Rajasthan ka Jain Sahitya

Author(s): Vinaysagar
Publisher: Devendraraj Mehta
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/003178/1

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rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura

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prAkRta-bhAratI puSpa 2 rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya sampAdaka-maNDala agaracanda nAhaTA haoN. narendra bhAnAvata DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla DaoN alacAda seThiyA mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara prAkRta bhAratI, jayapura

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prakAzaka devendrarAja mehatA saciva, prAkRta-bhAratI jayapura mUlya 50.00 rupaye vIra ni. saM. 2503 vikrama saM. 2034 IsavI 1977 zakAbda 1899 mudraka / rAjya kendrIya mudraNAlaya, jayapura /

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Amukha jaina dharma kA darzana, nyAya tathA saMskRti--ye bhAratIya paramparA ke bar3e samRddha aura prAcInatama tatva haiN| isa sthiti kA pramANa jaina sAhitya hai jo prAkRta, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI evaM kaI sthAnIya bhASAoM meM milatA hai| ye sAhitya zrAgama, purANa, kathA, caritra, kAvya, nibandha Adi ke rUpa meM upalabdha hai| kucha sAhitya aisA hai jo kavitAnoM, kathAnoM tathA gItoM ke dvArA jaina dharma ke gUr3ha siddhAntoM ko samAjoddhAra aura rASTrotthAna ke svara ko mukharita karane meM sahayogI siddha hunA hai | parantu isa vaijJAnika yuga meM isa sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga yA to prakAzita hai yA zraprApya hai / zrataeva jaina dharma aura saMskRti ke saMbaMdha meM lekhana evaM adhyayana kA kArya anusaMdhAnakoM ke liye eka kaThinAI kA kAraNa banA huA hai / kaI jaina bhaNDAra aise haiM jinameM nihita vidyA-nidhi ke darzana kA lAbha bhI sulabha nahIM hai| prastuta grantha meM gaNamAnya vidvAnoM ke lekhoM ne jaina sAhitya ko prakAza meM lAne kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| ina lekhoM meM prAcIna lekhakoM, sAdhakoM aura granthoM kI samIkSA dekara jijJAsunoM kI jJAna-pipAsA ko kisI sImA taka bujhAne meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| anusaMdhAnakartAnoM ke lie bhI yaha grantha patha-pradarzaka kA kAma karegA, aisI merI mAnyatA hai / isameM diye gaye sAhitya aura sAhityakAroM kA paricaya mahatvazAlI jaina sAhitya kI apAra vizleSaNa to nahIM karatA parantu khoja kI dRSTi se samucita udbodhana avazya karatA hai / meM prAkRta bhAratI evaM saMcAlaka maMDala ko badhAI detA hUM ki isa prakAzana ke kArya kA zubhAraMbha kara usane jaina sAhitya kI prazaMsanIya sevA kI hai / rAzi kA sarvAgINa gopInAtha zarmA, nidezaka, rAjasthAna adhyayana kendra, rAjasthAna vizva vidyAlaya, jayapura /

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prakAzakIya 'prAkRta-bhAratI' ke dvitIya puSpa ke rUpa meM rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya' nAmaka zodhanibandhoM kA saMgraha pAThakoM ke kara-kamaloM meM arpita karate hue mujhe hArdika prasannatA ho rahI hai| zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kI 2500vIM nirvANa zatAbdI ke zubha avasara para rAjasthAna sarakAra ne rAjya stara para zatAbdI samAroha samiti kI sthApanA kI thii| samiti ne sAhityika yojanA ke antargata tIna pustakoM ke prakAzana kA nirNaya liyA thA-1. kalpasUtra (sacina), 2. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya, aura 3. rAjasthAna kI jaina kalA aura sthApatya / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA darzana aura loka-kalyANamayI sArvajanIna vicAradhArA se sambandhita sAhitya kA pracAra-prasAra sarvadA pravardhamAna rUpa se hotA rahe, isa daSTi-bindU ko dhyAna meM rakhakara, zatAbdI samAroha ke pazcAt 'prAkRta-bhAratI' kI sthApanA kI gaI aura ukta granthoM ke kArya ko pUrNa karane kA bhAra 'prAkRta-bhAratI' ko sauMpa diyA gyaa| rAjasthAna pradeza ke nivAsiyoM evaM isa pradeza meM vicaraNa karane vAle murdhanya vidvAnoMzramaNoM ne zatAbdiyoM se dharma evaM dharmetara sabhI viSayoM tathA samagra vidhAoM para maulika evaM vyAkhyAtmaka sAhitya-sarjana kara sarasvatI kI abhUtapUrva sevA kI hai| ina manISiyoM ne kevala devavANI-saMskRta ko hI mAdhyama nahIM banAyA, apitu saMskRta ke sAtha-sAtha tatkAlIna jana-bhASAoM prAkRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI aura hindI bhASA meM bhI racanAeM kIM aura ina bhASAoM ko sakSama banAne meM hAtha baTAyA / pratyeka sAhityakAra aura sAhitya kA samIkSAtmaka malyAMkana aneka khaNDoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu vaha samaya tathA zramasAdhya hai| isI kAraNa vidvAn lekhakoM ne prastuta pustaka meM rAjasthAna ke jJAta vidvAnoM dvArA racita tathA prApta samasta sAhitya kA digdarzana karAne kA prayatna kiyA hai| vijJa lekhakagaNa, vidvAna sampAdaka maNDala Adi jinhoMne pratyakSa-apratyakSa rUpa se isa prakAzana meM apanA sauhArdapUrNa yogadAna dekara saMsthAna ko gauravAnvita kiyA hai usake liye maiM apanI ora se evaM saMsthAna kI ora se ina saba kA hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgarajI kA isa pustaka ke sampAdana evaM vyavasthA kA kAryabhAra saMbhAlane meM vizeSa sahayoga rahA hai etadartha ve dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiN| merA vizvAsa hai ki yaha pustaka sAhitya ke kSetra meM zodhArthiyoM ke liye na kevala pathapradarzaka hogI apitu zodha ke kSetra meM naye AyAma bhI prastuta karane meM samartha hogii| dinAMka 28-3-1977 devendrarAja mehatA, saciva, prAkRta-bhAratI, jayapura /

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sampAdakIya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500veM parinirvANa varSa ke upalakSya meM rAjyastara para gaThita rAjasthAna rAjya bhagavAna mahAvIra 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava samiti kI sAhityika paM.janA ke antargata yaha grantha prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| grantha chaH khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama khaNDa prAkRta sAhitya se sambandhita hai| isameM cAra nibandha haiM jo prAkRta sAhitya kI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM aura rAjasthAna ke prAkRta sAhityakAroM se sambandhita hai| dvitIya khaNDa saMskRta sAhitya se sambandhita hai| isa khaNDa meM pAMca nibandha haiM jo saMskRta sAhitya ke vikAsa aura pravRttiyoM, rAjasthAna ke saMskRta sAhityakAroM tathA jaina saMskRta mahAkAvyoM se sambandhita haiN| tRtIya khaNDa apagraMza sAhitya se sambandhita hai| isameM cAra nibandha hai jo apabhraMza sAhitya kI sAmAnya pRSTabhUmi, usake vikAsa,pravRttiyoM aura sAhityakAroM se sambandhita hai / caturtha khaNDa rAjasthAnI sAhitya se sambandhita hai| isameM 9 nibandha haiM jo rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI sAmAnya pRSThabhUmi aura padya tathA gadya kSetra ke sAhityakAroM se sambandhita hai| paMcama khaNDa hindI sAhitya se sambandhita hai| isameM nibandha haiM jo hindI jaina sAhitya kI sAmAnya pravattiyoM aura padya tathA gadya kI vividha vidhAoM para prakAza DAlate haiN| SaSTha khaNDa pariziSTa khaNDa hai| isa khaNDa meM loka sAhitya, granthabhaNDAra, zilAlekha aura lekhanakalA se sambandhita lekha diye gaye haiN| anta meM anukramaNikA dekara grantha ko zodhArthiyoM ke lie vizeSa upayogI banAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha dvArA rAjasthAna meM racita prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI aura hindI bhASA ke jaina sAhitya kI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM aura usase sambaddha racanAkAroM kA paricaya dene kA vinamra prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| rAjasthAna meM racita Adhunika sAhitya alaga-alaga sthAnoM se alaga-alaga vyaktiyoM aura saMsthAoM dvArA prakAzita hone se vibhinna sthaloM para upalabdha hai| isa kAraNa aba taka prakAzita samagra sAhitya kA Akalana kara, usakA mUlyAMkana karanA kisI eka lekhaka ke lie zakya na hone se saMbhava hai katipaya granthoM tathA granthakAroM kA nAmollekha hone se raha gayA ho|is prakAzana dvArA rAjasthAna meM pravAhita jaina sAhitya kI bahamakhI dhArA se pAThakoM ko paricita karAnA hamArA uddezya hai| isakA samyak mUlyAMkana to Age kI sIr3hI hai| prantha ke prastutikaraNa meM hamArI samanvayAtmaka dRSTi rahI hai| rAjasthAna meM pracalita jaina samAja kI zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAoM ke sAhitya aura sAhityakAroM ke sambandha meM, paramparA vizeSa se sambaddha adhikArI vidvAnoM se nivedana kara, nibandha juTAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| nibandhoM meM abhivyakta vicAra lekhakoM ke apane haiN| usake lie rAjya samiti yA sampAdaka maNDala uttaradAyI nahIM hai| vidvAna saMtoM aura lekhakoM ne atyanta vyasta rahate hue bhI hamAre nivedana para jisa apanatva ke sAtha apane nibandha bhijavAkara sahayoga pradAna kiyA usake liye kRtajJatA jJApita karanA hama apanA parama kartavya mAnate haiN| rAjyastara para gaThita samiti ke adhyakSa mAnanIya zrI haridevajI jozI, mukhya mantrI, pajasthAna sarakAra, samiti ke upAdhyakSa mAnanIya zrI candanamalajI baida, vina mantrI, sajasthAna

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sarakAra aura samiti ke saciva mAnanIya zrI devendrarAjajI mehatA ke hama vizeSa prAbhArI haiM jinake sakriya sahayoga aura samyaka nirdezana se isa mahatvapUrNa grantha kA prakAzana sambhava ho skaa| mAzA hai, rAjasthAna ke jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana, samIkSaNa aura mUlyAMkana kI dizA meM paha grantha eka AdhArabhata grantha siddha hogA aura isake mAdhyama se samagra bhAratIya sAhitya kI prAtmA maura sAMskRtika cetanA ko samajhane-parakhane meM madada milegii| -sampAdaka maNDala ke sadasya

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bhUmikA dharma, sAhitya aura saMskRti : dharma aura sAhitya donoM saMskRti ke pramukha aMga haiN| saMskRti jana kA mastiSka hai, dharma jana kA hRdaya aura dharma kI rasAtmaka anubhUti hai saahity| jaba-jaba saMskRti ne kaThora rUpa dhAraNa kiyA, hiMsA kA patha apanAyA, apane rUpa ko bhayAvaha va vikRta banAne kA prayatna kiyA, taba-taba dharma ne use hRdaya kA pyAra luTA kara komala banAyA,ahiMsA aura karuNA kI barasAta kara usake raktAnajita patha ko snehaparita aura amRtamaya banAyA,saMyama, tapa aura sadAcAra se usake jIvana ko saundarya aura zakti kA varadAna diyaa| manuSya kI mUla samasyA hai-Ananda kI khoja / yaha prAnanda taba taka nahIM mila sakatA jaba taka ki manuSya bhaya-mukta na ho,pAtaMka-mukta na ho| isa bhayamukti ke liye do zarte aAvazyaka haiN| prathama to yaha ki manuSya apane jIvana ko itanA zIlavAna, sadAcArI aura nirmala banAe ki koI usase na ddre| dvitIya yaha ki vaha apane meM itanA puruSArtha, sAmarthya aura bala saMcita kare ki koI use DarA-dhamakA na ske| prathama zarta ko dharma pUrNa karatA hai aura dUsarI ko sNskRti| sAhitya inheM saMvedanA ke stara para kalApUrNa banAtA hai| jaina dharma aura mAnava saMskRti : jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra sabhyatA kI prArambhika avasthA meM vartamAna avasarpiNI ke prathama tInoM kAloM meM jIvana atyanta sarala evaM prAkRtika thaa| tathAkathita kalpavRkSoM se AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti ho jAyA karatI thii| yaha akarma bhUmi, bhoga-bhUmi kA kAla thaa| para tIsare kAla ke antima pAda meM kAla cakra ke prabhAva se isa avasthA meM parivartana AyA aura manuSya karmabhUmi kI ora agrasara hyaa| usameM mAnava sambandhaparakatA kA bhAva jagA aura pArivArika vyavasthAkula vyavasthA-sAmane aaii| isake vyavasthApaka kulakara yA manu kahalAye jo vikAsa-krama meM vaudaha hue| kulakara vyavasthA kA vikAsa Age calakara samAja saMgaThana, dharmasaMgaThana ke rUpa meM. iyA aura isake pramukha netA 24 tIrthakara tathA gauNa netA 39 anya mahApuruSa (12 cakravartI, 9 baladeva, 9 vAsudeva, 9 prativAsudeva) hue jo saba milakara triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa kahe jAte haiN| uparyukta pRSThabhUmi meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina dRSTi se dharma kevala vaiyaktika AcaraNa hI nahIM hai, vaha sAmAjika AvazyakatA aura samAja-kalyANa vyavasthA kA mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka bhI hai| jahAM vaiyaktika AcaraNa ko pavitra aura manuSya kI AMtarika zakti ko jAgRta karane kI dRSTi se mA, mArdava, Arjava, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, brahmacarya jaise manobhAvAdhArita dharmoM kI vyavasthA hai vahAM sAmAjika cetanA ko vikasita aura sAmAjika saMgaThana ko sudRDha tathA svastha banAne kI dRSTi se grAma dharma, nagara dharma, rASTra dharma, kula dharma, gaNa dharma, saMgha dharma jaise samAjonmukhI dharmoM tathA grAma pthavira, nagara sthavira, prazAstA sthavira, kula sthavira, gaNa sthavira, saMgha sthavira jaise dharmanAyakoM kI bhI vyavasthA kI gaI hai| isa bindu para Akara "jana" aura "samAja" paraspara jur3ate haiM aura dharma meM nivRtti-pravRtti, tyAga-sevA aura jJAna-kriyA kA samAveza hotA hai| saMskRti kA pariSkAra aura bhagavAna mahAvIra : antima tIrthakara mahAvIra taka Ate-Ate isa saMskRti meM kaI parivartana hue| saMskRti ke vizAla sAgara meM vibhinna vicAradhArAoM kA saMgama hyaa| para mahAvIra ke samaya isa

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sAMskRtika saMgama kA kutsita aura vIbhatsa rUpa hI sAmane aayaa| saMskRti kA jo nirmala aura loka kalyANakArI rUpa thA vaha aba vikAragrasta hokara canda vyaktiyoM kI hI sampatti bana gyaa| dharma ke nAma para kriyAkANDa kA pracAra bddh'aa| yajJa ke nAma para mUka pazuoM kI bali dI jAne lgii| azvamedha hI nahIM naramedha bhI hone lge| varNAzrama vyavasthA meM kaI vikRtiyAM prA gii| strI aura zUdra adhama tathA nimna samajhe jAne lge| unako Atma-cintana aura sAmAjika-pratiSThA kA koI adhikAra na rhaa| tyAgI-tapasvI samajhe jAne vAle loga aba lAkhoM-karor3oM kI saMpatti ke mAlika bana baitthe| bhoga aura aizvarya kilakAriyAM mArane lgaa| eka prakAra kA sAMskRtika saMkaTa upasthita ho gyaa| isase mAnavatA ko ubAranA Avazyaka thaa| varddhamAna mahAvIra ne saMvedanazIla vyakti kI bhAMti isa gaMbhIra sthiti kA anazIlana aura parIkSaNa kiyaa| bAraha varSoM ko kaThora sAdhanA ke bAda ve mAnavatA ko isa saMkaTa se ubArane ke liye pramata le aaye| unhoMne ghoSaNA kI-'sabhI jIva jInA cAhate haiM, maranA koI nahIM caahtaa| yajJa ke nAma para kI gaI hiMsA adharma hai| saccA yajJa prAtmA ko pavitra banAne meM hai| isake liye krodha kI bali dIjiye, mAna ko mAriye, mAyA ko kATiye aura lobha kA unmalana kiijiye|' mahAvIra ne prANI-mAtra kI rakSA karane kA udbodhana diyaa| dharma ke isa ahiMsAmaya rUpa ne saMskRti ko atyanta tarala aura vistRta banA diyaa| use janarakSA (mAnava samudAya) taka sImita na rakhakara samasta prANiyoM kI surakSA kA bhAra bhI saMbhalavA diyaa| jaina dharma meM janatAMtrika sAmAjika cetanA ke tattva : yadyapi yaha sahI hai ki dharma kA mala kendra vyakti hotA hai kyoMki dharma AcaraNa se prakaTa hotA hai para usakA prabhAva samUha yA samAja meM pratiphalita hotA hai aura isI pariprekSya meM janatAntrika sAmAjika cetanA ke tattvoM ko pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| kucha logoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki janatAntrika sAmAjika cetanA kI avadhAraNA pazcimI janataMtra-yUnAna ke prAcIna nagara rAjya aura kAlAntara meM phrAMsa kI rAjya krAnti kI dena hai| para sarvathA aisA mAnanA ThIka nhiiN| prAcIna bhAratIya rAjatantra vyavasthA meM prAdhunika iMgalaiNDa kI bhAMti sImita va vaidhAnika rAjatantra se yukta prajAtaMtrAtmaka zAsana ke bIja vidyamAna the| jana sabhAoM aura viziSTa AdhyAtmika RSiyoM dvArA rAjatantra sImita thaa| svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIra licchivIgaNa rAjya se saMbaMdhita the| yaha avazya hai ki pazcimI janatantra aura bhAratIya janatantra kI vikAsa prakriyA aura uddezyoM meM antara rahA hai, use isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai:-- 1. pazcima meM sthAnIya zAsana kI utpatti kendrIya zakti se huI hai jabaki bhArata meM isakI utpatti jana-samadAya kI zakti se huI hai| 2. pAzcAtya janatAntrika rAjya pUMjIvAda, upanivezavAda aura sAmrAjyavAda ke bala para phale-phUle haiM / ve apanI svatantratA ke liye to saMgharSa karate haiM para dUsare dezoM ko rAjanaitika dAsatA kA zikAra banA kara unheM svazAsana ke adhikAra se vaMcita rakhane kI sAjiza karate haiN| para bhAratIya janatantra kA rAstA isase bhinna hai| usane Arthika zoSaNa aura rAjanaitika prabhutva ke uddezyoM se kabhI bAharI dezoM para AkramaNa nahIM kiyaa| usakI nIti zAntipUrNa saha-astitva aura antararASTrIya sahayoga kI rahI hai| 3. pazcimI dezoM ne pUMjIvAdI aura sAmyavAdI donoM prakAra ke janatantroM ko sthApita karane meM raktapAta, hatyAkANDa aura hiMsaka krAnti kA sahArA liyA hai para bhAratIya janatantra kA vikAsa loka-zakti aura sAmUhika cetanA kA phala hai| ahiMsaka pratirodha aura satyAgraha usake mUla prAdhAra rahe hai|

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saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhAratIya samAja-vyavasthA meM janatantra kevala rAjanaitika saMdarbha hI nahIM hai| yaha eka vyApaka jIvana paddhati hai, eka mAnasika dRSTikoNa hai jisakA saMbaMdha jIvana ke dhArmika, naitika, mArthika, sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika sabhI pakSoM se hai / isa dharAtala para jaba hama cintana karate haiM to mukhyataH jaina darzana meM aura adhikAMzataH anya bhAratIya darzanoM meM bhI janatAMtrika sAmAjika cetanA ke nimna likhita makhya tattva rekhAMkita kiye jA sakate haiM:-- 1. svatantratA 2. samAnatA 3. lokakalyANa 4. sArvajanInatA 1. svatantratA:-svatantratA janatantra kI AtmA hai aura jaina darzana kI mUla bhitti bhii| jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra jIva athavA AtmA svatantra astitva vAlA dravya hai| apane astitva ke liye na to yaha kisI dUsare dravya para Azrita hai aura na isa para Azrita koI anya dravya hai| isa dRSTi se jIva ko prabhu kahA gayA hai -jisakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jIva svayaM hI apane utthAna yA patana kA uttaradAyI hai| sada pravatta AtmA hI usakA mitra hai aura duSpravRtta prAtmA hI usakA zatra hai| svAdhInatA aura parAdhInatA usake karmoM ke adhIna hai| vaha apanI sAdhanA ke dvArA ghAti-praghAti sabhI prakAra ke karmoM ko naSTa kara pUrNa mukti prApta kara sakatA hai| svayaM paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| jaina darzana meM yahI jIva kA lakSya mAnA gayA hai| yahAM svatantratA ke sthAna para ma kti zabda kA prayoga hayA hai| isa makti prApti meM jIva kI sAdhanA aura usakA puruSArtha hI makhya sAdhana hai| makti-prApti ke liye svayaM ke Atma ko hI puruSArtha meM lagAnA hogaa| isa prakAra jIva mAtra kI garimA, mahattA aura icchA zakti ko jaina darzana meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| isIliye yahAM makta jIva arthAta paramAtmA kI gaNAtmaka ekatA ke sAtha-sAtha mAtrAtmaka anekatA hai| kyoMki pratyeka jIva Izvara ke sAnnidhya-sAmIpya-lAbha hI prApta karane kA adhikArI nahIM hai, balki svayaM paramAtmA banane ke liye kSamatAvAna hai / phalataH jaina dRSTi meM prAtmA hI paramAtmadazA prApta karatI hai, para koI paramAtmA AtmadazA prApta kara punaH avatarita nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra vyakti ke astitva ke dharAtala para jIva ko IzvarAdhInatA aura karmAdhInatA donoM se makti dilAkara usakI pUrNa svatantratA kI rakSA kI gayI hai| kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita karma siddhAnta svatantratA kA pUrI taura se anubhava nahIM kraataa| kyoMki vaha eka prakAra se prAtmA ko karmAdhIna banA detA hai| para saca bAta to yaha hai ki mahAvIra kI karmAdhInatA bhAgya dvArA niyaMtrita na hokara puruSArtha dvArA saMcAlita hai| mahAvIra spaSTa kahate haiM-'he prAtman ! tU svayaM hI apanA nigraha kr| aisA karane se tu dukhoM se mukta ho jaayegaa|' yaha sahI hai ki prAtmA apane kRta karmoM ko bhogane ke liye bAdhya hai para vaha itanI bAdhya nahIM ki vaha usameM parivartana na lA ske| mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM AtmA ko karmabandha meM jitanI svatantratA hai, utanI hI svatantratA use karmaphala ke bhogane kI bhI hai| AtmA apane pUruSArtha ke bala para karmaphala meM parivartana lA sakatI hai| isa saMbaMdha meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke karma-parivartana ke nimnalikhita cAra siddhAnta vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiM:-- (1) udIraNA-niyata avadhi se pahale karma kA udaya meM aanaa| (2) udvartana-karma kI avadhi aura phala dene kI zakti meM abhivRddhi honaa|

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(3) apavartana--karma kI avadhi aura phala dene kI zakti meM kamI honaa| (4) saMkramaNa--eka karma prakRti kA dUsarI karma prakRti meM saMkramaNa honaa| ukta siddhAnta ke AdhAra para bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pratipAdita kiyA ki manuSya apane puruSArtha ke bala se bandhe hae karmoM kI avadhi ko ghaTA-bar3hA sakatA hai aura karmaphala kI zakti manda athavA tIvra kara sakatA hai| isa prakAra niyata avadhi se pahale karma bhogA jA sakatA hai aura tIvra phala vAlA karma manda phala vAle karma ke rUpa meM manda phala vAlA karma tIvra phala vAle karma ke rUpa meM badalA jA sakatA hai| yahI nahIM, puNya karma ke paramANu ko pApa ke rUpa meM aura pApa karma ke paramANa ko puNya ke rUpa meM saMkrAnta karane kI kSamatA bhI manuSya ke svayaM ke puruSArtha meM hai| niSkarSa yaha ki mahAvIra manuSya ko isa bAta kI svatantratA dete haiM ki yadi vaha jAgarUka hai, apane puruSArtha ke prati saccA hai aura viveka pUrvaka apramatta bhAva se apane kArya sampAdita karatA hai, to vaha karma kI adhInatA se mukta ho sakatA hai, paramAtma dazA (pUrNa svatantratA) koprApta kara sakatA hai| jaina darzana kI yaha svatantratA niraMkuza ekAdhikAravAditA kI upaja nahIM hai| isameM dUsaroM ke astitva kI svatantratA kI bhI pUrNa rakSA hai| isI bindu se ahiMsA kA siddhAnta ubharatA hai jisameM jana ke prati hI nahIM, prANI mAtra ke prati mitratA aura bandhutva kA bhAva hai| yahAM jana para Sya hI prANI nahIM hai aura mAtra usakI hatyA hI hiMsA nahIM hai| jaina zAstroM meM prANa prarthAt jIvana zakti ke dasa bheda batAye gaye haiM:-sunane kI zakti, dekhane kI zakti, sUMghane kI zakti, svAda lene kI zakti, chUne kI zakti, vicArane kI zakti, bolane kI zakti, gamanAgamana kI zakti, zvAsa lene-chor3ane kI zakti aura jIvita rahane kI shkti| inameM se pramatta yoga dvArA kisI bhI prANa ko kSati pahuMcAnA, usa para pratibandha lagAnA, usakI svatantratA meM bAdhA pahuMcAnA, hiMsA hai| jaba hama kisI ke svatantra ciMtana ko bAdhita karate haiM, usake bolane para pratibandha lagAte haiM aura gamanAgamana para roka lagAte haiM to prakArAntara se kramazaH usake mana, vacana aura kAyA rUpa prANa kI hiMsA karate haiN| isI prakAra kisI ke dekhane, sunane, suMghane, cakhane, chUne Adi para pratibaMdha lagAnA bhI vibhinna prANoM kI hiMsA hai| yaha kahane kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki svatantratA kA yaha sUkSma, udAtta citana hI hamAre saMvidhAna ke svatantratA saMbaMdhI maulika adhikAroM kA utsa rahA hai| vicAra-jagata meM svatantratA kA bar3A mahattva hai| prAtmanirNaya aura matAdhikAra isI ke pariNAma haiN| kaI sAmyavAdI dezoM meM sAmAjika aura Arthika svatantratA hote hue bhI icchA svAtantraya kA yaha adhikAra nahIM hai| para jaina darzana meM aura hamAre saMvidhAna meM bhI vicAra svAtantrya ko sarvopari mahattva diyA gayA hai / jaina darzana kI mAnyatA ke anusAra jagata meM jar3a aura cetana do padArtha haiN| sRSTi kA vikAsa inhIM para AdhArita hai| jIva kA lakSaNa caitanyamaya kahA gayA hai| jIva ananta haiM aura unameM prAtmagata samAnatA hote hae bhI saMskAra, karma aura bAhya paristhiti Adi aneka kAraNoM se unake zArIrika evaM mAnasika vikAsa meM bahata hI antara A jAtA hai| isI kAraNa saba kI pRthaka sattA hai aura saba apane karmAnusAra phala bhogate haiN| ananta jIvoM kA pRthak-pRthak astitva hone prA ke kAraNa unake vicAroM meM vibhinnatA honA svAbhAvika hai| alaga-alaga jIvoM kI bAta chor3iye, eka hI manuSya meM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ke anusAra alaga-alaga vicAra utpanna hote rahate haiN| ataH dArzanikoM ke samakSa sadaiva yaha eka jaTila prazna banA rahA ki isa vicAragata viSamatA meM samatA kaise sthApita kI jAye ?

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5 I jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne aura vizeSataH bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa prazna para bahuta hI gaMbhIratApUrvaka cintana kiyA aura niSkarSa rUpa meM kahA- pratyeka vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai / vaha utpAda, vyaya aura zrIvya yukta hai / dravya meM utpAda aura vyaya se hone vAlI bhavasthAoM ko paryAya kahA gayA guNa kabhI naSTa nahIM hote aura na apane svabhAva ko badalate haiM kintu paryAyoM ke dvArA avasthA se asthAntara hote hue sadaiva sthira bane rahate haiM / jaise svarNa dravya hai / kisI ne usake kar3e banavA liye aura phira usa kar3e se kaMkaNa banavA lie to yaha paryAyoM kA badalanA kahA jAyegA para jo svarNatva guNa hai vaha hara avasthA meM sthAyI rUpa se vidyamAna rahatA hai| aisI sthiti meM kisI vastu kI eka pravasthA ko dekhakara use hI satya mAna lenA aura usa para ar3e rahanA haThavAditA yA durAgraha hai| ekAnta dRSTi se kisI vastu vizeSa kA samagra jJAna nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / sApekSa dRSTi se, apekSA vizeSa se dekhane para hI usakA sahI va saMpUrNa jJAna prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTikoNa ke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jIva, jIva, loka dravya Adi kI nityatA- anityatA, dvaita-advaita, astitva - nAstitva jaisI vikaTa dArzanika paheliyoM ko saralatA pUrvaka sulajhAyA aura samanvayavAda kI AdhArabhitti ke rUpa meM kathana kI syAdvAda zailI kA pratipAdana kiyA / vyakti meM isa prakAra kI vaicArika udAratA kA janma hotA hai taba vaha ahaM, bhaya, ghRNA krodha, hiMsA Adi bhAvoM se virata hokara saralatA, prema, maitrI, prahiMsA aura abhaya jaise lokativAhI mAMgalika bhAvoM meM ramaNa karane lagatA hai / use vibhinnatA meM prabhinnatA aura anekatva meM ekattva ke darzana hone lagate haiM / mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA ki pratyeka jIva kA svatantra astitva hai, isaliye usakI svatantra vicAra- cetanA bhI hai| ataH jaisA tuma socate ho eka mAtra vahI satya nahIM hai| dUsare jo socate haiM usameM bhI satyAMza nihita hai| ataH pUrNa satya kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke liye itara logoM ke soce huye, anubhava kiye hue satyAMzoM ko bhI mahattva do| unheM samajho, parakho aura usake Aloka meM apane satya kA parIkSaNa kro| isame na kevala tumheM usa satya kA sAkSAtkAra hogA varan apanI bhUloM ke prati sudhAra karane kA avasara bhI milegA / prakArAntara se mahAvIra kA yaha cintana janatAntrika zAsana vyavasthA meM svastha virodhI pakSa kI zrAvazyakatA aura mahattA pratipAdita karatA hai tathA isa bAta kI preraNA detA hai ki kisI bhI tathya ko bhalI prakAra samajhane ke liye apane ko virodha pakSa kI sthiti meM rakhakara usa para ciMtana kro| taba jo satya nikharegA vaha nirmala, nirvikAra aura niSpakSa hogA / mahAvIra kA yaha vaicArika pradArya aura sApekSa citana svatantratA kA rakSA kavaca hai| yaha dRSTikoNa anekAMta siddhAMta ke rUpa meM pratipAdita hai / 2. samAnatA :- svatantratA kI anubhUti vAtAvaraNa aura avasara kI samAnatA para nirbhara hai| yadi samAja meM jAtigata vaiSamya aura Arthika asamAnatA hai to svatantratA ke pradatta adhikAroM kA bhI koI vizeSa upayoga nahIM / isaliye mahAvIra ne svatantratA para jitanA bala diyA utanA hI bala samAnatA para diyA / unheM jo virakti huI vaha kevala jIvana kI nazvaratA yA sAMsArika asAratA ko dekhakara nahIM, varan manuSya dvArA manuSya kA zoSaNa dekhakara ve tilamilA uThe aura usa zoSaNa ko miTAne ke liye, jIvana ke hara stara para samatA sthApita karane ke liye unhoMne krAMti kI, tIrthaM pravartana kiyaa| eka ora, bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bIca panape dharmaM dalAloM ko anAvazyaka batAkara, bhakta aura bhagavAna ke bIca guNAtmaka saMbaMdha jor3A / janma ke sthAna para karma ko pratiSThita kara garIboM, dalitoM aura asahAyoM ko ucca prAdhyAtmika sthiti prApta karane kI kalA sikhaayii| apane sAdhanA kAla meM kaThora prabhigraha dhAraNa kara dAsI banI, hathakar3I aura ber3iyoM meM jakar3I, tIna dina se bhUkhI, muNDitakeza rAjakumArI caMdanA se prahAra grahaNa kara, ucca kSatriya rAjakula kI mahArAniyoM ke mukAbale samAja meM nikRSTa samajhI jAne vAlI nArI zakti kI AdhyAtmika garimA aura mahimA pratiSThApita kii| jAtivAda

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aura varNavAda ke khilApha cher3I gayI yaha sAmAjika krAMti bhAratIya janatantra kI sAmAjika samAnatA kA mukhya AdhAra banI hai| yaha tathya pazcima ke sabhya kahalAne vAle tathAkathita janatAntrika dezoM kI raMgabheda nIti ke viruddha eka cunautI hai| mahAvIra dUradraSTA, vicAraka aura anantajJAnI sAdhaka the| unhoMne anubhava kiyA ki Arthika samAnatA ke binA samAjika samAnatA adhika samaya taka kAyama nahIM raha sakatI aura rAjanaitika svAdhInatA bhI Arthika svAdhInatA ke abhAva meM kalyANakArI nahIM bntii| isaliye mahAvIra kA sArA bala aparigraha bhAvanA para rhaa| eka ora unhoMne eka aisI sAdha saMsthA khar3I kI jisake pAsa rahane ko apanA koI prAgAra nhiiN| kala ke khAne kI Aja koI nizcita vyavasthA nahIM, surakSA ke liye jisake pAsa koI sAdhana-saMgraha nahIM, jo anagAra hai, bhikSuka hai, pAdavihArI hai, nigrantha hai, zramaNa hai, apanI zrama-sAdhanA para jItA hai aura dUsaroM ke kalyANa ke liye samarpita hai usakA sArA jiivn| jise samAja se kucha lenA nahIM, denA hI denA hai| dUsarI ora unhoMne upAsaka saMsthA-zrAvaka saMsthA khaDI kI jisake parigraha kI maryAdA hai| jo aNubratI hai| zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM para jaba hama ciMtana karate haiM to lagatA hai ki ahiMsA ke samAnAntara hI parigraha kI maryAdA aura niyamana kA vicAra calA hai| gahastha ke liye mahAvIra yaha nahIM kahate ki tuma saMgraha na kro| unakA bala isa bAta para hai ki AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha mata kro| aura jo saMgraha karo usa para svAmitva kI bhAvanA mata rkho| pAzcAtya janatAntrika dezoM meM svAmitva ko nakArA nahIM gayA hai| vahAM saMpatti ko eka svAmI se chIna kara dUsare ko svAmI banA dene para bala hai| isa vyavasthA meM mamatA TTatI nahIM, svAmitva banA rahatA hai aura jaba taka svAmitva kA bhAva hai--saMgharSa hai, varga bheda hai| varga-vihIna samAja racanA ke liye svApitva kA visarjana jarUrI hai| mahAvIra ne isaliye parigraha ko saMpatti nahIM kahA. use mUrchA yA mamatva bhAva kahA hai| sAdha to nitAnta aparigrahI hotA hai,gahastha bhI dhIre-dhIre usa ora bar3he, yaha apekSA hai| isIliye mahAvIra ne zrAvaka ke bAraha vratoM meM jo vyavasthA dI hai vaha eka prakAra se svaicchika svAmitva-visarjana aura parigraha-maryAdA, sIliMga kI vyavasthA hai| Arthika viSamatA ke unmUlana ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki vyakti ke arjana ke srota aura upabhoga ke lakSya maryAdita aura nizcita hoN| bAraha vratoM meM tIsarA asteya vrata isa bAta para bala detA hai ki corI karanA hI vajita nahIM hai balki cora dvArA curAI huI vastu ko lenA, cora ko preraNA karanA, use kisI prakAra kI sahAyatA karanA, rAjya niyamoM ke viruddha pravRtti karanA, jhUThA nApa-tola karanA, jhUThA dastAveja likhanA, bhUThI sAkSI denA, vastuoM meM milAvaTa karanA, acchI vastu dikhAkara ghaTiyA de denA Adi saba pApa haiN| Aja kI bar3hatI haI cora-bAjArI, Teksa corI,khAdya padArthoM meM milAvaTa kI pravRtti Adi saba mahAvIra kI daSTi se vyakti ko pApa kI ora le jAte haiM aura samAja meM Arthika-viSamatA ke kAraNa banate haiN| isa pravatti ko rokane ke liye pAMcaveM vrata meM unhoMne kheta, makAna, sonA-cAMdI Adi jevarAta, dhana-dhAnya, pazu-pakSI, jamIna-jAyadAda Adi ko maryAdita, Aja kI zabdAvalI meM inakA sIliMga karane para jora diyA hai aura icchAoM ko uttarottara niyaMtrita karane kI bAta kahI hai| chaThe vrata meM vyApAra karane ke kSetra ko sImita karane kA vidhAna hai| kSetra aura dizA kA parimANa karane se na to taskaravRtti ko panapane kA avasara milatA hai aura na upanivezavAdI vRtti ko bar3hAvA milatA hai| sAtaveM vrata meM apane upabhoga meM Ane vAlI vastuoM kI maryAdA karane kI vyavasthA hai| yaha eka prakAra kA svaicchika rAzaniMga sisTama hai| isase vyakti anAvazyaka saMgraha se bacatA hai aura saMyamita rahane se sAdhanA kI ora pravatti bar3hatI hai| isI vrata meM arthArjana ke aise srotoM se bacate rahane kI bAta kahI gayI hai jinase hiMsA bar3hatI hai, kRSi-utpAdana ko hAni pahuMcatI hai aura asAmAjika tattvoM ko protsAhana milatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aise vyavasAyoM kI karmAdAna kI saMjJA dI hai aura unakI saMkhyA pandraha

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batalAyI hai| Aja ke saMdarbha meM iMgAlakamme-jaMgala meM Aga lagAnA, asaIjaNapoSaNayA-prasaMyati janoM kA poSaNa karanA arthAt asAmAjika tAvoM ko poSaNa denA, Adi para roka kA vizeSa mahattva hai| 3. loka kalyANa:--jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai mahAvIra ne gRhasthoM ke liye saMgraha kA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai balki AvazyakatA se adhika saMgraha na karane ko kahA hai| isake do phalitArtha haiM-eka to yaha ki vyakti apane liye jitanA Avazyaka ho utanA hI utpAdana kre| dUsarA yaha ki apane liye jitanA Avazyaka ho utanA to utpAdana kare hI aura dUsaroM ke liye jo aAvazyaka ho usakA bhI utpAdana kre| yaha dUsarA artha hI abhISTa hai| jaina dharma puruSArtha pradhAna dharma hai ataH vaha vyakti ko niSkriya va akarmaNya banAne kI zikSA nahIM detaa| rASTrIya utpAdana meM vyakti kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA ko jaina darzana svIkAra karatA hai para vaha utpAdana zoSaNa, jamAkhorI aura Arthika viSamatA kA kAraNa na bane, isakA viveka rakhanA Avazyaka hai| sarakArI kAnUna-kAyade to isa dRSTi se samaya-samaya para banate hI rahate haiM para jaina sAdhanA meM vrata-niyama, tapa-tyAga aura dAna-dayA ke mAdhyama se isa para niyaMtraNa rakhane kA vidhAna hai| tapoM meM vaiyAvRtya arthAta sevA ko mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| isI sevA-bhAva se dharma kA sAmAjika pakSa ubharatA hai| jaina dharmAvalimbayoM ne zikSA, cikitsA, chAtravRtti, vidhavA sahAyatA prAdi ke rUpa meM aneka TrasTa khar3e kara rASTra kI mahAna sevA kI hai| hamAre yahAM zAstroM meM paisA arthAt rupayoM ke dAna kA vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai| yahAM vizeSa mahatva rahA hai--AhAradAna , jJAnadAna, auSadhadAna aura abhayadAna kaa| svayaM bhUkhe raha kara dUsaroM ko bhojana karAnA puNya kA kArya mAnA gayA hai| anazana arthAta bhUkhA rahanA, apane prANoM ke prati moha chor3anA, prathama tapa kahA gayA hai para dUsaroM ko bhojana, sthAna, vastra prAdi denA, unake prati mana se zabha pravatti karanA, vANI se hita-vacana bolanA aura zarIra se zubha vyApAra karanA tathA samAja-seviyoM va loka-sevakoM kA Adara-satkAra karanA bhI puNya mAnA gayA hai| isake viparIta kisI kA bhojana-pAnI se viccheda karanA 'bhattapANavucchee' aticAra, pApa mAnA gayA hai| mahAvIra ne spaSTa kahA hai-jaise jIvita rahane kA hameM adhikAra hai vaise hI anya prANiyoM ko bhii| jIvana kA vikAsa saMgharSa para nahIM sahayoga para hI AdhArita hai| jo prANI jitanA adhika unnata aura prabuddha hai, usameM usI anupAta meM sahayoga aura tyAgavRtti kA vikAsa dekhA jAtA hai| manuSya sabhI prANiyoM meM zreSTha hai| isa nAte dUsaroM ke prati sahayogI bananA usakA mUla svabhAva hai| antaHkaraNa meM sevA-bhAva kA udreka tabhI hotA hai jaba "prAtmavata sarvabhUteSa" jaisA udAtta vicAra zeSa sRSTi ke sAtha AtmIya saMbaMdha jor3a pAtA hai| isa sthiti meM jo sevA kI jAtI hai vaha eka prakAra se sahaja sphUrta sAmAjika dAyitva hI hotA hai| loka-kalyANa ke liye apanI sampatti visajita kara denA eka bAta hai aura svayaM sakriya ghaTaka bana kara sevA kAryoM meM jaTa jAnA dUsarI bAta hai| pahalA sevA kA nakArAtmaka rUpa hai jabaki dUsarI meM sakArAtmaka rUpa / isameM sevAvratI 'slIpiMga pArTanara' bana kara nahIM raha sakatA, use sajaga praharI bana kara rahanA hotA loka-sevaka meM saralatA, mahRdayatA aura saMvedanazIlatA kA guNa honA Avazyaka hai| sevAvratI ko kisI prakAra kA aham na cha pAye aura vaha sattAlipsu na bana jAye, isa bAta kI satarkatA pada-pada para baratanI jarUrI hai| vinaya ko, jo dharma kA mUla kahA gayA hai, usakI arthavattA isa saMdarbha meM bar3I gaharI hai|

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loka-sevA ke nAma para apanA svArtha sAdhane vAloM ko mahAvIra ne isa prakAra cetAvanI dI hai: asaMvibhAgI prasaMgaharuI appamANabhoI / se tArisae nArAhae vayamiNaM / / arthAta--jo asaMvibhAgI hai-jIvana sAdhanoM para vyaktigata svAmitva kI sattA sthApita kara dUsaroM ke prakRti pradatta saMvibhAga ko nakAratA hai, asaMgraharuci-jo apane liye hI saMgraha karake rakhatA hai aura dUsaroM ke liye kucha bhI nahIM rakhatA, apramANa bhojI-maryAdA se adhika bhojana evaM jIvana-sAdhanoM kA svayaM upabhoga karatA hai, vaha ArAdhaka nahIM, virAdhaka hai| 4. sArvajanInatA.-svatantratA, samAnatA aura lokakalyANa kA bhAva sArvajanInatA (dharma nirapekSatA) kI bhUmi meM hI phala-phUla sakatA hai| dharma nirapekSatA kA artha dharma-vimukhatA yA dharma-rahitatA na hokara asAmpradAyika bhAvanA aura sArvajanIna samabhAva se hai| hamAre deza meM vividha dharma aura dharmAnuyAyI haiN| ina vividha dharmoM ke anuyAyiyoM meM pArasparika sauhArda, sammAna aura aikya kI bhAvanA banI rahe, saba ko apane-apane DhaMga se upAsanA karane aura apane-apane dharma kA vikAsa karane kA pUrNa avasara mile tathA dharma ke AdhAra para kisI ke sAtha bheda bhAva yA pakSapAta na ho, isI dRSTi se dharma nirapekSatA hamAre saMvidhAna kA mahatvapUrNa aMga banA hai| dharma nirapekSatA kI isa arthabhUmi ke abhAva meM na svatantratA Tika sakatI hai aura na samAnatA aura na loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA panapa sakatI hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne sabhyatA ke prArambha meM hI zAyada yaha tathya hadayaMgama kara liyA thaa| isIliye unakA sArA cintana dharma-nirapekSatA arthAta sArvajanIna samabhAva ke rUpa meM hI claa| isa saMbaMdha meM nimnalikhita tathya vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiM:-- (1) jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne apane nAma para dharma kA nAmakaraNa nahIM kiyaa| 'jaina' zabda, bAda kA zabda hai| ise samaNa (zramaNa), arhat aura nirgrantha dharma kahA gayA hai| 'zramaNa' zabda samabhAva, zramazIlatA aura vRttiyoM ke upazamana kA paricAyaka hai| arhat zabda bhI guNavAcaka hai| jisane pUrNa yogyatA-pUrNatA prApta karalI hai vaha hai-arhat / jisane saba prakAra kI granthiyoM se chuTakArA pA liyA hai vaha hai 'nirgrnth'| jinhoMne rAga-dveSa rUpa zatrunoM-pAntarika vikAroM ko jIta liyA hai ve 'jina' kahe gaye haiM aura unake anuyAyI jain| isa prakAra jaina dharma kisI vizeSa vyakti, sampradAya yA jAti kA paricAyaka na hokara una udAtta jIvana AdarzoM aura sArvajanIna bhAvoM kA pratIka hai jinameM saMsAra ke sabhI prANiyoM ke prati prAtmaupamya maitrI-bhAva nihita hai| (2) jaina dharma meM jo namaskAra maMtra hai, usameM kisI tIrthaMkara, prAcArya yA guru kA nAma lekara vandanA nahIM kI gaI hai| usameM paMca parameSThiyoM ko namana kiyA gayA hai-Namo arihaMtANaM, Namo siddhANaM, Namo pAyariyANaM, Namo uvajjhAyANaM, Namo loe savvasAhUNaM / arthAt jinhoMne apane antaraMga zannoM para vijaya prApta karalI hai, una arihantoM ko namaskAra ho, jo saMsAra ke janmamaraNa ke cakra se zuddha paramAtmA bana gaye haiM una siddhoM ko namaskAra ho, jo darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa Adi prAcAroM kA svayaM pAlana karate haiM aura dUsaroM se karavAte haiM, una prAcAryoM ko namaskAra ho, jo pAgamAdi jJAna ke viziSTa byAkhyAtA haiM aura jinake sAlidhya meM rahakara dUsare adhyayana karate haiM, una upAdhyAyoM ko namaskAra ho, loka meM jitane bhI satpuruSa haiM, una sabhI sAdhanoM ko namaskAra ho, cAhe ve kisI jAti, dharma, mata yA tIrtha se saMbaMdhita ho| kahanA na hogA ki namaskAra maMtra kA yaha guNaniSTha AdhAra jaina darzana kI udAracetA sArvajanIna bhAvanA kA merudaNDa hai|

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(3) jaina darzana ne Atma-vikAsa arthAta mukti ko sampradAya ke sAtha nahIM balki dharma ke sAtha jor3A hai| mahAvIra ne kahA-kisI bhI paramparA yA sampradAya meM dIkSita, kisI bhI liMga meM strI ho yA puruSa, kisI bhI veza meM sAdhu ho yA gRhastha, vyakti apanA pUrNa vikAsa kara sakatA hai| usake liye yaha Avazyaka nahIM ki vaha mahAvIra dvArA sthApita dharma-saMgha meM hI dIkSita ho| mahAvIra ne azrutvA kevalI ko jisane kabhI bhI dharma ko sunA bhI nahIM, parantu citta kI nirmalatA ke kAraNa, kevala jJAna kI kakSA taka pahuMcAyA hai| pandraha prakAra ke siddhoM meM anya liMga aura pratyeka bUddha siddhoM ko jo kisI sampradAya yA dhArmika paramparA se prerita hokara nahIM, balki apane jJAna se prabuddha hote haiM, sammilita kara mahAvIra ne sAmpradAyikatA kI nissAratA siddha kara dI hai| vastutaH dharma nirapekSatA kA artha dharma ke satya se sAkSAtkAra karane kI taTastha vRtti se hai| nirapekSatA arthAt apane lagAva aura dUsaroM ke dveSa bhAva ke pare rahane kI sthiti| isI artha meM jaina darzana meM dharma kI vivecanA karate hue vastu ke svabhAva ko dharma kahA hai| jaba mahAvIra se pUchA gayA ki Apa jise nitya,dhruva aura zAzvata dharma kahate haiM vaha kaunasA hai ? taba unhoMne kahAkisI prANI ko mata mAro, upadrava mata karo, kisI ko paritApa na do aura na kisI kI svatantratA kA apaharaNa kro| isa da STi se jaina dharma ke tatva prakArAntara se janatAntrika sAmAjika cetanA ke hI tatva haiN| uparyukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina darzana janatAntrika sAmAjika cetanA se prArambha se hI apane tatkAlIna saMdarbho meM, sampRkta rahA hai| usakI dRSTi janatantrAtmaka pariveza meM rAjanaitika kSitija taka hI sImita nahIM rahI hai| usane svatantratA aura samAnatA jaise janatAntrika malyoM ko lokabhUmi meM pratiSThita karane kI dRSTi se ahiMsA, anekAnta aura aparigraha jaise mUlyavAna bhUtra diye haiM aura vaiyaktika tathA sAmAjika dharAtala para dharmasiddhAMtoM kI manovijJAna aura samAjavijJAna sammata vyavasthA dI hai| isase nizcaya hI sAmAjika aura Arthika kSetra meM sAMskRtika svarAjya sthApita karane kI dizA milatI hai| sAMskRtika samanvaya aura bhAvanAtmaka ekatAH jaina dharma ne sAMskRtika samanvaya aura ekatA kI bhAvanA ko bhI balavatI banAyA / yaha samanvaya vicAra aura AcAradonoM kSetroM meM dekhane ko milatA hai| vicAra-samanvaya ke liye anekAnta darzana kI dena atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa darzana kI mUla bhAvanA kA vizleSaNa karate hae sAMsArika prANiyoM ko bodha diyA--kisI bAta ko siddhAnta ko eka tarapha se mata dekho, eka hI taraha usa para vicAra mata kro| tuma jo kahate ho vaha saca hogA para dUsare jo kahate haiM vaha bhI saca ho sakatA hai| isaliye sunate hI bhar3ako mata, vaktA ke dRSTikoNa se vicAra kro| Aja saMsAra meM jo tanAva aura dvandva hai vaha dUsaroM ke dRSTikoNa ko na samajhane yA viparyaya rUpa se samajhane ke kAraNa hai| agara anekAntavAda ke Aloka meM sabhI vyakti aura rASTra cintana karane laga jAyeM to jhagar3e kI jar3a hI na rhe| mAnava-saMskRti ke rakSaNa aura prasAra meM jaina dharma kI yaha dena atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai| AcAra-samanvaya kI dizA meM muni-dharma aura gRhastha dharma kI vyavasthA dI hai| pravRti aura nivRtti kA sAmaMjasya kiyA gayA hai| jJAna aura kriyA kA, svAdhyAya aura sAmAyika kA santulana isIliye Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| munidharma ke liye mahAvratoM ke paripAlana kA vidhAna hai| vahAM sarvathA-prakAreNa hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, maithuna aura parigraha ke tyAga kI bAta kahI gaI hai|

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10 gRhastha dharma meM aNuvatoM kI vyavasthA dI gaI hai, jahAM yathAzakya ina prAcAra-niyamoM kA pAlana abhipreta hai| pratimAdhArI zrAvaka vAnaprasthAzramI kI taraha aura sAdha saMnyAsAzramI kI taraha mAnA jA sakatA hai| sAMskRtika ekatA kI daSTi se jainadharma kA malyAMkana karate samaya yaha spaSTa pratibhAsita hotA hai ki usane sampradAyavAda, jAtivAda, prAntIyatAvAda, Adi sabhI matabhedoM ko tyAga kara rASTra-devatA ko bar3I udAra aura Adara kI dRSTi se dekhA hai / sAmAnyataH dharma ke vikasita hone ke kucha viziSTa kSetra hote haiN| unhIM dAyaroM meM vaha dharma bandhA huyA rahatA hai para jaina dharma isa dRSTi se kisI janapada yA prAnta vizeSa meM hI bandhA huA nahIM rhaa| usane bhArata ke kisI eka bhAga vizeSa ko hI apanI zraddhA kA, sAdhanA kA aura cintanA kA kSetra nahIM bnaayaa| vaha sampUrNa rASTra ko apanA mAnakara claa| dharma kA pracAra karane vAle vibhinna tIrthakaroM kI janmabhUmi, dIkSAsthalI, tapobhUmi, nirvANasthalI, Adi alaga-alaga rahI haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra videha (uttara vihAra) meM utpanna hae to unakA mAdhanA kSetra va nirvANa sthala magadha (dakSiNa vihAra) rhaa| teisaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kA janma to vArANasI meM hayA para unakA nirvANa sthala banA smmetshikhr| prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadeva ayodhyA meM janme, para unakI tapobhUmi rahI kailAza parvata aura bhagavAna ariSTanemi kA kama va dharma kSetra rahA gujarAta-saurASTra / dakSiNa bhArata meM isake pracAra-prasAra kA sambandha bhadrabAhu se jur3A huA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki 300 I. pUrva ke lagabhaga jaba uttara bhArata meM dvAdazavarSIya duSkAla par3A taba usake nivAraNArtha zratakevalI bhadrabAha, candragupta maurya va anya muniyoM tathA zrAvakoM ke sAtha karnATaka meM jAkara kalvadhu (vartamAna zravaNa belagola) meM bse| lagatA hai yahAM isake pUrva bhI jainadharma kA vizeSa prabhAva thaa| isI kAraNa yahAM bhadrabAhu ko anukUlatA rhii| yahIM se bhadrabAhu ne apane sAthI muni vizAkha' ko tamila pradeza bhejaa| varNa-vyavasthA ke duSpariNAma se pIr3ita tamilanADU jaina dharma ke sarvajAti samabhAva siddhAnta se atyanta prabhAvita hayA aura vahAM usakA khaba pracAra-prasAra huaa| tiruvalluvara kA 'ti rukUrala' tamilaveda ke rUpa meM samAdata hyaa| isameM 13 30 kuraloM ke mAdhyama se dharma, artha aura kAma kI samyaka vyAkhyA kI gaI hai| grAndhrapradeza bhI jaina dharma se prabhAvita rhaa| prasiddha prAcArya kAlaka paiThana ke rAjA ke guru the| isa prakAra deza kI cappA-cappA bhUmi isa dharma kI zraddhA aura zakti kA prAdhAra bnii| jaina dharma kI yaha sAMskRtika ekatA dezagatahI nahIM rhii| bhASA aura sAhitya meM bhI usane mamanvaya kA yaha praudArya prakaTa kiyaa| jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta ko hI nahIM anya sabhI pracalita loka-bhASAoM ko apanAkara unheM samacita sammAna diyaa| jahAM-jahAM bhI ve gae vahAM-vahAM kI bhASAnoM ko cAhe ve prArya-parivAra kI hoM, cAhe drAviDa parivAra kI-apane upadeza aura sAhitya kA mAdhyama bnaayaa| isI udAra pravRtti ke kAraNa madhyayugIna vibhinna janapadIya bhASAoM ke mUla rUpa surakSita raha sake haiN| grAja jaba bhASA ke nAma para vivAda aura matabheda haiM taba aise samaya meM jaina dharma kI yaha udAra dRSTi abhinandanIya hI nahIM, anukaraNIya bhI hai| mAhityika samanvaya kI STi se tIrthaMkaroM ke atirikta rAma aura kRSNa jaise lokapriya caritra-nAyakoM ko jaina sAhityakAroM ne sammAna kA sthAna diyaa| ye caritra jainiyoM ke apane bana kara pAe haiN| yahI nahIM, jo pAtra banyatra ghRNita aura bIbhatsa dRSTi se citrita kie gae haiM ve bhI yahAM ucita sammAna ke adhikArI bane haiN| isakA kAraNa zAyada yaha rahA ki jaina sAhityakAra dUsaroM kI bhAvanAoM ko kisI prakAra kI Tena nahIM pahuMcAnA cAhate the| yahI kAraNa hai ki vAsudeva ke zatruoM ko bhI prativAsudeva kA ucca pada diyA gayA hai| nAga, yakSa prAdi ko bhI anArya na mAna kara tIrtha karoM kA rakSaka mAnA hai aura unheM devAlayoM meM sthAna diyA hai| kathA

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11 prabandhoM meM jo vibhinna chanda aura rAga-rAginiyAM prayakta huI haiM unakI tarje vaiSNava sAhitya ke sAmaMjasya ko bhUcita karatI haiN| kaI jainetara saMskRta aura DiMgala graMthoM kI lokabhASAoM meM TIkAyeM likha kara bhI jaina vidvAnoM ne isa sAMskRtika vinimaya ko protsAhana diyA hai| jaina dharma apanI samanvaya bhAvanA ke kAraNa hI saguNa aura nirgaNa donoM prakAra kI bhakti paddhati kA Adara kara skaa| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke samaya ina donoM bhakti dhArAoM meM jo samanvaya dikhAI par3atA hai usake bIja jaina bhaktikAla meM prArambha se milate haiN| jaina darzana meM nirAkAra prAtmA aura vItarAga sAkAra bhagavAna ke svarUpa meM ekatA ke darzana hote haiN| paMcaparameSThI mahAmantra meM maguNa aura nirguNa bhakti kA sundara sAmaMjasya hai| arhanta makala paramAtmA haiM, ke sazarIra haiM jabaki giddha nirAkAra haiN| eka hI maMgalAcaraNa meM isa prakAra kA samabhAva anyatra durlabha hai| jaina dharma kA loka saMgrAhaka rUpa : dharma kA prAvibhava jaba kabhI yA viSamatA meM samatA, avyavasthA meM vyavasthA aura apUrNatA meM sampUrNatA sthApita karane ke liye hI hyaa| ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki isake mala meM vaiyaktika abhikrama avazya rahA para usakA lakSya samaSTimUlaka hita hI rahA hai, usakA cintana lokahita kI bhamikA para hI agrapara hayA hai| para sAmAnyata: jaba kabhI jaina dharma yA zramaNa dharma ke loka-saMgrAhaka rUpa kI carcA calatI hai taba loga cappI sAdha lete haiN| isakA kAraNa merI samajha meM yaha rahA hai ki jaina darzana meM vaiyaktika mokSa para bala diyA gayA hai| para jaba hama jaina darzana kA sampUrNa saMdoM meM adhyayana karate haiM to usake loka-saMgrAhaka rUpa kA mUla upAdAna prApta ho jAtA hai| loka-saMgrAhaka rUpa kA sabase bar3A pramANa hai loka-nAyakoM ke jIvana-krama kI pavitratA, unake kArya-vyApAroM kI paridhi aura jIvana-lakSya kI vyaapktaa| jaina dharma ke prAcIna granthoM meM aise kaI ullekha Ate haiM ki rAjA zrAvaka dharma aMgIkAra kara, apanI sImAyoM meM rahate hae, lokakalyANakArI pravRttiyoM kA saMcAlana evaM prasAraNa karatA hai| para kAla-pravAha ke sAtha usakA cintana bar3hatA calatA hai aura vaha deza virati zrAvaka se sarvavirati zramaNa bana jAtA hai| sAMsArika mAyA-moha, garivArika prapaMca, deha-yAsakti Adi se virata hokara vaha saccA sAdha, tapasvI aura loka-sevaka bana jAtA hai| isa rUpa yA sthiti ko apanAte hI usakI daSTi atyanta vyApaka aura usakA hRdaya atyanta udAra bana jAtA hai| loka-kalyANa meM vyavadhAna paidA karane vAle sAre tattva aba pIche chUTa jAte haiM aura vaha jisa sAdhanA para bar3hatA hai usameM na kisI ke prati rAga hotA hai na dveSa / vaha sacce arthoM meM zramaNa hai| zramaNa ke liye zamana, samaNa Adi zabdoM kA bhI prayoga hotA hai| unake mUla meM bhI loka-saMgrAhaka vRtti kAma karatI rahI hai| loka-saMgrAhata vRtti kA dhAraka mAmAnya puruSa ho hI nahIM sktaa| use apanI sAdhanA se viziSTa guNoM ko prApta karanA par3atA hai, kodhAdi kaSAyoM kA zamana karanA par3atA hai, pAMva iMdriyoM aura mana ko vazavartI banAnA par3atA hai, zatru-mitra tathA svajana-parijana kI bheda bhAvanA ko dUra haTAkara saba meM samatAbhAva niyojita karanA par3atA hai,samasta prANiyoM ke prati samabhAva kI dhAraNA karanI par3atI hai| tabhI usameM sacce zramaNa-bhAva kA rUpa ubharane lagatA hai| vaha viziSTa mAdhanA ke kAraNa tIrthakara taka bana jAtA hai| ye tIrtha kara to lokopadezaka hI hote haiN|

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12 isa mahAn sAdhanA ko jo sAdha letA hai vaha zramaNa bAraha upamAnoM se upamita kiyA gayA hai:-- uraga-giri-jalaNa-sAgara Nahatala-tarugaNa-samo ya jo hoI / bhamara-miya-dharaNi-jalaruha ravi-pavaNa samo ya so samaNo / / arthAt jo sarpa, parvata, agni, sAgara, AkAza, vRkSapavita, bhramara, mRga, pRthvI, kamala, sUrya, aura pavana ke samAna hotA hai, vaha zramaNa kahalAtA hai| ye saba upamAyeM sAmiprAya dI gaI haiN| sarpa kI bhAMti ye sAdhu bhI apanA koI ghara (bila) nahIM bnaate| parvata kI bhAMti ye parISahoM aura upasargoM kI prAMdhI se dolAyamAna nahIM hote| agni kI bhAMti jJAna rUpI Indhana se ye tapta nahIM hote| samudra kI bhAMti athAha jJAna ko prApta kara bhI ye tIrthaMkara kI maryAdA kA atikramaNa nahIM karate / aAkAza kI bhAMti ye svAzrayIsvAlambI hote haiM, kisI ke avalambana para nahIM ttikte| vRkSa kI bhAMti samabhAva pUrvaka duHkhasukha ko sahana karate haiN| bhramara kI bhAMti kisI ko binA pIDA pahaMcAye zarIra-rakSaNa ke liye AhAra grahaNa karate haiN| mRga kI bhAMti pApakArI pravRttiyoM ke siMha se dUra rahate haiN| pRthvI kI bhAMti, zIta, tApa, chedana, bhedana aAdi kaSToM ko samabhAva pUrvaka sahana karate haiM / kamala kI bhAMti vAsanA ke kIcar3a aura vaibhava ke jala se alipta rahate haiN| sUrya kI bhAMti svasAdhanA evaM lokopadezanA ke dvArA ajJAnAndhakAra ko naSTa karate haiN| pavana kI bhAMti sarvatra apratibaddha rUpa se vicaraNa karate haiN| aise zramaNoM kA vaiyaktika svArtha ho hI kyA sakatA hai ? __ ye zramaNa pUrNa ahiMsaka hote haiN| SaTkAya / (pRthvIkAya, apakAya, teukAya, vAyukAya, vanaspatikAya aura vasakAya) jIvoM kI rakSA karate haiN| na kisI ko mArate haiM, na kisI ko mArane kI preraNA dete haiM aura na jo prANiyoM kA vadha karate haiM, na unakI anumodanA karate haiN| inakA yaha ahiMsA prema atyanta sUkSma aura gaMbhIra hotA hai| ye ahiMsA ke sAtha-sAtha satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ke bhI upAsaka hote haiN| kisI kI vastu binA pUche nahIM utthaate| kAminI aura kaMcana ke sarvathA tyAgI hote haiN| pAvazyakatA se bhI kama vastuoM kA sevana karate haiN| saMgraha karanA to inhoMne sIkhA hI nhiiN| ye manasA, vAcA, karmaNA kisI kA vadha nahIM krte| hathiyAra uThAkara kisI atyAcArI, anyAyI rAjA kA nAza nahIM karate, lekina isase unake loka saMgrahI rUpa meM koI kamI nahIM paatii| bhAvanA kI dRSTi se to usameM aura vaiziSTya AtA hai| ye zramaNa pApiyoM ko naSTa kara unako mauta ke ghATa nahIM utArate varana unheM Atmabodha aura upadeza dekara sahI mArga para lAte haiN| ye pApI ko mArane meM nahIM, use sudhArane meM vizvAsa karate haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki mahAvIra ne viSadRSTi sarpa caNDakauzika ko mArA nahIM varan apane prANoM ko khatare meM DAla kara, use usake aAtmasvarUpa se paricita kraayaa| basa phira kyA thA? vaha viSa se amata bana gayA / loka-kalyANa kI yaha prakriyA atyanta sUkSma aura gaharI hai| inakA loka-saMgrAhaka rUpa mAnava sampradAya taka hI sImita nahIM hai| ye mAnava ke tanika hita ke liye anya prANiyoM kA balidAna karanA vyartha hI nahIM dharma ke viruddha samajhate haiN| inakI yaha lokasaMgraha kI bhAvanA isaliye janatantra se Age bar3hakara prANatantra taka pahuMcI hai| yadi prayatanA se kisI jIva kA vadha ho jAtA hai yA pramAdavaza kisI ko kaSTa pahaMcatA hai to ye una

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13 saba pApoM se dUra haTane ke liye prAta:-sAyaM pratikramaNa (prAyazcita) karate haiN| ye naMge paira paidala calate haiN| gAMva-gAMva aura nagara-nagara meM vicaraNa kara naitika cetanA aura saSapta puruSArtha ko jAgata karate haiN| cAturmAsa ke alAvA kisI bhI sthAna para niyata-vAsa nahIM krte| apane pAsa kevala itanI vastuyeM rakhate haiM jinheM ye apane Apa uThAkara vicaraNa kara skeN| bhojana ke liye gRhasthoM ke yahAM se bhikSA' lAte haiN| bhikSA bhI jitanI AvazyakatA hotI hai utanI hii| dUsare samaya ke liye bhojana kA saMcaya ye nahIM krte| rAtri meM na pAnI pIte haiM na kucha khAte haiN| inakI dainika caryA bhI bar3I pavitra hotI hai| dina-rAta ye svAdhyAya, manana-cintana, lekhana aura pravacana Adi meM lage rahate haiN| sAmAnyataH ye pratidina saMsAra ke prANiyoM ko dharmabodha dekara kalyANa ke mArga para agrasara karate haiN| inakA samacA jIvana loka-kalyANa meM hI lagA rahatA hai| isa lokasevA ke liye ye kisI se kucha nahIM lete| zramaNa dharma kI yaha prAcAraniSTha dainandinacaryA isa bAta kA prabala pramANa hai ki ye zramaNa sacce arthoM meM loka-rakSaka aura lokasevI haiN| yadi ApatkAla meM apanI maryAdAnoM se tanika bhI idhara-udhara honA par3atA hai to usake liye bhI ye daNDa lete haiM, vrata-pratyAkhyAna karate haiN| itanA hI nahIM jaba kabhI apanI sAdhanA meM koI bAdhA AtI hai to usakI niva tti ke liye parISaha aura upasarga Adi kI sevanA karate haiN| maiM nahIM kaha sakatA, isase adhika AcaraNa kI pavitratA, jIvana kI nirmalatA aura lakSya kI sArvajanInatA aura kisa loka-saMgrAhaka kI hogI? sAmAnyataH yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jainadharma ne saMsAra ko duHkhamUlaka batAkara nirAzA kI bhAvanA phailAI hai, jIvana meM saMyama aura virAga kI adhikatA para bala dekara usakI ana rAga bhAvanA aura kalA prema ko Thita kiyA hai| para yaha kathana sAdhAra nahIM hai, bhrAMtimalaka hai| yaha ThIka hai ki jaina dharma ne saMsAra ko duHkhamUlaka mAnA, para kisaliye? akhaNDa Ananda kI prApti ke liye, zAzvata sukha kI upalabdhi ke liye| yadi jaina dharma saMsAra ko du:khapUrNa mAna kara hI ruka jAtA, sukha prApti kI khoja nahIM karatA, usake liye sAdhanA-mArga kI vyavasthA nahIM detA to hama use nirAzAvAdI kaha sakate the, para usameM to mAnava ko mahAtmA banAne kI AtmA ko paramAtmA banAne kI AsthA kA bIja chipA huA hai| devavAda ke nAma para apane ko asahya aura nirbala samajhI jAne vAlI janatA ko kisane prAtma-jAgati kA sandeza diyA? kisane usake hRdaya meM chipe huye puruSArtha ko jagAyA ? kisane use apane bhAgya kA vidhAtA banAyA ? jaina dharma kI yaha vicAradhArA yugoM bAda Aja bhI buddhijIviyoM kI dharohara bana rahI hai, saMskRti ko vaijJAnika dRSTi pradAna kara rahI hai| yaha kahanA bhI ki jaina dharma nirA nivRttimUlaka hai, ThIka nahIM hai| jIvana ke vidhAna pakSa ko bhI usane mahatva diyA hai| isa dharma ke upadezaka tIrthaMkara laukika-alaukika baibhava ke pratIka haiN| daihika dRSTi se ve ananta bala, ananta saundarya aura ananta parAkrama ke dhanI hote haiN| indrAdi milakara unake paMca kalyANaka mahotsavoM kA Ayojana karate haiN| upadeza dene kA unakA sthAna (samavasaraNa) kalAkRtiyoM se alaMkRta hotA hai| jaina dharma ne jo nivRttimUlaka bAteM kahIM haiM, ve kevala ucchRkhalatA aura asaMyama ko rokane ke liye hI haiN| jaina dharma kI kalAtmaka dena apane Apa meM mahatvapUrNa aura alaga se adhyayana kI apekSA rakhatI hai| vAstukalA ke kSetra meM vizAlakAya kalAtmaka mandira, meruparvata kI racanA, naMdIzvara dvIpa va samavasaraNa kI racanA, mAnastambha, caitya, stUpa Adi ullekhanIya haiN| mUrtikalA meM vibhinna tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| citrakalA meM bhitticitra, tADapatrIya citra, kASTa citra, lipicitra, vastra citra pAzcarya meM DAlane vAle haiN| isa prakAra nivRtti aura

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14 pravatti kA samanvaya kara jaina dharma ne saMskRti ko lacIlA banAyA hai| usakI kaThoratA ko kalA kI bAMha dI hai to usakI komalatA ko saMyama kI dRddh'taa| mAhitya-nirmANa ke preraka tattva: jaina sAhitya nirmANa laukika yaga aura sampadA prApti ke lie na kiyA jAkara yAtmazaddhi, mAmAjika jAgaraNa aura loka maMgala kI bhAvanA se prerita hokara diyA jAtA rahA hai| yoM to sAhitya nirmANa meM mantoM aura gRhasthoM donoM kA yoga rahA hai para sAhitya kA zadhikAMza bhAga mantoM dvArA hI nimita rahA hai| santoM kI yAtmAnubhUti aura loka samparkakA vyApaka anubhava isa sAhitya ko jIvanta, prANavAna aura lokabhogya banAye hue hai| taTastha vRtti aura udAra dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa jIvana ke nAnAvidha pakSoM ko sparza karane vAlA yaha sAhitya kevala bhAvanA ke stara para hI nirmita nahIM hayA hai, jJAna-cetanA ke stara para dharmetara viSayoM se sambaddha, yathA-gaNita, vaidya ka, jyotiSa, sthApatya para bhI vipUla parimANa meM sAhitya racA gayA hai| sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hotA hai| usameM yaga vizeSa kI ghaTanAyeM aura pravattiyAM prativimbita hotI haiN| jaina sAhitya bhI apane yuga ke ghaTanA-cakroM se prerita-prabhAvita rahA hai aura ki mantoM kA sambandha ucca-varga se lekara sAmAnya-varga taka barAbara banA rahatA hai, isa kAraNa yaha sAhitya kevala AbhijAtya varga kI manovRtti kA citerA bana kara nahIM raha gayA hai, isameM sAmAnya jana kI AzA-yAkAMkSA aura loka-jIvana kI citta-vRtiyAM yathArtha-rUpa meM citrita pratidina pravacana denA jaina santoM kA makhya kartavya-karma hai| pravacana rocaka aura sarasa hone ke sAtha-sAtha zrotAoM meM grautsukya vRtti janAye rakha, tathA gar3ha dArzanika-tAtvika siddhAnta sahaja hRdayaMgama ho jAyeM, isa bhAvanA se jaina santaprAyaH kathA-kAvya yA carita-kAvya kI saSTi barAbara karate rahe haiN| apane ziSyoM aura dhAvakoM meM niyamita rUpa se adhyayana aura svAdhyAya kA krama calatA rahe, isa bhAvanA se prerita hokara bhI samaya-samaya para naye granthoM kI racanAyeM hotI rahI hai tathA prAcIna zAstrIya granthoM para TIkAyeM, vyAkhyAyeM aura vacanikAyeM likhI jAtI rahI hai| vibhinna parva tithiyoM, dhArmika utsavoM, jayanniyoM aura vizeSa samArohoM para bhI sAmayika sAhitya racA jAtA rahA hai| zraddheya mahApuruSoM, prabhAvazAlI mani-prAcAyoM aura viziSTa zrAvakoM tathA preraNAdAyI caritoM para bhI itihAsa kI saMvedanA ke dharAtala se jIvanI paraka sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAcIna gaurava-gAna, pArAdhya ke prati bhakti-bhAva, siddhAnta-nirUpaNa, vyAvahArika jJAna, caritra-gaThana, samAja-sudhAra, rASTrIya-jAgaraNa, lokamaMgala aura vizvajanIna bhAvoM kI spharaNA paidA karane kI bhAvanA jaina sAhitya nirmANa meM mala preraNA aura kAraka rahI hai| sAhitya-rakSaNa ke prayatna : jaina sAhitya ke mUla grantha Agama haiM jo dvAdazAMgI' kahe jAte haiN| jaina mAnyatAnusAra tIrthakara apanI dezanA meM jo abhivyakta karate haiM, unake pramukha ziSya gaNadhara zAsana ke hitArtha apanI zailI meM unheM sUtrabaddha karate haiN| ve hI bAraha aMga pratyeka tIrthakara ke zAsana-kAla meM 'dvAdazAMgI' sUtra ke rUpa meM pracalita evaM mAnya hote hai| 'dvAdazAMgI' kA 'gaNipiTaka' ke nAma me bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa mAnyatA ke anusAra vartamAna avasarpiNI kAla ke antima caubIsaveM tIrtha kara bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA cavidha tIrtha kI sthApanA ke dina jo prathama upadeza indrabhUti Adi

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15 gyAraha gaNadharoM ko diyA gayA, vaha "dvAdazAMgI" ke rUpa meM sutrabaddha kiyA gyaa| bArahaveM aMga dRSTivAda kA to Aja se bahuta samaya pahale viccheda ho gyaa| grAja jo ekAdazAMgI upalabdha hai vaha Arya sudharmA kI bAcanA kA hI pariNAma hai| samaya-samaya para dIrghakAla ke dubhikSa Adi devI-prakopa ke kAraNa zramaNa varga ekAdazAMgI ke pAThoM kA smaraNa, cintana ,manana Adi nahIM kara sakA, pariNAma svarUpa sUtroM ke aneka pAThavismata hone lge| ata: aMga zAstroM kI rakSA hetu vIra nirvANa saMvat 160 meM sthUlabhadra ke tatvAvadhAna meM pATaliputra meM prathama Agama vaacnaahii| phalasvarUpa vismRta pAThoM ko yathAtathyarUpeNa saMkalita kara vinaSTa hone se bacA liyA gayA / vIra nirvANa saMvata 830 se 840 ke bIca viSama sthiti hone se phira pAgama-viccheda kI sthiti utpanna ho gaI prataH skandilAcArya ke tatvAvadhAna meM mathurA meM uttara bhArata ke zramaNoM kI dusarI vAcanA haI, jisameM jisa-jisa sthavira ko jo-jo zruta pATasmaraNa thA, use suna-sunakara prAgamo ke pATha ko sunizcita kiyA gyaa| mathurA meM hone ke kAraNa yaha vAcanA mAtharI vAcanA ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| ThIka isI samaya nAgArjana sarasoyanAgArjana ne dakSiNApatha ke zramaNoM ko ekatra kara vallabhI meM vAcanA kii| isake 150 varSa bAda vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 meM devaddhi kSamA zramaNa ke tatvAvadhAna ma vallabhI meM tIsarI vAcanAhaI jisameM zAstra lipibaddha kiye gye| kahA jAtA hai ki samaya kI viSamatA. mAnasika durvalatA auradhA kI mandatA zrAdi kAraNoM se jaba sUtrArtha kA grahaNa evaM parAvartana kama ho gayA, to devaddhi ne zAstroM ko lipibaddha karane kA nirNaya kiyaa| isake pUrva sAmAnyataH zAstra zruti paramparA se hI surakSita the| devaddhi kSamAzramaNa ke pratyanoM se hI zAstra pahalI bAra vyavasthita rUpa meM lipibaddha kiye gye| digambara paramparA kI mAnyatA ke anasAra vIra nirvANa saMvata 683 meM hI sampUrNa dvAdazAMgI bilupta ho gii| jaina dharma meM svAdhyAya ko prAbhyantara tapa kA aMga mAnA gayA hai| svAdhyAya ke lie granthoM kA honA Avazyaka hai| ata: naye-naye granthoM kI racanA ke sAtha-sAtha unakI surakSA karanA bhI dharma kA mahattvapUrNa aMga bana gyaa| mudraNa ke AviSkAra se pUrva grantha pAMDulipiyoM ke rUpa meM hI surakSita rahate the| unakI surakSA ke lie santoM kI preraNA se vibhinna sthAnoM para jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita kiye jAte rhe| Aja jo kucha prAcIna aura madhyayugIna sAhitya upalabdha hai, vaha inhIM jJAna bhaNDAroM kI dena hai| mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI eka se adhika pratilipiyAM karAyI jAtI thiiN| granthoM kA yaha pratilipikaraNa kArya zruta-sevA kA aMga bana gayA thaa| vizeSa dhArmika avasaroM para yathA zruta-paMcamI, jJAna-paMcamI para mahatvapUrNa granthoM kI pratilipiyAM pUrNa kara AcAryoM aura jJAna bhaNDAroM ko samarpita kI jAtI thii| pratilipikaraNa kA yaha kArya santoM aura satiyoM dvArA bhI sampanna hotA rahA / sAhitya-rakSaNa meM jaina samAja kI bar3I udAra dRSTi rahI hai| gaNagrAhaka hone se jahAM bhI jIvana-unnAyaka sAmagrI milatI, jaina paMta unheM likha lete| isa prakAra eka hI guTake meM vibhinna lekhakoM aura vividha viSayoM kI jJAna vardhaka, prAtmotkarSaka, jIvanopayogI sAmagrI saMcita ho jaatii| aise aneka gaTake Aja bhI vibhinna jAna bhaNDAroM meM saMgahIta haiN| jaina santa apane pravacanoMga "AmAnyata: naitika zikSaNa ke mAdhyama se, sahI DhaMga se jIne kI kalA sikhAte haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake pravacanoM meM jaina kathAoM ke sAtha-sAtha anya dhamo tatha loka-jIvana kI vividha kathAyeM, hAnta aura udAharaNa yathAprasaMga Ate rahate hai| ThIka yahI udAra bhAvanA granthoM ke saMrakSaNa aura pratilipikaraNa meM rahI hai| isakA sUkhada pariNAma yaha

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16 hA ki jaina jJAna bhaNDAroM meM dharma tathA dharmettara viSayoM ke bhI kaI mahatvapUrNa grantha bar3I saMkhyA meM surakSita milate haiN| rAjasthAna isa dRSTi se sarvAdhika mUlyavAna pradeza hai| hindI ke AdikAla kI adhikAMza sAmagrI yahAM ke jaina jJAna bhaNDAroM se hI prApta haI hai| jaina sAhitya kA mahattva : jaina sAhitya kA nirmANa yadyapi AdhyAtmika bhAvanA se prerita hokara kiyA gayA hai para vaha vartamAna sAmAjika jIvana se kaTA huA nahIM hai| jaina sAhitya ke nirmAtA jana sAmAnya ke adhika nikaTa hone ke kAraNa samasAmayika ghaTanAoM, dhAraNAoM aura vicAraNAoM ko yathArtha abhivyakti de pAye haiN| isa dRSTi se jaina sAhitya kA mahatva kevala vyakti ke naitika sambandhoM kI dRSTi se hI nahIM hai varana sAmAjika-sAMskRtika adhyayana kI dRSTi se bhI hai| Aja hameM apane deza kA jo itihAsa par3hane ko milatA hai vaha mukhyataH rAjA-mahArAjAoM aura samrAToM ke vaMzAnukrama kA itihAsa hai| usameM rAjanaitika ghaTanA-cakroM, yuddhoM aura maMdhiyoM kI pramukhatA hai| usake samAnAntara calane vAle dhArmika aura sAmAjika AndolanoM ko vizeSa mahatva nahIM diyA gayA hai aura usase sambaddha srotoM kA itihAsa lekhana meM sAvadhAnIpUrvaka bahuta kama upayoga kiyA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya isa daSTi se atyanta mulyavAna hai| jaina santa grAmAnugrAma pAdavihArI hone ke kAraNa kSetra-vizeSa meM ghaTita hone vAlI choTI sI choTI ghaTanA ko bhI satya rUpa meM likhane ke abhyAsI rahe haiN| samAja ke vibhinna vargoM se nikaTatA kA samparka hone ke kAraNa ve tatkAlIna jana-jIvana kI cintAdhArA ko sahI pariprekSya meM samajhane aura pakar3ane meM saphala rahe haiN| isa prakriyA se gujarane ke kAraNa unake sAhitya meM deza ke sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika itihAsa-lekhana kI pracura sAmagrI bikharI par3I hai| itihAsa-lekhana meM jisa taTastha vRtti, vyApaka jIvanAnubhati aura prAmANikatA kI apekSA hotI hai, vaha jaina santoM meM sahaja rUpa se prApya hai| ve sacce arthoM meM loka-pratinidhi haiN| na unheM kisI ke prati lagAva hai na durAva / nindA aura stuti se pare jIvana kI jo sahaja prakRti aura saMskRti hai, use abhivyaMjita karane meM hI ye lage rhe| inakA sAhitya eka aisA nirmala darpaNa hai jisameM hamAre vividha prAcAra-vyavahAra, siddhAnta-saMskAra, rIti-nIti, vANijya-vyavasAya, dharma-karma, zilpakalA, parva-utsava, taura-tarIke, niyama-kAnUna Adi yathArUpa pratibimbita haiM / jahAM tatkAlIna sAmAjika, sAMskRtika jIvana ko jAnane aura samajhane kA jaina sAhitya saccA beromITara hai, vahAM jIvana kI pavitratA, naitika-maryAdA aura udAtta jIvana-AdarzoM kA vyAkhyAtA hone ke kAraNa yaha sAhitya samAja ke lie saccA pathapraNetA aura dIpaka bhI hai| isakA adhyatA nirAzA meM prAzA kA sambala pAkara, andhakAra se prakAza kI ora caraNa bar3hAtA hai| kAla ko kalA meM, matya ko maMgala meM aura uSmA ko prakAza meM pariNata karane kI kSamatA haiisa sAhitya meM / jaina sAhitya kA bhASA zAstra ke vikAsAtmaka adhyayana kI daSTi se vizeSa mahattva hai| bhASA kI sahajatA aura loka bhUmi kI pakar3a ke kAraNa isa sAhitya meM janapadIya bhASAoM ke mUla rUpa surakSita haiN| inake AdhAra para bhAratIya bhASAoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa aura pArasparika sAMskRtika ekatA ke sUtra AsAnI se pakar3e jA sakate haiM / jaina sAhityakAra makhyata: prAtmadharmitA ke udagAtA hokara bhI prayogadharmI rahe haiN| apane prayoga meM krAntivAhI hokara bhI ve apanI miTTI aura jalavAyu se jur3e hue haiN| ataH unake sAhitya

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17 meM bhAratIya adhyAtma-dhArA kI pravahamAnatA dekhI jA sakatI hai| isa dRSTi se bhAratIya sAhitya kI vibhinna pravRttiyoM aura dhArAmroM ko isase puSTatA aura gati milI hai| vibhinna bhASAoM ke sAhitya itihAsoM ko bhI jaina sAhitya ke kathya aura zilpa ne kAphI dUra taka prabhAvita kiyA hai| hindI sAhitya kI AdhyAtmika cetanA ko Aja taka jAgRta aura kramabaddha rakhane meM jaina sAhitya kI dArzanika saMvedanA kI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai / jaina sAhitya kI vizeSatAeM : Upara hamane jainadarzana ke jina sAmAjika cetanA, sAMskRtika samanvaya aura loka-saMgrAhaka rUpa ke tattvoM kI carcA kI hai, ve hI prakArAntara se jaina sAhitya kI vaicArika pRSThabhUmi taiyAra karate haiM ataH yahAM jaina sAhitya kI vicAra bhUmi para vicAra na karate hue usakI pramukha vizeSatAoM kA saMkSepa meM ullekha kiyA jAtA hai- jaina sAhitya vividha aura vizAla hai / sAmAnyataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jaina sAhitya meM nirveda bhAva ko hI aneka rUpoM aura prakAroM meM citrita kiyA gayA hai / yaha saca hai ki jaina sAhitya kA mUla svara zAnta rasAtmaka hai para jIvana ke anya pakSoM aura sArvajanIna viSayoM kI ora se usane kabhI mukha nahIM mor3A hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Apako jitanA vaividhya yahAM milegA, kadAcit anyatra nahIM / eka hI kavi ne zRMgAra kI picakArI bhI chor3I hai aura bhakti kA rAga bhI alApA hai / vIratA kA projapUrNa varNana bhI kiyA hai aura hRdaya ko vigalita kara dene vAlI karuNA kI barasAta bhI kI hai / sAhitya ke racanAtmaka pakSa se prArge bar3hakara usane usake bodhAtmaka pakSa ko bhI sampanna banAyA hai / vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, vaidyaka, mantra-tantra, itihAsa, bhUgola, darzana, rAjanIti zrAdi vAGgamaya ke vividha aMga usakI pratibhA kA sparza pA kara camaka uThe haiM / viSaya kI dRSTi se sampUrNa jaina sAhitya do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) gama sAhitya aura ( 2 ) zrAgametara sAhitya / zrAgama sAhitya ke do prakAra haiM-artha zrAgama aura sUtra zrAgama / tIrthaMkara bhagavAn dvArA upadiSTa vANI arthAgama hai| tIrthaMkaroM ke pravacana ke AdhAra para gaNadharoM dvArA racita sAhitya sUtrAgama hai / ye zrAgama AcAryoM ke liye prakSaya jJAnabhaNDAra hone se gaNipiTaka tathA saMkhyA meM bAraha hone se 'dvAdazAMgI' nAma se bhI abhihita kiye gaye haiM / preraNA kI apekSA se ye aMga-praviSTa kahalAte haiN| dvAdazAMgI ke atirikta jo anya upAMga cheda, mUla naura mAvazyaka haiM, ve pUrvadhara sthaviroM dvArA race gaye haiM aura anaMga praviSTa kahalAte haiM / zrAgametara sAhitya ke racayitA jaina zrAcArya, vidvAn, santa Adi haiM / isameM gadya aura padya ke mAdhyama se jIvanopayogI sabhI viSayoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha vaividhyapUrNa jaina sAhitya atyanta vizAla hai / hindI sAhitya ke zrAdikAla kA adhikAMza bhAga to isI se sampanna banA hai / sAhitya nirmANa kI yaha prakriyA Aja taka prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, rAjasthAnI zrAdi bhASAoM meM anavarata rUpa se jArI hai / jaina sAhitya kI yaha vividhatA viSaya taka hI sImita na rhii| usane rUpa aura zailI meM bhI apanA kauzala prakaTa kiyA / kAvya rUpoM ke sambandha meM jaina kaviyoM kI dRSTi bar3I udAra rahI hai| unhoMne pracalita zAstrIya rUpoM ko svIkAra karate hue bhI lokabhASA ke kAvyarUpoM meM vyApakatA zraura sahajatA kA raMga bharA /

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18 jaina dharma janma se hI rUr3hibaddhatA ke khilApha lar3atA rhaa| use na vicAra meM rUr3ha paramparAyeM mAnya ho sakIM aura na AcAra meN| sAhitya aura kalA ke kSetra meM bhI jo baMdhI-baMdhAyI paripATI cala rahI thI, vaha usake pratirodha ke Age na Tika skii| usane usake zAstrIya bandhana kATa diye / isI kA eka pariNAma yaha huA ki jana tIrthaMkaroM ne apanI dezanA tatkAlIna jana bhASA prAkRta meM dI aura jaba prAkRta bhI zAstrIyatA ke kaTaghare meM kaida ho gayI to jaina AcAryo ne zrapabhraMza meM apanI racanAyeM likhIM / Aja vibhinna prAdezika bhASAtroM ke jo mUla rUpa surakSita raha sakeM haiM, unake mUla meM jaina sAhityakAroM kI yaha dRSTi hI mukhya rahI ki ve hamezA janapadIya bhASAoM ko apanI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAte rahe / bhASA ke kSetra meM hI nahIM, chanda aura saMgIta ke kSetra meM bhI yaha sahajatA dekhane ko milatI hai / zAstrIya chandoM ke atirikta jaina kaviyoM ne lokaruci ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kaI naye chanda nirmita kiye aura unameM apanI racanAeM likhiiN| inake ye chanda pradhAnataH geya rahe haiN| saMgIta ko zAstrIyatA karane ke lie ina kaviyoM ne vibhinna loka- deziyoM ko apanAyA / prayukta DhAloM meM jo ta haiM, ve eka prakara kI loka-deziyAM hai| inake prayoga se bhArata kA purAtana loka saMgIta surakSita raha sakA / mukta jaina kaviyoM ne kAvya rUpoM kI paramparA ko saMkIrNa paridhi se bAhara nikAla kara vyApakatA kA mukta kSetra pradAna kiyaa| prAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita prabandha-muktaka kI calatI AI paramparA ina kaviyoM ne vibhinna rUpoM meM vikasita kara, kAvyazAstrIya jagata meM eka krAnti sI macA dI / dUsare zabdoM meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ina kaviyoM ne prabandha aura muktaka ke bIca kAvya rUpoM ke kaI naye stara nirmita kiye / jaina kaviyoM ne navIna kAvya rUpoM ke nirmANa ke sAtha-sAtha pracalita kAvya rUpoM ko nayI bhAvabhUmi aura maulika prarthavattA bhI dii| ina saba meM unakI vyApaka udAra dRSTi hI kAma karatI rahI hai / udAharaNa ke lie, veli, bArahamAsA, vivAhalo, rAso, caupAI, sandhi Adi kAvyarUpoM ke svarUpa kA adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai| 'veli' saMjJaka kAvya DiMgala zailI meM sAmAnyataH veliyo chanda meM hI likhA gayA hai, para jaina kaviyoM ne veli kAvya ko chanda vizeSa kI isa sImA se bAhara nikAla kara vastu aura zilpa donoM dRSTi se vyApakatA pradAna kI / 'bArahamAsA' kAvya RtukAvya rahA hai, jisameM nAyikA eka 2 mAha ke krama se apanA viraha, prakRti ke vibhinna upAdAnoM ke mAdhyama vyakta karatI hai| jaina kaviyoM ne 'bArahamAsA' kI isa viraha-nivedana praNAlI ko AdhyAtmika rUpa dekara ise zRMgAra kSetra se bAhara nikAla kara, bhakti aura vairAgya ke kSetra taka Age bar3hAyA / 'vivAhalo' saMjJaka kAvya meM sAmAnyataH nAyaka-nAyikA ke vivAha kA varNana rahatA hai jise 'vyAhalo' bhI kahA jAtA hai / jaina kaviyoM ne isa 'vivAhalo' saMjJaka kAvya ko bhI AdhyAtmika rUpa diyA hai / isameM nAyaka kA kisI strI se pariNaya na dikhAkara saMyamazrI zrIra dIkSAkumArI jaisI mU bhAvanAoM ko pariNaya ke bandhana meM bAMdhA gayA hai| 'rAso' 'sandhi' aura 'caupAI' jaise kAvya rUpoM ko bhI isa prakAra kA bhAva-bodha diyA / 'rAso' yahAM kevala yuddhaparaka vIra kAvya kA vyaMjaka na rahakara premaparaka geya kAvya kA pratIka bana gayA / 'sandhi' zabda apabhraMza mahAkAvya ke sarga kA vAcaka na rahakara viziSTa kAvya-vidhA kA hI pratIka bana gyaa| 'caupAI' saMjJaka kAvya caupAI chanda meM hI baMdhA na rahakara vaha jIvana kI vyApaka citraNa kSamatA kA pratIka bana kara chanda kI rUDha kArA se mukta ho gayA / uparyukta udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki jaina kaviyoM ne eka ora kAvyarUpoM kI paramparA ke dharAtala ko vyApakatA dI to dUsarI ora unako bahiraMga se aMtaraMga kI ora tathA sthUla se sUkSma kI ora khiiNcaa|

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19 yahAM yaha bhI smaraNIya hai ki jaina kaviyoM ne kevala padya ke kSetra meM hI navIna kAvyarUpa khar3e nahIM kiye varan gadya-kSetra meM bhI kaI navIna kAvya-rUpoM kI sRSTi kii| yaha sRSTi isalie maura bhI mahattvapUrNa hai kyoMki usake dvArA hindI gadya kA prAcIna itihAsa prakaTa hotA hai| hindI ke prAcIna aitihAsika aura kalAtmaka gadya ke vikAsa meM ina kAvya-rUpoM kI dena bar3I mahattvapUrNa hai| jaina kavi sAmAnyataH santa rahe haiN| vyAkhyAna aura pravacana denA unake dainika prAcAra kA pramakha aMga hai| darzana jaise jaTila aura gaDha viSayoM ko samajhAne ke lie ve kavi santa se sAhityakAra bne| dharma pracAra kI dRSTi se inhoMne apanI bAta ko lokamAnasa taka pahuMcAne ke lie kAvya aura saMgIta kA sahArA liyA tathA apanI paramparA ko surakSita rakhane va zAratra-vivecanA ke lie pramakhataH aitihAsika aura TIkA granthoM kA sahArA liyaa| eka kA mukhyataH mAdhyama banA padya aura dUsare kA gadya / phalataH donoM kSetroM meM kaI kAvya-rUpoM kA sajana aura vikAsa hyaa| padya ke sau se adhika kAvyarUpa dekhane ko milate haiN| sUvidhA kI daSTi se inake cAra varga kiye jA sakate haiM -caritra kAvya, utsava kAvya, nItikAvya, aura stuti kaavy| carita. kAvya meM sAmAnyataH kisI dhArmika puruSa, tIrthaMkara Adi kI kathA kahI gaI hai| ye kAvya, rAsa, caupAI, DhAla, pavAr3A, saMdhi , carcarI, prabandha, carita, sambandha, AkhyAnaka, kathA Adi rUpoM meM likhe gaye haiN| utsava kAvya vibhinna parvo aura Rtu vizeSa ke badalate hue vAtAvaraNa ke ullAsa aura vinoda ko citrita karate haiN| phAgu, dhamAla, bArahamAsA, vivAhalo, dhavala, maMgala Adi kAvyarUpa isI prakAra ke haiN| inameM sAmAnyataH laukika rIti-nIti ko mAdhyama banAkara unake lokottara rUpa ko dhvanita kiyA gayA hai| nIti-kAvya jIvanopayogI upadezoM se sambandhita hai| inameM sadAcAra-pAlana, kaSAya-tyAga, vyasana-tyAga, brahmacarya, vrata, paccakkhANa, bhAvanA, jJAna, darzana, cAritra, tapa, dAna, dayA, saMyama Adi kA mAhAtmya tathA prabhAva varNita hai| saMvAda, kakkA, mAtakA, bAvanI. chattIsI, kulaka, hIyAlI Adi kAvyarUpa isI prakAra ke haiN| stutikAvya mahApuruSoM aura tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti se sambandhita haiN| stuti, stavana, stotra, sajjhAya, vinati, namaskAra, caubIsI, bIsI Adi kAvyarUpa stavanAtmaka hI haiN| gadya sAhitya ke bhI sthUla rUpa se do bhAga kiye jA sakate haiN| maulika gadya-sRjana aura TIkA, anuvAda prAdi / maulika gadya sRjana dhArmika, aitihAsika, kalAtmaka Adi vividha rUpoM meM milatA hai| dhArmika gadya meM sAmAnyataH kathAtmaka aura tAtvika gadya ke hI darzana hote haiN| aitihAsika gadya gurvAvalI, paTTAvalI, vaMzAvalI, utpattigrantha, daphtara bahI, TippaNa Adi rUpoM meM likhA gyaa| ina rUpoM meM itihAsa-dharma kI pUrI-pUrI rakSA karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| prAcAryo Adi kI prazasti yahAM avazya hai para vaha aitihAsika tathyoM kI avahelanA nahIM krtii| kalAtmaka gadya vacanikA, davAvaita, vAta, silokA, varNaka, saMsmaraNa Adi rUpoM meM likhA gayA / anuprAsAtmaka jhaMkAramayI zailI aura antatakAtmakatA isa gadya kI apanI vizeSatA hai| prAgamoM meM nihita darzana aura tatva ko janopayogI banAne kI dRSTi se prArambha meM niyuktiyAM aura bhASya likhe gye| para ye padya meM the| bAda meM calakara inhIM para cUrNiyAM likhI giiN| ye gadya meM thiiN| niyukti, bhASya aura caNi sAhitya prAkRta athavA prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita meM hI milatA hai| Age calakara TIkAyaga AtA hai| ye TIkAeM AgamoM para hI nahIM likhI gaIM varan niyuktiyoM aura bhASyoM para bhI likhI gii| ye TIkAeM prArambha meM saMskRta meM aura bAda meM loka-kalyANa kI bhAvanA se sAmAnyata: purAnI hindI meM likhI milatI haiN| inake do rUpa vizeSa pracalita hai| TabbA aura bAlAvabodha / TabbA saMkSipta rUpa hai jisameM zabdoM ke artha Upara, nIce yA pArzva meM likha diye jAte haiM para bAlAvabodha meM vyAkhyAtmaka samIkSA ke darzana hote haiN| yahAM nihita siddhAnta ko kathA aura dRSTAnta de-dekara isa prakAra samajhAyA jAtA hai ki bAlaka jaisA manda buddhi vAlA bhI usake sAra ko grahaNa kara ske| padya aura gadya ke ye vibhinna sAhitya rUpa jaina sAhitya kI viziSTa dena haiN|

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20 jaina sAhityakAra sAmAnyataH sAdhaka aura santa rahe haiN| sAhitya unake lie vizuddha kalA kI vastu kabhI nahIM rahA, vaha dhArmika AcAra kI pavitratA aura sAdhanA kA eka aMga bana kara AyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki abhivyakti meM saralatA, subodhatA aura sahajatA kA sadA Agraha rahA hai| jaba apabhraMza se hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAeM vikasita huI to jaina sAhityakAra apanI bAta ina janapadIya bhASAoM meM sahaja bhAva se kahane lge| yaha bhASAgata udAratA unakI pratibhA para AvaraNa nahIM DAlatI varana bhASAoM ke aitihAsika vikAsakrama ko surakSita rakhe hue hai| jaina sAhityakAra sAhitya ko kalAbAjI nahIM smjhte| ve use akRtrima rUpa se hRdaya ko prabhAvita karane vAlI prAnandamayI kalA ke rUpa meM dekhate haiN| jahAM unhoMne loka bhASA kA prayoga kiyA vahAM bhASA ko sazakta banAne vAle adhikAMza upakaraNa bhI loka-jIvana se hI cane haiN| chandoM meM to itanA vaividhya hai ki sabhI dharmoM, paramparAoM aura rIti-rivAjoM se ve sIdhe khIMce cale A rahe haiN| DhAloM ke rUpa meM, jo deziyAM apanAI gaI haiM, ve isakI pratIka haiN| para isase yaha na samajhA jAye ki unakA kAvya-zAstrIya jJAna apUrNa thA yA bilkula hI nahIM thaa| aise kavi bhI jana-jagat meM kaI ho gaye haiM jo zAstrIya paramparA meM sarvocca Thaharate haiM, AlaMkArika camatkAritA, zabdakrIr3A aura chandazAstrIya maryAdA-pAlana meM jo hor3a lete pratItahote haiM, para yaha pravRtti jaina-sAhitya kI sAmAnya pravRtti nahIM hai| jaina sAhitya meM jo nAyaka Aye haiM, unake do rUpa haiM-mUrta aura amuurt| mUrta nAyaka mAnava haiM, amUrta nAyaka manovRtti vizeSa / mUrta nAyaka sAdhAraNa mAnava kama, asAdhAraNa mAnava adhika haiN| yaha asAdhAraNatA Aropita nahIM, arjita hai| apane puruSArtha, zakti aura sAdhanA ke bala para hI ye sAdhAraNa mAnava viziSTa zreNI meM pahuMca gaye haiN| ye pAtra sAmAnyataH saMskAravaza yA kisI nimitta kAraNa se virakta ho jAte haiM aura pravrajyA aMgIkAra kara lete haiN| dIkSita hone ke bAda pUrva janma ke karma udita hokara kabhI upasarga banakara, kabhI parISaha banakara sAmane Ate haiM para ye apanI sAdhanA se vicalita nahIM hote| parIkSA ke kaThora prAghAta inakI AtmA ko aura adhika majabUta tathA inakI sAdhanA ko aura adhika tejasvI banA dete haiN| pratinAyaka parAsta hote haiM, para anta taka duSTa banakara nahIM rhte| unake jIvana meM bhI parivartana pAtA hai aura ve nAyaka ke vyaktitva kI preraka kiraNa kA sparza pAkara sAdhanA patha para cala par3ate haiN| jaina sAhitya ke mUla meM AdarzavAditA hai| vaha saMgharSa meM nahIM maMgala meM vizvAsa karatA hai| yahAM nAyaka kA anta dukhada mRtyu meM nahIM hotaa| use kathA ke anta meM prAdhyAtmika vaibhava se sampanna anantabala, anantajJAna, anantasukha aura ananta saundarya kA dhAraka batAyA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya meM yoM to sabhI rasa yathAvasara abhivyaMjita hue haiM para aMgIrasa zAnta rasa hI hai| prAyaH pratyeka kathA-kAvya kA anta zAnta rasAtmaka hI hai| itanA saba kucha hote haye bhI jaina sAhitya meM zRMgAra rasa ke bar3e bhAvapUrNa sthala aura mArmika prasaMga bhI dekhane ko milate haiN| vizeSakara vipralaMbha zRMgAra ke jo citra haiM ve bar3e marmasparzI aura hRdaya ko gadgad karane vAle haiN| milana ke rAzi-rAzi citra vahAM dekhane ko milate haiM vahAM kavi 'saMyamazrI ke vivAha kI racanA karatA hai| yahAM jo zRMgAra hai vaha rItikAlIna kaviyoM ke bhAva sauMdarya se tulanA meM kisI prakAra kama nahIM hai, para usameM mana ko sulAne vAlI mAdakatA nahIM varan AtmA ko jAgRta karane vAlI manuhAra hai| zRMgAra kI yaha dhArA AvegamayI banakara, nAyaka ko zAnta rasa ke samudra kI gaharAI meM bahuta dUra taka paiThA detI hai|

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21 rAjasthAna kI dhArmika pRSThabhUmi : rAjasthAna vIra-bhUmi hone ke sAtha-sAtha dharma-bhUmi bhI hai| zakti aura bhakti kA sAmaMjasya isa pradeza kI mUla sAMskRtika vizeSatA hai| yahAM ke vIra bhaktibhAvanA se prerita hokara apanI adbhuta za kA paricaya dete haye prAtmotsarga kI ora bar3hate rahe, to yahAM ke bhakta apane puruSArtha, sAdhanA aura sAmarthya ke bala para dharma ko sateja karate rhe| rAjasthAna meM udAra mAnavavAda ke dharAtala para vaidika, vaiSNava, zaiva, zAkta , jaina, islAma, prAdi sabhI dharma apanI-apanI raMgata ke sAtha sauhArdapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM phalate-phUlate rhe| yahAM kI prAkRtika sthiti aura jalavAyu ne jIvana ke prati nispRhatA aura anurakti, kaThoratA aura komalatA, saMyamazIlatA aura sarasatA kA samAnAntara pATha pddh'aayaa| yaha jIvana-dRSTi yahAM ke dharma, sAhitya, saMgIta aura kalA meM spaSTa pratibimbita hai| prArambha se hI rAjasthAna ke jana-jIvana para dharma kA vyApaka prabhAva rahA hai| prAcInakAla se hI yahAM yajJa kI vaidika paramparA vidyamAna rahI hai| dUsarI zatAbdI IsA ke ghosuNDI zilAlekha meM azvamedha yajJa ke sampAdana kA ullekha milatA hai| paurANika dharma ke antargata viSNa, ziva, durgA, brahmA, gaNeza, sUrya prAdi devI-devatAoM kI ArAdhanA ke liye cittaur3a, osiyAM, puSkara, Ahar3a, bhInamAla Adi nagaroM meM samaya-samaya para aneka mandiroM kA nirmANa huaa| dhyAna dene kI bAta yaha hai ki yadyapi yahAM vibhinna devI-devatAoM kI upAsanA pracalita rahI tathApi dhArmika sahiSNutA kI bhAvanA ko isase koI Thesa nahIM phuNcii| dhArmika sahiSNutA kI yaha bhAvamA pratihAra kAla meM hindU devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM abhivyakta huI hai| bagherA tathA bedalA se prApta harihara kI mUrti, harSa se prApta tIna mukha vAle sUrya kI mUrti, jhAlAvAr3a se prApta sUryanArAyaNa kI mUrti, AmbAnerI se prApta arddhanArIzvara kI mUrti aura ajamera myUjiyama meM upalabdha viSNu tathA tripuruSa kI trimUrti dharma kI samanvayAtmaka pravRtti kI sundara pratIka hai| rAjasthAna meM prAcIna kAla se zaiva mata kA vyApaka prasAra rahA hai| pAzupata, kApAlika, lakulIza Adi aneka zaiva sampradAya rAjasthAna meM pracalita rahe haiN| rAjasthAna meM ziva kI upAsanA aneka nAmoM se kI jAtI rahI hai, yathA ekaliMga, samidhezvara, acalezvara, zambhU, bhavAnIpati, pinAkina, candracUDAmaNi aadi| mevAr3a ke mahArANAoM ne zrI ekaliMgajI ko hI rAjya kA svAmI mAnA aura svayaM unake dIvAna banakara rhe| nAtha sampradAya kA jodhapura kSetra meM vizeSa prabhAva aura sammAna rahA hai| rAjasthAna meM kaI sthaloM para unake akhAr3e haiN| rAjasthAna meM vaiSNava dharma kA prAcInatama ullekha dUsarI zatAbdI I. pUrva ke ghosuNDI abhilekha meM milatA hai| isa mata ke antargata kRSNalIlA se saMbaMdhita dRzya utkIrNa milate haiN| kRSNa lIlA meM kRSNa carita se saMbaMdhita kaI pAkhyAna takSaNa-kalA ke mAdhyama se bhI vyakta huye haiN| kRSNa bhakti ke sAtha rAma bhakti bhI rAjasthAna meM samAdRta huI hai| mevAr3a ke mahArANA to rAma se apanA vaMzakrama nirdhArita karate haiN| rAjasthAna meM zakti ke rUpa meM devI kI upAsanA kA bhI pracalana rahA hai| zakti kI aArAdhanA, zaurya, krodha aura karuNA kI bhAvanA se jur3I huI hai| ataeva zakti kI mAtRdevI, lakSmI, sarasvatI, mahiSAsuramardinI, durgA, pArvatI, ambikA, kAlI, saccikA Adi rUpa meM stuti kI gaI hai| rAjasthAna ke kaI rAjavaMza zakti ko kuladevI ke rUpa meM pUjate rahe haiN| bIkAnera ke rAja parivAra ne karaNI mAtA ko, jodhapura rAja parivAra ne nAgaNecINIko, sIsodiyA nareza ne bANamAtA ko aura kachavAhoM ne annapUrNA ko kUladevI svIkRta kiyA hai|

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22 rAjasthAna islAma dharma ke prabhAva se bhI achUtA nahIM rhaa| yahAM 12vIM zatI se isakA vizeSa prasAra hyaa| ajamera isakA makhya kendra banA aura yahIM se jAlaura, nAgaura, mAMDala, cittaur3a Adi sthAnoM meM yaha phailaa| rAjasthAna meM isake pracAraka saMtoM meM muinuddIna ciztI pramukha the| sampUrNa bhArata meM madhyayuga meM dharmasudhAra Andolana kI jo lahara phailI, usase rAjasthAna bhI prabhAvita huA aura rUr3hivAda, bAhya ADambara tathA jar3a pUjA ke khilApha krAMti cetanA mukharita ho utthii| isa naI dhArmika cetanA ne eka aora gogAjI, pAbajI, tejAjI jaise lokadevoM ko apane pratijJApAlana, AtmabalidAna tathA sadAcAraniSTha sAdagImaya jIvana ke kAraNa sammAna pradAna kiyA to dUsarI ora jAmbhojI, jasanAthajI, dAdUjI jaise viziSTa saMta puruSoM ko prakaTa kiyA jinhoMne dharma ko bAdyAcAra se prAtmazaddhi aura Antarika pavitratA kI ora modd'aa| ina saMtoM ne prAtma-sAdhanA aura prAtma-kalyANa ke siddhAMtoM kI vyAkhyA bola-cAla kI bhASA meM kii| rAjasthAna meM panapane vAle aise makhya jainetara saMta sampradAyoM kI tAlikA isa prakAra hai:-- nAma pravartaka samaya pradhAna sthala vikrama saMvat 1. viznoI sampradAya jAMbhojI 1508-93 mukAma (bIkAnera) 2. jasanAthI sampradAya jasanAthajI 1539-63 katariyAsara (bIkAnera) 3. niraMjanI sampradAya haridAsajI 1512-95 DIDavAnA (nAgaura) 4. lAla paMtha lAladAsajI 1597-1705 nagalA (alavara) 5. dAdU paMtha yA brahma dAdU 1601-6) narANA (jayapura) sampradAya 6. rAmasnehI: dariyAvajI 1733-1815 raiNa (nAgaura) raNazAkhA 7. rAmasnehI : harirAmadAsajI __1754-1835 sIthala (bIkAnera) sIthala zAkhA 8. rAmasnehI : rAmadAsajI 1783-1855 kher3ApA (jodhapura) khaMDApA zAkhA 9. rAmasnehI: rAmacaraNadAsajI __1776-1855 zAhapurA (bhIlavAr3A) zAhapurA zAkhA 10. caraNadAsajI sampradAya caraNadAsajI 1760-1839 DeharA (alavara) 11. jahari sampradAya tAraNadAsajI 1822-1932 ratanagar3ha 12. alakhiyA lAlagiri 1860-1925 bIkAnera sampradAya 13. gUdar3a paMtha saMtadAsajI -1822 dAMtar3A (mevAr3a) 14. bhAva paMtha bhAvajI 1771-1801 sAbamA (DUMgarapura) 15. AIpatha pAImAtA 1472-1561 bilAr3A (jodhapura) 16. navala paMtha navalanAthajI 1840-1965 jodhapura

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23 rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma : uparyukta dhArmika pRSThabhUmi ke samAnAntara hI prArambha se rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma prabhAvI rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM hI rAjasthAna ke kucha bhAgoM meM jaina dharma ke pracAra evaM prasAra kA jJAna paravartI jaina sAhitya se hotA hai| mahAvIra ke mAmA evaM licchavI gaNatantra ke pramukha ceTaka kI jyeSTha putrI prabhAvatI sindhu sauvIra ke zAsaka udAyana ko byAI gaI thI / udAyana jainamatAvalambI ho gayA thaa| 'bhagavatI sUtra' ke anusAra usane apane bhANeja kezI ko rAjya dekara antima samaya meM zramaNa dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| sAmAnyataH sauvIra pradeza ke antargata jaisalamera aura kaccha ke hisse bhI mAne jAte haiN| bhInamAla ke 1276 I. ke eka abhilekha se vidita hotA hai ki mahAvIra svAmI svayaM zrImAla nagara padhAre the / AbUror3a se 8 kilomITara pazcima meM mu'gasthala se prApta 1369 IsvI ke zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra svAmI svayaM arbuda bhUmi padhAre the, para ye vivaraNa bahuta bAda ke haiM, ataH inakI satyatA saMdigdha hai| rAjasthAna meM jainadharma ke prasAra kA sarvAdhika Thosa pramANa IsA se pUrva 5vIM zatAbdI kA bar3alI zilAlekha mAnA jAtA hai jisameM vIra nirvANa saMvat ke 84veM varSa kA tathA cittaur3a ke samIpa sthita mAjhamikA ( mAdhyamikA) kA ullekha hai / mAjhamikA jaina dharma kA prAcIna kendra rahI hai jahAM jaina zramaNa saMgha kI mAdhyamikA zAkhA kI sthApanA suhastI ke dvitIya ziSya priyagrantha kI thii| maurya yuga meM candragupta ne jaina dharma ke prasAra ke liye kaI prayatna kiye / azoka kepI rAjA samprati ne jaina dharma ke unnayana evaM vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yoga diyA / kahA jAtA hai ki usane rAjasthAna meM kaI jaina mandira banavAye aura vIra nirvANa saMvat 203 meM Arya suhastI ke dvArA ghANI meM padmaprabhu kI pratimA kI pratiSThA karAyI thI / vikrama kI dUsarI zatI meM bane mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se ati prAcIna stUpa aura jaina mandiroM ke dhvaMsAvazeSa mile haiM jinase jJAta hotA hai ki rAjasthAna meM usa samaya jaina dharma kA astitva thA / kezorAyapATana meM guptakAlIna eka jaina mandira ke avazeSa se, sirohI kSetra ke basantagar3ha meM prApta bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI khaDgAsana pratimA se jodhapura kSetra ke prosiyAM ke mahAvIra mandira ke zilAlekha se, koTA kI samIpavartI jaina guphAoM se, udayapura ke pAsa sthita Ayar3a ke pArzvanAtha mandira aura jaisalamera ke lodaravA sthita jinezvarasUri kI preraNA se nirmita pArzvanAtha ke mandira se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma kA pracAra hI nahIM thA, varan sabhI kSetroM meM usakA acchA prabhAva bhI thaa| ajamera kSetra meM bhI jaina dharma kA vyApaka prabhAva rhaa| pRthvIrAja cauhAna prathama ne bArahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM raNathambhaura ke jaina mandira para svarNa kalaza car3hAye the| yahAM ke rAjA arNorAja ke mana meM zrI jinadattasUri ke prati vizeSa sammAna kA bhAva thA / jinadatta - sUri marudharA ke kalpavRkSa mAne gaye haiM / inakA svargavAsa ajamera meM huaa| inake nidhana ke uparAnta inakI puNya smRti meM rAjasthAna meM sthAna-sthAna para dAdAbAr3iyoM kA nirmANa huA / kumArapAla ke samaya meM hemacandra kI preraNA se jaina dharma kA vizeSa pracAra huaa| Aba ke jaina mandira, jo apanI sthApatyakalA ke liye vizva vikhyAta haiM, isI kAla meM bane / pandrahavIM zatI meM nirmita rANakapura kA jaina mandira bhI bhavya aura darzanIya hai| jayapura kSetrIya zrI mahAvIrajI zraura udayapura kSetrIya zrI kesariyAnAthajI ke mandiroM ne jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA meM mahattvapUrNa yoga diyA hai| ye tIrthasthala sabhI dharmoM va vargoM ke liye zraddhA kendra bane huye haiN| isa kSetra ke mINA aura gujara loga bhagavAna mahAvIra aura RSabhadeva ko apanA parama ArAdhya mAnate haiN|

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24 * yaha tathya dhyAna dene yogya hai ki mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke lagabhaga 600 varSa bAda jaina dharma do matoM meM vibhakta ho gayA - digambara aura zvetAmbara / jo mata sAdhuoM kI nagnatA kA pakSadhara thA aura use hI mahAvIra kA mUla prAcAra mAnatA thA, vaha digambara kahalAyA / yaha mUla saMgha nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai aura jo mata sAdhuoM ke vastra-pAna kA samarthana karatA thA vaha zvetAmbara kahalAyA / Age calakara digambara sampradAya kaI saMghoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| jinameM mukhya haiM: -- dAvir3a saMgha, kASTha saMgha aura mAthura saMgha / kAlAntara meM zuddhAcArI, tapasvI digambara muniyoM kI saMkhyA kama ho gaI aura eka naye bhaTTAraka varga kA udaya huA jisakI sAhitya ke kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa sevAyeM rahI haiM / jaba bhaTTArakoM meM zithilAcAra panapA to usake viruddha satrahavIM zatI meM eka naye paMtha kA udaya huA jo terahapaMtha kahalAyA / isa patha meM ToDaramala jaise dArzanika vidvAn hue| zvetAmbara sampradAya bhI Age cala kara do bhAgoM meM baMTa gayA - caityavAsI aura vnvaasii| caityavAsI ugravihAra chor3akara mandiroM meM rahane lage / kAlAntara meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kaI gacchoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| saMkhyA 84 kahI jAtI hai| inameM kharataragaccha aura tapAgaccha pramukha haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki vardhamAnasUri ke ziSya jinezvarasUri ne gujarAta halapura paTTaNa ke rAjA durlabharAja kI sabhA meM san 1017 I. meM jaba caityavAsiyoM ko parAsta kiyA to rAjA ne unheM 'kharatara' nAma diyA aura isa prakAra 'kharataragaccha' nAma cala par3A / tapAgaccha ke saMsthApaka zrI jagatacandra sUri mAne jAte haiM / san 1228 I. meM inhoMne ugratapa kiyA / isa upalakSya meM mevAr3a ke mahArANA jaitrasiMha ne inheM 'tapA' upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyaa| taba se yaha gaccha 'tapAgaccha' nAma se prasiddha huA / kharataragaccha aura tapAgaccha donoM hI mUrti pUjA meM vizvAsa karate haiM / caudahavIM - pandrahavIM zatI meM saMtoM ne dharma ke nAma para panapane vAle bAhya zrADambara kA virodha kiyA, isase bhagavAn kI nirAkAra upAsanA ko bala milA / zvetAmbara paramparA meM sthAnakavAsI aura terApaMthI zramUrtipUjaka haiN| ye mUrtipUjA meM vizvAsa nahIM karate / sthAnakavAsiyoM kA saMbaMdha gujarAta kI loMkAgaccha paramparA se rahA hai| rAjasthAna meM yaha paramparA zIghra hI phaila gayI aura jAlaura, sirohI, jaitAraNa, nAgaura, bIkAnera Adi sthAnoM para isakI gaddiyAM pratiSThApita ho gayIM / isa paramparA meM jaba ADambara bar3hA taba jIvarAjajI, harajI, dhanAjI, pRthvIcandra jI, manoharajI Adi pUjya muniyoM ne tapatyAgamUlaka saddharma kA pracAra kiyA / sthAnakavAsI paramparA bAIsa sampradAya ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai / zvetAmbara terApaMtha ke mUla saMsthApaka AcArya bhikSu haiM / yaha paMtha saiddhAMtika matabheda ke kAraNa saMvat 1817 meM sthAnakavAsI paramparA se alaga huA / isa paMtha ke cauthe prAcArya, jo jayAcArya ke nAma se prasiddha haiM, rAjasthAnI ke mahAn sAhityakAra the| inhoMne terApaMtha ke liye kucha maryAdAyeM nizcita kara maryAdA mahotsava kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| navam zrAcArya zrI tulasIgaNI haiM jinhoMne aNuvrata prAMdolana ke mAdhyama se dizA meM vizeSa pahala kI hai| isa paMtha ke vartamAna naitika jAgaraNa kI rAjasthAna meM jaina dharma ke vikAsa aura prasAra meM ina sabhI jaina matoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / jaina dharma ke vibhinna prAcAryoM, saMtoM aura zrAvakoM kA jana sAdhAraNa ke sAtha hI nahIM varana yahAM ke rAjA-mahArAjAoM ke sAtha bhI ghaniSTha saMbaMdha rahA hai| prabhAvazAlI jaina zrAvaka yahAM pradhAna, dIvAna, senApati, salAhakAra aura kiledAra jaise viziSTa ucca padoM para saiMkar3oM kI saMkhyA meM rahe haiM / 1 udayapura kSetra ke navalakhA rAmadeva, navalakhA sahaNapAla, karmAzAha, bhAmA 1. isa saMbaMdha meM DA. deva koThArI kA 'dezI riyAsatoM ke zAsana prabandha meM jainiyoM kA sainika va rAjanItika yogadAna' lekha vizeSa rUpa se paThanIya hai| 'jinavANI' kA 'jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna' vizeSAMka, pR. 307 se 331 /

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25 zAha kramazaH mahArANA lAkhA, mahArANA kumbhA, mahArANA sAMgA aura mahArANA pratApa ke samaya meM pradhAna evaM dIvAna the| kumbhalagar3ha ke kiledAra AsAzAha ne bAlaka rAjakumAra udayasiMha kA gapta rUpa se pAlana-poSaNa kara apane adamya sAhasa aura svAmibhakti kA paricaya diyA thaa| bIkAnera ke baccharAja, karmacandra bacchAvata, mahArAva hindUmala kramazaH rAva bIkA, mahArAjA rAyasiMha evaM mahArAjA ratnasiMha ke samaya meM dIvAna the| bIkAnera ke mahArAjA rAyasiMha, karNasiMha, aura sUratasiMha ne kramazaH jainAcArya jinacandrasUri,dharmavardhana va jJAnasArajI ko bar3A sammAna diyaa| jodhapura rAjya ke pradhAna va dIvAnoM meM bhaNDArI narAjI, bhaNDArI mAnAjI, mUNota naiNasI kI sevAyeM kramazaH rAva jodhA, moTArAjA udayasiMha va mahArAjA jasavaMtasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa rhiiN| jayapura rAjya ke jaina dIvAnoM kI lambI paramparA rahI hai| 1 inameM mukhya haiM-saMghI mohanadAsa, rAmacandra chAbar3A, saMghI hukmacanda, saMghI jhU thArAma,zyojIrAma,amaracanda, rAva kRpArAma pAMDayA, bAlacandra chAbar3A, rAyacanda chAbar3A, vijairAma totUkA, nathamala golechA paadi| ina sabhI vIra mantriyoM ne apane prabhAva se na kevala jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa yA jIrNoddhAra hI karavAyA varan janakalyANakArI vibhinna pravRttiyoM ke vikAsa evaM saMcAlana meM yoga diyA aura deza kI rakSA va pragati ke liye saMgharSa kiyaa| svatantratA ke bAda rAjasthAna ke nava nirmANa kI sAmAjika, dhArmika, zaikSaNika, rAjanaitika aura Arthika pravRttiyoM meM jaina dharmAvalambiyoM kI mahattvapUrNa mAvalAmbayA kA mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai| vibhinna lokopakArI saMsthAnoM aura TrasToM dvArA logoM ko yathAzakya sahAyatA dI jAtI hai| mAnava samAja meM pracalita kuvyasanoM ko miTAkara sAtvika jIvana jIne kI preraNA dene vAlI vIravAladharmapAla pravatti kA racanAtmaka kAryakrama ahiMsaka samAja racanA kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| vyAvahArika zikSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha naitika zikSaNa ke liye kaI jaina zikSaNa saMsthAyeM, svAdhyAya maMDala aura chAtrAvAsa kAryarata haiN| jana svAsthya ke sudhAra kI dizA meM vibhinna kSetroM meM kaI aspatAla aura auSadhAlaya khole gaye haiM jahAM rogiyoM ko niHzulka tathA riyAyatI daroM para cikitsA suvidhA pradAna kI jAtI hai| jaina sAdhu aura sAdhviA~ varSA Rtu ke cAra mahinoM meM pada-yAtrA nahIM karate haiN| isa kAla meM vizeSataH tapa, tyAga, pratyAkhyAna, saMgha-yAtrA,tIrtha-yAtrA, muni-darzana, upavAsa, prAyambila, mAsakhamaNa, saMvatsarI, kSamAparva jaise vividha upAsanA prakAroM dvArA prAdhyAtmika jAgati ke vividha kAryakrama banAye jAte haiN| isase vyaktigata jIvana nirmala, svastha aura udAra banatA hai tathA sAmAjika jIvana meM baMdhatva, maitrI, vAtsalya jaise bhAvoM kI vRddhi hotI hai| kala milAkara kahA jA sakatA hai ki jaina dharma kI dRSTi rAjasthAna ke sarvAMgINa vikAsa para rahI hai| usane mAnava jIvana kI bhautika saphalatA ko hI mukhya nahIM mAnA, usakA bala rahA mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA aura prAtmazuddhi para / rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya : Upara ke vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki dhArmika bhAvanA ne rAjasthAna ke sAhitya, saMskRti aura kalA ko vyApaka rUpa se prabhAvita kiyA hai| vastutaH dhArmika anubhUti koI saMkIrNa manovatti nahIM hai| vaha eka naitika, manovaijJAnika aura sAmAjika vRtti hai jo mAnavatA ke astitva ke sAtha jur3I huI hai| jaba yaha vRtti sarjanAtmaka stara para rasamaya banakara mAnavamana ke ramoM ko 1. isa saMbaMdha meM paM. bhaMvaralAla jaina kA 'jayapura ke jaina dIvAna lekha paThanIya hai| 'jinavANI' kA __ 'jaina saMskRti aura rAjasthAna' vizeSAMka, pRSTha 332 se 3391

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chUtI hai, taba sAhitya aura kalA kI sRSTi hotI hai| isa bindu para pAkara dhArmika mUlya aura kalAtmaka mUlyoM meM vizeSa antara nahIM rhtaa| sAhityakAra kalpanA kA Azraya avazya letA hai para vaha mAtra kalpanAjIvI banakara jIvita nahIM raha sktaa| cUMki sAmAnya logoM se vaha adhika saMvedanazIla aura krAMtidraSTA hotA hai ata: usakI viveka zakti saMkramaNa kAla meM janatA ke manobala ko thAme rakhane meM vizeSa sahAyaka banatI hai aura saMkaTakAla meM sAMskRtika tatvoM ko naSTa hone se bacAtI hai| jaba rASTrIyatA rAjanIti ke stara para sImita ho jAtI hai aura usakI sAMskRtika cetanA manda paDa jAtI hai taba rASTrIyatA ko sArvajanIna naitika utkarSa kA dArzanika AdhAra saMta sAhityakAra hI de pAte haiN| ve hI rASTra kI AtmA ko, usakI jIvanazakti ko, UrjA ko sateja banAye rakhane meM samartha hote haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unake bAda ke prabhAvaka prAcAryoM ne yaha bhamikA nibhaayii| madhyayuga meM jaba videzI AkramaNakAriyoM se hama rAjanaitika dRSTi se parAsta ho gaye taba bhI ina saMtoM aura prAcAryoM ne bhakti, dharma aura sAhitya ke dharAtala se sAMskRtika prAMdolana kI prakriyA jArI rkhii| mAdhunika yuga meM jaba aMgrejI zAsana kA damana cakra calA taba bhI rASTra ke svatanthya-bhAva ko ina saMto ne dhArmika va sAMskRtika stara para bulaMda rkhaa| ahisA. satyAgraha, svadezIpana, lokasevA, sahaastitva jase mUlyoM aura AdarzoM ke samAjIkaraNa meM ina saMtoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| rAjasthAna meM jo jaina sAhitya racA gayA hai, vaha kathya aura zilpa donoM hI da STiyoM se baharaMgI va bahuAyAmI hai| aba taka jo kucha prakAza meM A pAyA hai usase adhika bhAga aba bhI pANDa lipiyoM ke rUpa meM vibhinna jJAna bhaNDAroM meM banda hai| vibhinna matoM ke prAcAryoM va saMtoM ne apane-apane prabhAva-kSetra ke logoM ke svabhAva va dezakAla ko dhyAna meM rakhakara vaividhyapUrNa sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI aura hindI sabhI bhASAoM meM vipula parimANa meM yaha sAhitya racA gayA hai| rUpa aura zailI kI dRSTi se vividhatA hone para bhI isakI apIla meM ekohe zyatA hai| vaha prANimAtra ko maitrI ke sUtra meM pirotI hai, samatA aura sahiSNutA kA saMdeza detI hai| svatantratA ke bAda rAjasthAna ke jaina sAhitya ke lekhana aura prakAzana meM vizeSa mor3a paayaa| rUpAtmaka dRSTi se prAcIna va madhyayugIna kAvya rUpoM ke sthAna para upanyAsa, kahAnI jaise navIna rUpa apanAye gye| isa yuga kI eka pramukha pravRtti zodha evaM samIkSAtmaka graMthoM kI ubhrii| vizvavidyAlayoM meM sAhitya, itihAsa, darzana viSayoM se saMbaddha kaI jaina zodha grantha likhe gaye, to svatantra rUpa se pANDulipiyoM ke sUcIkaraNa, prAcIna sAhityaka aura dArzanika granthoM ke sampAdana, samIkSaNa aura vivecana ke rUpa meM zodha pravRtti kA kSetra vistRta huaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa mahotsava ke upalakSya meM kaI saMsthAnoM aura vyaktiyoM dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanadarzana aura jaina dharma-darzana se saMbaddha kaI starIya aura sugama-subodha pustakeM,patra-patrikAoM ke vizeSAMka aura smArikAyeM prakAzita huI haiN| sthAnAbhAva se una sabakI carcA karanA yahAM saMbhava nahIM hai| rAjya sarakAra ke sahayoga se rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya meM aura akhila bhAratIya sAdhumArgI jaina saMgha tathA rAjya sarakAra ke vizeSa anudAna se udayapura vizvavidyAlaya meM prAkRta evaM jana vidyA vibhAga kI sthApanA se jaina sAhitya ke adhyayana adhyApana evaM ana saMdhAna ko vizeSa gati milemI aura vibhinna dharmoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se rASTra kI bhAvAtmaka ekatA pRSTa hogii| yaha bar3I prasannatA kI bAta hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa varSa ke avasara para rAjya stara para gaThita samiti kI sAhityika yojanA ke antargata yaha mahatvapUrNa grantha prakAzita

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27 kiyA jA rahA hai| isa grantha meM rAjasthAna ke prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI va hindI bhASA ke jaina sAhitya kI pravRttiyoM aura sAhityakAroM kA, vidvAn muniyoM aura lekhakoM dvArA jo paricaya, samIkSaNa aura mUlyAMkana prastuta kiyA gayA hai usase prAcIna kAla se adyAvadhi taka anavarata rUpa se pravahamAna sAhitya-sAdhanA kI vibhinna dhArAoM aura vicchittiyoM se sAkSAskAra hI nahIM hotA varana rAjasthAna kI dhArmika, sAMskRtika cetanA ko samajhane meM bhI madada milatI hai| DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata prAdhyApaka, hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura / sI-235-e, tilakanagara, jayapura-4

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. saMskRta jaina sAhitya 1. saMskRta sAhitya : vikAsa evaM pravRttiyAM muni zrI nathamala 2. saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 3. saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 4. saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya 3. viSaya-darzana prAkRta jaina sAhitya prAkRta sAhitya : eka sarvekSaNa rAjasthAna kA prAkRta-sAhitya rAjasthAna ke prAkRta sAhityakAra rAjasthAna ke prAkRta sAhityakAra 4. 2. apabhraMza sAhitya : vikAsa evaM pravRttiyA~ apabhraMza ke sAhityakAra apabhraMza sAhitya ke prAcArya 3. apabhraMza sAhityaH sAmAnya paricaya DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara DaoN. prema sumana jaina devendra muni zAstrI DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 1. rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA sAmAnya paricaya ( pRSThabhUmi) 2. rAjasthAnI padya sAhityakAra rAjasthAnI kavi apabhraMza jaina sAhitya mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara muni gulAbacandra, 'nirmohI' DaoN. kasturacanda kAsalIvAla DaoN. satyavrata DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina DaoN. rAjArAma jaina DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya DaoN. hIrAlAla mAhezvarI agaracanda nAhaTA DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata DaoN. (zrImatI) zAntA bhAnAvata 188777 39 47 55 62 84 95 117 127 132 144 152 163 168 180

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sAdhvI kanakazrI 199 203 DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla DaoN. gaMgArAma garga 216 4. rAjasthAnI padya sAhityakAra 5. rAjasthAnI padya sAhityakAra . 6. rAjasthAnI padya sAhityakAra 7. rAjasthAnI jaina gadya kI paramparA 8. rAjasthAnI gadya sAhityakAra 9. rAjasthAnI gadya sAhityakAra agaracanda nAhaTA 226 234 DaoN. deva koThArI DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla 247 257 269 hindI jaina sAhitya 1. hindI jaina sAhitya kI pravRttiyAM DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata 2. hindI jaina sAhitya aura sAhityakAra agaracanda nAhaTA ma. vinayasAgara 3. hindI jaina kavi DaoN. indararAja vaida 4. hindI jaina kAvya DaoN. mUlacanda seThiyA 5. hindI padya sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra paM. bhaMvaralAla nyAyatIrtha 6. hindI jaina gadya sAhitya DaoN. zAntA bhAnAvata 299 308 316 324 7. hindI jaina gadya sAhitya muni zrIcanda 'kamala' 340 paM.anapacanda nyAyatIrtha 357 8. hindI jaina gadya sAhitya 9. jaina kathA sAhitya kI pravRttiyAM zrI mahAvIra koTiyA 363 prathama pariziSTa 1. rAjasthAna kA jaina loka sAhitya DaoN. mahendra bhAnAvata 369 2. rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha saMgrahAlaya DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 373 3. rAjasthAna ke jaina zilAlekha rAmavallabha somAnI 385 4. jaina lekhana kalA bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 392

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dvitIya pariziSTa 1. grantha-nAmAnukramaNI 2. viziSTa vyakti evaM granthakAra nAmAnukramaNI 3. grAma-nagara nAmAnukramaNI 3 ma. vinayasAgara ma. vinayasAgara ma. vinayasAgara 427 467 489

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nibandhoM ke manISI lekhaka 1. muni zrI nathamala zodhapUrNa anekoM granthoM ke lekhaka, anuvAdaka, sampAdaka, Azukavi tathA terApaMthI sampradAya ke pramukha vidvAn 2. zrI devendra muni zAstrI zodhapUrNa vividha granthoM ke lekhaka, anuvAdaka, sampAdaka tathA sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke prakhyAta vidvAn 3. muni zrI gulAbacanda 'nirmohI' terApantha sampradAya ke vidvAna muni 4. muni zrI canda 'kamala' terApantha sampradAya ke vidvAn muni 5. sAdhvI kanakadhI terApantha sampradAya kI vidUSI sAdhvI 6. DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara adhyakSa, pAlI-prAkRta vibhAga, nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya, nAgapura (mahArASTra) 7. DaoN. prema sumana jaina prAdhyApaka, prAkRta (saMskRta-vibhAga), udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura (rAjasthAna) 8. DaoN. kasturacanda kAsalIvAla adhyakSa, sAhitya zodha vibhAga, mahAvIra bhavana, caur3A rAstA jayapura (rAjasthAna) 9. ma. vinaya sAgara, sAhityamahopAdhyAya prakAzana evaM zodha adhikArI, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, rAmacandrajI kA mandira, esa. DI. bAjAra, jayapura-2 (rAjasthAna) 10. DaoN. satyavrata adhyakSa, saMskRta vibhAga, gavarnamenTa kAleja, zrI gaMgAnagara (rAjasthAna) 11. DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina prophesara, hindI madhya pradeza zAsana zikSA sevA, 44. uSAnagara, indaura (madhya pradeza) 12. DaoN. rAjArAma jaina / mahAjana TolI naM. 2, ArA (vihAra) 13. DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI prAdhyApaka, hindI vibhAga, zAsakIya snAtakottara mahAvidyAlaya, nImaca (madhya pradeza)

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14. 15. zrI agaracanda nAhaTA 16. 17. 18. DaoN. gaMgArAma garga 22. 23. DaoN. hIrAlAla mAhezvarI prAdhyApaka, hindI sAhitya vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura (rAjasthAna ) 19. DaoN. deva koThArI 24. adhyakSa, abhaya jaina granthAlaya, nAhaToM kI gavAr3a, bIkAnera (rAjasthAna ) 26. DaoN narendra bhAnAvata prAdhyApaka, hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura (rAjasthAna ) 20. DaoN. 27. DaoN. zrImatI zAntA bhAnAvata prAdhyApikA, vIra bAlikA mahAvidyAlaya, kuMdIgara bhairoM kA rAstA, jayapura (rAjasthAna) 21. DaoN. indararAja vaida 28. 5 pravaktA, hindI rAjakIya mahAvidyAlaya, karaulI ( rAjasthAna ) upanidezaka, sAhitya saMsthAna, rAjasthAna vidyApITha, udayapura (rAjasthAna) * hukamacanda bhArilla saMyukta mantrI, paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4 bApUnagara, jayapura kAryakrama adhikArI, zrAkAzavANI, madrAsa (tamilanADa) 25. zrI mahAvIra koTiyA DaoN. mUlacanda seThiyA prAdhyApaka, hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura (rAjasthAna ) paM. bhaMvaralAla nyAyatIrtha sampAdaka, vIravANI, maNihAroM kA rAstA, jayapura (rAjasthAna ) paM. anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha sAhitya zodha vibhAga, mahAvIra bhavana, caur3A rAstA, jayapura (rAjasthAna ) (rAja.) snAtakottara hindI adhyApaka, kendrIya vidyAlaya, jayapura (rAjasthAna ) DaoN. mahendra bhAnAvata upanidezaka, bhAratIya loka kalA maNDala, udayapura (rAjasthAna ) zrI rAmavallabha somANI, kI galI, kalyANa jI kA rAstA, cAMdapola, jayapura / zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA saMpAdaka, kuzalanirdeza, 4- jagamohana mallika lena, kalakattA- 7

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prAkRta jaina sAhitya

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prAkRta sAhitya : eka sarvekSaNa : 1 DaoN. bhAgacandra jaina bhAskara pratyeka bhASA aura sAhitya saMskRti kI nirmANa-prakriyA ke vividha rUpa saMnnihita rahate haiN| ye rUpa kucha to paramparAgata hote hai aura kucha samaya ke sAtha parivartita hote cale jAte haiN| prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya bhI isa tathya se bAhara nahIM gyaa| vaha bhI samaya kI sUkSma gati ke sAtha pravAhita hotA rahA aura janasAhitya tathA janamAnasa ko prabhAvita karatA rhaa| saMkIrNatA ke dAyare se haTakara vyApaka aura nimukta kSetra meM hI vaha sadava kAryarata yaha likhanA yahAM aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki prAkRta mUlataH janabhASA rahI hai aura ma. mahAvIra ne uso kA apane siddhAntoM ke pracAra-prasAra kA mAdhyama banAyA thaa| ye siddhAnta jaba lipibaddha hone lage taba taka svabhAvataH bhASA ke pravAha meM kucha mor3a pAye aura saMkalita sAhitya usase aprabhAvita nahIM raha skaa| samakAlIna athavA uttarakAlIna ghaTanAoM ke samAveza meM bhI koI ekamata nahIM ho sakA / kisI ne sahamati dI aura koI usakI sthiti se sahamata nahIM ho skaa| phalataH pAThAntaroM aura matamatAntaroM kA janma huaa| bhASA aura siddhAntoM ke vikAsa kI yahI amiTa kahAnI hai| samUce prAkRta sAhitya kA sarvekSaNa karane para yaha tathya aura kathya aura bhI spaSTa ho jAtA hai| prAkRta bhASA ke katipaya tatva yadyapi vaidika aura vaidikotara sAhitya meM upalabdha hote haiM para usakA sAhitya lagabhaga 2500 varSa prAcIna ho mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke pahale vidyamAna prAgamika sAhitya-paramparA kA ullekha 'pUrva' zabda se avazya hayA hai para grAja vaha sAhitya-paramparA upalabdha nahIM hai| phira bhI isI paramparA se vartamAna meM upalabdha prAkRta sAhitya kI utpatti mAnI jA sakatI hai| prAkRta bhASA kA adhikAMza sAhitya jaina dharma aura saMskRti se saMbaddha hai| usakI mUla paramparA zruta athavA Agama ke nAma se vyavahRta huI hai aura eka lambe samaya taka zruti-paramparA ke mAdhyama se surakSita rhii| saMgItiyoM athavA vAcanAoM ke mAdhyama se yadyapi isa AgamaparamparA kA saMkalana kiyA jAtA rahA hai para samaya aura AvazyakatA ke anusAra cintana ke pravAha ko rokA nahIM jA skaa| phalata: usameM hInAdhikatA hotI rhii| prAkRta jana sAhitya ke sandarbha meM jaba hama vicAra karate haiM to hamArA dhyAna jaina dharma ka prAcIna itihAsa kI ora calA jAtA hai jo vaidika kAla kiMvA usase bhI prAcInatara mAnA jA sakatA hai| usa kAla ke prAkRta jaina sAhitya ko "pUrva" saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai jisakI saMkhyA caudaha hai-utpAdapUrva, agrAyaNI, vIryAnuvAda, astinAstipravAda, jJAnapravAda, satyapravAda,prAtmapravAda, karmapravAda,pratyAkhyAna, vidyAnuvAda, kalyANavAda, prANAvAya, kriyAvizAla aura lokbindusaar| Aja jo sAhitya upalabdha hai vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra rUpI himAcala se nikalI vAgagaMgA hai jisameM avagAhanakara gaNadharoM aura prAcAryoM ne vividha prakAra ke sAhitya kI racanA kii|

