAvatavaMzI rAjapUta acalAjI kA putra mahArAja duryabhAna zAsana karatA thaa| zilAlekhoM meM usakA ullekha 1559 se 1593 I. paryansa milatA hai| yaha rAjA jainadharma kA poSaka rahA pratIta hotA hai| usake samaya meM kamalApura (kavalA yA koroM, bhAnapurA se 7 mIla dUrastha) meM mRlasaMgha-sarasvatIgaccha-balAtkAragaNa kI AmnAya ke sAhu hAmA ke putra siMghaI khetA the| unake pautra aura sAhu kilhaNa ke jyeSTha putra yaha saMghapati dUMgara the, jo zubhAtyA, deva-guru-zAstra bhakta, cAroM dAnoM ke dene meM sadA tatpara, rAjyamAnya seTha the| unhoMne 1559 I. meM kamalApura meM dharmAtmA mahArAjA durgabhAna ke surAjya meM sundara mahAvIra-caityAlaya banavAyA thA aura apane parivAra ke samasta strI-puruSoM sahita unakI pratiSThA karAyI thii| yaha mandira 'sAsa-bahu kA mandira kahalAtA hai| sambhava hai ki saMghapati dUMgara kI mAtA aura patnI ne milakara svadrazya se ise banavAyA ho / mAnapurA, kamalApura Adi meM usa kAla ke aneka jaina bhagnAvazeSa mile haiN| kamalApura meM hI durgapAna ke uttarAdhikArI rAjA candrabhAna ke zAsanakAla meM 1600 I. meM sAhu padAratha zrImAla ke putroM dharmadAsa aura nAharadAsa ne saparivAra vijayagacchIya bhaTTAraka zrIpUjya padmasAgarasUri se AdinAtha-bimba kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| mahAmAtya nAnU--Amera ke mahArAja bhagavAnadAsa ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI mahArAja mAnasiMha samrATa akAra ke sarvAdhika vizvasanIya evaM prathama zreNI ke pramukha senApatiyoM aura saradAroM meM se the| mug2ala sAmrAjya kI zakti ke vaha eka sudRr3ha stambha the| samrAT ne jaba 1590 I. ke lagabhaga unheM chaMgAla-bihAra ur3IsA prAnta kA prAntIya zAsaka (vAyasarAya) niyukta kiyA to unhoMne usa vizAla pradeza meM samasta vidrohiyoM kA damana karake yahA~ mug2ala samrATa kI sattA pUrNatayA sthApita kara dI aura usa deza ko suzAsana pradAna kiyA / vastuta: {562 I. meM jaba unakI buA (rAjA bihArIpala madhyakAla : uttarArdha :: 309

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kI putrI aura bhagavAnadAsa kI bahana ) kA vivAha samrATa akabara se huA, mAnasiMha kI Ayu kevala 12 varSa kI thI aura tabhI se vaha samrATa ko saca meM atyanta priyapAtra bana gaye the| apane baMgAla-bihAra ke lagabhaga 15 varSa ke zAsana kAla meM unhoMne aneka bhavana, mandira Adi banavAye, kaI nagara basAye aura rAjamahala kA nAma akabarapura rakhakara use apanI prAntIya rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| unake sAtha svadeza Amera se aneka jainI bhI unake adhikArIvarga ke rUpa meM usa prAnta meM pahu~ce the aura unhoMne yahA~ yatra-tatra jina-mandira banavAye tathA anya dharma-kArya kiye the| unameM pramukha mahArAja ke mahAbhAtya sAha nAnU the jo unake sarvAdhika vizvasanIya mantrI the| vaha khaNDelavAla jJAtIya, godhAgotrIya sAhu rUpacandra ke putra the| rUpacandra svayaM bar3e udAra, dAnI, jinapUjA meM anurakta, guNajJa aura dharmAtmA sajjana the| unake suputra sAha nAnU to vaibhava meM kubera, rUpa meM kAmadeva, aizvarya meM indra pratApa meM sUrya, saumyatA meM candra aura jinendrabhakti meM sarvopari the| vaha mukuTabaddha rAjAoM ke samAna prasiddha the| jisa prakAra bharata cakravartI ne yuga kI Adi meM aSTApada (kailAsa parvata) para jinamandira banavAye the, usI prakAra sammedazikhara para isa dharmAtmA mantrIvara nAnU ne bIsa tIrthakaroM ke nirmANa sthaloM para bIsa jinagRha (mandira yA ToMka) banavAye the aura ukta tIrtharAja kI aneka bAra saMgha sahita yAtrA kI thii| campApura Adi meM bhI jinAlaya banavAye, svayaM akabarapura kA AdinAtha jinAlaya bhI unhIM kA banavAyA huA thaa| paNDita jayavanta - jaise kaI vidvAn unake Azraya meM rahate the| sAha nAnU kI prArthanA para IDarapar3a ke bhaTTArakavAdibhUSaNa ke savarmA padmakIrti ke ziSya muni jJAnakIrti akabarapura padhAre the aura usI AdinAtha jinAlaya meM Thahare the| vahIM unhoMne sAha nAnU kI preraNA para unhIM ke nAmAMkita 'yazodharacaritra' nAmaka saMskRta kAvya kI 1602 I. meM racanA kI thI / uso grantha kI usI nagara meM 1604 meM sAha nAthU ne, jo sambhavatayA sAha nAnU ke anuja yA putra the, eka pratilipi karA kara bhaTTAraka candrakIrti ke ziSya bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ko bheMTa kI thii| svadeza Akara 1607 I. meM sAha nAnU ne maujamAbAda (Amera ke nikaTa) meM eka vizAla kalApUrNa jinamandira banavAkara mahAn pratiSThotsava kiyA thA, jisameM dUra-dUra ke zrAvaka sammilita hue the aura saikar3oM jina-vimba pratiSThita hue the| sambhavatayA inhIM ke vaMza ke sAha ThAkura aura usake putra tejapAla ne Amera ke neminAtha jinAlaya meM puSpadantakRta 'jalaharacarita' kI 71 kalApUrNa citroM se susajjita bahumUlya prati 1540 meM banavAyI thI / karmacandra bacchAvata- bIkAnera rAjya ke saMsthApaka rAva bIkA ke parama sahAyaka evaM pradhAna mantrI baccharAja ke samaya se hI usake vaMzaja bIkAnera narezoM ke dIvAna rahate Aye the aura unhoMne aneka dharmakArya bhI kiye the| baccharAja ke pazcAt usake putra karmasiMha aura varasiMha kramazaH sava lUNakaraNa aura jaitasiMha ke mantrI rhe| tadanantara varasiMha kA putra nagarAja jaitasiMha kA dIvAna rhaa| namarAja kA putra saMgrAma 310 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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bIkAnera-nareza rAva kalyANasiMha kA kRpApAtra dIvAna thaa| usane zatruMjaya Adi kI yAtrA ke lie saMgha bhI calAyA thA jisakA cittaur3a meM rANA udayasiMha ne svAgata-satkAra kiyA thaa| isa rAjA kI mRtyu ke uparAnta jaba usakA putra rAyasiMha 1573 I. meM bIkAnera kI gaddI para baiThA to usane saMgrAma ke putra karmacandra ko apanA arart bnaayaa| vaha bIkAnera ke bacchAvata dIvAnoM meM antima, bar3A vIra, sAhasI, catura, kUTanItijJa, dUradarzI aura medhAvI thaa| usake ina guNoM ne usakI kurUpatA ko Dha~ka diyA thA / kintu rAjA rAyasiMha bar3A udyata, ucchRMkhala, phijUlakharca aura adUradarzI thaa| rAjya kI Arthika avasthA gar3abar3Ane lagI aura zAsana tantra bigar3ane lgaa| rAjAko sunera kA yaha kiyA, kintu ulaTe rAyasiMha usase hI ruSTa ho gayA aura rAjyavaMza ke dalapatasiMha evaM rAmasiMha ke sAtha apane viruddha SaDyantra karane ke sandeha meM mantrI kI jAna kA gAhaka bana gyaa| lAcAra karmacandra ne bhAgakara samrAT akabara kI zaraNa lii| samrAT usase aura usake guNoM se bhalI-bhA~ti paricita thA / usane bar3e sammAna ke sAtha use apane hI darabAra meM rakha liyA aura bahuta mAnatA thaa| yahA~ rahate bhI karmacandra ne rAyasiMha kA koI ahita-sAdhana kabhI nahIM kiyA, yadyapi rAjA ne usase bhayaMkara badalA lene kI ThAna lI thii| jainadharma aura saMgha ke prabhAvakoM meM karmacandra kA nAma bIkAnera ke itihAsa meM sarvaprasiddha hai| usane 1575 I. meM bIkAnera meM AcArya jinacandrasUri kA svAgata samAroha bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha kiyA thaa| 1578 I. ke duSkAla meM rAjya kI bhUkhI janatA ke lie usane svadravya se aneka annasatra khola diye the, musalamAnoM ke kabje se bahuta-sI jinamUrtiyA~ nikAlakara unheM bIkAnera ke cintAmaNijI-mandira meM virAjamAna kara dI thIM aura osavAla samAja meM aneka Avazyaka sudhAra cAlU kiye the tathA bhojakoM ko dI jAnevAlI vRtti kA bhI niyamana kiyA thaa| uparyukta mUrtiyoM, jinakI saMkhyA 1050 batAyI jAtI hai, turasAnakhA~ ne sirohI se lUTI thIM aura ve Amare meM akabara ke zAhI khajAne meM rakha dI gayI thiiN| lAhaura meM 1592 I. meM akabara me karmacandra kI preraNA para khambhAta se jinacandrasUri ko Amantrita kiyA thA aura padhArane para samArohapUrvaka unakA svAgata kiyA thaa| usI avasara para samrAT aura karmacandra kI icchAnusAra sUrijI ne apane ziSya mAnasiMha yati ko jinasiMhasUri nAma dekara unakA potsava kiyA thaa| samrAT kI mRtyu (1605 I.) ke thor3e samaya uparAnta hI karmacandra ko bhI roga ne ghara dbaayaa| rAyasiMha use dekhane ke lie AyA, dukha aura sahAnubhUti prakaTa karake usase kahA ki vaha parivAra sahita bIkAnera lauTa cale aura pichalI bAteM bhUla jaae| kintu karmacandra usa kapaTI kI bAtoM meM nahIM AyA / usake putra to taiyAra the, kintu usane marate-marate unheM baraja diyA ki bhUlakara bhI bIkAnera kA rukha na krnaa| udhara rAyasiMha bhI 1611 I. meM mara gayA aura mRtyuzayyA para apane putra evaM uttarAdhikArI sUrasiMha se yaha vacana le liyA ki jaise I madhyakAla : uttarArdha : 313

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bhI ho karmacandra ke parivAra ko bIkAnera lAkara unase pratizodha avazya lenA / ataeva 1613 I. meM sUrasiMha karmacandra ke maute putra mAgacandra aura candra ko phusalAkara bIkAnera le jAne meM saphala ho gayA, aura eka dina senA lekara unakI holI kI ghera liyaa| bacchAvatoM ke parivAra ke sadasya, anucara, dAsa-dAsI lagabhaga 500 vyakti the| ve vIratA ke sAtha lar3e aura jaba anya koI upAya na huA to arhanta bhagavAn kI pUjA karake sabase gale mila striyoM aura baccoM ko citA meM bhasma kara kesariyA pArA pahana jUjha pdd'e| ina vIroM ne jauhara karake apanI zAna aura mAna rakhA, kintu anyAyI rAjA ke sammukha jhuke nahIM / kuTumba kI eka garbhavatI mahilA saMyoga se apane mAyake meM kizanagar3ha thii| usI se bacchAvata vaMza Aja taka calA jAtA hai, varanA usa bhISaNa sAkA meM saba samApta ho gayA thaa| unake mahala makAna Adi duSTa rAjA ne pUrNatayA dhvasta karA diye the| 1 hIrAnanda mukIma akabara ke antima varSoM meM AgarA ke osavAla jAtIya seTha hIrAnanda mukIma atyanta dhanavAn evaM dharmAtmA sajjana the| vaha vizeSakara zAhajAdA salIma ke vyaktigata jIharI aura kRpApAtra the| vaha araDakasonI gotrI sAha pUnA ke pautra aura sAha kAnhaDa ke usakI bhAryA bhAmanIbahU se utpanna suputra the / svayaM unake putra sAha nihAlacanda the| hIrAnanda mukIma ke prayatna se 1604 I. meM AgarA se eka saMgha sammedazikhara kI yAtrArtha calA thaa| jaba saMgha prayAga pahu~cA to seTha ne zAhajAde se usa saMgha ke sAtha jAne kI anumati aura rAjya kA saMrakSaNa prApta kiyA / vibhinna sthAnoM ke zrAvakoM ko saMgha meM sammilita hone ke lie patra bheje gye| aisA hI eka patra pAkara jaunapura se paM. banArasIdAsa ke pitA kharagasena bhI usa saMgha ke sAtha yAtrArtha gaye the| saMgha ke sAtha hIrAnanda seTha ke aneka hAthI, ghor3e, paidala aura tupakadAra the| unhIM kI ora se pUre saMgha kA pratidina bhoja hotA thA aura saba yAtriyoM ko santuSTa kiyA jAtA thaa| yAtrA karake lagabhaga eka varSa meM saMgha cApasa aayaa| saba suvidhAe~ hote hue bhI yAtrA meM aneka kI mRtyu ho gayI aura bahuta se bImAra par3a gye| jaunapura kI samAja ke Agraha para hIrAnandajI ne cAra dina jaunapura meM bhI mukAma kiyA aura tadanantara svasthAna prayAga cale gye| akabara kI mRtyu ke uparAnta jaba jahA~gIra nAma se salIma samrAT huA to hIrAnanda bhI usake sAtha AgarA le Aye aura pUrvavat usake kRpApAtra evaM jauharI bane rhe| jahA~gIra ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke uparAnta usake upalakSya meM 1610 I. meM hIrAnanda ne samrAT ko apane ghara Amantrita kiyA, apanI havelI ko bhArI sajAvaTa kI, samrAT ko bahuta mUlyavAn najarAnA diyA aura usakI tathA darabAriyoM kI zAnadAra dAvata kii| seTha ke Azrita kavi jagat ne isa samAroha kA bar3A AlaMkArika evaM AkarSaka varNana kiyA hai| agale varSa 1611 I. meM hIrAnanda ne AgarA meM kharataragacchI labdhivardhanasUri se eka bimba-pratiSThA karAyI thI aura usI samaya unake suputra sAha nihAlacanda ne bhI jinacandrasUri se eka 312 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~ www

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pArzva-pratimA pratiSThita karAyI dhii| eka anya pratimAlekha meM, jo isI gharAne dvAsa 1631 I. meM karAyI gayI pratiSThA kA hai, 'rAjahAra-zobhanIka sonI zrI hIrAnanda dvArA jahA~gIra ko svagRha meM dAvata dene kA saMketa prApta hotA hai| sabalasiMha moThiyA-nemiAsa (nemA) sAha ke munna aura jahA~gIra ke zAsanakAla meM Agare ke eka ati-vaibhavazAlI jaina the| paM. banArasIdAsa ne apane 'arthakathAlaka' meM 1613-15 I. ke lagabhaga ke vivaraNoM meM inakA kaI bAra ullekha kiyA hai| isa seTha ke rAjasI vaimara aura zAhI ThATha kA kavi ne jo A~khoM dekhA varNana kiyA hai usase sahaja hI anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki usa kAla ke pramukha jaina sAhUkAra mugaloM kI rAjadhAniyoM meM bhI kitane dhana-sampanna the| usake pUrva 1610 I. meM AgarA ke jaina saMgha kI ora se tapAgacchAcArya vijayasena ko jo vijJapti patra bhejA gayA thA usameM vahA~ ke sa zrAvakoM aura saMdhapatiyoM ke hastAkSara the| usa sUcI ke saMghapati sabala hI yaha sabalasiMha moThiyA the| varddhamAna ku~arajI-1610 I. ke vijJaptipatra meM ullikhita saMdhapati vardhamAna ku~arajI hI vaha varddhamAna-ku~arajI dalAla the, jinake sAtha 1618 I. meM banArasIdAsajI Adi ne ahicchatrA aura hastinApara kI yAtrA kI thii| sAha bandIdAsa kA nAma bhI 1610 I. ke vijJaptipatra meM lallikhita hai| yaha dUlahasAha ke putra, uttapayanda jauharI ke anuja aura paM. banArasIdAsa ke bahanoI the aura AgarA nagara ke potokaTare meM rahakara molI Adi javAharAta kA vyApAra karate tArAcandra sAhu-vijJaptipatra ke sAha tArAcandra paravata-jaoNbI ke jyeSTha putra aura AgarA ke dhanI zrAvaka the| unake anuja kalyAyAmala kI putrI banArasIdAsajI ke sAtha vivAhI thii| unhoMne 1611 I. meM banArasIdAsa ko apane pAsa bulAkara kucha dina rakhA thaa| dIvAna dhannArAya-samrATa akabara kI ora se mahArAja mAnasiMha dvArA aMgAla-bihAra para adhikAra karane se baMgAla ke paThAna sulatAna sulemAna ke sAle lodIkhoM ke ina sodhar3agotrI dIvAna dhannArAya ke adhIna pA~ca sau zrImAla vaizya potadArI yA khmAne kI vasUlI kA kAma karate the| banArasIdAsa ke pitA kharagasena ne bhI unake adhIna cAra paraganoM kI potadArI kI thii| dhannArAya ne sammedazikhara ke lie yAza saMgha bhI nikAlA thaa| brahma gulAla-candrayArDa ke nikaTastha TApU yA Tappala grAma ke nivAsI padyAvatapuravAla jaina the aura candravADa ke jainadharma poSaka cauhAna rAjA kIrtisiMha ke darabArI, kuzala lokakavi aura siddhahasta abhinetA the| hathikanta-aTera ke bhaTTAraka jamasyUSaNa ke yaha ziSyoM meM se the| unhoMne 1614 I. meM 'kRpaNa jagAdana-kathA' nAmaka hAsyarasamayI kAvya brajabhASA meM racA thA, anya bhI kaI kRtiyoM kI racanA kI thii| madhyakAla : uttarArdha :: 13

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said of a jI kA kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra rAjA ne inase jainamuni kA abhinaya karane ke lie kahA, to yaha gharavAra chor3akara sacce muni bana gye| inakA kahanA thA ki jainamuni kA abhinaya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jo eka bAra muni vana gayA to bana hI gyaa| lokamAnasa meM unakI aisI chApa par3I thI ki unake lagabhaga 150 varSa bAda kavi chatrapati ne unake jIvana ko lekara 'brahmagulAlacaritra (1877 I.) kI racanA kI thii| paNDita banArasIdAsa - ( 1586-1643 I.) AgarA ke mug2alakAlIna suprasiddha jaina mahAkavi, adhyAtmarasa ke rasiyA, samAja-sudhAraka, vidvAn paNDita aura vyApArI banArasIdAsa bIholiyA-gotrI zrImAla vaizya the| unake pitAmaha mUladAsa 1551 I. ke lagabhaga naravara (gvAliyara) ke mug2ala umarAva ke modI the aura mAlAmaha (nAnA ) madanasiMha cinAliyA jaunapura ke nAmI jauharI the, tathA pitA kharagasena ne kucha kAla baMgAla ke paThAna sulatAna sulemAna ke rAjya meM dIvAna dhannArAya ke adhIna cAra paraganoM kI potadArI kI, tadanantara ilAhAbAda meM zAhajAdA dAniyAla kI sarakAra meM javAharAta ke lena-dena kA kArya kiyA aura anta meM jaunapura meM hI basakara javAharAta kA vyApAra karate rhe| banArasIdAsa bhI kizorAvasthA se hI vyApAra meM pdd'e| javAharAta ke atirikta unhoMne anya kaI vyApAra kiye, kintu isa kSetra meM prAyaH asaphala hI rahe, tathApi kAma calatA hI rhaa| anta meM jaunapura chor3akara sthAyIrUpa se AgarA meM basa gaye jahA~ unhoMne aneka granthoM kI racanA kI, eka vidvanmaNDI kA nirmANa kiyA aura apanI 'zailI' yA goSThI prArambha kii| unakI prasiddhi dUra-dUra taka phaila gayI- sudUra sindha-dezastha mulatAna ke zrAvakoM ne bhI unase samparka rkhe| loka-pratiSThA aura zAsakoM se bhI unheM sammAna milaa| jaunapura ke sUbedAra cikalIcakhA~ ko unhoMne 'zrutabodha' Adi par3hAye the, svayaM samrAT zAhajahA~ ne unheM apanA musAhaba banAyA thA aura mitravat vyavahAra karatA thaa| aitihAsika dRSTi se banArasIdAsajI kI sarvopari upalabdhi unakA advitIya Atmacaritra 'arthakathAnaka' hai jisameM unhoMne apane 55 varSa ( 1586-1641) I. kA niSkapaTa sajIva citraNa kiyA hai, sAtha hI apane pUrvapuruSoM, zAsakoM, zAsana vyavasthA, lokadazA ityAdi kA bahumUlya paricaya pradAna kiyA hai| usase patA calatA hai ki usa yuga meM paMjAba - sindhu se lekara baMgAla paryanta sampUrNa uttara bhArata meM zrImAla, osavAla, agravAla Adi jAtiyoM ke jaina vyApArI phaile hue the aura unakI bar3I pratiSThA thii| samrAToM, subedAroM, navAboM aura sthAnIya zAsakoM se unakA vizeSa sambandha rahatA thaa| ve loga adhikAMzatayA suzikSita bhI hote the| svayaM banArasIdAsa prAkRta aura saMskRta ke atirikta vividha deza-bhASA-pratibuddha the aura phArasI bhI jAnate the / tihunA sAhu-AgarA ke agravAla jaina seTha the| unhoMne eka vizAla jinamandira banavAyA thaa| AgarA meM tihunA sAhU ke isI dehare (mandira) meM rUpacandra nAma ke guNI vidvAn 1835 I. ke lagabhaga bAhara se Akara kucha dina Thahare the| unake sofcet 314 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~ ::

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MINIMImeans pANDitya kI prazaMsA sunakara banArasIdAsa kI mAilI ke saba adhyAtmI unase jAkara mile aura vinayapUrvaka inase gommarasAra kA pravacana karAyA, jise sunakara banArasIdAsa aura unake sAthI, jo tabataka nizcaya-ekAnta meM bhaTaka rahe the, apanI dRSTi ko samIcIna aura syAdvAdamathI banAne meM saphala hue the| vIrajIhorA (1619-1670 I.)-sUrata kA yaha gujarAtI jaina saMTha apane samaya kA AyAta-niryAta kA sarvapramukha bhAratIya vyApArI thaa| pazcimI samudrataTavartI sUrata nagara usa kAla meM araba sAgara kA prAyaH sabase bar3A bandaragAha tathA videzI vyApAra kI pradhAna maNDI thA aura vIrajIvorA vahA~ kA sabase bar3A vyApArI thaa| sUrata kA hI nahIM, mAlAbArataTa kA adhikAMza vyApAra usake niyantraNa meM thaa| AgarA, burahAnapura, golakuNDA Adi sudUra sthita pramukha vyApAra kendroM meM usakI gahiyA~ thIM aura pazcima meM phArasa kI khAr3I aura dakSiNapUrva meM bhAratIya dvIpasamUha parvanta usakA vyApAra phailA thaa| araba, purtagAlI, aMgareja, Daca, phrAMsIsI Adi videzI vyApArI usakI kRpA para avalambita rahate the / ukta videziyoM ke kathanAnusAra hI yaha bhAratIya seTa apane samaya meM sampUrNa vizva kA sabase bar3A dhanavAna samajhA jAtA thaa| thevenATa nAmaka eka tatkAlIna amumbamArI kA kara to lAkha svarNa mudrAoM kA dhanI thA arthAta koTyAdhIza hI thaa| vaha usa kAla kI bAta hai jaba eka rupaye {40 dAma) meM lagabhaga 2 mana gehU~, 3 mana jau, baMgAla meM 4-5 mana cAvala milatA thA, aura eleppo se AgarA taka kI 10 mahIne kI lambI yAtrA meM khAne-pIne evaM saphara kA saba kharca kula milAkara sAyarana (40-50 rupaye) lagatA thaa| vIrajImorA aura usakI putrI phUlAbAI lokAzAha dvArA sthApita hokAgaccha ke anuyAyI ho gaye the| phUlauMbAI kA ittaka putra lavajI thaa| vaha par3hA-lilA yuvaka thaa| use jaba vairAgya utpanna huA aura usane saMyama lene ke lie apane nAnA vIrajI se AjJA mA~gI to vIrajI ne kahA batAyA jAtA hai ki loMkAgaccha meM dIkSA le to AjJA deNge| ataeva tavajI ne 1652 I. meM bajaraMgajI se dIkSA lii| unake nikaTa sUtroM kA adhyayana kiyA aura loMkAgaccha kA cauthA yA pA~cayA paTTadhara huaa| inhIM lakjI yA layaNaRSi ko DhUMr3hiyAmata kA pravartaka kahA jAtA hai| hemarAja pATanI bAgvara (bAgar3a) dezastha sAgapattana (sAgavAr3A) nivAsI pATanI gotrI khaNDelavAla jaina rekhA seTha ke putra tejapAla, hemarAja aura dhanarAma the| ye bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti kI AmnAya ke zrAvaka the aura magadhadeza ke gaMgAtaTavartI pATaliputra (paTanA) nagara meM nivAsa karate the| hIrAseTha kI bhatIjI hamIrade hemarAja kI bhAryA thii| hemarAja seTha ke sAtha sakalacandra ke ziSya bhaTTAraka ranacandra ne sammedazikhara ko yAtrA kI thii| sAtha meM anya aneka khaNDelavAla, agravAla, jaisvAla Adi dharmAtmA evaM dAnI zrAvaka the jo bhaTTAraka ramacandra ke bhakta the| yAtrA se lauTakara paTanA meM sudarzana-seTha ke mandira meM nivAsa karate hue seTha hemarAja kI prArthanA para paNDita madhyakAla : uttarArdha :: 315

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tejapAla ke sahayoga se ukta bhaTTAraka ratnacandra meM 1626 I. kI bhAdrapada zuklA paMcamI guruvAra ke dina tacchAdhipa salemasAhi (jahA~gIra) ke sadurAjya meM 'subhauma cakri caritra' nAmaka saMskRta kAvya ko rakhakara pUrNa kiyA thaa| saMghaI RSabhadAsa-majhAtIya, laghuzAkhA-kharajAgotrI saMghaI nAkara kI bhAryA nAraMgade se utpanna usake putra saMghaI RSabhadAta ne apanI bhAva evaM putra dharmadAsa sahita svaguru mahAraka pacanandi (rAjakIrti ke ziSya) ke upadeza sevA meM pArzva-viva pratiSThA karAyI thI / saMghapati ratanasI - hUmava jAti kI bar3azAkhA meM utpanna saMghavI jADA bAgar3adeza se Akara gurjaradeza (gujarAta) ke ahamadAbAda nagara meM basa gaye the| Ane ke pUrva apanI janmabhUmi meM unhoMne aneka mandiroM kA uddhAra karAyA thaa| unake pautra saMghavI laTakaNa aura unakI bhAryA lalatAde ke putra, apane kula ke sUrya, rAjA zreyAMsa jaise dAnI, jinabimba-pratiSThA evaM tIrthayAtrAdi kAryoM ko karane meM utsukacitta yaha saMghapati ratanasI the| inakI tIna patniyoM thiiN| saMghavI rAmajI inake choTe bhAI the, jinake putra DugaratI aura rAghavajI the / yaha parivAra kundakundAnvaya-sarasvatIgaccha balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka rAmakIrti ke paTTadhara bhaTTAraka padmanandi kA AmnAya ziSya thA / svaguru ke upadeza se saMghapati ratanasI ne apane bhAI, bhatIjoM aura parivAra kI mahilAoM sahita zatrujayatIrtha kI yAtrA kI thI aura vahA~ bAdazAha zAhajahA~ ke rAjya meM 1629 I. maiM digambara jaina mandira meM bhagavAn zAntinAtha kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| sambhavatayA yaha mandira bhI inhIM kA banavAyA huA thaa| saMghAdhipa bhagavAnadAsa - bhaTTAraka jagatbhUSaNa kI AmnAya meM golApUrvavaMzI divyanayana nAmaka zrAvaka the| unakI patnI durgA aura putra cakrasena evaM mitrasena the / durgA proSadhopavAsa ke niyamavAlI dharmAtmA mahilA thii| cakrasena kI patnI kRSNA aura kevalasena evaM dharmasena nAma ke putra the / mitrasena bar3e pratApavAn aura dharmAtmA the| unakI suzIlA priya patnI yazodA se bhagavAnadAsa aura harivaMza nAmaka do putra hue| enerate kI zubhAnanA bhAryA kezaride thI aura mahAsena, jinadAsa evaM munisuvrata nAma ke tIna suputra the| bhagavAnadAsa bhagavAn jinendra ke caraNoM ke parama bhakta, vAkpUrNa pratApa, udAra aura dharmAtmA the| unhoMne jinendra bhagavAn kI pratiSThA karAyI thI, sambhavatayA jinamandira banavAkara bimba-pratiSThA karAyI thii| unake dharmotsAha ke lie samAja ne unheM 'saMgharAja' padavI pradAna kI thii| bharatezvara, zreyAMsa, karNa, devendra, devaguru aura rAjarAja Adi se unake prazaMsaka kavi ne unakI upamA dI hai| parama vidvAn pANDe rUpacandra ne unake Azraya meM, unake dvArA sambodhita hokara, indraprasthapura (dillI ) meM, cagatAIvaMzI zAhajahA~ ke rAjya meM, 1685 I. meM 'bhagavatsamavasaraNArcanavidhAna' (samavasaraNapATha) kI saMskRta bhASA meM racanA kI thii| paNDita rUpacandra svayaM kurudezastha salemapura nivAsI gargagotrI agravAla zrAvaka mAmaTa ke pautra, sabase choTe kintu 316 : pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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sarvAdhika medhAvI the| vArANasI jAkara unhoMne zikSA prApta kI thii| tadanantara dariyApura meM A base, kintu yahA~ bhI sthira na hue aura yatra-tatra bhramaNa karate hue sAhitya sRjana evaM jJAna kA prasAra karate rhe| sAha gAgA - sirohI ke mahArAja akharAja ke rAjya meM yuvarAja udayabhANa ke Azrita prAgvATa kula ke sAha gAgA aura usakI bhAva manaraMga ke putroM, pautroM Adi ne 1641 I. meM tapAgacchAcArya hIravijayasUri ke paramparAziSya amRtavijayamaNi se pArzvanAtha evaM zAntinAtha kI pratimAe~ pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| mohanadAsa ta bhauMsA Amera ke prasiddha mirjA rAjA ja jayasiMha ke, jo zAhajahA~ aura auraMgajeba ke pradhAna saradAra, sAmanta evaM senApati the, mukhyamantrI aura Amera nagara ke zAsaka yaha mohanadAsa mA~sA ( bhovasA) the| yaha AmarapaTTa ke bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti kI AmnAya ke zrAvaka the aura unhIM ke upadeza se unhoMne ambAvatI (Amera, jayapura rAjya kI purAnI rAjadhAnI) meM 1657 I. meM bhagavAn vimalanAtha kA vizAla mandira nirmANa karAyA thA jo aba 'saMghavI ghU~TArAya kA mandira' nAma se prasiddha hai aura 1659 I. meM ukta mandira para svarNakalaza car3hAyA thaa| sambhavatayA inhIM mohanadAsa bhauMsA ke putra rAjamantrI amarA bhauMsA the| unhoMne bhI eka nayA mandira banavAyA thA aura terApanya zuddhAmnAya kA saMvardhana kiyA thaa| unhIM bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti ke upadeza se goyalagotrI agravAla saMghapati tejasA udayakaraNa ne giranAra para eka samyak cAritrayantra 1652 I. meM pratiSThita karAyA thA, sambhavatayA vaha ukta bhaTTArakajI tathA saMgha ko lekara giranAra kI yAtrA ke lie gaye the| unhIM bhaTTArakajI ke eka anya pramukha bhakta garmagotrI agravAla sAha nandarAma ke putra saMghAdhipati jayasiMha the, jinhoMne 1659 I. meM ambAvatI (Amera) meM hI eka tharmotsava kiyA thA aura yantrAdi pratiSThita karAye the tathA yAtrAsaMgha calAyA thaa| mahAmantrI mohanadAsa bhavasA kA janma 1599 I. ke lagabhaga huA thA aura vivAha 1606 I. meM huA thaa| vaha jinapUjApurandara, samyaktvAlaMkRtagAtra vipradAnezvara, jinaprAsAdodadharaNadhIra, nijayazasudhAghavalIkRta vizva aura saMghAdhipati kahalAte the| kalyANadAsa, vimaladAsa aura atidAsa nAma ke unake tIna putra the / aruNamaNi svAliyara paTTa ke kASThAsaMgho bhaTTAraka zrutakIrti ke ziSya budharAghava the, jinhoMne gopAcala (gvAliyara) meM eka jinamandira banavAyA thaa| vaha tapodhana rAjAoM dvArA sammAnita hue the| unake ziSya ratnapAla, vanamAli aura kAnhara siMha the| ukta kAnhara siMha ke ziSya prastuta lAlamaNi yA aruNamaNi the, jinhoMne, jahAnAbAda nagara (dillI) ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM mugala-avaraMgasAhi (mugala samrAT auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla meM 1659 I. meM 'ajita jina-caritra' nAmaka saMskRta kAvya kI racanA kI thii| saMghapati AsakaraNa-dharmAvanipura (madhyapradeza ke sAgara jile kA dhamanI grAma) madhyakAla : uttarArdha : 317

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meM samukuTAgotrI, golApUrvavaMzI, jainavaizya saMghapati AsakaraNa nivAsa karate the| unakI bhAryA kA nAma mohanade thA aura jyeSTha putra saMghapati ratanAI thA, jisakI patnI kA nAma sAhidA thA aura narottama, maNDama, rAdhaya, manoratha aura nandi nAma ke pA~ca putra the| AsakaraNa ke dvitIya putra saMghapati hIrAmaNi kI kamalA evaM vAsantI nAma kI dau paliyA~ aura balabhadra nAma kA eka putra thaa| yaha pUrA parivAra dharmAtmA aura jinabhakta thA / saMghapati AsakaraNa ne apane pUre parivAra sahita 161 I. meM damohapa ke bhaTTAraka lalitakaurti ke ziSya kSullakabratadhArI brahma sumatidArA ke upadeza se jeraTha ke bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke ziSya papiData dhArikAdAsa ne eka mahAn zAntiyajJa samAroha karAyA thA aura usake lie vibhinna sthAnoM kI sapAoM ke lie nimantraNa patrikAdi (vijJaptipatra yA paTTa abhilekha) pheje the| dhamaunI para usa kAla meM mugala samrAT auraMgajeba ke faujadAra (sUbedAra) rubullAhaloM kA zAsana thA jo saMghapati AsakaraNa ko bahuta mAnatA thaa| vidhAna dhamaunI ke candraprabha-jimAlaya meM kiyA gayA thaa| AsakaraNa bar3e dhana-sampanna, udAra aura dharmAtmA the| unhoMne kaI navIna jinamandira banavAye the aura kaI zumAno kazadvAra a sA vitaraNa' meM vaha rAjA zreyAMsa ke samAna the| vaha zuddhasambavadAlaMkAra-bhAroddharaNadhIra the aura usa samaya zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM ke pAlaka aura chaThIpratimAdhArI the| vardhamAna navalakhA-sindha dezastha mulatAna nagara meM AgarA ke eNDitapradara banArasIdAsa aura unakI AdhyAtmika zailI se preraNA prApta karake tathA unake pratyakSa yA parokSa sammakale adhyAtmarasika zrAvakoM kI eka uttama maNDalI bana gayI thii| usake netA navalakhAgotrI pAhirAja sAha ke putra yaha zAha vardhamAna navalakhA the| inake sAtha sukhAnanda, miTTamala bhaNasAlI, zAha karor3I, nemodAsa, dharmadAsa, zAntidAsa, bhiTTa putra suruja, cAhaDamala zarakhelA, karamacandra, jeThamala, zrIkaraNa, tArAcanda, RSabhadAsa, pRthvIrAja, zivarAja Adi sajjana the| ye loga apanA dharmAcArya aura dharmaguru banArasIdAsajI ko mAnate the| ve munirAla kundakunda, amRtacandra aura rAjamalta ke granthoM kA svAdhyAya karate the tathA digambara AmnAya ke zAstroM ko aura zvetAmbara AmnAya ke (sAdhu) veSa kI mAnya karate the| lagabhaga 1650 se 1690 I. paryanta ke ina mulatAnI adhyAtmI zrAvakoM ke ullekha milate haiN| svayaM zAha vardhamAna navalakhA ne apanI vardhamAna-vacanikA 1689 I. meM racI thI / mulatAna nagara kA pArzvanAtha-mandira isa adhyAtmika goSThI kA kendra thaa| isake vardhamAna navalakhA Adi pramukha sadasya paM. banArasIdAsajI se bheMTa karane AgarA bhI maye pratIta hote haiN| sAha hIrAnanda agravAla-lohAcArya AmnAyI, anavAla jJAtIya, mItalamotrI, TolAvaMzI, 'paMDayAlapati' sAha hemarAja lAhaura nagara meM nivAsa karate the| unakI zIla-sAMya-taraMgiNI bhAryA laTako thI aura putra zIla meM seTha sudarzana ke avatAra, sajjanajana-sukhakAra, dharmAdhAra sAha bhagavAnadAsa the| unakI patiparAyaNA, rUpavalI, 3318 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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dAnazIlA aura dhamAtmA palI hevarade thI aura prayAgadAsa, hIrAnanda aura kundaradAsa nAma ke tIna suputra the| tInoM bhAiyoM ke putra-pautrAdi the| sAha hIrAnanda rAjasabhAzRMgAra, samyaktyamUla, sthUla-dvAdazavatadhAraka, sajjana-janasukhakAraka, suzrAyaka, puNyaprabhAvaka, jainasabhA-maNDana, mithyAnavakhaNDana, dAma meM zreyAMsAyatAra, paropakAra meM yudhiSTirAvatAra, sarvopamAyogya, dhanImAnI aura dharmAtmA the| unhoMne aneka dharmakArya kiye the| zAhazAdI, rAmoM aura dayA nAma kI unakI tIna patniyA~ thI, jinameM sabase choTo dayA bar3I suzIla, dAnazIla, vinayI aura dharmAtmA thii| inakA putra jaTamala thaa| ina sAha hIrAnanda le kASThAsaMdhI bhArakA mahInA ziSya hAtAAra ko 1669 I. meM lAbhApura (lAhaura) meM 'samyaktyakaumudI' Adi granthoM kI pratilipiyA~ karAkara bheMTa kI thiiN| vAdirAja sogAnI-takSakapura (rAjasthAna ke jayapura pradeza kA TohAnagara yA ToDArAyasiMha) ke sogAnI-gotrI khaNDelavAla jaina poSarAja zreSTha ke putra aura mahArAja javasiMha ke sAmanta ToDAnagara ke rAjA bhImasiMha ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI sajA rAjasiMha ke mantrI the| yaha rAjanItikuzala hone ke sAtha hI bar3e vidvAn, kAMdhe aura zAstrajJa bhI the| inake jyeSTha bhrAtA gadya-padya-vidyA-vinodAmbudhi kavicakravartI paNDila jagannAtha the jo Amera ke bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti ke mukhya ziSya the aura jinhoMne 'caturviMzatisandhAnakAtA' {1642 I.), 'sukhanidhAna (1643 I.), 'zvetAmbara-parAjaya' (1645 I.), "neminarendra-stotra', 'zRMgArasamudrakAvya' 'suSeNacaritra' Adi saMskRta kAvya-granthoM kI racanA kI thii| svayaM mantrI thAdisaja bhI saMskRta bhASA ke praur3ha vivAn aura sukavi the| 'jhAmalocana-stotra' tathA 'vAgbhaTAlaMkAra' kI 'kavicandrikA' nAmmI TIkA, jise unhoMne 1672 I. meM pUrNa kiyA thA, unakI prasiddha racanAe~ haiN| isa samaya unhoMne rAjyasevA se avakAza prApta kara liyA thaa| rAmacandra, lAlajI, nemidAsa aura vimaladAsa nAmaka unake cAra putra the| usa kAla meM bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti prAyaH ToDAnagara meM hI rahate the aura unhoMne apane pravAsa se ukta nagara ko uttama jJAnakendra banA diyA thaa| dIvAna tArAcanda..auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla meM phatehAra ke navAtha (phaujadAra yA sUbezara) alafakhA~ ke dIvAna the| unake pitA kA nAma stupAla thaa| dIvAna tArAcanda vidyArasika bhI the| unhoMne 1671 I. meM yati lakSmIcandra se zubhacandrAcArya kRta 'jJAnArNava' nAmaka grantha kA brajabhASA hindI meM padyAnuvAda karAyA thaa| zAntidAsa jauharI-ahamadAbAda ke prasiddha jauharI the aura zAhajahA~ ke rAjyakAla meM jaba zAhajAdA murAda gujarAta kA sUbedAra thA to vaha usake kRpApAtra rahe the| gaddI para baiThane ke uparAnta auraMgajeba ne unheM ahamadAbAda se bulAkara apanA darabArI niyukta kiyA thaa| saMghavI saMgrAmasiMha-17vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM bihAra prAnta ke bihAra-zarIfa madhyakAla : uttarAI :: 919

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nagara ke eka prasiddha jaina vyApArI the| yaha usa nagara meM base bAraha jaina vyApArI parivAroM ke mukhiyA the| pAvApurI, rAjagira meM unake dvArA aura guNAsa kuNDalapura 1629 se 1650 taka kI pratiSThApita kaI pratimAe~ haiN| vaha auraMgaz2eba ke samaya taka jIvita rahe pratIta hote haiN| bihAra zarIpha ke ukta jaina parivAroM ne pAvApurI meM mandira bhI banavAye batAye jAte haiN| ku~varapAla - sonapAla osavAla jAti ke the donoM bhAI AgarA se Akara 17vIM zatI I. meM bihAra kI rAjadhAnI paTanA meM A base the aura vyApAra meM acchI unnati karake ati sampanna ho gaye the| unhoMne kaI mandira evaM mUrtiyA~ pratiSThita karAvI thiiN| mirjApura meM bhI eka mandira banavAyA thaa| paTanA nagara ke begamapura mohalle meM usa kAla meM jainoM kI acchI vastI thii| akabarapura, DhAkA, bhAgalapura, hAjIpura, ajImagaMja, murzidAbAda, makasUdAbAda, bihArazarIfa Adi baMgAla aura bihAra ke pramukha nagaroM meM rAjadhAnI pasna jaina vyApAriyoM ko anI hastiyA~ zrI. 1 jagatUseTha gharAnA - 17vIM zatAbdI I. ke uttarArdha meM, sambhavatayA 1661 I. ke lagabhaga, AgarA ke hIrAnanda zAha nAmaka osavAla jaina seTha bihAra prAnta ke paTanA nagara meM jA base the| mUlataH vaha rAjasthAna, sambhavatayA bIkAnera pradeza, se AgarA Aye the| paTanA ke begamapura mohalle meM rahakara unhoMne vyApAra meM acchI unnati kI, kintu thor3e samaya pazcAt baMgAla-bihAra ke sUbedAra kI rAjadhAnI murzidAbAda meM sthAnAntarita ho gaye / yahA~ unake nAma kA eka mohallA aba bhI vidyamAna batAyA jAtA hai| makasUmAbAda meM bhI inakI havelI thii| hIrAnanda zAha 1700 I. ke lagabhaga taka jIvita rahe pratIta hote haiN| unake putra seTha mANikacandra ne apanA pradhAna kendra makasUmAbAda ko hI bnaayaa| unhoMne bar3I unnati kI aura 'rAjA' kI upAdhi bhI prApta kii| rAjA, prajA, umarAva, phaujadAra, sUbedAra, navAba Adi saba hI isa seTha kI AjJA ko praNAma karate the aura svayaM dillI kA bAdazAha unakA bar3A sammAna karatA thA / bAdazAha farrukhasiyara (1718-19 I.) ne unheM dillI bulAkara 'seTa' (rAjyaseTha) kA pada darabAra meM jalasA karake diyA thaa| baMgAla deza ke isa dhana kI sampatti dina-pratidina vega se bar3ha rahI thii| unake pratApI putra fatahacanda ne aura bhI adhika nAma kmaayaa| unakI sAkha aura vaibhava kI dhAka sarvatra thii| dillI ke bAdazAha, sambhavatayA muhammadazAha raMgIle (1719-48 I.) ne unheM 'jagatseTa' kI upAdhi pradAna kI thii| murzida makasUmAbAda kA yaha jagatseTa gharAnA usa kAla kA baMgAla-bihAra kA sarvAdhika pratiSThita gharAnA samajhA jAtA thaa| usakI sAhUkArI mahAjanI gaddI bhI deza bhara meM sarvopari thI ye jagatseta baMgAla ke navAboM ko tathA usake rAjasva vasUla karanevAle ThekedAroM, cakalAdAroM, jamIMdAroM, uparAjAoM aura saradAroM ko tathA a~garez2a Adi videzI vyApAriyoM ko bhI manamAnA RNa dete the| sabhI ucca vargoM ke sAtha unakA lena-dena kA vyApAra calatA thaa| isI kAraNa usa pradeza kI rAjanIti meM bhI 320 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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unakA bar3A prabhAva thaa| fatahavanda 1741 I. meM to vidyamAna the hI, sambhavatayA 1757 I. meM baMgAla-bihAra ke antima svatantra zAsaka navAba sirAjuddaulA kI palAsI ke yuddha meM parAjaya evaM mRtyu ke samaya bhI vaha jIvita the| navAba aura a~garejoM ke saMgharSa meM unhoMne athavA unake uttarAdhikArI ne mahattvapUrNa, kintu zAyada adUradarzitApUrNa yoga diyA thA / fatahacanda ke putra yA pItra jagataseTha zugamacanda ne 1765 I. meM sammedazikhara para jalamandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| kintu vaha saMkaTakAla thaa| a~garez2oM ke dAsa, zaktihIna evaM nikamme mIrajAphara Adi navAdoM aura svayaM a~gareja kampanI ke adhikArivoM evaM karmacAriyoM kI vyApaka lUTa-khasoTa ke kAraNa arAjakatA bar3hatI gayI / jagatseTha bhI usa lUTa-khasoTa se nahIM base1 kalakatte aura murzidAbAda kI unakI haveliyA~ bhI lUTI gyiiN| vyApAra-vyavasAya Thappa hotA calA gayA aura 18voM zatI I. ke bAda to kapAla ke prasiddha jagale kA mAtra nAma hI raha gayA / apane vaibhava evaM prabhAyapUrNa kAla meM ve usa prAnta meM jaina tIrthoM aura jainoM ke samartha saMrakSaka rahe the| san 1811-12 I. meM bukAnana hemilTana ne jaba apanA sarvekSaNA vRttAnta likhA to jagatseka atIta kI smRti bana cuke the| seTha ghAsIrAma-bAdazAha farrukhasiyara (1713-19 I.) ke samaya meM zAhI khuzAMcI the| U~cA-ghAsIrAma unhIM ne basAyA thaa| isI kAla meM 1716 I. meM dillI meM naughare ke bhavya evaM kalApUrNa zvetAmbara-mandira kA nirmANa huaa| sambhava hai isameM jagataseTha mANikacanda kA vizeSa yoga rahA ho| lAlA kezarIsiMha-mug2ala bAdazAha muhammadazAha ne 1721-22 I. meM sAdatakhA~ dhurahAnulmulka ko avadha kA sUbedAra niyukta kiyA thaa| avadha ke isa prathama navAba ke vRkSAMcI lAlA kezarIsiMha nAma ke agravAla jaina the jo macAya ke sAtha dillI se abadha aaye| ayodhyA hI usa kAla meM isa sUye kI rAjadhAnI thii| vahIM navAya ne apanA DerA ddaalaa| lAlA kezarIsiMha ne 1724 I. meM ayodhyA-tIrtha ke pA~ca prAcIna jina-mandiroM aura ToMkoM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA aura isa tIrtha ke vikAsa evaM jainoM ke lie usakI yAtrA kA mArga prazasta kiyA thaa| madhyakAla : uttarAdha :: 321

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uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya isa kAla meM rAjasthAna meM mevAr3a (udayapura), jodhapura, bIkAnera, jayapura, bUMdI Adi pramukha rAjapUta rAjya the| ina rAjyoM ke nareza bahudhA udAra aura dharmasahiSNu the aura unake dvArA zAsita kSetroM meM jainoM kI sthiti apekSAkRta zreSThakara thii| unheM dhArmika svatantratA bhI kahIM adhika thii| jaina muniyoM, yatiyoM aura vidvAnoM kA rAjAgaNa Adara karate the| mandira Adi nirmANa karane aura dhamotsava karane kI mI jainoM ko khulI chUTa yo / mukhyatayA sAhukArI, mahAjanI, vyApAra aura vyavasAya jainoM kI vRtti thI aura ina saba kSetroM meM prAya: pratyeka rAjya meM unakI pradhAnatA thii| isake atirikta ukta rAjyoM ke mantrI, dIvAna, bhaNDArI, koThArI Adi tathA anya ucca padoM para aneka anI niyukta hote the| aneka jainI to bhArI yuddhavIra, senAnAyaka, durgapAla tathA prAntIya, prAdezika yA sthAnIya zAsaka bhI hue| mevAr3arAjya bhAramala kAvar3iyA-rANA sA~gA kA bhitra 'bhAramala kAvar3iyA, jise rANA ne alavara se bulAkara raNathambhaura kA durgapAla niyukta kiyA thA aura kAlAntara meM bUMdI ke sUrajamala hAr3A ke durgapAla niyukta hone para bhI usa pradeza kA bahuta-sA zAsana-kArya usI ke hAtha meM rahA thA, rANA sA~gA ke putra rANA udayasiMha ke zAsanArambha meM hI rAjya ke pradhAna mantrI ke pada para pratiSThita huA thaa| cittaur3a para 1567 I. meM samrATa akabara kA adhikAra ho jAne para rANA ne udayapura nagara basAkara use hI apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| isa nagara ke nirmANa evaM udayasiMha ke rAjya ko sugaThita karane meM mantrI bhAramala kA paryApta yoga thaa| usake putra bhAmAzAha, tArAcanda Adi bhI rAjya-sevA meM niyukta the| vIra tArAcandra--bhAramala kAvar3iyA kA putra aura bhAmAzAha kA bhAI tAsacanda bhArI yuddhavIra, kuzala sainyasaMcAlaka aura prazAsaka thaa| rANA udayasiMha ne use gaur3ayAi pradeza kA zAsaka niyukta kiyaa| udayasiMha kA patra evaM uttarAdhikArI mahArANA pratApasiMha ke samaya meM bhI kucha varSa taka usa pada para rahA 1 sAdar3I ko usane apanA nivAsasthAna banAyA thaa| samrATU akabara ke senApati Ameranareza 322 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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mAnasiMha ke sAtha 1576 I. meM hue mahArANA pratApasiMha ke itihAsaprasiddha haldIghATI ke yuddha meM vIravara tArAcanda tathA mehatA jayamala bacchAvata, mehatA ratanacanda khetAvata Adi kaI anya jaina sAmanta bhI rANA ke sAtha the aura unhoMne mugala senA ke sAtha atyanta vIratApUrvaka yuddha kiyA thaa| usa yuddha meM parAjita hokara rANA to apane bace-khuce sAthiyoM aura parivAra ko lekara jaMgaloM aura pahAr3oM meM cale gaye aura tArAcanda apanI Tukar3I ke sAtha mAlavA kI ora calA gyaa| vahA~ akabara ke saradAra mA~ ke use jA rA hai usakA sAtha jUjhatA huA tArAcanda basI ke jaMgala ke nikaTa jA pahu~cA, jahA~ vaha atyanta ghAyala hone ke kAraNa behoza hokara ghor3e se mira pdd'aa| basI kA rAya sAIMdAsa devar3A ghAyala tArAcanda ko uThAkara apanI gar3hI meM le gayA aura vahA~ usako samucita paricaryA kI / svastha hokara vaha sAdar3I lauTa gyaa| tadanantara rANA kI sahAyatA ke lie apane bhAI bhAmAzAha ke sAtha mAlavA para AkramaNa kiyA aura lUTa kA dhana lAkara rANA ko arpaNa kara diyaa| vaha anta taka apane rANA aura svadeza kI ekaniSThatA ke sAtha sevA karatA rhaa| sAdar3I grAma ke bAhara tArAcanda ne eka sundara bArahadarI banavAyI thI, jisameM usakI svayaM kI, usakI cAra patniyoM kI eka khavAsa kI chaha gAyikAoM kI tathA eka gavaiye aura usakI patnI kI mUrtiyA~ pASANa meM utkIrNa haiN| harstarte bhAmAzAha --- bhAramala kAvar3iyA kA putra aura vIra tArAcanda kA bhAI bhAmAzAha rANA udayasiMha ke samaya se hI rAjya kA dIvAna evaM pradhAna mantrI thA haldIghATI ke yuddha ( 1576 I.) meM parAjita hokara svatantratApremI aura svAbhimAnI rANA pratApa jaMgaloM aura pahAr3oM meM bhaTakane lage the| vahA~ bhI mugala senA ne unheM caina na lene diyaa| ataeva saba ora se nirAza evaM hatAza hokara unhoMne svadeza kA parityAga karake anyatra cale jAne kA saMkalpa kiyaa| isa bIca svadezabhakta evaM svAmibhakta mantrIvara bhAmAzAha cupa nahIM baiThA thaa| yaha dezoddhAra ke upAya juTA rahA thaa| ThIka jisa samaya rANA bhare mana se mevAr3a kI sImA se vidAI le rahA thA, bhAmAzAha A pahu~cA aura mArga rokakara khar3A ho gayA, unheM DhAr3hasa ba~dhAyI aura dezoddhAra ke prayatna ke lie utsAhita kiyaa| rANA ne kahA, na mere pAsa phUTI kaur3I hai, na sainika aura sAthI hI, kisa bUte para yaha prayatna karU~? bhAmAzAha ne turanta vipula dravya unake caraNoM meM samarpita kara diyA itanA ki jisase pacIsa hajAra sainikoM kA bAraha varSoM taka nirvAha ho sakatA thA aura yaha saba dhana bhAmAzAha kA apanA paitRka tathA svayaM upArjita kiyA huA sarvathA nijI thaa| isa apratima udAratA evaM apratyAzita sahAyatA para rANA ne harSavibhora hokara bhAmAzAha ko AliMganabaddha kara liyaa| vaha dUne utsAha se senA juTAne aura mug2aloM ko deza se nikAla bAhara karane meM juTa gye| aneka yuddha lar3e gaye, jinameM vIra bhAmAzAha aura tArAcanda ne bhI prAyaH barAbara bhAga liyaa| ina donoM bhAiyoM ne mAlavA para, jo mugaloM ke adhIna thA, car3hAI uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya : 323

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1 karake 25 lAkha rupaye aura 20 haz2Ara azaraphiyoM daNDasvarUpa prApta kI aura lAkara rANA ko samarpita kara diiN| rAjya ke gA~va-gA~va meM prANoM kA saMcAra kara diyA, sainikoM ko juTAnA, yuddha-sAmagrI kI vyavasthA aura yuddhoM meM bhI bhAga lenA, hara prakAra deza ke uddhAra ko saphala banAne meM bhAmAzAha ne pUrNa yoga diyaa| divera Adi ke zAhI thAnoM para AkramaNa karane meM bhI kaha rAjapUtoM ke sAtha thaa| ina gAvoM meM bhAmAzAha ka 1 kI vIratA dekhane kA bhI rANA ko paryApta avasara milA aura vaha usase atyanta prasanna huaa| ina prayatnoM kA pariNAma yaha huA ki mevAr3I vIroM kI raNabherI ke nAda se mug2ala sainikoM ke paira ukhar3ane lage aura 1586 I. taka dasa varSa ke bhItara hI cittaur3a aura mA~Dalagar3ha ko chor3akara sampUrNa mevAr3a para rANA kA punaH adhikAra ho gyaa| akabara ne bhI unheM phira nahIM chedd'aa| apanI isa apUrva evaM udAra sahAyatA ke kAraNa bhAmAzAha mevAr3a kA uddhArakartA kahalAyA / rANA pratApa to usakA bar3A sammAna karate hI the| use lokapratiSThA bhI prabhUta prApta huii| tabhI se rAjAjJA dvArA rAjadhAnI udayapura kI paMca-paMcAyata, bAvanI (jAti bhoja) cauke kA bhojana, siMhapUjA Adi vizeSa upalakSyoM meM bhAmAzAha ke mukhya vaMzadhara ko hI sarvaprathama tilaka kiyA jAtA hai aura mAna diyA jAtA hai| jaba-jaba isa prathA kA bhaMga huA, rAjAjJA se use punaH sthApita kiyA jAtA rahA, yathA--1855 I. ke rAjA sarUpasiMha ke aura 1895 I. ke rANA phatahasiMha ke AjJApatra mevAr3a kI pratiSThA ke isa punarutthApaka, svArthatyAgI, vaurazreSTha evaM mantrIpravara bhAmAzAha kA janma somavAra 28 jUna, 1547 I. ko huA thA aura nidhana lagabhaga 52 varSa kI Ayu meM 27 janavarI 1600 I. meM huaa| mRtyu ke eka dina pUrva usane apane hAtha likhI eka bar3I apanI dharmapatnI kI dekara kahA ki isameM mevAr3a ke rAjyakoSa kA saba byaurA hai, jaba-jaba mevAr3a kA koI rANA kaSTa meM ho, isa dravya se usakI sahAyatA kI jaae| isa prakAra isa nararatna ne eka sacce jaina ke upayukta AcaraNa dvArA svadharma, svasamAja evaM svadeza ko gauravAnvita kiyaa| udayapura meM bhAmAzAha kI samAdhi abhI bhI vidyamAna hai / jIvAzAha - bhAmAzAha kA suyogya putra thaa| rANA pratApa ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI rANA amarasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM bhI tIna varSa mAmAzAha jIvita rahA aura pUrvavat rAjya kA pradhAna mantrI banA rhaa| usakI mRtyu ke uparAnta jIvAzAha pradhAnamantrI huaa| vaha bhI apanI kula paramparA ke anusAra rAjyabhakta, svAmIbhakta evaM apane kArya meM sudakSa thaa| rANA amarasiMha AlasI, vilAsI aura kharcIlA thA / mug2aloM ke sAtha bhI apane vIra pitA kI Ana ko nibhAne ke lie vaha 1614 I. paryanta yuddha karatA rhaa| apanI mAtA ke pAsa surakSita paitRka bahI meM likhe koSa se hI jIvAzAha rANA kA aura usake yuddhoM kA kharca calAtA rhaa| jaba 1614 I. meM zAhajAdA khurrama ne rANA ko samrAT jahA~gIra kI adhInatA svIkAra karane ke lie vivaza kara diyA to ajamera meM samrAT ke sammukha upasthita hone ke lie zAhajAde 324 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahitAe~

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ke sAtha yuvarAja karNasiMha gayA thaa| jIvAzAha bhI usa samaya apane 'yuvarAja ke sAtha ajamera gayA thA / amasiMha ke pazcAt kasiMha rANA huA aura usake rAjyakAla meM apanI mRtyu paryanta jIvAzAha hI dovAna banA rhaa| akSayarAja-- bhAmAzAha kA pautra aura jIvAzAha kA putra akSayarAja apane pitA kI mRtyu ke uparAnta karNasiMha kA aura tadanantara usake uttarAdhikArI rANA jagatasiMha kA dIvAna rahA | mantritva ke atirikta vaha kuzala senAnAyaka bhI thaa| dUMgarapura ke rAvala pahale mevAr3a ke adhIna the, phira mug2ala bAdazAha ke adhIna ho gaye to rANA kI sattA ko unhoMne amAnya kara diyaa| rANA jagatasiMha ne pradhAna akSayarAja kI rAbala ke viruddha bhejaa| akSayarAja ne usakA saphalatApUrvaka damana kiyA aura use pahAr3oM para bhAgakara zaraNa lene para bAdhya kiyaa| akSayarAja ke pazcAt isa vaMza kA koI vyakti usa pada para rahA yA nahIM, patA nahIM cltaa| saMghavI dayAladAsa-mapAla samrATa auraMgajeba kI hindU virodhI asahiSNu nIti, jajiyA kara AzaMdemA, mandisUrti ko cikityAcAroM se hindU janatA trasta ho uThI thii| jodhapura ke mahArAja jasavantasiMha kI vidhA evaM putroM ke sAtha kiye gaye anyAyapUrNa baratAva ne bhI rAjapUtoM ko bhar3akA diyaa| mevAr3a ke vIra rANA rAjasiMha svayaM ko hinduoM aura hindu dharma kA saMrakSaka samajhate the| unhoMne auraMgajeba ko kar3A patra likhA ki vaha upayukta hindU virodhI kArya na kre| samrAT ne kupita hokara mAravAr3a para AkramaNa karane ke lie sasainya ajamera meM DerA DAna / rANA ke netRtva meM rAjasthAna ke adhikAMza rAjA usakA mukAbalA karane ke lie ekatra ho gye| antataH vivaza hokara 1681 I. meM use rAjapUtoM se sandhi karanI pdd'ii| isa kAla meM rAjA rAjasiMha kA pradhAna mantrI saMghavI dayAladAsa nAmaka jaina vIra thA jo bhArI yoddhA aura kuzala sainyasaMcAlaka bhI dhaa| karnala TADa ke kathanAnusAra rANA ke isa kAryacatura evaM atyanta sAhasI dIvAna dayAladAsa ke hRdaya meM mugaloM se badalA lene kI agni sadA prajvalita rahatI thii| usane zIghragAmI ghur3asavAra senA lekara narmadA se betavA taka phaile hue mAlavA ke sUbe ko lUTa liyaa| usake pracaNDa mujayala ke sammukha koI nahIM Thahara pAtA thA 1 sAraMgapura, devAsa, siroMja, mA~DU, ujjaina, canderI Adi naparoM ko lUTA aura vahA~ sthita mug2ala senA ko mAra bhgaayaa| usane musalamAnoM ke mullA, maulaviyoM, krAz2iyoM, RrAna aura masjidoM ko bhI nahIM badakSA / musalamAnoM meM trAhi-trAhi maca gyii| lUTa kA sArA dhana usane apane svAmI rANA ke koSa meM de diyaa| usane apane rAjakumAra jayasiMha ke sAtha cittaur3a ke nikaTa zAhajAdA Ajama kI senA ke sAtha bhayaMkara yuddha karake use raNathambhaura kI ora mAga jAne para vivaza kiyaa| isa yuddha meM bhI mug2aloM ke dhana aura jana kI bhArI kSati huii| dayAladAsa ke pUrvaja mUlataH sIsaudiyA rAjapUta the aura jainadharma aMgIkAra karake osavAloM meM sammilita hue the tathA apane dharmakAryoM ke kAraNa unhoMne saMghavI upAdhi uttara padhyakAla ke rAjayUta rAjya :: 925

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prApta kI thii| apanI turapura jAgIra ke kAraNa saruvarayA bhI kahalAte the| saMghako lejAjI ke putra saMghavI gajUjI the aura unake saMdhI rAjAjI the jinakI bhAyAM rayaNade se unake cAra putra hue| unameM sabase choTe saMghayI dayAladAsa the| sUryade aura pATamade nAma kI unakI do paliyA~ thIM aura saMghavI sA~valadAsa nAmaka putra thA, jinakI bhAya mRgAde thii| prArambha meM dayAladAsa udayapura ke eka brAhmaNa purohita ke yahA~ naukara the| rANA ke viruddha usake parivAra ke hI katipaya logoM dvArA kiye gaye eka kUTa SaDyantra kA visphoTa karane ke kAraNa rANA dayAladAsa se atyanta prasamma hue aura use apanI senA meM rakha liyaa| zanaiH-zanaiH summati karake vaha rANA ke kRpApAtra evaM vizvasta mahApradhAna ho gye| bar3aura ke nikaTastha chANI grAma ke jinamandira kI eka pASANamayI vizAla jinapratimA para aMkita lekha ke anusAra usakI pratiSThA inhIM saMghavI dayAladAsa ne 1677 I. meM karAyI thii| udayapura meM rAjasamanda kI pAla ke nikaTa unhoMne saMgamaramara kA vizAla nau maMjilA caturmukha AdinAtha jinAlaya banavAyA thA, jo eka pUra kila-jaisA lagatA hai aura jisake nirmANa meM eka paisA kama dasa lAkha rupaye lage batAye jAte haiN| unakI preraNA para rANA rAjasiMha ne 169 I. meM eka AjJApatra bhI jArI kiyA thA, jisake anusAra prAcInakAla se jainoM ke mandiroM evaM anya dharmasthAnoM ko jo yaha adhikAra prApta hai ki unakI sImA meM koI bhI vyakti jIvayadha na kare, vaha mAnya kiyA gayA-nara yA mAdA koI bhI pazu yadi vadha ke lie ukta sthAnoM ke samIpa se le jAyA jAegA to vaha amara ho jAegA arthAt mArA nahIM jAegA-rAjadrohI, luTere yA kArAgRha se bhAme hue mahAaparAdhI bhI yadi inake upAsare meM zaraNa lete haiM to rAjya karmacArI unheM nahIM pakar3a sakeMge-phasala meM (dhI, karAnA kI muTThI, dAna kI huI bhUmi aura unake upAsare yathAvat kAyama raheMge-yaha pharamAna yati mAna kI prArthanA para jArI kiyA gayA / ukta patijI ko kucha bhUmidAna bhI diyA gayA thaa| AjJApatra mahArANA rAjasiMha kI ora se pevAr3a deza ke dasa hajAra grAmoM ke saradAroM, mantriyoM, paTeloM ko sambodhita thA aura zAha dayAla (dAsa) pantrI dvArA hastAkSarita thaa| rAyA rAjasiMha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt dayAladAsa rANA jayasiMha ke pradhAna mantrI rahe aura isa samaya bhI unhoMne mug2aloM ke sAtha eka bhayaMkara buddha kiyA thaa| dayAladAsa ke putra saMghavI sA~valadAsa bhI rAjya meM kisI ucca pada para pratiSThita rahe pratIta hote haiN| koThArI bhImasI-rANA saMgrAmasiMha dvitIya ke samaya meM jaba raNabAjakhoM mevAtI ke netRtva meM mugala senA ne mevAr3a para AkramaNa kiyA to usakA pratirodha karane ke lie rANA ne veMgu ke sakta devIsiMha meghAyata Adi saradAroM ko khulA bhejaa| rAvata kAraNavaza smayaM na A sakA aura usane apane koThArI bhImasI mahAjana kI adhyakSatA meM apanI senA bheja dii| rAjapUta saradAroM ne upahAsa kiyA, 'koThArIjI, yA ATA nahIM taulanA hai| koTArIne utsara diyA, 'maiM donoM hAthoM se AdA loluMgA taba dekhnaa|' 326 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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aura vaha ghor3e kI apanI ra o polpo meM jahare, sasainya zatruoM para yaha kahate hue TUTa par3e, 'saradAra, aba merA ATA taulanA dekho|' aneka zatruoM ko mRtyu ke ghATa utArakara isa zUravIra mahAjana ne usI yuddha meM vIragati prApta kI aura apanA tathA apane svAmI kA nAma ujjvala kiyaa| ina rANA saMgrAmasiMha ne rAjya ke jaina tIrtha RSabhadeva ko eka grAma dAna meM diyA ! mehatA megharAja byaudIvAla-pUryakAla meM mevAr3a ke rAvala karaNasiMha ke sahapa, mAha aura saravaNa nAma ke tIna putra the / rASTrapa mevAr3a ke rANA hue 1 mAhapa ne dUMgarapura rAjya kI sthApanA kI aura saravaNajI jainadharma aMgIkAra karake osavAloM meM sammilita hue / rAhapajI ne unheM caur3I (janAnakhAnA yA antaHpura) kI rakSA kA bhAra sauMpA aura yaha DyaudIbAla khlaaye| taba se vaha pada isa kula meM calatA rhaa| sarataNajI ne cittaur3a meM zItalanAtha kA mandira banavAyA thaa| usake putra sarIpata ko mehatA kI padavI milii| sarIpata ke megharAja ko chor3akara anya saba vaMzaja rANA udayasiMha ke samaya meM cittaur3a ke antima yuddha meM lar3akara vIragati ko prApta hue the| megharAja rANA ke sAtha udayapura cale Aye the aura apane kulakramAgata pada para rhe| unhoMne udayapura maiM zItalanAtha kA mandira banayAyA aura 'mehatoM kI TobA nAmaka mohallA basAyA mAravAr3a (jodhapura) rAjya mAravAr3a (marudeza) meM kannauja ke jayacandra gADavAla ke pautra sauhAjI ne bhAgakara zaraNa lI thI aura apanA choTA-sA rAjya sthApita kara liyA thaa| yaha vaMza rAgar3a nAma se prasiddha huaa| maNDora usakI rAjadhAnI thii| isa vaMza ke sabajodhA ne 1459 I. meM jodhapura basAyA aura use apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA / tabhI se rAThaur3oM kA yaha jodhapura rAjya adhika prasiddha huaa| isa rAjya meM prAyaH sadaiva aneka jainI mantrI, dIvAna, bhaNDArI Adi padoM para tathA anya rAjyakarmacAriyoM ke rUpa meM kArya karate rhe| rAjya kI janasaMkhyA kA kama-se-kama pA~ca-chaha pratizata jaina the| isa rAmya ke jaina rAjapuruSoM meM sarvaprasiddha vaMza muhalautoM kA rhaa| mAravAr3a ke rAva rAyapAla (1246 I.) ke 18 putra the jinameM cauthe (vA dUsare) mohanajI the| inakI prathama patnI jaisalamera ke bhATI saba jorAvarasiMha kI putrI thI jisase ku~bara bhImarAja utpanna hue aura unase rAThaur3oM kA bhImAvata vaMza claa| tadanantara mohanajI ne RSi zivasena ke upadeza se jainadharma aMgIkAra kara liyA aura minamAla paragane ke gA~va paJcapadariye ke zrImAla jAtIya jIvanota chAjU kI putrI se vivAha kiyA, jisase sumasena (sampattisema yA sapattasena) nAmaka putra huaa| usane bhI jainadharma aMgIkAra kiyA aura usake yaMzaja mahanaula osavAla hue| mehatA mahArAjajI-mohanajI kI pI pIr3hI meM utpanna huA aura rAvajodhA uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya :: 327

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ke sAtha maNDora se jodhapura AyA tathA rAjya kA dIvAna evaM pradhAna mantrI niyukta huaa| rAjA ne prasanna hokara usake lie phatahapAla ke nikaTa eka havelI banavAyI dhii| mehatA rAmacandramohanajI kI 20vIM aura mahArAjajI kI 11vIM pIr3hI meM utpanna huA thaa| jodhapura nareza zurasiMha ke choTe bhAI kRSNAsiMha ne samrATa akabara kI kRpA prApta karake eka svatantra jAgIra 1598 I. meM pAyI jahA~ 1601 I. meM usane kRSAgar3ha bsaayaa| sapacandra aura usakA choTA bhAI zaMkaramaNi jodhapara se kRSNasiMha ke sAtha hI kRSNagar3ha cale Aye the aura isa rAjA ke mantrI bane the| rAjA ne unase prasanna hokara unake lie kRSNagar3ha meM do haveliyoM banavAyIM jo bar3Ipola aura choTIpola khlaayiiN| mukhya mantrI mehatA rAyacandra ne usa nagara meM cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha-jinamandira bhI banavAkara 1615 I. meM pratiSThita karAyA thaa| kRSNasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI mAnasiMha ke samaya meM bhI rAyacandra kRSNagar3ha rAjya kA mukhya mantrI rhaa| eka mahotsava ke avasara para 1659 I. meM rAjA ne svayaM mehatA kI havelI para padhArakara tathA bhojana karake usakA mAna bar3hAyA thaa| pAritoSika ke rUpa meM pAlar3I nAmaka grAma bhI ise pradAna kiyA thaa| mehatA rAyacandra kI mRtyu 18 I. meM huI thii| mehatA vRddhamAna, jo sambhavatayA sayasandra kA putra thA, rAjA mAnasiMha kA tana dIvAna (prAiveTa sekreTarI) thA / ataH hara samaya mahArAja ke sAtha rahatA thaa| usakI mRtyu 1708 I. meM huii| usakA bhAI yA bhatIjA mehatA kRSNadAsa rAjA mAnasiMha kA mukhya mantrI thA, kyoMki rAjA prAyaH dillI meM rahatA thaa| rAjya kA prAyaH sarvakArya dIvAna kRSNadAsa hI karatA thaa| rAjA ne 1193 I. meM use buhAru nAmaka gA~dha inAma diyA thaa| jaba 1699 I. meM navAba abadullArakhA kRSNagar3ha meM zAhI thAnA sthApita karane ke lie senA lekara car3ha AyA thA to mehatA kRSNadAsa ne usake sAtha yuddha karake use parAjita kiyA thaa| kRSNadAsa kI mRtyu 1706 I. meM huii| sambhavatayA inakA putra mehatA jAsakaraNa 1708 I. meM kRSNagar3ha nareza rAjasiMha kA mukhya dIvAna thaa| inakA putra yA bhatIjA mehatA devIcanda rUpanagara ke rAjA saradArasiMha kA mukhya dIvAna thaa| mehatA acalojI-mohanajI ko vi aura mehatA mahArAjajI kI pracoM pIr3hI meM utpanna acalojI mehatA arjunajI ke bar3e bhAI the aura 1562 I. meM jaba rAyAcandra sena jodhapura kI gaddI para baiThA to usane inheM apanA mantrI banAyA thaa| DUMgarapura se jodhapura Ate samaya sojana paragane ke sabasar3a gA~va meM jaya mahArAja kA mugaloM ke sAtha yuddha huA to apalojI bhI unake sAtha the| anya aneka yuddhoM meM bhI yaha jodhapura nareza ke sAtha rahe aura 1578 I. meM madarAr3a ke yuddha meM hI unhoMne dhIragati pAyI thii| rAjya kI ora se unakA smAraka (chatrI) banavAyA gayA jo zAyada aktaka vidyamAna hai| 326 :: pramukha aitihAsika ana puruSa aura mahilAe~

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. meM mehatA jayamala-mehatA acalojI ke pautra the aura 1614-15 I. meM jodhapura nareza surasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM gujarAta dezastha bar3anagara (vAdanagara) ke suzAra the, laMdanantara phalaudI ke zAsaka niyukta hue| jahA~gIra ne 1617 I. meM vaha paraganA bIkAnera nareza saratasiMha ko de diyA to bIkAnera kI senA usapara zikAra karane ke lie AyI, kintu mehatA ne use parAjita karake bhagA diyaa| sUrasiMha ke pazcAt gajasiMha jodhapura kA rAjA haa| mehatA jayamala usake bhI kRpApAtra rhe| isa rAjA ne 1622 I. meM jaba jAlora paragane para adhikAra kiyA to mehatA usake sAtha the aura jaba 1624 I. meM rAjA majasiMha samrAT jahA~gIra kI sahAyatA ke lie hAjIpura-paTanA kI ora gaye to jayamala bhI phauja musAhiba (sainika-parAmarzadAtA) ke rUpa meM usake sAtha gaye the| san 1630 I. ke durbhikSa meM unhoMne eka varSa taka svadravya se akAla pIr3itoM kA bharaNa-poSaNa kiyA thA aura 1632 I. meM sirohI ke saba akhairAja para eka lAkha 'fIrojI (mudrA vizeSa) kA daNDa nirdhArita karake usase 75000 nakada vasUla kiye the aura 25000 bAkI karA diye the| vaha san 1629 I. se 1638 yA 1689 I. taka jodhapura rAjya ke dIvAna evaM pradhAna mantrI rhe| unhoMne 1624 I. meM jAlora, jhAbujaya, sA~cora, mer3atA aura sivAnA nAmaka sthAnoM meM jinamandira banavAye the| mehatA jayamala ko sarUpade aura suhAmade nAma kI do patniyA~ thoM / prathama se naiNasI (navanasiMha), sundaradAsa, AsakaraNa aura marasiMhadAsa nAma ke cAra putra the aura dUsarI se jagamAla nAma kA putra thaa| mehatA naiNasI-mUtA naiNasI yA muhalauta naiNasI (nayanasiMha) isa gharAne kA sarvaprasisa vyakti hai| usakA janma 1610 I. meM huA thA aura 22 varSa kI avasthA ke pUrva hI vaha rAjyasevA meM niyukta ho gayA thaa| magarA ke meroM kA upadrava bar3hatA dekha, 1632 I. meM jodhapuranareza gajasiMha ne naiNasI ko senA dekara unakA damana karane ke lie bhejA, jisa kArya ko usane vIratA evaM kuzalatApUrvaka sampAdana kiyaa| rAjA ne use 1687 I. meM phalaudI kA zAsaka niyukta kiyA, jahA~ usane rAjya ke zatru dilocoM ke sAtha saphala yuddha kiyaa| jaba 1643 meM rAidhare ke mahecA mahezadAsa ne rAjya ke viruddha vidroha kiyA to gajasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI jodhapuranareza jasavantasiMha ne naiNasI ko usakA damana karane ke lie bhejA thA aura 1645 I. meM sobata ke rAva narAyaNa kA damana karane ke lie naiSNasI aura usake bhAI sundaradAsa ko bhejA thA / donoM hI abhiyAna saphala rhe| naiNasI ne kaToratA pUrvaka vidrohiyoM kA damana kiyA, unake koTa, mahala, gA~ba Adi naSTa kara diye| bAdazAha zAhajahA~ ne jasavantasiMha ko 1649 I. meM pokaraNa paraganA diyA thA, jisapara jaisalamera ke bhATI rAvala rAmacandra kA adhikAra thA aura usane use chor3anA svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| mahArAja ne naipasI ko bhejA aura usane yuddha karake usa paragane para adhikAra kara liyA / rAmacandra kA pratidvandvI savalasiMha jaisalamera kA rAjA honA cAhatA thaa| usane avasara dekha uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya :: 529