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uttarakAla meM yaha sAhitya do paramparAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA-~ digambara paramparA aura zvetAmbara paramparA / digambara paramparA ke anusAra prAgama sAhitya do prakAra kA hai--aMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya / aMga-praviSTa meM bAraha granthoM kA samAveza hai-pAcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtadharmakathA, upAsakAdhyayana, antaHkRddazAMga, anuttaropapAtika dazAMga, praznavyAkaraNa aura daSTivAda / dRSTivAda ke pAMca bheda kiye gaye haiM--parikarma, sUtra,prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata mora calikA / pUrvagata kehI utpAda Adi pUrvokta caudaha bheda hai| ina aMgoM ke AdhAra para racita grantha aMgabAhya kahalAte haiM jinakI saMkhyA caudaha hai--sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, vainayika, kRtikarma, dazavaM kAlika, uttarAdhyayana, kalpavyavahAra, kalpAkalpa, mahAkalpa, puNDarIka, mahApuNDarIka aura nissiddhikaa| digambara paramparA ina aMgapraviSTa paura aMgabAhya granthoM ko vilupta huA mAnatI hai| usake anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke 162 varSa pazcAt aMga grantha kramazaH vicchinna hone lg| mAtra dRSTivAda ke antargata Aye dvitIya pUrva agrAyaNI ke kucha adhikAroM kA jJAna prAcAryadhara sena ke pAsa zeSa thA jise unhoMne prAcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ko diyaa| usI ke AdhAra para unhoMne SaTakhaNDAgama jaise vizAlakAya grantha kA nirmANa kiyaa| zvetAmbara paramparA meM ye aMgapraviSTa aura aga bAhya grantha abhI bhI upalabdha hai| aMgabAhya granthoM ke sAmAyika Adi prathama chaha granthoM kA antarbhAva Avazyaka sUtra meM evaM kalpa, vyavahAra aura nizItha Adi sUtroM meM ho gyaa| maMgapraviSTa aura aMgabAhya granthoM ke AdhAra para jo grantha likhe gaya unheM cAra vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai-prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, dravyAnu yoga aura caraNAnuyoga / prathamAnuyoga meM aise granthoM kA samAveza hotA hai jisameM purANoM, caritoM aura prAkhyAyikAmoM ke mAdhyama se saiddhAntika tatva prastuta kiye jAte haiN| karaNAnuyoga meM jyotiSa aura gaNita ke sAtha hI lokoM, sAgaroM, dvIpoM, parvatoM, nadiyoM Adi kA vistRta varNana milatA hai / saryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti Adi grantha isa vibhAga ke antargata pAte haiN| jina granthoM meM jIva, karma, naya, syAdvAda Adi dArzanika siddhAntoM para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai ve dravyAnayoga kI sImA meM Ate haiN| aise granthoM meM SaTkhaNDAgama, pravacanasAra,paMcAstikAya Adi granthoM kA samAveza hotA hai| caraNAnuyoga meM muniyoM aura gRhasthoM ke niyamopaniyamoM kA vidhAna rahatA hai| kandakundAcArya ke niyamasAra, rayaNasAra, vaTTakara kA malAcAra, zivArya kI bhagavatI mArAdhanA pAdi grantha isa dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiN| hamA sampUrNa zruta ke jJAtA niyuktikAra bhadrabAhu se bhinna prAcArya bhadrabAhu the jinheM zruta kevalI kahA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke lagabhaga 150 varSa bAda titthogAlIpainnA ke anusAra uttara bhArata meM eka dvAdazavarSIya durbhikSa par3A jisake pariNAma svarUpa saMgha bheda kA sUtrapAta la meM astavyasta hae zrutajJAna ko vyavasthita karane ke lie thoDe samaya bAda hI pATalI-putra meM eka saMgIti athavA vAcanA huI jisameM gyAraha aMgoM ko vyavasthita kiyA jA skaa| bArahaveM aMga ga dRSTivAda ke jJAtA mAtra bhadrabAhu the jo bAraha varSa kI mahAprANa nAmaka yogasAdhanA ke liye nepAla cale gaye the| saMgha kI ora se usake adhyayana ke liye kucha sAdhanoM ko unake pAsa bhejA gayA jinameM sthUlabhadra hI sakSama grAhaka siddha ho ske| ve mAtra daza pUrvo kA sAtha adhyayana kara sake aura zeSa cAra pUrva mUlamAna unheM (vAcanAbhada se) mila sake, prarthataH nhiiN| dhIre-dhIre kAla-prabhAva se dazapUrvo kA bhI lopa hotA gyaa| anta meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke lagabhaga 1000 (980) varSa bAda balabhI meM prAcAya devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ka natatva meM pariSad kI saMyojanA haI jisameM upalabdha-pAgamoM ko lipibaddha kara sthira kiyA gyaa| prAja jo prAkRta Agama upalabdha haiM va isI yAcanA ke pariNAma hai|

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itanI lambI avadhi meM zrAgamoM ke svarUpa meM parivartana honA svAbhAvika hai / digambada sampradAya ne isa parivartana ko dekhakara hI sambhavataH ina prAgamoM ko "lupta" kaha diyA para zvetAmbara paramparA meM ve aba bhI surakSita haiM / yahAM hama suvidhA kI dRSTi se prAkRta jaina sAhitya ko nimna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate 1. 2. 5. 3 zrAgama sAhitya Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya 3. karma sAhitya 4. siddhAnta sAhitya AcAra sAhitya 6. vidhividhAna aura bhakti sAhitya 7. paurANika aura aitihAsika sAhitya kathA sAhitya 9. lAkSaNika sAhitya 8 1. Agama sAhitya prAkRta jainAgama sAhitya kI do paramparAoM se hama paricita hI haiM / digambara na to use lupta mAnatI hai parantu zvetAmbara paramparA meM use aMga, upAMga, mUlasUtra, chedasUtra aura prakIrNaka ke rUpa meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai / inakA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai :-- ka. aMga sAhitya :-- praMga sAhitya ke pUrvokta bAraha bheda haiM --- 1. yAtrAsaMga : yaha do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM 'satya pariNNA' Adi nava adhyayana haiM aura dvitIya skandha meM pAMca / dvitIya zrutaskandha cUlikA ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai jinakI saMkhyA pAMca hai| cAra cUlikAyeM AcArAMga meM aura paMcama vistRta hone kAraNa pRthak rUpa meM nizItha sUtra ke nAma se nibaddha hai / yaha bhAga pratham zrutaskandha ke uttarakAla kA hai| isa grantha meM gadya aura padya donoM kA prayoga huA hai / isameM muniyoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA vizeSa varNana hai| mahAvIra kI caryA kA bhI vistRta ullekha huA hai| 2. sUyagaDAMga : - isameM svasamaya aura parasamaya kA vivecana hai| ise do zrutaskandhoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| prathama zrutaskandha meM 16 adhyayana hai-- samaya, vaiyAliya

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upasarga, strIparijJA, naraka vibhakti, vIrastava, kuzIla, vIrya, dharma, samAdhi, mArga, samavazaraNa, yAthAtathya, grantha pAdAna, gAthA aura brAhmaNa zramaNa nirgrantha / dvitIya dhRtara kandha meM sAta adhyayana haiM-puNDarIka, kriyAsthAna, AhAraparijJA, pratyAkhyAna kriyA, acArazruta, arddhakIya tathA nAlandIya / prathama zrutaskandha ke viSaya ko hI yahAM vistAra se kahA gayA hai| ataH niyuktikAra ne ise "mahA adhyayana" kI saMjJA dI hai| isa aMga meM malataH kriyAvAda, prakriyAvAda, niyativAda, ajJAnavAda Adi matoM kA prasthApana aura usakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| 3. ThANAMga :--isameM dasa adhyayana hai aura 783 sUtra hai jinameM aMguttaranikAya ke samAna eka se lekara dasa saMkhyA taka saMkhyAkrama ke anusAra jaina siddhAnta para AdhArita vastu saMkhyAoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yahAM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI uttarakAlIna paramparAoM ko bhI sthAna milA hai| jaise naveM adhyayana ke tRtIya uddezaka meM mahAvIra ke 9 guNoM kA ullekha hai| sAta ninDvoM kA bhI ullekha hai--jamAli, tiSyagapta, ASADha, azvamitra, gaga, rohagupta aura gosstthmaahil| inameM prathama do ke atirikta sabhI ninhavoM kI utpatti mahAvIra ke bAda hI hii| pravrajyA, sthavira, lekhana-paddhati prAdi se saMbaddha sAmagrI kI dRSTi se yaha grantha mahatvapUrNa hai| 4. samavAyAMga:--isameM kula 275 satra hai jinameM ThANAMga ke samAna saMkhyA-krama se nizcita vastuoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi koI krama to nahIM para usI kA prAdhAra lekara saMkhyA-krama sahana. daza sahasra aura koTA-koTi taka pahuMcA hai| ThANAMga ka samAna yahAM bhI mahAvIra ke bAda kI ghaTanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai| udAharaNataH 100 veM satra meM gaNadhara indrabhUti aura sUdharmA ke nirmANa se saMbaddha ghttnaa| ThANAMga aura samavAyAMga kI eka viziSTa zailI hai jisake kAraNa inake prakaraNoM meM eka satratA ke sthAna para viSaya-vaividhya adhika dikhAI detA hai| isameM bhaugolika aura sAMskRtika sAmagrI bharI huI hai| 5. vivAhapaNNatti:--grantha kI vizAlatA aura upayogitA ke kAraNa ise bhagavatIsUtra bhI kahA jAtA hai| isameM gaNadhara gautama ke prazna aura mahAvIra ke uttara nibaddha hai / adhikAMza prazna svarga, naraka, candra, sUrya, Adi se sambaddha hai / isameM 41 zataka haiM jinameM 837 sUtra hai| prathama zataka adhika mahatvapUrNa hai| Age ke zataka isI kI vyAkhyA karate hue dikhAI dete haiN| yahAM makkhalI gausAla kA vistRta caritra bhI milatA hai / buddha ko choDakara pArzvanAtha paura mahAvIra ke samakAlIna AcArya aura parivrAjaka, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kA paramparAbheda, svapnaprakAra, javaNija (yApanIya) saMgha aura vaizAlI meM hue do mahAyuddha, vanaspatizAstra, jIva prakAra prAdi ke viSaya meM yaha grantha mahatvapUrNa jAnakArI detA hai| isameM devardhigaNi kSamAzramaNa dvArA racita nandisatra kA bhI ullekha hai jisase spaSTa hai ki isa mahAgrantha meM mahAvIra ke bAda kI sagabhaga eka hajAra varSa kI prAcIna paramparAoM kA saMkalana hai / nAyAdhammakahAno :-isameM bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa lokapracalita dhamaMkathAoM kA nibandhana hai jisameM saMyama, tapa, tyAga prAdi kA mahatva batAyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM do zrutaskandha haiN| prathama zrutaskandha meM nIti-kathAoM se saMbaddha unnIsa adhyayana haiM aura dvitIya zrutaskandha ke dasa vargoM meM dharmakathAyeM saMkalita haiN| zailI rocaka aura prAkarSaka hai| isameM meghakumAra, dhannA aura vijaya cora, sAgaradatta aura jinadatta, kacchapa aura zrRgAla, zailaka muni aura zuka parivrAjaka, tuMba rohiNI, mallI, bhAkaMdI, durdara, amAtya tamali, dropadI, puNDarIka kuNDarIka, gajasukumAla, naMdamaNiyAra Adi kI kathAyeM saMkalita hai| ye kathAyeM ghaTanA pradhAna tathA nATakIya tatvoM se prApUra hai / sAMskRtika mahatva kI sAmagrI bhI isameM sannihita hai|

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7. uvAsagadasAmo:-isameM dasa adhyayana haiM jisameM kramazaH prAnanda, kAmadeva culinIpriya, surAdeva, cullazataka, kuNDakaulika, saddAlaputra, mahAzataka, naMdinIpitA aura sAlatiyApitA ina dasa upAsakoM kA caritra-citraNa hai| ina zrAvakoM ko pAMca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata aura cAra zikSAvrata ina bAraha aNuvratoM kA niraticAra pUrvaka pAlana karate hue dharmArthasAdhanA meM tatpara batAyA hai| ise AcArAMga kA paripUraka grantha kahA jA sakatA hai| 8. aMtagaDadasApro :-isa aMga meM aise strI-puruSoM kA varNana hai jinhoMne saMsAra kA anta kara nirvANa prApta kiyA hai| isameM ATha varga hai| hara varga kisI na kisI mumukSu se saMbaddha hai| yahAM gautama, samudra, sAgara, gambhIra, gaja tukumAla, kRSNa, padmAvatI, arjunamAlI, atimukta Adi mahAnubhAvoM kA caritra-citraNa upalabdha hai| paurANika aura caritakAvyoM ke liye ye kathAnaka bIjabhUta mAne jA sakate haiN| 9. aNusarovavAiyadasAno :---isa grantha meM aise mahApuruSoM kA varNana hai jo apane tapa aura saMyama se anuttara vimAnoM meM utpanna hue| usake bAda ve muktigAmI hote haiN| yaha aMga tIna vargoM meM vibhakta haiN| prathama varga meM 10, dvitIya varga meM 13 aura tRtIya varga meM 10 adhyayana haiN| jAli, mahAjAli, abhayakumAra Adi dasa rAjakumAroM kA prathama varga meM, daghisana, mahA~sana, sihasena Adi teraha rAjakumAroM kA dvitIya varga ma aura dhanya kumAra, rAmaputra, behalla Adi dasa rAjakumAroM kA bhogamaya aura tapomaya jIvana kA citraNa milatA hai| 10. paNhavAgaraNaM :-isama praznottara ke mAdhyama se parasamaya (janetaramata) kA khaNDana kara svasamaya kI sthApanA kI hai| isake do bhAga haiN| prathama bhAga meM hiMsAdika pApa rUpa pAzravoM kA aura dvitIya bhAga meM ahiMsAdi pAMca vrata-rUpa saMvara-dvAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isI sandarbha meM mantra-tantra aura camatkArika vidyAoM kA bhI vaNana kiyA gayA hai| saMbhavata: yaha grantha uttarakAlIna hai| ___11. vivAgasuyaM :--isa grantha meM zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala dikhAne ke liye bIsa kathAoM kA Alekhana kiyA gayA hai| ina kathAnoM meM mugAputra, nandiSeNa Adi kI jIvana gAthAyeM azubha kama ke phala ko aura subAhu, bhadranandI Adi kI jIvana gAthAyeM zubhakama ke phala ko vyakta karatI haiN| prasaMgavazAt yahAM hama vibhinna ghAtaka rogoM ke varNana bhI pAte haiN| varNana krama se patA calatA hai ki yaha grantha bhI uttarakAlIna honA caahiye| 12. diTThivAya :--zvetAmbara paramparA ke anusAra yaha grantha lupta ho gayA hai jaba ki digambara paramparA ke SaTkhaNDAgama Adi prAgamika grantha isI ke bhada prabheda para AdhArita rahe haiN| samavAyAMga meM isake pAMca vibhAga kiye gaye hai - parikama, sUtra , pUrvagata, anuyoga aura cUlikA / isameM vibhinna darzanoM kI carcA rahI hogii| pUrvagata vibhAga ke utpAdapUrva Adi caudaha bheda haiN| anuyoga bhI do prakAra ke haiN| prathamAnuyoga aura gaMDikAnuyoga / cUlikAyeM kahIM battIsa aura kahI pAMca batAI gaI haiN| unakA sambandha mantra-tantrAdi se rahA hogaa| ____kha. upAMga sAhitya :-vaidika aMgopAMgoM ke samAna jainAgama ke bhI upayukta bAraha aMgoM ke bAraha upAMga mAne jAte haiN| parantu aitihAsika dRSTi se dekhA jAya to upAMgoM ke krama kA aMgoM ke krama se koI sambandha nahIM baiThatA hai| lagabhaga 12vIM zatI se pUrva ke granthoM meM aMgoM ke sAtha upAMgoM kA varNana bhI nahIM paataa| isaliye inheM uttarakAlIna mAnA jAnA caahiye| ye upAMga isa prakAra hai :--

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1. uvavAiya meM 43 sUtra hai aura unameM sAdhakoM kA punarjanma kahAM-kahAM hotA hai isakA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM 72 kalAoM aura vibhinna parivAjakoM kA varNana milatA hai| 2. rAyapasaNiya meM 217 sUtra hai| prathama bhAga meM sUryAbhadeva kA varNana hai| aura dvitIya bhAga meM kezI aura pradezI ke bIca jIva-ajIva viSayaka saMvAda kA varNana hai| isameM darzana, sthApatya, saMgIta aura nATyakalA kI viziSTa sAmagrI sannihita hai| 3. jIvAbhigama meM prakaraNa aura 272 sUtra hai jinameM jIva aura ajIva ke bhedaprabhedoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| TIkAkAra malayagiri ne ise ThANAMga kA upAMga mAnA hai| isameM astra, vastra, dhAtu, bhavana Adi ke prakAra diya gaye haiN| ___4. paNNavaNA meM 349 sUtra hai aura unameM jIva se saMbaMdha rakhane vAle 36 padoM kA pratipAdana hai--prajJApanA, sthAna, yoni, bhASA, kaSAya, indriya, lezyA prAdi / isake kartA prAya zyAmAcArya hai jo mahAvIra parinirvANa ke 376 varSa bAda avasthita the| ise samavAyAga sUtra kA upAMga mAnA gayA hai| vakSa, taNa, auSadhiyAM, paMcandriyajIva, manuSya, sAda paccIsa prAryadezoM Adi kA varNana milatA hai| 5. sUrapaNNati meM 20 pAhuDa, aura 108 satra hai jinameM sUrya, candra paura nakSatroM kI gati Adi kA varNana milatA hai| isa para bhadrabAha ne niyukti aura malayagiri ne TIkA likhI 6. jambadIvapaNNati do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita hai --pUrvAdhaM aura uttarAdhaM / pUrvArdha meM cAra aura uttarArdha meM tIna vakSaskAra (pariccheda) haiM tathA kula 176 sUtra haiM, jinameM jambudvIpa, bharatakSetra, nadI, parvata, kulakara prAdi kA varNana hai| yaha nAyAdhammakahAno kA upAMga mAnA jAtA hai| 7. candapaNNatti meM bIsa prAbhUta haiM aura unameM candra kI gati Adi kA vistRta vivecana milatA hai| ise uvAsagadasAmro kA upAMga mAnA jAtA hai| 8. nirayAvaliyA athavA kappiyA meM dasa adhyayana hai jinameM kAla, sukAla, mahAkAla, kaNha, sukaNha, mahAkaNha, vIrakaNha, rAmakaNha, piuseNakaNha aura mahAsaNakaNha kA varNana hai| 9. kappAvaDisiyA meM dasa adhyayana haiM jinameM pauma, mahApauma, bhadda, subhadda, paumabhadda, paumaseNa, paumagumma, naliNi gamma, ANaMda va nandaNa kA varNana hai ! 10. pusphiyA meM bhI dasa adhyayana haiM jinameM canda, sUra, sukka, bahuputtiyA, punnamada, maNimaha, datta, siva, bala aura praNADhiya kA varNana hai| 11. puSphacUlA meM bhI dasa adhyayana hai--siri, hiri, ghiti, kitti, buddhi, lacchI ilAdevI, surAdevI, rasadevI aura gandha devI / 12. vahidasAo meM bAraha adhyayana hai-nisaDha, mAani, vaha, vaNha, pagatA, jattI, dasaraha, daDharaha, mahASaNa, sattadhaNU, dasadhaNU aura sayadhaNU /

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ye AMga sAMskRtika dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva ke hai| pAThave upAMga se lekara bAraha upAMga taka ko samagra rUpa meM nirayAvaliyAmo bhI kahA gayA hai| ga. mUlasUtra : DA. zubiMga ke anusAra ina meM sAdhu jIvana ke mUlabhUta niyamo kA upadeza gabhita hai isaliye inheM malasatra kahA jAtA hai| upAMgoM ke samAna mUlasanoM kA bhI isa nAma se ullekha prAcIna AgamoM meM nahIM miltaa| inakI ma lasUtroM kI saMkhyA meM bhI matabheda hai| koI inakI saMkhyA tIna mAnatA hai-uttarAdhyayana, mAvazyaka mora dasavaikAlika, aura kucha vidvAnoM ne piNDaniyukti aura oghanirya kti donoM meM se eka ko sammilita kara unakI saMkhyA cAra kara dI hai| 1. uttarajjhayaNa-bhASA bhora viSaya kI dRSTi se prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| isakI tulanA pAli tripiTaka ke suttanipAta, dhammapada Adi granthoM se kI gaI hai| isakA adhyayana AcArAMgAdi ke adhyayana ke bAda kiyA jAtA thaa| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki isakI racanA uttaraphAla meM huI ho| uttarAdhyayana meM 36 adhyayana haiM jinameM naitika, saiddhAntika aura kathA kA samAvaza kiyA gayA hai| inameM kucha jinabhASita haiM, kucha pratyeka buddhoM dvArA prarUpita hai aura kucha saMvAda rUpa meM kahe gaye haiN| 2. zrAvassaya meM chaH nitya kriyAoM kA cha: adhyAyoM meM varNana hai--sAmAyika, caturvizatistava, vandana, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna / 3. basaveyAliya ke racayitA Arya zayaMbhava hai / unhoMne isakI racanA apane putra ke liye kI thii| vikAla arthAt sandhyA meM par3he jAne ke kAraNa ise dazavayAliya kahA jAtA hai| yaha dasa adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai jinameM muni-prAcAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 4. piNDaniyukti meM pATha adhikAra aura 671 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM udgama, utpAdana, eSaNA prAdi doSoM kA prarUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isake racayitA bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| 5. modhaniyukti meM 8 11 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM pratilakhana, piNDa, upAdhinirUpaNa anAyatanavarNana, pratisevanA, mAlocanA aura vizuddhi kA nirUpaNa hai / gha. chedasUtraH zramaNa dharma ke prAcAra-vicAra ko samajhane kI dRSTi se chedasUtroM kA viziSTa mahatva hai| inameM utsarga (sAmAnya vidhAna), apavAda,doSa aura prAyazcita vidhAnoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / chadasUtroM kI saMkhyA 6 hai---dasAsuyakkhaMdha, bRhatkalpa, vavahAra, nisIha, mahAnisIha, aura paMcakappa athavA jItakappa / 1. dasAsUyakkhaMdha athavA prAcAradasA meM dasa adhyayana haiN| unama kramaza: asamAdhi ke kAraNa, zavaladoSa (hastakama mathuna Adi), AzAtanA (avajJA), gaNisampadA, cittasamAdhi, upAsaka pratimA, bhikSu pratimA, payU SaNA kalpa, mohanIyasthAna aura mAyAtisthAna (nidAna) kA varNana milatA hai| mahAvIra ke jIvana-carita kI dRSTi se bhI yaha grantha mahatvapUrNa hai| isake racayitA niyuktikAra se bhinna prAcArya bhadrabAhu mAne jAte haiN| 2. bRhatkalpa meM cha: uddezya haiM jinameM bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ke nivAsa, vihAra, aahaar| prAsana mAdi se sambaddha vividha niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| isake bhI racayitA bhadrabAhu mAne gaye haiN| yaha grantha gadya meM likhA gayA hai|

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. vyavahAra meM isa uddeza aura 300 sUtra haiN| unameM mAhAra, vihAra, vaizyAvRtti, sAdhu-sAdhvI kA pArasparika vyavahAra, gRhagamana, dIkSAvidhAna prAdi viSayoM para sAMgopAMga carcA kI gaI hai| isa grantha ka bhI kartA bhadrabAhu mAna gaye haiN| 4. nisIha meM bIsa uddeza aura lagabhaga 1500 sUtra haiN| inameM guramAsika, laghumAsika, gurucAturmAsika, laghucAturmAsika prAyazcitta se saMbaddha kriyAoM kA varNana hai| 5. mahAnisIha meM chaH adhyayana aura do culAeM haiM jinakA parimANa lagabhaga 4554 zloka hai| bhASA aura viSaya kI dRSTi se yaha grantha adhika prAcIna nahIM jAna pddtaa| vinaSTa mahAnisIya haribhadrasUri ne saMzodhita kiyA aura siddhasena tathA jinadAsa gaNi ne use mAnya kiyaa| karmavipAka, tAntrika-prayoga, saMghasvarUpa Adi para vistAra se yahAM carcA kI gaI hai| 6. jItakappa kI racanA jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne 103 gAthAoM meM kii| isameM prAtmA kI vizuddhi ke lie jIta arthAt prAyazcita kA vidhAna hai| isameM AlocanA, pratikamaNa ubhaya, viva ka, vyutsarga, tapa, cheda, mUla anavasthApya aura pArA ca. culikA sUtraH--cUlikAyeM grantha ke pariziSTa ke rUpa meM mAnI gaI haiN| inameM aise viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai jinheM prAcArya anya kisI grantha prakAra meM sammilita nahIM kara ske| nandI aura anuyogadvAra kI gaNanA cUlikA patroM meM kI jAtI hai| ye sUtra apekSAkRta arvAcIna hai| nandIsUtra gadya-padya meM likhA gayA hai| isameM 90 gAthAyeM aura 59 gadyasUtra haiN| isakA kula parimANa lagabhaga 700 zloka hogA / isake racayitA dUSyagaNi ke ziSya devavAcaka mAne jAte haiM jo devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa se bhinna hai| isameM pAMca jJAnoM kA varNana vistAra se kiyA gayA hai| sthavirAvalI aura zrutajJAna ke bhada-prabheda kI dRSTi se bhI yaha grantha mahatvapUrNa hai| anuyogadvAra meM nikSapa paddhati se jainadharma ke mUlabhUta viSayoM kA prAkhyAna kiyA gayA hai| isake racayitA Arya rakSita mAne jAte haiM / isameM naya, nikSepa, pramANa, anugama prAdi kA vistRta varNana hai| granthamAna lagabhaga 2000 zloka pramANa haiN| isameM adhikAMzataH gadya bhAga hai| cha. prakIrNakaH--isa vibhAga meM aise grantha sammilita kiye gaye hai jinakI racanA tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pravadita upadeza ke AdhAra para prAcAryoM ne kI hai| aise Agamika granthoM kI saMkhyA bagabhaga 14000 mAnI gaI hai parantu vallabhI vAcanA ke samaya nimnalikhita dasa granthoM kA hI samAveza kiyA gayA hai--ca usaraNa, pAurapaccakkhANa, mahApaccakkhANa, bhattapaiNNA, taMdulavayAliya, saMthAraka, gacchAyAra, gaNivijjA, devidathaya, aura maraNasamAhi (causaraNa meM 63 gAthAya haiM) jinameM arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu, evaM kevalikathita dharma ko zaraNa mAnA gayA hai| ise vIrabhadra kRta mAnA jAtA hai| pAurapaccakkhANa meM vIrabhadra ne 70 gAthAoM meM bAlamaraNa pIra paNDitamaraNa kA vyAkhyAna kiyA hai| mahApaccakkhANa meM 142 gAthAyeM haiM jinama vratoM aura pArAdhanAoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| bhattapaiNNA meM 17 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM vIrabhadra ne bhaktaparijJA. iMginI aura pAdopagamana rUpa maraNa-bhedoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana kiyA hai| taMdulavayAliya meM 139 gAthAyeM haiM aura unameM garbhAvasthA, strIsvabhAva tathA saMsAra kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| saMthAraka meM 123 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM mRtyuzayyA kA varNana hai| gacchAyAra meM 130 gAthAya haiM jinameM gaccha meM rahane vAle sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke prAcAra kA varNana hai| gaNivijjA meM 80 gAthAyeM haiM jinameM divasa, tithi, nakSatra, karaNa, maharta prAdi kA varNana hai| devidathaya (307 gA.) meM devendra kI stuti hai / maraNasamAhi (663 gA.) meM prArAdhanA, pArAdhaka, pAlocanA, saMlekhana, kSamAyApana Adi para vivecana kiyA gayA hai|

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a ina prakIrNakoM ke atirikta titthugAliya, ajIvakappa, siddhapAhuDa, pArAhaNa pagAsa, dIvasAyarapaNNati, joisakaraMDaka, aMgavijjA, piMDavisohi, tihipaiNNaga, sArAvali, pajjaMtArAhaNA, jIvavibhatti, kavaca-pakaraNa aura jogipAhuDa granthoM ko bhI prakIrNaka zreNI meM sammilita kiyA jAtA hai / 2. Agamika vyAkhyA sAhitya uparyata ardhamAgadhI prAgama sAhitya para yathAsamaya niryakti.bhASya caNi TIkA.vivaraNa: vRtti, pravacUNi, paMjikA evaM vyAkhyA rUpa meM vipulasAhitya kI racanA huI hai| inameM prAcAryoM na Agamagata durbodha sthaloM ko spaSTa karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| isa vidhA meM niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura TokA sAhitya vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| ka. niyukti sAhityaH-jisa prakAra yAska ne vaidika pAribhASika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ke liye nirukta kI racanA kI usI prakAra AcArya bhadrabAhu (dvitIya) ne Agamika zabdoM kI vyAkhyA ke liye niyuktiyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| ye niyuktiyAM nimnalikhita dasa granthoM para likhI gaI hai-Avazyaka, dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana, AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, dazAzrutaskandha vRhatkalpa, vyavahAra, sUryaprajJapti aura RSibhASita / inameM antima do niyuktiyAM upalabdha nahIM haiN| ina niyuktiyoM kI racanA prAkRta padyoM meM huI hai / bIca-bIca meM kathAoM aura dRSTAntoM ko bhI niyojita kiyA gayA hai| sabhI niyuktiyoM kI racanA nikSepa paddhati ma haI hai| isa paddhati meM zabdoM ke aprAsaMgika arthoM ko choDa kara prAsaMgika arthoM kA nizcaya kiyA gayA hai| Avazyakaniyukti meM chaH adhyayana haiM :-sAmAyika, caturviMzatistava, vandanA, pratikramaNa, kAyotsarga aura pratyAkhyAna / isameM sapta ninhava tathA bhagavAn RSabhadeva aura mahAvIra ke caritna pAlekhana hA hai| isa niryakti para jinabhadra,jinadAsagaNi, haribhadra, koTyAcArya, malayagiri maladhArI hemacandra, mANikyazekhara Adi prAcAryoM ne vyAkhyA grantha likheN| isameM lagabhaga 1650 gAthAyeM hai / dazavakAlika niyukti ( 341 gA.) meM daza, kAla Adi zabdoM kA nikSepa paddhati se vicAra huA hai| uttarAdhyayana niyukti (607 gA.) meM vividha dhArmika aura laukika kathAoM dvArA sUtrArtha ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| prAcArAMga niyukti (347 gA.) meM prAcAra, aMga brahma caraNa Adi zabdoM kA artha nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga niyukti (205 gA.) meM mata matAntaroM kA varNana hai / dazAzrutaskandha niyukti meM samAdhi, sthAna, dakSa, zrRMta Adi kA varNana hai / vRhatkalpa niyukti (559 gA.) aura vyavahAra niyukti bhASya mizrita avasthA meM upalabdha hotI hai| inake atirikta piNDaniyukti, prodhaniyukti, paMcakalpa-niyukti, nizItha-niyukti, aura saMsaktaniyukti bhI milatI hai| bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se ina niyuktiyoM kA vizeSa mahatva hai| kha. bhASya sAhitya:-niyuktiyoM meM pracchanna gUDha viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie bhASya likhe gye| jina pAgama granthoM para bhASya milate haiM ve haiM-Avazyaka, dazavakAlika, uttarAdhyayana, bRhatkalpa, paMcakalpa, vyavahAra, nizItha, jItakalpa,aodhaniyukti aura piNDaniyukti / ye sabhI bhASya padyabaddha prAkRta meM haiN| Avazyaka sUtra para tIna bhASya milate haiM-mUlabhASya, bhASya aura vizeSAvazyakabhASya / vizeSAvazyakabhASya AvazyakasUtra ke mAna prathama adhyayana sAmAyika para likhA gayA hai phira bhI usameM 3603 gAthAyeM haiN| isameM prAcArya jinabhadra (lagabhaga vikrama saMvata 650-660) ne jaina jJAna aura tatvamImAMsA kI dRSTi se sAmagrI ko saMkalita kiyA hai| yoga, maMgala,paMcajJAna, sAmAyika, nikSapa, anuyoga, gaNadharavAda, mAtmA aura karma,praSTa ninhava, prAyazcitta vidhAna prAdi kA vistRta vivecana milatA hai| jinabhadra kA hI dUsarA bhASya jItakalpa (103 gA.)

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10 para hai jisameM prAyazcitoM kA varNana hai / isI para eka svopajJabhASya (2606 gAthAyeM) bhI milatA hai jisama bRhatkalpa, laghubhASya, vyavahArabhASya, paMcakalpa mahAbhASya, piNDaniyukti Adi kI gAthAyeM zabdazaH uddhRta haiM / bRhatkalpa laghubhASya ke racayitA saMghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa jinabhadra ke pUrvavartI haiM jinhoMne isa cha: uddezyoM aura 6490 gAthAoM meM pUrA kiyA hai| isameM jinakalpika aura sthavira kalpika sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke AhAra, vihAra, nivAsa Adi kA sUkSma varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAMskRtika sAmagrI se yaha grantha bharA huA hai| inhIM prAcArya kA paMcakalpa mahAbhASya (2665 gAthAyeM) bhI milatA hai / bRhatkalpa laghu-bhASya ke samAna bRhatkalpa vRhadbhASya bhI likhA gayA hai para durbhAgya se - abhI taka vaha apUrNa hI alabdha hai / isa saMdarbha meM vyavahArabhASya (dasa uddeza), aopaniyukti ladhubhASya (322 gA.), propaniyukta bRhadbhASya (2517 gA.) aura piNDaniyukti bhASya (46 gA.) bhI ullekhanIya haiM / ga. cUNi sAhityaH--pAgama sAhitya para niyuvitayoM aura bhASyoM ke atirikta cUrNiyoM kI bhI racanA huI hai / para ve padya meM na hokara gadya meM haiM aura zuddha prAkRta bhASA meM na hokara prAkRta saMskRta mizrita haiM / sAmAnyataH yahAM saMskRta kI apekSA prAkRta kA prayoga adhika huA hai| caNi kAroM meM jinadAsagaNi mahattara aura siddhasenasari agragaNya haiM / jinadAsagaNi mahattara (lagabhaga saM. 650-750) ne nandI, anuyogadvAra, pAvazyaka, dazava kAlika, uttarAdhyayana,prAcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, bRhatkalpa, vyAkhyAprajJapti, nizItha aura dazAzru taskandha para cUNiyAM likhI haiM tathA jItakalpa cUNi ke kartA siddhasenasUri (vi. saM. 1227) haiM / inake atirikta jIvAbhigama, mahAnizItha, vyavahAra, jambUdvIpaprajJapti prAdi granthoM para bhI cUNiyAM likhI gaI haiM / ina cUrNiyoM meM sAMskRtika tathA kathAtmaka sAmagrI bharI huI hai| gha. TIkA sAhityaH--pAgama ko aura bhI spaSTa karane ke liye TIkAya likhI gaI hai| inako bhASA pradhAnataH saMskRta hai para kathAbhAga adhikAMzataHprAkRta meM milatA hai| Avazyaka, dazavakAlika, nandI aura anayogadvAra para haribhadrasUri (lagabhaga 700-770 I.) kI, prAcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga para zIlAcArya (vi. saM. lagabhaga 900-1000) kI, aMga sUtroM para abhayadevasUri kI, aneka AgamoM para malayagiri kI, uttarAdhyayana para ziSyahitA TIkA zAntisari ( 11vIM zatI) kI tathA sukhabAdhA TIkA devendragaNi nemicandra kI vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| saMskRta TIkAoM meM vivaraNoM aura tayoM kI to eka lambI saMkhyA hai jisakA ullekha karatA yahAM aprAsaMgika hogaa| 3. karma sAhitya pUrvokta prAgama sAhitya ardhamAgadhI prAkRta meM likhA gayA hai / ise paramparAnusAra zvetAmbara sampradAya svIkAra karatA hai parantu digambara sampradAya kinhIM kAraNoMvaza use lupta huaA mAnatA hai / usake anusAra prAMzika jJAna muni-paramparA meM surakSita rahA / usI ke AdhAra para prAcAya dharasena ke sAnnidhya meM SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA huii| SaTkhaNDAgama dRSTivAda nAmaka bArahaveM aMga ke antargata agrAyaNI nAmaka dvitIya pUrva ke cayana-labdhi nAmaka pAMcaveM adhikAra ke caturtha pAhuDa (prAbhRta)karmaprakRti para AdhArita hai / isaliya ise karmaprAbhRta bhI kahA jAtA hai / isake prArambhika bhAga satprarUpaNA ke racayitA puSpadanta haiM aura zeSa bhAga ko prAcArya bhUtabali' ne likhA hai / inakA samaya mahAvIra nirvANa ke 600-700 varSa bAda mAnA jAtA hai / / satprarUpaNA meM 177 sUtra hai / zeSa grantha 6000 sUtroM meM racita hai / karmaprAbhRta ke chaH khaNDa hai-jIvaTThANa (2375 sUtra), khuddAbandha (1582 sUtra), bandhasAmittavicaya (324 sUtra), vedanA (144 sUtra), vaggaNA (962 sUtra) aura TippaNI:-1. SaTkhaNDAgama, pustaka 1, prastAvanA pu. 21-31.

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mahAbandha (sAta adhikaar)| inameM karma aura unakI vividha prakRtiyoM kA vistRta vivecana milatA hai / isa para nimnalikhita TIkAyeM likhI gaI haiM / ina TIkAtroM meM dhavalA TIkA ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI anupalabdha haiM / inakI bhASA zaurasenI prAkRta hai :-- (1) prathama tIna khaNDoM para kundakundAcArya kI prAkRta TIkA (12000 zloka) prathama pAMca khaNDoM para zAstrakuNDakRta paddhati nAmaka prAkRta-saMskRta kannaDa mizrita TIkA (12000 zloka parimANa) (3) chaThe khaNDa para tumbUlAcAryakRta prAkRta paMjikA (6000 zloka) (4) vIrasena (816 I.) kI prAkRta saMskRta mizrita TIkA (72000 zloka) dRSTivAda ke hI jJAnapravAda nAmaka pAMcaveM pUrva kI dasavIM vastu ke pejjadosa nAmaka tRtIya prAbhUta se kaSAyaprAbhRta (kasAya pAhuDa) kI utpatti haI / ise pejjadosapAhuDa bhI kahA gayA hai / AcArya guNadhara ne isakI racanA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke parinirvANa ke 683 varSa bAda kI / isameM 1600 pada, 180 kiMvA 233 gAthAyeM aura 15 arthAdhikAra hai / isa para yati vRSabha ne vikrama kI chaThI zatI meM chaH hajAra zloka pramANa caNisUtra likhA / usa para vIrasena ne san 874 meM bIsa hajAra zloka pramANa jayadhavalA TIkA likhii| isa adharI TIkA ko unake ziSya jayasena (jinasena) ne cAlIsa hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA aura likhakara grantha samApta kiyA / inake atirikta uccAraNAcAryakRta uccAraNavatti, zAmakUNDakRta paddhati TIkA, tumbulAcArya kRta cuDAmaNivyAkhyA tathA bappadevagurukRta vyAkhyAprajapti vatti nAmaka TIkAoM kA ullakha milatA hai para Aja ve upalabdha nahIM haiN| ina sabhI TIkA granthoM meM karma kI vividha vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / inhIM granthoM ke AdhAra para nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne vikrama kI 11vIM zatI meM gomaTTasAra kI racanA kI / ve cAmuNDarAya ke guru the jinheM gomaTTarAya bhI kahA jAtA thA / gomaTasAra ke do bhAga haiM-jIvakANDa733 gAthAyeM aura karmakANDa (972 gA.) / jIvakANDa meM jIva, sthAna, kSudrabandha, bandhasvAmI aura vedanA ina pAMca viSayoM kA vivecana hai / karmakANDa meM karma ke bheda-prabhedoM kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai / isI lekhaka kI labdhisAra (261 gA.) nAmaka eka aura racanA milatI hai| lagabhaga pAThavIM zatI meM likhI kisI ajJAta vidvAn kI paJcasaMgraha (1304 gA.) nAmaka kRti bhI upalabdha hai / isameM karmastava Adi pAMca prakaraNa hai / prAyaH ye sabhI grantha zaurasainI prAkRta meM likhe gaye haiM / prAcArya kundakunda, vaTTakara aura zivArya ke sAhitya ko isameM aura joDa diyA jAya to yaha samUcA sAhitya digambara sampradAya kA pAgama sAhitya kahA jA sakatA hai / ina granthoM ke atirikta zivazarmasUri (vi. kI pAMcavIM zatI) kI karmaprakRti (475 gA.); usa para kisI ajJAta vidvAna kI sAta hajAra zloka pramANa carNi, vIrazakharavijaya kA Thiibandha (876 gA.) tathA khavaga seDhI aura candraSimahattara kA paMcasaMgraha (1000 gA.) viziSTa karma-grantha hai / garSi (vi. kI 1 vIM zatI) kA karmavipAka, ajJAta kavi kA karmastava aura bandhasvAmitva, jinavallabha gaNi kI SaDazIti, zivazarmasari kA zataka aura ajJAta kavi kI saptatikA ye prAcIna SaTa karma grantha kahe jAte haiN| jinavallabhagaNi (vi.kI 12vIM ( zatI) kA sArdhazataka (155 gA.) bhI smaraNIya hai| devendrasUri ( 13vIM zatI) ke karmavipAka 60 gA.), karmastava ( 3 4 gA.), bandhasvAmitva ( 24 gA.), SaDazIti ( 86 gA.) aura zataka 100 gA.), ina pAMca granthoM ko vyakarmagrantha kahA jAtA hai / jinabhadragaNi kI vizeSaNavati...

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vijayavimalagaNi (vi. saM. 1623) kA bhAvaprakaraNa (30 gA.), harSakula gaNi (16vIM zatI) kA bandhodayasattA prakaraNa (24 gA.) grantha bhI yahAM ullekhanIya haiM / ___4. siddhAnta sAhitya karmasAhitya ke atirikta kucha aura grantha hai jinheM hama mAgama ke antargata rakha sakate hai| ina granthoM meM prAcArya kundakunda (prathama zatI) ke pavayaNasAra (275 gA.), samayasAra (415 gA.), niyamasAra (181 gA.), paMcatthikAya-saMgahasutta (173 gA.), devaNapAhuDa (36 gA.), cArittapAhuDa (44 gA.), suttapAhuDa (27 gA.), boSapAhuDa (62 gA.), bhAvapAhuDa (166 gA.), mokkhapAhuDa (106 gA.), liMgapAhuDa (22 gA.) aura sIlapAhuDa (40 gA.) pradhAna grantha haiN| inameM nizcaya naya kI dRSTi se AtmA kI vizuddhAvasthA ko prApta karane kA mArga batAyA gayA hai| inakI bhASA zaurasa nI hai| anekAnta kA samyaka vivecana karane vAloM meM AcArya siddhasena (5-6vIM zatI) zIrSastha hai| jinhoMne sammaisutca (167 gA.) likhakara prAkRta meM dArzanika grantha likhane kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| yaha grantha tIna khaNDoM meM vibhavata hai-naya, upayoga aura anekaantvaad| abhayadeva ne isa para 25000 zloka pramANa tatvabodha-vidyAyinI nAmaka TIkA likhii| isakI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta hai| isI prakAra prAcArya devasena kA laghunaya cakra (81 gA.) aura mAila ghakla kA vRhannayacakra (423 gA.) bhI isa saMdarbha meM ullekhanIya grantha haiN| kisI ajJAta kavi kA jIvasamAsa (286 gA.); zAntisUri (11vIM zatI) kA jIvavivAra (51 gA.), abhayadevasUri kI paNNavaNA-taiyapayasaMgahaNI (133 gA.), ajJAtakavi kI jIvAjIvAbhigamasaMgahaNI (223 gA.), jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kA samayakhittasamAsa (637 gA.), ratnazekharasUri kI kSetravicAraNA (377 gA.), nemicandrasUri kA pavayaNasArukhAra (1599 gA.); somatilakasUri (vi. saM. 1373) kA satarisayaThANa payaraNa (359 gA.); devasUri kA jIvANusAsaNa (323 gA.) Adi racanAoM meM sapta tatvoM kA sAMgopAMga vivecana milatA hai| dharmopadezAtmaka sAhitya bhI prAkata meM pracara mAtrA meM milatA hai| jIvana-sAdhanA kI dRSTi se yaha sAhitya likhA gayA hai / dharmadAsa gaNi (lagabhaga 8 vIM zatI) kI uvaesamAlA(542 gA.), haribhadrasUri kA uvaesapada ( 1039 gA.) evaM saMbohapayaraNa (150 gA.),hemacandra sUri kI puSpamAlA (50 5 gA.) va bhavabhAvaNA (531 gA.), mahendraprabhUsUri (saM. 1436) kI uvaesa citAmaNi (415 gA.), jinadattasUri (1231) kA vivekavilAsa (1323 gA.); zubhavardhanagaNi (saM. 1552) kI vaddhamANadesanA (3163gA.), lakSmIvallabhagaNi kA vairAgyarasAyanaprakaraNa (102 gA.); padmanandamuni kA dhammarasAyaNa (193 gA.) tathA jayavallabha kA vajjAlagga (1330 gA.) bhAdi grantha mukhya haiN| ina kRtiyoM meM jainadharma, siddhAMta aura tatvoM kA upadeza diyA gayA hai aura AdhyAtmika unnati kI dRSTi se vratAdi kA mahatva batAyA gayA hai / ye sabhI kRtiyAM jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhI gaI haiM aura pazcima ke jaina sAhityakAroM ne ardhamAgadho ke bAda isI bhASA ko mAdhyama banAyA / 'yazruti' isakI vizaSatA hai / prAcAryoM ne yoga aura bAraha bhAvanAoM sambandhI sAhitya bhI prAkRta meM likhA hai| isakA adhikAMza sAhitya yadyapi saMskRta meM milatA hai para prAkRta bhI usase achatA nahIM rhaa| haribhadra sUri kA jhANajjhayaNa (106 gA.), kumAra kArtikeya kA bArasAnuvekkhA (489gA.), Da devacandra kA guNaTThANasaya (107 gA.) ullekhanIya hai / ina granthoM meM yama, niyama Adi ka mAdhyama se muktimArga-prApti ko nirdiSTa kiyA gayA hai / prAcIna bhAratIya yogasAdhanA ko kisa prakAra vizuddha prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA kA mAdhyama banAyA jA sakatA hai isakA nidarzana ina prAcAryoM ne ina kRtiyoM meM bar3I saphalatApUrvaka kiyA hai|

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5. AcAra sAhitya AcAra sAhitya meM sAgAra aura anagAra ke vratoM aura niyamoM kA vidhAna rahatA hai / vaTTakera (lagabhaga 3rI zatI) kA malAcAra (1552 gA.), zivArya (lagabhaga tutIya zatI) kA bhagavA pArAhaNA (2166 gA.) aura vasunandI (13vIM zatI) kA uvAsayAjjhayaNa (546 gA.) zaurasenI prAkRta meM likhe kucha viziSTa grantha haiM jinameM muniyoM aura zrAvakoM ke prAcAravicAra kA vistRta varNana hai| isI taraha haribhadrasUri ke paMcavatthuga (1714 gA.), paMcAsaga ( 950 gA. ), sAvayapaNNatti (405 gA.) aura sAvayadhammavihi (120 gA.), pradyumnasUri kI mUlasiddhi (252 gA.), vIrabhadra (saM. 1078) kI ArAhaNApaDAyA (990 gA.), devendrasUri kI sar3adadiNa kiJca (344 gA.) Adi jaina mahArASTrI meM likhe pramukha grantha haiN| inameM muni aura zrAvakoM kI dinacaryA, niyama, upaniyama, darzana, prAyazcita Adi kI vyavasthA vidhi batAI gaI hai| ina granthoM para aneka TIkArya bhI milatI hai| _6. vidhi-vidhAna aura bhaktimUlaka sAhitya prAkRta meM esA sAhitya bhI upalabdha hotA hai jisameM prAcAryoM ne bhakti, pUjA pratiSThA, yajJa, mantra , tantra, parva, tIrtha Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| kundakunda kI siddha bhakti (12 gA.), sudatti, carittabhatti, (10 gA.) aNagArabhatti, (23 gA.), pAyariyabhatti, (10 gA.), paMvagurubhatti, (7 gA.), titthayarabhatti,(8 gA.) aura nivvANabhatti, (26 gA.) vizeSa mahatvapUrNa haiN| yazodevasUri kA paccakkhANasaruva (329 gA.); zrIcandrasUri kI aNaTThANavihi, jinavallabhagaNi kI paDikkamaNasamAyArI (40 gA.),posahavihipayaraNa (11 aura jinaprabhasUri (vi. saM. 1363) kI vihimagappavA (3575 gA.) isa saMdarbha meM ullekhanIya grantha haiN| dhanapAla kI RSabhapaMcAsikA (50 gA.), bhadrabAhu kA upasaggaharastotra (20 gA.), nandiSeNa kA ajiyasaM tithaya, devendrasUri kA zAsvatacaMtyastava, dharmaghoSasUri (14vIM zatI) kA bhavastrotra, kisI ajJAta kavi kA nirvANakANDa (21 gA.) tathA yogandradeva (chaThI zatI) kA nijAtmASTaka prasiddha stotra hai ina stotroM meM dArzanika siddhAntoM ke sAtha hI kAvyAtmaka tatvoM kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| 7. paurANika aura aitihAsika kAvya sAhitya jaina dharma meM 63 zalAkA mahApuruSa hue hai jinakA jIvana-caritna kaviyoM ne apanI lekhanI meM utArA hai| ina kAvyoM kA srota Agama sAhitya hai / inheM prabandha kAvya kI koTi meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| inameM kaviyoM ne dharmopadeza, karmaphala, avAntarakathAyeM, stuti darzana, kAvya aura saMskRti ko samAhita kiyA hai| sAdhAraNatayA sabhI kAvya zAntarasanivartI haiN| inameM mahAkAvya ke prAyaH sabhI lakSaNa ghaTita hote haiN| lokatatvoM kA bhI samAveza yahAM huA hai| paumacariya (8351 gA.) paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM prAcInatama kRti hai| jisakI racanA vimalasarine vi.saM.530 meM kii| kavi ne yahAM rAmacarita ko yathArthavAdi bhUmikA para khar3e hokara likhA hai| usameM unhoMne atArkika aura besira-para kI bAtoM ko sthAna nahIM diyA hai| sabhI prakAra ke guNa, alaMkAra, rasa aura chandoM kA bhI upayoga kiyA gayA hai| . gapta vAkATaka yuga kI saMskRti bhI isameM paryApta milatI hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta kA parimAjita rUpa yahAM vidyamAna hai| kahIM-kahIM apabhraMza kA bhI prabhAva dikhAI detA hai| isI taraha bhavanatagasUri kA sItAcaritra (465 gA.) bhI hai| ____ sambhavataH zIlAMkAcArya se bhinna zIlAcArya (vi. saM. 925) kA caupannamahA purisacariya (10800 zloka pramANa), bhadrezvarasUri (12 vIM zatI) racita kahAvalI tathA,

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14. Amrakavi (10vIM zatI) kA cauppana mahApurisa cariya (103 adhikAra), somaprabhAcArya, (saM 1199) kA sumaInAhacariya (9621 zloka parimANa), lakSmaNagaNi (saM. 1199) kA supAsanAhacariya (8000 gA.), nemicandrasUri (saM. 1216) kA anaMtanAhacariya (1200 gA.), zrIcandra sUri (saM. 1199) kA munisuvdhayasAmicariya (10994 gA.) tathA guNa candrasUri (saM. 1139) aura nemicandrasUri (12vIM zatI) ke mahAvIra caritra (kramazaH 12025 aura 2385 zloka pramANa) kAvya vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| ye grantha prAyaH padyabaddha haiN| kathAvastu kI sajIvatA va caritra-citraNa kI mArmikatA yahAM spaSTataH dikhAI detI hai| dvAdaza cakravartiyoM tathA anya zalAkA puruSoM para bhI prAkRta racanAyeM upalabdha haiM / zrIcandrasUri (saM. 1214) kA saMNakumAra cariya (8127 zloka pramANa), saMghadAsagaNi aura dharmadAsagaNi (lagabhaga 5vIM zatI) kA vasUdevahiNDI (do khaNDa) tathA guNapAlamani kA jambUcariya (15 uddezya) isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya grantha haiM / ina kAvyoM meM jaina dharma, itihAsa aura saMskRti para prakAza DAlane vAle aneka sthala hai / likhe ga bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda hone vAle anya prAcAryoM aura sAdhakoM para bhI prAkRta kAvya sUri (saM. 1261) kA pratyekabuddhacarita (6050 zloka pramANa) unameM pramukha hai / isake atirikta kucha aura paurANika kAvya milate hai jo AcAryoM ke caritra para AdhArita hai jaise kAlakAcArya kathA Adi / janAcAryoM ne aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para katipaya prAkRta kAvya likhe haiM / kahIM rAjA, mantrI athavA zreSThI nAyaka haiM to kahIM santa, mahAtmA ke jIvana ko kAvya ke liye cunA gayA hai| unakI digvijaya, saMghayAtrAyeM tathA anya prAsaMgika varNanoM meM atizayoktiyAM bhI jhalakatI haiN| vahAM kAlpanika citraNa bhI ubharakara sAmane Aye haiN| aise sthaloM para itihAsavettA ko pUrI sAvadhAnI ke sAtha sAmagrI kA cayana karanA apekSita hai| hemacandrasUri kA dvayAzraya mahAkAvya cAlukyavaMzIya kumArapAla mahArAjA ke carita kA aisA hI citraNa karatA hai / isa grantha ko par3hakara bhaTTikAvya, rAjataraMgiNI tathA vikramAMkadeva caritra jaise grantha smRti patha meM pAne lagate haiN| itihAsa ke nirmANa meM prazastiyoM aura abhilekhoM kA bhI mahatva hotA hai| zrIcandrasUri ke munisuvvayasAmicariya (saM. 1193) kI 100 gAthAoM kI prazasti meM saMgha zAkambharI nareza pRthvIrAja, saurASTra nareza baMgAra Adi kA varNana hai / sAhitya jahAM mauna ho jAtA hai vahAM abhilekha bAta karane lagate haiN| prAkRta meM likhe prAcInatama abhilekha ke rUpa meM bAralI (ajamera se 38 mIla dUra) meM prApta pASANa khaNDa para khudI cAra paMktiyAM haiM jinameM vIra nirvANa saMvat 84 utkIrNa hai| azoka ke lekha isake bAda ke haiN| unameM bhI prAkRta rUpa dikhAI dete hai| samrATa khAravela kA hAthI guphA zilAlekha, mathurA aura dhamosA se prApta zilAlekha tathA ghaTiyAla (jodhapura) kA zilAlekha (saM.918) isa sandarbha meM ullekhanIya hai / kaI mUrti lekha bhI prAkRta meM milate haiM / nATakoM kA samAveza dazyakAvya ke rUpa meM hotA hai| isameM saMvAda, saMgIta, nRtya aura abhinaya saMnnihita hotA hai| saMskRta nATakoM meM sAdhAraNataH striyAM, vidUSaka tathA nimnavarga ke kiMkara, dhUrta, viTa, bhUta, pizAca Adi adhikAMza pAtra prAkRta hI bolate haiM / pUrNatayA prAkRta meM likhA nATaka abhI taka upalabdha nahIM haa| nayacandrasUri kI sar3aka kRti nayamaMjarI avazya milI hai jo karpUramaMjarI ke anukaraNa para lidhI gaI hai| isameM prAkRta ke vibhinna rUpa dekhane ko milate haiN|

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15 8. kathA sAhitya jainAcAryoM ne prAkRta bhASA meM vipula kathA sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai / unakA mukhya uddezya karma, darzana, saMyama, tapa, caritra, dAna Adi ko mahatva ko spaSTa karanA rahA hai / zrAgama sAhitya ina kathAoM kA mUla srota hai / Adhunika kathAoM ka e samAna yahAM vastu, pAtra, saMvAda, i zakAla, zailI aura uddezya ke rUpa meM kathA ke aMga bhI milate haiM / niyukta, bhASya, cUrNa, TIkA Adi granthoM meM upalabdha kathAyeM uttara kAlIna vikAsa ko iMgita karatI hai / yahAM apekSA kRta sarasatA aura spaSTatA adhika dikhAI detI hai / samUce prAkRta sAhitya ko aneka prakAra se vibhAjita kiyA gayA hU~ / AgamoM meM kathA, vikathA aura kathA ye tIna bheda kiye gaye haiM / kathA meM lokakalyANa kA hetu garmita hotA hai / zeSa tyAjya hai / viSaya kI dRSTi se cAra bheda haiM-prakSepaNI, artha, kAma aura mizrakathA | dharmakathA ke bhI cAra bheda haiM-prakSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedanI aura nirvedanI / jainAcAryoM ne isI prakAra ko adhika apanAyA hai / pAtroM ke AdhAra para unheM divya, mAnuSa aura mizrakathAoM ke rUpa meM vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai / " tIsarA vargIkaraNa bhASA kI dRSTi se huA hai - saMskRta, prAkRta, aura mizra / udyotanasUri ne zailI kI dRSTi se isake pAMca bheda kiye haiM. sakala kathA, khaNDa kathA, ullApa kathA, parihAsa kathA aura saMkIrNa kathA / prAkRta sAhitya meM meM mizrakathAyeM adhika milatI haiM / ina sabhI kathA-granthoM kA paricaya denA yahAM sarala nahIM / isalie viziSTa granthoM kAhI ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai / Am kathA saMgraha: - jainAcAryoM ne kucha aisI dharmakathAoM kA saMgraha kiyA hai jo sAhityakAra ke liye sadaiva upajIvya rahA hai / dharmadAsagaNa ( 10vIM zatI) ke upadezamAlA prakaraNa ( (542 gA.) meM 310 kathAnakoM kA nAmollekha hai aura TIkAoM meM unakA caritra saMgraha hai / jayasiMhasUri (vi saM. 915 ) kA dharmopadezamAlA vivaraNa ( 159 kathAyeM ), devabhadrasUri ( saM. 1108) kA kahArayaNakAsa (12300 zloka pramANa aura 50 kathAyeM ), devendragaNi (saM. 1129) kA akkhANyamaNikosa ( 127 kathAnaka ) Adi mahatvapUrNa kathA saMgraha hai jinameM dharma ke vibhinna AyAmoM para kathAnakoM ka e mAdhyama se dRSTAMta prastuta kiye gaye haiM / ye sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie bahuta upayogI haiM / uparyukta kathAnakoM athavA lokakathAoM kA Azraya lekara kucha svatantra kathA sAhitya kA bhI nirmANa kiyA gayA hai jinameM dharmArAdhanA ke vividha pakSoM kI prastuti milatI hai / udAharaNataH haribhadrasUri (saM. 717-827) kI samarAicca kahA aisA hI grantha hai jisameM mahArASTrIya prAkRta gadya meM 9 prakaraNa hai aura unameM samarAditya aura girisaina ke 9 bhavoM kA sundara varNana hai / isI kavi kA dhUrtAkhyAna ( 480 gA.) bhI apana e DhaMga kI eka nirAlI kRti hai jisameM hAsya aura vyaMgyapUrNa manoraMjaka kathAyeM nibaddha haiM / jayarAma kI prAkRta dhammaparikkhA bhI isI zailI meM racI gaI uttama kRti hai / yazodhara aura zrIpAla ke kathAnaka prAcAryoM ko bar3e rucikara pratIta hue / sirivAlakahA (1342 gA. ) ko ratnazekharasUri ne saMkalita kiyA aura hemacandra sAdhu (saM. 1428) 1. dazavaikAlika gA. 188; samarAicca kahA- pR. 2 2. samarAiccakahA- pR. 21 3. lIlAvaIkahA- 36, 4. kuvalayamAlA - 4ui

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16 ne use lipibaddha kiyA / sukauzala, sukumAla aura jinadatta ke carita bhI lekhakoM ke lie upajIvya kathAnaka rahe haiM / katipaya racanAyeM nArIpAtra pradhAna haiM / pAdaliptasUri racita taraMgavaI kahA isI prakAra kI racanA hai / yaha apane malarUpa meM upalabdha nahIM para nemicandragaNi ne isI ko taraMgalolA ke nAma se saMkSipta rUpAntaritaM kathAoM (1642 gA. ) meM prastuta kiyA hai / udyotanasUri (saM. 835 ) kI kuvalayamAlA ( 13000 zloka pramANa ) mahArASTrI prAkRta meM gadya-padya maya campUzailI meM likhI isI prakAra kI anupama kRti hai jise hama mahAkAvya kaha sakate haiM / guNapAla muni (saM. 1264) kA isidattAcariya ( 1550 granthAna pramANa), ghanazvarasUri (saM. 1095) kA surasundarI cariya (4001 gA.), devendrasUri (saM. 1323) kA sudaMsa gAcariya (4002 gA.) Adi racanAyeM bhI yahAM ullekhanIya haiM / inameM nArI meM prApta bhAva sundara vizleSaNa milatA hai / kucha kathAgrantha aise bhI race gaye haiM jinakA vizeSa sambandha kisI parva, pUjA athavA to se rahA hai| aise granthoM meM zratapaJcamI ke mAhAtmya ko pradarzita karane vAlA "nAgapaMcamI kahAo " grantha sarva prathama ullekhanIya hai / isameM 10 kathAyeM aura 2804 gAthAyeM haiM / ina kathAoM meM bhavissayata kahAnI uttarakAlIna prAcAryoM ko vizeSa prabhAvita kiyA hai| isake atirikta ekAdazIvrata kathA ( 137 gA. ) Adi grantha bhI upalabdha hote haiM / 9. lAkSaNika sAhitya lAkSaNika sAhitya se hamArA tAtparya hai - vyAkaraNa, koza, chanda, jyotiSa-nimitta, zilpAdi vidyAyeM / ina sabhI vidyAoM para prAkRta racanAyeM milatI haiM | aNuyogadArasuta Adi prAkRta Agama sAhitya meM vyAkaraNa ke kucha siddhAnta parilakSita hote haiM para zrAzcarya kI bAta hai ki abhI taka prAkRta bhASA meM likhA koI bhI prAkRta vyAkaraNa upalabdha nahIM huA / samantabhadra, vIrasena aura devendrasUri ke prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kA ullekha avazya milatA hai| para abhI taka ve prakAza meM nahIM A pAye / saMbhava hai, ve grantha prAkRta meM likhe gaye hoM / saMskRta bhASA meM likhe gaye prAkRta vyAkaraNoM meM caNDa kA svavRttisahita prAkRta vyAkaraNa ( 99 athavA 103 sUtra), hemacandrasUri kA siddhahamacandra zabdAnuzAsana (1119 sUtra ), trivikrama ( 13vIM zatI) kA prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana ( 1036 sUtra ) Adi grantha vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / ina granthoM meM prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke vyAkaraNa viSayaka niyamopaniyamo kA sundara varNana milatA hU~ / koza kI bhASA kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie koza kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai / dRSTi se niyuktiyoM kA vizeSa mahatva hai / usameM eka-eka zabda ke bhinna-bhinna arthoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / prAkRtakozakalA ke udbhava aura vikAsa kI dRSTi se unakA samajhanA Avazyaka hai / hemacandra kI dezI nAmamAlA (783 gA. ) meM 397 dezaja zabdoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| bhASA-vijJAna kI dRSTi se vizeSa upayogI hai| isake atirikta dhanapAla (saM. 1029) kA pAiya lacchInAmamAlA ( 279 gA), vijayarAjendrasUri (saM. 1960 ) kA abhidhAna rAjendrakoza (cAra lAkha zloka pramANa) aura haragovindadAsa vikramacanda seTha kA pAiya saddamahaNNavo (prAkRta hindI) koza bhI yahAM ullekhanIya hai / saMvedanazIlatA jAgrata karane karAne ke lie chanda kA prayoga huA hai / naMditADaDha ( lagabhaga 10vIM zatI) kA gAhAlakkhaNa ( 96 gA.) aura ratnazekharasUri ( 15 vIM zatI) kA chanda: koza (74 gA.) ullekhanIya prAkRta chanda gantha hai / gaNita ka kSetra meM mahAvIrAcArya kA gaNitasAra saMgraha aura bhAskarAcArya kI lIlAvatI prasiddha grantha hai / ina donoM kA AdhAra lekara inameM zrAlekhita viSayoM kA Thakkara pheru ( 13vIM

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101 zatI) ne gaNitasAra kaumudI nAmaka grantha likhaa| unake anya grantha hai-ratna-parIkSA (132 gA.), dravyaparIkSA (149 gA.), dhAtUpati (57 gA.), bhUgarbhaprakAza aadi| yahAM yativRSabha (chaThI zatI)kI tilAyapaNNatti kA bhI ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai jisameM lekhaka ne jaina mAnyatAnusAra trilAka sambandhI viSaya ko upasthita kiyA hai| yaha aThAraha hajAra zloka pramANa grantha hai| jyotiSa viSayaka granthoM meM sUryaprajJapti, candraprajJapti Adi aMgabAhma granyoM ke atirikta kakara pheru kA jyotiSasAra (98. gA.), haribhadrasUri ko laggaddhi (133 gA.), ratnazekhara sUri (15vIM zatA) ko digasuddhi (144 gA.), hIrakalaza (saM. 1621) kA jyotissAra Adi grantha ullekhanIya haiN| nimittazAstra meM bhauma, utpAta, svapna aMga antarikSa, svara, lakSaNa, vyajana Adi nimittoM kA adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| kisI ajJAta kavi kA jayapAhuDa (378 gA.). dharasena kA joNipAhaDa, RSiputra kA nimitazAstra (187 gA.), durgadeva (saM. 1089) kA risamuccaya (261 gA.) Adi racanAeM pramukha haiN| aMgavijjA eka ajJAta kartRka racanA hai jisameM 60 adhyAyoM meM zubhAzubha nimittoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / kumANakAlAna yaha grantha sAMskRtika sAmagrI se bharA huA hai / karalakNaNa (61 gA.) bhI kisI ajJAta kavi kI racanA hai| jisameM hAtha ke lakSaNa, rekhAoM Adi kA varNana hai| vAstu-zilpa zAstra ke rUpa meM Thakkara pharu kA vAstUsAra (280 gA.) pratiSThita grantha hai jisameM bhUmiparokSA, bhUmizodhana Adi para vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI kavi kI eka anya kRti ratnaparIkSA (132 mA.) padmarAga, muktA, vidruma Adi 16 prakAra ke ratnoM kI utpatti sthAna, AkAra, varNa, guNa, doSa Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| unhoM kI dravyaparIkSA (149 gA.) meM sikkA ke malya, taula, nAma Adi para tathA dhAtutpati (57 gA.) meM pItala, tAMbA Adi dhAtunoM para tathA bhUgarbhaprakAza meM tAmra, svarNa Adi drabdha vAlI pRthvI kI vizeSatAoM para vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai| ye sabhI grantha vi. saM. 1372-75 ke bIca likhe gaye haiN| isa prakAra prAkRta sAhitya ke sarvekSaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainAcAryoM ne usakI hara vidhA ko samRddha kiyA hai| prastuta nibandha meM sthAnAbhAva ke kAraNa sabhI kA ullekha karanA to sambhava nahIM ho sakA, parantu itanA tA avazya kahA jA sakatA hai ki prAkRta jaina sAhitya lagabhaga paccIsa so varSoM se sAhitya ke hara kSetra kA apane yAgadAna se harA bharA karatA pA rahA hai| prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa aura saMsthati kA hara prAMgaNa prAkRta sAhitya kA RNI hai| usane lAkabhASA aura loka-jIvana ko aMgIkAra kara unakI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kI dizA meM AdhyAtmika cetanA ko jAgrata kiyaa| itanA hI nahIM, Adhunika sAhitya ke lie bhI vaha upajIvya bnaa| premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM ke vikAsa meM prAta jaina kathA sAhitya ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| saMskRta campU aura carita kAvya ke preraka prApata grantha hI haiN| kAvyazAstrIya siddhAntoM kA sarasa pratipAdana bhI yahAM hamA hai| darzana aura siddhAntoM se lekara bhASAvijJAna, vyAkaraNa aura itihAsa taka saba kucha prAkRta jaina sAhitya meM nibaddha hai| usake samUce yogadAna kA mUlyAMkana abhI zeSa hai|

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rAjasthAna kA prAkRta-sAhitya ; 2 -~-DaoN.premasumana jaina rAjasthAna kI sAhityika samRddhi meM prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta bhASA kI racanAoM kA mahatvapUrNa yoga hai| prAcIna granthoM kI prazastiyAM, lekha, paTTAvaliyAM Adi ke ullekha evaM rAjasthAna ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha ina bhASAoM ke grantha isa bAta ke sAkSI haiM ki jainAcAryoM ne apanA adhikAMza samaya rAjasthAna ke sAMskRtika vikAsa meM vyatIta kiyA hai12 prAkRta bhASA meM likhe gaye granthoM kA sarvekSaNa va mUlyAMkana rAjasthAna ke jainAcAryoM kI isa thAtI ko aura spaSTa karatA hai| rAjasthAna kI isa sAhityika sampadA kA eka prAmANika itihAsa prAdhamika zailI meM likhA jAnA nitAnta apekSita hai| prAkRta sAhitya ke sAhityakAroM evaM unakI racanAoM ko rAjasthAna se sambandhita batalAne meM jisa AdhArabhUta sAmagrI kA upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai vaha hai-(1) granthoM kI prazastiyAM va vRttiyoM meM rAjasthAna ke nagaroM va mandiroM kA ullekha, (2) racanAkAroM ke gaccha va guru paramparA kA rAjasthAna se saMbaMdha, (3) pratimAlekhoM, abhilekhoM va paTTAvaliyoM meM grantha va granthakAra se saMbaMdhita ullekha tathA (4) rAjasthAna kI prasiddha jAtiyoM va rAjavaMzoM se granthakAroM kA saMbaMdha paadi| ina tathyoM ke atirikta gujarAta, mAlavA evaM dillI ke prAcIna itihAsa mAdi meM bhI rAjasthAna ke racanAkAroM va prAcAryoM kA paricaya yatra-tantra upalabdha ho jAtA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jaina prAcAryoM ke bhramaNazIla hone ke kAraNa bahuta se gujarAta Adi ke granthakAroM ne bhI rAjasthAna meM racanAyeM kI haiM tathA unheM surakSita rakhA hai| isa taraha ke sabhI pramANoM ke AdhAra para rAjasthAna ke prAkRta-sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| rAjasthAna kI sAhityika paramparA yaha kaha pAnA kaThina hai ki rAjasthAna meM sarva prathama kisa bhASA meM aura kauna-sA grantha likhA gayA? isake uttara ke liye anuzruti aura upalabdha pramANoM ko jAMcanA hogaa| rAja. sthAna meM aisI manuzrati hai ki prAcIna samaya meM isa pradeza meM sarasvatI nadI bahatI thI, jisake kinAre baiThakara kabhI muniyoM ne veda kI racanAyeM evaM anya grantha likhe the| isa miya ko pramANita karanA 1. draSTavya-lekhaka kA nibandha-"rAjasthAna meM apabhraMza aura jaina saMskRta sAhitya" -jana saskRti aura rAjasthAna / 2. jana, kailAzacandra,-"jainijma ina rAjasthAna" / . zarmA, dazaratha, "rAjasthAna dhra da ejeja', bIkAnera, 1971 / - draSTavya-desAI mohanalAla dalIcanda-"jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa- 19331 .. nAhaTA agaracanda-"rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravapUrNa paramparA" 1967 /

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19 kaThina hai| punarapi sarasvatI nadI kA ullekha rAjasthAna meM prArambha se hI sAhitya race jAne kA pratIka hai| yahI bAta rAjasthAna meM upalabdha prArambhika sAhitya se phalita hotI hai| . saMskRta va prAkRta kI racanAoM meM mahAkavi mAgha kA "zizupAlavadha", prAcArya haribhadrabhUri kA "dhUrtAkhyAna" va udyotanamUri kI "kuvalayamAlAkahA" aisI prArambhika racanAeM hai jinameM unake kartA ke sAtha-sAtha unake racanA-sthaloM aura samaya kA bhI ullekha hai| ye sabhI racanAeM pAThavIM zatAbdI kI hai aura kAvya tathA zailI kI dRSTi se paryApta proDha hai / ataH inake sRjana ke pIche rAjasthAna meM sAhityika vikAsa kI eka sudRDha paSThabhUmi honI caahiye| yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki rAjasthAna meM 4-5vIM zatAbdI meM grantha likhanA prArambha ho gayA hogaa| kyoMki isa yuga meM deza meM vipula sAhitya racA jA rahA thaa| rAjasthAna ke tatkAlIna maMgaroM meM rahane vAle sAhityakAra isameM pIche nahIM rahe hoNge| jana-sAhitya kI dRSTi se yaha yuga prAgarmI para bhASya prAdi likhe jAne kA thaa| janAcArya apanI TIkAmoM meM prAkRta kA prayoga adhika kara rahe the| prAkta meM laukika kAvya Adi bhI likhe jA rahe the| ataH sambhava hai ki kisI jainAcArya ne rAjasthAna meM vicaraNa karate huye prAkRta meM grantha racanA kI ho| jainAgama ke prasiddha TIkAkAroM kA prAmANika paricaya upalabdha hone para bhI saMbhava hai ki guptayuga meM rAjasthAna meM racitta visI prApta grantha kA patA cala ske| gapta yaga meM racita aisI kucha prAkRta racanAmoM ne hI pAThavIM zatAbdI kI prAkRta racanAoM ke nirmANa meM bhUmikA pradAna kI hogii| rAjasthAna meM guptayuga ke jamAcAryoM meM prAcArya siddhasena divAkara evaM elAcArya kA cittaur3agar3ha se saMbaMdha batalAyA jAtA hai| siddhasena divAkara 5vIM zatAbdI ke bahuprajJa vidvAn the| prabhAvakacarita aura prabandhakoza meM siddhasena kI cittaur3agar3ha yAtrA ke ullekha prApta haiN| karakI padavIM unheM cittauDagaDha mahIprApta haI thii|2 prataH bahata saMbhava hai ki siddhasena kI sAhitya-racanA kA kSetra mevAra kA pradeza rahA ho| prAkRta meM likhA huA unakA 'sanmatitaka' mAmaka grantha rAjasthAna ke sAhityakAra kI prathama prAkRta racanA mAnI jA sakatI hai| digambara AcAryoM kI paramparA meM elAcArya ko 7vIM zatAbdI kA vidvAna mAnA jAtA hai| kucha vidvAn elAcArya ko kundakunda se abhinna mAnate haiN| kintu eka elAcArya kundakunda ke bAda meM bhI haye haiN| indranaMdikRta "zrutAvatAra" se jJAta hotA hai ki elAcArya citrakUTa (cittaur3agar3ha) meM nivAsa karate the| ve na zAstroM ke marmajJa vidvAn the| unake pAsa prasiddha 1. mehatA, mohanalAla-mAgamika vyAsyAeM, "jana sAhitya" kA bRhada itihAsa bhAga, 3, 19671 2. saMghavI, sukhalAla-"sanmatiprakaraNa" prastAvanA, 1963 / 3. mukhtAra, jugalakizora, "purAtana ana vAkya-sUci", prastAvanA / 4. kAle gate kiyatyapi tataH punazcitrakUTapuravAsI / zrImAna lAcAryoM babhUva siddhAnta tatvajJaH // 1761 tasya samIpe sakalaM sidAntamadhItya viirsenguruH| uparitamanibandhAnavAdhikArAmaSTaM sileva // 77m -zrAvatAra

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vidvAna vIrasena ne zAstroM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| prataH elAcArya kI upasthiti meM vicAra guptayuga meM sAhitya - sAdhanA aura vidyA kA kendra bana gayA thaa| rAjasthAna ke prAkRta ke prArambhika sAhityakAroM va vidvAnoM meM siddhasena ke bAda elAcArya ko smaraNa kiyA jA sakatA hai. jinake ziSya vIrasena ne pAThavIM zatAbdI meM prAkRta kI mahatvapUrNa racanA 'dhavalA' TIkA ke rUpa meM kI hai| prAkRta sAhitya kA kramika vikAsa rAjasthAna meM prArata-sAhitya pAThavIM zatAbdI meM paryApta samaddha ho cukA thaa| isa zatAbdI ke prasiddha vidvAna prAcArya haribhadrasari, udyotanasari, padmanandi tathA prAcArya vIrasena hai| prAcArya haribhadra kA janma cittauDa meMhA thaa| ye janma se brAhmaNa the tathA rAjA jitAri ke purohita / jaina dIkSA grahaNa karane ke bAda haribhadrasarine jana vADamaya kI apUrva sevA kI hai| inhoMne prAcIna pAgamoM para TIkAeM evaM svatantra maulika grantha bhI likhe haiN| darzana va sAhitya viSaya para ApakI vibhinna racanAoM meM prAkRta ke nimna grantha adhika prasiddha hai--samarAiccakahA, ghAkhyAna, upadezapada, dhammasaMgahaNI,yogazataka,saMbohapagaraNa aadi| haribhadrasari ne na kevala apane maulika prAkRta granthoM dvArA apitu TIkAgranthoM meM prApta ke prayoga dvArA bhI rAjasthAna meM prAkRta ke pracAra-prasAra meM apanA yogadAna diyA hai| haribhadrasUri kA samaya I. san / 700-170 mAnA jAtA hai| udyotanasari, haribhadrasari ke ziSya the| unhoMne siddhAnta granthoM kA adhyayana haribhadrasUri se kiyA thaa| udyotanasari ne apane prasiddha grantha 'kuvalayamAlAkahA' dvArA rAjasthAna meM prAkRta-kathA sAhitya ko eka nayA mor3a diyaa| unakI yaha kRti bhAratIya sAhitya meM campU vidyA kA prathama nidarzana hai / 3 I. sana 719 meM jAlaura meM kuvalayamAlA kI racanA huI thii| udadyotanasUri ne isa grantha dvArA prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA pratinidhitva viyA hai| isI zatAbdI meM prAcArya vIrasena e hai| inake janma sthAna ke saMbaMdha meM matabheda haiN| kintu inakA adhyayana kendra cittoDa thaa| prAkata ke ye prakANDa paNDita the| prasiddha jaina grantha SaTakhaNDAgama para inhoMne 'dhavalA'nAma kI TIkA likhI hai, jo 72 hajAra zloka pramANa prAkRta va saMskRta meM haiN| vIrasena kI vidvattA va pANDitya kI prazaMsA uttaravartI aneka kaviyoM ne isa zatAbdI ke prApta racanAkAroM meM padabhanandi kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| ye vIranandi kI zAkhA meM bAlamandi ke ziSya the| vi.saM. 805 meM mevADa rAjya ke bArAnagara meM ApakA janma humaayaa| padmanandi kI 'paMcaviMzati', 'jambadvIpapaNNatti' tathA 'dhammarasAyaNa' prAkRta 1. jIvanI ke liye draSTavya-saMdhvI 'samadarzI prAcArya haribhadra' 1963 / 2. draSTavya-zAstrI, nemicandra, 'haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya kA mAlocanAtmaka pari zIlana / 3. upAdhye, e. ena.--'kuvalayamAlAkahA-bhUmikA / 4. lekhaka kA prabaMdha-'kuvalayAmAlAkahA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana' 1975 / 5. jaina, jyotiprasAda, rAjasthAna ke sabase prAcIna sAhityakAra-vIravANI, apraila, 1966 /

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21 kI mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM hai| ina racanAoM kA dharma-darzana ke kSetra meM kAphI prabhAva rahA hai| isa prakAra pAThavIM zatAbdI ke ina cAroM prAkRta sAhityakAroM ne rAjasthAna meM prAkRta-sAhitya ko paryApta samaddha kiyA hai| pUrva madhya yuga rAjasthAna meM 9-10vIM zatAbdI meM prAkRta ke adhika sAhityakAra nahIM huye| yaha saMskRta bhASA meM pANDitya-pradarzana kA yuga thaa| siSi kI 'upamitibhavaprapaMcakayA' isakA pramukha udAharaNa hai| yadyapi isa yuga ke TIkAkAroM ne prAkRta kA prayoga apanI racanAmoM meM kiyA hai| 9vIM zatAbdI ke prAkRta racanAkAroM meM jayasiMhasari pramakha hai| inhoMne 'dharmopadezamAlA' para 5778 zloka pramANa eka vivaraNa likhA hai, jo vi.saM. 915 meM nAgaura meM pUrNa huaA thaa| isameM 156 kathAyeM prAkRta meM dI gayI hai|2 gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM rAjasthAna meM prAkata-sAhitya kI paryApta samRddhi huI hai| jinezvarasUri isa samaya ke prabhAvazAlI AcArya the| inakA kArya-kSetra gujarAta, mAlavA, mevADa aura mAravAr3a rahA hai| inhoMne mAravAr3a ke DiNDavAnaka gAMva meM prAkRta meM 'kathAkoSa-prakaraNa' kI racanA kI thii| vi. saM. 1086 meM jAlaura meM 'caityavandana vivaraNa' inhoMne likhA thaa| inake atirikta bhI 2-3 racanAeM aura inakI prAkRta meM haiN|3 isI zatAbdI meM dhanazvarasUri ne candrAvatI (prAbU) meM 'surasundarIcariya' prAkRta meM likhaa| durgadeva ne kuMbhanagara (bharatapura) meM 'riTThasamuccaya' grantha kI racanA prAkta meM kI 14 buddhisAgara ne jAlaura meM paMcagranthI' grantha prAkRta meM rcaa| mahezvarasUri kI jJAnapaMcamIkahA bhI isI zatAbdI kI racanA hai| isa zatAbdI ke prasiddha va vi dhanapAla kA bhI rAjasthAna (sAMcaura) se saMbaMdha rahA hai, jinhoMne prAta meM pAiyalacchInAmamAlA' grantha kI racanA kI hai|5 gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM prAvata sAhitya ko samRddha karane vAloM meM na micandrasUri kA pramukha sthAna hai| prAcArya pada prApta karane ke pUrva inakA nAma devendragaNi thaa| inhoMne kaI prAkRta grantha likhe haiN| vi. saM. 1129 meM inhoMne uttarAdhyayana kI sukhabodha TIkA likhI, jisameM kaI prAkRta kathAyeM haiN| vi. saM. 1140 meM inhoMne prAkRta meM 'mahAvIra cariyaM' likhaa| tathA 1. zAstrI nemicanda-prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA pAlocanAtmaka itihAsa, pR. 2391 2. mehatA, mohanalAla, 'jana sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa,' bhAga 4, pR. 1961 3. muni jinavijaya, 'kathAkoSa prakaraNa', bhuumikaa| 4. zAha, ambAlAla pre. 'jana sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa' bhAga 5 (lAkSaNika sAhitya) pR. 2021 5. 'satyapurIyamaMDana-mahAvIrotsAha' meM ullekha /

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lagabhaga vi. saM. 1122-1140 ke bIca meM inhoMne 'rayaNacUDarAyacariyaM' kI racanA kI / grantha DiDila va sanniveza meM prArambha kara unhoMne caDDAvalipurI meM isa pUrA kiyA thA / / hotA hai ki candrasUri kA kAryakSetra gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna donoM thA 12 22 madhya yuga AcArya hemacandra 11-12 vIM zatAbdI ke bahuzruta vidvAn the / prAkRta-sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI unakA pUrva yogadAna hai / kintu unakA kAryakSetra gujarAta hI rahA hai / rAjasthAna meM bhramaNa kara unhoMne prAkRta meM kisI grantha kI racanA kI ho aisA ullekha prApta nahIM hai / 3 zrataH hemacandrAcArya kI prAkRta racanAoM ko yahAM sammilita nahIM kiyA hai / yaha pratIta rAjasthAna meM bArahavIM zatAbdI meM bhI aneka prAkRta grantha likhe gaye haiM / kharataragaccha ke prAcAryoM ne jaina sAhitya kI pUrva sevA kI hai| abhayadevasUri navAMgIvRttikAra ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiM / inakI 30 racanAoM meM se 19 racanAyeM prAkRta kI haiM / ApakA rAjasthAna va gujarAta meM vicaraNa hotA rahatA thaa| jinavallabhasUri kI 17 racanAeM prAkRta meM upalabdha haiN| vi. saM. 1167 meM inheM cittaur3a meM AcArya pada milA thA / nAgaura, marukoTa, vikramapura zrAdi meM Apane sAhitya-sRjana kiyA hai 14 jinadattasUri kA kAryakSetra rAjasthAna bhI thA / imakI 10-12 racanAyeM prAkRta meM upalabdha haiM 15 jinacandrasUri ne jAlaura meM 'saMvega raMgazAlA' prAkRtagrantha likhA thA / lakSmaNagaNino I. san 1142 meM mANDalagar3ha meM 'supAsanAhacariyaM' kI racanA kI thii| varddhamAnasUra kA 'AdinAtha carita' isa zatAbdI kI pramukha racanA hai| mar3atA meM madhArI hemacandrasUri ne bhavabhAvanA ( upadezamAlA ) kI racanA kI thI / yaha inakI prasiddha prAkRta racanA hai 17 guNacandramaNi isa zatAbdI ke pramukha racanAkAra hai / 'kahArayaNakosa' aura 'pAsanAhacariyaM' inakI prasiddha prAkRta racanAyeM haiM / terahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM rAjasthAnI va gujarAtI bhASA kA vikAsa prArambha ho gayA thA / ataH prAkRta apabhraMza kI apekSA prAdezika bhASAoM meM sAhitya likhA jAne lagA thaa| phira bhI prAkRta kI racanAyeM rAjasthAna meM likhI jAtI rahIM / bhinnamAla kula meM utpanna zrAsa kavi ne vi. saM. 1248 meM 'vivegamaMjarI' nAmaka prAkRta grantha likhA / devendrasUri ne AbU kSetra meM vicaraNa karate huye 'sudaMsaNAcariyaM' evaM ' kaNhacariyaM' nAmaka 1. DiDilavanivese pAraddhA saMTiThaeNa sammattA / caDDAvallipurIe esA phaggaNacaummAse // 22 // 2. desAI - jaM. sA. saM. i. 3. bAMThiyA, kastUramala, 'hemacandrAcArya jIvana carita' 1967 | 4. 'maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri smRti grantha, pR. 201 mAhaTA: 'dAdA jinadattasUri' / 6. desAI - jaM. sA. saM. i., pR. 2751 7. jaina, jagadIzacandra, 'prAkRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' pU. 5051 5.

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prAkRta granthoM kI racanA kii|1. marukoTa ke nivAsI nemicandra bhaNDArI ne isa zatAbdI meM 'SaSTizataka' nAmaka prAkRta grantha likhA / ye bhaNDArI gRhastha lekhaka the| kharataragaccha ke jainAcAryoM se prabhAvita the| caudahavIM zatAbdI ke prAkRta granthakAroM meM Thakkara pheru kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| Thakkara phera kalaza zreSThI ke pautra ora candra zrAvaka ke putra the| vadhaMdhakula meM haye the aura kannANapura meM rahate the| dillI meM bAdazAha alAuddIna ke yahAM ye khajAMcI rahe haiM 13 inake vaMza Adi ke AdhAra para inheM rAjasthAna kA svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| Thakara pheru ne aneka lAkSaNika granthoM kI racanA kI hai| inake vAstusAra', 'gaNitasAra kI mudI', 'jyotissAra' Adi grantha prAkRta meM hai| ___15-16vIM zatAbdI meM bhI rAjasthAna meM prAkRta kI racanAyeM likhI jAtI rahI haiN| jimabhadrasUri, (kuMbhalamera), navaraMga (vIramapura), munisundara (sirohI), jinaharSagaNi (cittaur3a), rAjamalla (nAgaura), jayasoma (jodhapura) Adi aneka jainAcAryoM ne isa zatAbdI meM mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM likhI haiN| jinasattari, vidhikandalI, aMgalasatarI, rayaNasehara kahA, chaMdovidyA Adi prAta racanAyeM unameM pramukha haiN| divAkaradAsa kI 'gAthAkoSa saptazatI', hIrakalaza kA 'jyAtiSasAra', zubhacandrasUri kA 'cintAmaNivyAkaraNa', sAdhuraMga kI 'karma vicArasAra prakaraNa' Adi 17vIM zatAbdI kI prAkRta racanAyeM haiN|4 meghavijaya upAdhyAya evaM upAdhyAya yazovijaya Adi ne 18vIM zatAbdI meM bhI prAkRta ke grantha likhe haiN| kintu 15vIM zatAbdI ke bAda rAjasthAna meM prAta-sAhitya kI vaha samRddhi nahIM rahI jo madhyayuga ke pUrva meM thii| prAkRta racanAmoM ke viSaya rAjasthAna kI ina prAkRta ra vanAoM meM viSaya ko vividhatA hai| bhAratIya sAhitya kI zAyada hI aisI koI vidhADo jA rAjasthAna ke ina prAkRta sAhityakAroM kI lekhanI se achAtI rahI ho| kAvya, kathA, carita, campa, koza, vyAkaraNa, chaMda, alaMkAra prAdi aneka viSayoM kI prAkRta racanAeM yahAM upalabdha haiN| dharma va darzana ko pratipAdita karane vAlI bhI saikar3oM racanAeM prAkRta meM likhI gaI hai| vyaMgya-hAsya evaM naitika AdarzoM ko pratipAdita karane vAle prAkRta granthoM kI kamI nahIM hai| rAjasthAna meM vikasita prAkRta ko zatAdhika racanAmoM meM se kucha pratinidhi granthoM kA sakSipta mUlyAMkana yahAM prastuta hai / 1. kathA-grantha: prAkRta meM kathA-sAhitya sabase adhika samRddha hai| pahalI zatAbdI se prAkRta kathAoM kI racanA prArambha ho gayI thii| rAjasthAna meM prAcArya haribhadra kA prAkRta kathA sAhitya paryApta - - - - - - - - - - - 1. jaina, prA. sA. i., pu. 5611 2. mehatA, je. sA. ba. i., bhAga 4, pR. 211 / 2. zAha, ja. sA. bu..bhAga 5, pR. 242 / * daSTavya-zAha, ja. sA, bu. i., bhAga 51

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samRddha hai| 'samarAicvakahA' eva dhUtAkhyAna' ke atirikta unhoMne apane TIkA granthoM meM bhI aneka prAkRta kathAoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| samarAiJcakahA yaha grantha prAkRta kathAoM kI aneka vizeSatAoM se yukta hai| isameM ujjaina ke rAjakumAra samarAditya ke nI bhavoM kI kathA vaNita hai| pUrva janma meM samarAditya guNasena thA aura usakA mitra thaa-agnishrmaa| kinhIM kAraNoM se agni zarmA ne guNa zarmA ko apanA apamAna karane vAlA mAna liyA / ataH vaha usase nirantara badalA lene kI yojanA banAtA rhaa| yaha pratizodha kI bhAvanA ina dAnoM vyaktiyoM ke nau janmoM taka calatI rhii| haribhadra naM kathA meM itanA kautUhala banAye rakhA hai ki pAThaka kathA par3ata samaya prAtmavibhAra ho uThatA hai| pramukha kathA kI aneka avAntara kathAe vibhinna viSayoM para prakAza DAlatI haiN| vastutaH yaha kathA sadAcArI evaM durAcArI vyaktiyoM ke jIvana-saMgharSa kI kathA hai / deza, kAla aura vAtAvaraNa ke anusAra jana-jIvana se aneka pAtra isa kathA meM ubhara kara sAmane aate|| unake caritra vibhinna vargoM kA pratinidhitva karate hai| kathAkAra ne isameM aneka pratIkoM kA prayAga kiyA hai| kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se isa kathA meM aneka manorama citra haiN| bANabhaTTa kI 'kAdambarI' ne jA sthAna saMskRta meM pAyA hai 'samarAiccakahA' kA sAhityika dRSTi se vahI sthAna prAkRta-sAhitya meM hai| 'samarAicakahA' prAcIna bhArata ke sAMskRtika jIvana kA jItA-jAgatA udAharaNa hai| samAja,dharma, zikSA, kalA Adi aneka viSayoM kI prabhUta sAmagrI isameM upalabdha hai| videzoM se samudrayAnA ke kaI prasaga isameM varNita hai| prAkRta meM gadya evaM padya meM likhI huI yaha kathA mAnavajIvana ke usa carama lakSya kA bhI nirUpaNa karatI hai, jA vyakti ko isa saMsAra ke punarAgamana saM mukti dilAtA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM madhubindu kA dRSTAMta bar3e sundara DhaMga se isa kathA meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / laghukathAyeM haribhadra ne apanI dazavakAlika TIkA meM tIsa evaM upadezapada meM lagabhaga 70 prAkRta kathAyeM dI hai| inameM se kucha kathAyeM ghaTanA-pradhAna tathA kucha caritra-pradhAna hai| kucha kathAoM meM buddhi kA camatkAra hai tA kucha kathAyeM pAThakoM kA svastha manoraMjana karatI haiN| nIti evaM upadeza-pradhAna kathAyeM bhI haribhadra ne likhI hai| buddhi camatkAra kI eka laghu kathA draSTavya hai-- koI eka gAr3IvAna apanI gAr3I meM anAja bharakara evaM gAr3I meM tItara kA piMjar3A bAMdhakara zahara meM anAja becane aayaa| zahara ke Thaga ne usase tItara ke dAma puuche| gAr3IvAna ne sahajabhAva se kahA---'do krssaapnn'| Thaga na isa saude kA gavAha banAkara vaha tItara kA piMjar3A anAja se bharI gAr3I sameta dA karSApaNa meM kharIda liyaa| gAr3IvAna baloM ko lekara gAMva lauTane lgaa| tabhI zahara ke eka sajjana vyakti ne use eka upAya btaayaa| tadanusAra vaha gAr3IvAna apane 1. zAstrI, haribhadra kI prAkRta kathAmoM kA bhAcocanAtmaka pariNIvana, vaizAlI / . bAbI, pA, gA, pAka, pR. 426 /

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bailoM ko lekara phira usa Thaga ke pAsa gayA aura bolA--'Apa ina boM ko kharIda lo| inake badale mujhe do pAlI sattu de do| kintu vaha sattu ApakI bhAryA ke dvArA hI luuNgaa|' dasa saude kA bhI gavAha banAkara gAr3IvAna kI bAta isaliye mAna lI ki do pAlI satta meM baila mila jaayeNge| kintu jaba usakI bhAryA gADIvAna ko sattu dane AyI to gADIvAna 'vAlA dAtha pakaDa kara apane ghara le jAne lgaa| Thaga ke dvArA virodha karanA vAna ne kahA ki tuma pijar3e kI kImata dekara jaba merI pUrI gAr3I le sakate ho to maiM bhI jo satta ko liye huye hai aisI tumhArI patnI ko le jAtA hUM / isa taraha ke aneka kathAnaka haribhadra ke prAkRta sAhitya meM upalabdha haiN| unhoMne na kevala lokabhASA ko Age bar3hAyA hai, apitu loka-jIvana ko bhI apane granthoM meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| haribhadra kI prAkRta kathApro kI ye pravRttiyAM uttaravartI prAkRta kathA-granthoM meM bhI parilakSita hAtI hai / jJAnapaMcamIkahA madezvarasari sajjana upAdhyAya ke ziSya the| inakA rAjasthAna se kyA saMbaMdha thA vaha inakI kRtiyoM se spaSTa nahIM hotaa| isa nAma ke ATha prAcArya huye haiN| inakI garuparamparA rAjasthAna meM vikasita huI hai| inakA yaha 'jJAnapaMcamIkahA' grantha bhI rAjasthAna meM paryApta prasiddha rahA hai| saMbhavataH vi. saM. 1109 ke pUrva isa grantha kI racanA ho cukI thI / jJAnapaMcamIkahA meM zrutapaMcamIvrata kA mahAtmya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / yaha vrata sukha-samaddhi ko dene vAlA hai yaha bAta kathA ma kahI gayI hai| kathA ke nAyaka bhaviSyadatta ke videza cale jAne para usakI mAM kamalazrI zrutapaMcamI vrata karatI hai| phalasvarUpa bhaviSyadatta sakuzala apAra sampatti ke sAtha ghara lauTatA hai| isa mukhya kathA ke sAtha isa grantha meM anya nau avAntara kathAya aura haiN| inameM sat aura asat pravRttiyoM vAle vyaktiyoM ke cAritika saMgharSa ko sundara DhaMga se nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| kathAoM meM paurANika puTa spaSTa najara AtA hai| lokoktiyoM kA acchA prayoga huA hai| yathA "mAi gaDeNa ciya tassa visaM dijjae ki v|" (jo gur3a dene se maratA hai use viSa dene se kyA ?) nirvANa lIlAvatIkathA isa kathA grantha ke racayitA jinezvarasUri rAjasthAna ke prasiddha sAhityakAra the| gujarAta meM bhI mApane grantha likha hai| isa grantha kI racanA vi. saM. 1090 ke lagabhaga AzApallI nAmaka sthAna meM huI thii| yaha pUrI kathA prAkRta padyoM meM likhI gayI thI jo isa samA upalabdha nahIM hai| isa prAkRta grantha kA saMskRta bhASAntara upalabdha hai| isase patA calatA hai ki mala prAkRta grantha meM 1. dezAI-ja. sA. saM. i. anu kramaNikA, pa. 861 / 2. jaina, prA. sA. i., pR. 440 / 3. muni jinavijaya 'kathAkoSaprakaraNa' kI bhUmikA /

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26 krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hiMsA Adi vikAroM ke janma-janmAntaroM meM prApta hone vAle phaloM kA varNana hai| isa grantha meM kAvya tathA kathA tatva kI apekSA upadeza tatva kI pradhAnatA hai| isa samaya taka prAkRta kathAoM kA itanA adhika pracAra ho cukA thA ki svatantra kathA granthoM ke sAtha-sAtha prAkRta ko kathAoM ke koSa-grantha bhI rAjasthAna meM likhe jAne lage the| nirvANalIlAvatIkathA ke lekhaka kA hI 'kathAkoSa-prakaraNa' nAmaka grantha prAkRta meM upalabdha hai| kathAkoSa-prakaraNa yaha grantha kahArayaNakosa' nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| isake mUla meM 30 gAthAeM hai, jinakI vyAkhyA karane meM jinazvarasUri ne 36 mukhya evaM 4-5 avAntara kathAeM prAkRta meM nibara kI haiN| yaha grantha vi. saM. 1108 meM mAravAr3a ke DiNDivAnaka nAmaka gAMva ke zrAvakoM ke anurodha para likhA gayA hai / lekhaka ne sarasa kathAoM ko subAdha prAkRta gadya meM prastuta kiyA hai| yatra-tana saMskRtaapabhraMza ke padya bhI upalabdha haiN| isa grantha meM saMgrahIta kathAoM meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika sthiti, jana-svAbhAva, rAjatantra evaM dhArmika saMgaThanoM kA sundara citraNa huA hai| nItikathAoM kA ye kathAeM pratinidhitva karatI hai| saMgItakalA Adi ke mahatvapUrNa sandarbha isa grantha meM haiN| kahArayaNakosa isa kathA-koSa ke racayitA gaNacandragaNi haiM , jo jinezvarasUri kI ziSya-paramparA meM sumativAcaka ke ziSya the| kharataragaccha ke ina prAcAryo kA kArya-kSetra rAjasthAna rahA hai / ataH guNacandragaNi (devabhadrasUri) kA bhI rAjasthAna se sambandha mAnA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi inakI racanAeM gujarAta meM adhika likhI gayI hai| kahArayaNakosa kI racanA vi. saM. 1158 meM bharukaccha nagara ke munisuvrata caityAlaya meM kI gayI thii| isa grantha meM kula 50 kathAeM haiN| sabhI kathAeM rocaka evaM jIvana ke prAdarza ko upasthita karane vAlI hai / inameM vibhinna prakAra ke caritna hai, jA lekhaka kI sRjanAtmaka pratibhA ke dyotaka hai| yaha grantha tatkAlIna saMskRti kA bhI paricAyaka hai| prAkRta gadya-padya meM ise likhA gayA hai| apabhraMza evaM saMskRta kA prayoga bhI yatna-tanahA hai| AkhyAnamaNikoza usake racayitA namicandrasUri hai| inake anya granthoM se jJAta hotA hai ki ye rAjasthAna va gajarAta meM vicaraNa karate the| prAbU ke nikaTa candrAvatI meM bhI inhoMne grantha likhe haiM / isa AkhyAnamaNikoza meM dharma ke vibhinna aMgoM ko hRdayaMgama karAne vAlA upada5 prada 146 ladh kathAeM saMkalita hai| AmradevasUrina I. saM. 1134 meM isa grantha para TIkA likhA hai| mUla grantha evaM TIkA donoM prAkRta meM hai| isa grantha kI kathAe mAnava-svabhAva ke vibhinna rUpoM ko upasthita karatI hai| upakoza aura tapasvI kA pAkhyAna vyakti ke mAnasika dvandva kA acchA citra upasthita karatA hai| kaI 1. muni jinavijaya, ka. pra. bhUmikA / 2. jaina, prA. sA. i., pR., 448 /

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27 AkhyAna parIkathA ke tatvoM se samAhita haiM / / subhASitoM kA grantha meM acchA prayoga huA hai| yathA uppayau gayaNamaggajau kasiNattaNa payAseu / / taha vi hu gobbara IDo na pAyae bhamaracaniyAI // rayaNaseharIkahA yaha kathA grantha 15 vIM zatAbdI meM jinaharSasUri dvArA cittaur3a meM likhA gayA thA / naharSa saMskRta aura prAkRta ke prakANDa paNDita the| unakI yaha kathA prAkRta kathA sAhitya kI sundara prema kathA hai| jAyasIkRta padmAvata kA ise pUrva rUpa kaha sakate haiM / __ kathA kA nAyaka ratnazekhara ratnapura kA rahane vAlA hai / usake mantrI kA nAma matisa.gara hai| eka bAra rAjA kinnara-dampati ke vArtAlApa meM siMhaladvIpa kI rAjakumArI ratnAvalI kI prazaMsA sunatA hai| use pAne ke lie vyAkula ho uThatA hai| usakA mantrI matisAgara joginI kA rUpa dhAraNakara ratnAvalI ke pAsa jAtA hai| use vara-prApti kA upAya batalAte hae kahatA hai ki tumhAre yahAM ke kAmadeva ke mandira meM jo tumhAre mArga kA rokegA vahI tumhArA pati hogaa| mantrI lauTakara ratnazekhara ko ratnAvali ke pAsa le jAtA hai| unakA kAmadeva mandira meM milana hone ke bAda vivAha ho jAtA hai| rAjA ratnazakhara apane nagara meM lauTakara parva ke dinoM meM brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai| isase usake loka-paraloka donoM sudhara jAte haiN| isa taraha yaha kathA mAnava prema ke sAtvika svarUpa ko upasthita karatI hai| isameM kAma ke sthAna para prema ko pradhAnatA dI gayI hai, jo jIvana meM apUrva Ananda kA saMcAra karatA hai| isa kathA meM eka upanyAsa ke samasta tatva aura guNa vidyamAna haiN| kathA meM gadya va padya donoM kA prayoga sarasa zailI meM hugrA hai| grantha meM kaI sUktiyAM prayukta huI haiN| yathA vara-kanyA kA ucita saMyoga milanA loka meM durlabha hai"varakannA saMjogI aNusariso dullaho loe" jisake ghara meM yuvA kanyA ho use saiMkar3oM cintAeM rahatI hai"ciMtA sahassa bharipro puriso sabvovi hoi aNuvarayaM / juvvaNa-bhara-bhariaMgI jassa ghare vahae kannA / " viraha kA dukha bar3A kaThina hai"diNa jAyai jaNavattaNI puNa rattaDI na jAI" / 1. zAstrI, prA. sA. prA. i. pR. 503 / 2. vahI pR. 510 /

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28 isa taraha rAjasthAna ke prAti-pranthoM meM kathAgranthoM kI adhikatA hai / bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya prAta kI ina kathAoM se prabhAvita hayA hai| ina kathAnoM ke aneka abhiprAya anya bhASAoM kI kathAoM meM upalabdha hote haiM / / prAkRta kI ye kathAeM dharma aura naitika AdarzoM se jur3I huI hai| yadyapi inameM kAvya tatvoM kI kamI nahIM hai| 2. prAkRta campU-kAvya: prAkRta sAhitya meM padya evaM gadya kI svatantra racanAeM upalabdha hai| kathA evaM carita granthoM meM padya evaM gadya kI mizrita zailI bhI prayukta huI hai| kintu bhAratIya sAhitya meM jise campU vidhA ke nAma se jAnA gayA hai, usakA pratinidhitva prAkRta meM udyotanasUri kI kuvalayamAlA kahA hI karatI hai| saMsthata evaM prAkRta ke anya campU kAvya kuvalayamAlA ke bAda hI likhe gaye haiN| kuvalayamAlAkahA AcArya udyotanasUri 8vIM zatAbdI ke bahuzruta vidvAna the| unakI eka mAtra kRti kuvalayamAlA hA unake pANDitya evaM sarvatomukhI pratibhA kA niSkarSa hai| udyotanari ne na kevala siddhAnta-granthoM kA mahana adhyayana aura manana kiyA thA, apitu bhAratIya sAhitya kI paramparA aura vidhAnoM ke bhI ve jJAtA the| siddhAnta, sAhitya aura loka-saMs,ti ke sundarasAmaMjasya kA pratiphala hai--unakI kuvalayamAlAkahA / kuvalayamAlA kI racanA jAbAlipura (jAlaura) meM vi. saM. 835 I. sam 179 meM huI thii| udyotanasUri ne vahAM ke RSabha jinezvara ke mandira ke upAsare meM baiThakara isa grantha ko likhA thaa| usa samaya raNahastin vatsarAja kA vahAM rAjya thaa| isa taraha itanI prAmANika sUcanAeM isa graMtha meM hone se isakI sA~skRtika sAmagrI bhI mahatvapUrNa hogayI hai| udyotanasUri ne isa grantha meM krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha evaM moha jaise vikAroM ko pAtroM ke rUpa meM upasthita kiyA hai| ina pAMcoM kI pramukha kathAoM ke sAtha kuvalayacandra aura kuvalayamAlA ke pariNaya, dIkSA grAdi kI kathA bhI isameM varNita hai| kula 27 avAntara prAkRta kathAeM isameM haiN| bhAratIya loka-kathAoM kA pratinidhitva kuvalayamAlA kI kathAoM dvArA hotA hai| kavalayamAlAkahA rAjasthAna kI prAkRta racanAoM meM kaI daSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM prathama bAra kathA ke bheda-prabhedoM meM saMkIrNa kathA ke svarUpa kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, jisakA udAharaNa yaha kRti svayaM hai| krodha Adi amUrta bhAvoM ko prabhAvazAlI rUpa meM prastuta karane se kuvalayamAlA ko bhAratIya rUpakAtmaka kAvya-paramparA kI jananI kahA jA sakatA 1. lekhaka kA nibandha--'pAli-prAkRta kathAoM ke abhiprAya-"eka adhyayana" ---rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 11, aMka 1-3 2. jAvAliuraM aTThAvayaM va aha viraiyA taNa / -NimmaviyA bohikarI bhavvANa hou savvANaM / / / -kuva. 282, 21-23

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isakI kathAvastu karmaphala, punarjanma evaM mUla vattiyoM ke parizodhana jaisI sAMskRtika vicAradhArAoM para AdhArita hai| pAThavIM zatAbdI ke sAmAjika-jIvana kA yathArtha citra isa kRti meM samAhita hai| samAja kI samRddhi tatkAlIna vyApAra evaM vANijya ke vistAra para AdhArita thI, jisakA sUkSma vivecana isameM huA hai| 1 ___ isa kRti kI apratima upayogitA isakI bhASAgata samRddhi ke kAraNa hai / 2 saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM paizAcI ke svarUpa ko sodAharaNa isameM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 18 dezoM (prAntoM) kI bhASA ke namUne pahalI bAra isa grantha meM prastuta kiye gaye hai| na kevala bhASA apitu pratyeka prAnta ke logoM kI pahivAna evaM unake svabhAva prAdi kA varNana bhI kuva. meM apanA mahatva rakhatA hai| mAravADa ke vyApAriyoM kA varNana karate hae kavi kahatA hai ki mAruka loga bAMke, susta, jar3a baddhivAle, adhika bhojana karane vAle tathA kaThora evaM moTe aMgoM vAle the| ve "appAM-tuppAM' (hama tuma) jaise zabdoM kA uccAraNa kara rahe the| yathA-- baMke jaDe yA jaDDe baha-bhoi kaThiNa-pINa-sUNaMge / "appA tuppAM" bhaNire graha pecchai mArue tatto // (kuva. 153-3) AThavIM zatAbdI ke dhArmika-jagat kA vaividhyapUrNa citra kuva. meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai / usa samaya ke 32 mata-matAntaroM kI vyAkhyA udyotanasari ne jaina dharma ke pariprekSya meM kI hai / zikSA evaM kalA ke kSetra meM usa samaya ke zikSaNa-saMsthAna kitane mahatvapUrNa the, isakI jAnakArI bhI isa grantha meM milatI hai| 3 kUvanayamalAna kevala sAMskRtika apitu kAvyAmaka dRSTi se bhI eka utkRSTa kRti hai| gadya evaM paya meM nibaddha kaI varNana bar3e manohArI haiN| saMdhyAvarNana evaM lakSmI varNana isake prasiddha hai| lakSmI aura nArI ke svabhAvoM kA sundara citraNa nimna' gAthA meM draSTavya hai prAliMgiyaM pi maMcai lacchI purisaM ti sAhasa-vihaNaM / gotta-kkhalaNa-vilakkhA Niyavva daiyA Na saMdeho / / (kuva. 66-19) kuva. meM aneka nIti-vAkyoM kA prayoga hayA hai| kucha sUktiyAM bar3I saTIka haiN| yathA-- "mA appaya pasaMsaha jai vi jasaM icchase vimalaM / " ( 43-32) (yadi vimala yaza kI AkAMkSA hai to apanI prazaMsA mata karo) "ja kuMbhArI sUyA lohArI kiM dhayaM piyau" (kumhArI (strI) ke prasUtA hone para luhArina (strI) ko ghI pilAne se kyA ) 1. jaina, prema sumana-"kuvalayamAlAkahA kA sAMskRtika adhyayana" vaizAlI 1975 2. upAdhye, e. ena., kuvalayamAlA, iNTroDakzana 3. jAmakheDakara, kuvalayamAlAkahA : e kalcarala sTaDI, nAgapura, 1974

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30 campUvidhA meM kuvalayamAlAkahA ke atirikta koI anya svatantra racanA prAkRta meM nahIM hai / yadyapi gadya-padya meM kaI prAkRta caritra grantha likhe gaye haiN| 1 3. vyaMgya kathA-dhUrtAkhyAna - . rAjasthAna meM racita prAkRta sAhitya meM 'ghUrtAkhyAna' vyaMgopahAsa zailI meM likhI gayI anUThI racanA hai| prAcArya haribhadra ne ise cittauDa meM likhA thaa| 2 samarAiccakahA meM haribhadra na kAvya-pratibhA kA pradarzana kiyA hai to dhUrtAkhyAna meM ve eka kuzala upadezaka ke rUpa meM pragaTa hue haiN| isa kathA meM haribhadra ne purANoM aura rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata jaise mahAkAvyoM meM pAyI jAne vAlI kathAoM kI aprAkRtika, avaijJAnika aura abauddhika mAnyatAoM tathA pravattiyoM kA kathA ke mAdhyama se nirAkaraNa kiyA hai| dhUrtAkhyAna kA kathAnaka sarala hai| yaha pAMca dhUrtaziromaNi mUlazrI, kaMDarIka, elASADha, zaza aura khaMDayANA kI kathA hai| cAra puruSa aura eka nArI khaMDayANA isa kathA ke mUla saMvAhaka hai| inameM se pratyeka dhUrta asaMbhava aura kAlpanika apanI kathA kahatA hai| dUsare dhUrta usakI kathA ko prAcIna granthoM ke udAharaNa dekara sahI siddha kara dete haiN| anta meM khaMDayANA apanA anubhava sumAtI hai taruNa avasthA meM meM atyanta rUpavatI thI / eka bAra meM Rtu-snAna karake maMDapa meM so rahI thii| tabhI mere lAvaNya se vismita hokara pavana ne merA upabhoga kiyA / usase turanta hI mujhe eka putra utpanna huA aura vaha mujhase pUchakara kahIM calA gyaa| yadi merA ukta kathana asatya hai to Apa cAroM loga hamAre bhojana kA prabandha kareM aura yadi merA anabhava satya hai to isa saMsAra meM koI bhI strI aputravatI na honI caahiye| kyoMki pavana (havA) ke samAgama se sabako putra ho sakatA hai / mUla zrI nAmaka dhUrta ne khaMDayANA ke isa kathana kA samarthana mahAbhArata Adi ke uddharaNa dekara kiyaa| haribhadra jaina paramparA ko mAnane vAle the| ataH unhoMne vaidika paramparA meM pracalita kAlpanika kathAoM evaM abauddhika dhAraNAoM kA nirasana karanA cAhA hai| kathAkAra ne svayaM ina mAnyatAoM para sIdhA prahAra na kara kathA ke pAtroM dvArA vyaMga zailI meM unakI nissAratA upasthita kI hai| sRSTi kI utpatti, pralaya,brahmA-viSNa-maheza kI asvAbhAvika kalpanA, agni Adi kA vIryapAna, RSiyoM kI kAlpanika kArya-praNAlI, andhavizvAsa Adi aneka mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana isa prantha dvArA inA hai| kintu zailI isa prakAra kI hai ki pAThaka grantha ko upanyAsa jaisI ruci se paDha sakatA hai| sarvatra kautUhala banA rahatA hai| hAsya-vyaMga kI isa ana pama kRti se prAcArya haribhadra kI maulika kathA-zailI parilakSita hotI hai| dhAkhyAna kI isa zailI ne Age calakara dharmaparIkSA jaisI mahatvapUrNa vidhA ko vikasita kiyA hai / 1. zAstrI, prA. sA. A. ha., pR. 3371 2. cittauDadugga sirIsaMThiehiM sammattarAya rattehi / ___ sucaritra samUha sahiyA kahiyA esA kahA muvraa|| 3. upAdhye, 'dhUrtAkhyAna' bhUmikA / 4. draSTavya lekhaka kA nibandha--'kuvalayamAlA meM dhammaparIkkhA abhiprAya --jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, 1975

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4. carita - kAvyaH -- 31 prAkRta kAvyoM meM kathA -granthoM ke atirikta caritra grantha bhI likhe gaye haiM / caritra kAvyoM ke mUla srota jaina Agama grantha haiM / unake pramukha mahApuruSoM ke caritroM ko lekara ina kAvya-granthoM kI racanA kI hai| prAkRta ke caritra - kAvyoM meM kathA evaM nIti donoM sAtha-sAtha calatI hai / pramukha caritroM ke atirikta jana-jIvana ke vyaktiyoM ko bhI caritra ina graMthoM meM sammilita haiN| rAjasthAna prAkRta sAhityakAroM ne 10-15 caritra granthoM kI racanA vibhinna sthAnoM meM kI hai / kucha pramukha caritakAvyoM kA paricaya draSTavya hai / sirivijayacaMda kevalicariya zrI abhayadevasUri ke ziSya candraprabha mahattara na e vi. saM. 1127 meM devAvaDa nagara meM vIradeva ke anarodha para isa carita kI racanA kI thI / vijayacandra ke kevalajJAna kI prApti taka kI kathA lekhaka ko apanI kalpanA zakti se prasUta huI hai tathA bAda meM jinapUjA ke mahAtmya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / jitendra deva kI pUjA jina dravyoM se karanI cAhie una sabake sambandha meM eka-eka kathA isa carita kAvya meM hai / kathAoM kA svatantra mahatva bhI hai| vastutaH bhakti mArga kA pratipAdana AlaMkArika bhASA meM kathAoM ke mAdhyama se isa carita grantha meM kiyA gayA hai / surasundarIcariyaM sUra ke ziSya sAdhu dhanezvara ne vi. saM. 1095 meM caDDAvali ( AbU ) nAmaka sthAna meM isa grantha kI racanA kI thI / yaha eka premakathA hai| surasundarI aura makaraketu kI isa praNaya- kathA ko kavi na e itane sundara DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai ki dhArmika varNanoM kA bojha hI pratIta nahIM hotA / sArI kathA, nAyikA ko cAroM aura ghUmatI hai / caritoM ke manovaijJAnika vikAsa ko prastuta karane meM tathA kAvyAtmaka varNanoM kI chaTA dikhAne meM dhanezvarasUri ko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai / viraha se saMtapta hue puruSa kI upamA kavi ne bhADa meM bhUje jAte hue cane ke sAtha dI hai- 'bhaTThiyo viya sayaNIye kIsa taDaphaDasi' eka sthAna meM kahA gayA hai ki rAga ka e na hone se sukha evaM rAgayukta hone se du:kha prApta hotA hai- 1. zAstrI, prA. sA. i., pR. 308-101 2. deyarasvaranayare risahajiNaMdassa maMdire raiyaM / niyavIradeva sIsassa sAhuNo tassa vayaNeNaM / -- prazasti, 151 3. caDDAvalipuriTTiyo sa guruNo prANAe pADhaMtarA / kAsI vikkama-vaccharammi ya gae bANaMka sunnoDuye // mAse bhaT gurumma kasiNo vIyA dhaNiTThAdine // su. ca. 16-250-51

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32 tAvacciya paramasahaM jAva na rAgo maNammi uccharai / haMdi!sarAgammi maNa dukkhasahassAIpavisati / / isa carita-kAvya kI bhASA para apabhraMza kA prabhAva hai| samasta kAvya prauDha evaM udAratta zailI meM likhA gayA hai| rayaNacUDArAyacariyaM isake raciyatA AcArya nemicandra hai / inhoMne isa kAvya ko gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna donoM pradezoM meM bhramaNa karate huye pUrA kiyA thaa| prAkRta gadya meM racita yaha dharmapradhAna kathA hai / isa carita-kAvya me nAyaka ratnacUDa kA sampUrNa carita varNita hai| usake carita kA vikAsa kisa krama se huyA hai, isakA kAvyAtmaka varNana isa grantha meM hai / manobhAvoM kA yahAM sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai| ghaTanAkrama meM pUrvajanma kI ghaTanAeM vartamAna jIvana ke carita kA sphoTana karatI hai| avAntara kathAoM kA saMyojana bhI sundara DhaMga se huA hai| isa kathA meM nAyaka ne jo nAyikA ko patra likhA hai, vaha bahuta mArmika hai|2 kAvya ke vastu varNana prazaMsanIya haiN| sudaMsaNAcariya yaha caritakAvya devendrasUri kA likhA huA hai| inhoMne arba dagiri para sUripada prApta kiyA thaa| ataH rAjasthAna prApakA kAryakSetra rahA hogaa| isa grantha meM sudarzanA rAjakumArI ke jIvana kI kathA hai / vaha aneka vidhAoM va kalAoM meM pAraMgata hokara zramaNadharma meM dIkSita hotI hai / avAntara kathAoM dvArA usake jIvana ke vikAsa ko uThAyA gayA hai| zIla kI kAvya meM pratiSThA hai| kavi jIvana kI tIna viDambanAmoM ko ginAtA hai takka vihUNo vijjo, lakkhaNahINo ya paMDino loe| bhAvavihUNo dhamma) tiNNivi garui viDambaNayA // aMjanAsundarI carita rAjasthAna meM kevala puruSa kaviyoM ne hI nahIM, apitu sAdhviyoM ne bhI prAkRta meM racanAeM likhI hai| jinazvarasUri kI ziSyA guNasamRddhi mahattarA ne prAkRta meM aMjanAsundarI carita kI racanA kI thii| isa grantha kI racanA jaisalamera meM huI thii| 504 zloka pramANa isa grantha meM mahasatI aMjanA kA jIvana-carita sarasa zailI meM varNita hai| 1. DiDilavanivese pAraddhA saMhieNa sampattA / caDDAvallipurIe esA phagguMNacaumbhAse // ra. ca., prazasti, 22 2. zAstrI, prA. sA. A. i., pR. 348 3. jaina, prA. sA. i., pR. 561 4. dezAI, jai. sA. saM. i., pR. 438

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33 gaNadharasAddhazataka ___ isake racayitA jinadattasUri rAjasthAna ke prabhAvazAlI sAhityakAra hai / inako cittor3a meM vi. saM. 1169 meM prAcAryapada milA tathA ajamera meM vi. sa. 1211 meM inakA avasAma huaa| inakI 9-10 racanAeM prAkRta meM haiN| gaNadharasArddhazataka unameM se eka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra se lekara jinavallabhasUri taka ke prAcAryoM kA guNAnavAda isa kRti meM hai|| yadyapi carita evaM kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha kRti praur3ha nahIM hai, kintu isakI aitihAsika upayogitA hai| ina caritagranthoM ke atirikta prAkRta meM aura bhI caritakAvya pAye jAte haiM jinakI racanA gujarAta evaM rAjasthAna ke jainAcAryoM ne kI hai / devendrasUri kA kaNhacariyaM, nemicandra vRta mahAvIracariyaM, zAMtisUrikta pRthvIcandra carita, jinamANikyakRta kUrmAputracarita prAdi unameM pramukha haiN| 5. dhArmika va dArzanika granthaH-- vaise to jainAcAryoM dvArA racita sabhI granthoM meM dharma va darzana kA samAveza hotA hai| kAvya, carita, kathA zrAdi granthoM meM adhyAtma kI bAta kahI jAtI hai| kintu prAkRta ke ina granthakAroM ne kucha grantha dharma va darzana ke lie pratipAdana ke lie hI likhe haiN| prAgamika TIkA Adi granthoM ke atarikta isa kSetra ke nimna grantha prAkRta kI mahatvapUrNa upalabdhi kahe jA sakate haiN| sammaisutta prAcArya siddhasena divAkara kA'sammaisUtta' prAkRta bhASA meM likhA gayA darzana kA pahalA grantha hai| isameM naya, jJAna, darzana Adi kA saMkSapa vivecana hai| artha kI jAnakArI naya jJAna se hI ho sakatI hai, isa bAta ko prAcArya ne jora dekara kahA hai| yaha grantha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparA meM mAnya hai| 5-6 vIM zatAbdI meM likhA gayA yaha grantha ho sakatA hai, rAjasthAna kA prathama prAkRta grantha ho / yogazataka pAThavIM zatAbdI meM prAcArya haribhadra ne rAjasthAna meM dharma va darzana sambandhI granthoM kA prAkata meM praNayana kiyA hai| unameM yogazataka (jogasayaga) pramukha hai| isa grantha meM yoga kA lakSaNa yogI kA svarUpa, AtmA-karma kA sambandha, yoga kI siddhi Adi aneka dArzanika tathyoM ko nirUpaNa hai| 1. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri smRtigrantha, pR. 23 2. saMghavI, sukhalAla dvArA sampAdita evaM jJAnodaya TrasTa ahamadAbAda se 1963 1 prakAzita / 3. mehatA, jai. sA. bR. i., bhAga 4, pR. 234

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14 dharmopadezamAlA-vivaraNa isakI racanA jayasiMhasUri ne vi. saM. 915 meM nAgaura meM kI thii| gadya-padya mizrita isa grantha mai kavi ne dhArmika tatvajJAna ko prastuta karane ke lie kathAeM prastuta kI hai| dAna, zIla, tapa kI pratiSThA ina kathAoM ke dvArA hotI hai| bhava-bhAvanA maladhArI hemacandrasUri ne vi. saM. 1170 meM mer3atA aura chatrapallI meM rahakara bhavabhAvanA (upadezamAlA) aura usa para svApajJavRtti kI racanA kI thii| grantha meM 531 gAthAoM meM -12 bhAvanAoM kA varNana hai / vRtti meM aneka prAta kathAe gaMphita hai| sAMskRtika iti se unakA bar3A mahatva hai| aneka subhASita isa grantha meM upalabdha hai| vipatti ke Ane ke pahilehI usakA upAya sAcanA caahiye| ghara meM Aga lagane para kAI kuMpA nahIM khoda sktaa| yathA paDhamaM pi pAvayANaM citayavvo nareNa paDiyAro / nahi gehammi palite avaDaM khaNiu tarai koI / / hemacandrasUri kI dUsarI mahatvapUrNa racanA upadezamAlA yA puSpamAlA hai| isameM zAstroM ke anasAra vividha dRSTAnto dvArA karmoM ke kSaya kA upAya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| tapa mAhira svarUpa eva indriya-nigraha sambandhI vizeSa jAnakArI isameM dI gayI hai| saMvegaraMgazAlA isake racayitA jinacandrasUri rAjasthAna ke prasiddha vidvAn the| unhoMne zAntarasa se bharapara isa saMvegaraMgazAlA kI racanA vi. saM. 1125 meM kI thii| isameM dasa hajAra tirepana gAthAnoM saMvegabhAva kI mahattA pragaTa kI gayI hai|4 kahA gayA hai ki jisake saMvegabhAva nahIM hai usakI bAko saba tapasyA Adi bhUse ke samAna nissAra hai-- 'jaino saMvegarasA tA taM tusakhaMDaNaM savvaM / ' vivekamaMjarI mahAkavi zrAvaka pAsar3a ne vi. saM. 1248 meM viva kamaMjarI kI racanA kI thii| isa grantha meM vivaka kI mahimA batalAyI gayI hai tathA mana kI zuddhi kI preraNA dI gayI hai| isameM 12 bhAvanAoM kA bhI varNana hai| isa grantha kI racanA kavi ne apane putra zoka meM abhayadevasari ke upade se kI thii| - 1. nAhaTA, rA. sA. go. pa. pR., 17 2. jaina, prA. sA. i., pR. 505 3 jaina, prA. sA. i., pR. 514-15 4. gAMdhI, lAlacanda bhagavAna,-'saMvegaraMgazAlA ArAdhanA' -ma. jina. smRtigrantha, pR. 14-15 5. mehatA-jaM. sA. bR. i., bhAga 4, pR. 216 6. desAI-ja. sA. saM. i, pR. 3389

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SaSTizata 35 isake racayitA nemicandra bhaNDArI mAravADa ke maroTa gAMva ke nivAsI the / unhoMne 161 gAthAoM meM isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| isa racanA meM jaina gRhastha va sAdhu ke zithila prAcAra kI kaThora AlocanA kI gayI hai / isameM sadguru evaM sadAcAra ke svarUpa kA bhI pratipAdana hai / vivekavilAsa isa kRti ke racayitA jinadattasUri haiM / inhoMne jAbAlipura ke rAjA udayasiMha kI ka 'putra dhanapAla ke saMtoSa ke lie isa grantha ko likhA thA / 2 isa grantha ke 12 ullAsoM meM mAnava jIvana ko naMtika aura dhArmika banAna ke lie sAmAnya niyamoM kA pratipAdana hai / igator saMgraha AcArya vIranaMdi ke ziSya padmanaMdi ne isa grantha kI racanA vArAMnagara ( koTA ) meM kI thI / isakA racanAkAla 11vIM zatAbdI honA cAhie / isa grantha meM 2389 gAthAeM haiM, jinameM jaina bhUgola ke paricaya ke sAtha hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda kI AcArya paramparA dI gayI hai / padma'mAya' nAma kA eka aura prAkRta grantha upalabdha hai| isameM 193 gAthAoM meM dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / 4 inake atirikta anya dhArmika grantha bhI prAkRta meM rAjasthAna meM likhe gaye haiM / ye parimANa choTe aura kisI vizeSa uddezya kI pUrti ke liye hI likhe jAte the / jIvasattarI, aMgu lasattari, pravacanaparIkSA, dvAdazakulaka, karma vicAra-prakaraNa, caityavandanakulaka, vizikA, saMdeha dolAvali, avasthAkulaka Adi isI prakAra kI dhArmika ravanAe haiN| bhASA evaM viSaya kI dRSTi se inakA apanA mahatva hai / 6. lAkSaNika granthaH --- rAjasthAna ke prAkRta sAhityakAroM ne kAvya evaM dhArmika granthoM ke atirikta koza, vyAkaraNa, chanda, jyotiSa Adi para bhI prAkRta meM grantha likha haiN| isase pratIta hotA hai ki jainAcArya jIvanopayogI pratyeka viSaya para prAkRta meM grantha likhate the / lokabhASA ke vikAsa meM unakA yaha apUrva yogadAna hai / pAiyalacchI nAmamAlA dhanapAla ne saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza ina tInoM bhASAoM meM racanAeM likhI haiM / unakI 'pAiyalacchI nAmamAlA' prAkRta kA prasiddha koza grantha hai / isakI racanA unhoMne apanI choTI 1. mehatA, jai. sA. bR. i., bhAga 4, pu. 211 2. vahI, pR. 217 3. premI, nAthUrAma, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pR. 259 4. jaina prA.sA. i., pR. 315-16

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38 bahina sundarI ke lie vi. saM. 1059 meM kI thii| isa grantha meM 279 gAthAeM haiM jinameM 998 prAkRta zabdoM ke paryAya diye gaye haiN| isa koza meM prAkRta zabda tathA dezI zabda bhI saMgrahIta haiN| gramara ke lie bhasala, iMdidara, dhuagAya jaise dezI zabdoM kA isameM prayoga hai| sundara ke lie 'laLaM' tathA pAlasI ke lie 'maTTha' zabda prayukta hue haiN| riTThasamuccaya 'riTThasamuccaya' ke kartA prAcArya durgadeva digambara sampradAya ke vidvAn the| inhoMne vi. saM. 1089 meM kumbhanagara (kuMbheragaDha, bharatapura) meM isa grantha ko samApta kiyA thaa| yaha grantha unhoMne 'maraNakaraMDiyA' nAmaka grantha ke AdhAra para likhA hai, jisameM maraNa-sUcaka aniSTa cinhoM ) kA vivecana hai| grantha meM kula 261 prAkRta gAthAeM haiN| piMDastha, padastha aura rUpastha ye tIna prakAra ke riSTa isa grantha meM batAye gaye haiN| grantha meM svapna viSayaka jAnakArI bhI dI gayI hai tathA vibhinna praznoM dvArA bhI vyakti ke maraNa kI sUcanA prApta karane kA isameM vidhAna hai|' (riSTo arghakANDa durgadeva ne agdhakaMDa' nAma kA eka grantha prAkRta meM likhA hai| isa grantha se yaha patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki kauna-sI vastu kharIdane se aura kauna-sI vastu becane se lAbha ho sakatA hai| isa grantha kA sambandha jyotiSa se hai| jyotiSasAra hIrakalaza 16vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAnthe / bIkAnera evaM jodhapura rAjya meM inakA vicaraNa adhika huaahai| nAgaura ke Deha nAmaka sthAna meM inakA dehAnta huA thA 14 inhoMne vi. saM. 1621 meM 'jyotissAra' kI racanA prAkRta meM kI thii| isameM do prakaraNa hai| isa grantha kI prati bambaI ke mANikacandra bhaNDAra meM hai| isa prAkRta grantha kA sAra horakalaza ne rAjasthAnI bhASA ke 'jyotiSahIra' nAmaka grantha meM diyA hai| audAryacintAmaNi vyAkaraNa isake racayitA mani zrutasAgara hai| ye ubhaya bhASA cakravartI yAdi upAdhiyoM se vibha Sita evaM vidhAnaMdi ke ziSya the| vi. saM. 1575 meM inhoMna 'paudAryacintAmaNi vyAkaraNa 1. zAstrI, prA. sA. pA. i., pR. 537-38 2. zAha, ja. sA. bR. i. bhAga 5, pR. 202-203 3. vahI, pR. 222 nAhaTA, 'rAjasthAnI bhASA ke eka bar3e kavi hIrakalaza' -zodhapaMjikA varSa 7, graMka 4 5. zAha, ja.sA.ba.i. bhAga 5, pR. 186 6. sArAbhAI nabAba, ahamadAbAda dvArA prakAzita / 7. zAha, ja. sA. bR. i., bhAga 5, pR. 74

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37 kI racanA kI thI / isakI pUrNa pANDulipi prApta hai / adhyAya haiM / prAyaH hemacandra aura trivikrama ke prAkRta vyAkaraNoM cintAmaNi vyAkaraNa isameM prAkRta bhASA viSayaka chaha kA isameM anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai / bhaTTAraka zubhacandrasUri ne vi. saM. 1605 meM isa grantha kI racanA kI thI / isameM kula 1224 sUtra haiM / hemacandra ke prAkRta vyAkaraNa kA isameM anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai / isa grantha para lekhaka kI svopajJavRtti bhI hai / 3 chaMdovidyA kavi rAjamalla ne 16 vIM zatAbdI ma 'chaMdovidyA' kI racanA rAjA bhAramalla ke liye kI thI / bhAramalla zrImAlavaMza kA evaM nAgaura kA saMdhAdhipati thA / ataH rAjamalla bhI rAjasthAna se sambandhita rahe hoMge / rAjamalla kA chaMdovidyA nAmaka grantha saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura hindI meM nibaddha hai / prAkRta apabhraMza kA isameM adhika prayoga huA hai / yaha grantha chandazAstra ke sAtha hI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kI dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / chaMdakoza 7. chaMdakoza ke racayitA ratnazekharasUri 15 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the / nAgapurIyatapAgaccha se thA / ataH inakA kAryakSetra bhI rAjasthAna ho sakatA hai / 74 padya haiN| 46 padya apabhraMza meM evaM zeSa prAkRta meM haiM / kaI prAkRta chaMdoM kA lakSaNa isa grantha meM diyA gayA hai| 5 inakA sambandha chaMdakoza meM kula prAkRta ke zilAlekha :--- rAjasthAna meM prAkRta bhASA kA pracAra dharma-prabhAvanA evaM sAhitya taka hI sImita nahIM thA apitu prAkRta meM zilAlekha Adi bhI yahAM likhe jAte the / jodhapura se 20 mIla uttara kI ora ghaTayAla nAma ke gAMva meM kakkuka kA eka prAkRta zilAlekha utkIrNa hai / yaha zilAlekha vi. saM. 918 meM likhAyA gayA thA / isameM jaina maMdira prAdi banavAna e kA ullekha hai / 23 gAthAoM meM yaha zilAlekha hai 16 isase jJAta hotA hai ki kakkuka pratihAra rAjA ne apane sadAcaraNa se mAravADa, mADavalla tamaNI evaM gujarAta Adi ke logoM ko anurakta kara rakhA thA / yathA maru mADavalla-tamaNI parikA-majjagujjarattAsu / jaNi jena jaNANaM saccaritraguNehi praNudAho // 16 // 1. e nalas Apha bhaMDArakara oriyaNTala risarca insTITyUTa bhAga 13, pR. 52-53 1 zAha, vahI, pR. 74 1 2. 3. upAdhye, e. ena. e. bha. pro. ri. i., vahI, pR. 46-521 4. zAha, vahI, pR. 138 1 5. zAha, vahI, pR. 149 | 6. mUla prAkRta evaM hindI anuvAda ke lie draSTavya-zAstrI, prA. sA. zrI. i., pR. 255-570

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8. Adhunika prAkRta-sAhitya: rAjasthAna meM prAkRta granthoM ke lekhana kA kArya vartamAna yuga meM bhI cala rahA hai| prAcIna prAkRta granthoM kA sampAdana, anuvAda, prakAzana Adi kAryoM ke atirikta jaina muni svatantra prAkRta racanAeM bhI likhate haiN| gujarAta meM vihAra karate hue mUrtipUjaka AcArya vijayakastUrasUri ne vi. saM. 2027 meM 'pAiyabinnANakahA' nAmaka pustaka prAkRta meM likhI hai / isake do bhAgoM meM prAkRta kI 108 kathAeM likhI gayo haiN| Adhunika zailI meM likhI gaI ye kathAeM sarala aura subodha haiN| terApantha sampradAya ke maniyoM ne bhI prAkRta meM racanAeM likhI haiN| zrI candanamuni ne bIdAsara, cUrU Adi sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karate hue prAkRta meM 'rayaNavAla kahA' 'jayacariaM' evaM 'NIIdhamma-suttIyA' granthoM kI racanA kI hai| inameM ravaNavAlakahA bahuta sundara aura Adhunika kathA grantha hai| varSAkAla kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai samatya-jIvaloa-tattiNivArayo, NANAviha taru-layA-puSpha-phala-gumma-vicitta-taNosahiuppAyago, Niujala-paesegajIvaNAhAro, hAliehiM aNimisadiTThIe diTThiA ciraM vihIriyo ubhUmo pAusino kAlo (ra. ka. pR. 68) muni zrI nathamala jI ne 'tulasImaMjarI' ke nAma se prAkRta vyAkaraNa prakriyA kI bhI racanA kI hai jo ki abhI taka aprakAzita hai : 9. rAjasthAna ke grantha-bhaNDAroM meM prAkRta grantha: rAjasthAna ke prAkRta sAhitya kA sampUrNa paricaya taba taka pUrA nahIM ho sakatA jaba taka yahAM ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha prAkRta granthoM kA vivecanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta na kiyA jaay| grantha-bhaNDAroM kI jo sUciyAM prakAzita hai unase tathA grantha-bhaNDAroM ke avalokana se isa pradeza ke prAkRta granthoM kA paricaya taiyAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| tabhI jJAta hogA ki rAjasthAna ke muniyoM,zrAvakoM, rAjAoM Adi ne prAkRta sAhitya ke vikAsa meM kitanA yogadAna kiyA hai| 1. nemivijJAna kastUrasUri jJAna maMdira, gopIpurA, sUrata se prakAzita / 2. bhagavata prasAda raNachor3adAsa, paTela sosAyaTI (zAhIbAga) ahamadAbAda se prakAzita

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rAjasthAna ke prAkRta sAhityakAra : 3 - devendra muni zAstrI AcArya haribhadra haribhadrasUri rAjasthAna ke eka jyotirdhara nakSatra the| unakI prabala pratibhA se bhAratIya sAhitya jagamagA rahA hai| unake jIvana ke sambandha meM sarvaprathama ullekha " kahAvalI" meM prApta hotA hai / itihAsavijJa use vikrama kI bArahavIM zatI ke AsapAsa kI racanA mAnate haiM / usameM haribhadra kI janma-sthalI ke sambandha meM "pibaMguI baMbhapuNI " aisA vAkya milatA hai, jabaki anya aneka sthaloM para cittaur3a- citrakUTa kA spaSTa ullekha hai / paNDita pravara zrI sukhalAlajI kA abhimata hai ki bambhapuNI brahmapurI cittauDa kA hI eka vibhAga rahA hogA, athavA cittaur3a ke sannikaTa kA koI kasbA hogA / unake mAtA kA nAma gaMgA aura pitA kA nAma zaMkarabhaTTa thA / sumatigaNI n "gaNavara sArvazataka" meM haribhadra ko jAti brAhmaNa batAI hai / prabhAvaka caritra meM unheM purohita kahA gayA hai / " AcArya haribhadra ke samaya ke sambandha meM vidvAnoM meM vibhinna mata the / kintu purAtatvavettA muni zrI jinavijaya jI ne prabala pramANoM se yaha siddha kara diyA ki vIra saM. 757 se 827 taka unakA jIvana kAla hai / aba isa sambandha meM kisI bhI prakAra kA matabheda nahIM rahA hai| unhoMne vyAkaraNa, nyAya, darzana aura dharmazAstra kA gambhIra adhyayana kahAM para kiyA thA isakA ullekha 1. pATaNa saMghavI ke pAr3e ke jaina bhaNDAra kI vi. saM. 1497 kI likhita tADapatrIya pothI khaNDa 2, patra 300 1 2. (ka) upadeza pada, zrI municandrasUri kI TIkA vi. saM. 1174 | (kha) gaNaghara sArghazataka zrI sumatigaNi kRta vatti / (ga) prabhAvaka caritra 9 zrRMga (vi. saM. 1334) (gha) rAjazekhara kRta prabandhakoSa vi. saM. 1405, pR.601 3. samadarzI AcArya haribhadra, pu. 6 / 4. saMkaro nAma bhaTo, tassa gaMgA nAma bhaTTiNI / tIsa haribhaddo nAma paMDiyo putto / kAlI patra 300 1 5. evaM so paMDitagavva muvvahamANo haribhaddo nAma mAhaNo / 6. prabhAvaka caritra zuMga 9, zloka 8 / 7. jaMba sAhitya saMzodhaka varSa 1 aMka 11