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jasavantasiMha se sahAyatA mA~gI aura naiNasI ko bhejA gayA jisane rAmacandra ko mAra bhagAyA aura sabalasiMha ko jaisalamera kA rAjA banA diyaa| jasavantasiMha kA dIvAna miyA~ farAsata yA jisake sthAna meM 1657 I. meM mahArAja meM naiNasI ko apanA dIvAna (pradhAna) niyukta kiyA para usane sajI usakA bhAI mehatA sundaradAsa bhI 1654 I. se 1666 I. taka mahArAja kA tana-dIvAna ( vaiyaktika saciva yA prAiveTa sekreTarI) rhaa| use paMcolI balabhadra ke sthAna para niyukta kiyA thaa| san 1656 I. meM mahArAja ne siMghalabAdha ke viruddha senA kI do Tukar3iyA~ bhejIM, jinameM se eka kA netA sundaradAsa thA aura vaha yuddha meM vijayI hokara lauTA thaa| jaisalamera ke rAvala sabalasiMha ne auraMgaz2eba aura jasavantasiMha kI anabana kA lAbha uThAkara 1658 I. meM rAjya meM lUTapATa macAyI taba bhI maigasI ko hI jaisalamera para car3hAI karane ke lie bhejA gyaa| usane rAvala aura usake putra ko khader3akara apane kile meM banda hone para vivaza kara diyA aura usake 25 gA~va jalAkara aura usakA eka durga lUTakara calA aayaa| ujjaina ke nikaTa auraMgajeba ke sAtha jasavantasiMha kA itihAsaprasiddha yuddha usI samaya ke lagabhaga huA thaa| usameM naiNasI ke putra karamasI ne vIratApUrvaka lar3akara aneka ghAva khAye the / antataH auraMgajeba ke samrAT banane para jasavantasiMha usake pakSa meM ho gayA aura 1663 I. meM usakI ora se mahArASTra meM marAThA rAjA zivAjI ke prasiddha durga ku~DA~vA kI vijaya karane ke lie bhejA gyaa| durga para AkramaNa karanevAloM meM sundaradAsa bhI thaa| naiNasI mahArAja ke sAtha hI thaa| mugaloM ke lie marAThoM ke viruddha chir3e abhiyAna kA saMcAlana 1666 I. meM jasavantasiMha auraMgAbAda se kara rahA thaa| kisI kAraNa se vaha naiNasI aura sundaradAsa se ruSTa ho gayA aura una donoM bhAiyoM ko kaida meM DAla diyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki mahArAja kI aprasannatA kA kAraNa ina donoM ke dvArA apane sambandhiyoM ko ucca padoM para niyukta karake rAjya meM manamAnI karanA thA / vAstavika kAraNa to ina vIroM ke vidveSiyoM dvArA inake viruddha mahArAja ke kAna bharanA thaa| do varSa bAda una donoM para eka lAkha rupayA daNDa (jurmAnA lagAkara unheM chor3a diyA gayA, kintu una svAbhimAnI vIroM ne tA~be kA eka TakA bhI denA svIkAra nahIM kiyA / ataeva agale varSa (1669 I. meM) unheM phira bandIkhAne meM DAla diyA gayA aura unake sAtha atyanta kaThoratA kA vyavahAra kiyA gayA, kintu ve taba bhI na jhuke| daNDa- vasUlI kA anya upAya na dekhakara mahArAja ne qaidI ke rUpa meM unheM kar3e pahare meM jodhapura ravAnA kara diyaa| mArga meM asahya yantraNAe~ unheM dI gyiiN| pIr3hI dara pIr3hI se hotI AyI apane pUrvajoM kI aura svayaM apanI va apane pUre parivAra kI ekaniSTha svAmibhakti aura rAjyasevA kA niraMkuza zAsaka dvArA yaha puraskAra pAkara una donoM vIroM ko jIvana se glAni ho gayI aura mArga meM phUlamarI nAmaka grAma meM 1670 I. kI bhAdrapada kRSNA trayodazI (paryuSaNArambha) ke dina donoM bhAiyoM ne eka sAtha peTa meM kaTAra bhoMkakara 330 : pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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ihalIlA samApta kara dii| ye donoM prabuddha, suzikSita aura sukavi bhI the| marane ke pUrva donoM ne eka-eka dohA kahA -- naiNasI - dahAr3I jitare deva, dahAr3e bina nahIM deva hai| suranara karatA Ave sundaradAsa - nara pai nara Avata nahIM, Avata haiM dhanapAsa sau dina kema pachAr3iye, kahate sundaradAta | isa ghaTanA se mahArAja jasavantasiMha aura usake rAjya kI kSati to huI hI, usakI badanAmI bhI sarvatra bahuta huii| samAcAra pAte hI use pazcAttApa bhI huA aura usane naiNasI ke putra karamasI tathA anya parijanoM ko qaida se mukta kara diyA, kintu isa bhayaMkara atyAcAra ke pazcAt unhoMne jodhapura rAjya meM rahanA ucita nahIM samajhA aura yajJasiMha ke pautra, jasavantasiMha ke bhatIje aura vIra rAThaura amarasiMha ke putra nAgauranareza rAmasiMha ke Azraya meM cale gye| mUtA naiNasI atyanta kuzala rAjanItijJa, prazAsaka, bhArI yuddhavIra aura sainyasaMcAlaka hI nahIM thA, vaha sukavi, bar3A vidyAnurAgI tathA bhArI itihAsakAra bhI thA / 'mUtA naiNasI kI khyAta' nAma se prasiddha usakA mahAgrantha sampUrNa rAjasthAna kA uttama itihAsa aura jodhapura rAjya kI vistRta DAyarekTarI hai, jisake kAraNa use rAjasthAna kA abulafajala ( AIne akabarI kA lekhaka) kahA jAtA hai| grantha kA 'khyAta' (itihAsa) bhAga bar3e AkAra meM mudrita eka hajAra pRSTha ke lagabhaga hai aura usakA 'sarvasaMgraha' (jodhapura rAjya kA gajeTiyara) bhAga bhI pA~ca sau pRSTha ke lagabhaga hai| rAjasthAna ke madhyakAlIna itihAsa ke lie naiNasI kA mAnya advitIya sAdhana srota hai| jodhapura ke kavirAja murArIdIna ne use dekhakara 1902 I. meM likhA thA--- mantrI marudhara taNoM naiNasI maihato naaNmii| khyAta ratna ekaThA kiyAkara khA~ta amA~gI | mUtA naiNasI ke vaMzaja - naiNasI ke tIna putra the- karamasI, bairasI aura smrsii| ve sundaradAsa ke putroM aura samasta parivAra ko lekara nAgaura meM rAmasiMha kI sevA meM 1670 I. meM ho cale gaye the| vahA~ rAmasiMha ne apane ThikAne ( rAjya ) kA sArA kArya karamasI ko sauMpa diyA thaa| vIra karamasI ne apane pitA aura cAcA ke sAtha tathA svatantra bhI jasavantasiMha aura usake rAjya kI paryApta sevA kI thii| T yaha zAsanakuzala aura vIra to thA hI, kintu mAgya yahA~ bhI viparIta huA / nAgaura nareza rAmasiMha kI 1675 I. meM dakSiNa dezastha zolApura meM acAnaka mRtyu ho gyii| rAjA ke mutasaddiyoM ne sAtha ke gujarAtI vaidya se pUchA ki yaha kaise ho gayA to usane apanI bhASA meM kahA, 'karamA no doSa che', jisakA artha lagAyA gayA ki mantrI karamasI ne viSa dekara rAjA kI hatyA kara dI aura use turanta vahIM jIvita dIvAra meM cunavAkara mAra diyA gyaa| sAtha hI nAgaura AjJA bheja dI gayI ki usake pUre uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya : 331

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parivAra ko kolDU meM pilavA diyA. jhae / ataeva karamasI ke putra pratApaptI tathA 11 parivAra ke kitane hI vyaktiyoM kI hatyA rAmasiMha ke putra indrasiMha ne karavA dii| karamanI kI do vidhavA patniyoM apane putroM sAmantasiMha aura saMgrAmasiMha ke sAtha kisI prakAra bacakara bhAga nikalI aura ina logoM meM kizanagar3ha meM jAkara zaraNa lI tathA vahA~ se bIkAnera cale gye| karamasI ke parivAra ke bhAgaura bhAga jAne para hI jasavantasiMha ne pratijJA kara lI thI ki isa parivAra ke kisI vyakti ko rAjasevA meM nahIM liyA jaaegaa| karamasI ke bhAI mehatA vairasI (kahA~-kahIM inheM sundaradAsa kA putra likhA hai) rUpanagara ke rAjA mAnasiMha (1585 I.) ke tana-dIvAna ho gaye the| jasavantasiMha ke putra ajItasiMha ne jaba mAravAr3a rAjya para apanA adhikAra sthira kara liyA to usane karamasI ke putroM sAmantasiMha aura saMgrAmasiMha ko bIkAnera se bulAkara dhairya diyA aura apanI sevA meM punaH le liyaa| isa rAkSA ke samaya meM 1728 I. meM mehatA saMgrAmasiMha jodhapura rAjya ke mAroTha, parabatasara Adi sAla paraganoM ke aura sAmantasiMha jAlora ke zAsaka the, jahA~ unhoMne 1727 I. meM sAmantapurA grAma basAyA thaa| ajItasiMha ke usarAdhikArI abhayasiMha ne pUryakAla meM prakSa kara lI gayI isa parivAra kI jAgIra evaM anya sampatti bhI use lauTA dii| jodhapura ke bhaNDArI ___ isa vaMza ke loga apanI utpatti sA~bhara (ajamera) ke cauhAna vaMza se batAte haiN| isa vaMza ke rAva lakhamasI ne nADola meM pRthaka rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| usake vaMzaja prahlAdadeva ne 1162 I. meM nADola ke jainandira ko bahuta-sI bhUmi Adi kA dAna diyA thA aura pazubadha niSedha kI rAjAjJA jArI kI thii| uparyukta rAya lakhamasI yA lAkhA ke 24 putroM meM se eka dUdA thA jo bhaNDArI kula kA saMsthApaka huaa| yaha jainadharma meM dIkSita hokara osavAloM meM sammilita ho gayA thaa| rAjyamaNDAra kA prabandhaka hone se bhaNDArI (bhANDAgArika) kahalAtA thaa| isa vaMza ke loga rAyajodhA (1427-89 I.) ke samaya mAravAr3a meM Akara base / inake mukhiyA mArojI evaM samarojI bhaNDArI jodhA ke vIra senAnI the| tabhI se bhapavArI loga jodhapura meM rAjyamAnya evaM uJcapadoM para niyukta hote aaye| ve loga kalama aura talavAra donoM ke dhanI rahe aura bhArI bhavana nirmAtA tathA rAjabhakta bhii| mAnA bhaNDArI-isa vaMza ke amara bhaNDArI kA putra bhAnA bhaNDArI jaitAraNa kA nivAsI thA aura jodhapura nareza gajasiMha kA pratiSThita rAjyakarmacArI thaa| usane 1621 I. meM kAparadA meM pArzvanAtha kA vizAla mandira banavAyA thA jisakA zilAropaNa kharataragacchI jinasenasUri ne kiyA thaa| raghunAtha bhaNDArI-jodhapura nareza ajItasiMha {1680-1725 I.) ke samaya meM rAjya kA dIvAna thaa| zAsana prabandha aura yuddha saMcAlana donoM hI kSetra meM yaha atyanta 182 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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dakSa thaa| rAjA bahadhA dillI meM rahatA thA aura rAjya kA samasta kAryabhAra evaM zAsana raghunAtha bhaNDArI hI karatA thaa| vaha jdAra aura dAnI bhI prasiddha yA 1 loka-kahAkta cala par3I thI ki ajIta to dillI kA bAdazAha ho gayA aura rAnAtha jodhapura kA rAjA ho gyaa| khimasI bhaNDArI--dIpacandra kA pautra aura rAyasiMha kA putra thA tathA ajItasiMha ke samaya meM rAjya kA eka dIvAna (mantrI) thaa| dillI ke bAdazAha se usane apane rAjA ke lie gujarAta kI sUbedArI kI sanada prApta kI thii| kahate haiM ki usane auraMgajeba se kahakara jajiyA kara bhI banda karavA diyA thaa| thAnasiMha aura amarasiMha nAma ke usake do patra the| vijaya bhaNDArI rAjA ajItasiMha jaba 1715 I. meM gujarAta kA 47vA~ sUbekSAra banA to usake vahIM pahu~cane taka bijaya bhaNDArI ne usakI ora se gujarAta kI sUbedArI kI thii| anUpasiMha bhaNDArI-raghunAtha bhaNDArI kA putra thA aura 1719 I. meM jodhapura nagara kA zAsanAdhikArI thaa| yaha kuzala rAjanItijJa, vIra yoddhA aura nipuNa senAnI thaa| jaba 1715 I. meM dillI ke bAdazAha ne ajItasiMha ke putra yuyarAja amayasiMha ko nAgaura kA manasabadAra niyukta kiyA to rAjA ne anUpasiMha ko rAjakumAra ke sAtha nAgaura para adhikAra karane ke lie bhejA / nAgaura kA rAjA indrasiMha mI yuddha karane para kaTibaddha thaa| nAgaura ke bAhara ghamAsAna yuddha huA, indrasiMha kI senA bhAra gayI aura nAgaura para jodhapusyAloM kA adhikAra ho gyaa| rAjA ne 1720 I. meM use apanA sthAnApanna banAkara gujarAta bhejA thaa| vahA~ usane baI atyAcAra kiye aura ahamadAbAda ke pramukha seTha kapUracanda bhaMsAlI kI hatyA kara dii| pomasiMha bhaNDArI 1210 I. meM jodhapura nareza ajItasiMha ne use jAlaura evaM sA~dhaura kA zAsaka niyukta kiyA thA 1 1715 I. meM vaha mer3atA kA zAsaka thA aura anUpasiMha bhaNDArI ke sAtha nAgaura ke yuddha meM sammilita huA thA tathA 1719 I. meM bAdazAha farrukhasiyara kI hatyA ho jAne para mahArAja ajItasiMha ne use senA dekara ahamadAbAda (gujarAta) bhejA thaa| sUratarAma bhaNDArI-1748 I. meM vaha mer3atA kA prazAsaka thA aura rAjA abhayasiMha ne use do anya sAmantI ke sAtha ajamera para adhikAra karane ke lie bhejA thaa| ina logoM ne yuddha karake usa nagara para adhikAra kara liyA thaa| ratanasiMha bhaNDArI-1700 I. maiM jaba dillI ke bAdazAha muhammadazAha ne jodhapura nareza abhayasiMha (1725-519 I. ko ajamera aura gujarAta kA sUbedAra niyukta kiyA to usake tIna varSa pazyAt hI vaha ratanasiMha bhaNDArI ko sUbe kA kAryabhAra sauMpakara svayaM dillI balA gayA thA aura taba 1788 I. se 1787 I. paryanta ukta bhaNDArI ne hI usa sUbe kA zAsana kiyA thaa| isa kArya meM use aneka yaha bhI lar3ane pdd'e| usa kAla meM sUbedArI sarala nahIM thI, kintu stamasiMha bhaNDArI bhI uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya :: 333

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atyanta vyavahAra kuzala, rAjanIti-nipuNa, yuddhavIra evaM kartavyaniSTha senApati thaa| apane ukta prazAsana kAla meM yaha saphala hI rhaa| antataH eka yuddha meM hI usane vIragati paayii| usake samaya meM hI marAThoM ne bar3audA para 1784 I. meM adhikAra kiyA thaa| usI varSa ratanasiMha ne vIramagAma ke sAmanta bhavasiMha kA damana kiyA thA, pelalada ke zAsaka dhanarUpa bhaNDArI kI mRtyu huI aura ahamadAbAda ke pradhAna seTha khuzAlacanda se rUSTa hokara ratanasiMha ne use deza se nirvAsita kara diyaa| isa khuzAlacanda ke pitAmaha zAntidAsa ne I. meM pArzvanAtha jinAlaya 5. meM auraMgajeba se apanI gujarAta Mother related at banAyA thA jise 1644 sarasapura (ahamadAbAda) meM sUbadArI ke kAla meM tur3avAkara eka masjida banavAyI thI, kintu samrAT zAhajahA~ ne phira se usa mandira ko banAne kI AjJA de dI thii| zAntidAsa bAda meM auraMgaz2eba kA bhI kRpApAtra ho gayA thaa| nirvAsita khuzAlacanda kI mRtyu 1748 I. meM huii| ratanasiMha bhaNDArI ko 1735 I. meM gholakA kI jAgIra de dI gayI thii| isa prasaMga meM usakA bAdazAha ke soharAbakhA~, mominaqhA~ Adi kaI musalamAna saradAroM ke sAtha kAphI saMgharSa huA, jisameM vaha prAyaH vijayI rhaa| usakI hatyA ke bhI SaDyantra kiye gye| marAThoM, musalamAnoM, sthAnIya rAjapUta sAmantoM Adi ke sAtha usake kUTanIti aura yuddha ke kSetra meM nirantara indra calate rhe| usane 1938 I. meM dUdesara kI tIrthayAtrA bhI kI thii| jaba 1745 I. meM bIkAnera nareza jorAvarasiMha kI mRtyu huI to nadI ke do dAvedAra ho gaye jinameM se rAjasiMha saphala ho gayA to amarasiMha ne jodhapura nareza abhayasiMha se sahAyatA kI yAcanA kI / ratanasiMha bhaNDArI ke adhIna senA bhejI gyii| kaI bhISaNa yuddha hue jinameM bhaNDArI ne adbhuta zaurya pradarzita kiyaa| antima yuddha 1747 I. meM vAhana nAmaka sthAna meM huA thaa| yuddha kI samApti para jaba ratanasiMha bhaNDArI lauTa rahA thA to eka bIkAnerI bhAlAbaradAra ne dhokhe se pIche se usapara AkramaNa karake usa vIra kI hatyA kara dii| DUMgarapura - vAsavAr3A - pratApagar3ha isa pradeza meM jainadharma ke pracalita rahane ke sAkSya 10vIM zatI I. se hI milate haiM / digambara sAdhuoM kA bAgar3agaccha yahIM se nikalA thaa| jayAnanda kI pravAsagItikA ke anusAra girivara (DUMgarapura) meM 1370 I. meM pAMca jinamandira aura jaina zrAvakoM ke 500 ghara the| usI samaya ke lagabhaga sAgavAr3A ( zAkapatana) meM nandisaMgha kI bhaTTArakIya gaddI bhI sthApita huii| DUMgarapura meM rAvala pratApasiMha ke mantrI prahlAda ne 1404 I. meM eka jinamandira banavAyA thaa| rAvala rAjapAla ke mantrI AbhA ne aMtarI meM zAntinAtha jinAlaya banavAyA thA aura rAvala somadAsa ke mantrI sAlA meM pItala kI bhArI-bhArI jinamUrtiyA~ banavAkara AbU ke mandiroM meM pratiSThita karAyI thIM tathA DUMgarapura ke prAcIna pArzvanAtha jinAlaya kA punaruddhAra karAyA thaa| pratApagar3ha rAjya meM 14vIM- 15vIM zatI 334 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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apane zrI sudhira kI pratiSThita aneka jinamUrtiyoM milatI haiN| devalI ke 1715 I. ke zilAlekha ke anusAra rAjA pRthvIsiMha ke rAjya meM sorayA evaM jIvarAja nAmaka jaina mahAjanoM kI pregara se usa grAma ke teliyoM ne varSa bhara meM 44 dina apane kolhU banda rakhane kA nirNaya liyA thaa| usI samaya vahA~ mallinAtha mandira nirmApita huA / koTA- bArA isa pradeza meM bhI 9vIM 10vIM zatI se jainadharma ke pracalana ke cihna milate haiM / rAmagar3ha (zrInagara) meM jaina muniyoM ke AvAsa ke lie banAyI gayI guphAe~ haiM / kRSNavilAsa, kezavardhana (zeragar3ha) aTaka Adi sthAnoM meM 8vIM se 13vIM zatI taka ke jaina mandira vidyamAna haiN| coMdakher3I meM rAjA kizorasiMha ke rAjya meM 1689 I. meM kRSNadAsa nAmaka dhanI jaina seTha ne bhagavAn mahAvIra kA mandira banavAyA thA aura saikar3oM jinapratimAoM kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| jaisalamera kA bhATI rAjya yahA~ 10vIM zatI meM rAjA sAgara ke putra zrIdhara aura rAjadhara ne pAzrvanAtha jinAlaya banavAyA thA, aisI kiMvadantI hai| lakSmaNasiMha ke rAjya meM 1416 I. meM cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jinAlaya aparanAma lakSmaNavilAsa bnaa| usake putra vairIsiMha ke samaya meM sambhavanAtha kA mandira banA jisake pratiSThotsava meM rAjA bhI sammilita huA / usake uttarAdhikAriyoM ke samaya meM bhI aneka jinamandira bane tathA jaisalamera kA prasiddha zAstra bhaNDAra sthApita huA / yahIM seTha vAruzAha ne 1615 I. meM 10vIM zatI ke prAcIna sarzvanAtha mandira kA punarnirmANa karAyA thA / nagara ( vIramapura ) ke rAkta marudeza (jodhapura- mAravAr3a) meM hI yaha choTA-sA rAjya thA / yahA~ rAvala sUryasiMha ke rAjya meM 1612 I. meM vastupAla nAmaka jaina seTha ne pArzvanAtha jinAlaya kI pratiSThApanA karAyI thii| 1626 I. meM rAjA gajasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM jayamala ne jAlora ke AdinAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra jinAlayoM meM pratimAe~ pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| 1629 I. meM pAlI aura mer3atA meM pratiSThAe~ huI aura 1787 I. meM mAroTha ke jaina dIvAna rAmasiMha ne jodhapura nareza abhayasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM mAroTha meM 'sAho kA mandira banavAyA aura aneka jinapratimAe~ pratiSThita karAyoM / Amera (jayapura) rAjya rAjasthAna kA yaha pazcimI bhAga hu~dA ke eka kacchapaghAtavaMzI rAjakumAra sor3hadeva ne deza kahalAtA thaa| naravara ( gvAliyara) 10vIM - 11vIM zatI I. meM yahA~ jAkara uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUla rAjya : 335

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apanA rAjya kiyA ter nAmaka ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA / tadanantara kramazaH khoha aura rAmagar3ha kI rAjadhAnI banAyA gayA aura 19vIM zatI I. ke lagabhaga Amera (ambAvatI) durga kA nirmANa karake use rAjadhAnI banAyA gyaa| savAI jayasiMha dvArA 1727 I. meM jayapura nagara kA nirmANa hone taka Amera hI rAjadhAnI banA rahA, taduparAnta usakA sthAna jayapura ne le liyaa| Amera jayapura ke ye rAje kachavAhA ( kacchapaghAta kA apabhraMza) rAjapUta kahalAye / vaMza saMsthApaka sor3adeva kA kuladharma jaina thA aura usakA rAjamantrI nirbhayarAma ( yA abhayarAma) nAmaka chAvar3AmotrI khaNDelavAla jaina rahA batAyA jAtA hai| isa rAjya meM jainadharma aura jainojana khUba phale-phUle / unakI janasaMkhyA bhI acchI rahatI rahI hai aura mahAjanoM, seThoM evaM vyapAriyoM ke atirikta unameM se aneka rAjya ke mantrI, dIvAna tathA uccapadastha karmacArI hote Aye haiN| isa rAjya ke lagabhaga pacAsa-sATha jaina rAjamantriyoM ke lo spaSTa ullekha milate haiN| saiMkar3oM zreSTha jaina vidvAnoM, sAhityakAroM aura kaviyoM ne bhI isa rAjya ke prazraya meM uttama koTi kA prabhUta sAhitya racA hai| rAjya ke vairATa, Amera, jayapura, ToDA (takSakapura), sAMgAnera, cAkasU (campAvatI) yA cATasU, jobanera, jhuMjhagU, mojamAbAda Adi aneka nagara jainadharma ke prasiddha kendra rahe haiM aura rAjya meM kaI prasiddha jainatIrtha bhI haiN| samrAT akabara dvArA 1567 I. meM cittaur3a gar3ha kA patana hone aura usa para musalamAnoM kA adhikAra ho jAne para cittaur3a paTTa ke satkAlIna bhaTTAraka maNDalAcArya varmacandra ke paTTadhara bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti ne paTTa ko cittor3a se Amera meM sthAnAntarita kara diyA thaa| taba se Amera paTTa ke aneka vidvAna, dharmotlAhI evaM prabhAvaka bhaTTArakoM ne bhI dharma kI acchI sevA kii| kachavAhoM ke rAjya ke vibhinna nagaroM evaM grAmoM meM anaginata jainamandira bane / akele jayapura nagara meM 150 se adhika jinamandira evaM kaI uttama jaina-saMsthAe~ haiN| Amera ke rAjA bihArImala dvArA 1562 I. meM apanI putrI kA vivAha samrAT akabara ke sAtha kara dene se isa rAjya kA abhUtapUrva utkarSa Arambha huA aura usake sarvatomukhI utkarSa meM rAjya ke jainoM kA prazaMsanIya yogadAna rahA hai| rAjya ke vibhinna choTe-moTe ThikAnoM (sAmanta gharAnoM) ne bhI jainadharma kA poSaNa kiyaa| raNathambhaura ke kachavA rAjA jagannAtha ke mantrI vIsI, Ameranareza mahArAja mAnasiMha ( 1590-1614 I.) ke mahAmAtya sAha nAnU aura mirjA rAjA jayasiMha (1621-687 I.) ke pradhAna mantrI mohanadAsa manasA kA paricaya anyatra diyA jA cukA hai| mahArAja mAnasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM hI 1591 I. meM sAha thAnasiMha ne eka tIrthayAtrA saMgha calAyA thA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI nirvANasthatI pAvApurI meM jAkara SoDazakAraNayantra kI pratiSThA karAyI thii| 1605 I. meM cATasU (campAvatI) ke jinamandira meM mAnastambha kA nirmANa huA thA, aura 1607 I. meM mojAbAda meM jetAseTha ne saikar3oM jina - pratimAe~ pratiSThita karAyI thIM / saMghapati mallidAsa - bhA~ksA gotrI yAtrA saMgha calAnevAle saMghI Uvara ke putra 386 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM, 1958224859

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saMdhamAra dhurandhara, jinapUjApurandara jinapratiSThAkaraNaikatatpara ina dharmAtmA seTa ne 1602 I. meM dUdhUnagara meM bimba pratiSThA karAyI thI aura dUdha, cUrU, bA~dara, sIMdarI, sArakhura evaM arAI nAmaka sthAnoM meM vizAla jinamandira banavAye the| inhIM ke suputra Amera rAjya ke suprasiddha mahAmantrI mohanadAsa bhA~ksA the| saMghI kalyANadAsa - mahAmantrI mohanadAsa bhA~vasA ke jyeSTha putra the aura unakI mRtyu ke uparAnta mirz2A rAjA jayasiMha ke dIvAna hue| yaha 1666 I. meM vidyamAna the| rAjya ke tatkAlIna abhilekhoM meM Amera ke dIvAna saMdhI kalyANadAsa' ke rUpa meM unakA ullekha huA hai| bimaladAsa aura ajitadAsa unake choTe bhAI the| saMghI ajitadAra bhI pratiSThita vyakti the- jayapura kA saMghIjI kA mandira inake (athavA inake putra yA pautra ) dvArA banavAyA gayA kahA jAtA hai| saMghI kalyANadAsa sambhavatayA jayasiMha ke putra evaM uttarAdhikArI mahArAja rAmasiMha (1667-88 I.) ke samaya bhI rAjya ke dIvAna rahe the| ballUzAha chAbar3A-mahArAja rAmasiMha ke dIvAna the| rAjA zivAjI ko mugala darabAra meM lAne ke sambandha meM bAta cIta karane aura lie mahArAja ne ballUzAha ko bhejA thA / sambhavatayA mijA jayasiMha ke samaya se hI vaha rAjya sevA meM ucca pada para niyukta the| vimaladAsa chAbar3A - ballUdAsa ke putra the aura rAmasiMha tathA uttake uttarAdhikArI mahArAja vizanasiMha (1689-1700 I.) ke samaya meM dIvAna the, bar3e sAhasI aura yuddhavIra bhI the| lAlasoTa ke yuddha meM unhoMne vIragati pAyI thii| inake do putra the, rAmacandra aura phatahacanda, jI donoM hI apane samaya meM rAjya ke dIvAna hue / dIvAna rAmacandra chAbar3A - ballUzAha ke pautra aura dIvAna vimaladAsa chAbar3A ke putra rAmacandra chAbar3A sambhavatayA apane pitA kI mRtyu ke uparAnta 1690 I. ke lagabhaga hI rAjA vizanasiMha ke dIvAnoM meM martI ho gaye the aura usake uttarAdhikArI mahArAja savAI jayasiMha (1701-1743 I.) ke samaya meM to rAjya ke pradhAna amAtyoM meM se the| mahArAja ke vaha dAhine hAtha sarIkhe the| rAjanIti evaM zAsana prabandha meM ati dakSa hone ke sAtha-sAtha vaha bhArI yuddhavIra, kuzala senAnI aura svAbhimAnI the / jayapura ke jayasiMha aura jodhapura ke ajItasiMha paraspara sAle -bahanoI the| dillI kI gaddI ke lie hue uttarAdhikAra yuddha meM ina donoM rAjAoM ne zAhajAdA Ajama kA pakSa liyA thaa| ataeva samrAT banane para bahAdurazAha (1707-12 I.) ne donoM rAjyoM para car3hAI karake unheM vijaya kara liyA aura khAlasA ghoSita kara diyaa| donoM sajA bhAgakara udayapura cale gye| jayasiMha ke sAtha usake dIvAna rAmacandra bhI the| udayapuravAloM kI koI vyaMgyokti sunakara vaha akele jayapura ke lie cala pdd'e| senA ekatra kI aura chalabala -kauzala se mugaloM ke pratinidhi saiyada husaina alI ko apane uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya : 337

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rAjya se mAra bhagAyA aura Amera para adhikAra kara liyaa| cAhate to svayaM rAjA bana jAte, kintu svAmibhakta the, Amerapati jayasiMha ko udayapura se bulAkara unakA rAjya unheM sauMpa diyaa| isapara bAdazAha ruSTa ho gayA aura dillI darabAra meM jayasiMha ko kSamA kara dene kI kAryavAhI cala rahI thI, yaha sthagita kara dI gayI tathA mahArAja ko Adeza diyA gayA ki dIvAna ko turanta apanI sevA se haTA deN| mahArAja ne svabhAvatayA yaha zarta svIkAra nahIM kI aura 1239 I. taka sambhavatayA apanI mRtyuparyanta rAmacandra apane pada para bane rhe| unhoMne apane mahArAja ke Adeza para jodhapura se bhI zAhI senA ko mAra bhagAyA aura ajItasiMha ko usake rAjya para punaH pratiSThita kara diyaa| ye ghaTanAe~ 1707-1708 I. kI haiN| jaba saoNbhara pradeza ke adhikAra ko lekara jayapura aura jodhapura rAjyoM meM vivAda huA to usakA nipaTArA karane ke lie donoM rAjAoM ne dauvAna rAmacandra ko hI paMca banAyA aura unhoMne sA~bhara kA AdhA-AdhA bhAga donoM ko dene kA nirNaya diyaa| isa sevA ke upalakSya meM dIvAna ko bhI sA~bhara se prApta namaka kA eka bhAga vArSika milatA rhaa| isa jhagar3e ke pUrva sA~bhara kSetra para bhI mug2aloM ne adhikAra kara liyA thA aura rAmacandra chAbar3A ne unake caMgula se use nikAlA / " apane mahArAja para bAdazAha ko prasanna karane meM bhI vaha sahAyaka hue| unake sAtha svayaM dillI gaye aura jaba bAdazAha ne mahArAja ko mAlavA kI sUbedArI dI to yahA~ bhI unake yahA~ bhI unake sAtha gye| dIvAna rAmacandra aneka yuddhoM meM sammilita hue the| vaha dUdvAre (Amera) rAjya kI Dhola bhI kahalAte the| mahArAja ne unheM aneka jAgIreM pradAna kI thiiN| inake viSaya meM kahA jAtA thA ki yaha Ter3he ko sIdhA aura sIdhe ko nihAla kara dete the| vaha ghara ke, pRthvI ke aura prajA ke rakSaka the aura mahArAja jayasiMha kahate the ki rAmacandra tU hI saccA dIvAna hai| ye dharmAnurAgI bhI the| sAhIvAr3a kA jinamandira, ujjaina kI naziyA~ aura dillI meM jayasiMhapure kA jainamandira inhIM dIvAna rAmacandra ke banavAye hue haiN| antima nirmANa 1724 I. meM huA aura yaha 'mahAvIra caityAlaya' kahalAtA thA / phatahacanda chAbar3A - dIvAna rAmacandra chAbar3A ke choTe bhAI the aura dhArmika vRtti ke sajjana the| unhoMne 1708 I. se 1724 I. taka mahArAja jayasiMha ke hI zAsana meM dIvAnagirI kI thii| kizanacandra chAbar3A - dIvAna rAmacandra chAbar3A ke putra the / inheM 1710 I. meM hI kisI vizeSa rAjyasevA ke upalakSya meM 100 bIghA bhUmi rAjya se prApta huii| yaha bhI apane samaya meM rAjya ke dIvAnoM meM se the| inakI mRtyu 1758 I. meM huI thii| inake putra dIvAna bhIvacanda chAbar3A the| rAva jagarAma pANDyA - 1717 I. se 1733 I. taka mahArAja savAI jayasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| jayapura pradeza ke kasvA cATasU ke saMsthApaka 536 : pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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inhIM ke pUrvaja caudharo cAdamala rahe batAye jAte haiN| sava jagarAma bar3e dhanI-mAnI vyakti the| mugala darabAra meM bhI inakI paryApta pahu~ca thii| rAva kRpArAma pANDyA -rAvajagarAma pANDyA ke suyogya putra the aura atyanta prabhAvazAlI, zAnti evaM vaibhavasampanna rAjapuruSa the| mahArAja savAI jayasiMha kI sabhA ke navaratnoM meM se yaha eka the| mahArAja inakA bahuta sammAna karate the| inakA dIvAna-kAla 1723 I. se 1799 I. taka rahA, kintu usake uparAnta bhI kaI varSoM taka vaha rAjya kI sevA meM rahate rhe| apane mahArAja ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM yaha bahudhA dillI darabAra meM rahate the aura yahA~ bAdazAha muhammadazAha ra~gIle ke zataraMja ke sAthI the| aneka rAje-mahArAje inake sAmane khar3e rahate the aura apane kAryoM ke lie rAvajI se hI bAdazAha ke hatara meM siphArizeM karane kI prArthanA kiyA karate the| vibhinna umarAva yaha dhyAna rakhate the ki kahIM sabajI unase ruSTa na ho jaaeN| karnala TADa ke anusAra inheM bAdazAha se chaha-hajArI manasaba prApta huA thA aura yaha zAhI koSAdhyakSa kA pada bhI saMbhAlate the| mahArAja dvArA jayapura mahAnagarI ke nirmANa meM rAvajI ne svayaM karor3oM rupaye kI sahAyatA dI thii| jaba rAvajI kI kanyA kA vivAha mAdhopura ke nagara seThoM ke yahA~ huA to svayaM mahAsata ne kanyAdAna diyA thA / hathalevA hur3Ane meM do rupaye dene kI prathA rAbajI ne hI nirdhArita kI thI jo jayapura kI jaina samAja meM aba taka calI AtI hai| mAhI marAtiba bhI o jayapura nareza kI savArI meM lagate the, rAvajI ko bhI prApta the, kintu unhoMne va mahArAja ko hI bheMTa kara diye the| mahArAja ke bhAI vijayasiMha ne jaba mahArAja ke viruddha rAjya hathiyAne kA SaDyantra kiyA to rAvajI ne hI mahArAja ko samaya se saceta kara diyA thaa| isa prakAra rAva kRpArAma rAjya ke kuzala dIvAna aura mantrI hI nahIM, bar3e pratibhAzAlI, prabhAvazAlI, vaibhavazAlI aura pUrNatayA svAmibhakta tathA dhArmika vRtti ke, atyanpradAyika evaM udAra vicAroMyAle mahAnubhAva aura bhArI nirmAtA bhI the| unhoMne jayapura ke cAkasU cauka meM sthita vizAla jainamandira, apanI sAta caukoMvAlI havelI meM do caityAlaya, galatA kI pahAr3I kA prasiddha sUrya-mandira tathA anya aneka sUrya-mandira banavAye the| mahArAja kI bhA~ti vaha bhI jyotirvijJAna ke premI rahe lagate haiN| unakA svargavAsa 1747 I. meM huaa| rAba kRpArAma ke koI putra nahIM thaa| ataeva inakA antyeSTi saMskAra (kriyAkarma) Adi unake choTe bhAI phataharAma pANDyA ne kiyA thaa| eka anya bhAI bhagatarAma pANDacA the| phataharAma pANyA --rAva kRpArAma ke choTe bhAI the aura 1793 I. se 1756 I. taka jayapura rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| pahale savAI jayasiMha ke tadanantara unake uttarAdhikAriyoM-IzvarIsiMha aura mAdhosiMha ke rAjyakAlI meM / san 1757 I. meM unheM jayapura rAjya kA vakIla banAkara dillI darabAra meM bhejA gyaa| rAjya kI ora se unheM kaI gA~va jAgora meM mile the aura cAra hajAra rupaye vArSika vetana milatA thaa| uttara madhyakAla ke zAsapUta rAjya :: 389

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bhagatarAma pAhatA bhI saba kRpArAma aura phatAha ke sahodara the. 1. vaha 1.7355 I. se 1743 I. saka rAjya ke dIvAna rahe aura apane bhAiyoM kI bhAti rAjya kI sevA kii| vijayarAma chAbar3A-tolUrAma ke putra the, isalie vijayarAma tolakA bhI kahalAte the| inake vaMzajoM kA bhI tolUkA' bauMka par3a gyaa| yaha bhI savAI jayasiMha ke eka dIvAna the| mahArAja ko eka bahana kI dillI ke bAdazAha ne mA~ga kI, kintu vijayarAma kI caturAI se vaha khudI ke hAr3A rAjA budhasiMha ke sAtha cupake se vivAha dI gyii| jayasiMha usa samaya dillI meM the| bAdazAha unase tathA budhasiMha donoM se ruSTa ho gayA, kintu raNayA~kurA hADAcIra DarA nhiiN| vijayarAma to sAhasI aura dIra the hii| bAdazAha kI eka na clii| mahArAja ne vijayarAma kI sthAmibhakti se prasanna hokara unheM eka tAmrapatra diyA jisameM likhA thA, "tumheM zAbAzI hai, tumane kahavAhoM ke dharma kI rakSA kI hai, vaha rAjyavaMza tumase kabhI uRNa nahIM ho sakatA aura jo pAegA tumhAre sAtha bauTakara khaaegaa|' kizoradAsa mahAjana. dausA nivAsI chAbar3A gotro khaNDelavAla jaina the| yAha 1692 I. se 1722 I. taka jayapura rAjya ke dIyAna the| ___ tArAcandra bilAlA-kezavadAsa bilAlA ke putra the aura savAI jayasiMha ke samaya meM 1716 I. se 1798 I. taka ke dIvAna rahe the| jayapura nagara kA lUNakaraNa pANDavAvAlA mandira inhIM kA banavAyA huA hai| inakI apanI vizAla havelI pacevaravAloM ke rAste meM thii| inhoMne caturdazIvrata karake usake samApanArtha bhaTTAraka vidyAnandi ke ziSya paNDita akSayarAma se 1748 I. meM 'caturdazI vratodyApana' nAmaka saMskRta pustaka likhavAyI thii| nainasukha chAbar3A-dausA nivAsI chAbar3AgotrI khaNDelavAla the aura terahapaMtha AmnAya ke anuyAyI evaM bar3I dhArSika pravRtti ke sajjana the| dIkhA, lAlasoTa, yasabA, cAkasU, ToMka, mAlapurA phAgo, Amera Adi kaI sthAnoM meM inhoMne jinamandira banavAye the| yaha 1712-1719 I. meM rAjya ke dIvAna the| zrIcanda chAbar3A-nainasukha chAbar3A ke bhAI the aura 1713-14 I. meM rAjya ke dIvAna the| kanIrAma vaida-kaThamAnA grAma nivAsI khemakaraNa ba~da ke putra the aura 1750 I. se 1763 I. taka jayapura rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| jayapura meM manIrAmajI kI koThI ke sAmane sthita mandira tathA kaThamAnA kA vizAla jinamandira inhIM ke banavAye hue haiN| inake bhAI kIratasama meM kaThamAnA ke nikaTa soDA mApa meM eka jinnamandira banavAyA thaa| kesarIsiMha kAsalIvAla- yaha 1732 I. meM rAjya meM eka sAmAnya pada para sthita hue aura zanaiH-zanaiH unnati karake 1756 I. se 176) I. taka dIvAna ke pada 5.mA :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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- para pratiSTita rhe| jayapura kA saMgamaramara meM karAI zilpa ke lie vikhyAta siramAriyoM kA jinamandira inhIM kA banavAyA huA hai| isa mandira kA zilAnyAsa svayaM jayapura nareza mAdhosiMha ne 1756 I. meM kiyA thA aura rAjya ke yogadAna ke rUpa meM POKAR rupaye usake nirmANa ke lie bhI pradAna kiye the| daulatarAma kAsalIvAla-jayapura rAjya ke besarvA bhagara ke nivAsI aura sAha AnandarAma kAsalIvAla ke putra the / yaha uccazikSita, vidhAvyasanI, bhArI sAhityakAra, sAtha hI nItiphTu aura rAjyakAryakuzala the| mahArAja savAI jayasiMha ne 1720 I. ke kucha pUrva hI unheM rAjyasevA meM niyukta kara liyA pratIta hotA hai aura kisI rAjya kArya se hI unheM AgarA bhejA thA, jahA~ inheM abarA ke bhUdharamalla, hemarAja, RSabhadAsa Adi jaina vidvAnoM ke satsaMga kA lAbha bhI milA aura vahIM usI varSa inhoMne 'puNyAlaya kathAkoza' kI racanA kI thii| tadanantara kaI varSa yaha yuvarAja IzvarIsiMha ke abhibhAvaka evaM khAsadIvAna (mantrI yA saciva) tathA jayapura ke vakIla ke rUpa meM usake sAtha udayapura ke rANA jagatasiMha dvitIya ke darabAra meM rhe| vahIM unhoMne 1738 I. meM 'kriyAkoSa' kI racanA kI thii| bIca-bIca meM jayapura bhI Ate rahate the| mahArAja IzvarIsiMha ke rAjyakAla meM yaha usake eka dIvAna ke rUpa meM jayapura meM hI adhika rahe pratIta hote haiN| usI kAla meM unake 'AdipurANa', 'padmapurANa', 'harivaMzapurANa' Adi vizAla granyoM kI racanA huI lagatI hai| rAjyakArya se jitanA samaya bacatA thA vaha sAhitya sAdhanA meM hI lagAte the| IzvarIsiMha ke antima varSoM aura tadanantara mAdhosiMha ke rAjyakAla meM kaI varSa yaha jayapura rAjya ke pratinidhi (vakIla) ke rUpa meM udayapura darabAra meM rahe, jahA~ seTa belAjI kI preraNA se inhoMne "vasunandi zrAvakAcAra' kI bhASA-TIkA likhI thI, jisakI prathama pratiyA 1751 I. meM udayapura meM hI vahA~ ke seTha kAluvAlAla aura seTa sukhajI kI viduSI paliyA~ moThIbAI evaM rAjanAI ne apane hAtha se likhI thiiN| rAjA pRthvIrAja siMha ke samaya meM 1770 I. ke lagabhaga rAjya kI sAdhika 50 varSa nirantara sevA karane ke pazyAtU, inhoMne rAjyasevA se avakAza le liyA lagatA hai| inakI antima racanA 1772 I. kI hai, jisake kucha samaya pazcAt inakA svargavAsa ho gayA lagatA hai| mantrIvara daulatarAma kAsalIvAla kA apane samakAlIna jayapura ke dIvAnoM ke sAtha prAyaH sauhArda rahA, vizeSakara dharmapremI dIvAna ratanacandra sAha (175668 I.) kA to apane granthoM meM ullekha bhI kiyA hai| eka dharmajJa vidvAna ke rUpa meM daulatarAma paNDitapravara ToDaramallajI kA bar3A Adara karate the aura mAI rAyamalla to unake kaI granthoM ke praNayana meM preraka rahe the| rAjA aura prajA meM unakI pratiSThA thI hI, rAja-parivAra meM Ate-jAte the aura 'paNDitarAva' kahalAse the| isa sabake atirikta hindI gadya ke vikAsa meM paNDita daulatarAma kAsalIvAla kA abhUtapUrva yogadAna hai| uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta samya :: 341

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isa yuga meM jayapura rAjya meM anya aneka vyaktiyoM meM bhI vividha dharma-kArya kiye the, yathA-mAlapurA meM 4598 I. meM bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti kI AmnAya ke gargagotrI agravAla seTha sAmA ne apanI putrI nagInA ke vrata udhApanArtha SoDazakAraNa yantra pratiSThApita kiyA thA, 1601 I. meM candrakIrti kI AmnAya ke sahagotrI khaNDelavAla seTha gaMgarAja ne pArzva-pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thI, 1669 I. meM guNabhadra kI AmnAtha ke jaisavAla jAtIya carugavaMzI pradhAna narAyaNa ke putra saMghahI dalapata ne samyagjJAna yantra pratiSThApita kiyA thA aura 1694 I. meM ralakIrti kI AmnAya ke ThosthAgotrI khaNDelavAla sAha dAmodara ke putra sAha jesA me paM, vIradAsa ke upadeza se dhAtu kI AdinAtha-pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thii| isI prakAra jobanera ke rAjA vijayasiMha ke rAjya meM aura 1722 I. meM... rAyakurusiMha ke rAjya meM, bilAlA gotrI khaNDalavAla sAha naMga ke putra siMghaI malajIta ne paM. dayArAma ke upadeza se dhAtu kI cauvIsI pratiSThita karAyI thii| 1570 I. meM sAgavAr3A nivAsI kasalezvara gotrI humar3a sAha mANika ne saparivAra svaguru bhaTTAraka sumatikIrti ke upadeza se dhAtu kI caubIsI pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thI, ityaadi| :24 dakSiNa bhArata ke rAjya vijayanagara ke uttaravartI rAje-1563 I. maiM tAlikoTA ke yuddha meM samarAjA kI parAjaya aura mRtyu tathA vijayanagara kA vidhvaMsa ho jAne ke pazcAta usake vaMzaja apane sImita pradeza (premagoMDA) para candragiri se rAjya karane lage the| inameM prathama rAjA tirumala thaa| tadanantara raMgarAya prathama (1573-85 I.), veMkaTa prathama (15861617 I.), kaTa dvitIya (1617-41 I.), raMgarAya dvitIya (1642-84 I.) ityAdi rAjA kramazaH hue| ballamarAjadeva-mahAArasu-raMgarAya prathama ke mahAmaNDalezvara zrIpatirAja kA pautra aura rAjayadeva-mahAaratu kA patra kumAra ballabharAjadeva-mahAaratu 1578 I. magaranADa kA zAsaka thA / usane heyAre kI basadi (jinamandira) ke 'mAnya' kI punaH sthApanA ke lie usa varSa eka dAnazAsana jArI kiyA thA aura ukta basadi ke lie kucha bhUmiyA~ tathA anya dAna diye the| yaha dAna usane govinda seTTi nAmaka jaina seTha kI preraNA se diye the| bommaNa zreSThi-penugoMDA ke mahArAja baiMkaTa prathama ke adhInastha Araga ke zAsaka veMkaTAdi-nAyaka kA Azrita bommaza-hegar3e muttUra kA zAsaka thaa| usake ilAke ke melige nagara nivAsI vaNikamukhya vardhamAna aura usakI patnI nemAmyA kA putra hompaNazreSTi thA, jisane 1608 I. meM vahIM eka bhavya jinAlaya chanavAkara usameM ananta jina kI pratiSThApanA kI thI aura mandira ke lie dAna diye the| yaha seTha 342 : pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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jinendra ke caraNa-kamaloM kA bhramara, satya-zauca-guNAnvita, dhArmikAnaNI thA aura vidyAnanda muni kA ziSya thA / svayaM usake paTumaNa, candana, mANika Adi pA~ca suyogya zreSTi putra the| rASa-karaNika devarasa-veMkaTa dvitIya ke isa mahAlekhAkAra ne 1630 I. ke lagabhaga maleyUra parvata kI pArzvanAtha-basadi ke toraNoM kA jIyoddhAra karAke usa para jinamuniyoM ke bimba sthApita kiye aura apane pitA candapa kI smRti meM vahA~ eka dIpastambha banavAyA thaa| kArakala ke bhairarasa rAje tuludezastha kArakala jainadharma kA eka pramukha kendra rahatA AyA thA aura usake bhairarasavaMzI rAjAoM kA kuladharma, rAjyadharma aura bahudhA vyaktimata dharbha bhI jainadharma hI rahA / tatkAlIna nareza, sambhavatayA bhairava dvitIya ne aura rAjya ke jaina nAgarikoM... ne 1879 I. meM kArakala meM eka jaina vidyApITha kI sthApanA kI thI aura usameM adhyayana karanevAle chAtroM ke lie aneka vRttiyoM pradAna kI gayI thI, jinakA vicArakartA kArakala ke tatkAlIna paTTAdhIza bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti ko banAyA gayA thaa| isI rAja ke bhairava dvitIya ne jise bhairavendra, bhairarasayoDeya aura imaDi-bhairarasa-ghoDeya bhI kahA gayA hai aura bhairava prathama (bhairavarAja) kA bhAmamA evaM uttarAdhikArI thA, 1586 I. meM kArakala kI prasiddha gompaTadeza pratimA ke sAmanevAlI pahAr3I thiyakaTTa para eka bhavya evaM vizAla mandira banavAyA thA jo ralatraya, sarvatobhadra yA caturmukha-basadi aura tribhuvanatilaka jinavatyAlaya khlaayaa| mandira meM cAroM ora tIna mukhya dvAroM kI dizAoM meM tIrthakara aranAtha, mallinAtha aura munisuvratanAtha kI pratimAe~ virAjamAna kI gayIM aura pazcima dizA meM caubIsI tIrthaMkaroM kI, unakI yakSa-yakSiNiyoM sahita sthApanA kI gyii| rAjA me yaha dharmakArya svaguru lalitakIrti punIndra ke upadeza se kiyA thA, jo dezIgaNa ke panasoge zAkhA ke AcArya the aura kArakata kI bhaTTArakIya gaddI para virAjate the| mandira meM nitya pUjA karane ke lie sthAnikoM (pujAriyoM) ke 14 parivAra niyukta kiye gaye, pAlI aura nAyaka (gandharva) bhI niyukta kiye gye| mandira meM nivAsa karanevAle brahmacAriyoM ko zItanivAraNArtha kambala, nitya bhojana tathA Avazyaka sAmagrI dene kI bhI vyavasthA thii| eladartha rAjA meM bhUmi Adi kA prabhUta dAna diyA thA, jisase saba vyavasthA sucArU rUpa se clii| somavaMzI kAzyapagotrI jinadattarAya (prAcIna sAntaravaMza saMsthApaka) ke vaMza meM utpanna, mairarasayoDeyara (bhairava prathama) kI bahana gummaTAvA aura dIranarasiMha-vaganarendra kA yaha kuladIpaka, priyapatra immaDibhairarasa-voDeyara (bhairava dvitIya) apane zatruoM kA damana karanevAlA, samyaktyAdi aneka guNagANAlaMkRta aura jinagandhodaka-pavitrIkRtotamAMga dhaa| apane abhyudaya evaM niHzreyasarUpa lakSmI evaM sukha kI prApti ke lie usane yaha uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta sajya :: 345

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dharmakArya kiyA thaa| pUrva kAla meM pApaJcarAya ne yahA~ gommaTeza kI vizAla mUrti pratiSThApita kI thI, isalie kArakala pAgaDyanagarI bhI kahalAtA thaa| rAjA bhairava dvitIya ne uparyukta mandira banavAne aura dAma dene ke sAtha hI sAtha bar3e rAja mahala ke prAMgaNa meM sthita candranAtha-basadi tathA govardhanagiri para sthita pArzvanAtha-basadi meM nityapUjana ke hetu bhI uttama vyavasthA kara dI thii| __1591 I. meM kinniga 'bhUpAla nAmaka yuvarAja ne kannae prAnta meM sthita eka jinAlaya ke lie bhUmidAna diyA thaa| yaha yuvag2az2a sambhayatayA tamilanAra ke kisI rAjyavaMza kA thaa| 1549 I. meM sambhayatayA kArakala ke usI bhairava dvitIya ke sAmanta pApamaya nAyaka aura usake bhAI derenAyaka ne kompa' nAmaka sthAna meM sAdhana-caityAlaya nAma kA pArvamandira banavAyA thA aura usake lie una donoM bhAiyoM meM tathA rAjA bhairava dvitIya aura usake ukta uttarAdhikArI pANDyavoDeyara ne bhI bhUmidAna dive the| vanUra kA jilavaza :.. Tea m __ tuludeza ke dhenUra, (veNaru) nagara meM rAjya karanevAle isa somakulI rAjya baMza kA saMsthApaka timmaNa ajita prathama (lagabhaga ! 154-80 I.) thaa| mUlataH vaha pazcimI ghATavatI gaMgADi kA nivAsI aura sambhavalayA gaMgavaMza meM hI utpanna huA thaa| ajila rAje svayaM ko gommaTeza pratiSThApaka prasiddha maMga senApati cAmuNDAya kA vAja batAte haiM, kintu govinda pai-jaise itihAsakAroM kA mata hai ki ajila rAjAoM kA pUrva puruSa cAmuNDarAya banavAsI ke kadambAza kA koI rAjakumAra thA / ajilavaMza meM mAmA se bhAnaje ko uttarAdhikAra calAtA thA aura prArambha se prAyaH anta taka usameM jainadharma kI pravRtti rhii| ajita prathama kA uttarAdhikArI usakA bhAnajA gayakumAra prathama (1186-1204 I.) thaa| aneka rAjAoM ke hone ke uparAnta rAyakumAra dvitIya huaa| usakI mRtyu 1550 I. meM huI aura usakA usarAdhikArI usakA bhAnajA vIra timmarAja ajita caturtha (1550-1830 I.) huA so usakA jAmAtA bhI thaa| usakI jananI kA nAma pAiya devi aura pitA kA pANDya bhUpatti thaa| isa vIra, pratApI, udAra evaM dharmAtmA rAjA ne apanI rAjadhAnI benUra meM kArkala jaisI hI eka vizAla gommaTeza-pratimA ke nirmANa kA vicAra kiyA aura rAjadhAnI ke nikaTastha kalyANI grAma meM mUrti kA nirmANa kArya bhI prArambha ho gyaa| kArakala ke tatkAlIna nareza immati bhairavarAya ko IrSyA huI aura usane socA ki isa mUrsi kI sthApamA se benUra kI pratiSThA kArakala se bhI adhika ho jAegI, ataeva usane timmarAja se apane saMkalpa ko tyAga dene ke lie kahA 1 timmarAja ne yaha bAta svIkAra nahIM kI to bhairava ne timmarAja para car3hAI kara dii| donoM meM tumala yuddha huA, jisameM vIra limmarAja hI vijayI huaa| mUrti ko surakSA ke lie limmarAja ne yuddha meM jAne se pUrva use 344 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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phAlA nadI ke rela meM gahare dabavA diyaa| use yaha mamona, sulakSaNa 3 phuTa uttuMga, khaDgAsana bhagavAn gomaTeza kI pratimA prANoM se adhika priya thii| vipula draSya vyaya karake atyanta kuzala mUrtikAra zilpiyoM se usakA nirmANa karAyA thA zravaNabelagola ke pIThAcArya ghAtakIrti mahArAja kA AzIvAda use prApta thaa| unhIM ke upadeza se usane yaha zubha saMkalpa kiyA thaa| antataH vIra timmarAja kA svapna sAkAra huA aura 1504 I. kI mArca mAsa kI prathama tithi, guruvAra ko madhyAhna kAla meM cenUra ke suprasiddha gommaTeza bAharvAla kI pratiSThApanA ghar3e samArohapUrvaka huii| yaha kATaka kI tIsarI vizAla bAhubali mUrti hai| mommaTeza mUrti ke sAmanevAle dvAra ke donoM pAyoM meM do choTe mandira haiM, jo timAla kI do rAniyoM ne inavAye the| inameM se pUrva dizAvAlA candraprabha kA hai aura pazcima dizAmAlA zAntinAtha kA hai| mUrti ke pIche kI ora sar3aka ke usa pAra prAcIna pAzrva jinAlaya hai| venUra meM libharAja ke eka pUrvaja dvArA 1480 I. ke lagabhaga nirmita zAntIzvara-vasAda hai, jisake dAhine aura khAyeM do andha mandira haiN| dakSiNa ora bAlamandira tIrthakara-basadi kahalAtA hai| isameM caubIsoM tIrthakaroM kI pratimAe~ virAjamAna haiN| pUrA mandira pASANa nirmita hai aura usapara utkhanita mUkina dakSiNa kanArA pradeza meM sarvazreSTha mAne jAte haiN| isa mandira ke prAkAra ke sammukha eka sundara mAnastambha vidyamAna hai| timmarAja svayaM pratApI aura kuzala prazAsaka thA aura usake zAsanakAla meM rAjya kA prabhUta utkarSa huaa| dhenUra rAjya kA pradeza pujAlake bhI kahalAtA thaa| timmarAja ke pazcAt usakI bhAnajI madhurikAdevI gaddI para par3I aura usane 1610 se 1147 I. taka zAsana kiyaa| apane rAjyakAla meM usane, sambhavatayA 1654 I. meM, dhanUra ke gommadeza kA mahAmastakAbhiSeka mahotsaya kiyA thaa| isa avasara para bhI kArakala ke satkAlIna nareza ne virodha kiyA aura utsava ko rokane ke lie denUra para car3hAI kara dI, kintu apane pUrvaja kI bhA~ti use bhI viphala manoratha hokara lauTanA pdd'aa| tadanantara kaI anya zAsaka yenUra kI gAdI para kramaza: baiThe jinameM eka dharmAtmA rAnI padmalAdevI thii| san 1764 I. meM maisUra ke nayAva haidaraalI ne isa rAkya ko samApta karake usapara adhikAra kara liyA, kintu vaMza kA astisya thartamAna yuga taka calatA rhaa| isa vaMza ke kucha loga aMgareja sarakAra se varSAzana pAse rhe| maisUra ke oDeyara rAje karNATaka deza meM maisUra (mahizUra, sUra) kA oDeyara vaMza bhI prAcIna maMgavaMza kI hI eka zAkhA thI-ye rAje svayaM ko gommaTeza pratiSThApaka mahArAja cAmuNDarAya kA vaMzaja bhI batAte haiN| prArambha meM yaha choTA-sA hI rAjya thA aura prAyaH pUrNatayA jainadharma kA anuyAyI thaa| kAlAntara meM rAjAoM dvArA zaiva-baiThaNayAdi hindUdharma aMgIkAra kara liye jAne para bhI maisUra ke rAje svayaM ko zravaNabelagola aura usake uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya :: 548

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gommaTeza ke rakSaka samajhate rahe, unhIM kI pUjA-bhakti bhI karate rahe aura anya prakAra bhI jainadharma evaM jainoM kA poSaNa karate rhe| 1609 I. ke lagabhaga zravaNabelagola meM somanAthapura nivAsI aura paNDitadeva ke ziSya kAzyapagotrI brAhmaNa senavo sAvana aura mahAdevI ke priya putra parama jinabhakta hiriyana ne gommaTasvAmI ke gharaNAravinda kI thamdanA karake muktipatha prApta kiyA thaa| sAmarAja oDeyara-maisUra nareza mahArAja oDeyara ne 1634 I. maiM belagola kI bhUmi ke cannama Adi vibhinna rahanadAroM ko bulAkara unase ukta bhUmi kI rahana se mukta karane ke lie ta bAlina rupamA svayaM rAjya se le lene ke lie kahA to una logoM ne vaha bhUmi binA kucha liye hI apane pUrvajoM ke puNya nimitta chor3a dii| isa dharmiSTha nareza ne ukta bhUmiyoM kA una rahanadAroM se punaH dAna karavAyA aura vaha zAsanAdeza jArI kara diyA ki jo koI sthAnaka (pujArI Adi) dAna sampatti ko rahana karegA aura jo mahAjana aisI sampatti para RNa degA, ve donoM hI samAja se bahiSkRta samajhe jAeMge, yaha ki jisa rAjA ke samaya meM bhI aisI ghaTanA ho vaha usakA tadanusAra nyAya karegA tathA isa zAsana kA ullaMghana karanevAlA mahApApa kA bhAgI homaa| 1678 I. meM paTTasami aura devI rambhA ke patra cennana ne zravaNabelagola ko vindhyagiri para samuddIzvara (candraprabha svAmI) kA maNDapa, eka kuMja (udyAna) aura dI sarovara banavAye the| agale varSa 1674 I. meM una sabake saMrakSaNa ke lie usane jinnona halligrAma bheMTa kara diyA thaa| devarAja oDeyara-maisUra nareza mahArAja devarAja oDeyara ne 1674 I. meM jaina sAdhuoM ko nitya AhAradAna dene ke lie khelamola ke cArUkIrti paNDitAcArya kI dAmazAlA ko madane nAmaka grAma kA dAna ziyA thaa| inhIM nareza ke dvArA pradatta bhUmi meM, senasaMgha ke dillI-kolhApura-jimakAMthI-penugoMDA siMhAsanAdhIza lakSmIsema bhaTTAraka ke upadeza se padumAyasehi ke pautra aura dodhAdaNaseSTi ke putra sakkarasehi ne belUra meM mahArAja kI anumatipUrvaka 1680 I. ke lagabhaga vimalanAca-caityAlaya banavAyA thaa| kRSNarAja oDeyara...ina dharmAtmA maisUra nareza ne zravaNabelagola Akara gommaTezvara bhagavAna ke bhaktipUrvaka darzana kiye aura harSavibhora ho isa puNya tIrtha ke saMrakSaNa, pUjotsava Adi ke lie belagola, arhanahalli, hosAhalli, jinanAthapura, vAstiyagrAma, rAcanahalli, uttanahalli, jinamahalli, koppala Adi ko dAna sAkSI pUrvaka diyaa| lekha meM dAna kI tithi zaka varSa 1621 (1699 I.) zobhakRta saMvatsara likhI hai, kintu kucha vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki yaha zaka varSa 1646 arthAt 1724 I. honA caahie| kRSNarAja ne belagola nagara kI, jo dakSiNakAzI bhI kahalAtA thA, vindhyAMgari para sthApita bhagavAna gommaTeza ke caraNakamaloM kI bhaktipUrvaka pUjA-vandanA 346 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura pahilAe~

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kI thI tathA isa sthAna ke anya mandiroM ke bhI darzana kiye the| isa nareza ne isa puNyatIrtha ko jo sanadeM dI thIM ve kAlAntara meM maisUra ke rAjAoM dvArA mAnya kI gyiiN| lagabhaga 1550 se 1750 I. ke madhya kI do zatAbdiyoM meM vibhinna varSo meM lagabhaga tIsa cAlIsa yAtrA saMghoM ke zravaNabelagola para Ane ke ullekha vahA~ ke zilAlekhoM meM prApta hote haiN| inameM se aneka yAtrI uttarabhArata ke rAjasthAna, uttara pradeza, madhyapradeza Adi sthAnoM se bhI Aye the| kaI bAra ye uttarabhAratIya saMgha apane bhaTTAraka guruoM ke netRtva meM paha 'Aya cha / OM uttara madhyakAla ke rAjapUta rAjya : 349

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Adhunika yuga : dezI rAjya (lagabhaga 1757 se 1947 I.) maisUra 1761-67 I. meM sajamantrI najarAja ke Azrita haidaraalI nAmaka sipAhI ne, jo bar3hate-bar3hate rAjya kA senApati bana gayA thA, maisUra rAjya para svayaM apanA adhikAra kara liyA thaa| usakA aura usake putra TIpU sultAna kA sArA jIvana a~garejoM ke sAtha yuddha karate hI biitaa| isa sultAnI rAjya ko 1801 I. meM a~garejoM ne samApta kiyA aura purAne rAjyavaMza ke rAjakumAra immaDi kRSNarAja oDeyara ko gaddI sauMpa dii| rAjya kI zakti, sampatti aura kSetra bhI sImita kara diye gaye the| dharmasthala ke jaina pramukha komAra hegaDe, ne isa nureza ke sammukha upasthita hokara pUrvavartI kRSNarAja oDebara kI sanada peza kI aura prArthanA kI ki jI grAmAdi pUrvakAla meM belagola kI dAnazAlA ke lie diye gaye the aura bIca ke antarAla meM balti kara liye gaye the, unake lie puna: sanada jArI kara dI jaae| astu, mArca 25, 1810 I. ke dina rAjamantrI parNiyA ne rAjA kI anumati se uparyukta Azaya kI navIna sanada jArI kara dii| isa nareza ke pautra aura zAmarAja ke putra kRSNarAja oDeyara ke samaya meM agasta 9, 1830 I. ko adhaNabelagola ke pIThAdhIza tatkAlIna thArukIrti paNDitAcArya ko rAjya kI ora se eka navIna vistRta sanada pradAna kI gayI, jisameM samasta pUrva pradatta bhUmiyoM, dAnoM Adi kI puSTi kI gayI thii| isI nareza ne 1828 I. ke lagabhaga zrIvatsagotrIya zAntapaNDita ke putra kI prArthanA para kelasUra ke jinamandira kA navInIkaraNa kiyA, use citrAMkanoM athavA bhitticitrAdi se sajjita kiyA aura usameM tIrthakara candraprabhu, vijayadeva (pAca) aura jyAlinIdevI kI pratimAe~ punaH pratiSThita karAyI thiiN| jaba yahI mareza maisUra ke apane ralajaTita siMhAsana para baiThA huA zAsana kara rahA thA to 1829 I. meM rAjya kA eka prasiddha gajarAja jaMgala meM bhAga gyaa| koI bhI use pakar3akara nahIM lA pA rahA thaa| taba jaina dharmAnuyAyI devanakoTe ke amaladAra zAntayya ke vIraputra devacanda ne yaha kArya sampAdana karake mahArAja se eka gA~va kI bhUmi puraskArasvarUpa prApta kI thii| 348 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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rAjA devarAja arasu-cAmuNDAya ke vaMzaja, kAzyapagotrI, lilikare ke anantarAja arasu (rAjA) ke prapautra, toTa ke rAja devarAja ke pautra aura satyamaMgala ke zAsaka haluvaiarasu ke putra lathA maisUra nareza mahArAja (imaDi) kRSNarAja or3eyara ke pradhAna aMgarakSaka yaha rAjA devarAja arasa durdharSa saparavijayI, udbhaTa sabhA-vijetA, vidyArasika, vidvAna, dharmajJa, sadAcArI, dharmAtmA aura rAjyamAnya vIra the| jIvana ke antima varSoM meM vaha rAjyasevA se avakAza lekara zravaNabelagola meM bhamayAna gompaTeza ke caraNoM meM rahane lage the| vahIM unhoMne apane prasiddha dArzanika grantha 'AtmatatyaparIkSaNa' kI saMskRta bhASA meM racanA kI thI aura usI puNya bhUmi meM zaka 1748 sam 18246 I. kI phAlguna kRSNa paMcamI ravivAra ke dina, jabaki gommaTasvAmI kA dvAdazavarSIya mahAmastakAbhiSeka ho rahA thA, vaha svargastha hue| isa upalakSya meM unake putra puTTa devarAja arasu ne gommaTasvAmI kI vArSika pAdapUjA ke lie eka sau bAraha (svarNamudrA) bheMTa kI thii| gommaTasvAmI ke Avadhika mahAmastakAbhiSeka ko maisUra ke rAje sadaiva se apanA eka mahAna rAjakIya utsava evaM melA mAnate rahe haiN| isameM bahudhA svayaM bhI upasthita hae haiM aura rAjya kI ora se sarva prakAra sahayoga-sahAyatA, suvidhA Adi to prApta hote hI rahe hai| mahArAnI rambhA--pUrvokta maisara nareza kRSNarAja ke patra evaM uttarAdhikArI mahArAja cAmarAja kI mahiSI thii| vaha bar3I viduSI, itihAsa kI rasika, vidvAnoM kI prazrayadAtA aura jainadharma kI poSaka thii| paNDila devacandra ne apanA prasiddha itihAsa grantha 'rAjAthalikathe' isI mahArAnI ko 1841 I. meM samarpita kiyA thaa| devacandra paNDita-1vIM zatI ke pUrvArdha meM maisUra rAjya ke prasiddha vidvAn jaina paNDita the| itihAsa inakA priya viSaya thaa| yaha rAjya meM karaNika (lekhAdhikArI yA ekAuNTeNTa) ke pada para pratiSTita the| inake pitAdhA kA nAma bhI devacandra thA aura pitA kA nAma devappa thaa| padmarAja aura candapArya inake do sahodara the| devandra paNDita kamakapura (maleyUra) ke nivAsI the aura kanakagiri ke bhagavAna pArzvanAtha inake kuladevatA the| a~gareja vidvAna karnala mekenjI jaba 1804 I. meM lakSmaNarAva ke sAtha kanakagiri kA sarvekSaNa karane AyA thA to yaha devacandra usake samparka meM Aye aura unhoMne karnala ko svaracita 'pUjyapAdacarite' kI prati meMTa kii| vaha inakI vidvattA evaM bahuvijJatA se itanA prabhAvita huA ki usane sajA se unheM apane sahayogI evaM sahAyaka ke rUpa meM mAMga liyaa| ataH itihAsa meM yaha 'karnala maikejI ke paNDita' ke nAma se prasiddha hue| suprasiddha 'mekenjI kalekzansa' (mekenjI saMgraha) ke saMkalana evaM nirmANa meM inakA prabhUta yogadAna thA, prAyaH vaisA hI jaisA ki usI kAla meM rAjasthAna meM karnala jemsaTADa ke sahAyaka jaina yati jJAnacanda kA thaa| inhIM devacandra ne 1838 I. meM apanI janmabhUmi paleyara meM pavitra karakagiri pahAr3I sthita candraprabhavaladi ke pazcima ora kI zilA para apane pUrvajoM kI vaMzAvalI utkIrNa Adhunika yuga : dezI rAjya :: 349

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karAyI thii| maisUra nareza mummuDi kRSNArAja oDeyara ke Azrita vaidhasUri paNDita kI preraNA se inhoMne kannar3I bhASA kA apanA prasiddha itihAsa grantha 'rAjAvaliko likhanA prArambha kiyA aura 1841 I. meM mahArAnI rambhA ko samarpita kiyA thA / dakSiNa deza meM pracalita zaka saMkta ko vikrama saMvatta mAnakara mahAvIra nirvANa saMstu ke varSoM meM 195 kI vRddhi karanevAlI mAnyatA ke pramukha poSakoM meM yaha devacandra paNDita bhI ___E856 I. meM zravaNabelagola ke mana meM maThAdhIza cAsakIrti zurU ke antevAsI sanmati sAgara varNI ne dharaNendra zAstrI dvArA tIrthaMkara anantanAtha kI manojJa pratimA pratiSThita kasaSI thI, jaisA ki ukta pratimA ke prabhAmaNDala kI pITha para aMkita lekha se prakaTa hai| ukta varNIkhI ne 1858 I. meM taMjonivAsI zrAvakoM AdinAtha evaM gopAla se bAhubali kI eka pratimA, vahIM ke zrAvaka perumAla se paMcaparameSTi kI pratimA, zrAvaka zantiramA se caudaha tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAe~ Adi pratiSThita karAyI thii| kumAra vIrappa-painagoMDA ke senasaMghAcArya lakSmIsena ke gRhastha-zidhva, yidagUra ke pahaNaseTTi (nagaraseTha) vIrappa kA pautra aura annapya seTha kA putra kumAra vIrappa hajUra-motIkhAne (bhaisUramareza ke muktAbhaNDAra) kA adhyakSa thaa| usakA choTA bhAI timmappa thaa| ina donoM bhAiyoM ne 187 I. meM zAligrAma meM eka navIna jinAlaya banavAkara usameM bhagavAna anantanAtha kI pratiSThApanA kI thii| udayapura (mevAr3a) behatA agaracanda bacchAvata mevADoddhAraka bhAmAzAha bIkAnera ke prasiddha mantrI karmacanda bacchAvata ke samadhI the| unakI putrI karmacanda ke eka putra ke sAtha kviAhI thiiN| jaba bIkAnera meM baccAyatoM kA saMhAra huA to vaha apane mAyake udayapura meM thI aura usake putra bhojarAja kI patnI apane mAyake kizanagar3ha meM thii| bhojarAja kA putra bhANa thA jo apanI pitAmbahI ke pAsa udayapura calA aayaa| usakA putra jIvarAja huA jisakA putra lAlacanda thaa| isakA prapautra pRthvIrAja huA jisake agaracanda aura haMsarAja nAma ke do putra hue| yaha donoM bhAI udayapurarAjya meM utha padoM para pratiSThita hue| rANA arisiMha dvitIya ne ayaracanda bahAvala ko mANDalagar3ha kA durgapAla tathA usa pile kA zAsanAdhikArI bhI niyukta kiyA 1 usake vaMzaja bhI usa mahatvapUrNa durga ke kramAgata kiledAra hote rhe| kintu vaha svayaM ukta pada se umnati karate-karate rANA kA eka pramukha mantrI bana gayA / sindhiyA ke sAtha hue rANA ke yuddha meM agaracanda ne bhAga liyA, ghAyala huA aura marAThoM ke hAthoM bandI huA, kintu apane hitU bAvarI logoM kI caturAI se usa kaida se nikala bhaagaa| sindhiyA ne jaba udayapura kA gherA DAlA taba bhI vaha rANA ke sAtha yuddha meM sabase Age thaa| $50 :: pramurata aitipasika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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anya aneka yuddhoM meM usane bhAga liyA aura apanI zUravIratA kA paricaya diyaa| arisiMha dvitIya ke uttarAdhikArI rANA hamIrasiMha dvitIya ke rAjyakAla meM Antarika evaM bAhya donoM prakAra ke saMkaToM ke bIca rAjya kI paristhiti bar3I vikaTa ho gayI thii| usake sa~bhAlane meM aMgaracanda bacchAvata kA prazaMsanIya yoga rhaa| hamIrasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI rANA bhImasiMha ke samaya meM to vaha rAjya kA pradhAna bana gayA thaa| lagabhaga AdhI zatI paryanta rAjya kI aura usake tIna narezoM kI niSThApUrvaka sevA karake acchI vRddhAvasthA meM yaha kuzala rAjanItijJa, pracaNDa buddhavIra aura svAmibhakta rAjapuruSa 1800 I. meM svargastha huaa| kahate haiM ki mRtyu ke kucha pUrva usake putra devIcanda ne apane rahane ke lie eka sundara AlIzAna mahala banavAnA zurU kiyA thaa| mehatA ko jaba yaha sUcanA milI to turanta putra ko patra likhA ki "beTA sacce zUravIra to raNa kSetra meM krIr3A kiyA karate haiM, vahIM zayana karate haiM, taba tumane yaha viparIta mArga kyoM apanAyA? kyA tumhAre hRdaya meM apane vIra pUrvajoM kI bhA~ti jIne aura marane kI hausa nahIM hai? yadi tuma unakA anukaraNa karanA cAhate ho aura svadeza kI pratiSThA banAye rakhane ke icchuka ho to isa mahala kA tyAga kara do| ghor3e kI pITha para baiThe-baiThe roTI khAsa aura nIMda Aye to ghor3e kI jIna para hI sone kI Adata DAlo, tabhI tuma apanI kIrti kI rakSA kara skoge| hamAre purakhoM kA purAtana kAla se yahI DhaMga rahatA calA AyA hai aisA udbodhana eka saccA karmaTha vIrapuruSa hI de sakatA hai| mehatA devIcanda - agaracanda bacchAvata kA jyeSTha putra thA aura usakI mRtyu ke uparAnta rAjamantrI tathA jahAjapura durga kA zAsaka niyukta huaa| kucha dina vaha pradhAna bhI rhaa| usa yuga meM rAjasthAna ke rAjapUta rAjyoM meM pezavAoM ke marAThe saradAra bar3A hastakSepa kara rahe the, nirantara kUTanItijJa dA~vapeMca aura chuTapuTa buddha hote rahate the| aise hI eka cakkara meM zaktAvatoM ke sahAyaka marAThA bAlerAva ne devIcandra ko cUr3AyatoM kA pakSapAtI mAnakara pakar3a liyA aura bandIgRha meM DAla diyaa| rANA bhImasiMha ne yaha sUcanA pAte hI use chur3A liyA, kyoMki usa samaya pradhAna yA rAjamantrI pada para na hote hue bhI vaha svAmibhakta vIra thA aura rAjA usakA bahuta Adara evaM vizvAsa karatA thaa| eka bAra jAtimasiMha jhAlA aura marAThoM ke Age vivaza hokara rANA ne mANDalagar3ha durga jhAlA ke nAma likha to diyA, kintu sAtha hI eka DhAla aura talavAra dekara eka savAra ko turanta durgapAla mehatA devIcanda ke pAsa mANDalagar3ha bhI bheja diyaa| mehatA samajha gayA ki rANA ne dabAva meM Akara to durga ko una logoM ko sauMpa dene kI likhita AjJA dI hai, kintu DhAla aura talavAra bhejakara apanI vAstavika icchA kA bhI saMketa kara diyA ki yuddha kiyA jaae| ataeva devIcanda ne durga kI rakSA evaM sambhAvita yuddha kI pUrI taiyArI kara lI aura durga ko hAtha se na nikalane diyaa| jhAlA saradAra viphalamanoratha huaa| jaba 1820 I. ke lagabhaga karnala TADa me Adhunika yuga dezI rAjya : 851

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aMgareja kampanI ke pratinidhi saya meM laMdayapura so devIcanda acchAvata ko punaH rAjya kA pradhAna anAyA gyaa| kintu dohare prabandha se santuSTa nahIM hone se usane tyAgapatra de diyA thaa| mehatA zerasiMha-aparacanda bacchAvata kA pautra, devIcanda kA bhatIjA aura sItArAma kA putra thA, rANA jabAnasiMha ne use apanA pradhAna banAyA thA, kintu eka varSa pazcAta hI usake sthAna meM patA rAmasiMha ko usa pada para niyukta kara diyA gayA, kyoMki zerasiMha rAjya kI Arthika sthiti nahIM sudhAra sakA thaa| zerasiMha ko 1831 I. meM punaH pradhAna banAyA gyaa| kintu isa bAra bhI isa pada para vaha adhika samaya nahIM raha sakA 1 javAnasiMha kI mRtyu ho gayI thI aura usake uttarAdhikArI rANA saradArasiMha ne mehatA zerasiMha ko padacyuta karake bandIgRha meM DAla diyA, kyoMki usapara anya rAjakumAroM ke sAtha milakara isa saNA ke viruddha SaDyantra karane kA sandeha thaa| kaida meM bhI usake sAtha kara vyavahAra kiyA gayA thaa| aeNmarez2a potITikala ejeNTa kI siphAriza bhI kAma na aayii| antata: dasa lAkha rupaye dene kA vacana dekara mukta huA aura prANarakSA ke lie jodhapura calA gyaa| saradArasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI rANA sarUpasiMha ne 1844 I. meM mehatA ko mAravAr3a se bulAkara punaH udayapura sajya kA pradhAna bnaayaa| usI varSa rANA ne zAsana prabandha ke sambandha meM polITikala ejeNTa se jo ikarAranAmA kiyA thA usapara rAjya ke anya pramukha amarAvoM ke sAtha mehatA zerasiMha ke bhI hastAkSara haiN| zerasiMha kA putra jAlimasiMha, jo devIcanda ke majhale bhAI udayasama kI goda thA, isa samaya rAjya kI sevA meM niyukta ho cukA thaa| rANA ne 1847 I. meM use lAnAgar3ha para adhikAra karane ke lie bhejA thA, kintu vaha asaphala rahA to svayaM zerasiMha ne jAkara usapara adhikAra kiyA aura vidrohiyoM ke saradAra catarasiMha ko bandI ke rUpa meM lAkara rANA ke sAmane upasthita kiyaa| rANA ne prasanna hokara khilaata, bIr3A, tAjIma kA adhikAra Adi se puraskRta kiyaa| isa rANA kI icchApUrti ke lie aMgarejoM se likhApar3hI karake mehatA ne sarUpasAhI rupayA bhI clvaayaa| zerasiMha ke jyeSTha putra mehatA savAIsiMha ne rANA ke lie 1850 aura 1855 I. meM vidrohI bhIloM kA damana kiyA thaa| zerasiMha ke pautra ajItasiMha ne 1851 I. meM sarakArI DAka ko lUTa lene ke aparAdhI mInoM se yuddha kiyaa| ajItasiMha usa samaya jahAjapura kA kiledAra thaa| svAtantrya saMgrAma (1857 I.) meM rANA ne a~garez2oM kA pakSa liyA thA aura pradhAna zerasiMha ko polITikala ejeNTa kI sahAyatArtha usake sAtha lagA diyA thA, kintu svayaM mehatA se asantuSTa hI rahA, vizeSakara usake svAbhimAnI svabhAva evaM spaSToktiyoM ke kAraNa | ataeva usane 1863 I. meM amareja ejeNTa ke virodha karane para bhI zerasiMha kI jAgIra jaja kara lI aura jurmAnA lagA diyA thA, kintu use ye AjJAe~ vApasa lenI pdd'ii| sarUpasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI cAlaka rANA zambhUsiMha kI rIjensI kauMsila kA sadasya zerasiMha hI 952 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM,

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thaa| naye rANA se bhI usakI nahIM paTI / isI prakAra calatA rahA aura kucha hI samaya pazcAt usakI mRtyu ho gayI / mehatA gokulacanda - mehatA devIcanda kA pautra aura sarUpacanda kA putra thaa| prArambha meM rANA rUpasiMha ne usake cacA zerasiMha ko haTAkara ise pradhAna banAyA thA aura 1859 I. taka vaha usa pada para rhaa| jaba rANA zambhUsiMha ke samaya meM 1863 mANa patra jo kula jaya thA / mANDalagar3ha kI kiledArI to isa vaMza kI kula kramAgata thI, jaba-jaba aura koI pada yA kArya na hotA to isa vaMza ke loga mANDalagar3ha hI cale jAte the| aisA hI 1866 I. meM gokulacanda me kiyA, kintu 1869 I. meM rANA ne use bulAkara apanA pradhAna niyukta kiyA aura usa pada para 1874-75 I. taka rhaa| tadanantara mANDalagar3ha calA gayA aura vahIM usakI mRtyu huii| mehatA pannAlAla - agaracanda bacchAvata ke choTe bhAI haMsarAja ke jyeSTha putra atrare kA prapautra thaa| khAsa kacaharI ke nAyaba se unnati karake yaha 1869 I. meM rANA zambhUsiMha ke samaya mahakame khAsa kA saciva banA, jisake adhikAra aura kartavya prAyaH vahI the jo pUrvakAla meM pradhAna ke hote the| pradhAna kA pada aba samApta kara diyA gayA thA / kintu usane aneka zatru paidA kara liye the, jinakI zikAyatoM para vizvAsa karake rANA ne 1874 I. meM use kucha samaya ke lie karNavilAsa mahala meM kaida bhI kara diyA thaa| rANA kI dAhakriyA ke samaya mehatA kI hatyA kA bhI prayatna huaa| ataeva vaha udayapura ko chor3akara ajamera calA gyaa| naye rANA sajjanasiMha ne 1875 I. meM use ajamera se bulAkara phira se mahakamAqhAsa kA kArya sauMpa diyaa| lArDa liTana ke 1877 I. ke dillI darabAra meM mehatA pannAlAla ko 'rAya' kA khitAba milA aura 1880 I. meM vaha mahadrAjasabhA kA sadasya bnaa| sajjanasiMha ke rAjyakAla ke anta taka vaha rAjya kA pradhAna (mahakameqhAsa kA sekreTarI) banA rahA aura usake uttarAdhikArI rANA phatahasiMha ko gaddI para baiThAne meM usakA pUrA hAtha thA / isa rApNA ke rAjyArambha meM hI 1887 I. meM malakA vikToriyA kI jubilI ke avasara para meDatA pannAlAla ko sI. AI.I. upAdhi pradAna kI gyii| tIrthayAtrA ke vicAra se 1894 I. meM usane rAjyasevA se avakAza liyA aura kucha varSa pazcAt usakI mRtyu ho gayI / usakI kAryakuzalatA evaM vyavahAra se rAjA prajA, sAmanta-saradAra aura a~garez2a adhikArI sabhI prAyaH santuSTa rahe / pannAlAla kA putra phatelAla rANA phatahasiMha kA kucha kAla taka vizvAsapAtra rahA, aura phatelAla kA putra devIlAla mahakamA devasthAna kA adhyakSa bhI rhaa| isa prakAra udayapura ke bacchAvata vaMza ke aneka puruSoM ne mevAr3a rAjya kI prazaMsanIya sevA kii| unameM se jo atyucca pada para pahu~ce aura vizeSa ullekhanIya the, unhIM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| somacanda gA~dhI- 1768 I. meM rANA bhImasiMha gaddI para baiThA aura tadanantara Adhunika yuga dezI rAjdha : 353