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sauM milatA hai| eka bAra cittaur3a ke mArga se jA rahethaM unake karNa-kuharoM meM eka gAthA 1 gAthA prAkRta-bhASA kI thI, saMkSipta aura sakata-pUrNa artha lie hue thI ataH usakA marma unakI samajha meM nahIM aayaa| unane gAthA kA pATha karane vAlI sAdhvI se usa gAthA ke artha ko jAnane kI jijJAsA vyakta kii| sAdhvI ne apane guru jinadatta kA paricaya kraayaa| prAkRta sAhitya kA aura jaina-paramparA kA prAmANika va gambhIra abhyAsa karana ke liye unhoMna prAcArya ke pAsa jainendrIdIkSA grahaNa kI aura usa sAdhvI ke prati apane hRdaya kA ananta zraddhA ko usakA dharmapata apaneprApako batAkara vyakta kI hai| ve gRhasthAzrama meM saMskRta bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita the| zramaNa banane para prAkRta bhASA kA bhI gaharAI se adhyayana kiyaa| unhoMne dazarvakAlika,Avazyaka nadI pranayogaTAra. pannavaNA, adhiniyaM kti, caityavandana, jambudvIpa-prajJapti. jIvAbhigamana niyaMkti prAdi AgamoM para saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAeM likhiiN| Agama sAhitya ke prathama TIkAkAra unhoMne prAkRta bhASA meM vipula sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA hai| saMskRta bhASA ke samAna unakA prAkRta bhASA para bhI pUrNa adhikAra thaa| unhoMne dharma, darzana, yoga tathA jyotiSa aura stuti prajAti sabhI viSayoM meM prAkRta bhASA meM grantha likhe haiN| jaise upadeza pada, paMcavasta. paMcAzaka. bIsa SAME IS-dharma-vidhi prakaraNa, sambodha prakaraNa, dharmasaMgrahaNI, yoga vizikA, yogazataka, dhUrtAkhyAna, samarAicca kahA, lagnazuddhi, lagna kuNDaliyAM Adi / samarAhaccakahA, prAkRta bhASA kI eka sarvazreSTha kRti hai| jo sthAna saMskRta sAhitya meM kAdambarI kA hai bahI sthAna prAkRta sAhitya meM samarAiccakahA kA hai| yaha jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta meM likhI gaI hai, aneka sthaloM para zaurasenI bhASA kA bhI prabhAva hai| vRttakkhANa' haribhadra kI dUsarI ullekhanIya racanA hai| nizItha caNi kI pIThikA meM dhartAkhyAna kI kathAeM saMkSepa meM milatI haiN| jinadAsagaNi mahattara ne vahAM yaha sUcita kiyA hai ki vizeSa jijJAsu dhutAkkhAna dekheN| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jinadAsagaNi ke sAmane dhUtAkkhANa kI koI prAcIna racanA rahI hogI jo aAja anupalabdha hai| prAcArya haribhadra ne nizIyacUNi ke AdhAra se prastuta grantha kI racanA kI hai| grantha meM purANAM meM varNita atiraMjita kathAnoM para karAre vyaMga karate hae usakI sArthakatA siddha kI hai| bhAratIya kathA-sAhitya meM zailI kI daSTi se prastuta kathA kA mUrdhanya sthAna hai| lAkSaNika zailI meM isa prakAra kI anya koI bhI racanA upalabdha nahIM hotii| yaha sAdhikAra kahA jA sakatA hai, vyaMgopahAsa kI itanI zreSTha ra vanA anya kisI bhI bhASA meM nahIM hai| dhUrtoM kA vyaMga prahAra dhvaMsAtmaka nahIM apitu nirmANAtmaka hai| kahA jAtA hai ki AcArya haribhadra ne 1444 granthoM ko racanA kI thI kintu ve sabhI grantha Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| DA. harmana jaikobI, lAyamAna vintanitsa, pro. suvAlI ora zabriga prabhati aneka pAzcAtya vicArakoM ne haribhadra ke granthoM kA sampAdana aura anuvAda bhI kiyA hai| aura unake sambandha meM prakAza bhI DAlA hai jisase bhI unakI mahAnatA kA sahaja hI patA laga sakatA hai| 1. cakkiduMga hari-paNagaM, paNagaM cakkINa kesavo cakkI / kesava cakkI, kesava ducakkI _kesI acakkI a|| Avazyaka nirya kta gAthA 4211 2. dhamato yAkinImahattarAsUnuH / 3. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana bambaI se prakAzita / .. dekhiya, DA. harmana jaikobI ne samarAicca kahA kA sampAdana kiyaa| suvAlI ne yogadRSTi samuccaya, yoga bindu, lokatatvanirNaya evaM SaDdarzana samuccaya kA sampAdana kiyA paura lokatatva nirNaya kA iTAliyana meM anuvAda bhii||

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udyotanasUri udyotana sUri zvetAmbara paramparAka eka viziSTa medhAvI santa the| unakA jIvanavRtta vistAra se nahIM miltaa| unhoMne vIrabhadrasUri se siddhAnta kI zikSA prApta kI thI aura haribhadrasUri se yuktizAstra kii| kuvalayamAlA prAkRta sAhitya kA unakA eka anupama grantha hai| gadyapadya mizrita mahArASTrI prAkRta kI yaha prasAda-pUrNa racanA campU zailI meM likhI gaI hai| mahArASTrI prAkRta ke sAtha isameM paMzAcI, apabhraza va dezI bhASAoM ke sAtha kahIM-kahIM para saMskRta bhASA kA bhI prayoga hayA hai| prema aura zragAra ke sAtha vairAgya kA bhI sundara prayoga hA hai| subhASita. mArmika praznottara,prahelikA Adi bhI yatra-tatra dikhalAI detI haiM jisase lekhaka ke vizAla adhyayana va sUkSma dRSTi kA patA lagatA hai| grantha para bANa kI kAdambarI, trivikrama kI damayantI kathA, aura haribhadrasUri ke samarAicca kahA kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| prastuta grantha IsvI san 779 meM jAbAlipura jisakA vartamAna meM nAma jAlaura hai, meM pUrNa kiyA gayA thA / jina zvarasUri jina zvarasUri ke nAma se jana-sampradAya meM aneka AcArya hue hai| prastuta AcArya kA ullekha dhanezvarasUri , abhayadeva' aura guNacandra ne yugapradhAna ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| jinezvarasUri kA mukhya rUpa se vihAra sthala rAjasthAna, mAlavA aura gajarAta rahA hai| inhoMne saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM bhASAoM meM racanA kii| usameM haribhadra kRta aSTaka para vRtti, paliMgI prakaraNa, voracaritra, nirvANa-lIlAvatI kathA, SaT-sthAnaka prakaraNa, aura kahANaya-kosa mukhya haiN| kahANaya kosa meM tIsa gAthAyeM haiM aura prAkRta meM TIkA hai, jisameM chattIsa pramukha kathAeM hai| kathAoM meM usa yuga kI samAja, rAjanIti aura AcAra-vicAra kA sarasa citraNa kiyA gayA hai| samAsa yukta padAvalI, anAvazyaka zabdADambara aura alaMkAroM kI bharamAra nahIM hai| kahIM-kahIM para apabhraMza bhASA kA bhI prayoga huA hai| unakI nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA bhI prAkRta bhASA kI zreSTha racanA hai| unhoMne yaha kathA saM. 1082 aura saM. 1095 ke madhya meM banAI hai| padalAlitya, zleSa aura alaMkAroM se yaha vibhUSita hai| prastuta grantha kA jinaratnasUri racita saMskRta zlokabaddha bhASAntara jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra meM upalabdha huA hai / mUla kRti abhI taka anupalabdha hai / prAkRta bhASA meM unakI eka anya racanA 'gAthA kosa' bhI milatI hai| 1. siMghI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI vi. saM. 2005 saM. muni vijaya jii| 2. tuMgamalaMgha jiNa-bhavaNa-mahAharaM sAvayAula visamaM / jAvAliuraM aThThAvayaM va aha atthi puhiie| kavalayamAlA prazasti pRSTha 282 prakAzaka-siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bhAratIya vidyAbha vana, bambaI vi. saM. 2005 sa. muni jinavijaya jI / 3. surasundarI caritna kI aMtima prazasti gA. 240 se 248 4. bhagavatI, jJAtA, samavAyAMga, sthAnAMga aupapAtika kI vRtiyoM meM prazastiyAM 5. mahAvIra caritra prazasti /

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mahezvarasUri 42 mahezvarasUri pratibhA sampanna kavi the / ve saMskRta - prAkRta bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita the / inakA samaya I. san 1052 se pUrva mAnA gayA hai / " NANa paMcamI kahA " | inakI eka mahatvapUrNa racanA hai / isameM dezI zabdoM kA abhAva hai / bhASA meM lAlitya hai / yaha prAkRta bhASA kA zreSTha kAvya hai / mahezvarasUri sajjana upAdhyAya ke ziSya the / 2 jinacandrasUri jinacandra jinezvarasUri ke ziSya the / apane laghu gurubandhu abhayadeva kI abhyarthanA ko sanmAna dekara 'saMvega raMgazAlA' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI / racanA kA samaya vi. saM. 1125 hai / navAMgI TIkAkAra abhayadeva ke ziSya jina-vallabhasUri ne prastuta grantha kA saMzodhana kiyaa| savegabhAva kA pratipAdana karanA hI grantha kA uddezya rahA hai / grantha meM sarvatra zAnta rasa chalaka rahA hai / janaprabhasUra jinaprabhasUri vilakSaNa pratibhA ke dhanI AcArya the / unhoMne 1326 meM jaMna dIkSA grahaNa kI aura prAcArya jinasiMha ne unheM yogya samajha kara 1341 meM AcArya pada pradAna kiyA / dillI kA sultAna mohammada tugalaka bAdazAha inakI vidvattA aura inake camatkArapUrNa kRtyoM se atyadhika prabhAvita thA / inake jIvana kI aneka camatkArapUrNa ghaTanAyeM prasiddha haiM / kAtantra vibhramavRtti, zreNika caritra-dvayAzraya kAvya vidhimArgaprapA Adi aneka grantha banAye | vividhatIrthakalpa prAkRta sAhitya kA eka sundara grantha hai / zrIyuta agaracand bhimata hai ki 700 stotra bhI inhoMne banAye / ve stotra saMskRta, prAkRta, dezya bhASA ke atirikta phArasI bhASA meM bhI likhe haiM / vartamAna meM inake 75 stotra upalabdha hote haiM / nemicandrasUriH nemicandrasUri vRhadgacchIya udyotanasUri ke praziSya the aura prAmradevasUri ke ziSya the / prAcArya pada prApta karane ke pUrva inakA nAma devendragaNi thA / mahAvIra cariya unakI padyabaddha racanA hai / vi. sa. 1141 meM unhoMne prastuta grantha kI racanA kI / isake atirikta "akkhANa maNikosa" (mUla), uttarAdhyayana kI saMskRta TIkA, Atmabodha kulaka prabhUtti inakI racanAeM prApta hotI haiM / 1. sampAdaka DA. amRtalAla sabacanda gopANI, prakAzaka- siMdhI jaina granthamAlA bambaI san 1949 2. dopakkhujjoyakaro dosAsaMgeNa vajjino zramazra / siri saMjjaNa ujjAzrA prauvvacaMduvva prakkhatyo || sIseNa tassa kahiyA dasa vi kahANA ime u paMcamie / sUri mahesaraeNa bhaviyANa bohaNaTThAe // NANa. 3. siMdhI jaina granthamAlA, bambaI se prakAzita | 101496-497

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43 guNapAla muni maniye zvetAmbara paramparA ke nAilagacchIya vIrabhadrasuri ke ziSya athavA praziSya the| jaMbacariya-1 unakI zreSTha racanA hai / grantha ko racanA kaba ko isakA saMketa granthakAra ne nahIM kiyA hai, para grantha ke sampAdaka muni zrI jinavijayajI kA yaha abhimata hai ki grantha gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM yA usase pUrva likhA gayA hai| jaisalamera ke bhaNDAra se jo prati upalabdha huI hai vaha prati 14 vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI likhI huI hai| jambucariyaM kI bhASA sarala aura subodha hai| sampUrNa graMtha gadya-padya mizrita hai| isa para 'kuvalayamAlA' grantha kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| yaha eka aitihAsika satya tathya hai ki kuvalaya-mAlA ke racayitA udadyotanasarine siddhAntoM kA adhyayana vIrabhadra nAma ke prAcArya ke pAsa kiyA thaa| unhone vIrabhadra ke lie likhA dinna jahiccha-phalo avaroM kapparUkkhovva' / gaNa-pAla ne apane guru pradyumnasUri ko vIrabhadra kA ziSya batalAyA h| guNapAla ne bhI pariciMtiya dinna phalo prAsI so kapparukkho' aisA likhA hai| jo uddyotanasUri ke vAkya-prayoga ke sAtha mela khAtA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki uddyotanasUri ke siddhAnta-guru vIrabhadrAcArya aura guNapAla muni ke praguru vIrabhadrasUri ye donoM eka hI vyakti hoNge| yadi aisA hI hai to guNapAla muni kA astitva vikrama kI 9 vIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa hai| - guNapAla muni kI dUsarI racanA 'risidatA cariya' hai| jisakI apUNa prati bhANDArakara prAcyavidyA saMzodhana mandira, pUnA meM hai| samayasundara gaNiH samayasundara gaNi ye eka variSTha meghAvI santa the| taka, vyAkaraNa, sAhitya ke ye gaMbhIra vidvAna the unakI adabhata pratibhA kodekhakara baDe-baDe vidvAnoM kI aMgalI bhI dAtoM tale laga jAtI thii| saM. 1649 kI eka ghaTanA hai| bAdazAha akabara ne kAzamIra para vijaya vaijayantI phaharAne ke lie prasthAna kiyaa| prasthAna ke| ziSTa vidvAnoM ko eka sabhA huii| samayasundara jo ne usa samaya vidvAnoM ke samakSa eka adabhata grantha upasthita kiyaa| usa grantha ke sAmane prAja-dina taka koI bhI grantha Thahara nahIM sakA hai| "rAjAno dadate sokhyam' isa saMskRta vAkya ke ATha akSarahai aura eka-eka akSara ke eka-eka lAkha artha kiye gaye haiN| bAdazAha akabara aura sabhI vidvAn pratibhA ke isa anaThe camatkAra ko dekhakara natamastaka ho gye| akabara kAzmIra vijaya kara loTA to aneka AcAryoM evaM sAdhanoM kA usane sanmAna kiyaa| unameM eka samayasundara jI bho the, unheM vAcaka pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| unhoMne vikrama saM. 1686 (I. san 1629) meM gAthA sahasrA grantha kA saMgraha kiyaa| isa grantha para eka TippaNa bhoI para usake kartA kA nAma jJAta nahIM ho sakA haiN| isameM prAcArya ke chatIsa gaNa, sAdhanoM kegaNa,jinakalpika ke upakaraNa, yati-dinacaryA, sADha paccIsa Aryadeza, dhyAtA kA svarupa, prANAyAma, battIsa prakAra ke nATaka, solaha zrRMgAra, zakuna aura jyotiSa Adi viSayoM kA sundara saMgraha hai| mahAnizItha, vyavahArabhASya, puSpamAlAvRtti prAdi ke sAtha hI mahAbhArata, manusmRti Adi saMskRta ke uddhRta kiye gaye haiN| 1. siMdhI jaina granthamAlA.bambaI se prakAzita /

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Thakkura pheru Thakkura pheru ye rAjasthAna ke kannANA ke nivAsI zvetAmbara zrAvaka the / ye zrImAlavaMza hatter (kula) gotIya zreSThi kAliya yA kalaza ke putra the| inakI sarvaprathama racanA yugapradhAna catuSpadikA hai, jo saM. 1347 meM vAcanAcArya rAjazekhara ke samIpa apane nivAsa sthAna nANA meM banAI thI / inhoMne apanI kRtiyoM ke prataM meM apane Apako "paramajaMna" aura jiNaMdapaya-bhattoM, likha kara apanA kaTTara jainatva batAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai / "ratna- parIkSA" meM apane putra kA nAma 'hamapAla' likhA hai jisake lie prastuta grantha kI racanA kI gaI hai / inake bhAI kA nAma jJAta nahIM ho sakA hai / 44 dillIpati suratANa alAuddIna khilajI ke rAjyAdhikArI yA maMtri-maNDala meM hone se inako bAda meM adhika samaya dillI meM rahanA paDA / inhoMne 'dravya parIkSA' dillI kI TaksAla ke anubhava ke AdhAra para likhI 'gaNita-sAra' meM usa yuga kI rAjanIti para acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai| gaNita praznAvalI se yaha spaSTa jJAta hotA hai ki ye zAhI darabAra meM ucca padAsIna vyakti the / inakI sAta racanAyeM prApta hotI haiM jo bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa haiN| jinakA sampAdana muni zrI jinavijayajI na "ratna parIkSA disapta grantha saMgraha' ke nAma se kiyA hai / 'yuga pradhAna catuSpadika' tatkAlIna loka bhASA copAI va chappaya meM racI gaI haiM aura zeSa sabhI racanAeM prAkRta meM haiM / bhASA sarala va sarasa hai / usa para apabhraMza kA prabhAva hai / jayasiMhasUra 'dharmopadezamAlA vivaraNa' 2 yaha jayasiMhasUri kI eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai jo gadya-padya mizrita hU~ / yaha grantha nAgaura meM banAyA gayA thA / 3 vAcaka kalyANatilaka vAcaka kalyANatilaka ne chappana gAthAoM meM kAlakAcArya kI kathA likhI hai / 4 hIrakalaza muni hI kalaza muni ne saM. 1621 meM 'joisa hIra' grantha kI racanA kii| yaha grantha jyotiSa kI gaharAI ko prakaTa karatA hai 15 1. prakAzaka rAjasthAna prAya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura prakAzaka siMghI jaina grantha mAlA, bambaI nAura - jiNAyataNe samANiya vivaraNa eva / dharmopadezamAlA prazasti 29 pa STha 230 4. tIrthaMkara varSa 4, aMka 1 maI, 1974 2. 3. 5. maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRti grantha 'joI sahIrA' mahatvapUrNa kharataragacchIya jyotiSa grantha / lekha, pRSTha 95 1

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mAnadevari 45 mAnadevasUri kA janma nADola meM huA / unake pitA kA nAma ghanezvara aura mAtA kA nAma dhAraNI thA / inhoMne 'tijayapahuta' nAmaka stotra kI racanA kii| 1 nemicandra bhaNDArI nemicandra bhaNDArI ne prAkRta bhASA meM 'SaSTizataka prakaraNa' jinavallabhasUri guNavarNana evaM pArzvanAtha stotra Adi racanAeM banAI haiM / 2 rAjendrasUri zrI rAjendrasUri ne 'abhidhAna rAjendra koSa' aura anya aneka granthoM kA sampAdana - lekhana kiyA hai / sthAnakavAsI muni rAjasthAna ke sthAnakavAsI jaina zramaNoM ne bhI prAkRta bhASA meM aneka granthoM kI racanAeM kI haiM kintu sAdhanAbhAva se una sabhI granthakAroM kA paricaya denA sambhava nahIM hai / zramaNa hajArImala jinakI janmasthalI mevAr3a thI unhoMne 'sAhuguNamAlA' grantha kI racanA kI thI / jayamala sampradAya ke muni zrI caM namala jI ne zrImadgItA kA prAkRta meM anuvAda kiyA thaa| paM. muni lAlacanda jI 'zramaNa lAla" ne bhI prAkRta meM aneka stotra Adi banAe haiN| paM. phUlacanda jI. ma. puSkabhikkhu ne sutAgamaM kA sampAdana kiyA aura aneka lakha Adi prAkRta meM likha rAjasthAna kesarI puSkara munijI ne bhI prAkRta bhASA meM nibandha aura stotra likhe haiM / ha | pA zrAcArya ghAsIlAla jI ma. eka pratibhA sampanna santa - ratna the / unakA janma saM. 1941 meM jasavantagar3ha mevAr3a meM huA / unakI mAM kA nAma vimalA bAI aura pitA kA nAma prabhudata javAharAcArya ke pAsa AtI dIkSA grahaNa kI / Apane AgamoM para saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAeM likhI aura zivakoza, nAnArtha udayasAgara koza, zrIlAlanAmamAlA koza, Arhata vyAkaraNa, zrata laghu vyAkaraNa, grArhata siddhAnta vyAkaraNa, zAMti-sindhu mahAkAvya, lokAzAha mahAkAvya, jainAgamatatvadIpikA, vRttabodha, tatvapradIpa, sUktisaMgraha, gRhastha kalpataru, pUjya zrIlAlakAvya, nAgAmbaramajjarI, lavajI-muni kAvya, nava smaraNa, kalyANamaMgala stotra, vardhamAna stota Adi saMskRta bhASA meM maulika granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA aura tatvArthasUtra, kalpasUtra aura prAkRta vyAkaraNa Adi ana eka grantha prAkRta bhASA meM bhI likhe haiM / 26. prabhAvaka caritra bhASAntara pRSTha 187, pra. prAtmAnanda jainasabhA, bhAvanagara vi. saM. 1987 meM prakAzita / (kha) jaina paramparA no itihAsa, bhAga 1 pRSTha 359 se 361 | 27. maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdi smRti grantha /

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rApaMthI muni terApaMtha sampradAya ke aneka Adhunika muniyoM ne bhI prAkRta bhASA meM likhA hai| 'rayaNavAlakahA' pa. candana muni jI kI eka zreSTha racanA hai / rAjasthAnI jaina zvetAmbara paramparA ke zramaNoM ne jitanA sAhitya likhA hai utanA Aja upalabdha nahIM hai| kucha to muslimayuga ke dharmAndha zAsakoM ne jana zAstra-bhaNDAroM ko naSTa kara diyA aura kucha hamArI lAparavAhI se hajAroM grantha cUhoM, dImaka evaM zIlana se naSTa ho gaye / tathApi jo kucha avaziSTa haiM una granthoM ko Adhanika dRSTi se sampAdana kara prakAzita kiye jAye mora grantha-bhaNDAroM kI sUciyAM bhI prakAzita kI jAye to aneka ajJAta mahAna sAhityakAroM kA sahaja rUpa se patA laga sakatA hai|

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rAjasthAna ke prAkRta sAhityakAra: 4 -DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla prAcArya dharasena prAcArya dharasena prAkRta bhASA ke mahAn jJAtA the| prAkRta ke prasiddha graMtha 'dhavalA' meM nako aSTAMga mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI, pravacanavatsala tathA maMgazruta ke rakSaka ke rUpa meM smaraNa keyA hai| saurASTra deza kI giranagara kI candraguphA meM nivAsa karate the aura vahIM se rAjasthAna ke pradezoM meM bhI vihAra karate the| nArAyaNA (jayapura) ke jaina mandira meM prAcArya dharasena ke saMvat 1083 (san 1029) ke caraNa-cinha aAja bhI surakSita rUpa se virAjamAna haiN| isaliye rAjasthAna ese mahAna AcArya para gauravAnvita hai / prAcArya dharasena ke caraNoM meM baiThakara hI AcArya puSpadanta evaM bhUtabali ne prAkRta bhASA kA evaM siddhAnta kA adhyayana kiyaa| vAstava meM ve saphala zikSaka evaM prAcArya the| digambara paramparA meM AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ka pazcAt sarva prathama SaTa khaNDAgama kI racanA kI aura jJAna ko vilupta hone se bcaayaa| isa mahAna kArya meM prAcArya gharasena kA sarvAdhika yogadAna rhaa| gharasena kI prAkRta-kRti 'yoni-pAhuDa' kI eka mAtra pANDulipi risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM batalAI jAtI hai| AcArya dharasena kA samaya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| prAcArya vIrasena prAcArya vIrasena jaina-siddhAnta ke . pAraMgata vidvAna the, isake sAtha hI gaNita, nyAya, jyotiSa evaM vyAkaraNa Adi viSayoM kA bhI unheM talasparzI jJAna prApta thaa| AdipurANa ke kartA AcArya jinasena jaise uccastarIya vidvAna inake ziSya the| prAcArya jinasena ne apane AdipurANa evaM ghavalA prazasti meM inakA 'kavi-vandAraka' upAdhi ke sAtha stavana kiyA hai| AcArya vIrasena elAcArya ke ziSya the| DA.hIrAlAla jaina kA anumAna hai ki elAcArya inake vidyAguru the| indranandi ke zrutAvatAra se jJAta hotA hai ki elAcArya citrakUTa (cittaura) meM nivAsa karate the aura cittaur3a meM rahakara hI AcArya vIrasena ne elAcArya se siddhAnta-granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| isI kAraNa vIrasena jaise prAcArya para rAjasthAna ko garva hai| zikSA-samApti ke pazcAt AcArya vIrasena cittaur3a se bATagrAma (baDodA) cale gaye aura vahAM pAnatandra dvArA banavAye huya jinAlaya meM rahane lge| isI mandira meM inhoMne 72000 zloka pramANa SaTkhaNDAgama, kI ghaklA TIkA likhii| dhavalA TIkA samApti ke pazcAta prAcArya vIrasena ne kaSAya prAbhUta para 'jayaghavalA' TIkA prArambha kI aura 20000 zloka pramANa TIkA likhe jAne ke uparAnta AcArya vIrasena kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| pazcAt unake ziSya prAcArya jinasena ne avaziSTa jayaghavalA TIkA 40000 zloka pramANa likhakara pUrNa kii|

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prAcArya vIrasena ke samaya ke saMbaMdha meM koI vivAda nahIM hai kyoMki unake ziSya AcArya jinasena ne jayadhavalA TIkA ko zaka saMvata 156 kI phAlguna zuklA dazamI ke dina pUrNa kiyA thaa| isaliye vIrasena kA samaya isa saMvata ke pUrva hI honA caahiye| DA. hIrAlAla jana ne dhavalA TIkA kA samAptikAla zaka saMvat 738sidva kiyA hai| isaliya vIrasena 9vIM zatAbdI (IsvI san 816) ke vidvAna the| ghavalA TIkA :-"SaTakhaNDAgama" para 72000 zloka pramANa prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita bhASA meM maNi-pravAla nyAya se dhavalA TIkA likhI gaI hai| yaha SaTakhaNDAgama ke anya pAMca khaNDoM kI sabase mahatvapUrNa TIkA hai| TIkA prameya bahula hai tathA TIkA hone para bhI yaha eka svataMtra siddhAnta graMtha hai / TIkA kI prAkRta bhASA prauDha muhAvaredAra evaM viSaya ke anusAra saMskRta kI tarka zailI se prabhAvita hai| paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ke zabdoM meM isameM prAkRta gadya kA nikharA hayA svaccha rUpa vartamAna hai| sandhi aura samAsa kA yathAsthAna prayoga huA hai aura dArzanika zailI meM gambhIra viSayoM ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai / TIkA meM kevala SaTakhaNDAgama ke sUtroM kA hI marma udghATita nahIM kiyA gayA kintu karma-siddhAnta kA bhI vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya vIrasena gaNita-zAstra ke mahAna vidvAna the isaliye inhoMne vRtta, vyAsa, paridhi, sUcI vyAsa, ghana, arddhacchada ghAtAMka, valaya vyAsa aura cApa Adi gaNita kI aneka prakriyAoM kA mahatvapUrNa vivecana kiyA hai| gaNita ke atirikta TIkAkAra ne jyotiSa aura nimitta saMbaMdhI prAcIna mAnyatAoM kA bhI spaSTa varNana kiyA hai| SaTakhaNDAgama kA varNya viSaya 'jIvaTThANa' khaddhAbaMdha, baMdha-sAmittavicaya, veyaNA, vaggaNA aura mahAbaMdha hai| inhIM kA prAcArya vIrasena ne apanI dhavalATIkA meM vistRta varNana kiyA hai| prAcArya devasena devasena nAma ke aneka vidvAna ho gaye haiM jinakI guru paramparA evaM samaya bhinna-bhinna haiM prastuta AcArya devasena prAkRta bhASA ke udbhaTa vidvAna the| mAlavA kI dhArA nagarI inakA pramukha sAhityika kendra thA lekina rAjasthAna meM bhI ye prAyaH bihAra karate rahate the aura jana-jana meM sasAhitya aura saddharma kA pracAra kiyA karate the| ye 10vIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa ke vidvAn the| devasena krAntikArI vidvAn the| ye darzana evaM siddhAnta ke prakANDa vidvAn the| itihAsa se unheM ruci thI tathA deza evaM samAja meM vyApta burAiyoM kI nindA karane meM yaha kabhI pIche nahIM rahate the| paM. nAthUrAma premI na inakI cAra kRtiyAM svIkAra kI haiM jinake nAma hai-darzanasAra bhAvasaMgraha. tatvasAra, aura nayacakra / DA. nemIcanda zAstrI ne ukta granthoM ke atirikta, ArAdhanAsAra evaM AlApapaddhati inakI aura racanA svIkAra kI hai| ina racanAoM kA sAmAnya paricaya nimnaprakAra hai ___ 1. darzanasAra:-yaha kavi kI eka mAtra kRti hai jisameM kRti kA racanAkAla diyA huA hai| kavi ne ise saMvata 997 mAgha zuklA dazamI ke dina samApta kI thii| yaha eka samIkSAtmaka kRti hai jisameM vibhinna dArzanika matoM ke pravataka ke rUpa meM RSabhadeva ke pautra mArIci ko mAnA hai| isake pazcAt draviDa saMgha, yApanIya saMgha, kASThA saMgha, mAthura saMgha tathA bhillla saMgha kI utpatti eva unakI (vasena ka akkhaDa svabhAva kA patA calatA hai| inhoMne antima gAthA meM apanI spaSTatA vyakta karate haye likhA hai rUsau tUsau lomo saccaM akkhaMtayassa sAhussa / kiMjaya-mae sAThI vivajjiyavvA parideNa /

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satya kahane vAle sAdhu se koI ruSTa ho, cAhe santuSTa ho, isako cintA nhiiN| kyA rAjA ko yUkA (juoM) ke bhaya se vastra pahinanA chor3a denA cAhie? kabhI nhiiN| . darzanasAra meM gAthAoM kI saMkhyA 51 hai| 2. bhAvasaMgrahaH-yaha prAkRta bhASA kA vizAla graMtha hai jisameM 101 gAthAyeM hai / isameM caudaha guNasthAnoM ko AdhAra banAkara vividha viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| devasena ne apane samaya meM phaile hue aMdhavizvAsa, rUDhivAda para kAphI prakAza DAlA hai| vaha likhatA hai ki yadi jala snAna se samasta pApoM kA kSAlana saMbhava ho to nadI, samudra aura tAlAboM meM rahane vAle jalacara jIvoM ko kabhI kA svarga mila gayA hotaa| isI taraha jo zrAddha dvArA pitaroM kI tapti mAnatA hai vaha bhrama meM hai| kisI ke bhojana se kisI kI tRpti nahIM ho sktii| isI prakAra anya darzanoM kI prAcArya devasena ne acchI samIkSA kI hai| gAthAoM kI bhASA atyadhika madhura hai| 3. ArAdhanAsAra:-prastuta kRti meM prAkRta gAthAnoM kI saMkhyA 115 hai| inameM samyak darzane, sampajJAna evaM samyak cAritna tathA tapa rUma cAroM ArAdhanAoM kA acchA varNana diyA gayA hai| viSaya vivecana kI acchI zailI hai| yaha eka udbodhanAtmaka kRti hai jisameM isa AtmA se apane svabhAva meM nirata rahane ko kahA hai| janatA vRddhAvasthA nahIM pAtI hai, indriyoM kI zakti kSINa nahIM hotI hai AyurUpI jala samApta nahIM hotA hai taba taka Atma kalyANa ke liye prayatnazIla rahanA caahiye| jo vyakti yaha socatA rahatA hai ki abhI to yuvAvasthA hai, viSaya sukha bhogane ke dina hai vaha vRddhAvasthA Ane para kucha nahIM kara sakatA hai : jara vAgviNI Na caMpai, jAma Na vimalAi iMti akkhaaii| . baddhi jAma Na NAsai, AujalaM jAma Na priglaaii| jA ujjamo Na viyalai, saMjama-tava-gANa-jhANa joesu / tAvariho so purisI, uttama ThANassa saMbhavaI / prAcArya devasena ne Age kahA hai ki mana ko vaza meM karane kI zikSA denI caahiye| jisakA mana vazIbhata hai vahI rAgadveSa ko nAza kara sakatA hai aura rA-dveSa ke nAza ka prApti hotI hai| sikkhaha magavasiyaraNaM savatIhUeNa jaiNa maNupANaM / NAsaMti rAyadose tesi NAse samo paramo / / 6 411 4. tatvasAra:-paha prAcArya devasena kI caturya-kuti hai| yaha e lavu AdhyAtmika racanA hai jisakI gAthA saMkhyA 14 hai| kavi ne batalAyA hai ki jisake na kova hai, na mAna hai, na mAyA hai aura na lobha hai, na zalya hai aura na lezyA hai, jo janma-mRtyu se rahita hai vahI niraMjana mAtmA hai : jassa Na koho mANo mAyA lohoM Na salla lessaayo| jAi jarA maraNa ciya NiraMjago so ahaM mnnipro| 5. nayacakra:-yaha kavi kI pAMcavIM kRti hai jisameM usane prAta gAthAoM meM nayoM kA mUta rupa meM bar3hata sandara varNana kiyA hai| nayoM ke majarUpa se do bheda hai:--eka dhAthi aura dasarA pryaayaarthik| sarvaprathama AcArya zrI ne likhA hai ki jo naya-dRSTi se vihIna hai unheM vastu svarUpa kI upalabdhi nahIM hoto:

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-50 jo Nayadidi-vihINA tANa Na vatthu sarUva upalabdi / vatthu-sahAva-vihUNA sammAdiTaThI kahaM huMti // prAcArya devasena kI eka aura kRti pAlApa-paddhati hai jo saMskRta bhASA kI kRti hai aura jisama guNa, paryAya, svabhAva, pramANa, tapa, guNavyutpatti, pramANa kA kathana, nikSapa kI vyatpatti tathA tapa ke medoM kI vyutpatti kA varNana milatA hai| isa prakAra yadyapi devasena kI bhAvasaMgraha ko chor3akara sabhI laghu racanAyeM haiM kintu bhASA, viSaya evaM zailI kI dRSTi se ve sabhI utkRSTa racanAyeM haiN| kavi ne thor3e se zabdoM meM adhika se adhika viSaya-pratipAdana kA prayAsa kiyA hai aura isameM vaha pUrNa saphala bhI huA hai| muni nemicandra ___ 'nemicandra' nAma vAle aneka prAcArya ho gaye haiN| aba taka vidvAnoM kI yaha dhAraNA thI ki gommaTasAra, trilokasAra, labdhisAra tathA kSapaNAsAra ke kartA prAcArya nemicandra aura dravyasaMgraha ka kartA namicandra eka hI prAcArya haiM jo siddhAntAcArya kI upAdhi se prasiddha haiN| kintu gata kucha varSoM meM vidvAnoM dvArA kI gayI khoja ke AdhAra para yaha mAna liyAgayA hai ki dravya-saMgraha evaM vahada-dravyasaMgraha ke kartA dUsare nemicandra haiM jinheM siddhAntideva yA namicandra mani kahA gayA hai| isI taraha kA ullekha vahada dravyasaMgraha ke TIkAkAra brahmadeva ne graMtha ke paricaya meM likhA hai| jisake anusAra dravya-saMgraha dhArA nagarI ke svAmI maNDalezvara zrIpAla ke prAzrama nAmaka nagara meM 20veM tIrthakara nisuvratanAtha ke caityAlaya meM bhANDAgAra Adi aneka niyogoM ke adhikArI somA nAmaka rAjazreSThi ke paThanArtha likhA gayA thaa| yaha prAzrama nagara 'prAzArambha paTTaNa' Azrama pattana 'paTTaNa' aura puTabhedana ke nAma se ullikhita hai| rAjasthAna meM bUMdI nagara se lagabhaga nau mIla kI dUrI para cambala nadI ke taTa para kezorAyapATana nAma kA prAcIna nagara hai| ise kezavarAya pATana, pATana kezavarAya bhI kahate haiN| apanI prAkRtika ramyatA ke kAraNa yaha sthAna AzramabhUmi (tapovana) ke upayukta hone ke kAraNa Azrama kahalAne kA adhikArI hai| prasiddha itihAsajJa DaoN. dazaratha zarmA bhI isa mata se sahamata hai ki kezavarAya pATana hI pahile pAzrama nagara ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| prAcIna kAla meM yaha nagara rAjA bhojadeva ke paramAra sAmrAjya ke antargata rahA thaa| kezavarAya pATana meM eka prAcIna digambara jaina mandira hai jisameM 12 vIM zatAbdI kI prAcIna evaM kalApUrNa bhUrtiyAM haiN| mandira meM jo bhUmigata caityAlaya haiM usase patA calatA hai ki sthala rahA thaa| prastuta nemicandra mani kI bhI yahI bhUmi sAdhanA-sthala rahI thI aura yahIM para unhoMne laghu dravya-saMgraha evaM vRhada dravya-saMgraha kI racanA kI thI, isameM sandeha ko koI sthAna nahIM hai| ukta donoM racanAyeM hI jaina samAja meM atyadhika lokapriya rahI haiN| vRhad dravya-saMgraha ke paThana-pAThana kA sarvAdhika pracAra hai / laghu dravya-saMgraha meM kula 25 gAthAya haiN| gyAraha gAthAoM meM dravyoM kA, pAMca gAthAghoM meM tatvoM aura padArthoM kA tathA do gAthAoM meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| bRhad dravya-saMgraha meM 58 gAthAeM hai / isameM tIna adhikAra hai| inama jIvadravya, ajIvadravya, pAva, baMdha, saMpara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tatvoM kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| jIva dravya ko jIva, upayogamaya, amUrtika, kartA, svadehaparimANa, bhoktA, saMsArI aura svabhAva se urdhvagamana karane vAlA batalAyA hai / dvividha mokSamArga kA kathana karate hue samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritna kA lakSaNa batalAte hue dhyAna kA abhyAsa karana para jora diyA

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gayA hai kyoMki dhyAna hI mokSa prApti kA mukhya sAdhana hai| graMthakAra ne yaha bhI batalAyA hai ki tapa, zruta evaM vratoM kA dhArI AtmA hI dhyAna karane meM samartha hai| isaliye jIvana meM tapa kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhiye, zruta kA abhyAsa karanA cAhiye tathA vratoM ko dhAraNa karanA caahiye| isa prakAra nemicandra muni ne apanI isa kRti meM jana-darzana ke sabhI pramukha tatvoM kA kathana kara diyA hai / prAcArya padamanandi padmanandi nAma ke 9 se bhI adhika prAcArya evaM bhaTTAraka ho gaye haiM jinakA ullekha vibhinna granthoM, zilAlekhoM evaM matilekhoM meM milatA hai| lekina vIranandi ke praziSya evaM bAlanandi ke ziSya AcArya padamanandi una sabase bhinna hai| ye rAjasthAnI vidvAn the aura bArA nagara inakA pramukha sAhityika kendra thaa| padamanandi ne apane pramukha graMtha jambUdIvapaNatI meM bArAM nagara kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai| vaha nagara usa samaya puSkaraNI bAvar3I, sundara bhavanoM, nAnAjanoM se saMkIrNa aura dhanyadhAnya se samAkula, jina mandiroM se vibhUSita tathA samyakadRSTijanoM bhAra mAna-maNoM ke samahoM se maMDita thaa| padamanandike samaya bArAMnagara kA zaktibhapAla zAsaka thaa| vaha rAjA zIla-sampanna, anavarata dAnazIla, zAsana vatsala, dhIra, nAnAgaga kalita, narapati saMpUjita tathA kalAkuzala evaM narottama thA / rAjapUtAne ke itihAsa meM gahilotavaMzI rAjA naravAhana ke patra zAlivAhana ke uttarAdhikArI zaktikamAra kA ullekha milatA hai| paM. nAthUrAma premI ne bArAM kI bhaTTAraka gAdI ke AdhAra para padamanandi kA samaya vikrama saMvata1100 ke lAbhaga mAnA hai| padmanandi prAkRta bhASA ke udbhaTa vidvAna the| jaina-darzana tathA tInoM lokoM kI sthiti kA unheM acchA jJAna prApta thaa| apane samaya ke ve prabhAvazAlI prAcArya evaM bhaTTArara the tathA anaka ziSya-praziSyoM ke svAmI the| usa samaya prAkRta ke paThana-pAThana kA acchA pracAra thaa| rAjasthAna evaM mAlavA unakI gatividhiyoM kA pramakha kendra thaa| padamanandi kI prAkRta bhASA kI do kRtiyAM upalabdha hotI hai jinameM eka, jambUdIvapaNatI, tathA dUsarI dhammarasAyana hai / jambadIvapaNNattI, eka vizAlakAya kRti hai jisameM 2427 gAthAeM haiM jo 93 adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiN| graMtha kA viSaya madhyaloka ke madhyavartI jambadvIpa kA vistata varNana hai aura vaha varNana jambUdvIpa ke bharata, airAvata, mahAvideha kSetroM, himavAna Adi parvatoM, gaMgA sindhavAdi nadiyoM, padma mahApadama Adi sarovaroM, lava gAdi samadroM. kAla ke utpasarpiNI avasarpigo prAdi bheda prabhedoM tathA unase hone vAle kAla parivartanoM tathA jyotiSa paTaloM se saMbaMdhita hai| vAstava meM yaha graMtha prAcIna bhUgola khagola kA acchA varNana prastuta karatA hai| mAcArya padmanandi kI dUsarI racanA dhammarasAyaga hai jisameM 193 gAthAyeM haiN| bhASA evaM zaMlI kI dRSTi se yaha gratha atyadhika sarala evaM sarasa hai| isameM dharma ko hI parama rasAyaNa mAnA gayA hai| yahI vaha bhISadhi hai jisake sevana se janma-maraNa evaM duHkha kA nAza hotA hai / dharma kI mahimA batalAte hue graMtha meM kahA hai ki dharma hI trilokabandhu hai tathA tIna lokoM meM dharma hI eka mAna zaraNa hai| dharma ke pAna se yaha manuSya tInoM lokoM kA pAra kara sakatA hai| dhammo tiloyabandha dhammo saraNaM have tihuyaNassa / dhammeNa pUyaNIpro, hoi Naro savvaloyassa / / bhaTTAraka jinacandra bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke ziSya bhaTTAraka jinacandra 16 vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha di. jaina santa the| inhoMne sAre rAjasthAna meM vihAra karake jana-sAhitya eva saMskRti ke

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pracAra-prasAra meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA thaa| mUlAcAra ko eka prazasti meM bhaTTAraka jinacandra kI nimna zabdoM meM prazaMsA kI gaI hai : tadIyapaTAmbarabhAnumAlI kSamAdinAnAguNaratnazAlI / bhaTaTAraka-zrIjinacandranAmA saiddhAntikAna dvAntikAnAM bhuvi yo'sti sImA / jinacandra kI sAhitya ke prati apUrva zraddhA thii| ve prAcIna granthoM kI nayI-nayI pratiyAM likhavA kara zAstra-bhaNDAroM meM virAjamAna karavAte the tathA janatA ko prAcIna granyoM ke saMrakSaNa kI preraNA dete the| paM. medhAvI unakA eka pramukha ziSya thA jo saMskRta kA prakANDa vidvAn thA / usane apane garu kI prazaMsA karate hae likhA hai ki jinacandra kA janma samadra meM se candramA ke janma ke samAna hayA thaa| ve apane samaya ke sabhI jaina santoM ke agraNI the| ve syAdvAda rUpI AkAza ke hAra the tathA apane pravacanoM se saba zrotAoM ke hRdayoM kA prasanna karane vAle the| ve SaTadarzanoM ke niSNAta vidvAn the| __ bha. jinacandra kI aba taka jo do hatiyAM upalabdha huI hai unameM eka saMskRta evaM eka prAkRta kI racanA hai| jina caturvizati stotra saMskRta kI racanA hai tathA siddhAntasAra prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai| siddhAntasAra meM 79 gAthAeM hai| inameM jova samAsa, gusthAna, saMjJA, paryApti, maraNa evaM mArgaNAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isakI 78 vIM gAthA meM bhaTTAraka jinacandra ne apane nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| i. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha 20 vIM zadI ke vidvAnoM meM paM. cainasakhadAsa nyAyatIrtha kA nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya hai| inakA janma 22 janavarI san 1899 meM bhAdavA grAma meM huzrA tathA mRtyu jayapura nagara maM 26 janavarI san 1969 mhuii| paDita jo prAkuta, saMskRta evaM hindI ke prakANDa vidvAna pe| ve kavi the, lekhaka the tathA jaina-darzana ke prakANDa vyAkhyAtA the| inako pramukha racanAoM meM jaina darzanasAra, bhAvanA-viveka, pAvana-pravAha ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| arhata pravacana inako sampAdita kRti hai jisameM vibhinna prAkRta-graMthoM meM se jIvana ko sparza karane vAlI evaM janApayogI 500 se bhI adhika gAthAoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| isameM jIva aura prAtmA, karma, gagathAna, samyakadarzana, bhAva, mana-indriyoM kaSAya vijaya, zrAvaka, prAtma-prazaMsA, paranindA, zAla gati, bhakti, dharma, vairAgya, zramaga, tapa, zuddhApayogI prAtmA Adi vibhinna viSayoM kA acchA varNana huA hai| paMDita jI kA yaha saMkalana prAtmodaya graMthamAlA jayapura se san 1962 meM kAzita ho cukA hai| DA. nemicandra zAstrI DA. namicandra zAstrI kA abhI Der3ha varSa pUrva hI 10 janavarI, 1974 ko svargavAsa hA tathA ve apane jIvana ke yazasvI 59 varSa pUrNa karake ciranindrA meM samA gye| ve rAjasthAnI vidvAna the aura gholapura meM pauSa kRSNA 12 ko saMvat 1972 ko inakA janma hA thaa| ve pAcya vidyAoM ke prakANDa vidvAn the tathA prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta evaM hindI bhASA para inakA pUrNa adhikAra thaa| inakI aba taka 37 se bhI adhika racanAyeM prakAzita ho cako hai| zAstrI jI prAkRta bhASA ke vizeSa premI the| inhoMne apanI pI.eca. DI. ko upAdhi 'haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA-sAhitya kA pAlAcanAtmaka adhyayana" viSaya para prApta ko tho / sake pazcAta ve prAkRta ke pracAra-prasAra meM laga gaye aura ArA jaina kaoNleja meM zikSaNa kArya karate

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53 hae unhoMne hajAroM chAtroM ko prAkRta bhASA kA bodha hI nahIM karAyA kintu pacAsoM vidyApiyoM ko prAkRta meM niSNAta bhI banA diyA / zAstrIjI ne prAkRta bhASA aura sAhitya kA mAlocanAtmaka itihAsa likhakara prAkRta-jagat meM eka mahAna kArya kiyaa| yahI nahIM abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa' likha kara prAkRta premiyoM ke liye usake paThana-pAThana ko sarala banA diyaa| zAstrI jI na 'prAkRta-prabodha' ke mAdhyama se prAkRta-pAThoM kA sundara saMkalana upasthita kimA DA.zAstrI jI ne apane vidyArthiyoM kI suvidhA ke liye pAiya-pajja-saMgrahoM' evaM 'pAiya-gajja- saMgrahoM isa prakAra prAkRta gadya aura padya ke alaga-alaga saMkalana nikAle jisase vihAra meM prAkRtabhASA ke paThana-pAThana kA atyadhika lokapriyatA prApta haI / jIvana ke antima varSa meM 'tIrthakara mahAvIra eva unakI prAcArya-paramparA' ke cAra bhAgoM meM jainAcAryoM dvArA nibaddha sAhitya kI atyadhika sundara rUparekhA prastuta kii| isa mahAna kRti meM prAkRta bhASA ke prAcAryoM evaM unakI kRtiyoM kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM gata saikar3oM varSoM meM rAjasthAna meM prAkRta bhASA kA itanA prakANDa vidvAn tathA prAta sAhitya kA ananya bhakta nahIM huaa| ese vidvAn se sArA sAhitya-jagata gauravAnvita hai ukta AcAryoM, muniyoM evaM vidvAnoM ke atirikta rAjasthAna meM aura bhI pacAsoM sAhitya-sevI ho gaye haiN| jinhoMne janmabhara prAkRta-sAhitya kI sevA hI nahIM kI kiMtu usa bhASA ka graMthoM kA hindI evaM saMskRta meM TIkAyeM karaka jana sAdhAraNa ko unaka paThana-pAThana evaM svAdhyAya kI pUrNa suvidhA pradAna kii| aise vidvAnoM meM prAcArya amRtacandra, paM. rAjama mahA paMDita ToDaramala, pa. jayacanda chAbar3A jase vidvAnoM ke mAma ullekhanIya hai|

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saMskRta jaina sAhitya

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saMskRta sAhitya : vikAsa evaM pravRttiyA~ 1. -muni zrI nathamala bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yaga meM saMskRta paMDitoM kI bhASA bana gaI thii| bhASA ke AdhAra para do varga sthApita ho gaye the-eka varga una paMDitoM kA thA, jo saMskRtavidoM ko hI tatvadraSTA mAnate the aura saMskRta nahIM jAnane vAloM kI buddhi para apanA adhikAra kiye hue the| dUsarA varma una logoM kAthA, jo yaha mAnate the ki saMskRtavid hI tatva kI vyAkhyA kara sakate haiM / __ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anubhava kiyA ki satya ko khojane kI kSamatA hara vyakti meM hai / usa para bhASA kA pratibandha nahIM ho sakatA / jisakA citta rAga-dveSa zUnya hai, vaha saMskRta vid na hone para bhI satya ko upalabdha ho jAtA hai au nahIM hotA hai, vaha saMskRtavid hone para bhI satya ko upalabdha nahIM hotA / satya aura bhASA kA gaThabandhana nahIM hai-isa siddhAMta ke pratipAdana ke liye bhagavAna mahAvIra ne janabhASA prAkRta ko satya-nirUpaNa kA mAdhyama banAyA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne prAkRta meM upadeza kiyaa| unake pramukha ziSya gautama Adi gaNadharoM ne usakA prAkRta meM hI gaMphana kiyaa| unake nirvANa kI paMcama zatAbadI taka dharmopadeza tathA graMtha-racanA meM prAkRta kA hI upayoga hotA rahA / nirvANa kI chaThI zatAbdI meM phira saMskRta kA svara guMjita huA / Arya rakSita ne saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM ko RSi bhASA khaa| unakI yaha dhvani sthAnAMga ke svaramaNDala meM bhI pratidhvanita haI / umAsvAti (svAmI) ne mokSazAstra (tatvArthasUtra) kA saMskRta meM praNayana kiyA / unakA astitvakAla vikrama kI tIsarI se pAMcavI zatAbdI ke madhya mAnA jAtA hai / jaina paramparA meM isI kAlAvadhi meM saMskRta yuga prArambha huA / jaina AcAryoM ne prAkRta ko tilAJjali nahIM dI / prAkRta meM graMtha-racanA kA kArya anavarata calatA rahA / bhagavan mahAvIra ne loka-bhASA ke prati jo dRSTikoNa nirmita kiyA thA, use vismata nahIM kiyA gayA aura saMskRta ke avyetAoM meM jo pAMDitya-pradarzana bhAvanA thI, use mI smati meM rakhA gyaa| phira bhI darzana-yaga kI sthApanA ke kAla meM jaina darzana ko pratiSThita karane kI dRSTi se saMskRta kI anivAryatA anubhava kI / siddharSi ne jaina lekhakoM kI isa anubhUti ko spaSTa abhi vyakti dI hai / unhoMne likhA hai : saMskRtA prAkRtA ceti, bhASe prAdhAnyamahaMtaH / tatrApi saMskRtA tAvad, durvidagdha hadi sthitA // bAlAnAmapi sadabodha-kAriNI karNapezalA / tathApi prAkRtA bhASA, na teSAmabhibhASate // upAye sati karttavyaM, sarveSAM cittaraJjanam / atastadanurodhena, saMskRteyaM kariSyate // - 1. AryarakSita kA janma kAla: IsvI pUrva 4 (vi.saM. 52), dIkSA I. sa. 18 (vi. saM. 74), yugapradhAna I. sa. 58 (vi. saM. 114), svargavAsa I. sa. 71 (vi. saM. 127) / 2. aNuoga hArAI, svaramaNDala: sakkayaM pAgayaM ceva, pasatyaM isibhAsiyaM /

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"saMskRta aura prAkRta--ye do pradhAna bhASAeM haiM / saMskRta durvidagdha-paMDitamAnI janoM ke hRdaya meM basI haI hai| prAkRta bhASA jana sAdhAraNa ko prakAza dene vAlI aura zruti-madhara hai, phira bhI unheM vaha acchI nahIM lgtii| mere sAmane saMskRtapriya janoM ke cittaraMjana kA upAya hai| isaliye unake anurodha se maiM prastuta kathA ko saMskRta bhASA meM likha gupta sAmrAjya-kAla meM saMskRta kA prabhAva bahuta baDha gayA / jaina aura bauddha paramparAoM meM bhI saMskRta bhASA pramukha ho gaI / uttara bhArata meM gujarAta aura rAjasthAna donoM jaina dharma ke pramukha kendra rahe / ina donoM meM jaina muni sthAna-sthAna para vihAra karate the| unakI sAhitya-sAdhanA bhI pracura mAtrA meM huI / rAjasthAna kI jaina paramparA meM saMskRta-sAhitya ke prathama nirmAtA haribhadrasUri haiM / unakA astitva-kAla vikrama kI AThavIM nauvIM zatAbdI (757-857) hai| unheM prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM bhASAoM para samAna adhikAra prApta thaa| unakI lekhanI donoM bhASAoM para samAna rUpa se clii| unakI prAkRta racanAeM jitanI vipula saMkhyA meM aura jitanI mahatvapUrNa haiM, utanI hI mahatvapUrNa aura utanI hI vipula saMkhyA meM unakI saMskRta racanAeM haiN| unhoMne dharma, yoga, darzana, nyAya, anekAnta, AcAra, ahiMsA Adi aneka viSayoM para likhaa| Agama sUtroM para aneka vizAla vyAkhyA grantha likhe / . jaina darzana ne satya kI vyAkhyA naya-paddhati se kii| tIrthakara kA koI bhI vacana nayapanya nahIM hai-isa ukti kI pratidhvani yaha hai ki koI bhI vacana nirapekSa nahIM hai| pratyeka vacana ko nayadaSTi se hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| siddhasena divAkara aura samantabhadra ne anekAnta aura nayavAda ko dArzanika dharAtala para prasphuTita kiyA / usake pallavanakAroM meM haribhadrasUri kA eka pramukha vyaktitva hai / unhoMne saMskRta sAhitya ko kalpanA aura alaMkAra kI kasauTI se kase hae kavitva tathA tarkavAda aura nirAkaraNa pradhAna zailI se paripUSTa tAkikatA se Upara uThAkara svatantra cintana aura samanvaya kI bhUmikA para pratiSThita kiyaa| unake lokatatvanirNaya nAmaka grantha meM svataMtra cintana kI aisI ciraMtana vyAkhyA huI hai, jise kAlAtIta kahA jA sakatA hai / unhoMne likhA hai :-- mAtRmodakavad bAlAH, ye guNhantyavicAritam / te pazcAt paritapyante, suvarNagrAhako yathA // 1 mAM ke dvArA diye hae modaka ko binA kisI vicAra ke le lene vAle bAlaka kI bhAMti binA vicAra kie dUsare ke vicAra ko svIkAra karane vAlA vaise hI pazcAttApa karatA hai, jaise binA parIkSA kie svarNa ko kharIdane vAlA pachatAtA hai / sunane ke liye kAna hai| vicAraNA ke liye vANI aura buddhi hai / phira bhI jo vyakti zruta viSaya para cintana nahIM karatA, vaha kartavya ko kaise prApta ho sakatA hai :-- zrotavye ca kRtI karNo, vAmbuddhizca vicAraNe / / yaH zrutaM na vicArata, sa kArya vindate katham ? // 1. lokatatvanirNaya, 19 2. lokatatvanirNaya, 20

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Agama-yuga meM zraddhA para bahuta bala diyA gayA / IzvarIya prAdazoM aura prApta-vacanoM para saMdeha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa mAnyatA ne cintana kI dhArA ko kSINa banA diyA thaa| adhikAMza loga kisI vyakti kI pANI yA grantha ko binA kisI cintana ke svIkAra kara lete the / isa paramparA ne rUDhivAda kI jaDeM bahata sudaDha banA dI thiiN| unheM toDanA zrama-sAdhya thaa| vaise vAtAvaraNa meM dUsaroM para bharosA kara calane ko burA kahane vAle ke liye acchA nahIM thaa| phira bhI kahA gayA :-- haTho haThe yadvadabhiplutaH syAt, nau vi baddhA ca yathA samudre / tathA para-pratyayamAtradakSa:, lokaH pramAdAmbhasi bAmmramIti // 'jo vyakti dUsaroM kI vANI kA anusaraNa karane meM hI dakSa hai, vaha pramAda ke jala ma vaise hI bhramaNa karatA hai, jaise jalakuMbhI kA paudhA dusare paudhe ke pIche-pIche bahatA hai aura jaise nAva se baMdhI huI nAva usake pIche-pIche calatI hai|' haribhadrasUri ko samanvaya kA purodhA aura unakI racanAoM ko samanvaya kI saMhitA kahA jA sakatA hai| jaba sampradAyoM meM apane-apane iSTadeva ke nAma kI mahimA gAI jA rahI thI, usa samaya yaha svara kitanA mahatvapUrNa thA :-- yasya nikhilAzca doSAH na santi sarve guNAzca vidyante / braha mA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai // 'jisake samasta doSa naSTa ho cuke haiM, saba guNa prakaTa ho gaye hai, use merA namaskAra hai, phira vaha braha mA ho yA viSNu, mahAdeva ho yA jina / ' haribhadrasUri ne yoga kI vividha paramparAoM kA samanvaya kara jaina yoga-paddhati ko nayA rUpa pradAna kiyA thA / 'yogavizikA' prAkRta meM likhita hai| saMskRta meM unakI do mahatvapUrNa kRtiyA hai 'yogadaSTisamuccaya' aura 'yogbindu'| unameM jaina yoga aura pataMjali kI yoga-paddhati kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bahuta sUkSma mati se kiyA gayA hai / anekAnta-dRSTi prApta hone para sAMpradAyika abhiniveza samApta ho jAtA hai / vikrama ko AThavIM zatI meM saMskRta-sAhitya kI jo dhArA pravAhita huIM, vaha vartamAna zatI taka avicchinna rUpa meM pravAhita hai| vaha kabhI vizAla huI hai aura kabhI kSINa, para usakA astitva nirantarita rahA hai / jaina paramparA ke saMskRta-sAhitya para abhI koI vyavasthita kArya nahIM huA hai / lekhaka, lekhanasthAna, lekhana-kAla ye saba abhI nirNaya kI pratIkSA meM haiM / aba taka 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' isa zIrSaka se jitane prabandha likhe gae haiM, ve yA to jaina paramparA ke saMskRta-sAhitya kA sparza nahIM karate yA do cAra prasiddha granthoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kara viSaya ko sampanna kara dete haiM / jaina vidvAn bhI isa kArya ke prati udAsIna rahe haiM / ina dinoM kucha grantha prakAzita hue haiM, para ve apekSA ke anurUpa zodhapUrNa aura vaijJAnika paddhati se likhita nahIM haiN| maiM isa apekSA ko isaliye prastuta kara rahA hai ki jaina paramparA ke 'saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa' isa viSaya kA eka mahAgrantha Adhunika zailI meM taiyAra kiyA jAe / maiM nahIM maantaa| ki isa laghakAya nibandha meM maiM rAjasthAna ke jaina lekhakoM kI sabhI saMskRta racanAoM ke sAtha nyAya kara skuuNgaa| 1. lokatatvanirNaya, 14 lokatatvanirNaya, 20

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58 haribhadrasUri kI racanAoM ke bAda siddharSi kI mahAn kRti 'upamitibhavaprapaMca' kathA hai| yaha vi. saM. 906 (I. saM. 962) meM likhI gaI thI / zailI kI dRSTi se yaha eka apUrva grantha hai| isameM kAlpanika pAtroM ke mAdhyama se dharma ke virAT svarUpa ko rUpAyita kiyA gayA hai / DA. hIrAlAla jaina ne likhA hai-'ise paDhate hue aMgrejI kI jAna banayana kRta 'pilgrimsa progresa kA smaraNa ho AtA hai, jisameM rUpaka kI roti se dharmavRddhi aura usameM Ane vAlI vighnabAdhAoM kI kathA kahI gaI hai|| siddharSi ne upada zamAlA kI TIkA likhI, kacha anya graMpa bhI likhe| para maiM kevala unhIM granthoM kA nAmollekha karanA apekSita samajhatA hUM, jinakA vidhA aura varNya viSaya kI dRSTi se vaiziSTaya hai / viSA aura preraka tatva deza, kAla, mAnyatAeM, paristhitiyAM, lokamAnasa, loka-kalyANa, janapratibodha, zikSA aura uddezya ye lekhana ke preraka tatva hote haiM / lekhana kI vidhAeM preraka tatvoM ke AdhAra para banatI haiM / jaina lekhakoM ne aneka preraNAoM se saMskRta sAhitya likhA aura aneka vidhAoM meM likhA / dharma pracAra ke uddezya se dhArmika aura dArzanika grantha likhe gae / apane abhyupagama kI sthApanA aura pratipakSa-nirasana ke liye tarka-pradhAna nyAyazAstroM kI racanA haI / janapratibodha aura zikSA ke uddezya se kathA-granthoM kA praNayana haA / loka-kalyANa kI dRSTi se Ayarveda, jyotiSa ke grantha nirmita hue / deza, kAla aura lokamAnasa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara jaina lekhakoM ne prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta bhASA ko bhI mahatva diyA / prAkRta yuga (vikrama kI tIsarI zatI taka) meM jaina lekhakoM ne kevala prAkRta meM likhA / prAkRta-saMskRta-mizrita yuga (vikrama kI cauthI zatI se AThavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha taka) meM adhikAMza racanAeM prAkRta meM huI aura kucha-kucha saMskRta meM bhI / vikrama kI pAMcavIM se sAtavIM zatI ke madhya likhita Agama-cUrNiyoM meM mizrita bhASA kA prayoga milatA hai--prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta ke vAkya bhI prayakta haiN| AThavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM haribhadrasUri ne prathama bAra Agama kI vyAkhyA saMskRta meM likhii| vikrama kI gyArahavIM zatI ke uttaravartI saMskRta-prAkRta-mizrita yuga meM AgamoM kI adhikAMza vyAkhyAeM saMskRta meM hI likhI gii| anya sAhitya bhI adhikamAtrA meM saMskRta meM hI likhA gayA aura aneka vidhAoM meM likhA gyaa| gajarAta, mAlavA (madhyapradeza) aura dakSiNa bhArata meM likhA gayA aura rAjasthAna meM bhI likhA gyaa| Ayurveda Ayurveda kA sambandha jIvana se hai / jIvana kA saMbandha svAsthya se hai| svAsthya kA saMbandha hita-mita AhAra se hai / hita-mita AhAra karate hue bhI yadi roga utpanna ho jAya to cikitsA kI apekSA hotI hai / jaina vidvAnoM ne isa apekSA kI bhI yathAsambhava pUrti kI hai / unhoMne rAjasthAnI meM Ayurveda ke viSaya meM pracura sAhitya likhA / kucha graMtha saMskRta meM bhI likhe / harSakItimUri (vikrama kI 17 vIM zatI) kA yogacintAmaNi aura yati hastiruci vikrama kI 18vIM zatI) kA vaidya vallabha donoM prasiddha grantha hai| ye cikitsA-kSetra meM bahuta pracalita rahe haiM / ina para aneka vyAkhyAeM likhI gii| _1. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR. 174

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59 jyotiSa vikrama kI AThavIM zatI se jaina muniyoM aura yatiyoM ne jyotiSa ke grantha likhane zurU kie| yaha krama 19 vIM zatI taka claa| naracandrasari ne vi. saM. 1280 meM jyo (nAracandra jyotiSa) nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI / upAdhyAya naracandra ne vikrama kI caudahavIM zatI meM beDA jAtakavRtti, praznazataka, prazna caturviMzatikA Adi aneka grantha likhe / DA. nemicandra zAstrI ne inake granthoM kA mUlyAMkana karate hue likhA hai--'beDA jAtakavRtti meM lagna aura candramA se hI samasta phaloM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / yaha jAtaka-grantha atyanta upayogI hai / praznacatuvazitikA ke prArambha meM jyotiSa kA mahatvapUrNa gaNita likhA hai / grantha atyanta gUDha aura rahasyapUrNa hai / / upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne vikramI ke aThArahavIM zatI ke parvArdha meM varSa prabodha, ramalazAstra, hasta-saMjIvana Adi aneka grantha likhe| DaoN. nemicadra zAstrI ke anusAra inake phalita granthoM ko dekhane se saMhitA aura madrika zAstra se baMdhI prakANDa vidvattA kA patA sahaja meM laga jAtA madhya yuga meM jaina upAzraya zikSA, cikitsA aura jyotiSa ke kendra bana gae the| jaisejaise jana-samparka baDhA vaise-vaise loka-kalyANakArI pravRttiyAM aura tadviSayaka sAhitya kI mAtrA bddhii| stotra samUcA uttara bhArata bhakti kI lahara se AplAvita ho rahA thaa| Izvara aura guru kI stuti hI dharma kI pradhAna aMga bana rahI thii| jaina dharma bhI usa dhArA se aprabhAvita nahIM thaa| ina bAraha sau varSoM meM vipula mAtrA meM stotra race ge| stotra ke pATha kI pravRtti bhI vikasita kI gii| saMskRta nahIM jAnane vAle bhI stotra kA pATha karate the| isake sAtha zraddhA aura vighnavilaya kI bhAvanA donoM juDI huI thiiN| stotroM ke sAtha mantra-granthoM kA bhI nirmANa huaa| aihika siddhi ke lie mantra, yantra aura tantra tInoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| phalataH tInoM viSayoM para aneka granthoM kI racanA huii| yAtrA grantha jinaprabhasUri ne vi. saM. 1389 (I. saM. 1332) ma vividha-tIrtha-kalpa nAmaka grantha kA nirmANa kiyaa| tIrtha-yAtrA meM jo dekhA, usakA sajIva varNana haA hai| usameM bhakti, itihAsa aura carita tInoM eka sAtha milate haiM / mahAkAvya aura kAvya jana-sAdhAraNa meM saMskRta kA jJAna nahIM thaa| phira bhI usameM saMskRta aura saMskRta ke prati sammAna kA bhAva thaa| kucha loga sahRdaya the, ve kAvya ke marma ko samajhate the| kAvya 1. bhAratIya jyotiSa, pa. 102, saMskaraNa chaThA / 2. bhAratIya jyotiSa, pR. 109, saMskaraNa chaThA /

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60 cakti durlabha mAnI jAtI thii| rAjasthAna ke jaina kaviyoM ne kevala kAvyoM kI hI racanA nahIM kI, unameM kucha prayoga bhI kie| udAharaNa ke lie mahopAdhyAya samayasundara kI aSTalakSI, jinaprabhasUri ke yAzraya kAvya aura upAdhyAya meghavijaya ke saptasandhAna kAvya ko prastuta kiyA bA sakatA hai| aSTalakSI vi. saM. 1649 kI racanA hai| usameM 'rAjA no dadate saukhyam' ina ATha akSaroM ke ATha lAkha artha kie gae haiN| mahAkavi dhanaMjaya (gyArahavIM zatI) kA dvisandhAna kAvya tathA AcArya hemacandra kA dayAzraya kAvya pratiSThita ho cukA thaa| vikrama kI caudahavIM zatI meM jinaprabhasari ne zreNika DyAzraya kAvya likhaa| usameM kAtantra vyAkaraNa kI durgasiMha kRta vRtti ke udAharaNa aura mamadhapati zreNika kA jIvana carita--donoM eka sAtha calate haiM / vikrama kI aThArahavIM zatI meM upAdhyAya meghavijaya ne saptasaMdhAna kAvya kA nirmANa kiyaa| usa meM RSabha, zAntinAtha, ariSTanemi, pAva aura mahAvIra ina pAMca tIrthakaroM tathA rAma aura kRSNa ke carita nibaddha haiN| vikrama kI terahavIM zatI meM somaprabhAcArya ne sUkti-muktAvalI kI racanA kI / yaha subhASita-sUkta hone ke sAtha-sAtha prAMjala bhASA, prasAda-guNa-sampanna padAvalI aura kalAtmaka kati hai| inakI zrRMmAra-vairAgya-taraMgiNI bhI eka mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| sUkti-muktAvalI kA dUsarA nAma sindUraprakara hai| isa para aneka vyAkhyAeM likhI gii| isakA anusaraNa kara karpUra prakara, kastUrI prakara, hiMgula prakara Adi aneka sUkti-granthoM kA sRjana huaa| vikrama kI sAtavIM zatI taka jaina lekhaka dharma, darzana, nyAya, gaNita, jyotiSa, bhUgola khagola, jIvana-carita aura kathA mukhyataH ina viSayoM para hI likhate rhe| vikrama kI AThavIM zatI se lekhana kI dhArAeM vikasita hone lgiiN| usameM sAmAjikarAjanItika parivartana, sAmpradAyika pratispardhA aura saMgharSa, loka-saMgraha ke prati jhakAva, jana zAsana ke astitva kI surakSA, zakti-prayoga, zakti-sAdhanA, camatkAra-pradarzana, janatA ko AkarSita karane kA prayatna, bAhayAcAra para atirikta bala prAdi aneka kAraNa bne| bauddha kavi azvaghoSa kA buddhacarita khyAti bahata pA cakA thA / mahAkavi kAlidAsa, mAgha aura bhAravi ke kAvya prasiddhi ke zikhara para the| usa samaya jaina kaviyoM meM bhI saMskRtabhASA meM kAvya likhane kI manovRtti vikasita huii| rAjasthAna ke jaina lekhaka bhI isa pravRtti meM pIche nahIM rahe / mahAkAvyoM kI zrRMkhalA meM bhI aneka kAvyoM kI racanA huI unameM bharata-vAhabali-mahAkAvya kA ullekha anivArya hai| jainetara granthoM para TIkAeM jaina AcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ko udAratA kA daSTikoNa virAsata meM prApta thaa| unhoMne usakA upayoga sAhitya kI dizA meM bhI kiyaa| jaina lekhakoM ne bauddha aura vaidika sAhitya pa aneka vyAkhyAeM likhiiN| rAjasthAna ke jaina lekhaka isameM agraNI rahe haiM / haribhadrasari bauddha vidvAna diGanAga (IsA kI pAMcavIM zatI) ke nyAya-praveza para TikA likhii| pAva de gaNi (apara nAma zrIcandrasUri) ne vikrama kI bArahavIM zatI meM nyAya praveza para paMjikA likhI

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81 bauddha AcArya dharmadAsa ke vidagdhamukhamaNDana para jinaprabhasUri ne eka vyAkhyA likhI / kharatara-gacchIya jinarAjasari ne vikrama kI satarahavIM zatI meM naSadha-carita para TIkA vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatI meM vairATa ke aMcala-ganchIya zrAvaka vADava ne kumAra-saMbhava, meghadUta, raghuvaMza, mAgha Adi kAvyoM para avacUri vidhA kI vyAkhyAeM nirmita kii| siMhAvalokana rAjasthAna meM saMskRta kI saritA pravAhita huI, usameM jaina AcArya Adi-srota rahe haiN| IsA kI sAtavIM zatI meM mahAkavi mAgha (bhInamAla pradeza) apanI kAvya-zakti se rAjasthAna kI marudharA ko abhiSikta kara rahe the to dUsarI ora haribhadrasUri (cittauDa) apanI bahumukhI pratibhA se marudharA ke kaNa-kaNa ko prANavAna banA rahe the| isake uttarakAla meM bhI jaina lekhakoM kI lekhanI sabhI dizAoM meM anavarata clii| vaha Aja bhI gatizIla hai| vartamAna zatI meM rAjasthAna meM vihAra karane vAle jaina AcAryoM, sAdhu-sAdhviyoM aura lekhakoM ne aneka granthoM, kAvyoM, aura mahAkAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| saMskRta ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRttiyAM bhI pracalita hai| prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza Aja pracalita bhASAeM nahIM haiM phira bhI ye bahata samRddha bhASAeM haiN| vartamAna kI bhASA kA prayoga karate hue bhI inakA mUlya vismRta na karanAjaina paramparA kA yaha cirantana-sUtra Aja bhI usakI smRti meM hai| saMskRta ke vikAsa aura usakI pravRtti ke pIche bhI vaha sarvatra prANavAn rahA hai|

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saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: 2 - ma. vinayasAgara, sAhitya mahopAdhyAya bhAratIya saMskRta-sAhitya ke saMvardhana evaM saMrakSaNa meM jaina zramaNa paramparA ne abhUtapUrva kArya kiyA hai / jaina zramaNa sArvadezIya vidvAn evaM bhASAvid hote haiM / yaha zramaNa-yativarga apane dharma - AcAra paramparA ke anusAra sarvadA vicaraNazIla rahA karatA hai / pAdabhramaNa karatA huA eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna, eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza arthAta sAre bhArata meM pravAsa karatA rahatA hai / isa varga ke liye eka pradeza vizeSa kA bandhana nahIM hotA hai / pravAsakAla meM ina zramaNoM-muniyoM ke mukhyatayA do kArya hote haiM:- 1. adhyayana adhyApana ke sAtha svatantra lekhana, granthanirmANa aura prAcIna granthoM kI pratilipiyAM karanA / 2. lokabhASA meM dharma-pracAra karanA, upadeza dekara zAstra likhavAnA, jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita karavAnA, mandira mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa, pratiSThA, prAcIna mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karavAnA aura saMgha ke sAtha tIrthayAtrA karanA / ina kArya-kalApoM ke dvArA isa varga ne sarasvatI kI upAsanA ke sAtha-sAtha bhAratIya sthApatya kalA, mUrtikalA, citrakalA kA bhI saMvardhana aura rakSaNa kiyA hai, jo Aja bhI pratyakSa hai / isa rAjasthAna pradeza - marudharA ne aise sahasroM nara-ratna zramaNoM ko paidA kiyA hai jinhoMne apane kRtitva ke mAdhyama se isa kSaradeha ko akSaratva- zramaratva pradAna karane meM saphalatA prApta kI hai| rAjasthAna meM utpanna hue jaina zvetAmbara saMskRta - sAhityakAroM kA evaM rAjasthAna meM vicaraNa karate huye zramaNa lekhakoM kA yadi paricaya vyaktitva evaM kRtitva ke sAtha likhA jAya to kaI grantha likhe jA sakate haiM, jo isa nibandha meM saMbhava nahIM hai / ataeva nibandha ko do vibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA rahA hai- 1. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMskRta-sAhityakAra, aura 2. rAjasthAna meM racita saMskRta-sAhitya kI sUcI / 1. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMskRta sAhityakAra antaH sAkSya pramANoM ke dvArA athavA unake dvArA racita granthoM kI bhASA ke Aloka meM jinakI janmabhUmi nivAsa yA sAhityika kAryakSetra rAjasthAna pradeza nizcita hai aura jinhoMne devavANI meM racanAyeM kI haiM unameM se pramukha pramukha katipaya sAhityakAroM kA sAmAnya paricaya isa vibhAga meM de rahA hUM / haribhadrasUri1 re -- samaya 757 se 857 citrakUTa (cittauDa ) samartha vidvAn evaM rAjapurohita / jAti brAhmaNa / sAdhvI yAkinI mahattarA se pratibodhita hokara jinadattasUri ke pAsa dIkSA / bhavavirahAMka vizeSaNa yA upanAma / mahAn siddhAntakAra, dArzanika, vicAraka, mahAkavi evaM sarvazreSTha TIkAkAra / zvetAmbara paramparA inako AptapuruSa aura inake vacanoM ko AptavacanoM kI koTi meM sthAna detI AI hai / paramparAnusAra inake dvArA racita 1444 grantha mAne jAte haiM / vartamAna meM prApta granthoM meM se katipaya viziSTa grantha nimna haiM:-- anuyogadvAra sUtra TIkA, Avazyaka sUtra vRhadvRtti, Avazyaka niryukti TIkA, jambUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra TokA, jIvAbhigama sUtra laghuvRtti, tatvArthasUtra TIkA, dazavaikAlika sUtra TIkA, nandI sUtra TIkA, piNDaniryukti TIkA, prajJApanA sUtra pradezavyAkhyA, lalitavistArA - caitthavandana sUtra vRtti Adi Agamika TIkA grantha /

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63 anekAntavAda praveza, anekAntajayapatAkA, diG nAgakRtaM nyAyapraveza sUtra TIkA, nyAyavinizcaya, nyAyAvatAra TIkA, lokatatvanirNaya, zAstravArtAsamuccaya, sarvajJasiddhiprakaraNa Adi nyAya-darzana ke maulika evaM TIkA grantha / yogadRSTisamuccaya, yogabindu, yogazataka, yogaviMzikA Adi yogazAstra ke grantha / upadezapada, paJcAzaka Adi prakaraNa grantha aura samarAiccakahA Adi kAvya prAkRta bhASA meM hai| 2. siddharSisUri--samaya 10vIM zatI / nirvRttikulIya zrI durgasvAmI ke ziSya / durgasvAmI kA svargavAsa bhinnamAla meM huA thaa| dIkSA dAtA gargasvAmI / Agama, nyAya-darzana aura siddhAntoM ke mUrdhanya vidvAn / nimna racanAyeM prApta haiN| upamitibhavaprapaJcakathA ra.saM.962 bhinnamAla, candrakevalI caritra ra.saM.974, upadezamAlA vRhadavRtti evaM laghuvRtti, nyAyAvatAra TIkA / upamitimavaprapaJca kathA eka vizAla evaM zreSThatama mahArUpaka grantha hai| yaha samasta bhAratIya bhASAoM meM hI nahIM, 3 va-sAhitya meM prAcInatama aura maulika rUpaka upanyAsa hai| 3. jinezvarasUri--samaya lagabhaga 1050 se 1110 / madhyadeza nivAsI kRSNa ke putra / dIkSA se pUrva nAma zrIdhara / dhArAnagarI meM dIkSA / garu vrdhmaanmuuri| kharataragaccha ke saMsthApaka prathama AcArya / saM. 1066-1078 ke madhya meM aNahilapurapattana meM mahArAjA durlabharAja kI adhyakSatA meM caityavAsI sUrAcArya prati pramakha AcAryoM ke sAtha shaastraarth| zAstrArtha ma vijaya aura kharatara viruda praapti| kAya kSatra rAjasthAna evaM gujraat| pramakha racanAyeM pramAlakSma svopajJa TIkA saha ra. saM 1080 jAlora, aSTaka prakaraNa TIkA saM. 1080 jAlora, kathAkoSa prakaraNa svopajJa TIkA saha ra. saM. 1108 DIDavANA, nirvANalIlAvatI kathA (aprApta) Adi anya 7 grantha prAkRta bhASA meM haiN| pramAlakSma jaina darzana pratipAdaka Adyagrantha hai / 4. buddhisAgarasUri---pUrvokta jinezvarasUri ke lghubhraataa| dIkSA-pUrva nAma zrIpati / pramukha racanA hai paJcagranthI vyAkaraNa aparanAma buddhisAgara vyAkaraNa ra. saM. 1080 jAlaura / yaha zvetAmbara samAja kA sarvaprathama evaM maulika vyAkaraNa grantha hai| AcArya hemacandra ne bhI isa vyAkaraNa kA apane vyAkaraNa siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana aura TIkA granthoM meM upayoga kiyA hai| varddhamAnasari racita manoramA caritra prazasti (ra. saM. 1140) ke anusAra buddhisAgarasUri ne chandaH zAstra, nighaNTu (koSa), kAvya, nATaka, kathA, prabandha Adi aneka viSayoM ke granthoM kI racanA kI thI, kintu ve saba grantha Aja aprApta haiN| 5. jinavallabhasUri---samaya lagabhaga 1090 se 1167 / kharataragaccha / mUlataH karcapuragacchIya jinezvarasUri ke ziSya / navAMgaTIkAkAra abhayadevasUri ke pAsa zratAmyAsa aura upsmpdaa| cittauDa meM devabhadrAcArya dvArA 1167 ASADha meM AcArya pada pradAna kara "abhayadevasari ke paTaTa para sthApana / 1167 kArtika mAsa, cittauDa meM hI svargavAsa / kAryakSetra cittauDa Adi rAjasthAna, gujarAta aura paMjAba / Agama-siddhAnta, sAhityazAstra aura jyotiSa ke prakANDa vidvAn / pramukha racanAyeM haiM:-- 1. vizeSa paricaya ke liye lekhaka kI 'vallabha-bhAratI' dekheN| vizeSa paricaya ke liye dekheM, vllbh-bhaartii|

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dharmazikSA prakaraNa, saMghapaTTaka, zrRMgArazataka, praznottare kaSaSTizatakAvya, aSTa saptatikA aparanAma citrakUTIya vIra caityaprazasti ( 1163) evaM bhAvArivAraNa stotrAdi anekoM stotra / 64 sUkSmArthavicArasAroddhAra, Agamika vastuvicArasAra, piNDavizuddhi, svapnasa tikA, dvAdazakulaka evaM katipaya stotra prAkRta bhASA meM haiM / 6. jinapatisUri--- -- samaya 1210-1277 / kharataragaccha 1 guru maNidhArI jinacandrasUri / janma 1210 vikramapura ( bIkamapura, jaisalamera ke nikaTa ) | mAtA-pitA mAlhU gotrIya yazovardhana evaM sUhavadevI / dIkSA 1217 | dIkSAnAma narapati / AcArya pada 1223 | svargavAsa 1277 / mukhyakArya 1228 AzikA meM nRpati bhImasiMha ke samakSa mahAprAmANika digambara vidvAn ke sAtha zAstrArtha meM vijaya, 1239ajamera meM antima hindU samraT pRthvIrAja cauhAna kI sabhA meM padyaprabha ke sAtha zAstrArtha meM vijaya, aura pradyumnAcArya ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha meM vijaya / pramukha racanAyeM haiM :-- saMghapaTTaka vRhadvRtti, paJcaliMgI prakaraNa TIkA, prabodhodaya vAdasthala aura katipaya stotra | 7. atisUri / jinapAlopAdhyAya -- samaya 1217 se 1311 / kharataragaccha / guru jinadIkSA 1225 puSkara / vAcanAcArya 1251 kuhiyapagrAma / upAdhyAya pada 1269 jAlora / 1311 pAlanapura meM svargavAsa / 1273 bRhadvAra meM nagarakoTTIya rAjAdhirAja pRthvIcandra kI sabhA meM kAzmIrI paNDita manodAnanda ke sAtha zAstrArtha meM vijaya / candratilakopAdhyAya zraura prabodhacandragaNi ke vidyAguru / svadarzana ke sAtha nyAya, alaMkAra, sAhitya-zAstra ke prauDha vidvAn evaM saphala TIkAkAra | pramukha kRtiyA~ haiN| --- sanatkumAracakricarita mahAkAvya 2 SaTsthAnakaprakaraNa TIkA ( 1262 ), upadeza rasAyana vivaraNa (1292), dvAdazakulaka vivaraNa ( 1293 ), dharmazikSA vivaraNa ( 1293 ), carcarI vivaraNa ( 1294 ) aura yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI sanatkumAracakricarita zizupAlavadha kI koTi kA zreSTha vArya gurvAvalI aitihAsika dRSTi se eka advitIya racanA hai / (1305) Adi / hai aura pradhAnA 8. lakSmItilakopAdhyAya -- samaya lagabhaga 1275 se 1340 / kharataragaccha / guru jinezvarasUri dvitIya / dIkSA 1288 jAlora / bAcanAcArya pada 1312 / upAdhyAya 1317 jAlora / saM. 1333 meM jinaprabodhasUri kI adhyakSatA meM jAlora se nikale tIrthayAtrA saMgha meM sammilita the / atikopAdhyAya aura candratilakopAdhyAya ke vidyAguru | pUrNakalaza gaNi racita 'prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya TIkA' ( 1307), abhayatilaka racita 'paMcasthAna nyAyatarka vyAkhyA', candratilaka racita 'abhayakumAra caritra' ( 1312 ), prabodhacandra gaNi kRta 'saMdehadolAvalI TIkA' ( 1320 ), dharmatilaka racita 'ullAsistotra TIkA ' ( 1322 ) Adi anekoM granthoM ke saMzodhaka / mahAkavi evaM sArvadezIya vidvAn / pramukha racanAyeM haiM : pratyekabuddhacaritra mahAkAvya ( 1311 ) aura zrAvaka dharma vRhadvRtti ( 1317 jAlora) / 1. dekheM, kharataragacchAlaGkAra yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI | 2. ma. vinayasAgara dvArA sampAdita hokara rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna jodhapura se prakAzita /

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6 9. abhayatilakopAdhyAya :-samaya 13vIM-14 vIM zatI / kharataragaccha / guru janazvarasUri vitIya / dIkSA 1201 jAlora / upAdhyAya para 1310 / nyAya aura kAmyabhArata ke prauDha vidvAn / pramukha racanAyeM hai:-hemacandrIya saMskRta zyAzraya kAvya TIkA (1313), paMcaprasthAna nyAyatakaM vyAsthA, pAnIya baarsyl| 10. jinaprabhasUti samaya magabhaga 1326 se 1393 | madhu barataragaccha / gura jinsiNhsuuri| janmasthAna mohilavADI (ansana ke aaspaas)| mAtA-pitA zrImaoNlabazIpa tAmbIgotrIya zreSThI ratnapAla aura khetldevii| dIkSA 1326 / bhAcAryapada 1341 / mahAbhAvika evaM camatkArI baacaary| muhammada tugalaka ke pratibodhaka evaM dhrmguru| kanyAnayanIya mahAvIra pratimA ke uddhAraka / vihAra kSetra-rAjasthAna, gujarAta, vihAra, uttara pradeza, paMjAba, dakSiNa, kITaka mora liMga / kAryakSetra dillI aura devgiri| pramukha banAyeM: proNaka paritra (zyAzraya kAvya, 1358), kalpasUtra saMdeha-viSauSadhi TIkA (1364), sAdhupratikramaNasUtra TIkA (1384), SaDAvazyaka TIkA, banuyoga catuSTaya vyAkhyA, pravajyAbhidhAna rIkA, viSimArgaprathA (1383), kAtantravimrama TIkA (1352), anekArthasaMgraha TIkA, zeSa saMgraha TIkA, vidagdhamukhamaNDana TIkA (1388), gAyatrI vivaraNa, sUrimantravRhatkalpa vivaraNa, rahasya kalpadruma aura vividha tIrtha-kalpa Adi anekoM grantha / stotra-sAhitya meM lagabhaga 80 stotra prApta hai| tIrthoM kA itihAsa-isa dRSTi se vividhatIrthakalpa bhabhUtapUrva, maulika bhaura aitihAsika tathyoM se paripUrNa racanA hai| ____ 11. jinakuzalasUriH-samaya 1337 se 1389 / kharataragacha / guru kalikAla kalpatara jinacandrasUri / zvetAmbara samAja meM tIsare dAdAjI ke nAma se prasikhatama bhAcArya / bhanma 1337 sivAnA / mAtA-pitA chAjahara gotrIya Tha. jaisala evaM jayatazrI / dIkSA 1346 sivAnA / vAcanAcArya pada 1375 nAgaura / dIkSA nAma kuzalakIti / bhAcArya pada 1377 pATaNa / svargavAsa 1379 devarAjapura (derAvara) / saM. 1383 bADamera meM racita. "caityavandanakulaka vRtti" inakI mukhya kRti hai / kaI stotra bhI prApta hai / 12. jinavarddhanasUri:--samaya 15vIM zatI / kharataragaccha / guru jinarAjasUri / 'AcArya pada 1461 devakulapATaka / inake samaya meM kharataragaccha kI pippalaka zAkhA kA 1469 jaisalamera meM udbhava huA / kAryakSetra jaisalamera aura mevADa / 1473 jaisalamera meM lakSmaNavihAra kI pratiSThA / saptapadArthI TIkA (1474), vAgbhaTAlaMkAra TIkA, pratyekabuddha caritra aura satyapuramaMDana mahAvIra stotra inakI mukhya kRtiyAM haiM / - 1. draSTavya, ma. vinaya sAgara : zAsana pramAka AcArya jinaprema aura unakA saahity|

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... 13. jinamadrasUri:--samaya 1449-1514 / kharataragaccha / guru jinarAjasUri / banma 1449 / jammamAma rAmaNakumAra / mAtA-pitA chAjahara gotrIya sA. dhANika evaM talade / dImA 1461 / bhAcAryapada 1475 / svargavAsa 1514 kuMmalamera / pramukha kAryabaisalamera, jAlora, devagiri, mAgora, pATaNa, mAravagaDha, AzApallI, karNAvatI pora khaMbhAta mAdi sthAnoM para inhoMne jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita kiye aura sahanoM naye grantha likhavAkara, saMgoSana kara ina maMgaroM meM sthApita kiye / jaisalamera kA jJAna bhaNDAra bAja bhI ApakI kauti-patAkA ko majhuNNa rakhakara vizva meM phaharA rahA hai| inhoMne sahanoM mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThAyeM evaM banekoM kvIna mandiroM kI sthApanA kI / racanAyeM nimna hai : sUrimantrakalpa, zatrujjaya laghumAhAtmya, stotrAdi / jinasattarI prAkRta bhASA meM hai / 14 vADavaH--jaina zvetAmbara upAsaka varga ke ine-gine sAhityakAroM-kavi padamAnanda, usakura phera, mantrI maNana, mantrI dhanada Adi ke sAtha TIkAkAra vADava kA nAma bhI gaurava ke sAtha liyA jA sakatA hai| vADava jaina zvetAmbara aJcalagacchIya upAsaka bAvaka thaa| vaha virATa nagara vartamAna bairATha (alavara ke pAsa, rAjasthAna pradeza) kA nivAsI thA / saMskRta sAhityazAstra aura jaina sAhitya kA prauDha vidvAn evaM saphala TIkAkAra thA / isakA samaya vaikramIya pandrahavIM zatI kA uttarAkhaM hai| isane aneka granthoM para TIkAyeM likhI thIM kintu dukhaH hai ki Aja to usakA koI anya hI prApta hai aura na jaina itihAsa yA vidvAnoM meM ullekha hI prApta hai / mArava kI ekamAtra apUrNa kRti "vRttaratnAkara avadhUri" (15vIM zatI ke antima caraNa kI lilI) mere nijI saMgraha meM hai| isakI prazasti ke anusAra vADava ne jima-jima granthoM para TIkAyeM lakhI hai, unake nAma usane isa prakAra diye haiM:1. kumArasambhava kAvya apari 2. meSabUta kAvya avacUri 3. raghuvaMza kAmya avaghari 4 mASa kAvya avacUri kirAtArjunIya kAya avacUri kalyANa mandira stoSa 7. bhaktAmara stotra navari . pAzrvanAma stotra 2. jIrApalkI pAvanApa stotra mavari 10. tripurA stotra avacUri 1. vRttaralAkara avacUri 12. vAgmaTAlaMkAra avacUri 13. vidagdhamukhamaNDana avacUri 14. yogazAstra (4 madhyAya) avapari 15. vItarAga stotra mavacUri avari apacara pADava kI anya kRtiyAM jo aprApta hai unake liye zoSa vidvAnoM kA kartavya hai ki khoja karake anya pranyoM ko prApta kareM aura vAgva ke vyaktitva evaM kRtitva para vizeSa prakAza ddaaleN| 15. cAritravarddhanaH-samaya lagabhaga 1470 se 1520 / laghu kharataragaccha / guru lyANarAja / kArya kSetra munjhunU ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza / pratimAzAlI aura bahuzruta vidvAn / raveSa-sarasvatI upanAma / khyAtiprApta samartha TIkAkAra / pramukha racanAyeM hai :-- raghuvaMza TIkA, kumArasambhava TIkA (1492), zizupAlavaSa TIkA, naSaSakAvya TIkA 1511), meghadUta TIkA, rAghavapANDavIya TIkA, sindUra prakara TIkA (1505), mAvArivAraNa evaM kalyANa mandira stotra TIkA / cAritravana ne ina TIkAoM kI racanA apane upAsakoM kI mAna-vRddhi ke liye kI hai| sase spaSTa hai ki Tha. arakamalla aura Tha. sahalamalla, bhISaNa Adi bhI saMskRta ke acche badvAn the|

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___16. jayasAgaropAdhyAyaH--samaya lagabhaga 1450-1515 kharataragaccha / guru jinarAjasUri / janma nAma jayadatta / mAtA-pitA daraDAgotrIya AsarAja aura sokhU / inhIM ke bhAI maNDalIka Adi ne AbU meM kharataraksahI kA nirmANa krvaayaa| kAryakSetra-jaisalamera, AbU, gujarAta, sindha, paMjAba, himAcala / zrIvallama ke kathanAnusAra inhoMne sahasroM stuti. stotroM kI racanA kI thii| mukhya kRtiyAM nimna hai : vijJapti triveNI (1484), pRthvIcandra paritra (1503), jaisalamera zAntinAtha jinAlaya prazasti (1493), saMdehadolAvalI TIkA, gurupAratantrya stotra TIkA, mAvArivAraNa stotra TIkA Adi evaM anekoM stotra / vijJapti triveNI eka aitihAsika vijJapti patra hai / nagarakoTa, kAMgaDA Adi tIrthoM kA durlabha vivaraNa isameM prApta hai / 17. kIrtiratnasUriH-samaya 1449-1525 | kharataragaccha / guru jinavardhanasUri / janma 1449 / nAma delhAkuvara / mAtA-pitA zaMkhavAla gotrIya zAha kocara ke vaMzaja dIpA aura devalade / dIkSA 1463, nAma kIrtirAja / vAcanAcArya 1470 / upAdhyAya pada 1480 mahevA / AcAryapada 1497 jaisalamera / AcArya nAma kItiratnasUri / svargavAsa 1525 vIramapura / nAkoDA pArzvanAtha tIrtha ke pratiSThApaka / inakI ziSya paramparA kIrtiratnasUri zAkhA ke nAma se calI A rahI hai / neminAtha mahAkAvya inakI viziSTa racanA hai / 18. jinahasasUriH-samaya 1524 se 1582 / kharataragaccha / guru jinasamudrasUri / janma 1524 / satrAvA nivAsI copaDA gotrIya megharAja aura kamalAde ke putra / dIkSA 15 35 bIkAnera / AcArya pada 1555 / bAdazAha ko dhaulapura meM camatkAra dikhAkara 500 kaidiyoM ko chuDavAyA / svargavAsa 1582 / AcArAMgasUtra dIpikA (1572 bIkAnera) inako pramukha racanA hai| 19. yumapradhAna jinacandrasUriH-samaya 1598-1670 / kharataragaccha / guru bina mANikyasari / janma 1598, nAma sulatAna kumAra / baDalI nivAsI rIhaDa gotrIya zrIvaMta evaM siriyAdevI ke putra / dIkSA 1604 / dIkSA nAma sumatiSIra / bAcAryapada 1612 jaisalamera / kriyovAra 1614 bIkAnera / 1617 pATaNa meM sarvagacchIya AcAryoM ke sammukha dharmasAmaropAdhyAya ko utsUtravAdI ghoSita kiyaa| 1648 lAhora meM samrATa akabara se milana aura pratibodha / akabara dvArA yugapradhAna pada prApta / svargavAsa 1670 bilADA / kAryakSetra rAjasthAna, gujarAta, paMjAba / anekoM pratiSThAyeM evaM kaI yAtrA-saMghoM kA saMcAlana / pramukha makta bIkAnera ke mahAmaMtrI karmacandra bacchAvata badera ahamadAbAda ke zreSThi zivA soma / mukhya kRti pauSadhavidhi prakaraNa TIkA (1617) hai| 20 mahopAdhyAya puNyasAgara:-samaya 16vIM evaM 17vIM zato / kharataragaccha / guru jinahaMsasUri / pramukha racanAyeM haiM : jambUdvIpaprajJapti sUtra TIkA (1645 jaisalamera) aura praznottaraikaSaSTizata kAvya TIkA (1640 biikaaner)|. inake ziSya padmarAja bhI saMskRta ke acche vidvAna the| jinakI bhAvArivAraNa pAdapUrti svora TIkA saha (1658, jaisalamera), 'cita' daNDaka stuti TIkA (1644 phalavaddhi) bhAvikarutiyAM prApta hai|

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68 21. jinarAjasUri :-- samaya 1647-1699 / kharataragaccha / guru jinasidasUri / janma 1647 bokAnera / bohitharA gotrIya dharmasI dhAralade ke putra / janma nAma khetasI / dIkSA 1656 | dIkSA nAma rAjasamudra / upAdhyAya pada 1668 AsAula | AcArya pada 1674 meDatA / svargavAsa 1699 1 1675 zatruJjaya kharataravasahI, lodravA tIrtha aura sahasroM jinamUrtiyoM ke pratiSThApaka / navyanyAya aura sAhityazAstra ke prakANDa paNDita / pramukha racanAeM hai : TIkA / naiSaghIya mahAkAvya jainarAjI TIkA (zloka parimANa 36000 ) aura bhagavatI sUtra 22. mahopAdhyAya samayasundara 1:-- samaya lagabhaga 1610-1703 / kharataragaccha / guru sakalacandra gaNi / sAMcaura nivAsI prAgvATa jJAtIya rUpasI lIlAdevI ke putra / janma lagabhaga 1610 | gaNipada 1640 jaisalamera / vAcanAcArya pada 1649 lAhora / upAdhyAya pada 1671 laverA / svargavAsa 1703 | kArya kSetra rAjasthAna, gujarAta, uttara pradeza, sindha aura paMjAba | siddhapura (sindha) kA adhikArI makhanama mahamUda zekha kAjI, jaisalamera ke rAvala bhIrmAsaha, khaMbhAta, maMDovara aura meDatA ke zAsakoM ko prabhAvita kara jIvahasA niSedha aura amArI paTaha kI ghoSaNA karavAI / 17vIM zatI kA sarvatomukhI aura sarvazreSTha vidvAn / saM. 1649 meM kAzmIra vijaya ke samaya samrATa akabara ke sanmukha 'rAjA no dadate saukhyam' caraNa ke pratyeka akSara ke eka-eka lAkha artha arthAt ATha akSaroM ke ATha lAkha artha kara maSTalakSI grantha racA / pramukha pramukha kRtiyAM nimnAMkita haiM: CL sArasvata vRtti, sArasvata rahasya, liMgAnuzAsana avacUrNi, aniTkArikA, sArasvatIya zabda rUpAvalI Adi vyAkaraNa ke grantha / aSTalakSI, meghadUta prathamapadyasya trayo arthAH, Adi anekArthI sAhitya | hasUri padotsava kAvya ( raghuvaMza pAdapUrti), raghuvaMza TIkA; kumArasaMbhava TIkA, meghadUta TIkA, zizupAlavadha tRtIya sarga TIkA, rUpakamAlA avacUri, RSabha bhaktAmara (bhaktAmara pAdapUrti) Adi kAvya grantha evaM TIkAyeM / bhAvazataka, vAgbhaTAlaMkAra TIkA, vRttaratnAkara TIkA, maMgalavAda Adi lakSaNa nyAya ke grantha / kalpasUtra TIkA, dazavekAlika sUtra TIkA, navatatva prakaraNa TIkA; samAcArI zataka vizeSa saMgraha, vizeSa zataka, gAthA sahasrI, saptasmaraNa TIkA Adi anekoM Agamika saiddhAMtika aura stotra sAhitya para racanAyeM evaM TIkAyeM / samayasundara ke ziSya vAdI harSanandana kI nimnalikhita racanAyeM prApta haiM :- madhyAhna pAspAnapaddhati (1673), RSi maNDala vRtti (1704), sthAnAMga sUtra gAthAgata vRtti (1705), uttarAdhyayana sUtra TIkA (1711) Adi / 23. mahopAdhyAya guNavinayaH -- samaya lagabhaga 1615-1675 | kharataragaccha; kSemakIti zAkhA / guru jayasomopAdhyAya / vAcaka pada 1649 / svargavAsa 1675 ke lagabhaga / Ti. 1. dekheM, ma. vinayasAgara mahopAdhyAya samamasundara

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69 kAryakSetra adhikAMzata: rAjasthAna / samrAT jahAMgIra dvArA 'kavirAja' pada prApta / pramukha racanAyeM haiM : khaNDaprazasti TIkA! (1641), nemidUta. TIkA (1644), damayantI kathA pampU TIkA (1646), raghuvaMza TIkA (1646), vairAgyazataka TIkA (1647), sambodha saptati TIkA (1651), karmacandravaMza prabandha TIkA (1656), laghuzAnti stavaM TIkA (1659); zIlopadezamAlA laghu vRtti Adi 13 TIkA grantha / 'savvatthazabdArya samuccaya' 'anekArthI grantha aura 'huNDikA (1657) saMgraha graMtha hai / guNavinaya ke ziSya gamatikIti racita dazAzrutaskandha TIkA aura guNakitva SoDazikA bhI prApta hai / 24. zrIvallabhopAdhyAya :-samaya lagabhaga 1620-1687 / kharataragaccha / guru zAnavimalopAdhyAya / kAryakSetra-jodhapura, nAgaura, bIkAnera, gujarAta / mahAkavi, bahuzrutajJa, vyAkaraNa-koSa ke mUrdhanya vidvAn aura saphala TIkAkAra / pramukha kRtiyAM nimnalikhita haiM: vijayadevamAhAtmya kAvya, sahasradalakamalagarbhita arajina stava svopaja TIkA. sahara vidvatprabodhakAvya, saMghapati rUpajI vaMza prazasti, mAtRkAzlokamAlA, caturdazasvarasthApana vAdasthala Adi 8 maulika kRtiyAM / haimanAmamAlA zeSasaMgraha TIkA, haimanAmamAlA. ziloJcha TIkA, haimaliMgAnuzAsana durgapradaprabodha TIkA, haimanighaNTuzeSa TIkA, abhidhAnacintAmaNi nAmamAlA TIkA, sirahemazabdAnuzAsana TIkA, vidagdhamukhamaNDana TIkA Adi 12 TIkA grantha / 25. sahajakIrti :-samaya 17vIM zatI, / kharataragaccha / guru hemanandana / kAryakSetra rAjasthAna / pramukha racanAyeM hai : kalpasUtra TIkA (1685), anekazAstrasamuccaya, gautamakulaka. TIkA (1671), phalavaddhi pArzvanAtha mAhAtmya kAvya, vairAgyazataka, ajuprAjJa vyAkaraNa, sArasvata TIkA (1881) sikhazabdArNava nAmakoSa, zatadalakamalabaddha pArzvanAtha stotra Adi / 26. guNaratna :-samaya 17vIM zatI / kharataragaccha / guru vinayapramoda / nyAya lakSaNa, kAvya-zAstra ke prauDha vidvAn / kAryakSetra rAjasthAna / pramukha racanAyeM hai: kAvyaprakAza TIkA, tarkabhASA dIkA, sArasvata TIkA (1641),raghuvaMza TIkA (1687) maMgalavAda yAdi / 1.4. ma.vinayasAgara dvArA sampAdita hokara rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodha se prakAzita / 2. 3. ma.vinayasAgara dvArA sampAdita hokara sumatisadana, koTA se prakAzita / 5. ma. vinayasAgara dvArA sampAdita hokara kA. da. bhAratIya saMskRti vidyA mandira vahamadAbAva se prakAzita /

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70 27. sUracandra :-- samaya 17vIM zatI / kharataragaccha / guru vIrakalaza / kArya kSetra rAjasthAna / darzana aura sAhitya zAstra kA prakANDa - paNDita / pramukha racanAyeM haiM : sthUlabhadraguNamAlAkAvya [ ( 1680), jainatatvasAra svopajJa TIkA saha ( 1679 ) ; aSTArthI zloka vRtti, padaikaviMzati, zAMtilaharI, zrRMgAra rasamAlA (1659), paMcatIrthI zleSAlaMkAra citrakAvya Adi / 28. meghavijayopAdhyAyaH - samaya lagabhaga 1685-1760 / tapAgaccha / guru kRpAvijaya / kAryakSetra rAjasthAna aura gujarAta / bahumukhI pratibhAsampanna viziSTa vidvAn evaM kAvya - sAhitya, vyAkaraNa, anekArtha, nyAya, jyotiSa, sAmudrika Adi anyAnya viSayoM ke prakANDa paNDita / pramukha racanAyeM haiN| --- saptasandhAna mahAkAvya ( 1760 ), digvijaya mahAkAvya, zAntinAtha caritra ( naiSadhapAda - pUrti); devAnanda mahAkAvya ( mAgha pAdapUrti), kirAta samasyA pUrti, meghadUta samasyAlekha (meghadUta pAdapUrti), laghutriSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra, bhaviSyadatta caritra, paMcAkhyAna, candraprabhA vyAkaraNa (1757 ), hemazabdacandrikA, hemazabdaprakriyA, cintAmaNi parIkSA, yuktiprabodha, meghamahodayavarSa - bodha, hastasaMjIvana, udayadIpikA, vIsAyantravidhi, mAtRkA prasAda ( 1747 ), arhadgItA Adi 38 kRtiyAM prApta haiM / 28. mahimodaya :- samaya 18vIM zatI / kharataragaccha / guru matihaMsa / kAryakSetra rAjasthAna / jyotiSa zAstra kA vidvAn / pramukha kRtiyAM haiM :-- sTasiddhi, janmapatrI paddhati, jyotiSa ratnAkara (1722), paJcAMgAnayana vidhi (1722) ; prema jyotiSa (1723), SaTpaJcAzikAvRtti bAlAvabodha Adi / 30. yazasvarasAgara ( jasavaMtasAgara ) :-- samaya 18vIM zatI / tapAgaccha / guru yazaHsAgara / nyAya-varzana aura jyotiSa ke zreSTha vidvAn / kAryakSetra rAjasthAna / nimnAMkita sAhitya prApta hai : --- vicAraSatrizikA avacUri (1721), bhAvasaptatikA (1740), jaina saptapadArtha (1757 ); pramANavAdArtha (1757 sAMgAnera), vAdArtha nirUpaNa, syAdvAdamuktAvalI, stavanana prahalAda vArtika (1760), yazorAjI rAjapaddhati Adi / 31. lakSmIvallabhopAdhyAya : -- samaya 18vIM zatI / kharataragaccha kSemakIrtizAkhA / guru lakSmIkIti / kAryakSetra rAjasthAna / pramukha racanAeM haiM :-- kalpasUtra TIkA, uttarAdhyayana sUtra TIkA, kAlikAcArya kathA, kumArasaMbhava TIkA, mAtRka dharmopadeza svopajJa TIkA saha, saMsAradAvA pAdapUtyatmaka pArzvanAtha stotra Adi / 32. dharmavarddhana :-samaya 1700-1883-84 / kharataragaccha / guru vijagraha janma 1700 | janmanAma dharmasI / dIkSA 1713 | upAdhyAya pada 1740 | svargavAra 1783-84 ke madhya / pramukha racanAyeM h vIramaktAmara svopajJa TIkA sahita aura aneka stotra |

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33. mahopAdhyAya rAmavinaya (rUpacandra):--samaya 17341835 | kharataragaccha omakIrtizAlA / guru dayAsiha / osavAla mAMcaliyA motra / janma nAma rUpacandra jo banta taka prasiddha rahA / dIkSA nAma rAmavijaya / dIkSA 1755 bilhAbAsa / svargavAsa 1835paalii| kAryakSetra jodhapura, bIkAnera / bhaneka bhASAmoM mora bhaneka viSayoM ke pragADha vidvAn / pramukha racanAyeM hai: gautamIya mahAkAvya (1807), guNamAlA prakaraNa, siddhAnta pandrikA TIkA, sAdhvAcAra patriMzikA, mahurtamaNimAlA (1801), SabhASAmaya patra (1787) Adi / maho. rAmavijaya ke ziSya puNyazIla gaNi kRta jayadevIya gItagovinda kI pati para 'caturvizati jina stavanAni svopaja TIkA saha aura 'jJAnAnanda prakAza prApta hai / aura inhIM ke praziSya zivacandropAdhyAya kRta aneka kRtiyAM prApta hai| jinameM se mukhya ye haiM :-- ... pradyumna lIlA prakAza (1879), vizatipada.prakAza, sikha saptatikA, bhAvanA prakAza, mUlarAja guNavarNana samudrabandha kAvya (1861) aura aneka stotra / 34. mahopAdhyAya kSamAkalyANa :--samaya 1801 se 1872 / kharataragaccha / guru amRtadharma / janma 1801 kesrdesr| mAlDU gotra / dIkSA 1812 / svargavAsa 1872 / inakI vidvattA ke saMbaMdha meM muni jinavijaya jI ne tarkasaMgraha ke prakAzakIya vaktavya (pR.2) meM likhA hai:-- "rAjasthAna ke jaina vidvAnoM meM eka uttama koTi ke vidvAn the aura bhanya prakAra se antima prauDha paNDita the| inake bAda rAjasthAna meM hI nahIM anyatra mIisa zreNI kA koI jaina vidvAna nahIM humA " inakI prApta racanAoM meM mukhya racanAyeM nimna haiM - __ tarkasaMgraha phakkikA (1827), bhUdhAtuvRti (1829), samarAditya kevalI caritra pUrvArTa, ambara caritra, yazodharaM caritra, gautamIya mahAkAvya TIkA, sUkti ratnAvalI svopana kA saha, vijJAna candrikA, kharataragaccha paTaTAvalI, jIvavicAra TIkA, parasamayasAra vicAra saMgraha praznottara sArdazataka, sAghu-prAvaka virSi prakAza, maSTAhanikAdi parvavyAkhyAna, caityavandana caturvizati mAdi anekoM grantha evaM katipaya stotra / 35. jinamaNisAgarasUri :-samaya 1944-2007 / kharataragaccha / guru mahopAdhyAya sumatisAgara / janma 1944bAMkaDiyA baDagAMva / janma nAma manazI / dIkSA 1980 paaliitaannaa| AcArya pada 2000 bIkAnera / svargavAsa 2007 mAlavADA / sAgarAnandasUri, vijaya vallamasUri aura cauthamala jI Adi ke sAtha zAstrArtha / pramukha kArya AgamoM kA rASTra bhASA meM anuvAda / kArya kSetra koTA, bambaI, kalakattA / jaina zAstroM ke zreSTha vidvAn / saMskRta bhASA meM eka hI kRti prApta hai-sAdhvI vyAkhyAna nirNaya / anya kRtiyAM SaTkalyANaka nirNaya, paryuSaNA nirNaya, kyA pRthvI sthira hai ? devArcana eka dRSTi, sAdhvI vyAkhyAna nirNaya, AgamAnusAra muMhapati nirNaya, deva dravya nirNaya Adi hindI bhASA meM prApta hai| 36. buddhimani gaNi:-samaya lagabhaga 1950 se 20251 kharataragaccha zrI mohana hAla jI prmpraa| gadhI kezara mani / saMskRta, prAkata, gajarAtI mASA aura jaina sAhitya he viziSTa vidvAn / vihAra kSetra rAjasthAna, madhya pradeza, gujarAta, mahArASTra / saMskRta bhASA / inako kalpasUtra TIkA, kalyANaka parAmarza, paryuSaNA parAmarza Adi kaI kRtiyAM prakAzita ho cukI hai| sAdhuraMgIya sUtrakRtAMga dIpikA, piNDavidhi (3 TIkA sahita) Adi aneka granthoM

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" kA inhoMne sampAdana kiyA hai| sammAvita pranyoM kI vistRta bhUmikAyeM bhI inhoMne saMskRta meM hatI hai| gujarAtI aura hindI meM bhI inakI likhita evaM sampAdita kaI pustake prakApita 37. AcArya ghAsIlAla jI:-ye sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke prasiddha mAcArya zrI bAhiralAla jI ke ziSya the| nakA janma saM. 1941 basavantagar3ha (mevAra) meM humA paa| saMskRta mora prAkRta bhASA tathA jainAgama, bhyAkaraNa, kAmya, koSa mAdi viSayoM ke zreSTha vidvAn pe| inhoMne sthAnakavAsI sampradAya dvArA mAnya 32 mAgamoM para saMskRta bhASA meM vistRta kAyeM likhI aura vividha viSayoM meM aneka netana pranyoM kA nirmANa kiyA / inakI maukhika racanAyeM nimnalikhita prApta hotI hai : zivakoza, nAnArtha udayasAgara koza, zrIlAla nAmamAlA koza, mAhet vyAkaraNa, mAheta ghu vyAkaraNa, Aheta siddhAnta vyAkaraNa, zAnti sindhu mahAkAvya, lokAzAha mahAkAvya, pUjya thI chAla kAvya, lavajI muni kAvya, janAgama tatva dIpikA, vRttabodha, tatva pradIpa, mukti saMgraha, gRhastha kalpatara, nAgAmbaramaJjarI, navaM smaraNa, kalyANa maMgaLa stotra, varSamAna stoma mAvi / 38 bAcArya hastimala jI:-ye vartamAna meM sthAnakavAsI samAja ke pramukha mAcAryoM meM se hai| saMskRta bhASA ke acche vidvAna hai| nandIsUtra mAdi mAgama pranyoM para inhoMne saMskRta bhASA meM TIkAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| inakI hindI bhASA meM kaI kRtiyAM bhI prakAzita ho cukI hai| rAjasthAna pradeza meM anya gacchoM kI apekSA kharataragaccha kA prabhAva evaM pracAra vizeSa rahA hai| kharataragaccha kI aneka zAkhAoM kA udbhava, vikAsa aura avasAna bhI isa pradeza meM hI huA hai| anya zAkhAoM ke katipaya sAhityakAroM kI racanAyeM mere vicAra se isI rAjasthAna pradeza meM hI huI hoNgii| isI manumAna ke maoNdhAra para katipaya kaikhako gora panakI kRtiyoM kA yahAM nirdeza karanA maprAsaMgika na hogaa| drapallIya zAkhA:-- abhayadevasUri:- somatilakari:- saMghatilakasUri:- divAkarAcAryaHdevendrasUriH jayanta vijaya mahAkAmya (1278) zIlopadezamAlA TIkA (1392), SaDdarzanasamuccaya TIkA (1392), kanyAnayana tIrthakalpa samyaktvasaptati TIkA (1422), kumArapAlaprabandha (1454), dhUtakhyiAna dAnopadezamAlA (14vIM) dAnopadezamAlA TIkA (1418), praznottararatnamAlA TIkA (1429), navapada abhinava prakaraNa TIkA (1452) AcAra dinakara (1468) gautamapRcchA TIkA (15vIM zatI) saMdezarIsaka TIkA (1465) parvamAnasUriHzrItilaka:lakSmIcandaH

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78 begaDa zAkhA: jinasamudrasUri:- 18vIM shtii| kalpAntarvAcya, sArasvata bAtupATha, bairAgyaJcataka TokA pippalaka zAkhA: jinasAgarasUri:- 15vIM shtii| karpUra prakara TIkA, siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana lAvRtti dharmacandraH sindUraprakara TIkA (1513), svAtmasambodha, karpUramamjaro saTTaka TIkA hrsskunyjropaadhyaay|-- sumitra caritra (1535) vinayasAgaropAdhyAya:- avidapada-zatArthI, nalavarNana mahAkAvya (aprApta), praznaprabANa kAvyAlaMkAra svopajJa TIkAsaha (1667), rAkSasa kAvya TIkA, rAghava pANDavIya kAvya TIkA, vidagdhamukhamaNDana TIkA (1669) udayasAgaraH-- 17vIM zatI / vAgbhaTAlaMkAra TIkA AdyapakSIya zAkhA:-- dayArala:-- nyAyaratnAvalI (1626) 18vIM shtii| AcArAMga sUtra TIkA jinacandra sUri:-- sumatihaMsa:-- 18vIM zatI / kalpasUtra TIkA 2. rAjasthAna meM racita saMskRta-sAhitya kI sUcI : lekhakoM ne apanI kRtiyoM ke anta meM racanA samaya ke sAtha jahAM racanA sthAna kA nidazca kiyA hai una kRtiyoM kI sUcI viSayavAra evaM akArAnukrama se prastuta kara rahA huuN| isa sUcI ke nirmANa meM maine "jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa" jaina saMskRta sAhitya no itihAsa, jinaratna koSa aura svasampAdita "kharataragaccha sAhitya-sUcI" Adi pustakoM kA upayoga kiyA hai| vizeSa zodha karane para isa prakAra kI kaI sUciyAM taiyAra kI jA sakatI haiN|

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graMtha kA nAma kA nAma gaccha racanA svata racanA sthAna Agama-TIkAeM:-- bIkAnera riNI 1. AcArAMga sUtra dIpikA , 2. uttarAdhyayana sUtra dIpikA : 3. uttarAdhyayana sUtra TIkA 4. uttarAdhyayana sUtra TIkA 5. uttarAdhyayana sUtra kathA saMgraha 6. kalpasUtra TIkA kalpalatA 7. jambUdvIpa prajJapti sUtra TIkA 8. jJAtA dharmakathA sUtra TIkA 9. taMdulaveyAliya payannA avacUri (saMkSepa) / 10. nandIsUtra malayagirI TIkopari TIkA 11. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra dIpikA jina haMsasUri cAritracandra bhAvavijaya vAdI harSanandana padmasAgara samayasundaropAdhyAya maho. puNyasAgara kastUracandra gaNi vizAlasundara jinacAritrasUri sAdhuraMga kharatara kharatara tapA. kharatara. tapA. kharatara, kharatara. kharatara. tapA. kharatara. kharatara. 1572 1723 1689 1711 1657 1685 1645 1899 1655 20vIM 1599 rohiNIpura (sirohI) bIkAnera pIpADa riNI jaisalamera jayapura nAgaura bIkAnera baDala saiddhAntika prakaraNa :-- jinezvarasUri pra. jinakuzalasUri vijayasiMhasUri kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya 12. caityavandanaka 13. caityavandana kulaka TIkA 14. jambUdvIpa samAsa TIkA 15. jIvavicAra prakaraNa TIkA 16. pratikramaNa hetu 17. zrAvakadharmavidhi svopajJa TIkA 18. zrAvakadharmavivi vRhadvRtti 19. SaTsthAnaka prakaraNa TIkA 20. sambodhasaptatikA TIkA kharatara. kharatara. rAjagaccha kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. 1080 1383 1215 1850 19vIM 1317 1317 1262 1651 jAlaura bADamera pAlI bIkAnera bIkAnera jAlaura jAlaura zrImAlapura pAlI jinezvarasUri dvi. lakSmItilakopAdhyAya jinapAlopAdhyAya guNavinayopAdhyAya

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aupadezika prakaraNa :-- vijayasiMhamUri 21. aSTakaprakaraNa TIkA (haribhadrIya) jinazvarasUri pra. 22. upadezapada vRtti municandrasUri 23. upadezamAlA TIkA upadezamAlA saMskRta paryAya zivanidhAnopAdhyAya RSimaNDala prakaraNa avacari samayasundaropAdhyAya 25. RSimaNDala prakaraNa TIkA padmamandira gaNi 27. RSimaNDala prakaraNa TokA vAdI harSanandana gaNadharasArddhazataka laghuvRtti padmamandira gaNi 29. guNamAlA prakaraNa rAmavijayopAdhyAya 30. gautamapRcchA TIkA mativarddhana 31. dAnapradIpa cAritrasundaragaNi 32. dharmaratnakaraNDaka svoSajJa TIkA saha 33. dharmopadezamAlA vRtti jayasiMhasari 34. bhavabhAvanA svopajJa TIkA saha maladhArI hemacandrasUri 35. bhavabhAvanA bAlAvavova mANikyasundara gaNi 36. rUpakamAlA avacUri samayasundara 37. zIlopadezamAlA TIkA lalitakIrti 38. sUktidvAtriMzikA vivaraNa rAjakuzala 39. svapna saptati TIkA (jinavallabhIya) sarvadevasUri vaidhAnika, saiddhAntika-praznottara evaM cAcika :-- kharatara. vRhadgaccha candragaccha kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. tapA. kharatara. 1080 1174 12vIM 1690 1662 1553 1704 1646 1817 1738 1499 1172 913-915 1170 1501 1663 1678 1650 1287. jAlaura nAgaura meM prAraMbha candrAvatI jodhapura sAMgAnera jaisalamera bIkAnera jaisalamera jaisalamera jayatAraNa citauDa dAyikA kapa nAgaura mer3atA devakUlapATaka bIkAnera lAdraha jAlaura jaisalamera.. varddha 75 maladhAragaccha tapA. kharatara. kharatara. tapA. kharatara. 1884 jayapura jaisalamera 40. praznottara zataka 41. praznottara sArddhazataka 42 yatyArAdhanA 43. vicAra ratna saMgraha (huNDikA) kharatara kharatara, svaratara, 1851 ummedacandra kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya samayasundaropAdhyAya guNavimyopAdhyAya ... 1685 16.5.7. riNI kharatara sairUNA

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44. 45. 46. vizeSazataka 47. 48. 49. 50. graMtha kA nAma vicArazataka vidhi kandalI svopajJa TIkA saha zrAvakavrata kulaka zrAvaka vidhi prakAza 60. 61. 62. samAcArI zataka sAdhvI vyAkhyAna nirNaya kAvya - sAhitya tathA TIkAdi 54. indudRta 55. 56. 57. 58. upakeza zabdavyutpatti upamiti bhavaprapaJcakathA kRSNarukmiNI beli TIkA khaNDa prazasti TIkA 59. gautamIya mahAkAvya gautamIya mahAkAvya TIkA citrakUTa voracaitya prazasti damayantIkathA campU TIkA 63. devAnanda mahAkAvya 64. nemidUta TIkA 65. 66. 51. abhaya kumAra caritra candratilakopAdhyAya 52. aSTasaptati ( citrakUTIya vIra caitya prazasti) jinavallabhasUri 53. AcAra dinakara lekhana prazasti vAdI harSanandana vinayavijayopAdhyAya zrIvallabhopAdhyAya kalI nAma samaya sundaropAdhyAya nayaraMga pradyumna lIlA prakAza prazna sara kaSaSTitazata kAvya TIkA samayasundarIpAdhyAya samayasundaropAdhyAya kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya samayasundaropAdhyAya jinamaNisAgarasUri siddharSi zrIsAra guNavinayopAdhyAya rAmavijayopAdhyAya kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya cAritrasundara gaNi guNavinayopAdhyAya meghavijayopAdhyAya guNavinayopAdhyAya zivacandropAdhyAya maho. puNyasAgara gaccha kharatara. kharatara . 1 kharatara. kharatara . kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara kharatara. tapA. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. tapA. kharatara. tapA.. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. racanA saMvata vikramI 1674 1625 1672 1683 1838 1672 2002 1312 1163 1669 1718 lagabhaga 1655 1962 1703 1641 1807 1855 1495 1646 1727 1644 1879 1640 racanA sthAna mer3atA bIramapura meDatA bIkAnera jaisalamera mer3atA jayapura bADamara meM prArambha citaur3a jaisalamera jo pura bIkAnera bhInamAla bIkAnera phalavaddha jodhapura jaisalamera citaur3a sairuNA sAdaDI bIkAnera jayapura bIkAnera

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67. 68. bhartRhari zataka traya TIkA 69. bhAvapradIpa mAtRkA zlokamAlA 70. 71. mUlarAja-guNa-varNana samudravanvakAvya maghadUta TIkA 72. 73. raghuvaMza TIkA 74. 75. raghuvaMza TIkA raghuvaMzaTIkA 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. phalavAddhapAzvanAtha mahAkAvya 93. lakSmaNa vihAra prazasti vastupAla caritra kAvya vijaya prazasti kAvya TIkA vijJaptikA vijJaptikA vijJaptikA vijJaptipatra vijJaptijJaptipAtra patra vijJAna candrikA vidvatprabodha vairAgyazataka zAntinAtha jinAlaya prazasti zrIdhara caritra mahAkAvya pabhASAmaya patra sambhavajinAlaya prazasti sUktimuktAvalI svalibhadra gaNamAlA kAvya kathA caritra :-- ambaDa caritra sahajakIti pAThaka ghanasAra hemaratna zrIvallabhopAdhyAya zivacandropAdhyAya vinayacandra guNaratna guNavinayopAdhyAya sumativijaya kIrtirAja (kIrtiratna sUri ) jinaharSa gaNi guNavijaya dayAsiMha rAjavijaya lAvaNyavijaya samaya sundaropAdhyAya kamalasundara kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya zrIvallabhopAdhyAya padmAnanda zrAvaka jayasAgaropAdhyAya mANikya sundara rAmavijayopAdhyAya somakuJjara jinavardhamAnasUri sUracandrApAvyAya kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya kharatara. upakaza. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara kharatara. tathA. tapA. kharatara. kharatara. tapA. kharatara. kharatara, kharatara, kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. aMcalagaccha kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara 17 vA 1525 1638 1655 1861 1694 1676 1646 1698 1473 1497 17 at 1771 lagabhaga 1727 1709 lagabhaga 17 vIM 19 vIM 1859 17 vIM 12 vIM 1473 1463 1787 1497 1739 1680 1854 phalavaddha jayapura ( ? ) bIkAnera bIkAnera jaisalamera rAjadraha jodhapura bIkAnera bIkAnera jaisalamera citauDa sirohI rUpAvAsa bIkAnera jodhapura meDatA jayapura jaisalamera balabhadrapura (bAlotarA ) nAgaura jaisalamera davakulapATaka benAtaTa ( bilAr3A) jaisalamera udayapura sAgAnara pAlI

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graMtha kA nAma kartA nAma gaccha racanA saMpata vikramI ravanA sthAna 94. kathAkoSa svopajJa TIkA saha 95. kAlikAcArya kathA 96. kAlikAcArya kathA 97. guNavarma caritra / 98. ghanyazAlibhadra caritra 99. paJcakumAra kathA 100. paramahaMsasaMbodha caritra 101. puNyasAra kathAnaka 102. madananariMda caritra 103. mahAvIra caritra TIkA 104. mohajIta caritra 105. yazodhara caritra 106. ratnazakhara kathA 107. rAmacaritra 108. zIlavatI kathA 109. zrIpala caritra TIkA 110. zrIpAla caritra 111. samarAdityakevalI caritra uttarArddha jinezvarasUri pra. kanakasoma samayasundaropAdhyAya mANikyasundarasUri pUrNabhadragaNi lakSmIvallabhopAdhyAya nayaraMga vivekasamudropAdhyAya dayAsAgara samayasundaropAdhyAya kSemasAgara kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya jinaharSa gaNi devavijaya gaNi AjJAsundara kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya jayakIrti sumativardhana kharatara. kharatara kharatara. aMcalagaccha kharatara. kharatara. kharatara kharatara. kharatara. kharatara, kharatara. kharatara. tapA. tapA. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. 1108 1632 1666 1484 1285 1746 1624 1334 1619 1684 1969 1839 15vIM 1652 1562 1869 1868 1874 DIDavANA jaisalamera vIramapura sAcaura jaisalamera riNI bAlapatAkApurI jaisalamera jAlaura lUNakaraNasara koTA jaisalamera citauDa zrImAlapura kADiUMpura bIkAnera jaisalamera ajamera parva vyAkhyAna -- 112. aSTAnhikA vyAkhyAna 113. kArtikI pUrNimA vyAkhyAna 114. cAturmAsika vyAkhyAna / kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya jayasAra kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya kharatara. kharatara, kharatara. 1860. 1873 1835 jaisalamera jaisalamera pATaudI

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115. cAtamAsika vyAkhyAna 116. marutrayodazI vyAkhyAna 117. maunakAdazI vyAkhyAna 118. maunakAdazI vyAkhyAna 119. saubhAgyapaJcamI kathA samayasundarApAdhyAya kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya jIvarAja zivacandropAdhyAya kanakakuzala paratara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. tapA, 1bb0 1860 1847 1884 1665 amarasara bIkAnera bIkAnera jaisalamera meDatA stuti stotra :-- 79 120. caturvizatijina stuti paMcAzikA rAmavijayopAdhyAya 121. caityavandana caturvizatikA svopajJa TIkA saha kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya 122. jaisalamera aSTajinAlaya stotra kanaka kumAra 123. jaisalamera pArzvajina stava jJAnavimalopAdhyAya 124. jaisalamera pArzvajina stava taruNaprabhAcArya 125. jasalamera pArvajina stuti sAdhusundara 126. jaisalamera pArvajina stotra guNavinayopA yAya 127. jaisalamera pArvajina stotra jinabhadrasUri 128. jaisalamera pArvajina stotra merusundaropAdhyAya 129. timarI grAmastha pArzva jina stava jayasomopAdhyAya 130. pArvajina stuti (mahAdaNDakachanda) sahajakIrti upAdhyAya 131. pArzvanAtha navagrahagarbhita stotrAvacUri lakSmIvallabhopAdhyAya 132. phaladdhimaNDana pArzvajina stava jinaprabhasUri 133. phaladdhimaNDana pArzvajina stava jinaprabhasUri 134. phaladdhimaNDana pArzvajina stava jinaprabhasUri 135. phalavaddhimaNDana pArzvajina stava jinaprabhasUri 136. phaladdhimaNDana pArvajina stava mejhanandana 137. phaladdhimaNDana pArzvajina stotra guNavinayopAdhyAya 138. phaladdhimaNDana pArzvajina stotra jinakuzalasUri kharatara. varatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. 1814 1856 1716 17vIM 14vIM 1683 17vIM 15vIM 16vIM 17vIM 1683 1738 14vIM 14vIM 14voM 14vIM bIkAnera nAgapura (nAgaura) jaisalamera jaisalamera jaisalamera jaisalamera jaisalamera jaisalamera jaisalamera tivarI jaisalamera bIkAnera phalavaddhi (meDatAroDa) 15vIM 17vIM 14vIM

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graMtha kA nAma kartA nAma gaccha racanA saMvat vikramI racanAsthAna kharatara. kharatara 17vIM 1659 phalAddha jaisalamera 139. phaladdhimaNDana pArzvajina stotra sUracandropAdhyAya 140. bhAvArivAraNa pAdapUrti stotra svopajJa TIkA padmarAja gaNi saha 141. rucitadaNDaka stuti TIkA padmarAja gaNi 142. laghuzAntistava TIkA gaNavinayopAdhyAya 143. vikramapura AdIzvara stotra dharmavarddhana 144. vizAlalocana stuti TIkA kanakakuzala 145. zatadalakamalamaya pArvajina stava sahajakIrti upAdhyAya 146. zAzvatajina stava TIkA zivanidhAnopAdhyAya 147. satyapuramaNDana mahAvIrajina stava jinavarddhanasUri 148. saptasmaraNa stotra TIkA samayasundaropAdhyAya 149. svarNagiri pArvajina stotra jinaratnasUri pra. 150. haribhaktAmara kavIndrasAgarasUri kharatara. kharatara. tapA. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. 1644 1659 18vIM 1653 1675 1652 jaisalamera bainAtaTa (bilAr3A) bIkAnera sAdar3I laudravA sAMbhara sAMcaura jAlaura jAlaura mer3atAroDa 15vIM 1695 14voM 21vIM 80 nyAya-darzana:-- 151. tarkasaMgraha TIkA 152. pramANavAdArtha 153. pramAlakSma svopajJa TIkA saha 154. SaTdarzana samuccaya TIkA 155. saptapadArthI TIkA . karmacandra yazasvatsAgara jinezvarasUri pra. somatilakasUri bhAvapramoda kharatara. tapA. kharatara. kharatara kharatara. 1824 1759 1080 1392 1730 nAgaura saMgrAmapura (sAMgAnera) jAlaura Adityavarddhanapura bainAtaTa (bilADA)

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156. paMcagranthI (buddhisAgara) vyAkaraNa 157. veTthapada vivecana 158. sArasvatAnuvRtyavabodhaka 159. siddhAntaratnAvalI vyAkaraNa 160. hamaliMgAnuzAsana durgapadaprabodha TIkA buddhisAgarasUri samayasundaropAdhyAya jJAnameru kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. 1080 1684 1667 1897 1661 jAlaura bIkAnera DIDavANA jayapura zrIvallabhopAdhyAya jodhapura koSa: 1 161. abhidhAnacintAmaNi nAmamAlA TIkA 162. abhidhAnacintAmaNi nAmamAlA TIkA 163. zabdaprabheda TIkA 164. haimanAmamAlA zeSasaMgraha TIkA 165. haimanAmamAlA zilogcha TIkA zrIvallabhopAdhyAya rAmavijayopAdhyAya jJAnavimalopAdhyAya zrIvallabhopAdhyAya zrIvallabhopAdhyAya kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. 1667 1822 1654 1654 1654 jodhapura kAlAUnA bIkAnera bIkAnera nAgaura chandaHzAstraH vADava 166. vRttaratnAkara TIkA 167. vRttaratnAkara TIkA aMcalagaccha kharatara. .. samayasundaropAdhyAya 15vIM 1694 virATanagara jAlora . alaMkAra: 168. kAvyaprakAza navamollAsa TIkA 169. pANDitya darpaNa kSamAmANikya udayacandra kharatara. kharatara. 1884 1731 rAjapura bIkAnera

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kartA nAma graMtha kA nAma maccha racanA saMvat vikramI racanA sthAna 170. rasikapriyA saMskRta TIkA 171. rasikapriyA TIkA 172. vidagdhamukhamaNDana TIkA samayamANikyA kuzaladhIra zivacandra kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. 1735 1724 1699 jAlipura jodhapura alavara Ayurveda : 173. pathyApathyanirNaya dIpacandra kharatara. 1792 jayapura 67 jyotiSaH 174 175 176 177 178 179. 180. 181. aMkaprastAra avayadI zakunAvalI janmaprakAzikA jyotiSa jyotiSasAra dIkSA pratiSThA zuddhi mahAdevI dIpikA laghujAtaka TIkA basantarAja zakuna TIkA lAbhavardhana rAyacanda kIrtivarddhana hIrakalaza samayasundaropAdhyAya dhanarAja bhavitalAmopAdhyAya bhAnucandragaNi kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. kharatara. aMcala kharatara. tapA. 1761 1827 17vIM 1721 1685 1692 1571 17vIM nAgapura (nAgora) mer3atA nAgora laNakaraNasara padmAvatI pattana bIkAnera sirohI

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. . jaina manISiyoM dvArA rAjasthAna pradeza meM sajita sAhitya-samRddhi kA isa lekha meM yatakiMcita digdarzanamAtra haA hai| vizeSa zodha karane para unake naye lekhaka aura anekoM navIna kRtiyAM prakAza meM A sakatI haiN| ataH vidvAnoM kA kartavya hai ki rAjasthAna ke lekhakoM aura unake kRtitva para zodha kara natana jAnakArI sAhityika jagata ko deN| pariziSTa rAjasthAna pradeza ma utpanna do janetara sAhityakAroM ko bhI isa prasaMga para mulAyA nahIM jA sktaa| eka haiM-paM. nityAnanda jI zAstrI aura dUsare haiM zrI giridhara shrmaa| ____ 1. paM. nityAnanda zAstrI:-pratibhA sampanna Azukavi aura saMskRta ke prakANDa paNDita the| jAtitaH dAdhIca brAhmaNa the aura the jodhapura ke nivaasii| zAyada do dazaka pUrva hI inakA svargavAsa jodhapura meM haA hai| pacAsoM jaina mandiramArgI sAdha-sAdhviyoM ke ye zikSA garu rahe haiN| jaina na hote hae bhI jaina-darzana aura jainAcAryoM ke prati inakI pragADha zraddhA thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki inake banAye hae kucha mahAkAvya jaina sAdha-sAdhviyoM se saMbandhita prApta hote haiN| (ka) puNyazrI carita mahAkAvya:-yaha aThAraha sargoM kA kAvya hai| isameM kharataragacchIyA pravartinI sAdhvI zrI puNyazrIjI kA jIvana caritragaM phita hai| isakI hindI bhASA meM "tAtparyabodhinI" nAma kI TIkA nityAnandajI ke bar3e bhAI vidyAbhaSaNa paM. bhagavatIlAla zarmA (prathamAdhyApaka, vaidika pAThazAlA, jodhapura) ne banAI hai| saM. 1967 kI likhita isakI hastaprati prApta hai| (kha) zrI kSamAkalyANa carita:-isa kAvya meM mahopAdhyAya zrI kSamAkalyANajI ke jIvana-caritra kA Alekhana hai| ___merI smRti ke anusAra zrI nityAnandajI ne jainAcAryoM para do laghukAvya aura eka citra kAvya kI aura bhI racanA kI thii| 2. paM. giridhara zarmA:-mahAmahopAdhyAya, sAhityavAcaspati, rAjakavi zrI giridhara zarmA jhAlarApATana ke nivAsI the| inakA bhI svargavAsa ina do dazakoM ke madhya meM hI huA hai / saMskRta aura hindI ke praur3ha vidvAn the| inakI do jaina racanAyeM prApta haiM: maktAmara stotra pAdapUrti kalyANamandira stotra pAdapUti yaha donoM hI pAdapUrtiyAM antima caraNAtmaka na hokara cAroM hI pAda para kI gaI haiN|

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saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra 3. --muni gulAbacandra nirmohI jaina paramparA meM bhI saMskRta sAhitya kA prAcurya hai| jaina AgamoM tathA tatsama granthoM kI gASA mUlataH prAkRta, ardhamAgadhI athavA zaurasenI rahI hai| Agamottara sAhitya kI adhikAMza cIna racanAeM bhI prAkRta meM huI hai kintu janaruci ko dekhate hue jainAcAryoM ne saMskRta ko bhI prAkRta ke samakakSa pratiSThA pradAna kii| jisa samaya vaidika sAhitya aura saMskRti kA vyApaka prabhAva samAja meM bar3hane lagA tathA zAstrArtha aura vAda-vivAda ke aneka upa-krama hone lage taba jaina AcAryoM ne bhI saMskRta ko adhika mahatva denA prArambha kiyaa| AcArya siddhasena divAkara aura haribhadra ke grantha isake pariNAma kahe jA sakate haiN| yaha samaya IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI taka kA hai| AThavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt jaina saMskRta sAhitya kI racanA ke mUla meM yahAM kI rAjanaitika, sAmAjika evaM dhArmika sthiti ne adhika kAma kiyA hai| jaina AcAryoM ko saMskRta sAhitya ke nirmANa meM jina kAraNoM se preraNA prApta huI, unameM se kucha isa prakAra haiM: 1. jaina dharma ke maulika tatvoM kA prasAra / 2. Apta puruSoM tathA dhArmika mahApuruSoM kI garimA kA bakhAna 3. prabhAvI rAjA, mantrI yA anuyAyiyoM kA anurodha ukta kAraNoM ke atirikta eka anya kAraNa yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki aneka jaina AcArya mUlataH brAhmaNa the| ataH bacapana se hI saMskRta unheM virAsata ke rUpa meM prApta huI thii| usa virAsata se apanI pratibhA ko aura adhika vikasita karane ke lie sAhitya sarjana kA mAdhyama unhoMne saMskRta ko cunaa| jaina sAhitya kA pravAha IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se prArambha huA aura caudahavIM zatAbdI taka nirantara calatA rhaa| pandrahavIM aura solahavIM zatAbdI ke saMskRta granthoM meM racanA sthala kA ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| satarahavIM aura aThAravIM zatAbdI ma saMskRta meM pracura sAhitya likhA gyaa| unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM jaina vidvAnoM dvArA likhita saMskRta bahuta kama prApta hai / terApaMtha kA saMskRta sAhitya mukhyataH nau bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai: 1. vyAkaraNa, 2. darzana aura nyAya, 3. yoga, 14. mahAkAvya (gadya-padya) 5. khaNDa kAvya (gadya-padya), 6. prakIrNaka kAvya, 7. saMgIta kAvya, 8. stotra kAvya, 9. nIti kAvya / vyAkaraNaH bhikSu zabdAnuzAsana kI racanA rAjasthAna ke 'thalI pradeza ma vi. saM. 1980 se 1988 ke bIca huii| terApaMtha ke AThaveM AcArya zrI kAlagaNI kA vyAkaraNa viSayaka adhyayana bahuta vizada thaa| muni cauthamala jI kA adhyayana adhikAMzataH kAlUgaNI ke sAnidhya meM sampanna haa| unhoMne Agama, sAhitya, nyAya, darzana, vyAkaraNa, koza Adi vividha viSayoM kA gahana adhyayana kiyA / vyAkaraNa unakA sarvapriya viSaya thA / unhoMne pANinIya, jainendra, zAkaTAyana, hemazabdAnuzAsana, sArasvata, siddhAnta candrikA, mugdhabodha, sArakomudI Adi aneka vyAkaraNa granthoM kA gaMbhIra manana kiyaa| AcArya zrI kAlUgaNI kI bhAvanA thI ki eka samayopayogI sarala aura subodha saMskRta vyAkaraNa taiyAra ho tAki saMskRta ke vidyArthiyoM ke liya suvidhA ho sake / kyoMki usa samaya upalabdha vyAkaraNoM meM sArasvata candrikA bahuta adhika saMkSipta thii| siddhAnta-kaumudI vArtika phakkikA Adi kI adhikatA ke kAraNa jaTila thI / hemazabdAnuzAsana kI racanA-paddhati kaThina thii| isa prakAra eka bhI aisA vyAkaraNa mantha upalabdha

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nahIM thA jise sahaja aura sugama mAnA jA ske| muni cauthamala jI ne AcArya zrI kAlUgaNI kI bhAvanA ko sAkArarUpa diyA aura ATha varSoM ke anavarata parizrama se terApaMtha ke Adya pravartaka prAcArya bhikSu ke nAma se kliSTatA, vistAra, duranvaya Adi se rahita eka sarvAga sandara vyAkaraNa taiyAra kiyaa| isameM uNAdipATha, dhAtupATha, nyAyadarpaNa, liMgAnuzAsana Adi kA bhI sundara samAveza hai / isa mahAna kArya meM sonAmAI (alIgar3ha) nivAsI Azakaviratna paM. raghanandana zarmA AyurvedAcArya kA bhI mUlyavAna sahayoga rhaa| darzana aura nyAyaH jaina tatva darzana, jIva vijJAna; 'padArtha vijJAna, AcAra zAstra; mokSa mArga, pramANa, naya, nikSepa, saptamaMgI, syAdavAda Adi viSayoM ke nirUpaNa ke lie tIsarI zatAbdI meM AcArya umAsvAti ne sarvaprathama tatvArtha satra kI racanA kii| ise 'mokSazAstra' bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha grantha digambara aura zvetAmbaroM ko samAna rUpa se mAnya hai| isa para siddhasena, harimadra, pUjyapAda, akalaMka, vidyAnanda, upAdhyAya yazovijaya Adi uccakoTi ke jaina vidvAnoM na TIkAeM likhI haiN| jaina darzana sAhitya kA vikAsa tatvArtha sUtra ko kendrIbhata mAnakara hI huA hai| tatvArtha sUtra kI gahanatA ko prApta karanA hara eka ke lie saMbhava nahIM hai| AcArya zrI tulasI ne darzana viSayaka "jaina siddhAnta dIpikA" aura nyAya viSayaka "bhikSa nyAya kaNikA" kI racanA karake jaina darzana aura nyAya ke adhyetAoM ke lie sarala, subodha aura malyavAna sAmagrI prastuta kI hai| mani nathamala jI ne hindI bhASA meM usakI vistata vyAkhyA likhI hai| "jaina darzanaH manana aura mImAMsA" ke nAma se yaha svatantra grantha ke rUpa meM bhI prakAzita hai| isase jaina darzana ke adhyayanazIla vidyArthI bahata lAbhAnvita hae haiN| jaina siddhAnta dIpikA kI racanA vi. saM. 2002 meM vaizAkha zaklA 13 ke dina carU (rAjasthAna) meM sampanna huii| yaha nau prakAzoM meM racita hai| pahale prakAza meM dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA nirUpaNa hai| dUsare prakAza meM jIva vijJAna kA nirUpaNa hai| tIsare prakAza meM jIva aura ajIva ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa hai| cauthe prakAza meM bandha paNya aura Asrava ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| pAMcaveM prakAza meM saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| chate prakAza meM mokSa mArga kA vizlaSaNa hai| sAtaveM prakAza meM jIvasthAna (gaNasthAna) kA nirUpaNa h| AThaveM prakAza meM deva, gurU aura dharma kA nirUpaNa hai| nauteM prakAza meM nikSepa kA nirUpaNa hai| isakI kula sUtra saMkhyA 266 hai| isake sampAdaka aura hindI bhASA meM anavAdaka mani nathamala jI haiN| bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne samAna rUpa se isakI upayogitA svIkAra kI hai| eka phreMca mahilA ne jaina siddhAnta dIpikA para pI.eca.DI. bhI kiyA hai| mikSa nyAya kaNikA kI racanA vi. saM. 2002 meM bhAdra zaklA 9 ke dina DUMgaragar3ha (rAjasthAna) meM sampanna haI hai| yaha sAta vibhAgoM meM grathita hai| pahale vibhAga meM lakSaNa aura pramANa ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| dUsare vibhAga meM pratyakSa ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| tIsare vibhAga meM mati ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| cauthe vibhAga meM zrata ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai / pAMcaveM vibhAga meM naya ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| chaThe vibhAga meM prameya aura pramiti ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| sAtaveM vibhAga meM pramAtA ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai| isakI kulasUtra saMkhyA 137 hai| isake sampAdaka muni nathamala jI aura hindI bhASA ma anuvAdaka sAdhvI pramukhA kanakapramAjI va sAdhvI maMjulAjI haiN| inake atirikta mani nathamala jI (bAgora) ne nyAya aura darzana ke kSetra meM "yaktivAda aura anyApadeza" nAmaka grantha kA nirmANa kiyA hai| tathA mani nathamala jI ne 'nyAya paMcAzati kI racanA kI hai| kintu ye saba aprakAzita haiN|

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yoga: tatvadarzana kI taraha sAdhanA paddhati ka kSetra meM jaina AcAryoM na kAphI gaharAI kA sparza kiyA hai| pratyeka dharma kA apanA svatantra sAdhya hotA hai aura usakI siddhi ke lie usI ke anakala sAdhanA paddhati hotI hai| maharSi pataMjali ne sAMkhyadarzana kI sAdhanA paddhati ko vyavasthita rUpa diyA aura "yoga" nAma se eka svatantra sAdhanA paddhati vikasita ho gii| aba hara sAdhanA paddhati yoga nAma se abhihita hotI hai| isI prakAra jaina sAdhanA paddhati ko jaina "yoga aura bauddha sAdhanA paddhati ko bauddha yoga kahA jAne lgaa| jaina sAdhanA paddhati kI svatantra saMjJA bhI hai jise mokSa mArga kahA jAtA hai / jaina yoga para samyaga prakAza DAlane vAle aneka grantha jaina AcAryoM dvArA likhe jA cuke haiM, jinameM samAdhitantra, yoga-daSTi-samaccaya, yogabindra, yogazAstra, yoga vidyA, adhyAtmarahasya jJAnArNava, yoga cintAmaNi. yoga dIpikA Adi pramakha haiN| AcArya zrI tulasI dvArA 'manonazAsanama' kI racanA vi.saM. 2018 meM dhavala samAroha ke avasara para haI thii| isake sAta prakaraNa haiN| isakA racanAkrama sutra rUpa meM hai| isake pahale prakaraNa meM yoga kA vistRta nirUpaNa hai| dasare prakaraNa meM mana kI avasthAoM kA nirUpaNa hai| tIsare prakaraNa meM dhyAna, Asana, bhAvanA Adi kA pratipAdana hai| cauthe prakaraNa meM dhyAna ka prakAra, dhAraNA, vipazcanA, lezyA Adi kA vivecana hai| pAMcaveM prakaraNa meM vAya ke prakAra aura unakI vijaya kA nirUpaNa hai| chaThe prakaraNa meM mahAvrata, zramaNadharma, saMkalpa, jaya Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| sAtaveM prakaraNa meM jinakalpa kI pAMca bhAvanAoM-pratimAoM kA pratipAdana hai| isakI kula sUtra saMkhyA 170 hai| isake hindI anuvAda aura vyAkhyAtA muni nathamala jI haiN| vyAkhyA se jaina sAdhAraNa ke lie grantha kI upayogitA bar3ha gaI hai| manonuzAsanama ke uparAnta bhI yoga prakriyA ko vizleSaNa pUrvaka samajhAne ke lie eka aura grantha kI AvazyakatA anamava kI gii| usakI pati sambodhi dvArA kI gii| sambodhi zabda samyagjJAna, samyagadarzana aura samyagacAritra ko apane meM sameTe hae hai| samyagadarzana ke binA jJAna ajJAna banA rahatA hai aura cAritra ke abhAva meM jJAna aura darzana niSkriya raha jAte haiN| Atmadarzana kAlaya tInoM kA samAna aura aparihArya mahatva hai| isa daSTi se hI isakA nAma sambodhi rakhA gayA hai| sambodhi muni nathamala jI ko zlokabaddha kRti hai| isameM AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga bhagavati, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadazA. prazna vyAkaraNa. dazAzrata skandha Adi AgamoM ke sAra saMgrahIta hai| isakI zailI gItA ke samAna hai| gItA ke tatvadarzana ma IzvarArpaNa kA jo mAhAtmya hai, vahI mAhAtmya jaina darzana meM AtmArpaNa kA hai| jaina darzana ke anasAra AtmA hI paramAtmA yA Izvara hai| gItA kA arjuna kurukSetra kI yaddha mami meM kAyara hotA hai to sambodhi kA meSakumAra sAdhanA kA samarabhUmi meM kAyara hotA hai| gItA ke saMgAyaka kRSNa haiM to sambodhi ke saMgAyaka mahAvIra haiN| kRSNa kA vAka saMbala prApta kara arjana kA puruSArtha jAga uThatA hai to mahAvIra kI vAk preraNA se maghakumAra kI machita cetanA jAgata ho jAtI hai| meghakUmAra na jo prakAza pAyA usI kA vyApaka digdarzana sambodhi meM h| sambodhi kA hindI anuvAda mani miThaThAlAla jI ne kiyA hai aura isakI vizada vyAkhyA muni zubhakaraNa jI aura mani dUlaharAja jI ne kI hai| isakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI prakAzita ho cukA hai| isake solaha adhyAya haiN| unameM se pahale ATha adhyAyoM kI racanA vi.saM. 2012 meM mahArASTra meM tathA zeSa ATha adhyAyoM kI racanA vi.saM. 2016 meM kalakattA meM hii| isakI kUla zloka saMkhyA 702 hai /

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hAkAvya (gadya-padya) jaina manoSiyoM na saMskRta bhASA meM kAvya racanA ke dvArA apanI pratibhA kA paryApta camatkAra prastata kiyA hai| kAvya ke lie saMskRta bhASA kA prayoga karane vAle jaina vidvAnoM meM AcArya samantabhadra kA nAma agraNI mAnA jAtA hai| unhoMne aneka stotra kAvyoM kI racanA kii| yaha krama vikasita hotA huA kramazaH sAtavI zatAbdI taka carita kAvya aura mahAkAvya taka pahuMca gayA hai| saMskRta bhASA ke jaina mahAkAvyoM meM varAMgacarita, candraprabhacarita, vardhamAnacarita, pAzvanAthacarita, pradyumnacarita, zAntinAthacarita, dharmazarmAbhyudaya, nemi nirvANa kAvya, padmAnanda mahAkAvya, bharatabAhubali mahAkAvya, jaina kumAra saMbhava, yazodhara carita, pAMDavacarita, triSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita Adi kI gaNanA pramukha rUpa se kI jA sakatI hai| mAhakAvyoM kI yaha paramparA bIsavIM zatAbdI meM aura adhika vRddhigata huii| terApaMtha dhama saMgha meM isa dizA meM eka nayA unmeSa AyA aura vigata do dazakoM meM jo kAvya racanA haI usameM tIna mahAkAvyoM ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiM: (1) abhinisskrmnnm| (2) zrI tulasI mahAkAvyam, (3) zrI bhikSu mahAkAvyam 3. 1. abhiniSkramaNam:-candana muni dvArA racita AcArya bhikSu ke jIvana kA eka mahatva pUrNa ghaTanA vRtta hai| saMskRta mahAkAvya ke kucha svatantra mApadaMDa haiN| prastuta kRti meM unakA samyaga nirvahana huA hai| isakI zalo gadyAtmaka hai, racanA meM prauDhatA hai aura zabdoM meM oj| yatra-tatra vAkyoM kA vistRta, sAlaMkAra tathA ukti vocatraya pUrNa kalavara saMskRta ke prAcIna gadya-patha lekhakoM kI kRtiyoM kA smaraNa karA detA h| vidvAnoM kA dASTa meM prastuta kAvya meM bhAva pravaNatA jahAM carama utkarSa para pahuMcI hai, vahAM vicAra garimA mI sAgara kI atala gaharAiyoM se jA milI hai| isameM tatva, prakRti, Rtu, manobhAva Adi kA mArmika vivecana huA hai| sthAna-sthAna para loka vyavahAra ka upayogI tathyoM kA bhI vizleSaNa huA hai| eka sthAna para kAvyakAra na likhA haihanta! anavasare amRtamapi viSAyate, vissmpyvsr-pryukt-mmtmtiricyte| ekameva vasta mahaddhastopaDhaukitaM sanmahaya'tvamAligati, bahumUlyaratnamApa kolaTaneyakarakoDasthaM zatamUlyamapi / avasara prayuktabhekamapi sUktaM svAtyA zuktigata pAnAyapuSadiva mauktikatAmArAdhayada sevate sArvabhaumAnAM maMjulamaulikumuTAna / isa kAvya ke satraha uvaas| isakI racanA terApaMtha dvizatAbdI ke avasara para, vi. saM. 2017 meM kAMkarolI (rAjasthAna) ma huii| isakA hindI bhASA meM AvAda mani mohana lAla jI "zAdala" ne kiyA tAnamA penAsasAniyA vizvavidyAlaya (amarokA) ke saMskRta prAdhyApaka DA. lUDo rocara ne likhI hai| 2. zrI tulasI mahAkAvyam:-. raghunandana zarmA AyuvadAcArya ko kAvya-kati hai| isama "AcArya zrI talasI ke jIvana darzana kA samagratA se vizleSaNa huA hai| terApaMtha ke saMghAdhinAyaka ke rUpa meM AcArya zrI ke yazaspo jIvana ke pacIsa varSoM ko parisampannatA para zraddhAlaoM ne apanA zaktibhara ardhya cddhaayaa| paMDitajo AcArya ke zraddhAlu bhakta the ataH prastata kRti usI ardhya prastutIkaraNa kA eka aMga hai| paMDitajI meM kavitva kI adbhuta kSamatA thii| kavitA unakI sahacarI ka rUpa ma nahIM, apina avaro ke rUpa meM prakaTa haI-isa pratipatti meM visaMgati kA leza bhI nahIM hai| atyanta Rja aura akRtrima vyaktitva ke dhanI paMDitajI meM eka chalAMga meM hI mahAkAvya ke gagana-sparzI prAsAda para

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ArUr3ha hone kI kSamatA thii| paMDitajI pracchanna kavi the, ve khyAti aura prasiddhi se virata the| ataH unako vizeSatAeM pracchanna hI rhoN| prastuta kAvya meM rasa, alaMkAra, bhAva, bhASA Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se paMDitajI ke vaidagdhya kI spaSTa jhalaka hai| unhoMne Adhanika zabdoM, rUpakoM aura upamAoM kA prayoga karake saMskRta bhASA ko punarujjIvita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| paMDita jI kI zabda-saMracanA prasAda guNa savalita hai| paMDitajI janmanA Aza kavi the| ataH unheM sahaja aura sAnuprAsa kAvya racanA kA abhyAsa thaa| gaMbhIra aura gaDha bhAvoM ko sarasa aura sarala padAvalI meM rakhane kI unakI adbhuta kSamatA thii| unakI yaha vizeSatA isa mahAkAvya meM yatra-tatra daSTigocara hotI hai||pNdditjii ko kalpanA-prasU saMgIti kA sahArA pAkara vastu satya vAstava meM hI vastusatya ke rUpa meM ubharA hai| Me prastuta mahAkAvya ke paccIsa sarga hai jinakI racanA vi.saM. 2018 meM dhavala samAroha ke avasara para huii| inameM sthAna-sthAna para kavi ke utkRSTa zabda-zilpitva kA citra prastuta hotA hai| AcAryazrI kA janma, jo jAgatika adhyAtma abhyudaya kI eka ullekhanIya ghaTanA thI, kA bahuta hI bhAvapUrNa zabdoM meM citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isake adhyayana se jIvana-darzana, tatvadarzana, itihAsa eva paramparAoM kA samIcIna bodha hotA hai| isakA hindI anavAda chaganalAla zAstrI ne kiyA 3. zrI bhikSu mahAkAvyaH-muni nathamalajI (bAgora) dvArA racita terApaMtha ke Ada pravartaka AcArya bhikSu ke jIvana-darzana para prakAza DAlane vAlA carita kAvya hai / isakI zailI padyAtmaka hai| kAvyakAra svayaM prauDha saMskRtajJa hone ke kAraNa isakI zabda-saMkalanA bhI prauDha aura bhAvapUrNa hai| rAjasthAna kI arAvalI kI ghATiyoM kA varNana isameM bahata sajIva aura prANavAna hai| mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM se yaha paripUrNa hai| isake 18 sarga haiN| isakI yatheSTa prasiddhi aura paThanapAThana na hone kA mukhya kAraNa yahI hai ki yaha kAvya aba taka aprakAzita hai| isakI racanA terApaMtha dvizatAbdI ke avasara para vi. saM. 2017 meM huii| khaNDa kAvya (gadya-padya): mahAkAvyoM kI paramparA ke samAnAntara khaNDa kAvyoM kI paramparA bhI bahuta prAcIna rahI hai| gadya aura padya-donoM hI zailiyoM meM inakI racanA haI hai| jaina AcAryoM aura vidvAnoM ne bhI isa paramparA ko paryApta vikasita kiyA hai| vigata dazakoM meM terApaMtha dhama-saMgha meM bhI isa kAvya paramparA kA itihAsa bahuta vardhamAna rahA hai| prabhava-prabova kAvya, Arjuna-mAlAkAram, azruvINA, ratnapAlacaritram, prAkRta-kAzmIram Adi kAvya isa dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| 1. prabhava prabodhakAvyam :-candanamuni dvArA racita Arya jambU ke jIvana carita se sambandhita eka vizeSa ghaTanA krama ko prakAzita karatA hai| prabhava rAjakumAra bhI thA aura coroM kA saradAra bhii| usane jambUkumAra ko tyAgavRtti se prabhAvita hokara pravrajyA svIkAra kii| artha aura kAma kI manovRtti kA udvelita karane vAlA yaha eka rocaka prasaMga hai| kayA vastu kI rocakatA ko kAvyakAra ke bhAva-pradhAna racanA sauSThava na aura adhika nikhAra diyA hai| isa gadya kAvya ke nau prakAza haiN| isakI sampUrNa racanA vi. saM. 2008 ke jyeSTha mAsa meM gujarAta prAnta ke jAmanagara zahara meM huii| muni dulaharAja jo na isakA hindI bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA hai / isakI bhASA jitanI prauDha aura askhalita hai, anuvAda bhI utanA hI askhalita aura prAMjala hai| 2. ArjunamAlAkAram:-candanamuni dvArA racita gadya kAvya hai / jaina kathA sAhitya meM ajunamAlI eka kathAnAyaka rUpa meM bahata prasiddha hai / isakI bhASA meM pravAha, zailI meM prasAda aura zabdoM meM sukumAratA hai| svatantra saritA kI taraha isakI vAg dhArA askhalita aura apratibaddha hai| sAhityika dRSTi se yaha racanA atyanta prazAnta kahI jA sakatI hai / isakI sarala

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89 aura subodha zabdAvalI se saMskRta ke vidyArthI bahuta lAbhAnvita ho sakate haiM / isake choTe vAkyoM meM bhI paryAta bhAva- gAMbhIrya hai / prastuta kAvya sAta samucchvAsoM meM racita hai / isake hindI anuvAdaka chonala caupaDA haiM / isakI racanA vi. saM. 2005 ke jyeSTha mAsa meM huI hai / 3. azravINA : --muni nathamalajI dvArA mandAkrAntA chanda meM racita sau zlokoM kA khaNDa kAvya hai / yaha kAvya bhatRhari Adi vizruta kaviyoM dvArA racita kAvyoM ke sAtha pratispardhA karane meM sakSama hai| isa kAvya meM eka aura jahAM zabdoM kA vaibhava hai, vahAM dUsarI artha kI gambhIratA hai / isameM zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAra donoM eka dUsare se baDhe - caDhe haiM / kAvyAnurAgiyoM, tatvajijJAsuoM tathA dharma ke rahasya ko prApta karane ko AkAMkSA vAloM ke liye yaha samAna rUpa se samAdaraNIya hai / isa kAvya ko kathAvastu jaina AgamoM se grahaNa kI gaI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne teraha bAtoM kA ghora abhigraha dhAraNa kiyA thA / ve ghara-ghara jAkara bhI bhikSA nahIM le rahe the kyoMki abhigraha pUrNa nahIM ho rahA thA / udhara candanabAlA rAjA kI putrI hokara mI aneka kaSTapUrNa sthitiyoM meM se gujara rahI thI / usakA zira maMDita thA / hAthoM-pairoM ma jaMjIreM thI / tIna dinoM ko bhUkhI thI / chAja ke kone meM ubale ur3ada the| isa prakAra abhigraha kI anya sArI bAteM to mila gaI kintu usakI AMkhoM meM AMsU nahIM the / mahAvIra isa eka bAta kI kamI dekhakara vApasa muDa gae / candanabAlA kA hRdaya duHkha se bhara gayA / usako AMkhoM meM azrudhAra baha calI / usane apane azru pravAha ko dUta banAkara bhagavAn ko apanA sandeza bhejA / bhagavAn lauTe aura usake hAtha se ur3ada grahaNa kie / azrupravAha ke mAdhyama se candanabAlA kA sandeza hI prastuta kAvya kA pratipAdya hai / isakI racanA vi. saM. 2016 meM kalakatA pravAsa ke avasara para huii| isakA hindI anuvAda muni miTThAlAla jI dvArA kiyA gayA hai / 4. ratnapAla caritram -- jaina paurANika AkhyAna para muni nathamala jI dvArA racita padyamaya khaNDa kAvya hai / pAMca sargoM meM nibaddha prastuta kAvya meM kathAnaka ko apekSA kalpanA adhika hai / sahaja zabda - vilAsa ke sAtha bhAva pravaNatA ko liye prastuta kAvya saMskRta-bhAratI ko garimAnvita karane vAlA hai / isakI sampUrti vi. saM. 2002 meM zrAvaNa zuklA 5 ke dina DUMgaragaDha meM huI thI / isakA hindI anuvAda muni dulaharAja jI dvArA kiyA gayA hai / khaNDa-kAvyoM kI paramparA meM ukta kAvyoM ke saMkSipta paricaya ke anantara aura bhI aneka kAvya haiM jinakA paricaya avaziSTa raha jAtA hai / saMskRta vidyArthiyoM ke liye unaka adhyayana kA svatantra mahatva hai ataH unameM se kucha eka kA nAmollekha karanA Avazyaka aura prAsaMgika hogA / 1. pANDavavijayaH 2. rauhiNeyaH 3. mAtherAna suSamA mAva-bhAskara kAvyama 5. baMkacala caritrama 4. 6. karbura kAvyam muni DaMgaramalajI muni buddhamallajI muni nagarAjajI dhirajI 'dvitIya' muni kanhaiyAlAlajI muni mohanalAlajI 'zArdU la' jyoti spaliMgA:-- candana muni dvArA racita bhAva pradhAna gadya kRti hai / kRtikAra kA bhAvodvelana vANI kA paridhAna prApta kara 56 viSayoM ke mAdhyama se vAGmaya ke prAMgaNa meM upasthita humA hai / sahaja hRdaya se niHsRta nirvyAjabhAva rAzi meM akRtrima lAvaNya ke darzana hote haiM /

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90 isa bhAvodvalana meM mAtra bhAvanAtmaka ullAsa hI nahIM apitu satkarma aura sadAcaraNa kI pagaDaMDiyAM bhI aMkita haiN| isakI racanA vi. saM. 2020 meM bambaI pravAsa meM huI thii| 2. tulA-atulA:-muni nathamalajI dvArA samaya-samaya para Azukavitva, samasyApUrti tathA anya prakAra ke racita sphuTa zlokoM kA saMgraha hai / prastuta kRti ke pAMca vibhAga haiN| isakA hindI bhASA meM anuvAda muni dulaharAja jI ne kiyA hai / mukulama:-muni nathamalajI dvArA racita saMskRta ke ladhu nibandhoM kA saMkalana hai / isameM prAMjala aura pravAhapUrNa bhASA meM chAtropayogI 49 gacoM kA saMkalana hai / isakA viSayanirvAcana bar3I gaharAI se kiyA gayA hai / isameM varNAnAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka viSayoM ke sAtha saMvedanAtmaka viSayoM kA bhI sandhAna kiyA gayA hai / prastuta kRti jJAna aura anubhava donoM ke vikAsa meM sahayogI bana sakatI hai / isakI racanA vi. saM. 2004 meM paDihArA (rAjasthAna) meM huI thI / muni dulaharAjajI ne isakA hindI bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA hai / uttiSThata! jAgrata ! :-muni buddhamala jI dvArA likhita 71 laghu nibandhoM kA saMgraha hai / prastuta nibandhoM meM daDha nizcaya, aTa Atma-vizvAsa, gaharI spandanazIlatA aura apratima udAratA kI bhAvanAeM prasphuTita huI haiM / sAhitya meM hRdaya kI AvAja hotI hai / ataH vaha sIdhA hRdaya kA sparza karatA hai / kucha mAnasika kuMThAeM itanI gaharI hotI haiM ki jinheM toDanA hara eka ke liye sahaja nahIM hotA kintu sAhitya ke mAdhyama se ve anAyAsa hI TUTa jAtI haiM / prastuta kRti mAnasika kuMThAoM ke ghere ko tor3a kara AzA kI Aloka razmi pradAna karane meM samartha banI hai| isakI racanA vi. saM. 2006-7 ke bIca kI hai| isakA hindI bhASA meM anuvAda muni mohanalAla jI'zArdala' ne kiyA hai| dillI se prakAzita hone vAle 'sAptAhika f meM ye nibaMdha kramazaH prakAzita hocake haiN| rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya dvArA yaha kRti snAtakIya (bI. e. Anarsa) pAThyakrama meM svIkRta kI gaI hai / saMskRta bhASA meM mahAkavi jayadeva kA 'gItagovinda' tathA jaina-paramparA meM upAdhyAya vinayavijaya jI kA 'zAnta-sudhArasa' prasiddha saMgIta-kAvya hai / saMgIta kAvyoM kI paramparA ko terApaMtha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne askhalita rakhA hai / candana muni kA 'saMvarasudhA' kAvya saMgIta kAvyoM kI paramparA meM eka utkRSTa kar3I hai| saMvaratatva para AdhArita vibhinna layoM meM saMskRta bhASA kI 20 gItikAeM haiN| isakI racanA vi. saM. 2018 meM dIpAvalI ke dina bambaI meM sampanna huI / muni miTThAlAlajI ne isa kA hindI anuvAda kiyA hai| anya aneka saMgItakAvya jo aba taka aprakAzita haiM, ve bhI bhAva-pradhAna aura rasa-pUrita hai| unakA ullekha bhI yaho prAsaMgika aura upayogI hogA: 1 paMcatIrthI 2 gItisaMdohaH 3 saMskRta gItimAlA candanamuni muni dulIcanda jI 'dinakara' sAdhvI saMghamitrAjI

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4 gItiguccha 5 gItisambohaH 6 gItigumphaH sAdhvI saMghamibAjI sAdhvI maMjulAjI sAdhvI kamalazrIjI stotra kAvya : jaina paramparA meM bhI bhakti rasa se snigdha aura Atma nivedana se paripUrNa baneka stotra kAvyoM kA praNayana huA hai / stotra kAvyoM kA prArambha AcArya samantabhadra ne svayaMbhU stotra, devAgama stotra Adi stuti racanAoM se kiyA / siddhasena divAkara kA 'kalyANa-mandira stotra' tathA mAnataMgAcArya kA maktAmara stotra isa krama meM vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| terApaMtha ke sAha sAdhviyoM ne bhI statra kAvyoM ko paryApta vikasita kiyA hai| unhoMne svatantra stotra kAvyoM kI racanA bhI kI hai aura samasyA pUrtimUlaka stotra kAvyoM kI racanA bhI kI hai / samasyA-pUrtimUlaka stotra kAvyoM meM kisI anya kAvya ke zlokoM kA eka-eka dharaNa lekara usa para naI zloka racanA ke dvArA naye kAvya kI racanA kI jAtI hai| isa paddhati kA prArambha jaina paramparA meM sarvaprathama AcArya jinasena ne kiyaa| unhoMne kAlidAsa ke meghadUta ke samasta padyoM ke samagra caraNoM kI pUrti karate hue pAzrvAbhyudaya kI racanA kii| meghadUta jaise zRMgAra rasa pradhAna kAvya kI pariNati zAnta aura saMvega rasa meM karanA kavi kI zlAghanIya pratimA kA pariNAma hai| meSadUta ke caturtha caraNa kI pUrti meM do jaina kAvya aura upalabdha hai| unameM pahalA 'nemidUta' hai aura dUsarA 'zIladUta' hai / nemidUta kI racanA vikrama kavi ne tathA zIladUta kI racanA cAritrasundara gaNi dvArA huI hai / __terApaMtha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM meM samasyA pUrti stotra kAvyoM kA pravAha bhI eka sAtha hI umddaa| vi. saM. 1980 meM sarva prathama muni nathamala jI (bAgora) ne sikhasena divAkara racita kalyANamandira stotra kI pAdapUrti karate hue do 'kAla-kalyANa-mandira' stotroM kI racanA kI / vi.saM. 1989 meM AcArya zrI tulasI, muni dhanarAja jI (prathama) aura candana muni ne bhI kalyANamandira stotra ke pRthaka-pRthaka caraNa lekara kAlU-kalyANa-mandira stotroM kI racanA kii| yaha krama kramazaH vikasita hotA gayA aura Age calakara muni kAnamalajI ne mAnatuMgAcArya ke bhaktAmara stotra kI pAdapUrti karate hue 'kAlU bhaktAmara' kI racanA kI tathA muni sohanalAla jI (cUrU) ne kalyANa-maMdira stotra aura bhaktAmara stotra kI pAdapUrti karate hue kramazaH kAlU-kalyANa-mandira aura kAlU-maktAmara stotroM kI racanA kI / svataMtra stotra kAvyoM meM AcArya zrI tulasI dvArA racita 'caturviMzati stavana' vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / isakI komala padAvalI meM antaHkaraNa se sahaja niHsata bhAvoM kI anasyati hai| isakI racanA vi.saM. 2000 ke Asa-pAsa huI thii| isake atirikta stotra kAvyoM kI eka lambI zrRMkhalA upalabdha hai jisameM ullekhanIya haiM: muni nathamala jI (bAgora) terApaMthI stotram jina caturvizikA tulasI-vacanAmRtastotram deva-gurUvarma dvAtrizikA vItarAga stuti guru-gauravam deva-guru-stotram mAtR-kIrtanam muni dhanarAjajI'prathama' candana muni muni DUMgaramala jI muni sohana lAla jI (cUrU)

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muni sohanalAlajI muni nathamala jI muni chatramala jI bhagavat stuti tulasI-stotram devaguru dvAtrizikA bhikSa dvAtrizikA tulasI dvAtriMzikA tulasI stotram gha. tulasI stotram zrI tulasI stotram neminAtha nUti : muni dulIcanda jI 'dinakara' muni buddhamalla jI muni pUnamacanda jI muni mohanalAla jI 'sArdUla' nIti kAvya: jaina paramparA meM nIti kAvyoM ke praNetA bhartRhari mAne jAte hai / unake dvArA praNIta mIti-zataka aura varAgya-zataka cANakya-nIti kI samakakSatA ko prApta karane vAle kAvya haiM / terApaMtha meM kAvya kI anya vidhAoM ke sAtha-sAtha nIti kAvya kI paramparA bhI satata vardhamAna rahI hai / paMcasUtram, zikSA SaNNavati, kartavya SaTtriMzikA, upadezAmRtam, prAstAvika loka zatakam Adi aneka kAvya grantha isa paramparA ke vikAsa ke hetu haiM / paMcasUtram:-AcArya zrI tulasI kI eka viziSTa dena hai| Aja ke svataMtra mAnasa meM paratantratA ke prati itanI tIvra pratikriyA hai ki vaha vyavasthA bhaMga ke liye utsuka hI nahIM apitu atara ho rahA hai / prazna hotA hai ki kyA samAja anuzAsana kA atikramaNa karake apane astitva kA sarakSita rakha sakatA hai ? isakA uttara AcArya zrI ne ahisA kI bhASA meM diyA hai| dhAcArya zrI sAmUhika jIvana meM anuzAsana aura vyavasthA ko Avazyaka mAnate haiM / AcArya zrI ke vicAroM meM anuzAsana jIvana kI gati kA avarodhaka nahI kintu preraka hai| isI Azaya se unhoMne likhA hai : paMgatAMna nayatyaSa, haratAlamba sUjannapi / gati samprerayatyeva, gaccheyuste nijtrmaiH|| zikSA SaNNavati :- AcArya zrI tulasI kA vibhinna viSayoM kA sparza karane vAlA eka nItikAvya hai| isakI maulika vizeSatA yaha hai ki isakI zloka racanA mAnatugAcArya ke bhavatAmara stotra kI pAdapUrti ke rUpa meM haI hai| zaikSa vidyArthiyoM ke liye isakI upayogitA asaMdigdha hai / isake pArAyaNa se zloka racanA, pAdapUrti, viSaya nirUpaNa' Adi kA samyaga bodha hotA hai| isameM padapUrti ke sAtha bhAva-sAmaMjasya kA nirvahana bhI bahuta sucAru rUpa se huA hai| stuta kRti meM viravita kA vizleSaNa karate hue kahA hai : dAvAnalaM jvalitamajjavalamatsphaliMga, kaH kotra bhoH prazamana praca rendhanena / Abhyantaro viSayabhogaviz2ambhidAhastvantavirAgasalilaiH / isakI racanA vi. saM. 2005 meM chApara (rAjasthAna) ma huii| isake kula 20 prakaraNa isakA hindI anuvAda muni buddhamalla jI dvArA kiyA gayA hai|

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karttavya SaTtrizikAH - AcArya zrI tulasI dvArA racita eka laghu nItikAvya hai / rAkSasAdhu-sAdhviyoM ko sAdhana kA samyag darzana pradAna karane ke liye prastuta kRti kI racanA huI hai| isakI racanA vi. saM. 2005 meM chApara ( rAjasthAna) meM huI isakA / hindI anuvAda muni buddhamalla jI dvArA kiyA gayA hai| ukta tInoM nIti-kAvyoM ke kaMThIkaraNa kI paramparA hI hai| 93 upadezAmRtam :- candana muni dvArA racita nIti kAvya hai| isameM adhyayana sa aura anubhava landha tathyoM kA sundara vizleSaNa hai / vartamAna kI kuprathAoM aura samasyAoM kI AlocanA ke sAtha unake samAdhAna aura parihAra kA nidarzana bhI isameM hai / nIti kI aneka vyavahArika bAtoM kA isameM samAveza huA hai / kavi ne eka sthAna para kahA hai :--- 1 ki vaktavyaM ? kiyat ? kutra ? kA velA ? kIdRzI sthitiH ? ityAdi viditaM yena taM vANI sukhayet sadA // isI prakAra AvazyakatAoM kI sImAkaraNa kI preraNA dete hue anyatra kahA gayA hai - sarvANi khalu vastuni sImitAni vidhAya ca / tiSTha svasthaH kSaNaM bhrAtaH ! kvApi nAtaH paraM sukham // prastuta kRti kI racanA vi. saM. 2015 meM bhAdra kRSNa aSTamI ke dina jAlanA (mahA-. rASTra meM huI thI / yaha 16 caSakoM meM gumphita hai / ma huii| prAstAvika - zloka-zatakam - candana mani ke dhArmika, naitika aura aupadezika subhASita padya kA saMkalana hai / prastuta kRti meM 100 zloka haiM / isakI racanA vi. saM. 2018 meM bambaI (mahArASTra) isakA hindI bhASA meM anuvAda muni mohanalAla 'zArdU la' dvArA kiyA gayA hai| prAstAvika zloka- zatakajam ke nAma se muni dhanarAja jI 'prathama' kI eka anya kRti aura prApta hai / usameM bhI vibhinna viSayoM para zloka racanA kI gaI hai| yaha kRti aprakAzita hone ke kAraNa sAdhAraNa pAThaka ke liye sulabha nahIM hai / nIti-kAvyoM kI zRMkhalA meM muni vatsarAjajI kA "caturAyAmaH" bhI eka sadyaska kRti hai kintu vaha bhI aba taka aprakAzita hai / terApaMtha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne saMskRta bhASA ke vikAsa ke liye hara naye unmeSa ko svIkAra kiyA aura usameM saphalatA prApta kI / aikAha nikazataka, samasyApUrti, Azukavitva citramaya kAvya Adi unameM pramukha haiM / aikA nika zatakoM ke atirikta kucha anya zataka kAvya bhI likhe gaye haiM jinameM mAnavIya saMvedanAoM ke sAtha antaraMga anubhUtiyoM kA samyaka citraNa huA hai| unameM se kucha pramukha : anabhUti zatakam mikSu zatakam kRSNa zatakam mahAvIra zatakam candanamuni muni nathamala jI mani chatramala jI 13

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94 muni chatramala jI bhikSa zatakam jayAcArya zatakam kAla zatakam tulasI zatakam terApaMtha zatakam tulasI zatakam bhikSu zatakam ASADhabhUti zatakam aNuvrata zatakam dharma zatakam samasyA zatakam naiza dvizatakam harizcandra-kAlikaM dvizatakam zloka zatakam pRthvI zatakam muni dulIcandajI 'dinakara' muni nagarAja jI muni miTThAlAla jI muni campA lAla jI muni madhukara jI muni rAkezakumAra jI sAdhvI phUlakumArI jI sAdhvI mohanakumArI jI sAdhvI kanakazrI jI saMskRta kAvya kI eka aura vidhA hai-citramaya kAvya / yaha vidhA bahuta hI jaTila aura kliSTa hai| isameM racanA karanA agAdha pAMDitya kA sUcaka hai| isake liye gahare adhyavasAya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vikrama kI bArahavIM-terahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga vAgbhaTTa ne apanI kRti 'vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra' meM citramaya zlokoM kA digdarzana karAyA hai| citramaya kAvya kI racanA jaTila aura kliSTa hone ke kAraNa adhika prasArita nahIM ho skii| solahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt to vaha prAyaHlapta ho gii| kintu isa uptaprAyaH kAvya racanA kI vidhi kA tarApA dharmasaMgha meM punarjIvana prApta huA hai| udAharaNArtha eka zloka prastuta hai / vizvesmin prAptukAmA vimalamatimayA mAnavA! navyanavyAM, saccid rocivicitracchaviravizivikAM siddhisAmrAjyaniSThAm / mAhAtmyAciH praviSThAM sitamadhusarasAM saMpraghattAzu tahi, sacchikSA satyasandheH kavivaratulasezcandravacchItarazmeH / / ukta zibikA bandha citramaya zloka meM 84 akSara hote haiM kintu unameM se kevala 70 akSara hI likhe jAte haiN| zeSa 14 akSaroM kI prati bhinna-bhinna prakoSThoM se kI jAtI hai| ukta . zloka ke racayitA mani navaratnamala jI haiN| unhoMne aneka prakAra ke citramaya zlokoM kI racanA kI hai| isa prakAra ke terApaMtha saMskRta-sAhitya ke udabhava aura vikAsa kI saMkSipta prastuti isa nibandha meM huI hai| anavagati aura anupalabdhi ke kAraNa saMbhava hai pUrNa pariciti meM kucha avazeSa bhI rahA ho phira bhI upalabdha sAhitya kA yathAsaMbhava paricaya dene kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| vikrama kI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha aura ikkIsavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM terApaMtha dharma-saMgha ne saMskRta vADamaya ko vibhinna nae unmeSa pradAna kiye haiN| atIta ke siMhAvalokana ke AdhAra para anAgata kA yoga aura adhika mUlyavAna ho sakegA, aisI AzaMkA svAbhAvika hai|

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saMskRta sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra: 4 DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 1. raviSeNAcArya:--raviSeNa purANa grantha ke kartA ke rUpa meM prasiddha prAcArya haiN| inhoMne svayaM ne apane sambandha meM kahIM koI ullekha nahIM kiyA kintu inhoMne jisa guru paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai usake anusAra indrasena ke ziSya divAkara sena, divAkara sena ke ziSya arhatasena, arhatasena ke ziSya lakSmaNasena aura lakSmaNasena ke ziSya raviSeNa / sanAnta nAma hone ke kAraNa ye senasaMgha ke vidvAna jAna par3ate haiN| sena saMgha kA rAjasthAna meM bahuta jora rhaa| somakIrti Adi bhaTaTAraka rAjasthAna kehI jaina santa the| isaliye raviSeNa kA bhI rAjasthAna se vizeSa sambandha rahA isameM do mata nahIM ho sakate / raviSeNa kI eka mAtra kRti padmacarita (padmapurANa) upalabdha hotI hai lekina yaha eka hI kRti unake vizAla pANDitya evaM adbhuta vyaktitva kI paricAyaka hai| yaha eka carita kAvya hai| jisameM 123 parva hai| isameM vesaTha zAlAkA ke mahApuruSoM meM se AThaveM balabhadra rAma, AThaveM nArAyaNa lakSmaNa, bharata, sItA, janaka, aMjanA, pavana, bhAmaNDala, hanumAna, rAkSasavaMzI rAvaNa, vibhISaNa evaM sugrIva Adi kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| ise hama jaina rAmAyaNa kaha sakate haiN| rAmakathA ke aneka rUpa hai usameM jaina AmnAya ke anusAra isa carita kAvya meM usakA eka rUpa milatA hai / padmacarita meM sItA ke Adarza kI sundara jhAMkI prastuta kI gayI hai tathA rAma ke jIvana kI sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahattA svIkAra kI gayI hai| grantha meM rAmacarita ke sAtha vana, parvata, nadI, Rtu Adi ke prAkRtika dRzyoM ko tathA vivAha, janma, mRtyu Adi sAmAjika rItirivAjoM kA sundara varNana huA hai| jaina purANa sAhitya meM raviSaNa ke padmapurANa kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| raviSeNa ne mahAvIra bhagavAna ke nirvANa ke 1203 varSa 6 mahIne vyatIta hone para vi. saM. 734 (san 677) meM ise samApta kiyA thA jaisA ki nimna prazasti se jJAta hotA hai: dvizatAbhyadhike samAsahasra samatIte ardha-caturtha-varzayukte / jina-bhAskara-varddhamAna siddhe caritaM padyamuneridaM nibaddham / / 2. ailAcArya:---ailAcArya prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke prasiddha vidvAn the| ye siddhAnta zAstroM ke vizeSa jJAtA evaM mahAn tapasvI the| citrakUTapura (citauDa) inakA nivAsa sthAna thaa| inhoMne hI AcArya vIrasena ko siddhAnta granthoM kA adhyayana karAyA thaa| vIrasenAcArya ne dhavalA TIkA prazasti meM ailAcArya kA nimna zabdoM meM ullekha kiyA hai:-- jassa pasAeNa mae siddhaMta miMda hi ahilahudaM / mahuso elAiriyo pasiyau vara vIraseNassa / / ailAcArya kA samaya 8vIM zatAbdI kA antima pAda honA cAhiye kyoMki vIrasena na ghavalA TIkA san 811 meM (zaka meM 738) meM nibaddha kI thii| 1. AsIdindraguro divAkarayatiH ziSyo'sya cAhanmani / . stasmAllakSmaNasena sanmuniradaH ziSyo ravistu smRtam- // 95

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96 3. AcArya amRtacandra sUriH -- AcArya kundakunda ke samayasAra, pravacanasAra evaM paMcAstikAya kI TIkA karane ke kAraNa AcArya amRtacandra jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM atyadhika lokapriya TIkAkAra haiM / inakI TIkAoM ke kAraNa Aja kundakunda ke granthoM kA rahasya sabake samajhane meM A sakA / ukta TIkAoM ke atirikta inakI puruSArtha siddhyupAya, tatvArthasAra evaM samayasAra kalaza bhI atyadhika lokapriya racanAyeM mAnI jAtI haiM / mahApaMDita AzAghara ne amRtacandra kA ullekha sUri pada ke sAtha kiyA hai isase jJAta hotA hai ki amRtacandra kisI sammAnita kula ke vyakti the / paM. nAthUrAma premI ne amRtacandra h. sambandha meM jo nayA prakAza DAlA hai usake AdhAra para mAghavacandra ke ziSya amRtacandra 'bAmaNavADe' meM Aye aura yahAM unhoMne ralhaNa ke putra siMha yA siddha nAmaka kavi ko pajjuNNacariu banAne kI preraNA kI / yadi bayAnA (rAja.) ke pAsa sthita bAMbhaNavADa- brahmavAda donoM eka hI haiM to amRtacandra ne rAjasthAna ko bhI paryApta samaya taka alaMkRta kiyA thA aisA kahA jA sakatA hai / usake atirikta rAjasthAna ke vibhinna jaina bhaNDAroM meM amRtacandra ke granthoM kA jo vizAla saMgraha milatA hai usase bhI hama inheM rAjasthAnI vidvAn kaha sakate haiN| yahI nahIM rAjasthAnI vidvAn rAjamala ne sarva prathama amRtacandra kRta samayasAra kalaza TIkA para hindI meM TabbA TIkA likhI thii| amRtacandra kA samaya adhikAMza vidvAnoM ne 11vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha mAnA hai / lekina paM. jagalakizora mukhtAra ne inakA samaya 10vIM zatAbdI kA tRtIya caraNa batalAyA hai / inakA puruSArthasiddhyupAya zrAvakAcAra sambandhI grantha hai isameM 226 saMskRta padya haiM / zrAvaka dharma ke varNana ke sAtha hI usameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna samyakcAritra kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| grantha ke prArambha meM nizcaya naya evaM vyavahAra naya kI carcA hai to anta meM ratnatraya ko mokSa kA upAya batalAyA gayA hai / puNyAsrava ko zubhopayoga kA bAdhaka batalAnA puruSArthasiddha yupAya kI vizeSatA hai / tatvArthasAra ko AcArya amRtacandra ne mokSamArga kA prakAza karane vAlA eka pramukha dIpaka batalAyA hai / yaha tatvArthasUtra kA sAra rUpa grantha hai jisameM 9 adhikAra haiM aura jIva ajIva Asava baMdha Adi tatvoM kA vizada vivecana hai / isameM yukti Agama se sunizcita samyagdarzana samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra kA svarUpa pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / samayasAra kalaza-AcArya kundakunda ke samayasAra para kalaza rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| isakA viSaya vargIkaraNa bhI samayasAra ke anusAra hI hai| isameM 278 padya haiM jo 12 adhikAroM meM vibhakta haiM / prArambha meM AcArya amRtacandra ne Atma tatva ko namaskAra karate hue batalAyA hai: namaH samayasArAya svAnubhUtyA cakAsate / citasvabhAvAya bhAvAya sarvabhAvAntaracchide / samayasAra TIkA AtmakhyAti ke nAma se prasiddha hai / TIkA meM unhoMne gAthA ke zabdoM kI vyAkhyA karake usake abhiprAya ko apanI pariSkRta gadyazailI meM vyakta kiyA hai / isI taraha pravacanasAra kI TIkA kA nAma tatvadIpikA hai| isa TIkA meM AcArya amRtacandra kI AdhyAtmika rasikatA, AtmAnubhava, prakhara vidvattA, evaM vastu svarUpa ko tarka pUrvaka siddha karane kI asAdhAraNa zakti kA paricaya milatA hai / kahIM kahIM to mUla granthakAra ne jina bhAvoM ko choDa diyA hai unako bhI unhoMne isa TIkA ma khola diyA hai / isI taraha paMcAstikAya TIkA bhI inakI prAMjalakRti hai jisameM jIvAdi paMcAstikAya kA vizada vivecana huA hai / amatacandra (dvitIya) -- lekina paM. paramAnanda jI zAstrI kA mata hai ki amRtacandra-II mAdhavacandra malaghArI ke ziSya the / apabhraMza ke mahAkavi siMha athavA siddha inhIM ke ziSya the

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97 jinhoMne amRtacandra kI preraNA se apUrNa evaM khaNDita pradyumnacarita kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| prathamnacarita kI prazasti meM amatacandra ke liye likhA hai ki amatacandra tapa teja rUpI divAkara tathA para niyama evaM zIla ke ratnAkara the| apane tarka rUpI laharoM se jinhoMne anya darzanoM ko jhakolita kara diyA thaa| jo unameM vyAkaraNa rUpa padoM ke prasAraka the tathA jinake brahmacarya ke Age kAmadeva mI hila gayA thA / 4. rAmasenaH-rAmasena nAmake kitane hI vidvAn ho cuke haiM lekina prastuta rAmasena kASTAsaMgha, nandAtaTagaccha aura vidyAgaNa ke AcArya the| AcArya somakoti dvArA racita gurSAvali meM rAmasena ko narasiMhapurA jAti kA saMsthApaka mAnA hai| bAgaDa pradeza se rAmasena kA adhika sambandha thA aura rAjasthAna inakI vihAra bhUmi thii| rAmasena kI paramparA meM kitane hI bhaTTAraka prasiddha vidvAna the aura unhoMne apanI prazastiyoM meM rAmasena kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai| rAmasena ko vidvAnoM ne 10 vIM zatAbdI kA svIkAra kiyA hai| inakI eka mAtra kRti tatvAnuzAsana saMskRta kI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| isameM 258 padya haiM jinameM adhyAtma viSaya kA bahuta hI sundara pratipAdana haA hai|" eka vidvAna ke zabdoM meM rAmasena ne adhyAtma jaise nIrasa, kaThora aura durbodha viSaya ko utanA sarala evaM subodha banA diyA hai ki pAThaka kA mana kabhI Uba nahIM sktaa| isa grantha meM dhyAna kA vizada vivecana huA hai| karmabandha kI nivRtti ke liye dhyAna kI AvazyakatA batalAte hue dhyAna, dhyAna kI sAmagrI aura usake bhedoM Adi kA sundara pratipAdana huA hai| svAdhyAya se dhyAna kA abhyAsa kareM kyoMki dhyAna aura svAdhyAya se paramAtmA kA prakAza hotA hai| ke ziSya AragaNAkarasanamAraka ziSya yA lAU bAgaDasava kA rAjasthAna sapirApa sanyApa 5. AcArya mahAsenaH--AcArya mahAsena lADa bAgaDa saMgha ke pUrNacandra AcArya jayasena nasari ke ziSya the| lADa bAgaDa saMgha kA rAjasthAna se vizeSa sambandha thaa| isaliye AcArya mahAsena ne rAjasthAna meM vizeSa rUpa se vihAra kiyA aura dharma sAhitya evaM saMskRti kA pracAra kiyaa| prahAmna carita kI prazasti ke anusAra ye siddhAntaza, bAdI, vAgmI aura kavi the tathA zabdarUpI brahma ke vicitra ghAma the| ve yazasviyoM dvArA mAnya, sajjanoM meM agraNI evaM pApa rahita the aura paramAra vaMzI rAjA munja ke dvArA pUjita the| AcArya mahAsena kI eka mAtra kRti pradyumnacarita upalabdha hai| yaha eka mahAkAvya hai| isameM 14 sarga haiM jinameM zrIkRSNa jI ke putra pradyumna kA jIvana carita nibaddha hai| kAvya kA kathAbhAga baDA hI sundara rasa aura alaMkAroM se alaMkRta hai| kavi ne isameM racanAkAla kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai kinta rAjA manja kA samaya 10 vIM zatAbdI kA hai ataH yahI samaya AcApaM mahAsana kA honA cAhie / 6. kavi DaDDhA:--ye saMskRta ke acche vidvAna the|.cittodd inakA nivAsa sthAna thaa| inake pitA kA nAma zrIpAla evaM ye jAti se poravADa the| jaisA ki nimna prazasti ma diyA gayA hai zrIcitrakUTa vAstavya prAgvAra vaNijA kRte / zrIpAlasuta-DaDDheNa sphuTaH prakRtisaMgrahaH // inakI eka mAtra kRti saMskRta paMcasaMgraha hai jo prAkRta paMcasaMgraha kI gAthAoM kA anavAda hai| 'amitigati AcArya ne bhI saMskRta meM paMcasaMgraha kI racanA kI thI lekina donoM ke adhyayama se jIta 1. jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa-bhAga 2 pRSTha 357 2. tacchiSyo viditA khilorusamayo vAdI ca vAgmI kadhiH zabdabrahmavicitravAma yazasA mAnyAM staamgrnnii| bAsI zrImahasenasUriranagha zrI sunjarAjAcita : sImAndAna-yodhapratta tapasAM, macyAbjanI bAMdhava: :

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98 hotA hai ki DaDDhA ke paMcasaMgraha meM jahAM prAkRta gAthAoM kA anuvAda mAtra hai vahAM amitigati ke paMcasaMgraha meM anAvazyaka kathana bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kavi DaDDhA amRtacandrasUri ke bAda ka tathA amitigati ke pUrva ke vidvAna haiN| amitigati meM apanA paMcasaMgraha vi. saM. 1073 meM banA kara samApta kiyA thA isalie DaDDhA isaka pUrva ke vidvAn hai| vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya saMvat 1055 kA mAnA hai / 7. AcArya zubhacandra-(prathama):-zabhacandra nAma ke kitane hI vidvAn ho gaye haiN| Age inhIM pRSThoM meM do zubhacandra kA aura varNana kiyA jaavegaa| prastuta zubhacandra jJAnArNava ke racayitA haiM jinake nivAsa sthAna, kula jAti evaM vaMza paramparA ke bAre meM koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotii| zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava kA rAjasthAna meM sarvAdhika pracAra rhaa| eka eka bhaNDAra meM inakI 25-30 pratiyAM taka milatI haiN| yahI nahIM isa para hindI gadya padya TIkA bho rAjasthAnI vidvAnoM kI hai| isaliye adhika sambhava yahI hai ki zumacandra rAjasthAnI vidvAn rahe hoM athavA inhoMne rAjasthAna ko bhI apane vihAra se evaM upadezoM se pAvana kiyA ho| jJAnArNava yogazAstra kA pramukha grantha hai| isameM 48 prakaraNa haiM jinameM 12 bhAvanA, paMca mahAvrata evaM dhyAnAdi kA sundara vivecana huA hai| jJAnArNava pUjyApAda ke samAdhitantra e iSTopadeza se prabhAvita hai| grantha kI bhASA sarala evaM pravAhamaya hai tathA vaha sAmAnya pAThaka ke bhI acchI taraha samajha meM A sakatI hai| 8. brahmadevaH--brahmadeva rAjasthAnI vidvAn the| prAkRta, apabhraza evaM saMskRta ke ve gharandhara paMDita the| ve Azramapasana nAmaka nagara meM nivAsa karate the| Azramapatana kA vartamAna nAma kezorAyapATana hai| yaha sthAna bandI se tIna mIla dUra cambala nadI ke kinAre para avasthita hai| yahIM para manisUvata nAtha kA vizAla evaM prAcIna mandira hai jo atIta meM eka tIrtha sthala ke rUpa meM pratiSThita thA jahAM prativarSa hajAroM yAtrI darzanArtha Ate haiN| 13 vIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle muni madanakIrti ne apanI zAsana catustriMzikA meM isa nagara kA ullekha kiyA hai| yahI nahIM isa tIrtha kI nirvANa kANDa gAthA meM bhI "assArambhe paTTaNi muNisuvvayajiNaM ca vaMdAmi" zabdoM meM bandanA kI hai| brahmadava ne isI nagara meM vRhadravyasaMgraha evaM paramAtmaprakAza para saMskRta meM TIkA likhI thI TokA bahuta hI vistRta evaM mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha TIkA somarAja zreSThI ke liye likhI gayI thI aura sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki svayaM grantha kAra muni nemicandra,TIkAkAra brahmadeva evaM somarAja zreSThI isa sAhityika yajJa meM sammilita the| dravyasaMgraha kRti meM somarAja zreSThi ke do praznoM kA uttara nAmollekha ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai isase yaha spaSTa pratIta hotA hai ki kRtikAra ke samaya ve mI upasthita the| __ dravyasaMgraha kRti kI prAcInatama pANDulipi saM. 1416 ko jayama ke TholiyoM ke maMdira meM upalabdha hotI hai| dravyasaMgraha evaM pravacanasAra TIkAoM meM amatacandra, rAmatiDa, amitigati. haDatA aura prabhAcandra Adi ke granthoM ke uddharaNa milate haiM jo 10vIM aura 11 zatAbdI ke vidvAna hai| isaliye brahmadeva kA samaya 11vIM zatAbdI kA aMtima caraNa athavA 12vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa mAnA jA sakatA hai| 9. A. jayasenaH-AcArya amRtacandra ke samAna jayasena ne bhI samayasAra, pravacanasAra evaM paMcAstikAya ina tInoM para saMskRta TIkA likhI hai aura ina TIkAoM kI bhI samAja meM lokapriyatA rahI hai| jayasena AcArya bIrasena ke praziSya

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99 evaM somasena ke ziSya the| eka prazasti ke anusAra inake pitAmaha kA nAma mAla sAha evaM pitA kA nAma mahIpati sAdhu thaa| unakA svayaM kA nAma cArUbhaTa thA aura jaba ve digambara muni ho gaye taba unakA nAma jayasena rakhA gayA / / samayasAra, pravacanasAra evaM paJcAstikAya para nirmita TIkAoM kA nAma tAtparya vRtti hai / vRtti kI bhASA sarala evaM sugama hai / rAjasthAna meM jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM ina TIkAoM kI pratiyAM acchI saMkhyA meM milatI hai| jayasena na apanI TIkAoM meM samaya kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA / DA. e. ena. 'upAdhya ne inakA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha evaM 13 vIM zatAbdIkA pUrvAddha nizcita kiyA hai kyoMki inhoMne vIranandi ke AcArasAra meM do padya uddhata kiye haiM / vIranandi ke guru mAdhavacandra traividhadeva kA svargavAsa vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI meM huA thA isaliye jayasena kA samaya 13vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa mAnanA hI ucita hai / 10. AzAdharaH-mahApaMDita AzAghara rAjasthAna ke lokapriya vidvAn the| ve mUlataH mAMDalagaDha (mevADa) ke nivAsI the / inakA janma bhI usI nagara meM haA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma sallakhaNa evaM mAtA kA nAma zrIratnI thA / inakI patnI kA nAma sarasvatI evaM pUtra kA , nAma chAhaDa thA / inake putra chAhaDa ne arjuna varmA ko anuraMjita kiyA thaa| AzAvara mAMDalagar3ha meM dasa-pandraha varSa hI bitA pAye the ki zahAbaddIna gorI ne sana 1292 meM pathvIrAja ko harAkara dillI ko apanI rAjavAnI banAyo aura ajamera para bhI apanA adhikAra kara liyA / unake AkramaNoM se saMtrasta hokara apane caritra kI rakSArtha ve saparivAra bahata se anya logoM ke sAtha mAlavadeza kI rAjadhAnI dhArA meM Akara basa gaye the / usa samaya dhArA nagarI vidyA kA kendra thI aura aneka vidvAnoM kI vahAM bhIDa rahatI thI / AzAdhara ne dhArA meM Ane ke pazcAta paMDita zrIdhara ke ziSya paMDita mahAvIra se nyAya aura vyAkaraNa zAstrakA adhyayana kiyA thA / lekina kucha samaya dhArA meM rahane ke uparAnta ve vahAM se nalakacchapura cale gaye jo dhArA magarI se 10 koza dUrI para sthita thA / nalakacchapura (nAlachA) dharmaniSTha zrAvakoM kA kendra thA / vahAM kA neminAtha kA mandira AzAdhara ke svAdhyAya evaM grantha nirmANa karane kA kendra thA / yahAM ve 30-35 varSa taka rahe - sUriH zrI vIrasenAkhyo mUlasaMghepi sattayA: / namrarthapadavIM bheje jAtarUpa dharopi ya : tataHzrI somaseno'mud gaNI guNagaNAzrayaH / tadvineyosti yastasyai jayasena tapobhate // zIghra babhUva mAla sAdhuH sadA dharmarato vadAnya : sUnustataH sAdhuH mahIpatistasmAdayaM cArUbhaTastanUja : // mlecchezena sapAdalakSaviSaye vyApte suvRttakSatitrAsAdvindhya narendadoH parimalasphUrjatrivargAjasi prApto mAlavamaNDale bahuparIvAraH purImAvasan yo dhArAmapaThajjinapramiti vAkzAstre mahAvIrataH // 5 // zrImadarja na bhUpAla rAjye zrAvakasaMkule / jainadharmodIrtha yo malakacchapurevasat /

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100 aura rahate hue unhoMne aneka grantha likhe, unakI TIkAyeM likhIM aura vahAM adhyApana kArya bhI sampanna kiyA / lekina saMvat 1282 meM AzAdhara jI nAlachA se salakhaNapura cale gaye jahA~ jaina acchI saMkhyA meM rahate the / malha kA putra nAgadeva bhI vahAM kA nivAsI thA jo mAlavarAjya kI cuMgI vibhAga meM kArya karatA thA tathA yathAzakti dharma-sAdhana bhI karatA thA / nAgadeva kI patnI ke kiye unhoMne ratnatraya vidhAna kI racanA kI thii| AzAdhara saMskRta ke mahAn paMDita the tathA nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya, balakAra, zabdakoSa, dharmazAstra, yogazAstra aura vaidyaka Adi viSayoM para unakA pUrNa adhikAra thaa|ve pratimAsampanna vidvAn the| unakI lekhanI kevala jaina granthoM taka hI sImita nahIM rahI kintu aSTAMgahRdaya, kAvyAlaMkAra evaM amarakoSa jaise granthoM para unhoMne TIkAyeM likha kara apane pANDitya kA bhI paricaya diyaa| lekina kheda hai ki ye sabhI TIkAyeM vartamAna meM upalabdha nahIM hai| vibhinna vidvAnoM ne unheM kavi kAlidAsa, prajJApaMja evaM navavizvacakSa jaisI upAdhiyoM se unakA apane granthoM meM abhinandana kiyA hai| vAstava meM saMskRta bhASA ke aise dhurandhara vidvAn para jaina samAja ko hI nahIM kintu samasta deza ko garva hai| mahApaMDita AzAghara kI 18 racanAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, lekina inameM 11 racanA upalabdha haiM aura sAta racanAyeM anupalabdha haiN| ina racanAoM kA sAmAnya paricaya nimna prakAra hai :-- 1. prameyaratna kara:-yaha grantha abhI taka aprApta hai / granthakAra ne ise syAdvAdavidyA kA nirmala prasAda batalAyA hai / 2. maratezvarAbhyudayaH--yaha kAvya grantha bhI aprApta hai / isa kAvya meM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke putra bharata cakravartI ke abhyudaya kA varNana hai / 3. jJAnadIpikA:-yaha sAgAra evaM anagAradharmAmata kI svopajJa paMjikA hai / yaha bhI abhI taka anupalabba hI hai / ____4. rAjamatI vipralaMbha:-yaha eka khaNDa kAvya hai jisameM rAjamatI aura neminAtha ke viyoga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / racanA svopajJa TIkA sahita hai lekina abhI taka anupa 5. adhyAtmarahasya:--isa racanA ko khoja nikAlane kA zreya zrI jugala kizora mukhtAra ko hai| isakI eka mAtra pANDalipi ajamera ke bhaTaTArakIya zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / prastuta kRti mukhtAra sA. dvArA hindI TIkA ke sAtha sampAdita hokara vIra sevA mandira se prakAzita ho cukI hai| yaha adhyAtma viSaya kA grantha hai / AcArya kundakunda ne AtmA ke bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA ye tIna bheda kiye haiM jabaki AzAdhara ne svAtmA, zuddhasvAtmA evaM parabrahma isa prakAra tIna bheda kiye haiM / ___6. mUlArAdhanA TIkA:-yaha prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha zivArya kI bhagavatI ArAdhanA ko TIkA hai| 7. iSTopadeza TIkA:-AcArya pUjyapAda ke prasiddha granya iSTopadeza kI TIkA hai / 8. bhUpAla caturviMzati TIkA:--bhUpAla kavi kRta caturviMzati stotra ko TIkA 3 jo vinayacandra ke liye banAyI gayI thI / --meena

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9.. ArAdhanAsAra TIkA--yaha devasena ke ArAdhanAsAra para TIkA hai| isakI ka pANDulipi Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM upalabdha hai / 10. amarakoza TIkA-- yaha amarasiMha kRta amarakoza para TIkA hai jo abhI saka aprApya sthiti meM hI hai| 11. kriyAkalApa - isameM AcAra zAstra kA varNana hai / 12. . kAvyAlaMkAra TIkA-- yaha rudraTa kavi ke kAvyAlaMkAra para TIkA hai / 13. jina sahasranAma-- yaha jinendra bhagavAna kA stotra hai jisa para svayaM granthakAra kI TIkA hai / yaha zrutasAgara sUri kI TIkA ke sAtha bhAratIya jJAnapITha se prakAzita ho cukA hai| 14 jina-paMjarakAvya- isameM pratiSThA sambandhI kriyAoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA huA hai / mahApaMDita AzAdhara ne ise saMvat 1285 meM nalakacchapura ke neminAtha caityAlaya meM samApta kiyA thA / usa samaya mAlavA para paramAravaMzI devapAla kA zAsana thaa| 15. triSaSTismRtizAstra-- isameM saMkSipta rUpa meM presaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA carika vaNita hai / grantha ko racanA nitya svAdhyAya ke liye jAjAka paMDita kI preraNA se sampanna huI thI / isa grantha kA racanAkAla vi. saM. 1292 hai| yaha bhI nalakacchapura ke neminAtha caityAlaya meM hI samApta hayA thA / ___16. ratnatraya vidhAna-- yaha laghu grantha hai jo salakhaNapura ke nivAsI nAgadeva kI preraNA se usakI patnI ke liye likhA gayA thaa| isakA racanA kAla saMvat 1282 hai / __17-18. sAgAra dharmAmRta evaM anagAra dharmAmRta bhavyakumuda candrikA TIkA sahitamahApaMDita, AzAdhara ke ye donoM hI atyadhika lokapriya grantha hai / sAgAradharmAmRta meM gRhasthadharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai jo ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| isI taraha anagAradharmAmRta meM munidharma kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM muniyoM ke mulagaNa evaM uttaraguNoM kA vistAra pUrvaka varNana huA hai| sAgAra dharmAmRta TIkA sahita racanA vi. saM. 1296 meM pauSa sudI 7 zakravAra ke dina samApta kI gayI / isa grantha-racanA kI preraNA dene vAle the paurapATAnvayI mahIcanda sAdhu / anagAradharmAmata kI racanA isake cAra varSa pazcAt vi. saM. 1300 meM kArtika sudI 5 somavAra ke dina samApta haI thii| yaha bhI TIkA sahita hai| kavi ne mala grantha kI racanA 954 zlokoM meM kI thii| isa prakAra mahA paMDita AzAdhara ne saMskRta bhASA kI jo sevA kI thI, vaha sadA ullekhanIya rhegii| AzAdhara kA samaya vikrama kI 13 vIM zatAbdI nizcita hai| anagAra dharmAmata unakI antima kRti thI jo saMvata 1300 kI racanA hai| isake pazcAta kavi adhika samaya taka jIvita raha hoM isakI kama saMbhAvanA hai| 11. vAgbhaTTa ___ vAgbhaTTa nAma ke kitane hI vidvAna ho gaye haiM / Ayurveda zAstra kI suprasiddha kRti aSTAMgahRdaya ke racayitA vAgbhaTTa ke nAma se adhikAMza vidvAn paricita haiM, ye sindhu deza

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102 nivAsI the|nminirvaann mahAkAvya ke nirmAtA vAgma mahAkavi the jo poravADa jAti ke zrAvaka pe tathA chAhaDa ke putra the| vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke kartA tIsara vAgbhaTTa the jo gujarAta ke solaMkI rAjA siddharAja jayasiMha ke mahAmAtya the| ye zvetAmbara sampradAya ke vidvAna the| __prastuta vAgbhaTTa ukta tInoM vidvAnoM se bhinna haiN| ye vAgbhaTTa bhI atyadhika sampanna gharAne ke the jinake pitAmaha kA nAma mAkkalaya thaa| mAkkalaya ke do putra the, isameM rAhaDa jyeSTha evaM nemikUmAra lagha putra the| ina donoM bhAiyoM meM rAma lakSmaNa jaisA prema thaa| rAhaDa ne vyApAra meM vipula dravya evaM pratiSThA prApta kI thii| rAhaDa ne do nagaroM ko basAyA thA jo rAhaDapura evaM taloTakapura ke nAma se vikhyAta huye| rAhaDapura meM bhagavAn neminAtha kA vizAla jinAlaya bhI inhoMne hI bnvaayaa| taloTakapura meM rAhaDa dvArA nirmita RSabhadeva ke vizAla jinAlaya meM 22 vediyAM banavAyI gyauN| mevADa kI janatA nemikumAra se bahuta prabhAvita thii| inhIM nemikumAra ke putra the vAgbhaTTa, jinakI do kRtiyAM chandonuzAsana evaM kAvyAnuzAsana upalabdha hotI hai, chandonuzAsana saMskRta ke chanda zAstra kA grantha hai jo pAMca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| ye adhyAya hai--saMjJAdhyAya, samavRttAkhya, argha samavRttAkhya, mAtrAsamaka evaM mAtrA chndk| kAvyAnuzAsana laghu grantha hai jisameM 289 sUtra hai tathA jinameM kAvya saMbaMdhI viSayoM kA rasa, alaMkAra, chanda, guNa, doSa Adi kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| isakI svopajJavatti meM kavi ne vibhinna granthoM ke padya uddhRta kiye haiN| thAgabhaTTa svayaM ne apane Apako mahAkavi likhA hai| ye 13 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the / 12. bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra prabhAcandra bhaTTAraka the| ve bhaTTAraka dharmacandra ke praziSya evaM bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke ziSya the| bhaTTAraka dharmacandra eva bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti donoM hI apane samaya ke prabhAvazAlI mahAraka the| inake dvArA pratiSThApita kitanI hI matiyAM raNathambhaura, bharatapura evaM jayapura Adi nagaroM meM milatI haiN| pramAcandra tugalaka vaMza ke zAsana kAla meM huye the| ve jaina saMgha ke AcArya the aura ajamera unakI gAdI kA pramukha kendra thA tathA rAjasthAna, dehalI evaM uttarapradeza unakA kAryakSetra thaa| eka paTTAvalI ke anusAra bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kA janma saMvat 1290 pauSa sudI 15 ko huaa| ve 12 varSa taka gRhastha rahe tathA 12 varSa taka sAdhu kI avasthA meM dIkSita rhe| ve 74 varSa 11 mAsa 15 dina taka bhaTTAraka pada para bane rhe| inhoMne jyapAda ke samAdhitantra para tathA AcArya amRtacandra ke AtmAnuzAsana para saMskRta TIkAyeM likhIM jo apane samaya kI lokapriya TIkAyeM mAnI jAtI rhiiN| 13. maTTAraka padmanandi ma. prabhAcandra ke ye pramukha ziSya the| ve prabhAcandra kI ora se gujarAta meM dharma pracAra ke liye niyukta the aura vahIM para vai samAja dvArA bhaTTAraka pada para pratiSThita kara diye gye| bhaTTAraka -- banane se pUrva ye AcArya zabda se saMbodhita kiye jAte the| eka paTTAvalI ke anusAra ve jAti se brAhmaNa the| ve kevala 10 varSa 7 mahIne taka hI apane pitA ke pAsa rahe aura 11 varSa kI Ayu meM hI vairAgya dhAraNa kara inhoMne maTTAraka pramAcandra kA ziSyatva svIkAra kara liyaa| yuvAvasthA meM ve AcArya bana gye| isake pazcAta saMvata 1385 pauSa sudI saptamI kI zubha velA meM bhaTTAraka

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103 di para sazobhita kara diye gye| isa samaya unakI Aya kevala 34 varSa kI thii| ve pUrNa evA the, aura pratibhA ke dhanI the| padmanandi para sarasvatI kI asIma kRpA thii| eka bAra unhoMne gaSANa kI sarasvatI ko mukha se bulA diyA thaa| - gujarAta pradeza ke atirikta AcArya padmanandi ne rAjasthAna ko apanA kArya kSetra cunA thA cittauDa, mevADa, bandI, naiNavA, ToMka jhAlAvADa jaise sthAnoM ko apanI gatividhiyoM kA kendra bnaayaa| ve naiNavA (cittauDa) jaise sAMskRtika nagara meM 10 varSa se bhI adhika samaya taka rhe| ma. sakalakIti ne unase isI nagara meM zikSA prApta kI thI aura yahIM para unase dIkSA dhAraNa kI thii| inake pantha meM aneka sAva-sAdhviyAM thiiN| inake cAra ziSya pradhAna the jinhoMne deza ke alaga-alaga mAgoM meM bhaTTAraka gAdiyAM sthApita kI thiiN| __ AcArya padmanandi saMskRta ke bar3e bhArI vidvAn the| rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM inakI kitanI ho racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM unameM se kucha racanAoM ke nAma nimna prakAra hai :1. padamanandi zrAvakAcAra 2. anantavrata kathA 3. dvAdazavatodyAna pUjA 4. pArzvanAtha stotra 5. nandIzvara bhakti pUjA 6. lakSmI stotra 7. vItarAga stotra zrAvakAcAra TIkA 9. deva-zAstra-gurupujA 10. ratnatrayapUjA bhAvanA cautIsI 12. paramAtmarAja stotra 13. sarasvatI pUjA 14 sidapUjA 15. zAntinAtha stavana 14. maTAraka sakalakoti 15 vIM zatAbdI meM jaina sAhitya kI jabaradasta prabhAvanA karane vAle AcAryoM meM bhaTrAraka kalakoti kA nAma sarvopari hai| deza meM jaina sAhitya evaM saMskRti kA jo jabaradasta pracAra evaM prasAra ho sakA usameM inakA pramukha yogadAna rahA / sakalakIrti ne saMskRta evaM prAkRta sAhitya ko naSTa hone se bacAyA aura logoM meM usake prati adabhuta AkarSaNa paidA kiyaa| jIvana paricaya santa sakalakIrti kA janma saMvat 1443 (san 1386) meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma karamasiMha evaM mAtA kA nAma zomA thaa| ye aNahilapura paTTaNa ke rahane vAle the| inakI jAti hubaMDa thii| inake bacapana kA nAma 'pUnasiMha' athavA pUrNasiMha thA / eka paTTAvalI meM inakA nAma 'padartha' bhI diyA huA hai| 25 varSa taka ye pUrNa gRhastha rahe lekina 26veM varSa meM inhoMne apAra 1. haraSI suNIya suvANi pAlai anya Ubhari supara / coUda tritAla pramANi pUrai dina putra janamIu // 2. nyAti mAMhi muhutavaMta hUMvaDa haraSi vakhANiie / karamasiMha vitapanna udayavanta ima jANIie // 3 // zobhita tarasa aradhAMgi, mUlIsarIsya suMdarIya / sIla syaMgArita aMgi pekha pratyakSe puraMdarIya // 4ll -sakalakIti rAsa

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104 sampatti ko tilAMjali dekara sAdhu jIvana apanA liyA / usa samaya maTTAraka padmanandi kA mukhya kendra naiNavAM ( rAjasthAna ) thaa| ve Agama granyoM ke pAragAmI vidvAn mAne jAte the| isaliye ye bhI naiNavAM cale gaye aura unake ziSya bana kara adhyayana karane lge| vahAM ye ATha varSa rahe aura prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke granthoM kA gambhIra adhyayana kiyA, unake marma ko samajhA aura bhaviSya meM sat-sAhitya kA pracAra-prasAra hI apanA eka uddezya banA liyA / 34 veM varSa meM unhoMne bhaTTAraka padavI grahaNa kI aura apanA nAma sakalakIti rakha liyA / vyaktitva evaM pANDitya bhaTTAraka sakalakIti agAdhAraNa vyaktitva vAle santa the / inhoMne jina-jina paramparAoM kI nIMva rakhI. unakA bAda meM khaba vikAsa haA / adhyayana gambhIra thA-isaliye koI bhI vidvAna inake sAmane nahIM Tika sakatA thaa| prAkRta evaM saMskRta bhASAoM para inakA samAna adhikAra thaa| brahma jinadAsa evaM bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti jaise vidvAnoM kA inakA ziSya honA hI inake prabala pANDitya kA sUcaka hai / inakI vANI meM jAdU thA isaliye jahAM bhI inakA vihAra ho jAtA yA vahIM inake saiMkar3oM bhakta bana jAte the| ye svayaM to yogyatama vidvAna the hI, kintu inhoMne apane ziSyoM ko bhI apane hI samAna vidvAn banAyA / brahma jinadAsa ne, apane "jambUsvAmI carita" meM inako mahAkavi, nirgrantha rAja evaM zuddha caritradhArI tathA harivaMza purANa meM tapo. niSi evaM nirgrantha zreSTha Adi upAdhiyoM se sambodhita kiyA hai / bhaTTAraka sakalabhUSaNa ne apane upadeza-ratnamAlA kI prazasti meM kahA hai ki sakalakIti jana-jana kA citta svataH hI apanI ora AkRSTa kara lete the| ye puNya-mUrti svarUpa the tathA purANa granthoM ke racayitA the / isI taraha bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne sakalakIrti ko purANa evaM kAvyoM kA prasiddha netA kahA hai| inake atirikta inake bAda hone vAle prAyaH sabhI bhaTTAraka santoM ne sakalakIrti ke vyaktitva evaM vidvattA kI bhArI prazaMsA kI hai / ye maTTAraka the kintu mani nAma se bhI apane mApako sambodhita karate the / "dhanya kumAra caritra" grantha kI puSpikA meM inhoMne apane-ApakA "muni sakalakoti" nAma se paricaya diyA hai / mRtyu eka paTTAvalI ke anusAra maTTAraka sakalakIrti 56 varSa taka jIvita rahe / saMvata 1499 meM mahasAnA nagara meM unakA svargavAsa huA / paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ne bhI "prazasti saMgraha" meM inako mRtyu saMvat 1499 meM mahasAnA (gujarAta) meM honA likhA hai / DA. jyoti 1. tatomavattasya jagatprasiddhaH paTaTe manojJe sklaadikiitiH| mahAkaviHzaddhacaritradhArI nirgrantharAjA jagati pratApI // -jambUsvAmI caritra tatpaTTa paMkajavikAsamAsvAna vabhava nirgranthavaraH pratApI / mahAkavitvAdikalA pravINaH taponidhiHcI sakalAdikItiH // -harivaMza purANa 3. tatpaTTadhArI janacittahAri purANamukhyottama-zAstrakArI ! bhaTTAraka-zrIsakalAdikotiH prasiddhanAmAjani puNyamUrtiH // 21611 upadezaratnamAlA, saphalabhUSaNa

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105 prasAda jaina evaM DA. premasAgara bhI isI saMvata ko sahI mAnate haiN| lekina DA. jyotiprasAda inakA pUrA jIvana 81 varSa svIkAra karate haiM jo aba lekhaka ko prApta vibhinna paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra vaha sahI nahIM jAna pdd'taa| 'sakalakIrti rAsa' meM unakI vistRta jIvana gAthA hai / usameM spaSTa rUpa se saMvata 1443 ko janma evaM 1499 meM mRtyu tithi likhI hai / rAjasthAna meM grantha bhaMDAroM kI jo abhI khoja huI hai unameM hameM abhI taka nimna racanAyeM upalabdha ho sakI hai :-- saMskRta kI racanAeM malAcAra pradIpa Adi purANa zAntinAtha caritra mallinAtha caritra dhanyakumAra caritra sudarzana caritra 13. pArzvanAtha caritra 15. nemijina caritra 17. tatvArthasAra dIpaka 19. AgamasAra 21. sAracatuviMzatikA 23. jambUsvAmI caritra pUjA grantha 2. praznottaropAsakAcAra 4. uttara purANa 6. varddhamAna caritra yazodhara caritra sukumAla caritra 12. sadbhASitAvali vratakathA koSa karmavipAka siddhAntasAra dIpaka paramAtmarAja stotra 22. zrIpAla caritra 24. dvAdazAnuprekSA 16. 18. 20. 25. aSTAnhikA pUjA 27. gaNadharavalaya pUjA 26. solahakAraNa pUjA rAjasthAnI kRtiyAM 1. ArAdhanA pratibodha sAra 3. muktAvali gIta solaha kAraNa rAsa 7. zAntinAtha phAga 2. nemIzvara gIta 4. NamokAra phala gIta 6. sArasIkhAmaNi rAsa ukta kRtiyoM ke atirikta abhI aura bhI racanAeM ho sakatI haiM jinakI abhI khoja honA bAkI hai| bhaTTAraka sakalakIti kI saMskRta bhASA ke samAna rAjasthAnI bhASA meM bhI koI baDI racanA milanI cAhiye, kyoMki inake pramukha ziSya bra. jinadAsa ne inhIM kI preraNA evaM upadeza se rAjasthAnI bhASA meM 50 se bhI adhika racanAeM nibaddha kI haiN| akele inhIM ke sAhitya para eka zodha prabandha likhA jA sakatA hai| aba yahAM kucha granthoM kA paricaya diyA jA rahA hai| 1. AdipurANa--isa purANa meM bhagavAn AdinAtha, bharata, bAhubali, sulocanA, jayakIrti Adi mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| purANa sargoM meM vibhakta hai aura isameM 20 sarga haiN| pUrANa kI zloka saMkhyA 4628 zloka pramANa haiN| varNana, zailI sundara evaM sarasa hai| racanA kA dUsarA nAma 'vaSabhanAthacaritra' bhI hai /

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106 2. uttara purANa --isameM 23 tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kA varNana hai evaM sAtha meM cakravartI balabhadra, nArAyaNa, pratinArAyaNa prAdi zalAkA-mahApuruSoM ke jIvana kA bhI varNana hai| isameM 15 adhikAra haiN| uttarapurANa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, vArANasI se prakAzita ho cukA hai / 3. karmavipAka --yaha kRti saMskRta gadya meM hai / isameM ATha karmoM ke tathA unake 148 bhedoM kA varNana hai / prakRtibandha, pradezabandha, sthitibandha evaM anabhAga bandha kI apekSA se karmoM ke bandha kA varNana hai / varNana sundara evaM bodhagamya hai| yaha grantha 547 zloka saMkhyA pramANa hai| racanA abhI taka aprakAzita hai / 4. tatvArthasAra dIpaka --sakalakIrti ne apanI isa kRti ko adhyAtma mahAgrantha kahA hai| jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA tathA mokSa ina mAta tatvoM kA varNana 12 adhyAyoM meM nimna prakAra vibhakta hai:-- prathama sAta adhyAya taka jIva evaM usakI vibhinna avasthAoM kA varNana hai| zeSa 8 se 12 veM adhyAya meM ajIva, Astrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa kA kramazaH varNana hai / grantha abhI taka aprakAzita hai| 5. dhanyakumAra caritra--- yaha eka choTA sA grantha hai jisama seTha dhanyakumAra ke pAvanajIvana kA yazogAna kiyA gayA hai / pUrI kathA sAtha adhikAroM ma samApta hotI hai / dhanyakumAra kA jIvana aneka kautUhaloM evaM vizeSatAoM se ota-prota hai| eka bAra kathA Arambha karane ke bAda pUrI paDhe binA use choDane ko mana nahIM karatA / bhASA sarala evaM sundara hai / ___6. nemijina caritra--nemijina caritra kA dUsarA nAma harivaMza purANa bhI hai / neminAtha 22veM tIrthaMkara the jinhoMne yuga meM avatAra liyA thaa| ve kRSNa ke cacere bhAI the| ahiMsA meM dRDha vizvAsa hone ke kAraNa toraNa-dvAra para pahuMcakara eka sthAna para ekatrita jIvoM ko vadha ke liye lAyA huA jAnakara vivAha ke sthAna para dIkSA grahaNa kara lI thI tathA rAjula jaisI anupama sundara rAjakumArI ko tyAgane meM jarA bhI vicAra nahIM kiyA thaa| isa prakAra isameM bhagavAn neminAtha evaM zrI kRSNa ke jIvana evaM unake pUrva-bhavoM meM varNana haiN| kRti kI bhASA kAvyamaya evaM pravAhayukta hai / isakI saMvat 1571 meM likhita eka prati Amera zAstra bhaMDAra jayapura meM saMgrahIta hai / 7. mallinAtha caritra-- 20 veM tIrtha kara mallinAtha ke jIvana para yaha eka choTA sA kAvya grantha hai jisameM 7 sarga hai| 8. pAzvanAtha caritra--- isameM 23 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke jIvana kA varNana hai| yaha eka 23 sarga vAlA sundara kAvya hai| maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt kundakunda, akalaMka, samantabhadra, jinasena Adi AcAryoM ko smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / 9. sudarzana caritra--- isa prabandha kAvya ma seTha sudarzana ke jIvana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo ATha paricchedoM meM pUrNa hotA hai| kAvya kI bhASA sundara evaM prabhAvayukta hai| 10. sukumAla caritra-- yaha eka choTA sA prabandha kAvya hai, jisameM muni sukumAla ke jIvana kA pUrva-bhava sahita varNana kiyA gayA hai| pUrva meM huA baira-bhAva kisa prakAra agale jIvana meM bhI calatA rahatA hai isakA varNana isa kAvya meM sundara rIti se huA hai| isameM

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107 sukumAla ke vaibhava pUrNa jIvana evaM muni avasthA kI ghora tapasyA kA ati sundara evaM romAMcakArI varNana milatA hai| pUre kAvya meM 9 sarga haiM / 11. mUlAcAra pradIpa -- yaha AcAra zAstra kA grantha hai jisameM jaina sAdhu ke jIvana meM kauna kauna sI kriyAoM kI sAdhanA Avazyaka hai-ina kriyAoM kA svarUpa evaM unake bheda-prabhedoM para acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai / isameM 12 adhikAra haiM jinameM 28 mUlaguNa, paMcAcAra, dazalakSaNa dharma, bAraha anuprekSA evaM bAraha naya Adi kA vistAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai| 12. siddhAntasAra dIpaka --- yaha karaNAnuyoga kA grantha hai - isameM urdhvaloka, madhyaloka evaM pAtAla loka aura unameM rahane vAle devoM, manuSyoM, tiryacoM tathA nArikayoM kA vistRta varNana hai / isameM jaina siddhAntAnusAra sAre vizva kA bhUgolika evaM khagolika varNana A jAtA hai / isakA racanA kAla saM. 1481 hai| racanA sthAna hai-nagalI nagara / preraka the isake . jinadAsa / jaina siddhAnta kI jAnakArI ke liye yaha bar3A upayogI hai / grantha 16 sargoM meM hai / 13. varddhamAna caritra --- isa kAvya meM antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra varddhamAna ke pAvanajIvana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| prathama 6 sargoM meM mahAvIra ke pUrva bhavoM kA evaM zeSa 13 adhikAroM meM garbha kalyANaka se lekara nirvANa prApti taka vibhinna lokottara ghaTanAoM kA vistRta varNana milatA hai / bhASA sarala kintu kAvyamaya hai / varNana zailI acchI hai / kavi jisa kisI varNana ko jaba prArambha karatA hai to vaha phira usI meM masta ho jAtA hai / 14. yazodhara caritra -- rAjA yazodhara kA jIvana jaina samAja meM bahuta priya rahA hai| isaliye isa para vibhinna bhASAoM meM kitanI hI kRtiyAM milatI haiM / sakalakIti kI yaha kRti saMskRta bhASA kI sundara racanA hai / isameM ATha sarga haiN| ise hama eka prabaMdha kAvya kaha sakate haiM / 15. sadbhASitAvali -- yaha eka choTA sA subhASita grantha hai jisameM dharma, samyaktva, mithyAtva, indriyaviSaya strI sahavAsa, kAmasevana, nirgrantha sevA, tapa, tyAga, rAga, dveSa, lobha Adi viSayoM para acchA prakAza DAlA gayA hai / 16. zrIpAla caritra - yaha sakalakIrti kA eka kAvya grantha hai jisameM 7 pariccheda haiM | koTIbhaTa zrIpAla kA jIvana aneka vizeSatAoM se bharA paDA hai / rAjA se kuSTI honA, samudra meM giranA, sUlI para caDhanA Adi kitanI ho ghaTanAyeM usake jovana meM eka ke bAda dUsarI AtI hai jisase usakA sArA jIvana nATakIya bana jAtA hai / saphalakIrti ne ise baDA sundara rIti se pratipAdita kiyA hai| isa caritra kI racanA karmaphala siddhAMta ko puruSArtha se adhika vizvasanIya siddha karane ke liye kI gaI hai| mAnava ho kyA vizva ke sabhI jIvadhAriyoM kA sArA vyavahAra usake dvArA upArjita pApa-puNya para AdhArita hai| usake sAmane puruSArtha kucha bhI nahIM kara sakatA / kAvya paThanIya hai / 17. zAntinAtha caritra - - zAntinAtha 16 veM tIrthaMkara the / tIrtha kara ke sAtha-sAtha ve kAmadeva evaM cakravartI bhI the / unake jIvana kI vizeSatAyeM batalAne ke liye isa kAvya kI racanA kI gaI hai| kAvya meM 16 adhikAra haiM tathA 3475 zloka saMkhyA pramANa haiM / isa kAvya ko mahAkAvya kI saMjJA mila sakatI hai / bhASA alaMkArika evaM varNana prabhAvamaya hai / prArambha meM kavi ne zraMgAra rasa se ota-prota kAvya kI racanA kyoM nahIM karanI cAhiye isa para acchA prakAza DAlA hai / kAvya sundara evaM paThanIya hai /

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108 18. praznottara zrAvakAcAra- isa kRti meM zrAvakoM ke AcAra-dharma kA varNana hai / zrAvakAcAra 24 paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai, jisameM AcAra zAstra para vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhaTaTAraka sakalakIrti svayaM muni bhI the--isaliye unase zraddhAla bhakta AcAra-dharma ke viSaya meM vibhinna prazna prastuta karate hoge---isaliye una sabake samAdhAna ke liye kavi ne isa grantha kA nirmANa kiyaa| bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se racanA sundara hai / kRti meM racanAkAla evaM racanA sthAna nahIM diyA gayA hai| 19. purANasAra saMgraha--- prastuta purANa saMgraha meM 6 tIrtha kara ke caritroM kA saMgraha hai aura ye tIrtha kara hai-AdinAtha, candraprabha, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra varddhamAna / bhAratIya jJAnapITha kI ora se "purANasAra saMgraha prakAzita ho cukA hai| pratyeka tIrtha kara kA caritra alaga-alaga sargoM meM vibhakta hai jo nimna prakAra hai: AdinAtha caritra candraprabha caritra zAntinAtha caritra neminAtha caritra pArzvanAtha caritra mahAvIra caritra 5 sarga 1 sarga 6 sarga 5 sarga 5 sarga 5 saga 20. vratakathA koSa--- vratakathA koSa kI eka hastalikhita prati jayapura ke di. jaina mandira pATodI ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM saMgrahIta hai| inameM vibhinna bratoM para AdhArita kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| grantha kI pUrI prati upalabdha nahIM hone se abhI taka yaha nizcita nahIM ho sakA ki bhaTTAraka sakalakIti ne kitanI vrata kathAyeM likhI thiiN| 21. paramAtmarAja stotra-- yaha eka lavustotra hai, jisameM 16 padya hai / stotra sundara evaM bhAvapUrNa hai| isakA 1 prati jayapura ke di. jaina mandira pATodI ke zAstra bhaMDAra meM saMgrahIta hai| ukta saMskRta kRtiyoM ke atirikta paJcaparameSThipUjA, aSTAnhikA pUjA, solahakAraNa pUjA, gaNadharavalaya pUjA, dvAdazAnuprekSA evaM sAracaturvizatikA Adi aura kRtiyAM hai jo rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| 15. bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa jJAnabhUSaNa nAma ke bhI cAra bhaTTAraka hue haiN| isameM sarva prathama bhaTTAraka sakalakIti kI paramparA meM bhaTTAraka bhavanakIrti ke ziSya the| dUsare jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTAraka vIracandra ke ziSya the jinakA sambandha sUrata zAkhA ke bhaTTAraka devendrakIti kI paramparA se thaa| ye saMvat 1600 se 1616 taka bhaTaTAraka rhe| tIsare zAnabhUSaNa kA sambandha aTera zAkhA se rahA thA aura inakA samaya 17 vIM zatAbdI kA mAnA jAtA hai aura cauthe jJAnabhUSaNa nAgaura gAdI ke bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke ziSya the| inakA samaya 18 vIM zatAbdo kA antima caraNa thaa| 1. dekhiye bhaTTAraka paTTAvali zAstra bhaNDAra bha. yazaH kIti di. jaina sarasvatI bhavana, RSabhadeva, (rAjasthAna)

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109 prastuta bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa pahile bhaTTAraka vimalendrakIrti ke ziSya the aura bAda meM inhoMne bhadrAraka bhavanakIrti ko bhI apanA guru svIkAra kara liyA thaa| jJAnabhaSaNa evaM jJAnakIti / donoM hI sage bhAI evaM guru bhAI the aura ve pUrvI golAlAre jAti ke zrAvaka the| kina saMvata 1535 meM sAgavADA evaM nogAma meM eka sAtha do pratiSThAeM prArambha hii| sAgavADA hone vAlI pratiSThA ke saMcAlaka bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa aura nogAma kI pratiSThA mahotsava kA saMcAlana jJAnakIti ne kiyaa| yahIM se bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa vRhad zAkhA ke bhaTAraka mAne jAne lage aura bhaTTAraka jJAnakoti laghu zAkhA ke guru kahalAne lge|| eka nandi saMgha kI paTTAvalI se jJAta hotA hai ki ye gujarAta ke rahane vAle the| gujarAta meM hI unhoMne sAgAra-dharma dhAraNa kiyA, ahIra (Abhora) deza meM gyAraha pratimAeM dhAraNa kI aura vAgvara yA bAgaDa deza meM durdhara mahAvrata grahaNa kiy| talava deza ke yatiyoM meM inakI baDI pratiSThA yI / tailava daza ke uttama puruSoM ne unake caraNAM kI vandanA kI, draviDa deza ke vidvAnoM ne unakA stavana kiyA, mahArASTra meM unheM bahuta yaza milA, saurASTra ke dhanI zrAvakoM ne unake lie mahAmahotsava kiyaa| rAyadeza (IDara ke Asa-pAsa kA prAnta) ke nivAsiyoM ne unake vacanoM ko atizaya pramANa mAnA, merUbhATa (mevADa) ke murkha logoM ko unhoMne pratibodhita kiyA, mAlavA ke bhavyajanoM ke hRdaya-kamala ko vikasita kiyA, mevAta meM unake adhyAtma-rahasyapUrNa vyAkhyAna se vividha vidvAna zrAvaka prasanna hue| kurujAMgala ke logoM kA azAna roga dUra kiyA, vairATha (jayapura ke Asa-pAsa) ke logoM ko ubhaya mArga (sAgAra, anagAra) dikhalAye, namiyADa (nImADa) meM jaina dharma kI prabhAvanA kii| bhairava rAjA ne unakI bhakti kI indrarAja ne caraNa pUje, rAjAdhirAja devarAja ne caraNoM kI ArAdhanA kii| jina dharma ke ArAdhaka mudaliyAra, rAmanAtharAya, bommarasarAya, kalaparAya, pAMDarAya Adi rAjAAne pUjA kI aura unhoMne aneka tIrthoM kI yAtrA kii| vyAkaraNa-chanda-alaMkAra-sAhitya-taka-Agama-AdhyAtma Adi zAstra rUpI kamaloM para vihAra karane ke lie ve rAjahaMsa the aura zuddha dhyAnAmRta-pAna kI unheM lAlasA thii| ye ukta vivaraNa kucha atizayoktipUrNa bhI ho sakatA hai lekina itanA avazya hai ki jJAnabhUSaNa apane samaya ke prasiddha santa the aura unhoMne apane tyAga evaM vidvattA se sabhI ko mugdha kara rakhA thaa| jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIti ke pazcAta sAgavADA meM bhaTTAraka gAdo para baitthe| aba taka sabase prAcIna ullekha saMvat 1531 baizAkha sudo 2 kA milatA hai jaba ki inhoMne DUgarapura meM Ayojita pratiSThA mahotsava kA saMcAlana kiyA thaa| usa samaya DUgarapura para rAvala somadAsa evaM rAnI garAI kA zAsana thaa| jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka gAdI para saMvat 1531 se 1557-58 taka rahe / saMvata 1560 meM unhoMne tatvajJAna tarIgaNo kI racanA samApta ko tho isako puSpikA meM inhoMna apana nAma ke pUrva mumakSa zabda joDA hai jo anya racanAoM meM nahIM miltaa| isase jJAta hotA hai ki isA vaSa athavA isase pUrva hI inhAna bhaTTAraka pada choDa diyA thaa| sAhitya sAdhanA ___jJAnabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka banane se pUrva aura isa pada ko chor3ane ke pazcAt bhI sAhitya-sAdhanA meM lage rhe| va jabaradasta sAhitya sevo the| prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI, gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI 1. dekhiye bhaTTAraka paTTAvali zAstrabhaNDAra bha. yazaH kIti di. jaina sarasvatI bhavana RSabhadeva, (rAjasthAna) 2. dekhiye paM. nAthUrAmajI premI kRta jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR. 381-82 3. saMvat 153 1 varSa vaisAkha dhudI 5 budhe zrI mUlasaMdhe bha.zrI sakalakotistatpaTTe bha. bhuvanakoti devAstatpaTTe bha. zrI jJAnabhUSaNastadupadezAt meghA bhAyo TIga praNamati zrI giripura rAvala zrI somadAsa rAjI gurAI surAjye /

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bhASA para inakA pUrNa adhikAra thA / inhoMne saMskRta evaM hindI meM maulika kRtiyAM nibaddha kIM aura kRta granthoM kI saMskRta TIkAeM likhIM / yadyapi saMkhyA kI dRSTi se inakI kRtiyAM adhika nahIM haiM phira bhI jo kucha haiM ve hI inakI vidvattA evaM pAMDitya ko pradarzita karane ke liye paryApta haiM / zrI nAthUrAma jI premI ne inake "tatvajJAnataraMgiNI, siddhAntasAra bhASya, paramArthopadeza, dIzvara phAga, bhaktAmarodyApana, sarasvatI pUjA" granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / 2 paMDita paramAnanda tIna ukta racanAoM ke atirikta sarasvatI stavana, Atma sambodhana Adi kA aura ullekha kiyA hai| idhara rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha bhaMDAroM kI jaba se lekhaka ne khoja evaM chAnabIna kI hai ba se ukta racanAoM ke atirikta inake aura bhI granthoM kA patA lagA hai / aba taka inakI jitanI canAoM kA patA laga pAyA hai unake nAma nimna prakAra haiM: saMskRta grantha 4. 46282 5. 6. 7. 1. AtmasaMbodhana kAvya 2. RSimaMDala pUjA 4 3. tatvajJAna taraMgiNI pUjASTaka TIkA 4. 8. 9. 5. isameM zuddha tatvajJAnataraMgiNIH --- ise jJAnabhUSaNa kI utkRSTa racanA kahI jA sakatI hai / Atma tatva kI prApti ke upAya batalAye gaye haiM / racanA adhika bar3I nahIM hai kintu kavi ne use 18 adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai isakI racanA saM. 1560 meM huI thI jaba ve bhaTTAraka pada choDa ke the aura Atmatatva kI prApti ke liye mumukSa bana cuke the / racanA kAvyatvapUrNa evaM vidvattA liye hue hai / 16. bhaTTAraka zubhacandra I zubhacandra bhaTTAraka vijayakIti ke ziSya the / ve apane samaya ke prasiddha bhaTTAraka, sAhitya premI, dharma pracAraka evaM zAstroM ke prabala vidvAn the / 10. 11. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 2. dekhiye paM. nAthUrAmajI premI kRta jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR. 382 3. dekhiye paM. paramAnanda jI kA " jaina grantha prazasti-saMgraha " rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaMDAroM kI grantha sUcI bhAga caturtha pU. saM. 463 paMcakalyANakodyApana pUjA bhaktAmara pUjA zruta pUjA?" sarasvatI pUjA sarasvatI stuti zAstra maMDala pUjA 10 dazalakSaNa vratodyApana pUjA 11 33 " 110 " 17 33 rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaMDAroM kI grantha sUcI bhAga caturtha 1. 11 11 "" 650 523 537 515 saM. 657 830 830

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111 inakA janma saMvata 1530-40 ke madhya kabhI haA hogA / ye jaba bAlaka the tabhI se inakA ina bhaTTArakoM se samparka sthApita ho gyaa| prArambha meM inhoMne apanA samaya saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASA ke granthoM ke paDhane meM lgaayaa| vyAkaraNa evaM chanda zAstra meM nipuNatA prApta kI aura phira bhaTaTrAraka jJAnabhaSaNa evaM bhaTaTAraka vijayakIrti ke sAnnidhya meM rahane lge| zrI vI.pI. joharApUrakara ke matAnusAra ye saMvat 1573 meM bhaTTAraka bne|4 aura ve isI pada para saMvat 1613 taka rahe / isa taraha zubhacandra ne apane jIvana kA adhika bhAga bhaTTAraka pada para rahate hue hI vyatIta kiyaa| balAtkAragaNa kI IDara zAkhA kI gaddI para itane samaya taka sambhavataH ye hI bhaTTAraka rahe / inhoMne apanI pratiSThA evaM pada kA khUba acchI taraha sadupayoga kiyA aura ina 40 varSoM meM rAjasthAna, paMjAba, gujarAta evaM uttara pradeza meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana kA jabaradasta prabhAva sthApita kiyaa| vidvattA zubhacandra zAstroM ke pUrNa marmajJa the| ye SaT bhASA-kavi cakravartI kahalAte the| chaha bhASAoM meM sambhavataH saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraza, hindI, gajarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI bhASAyeM thiiN| ye vividha vidyAdhara (zabdAgama, yaktyAgama evaM paramAgama) ke jJAtA the| paTTAvali ke anusAra ye pramANaparIkSA, patra parIkSA, pUSpa parIkSA (?) parIkSA-mukha, pramANa-nirNaya, nyAyamakaranda nyAyakumudacandra, nyAya vinizcaya, zlokavArtika, rAjavArtika, prameyakagala mArtaNDa, AptamImAMsA aSTasahasrI, ciMtAmaNimImAMsA, vivaraNa vAcaspati, tatva kaumadI Adi nyAya granthoM ke jainendra zAkaTAyana, endra, pANinI, kalApa Adi vyAkaraNa granthoM ke, trailokyasAra gommaTasAra, labdhisAra, kSapaNAsAra, trilokaprajJapti, suvijJapti, adhyAtmASTa-sahasrI (? aura chandolaMkAra Adi mahAgranthoM ke pAragAmI vidvAna the|5 sAhityika sevA zubhacandra jJAna ke sAgara evaM aneka vidyAoM meM pAraMgata vidvAna the| ve vaktatva-kalA meM paTa tathA AkarSaka vyaktitva vAle santa the| inhoMne jo sAhitya sevA apane jIvana meM kI thI vaha itihAsa meM svarNAkSaroM meM likhane yogya hai / apane saMgha kI vyavasthA tathA dharmopadeza evaM AtmasAdhanA ke atirikta jo bhI samaya inheM milA usakA sAhitya-nirmANa meM hI sadupayoga kiyA gyaa| ve svayaM granthoM kA nirmANa karate, zAstra bhaNDAroM kI samhAla karata, apane ziSyoM se pratilipiyAM karavAte, tathA jagaha-jagaha zAstrAgAra kholane kI vyavasthA karAte the| vAstava meM aise hI santoM ke sadprayAsa se bhAratIya sAhitya sUrakSita raha sakA hai| pANDavapurANa inakI saMvat 1608 kI kRti hai| usa samaya sAhityika-jagata meM inakI khyAti caramotkarSa para thii| samAja meM inakI kRtiyAM priya bana cukI thIM aura unakA atyadhika pracAra ho cukA thaa| saMvat 1608 taka jina kRtiyoM ko inhoMne samApta kara liyA thA unameM (1) candraprabha caritra (2) zreNika caritra (3) jIvaMdhara caritra (4) candanA kathA (5) aSTAnhikA kathA (6) sadvRttizAlinI (7) tIna caubIsI pUjA (8) siddhacakra pUjA (9) sarasvatI pUjA (10) citAmaNi pUjA (11) karmadahana pUjA (12) pArzvanAtha kAvya paMjikA (13) palyavratodyApana (14) cAritra zuddhividhAna (15) saMzayavadana vidAraNa (16) apazabda khaNDana (17) tatva nirNaya (18) svarUpa saMbodhana vRtti (19) adhyAtma taraMgiNI (20) citAmaNi prAkRta vyAkaraNa (21) aMgaprajJapti Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya hai| ukta sAhitya bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ke kaThora parizrama evaM tyAga kA phala hai / isake pazcAt 4. dekhiye bhaTTAraka sampradAya pRSTha saMkhyA 158 5. dekhiye nAthUrAmajI premI kRta-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa pR.saM. 383

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112 nhoMne aura bhI kRtiyAM likhiiN| saMskRta racanAoM ke atirikta inakI kucha racanAyeM hindI meM bho upalabdha hotI hai| lekina kavi ne pANDava purANa meM unakA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / rAjasthAna ke prAyaH sabhI grantha bhaNDAroM meM inakI aba taka jo kRtiyAM upalabtha haI haiM ve nimna prakAra hai:-- saMskRta racanAeM 1. RSi maMDala pUjA ananta vrata pUjA ambikA kalpa 4. aSTAnhikA vrata kathA 5. aSTAnhikA pUjA 6. aDhAI dvIpa pUjA 7. karakaNDa caritra karmadahana pUjA 9. kArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA gaNadharavalaya pUjA 11. garAvalI pUjA 12. caturvizati pUjA 13. candanA caritra 14. candanaSaSTivrata pUjA 15. candraprabha caritra caritra zaddhi vidhAna citAmaNi pArzvanAtha pUjA 8. jIvaMdhara caritra 19. teraha dIpa pUjA 20. tIna cauvIsI pUjA 21. tIsa cauvIsI pUjA 22. triloka pUjA 23. vapana kriyAgati 24. nandIzvara paMkti pUjA 25. paMca kalyANaka pUjA 26. paMca gaNamAla pUjA 27. paMcaparameSTI pUjA 28. palyatratodyApana pANDavapurANa 30. pArzvanAtha kAvya paMjikA 31. prAkRta lakSaNa TIkA 32. puSpAMjalivrata pUjA 33. pradyamna caritra 34. bArahasau cautIsa vrata pUjA 35. laghu siddha cakrapUjA 36. bRhad siddha pUjA 37. zreNika caritra 38. samayasAra TIkA 39. sahasraguNita pUjA 40. subhASitArNava 17. bhaTTAraka zrobhUSaNa ye bhaTTAraka bhAnukorti ke ziSya the tathA nAgaura gAdI ke saMvat 1705 meM bhaTTAraka bane the| 7 varSa taka bhaTTAraka rahane ke pazcAt inhoMne apane ziSya dharmacandra ko bhaTaTAraka gAdI dekara eka uttama udAharaNa upasthita kiyA thaa| ye khaNDelavAla evaM pATanI gautra ke the| sAhitya racanA meM inheM vizeSa ruci thii| inakI kucha racanAyeM nimna prakAra haiM:-- anantacaturdazI pUjA saMskRta anantanAtha pUjA bhaktAmara pUjA vidhAna zrutaskaMdha pUjA saptarSi pUjA Co w WNNNNN 18. bhaTTAraka dharmacandra bhaTTAraka dharmacandra kA paTTAbhiSeka mAroTha meM saMvat 1712 meM huA thaa| ye nAgaura gAdI ke bhaTAraka the| eka paTTAvalI ke anusAra ye 9 varSa gahastha rahe, 20 varSa taka sAdhu avasthA meM rahe tathA 15 vaSa taka bhaTTAraka pada para AsIna rhe| saMskRta evaM hindI donoM ke ho the| prazasti ke liye dekhiye lekhaka dvArA sampAdita 'prazasti saMgraha pra.saM. 71

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113 acche vidvAn the aura inhoMne saMvat 1726 meM 'gautamasvAmIcarita' kI racanA kI thii| saMskRta kA yaha eka acchA kAvya hai| mAroTha (rAjasthAna) meM isakI racanA kI gaI thii| usa samaya mAro para raghunAtha kA rAjya thaa| ukta racanA ke atirikta neminAtha vInatI, sambodha paMcAsikA evaM sahastranAma pUjA kRtiyAM aura milatI haiN| 19. paM. khetA samyaktva kaumudI ke racayitA paNDita khetA rAjasthAnI vidvAn the| yaha eka kathAkati hai jisakA rAjasthAna meM vizeSa pracAra radrA aura yahAM ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM isakI rahA aura yahAM ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM isakI anakoM pratiyAM upalabdha hotI haiN| samyaktva kaumadI kI eka pANDalipi saMvata 1582 meM pratilipi karavA kara caMpAvatI nagarI meM ba. bacarAja ko pradAna kI gayI thii|ye vaidya-vidyA meM pAraMgata the aura apanI vidyA ke kAraNa raNathambhaura durga ke bAdazAha zerazAha dvArA sammAnita huye the| 20. paNDita medhAvI paDita medhAvI saMskRta ke dhurandhara vidvAn the| ye bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke priya ziSya the| inake pitA kA nAma uddharaNa sAhu tathA mAtA kA nAma bhISahI thaa| jAti se agravAla jaina the| eka prazasti meM unhoMne apane Apako paNDita-kuMjara likhA hai| agrotavaMzaja : sAdhurlavadevAbhidhAnakaH / tasvaguddharaNaH saMjJA tatpatnI bhISuhIpsubhiH // 32 // tayo putrosti meghAvI nAmA paMDitakuMjaraH / AptAgamavicArajJo jinapadAmbuja SaTpadaH // 33 // inhoMne isI taraha anya prazastiyoM meM bhI apanA paricaya diyA hai / inhoMne saMvat 1541 meM dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra kI racanA nAgaura meM sampanna kI thI / vaise inhoMne ise hisAra meM prArambha kiyA thaa| unhoMne yaha bhI saMketa diyA hai ki prastuta dharmasaMgraha zrAvakAcAra, samantabhadra vasunandi evaM AzAdhara ke vicAroM ke AdhAra para hI apane AcAra zAstra kI racanA kI hai| isa grantha kI vistRta prazasti dI huI hai| 21. paNDita jinadAsa paNDita jinadAsa raNathambhaura darga ke samIpa sthita navalakSapara ke rahane vAle the| isake pitA kA nAma khetA thA jinakA Upara paricaya diyA jA cukA hai| paNDita jinadAsa bhI Ayurveda vizArada the| inhoMne holI reNukA caritra' kI racanA saMvat 1608 meM (san 1551 I.) me samApta kI thii| racanA abhI taka aprakAzita hai| 22. paNDita rAjamalla paM. rAjamalla saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAna the| ve jayapura se dakSiNa kI aura 40 mIla dUrI para sthita bairATha nagara ke rahane vAle the| vyAkaraNa, siddhAnta, chaMdazAstra aura syAdvAda vidyA : pAraMgata the| adhyAtma kA pracAra karane ke liye ve mAravADa, mevADa evaM DhUMDhADa ke nagaroM meM mramA krte| inhoMne AcArya amatacandra kRta samayasAra TIkA para rAjasthAnI meM TIkA likhI thI aba taka inake nimna grantha upalabdha ho cuke haiM:-jambU svAmIcaritra, adhyAtmakamalamAlapara lATI saMhitA, chando vidyA evaM pNcaadhyaayii| jambUsvAmI caritra kI racanA saMvat 1632

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114 sampanna huI thii| isameM antima kevalI jambUsvAmI kA jIvana caritra nibaddha hai| 'adhyAtmakamalartaNDa' 250 zloka pramANa racanA hai| isameM sAta tatva evaM nau padArthoM kA varNana hai| lATI saMhitA cAra zAstra hai isameM sAta sarga haiM aura 1600 ke lagabhaga padyoM kI saMkhyA hai| isakI racanA 'rATa nagara ke jina mandira meM sampanna haI thii| paMcAdhyAyI meM pAMca adhyAya hone cAhiye lekina ca meM kavi kA nidhana hone ke kAraNa yaha racanA pUrNa nahIM kI jA skii| inakA samaya [7vIM zatAbdI kA hai| 23. bra. kAmarAja bra. kAmarAja bha. sakalabhUSaNa ke praziSya evaM bha. narendrakIrti ke ziSya bra. prahalAda NI ke ziSya the| inhoMne saMvata 1691 meM 'jayapurANa' ko mevADa meM samApta kiyA thaa| jisakA llekha nimna prakAra hai: rASTrasyaitatpurANaM zakamanujapatarmedapATasya puryA pazcAtsaMvatsarasya praracitapaTataH paMca paMcAzato hi| abhrAbhrAkSakasaMvaccharaniviyujaH (1555) phAlgune mAsi pUNemukhyAyAmaudayAyo sukavinayino lAlajiSNozca vAkyAt // 24. paNDita jagannAtha pomarAja zreSThi ke putra paNDita jagannAtha takSakagaDha (vartamAna nAma ToDArAyasiMha) ke pahana vAle the| ye bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti ke ziSya the| inake bhAI vAdirAja bhI saMskRta ke baDe pArI vidvAna the| paM. jagannAtha kI aba taka 6 racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM jinameM caturvizati saMdhAna svopajJa TIkA, sukhanidhAna, suSeNa carita, naminarendra stotra, karmasvarUpa varNana ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| sabhI racanAyeM saMskRta bhASA kI acchI racanAyeM haiN| 25. vAdirAja ye khaNDelavAla vaMzIya zreSThi pomarAja ke dUsare putra the| ye saMskRta ke acche vidvAna the tathA rAjanIti meM bhI paTa the| vAdirAja ne apane Apako dhanaMjaya, AzAdhara aura bANabhaTaTa kA pada garaNa karane vAlA dUsarA bANabhaTTa likhA hai| vahAM ke rAjA rAjasiMha ko dUsarA jayasiMha tathA kSikanagara ko dUsare aNahilapura kI upamA dI hai| dhanaajayAzAdharavAgbhaTAnAM dhatte pada samprati vAdirAjaH / khAMDillavaMzodbhava-pomasUnu, jinoktipIyUSasutRptagAtraH / / vAdirAja takSakanagara ke rAjA rAjasiMha ke mahAmAtya the| rAjasiMha bhImasiMha ke putra the| vAdirAja ke cAra putra the-rAmacandra, lAlajI, nemidAsa aura vimldaas| vAdirAja kI tIna kRtiyAM milatI hai eka hai vAgbhaTAlaMkAra kI TIkA kavicandrikA' dUsarI racanA jJAnalocana stotra tathA tIsarI sulocanA caritra hai| kavicandrikA ko inhoMna savaMta 1729 ko dIpamAlikA ke dina samApta kI thii| kavi 18vIM zatAbdi ke prathama caraNa ke vidvAn the|

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26. bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti bhaTTAraka jagatkIti ke ziSya the / saMvat 1770 kI mAha budI 11 ko Amera meM inakA paTTAbhiSeka huA thA / usa samaya Amera apane pUrNa vaibhava para thA aura mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha usake zAsaka the / ye karIba 22 varSa taka bhaTTAraka pada para rhe| inhoMne samayasAra para eka saMskRta TIkA IsaradA (rAja.) meM saMvat 1788 meM samApta kI thii| devendrakIti ne rAjasthAna evaM vizeSataH DhUMDhADa pradeza meM vihAra karake sAhitya kA acchA pracAra kiyA thA / 27. maTTAraka surendrakIti ma. bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti kA jayapura meM bhaTTAraka gAdI para paTTAbhiSeka huA thA / paTTAvalI meM paTTAbhiSeka kA samaya saM. 1822 tathA buddhivilAsa meM saMvat 1823 diyA huA hai| surendra-kIrti saMskRta ke acche vidvAn the| aba taka inako nimna racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM :-- 1. 2. aSTAnhikA kathA paMca kalyANaka vidhAna paMcamAsa caturdazI vratodyApana 3. 4. purandara - vratodyApana 5. labdhi vidhAna 6. 7. 115 sammedazikhara pUjA pratApakAvya 28. AcArya jJAnasAgara vartamAna zatAbdi meM saMskRta bhASA meM mahAkAvyoM ke racanA kI paramparA ko jIvita rakhane vAle vidvAnoM meM jainAcArya jJAnasAgarajI mahArAja kA nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya hai / veM 50 varSoM se bhI adhika samaya taka saMskRta vAGmaya kI anavarata sevA karane meM lage rhe| AcArya zrI kA janma rAjasthAna ke sIkara jilAntargata rANolI grAma meM saMvat 1948 meM eka sampanna parivAra meM huA thA / unake pitA kA nAma caturbhuja evaM mAtA kA nAma ghevarI devI thA / usa samaya unakA nAma bhUrAmala rakhA gyaa| gAMva kI prArambhika zikSA prApta karane ke pazcAt unako saMskRta bhASA ke ucca adhyayana kI icchA jAgrata huI aura mAtA-pitA kI anumati lekara ye vArANasI cale gaye jahAM unhoMne saMskRta evaM jaina siddhAnta kA gaharA adhyayana karake zAstrI kI parIkSA pAsa kii| rAjasthAna ke prasiddha dArzanika vidvAn pa. cainasukhadAsajI nyAyatIrtha Apake sahapAThiyoM meM se the / kAzI ke snAtaka banane ke pazcAta ye vApisa grAma A gaye aura granthoM ke adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha svatantra vyavasAya bhI karane laga / lekina kAvya- nirmANa meM vizeSa ruci lene ke kAraNa unakA vyavasAya meM mana nahIM lagA / vivAha kI carcA Ane para unhoMne Ajanma avivAhita rahane kI apanI hArdika icchA vyakta kI aura apane Apako mAM bhAratI kI sevA meM samarpita kara diyA / mahAkavi ke rUpa meM AcArya zrI ne tIna mahAkAvya vIrodaya, jayodaya evaM dayodaya campU caritra kAvya- samudradatta caritra, sudarzanodaya, bhadrodaya Adi evaM hindI kAvya RSabhacarita, bhAgyodaya, vivekodaya Avi

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116 karIba 20 kAvya likhakara mAM bhAratI kI apUrva sevA kI hai| 'vIrodaya' bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana para AdhArita mahAkAvya hai jo hameM mahAkavi kAlidAsa, mAravi, zrIharSa evaM mASa Adi ke mahAkAvyoM kI yAda dilAtA hai| isa kAvya meM ina kaviyoM ke mahAkAvyoM kI zailI ko pUrNa rUpa se apanAyA gayA hai / tathA "mAghe santi trayo gaNAH" bAlI kahAvata meM vIrodaya kAvya meM pUrNataH caritArtha hotI hai| jayodaya kAvya meM jayakumAra sulocanA kI kathA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kAnya kA pramukha uddezya aparigraha vrata kA mahAtmya dikhalAnA hai| isa kAvya meM 28 sarga haiM jo AcArya zrI ke mahAkAvyoM meM sabase bar3A kAvya hai| isakI saMskRta TIkA bhI svayaM AcArya zrI ne kI hai jisameM kAvya kA vAstavika artha samajhane meM pAThakoM ko suvidhA dI gaI hai| yaha mahAkAvya saMskRta TIkA evaM hindI artha sahita zIghra hI prakAzita hone vAlA hai| dayodaya campU meM mRgasena dhIvara kI kathA varNita hai| mahAkAvyoM meM sAmAnya varga ke vyakti ko nAyaka ke rUpa meM prastuta karanA jaina kaviyoM kI paramparA rahI hai aura isa AdhAra para isa kAvya meM eka sAmAnya jAti ke vyakti ke vyaktitva ko ubhArA gayA hai / dhIvara jAti hiMsaka hotI hai kintu magasena dvArA ahiMsA vrata lene ke kAraNa isake jIvana meM kitanA nikhAra AtA hai aura ahiMsA vrata kA kitanA mahatva hai isa tathya ko prastuta karane ke liye AcArya zrI ne dayodaya campU kAvya kI racanA kI hai| isameM sAta lamba (adhikAra) haiM aura saMskRta gadya padya meM nirmita yaha kAvya saMskRta bhASA kA anUThA kAvya hai| AcArya zrI ne saMskRta meM kAvya racanA ke sAtha-sAtha hindI meM bhI kitane hI kAvya likhe haiN| kucha prAcIna granthoM kA hindI meM anuvAda kiyA tathA kartavya-patha-pradarzana jaisI kRtiyoM dvArA jana sAdhAraNa ko choTI-choTI kathAoM ke rUpa meM dainika kartavyoM para prakAza DAlA hai| RSabhadeva carita hindI kA eka prabandha kAvya hai jisake 17 adhyAyoM meM Adi tIrthakara RSabhadeva kA jIvana carita nibaddha hai| isa kAvya meM AcArya zrI ne mAnava ko sAmAnya dharAtala se uThAkara jIvana ko sUkhI evaM samannata banAne kI preraNA dI hai| ukta vidvAnoM ke atirikta paM.cainasakhadAsa nyAyatIrtha, paM. indralAla zAstrI, paM. malacanda zAstrI, paM. zrI prakAza zAstrI ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| pa. cainasukhadAsa jI kA jainadarzanasAra, bhAvanA-viveka, pAvanapravAha, nikSepacakra saMskRta kI utkRSTa racanAyeM haiM / jaina darzanasAra meM jaina darzana ke sAra ko jisa uttama rIti se pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai vaha prazaMsanIya hai| paM. malacanda zAstrI kA abhI vacanadUtam khaNDa kAvya prakAzita huA hai| isa kAvya meM meghadUta kI catarthapaMkti ko lekara rAjala ke manobhAvoM ko nemi ke pAsa preSita kiyA gayA hai|

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jaina-saMskRta mahAkAvya : 5 -DA. satyavrata bhAratIya saMskRti ke vibhinna aMgoM kI bhAMti sAhitya ke unnayana tathA vikAsa meM sI rAjasthAna ne mulyavAn yoga diyA hai 1 / jaina-bahula pradeza hone ke nAte saMskRta-mahAkAvya kI samRddhi meM jaina kaviyoM ne zlAdhya prayatna kiyA hai| yaha sukhada Azcarya hai ki jaina sAdhuoM dIkSita jIvana tathA nizcita daSTikoNa kI paridhi meM baddha hote hae bhI, sAhitya ke yApaka kSetra meM jhAMkane kA sAhasa kiyA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa ve na kevala sAhitya kI vibhinna vedhAoM kI apitu vibhinna vidhAoM kI nAnA zailiyoM kI racanAoM se bhAratI ke koSa ko samaddha banAne meM saphala hae haiN| rAjasthAna ke jaina kaviyoM ne zAstrIya, aitihAsika, paurANika, varitAtmaka tathA citra-kAvya zalI ke saMskRta-mahAkAvyoM kI racanA karake saMskRta kAvyaparamparA para amiTa chApa aMkita kara dI hai| zAstrIya-mahAkAvyaH--vAgbhaTa kA neminirvANa (bArahavIM zatAbdI) rAjasthAna meM racita zAstrIya zailI kA kadAcit prAcInatama jaina saMskRta-mahAkAvya hai| kAvya meM yadyapi isake racanAkAla athavA racanA-sthala kA koI ullekha nahIM hai, kintu jaina siddhAnta bhavana, pArA tathA paM. daurbali jinadAsa zAstrI kI hastaprati ke atirikta prazasti-zloka ke anasAra minirvANa kA nirmAtA ahichatrapUra kA vAsI thA, jo ma. ma. ojhA jI ke vicAra meM nAgaura kA prAcIna nAma hai / __nemi prabhu ke carita ke AdhAra para jaina saMskRta-sAhitya meM do mahAkAvyoM kI racanA huI hai| vAgbhaTa ke prastuta kAvya ke atirikta kIrtirAja AdhyAya kA neminAtha mahAkAvya isa viSaya kI anya mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / neminirvANa kI bhAMti neminAtha mahAkAvya (pandrahavIM zatAbdI) meM bhI prazasti kA abhAva hai, kintu kavi kI garu paramparA, vihAra kSetra Adi ke AdhAra para ise rAjasthAna racita mAnanA sarvathA nyAyocita hai| kIrtirAja ko upAdhyAya tathA prAcArya pada para kramazaH mahevA tathA jaisalamare meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA thaa| kavi ke jIvana-kAla sambat 1505, meM likhita kAvya kI prati kI bIkAnera meM prApti bhI kItirAja ke rAjasthAnI hone kI ora saMketa karatI hai| donoM kAvyoM meM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke jIvana-vRtta kI pramukha ghaTanAeM samAna haiM, kintu unake prastutIkaraNa meM bahuta antara hai / vAgbhaTa ne kathAnaka ke svarUpa maura pallavana meM bahudhA jinasena prathama ke harivaMza purANa kA manugamana kiyA hai| donoM meM svapnoM kI saMkhyA tathA krama samAna hai| devatAoM kA Agamana, janmAbhiSeka, nemi prabhu kI pUrva-bhavAvalI, tapazcaryA, -- - 1. bhAratIya saMskRti evaM sAhitya meM rAjasthAna ke yogadAna ke lie dekhiye / K. C. Jain : Jainism in Rajasthan, Sholapur, 1963. 2. nemicandra zAstrI: saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jana kaviyoM kA yogadAnA pRSTha 282.

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118 kevala jJAna prApti, dharmopadeza tathA nirvANa-prApti Adi ghaTanAeM bhI jinasena ke vivaraNa para AdhArita haiM / neminAtha mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu adhika vistRta nahIM hai kintu kavi kI alaMkArI-vRtti ne use sajA-saMvAra kara bAraha soM kA vistAra diyA hai| neminirvANa meM mUla kathA se sambandhita ghaTanAeM aura bhI kama haiN| saba milAkara bhI usakA kathAnaka neminAtha kAvya kI apekSA choTA mAnA jaaegaa| para vAgbhaTa ne usameM eka aura vastuvyApAra ke paramparAgata varNanoM ko TUsakara aura dUsarI ora purANa-varNita prasaMgoM ko mAvazyakatA se adhika mahatva dekara use pandraha sargoM ko vizAla kAyA pradAna kI hai| aisA karane se ve apane srota tathA mahAkAvya ke bAhya tatvoM ke prati bhale hI niSThAvAna rahe hoM parantu ve svAbhAvikatA tathA saMtulana se dUra bhaTaka gaye haiN| vItarAga tIrthaMkara ke jIvana se sambandhita racanA meM, pUre chaha sargoM meM, kusumAvacaya, jala-krIDA, candrodaya, madhupAna, sambhoga Adi ke bhagArI varNanoM kI kyA sArthakatA hai? spaSTataH vAgbhaTa kAvya-rUDhiyoM ke jAla se mukta hone meM asamartha haiN| isI paravazatA ke kAraNa use zAnta-paryavasAyI kAvya meM pAnagoSThI aura rati-krIDA kA raMgIlA citraNa karane meM bhI koI vaicitraya dikhAI nahIM detaa| kAvya-rUDhiyoM kA samAveza kIrtirAja ne bhI kiyA hai, kintu usane viveka tathA saMyama se kAma liyA hai| usane jala-krIDA,sUryAsta, madhapAna Adi mala kathA se asaMbaddha tathA anAvazyaka prasaMgoM kI to pUrNa upekSA kI hai, nAyaka ke pUrva janma ke varNana ko bhI kAvya meM sthAna nahIM diyA hai / unake tapa, samavasaraNa tathA dezanA kA bhI bahuta saMkSipta ullekha kiyA hai jisase kAvya naiminirvANa jaise vistRta varNanoM se mukta rahatA hai / anyatra bhI kotirAja ke varNana santulana kI paridhi kA ullaMghana nahIM krte| jahA~ vAgbhaTa ne tRtIya sarga meM prAtaHkAla kA varNana karake anta meM jayanta deva ke zivA ke garbha meM praviSTa hone kA kevala eka padya meM ullekha kiyA hai vahAM kIrtirAja ne neminirvANa ke apsarAoM ke Agamana ke prasaMga ko choDakara usake dvitIya tathA tatIya sargoM meM varNita svapnadarzana tathA prabhAta varNana kA kevala eka sarga meM samAhAra kiyA hai / isI prakAra vAgbhaTa ne vasanta varNana para pUrA eka sarga vyaya kiyA hai jabaki kIrtirAja ne akele pAThaveM sarga kA upayoga chahoM RtuoM kA rocaka citraNa karane meM kiyA hai| neminirvANa tathA neminAtha mahAkAvya donoM hI saMskRta mahAkAvya ke hrAsakAla kI racanAeM haiM / isa yuga ke anya adhikAMza mahAkAvyoM kI taraha inameM bhI ve pravRttiyAM dRSTigata hotI haiM jinakA pravartana bhAravi ne kiyA thA aura jinako vikasita kara mAtha ne sAhitya para pramatva sthApita kiyA thaa| vAgbhaTa para yaha prabhAva bharapara par3A hai jabaki kItirAja apane liye eka samanvita mArga nikAlane meM saphala hae haiN| mAva kA prabhAva vAgbhaTa kI varNana-zailI para bhI lakSita hotA hai, unake varNana mAdha kI taraha hI kRtrima tathA dUrArUDha kalpanA se AkrAnta haiN| vAgbhaTa kI pravRtti alaMkaraNa kI pIra hai| kItirAja ke kAvya meM sahajatA hai, jo kAvya kI vibhati hai aura kIrtirAja kI zreSThatA kI dyotaka bhii| kavitva-zakti kI dRSTi se donoM meM adhika antara nahIM hai 1 / rAjasthAna ke zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM meM jinaprabhasUrikRta zreNika carita ko pratiSThita pada prApta hai / vRdhdAcArya prabandhAvalI ke jinaprabhasari-prabandha ke anusAra jinaprabha mohilavADI lADana ke zrImAla tAmbI gotrIya zrAvaka mahAdhara ke pAtmaja the| samvat 1356 meM racita zreNika carita aparanAma 'durgavattiyAzraya mahAkAvya' jinaprabhasUri kI kAvyakIrti kA prAdhAra-stambha hai| aThAraha sargoM ke isa mahAkAvya meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakA 1. neminirvANa tathA neminAtha mahAkAvya ke vistRta tulanAtmaka vivecana ke liye dekhiye lekhaka dvArA sampAdita neminAtha mahAkAvya ke mudraNAdhIna saMskaraNa kI bhUmikA / 2. maNidhArI jinacandrasUri aSTama zatAbdI smRtigrantha, pR. 33 / .