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MMMMMMITMMMMMMMMMALAWALDADAMRAMMMMADIRAM cUr3Avata saradAroM ne usako apane kabje meM kara liyaa| jaba rANA kI dravya kI AvazyakatA hotI to koSa meM nahIM hai, yaha kahakara manA kara dete the| rAjamAtA ne rANA kA janmotsava manAne ke lie rupayA mA~gA so use bhI yahI uttara de diyaa| isapara somacanda gA~dhI ne, jo antaHpura kI udyor3hI para kAma karatA thA, rAjamAtA se kahA ki yadi use pradhAna banA diyA jAe to saba prabandha kara degaa| ataeva use rAjya kA pradhAna banA diyA gyaa| vaha bahuta kuzala aura catura thaa| usane cUDAyatoM ke zatru zaktAvatoM aura jhAlA saradAra ko apanI ora milA liyA aura rANA para cUhAvatoM kA pramAya samApta karane meM saphala huaa| jayapura aura jodhapura ke narezoM ko usane marAThoM ke viruddha bhar3akAkara unakI sahAyatA se 1787 I. meM lAlasoTa ke yuddha meM marAThoM ko parAjita kiyA / kintu 16 akTUbara 1789 I. meM katipaya vidrohI saradAroM kA mahala meM ho sakI hatyA kara dii| isa prakAra isa rAjaniSTha, lokapriya, dUradarzI aura nItikuzala mantrI somacanda gA~dhI kA anta huaa| usake bhAI satIdAsa aura zivadAsa isa ghaTanA kA samAdhAra milate hI rANA ke pAta zikAyata karane gye| rANA somacanda ke hatyAre rAyata arjunasiMha ko koI daNDa to nahIM de sakA, kintu use burA-bhalA kahakara apane sAmane se haTA diyA / rANA kI AjJA se somacanda kA dAhakarma pIchole kI bar3I pAla para kiyA gayA aura yahA~ usako chatrI banAyI gyii| satIdAsa aura zivadAsa gA~dhI-somacanda kI mRtyu ke uparAnta rANA ne usake bhAI satIdAsa gA~dhI ko pradhAna banAyA aura zivadAsa usake sahAyaka ke pada para niyukta huaa| inhoMne apane bhAI kA badalA lene kA saMkalpa kiyaa| satIdAsa ne apane sahAyaka bhIDara ke sAmanta kI senA lekara ukta sucata aura DAvatoM kI senA ke sAtha akolA meM bhISaNa yuddha kiyA, zatruoM ko parAjita kiyA aura somacanda ke hatyAre rAvata arjunasiMha ko pakar3akara mAra ddaalaa| mehatA mAladAsa iyor3hIvAla-rANA udayasiMha ke mantrI mehatA megharAja Dyor3hIvAla kI cauthI yA pA~cavIM pIr3hI meM utpanna huA thaa| marAThoM ko 1787 I. meM lAlasoTha ke yuddha meM parAjita karake rAjya ke pradhAna somacanda gA~dhI ne mehatA mAladAsa ko mevAr3a aura koTA kI saMyukta senA kA adhyakSa banAkara marAThoM ke viruddha bhejaa| mAladAsa ne vIratA evaM kuzalatApUrvaka kaI yuddhoM meM marAThoM ko parAjita karake unheM mevAr3a kI sImA se bAhara nikAla diyaa| isavara ahalyAbAI holkara aura sindhiyA kI senAoM ne mevAr3a para car3hAI kI to unake viruddha abhiyAna meM mAladAsa ko hI punaH senA kA adhyakSa banAyA gyaa| usa samaya vaha rAjya kA pradhAna bhI bana gayA thA, kintu 1788 I. ke marAThoM ke sAtha hue isa bhISaNa yuddha meM usane vIragati paayii| karnala Tona ke anusAra yaha pradhAna mehatA mAladAsa aura usakA nAyaba maujIrAma donoM buddhimAna aura cIra the| sambhavatayA maujIrAma bhI jaina thaa| 334 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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mehatA nAthajI-isake pUrvaja mUlataH solaMkI rAjapUta the jo vIM zatI ke lagabhaga jainadharma aMgIkAra karake bhaNDasAlIgotrI osavAla hue| isa vaMza meM thiruzAha bhaNDasAlI prasiddha huaa| usake eka vaMzaja cIlajI ko mahatvapUrNa rAjyasevA ke upalakSya meM mehatA kI padavI milii| usakA cazaja jAlajI mehatA rANA hamIra kI sanI kA kAmadAra (nijI saciva) thA aura usake mAyake se hI usake sAtha AyA thaa| yahA~ Akara usane aura usake vaMzajoM ne rAjya kI bar3I sevA kI aura puraskAra svarUpa jAgIreM bhI milI jo vaza meM paramparAgata calatI rhii| mAthA mahatA udayapura ke nikaTastha devAlI gAMva meM rahatA thA jahA~ se vaha koTA calA gayA aura vahA~ ke rAjA kI sevA meM rahate hue koTArAjya se kucha pUmiyA~, kueM Adi prApta kiye| tadanantara 1850 I. ke lagabhaga vaha udayapura rAjya ke mANDalagar3ha durga meM calA AyA aura durgarakSaka senA kA adhikArI huA tathA navalapurA grAya jAgIra meM paayaa| durga kI koTa para usane eka burja banavAyI thI jo nAthaburja kahalAtI hai aura durga meM eka jinamandira bhI banavAyA thaa| nAthajI bar3A vIra aura sAhasI thA aura aneka yuddhoM meM usane bhAga liyA thaa| mehatA lakSmIcanda "nAthajI kA vIra putra aura sambhavatayA mANDalagar3ha meM usakA sahAyaka, tadanantara uttarAdhikArI rhaa| apane pitA ke sAtha usane kaI yuddhoM meM bhAga liyA thA aura anta meM khAparaula ke yuddha (ghATe) meM vIragati pAyI thii| mehatA jorAvarasiMha aura javAnasiMha-mehatA lakSmIcandra kI mRtyu ke samaya usake nanhe bAlaka putra the| ghara meM dhanAbhAva thA kintu unakI mAtA bar3I buddhimatI, karmaTha aura svAbhimAninI thii| usake bhAI ne bahana aura mAnakoM ko apane ghara le jAne kA Agraha kiyA to usa vIrapatnI ne yaha kahakara asvIkAra kara diyA ki yahA~ apane ghara rahane para to usake putra apane pitA ke nAma se pukAre jAe~ge aura mAmA ke ghara rahane se 'amuka ke bhAnaje haiN| isa rUpa meM pukAre gAe~ge jo usake zvasura ke kula-gaurava ke viparIta hogaa| bar3A kaSTa uThAkara usane apane putroM kA pAlana-poSaNa kiyA aura bar3e hokara ve rAjyasevA meM niyukta hue| jorAvarasiMha to udayapura ke dIvAna mehatA rAmasiMha kI nAsaptamI ke kAraNa vyAvara calA gayA, vahIM usakI mRtyu ho gayI, usakA anuja javAnasiMha bar3A buddhimAnU aura puruSArthI thaa| rAjyasevA meM usane prabhuta unnati kii| kahate haiM ki dasa-bIsa vyaktiyoM ko sAtha liye binA usane kabhI bhojana nahIM kiyaa| kaI rAjapUta saradAra usake sAtha rahate the| rANA se bhI usane kaI bAra siropAva Adi prApta kiye the aura apanI navalapurA kI paitRka jAgIra bhI, jo bIca meM japta ho gayI thI, punaH prApta kara lii| vaha mANDalagar3ha meM apane paitRka pada para pratiSThita thaa| eka bAra usane aneka sazastra DAkuoM ko unakI banI meM jAkara aura bhISaNa yuddha karake akele hI kucala diyA thaa| mAtra 39 varSa Adhunika yuga : dezI rAjya :: 355

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kI Ayu meM isa vIra kI mRtyu ho gyii| usake putra catrasiMha aura kRSNalAla bhI sAhasI the, kintu dhArmika pravRtti ke sajjana the / mehatA catrasiMha bhakta aura dharmAtmA mAne jAte the| rANA zambhUsiMha ne unheM mevAr3a ke prasiddha ekaliMgajI mandira kA dArogA niyukta kiyA thA, jisake lie unheM 90 rupayA mAsika vetana, niHzalka havelI aura savArI ke lie ghor3A milA thaa| kintu devadravya samajhakara unhoMne vetana kA eka paisA bhI nahIM liyaa| zambhUsiMha kI mRtyu ke uparAnta ye vidhavA rAnI ke kAmadAra niyukta ho gye| rAjya meM inakI paryApta pratiSThA thii| inakI mRtyu 1916 I. meM huii| isa prakAra mevAr3a (udayapura) rAjya meM rANA phatahasiMha ( mRtyu 1931 I.) ke samaya taka aneka rAjamantrI aura ucca padastha karmacArI jainI hote rahe aura udayapura ke nagara seTha bhI prAyaH jainI hI hote rhe| jodhapura rAjya rAva sUratarAma - suprasiddha muhanota naiNasI ke prapautra, karamalI ke pautra aura mehatA saMgrAmasiMha ke putra bhagavantasiMha ke putra the tathA nAgaura nareza bakhatasiMha ke fauja - bakhzI the| jaba 1751 I. meM bakhatasiMha (vijayasiMha) ko jodhapura kA siMhAsana bhI mila gayA to yaha usake sAtha jodhapura thale Aye aura usa upalakSya meM inheM do grAma aura tIna hajAra rupaye puraskAra svarUpa mile| vaha rAjyasevA meM barAbara bane rahe aura 1763 se 1766 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAna (pradhAna mantrI) rhe| usa kAla meM rAjya se pandraha haz2Ara rupaye kI jAgIra aura prApta kii| isa bIca 1785 I. meM inhoMne marAThA saradAra khAjU ke sAtha yuddha karake use parAjita kiyA aura usako sainya-sAmagrI ko lUTa liyaa| dIvAnagirI se avakAza prApta kara lene para bhI rAva sUratarAma kI pratiSThA pUrvavat banI rahI aura 1773 I. meM inheM musAhibI kA adhikAra, 'rAva' kI padavI, hAthI, pAlakI aura ziropAya tathA 21000 rupaye kI anya jAgIra rAjya se prApta hue| agale varSa inakI mRtyu ho gyii| mehatA savAIrAma - rAva sUratarAma ke putra the aura unakI mRtyu ke uparAnta 1774 I. meM inheM pitA ke samasta adhikAra, musAhibI tathA jAgIroM ke paTTe Adi mile, jinakA inhoMne 1792 I. paryanta upayoga kiyaa| jJAnamala, savAIkaraNa, zubhakaraNa aura phatahakaraNa nAma ke unake cAra choTe bhAI the 6 www. mehatA saradAramala - mehatA savAIrAma ke putra the aura 1799-1800 I. meM jodhapura rAjya ke dIvAna rahe tathA 2000 rupaye Aya kA eka grAma jAgIra meM prApta kiyA thaa| mehatA jJAnamala - rAva sUratarAma ke choTe putra the aura jodhapura nareza vijayasiMha aura mAnasiMha ke dIvAna rahe tathA mahArAja kI ora se goMgolI ke yuddha meM vIratApUrvaka 356 : pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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lar3e the| rAjA mAnasiMha unakA bahuta vizvAsa karatA thaa| rAjakIya prapaMcoM se dUra rahate... hue bAda apanA kArya 1820 I. meM apanI mRtyuparyantaM pratiSThApUrvaka karate rhe| mehatA navatamata-mehatA jJAnamala ke putra the aura 1804 I. meM inhoMne apane rAjA ke lie sIrohI ko vijaya kiyA thaa| alpAvasthA meM hI inakI mRtyu, apane pitA ke sAmane ho, 1819 I. meM ho gayI thii| ___ mehatA rAmadAsa ...mehatA navalamala kA putra thA aura 1820 I. meM apane pitAmaha jJAnamala kA uttarAdhikArI huA thaa| mehatA cainasiMha- mehatA cainasiMha bhI muhanota vaMza meM hI utpanna hue the aura rUpanagara nareza taradArasiMha ke mukhya dIvAna mehatA devIcanda ke putra yA bhatIje the| yaha svayaM 1796 I. meM kRSNagar3ha nareza pratApasiMha ke mukhya dIvAna bane the aura usake uttarAdhikArI kalyANasiMha ke pUre rAjyakAla meM usa pada para bane rhe| yaha aise dezabhakta, svAmibhakta, kartavyaniSTha aura ImAnadAra ve ki mahArAja pratApasiMha kahA karate the ki cainasiMha binA saba cora musaddI / inakI dIvAnagirI ke samaya meM marAThoM ne aneka bAra inake rAjya para AkramaNa kiye, kintu inakI dRr3hatA, vIratA aura rAjanIti ke sammukha unheM sadaiva muMha kI khAnI pdd'ii| inakI mRtyu 1804 I. meM huii| gaMgArAma bhaNDArI-jodhapura ke prasiddha bhaNDArI vaMza meM utpanna maMgArAma bhaNDArI kuzala rAjanItijJa aura vIra senAnI thaa| vaha mahArAja vijayasiMha (1752-92 I.) ke rAjyakAla meM huA thA aura 1790 I. meM marAThoM ke sAtha hue mer3atA ke yuddha meM usane bar3I vIratA pradarzita kI thii| lakSmIcandra bhaNDArI-jodhapura nareza bhImasiMha (1792-1805 I.) ke uttarAdhikArI mAnasiMha (1503-43 I.) ke samaya meM rAjya kA dIvAna rhaa| ise 2000 rupaye Aya kI jAgIra milI thii| pRthvIrAja bhaNDArI-mahArAja mAnasiMha ke samaya meM jAlaura kA zAsaka thaa| bahAduramala bhaNDArI-mahArAja takhtasiMha (1843-79 I.) ke samaya meM rAjA aura prajA ke bharasaka hitasAdhana meM vaha sadA saMlagna rahatA thA, isI se rAjA aura prajA donoM hI usase prasanna the| namaka ke Theke ke sambandha meM usane jo vyavasthA kI thI usase mAravAr3a kI janatA usakI ghira-upakRta huii| isa lokapriya rAjya mutasadI kA sattara varSa kI Ayu meM 1885 I. meM svargavAsa huaa| kizanamala bhaNDArI-bahAduramala bhaNDArI kA putra thA aura arthavyavasthA meM atyanta nipuNa thaa| mahArAja takhtasiMha ke samaya meM hI vaha jodhapura rAjya kA koSAdhyakSa niyukta ho gayA aura mahArAja saradArasiMha ke prAyaH pUre rAjyakAla meM usa pada para banA rhaa| vaha apane samaya kA bar3A lokapriya arthamantrI thaa| siMghavI indrarAja-jodhapura nareza mAnasiMha asthiracitta vyakti thaa| usake rAjyakAla ke prAyaH prArambha meM 1804 I. meM hI jodhapura rAjya Antarika kalaha, phUTa Adhunika yuga : dezI rAjya :: 357

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aura SaDyantroM meM grasta ho gyaa| ghara kI phUTa sadaiva vinAzakArI siddha huI hai| isa phUTa ke pratApa se na jAne kitane ghara bigar3a gaye, sampanna pratiSThita parivAra naSTa ho madhe, zaktizAlI mahArAjya svAhA ho gaye aura svatantra deza parAdhInatA kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3a gye| udayapura ke rANA bhImasiMha kI rUpasI suzIlA rAjakumArI kRSNA kI ma~ganI mAnasiMha ke pUrvavartI jodhapura nareza bhImasiMha ke sAtha hI gayI thI, kintu usakI mRtyu ho gayI aura jodhapura ke hI eka kucakrI ke prayatna se usa rAjakumArI kA sambandha jayapura nareza jagatasiMha ke sAtha nizcita ho gyaa| isapara unhIM kucakrI sAmantoM ne mAnasiMha ko bhar3akAyA ki 'siMha kA zikAra kyA syAra le jAegA?' mAnasiMha ne jagatasiMha ko patra likhA ki vaha rAjakumArI ke sAtha sambandha tor3a de, kyoMki usakI ma~ganI jodhapura nareza se ho cukI hai, ataeva jodhapuravAle hI use vivAha kara laaeNge| jagatasiMha ne patra kI avahelanA kI to unhIM saradAroM ke bhar3akAne se mUrkha mAnasiMha ne senA lekara jayapura para AkramaNa kara diyA, kintu aina yuddha ke samaya jodhapura ke ke saradAra tathA mAnasiMha kA kuTumbI bIkAnera kA rAjA bhI apanI-apanI senAoM ke sAtha jayapura kI senA meM jA mile| yaha dekhakara mAnasiMha ke dukha aura Azcarya kI sImA na rahI aura yuddhakSetra meM pITha dikhA, thor3e se saradAroM aura saijikoM kI sahA bIsalapura : usakA vicAra jAlaura meM zaraNa lene kA thA, kintu usake eka jaina karmacArI cainamala saMghavI ne use samajhAyA ki sodhe jodhapura jAkara rAjadhAnI meM hI apane siMhAsana, rAjya aura prANoM kI rakSA kareM, anyatra bhaTakane se sabase hAtha dhonA pdd'egaa| ataeva jodhapura hI Akara rAjA rakSA ke prayatna meM lagA, kintu zaMkAlucitta ho uThA thA aura jo bace-khuce vizvasta aura rAjyabhakta sAmanta- saradAra the unapara bhI sandeha karane lagA thaa| usane unameM se bhI aneka ko durga se bAhara nikAla diyaa| inhIM logoM meM indrarAja siMghavI bhI thA jo usake pUrvavartI do rAjAoM, vijayasiMha aura bhImasiMha ke samaya meM bhI rAjamantrI (dIvAna) ke pada para raha cukA thaa| isI bIca jayapura nareza jagatasiMha ne eka bar3I senA lekara jodhapura para AkramaNa kara diyA thA aura rAjadhAnI kA gherA DAla diyA thaa| jodhapura ke kaI saradAra to pahale hI sasainva usake sAtha the, ina navAgantukoM ko pAkara vaha atyanta prasanna huA, kintu yahIM vaha dhokhA khA gayA / indrarAja aura usake sAthI apane rAjA dvArA kiye gaye apamAna se kSubdha to hue, kintu ve dezadrohI nahIM the| unhoMne zatru sainya meM rahakara usakI samasta gatividhi jAna lo / jagatasiMha ke pramukha sahAyaka amIrakhA~ piNDArI ko phor3a liyA aura cupake se eka dina vahA~ se palAyana kara aura kucha senA ekatra karake svayaM jayapura para AkramaNa kara diyA aura use luuttaa| samAcAra milate hI bhaucakkA huA jagatasiMha apane rAjya kI rakSA ke lie daudd'aa| mArga meM hI indrarAja ke dala se muThabher3a huii| jagatasiMha parAjita hokara jayapura bhAga gayA aura indrarAja usase jodhapura rAjya kI lUTI huI saba sampatti evaM 358 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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sAmagrI chInakara vijaya-dundubhi bajAtA huA jodhapura aayaa| mAnasiMha apanI bhUla para pachatAyA, jodhapura meM vIra indrarAja kA apUrva svAgata kiyA, svayaM dila kholakara usakI chandabaddha prabhUta prazaMsA kI aura use bhArayADa ke pradhAna senApati pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| isa samasta ghaTanA kA eka atyanta dukhada prasaMga yaha thA ki mevAr3a rAjya kI jayapura-jodhapura aura piNDAriyoM se rakSA karane ke lie rAjakumArI kRSNA ne viSapAna karake apanA balidAna de diyaa| mAnasiMha ne aba bIkAnera ke rAjA se 52-228 badalA lene ke lie indasala ke netRtva meM eka bar3I senA aura anya saradAroM ko lekara svayaM prasthAna kiyA aura bAparI ke yuddha meM bIkAnera kI senA ko parAjita kiyaa| vaha rAjA bhAgakara bIkAnera kI ora calA gayA to indrarAja ne usakA vahA~ bhI pIchA kiyA aura gajanera meM use punaH yuddha karane para tathA parAjita karane ke bAda sandhi karane para vivaza kiyA aura yuddha kI kSatipUrti ke rUpa meM phalaudI paraganA tathA do lAkha rupaye usase vasUla kiye| mAnasiMha atyanta prasanna huA aura usane rAjya ke prAyaH sampUrNa adhikAra indrarAja ko hI sauMpa diye| vaha kahA karatA thA- bairI mArana mIrakhA, rAja kAja indarAja, mahato zaraNonAtha re, nAtha sebAre kAja!' parantu indrarAja ke isa utkarSa se usake purAne zatru atyanta vikSubdha hue aura usakA nAza karane ke SaDyantra karane lge| antataH mahArAja ke mu~halage amIrajA~ piNDArI ko bhar3akAkara usake paThAnoM dvArA kile ke bhItara jhUThe jhagar3e ke misa dina dahAr3e kIra indrarAja siMghavI kI hatyA karA dene meM ve saphala ho gye| isa dezabhakA, svAmibhakta, yuddhabIra, kuzala rAjanItijJa, rAjya ke sarvAdhikArI aura apane paramapriyapAtra rAjyastambha kI 1816 I. kI caitra zukla aSTamI ke dina huI isa hatyA se mahArAja mAnasiMha para vajrapAta huA aura vaha rAjyakArya se udAsIna ho ekAntavAsa karane lagA! kAphI samaya pazcAt svastha ho usane rAjyakArya meM punaH mana diyA lagatA hai, kyoMki usakA rAjyakAla to 1849 I. taka rhaa| dhanarAja siMghavI-jayapura ke nikaTa TogA ke yuddha meM sindhiyA ko parAjita karake jodhapura nareza vijayasiMha ke senApati bhImarAja siMghavI ne 1787 I. meM ajamera ke marAThA sUbedAra anavarabega se ajamera chIna liyA aura usa kSetra para apane rAjA kA adhikAra sthApita kara diyA thaa| rAjA ne sAhasI dhIra senAnI dhanarAja siMghavI ko, jo sambhavatayA bhImarAja kA bhAI yA putra thA, ajamera kA sUbedAra niyukta kiyaa| marAThoM ne apanI zakti saMgaThita karake 1791 I. meM punaH mAravAr3a para bhISaNa AkramaNa kiyA aura mer3atA evaM pATana ke ghora yuddhoM meM mAravAr3iyoM ko parAjita kiyaa| isI bIca marAThoM ke senApati DIboina ne ajamera para AkramaNa karake usakA gherA DAla diyaa| kintu bIra banarAja me DaTakara mukAbalA kiyA aura saphalatApUrvaka ajamera kI rakSA karatA rahA / usake sAmane DIboina kI eka na clii| kintu pATana kI parAjaya ke bAda usake rAjA vijayasiMha ne use Adeza bheja diyA ki ajamera ko khAlI karake Adhunika yuga : dezI rAjya :: 359

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MM OMG00000000001 . jodhapura lauTa Ae / svAbhimAnI vIrana dhanarAja aise apratiSThAkAraka samarpaNa ke lie taiyAra nahIM huaa| antataH usane apanI aMgUThI ke hIre ko cATakara AtmahatyA kara lI aura dama tor3ane se pUrva apane sAthiyoM se cillAkara kahA ki mahArAja se jAkara kaha do ki dhanarAja rAjAjJA kA isI rUpa meM pAlana kara sakatA thA, usake zava ke Upara hI marAThe ajamera meM praveza kara sakate the, usake jIvita rahate nhiiN| pUrvokta siMghavI indrarAja sambhavatayA yora dhanarAja siMghadhI kA hI putra yA nikaTa sambandhI thaa| bIkAnera rAjya mahArAja apUpasiMha (1669-98 I.)-yAha bIkAnera-nareza bar3e vidyAnurAgI, udAra evaM yuddhavIra the| inake samaya meM kharasaramacchAcArya jinacandrasuri (1654-1706 I.) kA bIkAnera se bar3A samparka rahA aura yaha nareza unakA bahuta Adara karate the| ina donoM ke bIca patra-vyavIratA thA yaH zayA aura jaina kI uttama sthiti thii| rAjya se jaina muruoM Adi ko aneka paTTe paravAne Adi bhI milate rahe haiN| amaracanda surAnA-bIkAnera ke eka pratiSThita osavAla kula meM utpanna hue the aura bIkAnera nareza sUratasiMha (1787-1828 I.) ke rAjyakAla meM vizeSa utkarSa ko prApta hue| mahArAja ne 1804 I. meM inheM bhaTanera ke bhaTTI saradAra jAbtA khA~ ke viruddha senA dekara bhejA thA, ataeva amaracanda ne bharanera para AkramaNa kiyA aura pauMca mAsa taka usa durga kA gherA DAle par3e rhe| antataH vivaza hokara khAna ne durga inheM sauMpa diyA aura apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha anyatra calA gyaa| unakI isa saphalatA se prasanna hokara mahArAja ne inheM rAjya kA dIvAna banA diyaa| jaba 1808 I. meM jodhapura nareza ke senApati indrarAja siMghavI ne bIkAnera para AkramaNa kiyA to usakA pratirodha karane ke lie sUratasiMha ne amaracanda surAmA ke netRtva meM senA bhejI, kintu bAparI ke usa yuddha meM indrarAja vijayI huaa| tathApi ukta donoM rAjyoM meM gajanera meM jo sandhi huI aura jisake anusAra ukta donoM narezoM meM pUrvavat sauhArda huA usameM donoM jaina senApatiyoM kI udArAzayatA evaM dUradarzitA hI kAryakArI huI thii| agale cAra varSa amaracanda surAnA bIkAnera rAjya ke una vibhinna ThAkuroM (sAmantoM) kA damana karane meM vyasta rahA jI rAjAjJA kI avahelanA karate the aura rAjA kI sattA kI upekSA karate the| isa kArya meM dIzAna ne AvazyakatA se adhika kaThoratA se kArya liyaa| aneka kI mRtyu ke ghATa utArA, aneka ko mandIgRha meM DAlA, aneka se kar3A jurmAnA vasUla kiyaa| rAjA avazya bahuta prasanna huA aura use rAjamahala meM apane sAtha bhojana karane kI pratiSThA prAna kii| cUrU ke ThAkura zivasiMha ne sira uThAyA to 1815 I. meM rAjAjhA se amaradhanda ne jAkara usakI gar3hI ko ghera liyA, usakI rasada banda 360 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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kara dI aura use anya prakAra se trasta kiyaa| svAbhimAnI ThAkura ne jhakane ke bajAya AtmahatyA kara lI aura usakeko adhikAra huaa| rAjA ne prasanna duga hokara use 'rAva' kI upAdhi, ziropAva aura hAthI pradAna karake puraskRta kiyaa| isake bAda hI amaracanda ke durbhAgya kA Arambha huaa| usane aneka zatru utpanna kara liye the, jinhoMne eka bhArI SaDyantra racakara use aparAdhI siddha kiyA aura phalasvarUpa padacyuta evaM bhArI arthadaNDa se daNDita kraayaa| itanA hI nahIM, 1817 I. meM usapara yaha jhUThA Aropa lagAkara ki vaha amIrakhA~ piNDArI se milakara rAjya ke viruddha SaDyantra kara rahA hai, use mRtyudaNDa dilAyA gayA / jaisalamera rAjya mehatA svarUpasiMha jaisalamera ke bhATI rAjapUta vaMza kA rAjA mUlarAja ( mUlasiMha ) 1761 I. meM gaddI para baitthaa| usane jainadharmAnuyAyI mehatA svarUpasiMha ko apanA pradhAna mantrI bnaayaa| vaha rAjA kA kRpApAtra, sAhasI, parAkramI, zaktizAlI, nItinipuNa, kuzala mantrI thaa| kintu isI kAraNa aneka loga usase IrSyA karate the, usake zatru ho gaye aura usakA parAbhava karane ke lie prayatnazIla ho gaye / mantrI me yuvarAja rAyasiMha kA jebakharca niyamita kara diyA to vaha bhI usake zatruoM ke da meM mila gayA / antataH kukriyoM kA cakra cala gayA aura eka dina sare darabAra mehatA kI hatyA kara dI gyii| rAjA yaha dekhakara dukha aura krodha se adhIra ho uThA, kintu AtatAyiyoM ko koI daNDa na de sakA, ulaTe unase bhayabhIta hokara mahaloM meM calA gyaa| aba yuvarAja aura usake sAthI sAmantoM kI bana AyI aura unhoMne rAjA ko hI kArAgAra meM DAla yuvarAja ko gaddI para baiThA diyaa| kintu lagabhaga tIna mAsa ke uparAnta hI eka vIra mahilA kI sahAyatA se rAjA bandIgRha se mukta huA aura punaH apane siMhAsana para ArUr3ha huaa| usane tatkAla yuvarAja tathA usake sAthI sAmantoM ko rAjya se nirvAsita kara diyaa| mehatA sAlimasiMha mehatA svarUpasiMha kA putra thA jo apane pitA kI mRtyu ke samaya kevala 11 varSa kA kizora thA, tathApi rAjA mUlarAja ne punaH rAjyAdhikAra prApta karate hI honahAra sAlimasiMha ko hI apanA mantrI bnaayaa| alpa vaya meM hI sAlimasiMha bar3A catura, sAhasI, mitabhASI aura nItikuzala thaa| apane pitA kI hatyA ko vaha nahIM bhUlA aura zatruoM se pratizodha lene ke avasara kI tAka meM rahane lagA / zatru bhI usase caukanne the| jodhapura nareza ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke avasara para vaha apane rAjA kI ora se usakA abhinandana karane ke lie jodhapura gayA thaa| vApasI meM usake pitA ke zatruoM ne usakI hatyA ke uddezya se chala se use pakar3a liyA, kintu apanI caturAI ke bala para vaha unake caMgula se nikala AyA aura surakSita jaisalamera jA phuNcaa| phira bhI sAma kI nIti kA prayoga karane ke lie usane nirvAsita sAmantoM Adhunika yuga : dezI rAjya : 361 mr

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ko vApasa bulavAkara rAjA mUlarAja se unakI jabta kI gayI jAgIreM aura anya sampatti punaH dilvaayii| ve duSTa aba bhI cupa na baiThe aura rAjA ke putra evaM pautroM kA pakSa lekara rAjA ke viruddha vidrohAgni prajvalita karane aura mehatA sAlimasiMha ko naSTa karane ke lie SaDyantra racane lge| aba mehatA adhika sahana na kara sakA aura usane ukta zatruoM ko cuna-cunakara mauta ke ghATa utArakara apane pitA kI hatyA kA pratizodha liyaa| isI mantrI sAlimasiMha ne rAjA mUlarAja ke aMgarejoM ke sAtha sandhi karane kA virodha kiyA thaa| jayapura rAjya dIvAna ratanacanda sAha...sAhagotrI khaNDelavAla jaina sadArAma ke putra aura sAha yadhIcandra ke anuja the| yaha 1756 I. se 1768 I. taka jayapura rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| kuzala rAjamantrI hone ke sAtha hI sAtha yaha bacne dharmAtmA aura vidhAnusagI the| AcAryakalpa paNDita ToDaramallajI isa samaya jayapura meM hI nivAsa karate the aura apane mahAn sAhitya kI racanA meM saMlagna the| dIvAnajI unake bar3e bhakta the aura unake kAryoM ke prazaMsaka the| san 1761 I. meM jaba pAnIpata ke raNakSetra meM marAThoM ke bhAgya kA nirNaya ho rahA thA to jayapura rAjA ke eka mahalaga parohita zyAma tivArI ne bar3A sAmpradAyika upadrava macAyA aura Amera evaM jayapura ke kaI jinamandiroM ko naSTa bhraSTa kara diyaa| upadrava kI zAnti para dIyAna ratanacanda ne Amera kA mandira punaH banavAyA aura jayapura meM eka vizAla pandira apane bhAI badhIcanda ke nAma se bnvaayaa| isa mandira ke gumbada meM svarNa kA darzanIya kAma banA hai, zAstramaNDAra bhI samRddha hai| yaha mandira zuddhAmnAya kA bar3A paMcAyatI mandira hai| jaba 1764 I. meM paNDita ToDaramallAjI bhAI rAyamallajI Adi kI preraNA se jayapura meM vizAla paimAne para indradhvaja pUjA-mahotsava kiyA gayA to ratanavanda aura unake sAthI eka anya jaina dIvAna bAlacanda ukta mahotsava ke agresara the| unhoMne rAjya-darabAra se saba suvidhAe~ aura bahumUlya sAmAna bhI utsava ke lie sulabha karA diyA thaa| sambhava hai ki unake jyeSTha mAtA badhIyandra bhI kucha kAla dIkSAna rahe hoN| AratarAma bindUkA-nevaTAgrAma ke nivAsI the aura 1757 I. se 1778 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| unhoMne nevaTA meM eka jinamandira banavAyA thA aura jayapura kI apanI havelI meM bhI caityAlaya banavAyA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma RSabhadAsa thaa| bAlacanda chAbar3A-1761 se 1772 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| yaha bhI bar3e dharmapremI the| zyAma tivArI ke 1761 I. ke upadravoM se jinAyatanoM kI jo lUTa-pATa aura kSati huI thI usakI pUrti inhoMne prayatnapUrvaka karAyI aura agale varSa 1762 I. meM rAjya kI ora se rAjya ke 38 paraganoM ke nAma yaha Adeza jArI kara diyA ki jaina loga nizcintatA se apane mandira banAeM, deva-zAstra-guru kI icchAnusAra pUjA 362 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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kareM, koI vyakti kisI prakAra usameM bAdhaka nahIM hogA aura mandiroM kI sampatti jo koI chUTakara le gayA ho vaha saba unheM vApasa karA dI jaae| astu, isake uparAnta kaI naye jinamandira bane, utsava Adi hue, vizeSakara 1764 I. kA indradhvaja - pUjotsava, jisameM yaha apane sahayogI dovAna ratanacanda ke sAtha agraNI the| durbhAgya se inhIM ke samaya meM kintu inake binA jAne katipaya dharma vidveSiyoM ne 1769-70 I. meM jaina jaMgat kI vibhUti paNDitapravara jI kI cupake se dRSti rUpameM hatyA karA dii| usakA pratikAra to kucha na ho sakA, kintu punarnirmANa aura utsava Adi hote rahe, yathA-1769 I. meM mAdhopura kI paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA usameM bhI vidveSiyoM ne lUTamAra mcaayii| zyAma tivArI ko bhI inhIM ke kahane se rAjA ne rAjya se nirvAsita kara diyA batAyA jAtA hai| inake pUrva sambhavatayA inake pitA maujorAma chAbar3A bhI rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| nainasukha vindUkA mukundadAsa khindUkA ke putra the aura 1757 I. se 1778 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAna rahe pratIta hote haiN| www saMghI nandalAla godhA - mahArAja mAnasiMha ke mahAmAtya aura mojamAbAda ke prasiddha nirmAtA sAha nAnU ke vaMzaja tathA anUpacanda godhA ke putra the aura 1766 I. se 1771 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| inhoMne 1769 I. meM mAdhopura meM vizAla bimba-pratiSThA karAyI thii| jayacanda sAha - dIvAna ratanacanda sAha ke putra the aura 1767 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAna rahe the| saMghI motIrAma godhA - dIvAna nandalAla godhA ke putra the aura 1768 se 1777 I. taka rAjya meM dIvAna rhe| inhoMne 1789 I. meM rAjA pRthvIsiMha ke rAjya meM mAdhopura meM bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti ke upadeza se bimba-pratiSThA karAyI thii| bhIcanda chAbar3A dIvAna kizanacanda chAbar3A ke putra the aura 1769 I. se hI rAjya kI sevA meM eka ucca pada para niyukta the tathA 1798 se 1802 I. taka dIvAna bhI rhe| inakI mRtyu 1810 I. meM huii| jayacanda chAbar3A - dIvAna bAlacanda chAbar3A ke pA~ca putroM meM sabase bar3e the aura 1772 I. se 1798 I. taka dIvAna rhe| yaha bar3e dharmAtmA evaM prabhAvazAlI sajjana 1 amaracanda sogAnI - bhayArAma ke putra the aura 1772 I. se 1777 I. taka dIvAna rhe| jIvarAja saMghI - 1773 se 1788 I. taka dIvAna rhe| mohanarAma saMdhI jIvarAja saMghI ke putra the aura 1777 I. se 1780 I. taka dIvAna rhe| zyojIlAla pATanI bindUkA - dIvAna ratanacanda sAha ke putra aura dIvAna Adhunika yuga dezI rAjya : 363

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.: mAtA " . . . amaracanda ke pitA the| yaha 1777 se 1830 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAna rahe ! bar3e bIra, dharmAtmA, zAstrajJa aura sAhityapremI sajjana the| jayapura meM manihAroM ke rAste kA 'bar3e dIvAna jI kA mandira' inhIM ke dvArA 1792 I. meM yanavAyA gayA thaa| aneka granthoM ko pratilipiyoM bhI inhoMne karAyI thI | SA T TA gaMgArAma mahAjana- kAlUrAma mahAjana ke putra the aura 1788 se 1788 I. taka dIvAna rhe| mAgadhanda-sItArAma ke putra the aura 1785 se 1789 I. taka dIvAna rhe| bhagatarAma bagar3A-sukharAma bagar3A ke putra the aura 1785 se 1828 I. taka dIvAna rhe| yaha bar3e udAra sajjana the| inhoMne pahAr3I para zAntinAthajI kI khoha meM lagabhaga tIna lAkha rupayA lagAkara aneka nirmANa kArya karAve the, jinameM tiyArA-bhartRhari evaM zivAlaya bhI the aura 1807 I. meM eka sundara bAvar3I bhI banavAyI thii| rAva bhavAnIrAma-rAva kRpArAma ke bhatIje aura phataharAma ke putra the tathA 1786 se 1799 I. taka dIvAna rhe| sAhityika ruci, caturavinoda ke racayitA aura jyotirvijJa the| rAva jAkhIrAma-rAva bhavAnIrAma ke putra the| inhoMne rAjya kI kAphI sevA kI, dIvAna bhI rahe pratIta hote haiN| paNDita sadAsukha kAsalIvAla-jayapura nivAsI DeDarAja ke vaMzaja dulIcanda ke suputra the| inakA janma 1795 I. ke lagabhaga huA thaa| yaha the to rAjya kI sekA meM, kintu kisI sAdhAraNa se pada para alpa vetana meM hI santuSTa rahakara kArya karate the| rAjyakArya ke atirikta inakA prAyaH pUrA samaya jinavANI ke paThana-pAThana, saiddhAntika carcAoM, sAhitya ke sUjana aura dharma evaM samAja kI sevA meM hI vyatIta hotA thaa| inakI zAstra-pravacana zailI itanI mRda, sarala aura prabhAvaka hotI thI ki zrotA mantramugdha ho jAte the| ratnakaraNDa-zrAvakAdhAra-vadhanikA aura artha-prakAzikA (tatvArthasUtra kI bhASAvanikA) inakI prasiddha evaM lokapriya kRtiyA~ haiN| paNDitapravara jayacanda chAbar3A aura munnAlAla sA~gA inake guru the aura paNDita pannAlAla saMdhI dUnIvAle, nAthUlAla dosI, pArasadAsa nigotyA, seTha mUlacanda sonI Adi inake bhakta ziSya the| santoSI aise the ki rAjA mAdhosiMha ne inake vetana meM vRddhi karane kA vicAra prakaTa kiyA to inhoMne kahA ki mahArAja, vetana vRddhi na karake yadi unheM samaya se eka do ghaNTA pUrva cale jAne kI anumati pradAna kara deM to bar3I kRpA hogI, kyoMki usa samaya kA AtmasAdhana aura sAhitya sRjana meM upayoga kiyA jA skegaa| rAjA Azcaryacakita raha gaye, prasanna bhI hue, unako betama-vRddhi bhI kara dI aura samaya se pUrva cale jAne kI anumati bhI de dii| vRddhAvasthA meM 1864 I. meM inake ikalaute suyogya bIsavarSIya putra gaNezalAla kA asAmayika nidhana ho gayA to inheM bar3A dhakkA lgaa| aise meM inake bhakta ajamera ke seTha mUlacanda sonI inheM apane . . sinstinidioanimatictionaristiani...........:.indina 364 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~ i