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119 lIna rAjA zreNika kA jIvanacarita varNita hai| isake prathama sAta sagaM pustakAkAra prakAzita ho cuke haiM, zeSa gyAraha sarga abhI amudrita hai| zreNikacarita kI eka hastalikhita prati jaina zAlAno bhaNDAra, khambhAta meM vidyamAna hai / zraNikacarita meM zAstrIya aura paurANika zailiyoM ke tatvoM kA aisA mizraNa hai ki ise geTe ke zabdoM meM dharA tathA prAkAza kA milana kahA jA sakatA hai / zreNikacarita kA kathAnaka spaSTatayA do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama gyAraha sarga, jinameM zreNika kI ghAmikatA aura jinezvara kI dezanAoM kA varNana hai,prathama khaNDa ke antargata Ate haiN| hAra ke khone aura usakI khoja kI kathA vAle zeSa sAta sargoM kA samAveza dvitIya bhAga meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / kathAnaka ke ya donoM khaNDa atisakSma tathA zithila tantu se Abaddha haiN| kathAnaka meM katipaya aMza to sarvathA anAvazyaka pratIta hote haiN| sulasopAkhyAna isI koTi kA prasaMga hai, jo kAvya meM balAt ThUsA gayA hai, yadyapi kathAvastu meM isakA koI aucitya nahIM hai| zreNikacarita ke kartA kA mukhya uddezya kAvya ke vyAja se kAtantra vyAkaraNa kI durgavRtti ke anusAra vyAkaraNa ke sidhda prayogoM ko pradarzita karanA hai / isa dRSTi se ve bhaTTi ke anugAmI hai aura bhaTTikAvya kI taraha zreNika carita ko nyAyapUrvaka zAstrakAvya kahA jA sakatA hai| / TIkA kI avataraNikA ke prAsaMgika ullekha ke anusAra jayazekharasUri ke jaina kumArasammava kI racanA khambhAta meM sampanna haI thI, kinta kavi ke ziSya dharmazekhara ne kAvya para TIkA sA~bhara meM likhI, isakA spaSTa nirdeza TIkA-prazasti meM kiyA gayA hai2| ataH yahAM isakA sAmAnya paricaya denA aprAsaMgika na hogA / mahAkavi kAlidAsa-kRta kumArasambhava kI bhA~ti jaina kumArasambhava kA uddezya kamAra (bharata) ke janma kA varNana karatA hai, kinta jisa prakAra kamArasambhava ke prAmANika aMza (prathama pATha sarga) meM kArtikeya kA janma varNita nahIM hai, vaise hI jaina kavi ke mahAkAvya meM bhI bharatakumAra ke janma kA kahIM ullekha nahIM hayA hai| aura, isa taraha donoM kAvyoM ke zIrSaka unake pratipAdita viSaya para pUrNatayA caritArtha nahIM hote / parantu jahAM kAlidAsa ne aSTama sarga meM pArvatI ke garbhAdhAna ke dvArA kamAra kArtikeya ke bhAvI janma kI vyaMjanA kara kAvya ko samApta kara diyA hai, vahA~ jaina kumArasambhava meM sumaMgalA ke garbhAdhAna kA nirdeza karane ke pazcAt bhI (6/74) kAvya ko pAMca atirikta sargoM meM likhA gayA hai| yaha anAvazyaka vistAra kavi kI varNanAtmaka prakRti ke anarUpa bhale hI ho, isase kAdhya kI anviti naSTa ho gaI hai, kathAnaka kA vikAsakrama chinna ho gayA hai aura kAvya kA anta atIva Akasmika DhaMga se hasA hai| kharataragacchIya sUracandra kA sthalabhadra gaNamAlA kAvya rAjasthAna meM racita eka anya zAstrIya mahAkAvya hai| haravijaya,kapphiNAbhyadaya Adi mahAkAvyoM ke samAna sthalabha mAlA meM bhI varNanoM kI bhitti para mahAkAvya kI aTTAlikA kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| isake upalabdha sADhe pandraha sagargoM (adhikAroM) meM nandarAja ke mahAmantrI zakaTAla ke putra sthUlabhadra tathA pATaliputra kI vezyA kozA ke praNaya kI sukumAra pRSThabhUmi meM mantriputra kI pragrajyA kA varNana karanA kaviko abhISTa hai| 1. vistRta vivecana ke liye dekhiye, zyAmaza kara dIkSita kRta terahavIM caudahavIM zatAbdI ke ___ jaina saMskRta mahAkAvya, pR. 120-143 / 2. deze sapAdalakSe sukhalakSye padhare purapravare / nayanavasuvAdhicandre varSe harSeNa nirmitA seyama // //

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120 sthUlabhadra guNamAlA kI eka prati kesariyAmAtha jI kA mandira, jodhapura meM sthita jAna bhaNDAra meM vidyamAna hai| durbhAgyavaza yaha hastalekha adhUrA hai| isameM na kevala prathama do patra prApta hai, antima se pUrvavartI tIna patra bhI naSTa ho cuke haiN| ghANerAva bhaNDAra kI kAvya kI eka pUrNa prati kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi ne sthUlabhadra guNamAlA kI pUrti jayapura nareza jayasiMha ke zAsana kAla meM samvat 1680 (1023 I.) pauSa tRtIyA ko jayapura ke upanagara sAMgAnera ( saMgrAma magara ) meM kI thii| isa prati se yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki kAvya meM sataraha adhikAra haiM aura isako samApti va sthUlabhadra ke upadeza se vezyA ke pratibodha tathA nAyaka ke guNagAna evaM svargArohaNa se hotI hai? / kheda hai, yaha prati hameM adhyayanArtha prApta nahIM ho skii| kathAnaka ke nAma para sthUlabhadra guNamAlA meM varNanoM kA jAla bichA hayA hai / do-tIna sargoM meM saundarya-citraNa karanA tathA pAMca svatantra sagoM meM vistata Rta kara denA kavi kI kAvya-zailI kA ugra pramANa hai| bhoga kI ati kI pariNati anivAryataH bhoga ke tyAga meM hotI hai, apane isa sandeza ko kavi ne sarasa kAnya ke paridhAna meM prastuta kiyA hai, kintu use adhika AkarSaka banAne ke Aveza meM vaha kAdhya meM nahIM rakha sakA / kAvya meM vaNita sabhI upakaraNoM sahita ise 6-7 sargoM meM saphalatA pUrvaka samApta kiyA jA sakatA thaa| kintu sUracandra kI kAvya-pratimA tathA varNanAtmaka abhiruci ne ise 17 soM kA bahad AkAra de diyA hai| kisI viSaya se sambandhita apanI kalpanA kA koza jaba taka naha rItA nahIM kara detA, kavi Age bar3hane kA nAma nahIM letaa| yaha satya hai ki ina varNanoM meM kavi-pratibhA kA bhavya unmeSa hamA hai. kintu unake atizaya ke vistAra ne kAvya camatkArako naSTa kara diyA hai| sthalabhadra gaNamAlA kA mahatva isake varNanoM taka sImita hai, kintu ye isake lie ghAtaka bhI bane hai| kavi kI vistAra bhAvanA ne usakI kavitva-zakti ko dabA diyA hai| sUracandra kI kAvya-pratibhA prazaMsanIya hai, parantu usane adhikatara usakA anAvazyaka kSaya kiyA hai| sArA kAvya sUkSma varNanoM se bharA huA hai| mAghakAvya kA samasyApUrti rUpa meghavijayagaNi-kRta devAnanda mahAkAvya sAta soM kI prauDha evaM alaMkRta kRti hai / isameM jaina dharma ke prasiddha prabhAvaka, tapAgacchIya prAcArya vijayadevasari tathA unake paTTadhara vijayaprabhasUri ke sAdhu-jIvana ke katipaya prasaMgoM ko nibaddha karane kA upakrama kiyA gayA hai, kintu kaSi kA vAstavika uddezya citrakAvya ke dvArA pAThaka ko camatkRta karate hue apane pANDitya tathA racanA-kauzala kI pratiSThA karanA hai| isIliye deSAnanda ke tathAkathita itihAsa kA kaMkAla citrakAvya kI bADha meM iba gayA hai aura yaha mukhyataH alaMkRti-pradhAna camatkArajanaka kAvya bana gayA hai| isakI racanA mAravADa ke sAdaDI magara meM sambat 1727 ( 1650 I.) meM vijayadazamo ko pUrNa haI thI. isakA ullekha kAvya kI prAnta prazasti meM kiyA gayA hai| isakI eka pratilipi svayaM grantha kAra ne gvAliyara meM kI thI / 1. saMgrAmanagare tasmina jainaprAsAda sandare / kAzIvakAzate yatra gaMgava tirmalA nadI // 296 / / rAjye zrIjayasiMhasya mAnasihaspasansataH / 298 2. zrI sthUlabhadrasya guNamAlAnAmani carite vezyA-pratibodhana-zrAvikIkaraNa-zrIgurupAdamalasamAgata-zrIsthUlAliprazaMsanA' / sthUlabhadrasvagamana-guNamAlA-samarthanavarNano nAma saptadazodhikAraH sampUrNaH / 3-devAnandamahAkAvya, granthaprazasti 31

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121 devAnanda kI racanA mAgha ke suvikhyAta kAvya zizupAlavadha kI samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM huI hai| isameM mAgha ke prathama sAta sargoM ko hI samasyA pUrti kA AdhAra banAyA gayA hai| adhikata" mAdhakAvya ke padyoM ke caturtha pAda ko samasyA ke rUpa meM grahaNa karake anya tIna caraNoM kI racanA kavi ne svayaM kI hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM do ayathA tIna caraNoM ko lekara bhI samasyApUrti kI gaI hai / kucha padyoM ke vibhinna caraNoM ko lekara alagaalaga zloka race gaye haiN| mAgha ke 348 ke cAroM pAdoM ke AdhAra para meghavijaya ne cAra svatantra padya banAye haiM (3/51-54) / kabhI-kabhI eka samasyA-pAda kI pUrti cAra padyoM meM kI gaI hai / mAgha ke 369 ke tRtIya caraNa 'prAyeNa niSkAmati cakrapANI' kA kavi ne cAra padyoM meM prayoga kiyA hai ( 31117-120) / kahIM-kahIM eka samasyA dodo padyoM kA viSaya banI hai| 'saharitAlasamAnanavAMzukaH' ke AdhAra para meghavijaya ne 4/27-28 ko racanA kI hai| 'kvacita kapicayati cAmIkarA:' kI pUrti carya sarga ke battIsaveM tathA tetIsaveM padya meM kI gayI hai| meghavijaya ne eka hI padya meM yathAvata do bAra prayukta karake bhI apane racanA-kauzala kA camatkAra dikhAyA hai| 'grAmiSTa matruvAsarapAram, 'prabhAvanI ketanavaijayantIH' 'paritastatAra raverasatyavazyama' ko kramaza: 6/7980,81 ke pUrvAdhaM tathA aparAdha meM prayakta kiyA gayA hai.' dyapi, donoM bhAgoM meM, inake artha meM, prAkAza-pAtAla kA antara hai| bhASA kA kuzala zilI hAne ke kAraNa meghavijaya ne mAghakAvya se gRhota samasyAmoM kA bahudhA sarvathA pajJAta tathA camatkArajanaka artha kiyA hai| vAMchita navIna artha nikAlane ke liye kavi ko bhASA ke sAtha manamAnA khilavAr3a karanA paDA hai| kavina abhISTa artha kI prApti adhikatara navIna padaccheda ke dvArA kI hai| abhinava padaccheda kI sahAyatA se vaha aise vicitra artha nikAlana meM saphala hapA hai, jinako kalpanA mAgha ne bhI kabhI nahIM kI hogI / isameM use pUrvacaraNa kI padAvalI se bahuta sAyatA milI hai / devAnanda meM mAgha ke katipaya padya bhI yathAvata , avikala grahaNa kiya gaye hai, kintu akalpanIya padaccheda se kavi ne unase citra vicitra tathA camatkArI artha nikAla hai| devAnanda ke tRtIya sarga ke prathama tIna padya mAgha ke usI sarga ke prathama padya hai, para unake artha meM virATa antara hai| kavi ke Ipsita artha ko hRdayagama karanA sarvathA asambhava hotA yadi kavi ne isa prakAra ke padyoM para TippaNI li bane kI kalpanA na kI hotI / mAgha kAvya se gahIta samasyAoM kI saphala pUrti ke liye usI koTi kA vastutaH usase bhI adhika, garu gambhIra pANDitya apekSita hai / mAgha kI bhAti meghavijaya ko sarvatomakhI vidvattA kA paricaya to unake kAvya se nahIM milatA kyoMki devAnanda kI viSayavastu aisI hai ki usameM zAstrIya pANDitya ke prakAzana kA adhika avakAza nahIM hai / kinta apane kathya ko jisa prauDha bhASA tathA alakata zailI meM prastuta kiyA hai, usase spaSTa hai ki meghavijaya citramArga ke siddhahasta kavi haiN| unakI tathA mAgha kI zailI meM kahIM bhI antara dikhAI nahIM detaa| apane prayojana kI siddhi ke liya kavi ne bhASA kA jo hRdayahIna utpIDana kiyA hai, usase jUjhatA pAThaka jhujhalA uThatA hai tathA isa bhASAyI jAdUgarI ke cakravyUha meM phaMsakara vaha hatAza ho jAtA hai, paranta raha zAbdI-trIDA tathA bhASAtmaka uchalakUda, usake gana pANDitya tathA bhASAdhikAra ke dyotaka hai, isama tanika bhI sandeha nahIM hai| meghavijaya kA udadezya hI citrakAvya se pAThaka ko camatkata karanA hai / meghavijaya kA eka anya citrakAvya guptasandhAna nAnArthaka kAvya-paramparA kA utkarSa ha / nau sargoM ke isa kAbya meM jaina dharma ke pAMca tIrthakaroM-RSabhadeva, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArvanAtha, mahAvIra tathA puruSottama rAma evaM kRSNa vAsadeva kA carita zleSavidhi se gamphita hai| kAvya meM yadyapi ina mahApuruSoM ke jIvana ke kucha mahatvapUrNa prakaraNoM kA hI nivandhana hamA

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122 hai, kintu unheM eka sAtha citrita karane ke dussAdhya kArya kI pUrti ke liye kavi ko cikaTa citrazailI tathA ucchRMkhala zAbdI - krIDA kA zrAzraya lenA par3A hai jisase kAvya vajravat durbhedya bana gayA hai / TIkA ke jala-pAtheya ke binA kAvya ke isa mahasthala ko pAra karanA sarvathA asaMbhava hai / granthaprazasti ke anusAra saptasandhAna kI racanA samvat 1760 meM huI thI 1 | sAta vyaktiyoM ke carita ko eka sAtha grathita karanA dussAdhya kArya hai / prastuta kAvya meM yaha kaThinAI isaliye aura bar3ha gayI hai ki yahAM jina mahApuruSoM kA jIvanavRtta nibaddha hai, unameM se pAMca jaina dharma ke tIrtha kara haiM, anya do hindU dharma ke prArAdhya deva, yadyapi jaina sAhitya meM bhI ve ajJAta nahIM haiM / kavi ko apane lakSya kI prApti meM sabase adhika sahAyatA saMskRta bhASA kI saMzliSTa prakRti se milI hai / zleSa eka aisA alaMkAra hai jisake dvArA kavi bhASA ko icchAnusAra tor3a-maror3a kara usase abhISTa artha nikAla sakatA hai / isalie kAvya meM zleSa kI nirbAdha yojanA kI gayI hai, jisase kAvya kA sAtoM pakSoM meM artha grahaNa kiyA jA sake / kintu yahAM yaha jJAtavya hai ki saptasandhAna ke pratyeka padya ke sAta artha nahIM haiN| vastutaH aise padya bahuta kama haiM jinake sAta svataMtra artha kiye jA sakate haiM / adhikAMza padyoM ke tIna artha nikalate haiM, jinameM se eka jinezvaroM para ghaTita hotA hai, zeSa do kA sambandha rAma tathA kRSNa se hai / tIrtha karoM kI nijI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa kucha padyoM ke cAra, pAMca prathavA chaha artha bhI kiye gaye haiM / kucha padya to zleSa se sarvathA mukta haiM tathA unakA kevala eka artha hai / vahI artha sAtoM nAyakoM para caritArtha hotA hai / prastuta kAvya kA yahI saptasandhAnatva hai / kavi kI yaha ukti bhI --- kAvye'sminna evaM sapta kathitA zrarthAH samarthAH zriye ( 4142 ) -- isI artha meM sArthaka hai / isa saptasandhAnAtmaka gaDDamaDDa ke kAraNa adhikAMza kAvya - nAyakoM ke carita dhUmila raha gaye haiM / RSabhadeSa kI kathA meM hI kucha vistAra milatA hai / apane kAvya kI samIkSA kI jo AkAMkSA kavi ne pAThaka se kI hai, usakI pUrti meM usakI dUrArUr3ha zailI saba se bar3I bAdhA hai / para hameM yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye ki saptasandhAna kA uddezya citrakAvya-racanA meM kavi kI dakSatA kA pradarzana karanA hai, sarasa kavitA se pAThaka kA manoraMjana karanA nahIM / isameM kavi pUrNataH saphala huA hai aitihAsika mahAkAvya :--- rAjasthAna ke jaina kaviyoM ne do prakAra ke aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM ke dvArA apanI aitihAsika pratibhA kI pratiSThA kI hai / prathama varga ke hammIra mahAkAvya, kumArapAla carita tathA vastupAlacarita Adi bhAratIya itihAsa ke gauravazAlI zAsakoM ke aitihAsika vRtta kA nirUpaNa karate haiN| dUsarI koTi ke aitihAsika mahAkAvya ve haiM jinameM saMyama dhana - sAdhuoM kA jIvana-vRta nibaddha hai, yadyapi ina tapasviyoM kA dharmazAsana samrAToM se bhI adhika mAnya tathA tejasvI thaa| rocaka saMyoga hai, inakA itihAsa-pakSa saMskRta ke prAcIna bahu prasita aitihAsika mahAkAvyoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika vizvasanIya hai / inameM se kucha kavitva kI dRSTi se bhI bahuta samartha tathA saphala haiM / hammIra mahAkAvya deza ke kisa bhAga meM likhA gayA, isakA koI saMketa kAvya meM upalabdha nahIM / yadyapi jaise svayaM nayacandra ne sUcita kiyA hai use hammIra mahAkAvya ke praNayana kI preraNA tomaranareza vIrama ke sabhAsadoM kI isa vyaMgyokti se milI thI ki prAcIna kaviyoM ke samAna utkRSTa kAvya-racanA karane vAlA aba koI kavi nahIM 2 tathApi jisa tallInatA tathA tAdAtmya se kavi ne rAjasthAna ke madhyakAlIna itihAsa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai usa zrAdhAra para yaha 1. grantha prazasti, 3. 2. hamIra mahAkavya, 14/ 43

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123 kalpanA karanA ayukta nahIM ki nayacandra yadi janmanA rAjasthAnI nahIM the, to bhI isa pradeza se unakA gaharA sambandha rahA hogaa| tabhI to hammIra carita kA praNayana karane kI lAlasA unheM dina-rAta matha rahI thI 1 / caudaha sargoM ke isa vIrAMka kAvya meM rAjaputI zaurya kI sAkAra pratimA mahAhaThI hammIradeva tathA bhAratIya itihAsa ke kuTilatama zAsaka alAuddIna khilajI ke ghanaghora yuddhoM tathA antataH hammIra ke prANotsarga kA gauravapUrNa itihAsa prazasta zailI ma nibadhda hai / badhdamUla-paramparA ke anusAra yadyapi kavi ne itihAsa ko kAvya ke AkarSaka paridhAna stuta kiyA hai, kintu hammIra mahAkAvya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki isakA aitihAsika bhAga kavitva ke indradhanuSI saundarya meM vilIna nahIM huprA apitu vaha spaSTa, sugrathita, prAmANika tathA alaukika tattvoM se prAyaH mukta hai tathA isakI puSTi yavana itihAsakAroM ke svatantra vivaraNoM se hotI hai / kAvya kI dRSTi se bhI nayacandra kA grantha ucca bindu kA sparza karatA hai / svayaM kavi ko isameM kAvyagata vaiziSTaya para garva hai ' / jJAtavya hai ki kAvya kA mukhya pratipAdya-hammIrakathA-kevala chaH (8-13) sargoM taka sImita hai| prathama cAra sarga, jinameM cAhamAnavaMza kI utpatti tathA hammIra ke pUrvajoM kA varNana hai, eka prakAra se, hammIrakathA kI bhUmikA hai| nayacandra ke sajana meM itihAsa tathA kAvya kA yaha rAsAyanika sammizraNa hammIra mahAkAvya ko atyucca dharAtala para pratiSThita karatA hai / vastupAla-carita kI racanA jinaharSa ne citrakUTapura (cittaur3a) ke jinezvara mandira meM sambat 1497 (san 1440) meM kI thI 3 / isake aATha vizAlakAya prastAvoM meM colakyAnarama vIradhavala ke nItinipUNa mahAmAtya vastupAla kI bahamakhI upalabdhiyoM, durlabha mAnavIya gaNoM, sAhityaprema tathA jaina dharma ke prati apAra utsAha aura usake pracAra-prasAra ke liye kiye gaye athaka prayatnoM, kuTanItika kauzala evaM prazAsanika pravINatA kA sAMgopAMga varNana huaA hai| vastuta. kAvya meM vastupAla tathA usake anuja tejaHpAla donoM kA carita gumphita hai, kintu vastupAla ke garimApUrNa vyaktitva ke prakAza meM tejaHpAla kA vRtta manda par3a gayA hai / vastupAla kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa hI kAvya kA nAma vastupAla carita rakhA gayA hai / vastupAla carita ko aitihAsika racanA mAnA jAtA hai / nissandeha isase cAlukyavaMza, dhaulakA-nareza vIradhavala, vizeSakara usake prakharamati amAtya vastupAla ke viSaya meM kucha upayogI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| kintu ina sUkSma aitihAsika saMketoM ko paurANikatA ke cakravyUha meM isa prakAra banda kara diyA gayA hai ki pAThaka kA abhimanyu isase jUjhata:-jUjhatA vahIM kheta raha jAtA hai| 4559 padyoM ke isa bRhata kAnya meM kavi ne aitiha sika sAmagrI para 200-250 se adhika padya vyaya karanA upayukta nahIM samajhA hai| saMtoSa yaha hai ki vastupAla carita kA aitihAsika aMza yathArtha, prAmANika tathA vizvasanIya hai| yahI isa kAvya kA pAkarSaNa hai| jainAcAryoM ke itihAsa-sambandhI mahAkAvyoM meM zrIvallabha pAThaka kA vijayadeva mAhAtmya mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| unnIsa sargoM kA yaha kAvya tapAgaccha ke suvijJAta prAcArya vijayadevasUri ke dharma-pradhAna vRtta kA tathyAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| apane kathya ke citraNa meM kavi ne itanI tatparatA dikhAI hai ki carita-nAyaka ke jIvana kI vibhinna ghaTanAoM ke dina, nakSatra, samvata taka kA isame yathAtathya ullekha hayA hai| vijayadevasari kI dhAmika gatividhiyoM kI jAnakArI ke liye prastuta kAvya vastutaH bahuta upayogI tathA vizvasanIya hai / 1. vahI,14/26 2. vahI,1446 . vastupAlacarita, prazasti, 11.

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124 zrIvallabha ne vijayadeva mAhAtmya meM isake racanAkAla kA koI saMketa nahIM kiyA hai, kantu kAvya ke AloDana se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki isakI racanA samvat 1687 (san 1630 ) ke pazcAt huI thI / vividha granthoM para kavi kI TIkAoM meM [yukta mAravAr3I zabdoM ke AdhAra para yaha mAnanA bhI asaMgata nahIM ki usakA janma rAjasthAna ke mAravADa pradeza meM huA thA / devAnanda mahAkAvya meM meghavijaya ne vijayaprabha ke carita para dRSTipAta to kiyA, kintu isase unheM saMtoSa nahIM huA / digvijaya mahAkAvya ke teraha sargoM meM pUjya guru ke jIvanavRtta kA svatantra rUpa se nibaddha karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai / isakI racanA ke mUla meM gurubhakti kI udAtta preraNA nihita haiM / kintu kheda hai ki vidvAn tathA pratibhAzAlI hotA huA bhI kavi mahAkAvya rUr3hiyoM ke jAla meM phaMsa kara apane nirdhArita lakSya bhraSTa ho gayA 1274 padyoM ke isa vizAla kAvya ko paDhane ke pazcAta bhI vijayaprabhasUri ke viSaya meM hamArI jAnakArI meM vizeSa vRddhi nahIM hotI, yaha kaTu tathya hai / sArA kAvya varNanoM kI bADha AplAvita hai | itanA avazya hai ki kavi ke anya do kAvyoM kI bhAMti isakI pariNati hatA meM nahIM I hai, yadyapi isake kucha aMzoM meM bhI pANDitya-pradarzana kI pravRtti phuphakAra uThI hai / paurANika mahAkAvyaH -- paurANika kathAoM ke dvArA jana sAdhAraNa ko dharmabodha dene kI pravRtti bahuta prabhAvI tathA prAcIna hai / jaina kaviyoM ne paurANika AkhyAnoM ke AdhAra rAma kA raca kara ukta uddezya kI pUrti kI hai| yaha bAta bhinna hai ki paurANika kAvyoM meM se kucha apanI prauDhatA, kavitva tathA bhASAgata saundarya ke kAraNa zAstrIya kAvyoM ke bahuta nikaTa pahuMca jAte haiM / kahanA na hogA ki jaina sAhitya meM paurANika racanAoM kA hI bAhulya hai / sanatkumAraca caritra (sana 1205 - 1221 ) rAjasthAna ke paurANika mahAkAvyoM meM pratiSThita pada kA adhikArI hai / isake racayitA jinapAla upAdhyAya jinapatisUri ke ziSya the, jinakA janma 1153 IsvI meM jaisalamera rAjya ke vikramapura ( bIkamapura ) sthAna para huA thA tathA jinhoMne ajamera ke prakhyAta cauhAna zAsaka pRthvIrAja dvitIya kI sabhA meM padhAra kara use gauravAnvita kiyA thA / sanatkumAracaRicaritra ke 24 sargoM meM jaina sAhitya meM suvijJAta catrI sanatkumAra ke caritra kA manohara zailI meM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / isameM zAstrIya tathA paurANika zailiyoM kA itanA gahana mizraNa hai ki isake svarUpa kA nizcayAtmaka nirNaya karanA duSkara hai| paurANika tatvoM ke prAcarya ke kAraNa ise paurANika kAvya mAnA gayA hai, kintu isakI camatkRti pradhAnatA, citrakAvya-yojanA tathA pANDitya-pradarzana kI pravRtti Adi ke kAraNa ise zAstrIya mahAkAvyoM ke antargata sthAna denA bhI nyAyocita hogA / sanatkumAracaritra kA kathAnaka susaMgaThita aura vyavasthita hai| isakI samasta ghaTanAyeM paraspara saMbaddha hai, jisake phalasvarUpa isameM avicchinnatA tathA dhArAvAhikatA barAbara banI rahatI hai / yaha mahatvapUrNa mahAkAvya mahorAdhyAya vinaya sAgara dvArA sampAdita hokara, prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna jodhapura se prakAzita ho cukA hai / abhayadevasUri-kRta jayantavijaya (1221 I.) ko vizuddha paurANika mahAkAvya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, kyoMki sanatkumAracakricaritra kI bhAMti isameM bhI zAstrIya rUDhiyoM kA vyApaka samAveza huA hai| isake 19 sargoM meM vikramasiMha ke putra ja nta kA jIvanavRtta rocaka zailI meM varNita hai / jayantavijaya meM kathAvastu kA sAmAnyataH saphala nirvAha huA hai / pandrahaveM sarga meM dArzanika siddhAntoM kA vistRta vivecana aura satarahaveM sarga meM jayanta aura ratisundarI

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125 ke pUrvabhava kA varNana mukhya kathA meM vyAghAta pahuMcAte hai / paurANikatA ke kAraNa kathA-pravAha meM kahIM-kahIM zithilatA avazya A gapI hai para krama kahIM bhI chinta nahIM hotaa| nava, dasaveM aura caudahavesargoM sagoM meM pAtroM ke saMvAda nATakIyatA se taralita haiM / / jaina sAhitya meM aisI racanAoM kI to kamI nahIM, jinameM pUrvokta kAvyoM kI bhAMti mahAkAvya kI paurANika tathA zAstrIya zailiyoM ke tatva paraspara anusyUta haiM, para aMcalagacchIya AcArya mANikyasundara ke zrIdharacarita meM zAstra kAvya kI vizeSatAoM kA bhI gaThabandhana dikhAI detA hai / isakanI mANikyAMka soM meM maMgalapUra naraza jayacandra ke putra vijayacandra ka vRtta nibaddha hai| vijayacandra pUrva janma kA zrIdhara hai / kAvya kA zIrSaka usake bhavAntara ka isI nAma para AdhArita hai| isa dRSTi se prastuta zIrSaka kAvya para pUrNatayA caritArtha nahIM hotaa| carita-varNana ke sAtha-sAtha kavi kA udadezya apanI chanda-marmajJatA tathA unheM yatheSTa rUpa se udAhRta karane kI kSamatA kA pradarzana karanA hai| isIlie kAvya meM 92 vaNika tathA mAtrika vata tathA unake aise bhedoM prabhedoM aura katipaya ajJAta athavA alpajJAta chandoM kA prayoga huA hai, jo sAhitya meM anyatra zAyada hI prayakta hue hoM / chandoM ke prAyogika udAharaNa prastuta karane ke kAraNa zrIdharacarita chandoM ke bodha ke lie lakSaNa-granthoM kI apekSA kahIM adhika upayogI hai| kintu kavi kA yaha lakSya, zAstra athavA nAnArthaka kAvyoM kI bhAMti, kAvya ke lie ghAtaka nahIM hai kyoMki usakI pratibhA chandoM kI dhArA meM bandI nahIM hai| vaise bhI ajJAta chanda vyAkaraNa ke dussAdhya prayogoM ke samAna rasa-carvaNA meM bAdhaka nahIM haiM / zrIdharacarita kA kathAnaka bahuta saMkSipta hai, kintu kavi ne use mahAkAvyocita pariveza dene ke lie prabhAta, gayodaya, parvata, nagara, dUtapreSaNa, svayaMbara Adi ke varNanoM se mAMsa la banAkara prastuta kiyA hai| phalataH zrIdharacarita kA kathAnaka vastu vyApAra ke varNanoM ke setuoM se TakarAtA haA Age bar3hatA hai| kAvya ke uttarArdha meM to kavi kI varNanAtmaka pravRtti ne vikarAla rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai / AThava tathA naveM sarga kA saMsAra yakSoM, gandharvo, siddhoM, nAgakanyAoM, yaddhoM, naramedha, strI-haraNa tathA camatkAroM kA ajIba saMsAra hai / inameM ati prAkRtika tatvoM, abAdha varNanoM tathA viSayAntaroM kA itanA bAhalya hai ki ye sarga, vizeSataH aSTama sarga kAvya kI apekSA romAMcaka kathA bana gaye haiM / kAvya kI jo kathA sAtaveM sarga taka laMgaDAtI calI A rahI thI, vaha AThaveM saga ma Akara ekadama Dhera ho jAtI hai| vastutaH zrIdhara carita ko paurANika kAvya banAne kA dAyitva ina do saga para hI hai / prAnta prazasti ke anusAra zrIdharacarita kI racanA samvat 1463 (1406 I.) meM mevAr3a ke devakulapATaka (delavAr3A ?) nagara meM sampanna huI thii| zrImedapATadeze grantho mANikyasundareNAyam / / devakulapATakapure guNarasavAdhInduvarSe vyaraci // prazasti, 2. aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM pradeza ko eka mahAkAvya pradAna karane kA zreya jodhapura ko hai / jaisA grantha prazasti meM sacita kiyA gayA hai, rUpacandra gaNi aparanAma rAmavijaya ne gautamIya kAvya kA nirmANa jodhapura nareza rAmasiMha ke zAsanakAla meM, samvata 1807 (sana 1650) meM kiyA2 / rUpacandra ke ziSya kSamAkalyANa ne isa para saM. 1852 (san 1695) meM TIkA likhI jisakA prArambha to rAjanagara (ahamadAbAda) meM kiyA thA, kintu pati jaisalamara meM haI / 1. zyAmazaMkara dIkSita : terahavIM caudahavIM zatAbdi ke jaina saskRta mahAkAvya, pR. 282. 2. graMthakAra-prazasti, 1-3. 3. TIkAkAra-prazasti, 1-3.

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gautabhIya kAvya kA udadezya kavitA kavyAja se jaina sidAnta kA nirUpaNa karanA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gaNadhara tathA pramukha ziSya gautama indrabhUti aura unake anuja ke saMzayoM ke nivAraNArtha kavi ne mahAzramaNa ke upadeza ke mAdhyama se jaina darzana kA pratipAdana kiyA hai.jo pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM hone ke kAraNa zuSka tathA nIrasa bana gayA hai| kavi ne prathama sarga meM Rta varNana ke dvArA kAvya meM rocakatA lAne prayAsa kiyA hai, kintu kAvya-kathA kA saMketa kie binA prathama sarga meM hI RtuvarNana meM jaTa jAnA avAMchanIya hai aura kathAnaka ke viniyoga meM kavi kI kauzala-hInatA kA sUcaka bhI /

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apabhraMza jaina sAhitya

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apabhraMza sAhitya : sAmAnya paricaya 1. -DA. devendra kumAra jaina apazabda aura apabhraMza apabhraza ke sAhitya ke sAtha bhASA se bhI paricita honA jarUrI hai| bhASyakAra ke anasAra "zabda thoDe haiM aura apazabda bht"| eka-eka zabda ke kaI apabhraMza haiM, jaise-'go' ke gAvI, gauNI, gotA aura gopotalikA / saMskRta bhASA ke saMdarbha meM go zabda hai| zeSa apazabda haiN| gAvI Adi zabda, go ke apabhraMza hai, arthAt tadbhava hai, yA gomUlaka zabda ha jo saMskRta ke liye apazabda hote hue bhI, dUsarI bhASAoM ke liya zabda hai| ataH apazabda aura apabhraMza kA eka artha nahIM hai, jaisA ki prAyaH bhrama hai| bhASyakAra se lagabhaga chaha sau sAla bAda IsavI 3rI sadI meM bharata muni ne AbhIrokti ko ukAra bahulA batAte hue usakA udAharaNa diyA hai-'morallau naccantau' isakA saMskRta meM hogA 'nRtyamAnaH mayUraH', nRtyamAna kA naccanta aura mayUraH kA morallau rUpa prAkRtika prakriyA pArakara hI saMbhava ho skaa| ataH AbhIrokti AbhIroM kI svataMtra bolI na hokara saMskRta paraMparA mUlaka bolI hI hai,jo prAkRtoM kI okArAMta prakRti ke samAnAntara vikasita ho rahI thI, aura 'niyaprAkRta' meM jisakA pUrvAbhAsa milatA hai| rAmaH kA vikAsa rAmo aura rAma donoM rUpoM meM saMbhava hai, cUMki apabhraMza kriyA kRdanta kiyA bahula hai ata: usameM bhI ukArAMta kI pravRtti A gii| IsA kI 6ThI sadI meM saMskRta sAhitya samIkSaka daMDI AbhIrokti ko sAhityika bhASA banane para, apabhraMza kahane ke pakSa meM the| isakA artha hai, vaha bhI AryabhASA malaka-bhASA saskRta kA eka vikasita rUpa hai| apabhraza aura dezI apabhraza ko prAyaH dezI tatva se pracura samajhA jAtA hai| ise bhI spaSTa kara lenA jarUrI hai| pANinI apanI bhASA ko vaidika bhASA kI tulanA meM lokabhASA kahate haiM, vaha bhASA jo loka meM vyavahRta ho / sAhityarUDha hone para saMskRta khlaaii| prAkRtakAla meM loka ke zabda kI jagaha bolacAla kI bhASA ke lie dezI zabda cala pddaa| yaha eka bhASA-vaijJAnika tathya hai ki koI bhASA binA lokAdhAra ke paidA nahIM hotI, isI prakAra vaha binA saMskAra yA niyamana ke vyApaka aura ziSTa nahIM bntii| yaha dezIbhASA sAhityika banane para prAkRta kahalAI, jisakA vyAkaraNika, saMskRta ko prakRti mAnakara kiyA gyaa| apabhraMza kavi svayaMma 'paumacariu' ko eka ora 'dezIbhASA ubhaya taDajjala' kahate haiM aura dUsarI ora apanI bhASA ko 'gobhilla vacana' se rahita bhI batAte h| svayaMbhU ke samaya dezI-vacana kA sthAna grAmya-vacana le letA hai| kahane kA abhiprAya, saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza, loka deza grAmya stara se uThakara hI sAhityika aura sAmAnya vyavahAra kI bhASAyeM banatI haiN| ataH apabhraMza kA artha na to bigaDI haI bhASA hai aura na janabolI, aura na yaha ki jisakA uccAraNa ThIka se na ho ske| jaisA ki apabhraza ke kucha yuvA adhyetA samajhate haiN| yaha bhrama bhI nirAdhAra hai ki apabhraza kevala kAvyabhASA thI, yA yaha ki usameM gadya nahIM thaa| saMskRta; prAkRta kI tulanA ma apabhraMza kA kSetra sImita hai, parantu usakI kaDavaka zailI meM aura saMvAdoM aura varNanoM meM apabhraza gadya kA rUpa dekhA jA sakatA hai| socane kI bAta hai ki kyA binA gadya ke koI bhASA vikAsa kara sakatI hai ? apabhraMza meM ukArAnta prakRti ke sAtha AkArAMta prakRti kI bhI bahulatA hai, kRdaMta kriyAoM kI mukhyatA, zabda kriyArUpoM kI kamI, vibhaktiyoM kA lopa, SaSThI vibhakti kI vyApakatA, duharI vibhaktiyoM aura parasarga ke samAna nae zabdoM kA prayoga

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128 pUrvakAlika aura kriyArthaka kriyAoM ke prayogoM meM vikalpoM kI bharamAra, kRdaMta kriyA ke kAraNa kAlabodha ke lie sahAyaka kriyA kA vistAra, usakI pramakha vizaSatAeM haiN| apabhraza sAhitya kA yuga saMskRta sAhitya-mImAMsakoM aura idhara-udhara ke ullekhoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki IsA kI chaThI sadI se na kevala apabhraMza sAhitya likhA jAne lagA thA, balki use mAnyatA bhI mila cukI thii| maiM 12vIM sadI taka apabhraMza kA yuga mAnatA huuN| yadyapi usake bAda 15vIM 16 vIM sadI taka apabhraza sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai, parantu vaha rUDha sAhitya hai, bhASA aura abhivyakti kI dRSTi se usameM vaha yagabodha nahIM hai jo ki honA caahie| phira isa kAla meM A.bhA. Arya-bhASAoM kA sAhitya astitva meM A cukA thaa| 7vIM se 12vIM taka kA yaha kAla, rAjanItika dRSTi se harSa ke sAmrAjya ke vighaTana, rAjapUtazaktiyoM ke udaya aura saMgharSa tathA mahammadavina kAsima (I.711), mahamUda gajanI (1026) aura muhammada gaurI (1194) jaise videzI AkrAMtAoM kI saphala ghusapeTha kA samaya hai| dhAmika dRSTi se AlocyakAla meM bauddha aura jainadharma ke samAnAMtara zaiva aura vaiSNava bhaktimatoM kA bolabAlA rhaa| sabhI dharmamata ADaMbara pUrNa the| dharma aura rAjya eka dUsare para AdhArita the| dhama rAjya se vistAra cAhatA thA, aura rAjya dharma se prernnaa| siddha aura haThayoga sAdhanAeM bhI isI yuga kI dena haiN| saMskRta aura prAkRta sAhitya bhI kAphI mAtrA meM isa kAla ma likhA gayA / svayaMbhU ke pUrva kA apabhraza sAhitya daNDI. bhAmaha aura bANabhaTa ke ullekhoM aura svayabhacchaMda se yaha spaSTa hai ki svayaMbha (AThavIM aura nauMvIM sadiyoM kA madhyabindu) se do sau varSa pUrva se apabhraza sAhitya kI racanA hona lagI thii| svayaMbhUcchaMda meM akita eka darjana kaviyoM meM paddhaDiyA bandha ke nirmAtA kavi caturmakha aura goiMda (govinda) ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| donoM harikathA kAvya ke racayitA pratIta hote haiN| anumAna hai ki caturmakha ne koI rAma kathA kAvya likhA hogaa| svayaMbhUcchaMda ke kRSNakathA se saMbandhita eka uddharaNa kA artha hai, 'yadyapi kRSNa sabhI gopiyoM ko Adara se dekhate haiM parantu unakI dRSTi vahIM paDatI hai jahAM rAdhA hai, snehaparita netroM ko kauna roka sakatA hai ?' isameM rAdhA ke prati kRSNa ke AkarSaNa kA ullekha mahatvapUrNa hai| isase siddha hai ki svayaMbhU ke pUrva rAdhA kRSNa lIlAeM lokapriya ho cukI thiiN| svayaMbhacchaMda ke udAharaNa meM prakRti-citraNa, Rtu-prema aura upAlaMbha se sambandhita avataraNa haiN| jahAM taka apabhraMza pravandha kAvyoM (carita kAvyoM) kA prazna hai unakI kathA-vastu ke makhya srota rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI 'vastu' hai| vidhAeM Alojya-kAvya ko do vidhAeM makhya aura mahatvapUrNa haiM,ye haiM prabandha aura maktaka / apabhraMza sAhitya meM nATaka aura gadya-sAhitya kA abhAva hai| prAraMbhika apabhraMza prabandhakAvya purANa-kAvya ke rUpa meM milate haiN| yahAM 'cariu' aura 'purANa kAvya' kA antara samajha lenA ucita hogaa| tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM ke caritroM kA varNana karane vAlA kAvya mahApurANa kahalAtA hai| tresaTha zalAkA puruSoM meM 24 tIrtha kara,12 cakravartI aura kramaza: 9-9 balabhadra, nArAyaNa aura pratinArAyaNa vAlmIki rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI kathA-vastu kA sambandha, balabhadra (rAma) aura nArAyaNa (kRSNa) se sambaddha hai| rAma, bIsaveM tIrthakara munisuvrata ke tIrthakAla meM hae, jabaki kRSNa 22 veM tIrthakara neminAtha ke samaya / saMskRta meM pRthak-pRthaka rUpa meM likhita kAvyoM ko bhI purANa kahA gayA, jaise-Adi purANa, padma purANa, harivaMza purANa ityAdi / AcArya raviSeNa ne padmacaritra nAma bhI diyA hai| isake viparIta apabhraza ke svayaMbha,pauma cariu aura riTaThaNemi cariu nAma dete

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129 h| puSpadanta ne samagra caritoM ke saMkalana ko mahApurANa kahA hai, parantu pathaka-pRthaka rUpa meM vaha carita kAvya kahane ke pakSa meM hai| vaha likhate haiM:-- ghammANasAsaNANaMda bhariu, puNa kahami viraha NAbhaya criu| ma. pu. 1/2 meM phira. dharma ke anuzAsana aura Ananda se bhare pavitra nAbheya caritra kA varNana karatA hai| isa prakAra unake mahApurANa meM kaI carita-kAvya haiN| isameM saMdeha nahIM ki apabhraza carita-kAvya viSaya-vastu aura varNana meM bahuta kucha saMskRta jaina purANoM para AdhArita hai, parantu vastuniyojana aura varNana meM antara hai| saMskRta purANa kAvyoM kI tulanA meM inameM saMkSepa hai aura kathA-nirvAha meM apekSAkRta kAryakAraNa sambandha hai| paurANika vastu-nirdeza kama hai tathA vividha chaMdoM vAlI sargabaddha zailI ke sthAna para, kaDavaka zailI hai| eka saMdhi meM kaI kaDavaka rahate haiM, pratyeka kaDavaka ke anta meM dhattA ke rUpa meM koI chaMda rahatA hai, kaDavaka meM kaI tukAMta do paMktiyAM rahatI haiN| yaha zailI prAkRta kAvyoM meM bhI nahIM hai / viSaya aura prasaMga ke anarodha se kaDavaka kI paktiyoM meM saMkoca vistAra saMbhava hai| hamArA anumAna hai ki lokagIta zailI ke AdhAra para hI kaDavaka zailI kA vikAsa huaa| puSpadanta jaise kaviyoM ne saMskRta ke vaNika vRttoM kA prayoga kaDavaka zailI ke antargata kiyA hai| jAyasI ke padmAvata aura tulasI ke mAnasa ke dohA-caupAI zailI, isI kA paravartI vikAsa hai| carita kAvya ke do bheda apabhraza meM do prakAra ke carita-kAvya haiM, eka purANoM ke prabhAva se grasta jaise paumarisa aura naameycriu| dUsare haiM, romAMcaka athavA kalpanA pradhAna jaise NAyakumAra cariu, karakaMDacariu, jasahara criu| dharma se anuzAsita hone para bhI inameM romAMsa, kalpanA-pravaNatA aura prema tathA yuddha kI uttejaka sthitiyAM hotI haiN| vizeSa ullekhanIya yaha hai ki apabhraza meM laukika-puruSa para eka bhI carita-kAvya nahIM likhA gyaa| apabhraza kavi kathA-kAvya aura carita-kAvya meM bheda nahIM krte| bheda hai bhI nhiiN| bhavisayatta kahA aura bhavisayatta cariu eka hI bAta hai| prAkRta meM avazya kathA-kAvya kahane kA pracalana thaa| idhara hindI premAkhyAnaka kAvyoM para apabhraza carita-kAvyoM kA prabhAva siddha karane ke lie, apabhraza ke eka nae khojI ne usameM bhI premAkhyAnaka kAvya khoja nikAle haiN| usake anusAra dhAhila kA paumasiri cariu premAkhyAnaka kAvya hai, (apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodhapravRttiyAM pR.saM. 36) jo sacamuca cintanIya hai| premakAvya aura premAkhyAnaka kAvya meM jamIna AsamAna kA antara hai| prema kAvyoM meM prema kI mukhyatA hotIhai, jabaki premAkhyAnaka-kAvya malaukika prema vAlI kathA ke mAdhyama se alaukika prema arthAt IzvarIya prema kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jAtA hai| paumasiri cariu kavi dhAhila ke anasAra, dharmAkhyAna hai jisaka uddezya yaha batAnA hai ki dharma ke lie bhI kiyA gayA kapaTAcaraNa duHkhadAyI hotA hai| yaha mocanA bhI bhrAMtipUrNa hai, ki apabhraza carita-kAvyoM ke nAyaka loka sAmAnya jIvana se Ae haiM, ve saba abhijAtya varga ke haiN| saMskRta jaina purANa-kAvya meM jo pAtra abhijAtyavarga ke haiM, ve apabhraza meM sAmAnyavarga ke kaise ho ge| vastutaH ve puNyasiddha sAmantavarga ke haiN| apabhraza carita-kAvya vastutaH dhavala maMgala gAna se yukta hai| AdhyAtmika guNoM se sambandhita gIta maMgala-gIta hai aura laukika guNoM se sambandhita gIta dhavala-gIta haiN| apabhraza kathA-kAvya ke nAyaka donoM prakAra ke guNoM se alaMkRta hai| AdhyAtmika guNoM se zUnya hone para, inheM prAkRta jana kahA jAegA, jinakA gAna karane para tulasIdAsa kI sarasvatI mAthA pITane lagatI hai| hindI kA rAso-kAvya vastutaH prAkRta jana guNagAna hI hai| carita kAvyoM ke atirikta rAso-kAvya, saMdhikAvya, rUpaka Adi choTI-choTI racanAeM bhI apabhraza meM milatI haiM jo vastutaH carita-kAvyoM ke vighaTana se astitva meM aaii| eka to ye racanAe~ paravartI hai aura dUsare kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se inakA vizeSa mahatva nahIM hai| khaMDakAvya ke rUpa meM rahamAna kA saMdeza-rAsaka upalabdha hai, jo sukhAMta vipralaMbha zrRMgAra kA pratikriyAtmaka-kAvya hai| isameM vikramapura kI eka viyoginI, apane pravAsI pati ke lie prema saMdeza bhejatI hai| jaise hI pathika prasthAna karatA hai ki usakA pati A jAtA hai| yaha vizuddha pAThyakAvya

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130 hai| DA. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ise geya-kAvya samajhate haiN| isameM eka ora sarala muhAvara vAlI bhASA hai aura dUsarI ora UhAtmaka alaMkRta zailI bhI hai| jahAM taka apabhraza carita-kAvyoM ke vastuvarNana kA sambandha hai, usameM yathAsaMbhava purANakAvya aura lokarUDhiyoM kA varNana hai, prakRti-citraNa , deza-nagara-varNana, nadI-vana aura sarovara citraNa, prAtaH kAla sUrya-candra-sAyaMkAla kA varNana, vivAha, bhojana, yaddha, svayaMvara, nArI, jalakrIDA nakha-zikha varNana bharapUra hai| zrotA vaktA zailI aura saMvAda zailI, vizeSarUpa se ullekhanIya hai| unakA aMtima uddezya tIna puruSArthoM kI siddhi ke anaMtara mokSa puruSArtha kI prApti hai| muktaka kAvya mukttaka-kAvya ka rUpa meM eka ora upadeza rasAyana rAsa, carcarI Adi tAlalaya para Azrita meya racanAeM haiM aura dUsarI ora siddhoM ke caryApada hai| jisa prakAra apabhraMza prabandha-kAvya meM carita-kAvya pramukha hai usI prakAra muktaka-kAvya meM dohaa| jaina aura bauddha donoM ke dohAkoza milate haiN| inameM vizuddha AdhyAtmika anubhUtiyoM kI abhivyakti hai| sAvayaSamma-dohA meM jaina gahastha dharma kA nirUpaNa hai, jabaki yogasAra aura paramAtmaprakAza ma saMsAra ke duHkha kA nidAna karate hae kavi UMcI AdhyAtmika kalpanAeM karane lagatA hai| vaha AtmA ko ziva, haMsa aura brahma ke nAma se pukAratA hai, vaha rUpakoM, pratIkoM aura pAribhASika zabdAvalI meM bAta karane lagatA hai, usake anusAra zuddha AtmA hI paramAtmA hai aura vaha mAnava zarIra meM hai, isalie mAnava zarIra tIrtha hai| citta kI zaddhi hI usakA ekamAtra sAdhana hai, AtmA-paramAtmA meM preyasI aura priyatama kA Aropakara kavi isa bAta para aphasosa vyakta karatA hai ki eka hI zarIra meM rahate hue mI. aMga se aga nahIM milaa| "yadi loga pAgala-pAgala kahate haiM to kahane do, tU moha ko ukhADa kara ziva ko paa| Age-pIche Upara jahAM dekhatA haM,vahAM vahI hai|" kahana (kRSNapAda) kahate haiM, duniyA jaga meM bhramita hai, vaha apane svabhAva ko samajhane meM asamartha hai, manuSya ko citta bAMdhatA hai aura vahI mukta karatA hai| saraha kahatA hai, jahAM mana pavana saMcAra nahIM karate, jahAM sUrya aura candramA kA praveza nahIM, he mUrkha, vahAM praveza kara / AdhyAtmika dohoM ke atirikta zRgAra, nIti, prema, vIra, romAMsa aura anyokti se sambandhita dohoM kI kamI nhiiN| bhASA aura viSaya-varNana kI dRSTi se ye dohe do TUka abhivyakti dete haiM, unameM kRtrimatA nahIM hai| dhavala (baila) sAmaMtayama kI svAmI-bhakti kA pratIka hai, svAmI kA bhArI bhAra dekhakara vaha kahatA hai,-'svAmI ne mere do TakaDe kara donoM aura kyoM nahIM jota diyA / guNoM se sampatti nahIM milatI hai, kevala kIrti milatI hai| loga siMha ko kaur3I ke bhAva nahIM kharIdate jaba ki hAthI lAkhoM meM kharIdA jAtA hai|' eka yoddhA giranAra parvata ko ulAhanA detA hai, 'he girinAra,tu ne manameM IrSyA kI, khaMgAra ke mAre jAne parata duzmana para eka zikhara taka nahIM girA skaa|' vIra rasa kI darpoktiyoM kA eka se bar3hakara eka dohA hai| eka vIra patnI yaha kahakara saMtuSTa hai ki,-'yuddha meM usakA pati mArA gayA, kyoMki yadi vaha bhAgakara ghara AtA to use sakhiyoM ke sAmane lajjita honA pdd'taa| aisA yoddhA sacamuca balihArI ke kAbila hai ki, sira ke kadhe para laTaka jAne para bhI, jisakA hAtha kaTArI para hai / ' eka proSita patikA kahatI hai,-"priya ne mujhe jo dina die the, unheM nakha se ginate-ginate merI aMgaliyAM kSINa ho gaI / " eka ora pathika bAdala se kahatA hai, he duSTa bAdala! mata garaja, yadi merI priyA sacamuca prema karatI hogI to mara cukI hogI, yadi prema nahIM karatI, to sneha-hIna hai, vaha donoM taraha se mere lie naSTa hue ke samAna hai / ' kucha muktaka itivRttAtmaka khaNDoM para AdhArita haiM, jaise kozA (vezyA) ko eka jaina muni nepAla se lAkara ratnakaMbala detA hai, vaha use mAlI meM pheMka detI hai, muni soca meM par3a jAtA hai| vezyA kahatI hai-'he muni! tuma kaMbala ke naSTa hone kI cintA karate ho, parantu apane saMyama-rUpI ratna kI cintA nahIM karate / '

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131 niSkarSa kula milAkara apabhraza bhASA aura sAhitya, paramparAgata bhA. AryabhASA aura sAhitya ko hI eka kaDI hai| pUrNarUpa se kAvyAtmaka aura vyApaka bhASA hote hue bhI usakI viSayavastu sImita rahI hai| gadya aura nATakoM ke abhAva kI pUrti vaha, apanI kaDavaka zailI meM unake tatvoM ke saMyojana dvArA karatI hai| usakA bhASAI gaThana AryabhASA kI saMyogAtmaka aura viyogAtmaka sthitiyoM kA saMdhikAla hai| apabhraMza sAhitya kA aMtima caraNa (12 vIM sadI) ke pahile do so sAla naI bhASAoM ke vikAsa ke sAla the| jabaki bAda ke do sau sAla, sAhitya saMkramaNa kAla ke| adhikAMza sAhitya dhArmika hai, vaha bhautika hInatAoM aura durbalatAoM para AtmA kI vijaya citta kA saMyama aura jinabhakti isakA pramukha svara hai| laukika bhAvoM aura rAga-virAga kI pratikriyA bhI, Alocya sAhitya meM vyaktigata stara para aMkita hai| yuga ke sAmAjika aura rAjanItika dvaMdvoM, yahA~ taka ki bAhya AkramaNoM ke prati ye kavi taTastha haiN| apabhraza caritakAvya gIta-tatva ko apane meM samAhAra karake calate haiN| bhAgya kI viDambanA ke prati apabhraza sAhitya kA svara sabase adhika saMvedanazIla aura Akroza pUrNa hai| Alocya sAhitya meM loka aura zAstra, donoM kA samanvaya hai, usakI kalA rasavaMtI aura alaMkRta kalA hai, vIra aura zRMgAra rasa kI pracuratA hote hae bhI usakA anta zAMta rasa meM hotA hai| yuga kI dhArmika saMvedanAoM ko yaha "sAhitya aMkita karatA hai| aMta meM niSkarSarUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai, apabhraza bhASA kI taraha usakA sAhitya bhI A. bhA. AryabhASAoM ke prAraMbhika sAhitya ke liye AdhArabhUta upajIvya rahA hai| isa prakAra apabhraza, bhASA aura sAhitya donoM staroM para, A. bhA. AryabhASAoM aura sAhityoM kI prArambhika rUparacanA aura vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAte haiN|

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apabhraMza sAhitya : vikAsa evaM pravRttiyAM 2. DA. rAjArAma jaina bhAratIya vAGa bhaya kA prArambha vaidikakAla ke una sAdhaka RSiyoM kI vANI se prArambha hotA hai, jinhoMne prakRti kI komala aura raudra zaktiyoM se prabhAvita hokara AzA-nirAzA, harSaviSAda evaM sukha-dukha sambandhI apane udgAra AlaMkArika vANI meM prakaTa kie the| vidvAnoM ne usa vANI ko chAndas bhASA kahA hai / Rgveda evaM atharvaveda kI bhASA vahI chAndas thI, kintu gambhIra adhyayanoM ke bAda bhASA-vaijJAnika vidvAn isa niSkarSa para pahuce haiM ki ukta donoM vedoM kI chAndas bhASA meM bhI paryApta antara hai / unakA abhimata hai ki Rgveda kI bhASA brAhmaNa granthoM kI saMskRta meM DhAlI huI eka sunizcita paramparA - sammata hai, kintu atharvaveda kI bhASA -- janabhASA hai aura isake sAhitya meM paryApta lokatatva pAe jAte haiM / ataeva spaSTa hai ki Arya bhASA aura Arya-sAhitya para draviDa aura muNDA varga kI bhASA aura sAhitya kA prabhAva paryApta rUpa meM par3A hai aura atharvaveda usI prabhAva ko spaSTa rUpa meM abhivyakta kara rahA hai 2 | AryoM ke sAmAjika evaM Arthika parivartanoM ke saMdarbha meM unakI bolacAla kI bhASA bhI badalatI rahI aura dhvanyAtmaka tathA pada-racanAtmaka dRSTi se paryApta vikAsa hotA rahA / brAhmaNa evaM upaniSad kAla meM vaibhASika pravRttiyAM spaSTataH parilakSita hotI haiM / vaidika bhASA para prAcya janabhASA kA itanA adhika prabhAva paDA ki jisase brAhmaNa-granthoM ne asaMskRta evaM prazuddha prAcya prabhAva se apane ko surakSita rakhane kI ghoSaNA kI / kauSItikI brAhmaNa meM udIcya logoM ke uccAraNa kI prazaMsA kI gaI hai aura unheM bhASA kI zikSA meM guru mAnA gayA hai4 | maharSi pANini ne jisa saMskRta bhASA ko zabdAnusAra likhA, vaha udIcya bhASA hI hai / prAcya-bhASA, udIcya bhASA kI duSTi se asaMskRta evaM azuddha thI, kyoMki usa para muNDA evaM draviDa jaisI loka bhASAoM kA paryApta prabhAva thA 5 | vrAtyoM kI nindA jahAM unake yajJa-yAgAdi meM AsthA na rahane ke kAraNa kI gaI hai, vahIM unakI 'dezya - bhASA' bhI usakA eka kAraNa thA / ataeva niSpakSarUpa se yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki chAndasa yuga meM dezya bhASA kI eka kSINa-dhArA pravAhita ho rahI thI, jo Age calakara prAkRta ke nAma se vikhyAta huI / pI. DI. guNe prabhRti aneka bhASAvidoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki 'chAndas' ke samAnAntara koI Street cat thI aura yahI janabhASA pariniSThita sAhitya ke rUpa meM vedoM meM prayukta huI / suprasiddha mahAvaiyAkaraNa pANini ne vaidika saMskRta ko vyAkaraNa ke dvArA anuzAsita kara laukika saMskRta bhASA kA rUpa upasthita kiyA hai / pANini ke vyAkaraNa se spaSTa hai ki chAndasa kI pravRttiyAM vaikalpika thIM / unhoMne ina vikalpoM kA parihAra kara eka sArvajanIna mAnyarUpa upasthita kiyA / veda kI vaikalpika vidhiyAM apane mUla rUpa meM barAbara calatI rahIM, jinake Upara pANinIya-tantra kA aMkuza na rahA aura ye vikasita pravRtiyAM hI 'prAkRta' ke nAma se pukArI jAne lagIM / yahAM yaha dhyAtavya hai ki prAkRta kI utpatti ke sambandha meM sarvamAnya dhAraNA yahI hai ki chAndasa bhASA se ha 1. prAkRta bhASA ( lekhaka - prabodha paNDita ) pR. 13-14 / 2. bhAratIya AryabhASA aura hindI ( caTarjI) pR. sa. 63, 3. tANDya brAhmaNa 1714/ 4. kauSItikI brAhmaNa 716 / 5. saMskRta kA bhASA zAstrIya adhyayana ( banArasa, 1957 I.) pR. 270-271 /6 tulanAtmaka bhASA - vijJAna ( guNe ) pR. 129-130

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133 mukhyatayA prAkRta kA AvirbhAva ya vikAsa huA hai| chAndas ke samAnAntara pravAhita hone vAle janabhASA kI pravRttiyAM pRthaka rUpa meM upalabdha nahIM hai, kintu inakA AbhAsa chAndasa se mila jAtA hai| prAcyA, jo ki 'dezya' yA 'prAkRta' kA mUla hai, usakA vAstavika rUpa kyA thA, isakI nizcita jAnakArI hameM jJAta nahIM hai| mahAvIra evaM baddha ke upadezoM kI bhASA bhI hameM Aja mUlarUpa meM prApta nahIM hai| jo rUpa Aja nizcita rUpa se upalabdha hai, vaha priyadarzI azoka ke bhabhilekhoM kI bhASA kA hI hai, kintu ina abhilekhoM kI bhASA meM bhI ekarUpatA nahIM hai| unameM vibhinna vaibhASika pravattiyAM sannihita haiN| ina abhilekhoM kA prathama rUpa pUrva kI sthAnIya bolI hai, o ki magadha kI rAjadhAnI pATalIputra tathA usake samIpavartI pradeza meM bolI jAtI thI aura jisako sAmrAjya kI antantiIya bhASA kahA jA sakatA hai| prAcyA kA dUsarA rUpa, uttara pazcima kI sthAnIya bolI hai| isakA atyanta prAcIna svarUpa abhilekhoM meM surakSita hai| isa prakAra isI bhASA ko sAhityika prAkRta kA mUlarUpa kahA jA sakatA hai / usakA tIsarA rUpa pazcima kI sthAnIya bolI hai, jisakA rUpa hindukuza parvata ke AsapAsa evaM vindhyAcala ke samIpavartI pradezoM meM mAnA gayA hai| vidvAnoM kA anumAna hai ki yaha paizAcI bhASA rahI hogI yA usIse paizAcI bhASA kA vikAsa haA hogaa| priyadarzI azoka ke abhilekhoM ke ukta mASAkSetroM meM se pUrvIya bhASA kA sambandha mAgadhI evaM ardhamAgadhI ke sAtha hai| yadyapi upalabdha ardhamAgadhI sAhitya kI bhASA meM ukta samasta pravRttiyoM kA astitva upalabdha nahIM hotaa| uttara pazcima kI bolI kA sambandha zaurasainI ke sAtha hai, jisakA vikasita rUpa samrAT khAravela ke zilAlekha, di. jainAgamoM eva saMskRta nATakoM meM upalabdha hotA hai| pazcimI bolI kA sambandha paizAcI ke sAtha hai, jisakA rUpa gaNADhya kI 'vaDDhakahA' meM surakSita thA / bhASAvidoM ne prathama prAkRta ko 'Arya' evaM 'zilAlekhIya' ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai, jinameM se ArSa prAkRta jainAgamoM eva bauddhAgamoM meM upalabdha hai aura zilAlekhIya prAkRta brAhmI aura kharoSThI-lipi meM upalabdha hae zilAlekhoM meM / dvitIya prAkRta meM vaiyAkaraNoM dvArA vivecita mahArASTrI, zaurasainI, mAgadhI aura paizAcI bhASAoM kA sAhitya prastuta hotA hai| mahArASTrI dvitIya prAkRta kI sAhityika pariniSThita bhASA mAnI gaI hai2| mahAkavi daNDI ne mahArASTrIya prAkRta kI paryApta prazaMsA kI hai| vararuci ke 'prAkRta-prakAza' se bhI isa bAta kA samarthana hotA hai ki mahArASTrI prAkRta paryApta samRddha rUpa meM vartamAna thii| yaha bhASA-zailI usa samaya Avindhya-himAlaya bhArata kI rASTrabhASA mAnI jA sakatI hai, yadyapi kucha vicAraka manISI mahArASTrI aura zaurasainI ko do pRthaka pRthak bhASAeM nahIM mAnate, balki eka hI bhASA kI do zailiyAM mAnate haiN| unakA mata hai ki gadya-zailI kA nAma zaurasainI aura padyazailI kA nAma mahArASTrI hai| malataH yaha prAkRta sAmAnya prAkRta hI hai aura zailI-bheda se hI isake do bheda kie jA sakate haiN| 1. de. ASTAdhyAyI ke sUtra-vibhASA chaMdasi 1-2-26 bahulaM chandasi 2-3-62 Adi 2. inTroDakzana TU prAkRta (vaoNlara) pRSTha-2-5/ 3, kAvyAdarza 1134, 4. karpUramaMjurI (kalakattA vi. vi. prakAzana) bhUmikA pU. 76

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134 tIsarI prAkRta ko vaiyAkaraNoM ne apabhraza kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai| kucha logoM kA vicAra... hai ki apanaza eka bhraSTa bhASA hai, para hama isa vicAra se sahamata nahIM haiN| vastutaH apabhraMza vaha pASA hai, jisakI zabdAvalI evaM kAvya-vinyAsa saMskRta zabdAnuzAsana ke niyamoM evaM upa-niyamoM sevanakAsita nahIM hai, jo zabdAvalI dezI-bhASAoM meM pracalita hai tathA saMskRta ke jamboM ke yathArtha uccarita na hone se kucha vikRta rUpa ma uccarita hai, vahI zabdAvalI apabhraMza pApA ke antarmata mAnI jAtI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki maharSi pataJjali ne eka hI saMskRta-zabda ke savAraNa bheda se aneka zabda svIkAra kie haiN|| ataeva apabhraza vaha bhASA hai jisameM prAkRta ... kI tulanA meM apekSAkRta adhika dezI-zabda upalabdha haiM tathA vAkya-racanA evaM anya kaI dRSTiyoM se saralIkaraNa tathA dezIkaraNa kI pravatti adhikatara prApta hotI hai aura jisakI zabdarAzi pANini ke vyAkarama se siddha nahIM hai| IsvI san kI dUsarI sadI ke samartha AcArya bharatamani ne yadyapi apabhraza bhASA kA spaSTa ullekhanahIM kiyA, kintu unhoMne saMskRta evaM prAkRta ke sAtha-sAtha dazya-bhASA2 kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai tathA isI dezya-bhASA meM zabara, AbhIra, cANDAla, draviDa, or3a tathA anya necaroM ko vimASAboM kI bhI ginatI kI hai / ataH bharatamuni kA ukta ullekha apabhraza kI sUcanA detA hai kyoMki Age calakara vividha dezoM meM vividha prakAra kI bhASAoM ke prayoga kiye jAne kA unhoMne ullekha kiyA hai| unake anusAra himAlaya ka AsapAsa sthita pradezoM tathA sindha, sauvIra base dezavAsiyoM ke liye ukAra-bahalA bhASA kA prayoga honA cAhiye / ukAra-bahula zabda bapanA kI hI sarvavidita pravRtti hai / ukta maratamuni kI ukAra-bahulA bhASA-apabhraMza kAvya-bhASA kaba banI, isakA spaSTa uslekha balabhI ke rAjA gharasena dvitIya (678 I. ke lagabhaga) ke dAnapatra meM milatA hai| usake samaya meM prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke sAtha hI apamraza meM bhI kAvya-racanA karanA eka viziSTa pratibhA kA ghotaka prazaMsanIya-cinha mAnA jAne lagA thA / ukta dAna-patra meM dharasena ne apane pitA guhasena (559-569 I.) ko saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraza kAvya-racanA meM pratyanta nipuNa kahA hai| isase zAta hotA hai ki chaThavIM sadI taka apabhraMza bhASA vyAkaraNa evaM sAhitya ke niyamoM se pariniSThita ho cukI thI aura vaha kAvya-racanA kA mAdhyama bana cukI thI / Age calakara mahAkavi dagaDI, rAjazekhara, namisAdha, amaracandra prabhUti AcAryoM ne vividha daSTikoNoM se vicAra kiyA hai bIra unake adhyayana se yahI vidita hotA hai ki isakI dUsarI zatI meM jahAM apabhraMza kA pracchanna mAmollekha mAtra milatA thA aura apANinIya zabdoM ke atirikta apabhraSTa, vikRta yA azuddha sakdamAtra apabhraza kI saMjJA prApta karate the, vahIM IsvI kI chaThavIM-sAtavIM sadI taka vaha sAhityika bAbA ke rUpa meM pracalita ho gaI aura nauvIM-dasavIM sadI taka vaha sarvAdhika sazakta evaM samaddha bhASA ke rUpa meM vikasita ho gaI / usake bAda vahI apabhraza Adhunika deza-bhASAoM ke rUpa meM vikasita hone lagI, yadyapi usakI sAhityika racanAeM pandrahavIM-solahavIM sadI taka calatI rhiiN| apamaMza ke ukta vivecana se yaha spaSTa hai ki chaThI sadI ke anantara usameM sAhityika svanAeM hone lagI thIM, para apabhraza sAhitya kA kramabaddha itihAsa mahAkavi caumaha se prArambhahotA hai aura usake bAda dasavIM sadI se terahavIM sadI ke pUrvArdha taka to isakA svarNakAla hI mAnA jAne lgaa| 1. mahAbhASya 111111 2. nATyazAstra 18122-23 3. bahI 17150 4. nATayazAstra 18147-48 5. iNDiyana e ndIkverI volyUma 10, pRSTha-284

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136 upalabdha apabhraMza sAhitya se yaha siddha hai ki vaha muktaka-kAvya se prArambha hokara prabandhakAvya meM paryavasAna ko prApta huA / yataH sAhitya kI paramparA sadaiva hI muktaka se prArambha hotI hai / prArambha meM jIvana kisI eka do bhAvanA ke dvArA hI abhivyaktiH kiyA jAtA hai para, jaise- jaise jJAna aura saMskRti ke sAdhanoM kA vikAsa hone lagatA hai, jIvana bhI vividhamukhI hokara sAhitya meM prasphuTita hotA hai / saMskRta aura prAkRta meM sAhitya kI jo vividha pravRttiyAM agrasara ho rahI thIM, prAyaH ve hI pravRttiyAM kucha rUpAntarita hokara apabhraMza sAhitya meM praviSTa huI :* phalataH dohA-gAna ke sAtha-sAtha prabandhAtmaka paddhati bhI apabhraMza meM samAhata huI / isa ha mahAkavi caumuha, droNa, IzAna, puSpadanta, dhanapAla prabhUti kavi pramukha haiM / ina kaviyoM ke zAhika kA adhyayana karane se apabhraMza sAhitya kI nimna pramukha pravRttiyAM jJAta hotI haiM:- 1. prabandhakAvya pravRtti 2. AdhyAtmika-kAvya pravRtti, 3. bauddha dohA evaM caryApada tathA 4. zaurya-vIrya evaM praNaya-zrRMgAra kAvya pravRtti / prathama prabandha-kAvya pravRtti ke antargata purANa, carita, kAvya evaM kathA-sAhitya kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai / varNya viSaya kI dRSTi se ina kAvyoM ko paurANika evaM romANTika kAvya rUpa meM ina do vargoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM / mahAkavi svayambhU, puSpadanta eva dhanapALa ye tInoM hI isa vidhA ke "triratna " haiM / inhoMne apabhraMza - sAhitya meM jina prabandha - rUDhiyoM evaM earth sambandhI abhiprAyoM kA grathana kiyA hai, ve uttaravartI apabhraMza-sAhitya ke liye bAbAra hI bana gae haiM / mahAkavi svayaMbhU ke paumacariu meM kAvya kI sarasatA kA pUrNa nirvAha huvA hai / ukta grantha kI aMgrejI prastAvanA meM batAyA gayA hai ki 'rasAtmakatA evaM saundarya utpanna karane ke ye kavi ne vibhinna marmasparzI bhAvoM ke citraNa, prAkRtika dRzyoM evaM ghaTanAoM ke varNana tathA vastu vyApAra ke saMzliSTa aura prAsaMgika nirUpaNa meM paryApta maulikatA eva dhArmika rUDhiyoM se Upara uThakara svatantratA kI pravRtti kA paricaya diyA hai| / ' kAvyArambha meM deva-stuti, viSaya bastu kA nirdeza, apanI asamarthatA evaM dInatA kA nivedana, pUrvakavi-prazaMsA, sajjana prabaMdhana, durjana- nindA, deza evaM nagara varNana ke sAtha hI sAtha rAjanIti, daNDanIti, arthanIti Adi viSayoM kA varNana usa koTi kA hai, jo isa racanA ko prabandha-kAvyoM meM mahatvapUrNa sthAna pradAna karatA hai / mahAkavi puSpadanta kRta mahApurANa 2 nAmamAtra kA hI mahApurANa hai / vastutaH vaha mahAbhArata kI zailI kA vikasanazIla mahAkAvya hai / mahAbhArata ke sambandha meM jo yaha kivadaMtI hai ki --- yadihAsti tadanyatra yannehAsti na tatkvacit' / usI prakAra puSpadanta ke mahApurANa ke sambandha meM svayaM hI kavi ne kahA hai :--- atra prAkRtalakSaNAni sakalA nItiH sthitirachandasAmarthAlaMkRtayo rasAzca vividhAstatvArthanirNItayaH / kiMcAnyadyadihAsti jainacarite nAnyatra tadvidyate dvAvetau bharateza- puSpadazanau siddhaM yayorIdRzam // ( mahApurANa 59 vIM sandhi kA prArambhika phuTanoTa ) ukta kathana se spaSTa hai ki jo yahAM ( ukta mahApurANa meM ) hai, vaha anyatra hai hI nahIM / ataH uddezya kI mahattA, zailI kI udAttatA evaM garimA tathA bhAva-saundarya aura vastu vyApAra varNana Adi kI dRSTi se ukta mahAkAvya meM apUrva rasa vibhora karane kI kSamatA vidyamAna hai / 2. 1. paumacariu (siMdhI sIrIja ) pra. bhA. prastAvanA pRSTha 48 mANikacandra jaina granthamAlA ( bambaI, 1940) dvArA prakAzita

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136 paurANika zailI ke vaiyaktika mahApuruSoM se sambandhita mahAkAvya bhI apabhraza meM likha gae haiN| ina kAvyoM kI pravatti yaha rahI hai ki inameM kisI paurANika yA dhArmika vyakti kI jIvana-kathA jaina-paramparA meM svIkRta zailI meM kahI jAtI hai / kavi apanI kalpanA zakti se kathA ke rUpa meM itanA parivartana kara detA hai ki samasta carita kAvyAtmaka rUpa dhAraNa kara rasamaya bana jAtA hai| isa zreNI ke apabhraMza kAvyoM meM miNAhacariu (haribhadra, 13vIM sadI), bambasAmi cariu (vIra kavi 10 vIM sadI), pAsaNAha cariu (vibudha zrIdhara, 12 vIM sadI), saMtiNAhacariu (zubhakIrti) prabhRti racanAeM pramukha haiN| ina sabhI paurANika kAvyoM kA AloDana karane para nimna sAmAnya pravRttiyAM lakSita hotI haiM : __ 1. prabandha kAvyoM meM prArambha karane kI zailI prAyaH eka sadRza hai| prArambha ma tIrtha karoM kI stuti, pUrvavartI kaviyoM aura vidvAnoM kA smaraNa, sajjana-prazaMsA eva durjananindA, kAvya-racanA meM preraNA evaM sahAyatA karane vAloM kI anuzaMsA, vinamratA athavA dInatA pradarzana, mahAvIra kA rAjagrahI meM samavazaraNa kA Agamana tathA mahArAja zreNika kA usameM pahaMcakara prazna karanA tathA gautama gaNadhara kA uttara denA Adi piSTapeSita sandarbhAza vidyamAna hai| . .. 2. saTha zalAkA mahApuruSoM athavA anya kinhIM puNyazAlI mahApuruSoM ke jIvanacaritoM ko lekara apabhraMza-kaviyoM ne kalpanA ke dvArA yatkiMcit parivartana kara kAvya kA rUpa khar3A kiyA hai| yadyapi DhAMcA saMskRta evaM prAkRta jaisA hI hai, para viSaya-pratipAdana kI zailI unakI apanI nijI hai / 3.', 'carita-nAyakoM aura unase saMbaMdhita vyaktiyoM ke vibhinna janmoM kI kathA ke usa mArmika aMza ko grahaNa kiyA gayA hai, jo loka-jIvana kA Adarza AdhAra ho sakatA hai| yadyapi kvacita bhavAntaroM kA nirUpaNa bhI hai, para saMskRta aura prAkRta kI apekSA unakI nirUpaNa- zailI meM bhI bhinnatA hai| saMskRta aura prAkRta ke kavi jahAM bhavAntaroM kI jhar3I lagA dete haiM, vahAM apabhraza ke paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke racayitA kavi mAtra marmasparzI bhavAntaroM ko hI samAviSTa karate haiN| ___4. ukta bhavAntara-varNana kA mUla kAraNa karmaphala prApti meM aDiga AsthA hI hai aura usakA mukhya uddezya jaina dharma kA upadeza denA hai| pariNAma svarUpa ye sabhI kAvya vairAgyamalaka aura zAntarasa paryavasAyI hai| yataH unake nAyakoM kA sAdhu ho jAnA aura nirvANa prApta karanA Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| ukta zreNI ke kAvyoM meM loka-vizvAsoM aura loka-kathAoM kA paryApta rUpa meM samAveza haA hai| alaukika aura aprAkRtika tatva bhI yatheSTa rUpa meM samAviSTa haiN| yathAdeva, yakSa, rAkSasa, vidyAdhara Adi ke alaukika kAryoM, mattagaja se yaddha, AkAza gamana jaise varNana prAcIna paramparA ke AdhAra para hI varNita haiN| 6. yadyapi paurANika-kAvya dharmaviSayaka hai, para zRgAra aura yuddhavarNana kI paramparA mI prAyaH sabhI kAvyoM meM upalabdha hai| kathA ke bhItara avasara milate hI kavi sandhyA, prabhAta, candramA, nadI, sAgara, parvata, vana Adi kA sundara citraNa upasthita karatA hai| striyoM ke zArIrika saundarya, jala krIDA evaM surati Adi ke varNanoM se bhI paraheja dikhAI nahIM pdd'taa| yaddha-prayANa, kumAra-janma, vivAhotsava Adi ke bhI sajIva citra upalabdha hote haiN| kahIM-kahIM to aisA hotA hai ki kathA-pravAha ko dabA kara vastu-varNana hAvI ho gayA hai / romANTika kAvya kI koTi kI racanAoM meM dhArmikatA aura aitihAsikatA kA saMgama hai| inameM kucha dhArmika mahApuruSoM athavA kAmadeva ke avatAroM ke jIvana-carita varNita haiM aura

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137 kucha vratoM aura mantroM kA phala dikhAne ke liye dRSTAnta ke rUpa meM liye gaye AkhyAna haiN| isa zreNI ke kAvyoM meM puSpadanta kRta NAyakumAra cariu, nayanandi kRta suMdasaNacariu, kanakAmara kRta karakaMDa cariu, lAkha kavi kRta jiNadatta cariu Adi pramukha haiM / dhanapAla kRta bhavisayattakahA ko bhI isa koTi kA kAvya mAnA jA sakatA hai / ina samasta romANTika kAvyoM meM upayukta karakaMDa cariu, NAyakumAra cariu evaM sadasaNacariu prathama zreNI ke romANTika kAvya haiN| ina kAvyoM kA pRthak-pRthak vizleSaNa na kara inakI sAmAnya pravRttiyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya yahAM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. apabhraza ke romANTika-kAvyoM kI pramukha vizeSatA pAtroM ke manovaijJAnika caritracitraNa saMbaMdhI hai, yadyapi nakha-zikha varNana evaM vezabhUSA ke citraNa meM pUrNatayA zRMgArikatA hai| kathAvastu meM romAJca utpanna karane hetu sAhasika-yAtrAeM tathA yuddha evaM prema kA varNana udAtta zailI meM huA hai| 2. apabhraza ke romANTika-kAvyoM kI kathA kA AdhAra pracalita loka-kathAeM aura loka-gAthAeM hai| kaviyoM ne kucha dhArmika bAteM joDakara unheM carita yA kathA kAvya kA paridhAna pahinA diyA hai| nAyaka ko jaina dharma kA bAnA pahinA kara aitihAsikatA aura dhArmikatA ke prayAgarAja meM lAkara upasthita kara diyA hai| 3. romANTika-kAvya eka prakAra se premAkhyAnaka kAvya hai| inameM bIragAthAtmaka kAvyoM ke samAna ddha aura prema ko adhika mahatva diyA gayA hai| yaha loka-gAthAoM aura vIra-gItoM kI pravRtti hai yA jinake cakra se vikasanazIla mahAkAvyoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki apabhraza ke kaviyoM ne dhArmika AvaraNa meM romAJcaka kAvya likhe haiN| ___ 4. prastuta kAvyoM meM kalpanA kI gaganacumbI uDAne evaM atizayoktiyoM kI bharamAra hai| yadyapi unakA AdhAra yathArtha jIvana hai, to bhI kalpanA kI raMgareliyAM AMkhamicaunI khelatI haI dRSTigocara ho jAtI haiN| puSpadanta ke NAyakumAra variu meM nAyaka nAgakumAra saikar3oM rAjakUmAriyoM se vivAha karatAhai, jisakA yathArtha AdhAra yaha hai ki sAmantI vIrayaga meM sAmanta loga yuddha meM vijita rAjAoM kI rAjakumAriyoM se vivAha karate the| isa prakAra bahuvivAha karane kI prathA vikasita thii| kaviyoM ne isI saMbhAvanA ke bala para atizayoktipUrNa ghaTanAoM kA aMkana kiyA hai| 5. sAhasika-kArya, bIhaDa yAtrAeM, ujADa nagara athavA bhayaMkara vana meM akele jAnA, unmata hAthI se akele hI yaddha karanA, yakSa, gandharva aura vidyAdharAdi se yaddha karanA, samadra-yAtrA aura usameM jahAja kA phaTa jAnA Adi kA varNana milatA hai| ye varNana kathA meM romAJca gaNa utpanna karane ke liye usa namaka ke samAna haiM jo vyaJjana ko svAdiSTa banAne ke liye atyanta upayogI hai| 6. paurANika-kAvyoM ke samAna romANTika kAvyoM ke kathAnaka bhI ulajhe hue aura jaTila haiN| kathA ke bhItara kathA kI paramparA jise ki 'kadalIstambhazilpa' kahA jA sakatA hai, sarvatra vartamAna hai| avAntara-kathAoM aura bhavAntaroM kA varNana ina kAvyoM kI eka sAmAnya vizeSatA hai| pUrvajanmoM ke karmoM kA phala dikhAkara zIla kA unnata banAnA eva vartamAna jIvana ko pariSkRta karanA hI ina kAvyoM kA uddezya hai| nAyaka Arambha meM viSayAsakta dikhalAI par3egA, para anta meM virakta hokara sanyAsa grahaNa kara letA hai tathA mukti prApta kara letA hai|

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138 7. apabhraMza ke romANTika-kAvyoM meM kathAnaka rUDhiyoM kA pracara parimANa meM upayoga huA hai, jinameM se nimna rUDhiyAM to atyanta prasiddha haiM :--. (ka) ujADa nagara kA milanA, vahAM kisI kumArI kA darzana honA aura usase vivAha ho jAnA / mavisayatsakahA isakA sundara udAharaNa hai / (kha) prathama-darzana, guNa-zravaNa yA citra-darzana dvArA prema kA jAgRta honaa| yathA bhavisayatta kahA, NAyakumAra cariu, sudaMsaNa cariu Adi / dvIpa-dvIpAntaroM kI yAtrA, samadra meM jahAja kA TUTa jAnA, nAnA prakAra kI bAdhAya aura una bAdhAoM ko pArakara nizcita sthAna para phuNcnaa| yathA bhavisayatta kahA, NAyakumAra cariu, sirivAla kahA Adi / (gha) dohada kaamnaa| yathA karakaMDa cariu / (Ga) paJcAdhivAsitoM dvArA rAjA kA nirvAcana / yathA karakaMDa cariu / (ca) zatru-santApita saradAra kI sahAyatA eva yuddha mola lenaa| yathA karakaMDa cariu, NAyakumAra cariu / (cha) muni-zrApa / yathA karakaMDa cariu, bhavisayatta kahA / (ja) pUrva janma kI smRti ke AdhAra para zatrutA eva mitratA kA nirvAha, pUrva-janma ke upakAroM kA badalA cakAnA tathA janmAntaroM ke dampatiyoM kA pati-patnI ke rUpa meM honA / yathA jasahara cariu, NAyakumAra cariu, karakaMDa cariu, bhavisayatta kahA Adi / zcaritra athavA dhokhebAja patnI kA honA / yathA karakaMDa cariTha, jasahara cariu, sudaMsaNa cariu Adi / (ca) rUpa-parivartana / yathA karakaMDa cariu, bhavisayatta kahA Adi / dUsarI AdhyAtmika kAvya-pravRtti ko kucha vidvAnoM ne rahasyavAdI kAvya-pravRtti bhI kahA hai / isa vidhA meM sabase prAcIna joiMdu kRta paramappayAsu-joyasAru evaM muni rAmasiMha kRta pAhuDadohA tathA sAvayadhammadohA nAmaka dohA-grantha pramukha haiN| apabhraMza ke isa zreNI ke sAhitya para eka ora kundakunda ke samayasAra kA prabhAva hai, to dUsarI ora upaniSad tathA gItA ke brahamavAda kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| isameM AtmA-paramAtmA, samyaktva-mithyAtva evaM bhedAnubhUti kA bahuta hI sundara citraNa huA hai| paramAtmA kA svarUpa batalAte hue kavi joiMdu ne kahA hai:-- veyahiM satyahiM iMdiyahiM, jo jiya muNahu Na jAi / Nimmala jhANahaM jo visau jo paramappu aNAi // (1123) arthAt-kevalI kI divyavANI se, mahAmuniyoM ke vacanoM se tathA indriya evaM mana se bhI zuddhAtmA ko nahIM jAnA jA sakatA, kintu jo AtmA nirmala dhyAna dvArA gamya hai, vahI Adianta rahita paramAtmA hai|

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139 muni rAmasiMha ne rahasyavAda kA bahuta hI sundara aMkana kiyA hai / bhAratIya-paramparA meM jisa rahasyavAda ke hameM darzana hote haiM, vaha rahasyavAda rAmasiMha ke nimna dohe meM spaSTa rUpa se vidyamAna hai :-- hauM saguNI piu NigguNau NillakkhaNu NIsaMgu / ekahiM aMgi vasaMtayahaM miliu Na aMgahiM aMgu // (pAhuDa.-10) arthAt-maiM saguNa haM aura priya nirguNa, nirlakSaNa aura ni:saMga hai / eka hI aMga rUpI aMka arthAta koThe meM basane para bhI aMga se aMga nahIM mila pAyA / tulanAtmaka daSTi se adhyayana karane para avagata hotA hai ki apaghraza kI isa vidhA para yoga evaM tAntrika paddhati kA bhI yatkiJcita prabhAva par3A hai / isameM cit-acit, ziva-zakti, saguNa-nirguNa, akSara, ravi-zazi Adi pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga milatA hai, jo jaina paramparA ke zabda nahIM haiM / ziva-zakti ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai : siva viNa satti Na vAvarai siu puNu satti-vihINu / dohimi jANahi sayalu jagu bujjhai moha vilINu // (pAhuDa.-55) arthAt ziva ke binA zakti kA vyApAra nahIM hotA aura na zakti-vihIna ziva kaa| ina donoM ko jAna lene se sakala jagat moha meM vilIna samajha meM Ane lagatA hai / tIsarI mahatvapUrNa vidhA bauddha-dohA evaM caryA-pada sambandhI hai, jise sandhyAbhASA kI saMjJA bhI prApta hai| siddhoM ne paramAnanda kI sthiti, usa mArga kI sAdhanA evaM yoga-tatva kA varNana pratIkAtmaka bhASA meM kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM, unhoMne tAtkAlika sAmAjika kurItiyoM tathA rUDhiyoM kI nindA ke sAtha brAhmaNa dharma ke pAkhaNDoM kA bhaNDAphoDa kiyA hai| yadyapi ina dohoM meM AdhyAtmika tatva aura dArzanika paramparAyeM nihita haiM, para inameM dhvasAMtmaka-tatva pradhAna rUpa se sajaga haiM, jabaki jaina AdhyAtmika apabhraza dohoM meM tIvra dhvaMsAtmaka rUpa na hokara AdhyAtmika tatva kA nirUpaNa hI upalabdha hotA hai| muni rAmasiMha ne bhI yadyapi ADambara-pUrNa kurItiyoM kA nirAkaraNa kiyA hai, para ve apanI varNana-prakriyA meM ugra nahIM ho pAe haiN| yathA: muMDiya maMDiya muMDiyA siru muMDiu cittu Na muNddiyaa| cittahaM muMDaNu ji kiyau saMsArahaM khaMDaNu ti kiyau ||(paahudd-135) arthAta he muMDa muMDAne vAloM meM zreSTha muDI, tUne sira to muDAyA para citta ko na moddaa| jisane citta kA muNDana kara DAlA usane saMsAra kA khaNDana kara ddaalaa| jaina kavi kaNha yA saraha kI bhAMti apane virodhI ko jora kI DAMTa-phaTakAra nahIM batalAte aura tAntrika paddhati bhI usa rUpa meM samAviSTa nahIM hai, jisa rUpa meM bauddha-dohoM meN| yataH bauddhatAntrikoM ne strI-saMga aura madirA ko sAdhanA kA eka Avazyaka aMga mAnA hai| ina tAntrikoM kI kRpA se hI zaiva aura zAkta sAdhanA meM paMca-makAra ko sthAna prApta huA hai| vajrayAna zAkhA ke kaviyoM ne apanI rahasyAtmaka mAnyatAoM ko strI-saMga saMbaMdhI pratIkoM se vyakta kiyA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bAlA, raNDA, DombI, cANDAlI, rajakI Adi ke sAtha bhoga karanA inhoMne vihita smjhaa| yadyapi yaha satya hai ki yoga-sthiti kA varNana karane ke hetu ve azlIla pratIka canate the para unakA abhipreta artha bhinna hI hotA thaa| bAlA, raNDA ke sAtha sambhoga karane kA artha hai ki kuNDalinI ko suSumnA ke mArga se brahma randhra meM le jaanaa| ataeva spaSTa hai ki bauddha-dohoM ke dvArA apabhraMza-sAhitya meM pratIkAtmaka-rahasyavAda kI eka paramparA prArambha huii| smjhaa| yadyapi yaha savabhinna hI hotA thaa| bAlA, ataeva spaSTa hai ki

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140 caryApada to paravartI- sAhitya ke liye bahuta hI amulya-nidhi siddha hue / ke pada-sAhitya ke vikAsa kI kar3I sahaja meM hI jor3I jA sakatI hai / cauthI kAvya pravRtti zaurya evaM praNaya saMbaMdhI hai, jo apabhraMza dohA-sAhitya meM prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai / DA. hIrAlAla jaina ne isa pravRtti ko bhAvanAtmaka muktaka pravRtti kI saMjJA pradAna kI hai| unhoMne isa pravRtti ke janmadAtA rAjasthAnI cAraNayA bhATa kaviyoM ko batAyA hai / vastutaH isa pravRtti kA darzana hameM mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke 'vikramorvazIya' nAmaka nATaka kI una uktiyoM meM milatA hai, jinameM virahI pururavA apane hRdaya kI mArmika dazA ko vyakta karatA hai| pururavA dekhatA hai ki sAmane se koI haMsa manda gati se calA jA rahA hai / haMsa ko yaha alasagati kahAM se milI ? use sahasA hI urvazI kA jAtA hai aura vaha kaha uThatA hai: --- jaghanabharAla sagamana smaraNa A inhIM padoM se hindI re re haMsA ki goijjai gai aNusAreM maI lakkhijjai / kaI paI sikkhi e gai lAlasa sA paI diTThI jaNabharAlasa // ( vikramorvazIya nATakam 4132 ) pururavA haMsa- yuvA ko haMsinI ke sAtha premarasa ke sAtha krIDA karate hue dekhakara urvazI ke viraha se bhara jAtA hai aura usake mukha se nikala par3atA hai, kAza, maiM bhI haMsa hotA 1. ekaarbhavaDhi aguruarapemmaraseM / sare haMsajuAo kIlai kAmaraseM (vikramorvazIya 4141 ) yahAM yaha smaraNIya hai ki ukta padyoM kI abhivyaJjanA zailI lokagItoM ke atinikaTa hai / uparyukta padya aDilla chanda meM likhA gayA hai, jo apabhraMza kA apanA chaMda hai / ataH yaha niSkarSa nikAlanA kaThina nahIM hai ki apabhraMza kI prabandha-paddhati ke vikAsa meM lokagItoM kA pramukha sthAna rahA hai / kAlidAsa ke praNaya - muktakoM ke uparAnta dUsarI motiyoM kI laDI hameM AcArya hemacandra ke vyAkaraNa- dohoM meM milatI hai / jahAM kAlidAsa ke muktakoM meM TIsa, vedanA aura kasaka hai vahAM hamacandra ke dohoM meM zaurya vIrya kA jvalanta teja, yuvaka-yuvatiyoM ke ullAsa, praNaya- nivedana ke vaividhya evaM ratibhAvoM ke gAmbhIrya dRSTigocara hote haiM / isameM saMdeha nahIM ki hemacandra ke una apabhraMza-dohoM meM loka-jIvana kA tarala citraNa milatA / praNaya ke bholepana aura zaurya kI prauDhI kI jhalaka advitIya hai / hemacandra dvArA udAhRta ina dohoM meM mAtra ramaNI ke viraha meM kumhalAne vAlA prema yA saMyoga kI kasauTI para kanakarekhA kI taraha camakane vAlA prema dikhalAI nahIM detA, kintu prema kA vaha rUpa dRSTigocara hotA hai, jisameM priya apane zaurya aura parAkrama-pradarzana dvArA apanI vIratA se nAyikA ke hRdaya ko jIta letA hai / yahAM zRMgAra-mizrita vIra rasa ke kucha pada uddhRta kiye jAte haiM :-- sahaM dekkhu amhArA kaMtu / aimattahaM catta kusahaM gayakuMbhaI dAraMtu // ( siddhama. 45 ) arthAt jo saikaDoM yuddhoM meM bakhAnA jAtA hai, usa atimatta tyaktAMkuza gajoM ke kumbhasthaloM ko vidIrNa karane vAle mere kanta ko dekho / nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA - aMka 50 pRSTha 108

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141 eka nAyikA yaddhasthala meM apane priyatama ke hAthoM meM karavAla dekhakara prasanna ho jAtI hai / vaha dekhatI hai ki jaba usakI athavA zatruoM kI senA bhAgane lagatI hai taba usake priyatama ke hAthoM meM talavAra camakane lagatI hai : bhaggau dekkhivi niaya-balu balu pasariau parassu / ummillai sasirehaM jivaM kari karavAlu piyassu (siddhahema. 354) hemacandra ke anantara prabandha-cintAmaNi meM kavi muJja ke bhI ukta pravRtti sambandhI kucha pohe upalabdha hote haiM / yahAM vIratA sambandhI do eka udAharaNa prastuta kiye jAte haiM jisase ukta pravRtti kA AbhAsa upalabdha ho sake :-- eha jammu naggahaM giyau bhaDasiri khaggu na bhaggu / tikkhAM turiya na mADiyA gorI gali na laggu / (padya-75) arthAt yaha janma vyartha gayA kyoMki bhaTa ke sira para khaGga bhagna nahIM kiyA, na tIkhe ghor3e para savArI kI aura na gaurI ko gale se hI lagAyA / ApaNaiM prabhu hoiyai kai prabhu kIjai hatthi / kAja karevA mANasaha tIjai magga na atthi // (padya 179) arthAt yA to svayaM apane hI svAmI hoM yA svAmI ko apane hAtha meM kreN| kArya karane vAle puruSa ke liye anya tIsarA koI mArga nahIM / tatpazcAt isI apabhraza se Adhunika bhAratIya lokabhASAoM kA udaya haA jisameM nAgara athavA zaurasenI apabhraMza se usakI prAyaH samasta pravRttiyoM ko lie hue rAjasthAnI bhASA kA vikAsa huA / "rAjasthAna" athavA "rAjasthAnI" zabda yugoM-yugoM taka hamAre gaurava kA pratIka-cinha rahA hai kyoMki usa pUNyabhami para nirmita vividha sAhitya adhyAtma-jagata meM to sarvopari rahA hI, sAtha hI svAbhimAna, saMskRti evaM deza-gaurava kI surakSA kI kahAnI ke rUpa meM bhI vaha mahAmahima rahA hai| usake zaurya-vIrya pUrNa sAhitya se prabhAvita hokara karnala TADa ne likhA hai ki "rAjasthAna meM koI choTA sA rAjya bhI aisA nahIM hai ki jisameMtharmApilI jasI raNabhami na ho aura na hI aisA koI nagara athavA grAma hai jahAM lAiyoniDasa jaisA vIra mahApuruSa utpanna na huA ho / " tAtparya yaha hai ki rAjasthAnI bhASA meM 12vIM-13vIM sadI se hI aise sAhitya kA sajana hotA rahA hai jisameM eka aura to jaina kaviyoM dvArA zAntarasa kI avicchinna-dhArA pravAhita rahI aura dUsarI ora mugaloM ke AkramaNoM ke bAda raNa meM jUjhane vAle lakSa-lakSa rASTrapremI AbAla-baddha nara-nAriyoM kI vIra-gAthAoM ko lekara rAjasthAnI kaviyoM ne apane vividha vIra kAvyoM kI racanAeM kI aura zRgAra evaM vIra rasa ko nayA oja pradAna kiyA / samagra rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA adhyayana karane se pratIta hotA hai ki vaha yuga-yuga kI pukAra ke anusAra eka yojanAbaddha 'TIma-varka' ke rUpa meM vikasita huA hai| rAjasthAnI kaviyoM sthAna evaM rAjasthAnI-bhASA. rAjasthAnI-saMskRti, rAjasthAnI-itihAsa, rAjasthAnI-loka paramparAyeM tathA adhyAtma, dharma, darzana evaM vicAradhArAoM tathA sama-sAmayika paristhitiyoM ke anasAra samAja evaM deza ko udabodha dene hetu apanI-apanI zakti evaM pratibhA ke anasAra sAhitya sRjana kiyA hai| phira bhI adhyayana kI suvidhA se use tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai :-- 1. rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya 2. rAjasthAnI cAraNa bhAToM dvArA likhita sAhitya evaM 3. rAjasthAnI laukika sAhitya /

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142 prAcInatA prAmANikatA evaM parimANa meM rAjasthAnI jaina-sAhitya jaina-saMskRti kA poSaka hone para bhI bhASA-vaijJAnika daSTi se atyanta prAmANika hai, kyoMki rAjasthAnI bhASA ke vikAsa ke sAtha hI jaina kaviyoM ne usameM apanI racanAeM Arambha karadI thii| ataH prArambhika rAjasthAnI bhASA meM likhe jAne tathA una racanAoM kI samakAlika pratilipiyAM suzikSita evaM gRhatyAgI sAdhaka yatiyoM dvArA likhita hone se ve rAjasthAnI bhASA ke bhASA-vaijJAnika adhyayana kI dRSTi se atyanta mahatvapUrNa haiN| vardhamAnasari kRta 'vardhamAna pAraNau' jaisI aneka racanAeM rAjasthAnI ke udaya kAla meM likhI gii| tatpazcAt rAsA-sAhitya meM bharatazvara bAhubAlA bharatezvara bAhabali rAsa, baddhi rAsa, jIvadayA rAsa, Aba rAsa evaM dhavalagIta jasA anaka racanAeM isI koTi meM likhI gaI sAtha hI vividha kathA. carita, AkhyAna tathA chanda, alakAra aura ntha likha jAte rhe| yaha krama magala-AkramaNoM ke pUrva taka tIvra gati se calatA rahA / usake vA viSama rAjanaitika uthala-pathala kI sthiti meM cAraNa-bhAToM ne raNa-bAMkuroM meM raNa-joza jagAne hetu vIrocita aneka kAvyoM kA praNayana kiyA, jo varSoM taka kaNTha-paramparA meM hA pracalita bane rhe| kucha vidvAnoM ne rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM para sampradAyavAda kA doSAropaNa kiyA hai / usakA mUla kAraNa rAjasthAnI kaviyoM kI vividhamakhI sAhityika racanAoM ke prati una (doSAropaNA karane vAloM) kI sarvathA anabhijJatA hI kahI jAnI caahiye| sAdhana-sAmagrI ke abhAva athavA svayaM ke pramAdavaza sambhavataH unheM yaha jAnakArI prApta nahIM ho sakI ki jaina kavi nirantara mA rahe haiN| unhoMne jaina viSayoM para mAtra isaliye hI nahIM likhA hai ki ve jaina the, balki isaliye likhA hai ki jainadharma evaM darzana rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta ke pramukha dharma-darzanoM meM se eka thA tathA vahAM para jainamiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI paryApta tho / ataH usa yuga kI mAga kA pUrNa karane ke liye hI use eka vidhA ke rUpa meM likhA gayA, jo jainadharma, darzana, AcAra evaM adhyAtma ko to puSTa karatA hI hai sAtha hI vaha bhASAtmaka pravRttiyo, sAhAtya zoliyoM, vividha kathAoM, caritoM, AkhyAnoM, chandabhedoM tathA alaMkAra, rasa evaM rAtinasakhAtA ra, kabIra evaM tulasI sAhitya kA sAhitya ka vikAsa-kSetra meM jo anudAna hai, rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM ke anadAna unase kama nahIM mAna jA da rAjasthAnI jaina kavi sampradAyavAdI tathA ekAMgI vicAradhArA vAle hote to dalapata, hemaratna, labadhodaya, kuzala lAbha. rAjasoma, somasundara, vidyAkuzala, cAra nA jana kavi (khumAnarAso, gorA bAdala caupaDa Adi) jainettara racanAeM kabhI na likht| jana kavi mahaNota naNasI yadi rAjasthAnI khyAteM na likhate to rAjasthAna evaM gajarAta kA itihAsa likhA jAnA bhI sambhava na hotA / rAThoroM kI khyAteM. rAThoroM kI vaMzAvaliyAM tathA prabandhakAza, ghanacantAmaNi purAtana-prabandha-saMgraha, kumArapAla pratibodha prabhati grantha rAjasthAna evaM gujarAta ka itihAsa ke liye hI nahIM apita bhAratIya-sAhitya evaM itihAsa ke bhI sAta-sadabha gaya hai / jaina kavi bhAnucandra siddhicandra gaNi ne lohe ke cane samajhI jAne vAlI bANabhaTTakRta kAdambarI kI sarala saMskRta TIkA na likhI hotI. to vaha sambhavataH lupta-vilupta athavA apaThita evaM aprakAzita hI rahatI / isI prakAra lIlAvatI bhASA caupai, gaNitasAra caupaha, sArasvata bAlAvabodha, vattaratnAkara bAlAvabodha, rasikapriyA bAlAvabodha, amaruzataka TAkA, krisanabalIrukmiNI TIkA, mAdhava nidAna TababA, camatkAra cintAmaNi bAlAvabodha, agaphurakana caupai, muhurta cintAmaNi bAlAvabodha, hIrakalaza, cANakyanIti TababA, hIyAlI, UMdararAsA, sA, locana kAjala saMvAda, kaparamaMjarI, DholAmAru, bhoja caritra, vikramacaritra, vilhaNapaMcAzikA, sadayavatsasAliMgA caupai prabhati racanAyeM esI hai, jo jainetara viSayoM se sambandhita haiM, kintu ve sabhI rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM dvArA likhita haiM aura ve rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI sarvopari racanAeM bhI siddha haI hai| vastutaH jaina kaviyoM ke sammukha janAjana kA bhedabhAva na thaa| unake sammakha to eka hI daSTikoNa thA--rAjasthAnI-bhASA, rAjasthAnI-sAhitya, lokamaMgala, savoM daya evaM samanvaya kI bhAvanA ko jAgata kara unake Adarza rUpoM ko adhikAdhika lokopayogI banAkara unakA sahaja rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa / apane isI

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143 lakSya kI pUrti meM jaina kavi vyaktigata sukha-suvidhAoM kI bhI nirantara upekSA karate rhe| aise ziromaNi mahAkaviyoM meM samayasundara, jinaharSa, jinasamudrasUri (baMgaDa), hAlU, kuzalalAbha, jinadattasUri, vinayasamudra, matisAgara, labadhodaya, sumatihaMsa, siMhagaNi, baccharAja, mAnasAgara, sAraMga, lakSmIvallabha, hIrAnanda, kezava, dhelha, Anandadhana prabhati pramukha haiN| ye nizcaya hI aise sarasvatI-putra haiM jinhoMne apane sAhitya-sAdhanA dvArA rAjasthAnI-apabhraza ke mAdhyama se rASTrabhAratI kI vedikA ko dhotita kara use mahAya'dAna diyA hai| rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM ne rAjasthAnI jainetara kaviyoM kI kamI pUrti to kI hI, unhoMne rAjasthAnI sAhitya-zailiyoM kA konA-konA bhI chAna mArA aura unheM jahAM jo riktatA kA anubhava huA use pUrA hI nahIM kiyA balki pratyeka vidhA meM unhoMne bharamAra jaisI hI krdii| yadi unhoMne chandazAstra para kucha likhA to sAmAnya rUpa se hI nahIM balki svarasaMgIta kI daSTi se pRthaka, varNa-saMgIta kI dRSTi se pRthak aura sarala saMgIta kI dRSTi se pRthak rUpa se racanAeM kI / yadi unhoMne kathAoM yA AkhyAnoM para racanAeM kI to unameM bhI sAmAnya rUpa se hI nahIM, balki dhArmika, sAmAjika, aitihAsika, upadezAtmaka, manoraMjanAtmaka, alaukika, naitika, pazupakSi sambandhI, zApa-varadAna viSayaka, vyavasAya sambandhI, yAtrA-sambandhI, mantra-tantra-sambandhI, viziSTa nyAya viSayaka, kAlpanika evaM prakIrNaka Adi viSayoM ke vargIkaraNa karake tadanusAra sahasroM-sahasroM kI mAtrA meM kathAeM likha DAlIM / ye kathAeM itanI sarasa, mArmika evaM lokapriya huI ki kucha ne to deza kI paridhi bhI lAMgha DAlI aura sudUra eziyA evaM yorupa meM jAkara vahAM ke sAhitya ko kucha sthAnIya parivartanoM ke sAtha ve usakI pramukha aMga bana gii| af hindI isa prakAra rAjasthAnI bhASA kA yaha sAhitya vastutaH paravartI apabhraza ke bahumukhI vikAsa evaM vividha pravattiyoM kI rasavatI kahAnI tathA sAhityika itihAsa kI akSayanidhi hai sAhitya ke itihAsakAra ise hindI-sAhitya ke mahAmahima prathama adhyAya-AdikAla ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate hai / yathArthatA yaha hai ki apabhraza sAhitya itanA vizAla, yugAnugAmI tathA lokAnugAmI rahA hai tathA usakA parivAra itanA vistRta rahA hai ki hara prAMta evaM hara bolI vAloM ne use apanA-apanA nAma dekara tathA apanI madrA lagAkara use apanA hI ghoSita kiyA hai / vikasanazIla lokabhASA kA yahI pradhAna gaNa bhI hotA hai / paravartI apabhraza ke isa rUpa evaM paridhi ke vistAra meM rAjasthAnI kaviyoM, vizeSatayA rAjasthAnI jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna kabhI bhI vismata nahIM kiyA jA sakegA /

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apabhraMza ke sAhityakAra 3 -DA. devendrakumAra zAstrI prAcInakAla meM Takka, bhAdAnaka, mAlavA aura maidapATa se saMyukta marubhUmi na kevala zUravIratA ke lie raNa-bhUmi meM rAjapUtAnA kI Ana-bAna ko gaurava pradAna karane vAlI thI, balki vibhinna viSayoM kI sAhitya-sarjanA meM bhI Urjasvita svaroM ko mukharita karane vAlI thI / yuddha-kSetra meM raNa-bAMkuroM kI bhAMti isa pradeza ke sAhityakAroM meM bhI vANI kI tejasvitA thI, jo satata jana-cetanA ko jAgRta karatI rahI hai| yahAM kI bhASA bhI sadA ojasphuraNa vAlI rahI hai| oja guNa ke anukUla hI mUrdhanya vargoM kI pradhAnatA isI pravRtti kI sUcaka hai| isI prakAra se rAjasthAnI ta tathA pluta Adi kA prayoga apane nirAlepana ko sUcita karate haiN| rAjasthAna se apabhraza kA pUrAnA sambandha rahA hai| apabhraza bhArata ko pazcimottara pradeza kI bolI thii| jyoM-jyoM samaya bItatA gayA yaha bolI dakSiNa-pUrva meM phailatI gii| isake prasAra kA sambandha AbhIroM se batAyA jAtA hai| isa deza ke kaI pradezoM meM AbhIroM kA rAjya raha cukA hai| nepAla, gujarAta, mahArASTra aura pazcimI sImAnta pradezoM meM kaI prAbhIra rAjAoM kA rAjya thaa| AcArya bharata muni ne himAlaya kI tarAI, sindha pradeza aura sindhu nadI ke pUrvavartI ghATI pradeza meM basane vAle vanacaroM kI bhASA ko AbhIrokti kahA hai| rAjazekhara apabhra za kA kSetra sampUrNa rAjapUtAnA, paMjAba (pUrva meM vyAsa nadI se pazcima meM sindha nadI taTa kA pradeza) aura bhAdAnaka (bhadAvara) prAnta batAte haiN| isa se yaha spaSTa hai ki dasavIM zatAbdI meM apabhraza rAjasthAna meM bolI jAtI thii| pAMcavIM-chaThI zatAbdI meM yahAM prAkRta bhASA kA pracalana thaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI se apabhraza ke spaSTa ullekha milane lagate haiN| dasavIM zatAbdI taka Ate Ate yaha vibhinna nAma-rUpoM ko grahaNa karane lagatI hai| vastusthiti yaha hai ki Adhunika bhAratIya AryabhASAoM ke lie apabhraza eka sAmAnya bhUmikA rahI hai| isalie koI kSetrIya zabda-rUpoM ke sAtha ise janI gujarAtI kahatA hai, to koI prAcIna pazcima rAjasthAnI nAma se abhihita karatA hai, to koI dezI bhASA yA avahaTTa kahatA hai| samaya-samaya para alaga-alaga nAma vibhinna sthiti ke sUcaka rahe haiN| "kuvalayamAlAkahA" ke vizeSa adhyayana se patA lagatA hai ki AThavIM zatAbdI meM rAjasthAna meM apabhraza bola-cAla kI bhASA thii| DaoN. griyarsana tathA anya bhASAzAstriyoM ke anusAra apabhraza ke kSetrIya rUpa TheTha boliyAM rahIM haiN| apabhraMza ne chaThI zatAbdI meM hI sAhitya kA sthAna prApta kara liyA thA / apabhraza ke suprasiddha mahAkavi svayambhUna camukha, dhUrta, mAuradeva, dhanadeva, Aryadeva, chailla, govinda, zuddhazIla aura jinadAsa Adi kA lekha kiyA hai, jo una ke pUrvavartI kavi haiN| ina meM se caturmukha aura govinda kRSNaviSayaka prabandhakAvya kI racanA kara cuke the| govinda zvetAmbara jaina the aura caturmukha digambara jaina AmnAya ke the| anumAna yaha kiyA jAtA hai ki govinda saurASTra ke nivAsI the aura caturmukha rAjasthAna ke the| mahAkavi dhavala ne kRSNakathA (harivaMzapurANa) kI racanA caturmukha ke prabandhakAvya ko dhyAna meM rakha kara kI thii| isa prakAra apanaza bhASA aura sAhitya se rAjasthAna kA prArambha se hI rAgAtmaka sambandha rahA hai / kavivara hariSeNa rAjasthAna ke di. jaina apabhraMza-kaviyoM meM kavivara hariSeNa kA samaya tathA sthAna nizcita pa se jJAta hai| una kA janma rAjasthAna ke cittauDa nagara meM huA thaa| rAjasthAna ke hI prasiddha

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145 vaMza dhakkaDa (dharkaTa) ko unhoMne vibhUSita kiyA thaa| isa vaMza meM prAkRta tathA apabhraza ke aneka kavi hue| kavi ne isa kula kA varNana nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kiyA hai:-- iha mevADa- desI- jaNa-saMkuli, siriujahara - Niggaya- dhakkaDakuli / una ke pitA kA nAma govarddhana thA, jo cittauDa meM rahate the| una kI mAtA kA nAma gaNavatI thaa| kavivara hariSeNa cittauDa meM hI rahate the| kisI kArya se ve eka bAra acalapUra ge| yaha acalapUra vartamAna meM AbU honA caahie| vaise to rAjasthAna meM acalapura nAma se kaI grAma haiM, kintu kavivara ne "jiNahara-pauraho" kaha kara jisa acalapura kA saMketa kiyA hai, vaha Ajakala kA acalagaDha hai| yahAM para aneka jina-mandira haiM jo itihAsa-prasiddha haiN| budha hariSeNa ne acalapura meM raha kara "dharmaparIkSA" kI racanA kI thii| kavi ke hI zabdoM meM siri-cittauDu caivi acalauraho, gayau NiyakajjeM jiNahara-pauraho / tahiM chaMdAlaMkAra - pasAhiya, dhammaparikkha eha teM sAhiya // (antya prazasti) kAvya kI racanA pUrva-nibaddha prAkRta gAthA meM jayarAma kavi kI "dharmaparIkSA" ke AdhAra para kI gaI thii| kavivara hariSeNa ne 'dharmaparIkSA" kI racanA paddhaDiyA chanda meM vi.saM. 1044 meM kI thii| kavi ne svayaM nirdeza kiyA hai: vikkamaNiva parivattie kAlae, gaNae varisa sahasacautAlae / iu uppaNNu bhaviyajaNa suhakaru, DaMbharahiya dhammAsaya-sAyaru // yaha kAvya gyAraha sandhiyoM meM nibaddha hai| isa meM kula 238 kaDavaka hai| pUrvavartI kaviyoM meM caturmukha, svayambhU, puSpadanta, siddhasena aura jayarAma kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kAvya meM manovega aura pavanavega ke rocaka saMvAda ke mAdhyama se jainadharma kI utkRSTatA nirUpita kI gayI hai| apabhraMza meM isa racanA ke pazcAt bhaTTAraka zrutakIrti kRta "dharmaparIkSA" kI racanA huI jisakA racanA-kAla vi. saM. 15 5 2 kahA gayA hai| yaha kAvya kavivara hariSeNa kI "dharmaparIkSA" ke AdhAra para likhA gyaa| kathAnaka kA hI nahIM, varNana kA bhI anagamana kiyA gayA hai| ataeva donoM meM bahuta kucha sAmya lakSita hotA hai| yadyapi adyAvadhi isa ko eka hI apUrNa prati upalabdha hai, kintu usake AdhAra para DA. jaina ne ullekha kiyA hai ki prastuta kRti kA kathAnaka hariSeNa kRta dasavIM sandhi ke chaThe kaDavaka taka pAyA jAtA hai| anantara usI sandhi meM gyAraha kaDavaka aura haiM, phira gyArahavIM sandhi meM sattAIsa kaDavakoM kI racanA hai, jina meM zrAvakadharma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| yaha bhAga zrutakIrti kRta "dharmaparIkSA" se vicchinna ho gayA hai| sambhavataH vaha sAtavIM sandhi meM hI pUrA ho gayA hogaa| kavivara hariSeNa kI "dharmaparIkSA" niHsandeha manoraMjaka hai| paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ke zabdoM meM 'vaha paurANika kathAnakoM ke avizvasanIya tathA asambaddha citraNa se bharapUra hai aura una AkhyAnoM ko asaMgata batalAte hue jainadharma ke prati AsthA utpanna kI gaI hai"| kintu usameM purANa granthoM ke mUla vAkyoM kA koI ullekha nahIM haiN| 1. DA.hIrAlAla jaina :zrutakIti aura una kI dharmaparIkSA, anekAnta meM prakAzita lekha, anekA ___ kAnta, varSa 11, kiraNa 2, pR. 106 / 2. jaina grantha prazasti-saMgraha, pR. 52 /

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mahAkavi dhanapAla jaina sAhitya meM dhanapAla nAma ke kaI sAhityakAroM kA ullekha milatA hai| paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ne dhanapAla nAma ke cAra vidvAnoM kA paricaya diyA hai| / ye cAroM hI bhinna-bhinna kAla ke vidvAna hye| inameM se do saMskRta bhASA ke vidvAna the aura do apabhraMza ke| prathama dhanapAla saMskRta ke kavi rAjA bhoja ke Azrita the, jinhoMne dasavIM zatAbdI meM 'tilakamaMjarI' aura 'pAiyalacchInAmamAlA" granthoM kI racanA kI thii| dvitIya dhanapAla terahavIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiN| unake race haye granthoM meM se abhI taka "tilakamaMjarIsAra" kA hI patA laga pAyA hai| tatIya dhanapAla apabhraMza bhASA meM likhita "bAhubalicarita" ke racayitA haiN| inakA samaya pandrahavIM zatAbdI kahA gayA hai| ye gajarAta ke puravADa vaMza ke tilaka svarUpa the| ina kI mAtA kA nAma sahaDA devI aura pitA kA nAma suhaDaprabha thaa| caturtha dhanapAla kA janma dhakkaDa vaMza meM huA thaa| inakA koI vizeSa paricaya nahIM milatA hai| inake pitA kA nAma mAtezvara aura mAtA kA nAma dhanazrI thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki inheM sarasvatI kA vara prApta thaa| inakI racI haI eka mAtra prasiddha racanA "bhavisayattakahA" (bhaviSyadattakathA) upalabdha hotI hai| anya kisI racanA ke nirmANa kA na to ullekha milatA hai aura na koI saMketa hii| patA nahIM, kisa AdhAra para DA. kAsalIvAla ne kavi dhanapAla kI janma-bhUmi cittauDagaDha mAnI hai2 / isakA eka kAraNa to yaha kahA jAtA hai ki kavi dhanapAla kA janma usI dhakkaDa kula meM huA thA, jisa meM "dharma parIkSA" ke kavivara hariSeNa aura mahAkavi vIra kA janma huA thaa| yaha vaMza adhikatara rAjasthAna meM pAyA jAtA hai, isaliye yaha anumAna kara lenA svAbhAvika hai ki kavi kA janma rAjasthAna meM haA hogaa| isake atirikta bhaviSyadatta kathA meM kucha rAjasthAnI bhASA ke zabda bhI pAye jAte haiN| hamArI jAnakArI ke anusAra "tImaNa" tImana yA temana miSThAna kevala rAjasthAna meM hI pAyA jAtA hai| rAjasthAnI saMskRti ke abhivyaMjaka nidarzanoM se bhI yaha sucita hotA hai ki kavi dhanapAla rAjasthAna ke nivAsI hoNge| rAjapUtI Ana-bAna aura zAna kA jo citraNa mahAkavi dhanapAla ne kiyA hai, vaha atyanta sajIva aura hRdayagrAhI hai| ataeva rAjasthAna ke prati unakA viziSTa anurAga abhivyaMjita hai| paM. lAkhU paM. lAkha viracita "jinadattakathA" apabhraza ke kathAkAvyoM ma eka uttama racanA mAnI jAtI hai| kavi kA janma rAjasthAna meM huA thaa| ve kucha samaya taka AgarA aura bAMdIkuI ke bIca rAyabhA meM rhe| hamAre vicAra meM paM. lAkhU ke bAbA rAyabhA ke nivAsI the| ve jaisavAla vaMza ke the| kisI samaya ve saparivAra tahanagaDha meM Akara basa gaye the| tahanagaDha bayAnA se pazcima-dakSiNa meM pandraha mIla dUra hai| isakA prAcIna nAma tribhuvanagiri hai| karaulI rAjya ke mala saMsthApaka rAjA vijayapAla the| unhoMne 1040 I. meM vijayamandiragaDha nAmaka darga kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| vijayapAla mathurA ke yaduvaMzI rAjA jayendrapAla yA indrapAla (966992 I.) ke gyAraha putroM meM se eka thaa| isI vijayapAla ke aThAraha putroM meM se eka atyanta parAkramI tihaNapAla nAma kA rAjA huaa| tribhavanagiri yA tahanagaDha isa tihaNapAla rAjA ne basAyA thaa| tahanagaDha ma prAcIna kAla se yaduvaMzI rAjAoM kA rAjya rahA hai| aitihAsika 1. paM. paramAnanda jaina zAstrI : dhanapAla nAma ke cAra vidvAna kavi, anekAnta, kiraNa 7-8 pa. 82 / 2. DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : grantha evaM granthakAroM kI bhUmi-rAjasthAna, anekAnta, varSa 15, kiraNa, 2, pR. 78 / 3. draSTavya hai : bhavisayattakahA tathA apabhraMza-kathAkAvya, pR. 102-141 / 4. DA. jyotiprasAda jaina : zodhakaNa, "jaina sandeza" zoghAMka, bhAga 22, saMkhyA 36, pa. 811

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147 ullekha ke anusAra vijayapAla ke uttarAdhikArI dharmapAla aura dharmapAla ke uttarAdhikArI ajayapAla hue / mahAbANa prazasti ke anusAra 1150 I. meM ajayapAla kA vahAM rAjya thaa| / paramparA ke anusAra ajayapAla ke putra va uttarAdhikArI harapAla the / mahAvana meM 1170 I. kA harapAla kA zilAlekha bhI milA hai2 | harapAla ke putra kozapAla the, jo lAkha ko pitAmaha the / kozapAla ke putra yazapAla the / yazapAla ke putra lAhaDa the| unakI bhAryA kA nAma jinamatI thA / una donoM ke alhaNa, gAhula, sAhula, sohaNa, rayaNa, mayaNa, aura sataNa nAma ke sAta putra huye / inameM se sAhula paM. lAkha ke pitA the| isa prakAra kavi ke pUrvaja yaduvaMzI rAjagharAne se saMbaMdhita the / racanA kI prazasti se spaSTa hai ki kosavAla yAdavavaMza ke rAjA the aura unakA yaza cAroM ora phailA huA thA / kavi ke zabdoM meM- jAyasahovaMsa uvaraNasiMdhu guNagaruamAla mANikkasiMdhu / jAyaa rraNAhaho kosavAla jayarasamuddiya digacakkavAla || kavi kI prArambhika racanA isama candana SaSThI vrata kA kavi kI racI huI tIna racanAoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai / "caMdaNachaTThI kahA " hai jo eka itivRttAtmaka laghukAya racanA hai / mAhAtmya evaM phala varNita hai / dUsarI "jinadattacarita" vi. saM. 1275 kI racanA hai| tIsarI " aNuvratapradIpa" kA racanA - kAla vi. saM. 1313 hai| jinadatta kathA eka sazakta racanA hai, jisameM saMskRta kAvya-racanA kI tulanA meM prakRti kA rilaSTa varNana tathA alaMkRta zailI meM rUpa - varNana Adi citrabaddha rUpoM meM lakSita hote haiM / kavi kI sabase sundara tathA sajIva racanA yahI haiM / muni vinayacanda muni vinayacanda ne "cUnaDIrAsa" nAmaka kAvya kI racanA tribhuvanagaDha meM ajayanarendra ke vihAra meM baiTha kara racI thii| ajayanarendra tahanagaDha kA rAjA kumArapAla kA bhatIjA thA, jo rAjA kumArapAla ke anantara rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI banA thA / tribhuvanagiri yA tahanagaDha vartamAna meM karaulI se uttara-pUrva meM caubIsa mIla kI dUrI para avasthita hai / terahavIM zatAbdImeM vahAM para yAdava vaMzIya mahArAjA kumArapAla rAjya karate the / vi. saM. 1252 meM vahAM musalamAnI rAjya sthApita ho gayA thA / tribhuvanagiri jayapura rAjya kA tahanagaDha hI hai / "cUnaDIrAsa " meM 32 padya haiN| cUnaDI yA cunaDI chapI huI sADI ko kahate haiM / prastuta kRti meM cUnaDI ke rUpaka se eka gItakAvya kI racanA kI gaI hai| rAjasthAna kI mahilAyeM vizeSa rUpa se cUnaDI oDhatI 1 koI mugdhA yuvatI muskarAtI huI apane priyatama se kahatI hai ki, he subhaga ! Apa jina mandira padhAriye aura mere Upara dayA kara zIghra hI eka anupama cUnaDI chapavA dIjiye, jisasa maiM jinazAsana meM vicakSaNa ho jAUM / sundarI yaha bhI kahatI hai ki, yadi canaDI chapavA kara nahIM lA deMge, to vaha chIpA mujha para phabtI kasegA aura ulhAnA degA | pati ina vacanoM ko suna kara kahatA hai - he mugdhe ! usa chIpA ne mujha se kahA hai ki maiM jaina siddhAnta ke bharapUra eka sundara cUnaDI zIghra hI chApa kara dUMgA / rahasya 1. da sTragala phAra impAyara, bhAratIya vidyAbhavana prakAzana, prathama saMskaraNa, pR. 55 | 2. vahI, pR. 55 / " 3. agaracanda nAhaTA : tribhuvanagiri va usake vinAza ke saMbaMdha meM vizeSa prakAza, anekAna 8-12, pR. 457 /

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148 cunaDIrAsa ke atirikta 'NijjharapaMcamIkahArAsa' aura 'paMcakallANarAsu' bhI mani vinayacanda kRta racanAyeM upalabdha hotI hai| nirjharapaMcamIkathA rAsa kI racanA tribhavanagiri kI talahaTI meM baiThakara kI thii| isama nirjharapaMcamI vrata kA mAhAtmya tathA phala batalAyA gyaa| racanA saMkSipta tathA sUndara hai| paMcakalyANaka rAsa meM jaina tIrthakaroM ke pAMca kalyANakoM kI tithiyoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| racanA-kAla terahavIM zatAbdI anumAnita hai| kavi Thakkura kavi Thakkura solahavIM zatAbdI ke apabhraMza tathA hindI bhASA ke kavi the| ina kA janma sthAna cATas (rAjasthAna) kahA jAtA hai| inakI jAti khaNDelavAla tathA gotra ajamerA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma "ghelha" thA, jo svayaM eka acche kavi the| kavi kA racanA-kAla vi. saM. 1578-1585 kahA gayA h| paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ke anusAra kavi ne pi. saM. 1578 meM ."pArasa zravaNa sattAisI" nAmaka eka racanA banAI thI, jo aitihAsika vivaraNa prastuta karatI hai| kavi ne isameM AMkhoM dekhA varNana kiyA hai| inake atirikta jina cauvIsI, kRpaNacaritra (vi. saM. 1580), paMcendriyabeli (vi. saM. 1585) aura nemIzvara kI beli Adi racanAyeM mI banAI thiiN| parantu DA. kAsalIvAla ne kavi kI upalabdha nau racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai-inakI eka racanA buddhiprakAza kucha samaya pUrva ajamera ke bhaTTArakIya zAstrabhaNDAra meM upalabdha huI thii| ThakkurasI kI aba taka 9 racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM, jinake nAma nimna prakAra haiM2-- (1) pArzvanAtha zakunasattAvIsa (vi. saM. 1575), meghamAlAvratakathA (vi. saM. 1580), (3) kRpaNa-caritra (vi. saM. 1585), (4) zIla battIsI (vi. saM. 1585).( paMcendriya beli (vi. saM. 1585),(6) gaNaveli, (7) nemi rAjavali beli, (8) sImandharastavana, (9) cintAmaNi jymaal| ina racanAoM ke atirikta ina ke kucha pada bhI prApta huye haiM, jo vibhinna guTakoM meM saMgrahIta haiN| hamArI jAnakArI ke anusAra ukta racanAoM meM se "meghamAlAvrata kathA" aura "cintAmaNi jayamAla" ye donoM racanAyeM apabhraza bhASA kI haiN| meghamAlAvrata kathA meM 115 kaDavaka haiN| isameM meghamAlA vrata kI kathA kA saMkSipta tathA sarala varNana hai| yaha vrata bhAdrapada mAsa meM pratipadA se kiyA jAtA hai| yaha vratakathA paM. mAlhA ke putra kavi mallidAsa kI preraNA se racI thii| cintAmaNi jayamAla kevala 11 padya haiN| isa meM saMyama kA mahatva batAyA gayA hai| racanA kA prArambha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai-- paNavivi jiNapAsaha pUraNa Asahu dUrujjhiya saMsAra bhalu / ciMtAmaNi jaM tahu maNi sumaraMtahu suNahu jema saMjamaha phalu // ukta vivaraNa ke AdhAra para patA lagatA hai ki kavi kA racanA-kAla vi. saM. 1575 se lagabhaga 1590 taka rahA hogaa| kavi Thakkura apabhraza ke eka anya kavi ThAkurasI se bhinna haiN| unakA paricaya nimnalikhita ha / zAha ThAkura racanA meM ina kA nAma zAha ThAkura milatA hai| abhI taka ina kI do racanAyahI upalabdha ho sakI haiN| eka apabhraMza meM nibaddha hai aura dUsarI hindI meM / "zAntinAtha caritra" eka --- - -- --- 1. paM. paramAnanda jaina zAstrIH jaina grantha prazasti-saMgraha, prastAvanA, pR. saM. 141 / .. DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla: alabhya granthoM kI khoja, anekAnta meM prakAzita, varSa 16, kiraNa 4, pa. 170-171 /

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149 apabhraza kAvya hai| yaha pAMca sandhiyoM meM nibaddha hai| kavi kI dUsarI racanA "mahApurANakalikA" hai, jo 27 sandhiyoM meM viracita eka hindI prabandhakAvya hai| zAntinAtha caritra meM solahaveM tIrthakara zrI zAntinAtha kA saMkSepa meM jIvana-carita varNita hai| kavi ne yaha prabandhakAvya vi. saM. 1652 meM bhAdrapada zu. paMcamI ke dina cakattAvaMza ke jalAlahIna akabara bAdazAha ke zAsanakAla meM DhaMDhADa deza ke kacchapavaMzI rAjA mAnasiMha ke rAjya meM banAyA thaa| rAjA mAnasiMha kI rAjadhAnI usa samaya aMbApatI yA Amera meM thii| kavi ke pitAmaha kA nAma sAhasIlhA aura pitA kA nAma khatA thaa| ye khaNDelavAla jAti aura lahADayA gotra ke the| ye bha. candraprabhu ke vizAla jinamandira se alaMkRta luvAiNipura ke nivAsI the| kavi saMgIta, chanda-alaMkAra Adi meM nipuNa tathA vidvAnoM kA satsaMga karane vAlA thaa| inake guru ajamera zAkhA ke vidvAna bhaTTAraka vizAlakIrti the| ataH kavi rAjasthAna kA nivAsI thaa| kavi kI bhASA bahata hI sarala hai| apabhraMza kI racanA hone para bhI usa samaya kI hindI se prabhAvApanna hai| kyoMki satarahavIM zatAbdI meM braja bhASA apane utkarSa para thii| ataeva usase prabhAvita honA svAbhAvika thaa| udAharaNa ke liye kucha antima paMktiyAM haiM :-- jiNadhammacakka sAsaNi saraMti gayaNaya laha jima sasi soha diti, jiNadhammaNANa kevalaravI ya taha aTThakammamala vilaya kIya / ettau mAgau jiNa satiNAha mahu kijjahu dijjahu jai bhlaah| 5,59 kavi ne apanI garu-paramparA kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana kiyA hai| dillI se lekara ajamera taka pratiSThita bhaTTAraka-paramparA kA eka aitihAsika dastAveja isa racanA kI antima prazasti meM upalabdha hai| muni mahanandi muni mahanandi bhaTTAraka vIracanda ke ziSya the| ina kI racI huI eka mAtra kRti bArakkhaDI yA pAhuDadohA upalabdha huI hai| isakI eka hastalikhita prati di. jaina terahapaMthI baDe mandira, jayapura meM kramAMka 1825, veSTana saM. 165 3, lekhanakAla vi. saM. 1591 milatI hai| isase yaha nizcita hai ki racanA pandrahavIM zatAbdI yA isase pUrva racI gaI hogii| DA. kAsalIvAla jI ne isakA samaya pandrahavIM zatAbdI batAyA hai| isake racayitA eka rAjasthAnI di. jaina santa the| kisI-kisI hastalikhita prati meM kavi kA nAma "mahayaMda" (mahIcanda) bhI milatA hai| isa kRti meM 335 dohe milate haiN| kisI-kisI prati meM 333 dohe dekhane meM Ate haiN| apabhraMza meM abhI taka prApta dohA-racanAoM meM nissandeha yaha eka sundara evaM sarasa racanA hai| bhASA aura bhAva donoM hI arthapUrNa haiN| isameM lagabhaga sabhI taraha ke dohe milate haiN| AtmA kyA hai ise samajhAtA huA kavi kahatA hai khIraha majjhaha jema ghiu tilaha majjhi jima tilla / kaTThahu AraNu jima vasai tima dehahi dehillu / / 22 / / arthAt jaise dUdha meM ghI rahatA hai, tila meM tela samAyA rahatA hai, aranikASTha meM agni chipI huI rahatI ha, vaise hI zarIra ke bhItara AtmA vyApta hai| 1. paM. paramAnanda jaina zAstrI : jaina grantha prazasti-saMgraha, prastAvanA, pR. saM. 130 / 2. vahI, pa. 130-131 / 3 DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra-bhaNDAroM kI grantha-sUcI, bhAga 2,4.287 / 4. DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : rAjasthAna ke jaina santa-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pa.173 /

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150 kavi haricanda apabhraza meM harizcandra nAma ke do kavi ho gae haiN| eka harizcandra agravAla hue, jinhoMne aNathamiyakahA, dazalakSaNakathA, nArikerakathA, pUSpAMjalikathA aura paMcakalyANaka kI racanA kI thii| dUsare kavi haricanda rAjasthAna ke kavi the| paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ke anusAra kavi kA nAma halla yA hariiMda athavA haricanda hai| kavi kA "vaDaDhamANakavva" yA varddhamAnakAvya vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatI kI racanA jJAta hotI hai| usakA racanAsthala rAjasthAna hai| yaha kAvya devarAya ke putra saMghAdhipa holivarma ke anurodha se racA gayA thaa| kavi haricanda ne apane guru muni padmanandi kA bhaktipUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| kavi ke zabdoM meM paumaNaMdi muNiNAha gaNidahu caraNasaraNaguru kai hariiMdahu / muni padmanandi di. jaina zAsana-saMgha ke madhyayugIna parama prabhAvaka bhaTTAraka the jo bAda meM muni avasthA ko prApta hue the| ye mantra-tantravAdI bhaTTAraka the| inhoMne aneka prAntoM meM grAma-grAma meM vihAra kara aneka dhArmika, sAhityika, sAmAjika tathA sAMskRtika lokopayogI kAryoM ko sampanna kiyA thaa| Apa ke sambandha meM aitihAsika ghaTanA kA ullekha milatA hai| brahma bUcarAja brahma bUcarAja yA valha mUlataH eka rAjasthAnI kavi the| inakI racanAoM meM inake kaI nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai-bacA, valha, vIlha yA valhava / ye bhadrAraka vijayakIrti ke ziSya the / brahmacArI hone ke kAraNa ina kA 'brahma' vizeSaNa prasiddha ho gyaa| DA. kAsalIvAla jI ne inakI racI huI ATha racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai:-mayaNajajjha, saMtoSatilaka jayamAla, cetana-pudgala-dhamAla, TaMDANA gIta, neminAtha vasatu, nemIzvara kA bArahamAsA, vibhinna rAgoM meM ATha pada, vijayakIti-gIta / vijayakIti-gIta meM garu bha. vijayakIrti kI stuti kA gAna kiyA gayA hai / ina racanAoM meM se kevala 'mayaNajujjha' eka apabhraMza racanA hai / mayaNajujjha yA madanayaddha eka rUpaka kAvya hai / apabhraMza meM hI mahAkavi haradeva kA bhI 'mayaNajajjha' kAvya milatA hai jo bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI se prakAzita ho cukA hai / madanayuddha meM jinadeva aura kAmadeva ke yuddha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jisa meM antataH kAmadeva parAbhUta ho jAtA hai / kavi kA vasantavarNana dekhie vajjau nIsANa vasaMta Ayau challakUdasi khilliyaM / sugaMdha malaya-pavaNa jhulliya aMba koilla kulliyaM / ruNajhuNiya kevai kaliya mahuvara sutarapattiha chAiyaM / gAvaMti gIya vajaMti vINA taruNi pAika AiyaM // 37 // 1. paM. paramAnanda jaina zAstrI : jaina granthaprazasti- saMgraha, prastAvanA, pR. 86 / 2. paM. paramAnanda jaina zAstrI : rAjasthAna ke jaina santa muni padmanandI, anekAnta, varSa 22, ki. 6, pR. 285 / 3. DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla : rAjasthAna ke jaina santa-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR. 71 /

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151 'santoSatilaka jayamAla' bhI eka rUpaka kAvya hai| isameM zIla, sadAcAra, samyagjJAna, samyakacAritra, vairAgya, tapa, karuNA, kSamA tathA saMyama ke dvArA santoSa kI upalabidha kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / yaha racanA vi. saM. 1591 meM hisAra nagara meM likha kara sampUrNa huI thI / yaha eka prAcIna rAjasthAnI racanA hai / ___inake atirikta anya kaviyoM meM se apabhraza-sAhitya kI zrI-samRddhi ko samunnata karane vAle lagabhaga ATha-dasa sAhityakAroM kA ulekha kiyA jA sakatA hai / parantu unake sambandha meM koI vivaraNa upalabdha na hone se kucha bhI kahanA ucita pratIta nahIM hotA hai / hAM, kucha aise vidvAnoM kA vivaraNa denA anacita na hogA, jinhoMne svayaM apabhraMza kI koI racanA nahIM likhI para dUsaroM ko prerita kara likhane yA likhavAne meM athavA pratilipi karAne meM avazya yoga diyA hai / bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kA nAma isa saMdarbha meM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / di. jaina AmnAya meM prabhAcandra nAma ke cAra bhaTTAraka vidvAnoM ke nAma milate haiN| prathama bhadrAraka prabhAcandra bArahavIM zatAbdI ke senagaNa bhadrAraka bAlacandra ke ziSya the| dUsare prabhAcandra camatkArI bhaTTAraka the jo gujarAta ke balAtkAragaNa zAkhA ke bha. ratnakIrti ka ziSya the| tIsare prabhAcandra bha. jinacandra ke ziSya the aura cauthe prabhAcandra jJAnabhUSaNa ke ziSya the|| bhaTAraka jinacandra ke ziSya prabhAcandra khaNDelavAla jAti ke the| vi. saM. 1571 meM dillI ke paTTa para inakA abhiSeka huA / bhaTTA ka banane ke pazcAt inhoMne apanI gaddI dillI se sthAnAntarita kara cittauDa meM pratiSThita kI / taba se ye barAbara rAjasthAna meM paidala bhramaNa karate rhe| sthAnasthAna para inhoMne mandiroM meM mUrtiyoM tathA sAhitya kI pratiSThA kA kArya kiyaa| ye svayaM bahuta baDe tArkika tathA vAda-vivAdoM meM vidvAnoM kA mada-mardana karane vAle the| inheM sthAna-sthAna para zrAvakoM kI ora se pratilipi karA kara svAdhyAya ke liye kaI apabhraza kAvya bheMTa meM prApta hae the / unake nAma isa prakAra haiM-puSpadanta kavi kRta 'jasaharacariu' kI prati vi. saM. 1575 ma, paM. narasena kRta 'siddhacakra-kathA' ToMka meM vi.saM. 1579 meM, puSpadanta kRta 'jasaharacariu' sikandarAbAda meM vi. saM. 1580 meM, inake ziSya bra. ratnakIrti ko mahAkavi dhanapAla kRta "bAhubalicarita" vi. saM. 1584 meM svAdhyAya ke liye bheMTa pradAna kiyA gayA thA / isase patA calatA hai ki solahavIM zatAbdI meM apabhraMza sAhitya kI adhyayana-paramparA barAbara banI huI thii| tathA sAhitthAna meM paidala se sthA yathArtha meM rAjasthAna zramaNa jaina saMskRti kA atyanta prAcIna kAla se eka pramukha kendra rahA hai| yahAM prAkRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI, saMskRta, hindI Adi vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM lagabhaga sabhI viSayoM para sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai / sAhitya, kalA, purAtatva Adi kI dRSTi se yaha pradeza atyanta samRddha hai, isa meM koI sandeha nahIM hai / ina sabhI kSetroM meM jaina sAhityakAra kabhI pIche nahIM rahe haiM, varan ve agratama paMkti meM Ate haiM, yaha isa nibandha se prakaTa ho jAtA hai| 1. DA. kastUra canda kAsalIvAla : rAjasthAna ke jaina santa-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR. 183 2. vahI. 185

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apabhraMza sAhitya ke AcArya 4 -~-DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla . rAjasthAna meM apabhraza sAhitya ko sarvAdhika prazraya milA / muslima zAsana kAla meM maTaTArakoM ne apabhraza bhASA ke graMthoM kA apane zAstra-bhaNDAroM meM acchA saMgraha kiyA aura unakI pANDulipiyAM karavAkara unake paThana-pAThana meM yogadAna diyA / rAjasthAna ke atirikta anya pradezoM ke zAstra-bhaNDAroM meM apabhraza ke grantha yA to milate hI nahIM hai aura kadAcita kahIM-kahIM upalabadha bhI hote haiM to unakI saMkhyA bahuta kama hotI hai / rAjasthAna meM apabhraza ke granthoM kI STi se bhaTTArakIya zAstra bhaNDAra nAgaura, ajamera, jayapura ke zAstra-bhaNDAra sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa haiM aura inhIM bhaNDAroM meM apabhraza kA 95 pratizata sAhitya saMgrahIta hai / apabhraza ke sabhI pramukha kavi jaise svayambha, puSpadanta, dhavala, vIra, nayanandi, dhanapAla, hariSeNa, raidhu kI adhikAMza kutiyAM inhIM bhaNDAroM meM surakSita hai / aura jo kucha sAhitya prakAza meM AyA hai athavA isa sAhitya para zodha-kArya huA hai vaha saba rAjasthAna ke jaina bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta pANDulipiyoM ke AdhAra para hI sampanna ho sakA hai| aba yahAM apabhraza ke aise kaviyoM para prakAza DAlA jA rhaa| jinakA rAjasthAna kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM sambandha rahA hai| 1. mahAkavi nayanandiH mahAkavi nayanandi apabhraMza ke una kaviyoM meM se hai jinase apabhraza sAhitya svayaM gauravAnvita hai| jinakI lekhanI dvArA apanaza meM do mahAkAvya likhe gaye aura jinake dvArA usake pracAra-prasAra meM pUrNa yogadAna diyA gayA / mahAkavi nayanandi 11 vIM zatAbdi ke antima caraNa ke vidvAn the / inakI aba taka do kRtiyAM upalabdha huI haiM aura donoM kI pANDulipiyAM jayapura ke mahAvIra bhavana ke saMgraha meM hai / nayanandi paramAravaMzI rAjA bhojadeva tribhuvana nArAyaNa ke zAsana kAla meM hae the / inake rAjyakAla ke zilAlekha saMvata 1077 se 1109 taka ke upalabdha hote haiM / tribhuvana nArAyaNa kA zAsana rAjasthAna ke citauDa pradeza para bhI rahA thA / isa kAraNa nayanandi ko rAjasthAnI kavi bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / inhoMne apanA prathama mahAkAvya "sudaMsaNa cariu" ko dhArA nagarI ke eka jaina mandira ke vihAra meM baiThakara samApta kiyA thaa| mAlavA aura rAjasthAna kI sImAeM bhI eka dUsare se lagI huI haiM isaliye nayanandi jaise vidvAna kA samparka to donoM hI pradezoM meM rahA hogaa| sudaMsaNa cariu kA racanA kAla saMvata 1100 hai| 1 yaha mahAkAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai / sudaMsaNa cariu apabhraza kA eka prabandha kAvya hai jo mahAkAvyoM kI zreNI meM rakhane yogya hai / grantha kA carita bhAga rocaka evaM AkarSaka hai tathA alaMkAra eva kAvya-zailI donoM hI daSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai / mahAkavi ne apane kAvya ko nirdoSa batalAyA hai tathA kahA hai ki rAmAyaNa meM rAma aura sItA kA viyoga, mahAbhArata meM pANDavoM evaM kAravoM kA paraspara kalaha evaM mAra-kATa tathA laukika kAvyoM meM kaulika, caura, vyAdha Adi kI kahAniyAM sunane meM AtI 1. Niva vikkama kAla ho vavagaesu, egAraha saMvacchara saesu / tahi kevalI cariu abhayacchareNa, NayaNaMdI virayau vitthareNa //

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153 haiM kintu usake kAvya meM aisA eka bhI doSa nahIM hai / / grantha meM 12 saMdhiyAM aura 207 kaDavaka chanda haiM jinama sUdarzana ke jIvana-paricaya ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai / sudarzana eka vaNik zreSTI hai / usakA caritra atyanta nirmala tathA sumeru ke samAna nizcala hai / usakA rUpa-lAvaNya itanA AkarSaka thA ki yavatiyoM kA samuha ise dekhane ke liye utkaMThita hokara mahaloM kI chatoM para evaM jharokhoM meM ekatrita ho jAta thA / yaha sAkSAt kAmadeva thA / usake yahAM apAra dhana-sampadA thI kintu phira bhI vaha dharmAcaraNa me tatpara, madharabhASI evaM mAnava-jIvana kI mahattA se paricita thA / sudarzana kA caritra bhAratIya saMskRti kA jIvana hai jo lobha evaM prAMcoM meM bhI apane caritra kI rakSA karatA hai| sayalavihi-vihANakavvaH-- ___ yaha mahAkavi kA dUsarA kAvya hai jo 58 saMghiyoM meM pUrNa hotA hai| prastuta kAvya vizAla kAvya hai jisakA kisI eka viSaya se saMbaMdha na hokara vividha viSayoM se saMbaMdha hai| isa grantha kI eka mAtra pANDalipi Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jayapura meM saMgrahIta hai jinameM bIca kI 16 saMdhiyAM nahIM hai| kavi ne kAvya ke prArambha meM apane pUrvavarto jaina evaM janatara vidvAnoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ina vidvAnoM meM vararuci, vAmana, kAlidAsa, kautuhala, bANa, mayUra, jinasena, vAdarAyaNa, zrIharSa, rAjazekhara, jasacandra, jayarAma, jayadeva, pAdalipta, vIrasena, siMhanandI, guNamadra, samantabhadra, akalaMka, daNDI, bhAmaha, bhAravi, bharata, caumuha, svayambhU, puSpadanta, zrIcanda, prabhAcandra ke nAma ullekhanIya hai / kavi ne apana isa kAvya meM vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai jinakI saMkhyA 50 se adhika hogii| chanda zAstra kI dRSTi meM inakA adhyayana atyadhika mahatvapUrNa siddha ho sakatA hai| kAvya kI dUsarI saMdhi meM aMbADama evaM kaMcIpuTa kA ullekha hai| 'aMbADama' ambAvatI kA hI dUsarA nAma ho sakatA hai jo bAda meM Amera ke nAma se prasiddha huA / isase bhI siddha hotA hai ki nayanandi ko rAjasthAna se vizeSa prema thA aura vaha isa pradeza meM avazya ghumA hogaa| rAmo sIya-vioya-soyavihuraM saMpattu rAmAyaNe, jAdaM pAMDava-dhAyaraTra-sadadaM gottaM kalI bhArahe / DeDA-koliya cora-rajja-NiradA AhAsidA suddaye, No ekkaM pi sudaMsaNassa caride dosaM samubhAsidaM / maNu jaNNa vakku vammIu vAsu, vararui vAmaNa, kavi, kAliyAsu / koUhala bANa maurU sUru, jiNaseNa, jiNAgama-kamala-sUrU / vArAyaNa varaNAu viviyadadda , siriharisu rAyaseharu guNadda / jasaIdhu jae jayarAma NAma, jayadeu jaNamaNANaMda kAmu / pAlittau pANiNi pabaraseNu, pAyaMjali piMgalu vIraseNu / siri siMhaNaMdi guNasiMha bhadda, guNabhadda guNilla samaMtabhaddu / akalaMka visama vAiya vihaMDi, kAma? rudda. govindu daMDi / bhammuI bhArahi bharahuvi mAhaMtu, caumuha sayaMbha kaI pupphayantu / ghattA siricandu pahAcandu vi vivuha, guNagaNanaMdi maNoharu / kai sirikumAra sarasa i kumaru, kitti vimAsiNI seharu /

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154 2. dAmodara :-- kavivara dAmodara rAjasthAnI kavi the / inhoMne apane Apako malasaMgha sarasvatI gaccha aura balAtkAra gaNa ke bhaTTAraka, prabhAcandra, padmanandi, zubhacandra, jinacandra kI paramparA kA batalAyA hai| maTTAraka jinacandra kA rAjasthAna se gaharA saMbaMdha thA aura ye rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM bihAra karate the / AvAM (ToMka) meM inakI apane guru zubhacandra evaM ziSya prabhAcandra ke sAtha niSedhikAyeM milatI haiN| jinacandra ne rAjasthAna meM aneka pratiSThA samArohoM kA saMcAlana kiyA hai / aise prabhAvazAlI evaM vidvAn bhaTTAraka jinacandra kA kavivara dAmodara ko ziSya hone kA gaurava prApta thA / kavivara dAmodara kI tIna kRtiyAM upalabdha hotI haiM / ye kRtiyAM haiM siripAla cariu, caMdappaha cariu evaM NemINAha cariu / ina tInoM hI kAvyoM ko pANDulipiyAM nAgaura ke bhaTTArakIya zAstra maraDAra meM upalabdha hotI haiM / siripAla barija:-- yaha kavi kA eka ramaNa kAvya hai jisameM siddhacakra ke mahAtmya kA ullekha karate hue usakA phala prApta karane vAle campApura ke rAjA zrIpAla evaM mainAsundarI kA jIvana paricaya diyA huA haiN| mainA sundarI ne apane kuSThI pati rAjA zrIpAla aura usake sAtasau sAthiyoM kA kuSTha roga siddhacakra ke anuSThAna aura jinabhakti kI dRr3hatA se dUra kiyA thA / kAvya meM zrIpAla ke aneka sAhasika kAryoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai / carita kAvya meM cAra saMdhiyAM haiM / yaha kAvya zrI devarAja ke putra sAhU naravattu ke Agraha para likhA gayA thaa| kAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai / caMdappahacariu yaha kavi kI dUsarI kRti hai jisameM AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabhu ke jIvana kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isakI ekamAtra pANDulipi nAgaura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai / miNAhacariu :-- yaha kavi kI tIsarI apabhraMza bhASA kI kRti haiM jisameM 22 veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA kavi kA yaha kAvya bhI abhI taka aprakAzita hai / jIvana atyadhika rocaka DhaMga se nibaddha hai / 3. mahAkavi raddadhUH --- mahAkavi rahagha uttarakAlIna apabhraMza kaviyoM meM sarvAdhika lokapriya kavi / racanAaM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi se apabhraMza sAhitya ke itihAsa meM inakA sthAna sarvopari hai / DA. rAjA rAma jaina ne raibU kI aba taka jJAta evaM ajJAta 35 apabhraMza kRtiyoM kA nAma ullekha kiyA hai| inameM mehesara cariu, NemiNAhacariu, pAsaNAha cariu, sammajiNacariu, balahaddI cariu, pradyumna cariu, dhanyakumAra carita, jasaharacariu, sudaMsaNacariu Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| mahAkavi para DA. rAjArAma jaina ne gaharI chAnabIna kI hai aura 'raddadhU granthAvalI' ke nAma se mahAkavi ke sabhI upalabdha kAvyoM ke prakAzana kI yojanA para kArya ho rahA hai| 1. ra sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana pU. 48

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nivAsa sthAna :-- mahAkavi kA jIvana sArvabhaumika evaM sArvalaukika hotA hai / bhaugolika evaM rAjanItika sImAeM unheM bAMdha nahIM sakatIM / mahAkavi raidhU ne apanI kisI bhI racanA meM apane janma-sthAna ke sambandha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM dI kintu unake apane kAvyoM meM rohataka, pAnIpata, hisAra, joginIpura, gvAliyara, ujjayinI Adi nagaroM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai / raghu sAhitya ke vizeSajJa Da. rAjArAma jaina ne kavi ke nivAsa sthAna ke sambandha meM apanA abhimata likhate hue likhA hai ki "unakI hindI racanA bAraha bhAvanA meM prayukta hindI kI pravRtti dekhakara aisA pratIta hotA hai ki unakA janma yA nivAsa sthAna paMjAba evaM rAjasthAna ke sImAnta se lekara madhyabhArata ke gvAliyara taka ke bIca kA koI sthAna honA cAhiye / " hamAre vicAra se to kavi kA janma rAjasthAna kA sImAnta pradeza dhaulapura pradeza kA koI bhAga honA cAhiye / vayaska hone ke pUrva taka kavi kA jIvana koI vizeSa ullekhanIya nahIM rahA isaliye yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki kavi kA prArambhika jIvana apane janma-sthAna meM hI vyatIta huA aura vayaska hone para evaM kAvya racanA meM ruci lekara ve madhya pradeza meM cale gaye / mahApaMDita AzAvara mI rAjasthAna ko chor3akara mAlavA meM jAkara basa gaye the aura isI zatAbdI meM hone vAle prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke mahAn vidvAn DA. nemicandra zAstrI bhI apane nivAsa sthAna dhaulapura ko chor3akara ArA ( bihAra ) meM jAkara rahane lage the / mahAkavi raidhU kI sabhI apabhraMza kRtiyAM bhASA evaM kAvya zailI meM atyadhika mahatvapUrNa haiM / kavi ne apabhraMza kA janabhASA ke rUpa meM prayoga kiyA hai aura jahAM taka saMbhava ho sakA hai usane apane kAvyoM kI bhASA ko sarala evaM subodha banAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai| raghU ne apanI adhikAMza racanAyeM kisI na kisI zreSThi ke Agraha athavA anurodha para nibaddha kI haiM / kavi ne apane AzrayadAtA kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai evaM usakA usake pUrvajoM sahita yazogAna gAyA hai / yahI nahIM tatkAlIna zAsakoM kA bhI acchA varNana kiyA hai jisase kavi ke sabhI to itihAsa kI dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa bana gaye haiM / inakI prazastiyoM ke AdhAra para tatkAlIna sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika sthiti kA adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA 1 rAjasthAna ke graMtha saMgrahAlayoM meM raghu kA sAhitya acchI saMkhyA meM upalabdha hotA hai / jayapura, ajamera, nAgaura, maujamAbAda Adi sthAnoM ke graMtha saMgrahAlayoM meM kavi kI apabhraMza kRtiyAM saMgrahIta haiM aura sampAdana ke liye atyadhika upayogI haiM / rAjasthAna ke apabhraMza kavi kI dRSTi se raidhU ke sAhitya para vizeSa adhyayana kI AvazyakatA hai / aba taka mahAkavi dhu ke nimna graMtha prApta ho cuke hai:-- pauma cariu athavA balabhadra carita 1. 2. harivaMza purANa pajjuNNa cariu pAsaNAha purANa 5. sammatta guNanidhAna mesara cariu 3. 4. 155 6. 7. jIvaMdhara cariu jasahara cariu 9. puNNAsavakahAkoSu 8. ghaNNakumAra cariu sukosala cariu sammai jiNa cariu sirivAla kahA 14. siddhAntArthasAra 10. 11. 12. 13.