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sAtha ajamera le gaye, jahA~ yaha udAsIna yatti se dharma aura sAhitya kI sAdhanA meM punaH laga gaye, kintu kucha hI samaya ke uparAnta inakA samAdhipUrvaka svargavAsa ho gyaa| mRtyu se pUrva jayapura se apane ziSyoM pannAlAla saMghI aura bhaMvaralAla seThI ko bulAkara kahA ki sAhitya kA deza-dezAntaroM meM pracAra karane kA prayatna karo aura eka uttama saMskRta pAThazAlA kI bhI sthApanA kro| guru kI icchAnusAra unhoMne jayapura meM zAstroM kI bar3e paimAne para pratilipiyA~ karane kA kArakhAnA sthApita kiyA aura pAThazAlA bhii| pariNAmasvarUpa kucha hI varSoM meM jayapura ke vidvAnoM dvArA racita granthoM kI sahasroM pratiyauM dUra-dUra taka pahu~ca gyiiN| saMghaI dharmadAsa ne 1795 I. meM Amera durga meM bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti ke upadeza se bimba-pratiSThA karAyI thii| sadAsukha chAbar3A jayacanda chAbar3A ke putra the aura 1800 se 1807 I. taka jayapura rAjya meM dIvAna rhe| amaracandra pATanI-dIvAna ratanacanda sAha ke pautra aura dIvAna zyojIlAla pATanI ke suputra the tathA 1803 se 1835 I. taka jayapura rAjya ke prasiddha dIvAna rahe. he dharmAsAra yA the| apanI havelI ke nikaTa inhoMne eka vizAla jainamandira aura usake sammukha dharmazAlA bnvaayii| mandira kA nirmANa kArya 1815 se 1827 I. taka bAraha varSa calA, jisameM usa yuga meM caudaha haz2Ara rupaye vyaya hue batAye jAte haiN| lakar3I para sone ke kAma kI sundara samavasaraNa racanA bhI bnvaayii| inakA mandira 'choTe dIvAnajI kA mandira' nAma se prasiddha hai| jarUratamandoM ke ghara. anna-vastra Adi cupacApa bhijavA diyA karate the, pAnevAle ko yaha mAlUma hI nahIM hotA ki kisane yaha kRpA kI hai| bahudhA lahuoM meM mohara (svarNamudrA) rakhakara nirdhana vyaktiyoM ke ghara bhijavA dete the| mandira meM svayaM apane hAtha se jhADU lagAte the| nitya devapUjA kA to niyama thaa| aneka vyaktiyoM ko svAdhyAya ke niyama tathA vrata Adi dilavAye the| paNDita jayacanda chAbar3A ke saputra paNDita nandalAla se mUlAcAra kI vanikA likhaayii| aneka granyoM kI pratilipiyoM karAyIM aura svayaM bhI acchA zAstra-saMgraha kiyaa| aneka sAmAjika rUr3hiyoM evaM prathAoM meM bhI sudhAra kiyaa| inake dIvAnakAla ke antima varSoM meM jaba jayapura kA rAjA, sambhavatayA jagatasiMha kA putra evaM uttarAdhikArI savAI mAnasiMha nAbAliga thA to aneka rAjanItika SaDyantra cle| isI prasaMga meM janatA ne eka aMgareja adhikArI ko bhramavaza mAra diyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa a~garejoM kA prakopa rAjadhAnI para ttuuttaa| dIyAnajI ko bhaya huA ki prajA kA vyartha saMhAra hogaa| unhoMne bIratApUrvaka sArA aparAdha apane sira le liyaa| a~garejoM dvArA maThita nyAya samiti ne inheM mRtyudaNDa diyA aura yaha paropakArI dharmAtmA vIra puruSa Atmacintana meM lIna ho zAntacitta se phA~sI ke takhte para car3ha gaye aura mRtyu ko AliMgana kara amara ho gye| Adhunika yuga : desI rAjya :: 365

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rAmacanda (rAyacanda ) chAbar3A - dIvAna bAlacanda chAbar3A ke tRtIya putra aura dIvAna jayacanda chAbar3A ke choTe mAI the aura bar3e vIra, kuzala rAjanItijJa, dharmAtmA evaM prabhAvazAlI vyakti the| udayapura ke rANA bhImasiMha kI sundarI kanyA kRSNakumArI ke sambandha ko lekara jayapura nareza jagatasiMha aura jodhapura nareza mAnasiMha meM saMgharSa huA to dIvAna rAmacandra ne jodhapura ke dIvAna indrarAja siMghavI se milakara use zAnta karane kA bharasaka prayatna kiyA thaa| kintu jodhapura aura jayapura ke kucakrI sAmantoM ne jagatasiMha ko ukasAkara jodhapura para AkramaNa karA diyaa| dIvAna bhI rAjA ke sAtha the aura parAmarza diyA thA ki jodhapuravAloM se na ulajhakara udayapura cale caleM aura rAjakumArI kara kapurakI pAkara indrarAja aura amIrakhA~ piNDArI ne jayapura para AkramaNa kara diyaa| aba dIvAna ne salAha dI ki jayapura calakara pahale apanI rAjadhAnI kI rakSA kreN| rAjA calA to kintu senA thakI huI thI, ataeva dIvAna rAmacanda ne eka lAkha rupayA dekara AkramaNakAriyoM se piNDa chudd'aayaa| dIvAna rAmacanda (rAyacanda ) bar3I dhArmika vRtti ke bhI the| unhoMne aneka yAtrAsaMgha calAkara 'saMghaI' upAdhi prApti kI aura do lAkha rupaye kI lAgata se jayapura meM tIna sundara jinamandira banavAye tathA 1804 I. meM eka bahuta bhArI bimba-pratiSThA karAyI, jisameM pratiSThita sahasroM pratimAe~ uttara bhArata ke jinamandiroM meM dUra-dUra taka phuNciiN| yaha pratiSThA Amera ke bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti ke upadeza se sambhavatayA unhIM ke dvArA karAyI gayI thii| jUnAgar3ha meM bhI unhoMne pratiSThA karAyI batAyI jAtI hai| rAmacanda ke eka bar3e bhAI harizcandra the aura do choTe bhAI viSNucanda aura kRSNacanda the, tathA unakI apanI bhAryA kA nAma rAyAde thaa| rAjA jagatasiMha rasika prakRti kA vilAsI vyakti thaa| rasakapUra nAmaka vezyA para atyadhika anurakta thA / zyAma tivArI kA eka vaMzaja zivanArAyaNa mizra apane pUrvaja ke apamAna kA badalA bhUtapUrva dIvAna bAlacanda chAbar3A ke putra ( rAmacandra ke bhatIje) rUpacanda se lenA cAhatA thaa| vaha usa gaNikA kA bhAI banakara rAjA kA kRpApAtra banA aura avasara dekhakara eka dina naze meM cUra rAjA se AjJA dilA dI ki dIvAna rAmacanda kI pakar3akara jayagar3ha ke kile meM bheja diyA jAe aura jIvita na Ane diyA jaae| jaba rAjA ko hoza AyA to vaha pachatAyA aura dIvAna ko turanta lAne kI AjJA dI, kintu apanI bAta rakhane ke lie yaha bhI kaha diyA ki pahAr3I ke pIche kI ora se rasse ke dvArA use bAhara nikAla lAyA jaae| kintu zatru yahA~ bhI lage the| jaba dIvAna rasse ke sahAre utara rahA thA to rasse ko bIca meM ho kATa diyA gayA aura isa prakAra 1807 I. meM usa dharmAtmA dIvAna rAmacanda kI apamRtyu huii| inhoMne apane samakAlIna paNDita jayacanda chAbar3A ko jIvikopArjana Adi arthacintA se sarvathA mukta karake sarvArthasiddhi-vacanikA jaise granthoM kI racanA karAyI thii| zyojIlAla chAbar3A cainarAma chAbar3A ke putra the aura 1808 I. taka rAjya 366 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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* : 7282424 meM dIvAna rhe| vaha rAjasva vasUlI ke kArya meM atidakSa the. saMskRta bhASA aura jyotiSazAstra ke bhI vidvAna the| inakI havelI ke sAmane kA mArga Aja bhI 'zyojIlAla kA rAstA' kahalAtA hai| bakhatarAma-yaha bhI rAjA jagatasiMha ke samaya meM dIvAna the| jayapura ke caur3e rAste meM yazodAnandajI kA jainamandira inhoMne banavAyA thaa| mannAlAla chAbar3A-dIvAna rApacanda chAvar3A ke putra the aura 1809 se 1812 I. taka rAjya meM dIvAna rhe| kRpArAma chAbar3A-dIvAna rAmacanda chAbar3A ke bhatIje the aura 1812 se 1818 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAna the| yaha kuzala nItijJa aura uccakoTi ke sainya prazAsaka the| rAjya ke lie inhoMne eka bar3I aura zaktizAlI senA saMgaThita kI thI, jisameM dasa hajAra acche sainika the| isI senA ko lakSya karake karnala dAi ne likhA hai ki jagatasiMha ke pAsa jitanI aura jaisI senA thI, kisI anya jayapura nareza ke pAsa nahIM rhii| zekhAvaTI pradeza ke asantuSTa sAmantoM ko vaza meM karane ke lie dIvAna rAmacanda ne inheM vahA~ bhejA thA aura inhoMne bar3I nItimasA ke sAtha sAmantoM kA asantoSa dUra karake unheM vaza meM kara liyA thaa| kRpArAma ke putra zivajIlAla bhI kucha samaya taka dIvAma rhe| likhamIcandra chAbar3A-dausA nivAsI jIvanarAma chAbar3A ke putra the aura 1812 se 1817 I. taka rAjya meM dIvAna rhe| nonadarAma bindUkA dIvAna AratarAma khindUkA ke pAtra the aura 1837 se 1824 I. taka rAjya ke dauvAna rhe| likhamIcandra godhA-bhagatarAma godhA ke putra the 1 yaha bhI 1817 se 1824 I. taka dIvAna rhe| saMdhI a~dhA rAma-1824 se 1834 taka jayapura rAjya ke dIvAna the| yaha kuzala rAjanIlijJa, pratibhAzAlI, sUjhabUjhAvAle, dRDhanizcayI rAjapuruSa aura kaThora prazAsaka the| sAtha hI sthadezabhakta evaM svatantratApremI bhI the| isa yuga meM dezI rAjyoM meM a~gareja loga apane paira jamA rahe the| aura ucita-anucita hastakSepa karate rahate the| saMghIjI nahIM cAhate the ki rAjya a~garejoM kI dAsatA kI ber3iyoM meM jakar3a jaae| agarejoM ko dhana dekara ce unake anucita hastakSepa se rAjya kI rakSA karate rhe| rAjya kI arakSita sImAoM kI surakSA kA bhI unhoMne prabandha kiyA aura zekhAvaTI prAnta ko bhI, jo kAbU se bAhara hotA jA rahA thA, vaza meM rakhane kA prayala kiyaa| kintu bhArata meM aura vizeSakara dezI rAjyoM meM yaha eka aisA sArvabhaumika naitika patana aura svArthaparatA kA yuga thA ki jaba koI samsya ImAnadAra dezabhakta aura kuzala sajamantrI hotA usake aneka virodhI aura zatru utpanna ho jAte aura usake patana ke lie SaDyantra hone lagate / aise hI SaDyantroM kA zikAra dIvAna athAsama saMdhI pI harA aura Adhunika yuga : dezI rAjya :: 367

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mithyA Aropa lagAkara unheM bandIgA meM DAla diyA gyaa| yaha mahArAja jayasiMha ke prasiddha mahAmantrI mohanadAsa ke vaMzaja the| saMdhI hukumacanda-yaha dIvAna saMdhI jhaMthArAma ke bar3e bhAI the aura unhIM ke sAtha sAtha 1824 se 181.4 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAne hai| inake pUrvajoM meM mahArAja jayasiMha ke mukhya mantrI mohanadAsa ke uparAnta aura bhI kaI vyakti rAjya ke dIvAna rahe the| saMdhI hukumacanda senA ke musAhaba the aura inheM rAva bahAdura kI upAdhi milo thii| sammaktayA zRMthArAma ke sAtha hI yaha bhI padacyuta hue| unhoMne lakSmaNa dUMgarI ke nikaTa tIna naziyoM ke sthAna para eka vizAla jinamandira banavAyA thA jo saMghIjI kI naziyoM ke nAma se prasiddha hai| viradhIcanda-~saMdhI hukamacanda ke putra the aura apane pitA ke samaya meM hI unhoMne lagabhaga tIna varSa dIvAnagIrI kI thii| campArAma bhI isI samaya ke lagabhaga jayapura rAjya ke dIvAna the, kintu zAyada kAraNavaza pada kA tyAga karake vRndAvana meM jAkara rahane lage the| inhoMne 1825 meM mUrtipUjA-poSaka jaina-caitya-stava kI racanA kI thI aura 1826 I. meM vRndAvana ke gharagarAma se usakI pratilipi karAyI thii| unake bhAnaje lAlajImala ne to pustaka kI prati usakI racanA ke do mAsa bAda hI karA lI thii| amolakacanda khindUkA-dIvAna nonadarApa ke putra the aura 1825 se 1829 I. taka rAjya ke dIvAna rhe| sampatarAma khindUkA-dIvAna AratarAma ke pautra the aura 1834 se 1899 I. taka rAjya ke dIyAna rhe| mAnakacanda osavAla-1849 se 1855 I. taka rAjA ke dIvAna the| muMzI pyArelAla kAsalIvAla-jayapura rAjya meM kaI ucca padoM para rahe aura 1919 se 1922 I. paryanta tIna varSa rAjya ke rAjasva mantrI rivenyu minisTara) rhe| bharatapura rAjya saMghaI phatahacanda- bharatapura meM jAToM kA rAjya thA, jisane rAjA sUrajamala ke samaya meM bar3I unnati kii| usa kAla meM bharatapura meM cA~duvAigotrI saMghaI kezodAsa ke putra saMghaI mayArAma rAjya ke potadAra (khajAMcI) aura mahArAja ke modI the| unake pazcAt unake jyeSTha putra saMghaI phatahacanda una pardI para rhe| phatahachanda ke choTe bhAI pRthvIrAja the aura jasarUpa evaM jagannAtha nAma ke do putra the| seTha phatahabamda ke Azrita evaM sahAyaka potadAra paNDita madhamala vilAlA the| inake pitAmaha sAha jeThamala Agare ke jaisiMhapura mohalle meM rahate the aura pitA somAcanda evaM bacA gokalacanda bharatapura meM A base the| nathamala vilAlA ne 1767 se 1778 I. parvansa aneka granthoM kI racanA kI thii| inameM se siddhAntasAradIpaka kI racanA inhoMne 1787 36A :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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I. meM ukta seTha phatahacanda ke choTe putra jagannAtha kI preraNA se usI ke prabodha ke lie kI thii| isI samaya ke lagabhaga unhoMne mahAvIrajI kSetra ( jayapura rAjya kA cA~danagA~ zrI saMka skii| sAgavAr3A ke mahArAvala vAgvara (bAgar3a) deza kA zAkapattanapura (zAkabATa, sAgavAr3A) jainadharma kA kendra madhyakAla ke prAyaH prArambha se hI rahatA AyA hai aura 13vIM zatI se to vahA~ bhUla saMghI bhaTTArakoM kI gaddI bhI calI A rahI hai| sAgavAr3A ke mahArAvala jasavantasiMha ne 1836 I. meM sAgavAr3A ke nogAmI ATekacandra sukhacanda tathA anya samasta jaina mahAjanoM ke Avedana para do AjJApatra ( paravAne) jArI kiye the jinameM se eka ke anusAra rAjya ke samasta ghAnikoM ko Adeza diyA gayA thA ki apane kolhU aura ghAniyA~ pratyeka pakSa kI dvitIyA, paMcamI, aSTamI, ekAdazI aura caturdazI tithiyoM meM banda rakheMge, kyoMki unake calAye jAne meM hiMsA hotI hai| dUsare paravAne ke anusAra rAjya ke samasta kalavAroM (kalAloM) ko Adeza diyA gayA thA ki pratyeka aSTamI aura caturdazI ko ve apanI zarAba nikAlane kI bhaTTiyA~ banda rakheMge, kyoMki unake kArya meM jIvahiMsA hotI hai| AjJA kA ullaMghana karane kA daNDa 250 rupaye jurmAnA nirdhArita kiyA gyaa| mahArAvala udayasiMha ne jo sambhavatayA jasavantasiMha ke uttarAdhikArI the, sAha mANakadAsa nogAmI, AdalIcanda Adi sAgavAr3A ke samasta jaina mahAjanoM ko prArthanA para yaha Adezapatra 31 agasta 1854 I. ke dina jArI kiyA thA ki bhAdrapada mAsa meM paryApaNa ke 18 dinoM meM arthAt bhAdrapada kRSNa dvAdazI se bhAdrapada zukla caturdazI paryanta rAjya bhara meM koI bhI vyakti jIvahiMsA nahIM kregaa| bailoM Adi para bojha lAnA aura ina pazuoM ko samaya para dAnA-pAnI na denA bhI hiMsA meM sammilita kiye gaye / isa prakAra ke rAjakIya paravAne anya aneka rAjapUta rAjyoM aura ThikAnoM meM yadA-kadA pracArita hote rahate the| Adhunika yuga dezI rAjya : 369

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wity .... AKATRE Adhunika yuga : a~garejoM dvArA zAsita pradeza jagatseTha zuganacanda murzidAbAda gharAne ke baMgAla ke suprasiddha jagataseTha phatahabanda ke putra yA pautra jagataseTha zumanacanda 1765 I. meM vidyamAna the| usake pazcAt vaha kitane varSa aura jIyita rahe tathA unake vaMzajoM ke sambandha meM nizcita rUpa se jJAta nahIM hai, kyoMki usa samaya ke kucha hI varSoM ke bhItara isa prasiddha seTa vaMza kA patana ho gyaa| zuganacanda ke putra yA pautra sambhavatayA DAlacanda the, jinakA murzidAbAda ke navAba se kucha jhagar3A ho gayA, aura vaha janmabhUmi kA tyAga karake vArANasI meM A base / unakI dharmapatnI bIbI ratanaku~vara (janma 1777 I.) kA mAyakA bhI murzidAbAda meM hI thaa| baha bar3I diduSI evaM zreSTha kavayitrI thI aura unhoMne 'premarala' nAmaka kAvya grantha kI racanA kI thii| zAha mAnikacanda-maMgagotrI ausavAla zAha bulAkIdAsa ke putra aura hugalI nagara ke nivAsI the| inhoMne 1772 I. meM rAjagRha (rAjagiri) ke ratnagiri parvata para sthita prAcIna mandira kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thA aura yahA~ pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ke kamala sadRza caraNa-yugala (caraNa-cihoM) kI sthApanA kI thii| kaTaka ke maMju caudharI bundelakhaNDa ke jhA~sI jile kI maharaunI tahasIla meM sthita kumheDI aparanAma candrApurI grAma meM 1720 I. ke lagabhaga eka ati sAdhAraNa sthiti ke paravAra jAtIya jaina parivAra meM maMju kA janma huA thaa| bAlyAvasthA meM hI mAtA-pitA kA nidhana ho gyaa| zikSA dIkSA kara huI nahIM thI aura jo kucha ghara meM thA, jae ke khela meM samApta kara diyA / nAte-riztedAroM ne koI sahArA nahIM diyA, kintu hIMga Adi ke yaNija-vyApAra ke lie dUra-dara paradezoM meM jAnevAle kamheDI ke banajAroM kA rakta nasoM meM pravAhita thA, sAhasa kI kamI na thii| ataeca bhAgyaparIkSA ke lie akele hI pAva pAde paradeza ke lie nikala pdd'e| mArga meM mehanata-majadUrI karate aura eka dina ke antara se dUsare dina kevala do rUkhI roTI qhAkara mahInoM nirvAha karate hue 37b :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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1740-45 I. ke lagabhaga antataH nAgapura jA phuNce| vahA~ choTA-moTA dhandhA zurU kiyaa| bhAgya ne puruSArtha kA sAtha diyA, acchI sthiti banA lI aura kaTaka ke rAjA mukundadeva ke darabAra meM bhI paiTha hone lgii| jaba 1750 I. ke lagabhama marAThA saradAra raghujI bhoMsale ne nAgapura para adhikAra kara liyA aura 1751 I. meM baMgAla ke navAba para car3hAI karake pUrA uDAsA prAnta usale chAna liyA hamamasila ke mApA dhana maye aura zIghra hI unake rasada vibhAga ke adhyakSa bhii| apanI kAryakuzalatA se bhoMsale ke baha itane vizvAsapAtra ana gaye ki usane inheM kaTaka ke rAjA ke darabAra meM apanA saudharI niyukta kara diyaa| aba maMju caudharI ne svadeza jAkara apanA vivAda kiyA-patnI kA nAma nagInAbAI thA 1 baMgAla ke navAba alIvalA ko ur3IsA prAnta kA hAtha se nikala jAnA bahuta akhara rahA thA aura mausalA rAjA isa samaya ahamadazAha abdAlI ke AkramaNa ke samAcAroM se anyatra vyasta thaa| ataeva navAba ne ur3IsA para car3hAI kara dii| kaTaka ke rAjA ne darabAra meM bIr3A rakhA ki navAba ke AkramaNa kA kauna nidhAraNa kregaa| koI bhI rAjapUta yA marAThA saradAra taiyAra nahIM huaa| taba pIra maMju caudharI ne bIr3A uThA liyA aura senA saMgaThita karake navAba ke pratirodha ke lie cala pdd'e| isa sadalabala dRr3ha virodha ko dekha navAba hatAza ho vApasa laura gyaa| isa ghaTanA se raghujI bhoMsalA aura rAjA mukundadeva donoM hI caudharI se atyanta prasanna hue aura pariNAmasvarUpa maMju caudharI rAjya ke dIvAna aura yAstavika kArya saMcAlaka bana gaye / rAjya kI Aya pacAsa lAkha thI, jisameM se bIsa lAkha vaha bhAgapura ke bhoMsalA darabAra ko bhejate aura zeSa meM apane kaTaka rAjya kA kArya kuzalatA ke sAtha catvAte the| rAjya kI ora se inheM jAgIra bhI milI thI aura nagara meM unhoMne eka nayA bar3A bAjAra basAyA jo Aja paryanta caudharI bAjAra kahalAtA hai| inhoMne 1768 I. ke svAmama nikaTavartI prAcIna jaina tIrtha khaNDagiri para eka vizAla jinamandira banavAyA thA aura svadeza se apane tIna bhAnajoM-bhavAnI, tulasI aura motI...ko bhI apane pAsa bulA liyaa| bhavAnI dAsa to inake rAjyakArya meM bhI inheM acchA sahayoga dene lgaa| Amera ke bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti kI prasiddhi sunakara caudharI ne 1780 I. meM unheM kaTaka meM Amantrita kiyA aura yahA~ unhoMne usakI viduSI evaM sulakSaNA dharmapatnI kI preraNA se jyeSTha jiyavara-pUjA-vratakathA' kI racanA kI / sambhavatayA seThAnI ne unake upadeza se vaha vrata purA karake usakA udyApana bhI kiyA thaa| do varSa bAda jaba caudharI janmabhUmi kumhehI garya to yahA~ bhI unhoMne 1782 I. meM acalasiMha pradhAna se 'puNyAsava kathAkoza' kI prati likhAyI thii| apane dharmakAryoM ke kAraNa maMju caudharI ne 'guNyAdhikArI upAdhi prApta kI thii| apane abhyudaya meM vaha na apanI janmabhUmi ko bhUle, na mAte-riztedAroM ko aura na nija dharma ko hii| kaTaka ke ena prasiddha 'paNyAdhikArI' maja caudharI kA nidhana 1785 I. ke lagabhaga huA lagatA hai| Adhunika yuga : agarejoM dvArA zAsita pradeza :: 571

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bhavAnIdAsa caudharI -upanAma bhavAnI dAdU maMju caudharI kA bhAnajA thA aura unake pada para unake uparAnta pratiSThita huaa| maMju caudharI kA ekamAtra putra lakSmaNa ayogya aura nikammA thA, ataeva nAgapura aura kaTaka ke darabAroM ne bhavAnI dAdU ko hI saudhArita chattarAdhikArI zivaja vikAsa zAha yaha jIti kuzala, kAryadakSa aura vidyApremI thA, mAmA kI puNyAdhikArI' upAdhi bhI isake nAma ke sAtha prayukta hotI thii| usane apane dakSiNI brAhmaNa anucara gopAla yasita se 1787 I. meM 'puNyAsada kathAkoza' kI prati likhAyI thii| caudharI ke putra lakSmaNa ne apanA haka pAsa jAne se kSubdha hokara aMgarejoM kI sahAyatA lene kA prayatna kiyaa| ina dinoM a~garejoM kI zakti aura prabhAva druta vega se phailate jA rahe the, kintu lakSmaNa ke sakala prayatna hone ke pUrva hI usakI mRtyu ho gyii| kahate haiM ki bhavAnI dAdU ne viSa dvArA usakI hatyA karA dI thii| svayaM bhavAnI dAdU kI bhI 1800 I. ke kucha pUrva hI nissantAna mRtyu ho gayI aura usakA choTA bhAI tulasI dAdU caudharI huA, kintu vaha maMju aura bhavAnI jaisA yogya nahIM thaa| san 1803 I. ke anta ke lagabhaga aMgarejoM dvAsa ur3IsA dakhala kara liye jAne para bhoMsalA rAjA aura kaTaka ke mukundadeva ke adhikAroM kA anta huA aura sAtha hI tulasI caudharI kI caugharAhaTa kA bhI ansa ho gyaa| campo bAI ne jo bhavAnI dAdU yA tulasI dAdU kI patnI thI, 1784 aura 1805 I. meM lalA-bajAja dvArA do granyoM kI pratilipiyoM karAyI thiiN| jinadAsa kavi ne 4805 I. meM khaNDagiri kI sasaMgha yAtrA aura caudharI parivAra dvArA vahA~ karAye vArSika utsava kA tathA maMju caudharI dvArA nimApita zikharabanda mandira kA sundara varNana kiyA thaa| tulasI dAdU kI do putriyA~ thIM, jinameM se choTI muktAbAI thii| usakI putrI sonAmAI kA vivAha hIrAlAla modI ke sAtha huA thA, jisane 1840 I. meM pacAsa dhArmika racanAoM ke saMgraha kI pratilipi karAyI thii| usakI pAvaja dhUmAbAI ne usI samaya ke lagabhaga khaNDagiri kA choTA mandira banavAyA thaa| hIrAlAla kI mRtyu ke pazcAt sonAbAI ne apane devara matyUbAbU ke putra IzvaralAla ko goda liyaa| IzvaralAla aura unake putra kapUracanda 1912 I. meM vidyamAna the aura kapUracanda ke putra yA pItra kuMjalAla caudharI hue| rAjA baccharAja nAiTA-avadha ke cauthe mavAba AsaphuholA (1775-1797 I.) ne apane pUrvajoM kI rAjadhAnI phaijAbAda kA parityAga karake lakhanaU ko apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thaa| tabhI se lakhanaU ke vistAra, saundarya, vaibhara aura vyApAra kI vRddhi prArambha huI aura kucha hI varSoM meM usakI gaNanA bhAratavarSa ke prasiddha evaM darzanIya nagaroM meM hone lgii| mahAnagarI dillI kI cakAcauMdha bhI usake sAmane phIkI par3ane lgii| svabhAvataH aneka agnavAla evaM osavAla jaina vyApArI, jauharI Adi bhI bAhara se Akara yahIM basane lge| sambhavatayA inhIM osayAsta jauhariyoM meM maccharAja nAhaTA the jo zIghra hI apanI samAja ke pramukhoM meM tathA rAjyamAnya bhI ho gaye aura 'rAjA' 372 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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. . ... 4 kI padavI se vibhUSita hue| sammAna hai ki vaha navAba ke khAsa joharI tathA kisI ustha pada para bhI pratiSThita hue hiiN| usI samaya ke lagabhaga kharataragacchAcArya jinacandrasAra ko paramparA ke jinaakSayasAra na sodhITolA ke battichattA meM apanI gaddI sthApita kI aura pArzvanAtha svAmI kA mandira banavAyA jo isa nagara kA sarvaprAcIna zvetAmbara mandira hai| ina kAryoM meM rAjA baccharAja nAhaTA kA pUrA prayatna evaM sahayoga rahA pratIta hotA hai| isI rAjyakAla ke anta ke lagabhaga lakhanaU nagara ke zrIsaMgha ne, jisameM 36 zvetAmbara zrAvaka-zrAvikAe~ sammilita the, eka sacina vijJapti-patra bhejakara dillI se ukta jinaakSayasUri ke guru bhaTTAraka jinacandrasUri ko sAdara Amantrita kiyA thaa| sambhava hai isa samaya bhI lakhanaU ke zrIsaMgha ke pramukhoM meM ukta rAjA baccharAja nAhaTA rahe ho| rAjA harasukharAya-- dillI ke musAla bAdazAha zAhaAlama dvitIya (1759-1815 I.) ke samaya zAhI khajAmI aura bAdazAha ke jauharI niyukta hue the| bAdazAhI to nAmamAtra kI hI raha gayI thI, kintu usakI pada-pratiSThA abhI bhI bahuta kucha banI thI, ataH zAhI khajAMcI ke pada kI bhI kAfI pratiSThA thii| yo rAjA sAhaba kA mukhya vyavasAya aneka choTI-bar3I riyAsatoM ke sAtha lena-dena aura sAhukAre kA thaa| vizeSa bAla yaha thI ki vaha bar3e dharmAtmA, bhArI mandira nirmAtA, nirabhimAnI, udAra aura dAnI sajjana the| aneka abhAvagrasta sAdharmI bandhuoM ko vathocita sahAyatA dekara unakA sthitikaraNa karane kI, guptadAna dene kI, sAmAjika maryAdAoM aura naitikatA ko protsAhana dene kI, nija kI khyAti mAna se dUra rahane Adi kI aneka kiMvadantiyA~ unake sambandha se pracalita haiN| unake pUrvaja agravAla jaina sAha dIpacanda hisAra nagara ke prasiddha seTha the| mugala samrATa zAhajI (1627-58 I.) ke samaya meM svayaM bAdazAha ke nimantraNa para vaha dillI (zAhajahAnAbAda) meM Akara basa gaye the| bAdazAha ne unheM sAta-pAceM kI khilaata (ziropAva) dekara sammAnita kiyA thA aura darIce ke sAmane cAra-pA~ca baudhe bhUmi pradAna kI thI, jisapara unhoMne apane solaha putroM ke lie pRthak-pRthaka haliyA~ banavAyI thIM / sAha dIpacanda kI pA~cavIM yA chaThI pIr3hI meM rAjA harasukharAya hue the| inhoMne bAdazAha akabara dvitIya (1806-36 I.) ke samaya, 1807 I. meM, dillI ke dharmapure mohalle kA vaha atyanta bhavya, kalApUrNa evaM manorama jinamandira nirmANa karAyA thA jo sAta varSa meM banakara taiyAra huA thA aura jisameM usa samaya lagabhaga ATha lAkha rupaye lAgata AyI thii| yaha mandira naye mandira ke nAma se prasiddha hai| sabase bar3I bAta yaha hai ki unhoMne ukta mandira para kahIM bhI apanA nAma oNkata nahIM karAyA, apitu usameM bahuta sAdhAraNa-sA nirmANa kArya zeSa chor3akara masalahata se usake lie samAja se sArvajanika candA kiyA aura mandira ko paMcAyatI banA diyaa| prAyaH isI ghaTanA kI punarAvRtti unhoMne usI samaya ke lagabhaga apane dvArA nirmApita hastinApura tIrthakSetra ke vizAla jaina-mandira ke sambandha meM kI Adhunika yuga : a~garezoM dvArA zAsita pradeza :: 373

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thii| vaha sthAna ghora vana ke madhya ujAr3a evaM upekSita par3A thaa| cAroM ora bahasUmAparIkSitagar3ha ke gUjaroM, nIlohe ke jAyeM, gaNezapura ke tagAoM aura mIrApura ke rAMgar3oM kA prAbalya thA, jo bahudhA sarakaza luTere the| jainadharma aura jainoM ke sAtha unakI koI sahAnubhUti nahIM thii| rAjA harasukharAva ne Ar3e samaya meM gUjara rAjA nainasiMha ko eka lAkha rupaye RNa diye the| vaha lauTAne AyA to lene se inakAra kara diyA aura kaha diyA ki yaha rupayA zrI hastinApura tIrthakSetra ke uddhAra ke nAma likha diyA gayA hai, ataeva rAjA sAhaba uRNa honA cAheM to apane saMrakSaNa meM vahA~ jaina mandira banAne / rAjA saharSa taiyAra ho gayA aura mandira bana gyaa| pUrNa hone para seThajI ne pUre pradeza kI samAja ko ekatrita kiyA, bhArI melA kiyA aura nAmamAtra kA candA karake mandira samAja ko samarpita kara diyaa| unhoMne anya aneka mandira yatra-tatra banavAve, kintu kisI apanA jAla bahu ke lie dharma karate haiM, kintu kIrti aise hI udAramanA mahAnubhAvoM ko amara hotI hai jo niHsvArtha samarpaNa bhAva se aise kArya karate haiN| rAjA suganacandra- rAjA harasukharAya ke svanAmadhanya suputra the, unhIM jaise dharmaniSTha, samAjaniSTha, nirmAtA, udAramanA aura dAnavIra the| kahate haiM ki ina donoM pitA-putroM ne vibhinna sthAnoM meM koI sATha-sattara jinamandira banavAye the| hastinApura kA mandira sambhavatayA lAlA harasukharAya ke nidhana ke uparAnta seTha suganacandra ne hI pUrA karAyA thA, banAnA unake pitA ke samaya meM 1805 I. ke lagabhaga hI zurU ho gayA thaa| pitA ke nidhana ke bAda seTha suganacandra ko rAjA kI upAdhi milI aura zAhI khajAMcI pada bhI calatA rhaa| unhoMne bhI kisI mandira ke sAtha apanA nAma sambaddha nahIM kiyaa| isa kAla meM bAdazAha kI bAdazAhI lAlakile ke bhItara hI sImita ho calI thI aura vaha a~garejoM kA penzanadAra sarIkhe hI thaa| nagara para a~gareja adhikAriyoM kA zAsana thA, kintu rAjA suganacandra usa samaya bhI zAhI khajAMcI bane rahe aura a~gareja adhikArI bhI unheM mAnate the / svAtantrya samara ( 1857 I.) ke kucha pUrva hI unakA svargavAsa ho gayA lagatA hai| unakI udAratA, sAdharmI - vAsalya dAnazIlatA evaM samAjaniSThA ke sambandha meM bhI aneka kiMvadantiyA~ pracalita haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki dharmapure ke mandira ke pUrNa hone ke uparAnta jaba samArohapUrvaka usakI pratiSThA kI gayI to musalamAnoM ne hamalA karake sArA kImatI sAmAna lUTa liyA, kintu ina seTha dvaya ke prabhAva se bAdazAha ne apane hukma se yaha saba sAmAna luTeroM se vApasa dilA diyA thaa| usa mandira kI saMgamaramara kI vedI meM patrIkArI kA qImatI kAma aura usakI sUkSma sakSaNakalA Aja bhI darzakoM kA mana moha letI hai / dillI kA prathama zikharabanda jaina mandira bhI yahI hai| mugalakAla meM zikharabanda mandira banAne kA niSedha thA, vizeSa zAhI anumati prApta karake hI seTha sAhaba aisA kara sake the| isake atirikta dillI ke anya tIna mandira aura hisAra, pAnIpata, Amera, 374 : pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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1E sAMgAnera, sonAgiri Adi sthAnoM meM ina seToM ne sundara jina-mandira banavAye the| avadha ke navAba vAjidaalI zAha ne seTha suganacandra kA eka vizAla svajaTita citra banavAkara unheM bheMTa kiyA thaa| caudharI hiradaisahAya-rAjasthAna ke kizanagar3ha rAjya ke caudharI ratmapAla nAmaka jaina sAmanta apane rAjA se kisI kAraNa ruSTa hokara bundelakhaNDa ke canderI nagara meM A base the| kucha kA kahanA hai ki vaha jayapura rAjya ke hiNDauna nagara se Aye the| canderI (candragiri, candravatI yA candrAvatI) candelakAlIna prAcIna nagara thA aura isa kAla meM vIrasiMha bundele ke bhAI rAmazAha ke vaMzaja dhundele rAjapUtoM ke eka choTe-se rAjya kI rAjadhAnI thii| ratnapAla boharAgotrI khaNDelavAla jaina the aura canderI ke rAjA kI sevA meM niyukta ho gaye the, tathA use prasanna karake unhoMne usase jAgIra bhI prApta kI thii| unake do putra the jinameM choTA tArAcanda musalamAna hokara samrATa auraMgajesa jhA kRpApAtra ho gayA aura vanderI kA phaujadAra niyukta ho gayA, kintu nissansAna hI mara gyaa| usake bar3e bhAI ke vaMzaja canderI ke bundale ThAkuroM ke caudharI calate rhe| inameM 19vIM zatI ke prArambha ke lagabhaga caudharI hiradesahAya hue jinakI 'caudharI' ke atirikta 'savAI' aura 'rAjadhara' upAdhiyoM bhI thiiN| jaba 1806 I. meM daulatarAva sindhiyA ne canderI para adhikAra kara liyA to usane bhI inheM inake paitRka pAda para pratiSThita rakhA aura nayI jAgIreM bhI dIM / phatahasiMha aura mardanasiMha sambhayatayA hiradaisahAya ke choTe bhAI yA putra the aura inake sAtha inake rAjakIya kAryoM meM yoga dete the| phatahasiMha to zAyada phaujadAra bhI niyukta ho gaye the| isa caudharI parivAra ke kAryavAhaka (kArindA yA gumAztA) lAlA sabhAsiMha the, jinhoMne 1816 se 1835 I. ke bIca aneka dharmakArya evaM nirmANa kiye| unameM bhI ina caudhariyoM kA pUrA sahayoga thaa| svarNa caudharI hiradaisahAya ne rAmanagara meM eka mahAn pUjotsaba parva rathotsava karAvA batAyA jAtA hai| siMghaI sabhAsiMha ajagotrI khaNDelavAla jaina ghe aura canderI ke caudharI savAI rAjadhara, hirasahAya tathA caudharI phatahasiMha aura caudharI mardanasiMha ke pradhAna kArakuna the| inakI dharmapatnI kA nAma kamalA thA aura yaha bar3e kAryakuzala, udAra aura dharmotsAhI the| inhoMne 1816 I. meM canderI se ATha mIla dUra atizayakSetra yUyaoNlajI (tapovana) meM eka vizAla jinamandira banavAyA thA jisameM bhagavAna AdinAtha kI dezI pASANa kI 35 phuTa uttuMga khagAsana pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| usa pratimA para aMkita lekha meM daulatarAva sindhiyA, usake phiraMgI senApati karnala jIna bauSTisTa, caudharI savAI rAjadhara hiradaisahAya, caudharI phatahasiMha, unake gumAste ina sabhAsiMha aura unakI bhAryA kamalA ke nAma aMkita haiN| yaha mulasaMgha-sarasvatIgadhA-balAtkAragaNakundakanchAmnAya ke anuyAyI the| inhIM samAsiMha ne 1827 I. meM gvAliyara ke bhaTTAraka surendrabhUSaNa ke adhIna sonAgiri (svarNagiri, zramaNagiri) ke bhaSTrAraka vijayakIrti ke Adhunika yuga : a~garezoM dvArA zAsita pradeza :: 373

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ziSya paNDita paramasukha evaM paNDita bhAgIratha ke upadeza se ukta siddhakSetra sonAgiri para samArohapUrvaka paMcakalyANaka pratiSThA karAyI thii| kahate haiM ki datiyA ke rAjA ne, jisake rAjya meM sonAgiri sthita thA, isakI vezabhUSA dekhakara inheM sAdhAraNa baniyA samajha upekSA kI to inhoMne miTTI ke bartano, donA, pattaloM Adi se hI bharakara saikar3oM dailagAr3iyoM kA tAMtA lagA diyaa| rAjA ko mUla mAlUma huI, kheda prakaTa kiyA aura pUrNa sahayoga kA vacana diyaa| sabhAsiMha bole, 'mahArAja maiM tarAjU tolanevAlA baniyA nahIM haiM, maiM to rAjA-raIsoM ko tolatA huuN|' inhoMne sonAgiri meM eka mandira banavAyA thA aura 1836 I. meM sonAgiri ke bhaTTAraka haracandrabhUSaNa ke upadeza se canderI meM suprasiddha caubIsI-mandira banavAyA, jisameM caubIsa garbhagRha haiM aura pratyeka meM eka-eka tIrthaMkara kI purANoktavA (do zyAma, yo harita, do khata aura solaha taptasvarga) kI samAna mApa kI, prAyaH puruSAra, padAsana, pApamayI, kalApUrNa evaM manojJa pratimAe~ pratiSThita kii| manderI kI yaha caubIsI abhUtapUrva hai| kahate haiM ki apanI pratiSThA meM unhoMne hI sarvaprathama gajaratha calAyA thA aura saMghAdhipati yA siMghaI upAdhi prApta kI thii| tabhI se bundelakhaNDa meM yaha prathA clii| sanderI ko lekara varSoM se bundeloM aura marAThoM kA vigraha cala rahA thA, jisakA anta 1836 I. ko sandhi dvArA huA aura sandhi ke karAne meM caudharI phatahasiMha ke pratinidhi yaha sabhAsiMha pramukha the| bAbU zaMkaralAla-Asamanagara (ArA) niyAsI, bhaTTAraka mahendrabhUSaNa kI AmnAya ke, kanila (kaMsala) gotrI agravAla jaina sAha dazanAvarasiMha ke putra the| svayaM inake ratanacandra, kIrticanda, gupAlananda aura pyArIlAla nAma ke cAra putra the| agarejI rAjya thA, jaba 1819 I. meM usa kArudhyadeza (vihAra kA bhojapurI pradeza) ke masAdanagara ke jinamandira meM ina bAbU zaMkaralAla ne apane cAroM putroM sahita bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI pratimA pratiSThApita kI thii| sAhu horIlAla-prayAga (ilAhAbAda) nivAsI, kASThAsaMdhI bhaTTAraka lalitakIrti kI AmnAya ke, goyalagotrI agravAla-jaina seTha rAyajImala ke anuja pherUmala ke pautra, meharacanda aura sumeracanda ke bhatIje tathA mANikacanda ke putra sAhu horIlAla ne a~garejabahAdura ke rAjya meM kauzAmbInagara ke bAhara jinendra padyaprabhu ke dIkSA-kalyANaka sthala prabhAsa-parvata para 4824 I. meM pArzvanAtha-pratimA pratiSThita karAyI thii| sAligarAma khajAMcI-rAjA rAmasiMha ke putra aura sahAranapura nagara ke saMsthApaka sAharanavIrasiMha ke vaMzaja the aura dillI ke a~garez2a adhikAriyoM dvArA 1625 I. meM sarakArI khajAMcI niyukta hue the, sAtha hI gvAliyara evaM alavara rAjyoM ke bhI khajAMcI the| unakI mRtyu ke uparAnta unake putra dharmadAsa bhI sarakArI khajAMcI rhe| madhusa ke seTha-murzidAbAda (baMgAla) ke jagat-seThoM kA jisa kAla meM prAyaH nAmazeSa ho rahA thA, usI ke lagabhaga pathurA ke seTha dharAne kA udaya prArambha huaa| 378 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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m Ma In jayapura rAjya ke mAlapurA gA~va meM jinadAsa nAmaka eka ati sAdhAraNa sthiti ke khaNDelavAla zrAvaka rahate the| phatahacanda aura manIrAma unake do putra the jo jIvikA kI khoja meM jayapura cale gye| manIrAma vahA~ bhI na Tike aura paradeza ke lie nikala pdd'e| mArga meM eka dharmazAlA meM eka sAdhAraNa se laganevAle sajjana ko atyanta rugNa avasthA meM chaTapaTAte dekhakara inhoMne mAnavatA ke nAte unakI sevA-zuzrUSA aura Tere paricaya karake unheM akAla-mRtyu ke mukha se bacA liyaa| vaha sajjana vAstava meM gvAliyara ke sindhiyA nareza ke rAjyamAnya gujarAtI seTha rAdhAmohana pArIkha the| unake svArthI nokara-cAkara unakI duravasthA meM unheM yahA~ chor3a aura unakA saba mAlamatA lekara campata ho gaye the| ghArIkhajI manIrAma se atyanta upakRta evaM prasanna ho aura unakA vRttAnta jAna unheM apane sAtha gvAliyara liyA le gaye aura unheM kapar3e ke vyavasAya meM lagA diyaa| sindhiyA rAjA kI mahArAnI baijAbAI ke pArIkhajI vizvasta kRpApAtra aura nijI jauharI the| usane senA dvArA ujjaina kI lUTa meM prApta vipula dravya inheM dekara mathurA meM mandira banavAne ke lie kahA, ataeva pArIkhajI manIrAma ko sAtha lekara mathurA A gaye aura vahIM basakara sAhUkAre kA kArabAra zurU kara diyA aura saba bhAra manIrAma para DAlakara svayaM bhagavadbhajana meM laga gye| yaha vaiSNava the, ataeva mahArAnI ko aura unakI icchAnusAra rAnI dvArA pradatta dravya se seTa manIrAma ne mathurA meM dvArakAdhIza kA suprasiddha mandira banavAyA / zraurAsI para jambUsvAmI kA mandira bhI inhoMne banavAyA thA, aura 1825 I. meM chahaDhAlA' ke kartA paNDita daulatarAma ko apane pAsa sulAkara rakhA thaa| pArIkhajI nissantAna the, ataeva unhoMne seTha manIrAma ke jyeSTha putra lakSmIcanda ko apanA uttarAdhikArI bnaayaa| seTha lakSmIcanda bar3e pratApI, prabhAvazAlI, udAra, dhArmika aura vyavasAyacatura the| unake samaya meM mathurA ke seTa gharAne kA vaibhava aura pratiSThA apane caramotkarSa para the| dUra-dUra unakI khyAti thI aura unakI huNDI sarvatra nissaMkoca sakArI jAtI hai| isa pradeza meM a~gareja kampanI kA zAsana jama cukA thA aura usake sabhI choTe-bar3e adhikArI tejI kA bar3A sammAna karate the| unake balapauruSa, sAhasa, nirabhimAnatA evaM Ana-ba kI kaI kiMvadantiyA~ pracalita haiN| san 1857 I. ke viplava meM seThajI ne eka ora aMgarejoM kI rakSA aura sahAyatA kI to dUsarI ora viplaviyoM aura aMgarejoM ke utpIr3ana se mathurA kI janatA kI bhI bharasaka rakSA kii| usa kAla meM kucha samaya taka to mathurA nagara aura AsapAsa ke kSetra para seThoM kA hI ekachatra zAsana rahA / zAnti sthApita hone para a~garez2a sarakAra ne bhI unakI sarAhanA kI aura janatA meM bhI vaha aura adhika lokapriya ho gye| seTha lakSmIcanda svayaM jainadharma ke parama zraddhAlu the, kintu unake bhAI rAdhAkizana aura govindadAsa vaiSNava guruoM ke bhakta the aura unhoMne vRndAvana nivAsI raMgAcArya kI preraNA se, jaba seTha lakSmIcanda vizAla saMgha lekara tIrthayAtrA ke lie gaye hue the, vRndAvana meM raMgajI kA ati vizAla Adhunika yuga a~gareja dvArA zAsita pradeza 377

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," vaiSNava- mandira banavAnA zurU kara diyaa| yAtrA se lauTane para seThajI ne saba samAcAra jAnakara bhI kucha na kahA aura apane bhAiyoM kI bAta rakhane ke lie mandira kA kArya apanI dekhare meM pUrA para usake tathA dvArakAdhIza ke mandira ke rakharakhAva ke lie jAgIreM bhI lagA diiN| unake suputra evaM uttarAdhikArI seTha raghunAthadAsa bhI pratibhAsampanna aura jainadharma ke parama zraddhAlu the| caurAsI ke mandira meM bhagavAn ajitanAtha kI vizAla pratimA inhoMne gvAliyara se lAkara pratiSThita kI thii| caurAsI kSetra kA aSTa-divasIya kArtikI melA aura rathotsava bhI inhoMne hI prArambha kiyA thA | rAjA lakSmaNadAsa - mathurA ke seTha raghunAthadAsa kI nisantAna mRtyu hone para unake uttarAdhikArI hue| yaha unake cacA rAdhAkizana ke putra the aura raghunAthadAsa kI goda ho gaye the| inakA janma 1853 I. meM huA thaa| dharma ke viSaya meM inhoMne apane janma pitA rAdhAkizana ke bajAya dharmapitA seTha raghunAthadAsa kA anukaraNa kiyaa| apane samaya meM Apa jaina samAja ke pramukha netA the| inhoMne 1884 I. meM bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA kI sthApanA kii| mathurA meM usake kaI adhivezana kiye aura ukta avasaroM evaM kArtikI mele para samasta Agata atithiyoM kA vaha premapUrNa Atithya karate the| bar3e sAdharmIvatsala the| inakI preraNA se mahAsabhA ne caurAsI kSetra para apanA mahAvidyAlaya bhI sthApita kiyA thaa| a~gareja sarakAra ne inheM 'rAjA' aura sI. AI.I. kI upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiyA thaa| svayaM vAyasarAya lArDa karjana ne eka bAra mathurA Akara inakA Atithya grahaNa kiyA thaa| jayapura, bharatapura, gvAliyara, dhaulapura, rAmapura Adi riyAsatoM ke narezoM se inake maitrI sambandha the / janasAmAnya meM bhI lokapriya the, kyoMki binA kisI dhArmika yA jAtIya bhedabhAva ke sabhI jarUratamandoM kI vaha udAratApUrvaka sahAyatA karate the| bar3e rAjyocita ThATabATa se rahate the| Ana-bAna, mAna-pratiSThA pUrvajoM se kucha adhika hI thI, kintu aneka kAraNoM se jinameM sarakAra kI nIti bhI thI, inakI Arthika sthiti kucha khokhalI ho calI thI, balki kalakatte kI gaddI ke munIma kI mUrkhatA ke kAraNa to inakA vyavasAya prAyaH phela hI ho gyaa| kintu rAjA sAhaba ne apane jIte jI ho sabhI denadAroM kA paisA-paisA cukatA kara diyaa| phira bhI lAkhoM kI sampatti baca rhii| mAtra 47 varSa kI Ayu meM 1900 I. meM rAjA lakSmaNadAsa kA nidhana huA / inake putra seTha dvArakAdAsa aura dAmodaradAsa the| dvArikAdAsa kI bhI alpAyu meM mRtyu ho gayI thI to unake uttarAdhikArI choTe bhAI dAmodaradAsa hue / unake putra seTha mathurAdAsa the, kintu dvArikAdAsa kI seThAnI ne gopAladAsa ko apanA dattaka putra banAyA jinake putra bhagavAnadAsa hue| mathurA ke seTha varAne kA patana ho cukA thaa| rAjA zivaprasAda sitArehinda-prasiddha jagatseTa ke vaMzaja DAlacanda aura unakI viduSI bhAryA bobI ratanaku~vara ke pautra aura uttamacanda ke suputra the| inake 378 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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pitAmaha ke samaya se vArANasI hI isa parivAra kA nivAsa sthAna thaa| zivaprasAda bar3e medhAvI, suzikSita, bahubhASAvijJa, vividha viSayapaTu evaM rAjamAnya mahAnubhAva the| kAzInareza IzvarInArAyaNasiMha, avadha ke navAba vAjidaalIzAha Adi kaI tatkAlIna nareza inakA bar3A mAna karate the| vaha vAyasarAya kI lejisleTiva kauMsila ke sadasya niyukta hue aura 1874 I. meM 'rAjA' evaM sI. AI.I. ( sitArehinda ) upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita kiye gaye | pazcimottara prAnta (vartamAna uttarapradeza) meM rAjakIya zikSA vibhAga kI sthApanA hone para vaha pUre prAnta ke lie sarvaprathama vidyAlaya nirIkSaka (insapekTara oNpha skUlsa) niyukta hue| prAnta ke prArambhika gajeTiyaroM ke nirmANa meM a~gareja adhikAriyoM ne inase sahAyatA lI thI aura jarnala kaniMghama jaise purAtatva sarvekSaka inheM apanA 'meDala hosta' kahate haridA Adi kaI pustakeM bhI inhoMne likhIM / adAlatoM meM hindI kA praveza karAnA, skUloM meM hindI zikSA kI ucita vyavasthA karanA, hindI meM chAtropayogI evaM lokopayogI pustakoM kA nirmANa karanA va karAnA ityAdi apane kAryoM ke kAraNa vaha Adhunika kAla meM hindI pracAra ke sarvaprathama puraskartA the| svayaM bhAratendu harizcandra unheM apanA guru mAnate the / rAya badrIdAsa-mUlataH lakhanaU ke prasiddha jauhariyoM ke zrImAla vaMza meM utpanna hue the| lakhanaU kI navAbI kI DA~vADola sthiti aura a~garejoM ke bar3hate hue prabhAva ko dekhakara 1853 I. ke lagabhaga yaha saparivAra kalakattA cale gaye aura vahA~ kucha hI varSoM meM apanI ImAnadArI, sAkha, vyavasAya- paTutA evaM adhyavasAya ke bala para usa mahAnagarI ke pramukha jauhariyoM meM gine jAne lge| san 1871 I. meM vAyasarAya lAI meyo ne inheM apanA 'mukIma niyukta kiyA aura yaha 'rAyabahAdura' upAdhi se vibhUSita kiye gye| yaha aura inakA parivAra bar3A dhArmika thA / yaha bahudhA kalakattA kI dAdAbAr3I meM Thahare yatiyoM ke darzanArtha jAyA karate the| usa sthAna ke nikaTa hI eka bar3A tAlAba thA jisameM loga machaliyoM kA zikAra kiyA karate the| yaha dekhakara dayAdharma ke pAlaka ina zrAvakoM ko bar3I glAni hotI thii| eka dina inakI dharmaprANa jananI ne inase kahA ki yaha jIva-hiMsA banda honI cAhie, aura basa inhoMne vaha pUrA kSetra mu~ha mA~ge dAma dekara kharIda liyaa| itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne usa sthAna kI bharAyI karAke vahA~ eka sundara vizAla udyAna lagAyA jisameM vaha bhavya kalApUrNa evaM manorama jinamandira banAyA jo mArDana Tempala' (udyAna mandira) ke nAma se prasiddha hai aura tabhI se deza-videza ke paryaTakoM ke lie darzanIya AkarSaNa kendra banA huA hai| mandira kA nirmANa 1867 I. meM pUrNa huA aura svaguru kalyANasUri ke upadeza se unhoMne usameM zItalanAtha bhagavAn kI upayukta pratimA pratiSThita karane kA nizcaya kiyaa| aisI pratimA kI khoja meM rAya badrIdAsa ne dUra-dUra kI yAtrA kii| antataH eka camatkAra ke pariNAmasvarUpa AgarA meM eka sthAna kI khudAI karAne para eka bhUmistha prAcIna dehare meM yaha pratimA prApta huii| harSavibhora ho vaha usa pratimA ko Adhunika yuga a~garejoM dvArA zAsita pradeza : 379

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S. kalakatA lAye aura svaguru se use ukta mandira meM pratiSThita karAyA, ataevaM yaha mandira zItalanAtha mandira ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| rAya badrIdAsa nahIM rahe aura unake kula meM bhI koI haiM yA nahIM, kintu isa mandira ne unakI kIrti ko amara kara diyaa| bambaI ke seTha mANikayandra kI preraNA aura sahayoga se unhoMne eka a~garez2a dvArA zikharajI para kholA gayA sUara kA kArakhAnA banda karavA diyA thaa| usa dhurA ke digambara evaM zvetAmbara, ubhayasamAjoM ke metAoM ke paraspara sauhArda evaM sahayoga kA yaha eka udAharaNa hai| DipTI kAlerAya-sultAnapura (jilA sahAranapura) nivAsI gargagotrI agravAla jaina dUdarAja ke vaMzaja phUDemala ke tIna putroM meM se majhAye patra the| 1804 I. meM inakA janma huA thaa| inake pUrvaja pandrahavIM zatI meM usa kasbe meM A base the aura samrATU akabara ke samaya se isa vaMza ke loga kAnUnago hote Aye the, jamIMdArI bhI banA lI thI 1 inake pitA kamala ko 1803 I. meM a~gareja adhikAriyoM ne paramane kA kAnUnago evaM caudharI banAyA thA aura anta meM tahasIladAra hokara 1828 I. meM unakI mRtyu ho gayI thii| unake putra kAlerAya ne dasa rupaye kI sAdhAraNa sarakArI naukarI se jIvana Arambha kiyA aura unnati karate-karate DipTI kalakTara bana gaye tathA anta meM pA~ca sau rupayA vetana pAte the| inhoMne kAphI jamIdArI pado kI, aneka makAna, bAza Adi ghamAye, kaI jagaha mandira aura dharmazAlA bhI bnvaayii| uttara pradeza aura paMjAba ke kaI ghiAloM meM inhoMne rAjasva kA bandobasta kiyaa| bar3e ThATabATa se rahate ze aura apane parivAravAloM evaM nAte-riztedAroM kI barAbara sahAyatA karate the| san 1857 I. meM rAjakIya saMza se avakAza liyA aura 1860 I. meM inakA nidhana huaa| Ajakala DipTI kalakTara kA pada vizeSa mahattva nahIM rakhatA, kintu usa puSa meM aura bIsavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha paryanta eka bhAratIya ke lie isa pada para pahu~canA bar3I bAta samajhI jAtI thii| ataeca jaina DipTI kalakTaroM kI paramparA meM kAlerAya ke bAda meraTha ke DipTI ujAgaramala, nahaTaura ke DipTI mandakizora, kAnapura ke DipTI dhampattarAya Adi nAma ullekhanIya haiN| paNDita prabhudAsa-bihAra prAntastha Asanagara ke agravAla jana sampanna jamIMdAra the, sAtha hI bar3e dharmaniSTha, saMskRtajJa, zAstrajJA, caritravAn, 'dAnI aura udAramanA samjana the| apanI vidvattA ke kAraNa bAbU ke sthAna meM paNDita kahalAne lage the| inhoMne 1956 I. meM vArANasI meM gaMgAnadI ke bhadainI ghATa para supAyanAya kA mandira aura dharmazAlA banavAyI thI aura usI samaya ke lagabhaSa bhagavAn candraprabhu kI janmabhUmi candrapurI meM bhI gaMmAtaTa para jinamandira banavAyA thaa| chahaDhAlA (1834) ke racayitA prasiddha AdhyAtmika santa paNDita daulatarAmajI (1800-1886 I.) ke bhI samparka meM Aye aura unakA bahuta Adara karate the| prabhudAsajI itane dRDhavratI the ki cAlIsa varSa paryanta nirantara ekAhArI rahe / unakA nidhana cauMsaTha varSa kI Ayu meM huaa| unake ekamAtra 980 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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putra bAbU candrakumAra the, jinhoMne kauzAmbI meM jinamandira banavAyA thA, kintu 31 (34) varSa kI alpAyu meM hI unakA dehAnta hI gayA thaa| seTha mUlacanda sonI-ajamera ke khaNDelavAla sonIvaMza meM utpanna yaha eka sampanna, pratiSThita, udAramanA, vidvatajanapremI aura dharmiSTha seTha the| jayapura ke paNDita sadAsukhajI ke vaha bhakta-ziSya the aura putra-viyoga se santrasta vRddha gurutrI ko 1864 I. meM apane sAtha le Akara ajamera meM AdarapUrvaka rakhA thaa| AgarA ke paNDita baladevadAsa pATanI kA bhI seThajI bar3A Adara karate the aura unake nimantraNa para paNDitajI bahudhA ajamera jAte rahate the| isa nyuma meM umA sodharane isa inake samaya meM vizeSa huaa| mahAsabhA ke 1898 I. ke mathurA adhivezana ke samaya seTha mUlacandra vidyamAna the| isake suputra rAya bahAdura nemIcandra bhI bar3e dharmAtmA aura prabhAvazAlI the| ajamera kI kalApUrNa sundara seThoM kI naziyoM kA nirmANa seTha mUlacanda ne 1864 I. meM prArambha kiyA thA aura seTha nemIcandra ne use pUrA karAyA thaa| unake suputra sayabahAdura TIkamacanda sonI bhI bar3e dharmAtmA the aura mahAsabhA ke pramukhoM meM se the| inhoMne aneka dharmakArya kiye| inhIM ke suputra vartamAna sara seTha bhAgacanda sonI haiN| seTha vinodIrAma seThI-jhAlarApATana ke seThI gharAne ke pramukha prasiddha vyApArI aura dharmAtmA sajjana the| inake suputra seTha bAlacanda seThI unnIsavIM zatI ke uttarArtha meM jaina samAja ke eka prasiddha rAjamAnya, vidyApremI aura dharmiSTha vyavasAyI the| vinodIrAma-dAlacanda milsa ke nirmAtA aura jhAlarApATana meM sarasvatI bhaNDAra ke saMsthApaka the| AgarA ke paNDila baladevadAsa pATanI ke bhakta aura unake zAstra-pravacanoM ke pramukha zrotAoM meM se the| paNDitajI kI 'AspasAra-prabodhazataka' pustaka unhoMne hI 1893 I. meM prakAzita karAyI thii| ukta pustaka meM eka rekhAcitra hai jisameM paNDitajI zAstra-pravacana kara rahe haiM aura unake sammukha cAra zrotA vinayapUrvaka baiThe suna rahe haiM, jinameM se eka para 'seTha bAlacandajI' aMkita hai| seTha bAlacanda ke suputra rAyabahAdura lAjirulmulka sathA mAnikapura (jhAlAvAr3a rAjya) ke bhAgIradAra seTha mAnikacanda seThI aura seTha naimivanda seThI jhAlarApATana bambaI Adi ke aillaka-pannAlAla-sarasvatI-bhaNDAroM ke saMsthApaka, dharma aura vidhApremI yaha seThI bandhu rahe haiN| seTha mANikacanda je.pI. (1851-1914 I.)-mevAr3adeza ke bhIDara rAjya ke nivAsI mantrezvaragotrI bIsAhUmar3a zAha gumAnajI 1783 I. meM janmabhUmi ko chor3akara sUrata nagara meM A base the aura vahIM unhoMne afIma kA apanA paitRka vyApAra zurU kara diyaa| yaha dhArmika evaM sAttvika vRtti ke puruSArthI vyakti the| hIrAcanda aura bakhatacanda inake do putra hue| sAha hIrAcanda ne vyApAra meM acchI unnati kI aura samAja meM bhI acchI pratiSThA banA lo 1 unhIM ke prayatna evaM sakriya sahayoga se sUrata Adhunika yuga : a~garejoM dvArA zAsita pradeza :: 981

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ke candraprabhu-mandira kA jIrNoddhAra hokara 1842 I. meM pratiSThA huI thii| yaha mandira pUrNatayA vyasta ho gayA thA aura bar3A mandira kahalAtA hai| unakI suzIlA evaM dharmAtmA patnI bijalIbAI thI, jisase unake motIcanda, pAnAcanda, mANikananda aura javalacanna nAmaka cAra putra aura hemakumArI evaM maMchAkumArI nAma kI do putriyoM huii| inameM se seTha mANikacanda kA janma 1851 I. kI dhanaterasa ke dina huA thaa| sUrata meM vyApAra mandA par3a gayA to 1863 I. meM hIrAcanda saparivAra bambaI cale aaye| yahA~ inake cAroM putra motI pirone kA kArya karane lage aura zanaiH zanaiH usameM dakSa ho gye| inameM bhI mANikacanda sarvAdhika dakSa hue aura 1864 I. meM hI ina logoM ne bambaI meM apanA sthatantra motiyoM evaM javAharAta kA vyApAra jamA liyaa| do varSa ke bhItara hI mANikayanda-pAnAcanda jauharI nAma kI pharma prasiddha ho clii| apanI mitavyayitA ImAnadArI, sAkha, kAryakuzalatA, vyApAra-cAturya aura adhyavasAya ke bala para pharma ne atizaya unnati kI aura videzo se sIdhe vyApAra karane lgii| aba seTha mANikacanda bambaI ke pradhAna jauharI the, adUTa dhana thA, a~gareja sarakAra se bhI sammAna milA aura yaha AnarerI "jasTisa oNpha dI pIsa' (je.pI.) banA diye gye| pUrA parivAra parama dhArmika thA aura vaha svayaM to apane samaya ke prAyaH sarvamahAn saMskRti-saMrakSaka, samAja-sudhAraka, vidyA-pracAraka, udAra, dAnavIra aura dharmiSTha the| unhoMne samAja meM jAgRti utpanna karane ke lie pUre deza kA bhramaNa kiyA, sthAna-sthAna meM svayaM Arthika sahayoga aura preraNA dekara borDiMga hAusa (jaina chAtrAvAsa) sthApita kraaye| aneka chAtravRttiyA~ dii| bambaI prAntika mahAtabhA, mANikacandra-parIkSAlaya, mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA, sAptAhika jainamitra Adi kI sthApanA kii| tIrthoM ke uddhAra evaM saMrakSaNa meM bhI yoga diyA, mandira aura dharmazAlAe~ bhI banavAyIM, samAja kI karItiyoM ko dUra karane ke lie abhiyAna calavAye, jinavANI ke uddhAra ke prayatna kiye, aneka vidvAnoM ko praznaya diyA aura 1934 I. meM diyambara jaina DAyarekTarI' prakAzita kraayo| mahAna kamaMTa dharmasevI evaM samAjasevI sacce jaina mizanarI brahmacArI zItalaprasAda aura apanI suputrI mahilArala mamamabena ke nirmANa kA zreya seTha mANikacanda ko hI hai| paNDitapayara gopAladAsa baraiyA ke vidyotkarSa meM bhI unakA hAtha thaa| lagabhaga ATha lAkha rupaye kA dAna unhoMne apane jIvana meM kiyaa| yaha udAramanA sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA se dUra the| dinAMka 16 julAI 1914 I. ko rAtri ke do baje ina dAnavIra seTha mANikacanda je.pI. kA dehAnta huA 1 sva, paNDita nAthUrAma premI ke zabdoM meM bhArata ke AkAza se camakatA huA tArA TUTa par3A / jainiyoM ke hAtha se cintAmaNi ratna kho gyaa| samAja mandira kA eka sudRr3ha stambha gira gyaa|' yaha vAstava meM usa kAla ke yuga-pravartaka jaina mahApurUSa the| rAjA candaiyA hegaDe-maisUra rAjya ke dakSiNa kanAsa prAnta meM sthita dharmasthala nAmaka kasbe ke nivAsI bar3e dhanavAn evaM dharmAtmA zreSThI the| vaha rAjya meM 382 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilA

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'vizAla ke dhii| vaha vartamAna zatAbdI ke prAramma taka vidhamAna the| unake suputra dharmAdhikArI ratnavarma hegar3e the| unhoMne bhagavAna bAhubali kI 39 phuTa uttuMga vizAlakAya khagAsana manojJa pratimA kA nirmANa karAyA hai jise sudakSa zilAkAra raMjAla gopAlakRSNa zegoM ke netRtva meM 25 se 100 zilpakAroM ne banAyA hai| mUrti ke banAne meM eka lAkha rupaye kI lAgata AyI aura use nirmANasthAna se dharmasthala taka lAne meM, jahA~ use pratiSThita kiyA jAnA hai, tIna lAkha rupaye vyaya hue haiN| bIca meM ralavarmajI kA dehAnta ho jAne se aba unake suyogya patra dharmAdhikArI vIrendra hegaDe pitA ke adhUre kArya ko pUrA karane ke lie prayatnazIla haiN| mommaTeza kI dakSiNa dezastha vizAlakAya pratimAoM meM yaha krama kI dRSTi se chaThI aura vizAlatA kI dRSTi se tIsarI mUrti hogii| ra.la. dvArakAdAsa-nahaTaura (jilA bijanaura) nivAsI seTha choTAmala ke pautra aura lA: thAnasiMha ke jyeSTha putra the| thAlasiMha bar3e dharmAtmA, davAlu aura dAnI samAna the| mRtyu ke samaya unhoMne suputra dvArakAdAsa ko tIna zikSA dI thIM-nitya vyAyAma karanA, kabhI bhI kisI se bhI kucha udhAra na lenA aura nyAyapUrvaka dhanopArjana krnaa| dvArakAdAsa kA janma 1889 I. meM huA thaa| pitA kI zikSAe~ unhoMne gA~Tha yodha lI thI aura rur3akI kaoNleja se parizramapUrvaka iMjIniyariMga pAsa karake sarakArI iMjIniyara niyukta ho gaye the| uttara pradeza ke kaI jiloM meM tathA kalakattA meM unhoMne saphalatApUrvaka kArya kiyaa| unakI yogyatA evaM ImAnadArI kI prazaMsA rAjA-prajanta meM sarvatra thI aura vaha apane samaya ke atyanta kuzala bhAratIya abhiyantA samajhe jAte the| phalasvarUpa 1901 I. meM 'rAyasAhaba' aura tadanantara rAyabahAdura' upAdhiyA~ milii| bar3e dAnI aura dharmAtmA the, aneka nidhana chAtroM ko chAtravRttiyA~ dete the aura apane baMgAlI Adi aneka ajaina mitroM ko sAhitya dekara unhoMne jainadharma ke prati AkRSTa kiyA thaa| aneka se mAMsa-madirA sevana kA Ajanma tyAga karAyA thaa| mahAsabhA ke bhI vArSoM sabhApati rhe| unake putra nandakizora DipTI kalakTara hue aura honahAra samAjasevI pautra candrakizora the, jinakA mAtra 38 varSa kI Ayu meM 1950 I. meM eka durghaTanA meM dehAnta ho gyaa| lA.giradharalAla-zAhI khajAMcI rAjA harasukharAya ke pautra aura seTha suganacanda ke putra the| san 1857 I. ke viplaba ke uparAnta yaha sarakArI khajAMcI hue tathA gavarnara-janarala aura paMjAba ke lepaToneNTa gavarnara ke darabArI rhe| dillI kI prAcIna digambara jaina paMcAyata ke saMsthApaka ne aura dharmapure ke apane pUrvajoM dvArA nirmApita naye mandira meM nitya zAstra sabhA kiyA karate the| inake vaMzaja dillI meM abhI bhI vidyamAna haiN| lA. IzarIprasAda--dillI ke sarakArI khajAMcI tA. sAligarAma ke vaMzaja aura dharmadAsa jAMcI ke putra yA anuja the| sarakAra kI ora se yaha 1877 I. meM olDa Adhunika yuga : a~garejoM dvArA zAsita pradeza : 383

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dillI DivIjana ke khajAMcI niyukta hue the| vaha dillI baiMka va landana baiMka ke bhI khajAMcI the| nagarapAlikA ke sadasya evaM koSAdhyakSa, AnarerI majisTreTa aura vAyasarogala darabArI bhI the| unake uparAnta 1878 I. meM unake choTe bhAI ayodhyAprasAda bhI sarakArI khajAMcI rahe / tadanantara lA. IzarIprasAda ke suputra rAyabahAdura pArasadAsa ne bhI apane pitA ke samasta padoM kA upabhoga kiyA aura apane samaya ke dillI ke pramukha pratiSThita sajjanoM meM se the| unhoMne eka jaina sandarbha grantha-sUcI bhI prakAzita kI thii| guru gopAladAsa baraiyA -- AgarA nivAsI echiyAmotrI baraiyA jAtIya lakSmaNadAsa ke suputra the| ghara kI Arthika sthiti atyanta sAdhAraNa thI aura prArambhika zikSA-dIkSA bhI nAmamAtra kI thii| inakA janma 1866 I. meM huA thA aura 19 varSa kI Ayu meM ajamera meM relave meM sAdhAraNa-sI naukarI kara lii| do varSa ke bAda (1887 I. meM) ajamera ke seTha mUlacanda nemIcanda sonI ke yahA~ unake bhavana nirmANa kArya kI dekhabhAla kI naukarI kI jo chaha yA sAta varSa calatI rhii| isI bIca vidyAvyasana lagA, paNDita baladevadAsajI Adi vidvAnoM kA samparka milaa| zanaiH-zanaiH apanI medhA evaM adhyavasAya ke bala para prakANDa paNDita aura udbhaTa vidvAn bana gye| kucha varSa THE rhe| vahA~ bhI prArambha meM naukarI kii| kintu svatantra manovRtti ke svAbhimAnI the ataH vyApAra meM par3a gye| kaI prayogoM ke bAda gvAliyara rAjya ke morenA meM Akara sthAyI rUpa se basa gye| Arthika sthiti rAjya aura meM pratiSThA bar3hatI gyii| AnarerI majisTreTa bhI niyukta ho gaye aura porenA meM apane vidyAlaya kI sthApanA kara dii| svanirmita vyaktitva ke dhanI varaiyAjI kI dhAka jainAjaina vidvajjagat meM jama gyii| sArvajanika abhinandana hue, nyAya- vAcaspati, vAdigajakesarI aura svAyAdavAridhi jaisI upAdhiyA~ miliiN| aneka udbhaTa vidvAn ziSya taiyAra kara diye| samAja ke prAyaH sabhI gaNyamAnya vidvAnoM evaM zrImAnoM kI zraddhA ke pAtra bane / adabhuta vidyAvyasanI, agAdha pANDitya ke dhanI, prabhAvaka vaktA evaM zAstrArthI, kaI granthoM ke racayitA, kuzala- zikSaka, pragAr3ha zraddhA se yukta evaM kuzala dRr3hacAritro dharma evaM samAjasevI, nirbhIka, aTUTa utsAha aura laganavAle, patrakAra (jaina mitra ke varSo sampAdaka rahe), prabuddha samAja sudhAraka, sAtha hI svatantrajIvI, saphala vyApArI bhI aura Adhunika yuga meM jaina jAgRti ke samartha puraskartAoM meM parigaNita guru gopAladAsa baraiyA kA mAtra 51 varSa kI Ayu meM 1917 I. meM nidhana huaa| seTha mathurAdAsa TaDaiyA - lalitapura jilA jhA~sI ke paravAra jAtIya TayAgotrI seTha munnAlAla ke suputra the| janma 1872 I. meM aura svargavAsa 1918 I. meM huaa| apane parizrama, nekanIyatI, madhura svabhAva evaM vyApAra-paTutA ke kAraNa vyApAra meM bar3I unnati kI, dasiyoM maNDiyoM meM inakI gahI thiiN| sAtha hI bar3e dharmAtmA, sAdhamavatsala, 384 pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAeM

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atithimecI, zanI aura nirabhimAnI the| ataeva bundelakhaNDa meM lo lokapriya hue hI, samAja meM dUra-dUra taka prasiddha ho gaye aura a~gareja adhikArI bhI Adara karate the| dete rahanA aura meM pAne kI AzA-maranA manhoMne apane jIvana meM dAlane kA satata prayatna kiyaa| unake sambandha meM aneka kiMvadantiyA~ pracalita haiN| sara seTha hukmacanda-dAnavIra, tIrthabhakta-ziromaNi, jainadharmabhaSaNa, jaina-divAkara, jaina samrAT, rAya bahAdura, rAjyabhUSaNa, savarAjA, zrImanta seTa, ke.TI.AI. Adi vividha sArthaka upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita aura apane jImana meM lagabhaga 80 lAkha rupaye kA dAna karane tathA aneka dhArmika evaM sArvajanika saMsthAoM ke janmadAtA indaura ke sarvaprasiddha sara seTa hukmacanda kA janma 1874 I. meM aura svargavAsa lagabhaga 85 varSa kI vRddhAvasthA meM 1959 I. meM huaa| atyanta kuzala vyApArI, udyogI evaM vyavasAyI, aneka dezI rAjyoM ke narezoM ke mAnya mitra aura bAyasarAya Adi a~gareja adhikAriyoM ke Adara ke pAtra, rAjasI ThATa-bAda se jIvana bitAnevAle aura antima kaI varSoM meM udAsIna vratI zrAvaka ke rUpa meM AtmasAdhana meM lIna ina svanAmadhanya, isa yuga ke rAjarSi kA jIvana prAyaH pUrI ardhazatAbdI paryanta jaina samAja ke jIvana meM otaprota rahA hai| mAravAr3a ke lADanUM pradeza ke meMbasila gA~va ke nivAsI pUsAjI apane zyAmAjI evaM kuzalAjI nAmaka do putroM ke sAtha janmapUmi kA tyAga karake 1787 I. meM ajhalyAbAI holakara ke rAjyakAla meM indaura meM A ase the aura vahA~ sarrApha, aphrIma aura lena-dena kA vyApAra prArambha kiyA thaa| zyAmAjI ke tIna putroM meM jyeSTha seTha mAnikacanda the jinake pA~ca patroM meM se dvitIya patra seTa sarUpacanda the| ina tarUpacanda ke hI suputra sara seTha hukmacanda the| inake putra rAyabahAdura seTha rAjakumArasiMha haiM aura cacere bhAI kalyANamala ke dattaka putra rAma bahAdura kaipTana seTha hIrAlAla haiN| bAbU devakumAra ArA ke prasiddha vidvAna jamIMdAra paNDita prabhudAsa ke pautra aura bAbU candrakumAra ke suputra bAbU devakumAra kA janma 1876 I. meM huA aura nidhana mAtra 31 varSa kI alpavaya meM 1988 I. meM ho gyaa| pitA kI mRtyu ke samaya inakI Ayu mAtra / / varSa kI thI aura jamIMdArI evaM parivAra kA bojha kandhoM para A par3A thA; tathApi sAhasa se kAma liyaa| bar3e suzikSita, prabuddha, saralacitta, udAramanA, vidyApremI, dharma aura samAja ke niHsvArthasetI, bar3I laganavAle, caritravAna evaM dharmiSTha sajjana the| jinavANI ke udvAra aura pracAra kI utkaTa bhAvanA thii| jaba 1893 I. meM si, jaina mahAsabhA ne apanA mukhapatra 'jainagajaTa' cAlU kiyA to yahI usake sampAdaka hue aura apanI mRtyu paryanta bane rhe| inhoMne 1905 I. meM vArANasI ke bhadainI ghATa para sthita apanI dharmazAlA meM syAdavAda pAThazAlA kI sthApanA kI jI Age calakara syAdavAda-mahAvidyAlaya ke rUpa meM vikasita huii| usI varSa unhoMne ArA meM apane suprasiddha jaina siddhAnta bhavana kI sthApanA kI, jisakI gaNanA deza ke pramukha prAcya pustakAgAroM meM huii| isI saMsthA kI dvaibhASika patrikA jaina-siddhAnta-bhAskara Adhunika yuga : aMgareDoM dvArA zAsita pradeza :: ARE '