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156 18. apyasaMboha kavva 16. sammata kaumudI 17. dazalakSaNa jayamAla 18. SoDazakAraNa jayamAla 19. sAMtiNAha cariu 20. miNAha cariu 21. karakaMDa cariu 22. bhavisayatta cariu 4. vinayacandraH-- kavivara vinayacandra mAthurasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka udayacandra ke praziSya aura bAlacanda muni ke ziSya the| inakI aba taka tIna racanAyeM canaDIrAsa, nijhara paMcamI mahArAsa evaM kalyANaka rAsa upalabadha ho cakI haiN| prathama do racanAyeM kavi ne tribhavanagiri meM nibaddha kI thiiN| kavi ne apanI prathama racanA cunaDIrAsa tribhavanagiri ke rAjA kumArapAla ke bhatIje ajayapAla ke bihAra meM baiThakara nirmita kI thii| kavi ke samaya meM tribhavanagiri jana-dhana se samaddha thA / kavi ne use 'saggakhaNDaNaM dhariyala Ayau' arthAt svarga-khaNDa ke tulya batalAyA hai| ajayarAja tahanagar3ha ke rAjA kumArapAla kA bhatIjA thA tathA usake bAda rAjya kA uttarAdhikArI huA / saMvat 1253 meM mohammada gorI ne usa para apanA adhikAra kara liyA aura nagara ko tahasanahasa kara diyA / ajayarAja kA nAma karaulI ke zAsakoM meM darja hai| isaliye 13 vIM zatAbdi meM yaha pradeza tribhuvanagiri ke nAma se prasiddha thA / cUnaDIrAsa:-- - yaha kavi kI laghu-kRti hai jisameM 32 padya hai / rAsa meM cUnaDI nAmaka uttarIya vastra ko spaka banAkara eka gIti-kAvya ke rUpa meM racanA kI gaI hai| koI mugdhA yuvatI haMsatI huI apane pati se kahatI hai ki, he subhaga ! jina mandira jAiye aura mere Upara dayA karate hue eka anupama canaDI sIdha chapavA dIjiye jisase mai jina zAsana meM vicakSaNa ho jAuM / vaha yaha bhI kahatI hai ki gadi Apa vaisI canaDI chapavA kara nahIM deMge to vaha chIpA majhe tAnAkazI kregaa| cunar3I rAjasthAna kA vizeSa paridhAna hai jise rAjasthAnI mahilAyeM vizeSa rUpa se bor3hatI hai / yaha rAjasthAna kA vizeSa vastra hai / kavi ne isI ke AdhAra para rUpaka kAvya kA nirmANa kiyA hai| racanA sarasa evaM AkarSaka hai| nijjhara paMcamI kahA rAsa :-- - yaha kavi kI dUsarI racana hai jisameM nirjhara paMcamI ke vrata kA phala batalAyA gayA hai / kavi ne likhA hai ki ASADha zuklA paMcamI ke dina jAgaraNa kare aura upavAsa kare tathA kArtika ke mahIne meM isakA udyApana kare athavA zrAvaNa meM Arambha karake agahana ke mahIne meM usakA udyApana kare udyApana meM chatra camarAdi pAMca-pAMca vastuyeM mandira meM bheMTa kareM / yadi kisI kI udyApana karane kI zakti na ho to vrata ko dUne samaya taka kare / kavi ne isa rAsa ko bhI tribhuvanamiri meM nibaddha kiyA thA / kalyANakarAsa:-- yaha vi kI tIsarI kRti hai isameM tIrthakaroM ke pAMcoM kalyANakoM kI tithiyoM Adi kA varmana kiyA gayA hai|

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157 .. mahAkavi siMha: __ mahAkavi siMha apabhraza ke prakANDa vidvAn the| isake atiriAta ve prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke bhI prasiddha paMDita the| inake pitA ralhaNa bhI saMskRta evaM prAkRta ke vidvAna the| kavi ko mAtA kA nAma jinamatI thA aura kavi ne inhIM kI preraNA se apabhraza bhASA meM pajjaNNacariu jaisA sundara kAvya nibaddha kiyA thaa| ye tIna bhAI the jinameM prathama kA nAma zubhakara, dvitIya kA guNapravara aura tRtIya kA sAdhAraNa thaa| ye tInoM hI dharmAtmA the| kavi ne ina sabakA varNana nimna prakAra kiyA hai: taha payarau Niru uNNaya amaiyamANu, gujjara-kula-Naha-ujjoya-mANU / jo uhayapavara vANI-vilAsu, evaMviha viusaho ralhaNAsu / taho paNaiNi jiNamai suhama sIla, sammattavaMta NaM dhammasIla / kai sIu tAhi gabbhataraMmi, saMbhaviu kamala jaha sura-saraMmi / jaNavacchala sajjaNu jaNiya harisu, suivaMtu tiviha vairAya sarisu / uppaNNu sahoyaru tAsu avara, nAmeNa suhaMkara guNahaMpavaru / sAhAraNa laghavau tAsU jAu, dhammANa rattu aidivvakAu // mahAkavi siMha kA dUsarA nAma siddha bhI milatA hai jisase yaha kalpanA kI gayI ki siMha aura siddha eka hI vyakti ke nAma the| paM. paramAnanda jI zAstrI kA anumAna hai ki siddha kavi ne sarva prathama pradyumna carita kA nirmANa kiyA aura kAlavaza grantha naSTa hone para siMha kavi ne khaMDita rUpa se prApta isa grantha kA pUnaruddhAra kiyA 11 DA. hIrAlAla jaina kA bhI yahI vicAra 2 aura DA. harivaMza kochaDa ne bhI isI tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai / racanA sthAna: kavi siMha ne pajagaNacariu kI graMtha prazasti ma bahANavADa nagara kA varNana kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki usa samaya vahAM raNadhorI yA raNadhIra kA putra ballAla thA jo arNorAja ko kSaya karane liye kAlasvarUpa thA aura jisakA mAMDalika bhRtya guhilavaMzIya kSatriya mallaNa brAhmaNavADa ka zAsaka thaa| jaba kumArapAla gajarAta kI gaddI para baiThA thA taba mAlavA kA rAjA vallAla thA isake pazcAt ballAla yazodhavala ko de diyA jisane vallAla ko mArA thA / kumArapAlaka zAsana vi. saM. 1199 se 1209 taka rahA ataH ballAla kI mRtyu saMvat 1208 se pUrva huI hogI isake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki pradyumna carita kI racanA bhI 1208 ke pUrva hI ho cuka thii| ataeva siMha kavi kA samaya vikrama kI 12 vIM zatAbdI kA antima pAda yA 13 vIM zatAbda kA prathama pAda mAnanA ucita pratIta hotA hai| 'brAhmaNavADa' yA 'brAhmavAda' nAma kA sthAna bayAnA (rAjasthAna) ke samIpa hai| va bhI pahile eka prasiddha nagara thA aura vahAM eka lekha meM brAhmaNavAda nagareM' isa zabda kA prayoga kira hai| yadi yaha, brAhmavAda vahI nagara hai jisakA ullekha siMha kavi ne apanI prazasti meM ki hai to kavi rAjasthAnI the aisA kahA jA sakatA hai| brAhmavAda meM Aja bhI eka jai mandira hai jisameM 15 vIM zatAbdI taka kI jina pratimAeM virAjamAna hai| 1. mahAkavi siMha aura pradyumna carita, anekAnta varSa 8 kiraNa 10-11 pR.391 / 2. nAgapura yunivarsiTI janarala, sana 1942, pR. 82-83 / 3. apabhranzasAhityaH DA. harivaMza kochaDa, pR. 221 /

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158 pajjuNNacariu:-- pajjaNNacariu athavA pradyamnacarita 15 sadhiyoM kA apabhraza kAvya hai jisameM zrIkRSNa jI ke putra pradyumna kA jIvana-carita nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| jaina dharma meM pradyumna ko puNya puruSoM meM mAnA gayA hai| rukmiNI se utpanna hote hI pradyamna kA haraNa eka rAkSasa dvArA kara liyA jAtA hai| pradyumna vahIM baDe hote haiM aura phira 12 varSa pazcAta zrIkRSNa jI se Akara milata hai| pradyumna caritra meM sabhI varNana bar3e sUndara hae haiM tathA grAma, nagara, RtU, sarovara, upavana, parvata Adi ke varNana ke sAtha hI pAtroM kI bhAvanAoM kA bhI aMkana kiyA gayA hai| kAvya meM karuNarasa kA bhI apUrva citraNa huA hai tathA bAlakrIDAoM ke varNana meM kavi ne apanI kAvya caturatA dikhalAI hai| isI taraha kA eka varNana dekhiye:-- cANaura vimaddaNu devaI NaMdaNu, saMkha cakka sAraMgadharu / raNi kaMsa khayaMkaru, asura bhayaMkaru, vasuha tikhaMDaha gahiyakaru / 1:12 rajo dANava mANava dalai dappa jiNi gahiu asura Nara khayara kappu / Nava Nava jovvaNa sumaNoharAI. cakkala ghaNa pINa puhraaii| chaNa iMda biMbasama vayaNi yAhaM, kuvalaya dala dIhara NayaNiyAhaM / keUra hAra kuNDaladharAha, kaNa kaNa kaNaMta kNknnkraahN|| 1:13 6. brahma bUcarAjaH-- . bucarAja rAjasthAnI vidvAna the| yadyapi abhI taka kisI bhI kRti meM inhoMne apane janma-sthAna evaM mAtA-pitA Adi kA paricaya nahIM diyA hai kintu inakI kRtiyoM kI bhASA ke AdhAra para evaM ma. vijayakIrti ke ziSya hone ke kAraNa inheM rAjasthAnI vidvAn mAnanA adhika taka-sagata hogaa| vaise ye santa the| inhoMne brahmacArI pada dhAraNa kara liyA thA isIliye sAhitya-pracAra evaM dharmapracAra ke liye ye utarI bhArata meM vihAra kiyA karate the| rAjasthAna, paMjAba, dahalA eva gajarAta inake makhya pradeza the| saMvata 1582 meM ye campAvatI (cATasa) rAjasthAna meM the aura isa varSe phAlgana sadI 14 ke dina inheM samyaktva kaumadI kI prati bheMTa svarUpa pradAna kI gayI thaa| inhoMne apanI kRtiyoM meM bacarAja ke atirikta baMcA. valhavIlha athavA valhava nAmoM kA upayAga kiyA hai| eka hI kRti meM donoM prakAra ke nAma bhI prayoga meM Aye haiN| inakI racanAoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bacarAja kA vyaktitva evaM manobala bahuta hI UMcA thaa| inakI racanAeM yA to bhakti-pUraka hai athavA upadeza-pUraka / samaya:-- kavivara ke samaya ke bAre meM nazcita to kacha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA lekina inakI racanAoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya saMvata 1530 se 1600 taka kA mAnA jA sakatA hai inhoMne apane jIvanakAla meM bhaTrAraka bhavanakoti. bha. jJAnabhaSaNa evaM bha. vijayakoti kA samaya dakhA aura inake sAnidhya meM rahakara AtmalAbha ke atirikta sAhityika lAbha bhI prApta kiyA / abhI taka inakI ATha racanAyeM prApta ho cakI haiN| 'mayaNajajjha' inakI apabhraza kRti haiM tathA zuSa saba hindI kRtiyAM haiN| inakI anya kRtiyoM ke nAma haiM-saMtoSa jayatilaka, cetanapudgala dhamAla, TaMDANA gIta, neminAtha basaMta, nemIzvara kA bArahamAsA, vijayakIrti gIta Adi / 1. saMbata 1582 phAlguna sudI 14 zabha dine * * * * * 'campAvatInagare * * * etAna / idaM zAstraM kauma dIM likhApya karmakSayanimittaM brahma bUcAya dattam / prazasti saMgraha pR.63

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159 mayaNajujana:-- yaha eka rUpaka-kAvya hai jisameM bhagavAna RSabhadeva dvArA kAmadeva parAjaya kA varNana hai| yaha eka AdhyAtmika rUpaka kAvya hai jisakA mukhya uddezya manovikAroM para vijaya prApta karanA hai| kAma mokSarUpI lakSmI prApta karane meM eka baDI bAdhA hai| moha, mAyA, rAga evaM dveSa kAma ke malla sahAyaka hai| vasanta kAma kA data hai jo kAma kI vijaya ke liye pRSThabhUmi banAtA hai. lekina mAnava ananta-zakti evaM jJAnavAlA hai, yadi vaha cAhe to sabhI vikAroM para vijaya prApta kara sakatA hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva bhI apane Atmika-guNoM dvArA kAma para vijaya prApta karate hai| kavi ne isI rUpaka ko mayaNajujjha meM bahuta hI sundara rIti se prastuta kiyA hai| vasanta kAmadeva kA dUta hone ke kAraNa usakI vijaya ke liye pahile jAkara apane anurUpa vAtAvaraNa banAtA hai| vasanta ke Agamana kA vRkSa evaM latAyeM taka nava puSpoM se usakA svAgata karatI haiN| koyala kuhu-kuhu kI raTa lagAkara evaM bhramara-paMkti gujAra karatI haI usake Agamana kI sacanA detI hai| yavatiyAM apane Apako sajjita karake bhramaNa karatI haiN| isI varNana ko kavi ke zabdoM meM paDhiye: bajjata nIsANa vasaMta Ayau, challa kaMda sikhilliy| sugaMdha malayA pavaNa jhulliya, aMba koilla kUlliyaM / ruNa jhaNiya kevai kaliya mahavara, sutara pattiha chAiyaM / gAvaMti gIya vajaMti vINA, taruNi pAika pAiyaM / / / mayaNajajjha ko kavi ne saMvat 1589 meM samApta kiyA thA jisakA ullekha kavi ne racanA ke antima chanda meM kiyA hai| isa kRti kI pANDulipiyAM rAjasthAna ke kitane hI zAstrabhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hotI hai| 7. brahma sAdhAraNa: brahma sAdhAraNa rAjasthAnI santa the| pahile ve paMDita sAdhAraNa ke nAma se prasiddha the| kintu bAda meM brahmacArI banane ke kAraNa unheM brahma sAdhAraNa kahA jAne lgaa| unhoMne apanI pUrvavartIgaru-paramparA meM bha. ratanakIti, ma. prabhAcandra, bha. padmanandi, haribhaSaNa, narendrakIrti, evaM vidyAnandi kA ullekha kiyA hai aura apane Apako ma. narendrakIrti kA ziSya likhA hai| ma. narenTakIti kA rAjasthAna se vizeSa sambandha thA aura ve isI pradeza meM vihAra kiyA karo saMvata 1577 kI eka prazasti meM pa.sAdhAraNa kA ullekha milA hai jisake anasAra inheM paMcAstikApa kI eka pANDulipi sA. dhaupAla dvArA meMTa kI gaI thii| brahma sAdhAraNa apabhraza bhASA ke vidvAn the| choTI-choTI kathAoM kI racanA karake ve bhAvakoM ko svAdhyAya kI preraNA diyA karate the| 15 vIM 16 vIM zatAbdI meM bhI apamraza bhASA kI racanAoM kA nibaddha karanA unake apane za-prema kA dyotaka hai| aba taka unakI 9 racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM: 1. koilapaMcamI kahA (kokilA paMcamI kathA) 2. mauDa saptamI kahA (mukUTa saptamI kathA) 3. ravivaya kahA (ravivrata kathA) 4. f tayAlacauvIsI kahA (trikAla cauvIsa kathA) 5. kusumaMjali kahA (puSpAMjalI kathA) 1. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI granthasUcI, paMcama bhAga, 1.72

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160 6. nisi sattamI vaya kathA (nirdoSa saptamI brata kathA) 7. Nijjhara paMcamI kahA (nirjhara paMcamI kathA) 8. aNuvekkhA (anuprekSA) 9. duddhArami kahA (dugdha dvAdazI kathA) ukta sabhI kRtiyoM meM laghu-kathAeM haiN| bhASA atyadhika sarala kintu pravAhamaya hai| sabhI kathAoM meM apanI pUrvavartI guru paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA kathA-samApti kI paMkti meM apane Apako narendrakIti kA ziSya likhA hai / 8. tejapAla: tejapAla rAjasthAnI vidvAna the| apabhraMza bhASA meM kAvya-nibaddha karane kI ora inakI vizeSa ruci thii| ye mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka ratnakoti, bhuvanakIrti, dharmakIrti aura vizAlakIrti kIAmnAya ke the| kavi ne apanA paricaya dete hue likhA hai ki 'vAsanapura' nAmaka gAMva se barasAbaDaha baMza meM jAlhaDa nAmake eka sAhU the| unake putra kA nAma sujaDa sAhU thaa| ve dayAvaMta evaM jinadharma meM anarakta rahate the| unake cAra putra the-raNamala, ballAla, IsarU aura polhaNa / ye cAroM hI bhAI khaNDelavAla jAti ke bhUSaNa the| raNamala sAhU ke putra tAlhapa ke putra sAha hae aura unake tejapAla hue| isa prakAra tejapAla khaNDelavAla jAti meM utpanna hue the aura apabhraza ke pracche kavi the / tejapAla kI aba taka tIna kRtiyAM upalabdha ho cukI hai, jinake nAma pAsaNAha cariu, saMbhavaNAha cariu evaM varAMga cariu hai / pAsaNAha cariu: pArzvanAtha caritra eka khaNDa-kAvya hai, jisakA racanAkAla saMvata 1515 kArtika kRSNA paMcamI hai| sArI racanA apabhraza ke lADalA chanda paddhaDiyA meM nirmita hai| isameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke jIvana kA tIna saMdhiyoM meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya ko kavi ne paDavaMzI sAha zivadAsa ke putra dhUdhali sAha kI anumati se racA thaa| kRti abhI taka aprakAzita hai tathA isakI eka pANDulipi ajamera ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai| saMbhavaNAha cariu: isa kAvya meM chaha saMdhiyAM aura 170 kaDavaka haiN| isameM tIsare tIrthakara bhagavAna saMbhavanAtha kA jIvana-caritra nibaddha hai| mahApurANoM ke atirikta saMbhavanAtha kA jIvana bahata kama likhA gayA hai, isaliye kavi ne saMbhavanAtha para kAvya racanA karake ullekhanIya kArya kiyA hai| isakI racanA zrImanta nagara meM huI thI tathA mittala gotrIya sAhu lassamadeva ke caturtha putra thIlhA ke anarodha para likhI gaI thii| racanA surucipUrNa evaM atyanta sundara bhASA meM nibaddha hai| isakA racanAkAla saMvat 1500 ke Asa-pAsa kA hai| racanA abhI taka aprakAzita hai| varAMga cariu: yaha kavivara tejapAla kI tIsarI kRti hai| isameM cAra saMdhiyAM haiM jinameM rAjA varAMga kA jIvana nibaddha hai| isakA racanAkAla saMvat 1507 kI vaizAkha zuklA saptamI hai| racanA sarala evaM sarasa hai tathA hindI ke vikAsa para prakAza DAlane vAlI haiN| yaha kRti bhI abhI taka aprakAzita hai|

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181 ukta kaviyoM ke atirikta apabhraza ke anya kaviyoM kA bhI rAjasthAna se vizeSa sambandha rahA hai / aise kaviyoM meM jambUsAmi cariu ke racayitA mahAkavi vIra, pAsaNAha cariu, sukumAla pariu evaM bhavisayatta cariu ke racayitA zrIdhara, mahAkavi yazaHkIrti, mANikyarAja, bhagavatIdAsa Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| jinadattasUri:-- jinadattasUri rAjasthAnI santa the| dhandhakA ke rahane vAle vAchiga mantrI kI patnI delhaNade kI kokha se ApakA saMvat 1132 meM janma huaa| bAlyakAla meM hI 9 varSa kI Aya meM Apane dIkSA grahaNa krlii| ApakA janma nAma somacandra thaa| cittaur3a ke vIra jinAlaya meM jinavallabhasari ke maraNoparAnta Apako sari pada prApta haA aura ApakA nAma jinadattasari rakhA gayA / marudeza, ajamera, mahArASTra evaM rAjasthAna ke anya pradezoM meM Apane khUba vihAra kiyaa| mantra zAstra ke Apa bar3e bhArI sAdhaka the| jaba se jinadattasUri ne pATaNa nagara meM aMbaDa ke hAtha para vAsakSepa kA prakSepana kara una akSaroM ko par3hA tabhI se Apa yugapradhAna kahalAne lge| Apane tribhuvanagiri ke rAjA kumArapAla eva sAMbhara nareza arNorAja ko pratibodha diyaa| ApakI mRtyu 1211 meM ASAr3ha zuklA 11 ko ajamera nagara meM haI thii|| apabhraMza-bhASA kI aba taka ApakI tIna racanAeM upalabdha huI haiM jinake nAma hai, upadezarasAyana rAsa, kAlasvarUpa kulaka aura crcrii| upadeza rasAyana rAsa meM 80 gAthAoM kA saMgraha hai| maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAt jinadattasUri ne manuSya janma ke liye AtmoddhAra ko Avazyaka batalAyA hai| isI rAsa meM mandiroM meM hone vAle tAlarAsa evaM lagaDa rAsa kA niSedha kiyA hai| rAsa meM paddhaTikA-pajjhaTikA chanda kA prayoga haA hai| oriyaMTala insTITyUTa, baDaudA se "apamraza kAvyatrayI" meM ukta racanA prakAzita ho cukI hai| kAlasvarUpa kulaka:-- yaha zrI jinadattasUri kI laghukRti hai jisameM kevala 32 padya hai| isakA dUsarA nAma upadeza-kulaka bhI hai| maMgalAcaraNa ke pazcAta jinadattasUrine 12 vIM zatAbdI meM sAmAjika sthiti kA ullekha kiyA hai jisake anusAra logoM meM dharma ke prati anAdara, mohanidrA kI prabalatA aura garu vacanoM ke prati aruci pramakha hai| kavi ne sugara aura kugara kA bheda batalAyA hai aura kugaru ko dhatUre ke phala se samAna batalAyA hai / sAtha hI meM suguruvANI aura jinavANI meM zraddhA kA upadeza diyA hai| isa prakAra kRti kA viSaya pUrNataH dharmopadeza hai| isI prakAra suguru aura kugara bAhara se samAna dikhate haiM kintu kucha ru abhyanta ra vyAdhiru.1 hai jo buddhimAn donoM meM bheda karatA hai vaha parama pada ko prApta hotA hai / carcarI:-- prastuta cacerI meM jinadattasUri ne 47 chandoM meM apane guru jinavallabhasUri kA guNAnuvAda evaM caitya-vidhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai / isa carcaro kI racanA jinadattasUri ne bAgaDa (rAja.) 1. aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, pR. 5 /

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162 dezAntargata vyAghrapura nagara meM vikrama kI 12vIM ke uttarAdhaM meM kii| kavi apane sUri ko kAlidAsa evaM vAkpatirAja se bhI bar3hakara mAnatA hai / - kAliyAsu kai Asi ju loihi vanniyai / tAva jAva jiNavallahu kai nA anniyai || appu citta pariyANahi taM pi visuddha na ya / te vi citta kairAya maNijjahi muvanaya // guru jinaballabha haribhadrasUri :-- haribhadra nAma se do prasiddha vidvAn hue haiM / prathama haribhadrasUri 8vIM zatAbdi meM hue jinakA cittaur3a se gaharA sambandha thA / ye prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn the aura jinhoMne saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM racanAeM nibaddha karake eka abhUtapUrva kArya kiyA thA / dUsare haribhadra jine - candrasUri ke praziSya evaM zrIcandra ke ziSya the / inakA sambandha gujarAta se adhika thA aura vahIM cAlukyavaMzI rAjA siddharAja aura kumArapAla ke amAtya pRthvIpAla ke Azraya meM rahate the kintu rAjasthAna se bhI unakA vizeSa sambandha thA aura usa pradeza meM unakA barAbara bihAra hotA rahatA thA / DA. devendrakumAra zAstrI ne haribhadra kI do apabhraMza kRtiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai jinake nAma sanatkumAra carita evaM NamiNAha cariu hai / lekina DA. harivaMza kochaDa ne apane 'apabhraMza sAhitya' pustaka meM likhA hai ki neminAtha carita kA eka aMza sanatkumAra carita ke nAma se prakAzita huA hai / neminAtha carita ke 443 padya se 785 padya taka arthAt 343 raDDA padyoM meM sanatkumAra kA cArata milatA hai / vaise donoM carita kAvya kathAnaka kI dRSTi se svatantra kAvya pratIta hote haiM / neminAtha carita meM 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha ke jIvana para AdhArita kAvya nibaddha kiyA gayA hai jabaki sanatkumAra carita, cakravartI sanatkumAra ke jIvana para AdhArita kAvya 1 kAvya meM sanatkumAra kI vijaya yAtrA, unake aneka vivAhoM kA varNana, usake amita teja evaM saundarya kA varNana evaM anta meM bhogoM se virakti, tapasyA kA varNana aura anta meM svarga prApti kA varNana milatA hai / kAvya kA kathAnaka anya carita-kAvyoM ke samAna vIra aura zrRMgAra ke varNanoM se yukta hai lekina kAvya kA paryavasAna zAnta rUpa meM hotA hai / mahezvarasUri :-- mahezvarasUri rAjasthAnI santa the / inake dvArA racita 'saMyamamaMjarI' apabhraMza bhASA kI ghukRti prApta hai / saMyamamaMjarI meM kavi ne saMyama meM rahane kA upadeza diyA hai| usane saMyama ke 17 prakAroM kA ullekha karate hue kukarma tyAga aura indriya nigraha kA vidhAna kiyA hai / ukta apabhraMza kRtiyoM ke atirikti rAsa evaM phAgu saMjJaka kI kucha racanAyeM upalabdha | to haiM jinameM vijayasena sUri kRta revaMtagirirAsa va delhaNa kRta nayasukumAlarAsa, aMbadeva kRta marArAma, rAjezvarasUri kRta neminAtharAsa, zAlibhadrasUri kRta bharata bAhubali rAsa ke ullekhanIya haiM / * apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI zodha pravRttiyAM: DA. devendrakumAra, pR. 187 apabhraMza sAhitya DA. harivaMza kochaDa 295

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rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya

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rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA sAmAnya paricaya (pRSThabhUmi) 1 --DA. hIrAlAla mAhezvarI -:1: anya Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM kI bhAMti rAjasthAnI kA vikAsa bhI tatkAlIna gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM loka pracalita apabhraMza se huyA hai| vikrama 5vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI apabhraMza kA samRddha kAla hai / prAcArya hemacandra (saMvat 1145-1229) ko apabhraMza kI UparI sImA svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi apabhraMza kI racanAyeM unake bAda bhI lagabhaga cAra zatAbdiyoM taka hotI rahIM, tathApi dezI bhASAoM ke AvirbhAva aura pracalana ke saMdarbha meM, usakA prayoga paramparA kA pAlana hI kahA jaayegaa| prApta apabhraMza sAhitya ke AdhAra para usako tIna rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai:--1. pazcimI, 2. uttarI aura 3. puurvii| ye bheda apabhraMza ke eka pracalita sAmAnya rUpa meM sthAnIya bhASAoM kI vizeSatAoM ke samAveza ke kAraNa haiN| usakA eka sAmAnya rUpa thA jisakA mUlAdhAra zorasainI apabhraMza yA pazcimI apabhraMza thaa| 9vIM se 12vIM zatAbdI ke bIca yaha pazcimI apabhraMza pUre uttarI aura pUrvI bhArata meM sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM samAddata ho cukI thii| isake do pradhAna kAraNa the:--1. rAjapUtoM kA utthAna aura ina rAjAoM dvArA uttarakAlIna zorasainI apabhraMza tathA isase milatI julatI bolI ko apanAnA evaM prazraya denaa| 2. isakA zaiva, jaina aura vajrayAna bauddhasiddhoM meM eka dhArmika bhASA ke rUpa meM mAnya honaa| haanaa| sarvAdhika sAhitya pazcimI apabhraMza meM hI pAyA jAtA hai tathA prApta apabhraMza sAhitya meM sabase adhika racanAyeM jaina kaviyoM kI haiN| sanatkumAra cariu, hemacandra dvArA saMgrahIta dohe. kumArapAla pratibodha meM prApta apabhraMza padyoM Adi ko vidvAnoM ne gurjara apabhraMza kahA hai aura gurjara apabhraMza meM pazcimI apabhraMza kI sabhI vizeSatAyeM prApta hotI haiM--'mArU-gurjara' yA purAnI rAjasthAnI kA vikAsa gurjarI apabhraMza se huA hai| isa prakAra, 'mArU-gurjara' aura usake sAhitya meM gurjarI apabhraMza aura usake sAhitya kI sarvAdhika vizeSatAyeM aura paramparAyeM surakSita haiN| usake kAvya rUpa, kathya aura zailI tathA sAhityika dhArAyeM, katipaya kAlaja aura dezaja vizeSatAoM ke sAtha 'mArU-gurjara' ke sAhitya meM nirvicchinna rUpa se milatI haiN| ata: purAnI rAjasthAnI aura usake sAhitya ke samyakarUpeNa adhyayana ke liye pazcimI apabhraMza, vizeSataH gurjarI apabhraMza kA adhyayana atIva Avazyaka hai| purAnI rAjasthAnI meM bhI sarvAdhika racanAyeM jaina kaviyoM kI haiN| lagabhaga saMvata 1100 se Age cAra zatAbdiyoM taka ke sAhitya ko 'mArU-garjara' yA purAnI rAjasthAnI kA sAhitya kahA jA sakatA hai| rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke itihAsa kA kAla-vibhAjana isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai:1. vikAsa kAla (vikrama saMsavat 1100 se 1500) /

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164 2. madhya kAla ka -- vikasita kAla ( saMvat 1500 se 1650) | kha -- virvAddhata kAla (saMvat 1650 se 1900 ) / 3. arvAcIna kAla ( saMvat 1900 se vartamAna samaya taka ) / isa vibhAjana ke aucitya ke saMbaMdha meM sAhityika, bhASika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika tathA aitihAsika --- rAjanaitika aneka kAraNa batAye jA sakate haiM / bhASA kI dRSTi se vikAsa kAla kA sAhitya 'mArU gurjara' kA sAhitya hai / isake 'purAnI rAjasthAnI', 'purAnI pazcimI rAjasthAnI', 'jUnI gujarAtI', 'mArU-sauraTha' zrAdi nAma bhI diye gaye haiM; para sarvAdhika ucita nAma 'mArU gurjara' hI hai| isase tatkAlIna gujarAta aura rAjasthAna - marapradeza kI bhASAoM kA sAmUhika rUpa se bodha hotA hai / ullekhanIya hai ki vikrama 15vIM zatAbdI taka purAnI gujarAtI aura purAnI rAjasthAnI eka hI thI / 1500 ke lagabhaga donoM pRthaka pRthak huI / isaliye 'mArU gurjara' kA sAhitya gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI donoM kA sAhitya hai; donoM kA usa para samAna adhikAra hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki ina 400 sAloM meM racita sAhitya kI carcA gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke itihAsoM meM samAna rUpa se hotI hai / yadyapi bhASika dRSTi se saMvat 1500 taka gujarAtI aura rAjasthAnI alaga-alaga gaI thIM ; tathApi sAMskRtika aura kucheka aMzoM taka sAhityika paramparAoM kI dRSTi se, usake pazcAt bhI donoM meM kAphI samAnatAyeM milatI haiM / isa saMbaMdha meM DA0 sITarI kI DiMgala viSayaka dhAraNA kI zramAnyatA kA ullekha bhI Avazyaka hai kyoMki abhI bhI rAjasthAnI ke kucha vidvAna usako satya aura pramANika mAnate haiM; yahI nahIM unhoMne rAThor3a pRthvIrAja kRta 'velI', 'DholAmArU' Adi racanAoM ke pAThoM meM zabdarUpa bhI usI ke anusAra rakhe haiM / jaba ki saMbaMdhita mahatvapUrNa prAcIna pratiyoM meM aise rUpa upalabdha nahIM hote / isase rAjasthAnI ke vikAsa saMbaMdhI galata dhAraNA ko prazraya milatA hai / DA0 sITarI ne DiMgala ke do rUpa mAne haiM:--1. prAcIna DiMgala aura 2. arvAcIna DiMgala / unhoMne IsA kI 13vIM zatI se 16vIM zatI ke anta taka kI DiMgala ko prAcIna DiMgala aura IsA kI 17vIM zatI ke prArambha se Aja taka kI DiMgala ko prarvAcIna DiMgala batAyA hai / unake anusAra ina donoM meM mukhya bheda yaha hai ki prAcIna DiMgala meM jahAM 'AI' aura 'au' kA prayoga hotA hai, vahAM arvAcIna DiMgala meM unake sthAna para kramazaH 'ai' aura 'zrI' kA / unakI yaha dhAraNA nitAnta nirAdhAra hai, jisakI sapramANa puSTi prastuta paMktiyoM ke lekhaka ne anyatra kI hai; sAtha hI yaha sthApanA bhI ki pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke antima varSoM taka 'purAnI rAjasthAnI' yA 'mArU gurjara' apanA purAnA svarUpa chor3a kara nayA rUpa grahaNa kara cukI thI / prAcIna 'I', 'u' ke sthAna para navIna rUpa 'ai', 'zrI' isa zatAbdI meM pUrNarUpeNa pratiSThita ho cuke the / vikAsa kA yaha krama dhIre-dhIre prAyA / 1 'DiMgala' kI vyutpatti, artha Adi ke viSaya meM vibhinna mata prakaTa kiye gaye haiM / 'DiMgala' ko bhASA bhI mAnA gayA hai aura zailI bhI / bhASA mAnane vAloM meM bhI mataikya nahIM hai, kintu una sabakI carcA yahAM na kara itanA kahanA hI paryApta samajhatA hUM ki 'DiMgala' marubhASA yA rAjasthAnI kA hI paryAya hai; cAhe vaha sAhityika yA bolacAla kI / rAjasthAnI ke chandazAstrIya taraha se bhI isakI puSTi kI jA sakatI hai ki DiMgala thoM se isakI puSTi hotI hai / eka aura meM likhane vAloM ne usako kyA samajhA hai / do udAharaNa paryApta hoMge / 1. padama bhagata ne saMvat 1545 ke lagabhaga 'rukmaNI maMgala' yA 'harajI ro byAvalo ' nAmaka lokakAvya likhA thA / yaha rAjasthAnI ke prAcInatama prAkhyAna kAvyoM meM eka hai| kahane

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108 kI AvazyakatA nahIM ki isakI bhASA bolacAla kI marubhASA hai| isakI prAcInatama upalabdha prati saMvat 1669 kI lipibaddha hai| isameM to nahIM para isake pazcAt kI lipibaddha bahuta sI pratiyoM meM racanA ke puSpikA svarUpa yaha dohA milatA hai kavitA morI DIMgalI. nahIM vyAkaraNa gyAna / chanda prabandha kavitA nahIM, kevala hara ko dhyAna / / yaha dohA mUla kA nahIM pratIta hotA hai tathApi itanA to spaSTa hI hai ki isako likhane yA racane vAlA 'vyAMvale' ko 'DIMgalI kavitA' samajhatA hai| zrI agaracandajI nAhaTA ne saMvat 1669 vAlI prati kA pATha chapavAyA hai| usameM saMvata 1891 kI likhI huI eka anya prati kA kucha atirikta aMza bhI diyA gayA hai| jisameM ullikhita dohA bhI hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki bolacAla kI rAjasthAnI kA bhI dUsarA nAma 'DiMgala hai| 2. cAraNa svarUpadAsajI dAdUpaMthI ( samaya-saMvat 1860-1900/1925) kA 'pANDavayazendu candrikA' kAvya prasiddha hai| isameM 16 adhyAyoM meM mahAbhArata kI kathA kA sArAMza hai| isakI bhASA bahata hI sarala piMgala hai| isakI bhASA ke saMbaMdha meM svayaM kalikA kathana yaha hai piMgala DiMgala saMskRta, saba samajhana ke kAja / mizrita sI bhASA karI, kSamA karahu kavirAja / arthAt (1) DiMgala bhASA hai aura vaha (2) 'saba samajhana ke kAja' svarUpa bhASA hai| sabake samajhane lAyaka bhASA to bolacAla kI hI ho sakatI hai| ataH bolacAla kI marubhASA kI gaNanA DiMgala ke antargata hai| isa prakAra kI aneka uktiyoM ke prAdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki marubhASA yA rAjasthAnI aura DiMgala eka hI hai| rAjasthAnI sAhitya ko nimnalikhita rUpoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM:1. jaina sAhitya, 2. cAraNa sAhitya, laukika sAhitya, saMtamakti sAhitya, tathA 5. gadya saahity| prathama cAra prakAra kI racanAoM meM pratyeka kI eka viziSTa zailI lakSita hotI hai, ataH pratyeka ko usa zailI kA sAhitya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| bhArata meM aMgrejI rAjya kI sthApanA ke kucha pazcAt aura san 1857 (saMvat 1914) ke svatantratA-saMgrAma se bhI pUrva, tvarA se badalatI paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa rAjasthAnI kavitA kA svara bhI badalane lgaa| yahAM yaha ullekhanIya hai ki rAjasthAna (ajamera-meravAr3A ko chor3a kara) sIdhA aMgrejI zAsana ke antargata nahIM aayaa| yahAM kI vibhinna riyAsatoM meM vahAM ke paramparAgata narezoM kA hI rAjya rhaa| yadyapi aMgrejoM kI sArvabhauma sattA ke kAraNa unakA prabhutva sImita ho gayA thA tathApi apane-apane anekazaH Antarika mAmaloM meM ve svatantra the| adhikAMza janatA 1857 ke bAda bhI rAjAoM ke prati svAmibhakta aura rAjabhakta banI rhii| kAlAntara

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166 meM jaba deza ke anyAnya bhAgoM meM svarAjya aura svatantratA kI AvAja uThane lagI, to usakI pratidhvani zanaiH zanai: rAjasthAna meM bhI sunAI dene lgii| isa prakAra arvAcIna kAla meM paramparAgata kAvya-dhArAyeM tathA navIna bhAvanAyeM aura vicAra sAtha-sAtha milate haiN| svatantratA ke pazcAt deza meM anyatna jina bhAvoM aura vicAroM kI paramparAyeM calIM. unake pravAha meM kama-bezI rUpa meM kucha aMzoM taka sthAnIya raMgata ke sAtha rAjasthAnI sAhitya mI pravAhita huaa| parantu anaka kAraNoM se isakI gati apekSAkRta bahata manda rahI hai| yahAM rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA kevala sthUla digdarzana hI karAyA jA sakatA hai| rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM prAcInatA. pravAha nairantarya, prAmANikatA tathA racanA paura rUpa vividhatA kI daSTi se jaina sAhitya kA mahatva sarvopari hai| hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM bhI ina dRSTiyoM se hindI jaina sAhitya kA vizeSa mahatva hai kintu usakI svIkRti aura yathocita mUlyAMkana abhI kiyA jAnA bAkI hai| jaina sAhitya kI preraNA kA mUla kendra dharma hai aura usakA mukhya svara dhArmika hai / rasa kI dRSTi se yaha sAhitya mukhyataH zAntarasa pradhAna hai| rAjasthAnI meM carita aura kathAnoM se saMbaMdhita prabhUta sAhitya kA nirmANa huaa| kathAkAvyoM meM vividha prakAra ke varNita pApoM ke duSpariNAma, puNya ke prasAda tathA dharma pAlana kI mahattA jAna kara jana sAdhAraNa sahaja hI dharmonmakha hotA hai aura tadanukUla dharmapAlana meM kaTibaddha hotA hai| jaina dharma mulataH AdhyAtmika hai| jaina maniyoM kA uddezya vyakti ko dharma preraNA denA aura usako dharmonmukha karanA thaa| 'mArU-gurjara' ke vikAsa-cinha 11vIM zatAbdI se do prakAra kI apabhraMza racanAtroM meM milane lagate haiM--eka to kavi-vizeSa dvArA racita racanAoM meM aura dUsare jaina prabandha granthoM meM upalabdha apabhraMza padyoM meN| pahale prakAra ke antargata kavi dhanapAla krata 15 padyoM kI choTI sI racanA 'saccauriya mahAvIra utsAha tathA anya aisI kRtiyoM kI gaNanA hai| dUsare ke antargata (1) prabhAvaka carita, (2) prabandha cintAmaNi, (3) prabandhakoSa, (4) purAtana prabandha 'saMgraha' (5) kumArapAla pratibodha, (6) upadeza saptati Adi granthoM meM prAye padya pAte haiN| ina prabandha granthoM meM kAlakrama kI daSTi se prAcArya vaddhavAdI aura siddhasena divAkara ke prabandha meM uddhata apabhraMza aura 'mArU-gurjara' ke padyoM ko apekSAkRta prAcIna mAnA gayA hai| inameM cAraNoM ke kahe huye padya bhI upalabdha haiM jo 12vIM se 14vIM zatAbdI taka ke haiN| isa kAla meM dohA aura chappaya (kavitta)-do chanda bahuta prasiddha rahe haiN| chappayoM meM bappabhaTTasUri prabandha meM uddhRta chappaya tathA vAdidevasUri saMbaMdhita chappaya (samaya lagabhaga 12vIM zatAbdI) sarvAdhika prAcIna hai| 12vIM zatAbdI kI racanAoM meM 'mArU-gurjara' kA rUpa aura adhika khula kara sAmane prAne lagatA hai tathA uttarottara apabhraMza kA prabhAva kama hotA calatA hai| isa zatAbdI kI racanAoM meM palla kavi kRta 'jinadattasari stati' aura unakI stati rUpa racanAmoM kI gaNanA hai| donoM zatAbdiyoM kI racanAoM meM apabhraMza kA prAdhAnya hai| 13vIM zatAbdI meM aura adhika tathA apekSAkRta bar3I racanAyeM milane lagatI haiN| inameM ye mukhya haiM:--bajrasenasUri dvArA saMvat 1225 ke AsapAsa racita bharatezvara bAhubali ghora, zAlibhadrasUri kRta bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa (saMvat 1241), buddhirAsa, Asiguracita jIvadayA

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167 rAsa ( saMvat 1257), candanabAlA rAsa, nemicandra bhaNDArI kRta guru-guNavarNana, delipa kRta gayasukumAra rAsa, dharmakRta jambUsvAmirAsa, sthUlabhadrarAsa, subhadrAsatI catuSpadikA, jinapatisUri badhAvaNAgIta aura jinapitasUrijI se saMbaMdhita zrAvaka kavi rayaNa aura bhattu racita racanAyeM; pAhaNa kRta AbUrAsa, revaMtagirirAsa, jagaDU racita samyaktva mAI caupAI, pRthvIcandra kRta rasa vilAsa, abhaya devasUri racita jayaMta vijaya kAvya zrAdi Adi / inakA mahatva sAhityika dRSTi se utanA nahIM hai jitanA prAcInatA aura bhASika dRSTi se hai / ina do zatAbdiyoM ( 12vIM 13vIM) kI racanAoM meM kucha kI bhASA apabhraMza hai jisameM 'mArU gurjara' kA bhI yatkicita puTa hai tathA - kucha kI bhASA apabhraMza prabhAvita 'mArU gurjara' hai / 14vIM zatAbdI se to anekAneka racanAyeM milatI haiM jinakA nAmollekha bhI yahAM saMbhava nahIM hai / 15 vIM zatAbdI meM paurANika prasaMgoM ke atirikta lokakathAoM ko lekara bhI bhASAkAvya likhe jAne lage / vikAsa kAla kI jaina racanAoM ke liye gurjara rAsAvalI, prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha, prAcIna gujarAtI gadya saMdarbha, jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya, aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha, prAcIna phAgu saMgraha, pandramAM zatakanA prAcIna gurjara kAvya, rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya, pandramAM zatakanA cAra phAgu kAvyoM Adi granthoM meM saMgrahIta kRtiyAM dRSTavya haiM / aneka saMsthAoM aura patna-patrikAoM ke mAdhyama se saMvat 1500 ke pazcAt saikar3oM jaina racanAyeM prakAza meM lAI gaI haiN| ina sabakA saMkSipta vivaraNa bhI yahAM nahIM diyA jA sakatA / Age jaina sAhitya kI katipaya pramukha vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai:-- 1. 'mArU gurjara' ke prAcInatama rUpa kA patA jaina kRtiyoM se hI milatA hai / zatAbdI se arvAcIna kAla taka pratyeka zatAbdI ke pratyeka caraNa kI racanAyeM milatI haiM / 2. aneka racanA - prakAra aura kAvyarUpa milate haiM / prAcInatama gadya ke namUne bhI jaina kRtiyoM meM hI milate haiM / 4. racanAoM meM nIti, dharma, sadAcaraNa aura AdhyAtma kI preraNA mukhya haiM / rasapradhAna haiM / 3. 1 3vIM zAnta 5. jaina purANAnusAra kathA kAvya aura racita kAvyoM kI pracura mAtrA meM sRSTi huI hai / 1. vibhinna loka pracalita kathAnakoM ke AdhAra para bhI jaina dharmAnusAra kAvya sRjana kiyA gayA hai / vikramAditya, bhoja, alAuddIna - padmini, DholA-mArU, sadayavatsa - sAvaliMgA Adi se saMbaMdhita anekazaH racanAyeM jaina kaviyoM ne likhI haiM / A. 7. lokagItoM aura lokakathAoMoM kI deziyoM ko apanA kara loka sAhitya kA saMrakSaNa kiyA hai / bahuta se jaina kaviyoM ne prasiddha aura prAcIna lokagItoM kI deziyoM kI cAla para apanI kRtiyAM DhAlabaddha kI haiM / inase anekazaH lokagItoM kI prAcInatA aura pracalana kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai / zrI mohanalAla dulIcanda desAI ne aisI lagabhaga 2500 deziyoM kI sUcI dI hai| isa prakAra lagabhaga saMvat 1100 se vartamAna samaya taka rAjasthAnI sAhitya aneka dhArAoM meM pravAhita ho rahA hai| deza aura kAla ke anusAra kaI dhArAyeM kSINa bhI huI; kaI kiMcita parivartita bhI huI; aneka lokabhUmi kA jIvana rasa pAkara 'naI' bhI milIM parantu sAmUhika rUpa meM isakA sAtatya nirantara banA rahA /

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rAjasthAnI padya sAhityakAra 2 -zrI agaracanda nAhaTA 11vIM zatAbdI kI apabhraMza racanAoM meM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke vikAsa ke cihna milane lagate haiN| kavi dhanapAla racita 'saccauriya mahAvIra utsAha aisI hI eka racanA hai| isameM kevala 15 padya haiM lekina aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha atyadhika mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| 12vIM zatAbdI meM racita palha kavi kI jinadattasUri stuti 10 chappaya chandoM kI racanA hai, isakI bhASA apabhraMza pradhAna hai| isI prakAra jinadattasUrijI kI stuti rUpa kaI aura chappaya jaisalamera ke tADapatrIya bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta haiN| 13vIM zatAbdI meM nAgaura meM hone vAle devasUri nAmaka vidvAn AcArya dvArA apane guru municandrasUri kI stuti rUpa meM 25 padya apabhraMza meM race huye milate haiN| ina vAdidevasari ko namaskAra karake vajrasenasUri ne 'bharatezvara bAhubali ghora' nAmaka 45 padyoM kI rAjasthAnI kRti nibaddha kI thii| isameM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke putra bharata aura unake bhrAtA bAhubali ke yuddha kA varNana hai| zAlibhadrasUri kRta 'bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa' rAjasthAnI bhASA kI saMvatollekha vAlI prathama racanA hai| isameM 203 padya haiN| inhIM kI dUsarI racanA 'buddhirAsa' hai jo 63 padyoM meM pUrNa hotI hai| kavi asagu ne saMvat 1257 meM jIvadayArAsa sahajigapura ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM nibaddha kiyA thaa| kavi jAlaura kA nivAsI thaa| jaisalamera ke vahad jJAna bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta saMvat 1437 meM likhita svAdhyAya pustikA meM evaM 'candanabAlA rAsa' bhI ullekhanIya hai| saMvatollekha vAlI eka racanA 'jambUsAmirAsa' hai jise mahendrasUri ke ziSya dharma ne saMvat 1266 meM banAyI thii| 41 padyoM kI isa racanA meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke praziSya jambUsvAmI kA caritna varNita hai| inhIM kI dUsarI kRti 'subhadrAsatI catuSpAdikA' hai jo 42 padyoM kI hai| 13vIM zatAbdI kI anya racanAoM meM 'pAbUrAsa' (saMvat 1289) evaM revaMtagirirAsa ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 14vIM zatAbdI: saMvat 1307 meM bhImapallI (bhIlaDiyA) ke mahAvIra jinAlaya kI pratiSThA ke samaya abhayatilakagaNi ne 21 padyoM kA 'mahAvIra rAsa' bnaayaa| inhIM ke laghubhrAtA lakSmItilaka upAdhyAya bhI saMskRta evaM rAjasthAnI ke acche vidvAn the| inhoMne 'zAMtinAtha deva rAsa' nAmaka rAjasthAnI kAvya likhA thaa| vaha eka aitihAsika rAsa hai jisameM saMvat 1313 meM jAlora meM udayasiMha ke zAsana meM zAMti jinAlaya kI pratiSThA jinezvarasUri ne kI thI, usakA ullekha hai| saMvat 1332 meM jinaprabodhasUri dvArA racita 'zAlibhadrarAsa' 35 padyoM kI eka sundara rAjasthAnI racanA hai| isameM rAjagRhI ke samRddhazAlI seTha zAlibhadra kA caritra varNita hai| ratnasiMhasUri ke ziSya vinayacandrasUri ne saMvat 1338 meM 'bArahavata rAsa' likhA jisameM 53 padya haiN| saMvat 1341 meM jinaprabodhasUri ke paTTa para jinacandrasUri sthApita huye| unake saMbaMdha meM hemabhUSaNagaNi racita 'yugapradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri carcarI' nAmaka 25 padyoM kI racanA milI hai| saMvat 1363 meM prajJAtilaka ke samaya meM racita 'kacchulIrAsa' kI racanA koraTA 1. bhAratIya vidyA-dvitIya varSa, prathama aMka /

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(jodhapura) meM huI thii| 1. bIsa vihAramAna rAsa ' 2. zrAmaka vidhi rAsa2 samarA rAsA 3. isI taraha isa zatAbdI meM racita nimna racanAyeM aura ullekhanIya haiM: 4. 5. padmAvatI caupaI 4 6. sthUlabhadra phAga 7. zAlibhadra kAka 8. naiminAtha phAga jinakuzalasUri paTTAbhiSeka rAsa 169 1. jinodayasUri paTTAbhiSeka rAsa 2. sthUlibhadra phAga 1. 2. 3. bhaTTAraka devasundarasUri rAsa 4. cihuMgati caupAI kavi vastiga guNAkarasUri aMbadevari dharmakalaza muni janaprabhusUi jina padmasUri pauma kavi pauma kavi 15vIM zatAbdI: -- isa zatAbdI meM rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM eka nayA mor3a AtA hai / isa zatI kI prArambha kI kucha racanAoM meM apabhraMza kA prabhAva adhika hai para uttarArdha kI racanAoM meM bhASA kAphI sarala pAyI jAtI hai / bar3e-bar3e rAsa usI zatAbdI meM race jAne lage / loka kathAoM ko lekara rAjasthAnI bhASA meM kAvya likhe jAne kA prArambha bhI isI zatAbdI meM huA / rAjazekharasUri ne saMvat 1405 meM 'prabandha koSa' kI racanA kI aura 'neminAtha phAgu' nAmaka kRti ko chandobaddha kiyA / saMvat 1410 meM pUrNimAgaccha ke zAlibhadrasUri ne nAdaudrI meM devacandra ke anurodha se 'pAMca pAMDava rAsa' banAyA / isI samaya saMvat 1412 meM vinayaprabha ne 'gautamasvAmI rAsa' ko chandobaddha kiyA / isa rAsa ne atyadhika lokapriyatA prApta kI aura rAjasthAna ke kitane hI zAstra bhaNDAroM meM isakI hajAroM pANDulipiyAM upalabdha hotI haiM / saMvat 1423 meM racita 'jJAna paMcamI caupaI' 548 padyoM kI racanA hai jisake raciyatA haiM zrAvaka vidvaNu / ye jinodayasUri ke ziSya the / saMvat 1432 meM merunandanagaNi ne 'jinodayasUri gacchanAyaka vivAhalau' kI racanA kii| yaha kAvya choTA hone para bhI bahuta sundara hai / saMvat 1455 meM 'sAdhuhasa meM 222 padyoM meM 'zAlibhadra rAsa' kA nirmANa kiyA / isI samaya ke lagabhaga jayazekharasUri huye jinhoMne 'tribhuvana dIpaka prabandha' nAmaka 448 padyoM kA rUpaka kAvya likhA / pIpalagaccha ke hIrAnandasUri ne 'vastupAlatejapAla rAsa' (saM. 1484), 'vidhAvilAsa pavADA' (saM. 1485), 'kalikAla rAsa' ( 1495 ) kI racanA kI / ukta kaviyoM ke atirikta isa zatAbdI meM aura bhI kitane hI kavi huye jinhoMne rAjasthAnI meM aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kii| inameM se nimna kAvya vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiM:-- muni jJAnakalaza halarAja kavi cAMpa kavi vasto kavi jaina gurjara kavipro bhAga - 2 1 prAtmAnanda zatAbdI smAraka grantha meM prakAzita / saMvat 1368 saMvat 1371 3. prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha meM prakAzita / 4. saMvat 1371 saMvat 1377 bhairava padmAvatI kAvya, pariziSTa - 10 1 saMvat 1386 saMvat 1390 14vIM 14vIM saMvat 1415 saMvat 1409 AdhATanagara saMvat 1445 / 55 padya 15vIM zatAbdI

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170 5. siddhacakra zrIpAla rAsa 6. rANakapura stavana 7. tIrthamAlA stavana 8. RSabha rAsa evaM bharata bAhubali pavADA 9. naiminAtha navarasa phAga 10. sthUlibhadra kavitta mAMDaNa seTha mehA kavi mahA kavi guNaratnasUri saMvata 1498258 paca saMvat 1499 saMvat 1499 15vIM somasundarasUri somasundarasUri 1481 1481 madhyakAla:-- rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA madhyakAla kAphI lambe (400 varSoM) samaya kA hai aura isa kAla meM racanAyeM bhI bahuta adhika racI gaI haiN| zatAdhika jaina kavi isa samaya meM ho gaye haiM aura unameM se kaI kavi aise bhI haiM jinhoMne bahuta baDe parimANa meM sAhitya nirmANa kiyA hai| isaliye isa kAla ke saba jaina kaviyoM aura unakI racanAoM kA paricaya denA isa nibandha meM saMbhava nahIM hai| 16vIM zatAbdI se madhyakAla kA prArambha hotA hai aura usa zatAbdI kI racanAyeM to kama haiM, para 17vIM maura 18vIM zatAbdI to rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA paramotkarSa kAla hai, ataH isa samaya meM rAjasthAnI jaina sAhitya kA jitanA adhika nirmANa hamA, anya kisI bhI zatAbdI meM nahIM huaa| 19vIM zatAbdI se sAhitya nirmANa kI vaha paramparA kamajora va kSINa hone lagatI hai| utkRSTa kavi bhI 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI meM hI adhika huye haiN| gadya meM racanAyeM to bahuta thor3e vidvAnoM ne hI likhI haiN| bahata sI racanAyeM ajJAta kaviyoM kI hI haiM aura jJAta kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM bhI kinhIM meM racanAkAla aura kisI meM racanA sthAna kA ullekha nahIM milatA hai| 16vIM zatAbdI meM to racanA sthAna kA ullekha thor3e se kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI ke adhikAMza jaina kaviyoM ne racanAkAla ke sAtha-sAtha racanA sthAna kA bhI ullekha kara diyA hai| anta meM jina vyaktiyoM ke anurodha se racanA kI gaI, una vyaktiyoM kA bhI ullekha kisI-kisI racanA meM pAyA jAtA hai| kaviyoM ne apanI guru paramparA kA to ullekha prAyaH kiyA hai para apanA janma kaba evaM kahAM huA, mAtA pitA kA nAma kyA thA, ve kisa vaMza yA gotra ke the, unakI dIkSA kaba va kahAM huI, zikSA kisase prApta kI aura jIvana meM kyA kyA vizeSa kArya kiye tathA svargavAsa kaba evaM kahAM hayA, ina jJAtavya bAtoM kI jAnakArI unakI racanAmoM se prAyaH nahIM miltii| isaliye sAhityakAroM kI jIvanI para adhika prakAza DAlanA saMbhava nhiiN| unakI racanAoM ko ThIka se par3he binA unakI AlocanA karanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| isaliye prastuta nibandha meM kaviyoM kI saMkSipta jAnakArI hI dI jA skegii| madhyakAla kI jaina racanAoM meM carita kAvya jisa 'rAsa-copAI' prAdi kI saMjJA dI gaI hai, hI adhika race gaye haiN| 14-15vIM zatAbdI taka ke adhikAMza rAsa choTe-choTe the| 16vI zatAbdI meM bhI unakA parimANa madhyama sA rahA, para 17vIM va 18vIM zatAbdI meM to bahuta baDe-baDe rAsa race gaye, jinameM se kaI rAsa to 8-10 hajAra zloka parimita bhI haiN| madhyakAla meM rAsa ke svarUpa aura usakI zailI meM bhI kAphI parivartana ho gayA hai| dohA aura lokagItoM kI deziyoM kA prayoga hI madhyakAla ke rAsoM meM adhika hamA hai| kisI-kisI rAsa meM caupaI chanda kA prayoga hone se usakA nAma catuSpadI yA caupaI rakhA gayA hai para Age cala kara jaba vaha saMjJA carita kAvyAdi ke liye rUr3ha ho gaI to caupaI chanda kA prayoga na hone vAlI racanAtroM ko bhI caupaI ke nAma 'prasiddha kara diyaa| eka hI racanA ko kisI ne caupaI ke nAma se aura kisI ne rAsa ke nAma se saMbodhita kiyA hai arthAta phira rAsa aura caupaI meM koI khAsa bheda nahIM raha gayA aura carita kAvya ke liye ina donoM nAmoM kA khala kara prayoga hone lgaa| 'veli' saMjJA kAvyoM kA nirmANa bhI 16vIM se prArambha hotA hai aura sabase adhika veliyAM 17-18vIM sadI meM banAI gaI haiN|

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171 sudarzana zreSThirAsa: ___ saMvatollekha vAlI sudarzana zreSThi rAsa yA prabandha kI racanA saMvat 1501 meM huI hai / 225 padyoM ke isa rAsa ke raciyatA ke saMbaMdha meM pratyantaroM meM pATha-bheda pAyA jAtA hai| zrI mohana lAla desAI ne isakA racayitA tapAgacchIya manisUndarasUri ke ziSya saMghavimala yA zubhazIla mAnA hai, para bIkAnera ke vahada jJAna bhaNDAra meM jo prati upalabdha hai usameM 'tapAgacchI guru gautama sabhAyeM mAM zrI munisundarasUri pU.' ke sthAna para 'candragacchI gautama sabhAyeM mAM zrI candraprabhasUri' pATha milatA hai| rAsa kA carita nAyaka sudarzana seTha hai jo apane zIladharma kI niSThA ke kAraNa bahuta hI prasiddha hai| kavivara depAla:-- isa zatAbdI ke prArambha meM depAla nAmaka eka ullekhanIya sukavi hamA hai| 17vIM zatAbdI ke kavi RSabhadAsa ne apane se pUrvavartI prasiddha kaviyoM meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai| 'kocara vyavahArI rAsa' ke anusAra yaha kavi dillI ke prasiddha desalaharA, sAha samarA aura sAraMga kA mAzrita thaa| depAla kavi kI racanAoM meM tatkAlIna aneka racanA-prakAroM kA upayoga hA hai| rAsa, sUDa, caupaI, dhavala, vivAhalA, mAsa, gIta, kaDAvA evaM pUjA saMjJaka racanAyeM milatI haiM jinakI saMkhyA 18 hai| saMghakalaza:-- 16vIM zatAbdI kI jina racanAoM meM racanA sthAna, rAjasthAna ke kisI grAma yA nagara kA ullekha ho aisI sarva prathama racanA 'samyakatvarAsa' hai| yaha mAravAr3a ke talavADA gAMva meM saMvat 1505 maMgasira mahine meM racI gayI thii| saMvata 1538 kI likhI haI usakI prati pATaNa bhaNDAra meM hai| rAsa ke prArambha meM kavi ne talavADA meM 4 jaina mandira va hone kA ullekha kiyA hai :-- taba koI mAravADa kahIjaI. talavADoM teha mAha gaNIjaI, jANI je scraacrii| tihAM zrI vimala, vIra, zAMti pAsa jina sAsaNadhIra, e dhArai jiNavara namaI / RSivarddhana sUri: racanA sthAna ke ullekha vAlI kRtiyoM meM aMcalagacchIya jayakIrti sUri ziSya RSivarddhana sUri kA 'nala damayantI rAsa' ullekhanIya hai| 331 padyoM ke isa rAsa kI racanA saMvat 1512 meM cittaur3a meM huii| nala damayantI kI prasiddha kathA ko isa rAsa meM saMkSepa meM para bahuta sundara DhaMga se vyakta kI hai| prArambha aura anta ke padya isa prakAra haiM: sakala saMgha suha zAMtikara, praNamIya zAMti jinesu / dAna zIla tapa bhAvanA, puNya prabhAva bhaNesU // suNatA supuriSa bara cariya, bAghai puNya pavita / davayaMtI nalarAya nu, nisuNa cAru carita // aMta-saMvat panara bArotara varase, citrakUTa giri nayara suvAse, zrI saMghAdara ghnnii| eha carita jeha bhaNaI bhaNAvaI, Rddhi vRddhi sukha ucchavAvaI, nitu nitu mandira tasa taNaI e|

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matizekharaH- 172 isake pazcAt upakezagacchIya matizekhara sukavi ho gaye haiM / isa kavi kI kaI racanAyeM prApta hotI haiM / yadyapi unameM racanA sthAna kA ullekha nahIM hai para upakezagaccha mAravAr3a ke osiyA gAMva ke nAma se prasiddha huA aura usakA pracAra prabhAva bhI rAjasthAna meM adhika rahA, isaliye matizekhara kI racanAyeM rAjasthAna meM hI racI gaI hoMgI / inake racita 1. dhannArAsa, saMvat 1514 padya 328; 2. mayaNarehA rAsa, saMvat 1537, gAthA 347 aura 3. bAvanI prApta hai / inake atirikta 4. naiminAtha basaMta phulaDA phAga, gAthA 108; 5. kuragaDU maharSi rAsa saMvat 1536, 6. ilAputra caritra, gAthA 165 aura 7 matizekhara vAcaka pada se vibhUSita kavi the / nemigIta hai / ratnacUDa rAsa: ratnacUDa rAsa nAmaka eka aura carita kAvya isI samaya kA prApta hai para usameM racanA sthAna kA ullekha nahIM hai aura vibhinna pratiyoM meM racanA kAla aura racayitA saMbaMdhI pATha bheda pAyA jAtA hai / isI taraha kI aura bhI kaI racanAyeM haiM jinakA yahAM ullekha nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai / zrAjJAsundara : saMvat 1516 meM jinavarddhanasUri ke ziSya zrAjJAsundara upAdhyAya racita 'vidyA vilAsa caritra caupaI' 363 padyoM kI prApta 1 vivAhale : prAcArya kIrtiratnasUra kI jIvanI ke sambandha meM unake ziSya kalyANacandra ne 54 padyoM 'zrI kIrtiratnasUri vivAhalau' kI racanA kI / yaha aitihAsika kRti hai| isameM kIrtiratnasUri ke janma se svargavAsa taka kA saMvatollekha sahita vRttAMta diyA gayA hai| isI taraha kA eka aura bhI vivAhala kIrtiratnasUri ke ziSya guNaratnasUri ke saMbaMdha meM padyamandira gaNi racita prApta huA hai / kavi puNya nadi : puNyanandi ne rAjasthAnI meM 32 padyoM meM 'rUpakamAlA' kI racanA kI isa paraH saMskRta meM bhI TIkAyeM likhA jAnA vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / saMvat 1582 meM ratmaraMga upAdhyAya ne isa para bAlAvabodha nAmaka bhASA TIkA banAyI aura suprasiddha kavi samayasundara ne saMvat 1663 meM saMskRta meM cUrNi likhI / rAjazIla : kharataragaccha ke sAdhu harSa ziSya rAjazIla upAdhyAya ne cittauDa meM saMvat 1563 meM 'vikrama'caritra caupaI' kI racanA kii| isameM khAparA cora kA prasaMga varNita hai / sthAna kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai :-- racanAkAla aura panarasai trisaThI suvicArI, jeThamAsi ujjala pAkhi sArI / citrakUTa gaDha tAsa majhAri, bhaNatAM bhaviyaNa jayajayakAri /

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pAcaka dharmasamudra : - dharmasamudra vAcaka vivekasiMha ke ziSya the| inhoMne 'sumitra kumAra rAsa' saMvat 1567 meM jAlaura meM 337 padyoM meM banAyA thaa| dAnadharma ke mahAtmya para isa caritra kAvya kI racanA huii| 'kuladhvaja kumAra rAsa' ko kavi ne 1584 meM samApta kiyaa| isameM 143 padya haiN| kavi ne mevADa ke dhajilANApura meM saMvat 1573 meM zrImala sAha ke Agraha se eka kalpita kathA 'guNAkara caupaI' kI racanA kii| isameM 530 padya haiN| kavi ne 104 padyoM meM 'zakuntalA rAsa' kA nirmANa kiyaa| inake atirikta sudarzanarAsa, sukamAla sajjhAya mAdi aura bhI kitanI hI laghu racanAeM milatI haiN| sahajasundara : ... upAdhyAya ratnasamudra ke ziSya kavi sahajasundara bhI isI zatAbdI ke kavi the| saMvat 1570 se saMvat 1596 taka inakI 10-racanAyeM prApta ho cukI haiN| inake ilAtI putra sajjhAya, guNaralAkara chanda (saM. 1572), RSidattArAsa, AtmarAga rAsa, paradezI rAjA rAsa kA nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya hai / bhaktilAbha va unake ziSya cArucandra : kharataragaccha ke prasiddha vidvAna upAdhyAya jayasAgara ke praziSya bhaktilAbha upAdhyAya bhI acche vidvAna ho gaye haiN| jinakI kalpAntaravAcya, bAla-zikSA Adi saMskRta racanAoM ke 'atirikta 'laghu jAtaka' nAmaka jyotiSa grantha kI bhASA TIkA saMvat 1571 bIkAnera meM racita prApta hai| yaha rAjasthAnI ke acche kaSi bhI the, yadyapi inakI koI baDI racanA nahIM milI para sImaMdhara stavana, varakANA stavana, jIrAvalI stavana, rohiNI stavana Adi kaI stavana prApta haiN| inameM sImaMdhara stavana kA to kAphI pracAra rahA hai| bhaktilAbha ke ziSya cArucandra racita uttamakumAra caritra kI svayaM likhita prati hamAre saMgraha meM hai jo saMvat 1572 bIkAnera meM likhI gaI hai| pArzvacandra sUri : __isa zatAbdI ke anta meM aura ullekhanIya rAjasthAnI jaina kavi pAzvaMcandra sUri haiM / inake nAma se pArzvacandra gaccha prasiddha huaa| bIkAnera meM isa gaccha kI zrIpUjya gaddI hai / 'nAgaura meM bhI gaccha kA prasiddha upAzraya hai| pArzvacandra kA janma sirohI rAjya ke hamIrapura ke poravADa velagasAha kI patnI vimalAde kI kukSi se saM. 15 37 meM huA thaa| 9 varSa kI choTI Ayu meM hI unhoMne muni dIkSA svIkAra kI aura jaldI hI paDha-likha kara vidvAna bana gaye, isaliye kevala 17 varSa kI Aya meM upAdhyAya pada aura 28 varSa kI Aya meM prAcArya pada prApta kiyaa| saMvat 1612 meM jodhapura meM inakA svargavAsa haa| gadya aura padya meM inakI choTI bar3I zatAdhika * racanAyeM milatI haiN| pArzvacandra sUri kI adhikAMza racanAyeM saiddhAntika viSayA saMbaMdhI haiM / isaliye kAvya kI daSTi se, racanAyeM saMkhyA meM adhika hone para bhI. utanI ullekhanIyana inakI bAlAvabodha saMjJaka bhASA TIkAyeM tatkAlIna rAjasthAnI gadya ke svarUpa ko jAnane ke liye mahatva kI haiN| 'aMga sUtroM para sabase pahale bhASA TIkAyeM inhIM kI milatI haiN| vijayadevasUri : inake praguru puMjarAja ke ziSya vijayadevasUri kA 'zIlarAsa' kAvya kI dRSTi se bhI (choTA hone para bhI) mahatva kA hai aura usakA pracAra itanA adhika rahA hai ki pacAsauM hastalikhita

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174 pratiyAM prApta haiM; yadyapi usameM racanAkAla kA ullekha nahIM hai, para saMvat 1611 kI likhI huI prati prApta hai| pArzvacandrasUri ke paTTadhara samaracandra ko prAcArya pada saMvat 1604 meM milA thA aura usase pahale hI vijayadevasari kA svargavAsa ho gayA isaliye isa racanA ko 16vIM zatAbdI ke anta kI hI mAnI jA sakatI hai| isa rAsa kI racanA jAlaura meM huI thii| 80 padyoM kA yaha rAma prakAzita bhI ho cukA hai| 'vIsaladeva rAsa' kI taraha isakA chanda kAphI bar3A hai| isaliye 80 padyoM kA zloka parimANa 270 padyoM kA ho jAtA hai| zIla ke mahAtmya kA bar3e sundara DhaMga se aura sarala bhASA meM kavi ne nirUpaNa kiyA hai, isIliye vaha itanA lokapriya ho skaa| vAcaka vinayasamudra : isa zatAbdI ke antima kavi jinakI saM. 1611 taka kI racanA prApta hai, vAcaka vinayasamudra hue haiM jo upakeza gaccha ke vAcaka harSasamudra ke ziSya the| bIkAnera meM racI huI inakI kaI racanAyeM prApta haiN| eka jodhapura aura eka tivarI meM bhI racI gii| saMvat 1583 se 1614 taka meM racI haI inakI karIba 25 racanAyeM prApta huI haiM, jinameM se 20 kA vivaraNa rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 5, aMka 1 meM prakAzita 'vAcaka vinayasamudra' lekha meM diyA gayA hai| 17vIM zatAbdI: mAladeva : vAcaka mAladeva prAcArya bhAnadevasari ke ziSya the| saMskRta, prAkRta racanAoM ke pratirikta, kavi ne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM kitanI hI racanAyeM likhiiN| inake dvArA racita 'purandara caupaI' kA to vizeSa pracAra hai| vikrama aura bhoja ko lekara unhoMne bar3e-bar3e rAjasthAnI kAvya likhe haiN| kavi kI purandara caupaI, sUrasundara caupaI, bhoja prabandha, vikrama paMcadaNDa caupaI, aMjanA sundarI caupaI, padamAvatI padamazrI rAsa, Adi 20 se bhI adhika racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| puNyasAgara : mahopAdhyAya puNyasAgara ne subAhusaMdhi kI racanA saMvat 1694 meM jaisalamera meM kI thii| isameM 89 padya haiN| isake atirikta sAdha vandanA, nami rAjarSigIta Adi aura bhI kitanI hI racanAyeM milatI haiN| inake aneka ziSya, praziSya the aura ve sabhI rAjasthAnI ke acche vidAna the| inake ziSya padamarAja ne abhayakumAra caupaI (saM. 1650), kSullaka RSi prabandha (saM. 1667), sanatkumAra rAsa (1669) kI racanA kI thii| puNyasAgara ke praziSya paramAnanda ne devarAja vaccharAja caupaI (saM. 1675) kI racanA kI thii| sAdhukIrti : jaisalamera vRhad jJAna bhaNDAra ke saMsthApaka jinabhadrasUri kI paramparA meM amaramANikya ke ziSya upAdhyAya sAdhukItti rAjasthAnI ke acche vidvAna the| vizeSa nAmamAlA, saMghapaTTakavRtti, bhaktAmara avacari Adi saMskRta racanAoM ke atirikta mApane rAjasthAnI gadya-padya meM aneka racanAyeM kI haiN| ApakI sarvaprathama racanA saptasmaraNa bAlAvabodha saMvata 1611 kI hai| usake pazcAt dillI, alavara, nAgaura Adi nagaroM meM inhoMne aura bhI racanAyeM likhiiN|| inake gurubhrAtA kanakasoma bhI acche kavi the, jinakI jaitapadaveli (saM. 1625), jinapAlita jinarakSita rAsa (1632), ASADhabhUti dhamAla (1638), harikezI saMdhi

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178 (1640), prArdrakumAra dhamAla (1644), nemiphAga Adi kitanI hI racanAyeM upalabdha hotI kuzalalAbha : kuzalalAbha kharataragacchIya abhayadharma ke ziSya the| DholA-mArU aura mAghavAnala kAmakandalA caupaI pApakI lokapriya evaM prasiddha racanAyeM haiN| jaisalamera ke rAvala mAladeva ke kavara hararAja ke kautuhala ke liye ina donoM lokakathAoM saMbaMdhI rAjasthAnI kAvyoM kI racanA saMvata 1816 evaM 1617 meM kI thii| inake atirikta tejasAra rAsa, agaDadatta rAsa jaisI aura bhI racanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| kavivara hIrakalaza :-- bIkAnera aura nAgaura pradeza meM samAna rUpa se birAjane vAle isa kavi ne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM 'hIrakalaza joisa hIra' nAmaka mahatvapUrNa racanA saMvat 1657 meM samApta kI thii| prastuta kRti bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI ullekhanIya hai| kumati vidhvasana (saM. 1617), samyaktvakaumudI rAsa, aThAraha nAtA, ArAdhanA caupaI, motI kapAsiyA samvAda, ratanacUDa caupaI, hIyAlI prAdi aura bhI kitanI hI inakI racanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| saMvat 1615 se lekara saMvat 1657 taka ApakI karIba 40 racanAyeM prApta huI haiN| mahopAdhyAya samayasundara : rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke sabase bar3e gItakAra evaM kavi ke rUpa meM mahopAdhyAya samayasundara kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| saMvat 1641 se 1708 taka 60 varSoM meM ApakA sAhitya-racanA kA dIrghakAla hai| 'rAjA no dadate saukhyama' ina ATha akSaroM ke vAkya ke Apane 10 lAkha se bhI adhika artha karake samrATa akabara aura samasta sabhA ko Azcarya cakita kara diyA thaa| 'sItArAma caupaI' nAmaka rAjasthAnI jaina rAmAyaNa kI eka DhAla Apane sAMcaura meM banAyI thii| rAjasthAnI gadya-padya meM ApakI saikaDoM racanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM, jinameM 563 racanAyeM 'samayasundara kRti kusumAMjali' meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| sambapradyumna caupaI, mRgAvatI rAsa (1668), priyamelaka rAsa (1672), zavajaya rAsa, sthUlibhadra rAsa Adi racanAoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| ApakA ziSya parivAra bhI vizAla thA aura jisakI paramparA abhI taka upalabdha hai| ukta kaviyoM ke atirikta vimalakIrti, nayaraMga, jayanidhAna, vAcaka gaNaratna, cAritnasiMha, dharmaratna, dharmapramoda, kalyANadeva, vIravijaya, hemaratnasUri, sAraMga, upAdhyAya jayasoma, upAdhyAya guNavinaya, upAdhyAya labdhikallola, mahopAdhyAya sahajakIrti, zrIsAra, vinayameru, vAcaka sUracandra Adi kitane hI rAjasthAnI kavi haye haiM jinhoMne rAjasthAnI bhASA ko apanI sAhitya sarjanA kA mAdhyama banA kara usake pracAra-prasAra meM yoga diyaa| samrATa akabara pratibodhaka yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri ke aneka ziSya evaM praziSya the jo rAjasthAnI ke acche vidvAna the| aise vidvAnoM meM samayapramoda, muniprabha, samayarAja upAdhyAya, harSavallabha, sumatikallola, dharmakIrti, zrIsundara, jJAnasundara, jIvarAja, jinasiMhasUri, jinarAjasUri prAdi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / isI zatAbdI meM hone vAle bhuvanakIrti kI saMvat 1667 se 1706 taka racanAyeM milatI haiM jinameM bharatabAhubali caupaI, gajasukumAla caupaI, aMjanAsundarI rAsa ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN|

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176 lAvaNyakIrti kharataragacchIya jJAnavilAsa ke ziSya the| inakI sabase ullekhanIya 'rAmakRSNa caupaI' hai jo chaha khaNDoM meM kRSNa aura balarAma ke caritra ko lekara likhI gaI hai / lAbhodaya kharataragacchIya bhavanakIrti ke ziSya the| inake dvArA racita 'kayavannA rAsa' mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / guNanandana sAgaracandrasUri zAkhA ke vidvAna jJAnapramoda ke ziSya the / inake dvArA racita ilAputra rAsa (saM. 1676 ) ullekhanIya kRti hai / inake atirikta kavivara labdhiratna, devarala mahimAmeru, labdhirAja, kalyANakalaza, padmakumAra, kanakakIrti evaM lakhapata ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 18vIM zatAbdI satarahavIM zatI rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA utkarSa kAla thA / usakA prabhAva 18vIM ke pUvArddha taka rahA, phalataH pUrvArddha meM kaI viziSTa vidvAnoM evaM sukaviyoM ke darzana hote haiM jinameM se kucha kA janma 17vIM meM aura kucha kaviyoM kA janma 17vIM ke anta meM huA hai / aise vidvAnoM maiM tapAgaccha meM u. meghavijaya, vinayavijaya, yazovijaya evaM kharataragaccha meM dharmavarddhana, jinaharSa, yogIrAja AnaMdaghana, lakSmIvallabha, jinasamudrasUri evaM uttarArddha meM zrImaddevacandra vizeSa rUpa se ullekha yogya haiM / inameM se meghavijaya kA vihAra to rAjasthAna meM rahA para unakI kAvyAdi racanAeM saMskRta meM hI adhika haiM / vyAkaraNa, kAvya, jyotiSa, sAmudrika, maMtra, chaMda, nyAya Adi ke Apa prakANDa vidvAna the / yazovijaya, vinayavijaya kA vihAra gujarAta meM hI adhika. hai / inakI saMskRta ke sAtha lokabhASA kI bhI pracura racanAyeM prApta haiM para unakI bhASA gujarAtI. hai / jinaharSa evaM devacandra do aise vidvAna haiM jinakA uttarakAla (jIvana) gujarAta meM bItA / zrataH ApakI pUrvavartI racanAeM rAjasthAnI meM aura paravartI racanAyeM gujarAtI bhASA meM pAI jAta haiM / isa zatI ke do jaina kaviyoM ne mAtRbhASA kI anupama sevA kI hai| inakI samasta racanAyeM lokabhASA kI hI haiM aura unakA samagra parimANa lAkha zlokoM ke barAbara hai / ve haiM - jinaha aura jinasamudra sUri / vaise jayaraMga, sumatiraMga, dharmamandira, labdhodaya, abhayasoma, lAbhavarddhana, kuzaladhIra, amaravijaya, vinayacanda, Anandaghana, lakSmIvallabha, zramavijaya Adi pacAsoM kaviyoM ne rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke bhaNDAra ko bharA hai / kavivara jinaharSa ApakA nAma jasarAja thA aura dIkSita avasthA kA nAma jinaharSa hai / zrApakI guru paramparA kharataragaccha ke prakaTa prabhAvI dAdA zrI jinakuzalasUri ke praziSya kSemakIrti kSema zAkhA se saMbaMdhita hai evaM paravartI paramparA meM bIkAnera ke zrI pUjya jinavijayendra sUri eka dazaka pUrva vidyamAna the / ApakI sarvaprathama racanA saM. 1704 kI upalabdha hone se janma saM. 1675 ke lagabhaga honA sambhava hai / dIkSA jinarAjasUri ke hAtha se saM. 1690 ke lagabhaga huI hogI / zrApakA janma to mAravADa meM hI honA sunizcita hai, kyoMki saM. 1704 se 1735 taka kI racanAyeM bhI ApakI mAravADa pradeza meM hI racita haiM / zrApake bar3e-bar3e granthoM kI sUcI isa prakAra candanamalayAgirI cau., saM. 1704; vidyAvilAsa rAsa, saM. 1711 sarasA; maMgalakalaza cau., saM. 1714; matsyodara rAsa, saM. 1718 bAhaDamera; zIlanavavADa samyak, saM. 1729; naMdabahattarI, saM. 1714; gajasukumAla cau., saM. 1714; jinapratimA huNDI rAsa, saM. 1725; kusumazrI rAsa, saM. 1719, mRgAputra cau., saM. 1714 satyapura; mAtRkA bAvanI, saM. 1730, jJAtAsUta sajjhAya, saM. 1736 pATaNa; samakita satamI, saM. 1786; sukarAja rAsa, saM. 1736 pATaNa;

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197 zrIpAla rAsa, saM. 1740; ratnasiMha rAsa, saM. 1741; zrIpAla rAsa saMkSipta saM. 1742; avaMtI sukumAla rAsa, saM. 1741 rAjanagara; uttamakumAra rAsa saM. 1745 pATaNa; kumArapa la rAsa saM. 1742 pATaNa; amaradatta mitrAnanda rAsa saM. 1749 pATaNa; candana malayAgirI caupAI saM. 1744 pATaNa; harizcandra rAsa saM. 1744 pATaNa ; haribalamacchI rAsa saM. 174 ; sudarzana seTha rAsa saM. 1744/ajitasena kanakAvatI rAsa saM. 1751; gaNAvalI rAsa saM. 1751; mahAbala malayAsundarI rAsa saM. 1751; zava jaya mahAtmya rAsa saM. 1755: satyavijaya nirvANa rAsa saM. 1756; ratnacaDa rAsa saM. 175% abhayakumAra rAya , vibhAjana rAsa saM. 1758; ratnasAra rAsa saM. 1759; kyarasvAmI rAsa saM. 1. sAraNa; jambUsvAmI rAsa saM. 1760 pATaNa; Alibhadra sahAya saM. 1760 pATaNa ; narmadAsAdarIsajjhAya saM. 1710 pATaNa; pArAmasobhA rAsa. 1761 pATaNa; vasudeva rAsa saM. 1762 pATaNa ; jasarAja bAbanI saM. 1738 pATaNa; meghakumAra cauDhAliyA pATaNa; yazodhara rAsa saM. 1747 pATaNa; zrImatI rAsa saM. 1761 pATaNa; kanakAvatI rAkha., upamiti bhavaprapaMcArAsa saM. 1745%; RSidatta rAsa saM. 174 pATaNa; zIlavatI rAsa saM. 1758; ratnezvara ratnAvatI rAsa saM. 1759; caubIsI (hindI) saM. 1738; vIzI saM. 1745; dasa vaikAlika dasa gIta saM. 1737; dohA saMgraha, caubolI kathA Adi; vividha stavana saljhAya Adi; rAjasiMha carita cau. saM. 1708; upadeza chattIsI savaiyA (hindI) saM. 17133; sarvayA 393; vIsI saM. 1727,gAthA 144;AhAra doSa chattIsI saM. 1773 gAthA 36; vairAgya chattIsI saM. 1727, gAthA 36; AdinAtha stavana saM. 17383; sammetasikhara yAtrA stavana saM. 1744; abharasena vayarasena rAsa saM. 1744; dIvAlI kalpabAlAvabodha, saM. 1751: zataM jaya yAtrAstavana saM. 1759; kalAvatI rAsa saM. 1759%; pUjA paMcAzikA bAlAvabodha saM. 1703nemi caritra (zIlopadezamAlA-zIlatAMtrika bodha) / jinasamudrasUri: ApakA janma zrI zrImAla jAtIya zAha hararAja kI bhAryA lakhamAdevI kI kukSi se huA / ApakA janma sthAna evaM saMvat abhI taka ajJAta hai| jaisalamera bhaNDAra kI eka paTTAvalI meM likhA hai, ki pAgane 31 varSa sAdhu pada pAlA, aura saM. .713 meM prAcArya pada prApta kiyaa| Apake guru zrI jinacandrari the| ApakI sAdha avasthA kA nAma mahimasamadra thA jo ki ApakI aneka racanAyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| ApakI racanAyoM se patA calatA hai ki pApakA vihAra jaisalamera ke nikaTavartI sindha prApta evaM jodhapura rAjya meM hI vizeSa taura se huA thaa| saM. 1713 meM begar3a gaccha ke prAcArya jinacandrasUri kA svargavAsa hone para Apako inake paTTadhara ke rUpa meM mAcArya pada prApta hmaa| saM. 174 ko kArtika sudI 15 ko varddhanapura meM Apa svarga sidhaare| ApakI sarvaprathama racanA neminAtha phAgasaM. 162kI racanA hai tathA antima kRti sarvArthasiddhi maNimAlA hai jo saMvata 1740 meM pUrNa haI thii| isake atirikta 25 racanAyeM aura haiM jinameM vasudeva caupaI, RSidattA caupaI, rukmaNi caritra, gaNasundara caupaI, pravacana racanAvali, manorathamAlA bAvanA ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| mahopAdhyAya labdhodayaH ye jinamANigyasuri zAkhA ke vidvAn evaM jinaraMganuri kI gaddI ke prAjJAvartI the / kavi kI prathama racanA padimanI caritra caupaI kI racanA saMvata 1706 udayapura meM haI thii| isake bAda kI sabhI racanAyeM udayapura, gogundA, evaM dhulevA meM racita hai| kavi kI anya upalabdha racanAyoM meM ratna caDa maNicUDa cIpaI, malayasundarI caupaI, gaNAvalI caupaI hai| sabhI racanAyeM bhASA evaM sAhitya kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa haiN| kavi apane samaya ke prasiddha vidvAn santa the|

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198 jayaraMga (jaitasI): ApakA janma nAma jaitasI va dIkSA kA nAma jayaraMga thaa| saMvat 1700 se 1739 taka kI ApakI racanAyeM milatI haiN| unameM amarasena vayarasana caupaI, dazavakAlika gIta (1707), kayavannArAsa (1721) Adi ke nAma pramukha haiN| yogIrAja prAnandadhana:-- ApakA mala nAma lAbhAnanda thaa| Anandadhana kI racanAyeM anabhati pradhAna haiN| ye mer3ate meM kAphI rahe the| Apake adhikAMza pada prAdhyAtmika paraka haiN| ukta kaviyoM ke atirikta abhayasoma, mahimodaya, sumatiraMga, lAbhavarddhana, rAjalAbha, dharmamandira, upAdhyAya lakSmIvallabha, kamalaharSa, mahopAdhyAya dharmavarddhana, kuzaladhIra, yazovarddhana, vinayacandra ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / kucha kaviyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimna prakAra hai: labdhivijaya ke ziSya mahimodaya ne saMvata 1722 meM zrIpAla rAsa kI racanA kii| sukavi sumati raMga ne kitane hI AdhyAtmika graMthoM kA rAjasthAnI meM anuvAda kiyaa| ApakI pramukha racanAoM meM jJAnakalA caupaI, yogazAstra caupaI. harikaisI saMdhi, caubIsajina savaiyyA Adi ullekhanIya haiN| __ lAbhavarddhana kavivara jinaharSa ke gurubhrAtA the| janma nAma bAlacanda thaa| Apa acche kavi the| aba taka inakI 11 racanAyeM prApta ho cukI haiN| jinameM lIlAvatI rAsa (saM. 1728) vikrama paMcadaNDa caupaI (saM. 1733) 'pApabaddhi caupaI Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| inhIM ke samAna kavivara rAjalAbha, dharmamandira, upAdhyAya lakSmIvallabha kI sAhityaka sevAyeM ullekhanIya haiM / mahopAdhyAya dharmavarddhana rAjasthAnI bhASA ke utkRSTa kaviyoM meM se hai| janma nAma dharmasI thaa| Apa rAjamAnya kavi the| mahArAjA sujANasiMha ke diye patroM meM Apako sAdara vaMdanA likhI hai| zreNika caupaI (1719); amarasena vayarasaina caupaI (1724); surasundarI rAsa (1736); zIla rAsa Adi ApakI ullekhanIya racanAyeM haiN| kuzaladhIra vAcaka kalyANalAbha ke ziSya the| kavi ke sAtha bhASA TIkAkAra bhI the| saM. 1696 meM kRSNaveli kA bAlAvabodha bhAvasiMha ke Agraha se likhA thaa| zIlavatI rAsa (1722), lIlAvatI rAsa (1728), bhoja caupaI Adi ApakI pramukha racanAyeM haiN| yazovarddhana ratnavallabha ke ziSya the| inake ratnahAsa rAsa, candanamalayagirI rAsa, jambUsvAmI rAsa evaM vidyAvilAsa rAsa prApta hote haiN| kavivara vinayacandra mahopAdhyAya samayasundara kI paramparA meM jJAnatilaka ke ziSya the| ApakI uttamakumAra rAsa, bIsI, caubIsI, evaM ekAdasa aMga sajjhAya (1755) tathA zatraM jaya rAsa (1755) racanAyeM milatI haiN| isI taraha lakSmIvinaya, zrImad devacandra evaM amaravijaya bhI rAjasthAnI bhASA ke acche kavi the / amara vijaya kI aba taka 25 racanAyeM prApta ho cukI haiN| jinameM bhAvapaccIsI (1761), meghakUmAra cauDhAliyA (1774); sUkUmAla caupaI, sudarzana caupaI, akSarabattIsI, upadeza battIsI Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| . __rAmavijaya dayAsiMha ke ziSya the| ApakA janma nAma rUpacanda thaa| ApakI gadyapadya donoM meM racanAyeM milatI haiN| rAjasthAnI padya racanAoM meM citrasena padyAvatI caupaI, neminAtharAso, prosavAla rAsa, AbU stavana Adi ke nAma pramukha rUpa se liye jA sakate haiM /

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179 sukavi rughapati kharataragacchAcArya jinasukhasUri ke ziSya vidyAnidhAna ke ziSya the / prApakI samasta racanAyeM rAjasthAnI bhASA meM haiN| saMvat 1788 se 1848 taka ApakA sAhitya nirmANa kAla hai| naMdiSeNa caupaI, zrIpAla caupaI, ratnapAla caupaI, subhadrA caupaI, chappaya, bAvanI, upadeza battIsI evaM upadeza rasAla battIsI ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| isa zatAbdI ke anya kaviyoM meM bhuvanasena (1701), sumativallabha ( 1720),zrIsoma (1725), kanakanidhAna, matikuzala (1722), rAmacandra (1711), vinayalAbha (1748), kUzalasAgara, (1736), jinaratnasari (1700-11), kSemaharSa (1704), rAjahaSaM, rAjasAra, dayAsAra, jinasundarasUri, jinaraMgasUri (1731), labdhisAgara (1770), jinavarddhanasUri (1710), jayasoma (1703), vidyAruci aura labdhiruci, mAnasAgara (1724-59), udayavijaya, sukhasAgara, jaise pacAsoM kavi huye jinhoMne rAjasthAnI bhASA kI apUrva sevA kI / 19vIM zatAbdI:-- ___17vIM zatAbdI ke svarNayuga kI sAhitya dhArA 18vIM zatAbdI taka ThIka se calatI rahane para 19vIM zatAbdI se usakI gati manda par3a gii| yadyapi 5-7 kavi isa zatAbdI meM bhI mahatvapUrNa huye haiM para inheM paravartI kaviyoM kI Takkara meM nahIM rakhA jA sakatA / racanAoM kI vizAlatA, vividhatA aura guNavattA sabhI dRSTiyoM se 19vIM zatAbdI ko avanata kAla kahA jA sakatA hai| isa zatAbdi meM hone vAle pramukha, kaviyoM meM Alamacanda, ratnavimala, jJAnasAra, lAbhacanda, upAdhyAya kSamAkalyANa, matilAbha, khuzyAlacanda, udayakamala, guNakamala, cAritrasundara, jinalAbhasUri, zivacandra, amarasindhura, satyaratna, udayaratna, gumAnacandra, jayaraMga, tatvakumAra, giradharalAla, jagannAtha, kSamApramoda, jayacanda, hemavilAsa, jJAnakIrti, dayAmeru, agaracandra, vinayasAgara ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN|

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rAjasthAnI kavi 3 -- DA. vizva ke itihAsa meM 15 - 16vIM zatAbdI vaicArika krAnti aura grAcAragata pavitratA kI zatAbdI rahI hai / yUropa meM popavAda ke viruddha mArTina lUthara ne krAnti kA zaMkhanAda kiyA / bhArata meM paMjAba meM gurunAnaka, madhyapradeza meM saMta kabIra aura dakSiNa meM nAmadeva Adi ne dhArmika zrADambara, bAhyAcAra, jar3apUjA Adi ke viruddha AvAja bulanda kara janamAnasa ko zuddha sAtvika Antarika dharmasAdhanA kI aura prerita kiyaa| isI kar3I meM mahAn krAntikArI vIra loMkAmAha huye jinhoMne jaina dharma meM pracalita rUr3hivAditA tathA jar3atA kA unmUlana kara sAdhvAcAra kI maryAdA aura saMyama kI kaThoratA para bala dete huye guNapUjA kI pratiSThA kI / lokAzAha dvArA kiye gaye prayatnoM kI isI pRSThabhUmi meM sthAnakavAsI paramparA kA udbhava, vikAsa aura prasAra huA / - DA. narendra bhAnAvata, (zrImatI) zAntA bhAnAvata lokAzAha ke janmasthAna, samaya aura mAtA-pitA Adi ke nAma ke saMbaMdha meM vibhinna mata haiM para sAmAnyataH yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki unakA janma saMvat 1472 kI kArtika zuklA pUrNimA ko arahaTavAr3A meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma hemA bhAI aura mAtA kA gaMgA bAI thA / ahamadAbAda meM inhoMne apanA ratna- vyavasAya prArambha kiyA aura thor3e hI samaya meM apanI prAmANikatA, zramazIlatA aura dUradarzitA se isa kSetra camaka uThe / gujarAta ke tatkAlIna bAdazAha muhammada ne inakI kArya kuzalatA aura vivekazIlatA se prabhAvita hokara inheM khajAMcI banA liyaa| itanA saba kucha hote huye bhI loMkAzAha vaibhava aura aizvarya meM nahIM ulajhe / prArambha se hI tatvazodhaka the / zAstroM ke gahana adhyayana aura pratilekhana se unake jJAnacakSu khula gaye aura samAja meM vyApta zithilatA tathA AgamoM meM varNita AcaraNa kA prabhAva dekha inheM bar3A AghAta pahuMcA / inhoMne tapa, tyAga, saMyama aura sAdhanA dvArA Atmazuddhi ke zAzvata satya ko udghoSita karane kA dRr3ha saMkalpa kara liyA / tatkAlIna ghora virodha aura viSAkta vAtAvaraNa meM bhI inhoMne apanI vicAra dhArA kA khAkara pracAra kiyA / inake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara lakhamasI, bhANajI, najI Adi logoM ne ina sAtha diyaa| isa prakAra lokAzAha ke mAdhyama se dhArmika jagata meM mahAn krAnti kA sUtrapAta huA / 1 1. loMkAgaccha kI paramparA kA rAjasthAna meM bhI khUba pracAra huA / jAlora, sirohI, nAgaura, bIkAnera aura jaitAraNa meM loMkAgaccha kI gaddiyAM pratiSThApita ho gaI / kAlAntara meM zAha ke 100 varSoM bAda yaha gaccha mukhyataH tIna zAkhAoM meM baMTa gayA -- gujarAtI loMkA, gaurI loMkA, aura lAhorI uttarAdhI loMkA tathA dhIre-dhIre dhArmika krAnti kI jyoti maMda r3ane lagI / kriyA meM zithilatA Ane ke kAraNa parigraha kA prAdurbhAva hone lagA / phalataH kAnti zikhA ko punaH prajvalita karane ke liye kucha grAtmArthI sAdhaka kriyoddhAraka ke rUpa meM rAmane Aye / inameM mukhya the pUjya zrI jIvarAja jI, dharmasiMha jI, lavajI, dharmadAsajI aura dekhiye- dharmavIra lokAzAha : marudhara kesarI zrI mizrImalajI ma. / 180

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haridAsa jI mahArAja / rAjasthAna meM jisa sthAnakavAsI paramparA kA vikAsa huA hai, vaha inhIM mahAn kriyoddhAraka mahApuruSoM se saMbaddha hai / 1 181 loM kAgaccha aura sthAnakavAsI paramparA kA rAjasthAna ke dhArmika jIvana, sAmAjika jAgaraNa aura sAhityaka vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai / isa paramparA meM zatAdhika kavi aura zAstrajJa huye haiM jinhoMne apane upadezoM aura sAdhanAmaya jIvana se loka mAnasa ko upakRta kiyA hai / para yaha kheda kA viSaya hai ki inakI sAhityika nidhi kA abhI taka samucita mUlyAMna nahIM ho pAyA hai / isakA mukhya kAraNa yaha rahA hai ki inakA kRtitva hastalikhita pratiyoM ke rUpa meM yatra-tatra bikharA par3A hai aura usake vyavasthita saMgraha-saMrakSaNa kI dizA meM Thosa prayatna varSoM taka nahIM kiyA gayA / prAcArya zrI hastImala jI mahArAja sAhaba kI preraNA se prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, lAla bhavana, jayapura meM isa paramparA ke sAhitya kA vizAla saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / isa dizA meM marudharakesarI zrI mizrImalajI ma. sA. evaM muni zrI mizrImalajI 'madhukara' ne bhI vizeSa preraNA dI hai / saMgrahIta granthoM ke viSayavAra sUcIkaraNa kA kArya aba bhI nahIM hai / isake prabhAva meM zodhakartAoMoM ko bhArI dikkata kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai / isa dizA meM AcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra grantha sUcI bhAga-1 kA prakAzana mahatvapUrNa kadama hai jisameM 3710 racanAoM kA vivaraNa prakAzita kiyA gayA hai / aise sUcIpatra kaI bhAgoM meM prakAzita hone para hI yaha sAhitya zodhArthiyoM ke sammukha grA sakatA hai aura tabhI isakA samucita mUlyAMkana saMbhava hai / sthAnakavAsI paramparA kI mukhya bAIsa zAkhAyeM hone se yaha 'bAisa TolA' ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai / sabhI zAkhAoM kA nyUnAdhika rUpa se sAhityika vikAsa meM yogadAna rahA hai / para kendrIya saMsthAna ke abhAva meM sabhI zAkhAoMoM kI bikharI huI sAhityika sampadA sAkSAtkAra karanA saMbhava nahIM hai / prayatna karane para hameM jo jAnakArI prApta ho sakI usI ke AdhAra para yaha nibandha prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / isa bAta kI pUrI saMbhAvanA hai ki isameM kaI kaviyoM ke nAma chUTa gaye hoM / sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jaina muniyoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhviyoM aura unake anuyAyI zrAvakoM kI bhI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai aura inakI saMkhyA saikar3oM meM hai / lokAgaccha kI paramparA ke kaviyoM meM jasavaMtajI, rUpaRSi, gaNi tejasiMha jI, kezavajI yAdi pramukha haiM / 3 yahAM pramukha kaviyoM kA paricaya saMta kavi, zrAvaka kavi aura sAdhvI kavayitriyoM ke prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / krama se 1. dekhiye -- (a) paTTAvalI prabandha saMgraha saM. AcArya zrI hastImalajI ma. / (va) jaina AcArya caritAvalI : grAcArya zrI hastImalajI ma. / sampAdaka - DA. narendra bhAnAvata / 2. 3. isa saMbaMdha meM " muni zrI hajArImala smRti graMtha' meM prakAzita muni kAMti sAgarajI kA lekha "lokAzAha kI paramparA aura usakA ajJAta sAhitya," pR. 214-253 tathA zrI AlamazAha khAna kA lekha 'loMkAgaccha kI sAhitya sevA' pR. 201-213 vizeSa duSTavya haiM /

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183 (a) saMta kavi 1. jayamalla:-- saMta kavi AcArya zrI jayamalla jI kA sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke kaviyoM meM viziSTa sthAna hai| inakA janma saMvat 1765, bhAdavA sudI 13 ko lAMbiyA (jodhapura)nAmaka gAMva meM huA inake pitA kA nAma mohana lAla jI samadar3iyA tathA mAtA kA nAma mahimAdevI thaa| sNvt| 1788 meM inhoMne prAcArya zrI bhadhara jI ma.sA. ke pAsa dIkSA vrata aMgIkAra kiyaa| ye sAdhanA meM vajra kI taraha kaThora the| zramaNa jIvana meM praveza karate hI ekAntara (eka dina upavAsa, eka dina AhAra) tapa karane lge| yaha tapArAdhanA 16 varSa taka nirantara caralatI rhii| apane guru ke prati inakI asIma zraddhA thii| bhadhara jI ke svarga sidhArane para inhoMne kabhI na leTane kI pratijJA kI thI phala svarUpa 50 varSa (jIvana paryanta) taka ye leTa kara na soye| saMvata 1853 kI vaizAkha zuklA catudarzI ko nAgaura meM inakA svargavAsa huaa| prAcArya jayamalla jI apane samaya ke mahAn prAcArya aura prabhAvazAlI kavi the| sAmAnya janatA se lekara rAjavarga taka inakA samparka thaa| jodhapura nareza abhayasiMha jI, bIkAnera nareza gajasiMha jI, udayapura ke mahArANA rAyasiMha jI (dvitIya) ke atirikta jayapura aura jaisalamera ke tatkAlIna nareza bhI inakA bar3A sammAna karate the| pokaraNa ke ThAkura devI siMha jI cAMpAvata, devagar3ha ke jasavaMtarAya, delavADA ke rAva raghu Adi kitane hI saradAra inake upadeza sunakara dharmAnarAgI bane aura AkheTa caryA na karane kI pratijJA kii| 'sUraja prakAza' ke raciyatA yazasvI kavi karaNIdAna bhI inake samparka meM Aye the| muni zrI mizrIlAla jI 'madhukara' ne bar3e parizrama se inakI yatra-tatra bikharI huI racanAoM kA 'jayavANI' nAma se saMkalana kiyA hai| isa saMkalana meM inakI 71 racanAyeM saMkalita haiM / ima samasta racanAoM ko viSaya kI daSTi se cAra khaNDoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-stuti, sajjhAya, upadezI pada aura critr| ina saMkalita racanAoM ke atirikta bhI inakI aura kaI racanAyeM vibhinna bhaNDAroM meM surakSita haiN| hamArI dRSTi meM jo naI racanAyeM haiM unameM se kucheka ke nAma isa prakAra haiN| 1. candanabAlA kI sajjhAya 3. zrImatI jI nI DhAla 5. aMjanA ro rAsa 7. kalakalI kI DhAla 9. krodha kI sajjhAya 11. solaha satI kI sajjhAya va caupaI 13. durlabha manuSya janma kI sajjhAya 15. ilAyacI putra ko cauDhAliyo 17. nava niyANA kI DhAlo 19. mithyA upadeza niSedha sajjhAya 21. bajra purandara cauDhAliyA magalor3hA kI kathA 4. mallinAtha carita 6. pAMca pAMDava carita 8. naMdana manihAra 10. prAnanda zrAvaka 12. ajitanAtha stavana 14. rAvaNa-vibhISaNa saMvAda 16. nava tatva kI DhAla 18. dAna-zIla-tapa-bhAvanA sajjhAya 20. . laghu sAdhu bandanA 22. kuMDarIka puNDarIka cauDhAliyA 1. prakAzaka-sammati jJAnapITha, AgarA / ina samasta racanAoM kI hastalikhita pratiyAM prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaMDAra. lAla bhavana, jayapura meM surakSita haiN|

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180 4. surapitA kA dohA 25. aMbaDa sanyAsI 24. rohiNI 26. karma phala pd| jayamalla jI kI racanAoM kA parimANa kAphI vistata hai| inake kavi-vyaktitva meM saMta kaviyoM kA vidroha aura bhakta kaviyoM kA samarpaNa eka sAtha dikhAI par3atA hai| prabandha kAvya meM unhoMne tIrtha karoM, satiyoM, vratI zrAvakoM Adi ko apanA varNya viSaya banAyA hai| muktaka " kAvya meM jaina darzana ke tAtvika siddhAMtoM ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana ko unnata banAne vAlI vyAvahArika bAtoM kA sarala, subodha DhaMga se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| saMskRta, prAkRta ke viziSTa jJAtA hote huye bhI inhoMne apanI racanAyeM bolacAla kI sarala rAjasthAnI bhASA meM hI likhI haiN|| (2) kuzalo jI : inakA janma saMvat 1767 meM seThoM kI rIyAM (mAravAr3a) meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma lAdhUrAma jI caMgeriyA aura mAtA kA kAnU bAI thaa| saMvat 1794 meM phAlguna zuklA saptamI ko inhoMne pUjya AcArya zrI bhUdhara jI ma. se dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| AcArya zrI jayamalla jI ma. inake bar3e guru bhAI the| saMvat 1840 jyeSTha kRSNA chaTha ko inakA svargavAsa huaa| Apa apane samaya ke prabhAvazAlI saMta the| pUjya ratnacandra jI ma. kI paramparA ke ye mUla stambha mAne jAte haiN| zAstrajJa vidvAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha ye kavi bhI the| inakI racanAyeM jJAna bhaNDAroM meM bikharI par3I haiN| jina racanAoM kI jAnakArI milI hai unameM stavana aura upadezI padoM ke atirikta 'rAjamatI sajjhAya', sAdhugaNa kI sajjhAya, dazAraNa bhadra ko cauDhAliyo, dhannA jI DhAla, nemanAtha jI kA silokA, vijaya seTha,-vijayA seThAnI kI sajjhAya, sItA jI kI AloyaNA Adi mukhya haiN| (3) rAyacandaH inakA janma saMvat 1796 kI Azvina zuklA ekAdazI ko jodhapura meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma vijayacandajI ghADIvAla tathA mAtA kA nAma nandA devI thaa| saMvat 1814 kI ASAr3ha zuklA ekAdazI ko pIpAr3a zahara meM inhoMne AcArya zrI jayamalla jI se dIkSA vrata aMgIkAra kiyA / 65 varSa kI Ayu meM saMvat 1861 kI caitra zuklA dvitIyA ko rohiTa gAMva meM inakA svargavAsa huaa| prAcArya zrI rAyacanda jI apane samaya ke prakhyAta kavi aura prabhAvazAlI prAcArya the| inakI vANI meM mAdhurya aura vyaktitva meM AkarSaNa thaa| jo bhI inake samparka meM prAtA, inakA apanA bana jaataa| saphala kavi, madhura vyAkhyAtA hone ke sAtha-sAtha ye prakhara carcAvAdI bhI the| inhoMne rItikAlIna uddAma vAsanAtmaka zrRgAradhArA ko bhaktikAlIna prazAMta sAdhanAtmaka prema dhArA kI ora modd'aa| inakI do sau se adhika racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| pramukha racanAoM ke nAma * 1. inake jIvana aura kavitva ke saMbaMdha meM vistRta jAnakArI ke liye dekhiye:-- (a) santa kavi AcArya zrI jayamalla : vyaktitva aura kRtitva--zrImatI uSA baaphnaa| (ba) muni zrI hajArImala smRti graMtha meM prakAzita DA. narendra bhAnAvata kA lekha 'saMta ___ kavi prAcArya zrI jayamalla : vyaktitva aura kRtitva', pR. 137-15 5 / 2. inakI hastalikhita pratiyAM a. vi. jJA. bha. jayapura meM surakSita haiN|

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184 haiM-pATha karmoM kI caupAI, jambU svAmI kI sajjhAya, nandana maNihAra kI caupAI, mallinAtha jI kI caupAI, mahAvIra jI ko cauDhAliyo, kamalAvatI kI DhAla, evantA RSi kI DhAla, gautamasvAmI ko rAsa, ASAr3ha bhati mani ko paMcaDhAliyo. satI naramadA kI caupAI, karakaMDu kI caupAI, devakI rANI kI r3hAla, metAraja mani caritra rAmami kA paMcaDhAliyA, rAjA zreNika ro caur3ha liyoM, lAlibhadra ko par3hAliyo, mahAsatI celanA kI DhAla, zreyAMsa kumAra kI DhAla, kalAvatI kI caupAI, candanavAlA kI DhAla Adi / / ina racanAoM ke atirikta inhoMne paccIsI saMjJaka kaI racanAyeM likhiiN|' inameM saMbaddha viSaya ke guNAvaguNoM kI carcA karate ho prAtmA ko nirmala banAne kI preraNA dI gaI hai| ina racanAoM meM vaya paccIsI, jobana paccIsI, citta samAdhi paccIsI, jJAna paccIsI, cetana paccIsI, dIkSA paccIsI, kodha paccIsI, mAyA paccIsI, lobha paccIsI, nindaka paccIsI Adi / parimANa kI dRSTi se rAyacanda jI kI sArvAdhika racanAyeM prApta huI haiN| viSaya kI dRSTi se eka ora inhoMne RSabhadeva, neminAtha, mahAvIra Adi tIrthakaseM, jambU svAmI, gautama svAmI, sthalibhadra Adi zramaNoM, tejapAla, vastupAla aAdi zreSThiyoM, tathA caMdanavAlA, namadA, kalAvatI, pUSpA calA Adi satiyoM ko apane grAkhyAna kA viSaya banAyA hai to dUsarI ora apana prArAdhya ke caraNoM meM bhakti bhAvanA se pUrNa pada likhate haye jIvana-vyavahAra meM upayogI upadeza aura cetAvaniyAM dI haiN| inakA sArA kAvya lokamami para Azrita hai aura usameM rAjasthAna ko sAMskRtika garimA ke sarasa citra milate haiN| (4) cauthamala:--- ye prAcArya zrI raghunAtha jI ma. ke ziSya muni zrI amIcanda jI ke ziSya the| inakA janma saMvat 1800 meM mer3atA ke nikaTa bhaMvAla meM hyaa| inake pitA kA nAma rAmacandra jI va mAtA kA gumAna bAI thaa| saMvat 1810 meM mAgha meM gAlA paMcamI ko inhoMne dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| 70 varSa kA saMyama pAlana ke bAda saMvata 1880 meM mer3atA meM inakA nidhana huyaa| ye sumadhara gAyaka aura kavi the| inakI jina racanAyoM kA patA calA hai, unameM mukhya haijayavantI kI DhAla, jinarikha-jinapAla, seTha sUdarzana, naMdana maNiyAra, sanatakumAra cauDhAliyA, mahAbhArata DhAla sAgara (hAla saMkhyA 163), rAmAyaga.zrIpAla caritra, damaghopa caupAI, jamba caritra, RSi deva DhAla, tAmalI tApasa caritra prAdi / rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata kI kathA jo jaina daSTi se padyabaddha kara inhoMne atyanta lokapriyatA prApta kii| (5) durgAdAsa:-- inakA janma saMvat 1806 meM mAravAr3a jaMkzana ke pAsa sAlaTiyA gAMva humA meN| inake pitA kA nAma zivarAja jI aura mAtA kA nAma sevAdevI thaa| 15 varSa kI laghu vaya meM saMvat 1821 meM mevAr3a ke UMThAlA (aba vallabhanagara) nAmaka gAMva meM inhoMne prAcArya kuzaladAsa jI 1. isa saMbaMdha meM 'marudhara kesarI muni zrI mizramala jI ma. abhinandana graMtha' meM prakAzita paM. muni zrI lakSmIcanda jI ma. sA. kA 'saMta kavi rAyacanda jI aura unakI racanAyeM' (pR. 420-429) lekha draSTavya hai| 2. dekhiye--kumArI snehalatA mAthura kA 'kavi rAyacanda aura unako paccIsI saMzaka ravanAyeM laghuzodha prabandha (aprakAzita---rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura) / ina kI hastalikhita pratiyAM A vi.jJA. bha. jayapura meM surakSita /

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iss (kuzalojI) ma. ke pAsa dIkSA aMgIkAra kii| sAdhanA meM ye bar3e dRr3ha vratI the| nirantara ekAtara tapa karate the| pU. gumAnacanda jI ma. ke kriyoddhAra meM inhoMne pUrA sahayoga diyaa| saMvat 1882 meM zrAvaNa zuklA dasamI ko jodhapura meM inakA svargavAsa hmaa| ye samartha kaci the| sphUTa rUpa se pada sajjhAya, DhAleM Adi ke rUpa meM inakI racanAyeM prApta hotI haiN| inake pada bhAvapUrNa aura vairAgya pradhAna haiN| pramukha racanAoM ke nAma haiM--nokaravArI stavana, pArzvanAtha stavana, jambajI kI sajjhAya, mahAvIra ke teraha abhigraha kI sajajhAya, gautama rAsa, RSabha carita, upadezAtmaka DhAla, savaiye Adi / (6) prAsakaraNa:-- inakA janma gAMva saMvat 1812 mArgazIrSa kRSNA dvitIyA ko jodhapura rAjya ke tivarI gAMva meM hyaa| inake pitA kA nAma rUpacanda jI botharA tathA mAtA kA gogAde thaa| saMvata 1830 kI baizAkha kRSNA paMcamI ko inhoMne prAcArya jayamalla jI ke caraNoM meM dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| 70 varSa kI Ayu meM saMvat 1882 kI kArtika kRSNA paMcamI ko inakA svargavAsa hmaa| mAsakaraNa jI apane samaya ke prasiddha kavi aura tapasvI sAdhaka saMta the| prAcArya rAyacanda jI ke bAda saMvat 1868 mAgha zuklA pUrNimA ke dina ye prAcArya pada para pratiSThita huye| apane guru rAyacandajI ke samAna hI inameM kAvya-pratibhA thii| inakI choTI-baDI bhanaka AdhyAtmika bhAvapUrNa racanAyeM hastalikhita grantha bhaNDAroM meM bikharI par3I haiN| ye racanAyeM prabandha aura muktaka donoM rUpoM meM milatI haiN| inakI 'choTI sAdhu vaMdanA' racanA kA jana samudAya meM vyApaka pracAra hai| jina racanAoM kI jAnakArI milI hai unameM pramukha haiM-dasa zrAvakoM kI DhAla, puNyavANI Upara DhAla, kezI gautama carcA DhAla, sAdha gaNa mAlA, bharata jI rI riddhi, namirAya jI saptaDhAliyA, rAjamatI sajjhAya, pArzvanAtha stuti, zrI pArzvanAtha caritra, gajasiMha jI kA cauDhAliyA, zrI dhannA jI kI 7 DhAlAM, jaya ghoSa vijayaghoSa kI 7 DhAlAM, zrI terA kAThiyA kI DhAla, zrI aThAraha nAtA ko cauDhAliyo, pUjya zrI rAyacaMda jI ma. ke guNoM kI DhAla / (7) jItamala : ye amarasiMha jI ma. kI paramparA ke prabhAvazAlI prAcArya the| inakA janma saMvat 1826 meM rAmapUrA (koTA) meM hyaa| inake pitA kA nAma sujAnamala jI va mAtA kA subha thaa| saMvat 1834 meM inhoMne prAcArya sujAnamala jI ma. sA. ke caraNoM meM dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| saMvata 1912 kI jyeSTha zaklA dasamI ko jodhapura meM 78 varSa kI prAya meM inakA nidhana hmaa| ye bahumukhI pratimA ke dhanI the| kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha ye ucca koTi ke citrakAra maura sundara lipikartA bhI the| ye donoM hAthoM se hI nahIM donoM pairoM se bhI lekhanI thAma kara liyA karate the| kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne 13000 graMthoM kI pratilipiyAM taiyAra kii| maThAI dIpa, vAsanAr3I, svarga, naraka, paradesI rAjA kA svargIya dRzya prAdi cinna kRtiyAM inakI sUkSmakalA kI pratIka haiN| eka bAra tatkAlIna jodhapura nareza ko kAgaja ke eka choTe se Tukar3e para 108 hAthiyoM ke citra dikhA kara inhoMne camatkRta aura prabhAvita kiyA thaa| 'maNa biMdhiyA motI inakI sphuTa kavitAoM kA sundara saMgraha hai jo prakAzanAdhIna hai| 1. ina racanAoM kI hastalikhita prAptiyAM prA. vi. jJAna bha. jayapura meM surakSita hai / 2. isakA sampAdana zrI devendra muni zAstrI ne kiyA hai|

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(8) sabaladAsaH -- inakA janma saMvat 1828 meM bhAdrapada zuklA dvAdazI ko pokaraNa meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma Ananda rAja jI lUNiyA aura mAtA kA sundara devI thA / inhoMne 14 varSa kI avasthA meM saMvat 1842 meM mArgazIrSa zuklA tRtIyA ko bucakalA grAma meM zrAcArya rAyacaMda jI se dIkSA aMgIkRta kI / zrAcArya prAsakaraNa jI ke bAda saMvat 1882 kI mAgha zuklA trayodazI ko jodhapura meM ye prAcArya pada para pratiSThita hue / saMvat 1903 meM baizAkha zuklA navamI ko sojata meM inakA svargavAsa huA / ye acche kavi aura madhura gAyaka the / inakI kaI racanAeM jJAna bhaNDAroM meM bikharI par3I haiM / pramukha racanAoM ke nAma haiM- AsakaraNa jI mahArAja ke guNa, guru mahimA stavana, juga mandira svAmI kI sajjhAya, vimalanAtha kA stavana, kanakaratha rAjA nau carita, khaMdaka jI kI lAvaNI, tAmalI tApasa kI caupaI, triloka sundarI nI DhAla, dhannA bI rI caupI, zaMkha poravalI ko carita, upadezI DhAla, sAdhu kartavya kI DhAla Adi / 1 ( 9 ) ratnacandra :-- inakA janma saMvat 1834 meM vaizAkha zuklA paMcamI ko jodhapura rAjya ke kuDa nAmaka gAMva meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma lAlacanda jI aura mAtA kA hIrA devI thA / saMvat 1848 meM pUjya gumAnacanda jI ma. sA. ke nezrAya meM inhoMne dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| grApa bar3e prabhAvI saMta the aura sAdhvAcAra kI pavitratA para vizeSa bala dete the / jodhapura nareza mAnasiMha jI inakI vidvatA aura kAvyazakti se atyanta prabhAvita the / jodhapura ke rAjaguru kavi lADUnAtha jI bhI inake samparka meM prAye the aura ve inake sAdhanAniSTha kavi-jIvana se vizeSa prabhAvita the / jodhapura ke dIvAna lakSmIcanda jI mUthA inake ananya bhaktoM meM se the / meM inakA svargabAsa huA / inhoMne choTI-bar3I aneka racanAeM likhI haiM / eka saMgraha 'zrI ratnacandra pada muktAvalI' nAma se prakAzita huA hai| bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai- stuti, upadeza aura dharmakathA | stutiparaka padyoM meM tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM, virahamAnoM, tathA anya sAdhaka puruSoM kI stuti kI gaI hai / padezika bhAga meM puNya-pApa, prAtmA-paramAtmA, baMdha-mokSAdi bhAvoM kA sundara citraNa kiyA gayA hai / dharma kathA khaMDa meM jIvana ko udAtta banAne vAlI padyAtmaka kathAeM haiM / inake padezika pada pratyanta hI bhAvapUrNa aura marmasparzI haiM / saMvat 1902 meM jodhapura inakI racanAoM kA saMgRhIta racanAoM ko tIna ( 10 ) ratnacandra : ye ratnacandra AcArya manoharadAsajI kI paramparA se saMbaddha haiM / inakA janma saMvat 1850 bhAdrapada kRSNA catudarzI ko tAtIjA ( jayapura ) nAmaka gAMva meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma caudharI gaMgArAma jI va mAtA kA sarUpAdevI thA / saMvat 1862 bhAdrapada zuklA chaTha ko nAranaula (paTiyAlA) meM zrI muni zrI harajImala jI ke pAsa ye dIkSita hue| saMvat 1921 meM baizAkha zuklA pUrNimA ko AgarA meM inakA svargavAsa huA / ye bar3e tArkika, mahAn zAstrAbhyAsI aura gaMbhIra vidvAna tathA kavi hone para bhI pada lolupatA se nirlipta aura vinamratA kI pratimUrti the / inakA gadya aura padya donoM para samAna adhikAra thA / padya rUpa meM inhoMne 'jina stuti' 'satI stavana', 'saMsAravairAgya', 'bAraha bhAvanA paravAsA' haiM Adi para AdhyAtmika pada likhe 186 1. inakI hastalikhita pratiyAM grA. vi. jJA. bha. jayapura meM surakSita haiM / 2. t sampAdaka - paM. muni zrI lakSmIcanda jI ma., prakAzaka - samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala, jayapura /

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189 haiM jo bar3e hI bhAvapUrNa haiN| inakA prakAzana 'ratnajyoti' 1 nAma se do bhAgoM meM huaA hai| padoM ke atirikta inhoMne carita kAvya bhI likhe haiM jinameM sUkhAnanda manoramA caritra anya carita kAvyoM meM sagara carita, aura ilAyacI carita' prakAzita ho cuke haiN| ina caritoM meM vibhinna chaMdoM aura rAga-rAginiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / 2 (11) kanIrAma :-- inakA janma saMvata 1859 meM mAgha zuklA ekAdazI ko khivasara (jodhapura) meM hmaa| inake pitA kA nAma kisanadAsa jI pUNota tathA mAtA kA rAUdevI thaa| saMvat 1870 meM pauSa kRSNA trayodazI ko pUjya durgAdAsajI ma. ke ziSya muni zrI dalIcanda jI se inhoMne dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| saMvata 1936 meM mAgha zuklA paMcamI ko pIpAr3a meM inakA svargavAsa huaa| ye atyanta sevA bhAvI aura carcAvAdI saMta the| nAgaura, ajamera, kAla, pAlI, pIpAr3a tathA paMjAba pradeza meM inhoMne kaI tAtvika carcAoM meM bhAga liyaa| apane mata kI puSTi karate samaya ye naitika maryAdAnoM kA pUrA dhyAna rakhate the| carcAvAdI hone ke kAraNa ye 'vAdIbha kesarI' nAma se prasiddha the| inake aupadezika pada tAtvika hote hue bhI bar3e bhAvapravaNa haiN| anya pramukha racanAeM hai jambakumAra kI sajjhAya, tuMgiyA ke zrAvaka kI sajjhAya, paDimA chattIsI, siddhAntasAra, brahmabilAsa (isameM 87 DhAleM haiM) Adi / ' (12) vinayacandraH-- inakA janma saMvat 1897 meM Asoja zuklA caturdazI ko phalaudI (mAravAr3a) meM hmaa| inake pitA kA nAma pratApamala jI puMgaliyA tathA mAtA kA raMbhAjI thaa| 16 varSa kI avasthA meM saMvata 1912 meM mArgazIrSa kRSNA dvitIyA ko apane lagha bhrAtA zrI kasturacandajI ke sAtha ye pUjya kajoDamalajI ma. ke pAsa dIkSita hue| saMvat 1937 meM jyeSTha kRSNA paMcamI ko ajamera meM ye prAcArya pada para pratiSThita huye| netra jyoti kSINa ho jAne se saMvat 1959 se jayapura meM inakA sthiravAsa rhaa| saMvata 1972 meM mArgazIrSa kRSNA dvAdazI ko 75 varSa kI prAya meM jayapura meM hI inakA svargavAsa hyaa| jayapura meM sthita prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra inhIM ke nAma para hai| ye bar3e zAMta svabhAvI, vAtsalya premI, udAra hRdaya aura vidvAna kavi the| inake pada bar3e hRdayasparzI aura bhAvapUrNa haiN| pramukha racanAyeM haiM-muni anAthI rI sajjhAya, ratanacandra jI ma. kA gaNa, aMjanA matI ko rAsa , gautama rAsa, dhannA jI kI sajjhAya, naMdarAya carita, nema jI ko vyAvalo, meNarehA kathA, subhadrA satI kI caupAI, upadezI sajjhAya, holI ro cauDhAliyo, nemanAtha rAjamatI bArahamAsiyoM Adi / (13) lAlacanda :-- inakA janma kAtaradA (koTA) nAmaka gAMva meM huaa| ye koTA-paramparA ke prAcArya zrI daulatarAma jI ma. ke ziSya the| ye kuzala citrakAra the| eka bAra kisI divAla para saM. zrI zrIcandrajI ma., pra. zrI ratnamuni jaina kAleja, lohAmaMDI, aagraa| 2. dekhiye-garudeva zrI ratnamani smati graMtha meM prakAzita DA. narendra bhAnAvata kA lekhe pUjya ratnacandra jI kI kAbya sAdhanA, pR. 317-327 / 3. dekhiye - prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaMDAra graMtha sUcI bhAga 1, saM. DA. narendra bhAnAvata / 4. dekhie-prA. vi. jJA, bha. graMthasUcI bhAga 1, saM. DA. narendra bhAnAvata / /

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188 inhoMne citrakArI kii| usa para acchA raMga kiyA aura prAtaHkAla use dekhA to hajAroM kITa macchara usa raMga para cipake hue dRSTigata hue| isa dRzya ko dekhakara unakA komala-karuNa hRdaya pasIja uThA aura ye sAdhu bana gye| ye bar3e vidvAn kavi, tapasvI evaM zAsana-prabhAvaka saMta the / koTA, baMdI, jhAlAvAr3a, savAI mAdhopura, TauMka inake pramakha vihAra kSetra rhe| inake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara mINA logoM ne mAMsa, madirAdi sevana kA tyAga kiyaa| inakA racanAkAla 19vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha rahA hai| unakI racanAoM meM mahAvIra svAmI carita, jamba carita, canda sena rAjA kI caupAI, caubIsI, aThAraha pApa ke savaiye, baMkacala kA caritra, zrImatI kA cauDhAliyA, vijayakaMvara va vijaya kUvarI kA cauDhAliyA. lAlacanda bAvanI Adi pramakha hai (14) himmatarAma : ye saMvat 1895 meM jodhapura meM prAcArya zrI ratanacanda ma. ke caraNoM meM dIkSita hue| ye apanI sAdhanA meM kaThora aura svabhAva se madhura tathA vinayazIla the| kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha ye acche lipikAra bhI the| inhoMne aneka sUtroM, thokaDoM, caupAiyoM aura stavanoM kA pratilekhana bhI kiyaa| apane guru ratanacanda jI se inheM kAvya racanA karane kI preraNA milii| inakI racanAyeM mukhyataH do prakAra kI haiM-kathAparaka aura upadeza prk| kathAparaka racanAoM meM tIrthakaroM aura mAdarza jIvana jIne vAle muni-mahAtmAoM kA yazogAna kiyA hai| upadezaparaka racanAoM meM mana ko rAga-dveSa se rikta hokara prAtmakalyANa kI ora agrasara hone kI preraNA dI gaI hai| samyakjJAna pracAraka maMDala jayapura ne unakI racanAoM kA eka saMgraha 'himmatarAma padAvalI' nAma se prakAzita kiyA hai: (15) sujAnamala : inakA janma vi. saM. 1896 meM jayapura ke pratiSThita jauharI parivAra meM huaa| unake pitA kA nAma tArAcanda jI seTha va mAtA kA rAI bAI thaa| vaibhava sampanna gharAne meM janma lekara bhI inakI dharma meM gaharI zraddhA thii| inakA kaMTha madhara thA aura saMgIta meM acchI ruci thii| inake jIvana ke 30veM varSa meM eka vyAdhi utpanna huii| bar3e-bar3e DAkTaroM aura vaidyoM kA upacAra kiyA gayA para zAMta hone ke bajAya vaha aura bar3hatI gii| isase ye sarvathA paMgu aura parAvalambI bana gye| aMta meM inhoMne anAthImuni kI taraha mana hI mana dar3ha saMkalpa kiyA ki yadi maiM nIroga ho jAUM to pUjya vinayacaMda jI ma. sA. ke sAnnidhya meM pravrajyA dhAraNa kruuN| isa saMkalpa ke bor3e hI dinoM bAda inakI vyAdhi dUra ho gaI aura inhoMne saMvat 1951 meM Azvina zuklA trayodazI ko jayapura meM apane 15 varSIya bAla sAthI kapUracanda pATanI ke sAtha prAcArya vinaya caMda jI ma. ke pAsa dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| inameM kAvya racanA kI pratimA prArambha se hI thii| aba sumArga pAkara prati dina ye naye-naye padoM kI racanA karane lge| inake race lagabhaga cAra sau padya milate haiN| inakA saMgraha 'sUjAna pada sUmana vATikA' nAma se prakAzita hA hai|1 inake pratyeka padya meM prAtmakalyANa aura jIvana-sudhAra kA preraNAdAyI saMdeza bharA par3A hai| saMvat 1968 meM inakA nidhana humaa| (16) rAmacandra :-- ye prAcArya jayamalla jI kI paramparA ke zreSTha kaviyoM meM se haiN| inake propadezika pada prAdhyAtma bhAvanA se protaprota haiN| inakI racanAeM jJAna-bhaNDAroM meM bikharI par3I haiM jinameM 1. saM. paM. muni zrI lakSmIcanda jI ma., prakAzaka samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala, jypur|

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189 vijayakumAra kA cauDhAliyA, viSNu kumAra carita, zAlibhadra ghannA adhikAra chahaDhAliyA, harikezI muni carita, upadezI DhAla Adi pramukha haiN|' (17) tiloka RSi:-- inakA janma saMvat 1904 meM caitrakRSNA tRtIyA ko ratalAma meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma dulIcanda jI sUrANA aura mAtA kA nAnUbAI thaa| saMvat 1914 meM mAgha kRSNA pratipadA ko ye apanI mAM, bahina aura bhAI ke sAtha prayavaMtA RSi ke sAnnidhya meM dIkSita he| inakA vihArakSetra mukhyata: mevAr3a, mAlavA aura mahArASTra rhaa| 36 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI saM. 1940 meM zrAvaNakRSNA dvitIyA ko ahamadanagara meM inakA nidhana ho gyaa| pichar3I jAti ke logoM ko vyasana mukta banAne meM inakI bar3I preraNA rahI hai| tiloka RSi kavitva kI dRSTi se sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke zreSTha kaviyoM meM se haiN| inakA kAvya jitanA bhAvanAmaya hai, utanA hI saMgItamaya bhii| inhoMne jana-sAdhAraNa ke liye bhI likhA aura vidvatmaNDalI ke liye bhii| padoM ke atirikta inhoMne bhakti aura vairAgya bhAva se paripUrNa bahata hI prabhAvaka kavitta aura savaiye likhe| inake samastakAvya ko do vargoM meM rakkhA jA sakatA hai-rasAtmaka aura klaatmk| rasAtmaka kRtiyAM vizaddha sAhityika rasa bodha kI dRSTi se likhI gaI haiN| inameM kavi kI anubhUti, usakA loka nirIkSaNa aura geya vyaktitva samAviSTa hai| ye AgamajJa, saMskRta, prAkRta Adi bhASAoM ke vidvAna zAstrIya jJAna ke dhanI, vibhinna chaMdoM ke vizeSajJa aura loka saMskRti ke paMDita the| yahI kAraNa hai ki inakI racanAmoM meM eka aora saMta kavi kA sAralya hai to dUsarI ora zAstrajJa kavi kA paaNddity| ye rasAtmaka kRtiyAM tIna prakAra kI haiM-stavanamUlaka, AkhyAnamUlaka aura praupadezika / stavanamUlaka racanAoM meM caubIsa tIrtha karoM, paMca parameSThiyoM, gaNadharoM aura saMta-satiyoM kI stuti vizeSa rUpa se kI gaI hai| inameM inake bAha ya rUpa raMga kA varNana kama, prAMtarika zakti tathA garimA kA varNana adhika rahA hai| grAkhyAnamulaka racanAoM meM itivRtta kI pradhAnatA hai| inameM vibhinna dRr3havratI zrAvakoM aura maniyoM ko varNya viSaya banAyA gayA hai| aupadezika racanAoM meM kavi kI vizeSatA yaha rahI hai ki usameM rUpaka yojanA dvArA sAmAnya laukika viSayoM ko adhyAtma bhAvoM ke mAdhurya se vimaMDita kara diyA hai| kalAtmaka kRtiyoM meM kavi kI ekAgratA, usakI sUjhabUjha, lekhana-kalA, citraNa-kSamatA, aura apAra bhASA-zakti kA paricaya milatA hai| ye kalAtmaka kRtiyAM do prakAra kI haiMcitrakAvyAtmaka aura gUDhArthamUlaka / citrakAvyAtmaka racanAeM tathAkathita citrakAvya se bhinna haiN| inameM pradhAna - dRSTi citrakAra ke lAghava va gaNitajJa kI baddhi ke kAraNa, citra banAne kI rahI hai| ye citra do prakAra ke haiN| sAmAnya aura ruupkaatmk| sAmAnya citroM meM kavi ne svaracita yA kisI prasiddha kavi kI kavitAoM, dohe, savaiye, kavitta Adi ko isa DhaMga se likhA hai ki eka citrarUpa khar3A ho jAtA hai| samudra baMdha, nAgapAza baMdha Adi kRtiyAM isI prakAra kI haiN| ina citroM ke nAmAnurUpa bhAvavAlI kavitAoM ko hI yahAM lipibaddha kiyA gayA hai| samudrabandha kRti meM saMsAra ko samudra ke rUpa meM upamita karane vAlI kavitA kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| nAgapAza bandha meM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke jIvana kI usa ghaTanA ko vyakta karane vAlA chanda sannihita hai jisameM unhoMne kamaTha tApasa kI paMcAgni se saMkaTagrasta nAga dampatti kA uddhAra kiyA thaa| rUpakAtmaka 1. inakI hastalikhita pratiyAM prA. vi. jJA. bha. jayapura meM surakSita haiN| 2. dekhie-adhyAtma parva dazaharA svAdhyAya, pra. zrI jaina dharma prasAraka saMsthA naagpur|

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19. citra-kAvyoM meM kavi kI rUpaka yojaka-vatti kAma karatI rahI hai| 'jJAna kuMjara aura zIlaratha' ke rUpakAtmaka cina atyanta sundara bana par3e haiN| gaDhArthamUlaka racanAeM kaTa zailI meM likhI gaI haiN| tiloka RSi kA chanda prayoga bhI vividhatA liye hae hai| dohA aura pada ke atirikta inhoMne rItikAlIna kaviyoM ke savaiyA aura kavitta jaise chanda ko apanAkara usameM jo saMgIta kI gUMja aura bhAvanA kI pavitratA bharI hai, vaha anyatama hai| saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki tiloka RSi ke kAvya meM bhaktiyaga kI rasAtmakatA aura rIti yaga kI kalAtmakatA ke eka sAtha darzana hote haiN| (18) kizanalAla :-- ye prAcArya ratanacanda jI ma. sA. kI paramparA ke mani zrI nandalAla jI ma. ke ziSya the| inakI racanAyeM vibhanna jJAna bhaNDAroM meM yatna-tatra bikharI paDI haiN| inakI racanAyeM praupadezika padoM aura padyakathAoM ke rUpa meM milatI haiN| inake pada adhyAtma pravaNa aura prAtma-kalyANa meM sAdhaka haiN| hameM jo racanAyeM jJAta haI haiM unameM navakAra maMtra kI lAvaNI, paMcaparameThI gaNamAlA, caNDarudra prAcArya kI sajjhAya, sanatakumAra rAjarSi cauDhAliyA, karmoM kI lAvaNI, Adi ullekhanIya (19) nemicandra :-- inakA janma vi. saM. 1925 meM Azvina zuklA caturdazI ko bagaDundA (mevADa) meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma devIlAlajI loDhA aura tA kA kamalA devI thaa| inhoMne prAcArya zrI amarasiMha jI ma. kI paramparA ke chaThe paTTadhara zrI pUnamacanda jI ma.sA. se saMvat 1940 phAlguna kRSNA chaTha ko bagar3ande meM dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| saMvata 1975 meM kArtika zavalA paMcamI ko chIpA kA AkolA (mevAr3a) meM inakA nidhana hyaa| ye pAza kavi the aura calate-phirate vArtAlApa meM yA pravacana meM zIghra hI kavitA banA liyA karate the| kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha ye pratyatpannamati aura zAstrajJa vidvAna the| inakI pravacana zailI atyanta cittAkarSaka aura prabhAvaka thii| inhoMne dharma-pracAra kI dRSTi se gAMvoM ko hI apanA vihAra kSetra bnaayaa| mevAr3a ke parvatIya pradeza gogundA, jhADola, evaM koTar3A Adi kSetroM ko unhoMne apane upadezoM se upakRta kiyaa| inakI kAvya-pratibhA vyApaka thii| eka ora inhoMne rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ke vibhinna prasaMgoM ko apane kAvya kA AdhAra banAyA to dUsarI ora jainAgamoM ke vividha caritroM ko saMgIta kI svaralaharI meM baaNdhaa| inakI racanAoM meM bhakti bhAvanA kI taraMgiNI pravahamAna hai to 'niha nava bhAvanA saptaDhAliyA' jaisI racanAoM meM yuga ke anAcAra aura bAhaya ADambara ke khilApha vidroha kI bhAvanA hai| 'bhAva naukarI', kSamA mAtAzItalA, 'cetana carita' jaisI racanAtroM meM kavi kI sAMgarUpaka yojanA kA camatkAra dRSTigata hotA hai| 'nemavANI' nAma se inakI racanAoM kA prakAzana huaA hai| 1. vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekhie(a) kumArI madhu mAthura kA 'saMta kavi tiloka RSi : vyaktitva aura kRtitva laghu zodhaprabandha (aprkaashit)| (ba) DA. zAntA bhAnAvata kA 'tiloka RSi kI kAvya sAdhanA' lekha, muni zrI hajArImala smati graMtha meM prakAzita, pR. 168-173 / 2. prA. vi. jJA. bha. granthasUcI bhAga 1 / / 3. saM. puSkara muni, pra. zrI tAraka guru graMthAlaMbha, padarAr3A (udypur)|