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bhaeNTIkverI hai| mahAsabhA ke kuNDalapura jadhivezana ko 1907 I. meM unhoMne adhyakSatA kI aura usI varSa dakSiNa ke jaina tIrthoM kI yAtrA kI aura vahIM hastalikhita granthoM ke saMrakSaNa, dhavalAdi mahAnandhoM ke uddhAra kA saMkalpa kiyA sathA saMkalpa pUrA hone taka ke lie brahmacaryavrata aMgIkAra kiyaa| unhoMne ArA meM prAthamika pAThazAlA aura zikharajI para eka dharmArtha auSadhAlaya bhI sthApita kiyA thaa| sarakAra ne unheM AnarerI majisTreTa niyukta kiyA thaa| unake honahAra priya anuja.dharmakumAra kA 1900 I. meM asAmayika nidhana ho gayA thA, jisakA unheM bar3A sadamA phuNcaa| dharmakumAra kI vidhavA patnI bAlikA candAbAI ko, unhoMne yogya paNDita niyukta karake saMskRta bhASA tathA dharmazAstroM kI uttama zikSA dilAyA aura Age calakara macAzi paNDitA candAbAIjI ArA ke prasiddha bAlAvizrAma kI saMsthApikA (1921 I.) evaM saMcAlikA huii| yaha vRddhA tapasvinI Aja bhI ekaniSThatA ke sAtha strIzikSA evaM samAja-sevA meM rata hai| bAbU devakumAra ke nirmalakumAra aura cakrezvarakumAra nAma ke do suputra hue| bAbU nirmalakumAra ne apane devatulya svargIya pitA ke svapnoM ko sAkAra karane kA prazaMsanIya prayatma kiyaa| sAha caNDIprasAda-dhAmapura jilA bijanaura nivAsI pratiSThita, sampanna evaM samAjasevI sajjana the| inakA janma 1872 I. meM huaa| vaha bIsa varSa saka arAbara dhAmapura kI nagarapAlikA ke adhyakSa rhe| AnarerI majisTreTa bhI pandraha varSa rhe| kintu svadezI Andolana ke prabhAva meM usa pada se tyAgapatra de diyA aura svAtantrya Andolana ko sadA Arthika sahAyatA bhI pradAna karate rhe| dhAmapura ke caityAlaya kA zikharabanda mandira ke rUpa meM nirmANa karAyA aura eka kanyA pAThazAlA kI bhI sthApanA kii| aneka lokopakArI kArya kiye| sa.ba. dvArakAdAsa, sAha, jumamandaradAsa, lA. jambUprasAda, lA. hulAsarAya, lA, zibbAmala Adi samAja ke jUsa yuga ke prabhAvaka sajjanoM ke sAtha milakara samAjasevA karate rhe| unake suputra devakInandana bhI nagarapAlikA aura ahicchatrAtIrtha kI prabandha samiti ke adhyakSa rhe| lAlA munnelAla kAracI-lakhanaU nivAsI naMgUmala ke pautra aura vaMzIdhara ke putra lAlA munnelAla kAgajI kA janma 1869 I. meM aura nidhana 1944 I. meM huaa| ra bar3e kuzala vyApArI, vyavahAra catura aura dharmiTha sajjana the| svapuruSArtha dvArA atyanta sAdhAraNa sthiti se uThakara unhoMne paryApta sampatti arjita kI aura dhana kA sadupayotA bhI kiyA 1 lakhanaU meM eka vizAla dharmazAlA evaM jinamandira tathA eka caityAlaya bnvaayaa| 1936 I, ke dakSiNa yAtrAsaMgha, 1939 I. meM lakhanaU kI paMcakalyANaka pratiSTA aura 1944 I. ke pariSad ke lakhanaU adhivezana ke AyojakoM meM vaha pramukha the| rAyabahAdura sulatAnasiMha...tahasIla sonIpata ke kasve kotAnA nivAsI zyosiMharAya ke pautra aura nihAlacanda ke putra the| yaha prasiddha raIsa evaM jamIdAra RRB :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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Re: gharAnA thaa| inakA janma 1876 I. meM huA thaa| pitA kI mRtyu inake zaizava meM hI ho gayI thI, ataH pitAmaha ne lAlana-pAlana kiyA / bayaska hone para 1898 I. meM inhoMne kArabAra svayaM sa~bhAla liyA, dillI ko nivAsa banAyA aura apanI kArya-kuzalatA dvArA paitRka sampatti ko itanA bar3hAyA ki kucha hI vArSoM meM dillI ke tatkAlIna sAhukAroM meM agraNI sthAna prApta kara liyA, tathA dillI, meraTha, zimalA Adi aneka sthAnoM kI impIriyala baiMka kI zAkhAoM ke khajAMcI ho gye| 1932 I. meM dillI nagarapAlikA ke sadasya, 1905 I. meM AnarerI majisTreTa, 1910 I. meM paMjAba lejisleTiva kauMsila ke manonIta sadasya aura rAyabahAdura ho gye| itane rAjya-mAnya hote hue bhI dezabhakta aura kAMgresa ke mUka sevaka bhI the| unake ghara para vAyasarAya, cIfa kamiznara, rAje-mahArAja Adi atithi hote the to svayaM mahAtmA gA~dhI, motIlAla neharU, sarojanI nAyaDU jaise sarvocca netA bhI vahIM Thaharate the| kAMgresa varkiMga kameTI kI baiThaka bhI unakI koThI para kaI bAra huii| bar3e bhadra-prakRti, atithi-sevI, ladAra, paropakArI aura lokapriya the| unakA nidhana 1930 I. meM huA thaa| unake suputra raghuvIrasiMha ne apanI vizAla koThI meM eka Adarza narsarI evaM moNTesarI zAlA sthApila kI thI rAyabahAdura sulatAnasiMha ne lAkhoM kI paitRka sampatti ko bar3hAkara karor3oM kI kara diyA thaa| bar3e vATa se rahate the, a~garejJa unheM 'kiMga oNpha kazmIrI geTa' kahate the, to 1921 I. meM mahAtmA gA~dhI ne apanA prathama upavAsa inhIM kI koThI meM kiyA thaa| dharma se bhI lagAva thaa| 1900 I. meM cAra sau yAtriyoM kA saMgha lekara tIrthayAtrA kI thI aura 1928 I. kI dillI ko vimba-pratiSThA kI vyavasthA meM agraNI the| vinA sAmpradAvika bhedabhAva ke dilahI kI aneka zikSA-saMsthAoM ko prathava diyaa| lanakI dharmapatnI suzIlAdevI me 1980 I. Adi ke kAMgresa Andolana meM sakriya bhAga liyA, pulisa kI lAThiyoM khArthI, akhila bhAratIya mahilA sammelana kI adhyakSA rahIM aura dillI meM sarasvatI-bhavana nAma kI Adarza mahilopakArI saMsthA sthApita kii| dIvAna bahAdura e.bI. lahe...mahArASTra pradeza ke prabuddha jaina jana-netA the| aMgarejI zAsana meM unnati karake unhoMne dIvAma-bahAdura kI upAdhi pAyI to deza-sevA evaM kAMgresa Andolana meM bhAga lekara bambaI rAjya ke prathama mantrimaNDala meM sammilita he| jainadharma para aMgarejI meM kucha pustakeM bhI unhoMne likhiiN| lAlA jambUprasAda---sahAranapura ke prasiddha dhaniSTa evaM samAjasevI udAramanA raIsa lAlA jambUprasAda kA janma 1877 I. meM huA thA aura 1900 I. meM vaha lAlA ugrasena ke dattaka putra ke rUpa meM sahAranapura kI isa prasiddha jamIMdArI sTeTa ke svAmI bne| hAlA sagrasena bhI dharmAtmA the aura mahAsabhA ke saMsthApakoM meM se the| prArambha meM kara vayaM jambUprasAda ukta sTeTa ke lie huI lambI mukadamebAz2I meM ulajhe rhe| usase nivRtta hokara 1947 I. meM unhAna dharma aura samAja kI sevA meM pUrNa yoga diyaa| Adhunika yuga : aMgI bArA zAsita pradeza :: 847

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zikharajI ke mukadame kA to unhoMne bIr3A hI uThA liyA thaa| sahAranapura meM eka mandira canavAyA, saMskRta-vidhAlaya sthApita kiyA jisameM nyAyAcArya paNDita mANikacandra ne varSoM adhyApana kiyA aura jo aba eka unnata DigrI kaoNleja hai| 1925 I. meM dillI kI pUjA meM sammilita hokara hAthI kI savArI aura sacittAhAra kA Ajanma tyAga kara diyA / brahmacaryavrata 1921 I. meM hI le cuke the| nitya deva pUjA kA niyama thaa| sarakAra ne sayavahAdura Adi upAdhi denI cAhI to asvIkAra kara dii| kisI aphasara se milane nahIM jAte the| paNDita pannAlAla nyAyAdevAkara aura meraTha ke lAlA dhUmasiMha unake abhinna sAthI the| unakI tIrthasevA ke lie samAja ne unheM tIrtha-bhakta-ziromaNi kI upAdhi pradAna kI thii| bar3e sudarzana tejasvI aura dharmAtmA sajjana the| unakA nidhana 1923 I. meM huaa| unake bhAI dIpacanda bhI bar3e dhamAtmA the tathA dharmapremI moharasiMha khajAMcI ke bhatIje aura ghUmasiMha ke patra rA.ba, AMjataprasAda bhI vArSika sajana the| rAyabahAdura hulAsarAya mA lAlA jambUprasAda kuravI the rAjA bAhAdurasiMha siMdhI-kalakatte ke seTha DAlacanda siMghI ke suputra prasiddha jauharI, raIsa aura jamIMdAra the, sAtha hI bar3e dharmapremI evaM vidyApremI bhI the| inhoMne siMdhI-granthamAlA kI sthApanA kI tathA aneka dhArmika evaM lokopayogI kArya kiye| inheM sarakAra se rAjA kI upAdhi prApta huI thii| mahilAratna maganavena-bambaI ke suprasiddha samAja-hitaiSI, dAnavIra seTha pANikacanda je.pI. kI suzIlA, medhAvI evaM atyanta priya putrI thiiN| inakA janma 1879 I. meM huA, vivAha 1892 I. meM khemacanda ke sAtha huA, 1897 I. meM dhutrI kezaravana kA janma huA aura devapiAka se 184368 I. meM mAtra 15 varSa kI Arae meM vaha vidhavA ho gyiiN| kintu suyogya pitA kI suyogya santAna thiiN| pitA ke sahayoga se vidyAdhyayana meM mana lagAyA, dharma ko sambala banAyA aura nArI-jagata kI zikSA, sevA evaM uddhAra meM jIvana arpaNa kara diyaa| paNDita lAlana aura lakhanaU ke brAhmacArI zItalaprasAda ne unake vidyAbhyAsa meM sahAyatA kI aura samAjasevA kI bhAvanA ko protsAhita kiyaa| phala yaha huA ki 1906 I. meM unhoMne bambaI meM suvyavasthita zrAvikAthama sthApita kiyA aura tadanantara bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM meM tIliyoM zrAvikAzrama sthApita karAye aura mahilA pariSadeM sthApita kii| lalitAbAI aura saMkulAI inakI sahayoginI thiiN| kAzI ke 1919 I. ke mahotsava meM inheM 'jaina-mahilArala' kI upAdhi samAja ne pradAna kI, bambaI prazAsana ne AnarerI je.pI. banAyA; aura 1937 I. meM isa jaina-mahilArala kA svargavAsa huaa| brahmacArI zItalaprasAda aura bairisTara campasarAya inako antyeSTi meM sammilita hue the| sara motIsAgara-dillI ke prasiddha raIsa evaM apane samaya ke barthasthI zikSA zAstrI rAyavakSAra sAgaracanda ke suganna motIsAgara dillI ke eka sAmAnya vakIla ke rUpa meM jIvana prArambha karake apane parizrama, nekanovatI evaM sahA jAta 388 :. pramukha tihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilArI

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mahamadatakA AvAja zrI suvidhA kI kha pratibhA ke bala para usa peze kI coTI para pahu~ca gye| rAyasAhaba, rAyabahAdura, sara, DaoNkTara Apha laoN, dillI vizvavidyAlaya ke vAisacAnsalara (upakulapati), dillI aura paMjAba hAIkorToM ke pramukha vakIla, antataH paMjAba hAIkorTa ke jaja hue| saphalatA, lakSmI aura yaza tInoM kA hI prabhUta upayoga kiyaa| san 1880 I. ke lagabhaga unakA janma huA thA aura 1930 I. meM unakA dehAnta huaa| rAyasAhaba pyArelAla vartamAna zatAbdI meM dillI ke sarvocca koTi ke vakIla, mahAna zikSA zAstrI jananetA aura jaina samAja ke pramukha netAoM meM se the| sarakArI kSetroM meM bhI unakA viziSTa mAna thaa| rAyabahAdura pArasadAsa, rAyabahAdura sulatAnasiMha, sara motIsAgara, rAyabahAdura nandakizora, jo uttarapradeza zAsana ke sarvaprathama jaina sambhavatayA bhAratIya bhI supariNTeNDiMga iMjIniyara the, rAyabahAdura jagata prakAza, jo bhArata sarakAra ke sarvaprathama bhAratIya DipTI ADITara janarala tathA ekAuNTeNTa-janarala hue ityAdi vibhUtiyoM ne prAyaH usI yuga ko suzobhita kiyA thaa| karNacanda nAhara - kalakattA ke prasiddha vakIla, jaina purAtattva ke premI evaM anveSaka, jaina lekhasaMgraha, epITIma oNva jainiz2ma Adi kaI granthoM ke praNetA, tIrtha bhakta aura samAjasevI theN| unake suputra vijayasiMha nAhara svAtantrya saMgrAma ke senAnI aura pazcimI baMgAla ke mantrimaNDala ke varSoM taka sadasya rahanevAle samAjasevI sajjana haiN| unakA janma 1875 I. aura nidhana 1936 I. meM huA thA / jagamandaralAla jainI - sahAranapura ke sampanna agravAla jaina parivAra meM 1881 meM inakA janma huA thA / ilAhAbAda vizvavidyAlaya meM ucca zikSA prApta kI aura 1902 I. meM vahIM se a~garejI sAhitya meM prathama zreNI meM ema.e. parIkSA pAsa karake usa vizvavidyAlaya meM a~garejI ke prAdhyApaka aura chAtrAvAsa ke vArDana niyukta ho gye| tIna varSa pazcAt 1906 I. meM iMgalistAna cale gaye aura cAra varSa paryanta vahA~ ke prasiddha oNksaphorDa vizvavidyAlaya meM adhyayana kiyaa| anya yogyatAoM ke sAtha vairisTarI aisI camakI ki eka mukadame kI pairavI privI kaunsila meM karane ke lie unheM landana mejA gayA / tadanantara 1914 I. se 1927 I. meM apanI mRtyu paryanta vaha indaura rAjya ke nyAyAdhIza evaM vyavasthA vidhi-vidhAyinI sabhA ke adhyakSa rhe| bIca maiM 1920- 1922 I. taka do varSa vaha indaura nahIM rahe the, to a~garejI sarakAra ne unheM rAyabahAdura kI upAdhi aura AnarerI asisTeNTa kalakTarI Adi pradAna kI thii| rAjyakArya ke atirikta vaha apanA sArA samaya jaina sAhitya kI sAdhanA meM lagAte the| a~garejI jaina-gajaTa ke usake janmakAla 1904 se lekara apanI mRtyu paryanta sampAdaka bane rhe| tatvArthasUtra, AtmAnuzAsana, paMcAstikAya, samayasAra, gommaTasAra jaise mahAn saiddhAntika granthoM kA a~garejI meM uttama anuvAda kiyA, anya bhI kaI pustakeM likhiiN| seNTrala jaina pabliziMga hAusa, jaina lAyabrerI (lamdana) Adi kI unhoMne Adhunika yuga a~garejoM dvArA zAsita pradeza :: 380 ....

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sthApanA kI aura mRtyu se eka varSa pUrva apanI sampUrNa sampatti janahitArtha tathA jainadharma kI rakSA evaM pracAra ke lie TrasTa kara gye| prasiddha karmavIra, jaina samAja ke karmaTha senAnI ArA ke kumAra devendraprasAda, jainadharma ke samarpita pracAraka brahmacArI zIlalaprasAda aura lakhanaU ke paNDita ajitaprasAda vakIla unake kAnoM meM vizeSa sahayogI evaM sahAyaka rhe| seTha bAlacanda dosI...zolApura ke seTha hIrAcanda dosI ke suputra seTha bAlacanda bosI kA janma 1882 I. meM ati sAdhAraNa Arthika sthiti meM huA thA, kintu 1953 I. meM apanI mRtyu ke samaya vaha karor3oM kI sampatti ke svAsI the| bhAratIya prayoga ke yaha mahAn svayaMsiddha puruSa bhAratIya jahAja-udyoga ke pitA mAne jAte haiN| Arthika abhyudaya ke aise adhvaryu itihAsa meM kama hI dekhane meM Ate haiN| vaha nissantAna the, ataeva apanI samasta nijI sampatti kA lokahitArtha TrasTa bhI kara gye| unake bhAI seTha ratanacanda Adi bambaI ke prasiddha vyavasAyI haiN| rAjA dhyAnacanda-meraTha kA eka prAyaH nirdhana kintu sAhasI yuvaka ummIsayoM zatAbdI ke anta ke lagabhaga bambaI calA gyaa| phoTogrAphI kA zauka thA, use hI jIvikAkAsana bajAyo se miSTa meM A gayA to na kevala apanI kalA aura vyavasAya meM hI adbhuta unnati kI, niAma se "musavirudaulA' aura 'rAjA' ke qhtiAya prApta kara liye| sara phUlacanda moghA-ittara pradeza ke a~garez2I zAsana kI sevA meM unnati karate-karate usa prAnta ke sarvaprathama bhAratIya lIgala rimembrensara hue aura tadanantara kazmIra nareza ne unakI sevAeM udhAra lekara unheM apanA mantrI bnaayaa| svatantratA prApti ke kucha pUrva hI unakI mRtyu huii| sAhu salekhacanda ke vaMzaja sAhu salekhacanda najIbAbAda jilA bijanaura ke khyAti prApta, sampanna jamIMdAra, sAhukAra, dharmAtmA evaM dAnazIla sajjana the| lagabhaga 75 varSa kI Ayu meM apanI mRtyu paryanta nIroga, svastha aura karmaTha rhe| niyama-dharma ke pakke aura uccakoTi ke dharmagranthoM ke satata svAdhyAyI the| jarUratamandoM kI bahudhA gupta sahAyatA kiyA karate the| jile ke pramukha sammAnita vyaktiyoM meM the| unake hI eka pautra najIbAbAda ke prasiddha rAyabahAdura sAha jugamandaradAsa the, jinakA janma 1884 I. meM huA thA aura nidhana 1933 I. meM masUrI meM huA thaa| chaha varSa taka vaha jilAborDa ke adhyakSa rahe, varSoM digambara jaina mahAsabhA ke mantrI aura digambara jaina pariSada ke koSAdhyakSa rahe / pariSad ke sahAranapUra adhivezana ke sabhApati bhI hue| hastinApura tIrthakSetra kapeTI ke bhI barAbara koSAdhyakSa rhe| prAyaH sabhI akhila bhAratIya jaina saMsthAoM, jaina netAoM, vidvAnoM aura zrImAnoM se unakA samparka yA sambandha thaa| sthitipAlaka bhI the aura sudhAraka bhI, rAjyabhakta the aura svadezapremI bhii| bar3e 39t) :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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vyavahAra kuzala, pratApI, prabhAvaka, zAnadAra, milanasAra aura atithisevI the| unake suputra sAhu ramezacanda TAimsa oNfa iNDiyA ke mainejara haiM aura bhatIje sAhu zItalaprasAda haiN| isI parivAra meM sAhu salekhacanda ke pautra aura sAhu dIvAnacandra ke suputra adyAvadhi bambaI ke suprasiddha evaM pratiSThita udyogapati tathA dharmAnurAgI evaM vidyApremI sAdharmIvatsala sAhu zreyAMsaprasAda haiM tathA vartamAna jaina samAja ke lokapriya evaM sarvopari netA, dharma, saMskRti aura sAhitya ke samartha saMrakSaka, dAnavIra, prabuddhacetA, vartamAna yuga ke zIrSa sthAnIya jaina udyogapati sAhu zAntiprasAda jaina haiM / waterfes = arret off yfatrapR STRET Adhunika yuga aMgarejoM dvArA zAsita pradeza :: 391

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upasaMhAra XIA.. 116992 27 'kalA, kalA ke lie ke anukaraNa para 'itihAsa, itihAsa ke lie kahanevAle loga bhI haiM, kintu 'kalA' aura 'itihAsa meM bhArI antara hai| jaba ki kalA adhikAMzalayA kalpanA prasUta hotI hai, itihAsa pramANita athavA vizvasanIya tathyoM para AdhArita hotA hai| una tathyoM ko surucipUrNa DhaMga se sajAne meM itihAsakAra kI kalA kA upayoga ho sakatA hai| tathyoM kI vyAkhyA aura unakA mUlyAMkana karane meM bhI baha eka sIpA taka svatantra hotA hai| kalA manoraMjana ke lie hotI hai, kintu itihAsa kA lakSya mAtra manoraMjana nahIM hotaa| jasako upayogitA manoraMjana se kahIM adhika hai| yaha soddezya hotA hai| vastutaH jAtIya smRti kA nAma hI itihAsa hai| yadi koI jAti apane itihAsa se anabhijJa rahatI hai to isakA artha hai ki usane apanI smRti kho dI hai, ataeva apanA astitva bhI bhulA diyA hai| aisI sthiti meM use eka nayI jAti ke rUpa meM prakaTa honA par3atA hai jise saba kucha naye sire se sIkhanA hotA hai| jAtIyatA kI vAstavika anubhUti usameM ho nahIM sktii| usakA itihAsa hI eka aisI vastu hai jo use jAtIyatA kI bhAvanA kI kuMjI pradAna kara sakatI hai, kyoMki 'vartamAna' AkAza meM se akasmAt nahIM Tapaka par3atA-atIta meM se hI usakA udaya hotA hai| atIta kA vikasita mUrta rUpa hI vartamAna hai| ataeva vartamAna ko jAnane, samajhane aura bhogane ke lie atIta kA, arthAt itihAsa kA jJAna anivAryataH Avazyaka itihAsa ke citrapaTa para atIta ke jo citra ubharakara Ate haiM ve prAyaH kisI na kisI mahAna vyakti para kendrita hote haiN| jaisA ki kAryAlaya kA kathana hai "vizva kA itihAsa, arthAta manuSya ne saMsAra meM jo kucha sampAdana kiyA hai usakA itihAsa, mUlataH una mahApuruSoM kA aitihya hai jo ukta itihAsa ke nirmAtA rahe haiN| pratyeka yuga meM jo mahAnubhAva apane adhyavasAya, dRDhacaritra, pratimA evaM prabhAvaka vyaktitva ke bala para apane samaya ke anya manaSyoM se paryApta Upara uTha sake, vahI jana-sAmAnya yA janasamUha kI AkAMkSAoM, abhilASAoM evaM lakSyoM ke niyojaka, niyAmaka aura zilpI bane, unheM mUrtarUpa pradAna kara sake aura unakI yathAzakya pUrti kara ske| 392 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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isIlie imarsana-jaise cintaka ne kahA thA ki kisI bhI itihAsa kA vizleSaNa kareM so astutaH evaM svabhAvataH vaH kuru eka dRr3ha nizcayI, karmaTha, sacce, dhyeyaniSTha evaM kartavyaniSTa vyaktiyoM kA jIvana caritra hI siddha hotA hai|' ina mahAn puruSoM ke caritra par3hane aura jAnane kA eka suphala yaha hotA hai ki hamAre mAnasa-paTala para aneka bhavya, bhadra, anukaraNIya, mahAn vyakti murtAkAra evaM sajIva ho uThate haiN| ve hamAre jIvana aura vyaktitva kA aMga bana jAte haiN| kAla aura kSetra ke vyavadhAna samApta ho jAte haiN| unake aura hamAre madhya eka adbhuta nikaTatA, eka sukhada ekatva evaM apanatva sthApita ho jAtA hai| unakI saphalatA aura abhyudaya para hama harSita hote haiM, unakI mahat upalabdhiyoM se svayaM ko gauravAnvita huA anubhava karate haiM, unake jIvana se zikSA, preraNA aura pathapradarzana prApta karate haiM, aura unake AdarzoM ko apane jIvana meM utArane kA prayatna karate haiN| itanA hI nahIM; unakI truTiyoM, kamajoriyoM, g2alatiyoM, asaphalatAoM, kaSToM aura vipatiyoM para hamArA vitta saMvedanA aura sahAnubhUti se bhara uThatA hai| pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki hama manuSyamAtra meM, samagna mAnayatA meM gaharI dilacaspI lene lagate haiM, jo svayaM meM eka bar3I bhArI pahAliyA hai| mAnA jAkI svArthaparatA, ahaMmanyatA, ekAkIpana aura kUpamaNDUkatA ko samApta karake use saMvedanazIla aura sahiSNu banA detA hai| vaha svayaM ko samagra evaM vaikAlika jAtIya jIvana kA abhinna aMga samajhane lagatA hai| kucha aisI hI bhAvanAoM se prerita hokara tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya (IsA pUrva 600) se lekara 1947 I. meM isa mahAdeza dvArA svatantratA prApti paryanta, lagabhaga ar3hAI sahala varSoM meM hue Rtipaba ullekhanIya mahatvavAle puruSoM evaM mahilAoM ke saMkSipta paricaya, yugAnusArI evaM kSetrAnusArI yojanA ke antargata kAlakrama se nibaddha karane kA vigata pRSThoM meM prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| laukika kSetra meM, apanI-apanI paristhitiyoM meM ullekhanIya abhyudaya prApta karane tathA deza, jAti, dharma, saMskRti, sAhitya aura kalA ke saMrakSaNa evaM abhivRddhi meM yathAzakya aura yathAvasara yoga dene ke kAraNa ve jaina itihAsa ke, ataeva akhila bhAratIya itihAsa ke bhI sadRr3ha stambha haiN| inameM bar3e-bar3e cakravaryupama samrAT, rAje-mahArAje, sAmanta-saradAra, pracaNDa yuddhavIra aura sainya-saMcAlaka, vicakSaNa rAjamantrI aura kuzala prazAsaka, dhanakubera seTha, sArthavAha, vyApArI aura vyavasAyI, dharmaprANa rAjamahilAe~ evaM anya nArIratna, kalApUrNa vizAla mandiroM ke nirmAtA, saMghapatti, dAnavIra aura dharmAtmA gRhIjana sammilita haiN| unakI yaha paricayAcali saMkSipta aura aneka yAra sAMketika evaM paryApta hote hue bhI, mAnane yogya, rucikara aura upayogI hogii| ajaina tathA svayaM jaina pAThakoM kI jainoM aura unake itihAsa tathA bhAratIya itihAsa meM jainoM ke yogadAnaviSayaka aneka bhrAntiyoM kA nirasana bhI hogaa| upasaMhAra :: 993

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ajJAnavaza kaI itihAsakAra, ataeva unake pAyaka sAmAnyajana bhI, jainoM para yaha Aropa lagAte rahe haiM ki bhAratavarSa ke patana aura gulAmI ke lie jaina loga uttaradAyI haiM, kyoMki inakA ahiMsAdharma manuSya ko kAyara, Darapoka aura niHsatya banA detA hai| parantu jo itihAsa ke jAnakAra haiM vaha jAnate haiM ki sampUrNa bhAratIya itihAsa meM zAyada eka bhI aisA ullekhanIya udAharaNa nahIM hai jaba kisI jaina nareza, senApatiyoM yA mantrI ke kAraNa kisI videzI zatru kA usake rAjya para adhikAra huA ho| aisA bhI zAyada hI koI dRSTAnta mile jana kisI prasiddha jaina senAnI ne yuddha meM pola dikhAyI ho / apitu dezarakSA ke lie mara miTanevAle jainavIroM ke udAharaNa isI pustaka meM aneka mileNge| svadharma para dRr3ha rahate hAra, deza para tana-mana-dhana saharSa nyauchAvara karanevAle jaina vIroM kI yazogAthA, itihAsasiddha hote hue bhI, sAmAnya itihAsa pustakoM meM aisI ralI-milI hotI hai ki use cInhanA bahudhA ati duSkara hotA hai| yaha bhI dhyAtavya hai ki bhArata ke pramukha ajaina rAjyavaMzoM meM se bahubhAga ke abudha kaI kI jama adhikAriyoM, satIza pradhAjana kA vizeSa yoga rhaa| madhya evaM madhyottarakAla meM to aneka dezI rAjyoM kA astitva, vizeSakara rAjasthAna meM, unake kula kramAgata jaina mantriyoM, dIvAnoM, senAniyoM aura seThoM ke kAraNa ho zmA rhaa| aura jaba jahA~ jainoM kI upekSA yA anAdara huA, rAjya kI avanati aura patana bhI zIghra hI ho gayA / sambhavatayA isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha rahA ki dharmaprANa hote hue bhI rAka jaina gRhastha rAjanIti ko dharma se pRthak rakhatA rhaa| eka musalamAna sultAna yA bAdazAha kA nArA thA dIna kI rakSA yA tarakkI ke lie jehAda (yuddha) karo, eka hindU nareza go-brAhmaNa kI rakSA ke lie yuddha karatA thA, kintu eka jainavIra, yadyapi dharmarakSA use bhI iSTa hotI thI, deza kI rakSA, zatru ke damana yA rAjya ke utkarSa ke lie yuddha karatA thaa| vaha rAjanIti ko dharma kA rUpa dene kA doMga nahIM karatA thA, use gRhastha kA eka parama kartavya mAnakara grahaNa karatA thaa| ataeva dharma ke lie jainoM ne kabhI buddha kiyA, dharma aura sAdharmiyoM para kiye gaye bhISaNa atyAcAroM ke pratIkArasvarUpa bhI itihAsa meM aisA koI dRSTAnta nahIM miltaa| vAstava meM yaha eka bhrAnti hai ki jainadharma yA usako ahiMsA manuSya kI kAyara, Darapoka, bhIru yA nirbala banAtI hai| ahiMsA to cIroM kA dharma hai| yaha lo niDaratA, nirbhayatA kI poSaka hai| manuSya ke jIvana ko saMyamita, niyamita evaM anuzAsila banAkara vaha use puruSArthI, karmaTha, niDara, dRr3hanizcayI, sAttvika aura kartathya-parAyaNa banA detI hai, sAtha hI udAra, dayAlu, paropakArI aura kSamAzIla bhii| vartamAna yuga ke rASTrapitA mahAtmA gA~dhI meM bhI ahiMsA ke bala para hI deza meM abhUtapUrva jAmati utpanna kI thI aura antataH use svatantra kasa diyA thaa| hiMsA ko prazraya dene se to manuSya 394 :: pramukha aitihAsika ana puruSa aura mahilAeM

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krUra, Darapoka, vilAsI, pramAdI aura asthiracitta bana jAtA hai| hiMsA se hiMsA panapatI hai, aura ahiMsA se ahiMsA evaM zAnti / pUrvokta vyakti pariyoM meM kahI-kahIM katipaye bhUla rahIM ho sakatI hai au aneka aise mahAnubhAva bhI rahe ho sakate haiM, jinakA samAveza isa pustaka meM honA cAhie thA aura nahIM ho paayaa| kintu ina donoM kamiyoM kA pradhAna kAraNa Avazyaka sAdhanoM kA abhAva rahA, aura kinhIM aMzoM meM samayAbhAva bhI vizeSakara Adhunika yuga sambandhI paricayoM meM, kyoMki ve ati nikaTa samaya ke haiM, aisA laga sakatA hai ki jina mahAnubhAvoM kA paricaya diyA gayA, unhIM jaise aneka ullekhanIya vyakti chUTa gaye haiN| isa sambandha meM do dRSTiyA~ rahI haiN| eka to yaha ki jI sajjana 1 9vIM zatI meM janme aura svatantratA prApti (1947 I.) ke pUrva hI divaMgata ho gaye, athavA unakA kAryakAla mukhyatayA usI avadhi ke bhItara samApta ho gayA, unakA hI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| dUsare, pustaka kI mUla yojanA ke anusAra sAdhu-santoM, zuddha sAhityakAroM, kalAkAroM, samAja seviyoM Adi kA samAveza nahIM kiyA gyaa| laukika kSetra meM vizeSa abhyudaya prApta karanevAle sajjanoM taka hI sImita rahane kA prayatna kiyA gayA / tathApi jina mahAnubhAvoM kA paricaya sAdhanAbhAva yA asAvadhAnI ke kAraNa samAviSTa nahIM ho pAyA, unheM kisI prakAra kI gauNatA pradAna karane kA lekhaka kA abhiprAya kadApi nahIM hai| ataeva aise kisI bhI abhAva ko kisI bhI sajjana ko anyathA bhAva se nahIM grahaNa karanA caahie| dhyAtavya yaha hai ki vigata ar3hAI sahasra varSoM meM hue jina aitihAsika puruSoM aura mahilAoM kA paricaya pustaka meM diyA gayA hai, ve jaina saMskRti aura jaina jAti ke saMrakSakoM, prANadAtAoM aura unheM gauravAnvita banAye rakhanevAle asaMkhya janoM ke udAharaNa mAtra haiN| jaina paramparA aura usakA itihAsa saprANa evaM sacetana hai| vartamAna jaina samAja meM bhI zikSA kA anupAta prAyaH sarvAdhika aura aparAdha kA prAyaH nyUnatama hai| usakA strI samAja bhI jAgrata, suzikSita aura pragatizIla hai| deza ke svatantratA saMgrAma meM sahastroM AbAla-vRddha strI-puruSoM ne sakriya yoga diyA, tana-mana-dhana arpaNa kara diyA aura prazaMsanIya balidAna kiye haiN| vartamAna meM bhI jaina samAja meM sahasroM santa, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM aura loka-sevAvratI haiM, ucckoTi ke sAhityakAra, patrakAra aura kalAkAra haiM, zikSA - zAstrI, zikSA-saMsthAoM ke saMsthApaka, saMcAlaka, vyavasthApaka, prAdhyApaka aura adhyApaka haiM, zIrSasthAnIya cikitsaka aura vakIla, bairisTara evaM abhiyantA haiM, prazAsana ke vividha vargoM meM kendra evaM rAjyoM ke mantriyoM, vidhAyakoM Adi se lekara uccAtiucca padoM para tathA sAmAnya pada para kArya karanevAle adhikArI haiM, senA ke bhI jala-thala nabha tInoM hI vibhAgoM meM sevA karanevAle vIra sainika haiM, kRSaka, zilpI aura dastakAra haiM tathA lAkhoM vyApArI, vyavasAyI evaM udyogI haiM, jinameM se aneka apane kSetroM meM zIrSasthAnIya haiN| unnIsavIM zatAbdI ke anta ke lagabhaga upasaMkSara 395

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(1897 I. meM) to eka adhikRta a~gareja lekhaka ne kahA thA ki isa deza kA AdhA vyApAra jainoM ke hI hAtha meM hai aura unakI dAnazIlatA bhI asIma hai| svabhAvataH Aja deza meM jainoM dvArA sthApita evaM saMcAlita sahasroM zikSA-saMsthAe~, vidyAlaya, mahAvidyAlaya zodha saMsthAna, chAtrAlaya chAtravRttiphaNDa zrutabhaNDAra, pustakAlaya, prakAzana saMsthAe~, granthamAlAe~, vividha bhASAoM kI patra-patrikAe~, cikitsAlaya, auSadhAlaya, pazu-pakSI cikitsAlaya, piMjarApola, gozAlAe~, anAthAlaya, mahilA Azrama, dharmazAlAe~, rilIpha sosAiTiyoM Adi lokopakArI sArvajanika saMsthAe~ vidyamAna haiN| aura ye saba upalabdhiyA~ vartamAna meM aneka kAraNoM se apekSAkRta atyanta alpasaMkhyaka samAja raha jAte hue bhI anupAta meM prAyaH anya samasta samAjoM se kahIM adhika hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki pUrvakAla kI bhA~ti hI vartamAna bhAratIya jana-jIvana meM jainIjana prAyaH agrima paMkti meM haiN| unakA itihAsa unheM preraNA detA rahegA ki vaha agrima paMkti meM bane raheM tathA pragatipatha para uttarottara agrasara hote raheM / bhaSeka :- prAcArya zrI suzrI 996 :: pramukha aitihAsika jaina puruSa aura mahilAe~

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sandarbha grantha-sUcI agaracandra bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA ananta sadAziva attekara ayodhyAprasAda goyalIya upAsakadazAMga sUtra uparAva siMha TaMka kalyANavijaya muni kastUracanda kAsalIvAla kAmatAprasAda jaina kAna --yugapradhAna zrI jinadattasUri (kalakattA, 1946) ..maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri (kalakattA, 1970) -rASTrakUTAja eNDa deyara TAimsa (pUnA, 1994) --pUtAne ke jainavIra (dillI, 1933) ...jaina jAgaraNa ke AdUta (vArANasI, 1982) -(ahamadAbAda) -sapa DisTiMgviMzaSTa jainsa (AgarA, 1918) -paTTAvalI-parAdha saMgraha (jAlaura, 1966) -pAjasthAna ke jaina bhaNDAroM kI granthasUcI, 5 bhAga, (ma. zo. saM., jayapura) -saMkSipta jaina itihAsa, 4 bhAga (susta, __1949) -bhagavAna mahAvIra (dillI, 1951) -hI rilIjana oNfa tIrthaMkarAja (alIgaMja 1964) -sama hisTorikala jaina kiMgsa eNtu hIroja (dillI, 1443) -e kamprIhansiba hisTarI oNfa iNDiyA, 'mAga-2 (bhadrAsa) -prazasti saMgraha, (ArA, 1942) -dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina dharma, (vArANasI, 1967) -jainiz2ama ina rAjasthAna (zolApura, 1965) ke. nIlakaNTha zAstrI ke. bhuli zAstrI kailAzacandra zAstrI kailAzacandra jaina sandarbha grandha-sUcI :: 347

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kRSNadatta vAjapeyI -braja kA itihAsa, bhAga-2 (mathurA) gulAbacandra caudharI -pAliTikala hisTarI Afa nardana iNDiyA phrAma jainA sorsez2a (amRtasara, 1958) gaurIzaMkara hIrAcandra ojhA / - rAjapUtAne kA itihAsa, 4 bhAga cimanalAla je. zAha -jainijma ina nardana iNDiyA (bambaI, 1932) jinavijaya muni ___ ee - rAjASa kumArapAla bArANasI1909 PREPARE jugalakizora mukhtAra evaM jaina grantha prazasti saMgraha, 2 bhAga (vI.se.maM., paramAnanda zAstrI dillI) jemsa TAi -enalsa eNDa gunTIkviTIz2a Afa rAjasthAna jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, 5 bhAga --(mA.ya.gra., bambaI) jyotiprasAda jaina -aunA sorseja Apha dI hisTarI Apha enzeNTa iNDiyA (dillI, 1964); jainijma dI olDesTa liyiMga rilIjana (vArApAsI, 1951); jainiyoM kI sAhityasevA aura prakAzita jaina sAhitya (dillI, 1958); bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, dvi.saM. (vArANasI, 1966); yugayuga meM jainadharma (presa meM); jainijma dhU dI ejeza (presa meM rilIjana eNDa kalcara Afa dI janasa (presa meM); ruhelakhaNDa-kumAyU~ khela DAyarekTarI (kAzIpura, 1970); hastinApura, (zi. vi., lakhanaU, 1955); tathA zatAdhika aitihAsika lekha-nibandhAdi / tribhuvanalAla rI. zAha -~-aizeNTa innddiyaa| zAmasa, I. -dI alI phetha Apha azoka, jainijma (landana, 1877) darzanavijaya muni --paTTAyali-samuccaya (vIramamAma, 1989) digambara jaina DAyarekTarI --(bambaI, 1914) dillI jaina DAyarekTarI, -~dillI, 1961 evaM 1970) dI kaimbrija hisTarI Afa iNDiyA, 6 bhAga dI hisTarI eNDa kalcara Apha iNDiyana pIpula 7 bhAga ... (bhA. vi. bhavana, bambaI) 308 :: prapurakha aitihAsika ra puruSa aura mahilAe~

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nAthUrAma premI pI.bI. dezAI pI.sI. rAya caudharI my '' bI.esa. rAisa bhAskara Ananda mAlatola 14144 bhogIlAla saNDesarA ema.bI. kRSNAsava mahAvIra jayantI smArikA muhaNota naiNasI kI khyAta ema.esa. rAmasvAmI AyaMgara --jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (bambaI, 1956) ardha-kathAnaka (bampaI, 1957) -jainijma ina sAutha iNDiyA (zolApura, 1957) - jainiz2ma ina bihAra (paTanA, 1956) -jaina lekha saMgraha, 3 bhAma (kalakattA, 1918-29) maisUra eNDa kurga mAma insakripzansa (landana, 1909) medrilalA zivAra (bambaI, 1998) -yastupAla kA vidyAmaNDala (vArANasI) -gaMgAja Afa talakADa (madrAsa, 1956) -(jayapura, 1952) -(nA. pra. sa., vArANasI, 1925-34) -sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainiz2ama (madrAsa, 1922) -akavara eNDa jainiz2ama (madrAsa) -dI ekonomika hisTarI Apha iNDiyA -oNksaphorDa hisTarI Apha iNDiyA (oNksaphorDa, 1920) -khAravela eNDa azoka (priNTra sa iNDiyA, dillI) -AndhrakarnATaka jainijma (madrAsa, 1922) - hisTarI Apha jainAmonAciz2ma (panA, 1956) --jainiz2ma eNDa karnATaka kAvara (dhAravAr3a, 1940) -maurya sAmrAjya kA itihAsa -dAnavIra mANikacanda (bambaI 1919) - prAcIna jaina smAraka (sUrata) --prAcIna jaina itihAsa (surata, 1938) -jainadharma kA maulika itihAsa, bhAga-1 (jayapura, 1971) rAdhAkamala mukarjI vinseNTa smitha zazikAnta zeSAgiri rAo esa.bI. deva esa.Ara, zarmA satyaketa vidyAlaMkAra zItalaprasAda brahmacArI sUrajamala jaina haslimala bhani sandarbha grandha-sUcI ! 999

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hIrAlAla jaina -jaina itihAsa kI pUrvapIThikA (bambaI, 1939) bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna bhopAla, 1962) jaina hitaiSI, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara -jainA eNTIkverI, anekAnta, jaisa-sandeza zodhAMka, a~garejI jaina gajaTa, jaina-jarnala, vIravANI, zramaNa Adi pani pasaleM / M1949) praha, 2 bhAga hI ma., . .