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(20) dIpacanda : inakA janma saMvat 1926 meM Azvina zuklA chaTha ko paMjAba ke phirojapura kSetra ke antargata jhaMbo nAmaka gAMva meM haa| inake pitA kA nAma badhAvAsiMha aura mAtA kA nAma nArAyaNIdevI thaa| inhoMne saMvata 1951 meM mArgazIrSa zuklA tRtIyA ko dillI meM pUjya zrI dharmadAsa jI mahArAja kI paramparA ke jIvanarAmajI ma. ke pAsa apanI dharmapatnI sahita 25 varSa kI avasthA meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| saMvat 1994 meM thI jIvanarAmajI ma. ne inheM sonIpata meM pajya padavI pradAna kii| ye grAdarza tapasvI saMta aura prAdhyAtmika kavi the| inake padoM meM saMsAra kI nazvaratA, AtmA kI amaratA kA sundara nirUpaNa hai| inakI bhASA rAjasthAnI prabhAvita rilI 'dIpa bhajanAvalI' nAma se inakI racanAoM kA eka saMgraha prakAzita huyA hai| (21) gajamala : inakA janma kizanagaDha ke phatehagar3ha nAmaka gAMva meM hpaa| inake pitA kA nAma kalyANa mala jI lalavANo tathA mAtA kA nAma kesara bAI thaa| saMvat 1926 meM caitra zaklA caturdazI ko unhoMne apanI mAtA ke sAtha pUjya nAnakarAma jI mahArAja ke sampradAya ke mani zrI maganamalajI ke pAsa dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| saMvat 1975 meM phAlguna zuklA trayodazI ko ThAThoThI grAma meM inakA nidhana hnaa| ye adhyayanazIla pravRtti ke tatvavAdI sAdhaka the| ghaMToM tAtvika viSayoM para carcA kiyA karate the| inhoMne choTI-moTI kaI racanAyeM likhI haiM unameM sabase ullekhanIya racanA 'dharmasena' graMtha hai jo chaha khaMDa evaM 64 DhAloM meM pUrA hA hai| graMtha pramANa 6500 zloka haiN| (22) mAdhava muniH inakA janma saMvat 1928 meM bharatapura ke nikaTa acanerA gAMva meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma baMzIdhara sanADhya aura mAtA kA rAya kaMbara thaa| saMvat 1940 meM inhoMne magana manijI ke pAsa dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| saMvat 1978 meM vaizAkha zuklA paMcamI ko ye dharmadAsajI mahArAja kI paramparA meM prAcArya zrI naMdalAlajI ma. ke bAda prAcArya bne| saMvata 1981 meM jayapura ke pAsa gADotA gAMva meM inakA svargavAsa hyaa| jainAgamoM meM inakI gaharI paiTha thii| vyAkaraNa, nyAya, sAhitya prAdi bhAratIya darzanoM kA inakA gahana adhyayana thaa| inameM kavitva-pratibhA ke sAtha-sAtha painI tarkaNA zakti bhI thii| inake kAvya meM cintana kI gaharAI, arthagaurava aura siddhAnta niSThatA kI dRr3hatA se prANa pratiSThA huI hai / inakI bhASA prauDha aura abhivyakti sazakta hai| inakI racanAoM kA eka saMgraha 'jaina stavana taraMgiNI' 1 nAma se prakAzita hA hai jisane vinaya, bhakti, aura upadeza kI tIvra taraMgeM pravahamAna haiN| (23) khUbacanda :-- inakA janma saMvat 1930 meM kArtika zuklA aSTamI ko nimbAheDA (mevADa) meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma TekacandajI jaitAvata aura mAtA kA geMdI bAI thaa| 22 varSa kI avasthA meM saMvata 1952 meM prASAr3ha zuklA tRtIyA ko inhoMne nImaca zahara meM nandalAla jI ma. sA. ke caraNoM meM dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| saMvat 1991 meM phAlguna zuklA tRtIyA ko ratalAma meM ye prAcArya pada para pratiSThita he| saMvat 2002 caitra zuklA tRtIyA ko inakA svargavAsa hyaa| inakA jIvana baDA hI saMyata, tapomaya aura tyAga-vairAgya se paripUrNa thaa| inakI vyAkhyAna zailI bar3I hI rocaka aura projapUrNa thii| inake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara jayapura-nareza zrI mAdhosiMha jI tathA 1. prakAzaka-zrI vardhamAna jaina sthAnakavAsI zrI saMgha, kottaa|

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19 2 ye alavara nareza zrI jayasiMha jI ne saMvatsarI mahAparva ke dina hamezA ke liye pragatA rakhAyA / sumadhura gAyaka aura pratibhAzAlI kavi the / inakI kavitAoM kA eka saMkalana 'khUba kavitAvalI" nAma se prakAzita huA hai jisameM stavana, upadezAmRta, caritAvalI aura vividha viSayoM se sambaddha kavitAeM saMgRhIta haiM / inhoMne vividha rAga-rAginiyoM, dohA, kavita-savaiyA, DhAla Adi chandoM ke sAtha-sAtha khyAloM meM prayukta zera, calata, milata, choTI kar3I jhelA, droNa jaise chandoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / inakI kavitAoM meM loka jIvana aura loka saMskRti kI acchI abhivyakti huI hai / ( 24 ) amI RSi : inakA janma saMvat 1930 meM daloda ( mAlavA ) meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma zrI bherUlAla jI aura mAtA kA pyArA bAI thaa| saMvat 1943 meM inhoMne zrI sukhA RSi jI ma. ke pAsa magaradA (bhopAla) meM dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| saMvat 1988 meM zujAlapura meM inakA svargavAsa huA / mAlavA, mevAr3a, mAravAr3a gujarAta, mahArASTra Adi kSetroM meM vihAra kara inhoMne jina zAsana kA udyota kiyA / inakI buddhi aura dhAraNA zakti atyanta tIvra thI / zAstrIya aura dArzanika carcA meM inakI vizeSa ruci thI / ye jitane tatvajJa the utane hI kuzala kavi bhI / inhoMne lagabhaga 23 graMthoM kI racanA kI / inakI kavitAoM kA eka saMgraha 'amRta kAvya saMgraha " ke nAma se prakAzita huA hai / inhoMne aneka chandoM aura aneka zailiyoM meM racanA kI hai| chandoM meM dohA, kavitta, savaiyA, soraThA, paddharI, harigItikA, zikhariNI, zArdUlavikrIDita, mAlinI, prAdi chandoM kA sucAru nirvAha huA hai / savaiyA aura kavitta para to unakA vizeSa adhikAra jAna par3atA hai / rUpa-bheda kI dRSTi se jahAM inhoMne aSTaka, cAlIsA, bAvanI, zataka Adi saMjJaka kAvya likhe haiM vahAM caritra kAvyoM meM sItA carita, jina sundarI, bharata bAhubali cauDhAliyA, mbaDa sanyAsI cauDhAliyA, kIrti dhvaja rAjA cauDhAliyA, dhAradeva carita prAdi mukhya haiM / inakI kavitA meM jahAM nizchalatA, spaSTokti hai, vahIM camatkArapriyatA bhI hai / isa dRSTi se inhoMne khaDagabaMdha, kapATabaMdha, kadalI baMdha, meru baMdha, kamala baMdha, camara baMdha, ekAkSara tripadI baMdha, caTAI baMdha, chatra baMdha, dhanurbandha, nAgapAza baMdha, kaTArabaMdha, caupar3a baMdha, svastika baMdha Adi aneka citrakAvyoM kI racanA kI hai / 'jayakuMjara' isa dRSTi se inakI zreSTha racanA hai / lokajIvana kI nizchala abhivyakti inake kAvya kI vizeSatA hai / paMcataMtra meM grAI huI kaI kahAniyoM ko lekara inhoMne savaiyA chaMda meM unheM nibaddha kiyA hai / pUrti meM bhI inheM paryApta saphalatA milI hai / ( 25 ) javAharalAla inakA janma saMvat 1932 meM kArtika zuklA caturthI ko thAMdalA ( mAlavA ) gAMva meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma jIvarAja jI aura mAtA kA nAthI bAI thA / 16 varSa kI laghuvaya meM saMvat 1948 meM mArgazIrSa zuklA dvitIyA ko inhoMne muni zrI maganalAla jI ma. sA. ke caraNoM meM dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| saMvat 1977 prASAr3ha zuklA tRtIyA ko ye prAcArya zrI zrIlAla jI ma. sA. ke bAda AcArya pada para pratiSThita huye / saMvat 2000 ASAr3ha zuklA aSTamI ko bhInAsara meM inakA svargavAsa huA / inakA vyaktitva bar3A AkarSaka va prabhAvazAlI thA / inhoMne rASTrIya svatantratA prAndolana ke satyAgraha, ahiMsaka pratirodha, svadezI vastunoM kA prayoga, khAdI dhAraNa, achUtoddhAra jaise racanAtmaka kAryakramoM meM sahayoga dene kI janamAnasa ko vizeSa preraNA dI / src ojasvI vyaktitva aura krAMtikArI vicAroM se prabhAvita hokara mahAtmA gAMdhI, 1. saM. paM. muni zrI hIrAlAlajI ma., prakAzaka - zrI sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA / 2. prakAzaka - zrI ratna jaina pustakAlaya pAtharDI (ahamadanagara) /

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198 lokamAnya tilaka, mahAmanA mAlavIya, saradAra paTela bhAdi rASTrIya mahApuruSa inake samparka meM bhaaye| inakI upadeza-zailI bar3I rocaka, preraka aura vicArottejaka thii| inake pravacanoM kA prakAzana 'javAhara kiraNAvalI" nAma se kaI bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA hai / 'anukampA vicAra' nAma se inake rAjasthAnI kAvya ke do bhAga prakAzita huye haiM / inameM ahiMsA ke vidheyAtmaka svarUpa para bala dete huye dayA aura dAna kI dhArmika saMdarbha meM vizeSa mahattA pratipAdita kI hai| rAgarAginiyoM aura DhAloM meM nibaddha yaha kAvya sarasa aura rocaka bana par3A hai / (26) cauthamala : jaina divAkara prasiddha vaktA ke rUpa meM prasiddha ina cauthamalajI ma. kA janma saM. 1934 meM kArtika zuklA trayodazI ko nImaca meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma zrI gaMgArAmajI aura mAtA kA kesarAM bAI thA / saM. 1952 meM inhoMne zrI hIrAlAla jI ma. sA. se dIkSA aMgIkRta kI / ye jaina tatva aura sAhitya ke prakANDa vidvAn hone ke sAtha-sAtha prabhAvazAlI vaktA, madhuragAyaka aura pratibhA sampanna kavi the / inake vicAra bar3e udAra aura dRSTi vyApaka thI / jaina dhArmika tatvoM ko saMkIrNa dAyare se uThA kara sarvaM sAdhAraNa meM pracArita-prasArita karane ka inhoMne mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA / inakI pravacana sabhA meM rAjA-mahArAjA aura seTha sAhUkAroM se lekara camAra, khaTIka, bhIla, mINeM Adi pichar3e varga ke loga bhI samAna rUpa se sammilita hote the / inake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara anekoM ne prAjIvana mAMsabhakSaNa, madirA-pAna, bhAMga-gAMjA, tambAkhU Adi kA tyAga kiyaa| mevAr3a, mAlavA evaM mAravAr3a ke aneka jAgIradAroM aura rAjA-mahArAjAoM ne inase jIva dayA kA upadeza sunakara apane-apane rAjyoM meM hiMsAbandI kI sthAyI AjJAyeM jArI karavA dIM aura unheM isa Azaya kI sanadeM likha dIM / udayapura ke mahArANA phatahasiMha jI aura bhopAlasiMha jI inake ananya bhakta the / inakA gadya aura padya donoM para samAna adhikAra thA / inhoMne saikar3oM bhakti rasa se paripUrNa bhajana likhe haiM, jinheM bhaktajana Atmavibhora hokara gAte haiM / kAvya ke kSetra meM 'Adarza rAmAyaNa' aura 'Adarza mahAbhArata' inake prasiddha graMtha haiM / jaina subodha guTakA bhAga 1, 2 meM inake lagabhaga 1000 pada saMgrahIta haiM / inhoMne rAjasthAnI aura hindI donoM bhASAoM meM samAna adhikAra ke sAtha kAvya-racanA kI hai / inake pravacana 'divAkara divya jyoti" nAma se 21 bhAgoM meM prakAzita huye haiM / inake dvArA saMgrahIta mora anuvAdita 'nirgandha pravacana atyanta lokapriya graMtha haiM / isameM jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para jaina darzana aura dharma saMbaMdhI mahatvapUrNa gAthAnoM kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai / ( 27 ) cauthamala : - prAcArya jayamalla jI ma. kI paramparA se saMbaddha ina cauthamala jI kA janma saMvat 1947 meM kucerA ke pAsa phIrojapurA ( mAravAr3a) gAMva meM hunA / inake pitA kA nAma haracandarAya aura mAtA kA kuMvarAde jI thaa| inhoMne saMvat 1959 meM baizAkha kRSNA saptamI ko seThAM rI rIyA zrI nathamalajI ma. se dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| saMvat 2008 meM inakA nidhana huA / ye kaI bhASAoM ke jJAtA aura rAjasthAnI ke Azu kavi the / apanI paramparA ke AcAryoM zrora santoM kI mahatvapUrNa jIvana ghaTanAoM ko inhoMne padyabaddha kiyA jinakA aitihAsika mahatva hai / pUjya guNamAlA 5 meM inakI aisI racanAyeM saMgrahIta haiM / inhoMne kaI carita kAvya bhI likhe haiM jinakA prakAzana 'vyAkhyAna nava ratnamAlA' bhAga 1, 2 meM huA hai / 1. saM. paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla, pra. zrI javAhara sAhitya samiti, bhInAsara, (bIkAnera) / prakAzaka - zrI jainodaya pustaka prakAzana samiti, ratalAma / 2. 3. saM. paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla, pra. zrI divAkara divya jyoti kAryAlaya, byAvara / 4. pra. zrI divAkara divya jyoti kAryAlaya, byAvara / 5. prakAzaka - zrI managaTa parivAra bhaMDArA (mahArASTra ) /

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(28) mizrImala: 'marudhara kesarI' nAma se prasiddha mani zrI mizrImala jI ma. kA janma saM. 1955 meM zrAvaNa zuklA caturdazI ko pAlI meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma zrI zeSamala jI solaMkI tathA mAtA kA kesara kuMvara thaa| saMvat 1975 meM inhoMne muni zrI budhamala jI ke pAsa dIkSA aMgIkRta kii| inakA rAjasthAnI aura hindI donoM bhASAoM para samAna rUpa se adhikAra hai| aba taka ye 100 se bhI adhika graMthoM kA praNayana kara cuke haiM jinameM vizAlakAya 'pAMDava yazorAsAyana' (mahAbhArata) vizeSa mahatvapUrNa hai| yaha 309 DhAloM meM vibhakta hai| bhajanoM kI saMkhyA to hajAroM taka pahaMca cukI hai| 'marudhara kesarI graMthAvalI'l bhAga 1, 2 meM inakA prakAzana hayA hai| inake kAvya meM eka aora saMta kavi kA rUDha paramparAoM ke prati vidroha aura bhakta kavi kA apane ArAdhya ke prati samarpaNa bhAva hai, vahIM dUsarI ora camatkAra priya kavi kA bauddhika vilAsa aura kathAkAra kA caritna-nirUpaNa bhI hai| inakI sampUrNa kAvya cetanA lokajIvana se rasa-grahaNa karatI hai| 'madhura dRSTAMta maMjUSA' isa dRSTi se kavi ke loka anubhavoM kA saMcita koSa hai| (ba) zrAvaka kavi: vinayacandaH-- inakA janma jodhapura-bhopAlagar3ha ke bIca eka choTe se gAMva deIkaDA meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma gokula canda kuMbhaTa thaa| ye prAcArya zrI hammIramala jI ke niSThAvAna zrAvaka the aura prajJAghara the| inakI 'vinayacandra caubIsI' atyanta prasiddha racanA hai jise kavi ne saMvat 1906 meM pUrI kI thii| inameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti kI gaI hai| isIliye ise caubIsI kahA gayA hai| bhAvoM ko sarasatA, kamanIyatA evaM AdhyAtmikatA ke kAraNa inakA eka-eka pada bhaktoM ko bhAva-vihyala evaM Atmavibhora banA detA hai| Aja bhI bhakta loga inake padoM ko sasvara gAte huye mugdha aura tanmaya bana jAte haiN| prAcArya zrI javAharalAla jI ma. inake padoM se hI pravacana prArambha kiyA karate the| inakI dUsarI prasiddha kRti 'AtmanindA' hai| yaha racanA bhI atyanta prabhAvotpAdaka hai| isameM prAtmA kI usake kiye haye kaluSita karmoM ke liye bhartsanA kI gaI hai| pUrvakRta pApoM ko pazcAtApa kI agni se dho DAlane kA yaha vidhAna sAdhaka ko prAtmonnati kI ora agrasara karatA hai| kavi ne hiMsA, jhaTha, corI, maithuna, parigraha prAdi pApoM kI nindA karate haye cetana ko prAtmasvabhAva meM ramaNa karane kI preraNA dI hai| tIsarI kRti 'paTTAvalI' hai jisameM aitihAsika dRSTi se kavi ne bhagavAna mahAvIra se lekara apanI guru-paramparA taka kA ullekha kiyA hai| inakI eka anya racanA 'pUjya hamIra carita ' bhI hai| 2. jeThamala: inakA janma jayapura ke pratiSThita jauharI parivAra meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma bhUdhara jI coraDiyA aura mAtA kA lakSmI devI thaa| ye sahRdaya aura gAyaka kavi the| inakI 'jambU guNa ratnamAlA' prasiddha kAvya kRti hai jisakI racanA saMvat 1920 meM kI gii| isa kRti kA samAja meM baDA pracAra hai| sAdhu loga bhI apane vyAkhyAnoM meM ise gA-gA kara sunAte haiN| vibhinna - 1. prakAzaka-marudhara kesarI sAhitya prakAzana samiti, jodhpur-vyaavr| 2. vizeSa ke liye dekhiye 'marudhara kesarI abhinandana graMtha' meM prakAzita DA. narendra bhAnAvata kA lekhe 'marudhara kesarI kI kAvyakalA', pR. 34-52 / 3. prakAzaka-samyagjJAna pracAraka maMDala, jayapura /

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193 gaTakoM meM inakI aura bhI kaI phuTakara racanAyeM milatI haiN| inhoMne kaI upadezAtmaka pada bhI likhe haiM jo vairAgya bhAva se paripUrNa haiM aura unameM prabhAva DAlane kI kSamatA hai| sabhI saMtoM ke prati inake mana meM bar3A Adara thaa| ataH jo bhI guNI saMta jayapura meM Ate, unake guNa-kIrtana ke rUpa meM inakI kAvya dhArA phUTa pdd'tii| vibhinna sAdhunoM para likhI gaI aisI kaI racanAyeM prApya haiN| (sa) sAdhvI kavayitriyAM: bhAratIya dharma paramparA meM sAdhuoM kI taraha sAdhviyoM kA bhI vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai / aitihAsika pamparA ke rUpa meM hameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAda ke sAdhuoM kI prAcArya-paramparA kA to patA calatA hai para sAdhviyoM kI paramparA andhakArAcchanna hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM 36,000 sAdhviyoM kA netRtva karane vAlI candanabAlA unakI pramukha ziSyA thii| mahAvIra se hI tatva-carcA karane vAlI jayantI kA ullekha 'bhagavatI sUtra' meM AyA hai| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki sAdhuoM aura zrAvakoM ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhviyoM aura zrAvikAoM kI bhI avacchinna paramparA rahI hai| itihAsajJoM evaM sAhityakarmiyoM kA yaha mahatvapUrNa dAyitva hai ki ve isa paramparA ko khojeN| sAdhanoM kI taraha sAdhviyoM kA bhI anya kSetroM kI taraha sAhitya ke nirmANa aura saMrakSaNa meM bhI mahatvapUrNa yoga rahA hai| 14vIM zatI se lekara Aja taka kAvya-racanA meM rata jina sAdhviyoM kA ullekha milatA hai, unameM guNa samRddhi mahattA, vinayaculA, padmazrI, hemazrI, hemasiddhi, vivekasiddhi, vidyA siddhi Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 2 yahAM sthAnakavAsI paramparA se saMbaddha katipaya sAdhvI kavayitrIyoM kA saMkSepa meM paricaya diyA jA rahA hai 1. harakU bAI: prAcArya vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura meM puSThA saM. 105 meM 88 vIM racanA meM 'mahAsatI zrI amarujI kA caritna' inake dvArA racita milatA hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1820 meM kizanagar3ha meM kI gaI hai| inhIM kI eka anya racanA 'mahAsatI catarujI sajjhAya' bhI milatI hai, jisakA prakAzana zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ne 'aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha' meM pU. saM. 214-15 para kiyA hai| 2. hulAsAjI:-- prAcArya vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, jayapura meM puSThA saM. 218 meM 50 vIM racanA 'kSamA va tapa Upara stavana' inakI racita milatI hai| isakI racanA saMvat 1887 meM pAlI meM huii| 3. sarUpAbAI: ye pUjya zrI zrImalajI ma. sA. se saMbaMdhita haiN| nAhaTAjI ne 'aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha meM pR. 156-58 para inakI eka racanA 'pU. zrImalajI kI sajjhAya' prakAzita kI hai| 1. prA. vi. jJA. bha. meM ye surakSita haiN| 2. dekhiye-DA. zAntA bhAnAvata kA 'munidvaya abhinandana graMtha' meM prakAzita sAdhvI paramparA kI jaina kavayitriyAM' zIrSaka lekha, pu. 301-3071

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jar3AvajI : inakA janma saM. 1898 meM seThoM kI rIyA meM huA thA / bAlyAvasthA meM hI inakA vivAha kara diyA gayA / kucha samaya bAda hI inake pati kA dehAnta ho gyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa inheM saMsAra ke prati virakti ho gaI bhaura 24 varSa kI avasthA meM saM. 1922 meM inhoMne prAcArya ratnacandra jI ma. ke sampradAya kI pramukha ziSyA rambhAjI ke pAsa dIkSA aMgIkRta krlii| raMbhAjI kI 16 viziSTa sAdhviyAM thIM jinameM ye pradhAna thIM / netra jyoti kSINa ho jAne se saMvat 1950 se antima samaya taka ye jayapura meM hI sthiravAsI bana kara rhiiN| saMvat 1972 meM jyeSTha kRSNA caturdazI ko inakA svargavAsa huA / 4. satI jar3Ava jI jaina kavayitriyoM meM nagIne kI taraha jar3I huI pratIta hotI haiM / yadyapi ye adhika par3hI likhI nahIM thIM para kavitA karanA inakI jIvanacaryA kA eka aMga bana gayA thA / 50 varSa ke sudIrgha sAdhanA kAla meM inhoMne jIvana ke vividha anubhava zrAtmasAt kara kAvya meM utAre / inakA jIvana jitanA sAdhanAmaya thA kAvya utanA hI bhAvanAmaya / inakI racanAoM kA eka saMkalana "jaina stavanAkalI" nAma se jayapura se prakAzita huA hai| pravRttiyoM ke AdhAra para inakI racanAoM ko cAra vargoM meM bAMTa sakate haiM- stavanAtmaka, kathAtmaka, upadezAtmaka aura tAtvika / sumati kumati ko cauDhAliyoM, anAthI muni ro sataDhAliyo, jambU svAmI ko sataDhAliyo, inakI kathAtmaka racanAyeM haiM / sarala bolacAla kI rAjasthAnI meM vividha rAga-rAginiyoM meM hRdaya kI umar3atI bhAvadhArA ko vyakta karane meM ye bar3I kuzala haiN| loka vyavahAra aura prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa kI bhAvabhUmi para lambe-lambe sAMgarUpaka bAMdhane meM inhe vizeSa saphalatA milI hai / pAvaMtA jI: ye pUjya zrI amarasiMha jI ma. kI paramparA se saMbaddha haiM / inakA janma zrAgarA ke nikaTa kher3A bhAMDapurI gAMva meM saMvat 1911 meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma zrI baladeva siMha jI cauhAna va mAtA kA dhanavatI thaa| saMvat 1924 meM zrI kaMvarasena jI mahArAja ke pratibodha se inhoMne sAdhvI hIrAdevI jI ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| ye tapasvinI saMyama-sAdhikA, prabhAvazAlI vyAkhyAtA aura kavitvazakti kI dhanI thIM / 'jaina gurjara kaviyoM' bhAga 3 khaNDa 1 pR. 389 para inakI cAra racanAoM kA ullekha hai - vRtta maMDalI (saM. 1940), ( 2 ) zrajitasena kumAra DhAla (saM. 1940), ( 3 ) sumati caritra (saM. 1961), (4) bharidamana caupaI (saM. 1961 ) / inakI kaI gadya kRtiyAM bhI prakAzita haiM / 5. 6. bhUrasundarI: inakA janma saMvat 1914 meM nAgaura ke samIpa buserI nAmaka gAMva meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma prakhayacanda jI rAMkA aura mAtA kA rAmabAI thA / apanI buA se preraNA pAkara 11 varSa kI avasthA meM sAdhvI campAjI se inhoMne dIkSA grahaNa kii| padya aura gadya donoM para ina kA samAna adhikAra thA / inakI racanAyeM mukhyataH stavanAtmaka aura upadezAtmaka haiM / inhoMne kaI sundara paheliyAM bhI likhI haiM / bIkAnera se inake nimnalikhita 6 graMtha prakAzita huye haiM / 1. isa saMbaMdha meM 'mahAvIra jayantI smArikA' bhaprela 1964 meM prakAzita -- DA. narendra bhAnAta kA 'jar3AvajI kI kAvyasAdhanA' lekha dRSTavya hai / 2. vistRta jAnakArI ke liye dekhiye 'sAdhanApatha kI samara sAdhikA' graMtha, lekhikA - sAdhvI zrI saranA jI /

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197 bhUra sundarI jaina bhajanoddhAra (saM. 1980),(2)bhara sundarI viveka vilAsa (saM. 1984),(3) bhUra sundarI bodha vinoda (saM. 1984),(4) bhara sundarI adhyAtma bodha (saM. 1983),(5) bhUra sundarI jJAna prakAza (saM. 1986), (6) bhUra sundarI vidyAbilAsa (saM. 1986) / 7. ratnakuMvara: prAcArya zrI Ananda RSi jI mahArAja kI AjJAnuvartI pravartinI zrI ratnakuMvarajI zAstra paMDitA aura tapasvinI sAdhvI haiN| kAvya kSetra meM inakI acchI gati hai| stavanoM aura upadezoM kA eka saMgraha 'ratnAvalI' nAma se prakAzita huyA hai| 51 DhAloM meM nibaddha inakI eka anya racanA 'zrI ratnacUr3a, maNicUDa caritna' bhI prakAzita huI hai| bhIlavAr3A se eka AkhyAnaka kAvya 'satI candralekhA' saM. 2004 meM prakAzita huaa| uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para sthAnakavAsI paramparA ke kaviyoM kI kAvya-sAdhanA kI mukhya vizeSatAoM ko saMkSepa meM isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai: (1) ye kavi pramukha rUpa se sAdhaka aura zAstrajJa rahe haiN| kavitva inake liye gauNa rahA hai| pratidina janamAnasa ko pratibodhita karanA inake kAryakrama kA mukhya aMga hone se apane upadeza ko bodhagamya aura janasulabha banAne kI dRSTi se ye samaya-samaya para stavana, bhajana, kathAkAvya mAdi kI racanA karate rahe haiN| (2) isa paramparA meM battIsa prAgamoM kI mAnyatA hone se inake kAvya kA mUla-preraNAsrota pAgama sAhitya aura isase saMbaddha kathA sAhitya rahA hai| suvidhA kI dRSTi se inake kAvya ke cAra varga kiye jA sakate haiM-caritakAvya, utsava kAvya, nIti kAvya aura stuti kAvya / carita kAvya meM sAmAnyataH tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM, mahAna prAcAryoM, niSThAvAna zrAvakoM, satiyoM Adi kI kathA kahI gaI hai| 'rAmAyaNa' aura 'mahAbhArata' ko apane DhaMga se DhAloM meM nibaddha kara unake prAdarzoM kA vyApaka pracAra prasAra karane meM ye baDe saphala rahe haiN| ye kAvya rasa, caupAI DhAla, sajjhAya, saMdhi, prabandha, cauDhAliyA, paMcaDhAliyA, SaTaDhAliyA, saptaDhAliyA, carita, kathA Adi rUpoM meM likhe gaye haiN| utsava kAvya vibhinna AdhyAtmika pavoM aura Rtu vizeSa ke badalate huye vAtAvaraNa ko mAdhyama banA kara likhe gaye haiN| inameM sAmAnyataH laukika rIti-nIti ko sAMgarUpaka ke mAdhyama se lokottara rUpa meM DhAlA jA rahA hai| nIti kAvya jIvanopayogI, upadezoM, tathA tAtvika siddhAMtoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| inameM sadAcAra pAlana, kaSAyatyAga, saptavyasana-tyAga brahmacarya, vrata-pratyAkhyAna, bAraha bhAvanA, jJAna darzana, cAritra, tapa, dayA, dAna, saMyama, Adi kA mAhAtmya tathA prabhAva varNita hai| stuti kAvya caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM, bIsa viharamAnoM aura mahAn mAcAryoM tathA muniyoM se saMbaMdhita haiN| (3) ina vibhinna kAvyoM kA mahatva do dRSTiyoM se vizeSa hai| sAhityika dRSTi se ina kaviyoM ne mahAkAvya aura khaNDa kAvyoM ke bIca kAvya-rUpoM ke kaI naye stara kAyama kiye aura unameM loka saMgIta kA vizeSa saundarya bhraa| varNya-viSaya kI daSTi se adhikAMza carita kAvyoM meM kathA kI koI navInatA yA maulikatA nahIM hai| piSTapeSaNa mAtra sA lagatA hai| eka hI caritra ko vibhinna rUpoM meM bAra-bAra gAyA gayA hai| para ina kathAoM ke mAdhyama se kSetrIya lokajIvana paura loka saMskRti kA jo citra aMkita kiyA gayA hai, vaha sAMskRtika dRSTi se bar3e mahatva kA hai| prAgamika kathAbhoM ke atirikta apanI paramparA se saMbaddha jina mahAna prAcAryo maniyoM aura sAdhviyoM para jo sajjhAya, stavana maura DhAneM likhI gaI haiM, unameM aitihAsika zodha kI paryApta sAmagrI hai|

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198 ( 4 ) yaha paramparA mUla rUpa se dhArmika krAMti aura sAmAjika jAgaraNa se jur3I huI hai / isa kAraNa ina kaviyoM meM dharma ke kSetra meM vyApta ADambara, bAhyAcAra, rUr3hivAditA aura jar3atA ke prati svAbhAvika rUpa se vidroha kI bhAvanA rahI hai / inhoMne sadaiva nirmala saMyama-sAdhanA, bhAMtarika pavitratA aura sAdhvAcAra kI kaThora maryAdA para bala diyA hai / ( 5 ) isa paramparA ke kaviyoM kA vihAra kSetra mukhyataH rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra aura paMjAba rahA hai / janmanA, rAjasthAnI hokara bhI apane sAdhanAkAla meM ye vibhinna kSetroM meM pada vihAra karate rahe haiM / isa kAraNa inakI bhASA meM svAbhAvika rUpa se anya prAMtoM ke dezaja zabdoM kA samAveza ho gayA hai / bhASA ke kSetra meM ina kaviyoM kA dRSTikoNa bar3A udAra aura lacIlA rahA hai / inhoMne sadaiva tatsama prayogoM ke sthAna para tadbhava prayogoM ko vizeSa mahatva diyA hai / bhASA kI rUr3hibaddhatA se ye sadaiva dUra rahe haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki inake kAvyoM meM bhale hI rItikAlIna kaviyoM sA camatkAra -pradarzana aura kalAtmaka saundarya na mile para bhASA vijJAna kI fe se inake adhyayana kA vizeSa mahatva hai / alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM ye bar3e sajaga rahe haiM / upamAnoM ke cayana meM inakI dRSTi zAstrIyatA kI apekSA lokajIvana para adhika TikI hai / lambe-lambe sAMgarUpaka bAMdhane meM ye vizeSa dakSa pratIta hote haiM / ( 6 ) chanda ke kSetra meM inakA vizeSa yogadAna hai| jahAM eka ora inhoMne pracalita mAtrika aura varNika chandoM kA saphalatApUrvaka nirvAha kiyA hai, vahAM dUsarI ora vibhinna chandoM ko milAkara kaI naye chandoM kI sRjanA kI hai / ye kavi apane kAvya kA sRjana mukhyataH janamAnasa ko pratibodhita karane ke uddezya se kiyA karate the, ataH samaya-samaya para pracalita loka dhunoM naura loka priya tarkoM ko apanAnA ye kabhI nahIM bhuule| jahAM vairAgya pradhAna kavitta aura savaiye likha kara inhoMne mAM bhAratI kA bhaMDAra bharA, vahAM khyAloM meM pracalita tor3e bhI inakI pahuMca se nahIM bace | gaz2ala aura philmI dhuna ke prayoga bhI prAdhyAtmaka ke kSetra meM ye bar3I kuzalatA se kara sake haiM / citrakAvyAtmaka chandabaddha racanA meM tiloka RSi aura amI RSi kA yogadAna vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / (7) kAvya - nirmANa ke sAtha-sAtha prati lekhana aura sAhitya saMrakSaNa meM bhI ina kaviyoM kI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA rahI hai / kaI muniyoM aura sAdhviyoM ne apane jIvana meM saikar3oM mUlyavAna aura durlabha graMthoM kA pratilekhana kara, unheM kAlakavalita hone se bacAyA hai / sAhitya ke saMrakSaNa aura pratilekhana meM inhoMne kabhI bhI sAmpradAyika dRSTi ko mahatva nahIM diyA / jo bhI inheM jJAnabarddhaka, janahitakArI aura sAhityika tathA aitihAsika dRSTi se mUlyavAna lagA, phira cAhe vaha jaina ho yA jainetara, usakA saMgraha - saMrakSaNa avazya kiyA / rASTrIya ekatA evaM sAMskRtika kI dRSTi se inakA yogadAna atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai /

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rAjasthAnI padya sAhityakAra 4. -sAdhvI kanakazrI satya eka hai, akhaNDa hai aura zAzvata hai / lekina usakI abhivyakti ke srota, sAdhana aura pariveza bhinna-bhinna hote haiM / yaha vividhatA sAhityakAra ke vizvajanIna vyaktitva ko bhI sImAoM, rekhAoM aura nAnA vargoM meM vibhavata kara detI hai / sAhitya kI mUla preraNA hai prAntarika saMgharSa aura apanI anubhUtiyoM ko jana-sAmAnya kI anubhUtiyoM meM bhigo dene kI eka tIvratama utkaMThA / phira bhI pratyeka sAhityakAra kI yaha majabUrI hotI hai ki vaha apane kathya ko apane pariveza ke AveSTanoM se AveSTita karake hI vizva ke sAmane prastuta karatA hai aura vizva cetanA use sAmpradAyikatA kI dRSTi se dekhane lagatI hai / isa dRSTi se dekheM to sabhI jaina sampradAyoM ke yazasvI vidvAnoM ne rAjasthAnI bhASA kA samAdara kiyA hai aura samaya-samaya para usake sAhitya bhaNDAra ko bahumUlya grantharatnoM kA ardhya car3hAyA hai / isa krama meM terApaMtha saMgha kI sAhitya-paramparA ne bhI apane yuga kA saphala pratinidhitva kiyA hai / terApaMtha ke zrAdya praNetA prAcArya zrI bhikSu se lekara yugapradhAna AcArya zrI tulasI dvArA pravAhita srotasvinI kI eka-eka dhArA isa tathya ko ujAgara karatI huI Age bar3ha rahI hai / terApaMtha saMgha ke aneka-aneka maniSiyoM ne rAjasthAnI sAhitya ko samRddha banAne meM apanA mahatvapUrNa yoga diyA hai / prastuta hai unameM se kucha cune hue sAhityakAroM kA paricaya aura unakI padyabaddha kRtiyoM kI saMkSipta samIkSA | star zrI bhikSu ra unakI sAhitya sevA: zrAcArya zrI bhikSu terApaMtha dharma saMgha ke pravartaka the para apane svatantra darzana zraura maulika cintana ke AdhAra para yuga cetanA ne unheM yugapravartaka thora krAnta-draSTA ke rUpa meM sahaja svIkRti hai | prAcArya zrI bhikSu kI kAvya pratibhA naisargika thI / unhoMne gadya aura padya donoM hI vidhAoM meM apanI anubhUtiyoM ko gUMthA hai / vaha samagra sAhitya 38,000 zloka parimita ho jAtA hai / unakI padyamaya kRtiyAM 'bhikSu grantha ratnAkara' nAmaka grantha meM saMkalita haiM / usake do khaNDa haiN| pahale khaNDa ke 938 pRSThoM meM unakI choTI-baDI 34 kRtiyAM prakAzita haiM aura dUsare khaNDa ke 712 pRSThoM meM 21 kRtiyAM / unakI racanAoM meM sahaja saundarya hai, mAdhurya hai, proja hai aura hai zradbhuta phakkaDapana ke sAtha pUrNa anAgrahavRtti, Rju dRSTikoNa, vItarAga prabhu ke prati agAdha zrAsthA, zrAgama vANI ke prati sampUrNa samarpaNa bhAva aura bhrAntarika vinamnatA kI suspaSTa jhalaka hai /

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200 unakI tAttvika aura dArzanika kRtiyoM meM, eka gahanatama kRti hai 'nava padArthaM sadbhAva' / yaha eka uccakoTi kA dArzanika graMtha hai| jaina darzana sammata nau tatvoM kA sUkSma pratipAdana jisa samagratA aura sahajatA se isameM huA hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hai / zrI majjAcArya aura unakI vizAla sAhitya rAzi : , zrAcArya zrI bhikSu se lagabhaga eka zatAbdI pazcAt zrAye terApaMtha ke caturtha zrAcArya zrI jItamalajI svAmI, jinheM hama jayAcArya kI abhidhA se abhihita karate haiM / ve mahAn sAhitkAra zrutasamupAsanA meM ekArNavIbhUta hokara unhoMne jo pAyA aura yuga ko diyA vaha Aja bhI unakI pracura sAhitya rAzi meM surakSita hai / the / zradvitIya TIkAkAraH jayAcArya kI pratimA camatkArI thI / unakI sAhityika pratibhA bacapana meM hI parisphuTa thI / gyAraha varSa kI kizorAvasthA meM 'santaguNamAlA' nAmaka kRti kI saMracanA kara unhoMne samUce saMgha ko cauMkA diyA thA / yauvana kI dahalIja para pAMva dharate hI mAnoM unakA kavi eka sAtha aMgaDAI lekara jAga uThA aura mAtra 18 varSa kI vaya meM unhoMne 'pannavaNA' jaise gahanatama jaina zrAgama para, rAjasthAnI bhASA meM padyabaddha TIkA likha DAlI / usake bAda to unakI sAhitya srotasvinI itanI tIvra gati se bahI ki thAmeM bhI nahIM thmii| apane jIvana kAla meM sAr3he tIna lAkha padya pramANa grantha racanA kara mAnoM unhoMne rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI dizA meM naye yuga kA sUtrapAta kara diyA / 'bhagavatI kI jor3a' zrApakI zradvitIya kRti hai / yaha hai vRhattama jaina Agama bhagavatI kI padyabaddha rAjasthAnI TIkA / 80,000 padya parimita yaha anupama kRti apanI durUhatA kI svayaMbhUta pramANa hai / sarasa rAga-rAginiyoM meM saMrabdha yaha TIkA sAhitya jagat kI amUlya dharohara hai / isake atirikta nizItha, zrAcArAga aura uttarAdhyayana kI padyabaddha TIkAyeM likhakara unhoMne na kevala naI sAhityika vidhA ko janma diyA, balki use sarvajanIna banAne meM bhI ve saphala siddha huye haiM / jayAcArya pahale vyakti the, jinhoMne jaina zrAgamoM kI padyamaya TIkAyeM likhakara rAjasthAnI sAhitya ko gauravAnvita kiyA / una TIkAoM ke mAdhyama se unhoMne gUr3hatama saiddhAMtika praznoM ko samAhita kiyA aura cintana ke naye AyAma udghATita kiye / TIkAoM kI bhASA sarasa, sarala aura pravAhapUrNa hai| unakI lekhanI kI kSamatA pradbhuta thI / padyoM kA nirmANa kara lenA unake liye koI kaThina nahIM thA / tabhI jaise mahAgraMtha ko pAMca varSoM kI svalpa avadhi meM taiyAra kara sake / eka dina meM tIna-tIna sau to ve 'bhagavatI kI jor3a' bhakta kaviH jayAcArya eka uccakoTi ke bhakta kavi the / bhakti rasa se zrotaprota unakI aneka racanAeM jaba loka-gItoM ke rUpa meM jana-jana ke muMha para thirakatI haiM to vyakti kI adhyAtma cetanA saMkRta ho uThatI hai / 'caubIsI' (caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti) ApakI aisI hI bhakti pradhAna janapriya kRti hai / eka adhyAtma kRti hote huye bhI usakA sAhityika rUpa bhI kama nikharA huA nahIM hai /

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201 unhoMne tAtvika aura dArzanika viSayoM meM svatantra rUpa se bhI bahuta kucha likhA hai| jinameM 'jhoNI caracA, jhoNoM jJAna, praznottara tatva bodha aura jinAjJA ko cauDhAliyo' hai| caritna prabandhoM meM 'bhikSu jasa rasAyaNa, hemana baraso, saradAra sujasa, mahipAla caritra' pramukha haiN| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jayAcArya kI nAnA vidhAoM meM vinirmita sAhitya rAzi apanI maulikatA kI prastuti ke sAtha-sAtha zodha vidvAnoM ke liye pracara sAmagrI prastuta kara rahI hai| unakI amara kRtiyAM rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI apratima upalabdhi hai| yuga pradhAna AcArya zrI tulasI aura unakI kAvya-kRtiyAM: yuga pradhAna prAcAryazrI tulasI terApaMtha saMgha ke nauveM adhizAstA aura jaina paramparA ke mahAn varcasvI yugaprabhAvaka prAcArya haiN| Apa gyAraha varSa kI vaya meM muni bane, bAIsa varSa kI avasthA meM terApaMtha ke prAcArya bne| paitIsa varSa kI vaya meM praNavata anuzAstA bane aura eka mahAna naitika krAMti ke sannadhAra banakara antarrASTIya kSitija para eka mahAna zakti ke rUpa prAe / prAcAryazrI kI sAhityika pratibhA aneka-aneka dhArAoM meM bahI hai aura darzana, nyAya, siddhAMta, kAvya Adi sAhitya kI nAnA vidhAoM meM parisphuTita haI hai| Apane jahAM hindI aura saMskRta ko apanI amulya kAvya-kRtiyAM aura grantha-ratna samarpita kie haiM vahAM apanI mAtabhASA ke caraNoM meM bhI anarthya maNiyoM kA arthya car3hAyA hai| unhoMne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM bahata kucha likhA hai, jisameM ullekhanIya hai--'zrI kAla upadeza vATikA, zrI kAlU yazovilAsa, mANaka mahimA, DAlima caritna, magana caritra' Adi kRtiyAM / kAla upadeza vATikAH-- AcAryazrI ke bhAvapravaNa propadezika gItoM evaM bhajanoM kA utkRSTa koTi kA saMkalana hai yaha, ina gItoM meM mIrAM kI bhakti aura kabIra kA phakkaDapana donoM hI prakharatA liye huye hai| zrI kAla yazovilAsa:-- prAcAryazrI kI apratima kAvya kRti hai--zrI kAla yazovilAsa / rAjasthAnI bhASA meM saMdabdha yaha kRti kAvya paramparA kI bejor3a kar3I hai| bhASA kI saMskRta niSThatA ne rAjasthAnI bhASA ke gaurava ko kama nahIM hone diyA hai, pratyata usakI sajIvatA aura samRddhi kA saMvarddhana hI kiyA hai| yaha kRti kAvya paramparA kI bajor3a kar3I hai| mANaka mahimA:-- mANaka mahimA AcAryazrI kI rAjasthAnI bhASA meM grathita dUsarI kAvya kRti hai| isameM terApaMtha ke chaThe AcAryazrI mANaka gaNI kI jIvana-gAthA gumphita hai| isameM terApaMtha saMgha kI gauravazAlI paramparA, itihAsa aura tatkAlIna paristhitiyoM ko jisa paTatA se gaMthA gayA hai vaha kavi kI vyaMjanA zakti, bhAva pravaNatA aura atIta ko vartamAna se sampakta kara dene kI adbhuta kSamatA kA paricAyaka hai| prastuta kRti meM prAkRtikatA citraNa aura kAlpanika kI apekSA kavi ne mAnavIya bhAvoM ke prAkalana meM adhika saphalatA pAI hai| kavitva kI dRSTi se aneka sthala baDe hI camatkArI

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102 paura kalApUrNa bana par3e haiN| kahIM-kahIM anubhUtiyoM kI tIvratA aura kavitA meM utara AI kavi kI saMvedanazIlatA hRdaya ko jhakajhora detI hai| hAlima caritra:-- isa prabandha kAvya meM terApaMtha ke saptama prAcAryazrI DAlagaNI ke garimAmaya vyaktitva kI vistRta jhAMkI prastuta kI hai AcAryazrI tulasI ne sarala bhASA aura AkarSaka zailI meN| kAvyanAyaka kA vyaktitva svataH spharta thA aura netRtva sakSama / unakI variSThatA kA pramANa hai, saMgha ke dvArA prAcArya pada ke liye unakA nirvirodha cunAva / prAcArya caritAvalI kI pUraka kar3iyAM: terApantha ke pAMca pUrvAcAryoM kA yazasvI jIvana caritra 'prAcArya caritAvalI' nAmaka graMthake do khaNDoM meM prakAzita hai jo terApantha kI santa paramparA ke vibhinna kaviyoM dvArA apanIapanI zailI aura apane-apane DhaMga se praNIta hai| / ina kRtiyoM kA bhI rAjasthAnI padya-sAhitya paramparA meM gauravapUrNa sthAna hai| apane pUrvAcAryoM kA prAmANika jIvana vRtta likhakara terApantha saMgha ne sAhitya-jagat ko apanI maulika dena dI hai| pazcAtavartI tIna prAcAryoM ke jIvana-vatta alikhita the, prAcAryazrI kI camatkArI kAvya pratibhA kA yoga milA, usa kamI kI pUrti hii| 'mANaka mahimA, DAlama caritra aura kAla yazovilAsa' ye tInoM kAvya kRtiyAM prAcArya caritAvalI kI adhUrI zrRMkhalA kI pUraka kar3iyAM bana gaI haiN| magana carita:-- magana caritra AcAryazrI tulasI kA rAjasthAnI geya kAvya hai, jisameM eka aise mahAmanA vyakti kI jIvana-gAthA kavitA ke kamanIya svaroM meM mukhara huI hai, jisane terApantha ke pAMca-pAMca prAcAryoM ke vibhinna yugoM meM apanI mahatvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhAI thI aura AcAryazrI ne unakI viralatAmoM kA mUlyAMkana kara unheM mantrI pada se samalaMkRta kiyA thaa| ve the zAsana-stambha muni zrI maganalAla jI svAmI jinakI vibhinna bhUmikAoM kA saMkSipta citra prastuta hai kavi ke zabdoM meM madhavA mAnyoM, mANaka jAnyo, sammAnyo gaNi DAla / kAlU apano aMga pichANyo, tulasI mAnI DhAla // terApantha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne bhI rAjasthAnI bhASA meM bahuta kucha likhA hai| unakA mIti sAhitya aura pAkhyAna sAhitya rAjasthAna ke padyAtmaka vAGamaya meM apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai aura loka-jIvana ko prabhAvita karane meM vaha kAphI saphala rahA hai|

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rAjasthAnI padya sAhityakAra 5 (1) bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ( saMvat 1443-1499 ) bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti saMskRta ke samAna hI rAjasthAnI bhASA ke bhI jabaradasta vidvAna the / isaliye jahAM unhoMne eka ora saMskRta bhASA meM 28 se bhI adhika kRtiyAM nibaddha kI vahAM rAjasthAnI meM bhI sAta racanAyeM chandobaddha karake rAjasthAnI ke pracAra-prasAra meM mahatvapUrNa yoga diyA hai| ye 15vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the tathA inakA mukhya kendra mevAr3a, bAgaDa evaM rAjasthAna meM milane vAle gujarAta ke nagara evaM gAMva the 1 inakI rAjasthAnI racanAoM ke nAma nimna prakAra haiM ArAdhanA pratibodha sAra nemIzvara gIta -- DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla muktAvali gIta NamokAra phala gIta solahakAraNa rAsa sAra sIkhAmaNi rAsa zAntinAtha phAgu NamokAra phala gIta meM prArAdhanA prati ye sabhI kRtiyAM bhASA sAhitya ke adhyayana kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiM / 15 padya haiM jinameM NamokAra mantra kA mahAtmya evaM unake phala kA varNana hai / bodha sAra meM 55 padya haiM jinameM vividha viSayoM kA varNana milatA hai| isI taraha sAra sIkhAmami rAsa zikSAprada racanA hai / isameM 4 DhAleM aura tIna vastubaMdha chanda haiM / muktAvalI gIta, solahakAraNa rAsa evaM zAntinAtha phAgu bhI laghu racanAyeM avazya haiM kintu rAjasthAnI bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se avazya mahatvapUrNa haiM / nemIzvaragIta evaM muktAvalI gIta unakI saMgIta pradhAna racanAyeM haiM / ( 2 ) brahmajinadAsa : isaliye ye yogya guru ke brahmajinadAsa bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke pramukha ziSya the / yogyatama ziSya the / sAhitya sevA hI inake jIvana kA eka mAtra uddezya thA / yadyapi inakA saMskRta evaM rAjasthAnI donoM bhASAoM para samAna adhikAra thA lekina rAjasthAnI se unheM vizeSa anurAga thA isaliye 50 se bhI adhika racanAyeM inhoMne isI bhASA meM likhiiN| rAjasthAnI bhASA ke brahmajinadAsa saMbhavataH prathama mahAkavi haiM jinhoMne itanI adhika saMkhyA meM kAvya racanA kI ho / apane jIvana kAla meM aura usake saikar3oM varSoM bAda taka rAjasthAnI bhASA ko prazraya denA inakI bahuta bar3I sevA mAnI jAnI cAhiye / brahmajinadAsa ke janma, janma tithi, janma-sthAna Adi ke bAre meM to nizcita jAnakArI nahIM milatI / yaha avazya hai ki ye bha. sakalakIrti ke ziSya the sAtha hI laghu bhrAtA bhI the / isaliye bha. sakalakIrti kA una para sabase adhika anurAga rahA hogA / inhoMne sabase adhika rAsa saMjJaka kAvya likhe jisase patA calatA hai ki ve kAvya kI isa vidhA ko sabase adhika mAnyatA dene vAle mahAkavi the / rAmarAsa ko inhoMne saMvat 1508 meM tathA harivaMza purANa ko saMvat 1520 meM nibaddha kiyA thA / zeSa racanAoM meM inhoMne inakI samApti kA koI samaya nahIM diyA / ina mahAkavi kI racanAoM ko hama cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara sakate haiM

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104 (1) purANa sAhitya : AdinAtha purANa harivaMza purANa (2) rAsaka sAhitya :-- rAma sItA rAsa nAgakumAra rAsa holI rAsa zreNika rAsa ambikA rAsa jambasvAmI rAsa sukozalasvAmI rAsa daza lakSaNa rAsa dhanyakumAra rAsa dhanapAla rAsa nemIzvara rAsa aThAvIsa mUlaguNa rAsa yazodhara rAsa paramahaMsa rAsa dharmaparIkSA rAsa samyaka mithyAtva rAsa nAgazrI rAsa bhadrabAhu rAsa rohiNI rAsa anantavrata rAsa cArudatta prabandha rAsa / bhaviSyadatta rAsa karakaNDu rAsa hanumata rAsa ajitanAtha rAsa jyeSTha jinavara rAsa sudarzana rAsa zrIpAla rAsa karmavipaka rAsa solahakAraNa rAsa baMkacUla rAsa pUSpAMjali rAsa jIvandhara rAsa subhaumacakravati rAsa (3) gIta evaM stavana : mithyA-dukaDa vinatI pAlocanA jayamAla jiNaMdagIta AdinAtha stavana jIvaDA gIta bArahavata gIta sphuTa vInatI, gIta Adi (4) kathA sAhitya : ravivrata kathA caurAsI jAti jayamAla aSTAMga samyaktva kathA bhaTTAraka vidyAdharakathA vrata kathA koSa paJca parameSThi guNavarNana pUjA sAhitya : guru jayamAla jambUdvIpa pUjA guru pUjA sarasvatI pUjA zAstra pUjA nirdoSa saptamI vrata pUjA bhASA: kavi ke mukhya kSetra kI bhASA gujarAtI hone ke kAraNa inakI sabhI racanAoM para gujarAtI kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| isaliye kahIM-kahIM to aisA lagane lagatA hai jaise mAnoM vaha gujarAtI kI hI racanA ho| brahma jinadAsa ne apane guru bha. sakalakIrti kA pratyeka racanA meM ullekha hI nahIM kiyA kintu zraddhA ke sAtha unakI vandanA bhI kI hai| brahma jinadAsa kI kRtiyoM meM kAvya ke vividha lakSaNoM kA samAveza hai| yadyapi prAyaH sabhI kAvya zAnta-rasa paryavasAyI haiM lekina vIra, zRMgAra, hAsya Adi rasoM kA bhI yatra-tatra prayoga

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- 105 kSamatA hai| kavi ke kAma hamA hai| kavi meM apane mantavya ko AkarSaka rIti se kahane kI kSamatA hai| kavi ke kAvya sadA hI lokapriya rahe haiN| Aja bhI rAjasthAna ke pacAsoM zAstra bhaNDAra inakI kRtiyoM se samalaMkRta haiN| (3) padmanAbha : ye rAjasthAnI vidvAna the aura cittauDa inakA nivAsa sthAna thaa| abhI taka inakI eka racanA bAvanI upalabdha huI hai jise inhoMne saMghapati DUMgara ke prAgraha se likhI thii| bAvanI kA racanA kAla sana 1486 hai| isameM sabhI 54 chanda chappaya chanda haiN| rAjasthAnI bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se yaha eka uccastarIya racanA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'DUMgara kI bAvanI' bhI hai kyoMki bAvanI ke pratyeka chanda meM saMghapati DUMgara ko saMbodhita kiyA gayA hai| (4) ThakkurasI : kavivara ThakkUrasI rAjasthAnI ke acche vidvAna the| inakI likhI haI aba taka 5 racanAyeM upalabdha ho nakI haiM jinake nAma haiM -pArzvanAtha sattAvIsI, zIla battIsI, paMcendriya beli, kRpaNa caritra evaM nemi rAjamati veli / prathama racanA saMvat 1578 meM tathA dUsarI evaM tIsarI racanA saMvat 1585 meM samApta huI thii| yadyapi ye sabhI laghu racanAyeM haiM lekina bhASA evaM varNana zailI kI daSTi se ye uccakoTi kI kRtiyAM haiN| kavivara ThakkurasI apanI ra / kavivara ThakkurasI apanI racanAoM ke kAraNa rAjasthAna meM kAphI lokapriya rhe| bhaNDAroM meM paMcendriya veli, kRpaNa caritna jaisI racanAeM acchI saMkhyA meM upalabdha hotI haiN| inake pitA kA nAma dhelha athavA thelha thaa| ye rAjasthAna ke kisa pradeza meM nivAsa karate the isake bAre meM inakI racanAyeM mauna haiN| (5) chohala :-- rAjasthAnI kaviyoM meM chIhala kA nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya hai| rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM inakI pramukha racanA bAvanI paryApta saMkhyA meM upalabdha hai| ye agravAla jaina the aura inake pitA kA nAma nAthU thaa| aba taka inakI pAMca kRtiyAM upalabdha ho cukI haiM jinake nAma nimna prakAra haiM :-- paMca sahelI gIta udaragIta paMthI gIta beli bAvanI gIta (re jIva-jagata supaNoM jANi) prAcArya rAmacandra zukla evaM DA. rAmakumAra varmA ne bhI apane hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM kavi ke paMca pahelI gIta kA ullekha kiyA hai| ukta racanAyoM meM paMthI gIta evaM paMca pahelI gIta kA racanAkAla saMvat 1575 tathA bAvanI kA saMvat 1584 hai| bAvanI kavi kI sabase bar3I racanA hai jo eka se adhika viSayoM ke varNana se yukta hai| jisameM saMsAra kI dazA, nArI caritra Adi viSaya pramukha haiN| bAvanI ke pratyeka chaMda meM kavi ne apane nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| kavi kI zeSa sabhI racanAyeM gItoM ke rUpa meM hai jisase patA calatA hai ki tatkAlIna jana sAdhAraNa ko hindI bhASA kI aura prAkRSTa

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karane ke lie gItAtmaka zailI apanAyI hai| kavi ne pratyeka viSaya kA sUkSma varNana kiyA hai bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se sabhI racanAyeM ThIka haiN| (6) prAcArya somakIti : prAcArya somakIrti 15vIM zatAbdI ke ubhaTa vidvAna pramukha sAhitya sevI evaM utkRSTa jaina saMta the| ve svAdhyAya karate, sAhitya sajana karate aura logoM ko usakI mahattA btlaate| ve saMskRta, prAkRta, rAjasthAnI evaM gajarAtI bhASA ke prasiddha vidvAna the| prAcArya somakIti kASThAsaMgha ke nandItaTa zAkhA ke santa the| saMvata 1518 meM racita eka aitihAsika paTTAvalI meM unhoMne apane Apako kASThAsaMgha kA 7vAM bhadrAraka likhA hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA meM aba taka inakI 6 racanAyeM upalabdha ho cakI haiN| inake nAma nimna prakAra haiM :---- gurvAvalI mallinAtha gIta yazodhara rAsa AdinAtha vinatI riSabhanAtha stuti nepana kriyAgIta murvAvalI saMskRta evaM rAjasthAnI mizrita racanA hai| isa kRti ke AdhAra para saMvat 1518 meM racita rAjasthAnI gadya kA namanA dekhA jA sakatA hai| yazodhara rAsa kavi kI sabase bar3I racanA hai| ise usane saMvat 1536 meM likhA thaa| RtuoM, per3a-pattoM evaM prAkRtika dRzyoM kA isa kAvya meM acchA varNana hasA hai| zeSa sabhI kRtiyAM sAmAnya haiN| jJAnabhUSaNa : bhaTAraka jAnabhaSaNa vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI ke vidAna the| ye bha. bhavanakIti ke ziSya the| ye saMvat 1530-31 meM kisI samaya bhadAraka gAdI para baiThe aura 1560 ke pUrva taka bhaTTAraka rhe| ye saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI ke pramukha vidvAna the| aba taka inake 10 saMskRta grantha evaM 5 rAjasthAnI bhASA meM nibaddha graMtha mila cuke haiN| rAjasthAnI kRtiyoM ke nAma nimna prakAra haiM : posaha rAsa mAdIzvara phAga SaT karma rAsa jala gAlaNa rAsa nAgadrA rAsa prAdIzvara phAga rAjasthAnI bhASA kI acchI kRti hai| phAga saMjJaka kAvyoM meM isakA viziSTa sthAna hai| yaha kRti bhI saMskRta evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA meM nibaddha hai| isameM donoM bhASAmoM ke 501 padya haiM jinameM 262 rAjasthAnI aura zeSa 239 saMskRta padya haiN| kavi kI anya sabhI racanAyeM bhI bhASA, viSaya varNana evaM chandoM kI dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN| zAnabhUSaNa ne rAjasthAnI bhASA ke vikAsa meM jo yogadAna diyA vaha sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai| (8) brahma bUcarAja : rAjasthAnI bhASA meM rUpaka kAvyoM ke nirmAtA kI dRSTi se brahma bucarAja kA ullekhanIya sthAna hai| inakI racanAoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya saMvat 1530 se 1600 taka kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| mayaNajujjha inakI sarvAdhika lokapriya racanA rahI jisakI kitanI hI pANDulipiyAM rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hotI haiN| kavi pUrNataH prAdhyAtmika the

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201 aura apane kAvyoM meM bhI usane mAnava ke asada guNoM para sadguNoM kI vijaya batalAyI hai| mayaNajajjha meM kAmadeva para vijaya prApti kA jo citra upasthita kiyA hai vaha bar3A hI AkarSaka hai| isI taraha usane santoSa tilaka jayamAla meM santoSa kI lobha para jo vijaya batAI hai vaha apane daSTi kA akelA kAvya hai aura apanI cetana pudgala dhamAla meM jo jar3a aura cetana kA dvanda batalAyA hai tathA janma janmAntaroM se cale A rahe saMgharSa ko jina zabdoM meM upasthita kiyA hai vaha kavi ke kAvyatva zakti evaM kAvya pratibhA kA paricAyaka hai| cetana aura jar3a kA saMvAda bahata hI sundara rIti se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| brahma bUcarAja kI aba taka nimna racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM: mayaNajujjha ( TaMDANA gIta vijayakIrti gIta saMtoSa tilaka jayamAla neminAtha vasaMtu pada cetana pudgala dhamAla nemIzvara kA bArahamAsA (9) brahma yazodhara (saMvat 1520-90): brahma yazodhara kASThAsaMgha meM hone vAle bha. somakIrti ke praziSya evaM vijayasena ke ziSya the| ye mahAvratI the| inakA vihAra sthAna rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra evaM uttara pradeza rhaa| vibhinna upalabdha pramANoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya saMvat 1520 se 1590 taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| inakI aba taka nimna kRtiyAM prApta ho cukI haiM : mallinAtha gIta . neminAtha gIta (saM. 1581) neminAtha gIta neminAtha gIta balibhadra caupaI brahma yazodhara kI kAvya zailI parimArjita hai| ve kisI bhI viSaya ko sarala zabdoM meM prastuta karane meM sakSama the| unhoMne neminAtha para tIna gIta likhe lekina tInoM hI gItoM meM apanIapanI vizeSatAeM haiN| balibhadra caupaI inakI sabase acchI kAvya kRti hai| yaha zrIkRSNa evaM balarAma ke sahodara prema kI eka uttama kRti hai| yaha laghu kAvya hai| nikharI huI bhASA meM nibaddha yaha kAvya rAjasthAnI bhASA kI uttama kRti hai| abhI inakI aura bhI kRtiyAM milane kI saMbhAvanA hai| (10) bhaTTAraka zubhacandra: bhaTTAraka zubhacandra bha. vijayakIrti ke ziSya the| saMvat 1530 ke pAsa pAsa inakA janma huprA aura bAlyakAla meM hI inakA bhaTTArakoM se samparka ho gyaa| saMvat 1573 meM ye bhadrAraka bane aura isa pada para saMvata 1613 taka bane rhe| inhoMne deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vihAra kiyA aura jIvana paryanta sat sAhitya kA pracAra karane meM lage rhe| inhoMne graMthoM kA bhArI adhyayana kiyA aura janatA dvArA ye SaTabhASA cakravarti kahalAe jAne lge| aba taka inakI 24 saMskRta racanAyeM evaM 7 rAjasthAnI racanAyeM prApta ho cukI haiN| rAjasthAnI racanAoM ke nAma nimna prakAra haiM: mahAvIra chanda neminAtha chanda gIta maadi| vijayakIrti chanda dAna chanda guruchanda tatvasAra dUhA

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208 inakI bhI sabhI racanAyeM laghu haiN| tatvasAra duhA meM 91 chanda haiM jo jaina siddhAMtoM para prAdhArita haiN| inakI bhASA saMskRta-niSTha hai| kitane hI zabdoM kA anusvAra sahita jyoM kA tyoM prayoga kara liyA gayA hai| sabhI racanAyeM maulika evaM paThanIya haiN| (11) brahma jayasAgaraH brahma jayasAgara bha. ratnakIrti ke pramukha ziSyoM meM se the| inakA samaya saMvat 1580 se 1665 taka kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| inakI nimna racanAyeM mahatvapUrNa haiM:--- paMcakalyANaka gIta neminAtha gIta cunaDI gIta kSetrapAla gIta jasodhara gIta saMghapati mallidAsajI gIta zItalanAtha nI vInatI paMcakalyANaka gIta kavi kI sabase bar3I kRti hai| isameM 70 padya haiN| rAjasthAnI bhASA meM likhe gaye ye sabhI gIta atyadhika lokapriya rahe haiN| cunaDI gIta eka rUpaka gIta hai| isameM neminAtha ke vana cale jAne para unhoMne apane cariva rUpI cunaDI ko kisa rUpa meM dhAraNa kiyA isakA saMkSipta varNana hai / (12) AcArya candrakIrtiH prAcArya candrakIrti 17vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| ye bha. ratnakIrti ke ziSya the| kAMkarolI, DaMgarapUra, sAgavAr3A Adi nagara inake sAhitya nirmANa ke kendra the| 'solahakAraNarAsa, jayakumArAkhyAna, cAritna cUnaDI, corAsI lAkha jIva yoni bInatI' ye cAra racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiN| solahakAraNa rAsa eka laghu kRti hai jisameM 46 padya haiN| use bhaDauca (gujarAta) ke zAntinAtha mandira meM racI gaI thii| jayakumArAkhyAna 4 sargoM meM vibhakta eka khaNDa kAvya hai jisameM prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke putra samrATa bharata ke senAdhyakSa kA bhavya jIvana-caritra varNita hai| prAkhyAna vIra rasa pradhAna hai| isakI racanA bAraDolI nagara ke candraprabha caityAlaya meM saMvata 1655 kI caitra zuklA dazamI ke dina samApta huI thii| zeSa donoM hI kRtiyAM laghu kRtiyAM (13) muni mahanandiH -- mani mahanandi bha. vIracandra ke ziSya the| inako eka mAtra kRti bArakkharI dohA upalabdha hotI hai| isa kRti kA dUsarA nAma dohA pAhuDa bhI hai| isameM vividha viSayoM kA varNana diyA humA hai jinameM upadezAtmaka, AdhyAtmika evaM nIti paraka dohe pramukha rUpa se haiN| (14) brahma rAyamalla:-- brahma rAyamalla 17vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the| rAjasthAnI bhASA ke vidvAn santoM meM inakA ullekhanIya sthAna hai| ye muni anantakIrti ke ziSya the| ye rAjasthAna ke vibhinna nagaroM meM vihAra kiyA karate the tathA vahIM para zrAvakoM ke prAgraha se navIna kRtiyAM nibaddha karate rahate the|

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200 inameM sAMgAnera, raNathambhaura, sAMbhara, ToDArAyasiMha, hArasora prAdi sthAnoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| aba taka inakI nimna racanAeM upalabdha ho cukI haiN| nemIzvara rAsa (1615) sudarzana rAsa (1629) paramahaMsa caupaI (1636) AdityavAra kathA candragupta svapna caupaI hanumanta rAsa (1616) zrIpAla rAsa (1630) jambUsvAmI caupaI cintAmaNi jayamAla jyeSTha jinavara kathA pradyumna rAsa (1628) bhaviSyadatta rAsa (1633) nirdoSa saptamI kathA chiyAlIsa DhANA ukta sabhI kRtiyoM kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai tathA gItAtmaka zailI meM likhI haI hai| aisA lagatA hai ki kavi athavA inake ziSya ina kRtiyoM ko sunAyA karate the| isaliye kRtiyoM kI bhASA atyadhika sarala evaM rucikara hai| bhaviSyadatta rAsa inakI sabase acchI kRti hai jisameM 115 dohA-caupaI haiM tathA nagaroM, vahAM ke bAjAroM meM calane vAlA vyApAra, rahanasahana Adi kA bhI sundara varNana kiyA hai| bhaviSyadatta rAsa meM sAMgAnera kA isI taraha kA eka varNana dekhiye:-- solahasa taitIsa sAra, kAtiga sudi caudasi zanivAra, svAti nakSina siddhi zubha joga, pIDA dukha na vyApa roga 19081 desa DhuMDhAhaDa sobhA ghaNI, pUjai tahAM Ali maNa taNI / nirmala talau nadI bahu phairi, suSasa basa bahu sAMgAneri / 909 / cahaMdisi baNDA bhalA bAjAra, bhare paTolA motI haar| bhavana uttuga jinesura taNA, sone candavo toraNa ghaNA 19101 rAjA rAje bhagavatadAsa, rAjakuvara sevahi bahutAsa / parijA loga sukhI sukha vAsa, dukhI dalidrI pUravai pAsa // (15) chItara TholiyA:-- chItara TholiyA mojamAbAda ke nivAsI the| unakI jAti khaNDelavAla evaM gona TholiyA thaa| inakI eka mAtra racanA holI kI kathA saMvat 1650 kI kRti hai jisameM unhoMne apane hI grAma mojamAbAda meM nibaddha kI thii| usa samaya nagara para Amera ke mahArAjA mAnasiMha kA zAsana thaa| (16) harSakIti: harSakIti rAjasthAna ke jaina santa the| inhoMne rAjasthAnI evaM hindI meM kitanI hI choTI bar3I racanAyeM nibaMddha kI thiiN| caturgati veli inakI atyadhika lokapriya racanA rahI hai jise inhoMne saMvata 1683 meM samApta kiyA thaa| ye AdhyAtmika kavi the| nemirAjala gIta, nemIzvara gIta, moraDA, karmahiNDolanA, paMcagati veli Adi sabhI AdhyAtmika racanAyeM haiN| kavi dvArA nibaddha kitane hI pada bhI milate haiM jo abhI taka prakAza meM nahIM pAye haiN| kavi kI eka aura racanA vepanakriyA rAsa kI khoja kI jA cukI hai| yaha saMvat 1684 meM racI gaI thii| (17) ThAkura: ThAkura kavi 17vIM zatAbdI ke kavi the| kavi kisa pradeza ke the tathA mAtA-pitA kauna the isa saMbaMdha meM koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| inakI eka mAtra kRti zAntinAtha purANa kI eka 1. zAkambharI ke vikAsa meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna-DA. kAsalIvAla, pR. 471 - - -

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110 pANDulipi ajamera ke bhaTTArakIya graMtha bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai| isakA racanAkAla saMvat 1652 hai| purANa vistRta hai tathA sabhI kAvyagata tatvoM se yukta hai| (18) devendraH yazodhara ke jIvana para sabhI bhASAoM meM kitane hI kAvya likhe gaye haiN| rAjasthAnI evaM hindI meM bhI vibhinna kaviyoM ne isa kathA ko apane kAvyoM kA AdhAra banAyA hai| inhIM kAvyoM meM devendra kRta yazodhara carita bhI hai jisakI pANDulipiDUMgarapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM upalabdha hai| kAvya vahada hai| isakA racanA kAla saM. 1683 hai| devendra vikrama ke putra the jo svayaM bhI saMskRta evaM hindI ke acche kavi the| kavi ne mahamA nagara meM yazodhara kI racanA samApta kI thI saMvat 16 ATha nIsi pAso sudI bIja zukravAra to| rAsa racyo navaras bharyo mahuA nagara majhAra to|| kavi ne apanI kRti ko navarasa se paripUrNa kahA hai| (19) kalyANakIti:-- bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kI paramparA meM hone vAle muni devakIti ke ziSya kalyANakIrti the| ye 17vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the| kavi kI aba taka nimna racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM:-- cArudatta caritna (1692) zreNika prabandha pArzvanAtha rAso badhAvA cArudatta caritra meM seTha cArudatta ke jIvana para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| racanA dahA aura caupaI chanda meM hai| isakA dUsarA nAma cArudatta rAsa bhI hai| isa kRti ko inhoMne bhiloDA grAma meM nibaddha kI thii| zreNika saMbaMdha to inhoMne bAgaDa deza ke koTanagara meM saMvat 1705 meM likhA thaa| kalyANakIti rAjasthAnI bhASA ke acche kavi haiN| inake dvArA racita saMskRta racanAyeM bhI milatI haiM jinake nAma jIrAvalI pArzvanAtha stavana, navagraha stavana evaM tIrthaMkara vinatI haiN| (20) vardhamAna kaviH-- bhagavAna mahAvIra para yaha prAcInatama rAsa saMjJaka kRti hai jisakA racanA kAla saMvat 1665 hai| rAsa ke nirmAtA vardhamAna kavi haiN| kAvya kI dRSTi se yaha acchI racanA hai| vardhamAna kavi brahmacArI the aura bhaTTAraka vAdibhUSaNa ke ziSya the| rAsa kI ekamAtra pANDulipi udayapura ke agravAla digambara jaina mandira meM saMgrahIta hai| (21) bhaTTAraka vIracandraH vIracandra pratibhA sampanna vidvAn the| vyAkaraNa evaM nyAyazAstra ke prakANDa vettA the| saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI para inakA pUrNa adhikAra thaa| ye bha. lakSmIcandra ke

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211 ziSya the| ye 17vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the| aba taka inakI ATha racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM jinake nAma nimna prakAra haiM:-- vIravilAsa phAga naiminAtha rAsa sImaMdhara svAmI gIta saMbodha sattANu jina prAMtarA bAhubali veli jambUsvAmI veli cittanirodha kathA vIravilAsa phAga eka khaNDa kAvya hai jisameM 22 veM tIrthaMkara naiminAtha kI jIvana ghaTanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| phAga meM 137 padya haiN| jambUsvAmI veli eka gujarAtI mizrita rAjasthAnI racanA hai| jina prAMtarA meM 24 tIrthaMkaroM ke samaya grAdi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| saMbodha sattANa eka upadezAtmaka gIta hai jisameM 57 padya haiN| cittanirodhaka kathA 15 padyoM kI eka laghu kRti hai isameM bha. vIracandra ko 'lADa nIti zRMgAra' likhA hai| nemikumAra rAsa kI racanA saM. 1673 meM samApta huI thI yaha bhI neminAtha kI vaivAhika ghaTanA para AdhArita eka laghu kRti ke 1673 meM savAracandra (22) santa sumatikIrtiH-- sumatikIrti bhaTTArakIya paramparA ke vidvAn the| eka bhaTTAraka virudAvalI meM sumatikIrti ko siddhAMtavedi evaM nigrenthAcArya ina do vizeSaNoM se saMbodhita kiyA hai| ye rAjastha ke acche vidvAn the| aba taka inakI nimna racanAyeM prApta ho cukI haiM:-- dharmaparIkSA rAsa jinavarasvAmI vInatI jihvAdanta vivAda basanta vidyA vilAsa zItalanAtha gIta pada dharmaparIkSA rAsa inakI sabase bar3I racanA hai jise inhoMne saMvat 1625 meM samApta kI thii| (23) TIkama:-- TIkama 18vIM zatAbdI ke prathama caraNa ke kavi the| ye DhaMDhADa pradeza ke kAlakha grAma ke nivAsI the| inhoMne saMvat 1712 meM caturdazI caupaI kI racanA isI grAma ke jina mandira meM samApta kI thI / (24) khaDagasena (saMvat 1713):-- khaDgasena kA janma sthAna nAranaula thA jo bAgaDa deza meM sthita thaa| ye mAnUzAha ke pautra evaM laNarAja ke pUtra the| inako zikSA AgarA meM caturabhaja vairAgI ke pAsa haI tathA lAhora nagara meM samrATa zAhajahAM ke zAsana kAla meM saMvata 1713 meM trilokadarpaNa kathA kI racanA samApta kii| racanA dohA caupaI chanda meM nibaddha hai tathA tIna loka kA varNana karane vAlI hai| kavi ne kRti ke anta meM apanA vistRta paricaya diyA hai| (25) dilArAma: ___kavi ke pUrvaja khaMDele ke pahala gAMva ke rahane vAle the| kintu bUMdI nareza ke anurodha se ye saparivAra bUMdI Akara rahane lage the aura vahIM inakI 6 pIr3hiyAM gujara gayI thiiN| isake

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pUrva cAra pIr3hiyAM ToDArAyasiMha meM samApta huI thiiN| inakI tIna racanAyeM prApta ho cukI haiN| dilArAma vilAsa inakI sabhI laghu kRtiyoM kA saMkalana hai tathA prAtma dvAdazI meM prAtmA kA varNana huA hai| saMvat 1768 meM dilArAma vilAsa kI racanA pUrNa huI thii| tIsarI racanA vratavidhAnarAsau hai jisakI racanA saMvat 1767 meM samApta huI thii| tInoM hI racanAyeM abhI taka aprakAzita haiN| kavi kI bhASA parimArjita hai tathA usa para hADotI kA prabhAva hai| (26) muni zubhacandraH-- muni zubhacandra bha. jagatkIrti ke saMgha meM muni the / bhaTTArakoM ke saMgha meM prAcArya, muni, brahmacArI Adi sabhI rahate the| mani zubhacandra isakA pramANa hai| mani zabhacandra hADautI pradeza ke kujaDapura meM rahate the| vahAM candraprabha svAmI kA caityAlaya thaa| usI mandira meM inhoMne holI kathA ko nibaddha kiyA thaa| yaha racanA bhASA kI dRSTi se acchI kRti hai| isakA racanA kAla saM. 1755 hai| (27) nathamala bilAlA (saMvat 1822):-- nathamala bilAlA yadyapi mUla nivAsI AgarA ke the lekina pahile bharatapura aura phira hiNDauna Akara rahane lage the| unake pitA kA nAma zobhAcandra thaa| inhoMne siddhAMtasAra dIpaka kI racanA bharatapura meM sukharAma kI sahAyatA se tathA bhaktAmara stotra kI bhASA hiNDauna meM saMvat 1829 meM aTera nivAsI pANDe bAlacandra kI sahAyatA se kI thii| ukta donoM racanAtroM ke atirikta kavi kI nimna racanAeM aura upalabdha ho ca kI haiM:--- jiNaguNavilAsa (1822) jIvandhara carita (1835) aSTAhi nakA kathA nAgakumAra caritra (1834) jambUsvAmI caritra nathamala pratibhA sampanna kavi thA isaliye isakI racanAoM meM sahaja bhASA milatI hai| kavi ne sabhI racanAoM svAntaH sukhAya nibaddha kI thii| kavi ne apanA paricaya nimna prakAra diyA-- nandana sobhAcanda ko nathamala atignvaan| gota bilAlA gagana meM ugyo canda samAna / nagara Agaro taja rahe, hIrApura meM prAya / karata dekhi ugrasaina ko kIno adhika shaay|| (28) pracalakIti:-- ye 18vIM zatAbdI ke kavi the| aba taka inakI viSApahAra stotra bhASA, karmabattIsI evaM ravivratakathA racanAyeM prApta ho cakI haiN| karmabattIsI ko inhoMne saMvat 1777 meM samApta kI thii| ye bhadrArakIya paramparA ke santa the| (29) thAnasiMhaH-- kavivara thAnasiMha sAMgAnera ke rahane vAle the| inakI jAti khaNDelavAla evaM gotra TholiyA thaa| sUbaddhiprakAza kI grantha prazasti meM inhoMne Amera, sAMgAnera tathA jayapura kA varNana likhA hai| jaba inake mAtA-pitA jayapura meM azAnti ke kAraNa karolI cale gaye the taba bhI

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218 ye sAMgAnera meM rahe aura vahIM rahate huye racanAyeM likhI thiiN| inakI abhI taka do racanAyeM prApta hotI haiM--ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra evaM suubddhiprkaash| prathama racanA ko inhoMne saM. 1821 meM tathA dUsarI ko saMvat 1824 meM samApta kI thii| subuddhiprakAza kA dUsarA nAma thAnavilAsa bhI hai| isameM choTI racanAoM kA saMgraha hai| donoM hI racanAyeM bhASA evaM varNana zailI kI daSTi se sAmAnya racanAyeM haiN| inakI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva hai| (30) hIrAH hIrA kavi baMdI ke rahane vAle the| inhoMne saMvat 1848 meM neminAtha byAhalo nAmaka laghu racanA likhI thI / racanA gItAtmaka hai| (31) Tekacandra: Tekacandra 18vIM zatAbdI ke rAjasthAnI kavi haiM / inake pitA kA nAma dIpacanda evaM pitAmaha kA nAma rAmakRSNa thaa| ye mUlata: jayapura nivAsI the lekina phira mAhipurA meM jAkara rahane lage the| aba taka inakI 21 se bhI adhika racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiN| inameM 'puSpAsravakathAkoza (saM. 1822), paMca parameSTIpUjA, karmadahanapUjA, tInaloka pUjA (1828), sudRSTitaraMgiNI (1838), vyasanarAja varNana (1827), paMcakalyANa pUjA, paMcabhedapUjA, adhyAtma bArahakhaDI evaM dazAdhyAna sUtra TIkA' ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| inake pada bhI milate haiM jo adhyAtmarasa se aotaprota hote haiN| pUNyAsrava kathAkoza inakI vRhat racanA hai jisameM 79 kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| caupaI evaM dohA chandoM meM likhA hagrA yaha eka sundara kAvya hai| kavi ne ise saMvat 1822 meM samApta kiyA thaa| inakI sudRSTitaraMgiNI jaina samAja meM lokapriya racanA mAnI jAtI hai| isameM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna evaM samyakacaritra kA acchA varNana hayA hai| (32) jodharAja kAsalIvAla:--- ___jodharAja kAsalIvAla mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ke suputra the| apane pitA ke samAna yaha bhI rAjasthAnI ke acche kavi the| inakI ekamAtra kRti sukhavilAsa hai jisameM inakI sabhI racanAoM kA saMkalana hai| inakA yaha saMkalana saMvat 1884 ko samApta hA usa samaya kavi kI aMtima avasthA thii| mahAkavi daulatarAma ke marane ke pazcAt kavi jodharAja kisI samaya kAmAM cale gye| sUkhavilAsa meM kavi kI gadya padya donoM hI racanAyeM sammilita haiN| (33) sevArAma pATanI:-- sevArAma pATanI mahApaNDita ToDaramala ke samakAlIna vidvAn the tathA unhIM ke vicAroM ke samarthaka the| inake pitA kA nAma mAyAcanda thaa| ye pahile dausA meM rahate the phira vahAM se DIga jAkara rahane lge| saMvat 1824 meM dausA meM rahate huye hI inhoMne zAMtinAtha carita kI racanA samApta kii| isake pazcAt saMvat 1850 meM inhoMne DIga meM rahate huye mallinAtha carita kI racanA samApta kii| usa samaya vahAM mahArAjA raNajItasiMha kA zAsana thA / prastuta racanA kI mUla pANDulipi kAmAM ke digambara jaina mandira meM surakSita hai|

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111 sevArAma kucha samaya taka jayapura meM bhI rhe| lekina paM. ToDaramalajI kI mRtyu ke pazcAta inhoMne jayapura chor3a diyA tathA DIga evaM mAlavA Adi meM cale gaye / pATanIjI svabhAva se bhI sAhityika the| (34) brahma candrasAgaraH ye rAjasthAnI jaina saMta the tathA sojata nagara inakA pramukha sAhityika kendra thaa| ye bhaTTAraka rAmasaina ke anvaya meM hone vAle bha. surendrakIrti ke praziSya evaM sakalakIrti ke ziSya the| sojata nagara meM rahate haye hI inhoMne saMvat 1823 meM zrIpAla carita kI racanA samApta kI thii| kAvya kI bhASA evaM zailI donoM hI uttama hai tathA vaha vividha chandoM meM nibaddha kI gayI hai| brahmacandrasAgara kI eka aura racanA paMca parameSThi stuti prApta hotI hai| kavi ne use bhI sojata nagara meM hI sampUrNa kI thii| (35) bakhtarAma sAhaH kavivara bakhtarAma sAha itihAsa, siddhAMta evaM darzana ke mahAn vidvAn the| ye bhaTTArakIya paramparA ke paNDita the| inhoMne mithyAtvakhaNDana likha kara bhaTTAraka paramparA kA khulA samarthana kiyaa| jayapura nagara ke lazkara kA digambara jana mandira inakA sAhityika kendra thaa| 'buddhivilAsa' inakI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai jisakA itihAsa se pUrNa saMbaMdha hai / kavi ne isameM tatkAlIna samAja, rAjavyavasthA evaM jayapura nagara nirmANa prAdi kA acchA varNana kiyA hai yaha unakI saMvat 1827 kI kRti hai| bakhtarAma cAkasU ke nivAsI the| inake pitA kA nAma premarAja sAha thA jo vahIM rahate the| lekina kucha samaya pazcAt kavi jayapura Akara rahane lge| mithyAtvakhaNDana nATaka meM kavi ne apanA paricaya nimna prakAra diyA hai : Adi cATasU nagara ke, vAsI tini ko jAni / hAla savAI jai nagara, mAMhi vase haiM pAni / tahAM lasakarI dehare, rAjata zrI prabhu nema / jinako darasaNa karata hI, upajata hai ati prema // kavi ne apane buddhivilAsa meM mahApaNDita ToDaramalajI kI mRtyu ke saMbaMdha meM jo prakAza DAlA hai vaha atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai| (36) mannA sAha:-- mannA sAha 17vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn the| rAjasthAna ke ye kisa pradeza ko suzobhita karate the isakA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| abhI taka inakI do kRtiyAM mAna bAvanI evaM laghu bAvanI upalabdha haI haiN| donoM hI apane DhaMga kI acchI racanAyeM haiN| kavi kA dUsarA nAma manohara bhI milatA hai| (37) DAlarAma: ye 19vIM zatAbdI ke kavi the| inakI gurupadeza zrAvakAcAra, caturdazI kathA tathA samyakatva prakAza prasiddha racanAyeM haiN| ina racanAoM ke atirikta inhoMne pUjA sAhitya bhI khUba likhA hai| jo rAjasthAna ke vibhinna bhaMDAroM meM saMgrahIta hai|

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215 ukta santa kaviyoM ke atirikta bhaTTAraka zubhacandra! (dvitIya) bha. narendrakIti, ma. surendrakIti, bra. guNakIrti, prAcArya jinasaina, brahma dharmaruci', prAcArya sumatisAgara, saMyamasAgara, tribhuvanakIrti, brahma ajita10, ma. mahIcandra 1], muni rAjacandra 12, vidyAsAgara, ma. ratnacandra (dvitIya), vidyAbhUSaNa, jJAnakIrti Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| ina vidvAnoM ne rAjasthAnI bhASA meM vividha kRtiyAM likha kara jana-jana meM svAdhyAya ke prati ruci paidA kii| rAjasthAna ke jaina santa vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR. 161 vahI, pR. 165 vahI, pR. 164 vahI, pR. 186 vahI, pR. 187 vahI, pR. 188 vahI, pR. 191 8. vahI, pR. 193 9. vahI, pR. 193 vahI, pR. 195 vahI, pR. 198 12. vahI, pR. 207

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rAjasthAnI padya sAhityakAra 6 (vikrama kI 18vIM zatAbdI se 20vIM zatAbdI taka) lekhaka-DA. gaMgArAma garga -:00: pazcimI rAjasthAna kI apekSA pUrvI rAjasthAna meM digambara jaina samAja kA bAhulya rhaa| rAjasthAna ke DhuMDhADa tathA hADautI kSetroM meM sAmantoM aura zreSThijanoM kI preraNAnoM se aneka jaina utsavoM kA Ayojana tathA jinAlayoM kA nirmANa huaa| isase jaina sAhitya ke sRjana ko baDI preraNA milii| pUrvI rAjasthAna ke braja ke sannikaTa hone tathA AgarA ke prasaddhi kavi banArasIdAsa, bhUdharadAsa, dyAnatarAya ke prabhAva ke kAraNa rAjasthAna ke digambara jaina kaviyoM kI bhASA bhI brajabhASA ke prabhAva se pUrNataH vaMcita na raha skii| tathApi jaina sAhitya meM loka-bhASA ko prAthamikatA diye jAne ke kAraNa rAjasthAnI kI pramukha zAkhA DhUMDhADI bhASA hI ina kaviyoM kI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama rahI hai aAlocya kAla meM kaviyoM ne jina tIrtha karoM aura viziSTa paurANika pAtroM ke viSaya meM apane mahAkAvya aura khaNDakAvya likhe haiM, ve pAtra haiM--tIrthaMkara, RSabhadeva, tIrthaMkara neminAtha, tIrthakara zAMtinAtha, dhanya kumAra, jIvandhara, zrIpAla, yazodhara, jambUsvAmI, zreNika, bhadrabAha paadi| ye prabandha kAvya adhikAMzataH prAkRta aura apabhraMza ke caritra graMthoM ke AdhAra para hI likhe gaye haiN| phira bhI unameM yatra-tatra mUla bhAva kA sA hI kAvyAnanda prApta hotA hai| jaina prabandhakAroM meM caritna graMthoM kA padyAnuvAda karate samaya unake mUla chandoM ke eka-eka zabda kA artha grahaNa karane kI apekSA unakA samagrabhAva grahaNa kara abhivyaMjita karane kI pravRti adhika rahI hai| jaina purANoM ke caritroM meM bhASA ke kathya evaM pratipAdya meM yatkiJcita parivartana na karane kI pravRtti meM bhASA kaviyoM kI dhArmika bhAvanA hI pradhAna rahI hai| brahma rAyamalla, prAcArya nemicanda jaise eka do kavi avazya aise the, jinhoMne jaina purANoM ke kathya ko kucha adhika maulika DhaMga se pratipAdita karake zreSTha prabandha kavi kI kSamatA ko niHsaMkoca prakaTa kiyA hai| 18vIM zatAbdI ke pramukha kavi namicanda kA 'prItaMkara moSigAmi caupaI' 829 dohA: caupAiyoM meM likhA hA eka zreSTha evaM maulika caritra graMtha hai| isa grantha kI racanA baiza zuklA 11 saMvat 1771 meM huii| graMtha ke prArambha meM paMca parameSTi va gaNadharoM ko praNAma karate haye kavi ne zreNika ke praznottara ke rUpa meM prItaMkara kI kathA gautama muni dvArA kahalavAI hai| kucha hI prabandha kAvyoM kI apekSA jaina kaviyoM ne phuTakara racanAyeM adhika likhI haiM / muktaka racanAoM meM dohA, savaiyA, chaMda apekSAkRta kama aura pada adhika haiM / dohA-paraka muktaka racanAoM meM pAlocya kAla kI pramukha racanAyeM hemarAja kA dohA zataka, daulatarAma kA viveka vilAsa, navala kI dohA paccIsI tathA budhajana racita budhajana satasaI haiN| dohA-paraka racanAoM meM jaina kaviyoM ne jaina darzana tathA bhakti bhAva kA yatkicita pratipAdana karate huye nIti kA vizleSaNa adhika kiyA hai| jaina dohoM meM ahiMsA, mAMsa-bhakSaNa, paradhana-prApti, parastrI gamana, nArI nindA, ahaMkAra vacana, krodha, dayA Adi vibhinna naitika viSayoM para apane vicAra prakaTa kiye haiN| budhajana satasaI mAlocya kAla.kA hI nahIM, samUce hindI jaina kAvya kA pratinidhi dohA kAvya hai|

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117 kavivara budhajana ne vibhinna viSayoM para kahI gaI sUktiyoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai, devAnurAgazataka, subhASita nIti tathA updeshaadhikaar| DhaMDhADa ke jaina kaviyoM meM jodharAja aura pArzvadAsa ke savaiyA bar3e manohArI haiN| savaiyA kA prayoga darabArI kaviyoM ne zrRMgAra rasa tathA saMta kaviyoM ne adhyAtma aura nIti ke varNana ke liye kiyA hai| saMta sundaradAsa kI taraha AtmA va tatva ke vivecana, saMsAra kI nazvaratA va bhayAvahatA ke citraNa evaM dayA, ahiMsA, tyAga Adi nIti tatvoM ke pratipAdana ke liye jaina kaviyoM ne savaiye likhe haiN| isa dRSTi se jodharAja kI do kRtiyAM jJAna samudra aura dharmasarovara ullekhanIya haiN| donoM kRtiyoM kI chaMda saMkhyA kramaza: 147 aura 387 hai| pada sAhitya: vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM se samanvita geya padoM kI racanA kA prArambha siddha aura nAthoM dvArA navIM dasavIM zatAbdI meM hI kara diyA gayA thA, kintu inakI pragatizIla paramparA solahavIM zatAbdI bAda saMta aura vaiSNava bhaktoM ke kAvya meM upalabdha hotI hai| jaina sAhitya meM pada racanA kA prArambha to vaiSNava bhaktoM se kucha pahale humA kintu usakA paramparAbaddha vikAsa aura prasAra vaiSNava pada sAhitya ke kucha bAda ho| 18voM aura 19vIM zatAbdI meM AgarA aura jayapura meM vipula pada sAhitya likhA gyaa| prAgarA ke pramukha pada racayitA the banArasIdAsa, bhUdharadAsa, bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa, dyAnatarAya, jagatarAya aura jgjiivn| jayapura meM vipula saMkhyA meM pada racanA karane vAle kaviyoM meM navala, budhajana, mANikacanda, udayacanda, nayanacanda, ratnacanda aura pArvadAsa Adi haiM / ukta pramukha kaviyoM ke atirikta aise phuTakara kavi to aneka haiM jinake thoDe thoDe pada hI abhI taka jAnakArI meM pA sake haiN| DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ke anusAra yadi ina jaina kaviyoM ke padoM kI gaNanA kI jAye to yaha saMbhavata: dasa hajAra se kama na hogii| jaina pada sAhitya ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai, bhaktiparaka, adhyAtmaparaka, virahaparaka evaM nItiparaka / bhaktiparaka padoM meM tIrthaMkaroM kA guNagAna, svadoSAnubhUti, ananyatA prAdi bhakti tatva vidyamAna haiN| bhaktiparaka pada sAhitya meM navadhA bhakti, prapattivAda, daza AsaktiyAM Adi tatvoM ke sAtha-sAtha jainAcAyoM dvArA pratipAdita dazadhA bhakti kA vivecana jaina bhaktoM kI samanvaya bhAvanA kA pratIka hai| adhyAtmaparaka pada sAhitya meM jaina tatvoM, AtmA, pudgala, paramAtmA, mokSa Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| virahaparaka pada sAhitya meM rAjula neminAtha prasaMga ko lekara likhA gayA hai| ahiMsA, satya, mana kI pavitratA, tyAga, dAna, dayA Adi nIti tatva nItiparaka pada sAhitya meM abhivyaMjita huye haiN| prAtmAbhivyaMjana anubhUti kI pUrNatA, bhAvoM kA aikya tathA mAdhuryapUrNa bhASA gItikAvya ke sabhI tatva jaina pada sAhitya meM vidyamAna haiN| pAlocyakAla meM prabandha aura muktaka kAvyoM kI racanA karane vAle pramukha kavi isa prakAra haiM:1. jodharAja godIkA:-- jodharAja godIkA sAMgAnera nivAsI amaracanda godIkA ke putra the| jodharAja ke nAnA dharamadAsa aura mAmA kalyANa dAsa ke pAsa lAkhoM kI sampatti thA / dUra-dUra taka unakA vyApAra phailA huA thaa| aise dhanasampanna parivAra meM janma lene para bhI bacapana se hI jodharAja ke hRdaya meM dharma kI lagana thii| jodharAja ne paM. harinAtha mizra ko apanA mitra banAkara unakI saMgati se zAstrajJAna upalabdha kiyA tathA unase apane par3hane ke liye kaI hastalikhita granthoM kI pratilipiyAM krvaaii| jodharAja godIkA ke grantha isa prakAra haiM: 1. samyakta kaumudI bhASA (1724), 2. pravacanasAra bhASA

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8. kathAkoSabhASA 4. prItaMkara caritra bhASA 5. jJAna samudra (1722) 6. dharma sarovara (1724) jodharAja ke prathama cAra grantha padyAnuvAda tathA antima do kRtiyAM maulika haiM / jJAna samudra aura dharma sarovara donoM hI nIti pradhAna grantha haiM / 2. hemarAja:--- inakA AvirbhAva DhUMDhADa pradeza ke sAMgAnera gAMva meM huA / hemarAja pANDe rUpacanda ke ziSya the / apane jIvana ke AkhirI dinoM meM hemarAja kAmAM cale ge| kAmAM meM usa samaya kIrtisiMha rAjya karate the / hemarAja kA eka maulika grantha dohA zataka hai / dohA zataka kI samApti kavi ne saMvat 1725 meM kI thii| isa meM nIti saMbaMdhI lagabhaga sau dohe haiM / hemarAja ne AgarAvAsI pANDe hemarAja ke gadyagrantha pravacanasAra kA bhI padyAnuvAda kiyA hai| 3. nemicanda:-- nemicanda grAmera meM sthApita mUlasaMgha ke zAradA gaccha ke bhaTTAraka surendrakIrti ke praziSya devendrakI ( jagatakIrti ke ziSya) ke anuyAyI the / yaha khaNDelavAla jAti ke seThI gotra ke zrAvaka the / nemicanda apanI AjIvikA upArjana ke atirikta zeSa samaya ko kAvya racanA meM lagAyA karate the / nemicanda ke choTe bhAI kA nAma jhagaDU thA / inake pramukha ziSya do the / DUMgarasI aura rUpacanda | jaina mandira nivAI (ToMka) ke do guTakoM meM prApta inakI nimnalikhita racanAyeM haiM : 1. prItaMkara caupaI (1771 ) 2. nemisura rAjamatI kI lahari 3. cetana hari 4. 5. 6. 218 7. hai / chaMda haiN| yA hai / jIva lUhari sodhana hari visAlakIrti ko dehuro jakhaDI kaDakho 8. 9. zrAsika ko gIta 10. nemisura ko gIta 11. pada saMgraha nemicanda kI prathama racanA eka maulika khaNDakAvya tathA anya racanAyeM geya racanAyeM haiM / nemicanda ke gIta bhAvapUrNa tathA marmasparzI haiM / DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ne nemicanda kI eka mahatvapUrNa kRti nemizvara rAsa kI khoja isa grantha kI racanA saMvat 1769 meM huI / isa rAsa meM 36 adhikAra aura 1308 grantha kI mahatvapUrNa vizeSatA yaha bhI hai ki isameM gadya aura padya donoM ko hI apanAyA

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31. 4. brahma nAthU: brahmacArI nAthU kA sAdhanA sthala vartamAna TauMka jile meM sthita 'nagara' grAma kA jaina mandira thaa| ToMka jile ke pramukha jaina mandiroM ke zAstra bhaNDAroM kI khoja karate samaya brahma nAya kI nimnalikhita racanAyeM prApta huI haiM: nemIzvara rAjamatI ko nyAhulo (1728) 2. nemajI kI lUhari 3. jinagIta 4. DorI kA gIta 3. dAI gIta 8. rAga malAra, soraTha, mAru, dhanAzrI ke gIta madhura gItakara nAthU brahma kI ukta racanAoM meM nemizvara rAjamatI ko byAhulo eka bar3I racanA hai| isameM 'taladI, nikAsI, sindUrI, vindrAvanI kI DhAloM meM neminAtha aura rAjamatI ke samasta vivAha prasaMga kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ubaTana, dUlaha kA zrRMgAra, bArAta kI nikAsI, sabhI lokAcAra ke varNana meM kavi ne baDI ruci lI hai| 5. sevaka: kavi lohaTa dvArA sevaka ko apanA guru likhe jAne ke kAraNa spaSTa hai ki sevaka kAmAvirbhAva aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM huaa| sevaka kI do racanAyeM tathA 50 se adhika pada haiN| inakI prathama racanA 'neminAtha jI kA dasa bhava varNana' caudhariyAna mandira ToMka meM prApta guTakA naM. 102 ba meM saMgrahIta hai| isa racanA meM neminAtha aura rAjamatI ke dasa janmoM ke ananya sambandha ko dikhalAyA gayA hai| sevaka kI dUsarI racanA 'caubIsa jina stuti' jaina mandira nivAI (ToMka) ke eka guTake meM pRSTha 124-26 para saMgrahIta hai| isameM 30 chaMda haiN| sevaka ke pada jayapura ke chAbaDoM ke mandira aura teraha paMthI mandira meM kramazaH guTakA na.47 aura pada sagraha na. 946 meM prApta huye haiN| lohaTa:-- bagheravAla jAti meM utpanna kavi lohaTa ke pitA kA nAma dharma tathA bar3e bhAiyoM kA nAma hIMga aura sundara thaa| lohaTa pahale sAMbhara aura bAda meM bUMdI meM rahane lge| abhI taka inakI kevala do racanAyeM ToMka ke jaina mandiroM meM milI haiN| lohaTa kI prathama racanA 'aDhAI ko rAso' kA racanAkAla saMvat 1736 hai| isameM 22 chaMdoM meM mainAsundarI aura zrIpAla kI kathA kahI gaI hai| kavi kI dUsarI racanA cauDhAliyo saMvat 1784 meM likhI gii| isameM 4 DhAloM meM 50 chaMda haiN| grantha kA viSaya jaina prAcAra aura nIti hai| DA. narendra bhAnAvata ne apane zodha prabandha 'rAjasthAnI velI sAhitya' meM saM. 1735 meM racita inakI SaTalezyA beli kA paricaya diyA hai| isake atirikta kavi kI yazodharacarita (1725), pArzvanAtha jayamAlA prAdi racanAyeM aura milatI haiN| 7. prajayarAja pATaNI:-- inakA janma sAMgAnera meM hyaa| inake pitA kA nAma manasukha rAma athavA manIrAma thaa| inhoMne bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti ke ziSya mahendrakIti se jJAna grahaNa kiyA aura adhikatara mAmera rahane lge| ajayarAja hindI tathA saMskRta ke acche jJAtA the| inakI 20 racanAyeM milatI hai|

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120 1. prAdi purANa bhASA (1797) 2. neminAtha caritra bhASA (1735) kakkA battIsI carakhA caupaI 5. cAra mitroM kI kathA 6. caubIsa tIrthakara pUjA 7. caubIsa tIrthaMkara stuti 8. jina gIta 9. jina jI kI rasoI 0. NamokAra sidi 11. nandIzvara pUjA 12. paMcameru pUjA 13. pArzvanAtha jI kA sAlehA 14. bAlya varNana 15. bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI jayamAla 16. yazodhara caupaI 17. vaMdanA 18. zAntinAtha jayamAla 19. zivaramaNI vivAha 20. vinatI ukta racanAoM meM kAvyatva kI daSTi se zivaramaNI vivAha aura carakhA caupaI zreSTha racanAyeM haiN| donoM hI rUpaka kAvya haiN| 17 padyoM ke graMtha zivaramaNI vivAha meM tIrtha kara rUpI dalhA bhavya janoM kI bArAta ke sAtha paMcama gati rUpI sasurAla meM pahaMca kara bhaktirUpI zivaramaNI se vivAha karate haiN| taduparAnta vara-vadhu jJAna sarovara meM milakara tRpta ho jAte haiN| carakhA caupaI ke 12 padyoM meM kavi ne eka aisA carakhA calAne kA upadeza diyA hai jisameM khUTe zIla aura saMyama, tADiyAM zabha dhyAna, pAyA zakla dhyAna, dAmana saMvara, mAla dazadharma, hAthalI cAra dAna, tAka Atma sAra, sUta samyakatva aura kUkaDI 12 vrata haiN| jina jI kI rasoI bhI eka sundara racanA hai| isameM jina ko mAtA dvArA parose gaye nAnA prakAra kI miThAI, pakavAnna aura phaloM kI carcA karate haye vAtsalya bhAva kA pratipAdana hai| 8. khuzAlacandra kAlA: kAlA gotrIya khuzAlacandra ke pitA kA nAma sundaradAsa tathA mAtA kA nAma sujAnade thaa| khuzAlacandra kI prArambhika zikSA unake janmasthAna jayasiMhapurA (jihAnAbAda) meM huii| kAlAntara meM bhaTTAraka devendra kIrti ke sAtha sAMgAnera A gye| yahAM lakSmIdAsa cAMdavADa se kavi ne zAstrajJAna prApta kiyA aura phira vApisa jayasiMhapurA cale gye| kha zAlacandra ne apanI adhikAMza racanAyeM yahIM likhii| racanAyeM jaina purANoM ke AdhAra para likhI gaI haiM: 1. harivaMza purANa (1780) 2. yazodhara caritra 3. padmapurANa vratakathA koSa ( 5. jambUsvAmI carita 6. uttarapurANa (1799) 7. sadbhASitAvalI

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8. 9. varddhamAna purANa dhanyakumAra carita 221 10. zAntinAtha purANa 11. caubIsa mahArAja pUjA ukta sabhI racanAyeM bhASA evaM kAvya kalA kI dRSTi se acchI racanAyeM haiM / 9. kizanasiMha: kizanasiMha ke pitA mathurAdAsa pATanI alIgar3ha rAmapurA jilA ToMka ke labdhapratiSTha vyakti the / inhoMne alIgar3ha (rAmapurA) meM eka vizAla jina mandira kA nirmANa karAyaH / kizanasiMha ke choTe bhAI kA nAma zrAnandasiMha thA / kizanasiMha kA sAdhanA sthala sAMgAnera rhaa| unhoMne nimnAMkita racanAyeM kIH -- 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1. NamokAra rAsa (1760 ) 2. caubIsa daNDaka (1764) 3. 4. puNyAsrava kathA koSa ( 1773) bhadrabAhu caritra (1783) pana kriyA koSa ( 1784 ) 5. 6. labdhi vidhAna kathA (1782) nirvANa kANDa bhASA (1783) caturviMzati stuti cetana gIta cetana lorI padasaMgraha 10. devA brahma: -- inakA zrAvirbhAva 18vIM zatAbdI meM huA / inakA janmasthAna saMbhavata: jayapura hI thaa| bar3A terahapaMthI mandira jayapura meM pada saMgraha 946 meM devA brahma ke lagabhaga 72 pada saMgrahIta hai / jinendra ke caraNoM meM devA brahma kA bhaktibhAva bejoDa hai / 11. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ( saMvat 1749-1829 ) jaina sAhitya meM daulatarAma nAmaka tIna kavi huye haiM / eka to pallIvAla- jAtIya AgarA ke rahane vAle tathA dUsare bUMdI ke / tIsare daulatarAma DhUMDhADa pradeza ke basavA grAma ke nivAsI zrAnandarAma ke putra the / inakA janma ASAr3ha kI 14, saMvat 1749 ko huA / daulatarAma kre ajIta dAsa, jodharAja, gulAbadAsa Adi chaH putra huye / daulatarAma kA jIvana kAla basavA, jayapura, udayapura aura AgarA Adi cAra sthAnoM para adhika vyatIta huaa| daulatarAma kI sAhityika ruci ko baDhAne meM AgarAvAsI vidvAn banArasIdAsa, bhUdharadAsa aura RSabhadAsa ke samparka kA bar3A yoga rahA hai / daulatarAma kAsalIvAla jayapura rAjya ke mahatvapUrNa pada ko saMbhAlate hue bhI adhyAtma pravacana, jinapUjA, zAstracarcA, gadyalekhana aura kAvyasUjana meM baDI ruci rakhate the / inakI rAjasthAnI gadya-padya meM likhI huI 18 kRtiyAM prApta ho

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cukI haiM jinameM 8 padya racanAyeM, 7 gadya racanAyeM evaM 3 rekhA TIkAparaka racanAyeM haiN| inakI kAvya racanAyeM haiM: 2. 1. jIvaMdhara carita (1805) vaipana kriyA koSa (1795) adhyAtma bAraha khaDI viveka vilAsa 5. zreNika carita (1782) 6. zrIpAla carita (1822) caubIsa daNDaka bhASA 8. siddha pUjASTaka 9. sAra caubIsI daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ke ukta carita evaM adhyAtma sambandhI granthoM kA prAdhAra prAcIna prANa evaM jaina zAstra hai| DA. kasturacanda kAsalIvAla ne apanI kRti 'mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla vyaktitva aura kRtitva' meM kavi kA mAMgopAMga adhyayana prastuta karate hue prAcAryatva, kAvyatva tathA vacanikA ke kSetra meM daulatarAma kI apratima garimA ko pratiSThApita kiyA hai| DA. kAsalIvAla ne kavi kI 'viveka vilAsa' kI vizeSa prazaMsA karate hae use kAvya pratibhA kA sampUrNa nidarzana kahA hai| 12. sAhibarAmaH-- sAhibarAma kI jIvanI ke viSaya meM koI jAnakArI nahIM milatI hai| jayapUra ke jaina mandiroM meM inakI racanAoM kI prApti tathA bhASA kI dRSTi se sAhibarAma DhaDhADa ke hI pratIta hote haiN| inake padoM kI saMkhyA 60 hai| 13. navala:-- yaha basavA ke rahane vAle the| inakA sambhAvita jIvanakAla saMvata 1790-1855 taka batalAyA jAtA hai| daulatarAma kAsalIvAla se inakA ghaniSTha sambandha thaa| inhIM kI preraNA se inakI ruci sAhitya meM hii| badhIcanda mandira jayapura ke guTakA naM. 1087 tathA pada saMgraha naM. 492 meM navala ke 222 pada milate haiN| navala kI 'dohA paccIsI' nAmaka eka choTI sI racanA bIsapaMthI mandira purAnI TauMka ke granthAMka 102 ba ke pRSTha 6 para aMkita hai| navala kA eka carita grantha vardhamAna purANa bhI batalAyA jAtA hai| 14. nayanacandra: jayapUra ke sabhI prasiddha mandiroM bAbA dulIcanda bhaNDAra, Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, badhIcanda bhaNDAra meM lagabhaga 246 pada naina athavA nainasukha kI chApa se milate haiN| unako abhI taka prasiddha vidvAn gommaTasAra trilokasAra jaise jaTila zAstroM ke TIkAkAra jayacanda chAbaDA kI racanA mAnA jAtA hai| pRSTa pramANoM ke abhAva meM 'naina' chApa ke padoM ko jayacanda chAbaDA ke pada mAna lenA sarvathA saMdigdha hai| carita granthoM ko prazasti meM to kavi apanA paricaya likha detA hai, koI carita grantha likhane ke abhAva meM nayanacanda hameM apane paricaya se avagata nahIM karA ske| ata: nayanacanda nAmaka kisI bhakta kavi ke hone kI sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai|

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8. 15. budhajana:-- inakA janma jayapura zahara meM nihAlacandra baja ke yahA~ huaa| budhajana kA dUsarA nAma bhadIcandra thaa| inake pAMca bhAI aura the| inake guru paM. mAMgIlAla jI the| bacapana se hI jaina dharma aura zAstroM meM adhika ruci lene ke kAraNa baDe hone para budhajana bahuta vidvAn ho ge| gahana pANDitya ke atirikta zakA samAdhAna kI bhI inameM adabhata kSamatA thii| badhajana dIvAna amara canda ke yahAM munIma kA kAma karate the| inakA banavAyA huaA bhadIcanda mandira jayapura ke prasiddha jaina mandiroM meM se hai| budhajana ke nimnalikhita graMtha upalabdha haiM :-- 1. budhajana satasaI 2. tatvArtha bodha bhaktAmara stotrotpatti kathA saMbodha akSara bAvanI yogasAra bhASA paMcAstikAya bhASA paMca kalyANaka pUjA mRtyu mahotsava chahaDhAlA 10. iSTa chattIsI 11. varddhamAna purANa sUcanikA 12. darzanapaccIsI 13. bAraha bhAvanA pUjana 14. pada saMgraha 16. mANikacaMdaH-- mANikacaMda bhAMvasA gotrIya khaMDelavAla jaina the| bAbA dulIcaMda bhaMDAra jayapura ke pada saMgraha naM. 428 meM inake 183 pada prApta hue haiM, jo bhakti aura viraha ke haiN| 17. udayacanda:-- yaha jayapura nagara athavA isake Asa-pAsa ke hI rahane vAle the| udayacanda luhADiyA gotrIya khaNDelavAla jaina the| inakA racanAkAla saMvata 1890 batalAyA jAtA hai| abhI taka udayacanda ke lagabhaga 94 pada prApta huye haiN| prApta padoM meM pArAdhya kA mahimAgAna tathA kavi kA bhavaguNa nivedana adhika hai| 18. pAvadAsa: pArzvadAsa jayapura nivAsI RSabhadAsa nigotyA ke putra the| pAzvaMdAsa ke do bar3e bhAI mAnacanda aura daulatarAma the| pArzvadAsa ko prArambhika zikSA apane pitA se milii| zAstrapaThana aura paramArtha tatva kI ora inakA jhakAna paM. sadAsukhadAsa ke samparka se hmaa| pArva. dAsa kA sAdhanA sthala zAntinAtha jI kA baDA mandira jayapura thaa| vahAM inake pravacana ko sanane ke liye kAphI jaina samadAya ekatra hotA thaa| pAvadAsa ke ziSyoM meM bakhtAvara kAsalIvAla pramukha the| use hI ye apanA putra aura mitra samajhate the| pArzvadAsa apane jIvana ke antima varSoM meM ajamera rahane laga gaye the| vahAM sara seTha mUlacanda sonI ke sAnnidhya meM vaizAkha sadi saMvat 1936 ko inhoMne samAdhi maraNa liyaa| pAvadAsa kA eka gadya grantha 'jJAna sUryodaya nATaka kI vacanikA' tathA samasta kAvyaracanAyeM 'pArasa-vilAsa' meM saMgrahIta haiN| laghu granthoM kI apekSA kavivara pAvadAsa kI kAvya. pratimA kA pUrNa nidarzana unake padoM meM adhika hai| 43 rAga-rAginiyoM meM likhita 425 padoM

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meM adhyAtma, bhakti, viraha tathA nIti Adi vibhinna viSayaka haiM / pArzvadAsa ke pada vibhinna pratilipiyoM ke pATha sampAdana ke AdhAra para pArzvadAsa padAvalI ke rUpa meM digambara jaina samAja amIragaMja, TauMka dvArA prakAzita karavAye jA cuke haiM / 19. ghetasI sAhaH 824 inhoMne nemajI kI lU hari likhI / isa racanA meM rAjamati ke bAraha mahInoM ke viyoga kA varNana hai / yaha racanA terahRpaMthI mandira, TauMka ke granthAMka 50 ba meM saMgrahIta hai / 20. petasI bilAlA: inakI 'sIla jakhaDI' meM nArI nindA kI gaI hai / naM. 50 ke pRSTha 195 para aMkita hai / 21. DAlUrAmaH - yaha savAI mAdhopura ke agravAla zrAvaka the / inhoMne kucha pUjAoM ke atirikta saMvat 1895 meM 'paMca parameSThIguNa stavana' likhI / 22. nandarAmaH -- 23. rAmadAsa:--- yaha racanA terahapaMthI mandira ke guTakA yaha bakhata rA ke putra the 1 inake pada terahapaMthI mandira, ToMka meM granthAMka 50 meM pRSTha 208-213 para mila haiM / terahapaMthI mandira, ToMka ke granthAMka 100 ba ke pRSTha 120-122 para inakI racanA 'vinatI' saMgrahIta hai / 25. rAmacandraH- 24. mUlakacandaH terahapaMthI mandira TauMka ke granthAMka 100 ba ke pRSTha 146-148 para inakI racanA 'vinatI' aMkita hai / saMvat 1957 meM paMDita zivadatta dvArA likhI gaI inakI eka racanA 'caubIsa tIrthaMkara pUjA' jaina mandira nivAI meM prApta hai / rAma upanAma se milane vAle inake kucha pada digambara jaina zodha saMsthAna, jayapura meM saMgrahIta haiM / 26. bhavilAla : saMvat 1958 meM likhI 'chaMdabaddha samava zaraNa pUjA' jaina mandira nivAI meM upalabdha hai /

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225 27. svarUpacanda muni: saMvat 1910 meM likhI gaI eka racanA cauMsaTha Rddhi vidhAna pUjA jaina mandira nivAI meM prApta hai| 28. savAIrAmaH-- inakI eka racanA 'jagataguru kI vInatI' caudhariyAna mandira TauMka ke granthAMka 102 va ke pRSTha 67 para aMkita hai / 29. suganacanda:-- yaha jIvarAja baDajAtyA ke putra the| inakI mAtA gaMgA aura bhAI maganalAla, sajJAna. bakhtAvara aura harasUkha the| yaha apane pitA ke majhale putra the| inheM chaMda aura vyAkaraNa kA acchA jJAna thaa| inhoMne jinabhakti kI preraNA se 'rAmapurANa' grantha kI racanA kii| 30. canda:-- canda nAma se do racanAyeM coIsa tIrthAkarAM kI vInatI tathA cauIsa tIrthAkarAM kI samaccaya vInatI, terahapaMthI mandira TauMka ke gaTakA nambara 100 ba meM pRSTha 102-121 para saMgrahIta hai| 31. dIpacanda zAhaH-- inakI pramakha racanA 'jJAna darpaNa' jaina mandira nivAI meM grantha saMkhyA 33 para upalabdha hai| isameM kavi ne dohA, kavitta, savaiyA, aDilla , chappaya Adi 196 chandoM meM adhyAtma kI carcA kI hai| dIpa upanAma se 12 dohe aura kucha pada terahapaMthI mandira TauMka ke gaTakA naM. 50 ba meM saMgrahIta haiN| 32. mahendrakItiH-- yaha sAMgAnera rahate the| inakI eka racanA 'dhamAli' terahapaMthI mandira TaoNka gaTakA naM. 50ba meM saMgrahIta hai| 33. vizvabhUSaNa inakI do racanAyeM zrI guru jogI svarUpa gIta aura munIzvarAM kI bInatI, tarahapaMthI mandira TauMka ke gaTakA naM. 50 ba meM saMgrahIta hai| inake kucha pada bhI digambara jaina zodha saMsthAna jayapUra meM upalabdha haiN| ukta vivecana ke AdhAra para spaSTa hai ki 18-20 vIM zatAbdI ke madhya pariniSThita rAjasthAnI tathA DhaMDhADI (rAjasthAnI tathA braja bhASA kA sammilita rUpa ) meM aneka kaviyoM dvArA vizAla sAhitya kA sRjana huaa| samRddha sAhitya bhaNDAroM meM khoje jAne para kaI ajJAta kavi tathA jJAta kaviyoM kI ajJAta racanAeM upalabdha ho sakatI haiN| rAjasthAnI tathA hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM pAlocya kAla ke kaI pramukha kaviyoM, bhaTTAraka nemicandra, brahma nAtha, daulatarAma navala, budhajana, pAvadAsa kA ucita pratinidhitva nitAnta prAyojita evaM nyAya saMgata hai|

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rAjasthAnI jaina gadya kI paramparA 7. -agaracanda nAhaTA yaha to nizcita hai ki apabhraMza meM padya racanAoM kI jo dhArA bahI vaha gadya meM nahIM dikhAyI detI aura apabhraMza se hI rAjasthAnI bhASA vikasita huI isalie prArambhika rAjasthAnI meM gadya bahuta hI kama milatA hai| rAjasthAnI meM kAvyoM kI paramparA to 11 vIM se 14 vIM taka meM khaba vikasita ho cukI para isa samaya kA rAjasthAnI gadya prAyaH nahIM miltaa| yadyapi kucha racanAyeM likhI avazya gaI para ve surakSita nahIM raha skii| kAraNa spaSTa hai ki padya meM jo laya-baddhatA aura kAvya-sauSThava pAyA jAtA hai usI ke kAraNa usako yAda rakhane meM adhika suvidhA hotI hai| gadya ko lambe samaya taka maukhika rUpa meM yAda rakhanA sambhava nahIM hotaa| gadya meM apane bhAvoM ko prakaTa karane kI suvidhA avazya rahatI hai isalie bolacAla meM to usakI pradhAnatA rahatI hai para sAhitya gadya meM prAyaH isIlie likhA jAtA rahA hai ki prAkRta, saMskRta grAdi bhASAnoM kI racanAoM ko jana sAdhAraNa samajha nahIM pAte isaliye TIkA, TabbA aura bAlAvabodha ke rUpa meM gadya kA vyavahAra adhika huA hai| maulika racanAyeM bahuta hI kama likhI gii| isIliye rAjasthAnI ke prAcIna gadya ko bhI hama adhikAMza bAlAvabodha TIkAoM ke rUpa meM prayakta pAte haiN| abhI taka 14vIM zatI ke pUrva kA gadya prAyaH nahIM milatA, gadya kA kacha aMza zilAlekhoM Adi meM milatA hai para usase bhASA kA svarUpa spaSTa nahIM ho paataa| prAcIna rAjasthAnI gadya kI maine khoja kI to mujhe muni jina vijaya jI ke pAsa eka prAcIna pratisI dekhane ko milI jisameM 12 vIM zatI ke suprasiddha vidvAn jainAcArya jinavallabhasUri jI kI prAkRta bhASA kI racanA kA saMkSipta artha likhA hayA thaa| mere khayAla se vaha 13vIM zatI meM kisI ne prAcAryazrI ke ukta grantha ko janasAdhAraNa ke bodhagamya banAne ke liye saMkSipta artha likha diyA hogaa| jaise paM. dAmodara racita kauzalI bolI kA 'ukti-vyakti prakaraNa' pATaNa ke jaina jJAna bhaNDAra se prApta karake munI jinavijaya jI ne saMpAdita aura prakAzita kiyA hai-vaise granthoM kI paramparA rAjasthAnI meM bhI raho hai jisase saMskRta ko sIkhane meM sugamatA ho| isa taraha kI eka racanA 'bAla-zikSA' saM. 1336 meM racita prApta hai aura vaha rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna jodhapura se prakAzita ho cukI hai| prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha' aura 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadya saMdarbha, grantha meM saM. 1330 kI likhI huI pArAdhanA, saM. 1358 kA navakAra vyAkhyAna, saM. 1359 kA sarvatIrtha namaskAra stavana aura sa. 1340 aura 1369 kA likhA humA maticAraye katipaya lagha pacanAyeM pakataI haiN| inameM jaina pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga adhika ubhA hai| prataH kevala gadya kI paramparA kA prakaTa karane ke liye hI unakA mahatva hai| usa samaya kI bhASA kI thoDI jhAMkI isase mila jAtI hai| saM. 1330 kI ArAdhanA kI prati tADapatrIya hai| prataH vaha isase purAnI prati kI nakala hone para 13 vIM zatAbdI kI racanA mAnI jA sakatI hai| isa racanA kA aMtima aMza nIce diyA jA rahA hai jisase prAcInatama rAjasthAnI gadya se pAThaka paricita ho sakeM - "matItu niMdau vartamAna saMvarahu anAgatu paccakhau / paMca parameSThi namaskAru jinasAsani sAru, caturdazapUrva samaddhAru, saMpAdita sakala kalyANa saMbhAru, vihita duritA-pahAru, kSadropadravaparvatavaca. praTAru. lIlAdAlatasaMsAru, sa tumhi anusaraha, jiNikAraNI caturdazapUrvadhara catardaza parvasambadhira dhyAna parityajiu paMca parameSThi namaskAru smarahi, tau tumhi vizaiSi smaraveu, anai paramezvari tIrthakaradevi isau artha bhaNiyau acchai, anaI saMsArataNaU pratibhau makarisau, anai ruddhi namaskAra bahanoki paraloki saMpAdiyai // mArAdhanA samApteti // "

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prAkRta ke satra yA gAthA kA vivecana rAjasthAnI gadya meM kiyA gayA usakA prAthamika namUnA saM. 13 58 meM likhe huye navakAra vyAkhyAna se yahAM uddhRta kiyA jA rahA hai : "namo arihaMtANaM // 1 // mAharau namaskAra arihaMta hau / kisA ji arihaMtu rAgadveSarUpiyA ari-vayarI jaihi haNiyA, athavA catuSaSThi iMdra saMbandhinI pUjA mahimA arihai; ji utpanna divya vimala kevalajJAna, caunIsa atizayi samanvita, aSTa mahAprAtihArya zobhAyamAna mahAvidehi kheni viharamAna tIha arihaMta bhagavaMta mAharau namaskAru hau / / 1 // " vratoM meM dUSaNa lagAne ko aticAra kahate haiN| zrAvaka pAkSika pratikramaNa Adi meM loka bhASA meM apane vratoM meM lage hue doSoM kI AlocanA karate haiN| usa aticAra saMjJaka racanA meM gadya kucha adhika spaSTa huA hai| isalie saM. 1369 kI likhI huI tADapatrIya prati kA kucha aMza nIce diyA jA rahA hai : "hiva dukRta garihA kru| ju praNAdi saMsAra mAMhi hIDataI hataI INi jIvi mithyAtvu pravartAviu / kutirtha saMsthApiu, kumArga prarUpiu, sanmArga avalapiu / hivu UpAji melhi sarIru kuTuMbuja pApi pravartiu, ji aghi gaNa halaU khala gharaTa gharaTI khAMDA kaTArI arahadra pAvaTA kupa talAba kIdhA karAvyAM, anumodyA te sarve trividhi trividhi vosirAvau / devasthAni dravi vevi pUjA mahimA prabhAvanA kI ghI, tIrthajAnA rathajAtrA kIghI, pUstaka likhAvyAM, sArdhAmaka-vAchalya kIdhAM, tapa nIyama devavaMdana vAMdaNAMI sajjhAI anerAi dharmAnuSThAna taNai viSai ju Ujamu kIdhau su amhArau saphalu ho / iti bhAvanApUrvaka anumodau / " ___ 14 vIM zatAbdI ke rAjasthAnI gadya ke kucha namane Upara diye gaye, ve sabhI choTI-choTI racanAmoM ke rUpa meM haiN| vAstava meM rAjasthAnI gadya kA sahI svarUpa 15 vIM zatAbdI se milane lagatA hai| kharataragaccha ke prAcArya taruNaprabhasUri ne 'SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha' nAmaka bAlAvabodha saMjJaka pahalI racanA saMvata 1411 meM pATaNa meM bnaaii| usameM prAsaMgika kathAeM bahata sI pAyI jAtI haiN| jinameM se kucha 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadya saMdarbha' meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| una kathAoM meM pravAhabaddha gadya kA svarUpa spaSTa huaA hai-- "1. zaMkA viSai udAharaNa yathA-nagari eki seThi eka taNA bi pUtra le sAla pddhiN| tIharahai Arogya buddhi vRddhi nimittu mAtA saprabhAva prosahI peyA ekAMta sthAni thikI kraavi| tIhaM mAhi eka rahaI makSikAdi zaMkA lagI mani sUga upji| mAnasa dukkhapUrvaka sarIra dukkha, iNi kAraNi teharahaI valgulI rogu Upanau, mUyau / 2. AkAMkSA viSai udAharaNu-rAjA anai mahAmAtyu be jaNA azvApahAraitau aTavI mAhi gyaa| bhUkhiyA hyaa| vaNaphala khaadhaa| nagari prAviyA / rAjA sUpakAra teDI karI kahai 'ji ke bhakSya-bhaida saMbhavaI ti sagalAi karau' supakAre kIdhA / " taruNaprabhasUri ne yadyapi yaha bAlAvabodha pATaNa meM racA hai para unakA vihAra rAjasthAna aura sindha pradeza taka meM hotA rahA hai| usa samaya prAMtIya bhASAoM meM itanA aMtara nahIM thaa| taruNaprabhasUri ko prAcArya pada 1388 meM milA thaa| ataH unakI racanA kI bhASA gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM tatkAlIna jana sAmAnya kI bhASA thii| isake bAda to bAlAvabodha zailI kA khUba vikAsa hA aura isase rAjasthAnI gadya ke namane bhI pratyeka zatAbdI ke pratyeka caraNa ke prApta haiN|

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228 15 vIM zatAbdI se tukAMta aura sAhityika gadya bhI pracura parimANa meM prApta hai / saM. 1478 meM 'pRthvIcandra caritra' mANikyacandrasUri ne gadya meM banAyA / usakA nAma hI isIlie 'vAgvilAsa' rakhA gayA hai ki usameM kathA to bahuta thor3I hai, varNana pracura hai / yahAM varSAkAla kA kucha varNana nIce diyA jA rahA hai "hiva te kumAra, car3I yauvana bhari parivarI parikari, krIDA karai navanavI pari / isiI zravasari prAviu prASADha, itara guNi saMbADa / kATaiyai loha, ghAma taNau niroha / chAsi ghATI, pANi vIyAi mATI / vistariu varSAkAla, je paMthI taNau kAla, nAThau dukAla / jINii varSAkAli madhuradhvani meha gAjara, durbhikSa taNA bhaya bhAjai, jANe subhikSa bhUpati prAvatAM jayaDhakkA vAjai / cihuM disI bIja jhalahalai, paMthI ghara bhaNI pulai / viparIta AkAza, caMdra sUrya pariyAsa / rAti aMdhArI, lavaiM timirI / uttaranaU UnayaNa, chAyau gayaNa / disi ghora, nAca mora / saghara, varasai dhArAdhara, pANI taNA pravAha SalahalaI, vADi Upari velA valaI / cIkhali cAlatA zakaTa skhalaI, loka taNAM mana dharmma Upari valaI / " aise varNanAtmaka aura tukAMta sAhityika gadya racanAoM kI eka paramparA rahI hai, jinameM se kucha racanAoM kA saMgraha maine apane 'sabhAzRMgAra' graMtha meM kiyA hai jo nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA se prakAzita ho cukA hai / isI taraha mere mitra DA. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA saMpAdita 'varNaka samuccaya' ke do bhAga baDodA se prakAzita hue haiM / merI jAnakArI meM itanA alaMkArika, sAhityika gadya itanA prAcIna anya kisI bhI prAntIya bhASA meM nahIM hai / 15 vIM zatAbdI ke aura bhI kaI bAlAvabodha prApta haiM jinameM suMdara kathAeM bhI milatI haiM / unameM se somasundarasUri ke 'upadezamAlA' aura 'yogazAstra' bAlAvabodha kI kucha kathAeM 'prAcIna gujarAtI gadya saMdarbha' meM prakAzita ho cukI haiM / abhI-abhI 'sItA rAma carita' nAmaka 15 vIM zatAbdI kI gadya kathA DA. hariballabha mAyANI saMpAdita 'vidyA' nAmaka patrikA meM prakAzita huI hai jo gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya kI zodha patrikA hai / isI taraha kI 'dhanapAla kathA' zrIra 'tatvavicAra prakaraNa' meM rAjasthAna bhAratI mAdi maiM prakAzita kara cukA hUM / saM. 1485 kI likhI huI 'kAlikAcArya kathA' bhI mere saMgraha meM haiM / merutuMgasUri ne vyAkaraNa catuSka bAlAvabodha, sAdhuratnasUri ne navatatva bAlAvabodha, dayAsiMha ne saMgrahaNI aura kSetrasamAsa bAlAvabodha kI racanA kI / somasundarasUri kA SaSTizataka bAlAvabodha saM. 1496 meM racita DA. sAMDesarA ne saMpAdita karake prakAzita kiyA hai / hamAre saMgraha meM 'tapAgaccha gurvAvalI' kI saM. 1497 kI likhI gaI prati hai jo 15 vIM zatI ke aitihAsika gadya kA acchA udAharaNa hai / jinasAgarasUri ne SaSTizataka bAlAvabodha saM. 1491 meM banAyA / 16 vIM zatAbdI meM prAkRta aura saMskRta ke aneka granthoM kI bAlAvabodha bhASA TIkA jaina vidvAnoM ne banAyI, jinameM hemahaMsagaNi kA paDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha saM. 1501 meM racA gayA / mevADa ke devakulapATaka meM mANikyasundara gaNi ne bhavabhAvanA bAlAvabodha saM. 1501 meM racA / jinasUri racita gautamapRcchA bAlAvabodha, saMvegadeva gaNi racita piNDavizuddhi bAlAvabodha saM. 1513, dharmadeva gaNi racita SaSTi zataka bAlAvabodha saMvat 1515, Asacandra racita kalpasUta bAlAvabodha saM. 1517, jayacandrasUri racita causaraNa bAlAvabodha saM. 1518 se pUrva, udayavallabhapUri racita kSetrasamAsa bAlAvabodha, kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya racita siddhAnta sAroddhAra Adi prApta haiM aura nannasUri racita upadezamAlA bAlAvabodha saM. 1543 meM racita raoNyala eziyATika sosAyaTI, landana se prakAzita ho cukA hai /

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16vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha ke gadya lekhaka marusundara aura uttarArdha ke pAvaMcandra ne to anekoM granthoM ke bAlAvabodha banAye jinameM mairusundara kharataragaccha ke prasiddha vidvAn the| inake kaI bAlAvabodhoM meM bahuta sI kathAeM pAyI jAtI haiN| inhoMne kevala jaina Agama aura prakaraNoM kI hI nahIM apitu saMskRta ke alaMkAra grantha 'vidagdhamakhamaNDana' aura 'vAgbhaTaTAlaMkAra' tathA chaMdagrantha 'vattaratnAkara' kI bhI bhASATIkA bAlAvabodha rUpa meM bnaayii| saM. 1518 se 1535 ke bIca meM Apane 'zIlopadezamAlA, puSpamAlA, SaDAvazyaka, SaSTizataka, karpUra prakara, yogazAstra, bhaktAmara' Adi 20 graMthoM ke bAlAvabodha race / inakA eka svatantra praznottara graMtha bhI saM. 1535 meM racita prApta hai| pArzvacandra sUri ne sarvaprathama prAcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga , dazavakAlika, praupapAtika, praznavyAkaraNa, taMdulavaiyAliya, causaraNa, sAdhapratikramaNa, navatatva prAdi jaina grAgamoM para bAlAvabodha, bhASA-TIkAeM likhiiN| inakA mukhya kendra nAgaura, jodhapura Adi rAjasthAna hI thA / kharataragacchoya dharmadeva ne SaSTizataka bAlAvabodha (saM. 1515), ratnaraMgopAdhyAya ne rUpakamAlA bAlAvabodha (saM.1582), rAjazIla ne sidara prakara bAlAvabodha, abhayadharma ne daza dRSTAMta kathAnaka bAlAvabodha, rAjahaMsa ne dazavaikalpika bAlAvabodha aura pravacana sAra bnaayaa| zivasundara ne gautamapRcchA bAlAvabodha saM. 1569 khIMvasara meM bnaayaa| ___ 17vIM zatAbdI meM bhI bAlAvabodhoM ke atirikta kucha maulika praznottara Adi grantha bhI race gye| unameM sAdhakIti racita saptasmaraNa bAlAvabodha ko racanA saM. 1611 kI dIvAlI ko bIkAnera ke mantrI saMgrAmasiMha ke Adeza se kI gii| harSa vallabha upAdhyAya ne 'aMcalamata carcA' kI racanA kI jisakI saM.1613 kI prati prApta hai| somavimalasari ne darzavakAlika aura kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha, candradharma gaNi ne yugAdidevastrota bAlAvabodha, cAritra-siMha gaNi samyaktvastava bAlAvabodha saM. 1633, jayasauma upAdhyAya ne do praznottara graMtha ora aSTotarI vidhi saM. 1650 ke AsapAsa bnaaye| saM. 1651 meM padamasundara ne pravacanasAra bAlAvabodha kI racanA kii| upAdhyAya samayasundara jI ne rUpakamAlA bAlAvabodha, SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha aura yati ArAdhanA kI racanA kii| zivanidhAna upAdhyAya ne saM. 1652 se 1680 ke bIca meM rAjasthAna meM rahate hue kAphI gadya kI racanAeM kI jinameM zAzvata stavana bAlAvabodha kI racanA saM. 1652 sAMbhara meM, laghusaMgrahaNI aura kalpasUtrI bAlAvabodha saM. 1680 amRtasara meM, guNasthAna gabhita jinastavana nAmaka rAjasthAnI racanA para saM. 1692 sAMgAnera meM bAlAvabodha likhaa| isI taraha rAjasthAnI ke suprasiddha kAvya 'kRSNarukamaNI rI veli' kI bhI bAlAvabodha bhASA TIkA bnaayii| Apane vidhiprakAza nAmaka grantha bhI gadya meM racA hai| kRSNa rukamaNI rI veli para samayasUndara jI ke praziSya jayakIrti ne bhI saM. 1686 bIkAnera meM bAlAvabodha likhaa| inhoMne SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha jaisalamera ke thAharuzAha kI abhyarthanA se saM 1693 meM bnaayaa| 17vIM zatAbdI ke kharataragacchIya vidvAn vimalakIrti ne Avazyaka bAlAvabodha saM. 1662, jIvavicAra-navatatva-daNDaka bAlAvabodha, jayatihapraNa bAlAvabodha, dazavakAlika TabbA, SaSTizataka bAlAvabodha, upadezamAlA TabbA, pratikramaNa TabbA, ikkIsaThANA TabbA Adi bhASA TIkAeM bnaayiiN| inake gurubhAI ke ziSya vimalaratna ne vIracaritra bAlAvabodha saM. 1702 sAMcaura meM bnaayaa| udayasAgara ne kSevasamAsa bAlAvabodha kI ravanA saM 1657 meM udayapura meM kii| zrIpAla RSi ne dazavakAlika bAlAvabodha saM. 1664 meM aura kanakasUndara gaNi ne dazavakAlika bAlAvabodha 1666 aura jJAtAdharmasUtra bAlAvabodha 14000 zloka parimita bnaayaa| rAmacandrasUri ne kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha, megharAja jo pArvacandrasUri ke praziSya the, ne rAjapraznIya, samavAyAMga, uttarAdhyayana, praupapAtika, kSetrasamAsa bAlAvabodha aura sAdhasamAcArI kI racanA kii|

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280 udayasAgara ne saM. 1676 udayapura meM kSetrasamAsa balAvabodha mantrI dhanarAja ke putra gaMgA at abhyarthanA se banAyA / pArzvacandra gacchIya rAjacandrasUri ne dazavaikAlika bAlAvabodha, harSaballabha upAdhyAya ne upAsakadazAMga bAlAvabodha kI racanA saM. 1669 meM kii| sUracandra ne cAturmAsika vyAkhyAna saM. 1694 meM, matikIrti ne praznottara saM. 1691 jaisalamera meM, kamalAlAbha ne uttarAdhyayana bAlAvabodha saM. 1674 aura 1689 ke bIca meM banAyA / kalyANa sAgara ne dAnazIla-tapa-bhAva-taraMgiNI kI racanA saM. 1694 meM udayapura meM kii| nayavilAsa racita lokanAla bAlAvabodha kI prati mere saMgraha meM hai / kharataragacchIya upAdhyAya kuzaladhIra ne pRthvIrAjakRta kRSNarukamaNI rI vaili bAlAvabodha kI racanA saM. 1696 meM kii| inane rasikapriyA bAlAvabodha saM. 1724 jodhapura meM banAyA / 18vIM zatAbdI meM bhI rAjasthAnI meM gadya racanA kI paramparA calatI rhii| para usameM eka nayA mor3a bhI AyA / 18vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha se hI rAjasthAna meM hindI kA prabhAva par3anA zurU huaa| kyoMki eka aura mugala bAdazAhoM se rAjasthAna ke rAjAoM kA samparka bar3hA / ye bAdazAhoM ke adhIna hokara aneka hindI pradezoM meM yuddha karane gaye / zrataH hindI bhASA aura sAhitya kA prabhAva una para par3A / phira zAhajahAM ke bAda hindI kaviyoM aura lekhakoM tathA kalAkAroM ko jo protsAhana milatA thA vaha auraMgajeba ke samaya se milanA banda ho gayA ! phalata: aneka kavi aura kalAkAra rAjasthAna ke rAjAoM ke Azrita bana gaye / unake rAjadarabAra meM pratiSThA aura prabhAva bar3hane ke kAraNa bhI 18vIM zatAbdI se rAjasthAnI ke sAtha-sAtha hindI meM bhI racanAeM rAjasthAna meM hone lagI / jaina kaviyoM kA bhI rAjAoM se acchA sambandha rahA hai| hindI ke kaviyoM aura guNIjanoM se bhI ve prabhAvita hue| isaliye rAjasthAnI ke jaina kaviyoM ne bhI 18vIM 19vIM zatAbdI meM rAjasthAnI ke sAtha-sAtha hindI meM bhI kAphI racanAeM haiM / padya racanAoM ke sAtha-sAtha gadya meM bhI hindI kA prayoga hone lgaa| digambara sampradAya meM to hindI ke kavi aura gadya lekhaka bahuta adhika ho gaye / kyoMki 17vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke kavi banArasIdAsa yadyapi zrAgarA meM hue para unakI racanAoM kA pracAra rAjasthAna aura paMjAba taka bar3hatA gayA / unake pracalita digambara terApaMtha kA bhI prabhAva par3A 1 18vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM zvetAmbara kharataragacchIya kavi jasarAja jinakA dIkSA nAma 'jina harSa' thA ne bahuta bar3A sAhitya nirmANa kiyA / unakA prArambhika jIvana kAla rAjasthAna meM tathA pichalA gujarAta ke pATaNa meM bItA / lakSyAdhika padya racanAoM ke atirikta inhoMne gadya meM dIvAlI kalpa bAlAvabodha, snAta paMcAsikA, jJAna paMcamI aura mauna ekAdazI parva kathA bAlabodha kI racanA kI / yahAM yaha spaSTa kara denA bhAvazyaka hai ki bahuta se jaina kaviyoM ke gadya meM rAjasthAnI evaM gujarAtI kA milAjulA rUpa milatA hai / kyoMki unakA uddezya thA gujarAta aura rAjasthAna donoM prAMtoM ke jainI unakI racanA ko ThIka se samajha skeN| vaise bhI unakA bihAra donoM prAntoM meM samAna rUpa se hotA thA, zrataH bhASA meM mizraNa honA svAbhAvika hI hai / rAjasthAna ke yati cAhe ve paMjAba meM tathA cAhe ve baMgAla kI ora gaye hoM aura mAlave meM to rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva thA hI / prataH ina saba prAntoM meM jo unhoMne racanAyeM kIM ve adhikAMza rAjasthAnI bhASA meM hI hai| kyoMki vahA~ ke adhikAMza jainI rAjasthAna se hI gae hue the aura unakI gharelU bolI rAjasthAnI hI thI / isaliye rAjasthAnI meM likhI huI racanA unake liye samajhane meM sugama thI / 18vIM zatAbdI ke kavi jayaraMga ke ziSya suguNacanda ne dhyAnazataka bAlAvabodha kI racanA saMvat 1736 phAguna sudI 5 ko baisalamera meM kii|

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uparokta kavi jinaharSa ke gurubhrAtA kavi lAbhavarddhana ne cANakyanIti aura subhASita graMtha para rAjasthAnI bhASA meMTabbA likhaa| TabbA eka taraha se saMkSipta artha ko kahate haiM, para bAlAvabodha meM vistRta vivecana hotA hai Tabbe likhane kI zailI bhI aisI hotI hai ki jisameM prAkRta yA saMskRta prAdi ke mUla graMtha kI eka paMkti bar3e akSaroM meM likhI jAtI hai aura usake Upara choTe prakSaroM meM usakA artha likha diyA jAtA hai| kharataragacchIya paM. ratnarAja ke ziSya ratnajaya jinakA gRhasthAvasthA kA nAma saMbhavataH narasiMha thA, unhoMne chaThe aMgasUna jJAtA para TabbA banAyA jisakA parimANa 13581 zlokoM kA hai| isakI prati saMvat 1733 kI likhI huI milI hai| unhoMne saptasmaraNa TabbA bnaayaa| suprasiddha kalpasUtra aura harSakIti sUri ke saMskRta vaidya graMtha 'yoga-cintamaNi' para bAlAvabodha nAmaka bhASA TIkAyeM bnaayiiN| inameM se kalpasUtna bAlAvabodha kA parimANa 5229 zlokoM kA hai| yahAM jo zloMko kA parimANa batalAyA jAtA hai vaha anuSThapUchaMda meM 32 akSara hote haiM ataH gadya ke bhI 32 akSaroM ko eka zloka mAnakara granthoM kA parimANa batalAnA cAlU ho gyaa| jo lahaiyA loga granthoM kI pratilipi karate the unako bhI likhAI kA pArizramika zloka parimANa ke hisAba se diyA jAtA thA jaise 100 yA 1000 zloka kI likhAI kI reTa (dara) taya ho jAtI thI aura grantha kI nakala kara lene para 32 akSaroM ke zloka ke hisAba se likhAI ke jitane zloka hote usase paisoM kA cukArA kara diyA jaataa| 18vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn upAdhyAya lakSmIvallabha ne saMskRta, hindI, rAjasthAnI tInoM bhASAmoM meM rAjasthAnI racanAyeM kI haiN| inhoMne gadya meM bhartRhari ke zataka taya aura pRthvIrAja kA TabbA yA artha likhA, jisase ina granthoM ko sarvasAdhAraNa samajha ske| pathvIrAja veli rAjasthAnI kA suprasiddha sarvottama kAvya bIkAnera ke mAhArAjA pRthvIrAja ne banAyA hai| DaMgara bhASA kI yaha utkRSTa kRti samajhane meM kaThina par3atI hai isaliye kaI jaina vidvAnoM ne isa kAvya ke saMskRta va rAjasthAnI meM TIkArya likhI haiN| upAdhyAya lakSmIvallabha ne isakI bhASA TIkA vijayapura ke catura vyaktiyoM kI abhyarthanA se bnaayii| isakI saMvat 1750 kI likhI huI prati prApta huI hai / kavi kamalaharSa ke ziSya vidyAvilAsa ne saMvat 1728 meM kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha kI racanA kii| jaina prAgamoM meM sabase adhika pracAra kalpasUtra kA hai kyoMki prativarSa paryaSagoM meM ise bAMcA jAtA hai| ataH isa sUtra para saMskRta va rAjasthAnI meM sabase adhika TIkAyeM banAyI gaI haiN| vAzAmA 18vIM zatAbdI ke kharataragacchIya jaina vidvAnoM meM upAdhyAya dharmavarddhana rAjamAnya vidAna the| inakI lagha racanAoM kA saMgraha maiMne sampAdana karake 'dharmavarddhana granthAvalI' ke nAma se prakA zita karavA diyA hai| inhoMne khaNDelavAla rakhA jI ke pautra, jIvarAja ke putra nainA ke liye digambara apabhraMza AdhyAtmika graMtha, paramAtma-prakAza kI hindI meM bhASA TIkA saMvata 116 meM banAyI. jisako eka mAtra prati ajamera ke digambara bhaTTArakIya zAstra bhaMDAra meM prApta hai| inake ziSya kIrtisundara ne eka 'nAga vilAsa kathA saMgraha' nAmaka kathAoM kI saMkSipta sacanA karane vAle grantha kI racanA gadya meM kI, jise maiMne varadA meM prakAzita karavA diyA hai| kharataragaccha kI sAgaracandrasUri zAkhA ke kavi lakSmIvinaya ne saMskRta ke jyotiSa grantha bhavanadIpaka kI bAlavabodha bhASA TIkA saMvat 1767 meM bnaayii| isake pahale puSpa ziSya abhayakuzala ne siNalI grAma ke catura sonI ke Agraha se bhartRhari zataka bAlAvabodha kI racanA saMvat 1755 meM kii| inake guru puNyaharSa ne inake sAtha rahate haye digambara pranya padamanandI paMcavizikA kI hindI bhASA meM TIkA saMvat 1722 meM bhAgarA ke jagatarAya ke liye bnaayii|

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232 jJAnacandra ke ziSya kavi zrI deva ne jaina bhUgola saMbaMdhI prAkRta grantha kSetra samAsa bAlAvabodha kI racanA kI / mahAnatatvavettA upAdhyAya devacandra jI ne maroTha kI zrAvikA ke liye jaina zrAgamoM ke sAra rUpa meM zrAgama sAra grantha gadya rUpa meM saMvat 1776 meM banAyA / inhoMne nayacakradra sAra bAlAvabodha guNa-sthAna- zataka va karmagrantha bAlAvabodha, vicAra sAra TabbA, guru guNa SaTtrizikA TabbA aura vicAra ratnasAra praznottara grantha gadya meM vivecita kiye| apane banAye hue 24 tIrthaMkaroM para bhI inhoMne bAlAvabodha bhASA TIkA banA ke una stavanoM ke vizuddha bhAvoM ko spaSTa kiyA / Apane sapta smaraNa bAlAvabodha, daNDaka bAlAvabodha aura zAMtarasa Adi aura bhI gadyAtmaka racanAyeM kIM / 18vIM ke uttarArddha aura 19vIM ke prArambha ke jaina vidvAn mahopAdhyAya rAmavijaya ne kaI gadya racanAyeM karake una prAkRta saMskRta granthoM ko sarva sAdhAraNa ke liye sugama banA diyA / inameM se kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha kA racanAkAla to 19vIM ke prArambha kA hai / inakI sabase pahalI gadya racanA 'jinasukha sUri majhalasa' hindI kI chaTAdAra tukAnta gadya racanA baDI sundara hai, jo saMvat 1772 meM racI gayI / isake bAda unhoMne saMvat 1788 meM bhartRhari zatakatraya bAlAvabodha sojata ke chAjeDa maMtrI jIvarAja ke putra manarUpa ke zrAgraha se banAyA / usI ke zrAgraha se zramaru zataka bAlAvabodha kI racanA saMvat 1791 meM kI / inhoMne suprasiddha kavivara banArasIdAsa jI ke samaya-sAra ke hindI AdhyAtmika kAvya kI bAlA bodha bhASA TIkA svarNagiri ke gaNadhara gotrIya jagannAtha ke liye saMvat 1792 meM kI / saMvat 1792 meM laghu stava nAmaka devI stuti kI bhASA TIkA banAyI / inake atirikta bhaktAmara TabbA, navatatva TabbA, durizvara stotra TabbA, kalyANa-mandira TabbA, sannipAta kalikA TabbA aura hemInAmamAlA bhASA TIkA kI racanA kI / arthAt ye bahuta acche va baDe gadya lekhaka the / kharataragacchIya jasazIla ke ziSya nainasiMha ne bIkAnera ke mahArAjA AnandasiMha ke kahane se bhartRhari nItizataka kI hindI bhASA TIkA saMvat 1786 meM likhI / isa zatAbdI meM jayacanda nAma ke do vidvAn huye haiM jinameM se eka ne mAtAjI kI vacanikA nAmaka rAjasthAnI kI eka sundara gadya racanA saMvat 1776 meM kucerA meM rahate huye banAyI / yaha rAjasthAnI zodha saMsthAna caupAsanI se prakAzita paramparA meM chapa cukI hai / dayAtilaka ke ziSya dIpacandra ne bAlataMtra nAmaka saMskRta vaidyaka grantha kI hindI bhASA TIkA saMvat 1792 jayapura meM banAyI jisakI hastalikhita prati hamAre saMgraha meM hai / 18vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM kharataragacchIya vimalaratna ne vIra caritra vAlAvabodha saMvat 1702 sAMcora meM banAyA jisakA parimANa 552 zlokoM kA hai / isake bAda samayavasundarajI kI paramparA ke rAjasoma ne zrAvakArAdhanA bhASA aura iriyA vahI mithyAduSkRta bAlAbodha kI racanA kI, jisakI prati saMvat 1709 kI prApta hai / saMvat 1719 meM kha. jJAnanidhAna ne vicAra chattIsI gadya grantha banAyA / pArzvacandra gacchIya rAmacandra ne dravya saMgraha bAlAvabodha kI racanA kI hai / jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai ki rAjasthAna ke kharataragacchIya kaviyoM ne paMjAba siMgha meM cAturmAsa karate huye bhI rAjasthAnI gadya meM racanAyeM kIM / jaise kha. padmacandra ziSya ne navatatva kA

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233 vistRta bAlAvabodha saMvat 1766 ghaTA meM banAyA, jisakA 3000 zloka parimANa hai / isI ghaTA meM baigar3a zAkhA ke sabhAcandra ne jJAnasukhaDI saMvat 1767 meM racA / inake atirikta bhI kharataragacchIya lekhakoM bahuta sI gadya racanAyeM haiM para unameM racanA sthAna kA ullekha nahIM hai / ke liye to prAyaH rAjasthAna meM race jAne kI saMbhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai, kyoMki isa gaccha kA pracAra va prabhAva rAjasthAna meM hI adhika rahA hai / tapAgaccha kA gujarAta meM / isaliye isa nibandha meM kharataragaccha ke sAhitya kA hI adhika ullekha huA hai / 19vIM zatAbdI meM sAhitya racanA pUrvApekSA kama huI / racanAyeM to aura bhI kama haiM / ullekhanIya zvetAmbara gadya sukha kha. ratnadhIra ne bhuvanadIpaka nAmaka prasiddha jyotiSa grantha kA vistRta bAlAvabodha saMvat 1806 meM banAyA / yaha dillI ke navAba ke kahane se hindI meM likhA gayA / isake bAda cainane vaidyaka grantha zatazlokI, baidyajIvana aura pathyApathya para TabbA arthAt zabdArtha likhA / yaha racanA saMvat 1820 ke lagabhaga huI / kavi raghupati ne duriara bAlAvabodha racA jisakI prati 1813 kI prApta 1 kAra isa zatAbdI ke ullekhanIya vidvAnoM meM upAdhyAya kSamA kalyANa jI ne praznottara sAhitya zataka bhASA saMvat 1853 bIkAnera meM aura aMbaDa caritra saMvat 1854 meM rcaa| dUsare granthazrI jJAnasArajI jinhoMne zrAnandadhanajI ke caubIsI aura padoM para vistRta vivecana saMvat 1866 ke zrAsapAsa kizanagar3ha meM racA / unhoMne aura bhI kaI bAlAvabodha aura gadya racanAyeM kI haiM jinameM AdhyAtmagItA bAlAvabodha, jinapratimA sthApita grantha, paMca samavAya adhikAra bhAdi ullekhanIya haiM / kharatara Anandavallabha ne saMvat 1873 se 1882 ke bIca kaI racanAyeM gadya meM kIM jinameM caumAsA vyAkhyAna, aThAI vyAkhyAna, jJAna paMcamI, mauna gyArasa, holI ke vyAkhyAna aura daMDaka, saMgrahaNI, vizeSazataka, zrAddha dinakRtya bAlAvabodha ullekhanIya haiM / paM. kastUracanda ne SaTdarzana samuccaya bAlAvabodha kI racanA saMvat 1894 meM bIkAnera meM kii| 20vIM zatAbdI meM bhI vaise kaI purAne granthoM para bAlAvabodha race gaye jaise devamuni ne zrIpAla caritra bhASA saMvat 1907 meM rcaa| suganajI ne mUrtimaMDana prakAza, rAmalAla jI ne zrIpAla caritra bhASA saMvat 1957, aThAI vyAkhyAna 1949, saMghapaTTaka bAlAvabodha 1967 meM likhe aura svatantra grantha hindI bhASA bahuta 'se banAye | isI taraha yati zrIpAla jI ne jaina sampradAya zikSA nAmaka bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa grantha likhA / isI taraha yati pannAlAla jI ne zrAtmaprabodha hindI anuvAda Adi anya aneka logoM ne prAcIna granthoM ke anuvAda va kucha maulika grantha hindI meM likhe / 20vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha se to hindI meM hI adhika likhA jAne lagA hai / terApanthI sampradAya ke pravartaka bhIkhaNa jI ne rAjasthAnI gadya meM 19vIM zatAbdI meM kAphI likhA para vaha gadya saMgraha prakAzita nahIM huaa| isa sampradAya ke sabase bar3e gadya lekhaka prAcArya jItamala jI jayAcArya huye jinhoMne kathAnoM kA eka bahuta bar3A saMgraha 20vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM taiyAra kiyA / jisakA parimANa karIba 60 hajAra zloka kA batalAyA jAtA hai / inakI aura bhI gadya racanAyeM haiM para abhI taka prAyaH ve sabhI aprakAzita haiM / sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke gadya sAhitya kI bhI pUrI jAnakArI prApta nahIM ho sakI / kI apekSA gadya meM adhika likhA jAne lgaa| ataH una sabakA vivaraNa denA yahA saMbhava nahIM hai / saMkSepa meM zvetAmbara lekhakoM ne padya ke sAtha-sAtha gadya meM bhI nirantara sAhitya nirmANa kiyA hai aura vaha lAkhoM zloka parimita haiM / 20vIM zatAbdI se to padya

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jaina zvetAmbara terApantha ke astitva kA itihAsa vi. saM. 1817 kI bhASAr3ha pUrNimA se Arambha hotA hai / isa prakAra eka sampradAya ke rUpa meM terApantha yadyapi bharvAcIna dharma-saMpa hai kintu sAhityika cetanA aura usakI sRjanAtmaka abhivyakti ke rUpa meM usakI prasiddhi sarva bicita hai / navIna sampradAya kI kuzala saMgaThana vyavasthA, svarUpa nirmANa evaM usake pracAra-prasAra ke liye prArambhika dinoM se hI rAjasthAnI gadya aura padya ke rUpa meM vipula sAhitya-nirmANa kI paramparA Arambha ho gaI thI, jisakI sudRr3ha nIMva grAdya prAcArya saMta bhIkhaNa jI ke kara-kama dvArA rakhI gaI thI, pariNAmasvarUpa paravartI kAla meM bhI vividha rUpAtmaka evaM viSayAtmaka sAhitya sRjana kI prakriyA anavarata rUpa se cAlU rahI / rAjasthAnI gadya sAhityakAra 8 terApantha kA rAjasthAnI gadya isI paramparA meM vizAla parimANa meM prArambhika samaya se hI prApta hotA hai / aba taka kiye gaye anusaMdhAna se terApantha sampradAya ke gyAraha rAjasthAnI gadya sAhityakAra aura unakI kRtiyAM prakAza meM AI haiM / samasta kRtikAra prAcArya athavA saMsa haiM / inakI kucha tAtvika carcA - pradhAna racanAyeM yatra tatra prakAzita bhI huI haiM kintu adhikAMcA gadya sAhitya hastalikhita ganthoM evaM pattoM ke rUpa meM hI upalabdha hotA hai| inakI mUlapratiSA~ tathA unakI pratilipiyAM vartamAna meM yugapradhAna AcArya zrI tulasI evaM unake prAjJAnuvartI sAdhusAdhviyoM ke pAsa haiM / kucha pratiyAM lADanUM (jilA nAgaura) sthita saMgrahAlaya meM bhI vidyamAna haiN| 1. likhita maryAdAvali 2. 3. hAjarI 4. huNDI khyAta bola 5. 234 yaha sampUrNa gadya sAhitya maulika aura pramaulika do prakAra kA hai| maulika gadya, kRtikAra kI svayaM kI udbhAvanA se udbhASita hai tathA zramaulika gadya anudita athavA TIkAyukta hai / rUpa-paramparA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha gadya kAphI samRddha hai / gadya sAhitya ke kucha rUpa to rAjasthAnI gadya sAhitya ke liye atyanta navIna aura viziSTa haiM, vastutaH ye terApantha sampradAya kI dena ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiM / likhita, hAjarI, maryAdAvali, huNDI, caracA, TahucA, dRSTAMta ( smaraNa) Adi aise hI viziSTa gadya rUpa haiM / samasta gadya sAhitya nimna rUpoM meM upalabdha hotA hai:-- 6. -DA. deva koThArI 7. caracA 8. dRSTAMta ] 9. dvAra 10. thokaDA 11. dhyAna 12. kathA 13. patra >>!

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233 14 TakA 15. TambA 1. panuvAda 17. vyAkaraNa 18. prakIrNaka viSayaH-vaividhya kI dRSTi se bhI yaha gadya sAhitya susampanna hai| terApantha dharma-saMgha ko maryAdita, anuzAsita evaM suvyavasthita svarUpa pradAna karane ke liye samaya-samaya para choTI se choTI pravRtti va maryAdA ko bhI sAhityabaddha karane kI paramparA rahI hai, phalasvarUpa rAjasthAnI mara kI vidhAna yA maryAdA-paraka racanAyeM pracara parimANa meM milatI haiN| navIna dharma-saMgha kI mAnyatAmoM ke pracAra-prasAra hetU tAtvika yA saiddhAMtika kRtiyoM kA sRjana bhI prArambhika kAla meM bagata mA hai| vyAkhyAna ke uddezya se upadezAtmaka va kathAtmaka gadya sAhitya bhI vipula mAtrA meM vidhA gyaa| atIta kI aneka ghaTanAoM ko lipibaddha kara terApantha ke itihAsa ko bilupta hone se bacAne kA kArya bhI kramaza: calatA rahA , phalataH aitihAsika gadya kA nirmANa bhI bhtaamaa| prathama bAra sajita saMsmaraNAtmaka rAjasthAnI gadya bhI isa sampradAya meM hI milatA hai| mAgama jJAna kI dUruhatA ko kama kara use sahaja sulabha karane kI daSTi se anavAda va ubdoM kI racanA kI gii| vyAkaraNa-bodha kI prakriyA meM tatsaMbaMdhI kRtiyAM bhI upalabdha hotI haiN| isa prakAra terApanya sampradAya kA rAjasthAnI gadya sAhitya viSaya vastu kI vividhatA se paripUrNa bora vimAla hai| tatkAlIna dhArmika evaM sAmAjika cetanA ke prasphuTana aura adhyayana kI dRSTi sebI isake ananya mahatva ko nakArA nahIM jA sakatA hai| moTe rUpa meM isa gadya sAhitya kA niyamAnusAra vargIkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai: 1. vidhAna yA maryAdA pradhAna 1. tAtvika . upadezAtmaka saMsmaraNAtmaka .. pAkhyAnAtmaka aitihAsika vyAkaraNa saMbaMdhI .. anudita va TIkAmUlaka sampUrNa gaDa sAhitya kI rAjasthAnI bhASA sahaja va sarala hai| sthAnIya zabdoM kA prAcurya bhImA-badekhane ko milatA hai| kahIM-kahIM gujarAtI prabhAva bhI racanAoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| vahA~hIcI bhASA meM alaMkAritA pAI hai, usase viSaya vastu meM nikhAra hI pAyA hai| bhASA ke namUnoMkAraNa hI samAja meM ye itanI adhika bodhagamya bhaura priya rahI haiM ki adhikAMza racanAyeM logoM meM bhAva bhI kaNThastha haiN| pavamA bhaura unakI kRtimA: terApaMpa ke rAjasthAnI gadyakAra saMkhyA kI dRSTi se yadyapi kama haiM kintu unakA rAjasthAnI gara-sAhitya meM guNAtmaka yoga kisI bhI dRSTi se kama nahIM hai| yahAM pratyeka gadyakAra, usakI sthAkA paricaya yathA saMbhava udAharaNa sahita saMkSepa meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai:-- #. bhAcArya saMta bhIkhaNajI: rAjasthAna ke tatkAlIna jodhapura rAjya ke antargata kaMTAliyA (vartamAna meM jilA pAlI) *vi.saM. 170 kI bhASAr3ha zuklA trayodazI ko bhIkhaNajI (bhikSu) kA janma huaa| inake

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.. ' petA osavAla jAti ke saMkalecA gotra ke zAha balUjI the| mAtA kA nAma dIpAbAI thaa| inake eka bar3e bhAI bhI the, jinakA nAma holojI thaa| bacapana se hI ye dharmaniSTha, satyazodhaka paura sudhAravAdI pravRtti ke the| vivAhoparAnta asamaya meM hI inakI patnI kA dehAvasAna ho jAne se inameM vairAgya kI prabala bhAvanA jAgRta huii| antataH vi. saM. 1808 kI mRgazira kRSNA dvAdazI ko sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke tatkAlIna prAcArya saMta rughanAtha jI ke pAsa 25 varSa kI umra meM bagaDI kasbe meM ye dIkSita hye| dIkSA ke pazcAta inhoMne apanA sArA dhyAna Agama-manthana evaM cintana meM lagA diyaa| prapanI tIkSNa aura kuzAgra buddhi ke dvArA satya se sAkSAtkAra karane meM inheM adhika samaya na lgaa| vi. saM. 1815 ke rAjanagara (mevAr3a) cAturmAsa ke pazcAt AcAra-vicAra saMbaMdhI mAnyatAoM ko lekara apane guru se inakA matabheda ho gyaa| phalasvarUpa vi. saM. 1817 kI caitra zuklA navamI ko inhoMne cAra anya sAdhanoM ke sAtha prAcArya rughanAtha jI se apanA saMbaMdha viccheda kara liyaa| tatpazcAta kelavA (mevAr3a) ke cAturmAsa ke samaya vi. saM. 1817 kI prASAr3ha pUrNimA ko inhoMne bhAva-saMyama dhAraNa kiyaa| isI dina se terApantha kI sthApanA huii| evaM navIna dhArmika krAnti kA zrIgaNeza haa| lagabhaga 44 varSa taka navIna dharma saMgha kA netRtva karate huye 77 varSa kI avasthA meM vi. saM. 1860 kI bhAdrapada zuklA trayodazI ko bhApakA siriyArI (mAravAr3a) meM svargavAsa huaa| krAnta dRSTA AcArya bhIkhaNajI kA ekamAtra uddezya samyag prAcAra aura samyag vicAra kI punaH saMsthApanA karanA thaa| isa durddhara mArga ko sahaja va sarala banAne ke liye Apane tatkAlIna rAjasthAnI bhASA ko apane pravacana tathA navIna sAhitya ke nirmANa ke liye prAdhAra bnaayaa| prAgamoM kI gar3ha bAtoM ko sIdhI sarala rAjasthAnI meM abhivyakta karane meM bhI bhIkhaNa jI siddhahasta the| apane jIvanakAla meM aApane lagabhaga ar3atIsa hajAra zloka parimANa sAhitya gadya va padya meM likhe| samasta sAhitya tatva-vizleSaNAtmaka, zikSAtmaka, prAcAra-zodhaka, pAkhyAnAtmaka, stavana pradhAna evaM anya viSayoM se saMbaMdhita hai| gadya-sAhitya abhI taka aprakAzita hai| madha meM ApakI racanAyeM makhyataH haNDI, carcA, thokaDA, sikhata, (maryAdA patra) Adi ke rUpa meM upalabdha hotI haiN| racanAoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai: (ka) huNDiyAM: haNDI zIrSaka se do gadya racanAyeM milatI haiM, yathA 306 bolAM rI haNDI tathA 181bolArI hnnddii| donoM haNDiyoM meM saiddhAntika evaM mAnyatA saMbaMdhI vizleSaNa prAgama-graMthoM kI sArzI ke aAdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| yaha vizleSaNa mukhyataH dayA, dAna, vRta, avata, zraddhA, adhadA tathA prAcAra-vicAra se saMbaMdhita haiM: 1. 306 bolAM rI huNDI:-yaha eka bar3I racanA hai jo 55' patI meM samApta haI hai| isakA pradhAna viSaya vItarAga dvArA pratipAdita dharma hai| bhIkhaNajI ne isake dvArA yaha spaSTa kiyA hai ki vItarAga kA dharma vItarAga kI prAjJA. meM calane se hI hotA hai| vItarAga kI AjJA ke bAhara koI dharma nahIM hai| racanA kA prArambhika aMza isa prakAra hai:-- "zrI vItarAga no dharama vItarAga rI AgyA mAMhi ch| tiNa dharama nI vigata / eka dharama sAdhu ro te to saraba dharama kahiye ye| bIjo dharama zrAvaka rote desa dharama

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kahiye e donuI dharama bhagavAna rI mAgya mAMhi ch| edonaI dharama gyAna parasaNa para cAritra mAMhi ch|" 2. 181 bolAM rI haNDI:-yaha aTThAraha patnoM kI eka choTI racanA hai| sAdhuoM ke prAcAra-vyavahAra ko lekara sUtroM kI sAkSiyAM udghata karate huye evaM vibhinna udAharaNoM ko prastuta karate huye isakI racanA kI gaI hai| sAdhuoM ke prAcAra vyavahAra saMbaMdhI samasta bAteM isameM samAhita haiN| caracAyaH __caracA (saM. carcA) saMjJaka kula dasa racanAyeM milatI haiN| saMgrahIta rUpa meM kula 25 patroM meM samApta huI haiN| saiddhAntika va mAnyatA saMbaMdhI vibhinna tathyoM ko sarala rAjasthAnI meM carcA rUpa meM ina racanAoM meM samajhAyA gayA hai| samasta caracAnoM kA sUcanAtmaka paricaya nimna hai| isa lekha kI kalevarasImA ke kAraNa pratyeka caracA kA racanA udAharaNa nahIM dekara kevala : eka kA hI udAharaNa anta meM prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai| bogA rI caracAH isameM mana, vacana aura kAyA arthAt ina tInoM yogoM kI mukhya rUpa se carcA kI gaI hai . zubha azubha yoga kI pravRtti kaise hotI hai, isakA bhI isa racanA meM sUkSma vizleSaNa hai| jivANyA rI caracA:-- jo vyakti jina AjJA ke bAhara dharma kI sthApanA karate haiM, una sthApanAoM ke bAre meM vivecana karate haye jina dharma ke sahI svarUpa kI isameM carcA kI gaI hai| khulI caracA:- . .. kisa karma ke kSAyopazama se sAdhutva kI prApti hotI hai, isakI khulI carcA isameM kI gaI hai| .. mAnava saMvararI caracA: paramA. Asrava tathA saMvara ke bAre meM vyApta bhrAntiyoM kA isameM spaSTa vivecana kiyA gayA hai| prAsrava va saMvara jIva hotA hai, yaha sapramANa darzAyA gayA hai| kAlavAhI kI, varacA: jo vyakti kArya siddhi meM kevala kAla ko hI pradhAnatA dete haiM, vaha pradhAnatA jainAgama ke anukUla nahIM hai| isakA isameM vivecana hai| indriyavAdI kI caracA:-- indriyoM ko kucha vyakti sAvadha nirabadha kahate haiM, vaha sUtra-sammata nahIM hai| isakI carcA isameM kI gaI hai !...

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138 vya jIva-mAva jIvarIparapA: bAra kucha vyakti dravya jIva tathA bhAva jIva ko eka samamate hai, lekina do pAtmAmoM kA vizleSaNa karate huye ise isameM samajhAyA gayA hai| nikSepAM rI caracA: dravya nikSepa, nAma nikSepa, sthApanA nikSepa aura bhAva nikSepa, ina cAroM meM se korabA nikSepa nindanIya tathA pravandanIya hai, isakI isameM carcA kI gaI hai| TIkama hosI rI gharacA:-- kancha prAnta ke TIkamajI DosI nAmaka prAvaka kI yoga saMbaMdhI saMkAyoM kA samAdhAna sakSma vizleSaNa ke dvArA isameM kiyA gayA hai| pAMca bhAva ro paracA: isama udaya bhAva, upazama bhAva.kSAyaka bhAva.mAyopazAmika bhAva tathA pariNAmika bhAva kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| isa racanA kA prArambhika maMza racanA udAharaNa kI dRSTisanimma "atha pAMca bhAva rI caracA likhyate / udabhAva moha karama rA u ubhAra chate to sAvadha ch| bhara karama rA udai sUudebhAva chate sAvaca nirvcnhiiN| sahana bhAva cha te to mohanI karama upazameM ye ch| darasana mohanI upazameM yoco upavana samakita ch|" thokar3A:-eka hI viSaya ke saMkSipta saMgraha ko thokar3A (saM. svota) kahate haiN| puSa pAMca yokar3e dasa hastalikhita patroM meM upalabdha haiN| paricaya nimna hai:pAMca bhAva ro thokar3o, pailo: pAMca bhAvoM prarthAt udaya, upazama, kSAyaka, kSAyopazamika pora pAriNAmika mAro vibhinna yantroM mAdhyama se isameM vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| pAMca bhAva ro thokaDo, dUjo: udaya niSpannAdika boloM para uparyukta pAMca bhAvoM kA mantroM dvArA vivecana kiyA / pATha prAtmA ro thokar3o: isa pokar3e meM pATha prAtmAnoM kA vivaraNa yantroM dvArA prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bhikSu pirichA: isameM bhISaNajI se samaya-samaya para kI gaI vibhinna prakAra kI pa saahaat|

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mo tatva aura cha: dravyoM kA dRSTAntoM dvArA isameM sarala vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pita (maryAdA patra): prAcArya santa bhIkhaNa jI ne navIna dharma-saMgha ko maryAdita evaM saMgaThita rakhane kI daSTi se samaya-samaya para jo likhita maryAdAyeM sthApita kI, unheM sAmUhika rUpa se isa zIrSaka ke antargata sAtA / aise kula 24panna haiN| jinameM no maryAdAyeM saMgha ke sAmahika svarUpa ko dhyAna meM rakhate hae hai tathA aTThAisa maryAdAeM vyaktigata patroM ke rUpa meM sAdhu vizeSa ke liye haiN| isa prakAra kama 37maryAdAyeM likhata rUpa meM haiN| sAmUhika maryAdAmoM meM bhIkhamajI ke hastAkSaroM kesAtha-sAtha anya sAdhanoM dvArA sAkSiyAM bhI dI gaI haiN| prAja bhI ina maryAdAoM ke prAdhAra para vesaphsvadharmasaMca kA saMcAlana hotA hai| ina maryAdA patroM ko zikSA va saMghIya niyamoM-yaniyama bhImasakate haiN| vi. saM. 1832 mRgazira kRSNA 7 kI prathama likhata (maryAdA) kA eka maMga samakA bahAvakI spaSTatA ke liye prastuta hai: ___ "riSa bhISama sabai sAdhAM ne pUcha nai sabai sAdha sAdhaviyAM rI marajAdA gAMdhI hai sAdhAM maiM pUcha nai sAdhAM kanA thI kahavAya nai te liSIye ch| sarva sAdha sAdhavI bhAramala bI rI dhAgyA mAha caalnnauN| vihAra caumAso karaNAM tai bhAramala jI rI prAgyA sukrnno| divyA deNI te bhAramala jI re nAma diSyA dennii| celArI kapaDArI sAtAkArImA tara rI prAdi deI nai mamatA karara nai anaMtA jIva cArata gamAya nai naraka ninora yA mAhe gayA cha tiNa sU siSAdika rI mamatA miTAyavA ro nai cArita thoSoM patraparI upAya kIdhau ch|" .. maMcamba bI svAmI :-- nivAsI aura apane mAtA pitA ke ikalaute putra the| vi. saM. 1078 dvitIya pAcArya bhAramalajI ke kAla meM hemarAja jI svAmI ne inheM dIkSA dii| vi.saM. 1020 meM inakA svargavAsa humaa| isa prakAra kula 50 varSa taka sAdhu jIvana paalaa| inakI dhyAna viSayaka eka rAjasthAnI gadya kRti upalabdha hotI hai jo 'karamacanda jI ro yAdabavA 'mAtama cintaNa ro dhyAna' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa kRti meM dhyAna karane kI vidhipAda sarala rUpa meM samajhAI gaI hai| racanA ke udAharaNa kI dRSTi se dhyAna kA prAraMbha "pahilA padma bhAsana thira kari parcha mana thira kari viSa kaSAya thakI citanI bAra miTAya neaMtakaraNa mAya iNa tare dhyaavnnoN| namaskAra thAvo zrI paratajI ta bharatajI kehavA ch| surAsura sevita caraNa kamala sarvajJa bhagavaMta jagannAtha banalIyA yA taark| kugata mAraga nivAraNa / niravANa mAraga pamADaNa / nirAha nirahaMkAra / " terApaMtha ke tIsare bhAcArya the| inakA pUrA nAma rAmacandra jI thaa| vi. saM. 18 bayapura jile kI bar3I rAbaliyA (gAMva meM) inakA janma huaa| pitA kA nAma zAharocI

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240 bamba evaM mAtA kA nAma kuzalAMjI thaa| dasa varSa kI alpa vaya meM apanI mAtA jI ke sAtha vi. saM. 1857 kI caitra pUrNimA ko unhoMne prAcArya bhIkhaNajI se dIkSA grahaNa kii| vi. saM. 1878 kI vaizAkha kRSNA navamI ko yuvAcArya aura isI varSa mAgha kRSNA navamI ko prAcArya pada paramAsIna he| choTI rAvaliyA meM vi. saM. 1908 kI mAgha kRSNA caturdazI ko 62 varSa kI avasthA meM svargavAsa huaa| inakI 'atha pAMca vvahAra nA bola' zIrSaka eka rAjasthAnI laghu gadya, racanA milatI hai jo kevala tIna patnoM meM hai| isameM sAdhuoM ke kalpAkalpa kI vyavasthA kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| 4. kAlUjI svAmI bar3A :-- inakA janma relamagarA (mevAr3a ) meM vi. saM. 1899 meM huA thaa| lagabhaga nau varSa bama meM vi. saM. 1908 meM prAcArya RSirAma se inhoMne dIkSA lii| pacAsa.varSa taka sAdha bIvana vyatIta karane ke pazcAt saptama prAcArya DAlagaNI ke kAla meM vi. saM. 1958 meM divaMpatta jAnakI sAhityika ruci prabala thI / lipi za ddha va sundara thii| apane jIvana kAla meM mApane terApanya ke aneka hastalikhita granthoM kI sundara va zuddha pratilipiyAM kiiN| terApaMtha kI jyAta kA lekhana mApane hI prAraMbha kiyaa| terApantha kI khyAta: merApantha ke caturtha saMghapati jayAcArya ke kAla meM isa khyAta kA lekhana Apane prAraMbha kiyaa| yaha khyAta santoM va sAdhviyoM kI alaga-alaga hai| prAcArya bhikSu ke samaya se isa khyAta kA prAraMbha hotA hai| isa khyAta meM sAdhu sAdhviyoM kA bambakIya jIvana paricaya, dIkSA. sAdhanA, tapasyA, svAdhyAya, dharma-saMgha kA pracAra-prasAra, sAhitya-sarjana, sevA, kalAM tathA jIvana se saMbaMdhita vividha ghaTanAoM kA vistRta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| yaha khyAta terApantha ke itihAsa kA tathyAtmaka digdarzana kAlakrama se karAtI hai| kAlajI svAmI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt cauthamala jIvAmI ne isakA lekhana prAraMbha kiyaa| vartamAna meM muni madha kara jI ise hindI meM likha rahe haiN| sAdhunoM kI khyAta kA prAraMbhika aMza isa prakAra hai : "zrI bhikkha muni nau janama gAMma ThAma varNAvIrya cha / marudhara desa jodhapura rA mamarAva kamadhaja rAja ThAkara gAMmA kA moTA paTAyata nayara kaMTAlyai raa| ta? bahara bastI posavAlA rA ghara ghnnaaN| jaThe sAha balujI vaMsai usavAla baDe sAjana jAti sakalaicA. dI pAMde tasu bhAryA re udare upnaaN| mAtA garabha meM pAyA thakAM siMdha ro supaNo dekhyo|" 5. jayAcArya : sarvatomukhI pratibhA ke dhanI terApantha ke caturtha prAcArya jItamala jI yA jayAcArya kA janma jodhapura saMbhAga ke romaTa gAMva meM vi. saM. 1860 kI Azvina zuklA caturdazI ko huaa| Apake pitA posavAla jAti ke golachAM gotrIya zrI prAIdAnajI the| mAtA kA nAma kallajI thaa| vi.saM. 1869 kI mAgha kRSNA saptamI ko no varSa kI avasthA meM dvitIya prAcArya zrI bhAsmala jI kI bhAzA se RSirAya ne jayapura meM inheM dIkSA dii| prAcArya pada vi. saM. 1908 kI mAgha pUrNimA ko bIdAsara (cUrU) meM grahaNa kiyA tathA jayapura meM vi. saM. 1938 kI bhAdrapada kRSNA dvAdazI ko svarSavAsa humaa|

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241 terApaMtha dharmasaMgha meM jayAcArya udbhaTa vidvAna, pratibhA sampanna kavi aura mahAna gadya lekhaka ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiN| Apane gadya va padya kI choTI-bar3I 128 rAjasthAnI racanAeM sajila kii| prAkRta sAhitya kA rAjasthAnI meM anuvAda bhI kiyaa| aneka naI vidhAoM kA rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM pracalana kiyaa| bhApakA vividha rUpAtmaka evaM viSayAtmaka samasta sAhitya lagabhaya sADhe tIna lAkha anaSTapa chanda parimANa meM upalabdha hotA hai| gadya rUpa meM prApta yApakI kRtiyoM kA saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra hai:-- prama vidhvaMsana: isameM terApaMtha evaM sthAnakavAsI sampradAya ke matabhedoM evaM vivAdAspada viSayoM ko cavadaha adhikAroM meM vibhakta kara AgamoM ke pariprekSya meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai| vi. saM. 1980 meM maMgAmahara (bIkAnera) se isa grantha kA 462 pRSThoM meM prakAzana ho cukA hai| saMdeha visosadhiH satkAlIna vibhinna prakAra ke sandehoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kara unheM dUra karane kA isa grantha meM prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| yaha lagabhaga 91 patroM kI bar3I prati hai| jisameM cavadaha ratnoM meM samasta viSayavastu samAhita hai| prArambha meM saMskRta kA zloka hai| usake bAda racanA kA prAraMbha isa prakAra huA hai : "pUrava anaMtakAla saMsAra samuMdara nai virSa bhramaNa karatA jIvanai samakatva ratana nI prApti thaI nathI bhane kiNa hI samaya darasaNa mohanIya karama nAM kSayopasama thI samakatva hAtha pAvai to piNa asubha karama na udaya pASaMDI bhAdi aneka jina-matanA utthApaka cha tyAMrI kasaMgati karavA thI nAnA prakAra nAM saMdeha prAtmA ne virSa utapana have ana te saMdeha utapanna hovA thI je samakatva nAM prAcAra nissaMki-" jinAgyA mukha maNDana: sAdhanoM ke prAcAra vyavahAra saMbaMdhI kucha akalpanIya lagane vAle prasaMgoM ko prAgamoM ke mAdhAra para isameM saiddhAntika dRSTi se samarthita kiyA gayA hai evaM sarvajJoM dvArA vihita batAyA hai| racanA 17 patroM kI hai| racanA saMvat 1895 jyeSTha kRSNA somavatI amAvasyA hai| prArambha meM do dohe haiN| kumati vihaDanaH-- isameM sAdhumoM ke prAcAra-vicAra viSayaka tatkAlIna samAja dvArA uThAye gaye kutakoM kA bhAgamika pramANoM ke mAdhAra para spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| kula 14 patroM kI racanA hai| prArambha meM saMskRta zloka hai| parathUnI bola: 08 bola haiN| mantima bola ko dekhane se iMgita hotA hai ki zrI jayAcArya ise bhora mAge likhanA cAhate the kintu kinhIM kAraNoM se aisA na ho skaa| isameM AgamoM ke bhibhinna kaThina tathA vivAdAspada viSayoM kA spaSTIkaraNa evaM saMgrahaboja rUpa meM hai|

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242 jhINI caracA rA bola: isameM dravya jIva aura bhAva jIva kI sUkSmatA evaM gUDhArtha ko sarala va spaSTa rUpa meM samajhAyA gayA hai| bIca-bIca meM svAmI jI ke padyoM tathA prAgamoM ke udAharaNa bhI prastuta kiye gaye haiN| paramparA bola: isa zIrSaka ke antargata do gadya kRtiyAM haiN| prathama kRti zayyAtara saMbaMdhI paramparA ke bola kI hai| isakI bhI choTI va baDI do taraha kI kRtiyAM upalabdha hotI haiN| isameM una paramparAoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jinakA prAgamoM dvArA spaSTa saMketa prApta nahIM hotA kintu prAcIna prAcAryoM kI paramparAoM ke anusAra vartamAna meM jinake prAdhAra para sAdhanoM kA vyavahAra calatA hai| dUsarI kRti gocarI saMbaMdhI paramparA ke bola kI hai| isameM prAgamoM ke alAvA gocarI saMbaMdhI paramparAmoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| caracA ratanamAlA: samaya samaya para carcA rUpa meM pUche gaye vibhinna prazna tathA prAgama va anya prAmANika graMthoM ke pramANoM ke AdhAra para unake uttara isa grantha meM saMkalita haiN| dillI ke tatkAlIna zrAvaka lAlA kRSNacandra jauharI dvArA pUche gaye prazna bhI isameM haiN| kRti pradhurI pratIta hotI hai| bhikkhu pirachA:-- isameM zrAvakoM dvArA samaya-samaya para jayAcArya se tatva jijJAsA saMbaMdhI pUche gaye 138 prazna aura unake uttara haiN| dhyAna:-- isase saMbaMdhita do kRtiyAM milatI haiM dhyAna bar3A maura dhyAna chottaa| baDe dhyAna meM dhyAna kaise kareM? kaise baiThe? bhAdi bAtoM kA gadya meM varNana hai| choTe dhyAna meM paMca parameSTiyoM ke gaNoM kA cintana karate hue prAtma-zuddhi ko bhora prerita kiyA gayA hai| baDe dhyAna kA bhAraMbha isa prakAra humA hai-- "prathama to padamAsanAdika Asana thira kari kAyA nau caMcalapaNoM meTI nai mana mo piNa caMcala paNoM mettnnoN| parcha mana bAhira thakI aMtara jmaavnnoN| viSayAdika kI mana meM miTAya meM ekana praannnnoN| te mana ThikANe mANavA nimita svAsA sarata lagAvaNI--" praznottara sAragha sataka:-- isameM prAcAra-vicAra evaM mAnyatA saMbaMdhI 151 sArddhazataka prazna aura unake uttara diye gaye haiN| racanA vi. saM. 1895 se pUrva huI pratIta hotI hai| bRhad praznottara tatvabodha: makasudAbAda ke zrAvaka bAbU kAlUrAma jI ne praznottara tatvabodha kAvya kRti paDhane ke pazcAt kucha zAsAe Ara prakaTa kA, unhI ke nirAkaraNa svarUpa prastuta kRti gaya meM banAnI prAraMbha kI kintu vaha samayAbhAva ke kAraNa pUrNamaho skii|

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248 upadeza ratna kathA koSa: yaha upadezAtmaka kathAoM kA vizAla saMgraha hai, jo karIba 108 viSayoM se saMbaMdhita hai| kathAeM atyanta surucipUrNa, sAhityika evaM pAgama buddhi kI paricAyaka haiN| kahIM-kahIM dohe va gItikAeM bhI kathAoM meM dI gaI haiN| kathAmoM meM kathAvastu pravAhapUrNa hai| ina kathAoM kA saMgraha saMkalana kisI eka samaya athavA eka sthAna para nahIM harA, phalataH ina para mevADI, mAravADI DhuMDhADI aura prAraMbhika hindI kI chApa dRSTigocara hotI hai| rAjasthAno kathA sAhitya ke liye yaha kathAkoSa atyanta mahatvapUrNa aura mUlyavAna hai| kRti kI prathama kathA isa prakAra zurU huI "basaMtapUra gAme nyr| tiNa saiira meM eka nagara setth| tiNa ke pAMca patra / choTAI choTA beTA ro nAma motIlAla / mAM bApa rI prAgyA meM tISo paNa prakRti karaDI ghnnii| mAM bApa vicAra yo prI prAdamI karaDo krodhI ahNkaarii| mAM nI mAyA sU jhagaDo kare / bhojAyAM sU nita ldde| logA saM ldde| kalahagAro ghaNo piNa--" dRSTAMta : rAjasthAnI meM dRSTAnta athavA saMsmaraNa sarva prathama likhane kA zreya jayAcArya ko hI hai| isa taraha kI pApa kI tIna gadya racanAyeM milatI haiN| bhikkha dRSTAnta, zrAvaka dRSTAnta aura hema dRSTAnta / prathama kRti meM prAcArya bhIkhaNajI ke 312 dRSTAnta haiN| inheM muni hemarAja jI se sunakara jayAcArya ne likhaa| isakA racanA saMvat 1903 kArtika zuklA 13 ravivAra aura sthAna nAthadvArA hai| ye prAyaH vyaMgyAtmaka kintu kuzAgra buddhi ke paricAyaka haiN| dUsarI kRti meM tatvajJa evaM zraddhA bhakti rakhane vAle zrAvakoM ke 32 dRSTAMta haiM aura tIsarI meM muni hemarAja jI ke 37 dRSTAnta haiN| isameM kucha dRSTAnta bhAramala jI svAmI ke bhI haiN| gaNavisuddhikaraNa hAjarI : AcArya bhIkhaNajI ne terApantha dharma-saMgha ko saMgaThita va anuzAsita rakhane ke liye jo maryAdAeM banAI, jayAcArya ne unheM saMkalita kara vibhinna vargoM meM vargIkRta kara diyaa| isa vargIkRta rUpa ko hI 'gaNa visuddhikaraNa hAjarI' athavA saMkSepa meM hAjarI kahA jAtA hai| ye kula 28 haiN| inameM saMghIya jIvana kI aneka maryAdAeM, zikSAeM tathA mAvazyaka sUcanAeM haiN| maryAdAeM : ye vidhAna viSayaka do kRtiyAM haiN| prathama kRti baDI maryAdA kahalAtI hai| isameM ke gocarI, vihAra, vastra-pAva prAdi kI maryAdAeM haiN| dvitIya choTI maryAdA hai| isameM sAdhuoM ke AhAra saMbaMdhI maryAdAeM hI dI gaI haiN| bhAcArAMga TabbA : zIlokAcArya evaM pAyacandasUrikRta bhAcArAMga sUtra ke Tabbe ke AdhAra ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue mAcArAMga sUtra kA rAjasthAnI meM yaha sarala kintu vistRta TabbA jayAcArya ne vi. saM. 1919 kI phAlguNa zuklA 1 ko banAyA hai|

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244 [gamAdhikAra: AgamoM kI saMkhyA ke bAre meM jaina sampradAya meM paryApta matabheda haiN| isa kRti meM prAgamoM kI saMkhyA ko lekara prAmANika jAnakArI dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| prAgamoM ke prakSipta pAga ko tarkasaMgata DhaMga se amAnya bhI ThaharAyA gayA hai| iNDiyAM: jayAcArya kI cAra huNDiyAM milatI haiN| nizItha rI huNDI, bRhatkalpa rI huNDI, vyavahArI rI huNDI tathA bhagavatI rI hunnddii| ina huNDiyoM se saMbaMdhita cAroM sUtroM kA marma samajhane kI dRSTi se inameM unakA viSayAnukrama prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ye huNDiyAM vastuta: ina sUtroM kI kujI sadRza upayogI haiN| siddhAntasAra: ye tulanAtmaka TippaNI-paraka gadya racanAeM haiN| bhikSu svAmI ne apanI kRtiyoM meM jina vivAdAspada viSayoM ko prAgamoM ke saMdarbha meM liyA thA. jayAcArya ne una katiyoM meM viSayoM para aneka pramANa prastuta karate hae tulanAtmaka TippaNIyakta siddhAntasAra likhe the| kucha siddhAntasAra laghu va baDe donoM prakAra ke haiN| kucha kevala laghu aura kucha kevala baDe hI milate sAdhanikA:-- sArasvata-candrikA vyAkaraNa grantha ko samajhane ke liye isa gadya kRti kA rAjasthAnI meM nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| isameM kaThina sthaloM ko saralatama evaM sUtrabaddha tarIke se samajhAyA gayA hai| patrAtmaka gadya:-- patra samakAlIna itihAsa va paristhitiyoM ke bAre meM kAphI palabhya sAmagrI upalabdha karAte haiN| vastutaH ye vyakti ke mAnasa ke pratibimba ko samajhane ke acche sAdhana haiN| jayAcArya ke aise anekoM patra milate haiM, jinakA granthAgra 1501 hai| ye patra vibhinna samayoM meM likhe hue haiM tathA ye zikSAtmaka, samAdhAnAtmaka evaM ghaTanA pradhAna sAmagrI se paripUrNa haiN| 6. harakacanda jI svAmI: ye gAMva aTATiyA jilA udayapura (mevADa) ke nivAsI the| vi. saM. 1902 meM jayAcArya se dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| tebbIsa varSa sAdhu jIvana pAlane ke pazcAt vi. saM. 1925 meM inakA svargavAsa hamA thaa| jayAcArya se jaba unake uttarAdhikArI kA nAma pUchate the to ve tIma nAma choga, haraka, magharAja batAte the| unameM inakA nAma bhI thaa| inakI rAjasthAmI gadya meM caracA zIrSaka kRti milatI hai| isameM vrata-avata, zubha joga, prazubha joga, sAdhu jIvana, savara dharma, kArya kA kartA mAdi para carcAeM haiN| prAcArya kAla gaNI: bhaSTamAcArya kAla gaNI kA janma bIkAnera saMbhAga ke chApara gAMva meM bi. saM. 1933 kI kAlguNa zuklA dvitIyA ko humaa| bhApakA janma nAma zobhacanda pora mAtA-pitA dvArA prada

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245 nAma kAlarAma thaa| malacanda jI koThArI Apake pitA aura chogAjI mAtA thii| bi.: 1944 kI prAzvina zaklA tatIyA ko apanI mAtA ke sAtha bIdAsara (mAravADa) meM dIkSA graha kii| DAlagaNI ke devaloka ke pazcAt vi. saM. 1966 kI bhAdrapada pUrNimA ko lADana meM prAcA pada para AsIna he| gaMgApura mevADa meM vi. saM. 1993 kI bhAdrapada zuklA SaSThI ko bhApava svargavAsa humA / rAjasthAnI gadya meM ApakA kAla viSaya para eka lekha tathA patra sAhitya milatA hai ratra Apane apane prAjJAnavartI sAdha-sAdhviyoM ko samaya-samaya para likhe haiN| aise patroM kI saMkhya nagabhaga bIsa hai| saMgha saMcAlana tathA anazAsana kI daSTi se ye patna bahuta upayogI haiN| vi.sa 1976 kI caitra zuklA 3 ko apane ziSya bhIma jI ko likhe eka patra kA kucha aMza dRSTavya hai "ziSya bhImajI prAdi saM sukhasAtA baMce aura cita ghaNoM samAdhi meM raakhje| ko cita meM vicAraNA rAkhaje matI. anai sujAnagaDha meM AchI tareM saM rahIje sujAnagaDha : (sagalA) saMta kAma tane pUchane krsii| prAgyA maryAda meM kahiNo suNano pAchI ta rAkhajyo -" cauthamala jI svAmI: prApa jAvada (mAlavA) ke nivAsI the| pandraha varSa kI umra meM saptamAcArya DAla gaNI ke pAsa vi. saM. 1965 meM zikSA lI aura vi. saM. 2017 meM 48 varSa kA sAdhu jIvana pAlate hue inakA dehAvasAna hyaa| ye saMskRta, rAjasthAnI evaM vyAkaraNa ke prakANDa vidvAna the| tatsaMbaMdhI inakI racanAeM bhI milatI haiN| terApaMtha ke samasta hastalikhita grantha inakI dekharekha meM hI rahate the| kAlUjI svAmI baDA ke vi. saM. 1958 meM svargavAsa ho jAne ke pazcAt terApaMtha kI khyAta Apa hI rAjasthAnI gadya meM likhate the| usa khyAta kA paricaya udAharaNa kAlUjI svAmI baDA ke paricaya ke sAtha de diyA gayA hai| khyAta ke alAvA rAjasthAnI gadya kI koI anya racanA bhApakI upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| 9. hemarAja jI svAmI: mevADa pradezAntargata bhAtamA gAMva ke nivAsI the| aSTamAcArya kAlU gaNI ke samaya meM vi.sa. 1969 meM dIkSA grahaNa kI tathA vi. saM. 1994 meM inakA svargavAsa humaa| inake paccIsa bola artha saMgraha tathA bIsa se adhika thokaDe milate haiN| prAcArya zrI tulasI: . yuga pradhAna prAcArya zrI tulasI terApantha dharma saMgha ke navam prAcArya haiN| ApakA janma vi. saM. 1971 kI kArtika zuklA dvitIyA ko lADa (mAravADa) meM humA / mApake pitA bhosavAla jAti ke khaTeU gotrIya jhamaramalajI the| mAtA kA nAma vadanAMjI hai| gyAraha kI alpa vaya meM hI vi. saM. 1982 kI pauSa kRSNA paMcamI ko lADanU meM hI ApakI dIkSA huii| yuvAcArya pada vi.saM. 1993 kI bhAdrapada zuklA tatIyA ko evaM prAcArya pada isake cha:dina bAda hA navamI ko prApta kiyaa| mApane hindI, saMskRta va rAjasthAnI meM vipula sAhitya likhA hai kintu rAjasthAnI gadha ke rUma meM prApakA kevala patrAtmaka sAhitya hI upalabdha hotA hai| aise lagabhaga 150 patra milate

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haiM / ina patroM meM maMtrI muni maganalAla jI, sAdhvI pramukhA lADAjI tathA mAtuzrI vannA jI ko likhe gaye patra vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / nathamala jI svAmI:-- zrApa Tamakora nivAsI haiM / apanI mAtA jI ke sAtha aSTamAcArya kAlU gaNI ke samaya vi.saM. 1987 ke mAgha mAsa meM zrApane saradAra zahara meM dIkSA grahaNa kii| zrApa prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, hindI, rAjasthAnI va gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM ke viziSTa vidvAn haiM / ApakI aneka sAhityika va zodhapUraka kRtiyAM bhI prakAzita huI haiM / Apa saMskRta ke prAzu kavi ke rUpa meM bhI vikhyAta hai / vartamAna meM zrAgamo kA pATha sampAdana ApakI dekharekha meM hI ho rahA hai / darzana, yoga va sAhitya para zrApakI samAna gati hai / rAjasthAnI meM zrApake gadya gIta tathA eka phUla lAre kATo zIrSaka gadya racanAeM milatI haiM / donoM prakAra kI racanAeM sAhityika kintu dArzanika saMketa se yukta haiM / gadya gIta kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai 11. 246 anya : - "me barasyo / pANI rA parapoTA uchala-uchala UMcA jANa lAgyA / jya uchalyA tyU hI miTagyA / nIce nAkhaNa ne zrAkAsa prAparI chAtI khola dI / UMcA lejyAvaNa ne hAtha kAnI pasAryA - nAkhaNevAlA ghaNAI hai / uThANevAlA kitAka mile ?" terApantha ke uparyukta rAjasthAnI gadyakAroM ke alAvA bAgora vAle nathamala jI svAmI ne bhI rAjasthAnI gadya meM eka do gadya racanAeM kI haiM, aisA batAyA jAtA hai /

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rAjasthAnI gadya sAhityakAra 9 -DA. hukamacanda bhArilla rAjasthAnI meM gadya lekhana kI paramparA apabhraMza kAla se lekara vartamAna kAla taka avicchila rUpa se calI A rahI hai| isa sAhitya kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki jahAM hindI sAhitya meM gadya kA prAcIna rUpa nahIM ke barAbara hai vahAM rAjasthAnI meM gadya sAhitya madhyakAla se hI pUrNa vikasita rUpa meM milatA hai| vaise to rAjasthAnI meM gadya likhane kA prArambha 13-14 vIM zatAbdi se hI ho gayA thA lekina 16 vIM zatAbdi taka mAte-Ate vaha pUrNa vikasita ho cukA thaa| digambara jaina kaviyoM ne prAkRta evaM saMskRta graMthoM kI bAlAvabodha TIkAyeM likha kara rAjasthAnI gadya ke vikAsa meM apanA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA thaa| 1. pANDe rAjamallaH rAjasthAnI gadya ke vikAsa meM jina vidvAnoM ne apanA yogadAna diyA thA unameM pANDe rAjamalla kA nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya hai| ye 16 vIM zatAbdi ke vidvAn the aura virATanagara (bairATha) inakA nivAsa sthAna thaa| prAkRta evaM saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAna hone ke sAtha adhyAtma kI ora inakI vizeSa ruci thii| inhoMne prasiddha prAdhyAtmika grantha samayasAra kalaza para bAlAvabodhinI TIkA likhI thii| TIkA purAnI zailI para khaNDAnvayI hai| zabda paryAya dete hue bhAvArtha likhA gayA hai| yadyapi unakI bhASA saMskRta paraka zabdoM se yukta hai| vAkyoM meM barAbara pravAha pAyA jAtA hai| pANDe rAjamalla ke gadya kA eka namUnA dekhiye ___"yathA koI jIva madirA pIbAi kari avikala kIje cha, sarvasva chinAi lIjai ch| padatai bhraSTa kIjai chai tathA anAdi tAI lei kari sarvajIvarAzi rAga, dveSa, moha, azuddha kari matavAlo hamo chai tihi te jJAnAvaraNAdi karma ko baidha hoi chai --" ukta uddharaNa se jAnA jA sakatA hai ki bhASA jayapurI hai kintu sarvanAma aura kriyAnoM kA prartha jAna lene para vacanikA kA artha sugamatA se jAnA jA sakatA hai| 2. prakhayarAja zrImAla:-- prakhayarAja 17 vIM zatAbdi ke vidvAn the| inake janma, sthAna evaM jIvana ke saMbaMdha meM kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM miltaa| lekina bhASA evaM zailI kI dRSTi se ve jayapura prAnta ke hone caahiye| lekhaka kI abhI taka nimna racanAyeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM -- 1. caturdaza guNa sthAna carcA 2. viSApahAra stola vacanikA 3. kalyANamandira stotra bhASA vacanikA 4. bhaktAmara stotra bhASA vacanikA bhUpAla caubIsI bhASA vacanikA prathama grantha ke atirikta zeSa cAra granthoM para kavi ne bhASA vacanikA likhI hai| lekina caturdaza guNasthAna carcA eka svatantra grantha hai jisameM caudaha guNasthAnoM kA acchA vivecana kiyA 1. boragANo varSa 3 maMka 1 pRSTha 101

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248 gayA hai| bhASA na kaThina hai aura na durUha zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prakhayarAja ke eka gadya kA namUnA dekhiye "zArga antarAya karma pAMca prakAra tisi kI doi saakhaa| eka nihace aura eka vyauhaar| nihacai so kahiye jahAM paragana kA tyAga na hoi so daanaantraay| yAtma tatva kA lAbha na ho iso laabhaantraay| prAtma svarUpa kA bhoga na hoi so bhogaantraay| jahAM bAravAra papoga najAgai so upbhogaantraay| aSTa karma kahuM jIva jisake nahIM so vIryAntarAya " 3. pANDe hemarAjaH pANDe hemarAja yadyapi AgarA ke nivAsI the lekina rAjasthAna se bhI unakA vizeSa saMbaMdha thaa| mahAkaSi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla jaba AgarA gaye the to hemarAja se unakI bheMTa huI thii| unhoMne nimna zabdoM meM hemarAja kI prazaMsA kI hai hemarAja sAdharmI bhalai, jina vaca mAMni asubha dala malai / adhyAtama caracA niti kara, prabhu ke carana sadA ura dhrai| hemarAja ne nimna granthoM kI bAlAvabodha TIkA likhI thIpravacanasAra bhASA (saM. 1709) paMcAstikAya, na cakra, gomaTasAra karmakANDa / inakI gadya zailI bahuta sundara hai| vAkya sIdhe aura sugrAhaya haiN| jo, so, viSa, kari zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| gadya meM paMDitAUpana bhI hai| unake gadhe kA namUnA nimna prakAra "dharma dravya sadA avinAsI TaMkotkIrNa vastu hai| yadyapi apaNa agura laghu guNani kari SaTa gaNI hAni vaddhi rUpa pariNavai hai| pariNAma kari utpAda vyaya saMyukta hai tathApi apane dhauvya svarUpa sau calatA nAMhI dravya tisahI kA nAma hai jo upajai vinasa thira rhai|" pANDe hemarAja gadya sAhitya ke apane yuga ke lokapriya vidvAna the| inake pravacanasAra paura paMcAstikAya bhASA TIkA svAdhyAya premiyoM meM bahuta priya rahe haiN| 4. dIpacanda kAsalIvAla:-- dIpacaMda zAha bhI una rAjasthAnI vidvAnoM meM se the, jinhoMne rAjasthAnI gadya- nirmANa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna kiyA hai| ve khaNDelavAla jAti ke kAsalIvAla gotra meM janme the| prataH kaI sthAnoM para unakA nAma dIpacaMda kAsalIvAla bhI likhA milatA hai| ye pahile sAMgAnera meM rahate the kintu bAda meM pAmera pA gaye the| ye svabhAva se sarala, sAdagI priya aura madhyAtma carcA ke rasika vidvAn the| bhApake dvArA racita anubhava prakAza (saM. 1781), civalAsa (saM. 1779), prAtmAvalokana (saM. 1774), paramAtma prakAza, jJAna darpaNa, upadeza ratnamAlA bhora svarUpAnanda nAmaka DhuMDhAhaDa pradeza ke anya digambara jaina lekhakoM kI bhAMti inakI bhASA meM baja aura rAjasthAnI ke rUpoM ke sAtha khaDI bolI ke zabda-rUpa haiN| bhASA svaccha hai evaM sAdhu-vAkyoM meM gambhIra prapAbhivyakti usakI vizeSatA hai| 1. hindI gadha kA vikAsa : DA. premaprakAza gautama, anusaMdhAna prakAzana, prAcArya nabhara, kAnapura, pR. 1870

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240 sAhityika mUlyoM kI dRSTi se inakI racanAoM kA mahatva cAhe utanA na ho kintu tatvaciMtana evaM hindI gadya ke nirmANa va pracAra kI dRSTi se inakA kArya abhinandanIya hai| hindI gadya kI bAlyAvasthA meM bahuta racanAoM kA gadya meM nirmANa kara inhoMne usakI riktatA ko bharane kA prayAsa kiyA aura isa dizA meM mahatvapUrNa yoga diyA hai| inakI bhASA kA namUnA nimnAnusAra hai: "jaise bAnara eka kAMkarA ke paDe rovai taise yAke deha kA eka aMga bhI chIje to bahuterA rovai| ye mere aura maiM inakA jhUTha hI aise jaDana ke sevana tai sukha maanai| apanI zivanagarI kA rAjya bhUlyA, jo zrI guru ke kahe zivapurI kauM saMbhAlai, to vahAM kA Apa cetana rAjA bhavinAzI rAjya kreN|" 5. mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla: daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ne jisa prakAra kAvya granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA usI prakAra gadya meM bhI kitane hI granthoM kA nirmANa karake rAjasthAnI evaM hindI ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| kavi kI prathama racanA puNyAsravakathAkoza hai aura vaha gadya meM hai| isakA racanA kAla saMvat 1777 (san 1720 - kavi usa samaya Agare meM the aura vahIM para vidvAnoM ke saMsarga se inameM likhane kI ruci jAgrata huii| aba taka inakI nimna racanAyeM prakAza meM A cukI haiN| 1. puNyAlavakathAkoza (saM. 1777) 3. bhAdi purANa (saM. 1823) 5. harivaMza purANa (saM. 1829) 7. sArasamuccaya 2. padmapurANa (saM. 1823) 4. puruSArthasiddhyupAya (saM. 1827) (apUrNa choDa diyA) 6. paramAtma prakAza puNyAsravakathAkoza, padmapurANa, AdipurANa evaM harivaMzapurANa vizAlakAya grantha haiM yadyapi ye sabhI saMskRta bhASA se anudita kRtiyAM haiN| lekina kavi ne apanI ora se bhI jo sAmagrI joDI hai usase ye sabhI grantha maulika grantha ho gaye haiN| kavi ke samaya taka anuvAda meM jo sUnAsUnA sA najara AtA thA use apanI kRtiyoM meM jaDa se ukhAr3a pheNkaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki unake padamapurANa, harivaMzapurANa, prAdi purANa evaM puNyAnavakathAkoza kA svAdhyAya gata 200 varSoM meM jitanA huA utanA svAdhyAya saMbhavataH anya kisI racanA kA nahIM huA hogaa| Aja bhI ye sabhI racanAyeM pratyadhika lokapriya haiN| DA. jayakizana ke zabdoM meM daulatarAma kA hindI gadya saMskRta pariniSTha hai| vaha apabhraMza prAkRta tathA dezI zabdoM se mukta hai| vaha braja bhASA kA gadya hai lekina phira bhI usameM khaDI bolI kA pUrva rUpa dekhA jA sakatA hai| daulatarAma ke gadya kA namUnA dekhiye: "mAlava desa ujeNI nagarI virSa rAjA aparAjita rANI vijayAM tyAMka vinayazrI nAma putrI huii| hastizIrSapura ke rAjA hariSeNa prnnii| eka dina daMpati varadatta muni nai AhAra dAna detA huaa| pAchai bahuta kAlatAMi rAjya kiiyau| eka rAta sajyAgraha virSa vinayazrI pati sahita sUtI thii| agara kA dhUpa kA dhUma kari rAjA rANI mRtyu prApti huaa| madhya bhoga bhUmi viSa upajyAM |"-punnyaasrvkthaakoss daulatarAma kA janma jayapura pradeza ke kasabA grAma meM saMvat 1749 meM huA thaa| unakA banma nAma begarAja thaa| mAgarA, udayapura evaM jayapura unakA sAhityika kSetra rhaa| ye jIvana

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150 bhara jayapura mahArAjA kI sevA meM rahe tathA sAtha hI meM unake kRpA pAtra bhI rhe| inakA svargavAsa bhAdavA sudI 2 saMvat 1829 ko jayapura meM huaa| inakI kRtiyoM kA sAmAnya paricaya nimna prakAra hai puNyAsrava kathAkoSa : paNyAstrava kathAkoSa meM 59 kathAoM kA saMgraha hai| inake atirikta 9 lagha kathAeM pramukha kathAoM meM A gayI haiM jisase unakI saMkhyA 65 ho gaI hai| pratyeka kathA kahane kA mukhya uddezya kathA nAyaka ke jIvana kA varNana karane ke atirikta, naitikatA, sadAcAra aura acche kAryoM kI paramparA ko janma denA hai| sabhI kathAyeM sarala evaM rocaka zailI meM likhI gayI haiN| kathAkoza meM nimna kathAoM kA saMgraha hai: ___ 1. jinapUjA vrata kathA, 2. mahArAkSasa vidyAdhara kathA, 3. maiMDhaka kI kathA, 4. bharatakathA, 5. ratnazekhara cakravartI kathA, 6. karakaNDU kathA, 7. vanadanta cakravartI kathA, 8. zreNika kathA, 9. paMca namaskAra maMtra kathA, 10. mahAbalI kathA, 11. bhAmaNDala kathA, 12. yamarAja kathA, 13. bhIma kevalI kathA 14. cANDAla kUkarI kathA, 15. sukozala muni kathA, 16. kuberu mitrAveSThi kathA, 17. megha kumAra kathA, 18. sItAjI kI kathA, 19. rAnI prabhAvatI kathA 20. rAjA vrajakaraNa kathA, 21. bAI nIlI kathA, 22. cANDAla kathA, 23. nAga kumAra kathA, 24. bhaviSyadanta kathA, 25. azoka rohiNI kathA 26. nandimitra kathA, 27. jAmavantI kathA, 28. lalita ghaNTA kathA, 29. arjuna cANDAla kathA, 30. dAnakathA, 31. jayakumAra sulocanA kathA, 32. vajragaMdha kathA, 33. suketa zreSThi kathA, 34. sAgara cakravartI kathA, 35. nalanIla kathA, 36. lavakuza kathA, 37. dazaratha kathA, 38. bhAmaNDala kathA, 39. suSImA kathA, 40. gaMdhArI kathA, 41. gaurI kathA, 42. padmAvatI kathA, 43. dhanyakumAra kathA, 44. aMganIlA brAhmaNI kathA, 45. pAMca kesarI kathA, 46. akalaMkadeva kathA, 47. samaMtabhadra kathA, 48. sanatakumAra cakravartI kathA, 49. saMjaya muni kathA, 50. madhu piMgala kathA, 51. nAgavata kathA, 52. brAhmaNa cakravartI kathA, 53. aMjana cora kathA, 54. anantamatI kathA, 55. udayana kathA, 56. revatI rAnI kathA, 57. seTha sUdarzana kathA, 58. vAriSeNa muni kathA, 59. viSNakumAra mani kathA, 60. vacakumAra kathA, 61. prItikara kathA, 62. satyabhAmA pUrvabhava kathA, 63. zrIpAla caritra kathA, 64. jambUsvAmI kathA / papapurANa : padmapurANa kavi kI mUla kRti nahIM hai kintu 10-11 vIM zatAbdI ke mahAkavi raviSeNAcArya kI saMskRta kRti kA gadyAnuvAda hai| lekina kavi kI lekhana zailI evaM bhASA para pUrNa adhikAra hone se yaha mAnoM svayaM kI mUla racanA ke samAna lagatI hai| isameM 123 parva haiM jinameM jaina dharma ke anusAra rAmakathA kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| padmapurANa kI bhASA khaDI bolI ke rUpa meM hai kintu kucha vidvAnoM ne ise DhUDhArI bhASA ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| purANa kI bhASA atyadhika manorama evaM hRdayagrAhI hai| mAdi purANa : mAdi purANa vizAla kAya grantha hai| lekina kavi ne bhASA TIkA kI eka hI zailI ko parpovAyA hai| prAcArya jinasena ke kliSTa zabdoM kA partha jitane sarala evaM bodhagamya zabdoM meM

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Is1 kiyA hai vaha kavi ke saMskRta evaM hindI ke agAdha jJAna kA dyotaka hai| yaha bhI saMvat 1824 kI kRti hai| harivaMza purANa : isa kRti kA racanA kAla saM. 1829 hai| isakI racanA jayapura meM hI sampanna huI thii| yaha kavi kI antima kRti hai| 19 hajAra zloka pramANa gadya kRti likhanA daulatarAma ke liye mahAn sAhityika upalabdhi hai| isameM harivaMza kI kathA vistAra se dI huI hai| purANa ke kitane hI prasaMga aise lagate haiM jaise unhoMne apanI sArI zakti hI uleTakara rakhadI ho| 6. mahApaMDita ToDaramala:-- rAjasthAnI gadyakAroM meM mahApaMDita ToDaramala kA vizeSa sthAna hai| unhoMne TIkAoM evaM svatantra granthoM ke mAdhyama se rAjasthAnI gadya ke vikAsa meM apanA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyA hai| inakI racanAoM se patA calatA hai ki paMDita jI kI bhASA DhaMDhArI thI jo rAjasthAnI bhASA kI hI eka zAkhA hai| ToDaramala jI kI bhASA meM pravAha evaM lAlitya donoM haiN| pitA kA nAma ToDaramala jI kA samaya IsA kI aThArahavIM zatI kA madhyakAla hai| unake pitA kA nAma jogIdAsa evaM mAtA kA nAma rambhAdevI thaa| paMDita jI ke do putra haricanda evaM gamAnIrAma the| paMDitajI vyutpannamati the, isaliye thoDe hI samaya meM unhoMne prAkRta evaM saMskRta para pUrNa adhikAra kara liyaa| kannar3a bhASA kA bhI unheM acchA jJAna thaa| adhikAMza vidvAn unakI Ayu 27 varSa kI mAnate haiM lekina navIna khoja ke AdhAra para ve 47 varSa taka jIvita rahe the| do putra haricanda / kannar3a bhASAlaya thoDe hI samaya meM paMDita jI ke pramukha gadya granthoM meM gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gommaTa sAra karmakAMDa, labdhisAra, kSapaNAsAra, trilokasAra, mokSamArga prakAzaka, prAtmAnuzAsana, puruSArthasiddhayupAya evaM rahasyapUrNa ciTTI ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| inameM mokSamArga prakAzaka evaM rahasya pUrNa ciTrI unakI svataMtra kRtiyAM haiM tathA zeSa saba prAkRta evaM saMskRta granthoM para rAjasthAnI TIkAyeM haiN| gommaTasAra jIvakAMDa, gommaTasAra karmakAMDa, labdhisAra evaM kSapaNAsAra para cAroM TIkAoM ko milA kara unakA nAma 'samyagjJAna candrikA' rakhA gayA hai| samyagjJAna candrikA vivecanAtmaka gadya zailI meM likhI gaI hai| prArambha meM 71pRSThoM kI pIThikA hai jise hama aAdhunika bhASA meM bhamikA kaha sakate haiN| ise par3hane ke pazcAt graMtha kA pUrA hArda khula jAtA hai| 'mokSamArga prakAzaka' paMDita jI kA svatantra grantha hai evaM vaha bar3I hI AkarSaka zailI meM likhA hunA hai| isameM sabhI jaina siddhAnta ke granthoM kA mAnoM nicoDa hai| paMDitajI kA yaha atyadhika lokapriya grantha hai jisakI aba taka kitane hI prAvattiyAM prakAzita ho cakI haiN| vivecanAtmaka gadya zailI meM likhe jAne para bhI praznottara ke rUpa meM viSaya kA acchA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| paMDitajI ke gadya kA eka namUnA dekhiye - "tAteM bahuta kahA kahie, jaise rAgAdi miTAvane kA zraddhAna hoya so hI zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai| bahuri jaise rAgAdi miTAvane kA jAnanA hoya so hI samyagjJAna hai| bahuri jaise rAgAdi miTeM so hI AcaraNa samyak caritra hai| aisA hI mokSamArga mAnanA yogya hai|" paM. ToDaramala jI kI vAkya racanA saMkSipta aura viSaya-pratipAdana zailI tArkika evaM gambhIra hai| vyayaM kA vistAra usameM nahIM hai para vistAra ke saMkoca meM koI viSaya aspaSTa nahIM rahA hai / lekhaka

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252 viSaya kA yathocita vivecana karatA huA Age baDhane ke liye sarvata hI zrAtura rahA hai| jahAM kahIM bhI viSaya kA vistAra huA hai vahAM uttarottara navInatA AtI gaI / vaha viSaya vistAra sAMgopAMga viSaya - vivecanA hI kI preraNA se hI huA hai / jisa viSaya ko unhoMne chuprA usameM 'kyoM' kA praznavAcaka samApta ho gayA hai zailI aisI adbhuta hai ki eka aparicita viSaya bhI sahaja hRdayaMgama ho jAtA hai / paMDita jI kA sabase baDA pradeya yaha hai ki unhoMne saMskRta, prAkRta meM nibaddha prAdhyAtmika tatvajJAna ko bhASA - gadya ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA aura tatva vivecana meM eka naI dRSTi dI / yaha navInatA unakI krAntikArI dRSTi meM hai / TIkAkAra hote hue bhI paMDita jI ne gadyazailI kA nirmANa kiyA / DA. gautama ne unheM gadya nirmAtA svIkAra kiyA hai / 1 unakI zailI dRSTAntayukta praznottaramayI tathA sugama hai / ve aisI zailI apanAte haiM jo na to ekadama zAstrIya hai aura na zrAdhyAmika siddhiyoM aura camatkAroM se bojhila / unakI isa zailI kA sarvottama nirvAha mokSamArga prakAzaka meM hai / tattakAlIna sthiti meM gadya ko AdhyAtmika cintana kA mAdhyama banAnA bahuta hI sUjha-bUjha aura zrama kA kArya thA / unakI zailI meM unake cintaka kA caritra aura tarka kA svabhAva spaSTa jhalakatA hai| lekhaka hote hue bhI unakI gadyazailI meM vyaktitva kA prakSepa unakI maulika vizeSatA hai| eka AdhyAtmika paMDita jayacanda jI chAbaDA :--- 7. paMDita ToDaramala ke pazcAt rAjasthAnI gadya ke pramukha nirmAtA ke rUpa meM paM. jayacand chAbar3A kA nAma pramukha rUpa se liyA jA sakatA hai / jaba ye 11 varSa ke the tabhI se inhoMne apane Apako vidvAnoM ko samarpita kara diyA / saMvat 1859 (san 1802 ) se inhoMne likhanA prArambha kiyA aura sarva prathama tatvArtha sUtra vacanikA likhI / aba taka unakI nimna kRtiyAM prApta ho cukI haiN| 1. tatvArthasUtra vacanikA (saM. 1859 ) sarvArthasiddhi vacanikA (saM. 1862 ) prameyaratnamAlA vacanikA (saM. 1863 ) 2. 3. 4. svAmI kArtikeyAnuprekSA bhASA (saM. 1863) 5. 6. dravya saMgraha vacanikA (saM. 1863) samayasAra vacanikA (saM. 1864) devAgamastotra ( prApta mImAMsA) (saM. 1866 ) praSTa pAhuDa vacanikA (saM. 1867 ) 7. N 8. 9. jJAnArNava vacanikA (saM. 1869 ) 10. bhaktAmara stota vacanikA (saM. 1870 ) 11. padasaMgraha 12. sAmAyika pATha vacanikA patra parIkSA vacanikA 13. 14. candraprabha carita vi. sarga 15. dhanyakumAra carita vacanikA inake granthoM kI bhASA sarala subodha evaM parimArjita hai, bhASA meM jahAM bhI durUhatA AI hai, usakA kAraNa gambhIra bhAva aura tAtvika gaharAiyAM rahI haiN| inake gadya kA namanA isa prakAra hai: 1. hindI gadya kA vikAsaH DA. prema prakAza gautama, anusaMdhAna prakAzana, AcArya nagara, kAnapura, pR. 185 va 188

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" jaise isa loka viSai suvarNaM zrara rUpA kUM gAli eka kie eka piNDa kA vyavahAra hoya hai taiseM zrAtmA ke zarIra ke paraspara eka kSetra kI avasthA hI teM ekapaNA kA vyavahAra hai aise vyavahAra raat kari AtmA ra zarIra kA ekapaNA hai / bahuri nizcaya tai ekapaNA nAhIM haiM jAteM pIlA ra pAMDura hai svabhAva jinikA aisA suvarNa ara rUpA hai tinake jaise nizcaya vicArie taba atyanta bhinnapaNA kari eka eka padArthapaNA kI anupapatti hai, tAtai nAnApanA hI hai / " 1 8. paMDita sadAsukha : paMDitapravara jayacandajI chAbaDA ke bAda rAjasthAnI bhASA ke gadya-bhaMDAra ko samRddha karane vAloM meM paMDita sadAsukha kAsalIvAla kA nAma pramukha rUpa se liyA jA sakatA hai / inakA janma jayapura meM vikrama saMvat 1852 tadanusAra IsvI san 1795 ke lagabhaga huA thA / 2 zrApake dvArA likhita grantha nimnAnusAra hai : 2. bhagavatI zrArAdhanA bhASA vacanikA ( saM. 1906) 3. tatvArtha sUtra ( bRhad bhASA TIkA zrartha prakAzikA) (saM. 1914 ) akalaMkASTaka bhASA vacanikA (saM. 1915 ) ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra bhASA TIkA (saM. 1920 ) inakI bhASA kA namUnA isa prakAra hai : 1. 253 5. 7. 4. 6. 8. tatvArthasUtra (laghu bhASATIkA) ( saM. 1910 ) samayasAra nATaka bhASA vacanikA ( saM. 1914 ) mRtyu mahotsava (saM. 1918 ) nitya niyama pUjA (saM. 1921 ) "saMsAra meM dharmaM aisA nAma to samasta loka kahaiM haiM parantu zabda kA artha to aisA jo naraka ticAdika gati meM paribhramaNarUpa dukhateM zrAtmA chuDAya uttama AtmIka, avinAzI atIndriya mokSasukha meM dhAraNa karai so dharma hai / so aisA dharma mola nAhIM zrAvai, jo dhana kharaci dAnasanmAnAdika grahaNa kariye tathA kisI kA diyA nAhIM Avai, jo sevA upAsanAta rAjI kara liyA jAya / tathA maMdira, parvata, jala, agni devamUrti, tIrthAdika meM nAhIM dharyA hai jo vahAM jAya lyAiye / " 9. RSabhadAsa nigotyA : RSabhadAsa nigotyA paM. jayacandra chAbaDA ke samakAlIna vidvAna the / saMvat 1840 ke lagabhaga inakA janma jayapura meM huA / ye zobhAcanda ke suputra the / saMvat 1888 meM inhoMne prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha mUlAcAra para bhASA vacanikA likhI thI / grantha kI bhASA DhUMDhArI hai tathA 1. hindI sAhitya : dvitIya khaMDa, pu. 504 1 2. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra bhASA TIkA, pRSTha 2 1

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jisa para paM. ToDaramala evaM jayacanda kI zailI kA prabhAva hai| inakI bhASA kA eka udAharaNa dekhiye-- "vasunaMdi siddhAnta cakravati kavi racI TIkA hai so cirakAla paryanta pRthvI virSa tiSThahu / kaisI hai TIkA sarva arthani kI hai siddhi jaate| bahuri kaisI hai samasta guNani kI nidhi / bahuri. grahaNa kari hai nIti jAne aiso jo prAcAraca kahiye manini kA prAcaraNa tAke sukSma bhAvani kI hai| anuvRtti kahiye pravRtti jaate| bahuri vikhyAta hai aThAraha doSa rahita pravRtti jAkI aisA jo jinapati kahiye jinezvara deva tAke nirdoSa bacani kari prasiddha / bahuri pApa rUpa mala kI dUra karaNa haarii|" 10. kanakakIrti : kanakakIrti 17 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAna the| ye bhaTTArakavargIya paramparA ke sAdhu the| tathA saMbhavataH Amera ke bhaTTArakoM se inakA saMbaMdha thaa| inakI aba taka nimna racanAeM upalabdha ho cukI haiM :-- karmaghaTAvalI (padya) jinarAja stuti (padya), tatvArtha sUtra bhASA TIkA (gadya), meghakumAra gIta (padya), zrIpAla stuti (padya), pada bArahakhaDI (padya) ukta rAjasthAnI racanAoM ke atirikta, prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha inakI kucha pUjAeM bhI milatI haiN| tatvArthasUtra bhASA TIkA inakI eka mAtra gadya kRti hai jo apane samaya meM atyadhika lokapriya kRti mAnI jAtI rhii| rAjasthAna ke jaina granthAgAroM meM isakI kitanI hI pANDulipiyAM saMgrahIta haiN| isameM umAsvAmI ke tatvArthasUtra para zrutasAgarI TIkA kI bhASA vacanikA kI gayI hai| inake gadya kA eka udAharaNa nimna prakAra hai : pradaM samAsvAmI matIvara mala gaMthakArako zrI sarva vItarAga baMde kahatAM zrI sarvajJa vItarAga ne namaskAra karUM dduuN| kisAika cha zrI vItarAga sarvajJa deva, mokSa mArgasya netAraM kahatAM mokSamArga kA prakAsa kA karavA vAlA chai| aura kiyA ika chai sarvajJa deva karmabhUbhRtAM bhettAraM kahatAM jJAnAvaraNAdika pATha karma tyAMha rUpa parvata tyAMha kA bhedivA vAlA chai|" 11. paM. zivajIlAla : 19 vIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle vidvAnoM meM paMDita zivajIlAla kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| inake vaMza, kula, guru evaM ziSya paramparA ke saMbaMdha meM abhI taka koI vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai| aba taka inake dvArA racita tIna grantha prApta haye haiM jinake nAma nimna prakAra darzanasAra bhASA, carcAsAra bhASA, pratiSThAsAra bhASA/darzanasAraH ko inhoMne jayapura meM saM. 1923 meM samApta kiyA thaa| yaha rAjasthAnI gadya meM nibaddha hai| inake gadya kA eka udAharaNa nimna prakAra hai "sAMca kahatAM jIva ke upari loka dukhoM va tuussoN| sAMca kahane vAlA to kahe hI kahA jaga kA bhaya kari rAjadaNDa choDi detA hai vA jUvA kA bhaya kari rAja manuSya kapaDA paTaki deya hai| taise niMdane vAle niMdA, stuti karane vAle stuti karo, sAMca bolA to sAMca khe|"..

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238 12. RSabhadAsa : RSabhadAsa jhAlarApATana ke rahane vAle the| ye hUMbaDa jAti ke zrAvaka the| inake pitA kA nAma nAbhirAya thaa| vasunandi zrAvakAcAra kI bhASA TIkA inhoMne Amera ke bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti kI preraNA se likhI thii| bhASA TIkA vistRta hai jo 347 pRSThoM meM pUrNa hotI hai| bhASA TIkA saMvat 1907 kI hai| jisakA ullekha nimna prakAra huA hai: RSipUraNa nava puni, mAgha puni zubha zveta / jayA prathA prathama kujavAra, mama maMgala hoya niketa // vasunandizrAvakAcAra kI pANDulipiyAM DIga evaM DUMgarapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai| 13. jJAnacanda : prAcArya zubhacandra ke jJAnArNava para saMskRta evaM hindI kI kitanI hI TIkAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM inameM jJAnacanda dvArA racita hindI gadya TIkA ullekhanIya hai| TIkA kA racanAkAla saMvat 1860 mAgha sudi 2 hai| TIkA kI bhASA para rAjasthAnI kA pUrNa prabhAva hai| isakI eka pANDulipi di. jaina mandira koTaDiyAla DUMgarapura meM saMgrahIta hai| 14. kezarIsiMha : paM. kezarIsiMha jayapura ke rahane vAle the| ye bhaTTArakIya paramparA ke vidvAna the| jayapUra rAjya ke dIvAna bAlacanda chAbaDA ke putra dIvAna jayacanda ke anurodha para paM. kezarIsiMha ne saMvat 1873 meM vardhamAna purANa kI bhASA TIkA nibaddha kii| ye yahAM ke lazkara ke digambara jaina mandira meM rahate huye sAhitya nirmANa kA kArya karate the| inake gadya kA eka udAharaNa nimna prakAra hai "aho yA loka viSe te puruSa dhanya hai jyAM pukhana kA dhyAna viSa tiSThatA citta upasarga ke saikaNDena kariha kiJcit mAtra hI vikriyA ke nahIM prApti hoya hai|" 15. campArAma bhAMvasA :- . ye khaNDelavAla jAti meM utpanna huye the| inake pitA kA nAma hIrAlAla thA jo mAdhopura (jayapura) ke rahane vAle the| inhoMne apanI jJAna-vRddhi ke liye 'dharma praznottara zrAvakAcAra' evaM bhadrabAha caritra' kI racanA kI thii| ye donoM hI kRtiyAM rAjasthAnI bhASA kI acchI racanAyeM mAnI jAtI haiN|

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hindI jaina sAhitya

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hindI jaina sAhitya kI pravRttiyAM-1. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza aura rAjasthAnI ke samAna hindI (khar3I bolI) bhASA meM bhI rAjasthAna ke jaina sAhityakAra avicchinna rUpa se sAhitya-sarjanA karate rahe haiN| hindI ke vikAsa ke sAtha samAja-sudhAra, rASTrIyatA, AdhunikIkaraNa Adi kI bhAvanA vizeSa rUpa se jaDI hone ke kAraNa hindI jaina sAhitya kA kathya aura zilpa bhI usase prabhAvita hA / jaina sAhitya makhyataH dhArmika vicAradhArA se prabhAvita rahA hai aura purAnI hindI meM lagabhaga 12vIM zatAbdI se nadyAvadhi jo racanAyeM milatI haiM unameM dhArmika mAnyatAoM kA yaha rUpa spaSTa dekhA jA sakatA hai| Adhunika hindI meM racita jaina sAhitya isa dhArmikatA se achUtA nahIM hai para yaha avazya hai ki vaha sAhityika tattvoM se adhikAdhika saMpanna hotA jA rahA hai| aAdhunika jaina sAhityakAra apane kathAbIja prAcIna dhArmika granthoM se avazya letA hai para unakA pallavana aura puSpana karane meM vaha adhunAtana vicAra-darzana aura sAhityika pravRttiyoM ko apanAne meM pIche nahIM rahA hai| sAhitya-sRjana kI mUla preraNA dhArmika hote hue bhI vaha saMkucita dhArmika sImA se prAbaddha nahIM hai| usakA paThana-pAThana kA kSetra bho aba jaina mandiroM, upAzrayoM aura sthAnakoM se Aga bar3ha kara jainetara samAja taka vistRta huA hai aura isa prakAra samasAmayika sAhitya ke samAnAntara uTha khar3e hone meM usakI kSamatA ujAgara huI hai| - rAjasthAna meM Adhunika hindI sAhitya sarjanA meM saMta-satiyoM aura zrAvakoM donoM kA samAna rUpa se mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| hindI ke rASTra bhASA pada para pratiSThita hone va saMparka bhASA ke rUpa meM usakA mahattva bar3hane se saMta-satiyoM meM prAkRta aura saMskRta bhASA ke adhyayanaadhyApana kI pravRtti ke sAtha hindI-bhASA aura sAhitya ke adhyayana kI pravRtti ne vizeSa jora pkddaa| dhAmika zikSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha vyAvahArika zikSaNa kA lAbha bhI ve lene lge| yadyapi dharma aura darzana hI adhyayana kA mukhya kSetra banA rahA tathApi itihAsa, rAjanIti zAstra, samAja stri, artha zAstra, manovijJAna, bhUgola jase samAjavijJAna kSatra ke viSayoM ke bhI ve samparka meM paae| vizva-vidyAlayI paddhati se adhyayana karane kA krama cAlU hone va tathAkathita parIkSAeM dene se saMta-satiyoM ke cintana-phalaka kA vistAra huprA tathA vyAkhyAna evaM vivecanA zailI vastuniSTha, tarkasammata aura pariSkRta bnii| idhara mudraNa aura prakAzana kI suvidhAeM bhI vizeSa rUpa se bniiN| rAjasthAna se hI kaI mAsika evaM pAkSika jaina patra-patrikAeM prakAzita hone lgii| ina sabakA sammilita prabhAva sAhitya-sarjanA para bhI pdd'aa| rAjasthAna meM racita Adhunika hindI jaina sAhitya ko abhivyakti ke mAdhyama kI dRSTi se makhyata: do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-padya aura gdy| yadyapi mAnava jIvana ke dainika vyavahAra meM gadya kA hI vizeSa mahattva hai tathApi sAhitya meM gadya kA vikAsa padya ke bAda hI hA parilakSita hotA hai| isake mUla mAnava kI bhAvanAtmaka pravRtti hI pradhAna kAraNa rahI hai| sAmAnyataH padya ko hI kAvya yA kavitA kahA jAtA hai| bandha kI dRSTi se kavitA ke do bheda kie jAte haiM--prabaMdha aura muktk| prabaMdha meM pUrvApara kA tAratamya hotA hai. maktaka meM yaha tAratamya nahIM pAyA jaataa| prabaMdha meM chanda eka dUsare se kathAnaka kI zRMkhalA meM baMdhe rahate haiN| unakA krama ulaTA-palaTA nahIM jA sktaa| ve eka dUsare para nirbhara rahate haiN| mastaka svataH pUrNa hote haiM, ve krama se rakhe jA sakate haiM para eka chaMda dUsare chaMda kI kramabaddhatA kI

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258 apekSA nahIM krtaa| prabaMdha meM saMpUrNa kAvya ke sAmUhika prabhAva para adhika dhyAna diyA jAtA hai jaba ki muktaka meM eka-eka chaMda kI alaga-alaga sAja-saMbhAla kI jAtI hai| padya kI bhAMti gadya kI bhI apanI vizeSa vidhAeM haiN| pramukha vidhAnoM meM nATaka, ekAMkI, upanyAsa, kahAnI, jIvanI, nibandha, pravacana, saMsmaraNa, yAtrAvRtta, gadya-kAvya prAdi sammilita kie jA sakate haiN| kahanA na hogA ki aAdhunika hindI jaina sAhityakAroM ne ina sabhI vidhAnoM meM sAhitya racA hai / adhyayana kI dRSTi se Adhunika hindI jaina sAhitya ko vidhAgata pravRtti kI dRSTi se isa prakAra vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai:-- (1) padya sAhitya : (ka) prabandha kAvya (kha) muktaka-kAvya (2) gadya sAhitya : (ka) nATaka, ekAMkI (kha) upanyAsa, caritAkhyAna (ga) kahAnI, laghu kathA, preraka prasaMga, gadyakAvya (gha) jIvanI (Ga) nibandha, pravacana (ca) zodha-samAlocanA (1) padya sAhitya : (ka) prabandha kAvyaH--prAcAryoM ne prabandha kAvya ke do bheda kie haiM-- mahAkAvya aura khnnddkaavy| mahAkAvya kA kSetra vistRta hotA hai| usameM saMpUrNa jIvana ke vividha rUpa citrita kie jAte haiN| khaNDakAvya meM kisI eka hI ghaTanA ko pradhAnatA dI jAtI hai| prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza aura rAjasthAnI meM prabandha kAvya ke rUpa meM vipula parimANa meM sAhitya racA gayA hai| mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM purANa tathA carita-saMjJaka aneka racanAeM likhI gayI haiN| choTI prabandha racanAoM meM rAsa, phAgu, veli, caupaI Adi nAmoM se abhihita racanAyeM vipula parimANa meM milatI haiM / isI paramparA meM Adhunika hindI prabandha kAvya likhe gae haiN| varNya-viSaya aura pAtrasRSTi kI dRSTi se aAdhunika kaviyoM ne bhI jaina paramparA meM mAnya zalAkApuruSoM, gaNadharoM, yugapradhAna prAcAryoM tathA anya mahApuruSoM kohI mUla AdhAra banAyA hai para kathAvastu kA gaThana, usakA uThAva, vikAsa Adi meM naI takanIka kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| aba ve DhAlabaddha na hokara sargabaddha haiN| inameM nayA chanda vidhAna aura naI rAga-rAganiyoM kA samAveza hai| prakRti citraNa, saundarya bodha, yuga-cintana Adi kI dRSTi se ve adhika yugIna aura sama-sAmayika sandabhoM se sampRkta haiN| (kha) muktaka kAvyaH--muktaka ke bhI sthUla rUpa se do bheda kie jA sakate haiM--geya muktaka aura pAThya muktk| geya maktakoM meM gAyana tattva kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| sAmAnyata:

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259 inakA prAnanda gAkara liyA jAtA hai| rAjasthAna ke Adhunika jaina kaviyoM meM jaina-saMtoM kI vizeSa bhUmikA rahI hai| bhakta zraddhAloM ko pratidina niyamita rUpa se pravacana yA vyAkhyAna sunAnA ina saMtoM kA dainandina kAryakrama hai| vyAkhyAna meM sarasatA banAe rakhane ke lie sAmAnyata: kavitA kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai| paramparA rUpa se DhAla aura bhajana gAne kI paripATI rahI hai para dhIre-dhIre usakA sthAna geya maktaka lete rahe haiN| isa dRSTi se ina muktakoM kI racanA vipUla parimANa meM haI hai| inakA mukhya uddezya sadAcAramaya naitika jIvana jIne kI preraNA denA hai| ye zaddha saMvedanAtmaka gItoM ke rUpa meM bhI likhe gae haiM aura kathA ko AdhAra banAkara bhii| zuddha saMvedanAtmaka gItoM meM kavi svayaM hI apanA Atma nivedana karatA hai jaba ki kathAdhArita gItoM meM kavi prAtma-nivedana to karatA hai para kisI dUsare pAtra dvArA kathA ko prAdhAra banA kara / adhyayana kI daSTi se geya maktakoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai--- stavana mUlaka, preraNA mUlaka aura vairAgya mUlaka / stavana mUlaka gIta vizeSataH prArthanAparaka aura apane ArAdhya kI garimA-mahimA ke sUcaka haiN| pUjA-gIta isI zreNI meM Ate haiN| preraNA mUlaka gItoM kA mUla svara suSupta puruSArtha ko jagA kara manuSyatva se devatva kI ora bar3hane tathA AtmavijetA, zuddha buddha paramAtma banane kA hai| sAmAjika dharAtala se prerita hokara likhe gae preraNA gItoM meM pragatizIla mAnavavAdI svara mukharita huA hai| isameM Adhunika jIvana kI visaMgatiyoM, bhautika sabhyatA ke kRtrima aAvaraNoM, zoSaNaparaka pravRttiyoM, aMdhavizvAsoM aura thothe aAdarzoM para kaTu vyaMgya kiyA gayA hai| aNuvrata Andolana, vibhinna parva-tithiyoM aura jayantiyoM ko AdhAra banA kara likhe gae preraNA-gIta hRdaya meM utsAha aura umaMga, zakti aura sphati saMcarita karane meM sakSama bane haiN| vairAgyamalaka gItoM meM jIva ko saMsAra se virata hokara AtmakalyANa kI ora unmukha hone kI udbodhanA dI gaI hai| mana kI caMcala vattiyoM, viSayavAsanA aura sapta-kUvyasanoM ke duSpariNAmoM va jIvana kI kSaNa bhaMguratA aura saMsAra kI asAratA ke prAtmasparzI citraNa ke sAtha-sAtha AdhyAtmika rahasyAtmakatA aura parama AnandA nabhati kA mArmika citraNa yahAM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / pAThya maktakoM meM geya muktakoM kI taraha gAyana tattva kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai| ye sAmAnya rUpa se mAtrika evaM varNika chandoM meM likha gae haiN| viSaya kI dRSTi se inheM do bhedoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai--tattva pradhAna aura upadeza pradhAna / tattva-pradhAna muktakoM meM prAtma-svAtantraya. karmaphala, punarjanma, ahiMsA, anekAnta, brahmacarya, kSamA jaise udAtta siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| upadeza pradhAna maktakoM meM jIva ko loka vyavahAra evaM adhyAtma bhAva kI zikSA dI gaI hai| ina upadezoM meM yoM to sAmAnya stara para noti kI bAteM kahI gayI haiM para kahIM-kahIM cuTIle-cu bhate hue vyaMgya ke bhI darzana hote haiM / ina maktakoM meM prakRti kA zIlanirUpaka rUpa hI vizeSataH ubhara kara sAmane AyA hai| mAnava jIvana kI pRSThabhami evaM sahAnubhUti ke rUpa meM prakRti ke vibhinna raMga marmasparzI bana paDe haiN| virATa-prakRti ke vividha upAdAnoM ko mAdhyama banA kara zAzvata jIvana satya kI saTIka vyaMjanA kI gaI hai| ina maktakoM kI bhASA sahaja, sarala aura pravAhapUrNa hai| bhAvoM ko vizeSa preSaNIya banAne ke lie praznottara, AtmakathAtmaka, sambodhana Adi vividha zailiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| alaMkAroM meM sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM kA vizeSa prayoga kiyA gayA hai. para mAnavI karaNa, bimba vidhAna, vizeSaNa viparyaya, pratIkAtmakatA Adi se ye achUte nahIM hai|

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260 chandavidhAna kI dRSTi se ye muktaka vaividhyapUrNa haiN| jahAM inameM paramparAgata, dohA, soraThA, kuNDaliyA, savaiyA jaise chanda prayukta hue haiM vahAM navagIta, philmI dhunoM aura loka gItoM kI paddhati para bhI acche gIta likhe gae haiN| gaz2ala aura rubAiyAM likhane meM bhI ye kavi pIche nahIM rhe| mukta chaMdoM meM bhinna tukAnta DhaMga kI yathArthavAdI kavitAeM likhane meM bhI inheM vizeSa saphalatA milI hai| (2) gadya sAhityaH (ka) nATaka-ekAMkI:---ye donoM dRzya kAvya kI zreNI meM Ate haiN| inameM raMgamaMca para pAtroM ke dvArA kisI kathA yA ghaTanA kA pradarzana hotA hai| yaha pradarzana abhinaya, raMga sajjA, saMvAda, nRtya-gIta, dhvani Adi ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA jAtA hai| nATaka kA phalaka upanyAsa kI bhAMti vistata hotA hai| isameM kaI aMka, ghaTanAyoM, dazyoM aura samasyAoM kA Ayojana hotA hai| ekAMkI meM eka aMka, eka ghaTanA, eka kArya aura eka samasyA makhya hotI hai / isakA prArambha sAmAnyataH saMgharSa se hotA hai jo zIghra hI gati pakar3a kara carama sImA kI ora agrasara ho jAtA hai| AkAzavANI ke vikAsa ke sAtha aba reDiyo nATaka adhika lokapriya banate jA rahe haiN| jaina-paramparA meM nATya rUpoM kA vizeSa mahattva rahA hai| vibhinna paryoM aura kalyANaka mahotsavoM para nATya pradarzita karane kI yahAM sudIrgha paramparA rahI hai| Aja nATaka aura ekAMkI jisa rUpa meM haiM unakA mUla prAcIna dIrgha aura laghu rAsa kAvyoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| prArambhika rAsa nRtya, saMgIta aura abhinaya pradhAna hote the| bAda meM calakara ve pAkhyAna pradhAna bana gae / Adhunika yuga meM nATya vidhA kI ora jaina sAhityakAra vizeSa AkarSita nahIM hue / isake kaI dhArmika aura sAmAjika kAraNa haiN| inameM eka pramukha kAraNa vItarAgI pAtroM ko maMca para upasthita na karane kI pravRtti hai / rAjasthAna ke sAhityakAra bhI kathA sAhitya kI apekSA nATaya sAhitya kI ora kama AkarSita hue haiN| pUre nATaka ke rUpa meM zrI mahendra jaina dvArA likhita "mahAsatI candana bAlA" nATaka hI ullekha yogya hai| sAhityika aura raMgamaMcIya donoM tattvoM kI daSTi se yaha eka saphala nATya kRti hai|| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM parinirvANa varSa ke avasara para loka nATya zailI para AdhArita do vizeSa nATya taiyAra kie gae haiM jinakI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvanAdarzoM ko lokamAnasa taka lokonaraMjana paraka zailI meM preSita karane meM vizeSa bhamikA rahI hai| ye haiM-- "bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmI kI par3a" aura "vaizAlI kA abhiSeka" / __ "mahAvIra svAmI kI par3a", rAjasthAnI par3a paramparA meM eka vizeSa upalabdhi hai| par3o meM pAbUjI tathA devanArAyaNa kI par3e to lokapriya haiM hI para bhIlavAr3A ke zrI nihAla ajamerA ne jinendra kalA bhAratI kI ora se isa par3a nATya ko prastuta kara nizcaya hI eka abhinava prayoga kiyA hai| par3a ke cAroM ora bAuNDrI meM jaina pratIkoM (yathA--aSTamaMgala, dharmacakra, svastika Adi) va paTTiyoM kA sundara saMyojana kiyA gayA hai| par3a meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI prabhAva pUrNa jIvana gAthA citrita hai| isakA pradarzana karate samaya yaha maMca para darzakoM ke sammukha lagA dI jAtI hai| tatpazcAt isakA vAcana prArambha hotA hai| eka vyakti citroM ke sambandha meM pUchatA hai aura dUsarA unake sambandha meM nATakIya lahaje meM uttara detA calatA hai| isakA citrAMkana zrI rAjendrakumAra jozI ne bar3e manoyoga pUrvaka kiyA hai| isakI pradarzana-avadhi Der3ha ghaNTe kI hai|

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261 "vaizAlI kA abhiSeka" kaThaputalI nATaya kI racanA, bhAratIya loka kalA maNDala, udayapura ke saMcAlaka zrI devIlAla sAMmara kI pUtalI nATaya kSetra meM maulika dena hai| kaThaputaliyoM kI char3a dastAnA zailI meM isakA nirmANa kiyA gayA hai| isake lie maMca para pUrA andherA kara diyA jAtA hai| darzaka hAla bhI isake maMcana ke samaya pUrNa aMdhere meM rahatA hai| isameM putaliyA~ vizeSa raMga phloroseNTa aura vizeSa rozanI alTrAvAyaleTa meM maMca para pradarzita kI jAtI haiM / lagabhaga eka ghaNTe kI isa nATikA ko dekhate samaya darzaka mAtA trizalA ke raMgIna AkarSaka svapna loka, zUlapANi yakSa ke lomaharSaka upasarga aura usase avicala bane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prazAMta jyotirmaya bhavya vyaktitva se abhibhata ho eka anokhI vismaya vimagdhakArI rasAnubhUti meM DUbate-tarate rahate haiN| blaika thiyeTara kI takanIka ke prayoga se raMga-yojanA meM vizeSa camatkRti A gaI hai| pUrI nATikA bhagavAna mahAvIra ke lokopakArI vyaktitva aura Atmaupamya maitrI bhAva ke pAloka se vimaNDita hai / ekAMkI ke kSetra meM jaina sAMskRtika dharAtala se likhe gae DA. narendra bhAnAvata ke nau ekAMkI 'viSa se amata kI ora' saMgraha meM saMkalita haiN| inameM 'yAtmA kA parva' antarAvalokana para bala dekara jIvana meM saMyama, naitikatA aura maryAdA kI pratiSThA karatA hai| eTama, ahisA aura zAMti' meM yaddha aura zAMti kI samasyA ko uThA kara eTama ke sRjanAtmaka pakSa ko ubhArane para bala diyA gayA hai| 'insAna kI pUjA kA dina' dIpAvalI kI rUr3higata pUjana vidhi para karArI coTa hai| 'saccA yajJa' yajJa ke loka-kalyANakArI rUpa para chAe hue kSudra svArthI, vikArA aura karma-kANDoM ko dhunane kA sabala mAdhyama hai| 'anAthI muni' ma sanAtha-anAtha viSayaka tAttvika carcA ke mAdhyama se prAtmazakti aura yAtma vizvAsa jAgata karane para bala diyA gayA hai| 'tIrthakara' meM tIrthakara ke dharmavakra pravartana, upadeza aura lokakalyANakArI svarUpa kI bhavya jhAMkI prastuta kI gayI hai| 'namirAja aura indra' meM prAtma-sAdhanA kA mAhAtmya prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| ye sabhI ekAMkI jaina vicAradhArA se sambandhita hote hue bhI apane mUla rUpa meM mAnava saMskRti ke pratipAdaka haiM / / zrI candanamala 'cAMda' ne praNa vrata Andolana kI cetanA se prerita hokara pravezaka aNuvrata ke gyAraha niyamoM para AdhArita gyAraha ekAMkI likhe haiM jinakA saMkalana 'kaMcana aura kasATI' nAma se huA hai| ina ekAMkiyoM kI bhAvabha mi lokajIvana se sambandhita hai aura ye bar3e prabhAvaka bana par3e haiN| (kha) upanyAsa-caritAkhyAna:--upanyAsa apekSAkRta navIna vidhA hai| isameM caritra-parivartana va caritna-vikAsa ke lie paryApta avasara hotA hai| makhya kathA ke sAtha yahAM kaI prAsaMgika kathAe jar3I rahatI haiN| yuga vizeSa ke sAMskRtika citraNa ke lie yahAM paryApta gajAiza hotI hai| manoraMjana ke sAtha loka-zikSaNa kA Aja upanyAsa sazakta mAdhyama banA huA hai| jaina pRSThabhUmi ko lekara rAjasthAna ke sAhityakAroM ne bahuta adhika upanyAsa nahIM likhe haiN| jo upanyAsa likhe gae haiM unako kathA ke jala preraNAsrota jaina Agama, purANa yA carita grantha rahe haiN| zrI jJAna bhArilla kA 'taraMgavatI prAcArya pAdalipta kI prAkRta racanA 'taraMgavaI' kA hindI rUpAntaraNa hai| prAcArya amatakumAra kA 'kapila' uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke AThaveM adhyayana para AdhArita hai| jJAna bhArilla ke hI anya upanyAsa 'bhaTakate-bhaTakate' kI kathA udyotanagari kRta prAkRta racanA 'kuvalayamAlA' se lI gaI hai| mahAvIra kATiyA ke pAtmajayI' aura 'kaNika' laghu upanyAsa tathA DA. prema sUmana jaina ke 'citeroM ke mahAvIra' bhI paramparAgata jana AkhyAnoM se saMbaddha haiM, para isase inakA mahattva kama nahIM hotaa| ina upanyAsakAroM kI maulikatA kathA meM nihita na hokara usake prastutIkaraNa aura samasAmayika jIvana saMdarbha ke sanniveza meM hai| pravAhapUrNa bhASA, varNana-kauzala, citropama kSamatA, saMvAdayojanA, nalana zailI aura naye racanAtantra ke kAraNa ye upanyAsa rocaka aura mArmika bana par3e haiN| paramparAgata kathAcayana

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262 kI lIka se haTakara kamalA jaina 'jIjI' ne 'agnipatha' meM apane hI bIca ghamatI-phiratI satI sAdhvA umarAvakuMvara jI 'arcanA' ko prakArAntara se nAyikA ke rUpa meM khar3A kiyA hai aura jAnakI ke rUpa meM lekhikA svayaM prakaTa huI hai| yaha upanyAsa vAtsalya, karuNA aura adhyAtma bhAvoM se labAlaba bharA hai| jIvanacarita ko upanyAsa ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kA yaha prayatna bar3A saphala bana par3A hai| navIna aupanyAsika zailI meM na sahI, para kathA kI manoraMjakatA aura autsukya-vRtti kA nirvAha karate hue rAjasthAna ke kathAkAroM ne kaI sUndara caritAkhyAna prastuta kie hai| ina kathAkAroM meM bamborA ke zrI kAzInAtha jaina kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / inake pacAsa ke lagabhaga caritAkhyAna prakAzita hae haiN| jaina saMta apane pratidina ke cArtamAsa kAlIna pravacano ke anta meM sAmAnyataH dhArAvAhI rUpa meM koI na koI caritAkhyAna prastuta karate haiN| ye caritAkhyAna yo to paramparAgata hI hote haiM para samasAmayika jIvana-prasaMgoM aura samasyAoM kA unase saMbaMdha jor3akara va use adhika rocaka. preraka aura mArmika banA dete haiN| dhArAvAhI rUpa se kaha gae aise caritAkhyAnoM ke kaI saMkalana prakAzita hae haiM, unameM AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI ma. sA. tathA jaina divAkara zrI cauthamala jI ma.sA. ke pAkhyAna vizeSa mahattvapUrNa haiN| zrI javAharalAla sA. ka caritAkhyAnoM meM sUbAhukUmAra, satI rAjamatI, satI madanarekhA, rukmaNi vivAha, ajanA, zAlibhadra carita, sudarzana carita, seTha dhannA carita, pANDava carita, rAma vana gamana, harizcandra-tArA aAdi ullekhanIya haiM / (ga) kahAnI, lagha kathA, preraka prasaMga, gadya kAvyaH--kahAnI Aja gadya kI sabase lokapriya vidhA hai| vaha satata vikAsonmukha aura prayogazIla rahI hai| Adhunika hindI kahAnI ka AvibhAva se pUrva hamAre yahAM kahAnI kI eka sUdIrgha paramparA rahI hai| dArzanika aura tAtvika siddhAntoM kI vivecanA ke lie kathAoM kA prAdhAra liyA jAtA rahA hai| ye kathAeM rUpakAtmaka, aitihAsika, paurANika, laukika Adi rUpoM meM Aja bhI manoraMjana aura upadeza kA mAdhyama banI huI haiN| Agama granthoM kI TIkA, niryakti, bhApya, caNi, avaNi Adi meM inake darzana hote haiN| jaina kathA sAhitya kA yaha vizAla bhaNDAra Adhanika kathAkAroM ke lie vizeSa preraNAsrota banA hayA hai| yaha avazya hai ki prAdhunika jaina kathAkAroM ne prAcIna kathA ko mUlAdhAra banAte hue bhI usake zilpa tantra meM parivartana kiyA hai| kAlpanika aura alaukika ghaTanAmoM ko jIvana kI yathArtha paristhitiyoM kA dharAtala aura bauddhika, manovaijJAnika AdhAra diyA hai| ghaTanAoM ko caritra-vizleSaNa aura mAnasika dvandva se sampakta kiyA hai| sakSepa meM daivavAda evaM Akasmika saMyoga ke prati aAgraha kama karate hue svAbhAvikatA, yathArthavAditA, vicArAtmakatA, puruSArthavAda aura kArya-kAraNa zrRMkhalA para adhika bala dene kA prayatna kiyA hai| moTe taura se kahAnI sAhitya kI pravRttiyoM ko isa prakAra vizleSita kiyA jA sakatA (i) saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza paramparA se prApta kathAoM ko sarala subodha bhASA aura rocaka zailI meM Adhunika DhaMga se prastuta karane kI eka mukhya pravRtti ubhara kara sAmane AyI hai| mani mahendrakumAra jI 'prathama' kI jaina kahAniyAM bhAga 1 se 25, zrI madhukara muni kI "jaina kathAmAlA" bhAga 1 se 12, zrI rameza mani kI 'pratApa kathA kaumadI' bhAga 1 se 5, zrI bhagavatI mani 'nirmala' kI 'mAgama yuga kI kahAniyAM' bhAga 1--2, zrI devendra muni kI 'mahAvIra yuga kI pratinidhi kathAeM', puSkara muni kI 'jaina kathAeM', mAga 1 se 5 isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiN|

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263 (ii) vartamAna jIvana kI sAmAjika aura Arthika samasyAoM ko, prAcIna kathya ko AdhAra banA kara prastuta karane kI pravRtti bhI kucha kahAnIkAroM meM parilakSita hotI hai / ye kahAnIkAra paramparAgata dhArmika kathAnaka ko AdhAra avazya banAte haiM para usake mAdhyama se Adhunika jIvana-saMvedana ko vyaMjita karanA cAhate haiM / DA. narendra bhAnAvata ke 'kucha maNiyAM kucha patthara', zrI mahAvIra koTiyA ke 'badalate kSaNa', zrI zAMticandra mehatA ke 'saundarya - darzana' aura zrI kesarIcanda seThiyA ke 'mukti ke patha para kahAnI saMgrahoM meM yaha pravRtti dekhI jA sakatI hai / ina kahAnIkAroM ne katipaya aisI kahAniyAM bhI likhI haiM jinakA kathya paramparAgata na hokara Adhunika jIvana sthitiyoM se liyA gayA hai aura usameM jaina-saMskRti ke AdarzoM ko pratiSThita karane kI pravRtti rahI hai / (iii) jaina Agama aura purANa granthoM meM itihAsa aura dharma zAstroM meM tathA loka jIvana aura loka-sAhitya meM aise kaI preraNAdAyI prasaMga, rUpaka, dRSTAnta bhare par3e haiN| jinheM par3ha kara jIvana meM hArA-thakA nirAza vyakti AsthA aura vizvAsa kA sambala pAkara apane jIvana ko sateja aura sArthaka banA sakatA hai / aise mArmika, jJAnavardhaka, preraNAdAyI aura vRttipariSkAraka prasaMgoM kA cayana kara, laghukathA, bodha kathA, aura saMsmaraNoM ke rUpa meM kaI sundara saMkalana prakAzita kie gae haiM / vyAkhyAna dete samaya jaina saMta aise dRSTAntoM, saMsmaraNoM aura rUpakoM kA vizeSa rUpa se prayoga karate haiM / AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI ma. sA. ke pravacanoM se saMkalita aisI kathAeM 'udAharaNamAlA' bhAga 1, 2, 3 meM prakAzita kI gaI haiM / isI prakAra ke anya pramukha saMkalana haiM--zrI devendra muni kRta 'pratidhvani', zrI gaNeza muni kRta 'preraNA ke bindu', zrI bhagavati muni 'nirmala kRta'lo kahAnI suno' 'lo kathA kahadUM', muni zrI chatamalajI kRta 'kathA kalpataru, zrI azoka muni kRta 'inase sIkheM, zrI udaya muni kRta 'priya dRSTAntodaya', Adi / (iv) dainandina jIvana meM vyavahRta vibhinna vastuoM, jIvana kI sAdhAraNa ghaTanAoM aura prakRti ke vividha upAdAnoM ko mAdhyama banAkara bhI kathAtmaka DhaMga se mArmika saMsmaraNa aura bhAva bhIne gadya kAvya likhe gaye haiM / inameM anubhUti kI pradhAnatA aura bhAvoM kI gaharAI rahatI hai / sAdhAraNa bAtoM ko pakar3a kara sArvabhaumika jIvana satyoM ko udghATita karane meM ye vizeSa saphala hote haiM / Aja ke AsthAhIna yuga meM ye choTe-choTe jIvana-prasaMga mahAn zakti aura sphUrti kA ahasAsa karAte haiM / dArzanika saMvedanA ke dharAtala se likhe jAne ke kAraNa kahIM-kahIM ye vicAra bojhila avazya ho gaye haiN| zrI candanamuni kRta "aMtardhvani", sAdhvI rAjImatI kRta "patha aura pathika", zrI devendra muni kRta "cintana kI cAMdanI", "anubhUti ke Aloka meM", zrI bhagavatI muni "nirmala" kRta "anubhUti ke zabda - zilpa" isa dRSTi se vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM / (gha) jIvanI : -- kathA sAhitya kI ghaTanAeM yA pAtra kAlpanika ho sakate haiM parantu jIvanI meM varNita ghaTanAyeM yA pAtra sacce hote haiM / jIvanI, itihAsa aura upanyAsa ke bIca kI cIz2a hai jisakA nAyaka vAstavika hone ke kAraNa adhika vyaktitvapUrNa hotA hai / jIvanI kA uddezya kisI aise caritra ko prakAza meM lAnA hotA hai jisakA samAja kI pragati aura rASTra kI unnati meM vizeSa sahayoga rahA ho / saphala jIvanI lekhaka ke liye Avazyaka hai ki vaha caritranAyaka ke bhAvoM, vicAroM tathA jIvana-darzana se pUrNatayA paricita hokara bhI usase nirlipta

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264 ho yaktigata deSa aura rAga ke bhAva se Upara uThA ho aura sAtha hI apane varNana meM saccA aura prAmANika ho| ina guNoM ke abhAva meM likhI huI jIvanI yA to stuti mAtra hogI yA nindaa| Adhunika DhaMga se jIvaniyA likhA jAnA isa yuga kI vizeSa pravRtti hai| prAcIna yaga meM jo mahAparuSa hae haiM, ve yAtma-vijJApana se prAyaH dUra rahate the| ataH antakSyi ke rUpa meM unake sambandha meM bahata ka jJAtavya prApta hotA hai| jaina paramparA meM gurvAvalI, paTTAvalI Adi ke rUpa ma dharmAcAyA bAra maniyoM ke mahattvapUrNa jIvana-prasaMga likhita milate haiN| samasAmayika ziSya bhaniyoM aura bhakta zrAvakoM dvArA likhita choTe-choTe padyabaddha pAkhyAna carita Adi milate haiN| granthoM kI hastalikhita pAMDulipiyoM ke anta meM prazasti rUpa meM racanAkAra, lipikAra apanI garuparamparA kA nirdeza bhI karate rahe hai| ina saba srotoM se jIvanI lekhaka sAmagrI saMkalita karatA hai| __ yaha sahI hai ki caritanAyaka ke mahattvapUrNa prasaMgoM ko surakSita rakhane ke prayatna to yahAM avazya hote rahe para jIvanI lekhana kA vyavasthita kArya prAdhunika yuga kI hI dena hai| rAjasthAna meM jaina dharmAcAryoM kA AdhyAtmika jIvana aura sAmAjika caritra ke unnayana meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| jaina zramaNa grAmAnugrAma pada vihAra karate hue jana-mAnasa ko sadAcAra-niSTha sAhityika jIvana jIne ko preraNA dete rahe haiN| pAdavihArI hone se ve jana-jIvana ke nikaTa saMparka meM to pAte hI haiM, vividha prakAra kI anukUla-pratikUla paristhitiyoM se gujarane ke kAraNa unakA svayaM kA jovana bhI nAnAvidha anubhavoM kA saMgama bana jAtA hai| aneka vyasanagrasta digbhramita loga unase preraNA pAkara sanmArga kI ora bar3hate haiN| aise mahAn prabhAvaka prAcAryoM aura maniyoM kI jIvaniyAM likhane kI aura rAjasthAna ke jIvanI lekhakoM kA dhyAna gayA hai aura katipaya prAmANika jIvana grantha prakAzita hue haiN| inameM ullekhanIya granthoM ke nAma haiM--pUjya zrI javAharalAlajI ma. sA. kI jIvanI (paM. zobhAcandra bhArilla, DA. indracanda zAstrI), pUjya gaNezAcArya jIvana carita (zrI devakumAra jaina), mukti ke patha para--zrI sujAnamala jI ma. sA. kI jIvanI (mani zrI lakSmIcandrajI ma.) amaratA kA pujArI-prAcArya zrI zobhAcanda jI ma. kI jIvanI (paM. duHkhamocana jhA), rAjasthAna kasarI-puSkara munijI ma. jIvanI aura vicAra (zrI rAjendra mani) yaga pradhAna zrI jinacandrasUri (zrI agaracanda bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA), prAcArya tulasIH jIvana darzana (mani zrI baddhamala jI), divyatapodhana-tapasvI zrI veNIcandajI ma. kI jIvanI (mani zrI mahendra kumArajI "kamala"), divya jIvana-zrI vijaya vallabha sUri jI ma. kI jIvanI (zrI javAharacanda paTanI),jaya dhvaja-prAcArya zrI jayamalla jI ma. kA jIvana vRtta, (gulAbacanda jaina) jaina kokilA sAdhvI zrI vicakSaNazrI jI ma. kI jIvanI (bhaMvarI devI rAmapuriyA), sAdhanA patha kI amara sAdhikA-mahAsatI zrI pannA devI jI ma. kI jIvanI (sAdhvo saralA, sAdhvI candanA), mahAsatI zrI jasakavara-eka virATa vyaktitva (AryA premakuvara), vizva cetanA ke manasvI saMta mani zrI suzIla kumAra jI kI jIvanI (muni zrI samanta bhadra), upAdhyAya zrI pyAracandajI ma. kA jIvana-caritra (ratanalAla sNghvii)| svatantra jIvanI granthoM ke atirikta sambaddha mahApuruSoM aura sAhityakAroM ke kRtitva aura vyaktitva kI vivecanA karane vAle samIkSA granthoM meM bhI jIvanI aMza diyA jAtA rahA hai| isI taraha mahApuruSoM kI smati yA unake abhinandana meM prakAzita kiye jAne vAle smati granthoM va abhinandana granthoM meM bhI jIvanI kA prAmANika aMza jar3A rahatA hai| aise samIkSA grantha evaM abhinandana grantha bhI kaI prakAzita hue haiN| ina jIvanI granthoM meM jIvanI nAyaka ke vyaktitva ke bahiraMga pakSa meM una ke janma, bAlyakAla, vairAgya, sAdhanA, saMyama, vihAra, jana-samparka, dharmapracAra, dharma parivAra Adi kA tathA antaraMga pakSa meM unake prAMtarika guNoM aura mahattvapUrNa vicAroM kA sundara vivecana-saMkalana kiyA jAtA hai / /

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(1) nibandha-pravacana :-gadya vidhAmoM meM sarvAdhika zaktipUrNa maura prasaraNazIla vidhA nibandha hai| sAhitya kI anya vidhAmoM meM to gama ko bhASA eka mAdhyama mAtra kA kAma karato hai kintu nibandha meM vaha apanI pUrNa zakti vasAmaya ke sAtha prakaTa hotI hai, isIliye nibandha ko gadya kI kasoTI kahA gayA hai| yoM nibandha kA nizcita viSaya nahIM hotaa| sabhI prakAra ke viSaya nibandha ke liye upayogI ho sakate haiM kintu zailI ko ramaNIyatA aura sarasatA.. nibandha kA anivArya aMga hai| viSaya kI dRSTi se nibandha sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, rAjanItika, aitihAsika, vaijJAnika, mAthika, dhArmika, sAhityika Adi aneka prakAra ke ho sakate haiM phira bhI vidvAnoM ne sthala rUpa se nibandhoM ke pAMca prakAra batAye haiM-varNanAtmaka, vivaraNAtmaka, bhAvAtmaka, vicArAtmaka aura hAsya-vyaMgyAtmaka/varNanAtmaka nibandhoM meM dazya jagata kI kisI vastu yA sthala kA sajIva varNana kiyA jAtA hai| vivaraNAtmaka nibandha meM vicAroM ko prastuta karane kA DhaMga sUcyAtmaka hotA hai / inameM itivRttAtmakatA evaM kathAtmakatA ke tatva bhI samAviSTa rahate hai| bhAvAtmaka nibandhoM meM bauddhikatA kI apekSA anubhUti tatva kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| yahAM lekhaka ke hRdaya se nisRta bhAvadhArA hI vicAra sUtra kA niyantraNa karatI hai| vicArAtmaka nibandhoM meM hRdaya ke sthAna para buddhi kI pradhAnatA hotI hai| inameM adhyayana kI vyApakatA, gambhIratA aura bhASA kI samAhAra-zakti apekSita hotI hai| hAsya-vyaMgyAtmaka nibandhoM meM viSaya halke aura zailI sarasa kintu tIkhI hotI hai| aise nibandha eka mora jovana kI Uba aura thakAna ko dara kara svastha manoraMjana kI pUrti karate haiM tathA dUsarI bhora samAja, dharma, prazAsana mAdi meM vyApta kurItiyoM, rUr3hiyoM aura duravasthA para tova coTa karate haiN| uparyukta vivecana ke pariprekSya meM jaba hama rAjasthAna ke jaina nibandhakAroM para daSTipAta karate haiM to nibandha kalA para khare utarane vAle nibandhoM kI saMkhyA virala hai| yoM jaina patrapanikAyoM ke mAdhyama se prati mAha saMpAdakIya TippaNiyoM bhora dhArmika, sAmAjika, dArzanika sAMskRtika nibandhoM ke rUpa meM kAphI sAmagrI chapatI rahatI hai para inameM se adhikAMza sAmAnya koTi ke lakha hote haiN| bhAvAtmaka aura hAsya-vyaMgyAtmaka nibandha to bahuta hI kama haiN| adhikAMza nibandha jaina tatva jJAna se sambandhita hote haiN| sAmAjika bhAvabhabhi ko lekara likhe jAne vAle nibandhoM kI saMkhyA bhI paryApta hai| nibandha-lekhana meM gahasthoM kA hI vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| jaina-saMta apanI maryAdA meM baMdhe rahane ke kAraNa sAmAnyataH sIdhe nibandha nahIM likhte| nibandha sAhitya kI isa kamI ko pUrA kiyA hai pravacana sAhitya ne| nibandha paura pravacana kA mUla mantara isakI racanA prakriyA meM hai| nibandha sAmAnyataH lekhaka svayaM likhatA hai yA bolakara dUsare se likhavAtA hai para prabacana-eka prakAra kA prAdhyAtmika bhASaNa hai jo zrotA maNDalI meM diyA jAtA hai| yaha sAmAnya vyakti dvArA diyA gayA sAmAnya bhASaNa nhoN| kiso jJAno, sAdhaka evaM antarmukhI cintanazIla vyakti kI vANI hA pravacana kahalAtI hai| isame eka paddhata bala, viziSTa preraNA mora mAntarika sAdhanA kA camatkAra piAhatA hai| zrotA ke hRdaya ko sIdhA sparza kara use prAndolita-viloDita karane kI kSamatA usameM nihita hai,tI hai| jaina saMta-satiyAM AdhyAtmika-patha para bar3hane vAlI jAgarUka prAtmAeM haiN| unakI anubhUta vANI pravacana kI saccI prAdhikAriNI hai| jaina dharma loka-dharma hai va loka-bhUmi para pratiSThita hai| loka-mAnasa taka apanI bAta pahuMcAne ke liye jainAcArya aura jaina saMta loka bhASA meM hI apanA pravacana dete rahe haiN| svatantratA ke pUrva taka rAjasthAna ke adhikAMza jaina sAMgharAjasthAnI meM hI pravacana diyA karate the para jyoM jyoM hindI kA pracAra-prasAra bar3hatA gayA, unhoMne hindI ko abhivyakti kA mAdhyama bnaayaa| cAturmAsa kAla meM to pratidina niyamita rUpa se vyAMcyAna hote hI haiM, usa ke bAda bhI zeSakAla

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:266 meM grAmAnugrAma vicaraNa karate hue bhI vyAkhyAna dene kA krama jArI rahatA hai| rAjasthAna meM *kar3oM vyAkhyAnI sAdha haiM ataH yadi lipibaddha kiyA jAe to pravacana-sAhitya prati varSa dipaka parimANa meM sAmane prA sakatA hai| para vartamAna meM sarvatra aisI vyavasthA nahIM hai| jo prabhAvazAlI prAcArya aura saMta haiM, unake cAturmAsa kAlIna pravacanoM ko lipibaddha karane kI mADI- kahIM vyavasthA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa saMpAdita hokara kaI pravacana-saMgraha prakAzita hae.lokana aprakAzita pravacana-sAhitya bar3I mAtrA meM saMrakSita hai| jo jvacana-saMcAlana pramANita hue hai unameM pramukha haiM-javAhara kiraNAvalI bhAga 1-35 (AcArya zrI javAharalAlajI), saMskRti kA rAjamArga, prAtma darzana (AcArya zrI gaNezIlAlajI ma.), divAkara divya jyoti bhAga 1-21 (jana divAkara zrI cauthamalajI ma.), hIraka pravacana bhAga 1-10 (zrI hIrAlAlajI na.), pravacana DAyarI bhAga 1-4(prAcArya zrI tulasI), prAdhyAtmika prAloka bhAga 1-4. mAyAtmikasAdhanA bhAga 1-2, prArthanA-pravacana, gajendra vyAkhyAnamAlA bhAga 1-3(prAcArya zrI hastImalajI ma.), sAdhanA ke sUtra, antara kI ora bhAga-1-2 (zrI gadha kara muni) pravacana bhA, pravacana sudhA, dhavala jJAna dhArA, sAdhanA ke patha para, jIvana jyoti (marudhara kesarI zrI mizrImara jI ma.), pAvasa pravacana bhAga 1-5, tApa aura tapa, samatA darzana aura vyavahAra, zAnti ke sopAna (sarAcArya zrI nAnAlAlajI ma.), jindagI kI muskAna, sAdhanA kA rAja mAna(zrIkara maNikA aura pAloka (sAdhvI zrI umarAva kuMvarajI), paryuSaNa pArAdhanA, durlabha maMga catuSTaya (zAbI bhI manAsundarIjI) / saMkSepa meM pravacana sAhitya kI vizeSatAoM ko isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai :--- . (1) inameM kisI zAstrIya viSaya ko bar3I gaharAI ke sAtha uTAkara kisoratira kathAnaka yA prasaMga ke mAdhyama se isa prakAra prA bar3hAyA jAtA hai ki vaha kathA thA prasaMga apane mala Agamika bhAva ko spaSTa karatA hayA hamAre vartamAna jIvana kI samasyAmoM evaM ulajhanoM kA bhI samAdhAna detA calatA hai| (3) inake viSaya una pravRttiyoM aura vicAroM se sambandha hote haiM jinase vyakti ko apanA pAntarika jIvana zuddha, samAja ko svasthya aura pragatizIla tathA sarvajAti samabhAva, sarva dharma samabhAba paura vizvamaMtrI bhAva jAgata karane kI preraNA milatI hai| (3) ye pravacana mUlataH AdhyAtmika hone para bhI sagasAnayika jIvana saMdarbho aura vizva samasyAoM se jur3e hote haiN| inameM prAtmAnuzAsana, vizvabandhupa, ekatA, kA sahayoga, sahaastitva jaisI jIvana nirmANakArI aura bihArI bhAvanAmoM para vizeSa bala hone se inakI apIla sadaM jana-hitakAro aura kAhi mukta hotI hai| (4) ye pravacana pravacanakAra kI padayAtrA ke anubhavoM ko sAjagI, kAsAra rama kI pavitratA, prasaMgAnukUla asarakAraka kathAnoM, dRSTAntoM aura rUpakoM se eka hote ye pravacana prAlaMkArika banAva zRMgAra se pare dhanamati kI gaharAI, prataspauM mArmikatA, jJAta-ajJAta kaviyoM kI padAvalI, lokadhanoM.vividha-rAga-rAginiyoM, saMskRta zlokoM, prAkRta gAthAbhoMaura marmaspazI sUktiyoM se rahate haiN| sAdhAraNa kathya maura ghaTanA meM bhI ye prANa phUMka dete haiM jo jIvana mor3a kA kAraNa banatA hai|

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"867 (ca) zodha-samAlocanA :-yoM to jaina bhAgamoM, dArzanika aura tAtvika pranyoM kI vyAkhyA-vivecanA (TAkA-bhASya) ke rUpa meM zodha kI pravRtti prAcIna kAla se calI pArahI hai| para usa pravatti kA kSetra mukhyataH dhArmika aura dArzanika jagata taka hI sImita rahA hai| lambe samaya taka jaina sAhitya ko kevala dhArmika sAhitya kahakara upekSA kI jAtI rahI para baba pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA dhyAna Agama granthoM aura unake samIkSAtmaka adhyayana tathA hastalikhita jaina granthoM ke sUnIkaraNa kI ora gayA to jaina sAhitya kA dAyarA vyApaka humA aura zodha kI dizAeM vistRta hii| idhara hindI sAhitya ke prAdikAla kI adhikAMza AdhArabhUta sAmagrI jaina sAhityakAra dvArA hI rajita milI hai| jaina apabhraMza sAhitya dhArA ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa hone lagA ki hindI ke saMta kAvya, premAkhyAnaka kAvya aura bhakti kAvya ke racanA tantra mAra zilpavidhAna para jaina sAhitya kA vyApaka prabhAva hai| prAcIna itihAsa, saMskRti paura purAtatva tathA bhAratIya darzana ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana meM bhI jaina Agama aura purANa anyoM kA upayoga karane kI pravRtti vizeSa bar3I hai| ina saba kA pariNAma yaha huA ki aba jaina vAMDa maya dhantara anuzAsanIya zodha-kSetra kA mukhya AdhAra bana gayA hai / jaina sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga aba bhI ajJAta aura aprakAzita hai| rAjasthAna meM saikar3oM mandira, upAzraya aura sthAnaka haiM jahAM hastalikhita pAMDulipiyoM ke rUpa meM yaha mUlyavAna sAhitya saMgRhIta-saMrakSita hai| yaha sAhitya kevala dhArmika nahA hai aura na kevala jana dharma se hI sambandhita haiN| inameM sAhitya ke atirikta itihAsa, darzana, bhUgola, Ayurveda, jyotiSa bhAdi kI alabhya sAmagrI chipI par3I hai| inakA samuddhAra kiyA jAnA mAvazyaka hai| vizvavidyAlaya stara para aba taka jaina vidyA ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI svatantra vyavasthA mahone se jana zodha kI pravatti vaijJAnika rUpa dhAraNa na kara skii| prasannatA kA viSaya hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500 veM parinirvANa varSa ke upalakSya meM rAjasthAna sarakAra ke sahayoga se rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura tathA udayapura vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura meM jaina anuzIlana kendra kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| isase nizcaya hI jaina zodha kI sambhAvanAmoM ke mayedvAra leNge| jaina vidyA kA vyavasthita adhyayana-adhyApana na hone para bhI zodha kSetra meM rAjasthAna prajagI hai| isakA mukhya kAraNa yahAM paryApta saMkhyA meM hastalikhita grantha bhaMDAroM kA honA hai| kaI saMsthAeM aura vyakti zodha kArya meM manoyoga pUrvaka lage hae haiN| zodharata saMsthAnoM meM pramukha haiM-zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI dvArA saMcAlita sAhitya zodha vibhAga, mahAvIra bhavana, jayapura, prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra zodha pratiSThAna, lAla bhavana jayapura; jIna itihAsa samiti, jayapura; jaina vizva bhAratI lADanUM; apaya jaina granthAlaya, biikaaner| zodharata vidvAnoM meM mahatvapUrNa nAma haiM-muni zrI jinavijayajI, muni zrI kalyANa vijAjIpatizrI kAnti sAgarajI.paM.ghAsIlAlajI sa..prAcArya zrI prastImalajI ma.. pAnA bhI tulaso, muni zrI nathamalajI, muni zrI nagarAjajI, muni zrI bukhamalajI, muni dhIladhamodandajI ma., zrI devendra ma ni jI, zrI bhagaracanda nAhaTA, zrI bhaMvaralAla mAhaTA, DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, zrI zrIcanda rAmapuriyA, DA. marendra bhAnAvata, mahopAdhyAya vizya sAgara, hA. prema sumana jaina zrAdi / saMkSepa meM jaina zodha-pavRttiyoM ko isa prakAra rakhA jA sakatA hai (1) rAjasthAna ke jJAna bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hastalikhita paridhipiyoM kA vistRta sUcIkaraNa aura prakAzana /

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268 (3) hastalikhita pratiyoM ke prAdhAra para mahatvapUrNa kaviyoM kI racanAoM kA vyavasthita saMkalana, sampAdana aura vistRta bhUmikA ke sAtha kavi ke kRtitva kA samIkSAtmaka . muulyaaNkn| (9) jaina mAgamoM kA vaijJAnika paddhati se prAmANika sampAdana, TippaNa, samIkSaNa paura hindI meM anuvAdana / (4) jaina dharma kA prAmANika itihAsa lekhana aura itihAsa kI prAdhAra bhUta sAmagrI ke rUpa meM paTTAvaliyoM, abhilekhoM Adi kA saMkalana-sampAdana / (5) jaina darzana, sAhitya, tatvajJAna Adi se sambaddha samIkSAtmaka, tulanAtmaka bhaura mAdhunika vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM pustaka-nibandha lekhana / (6) jaina pAribhASika zabdoM aura tatva vizeSa ko lekara koza-nirmANa / uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki rAjasthAna meM jaina sAhitya kI padya aura gadya viSayaka pravRttiyAM mAtrAtmaka aura guNAtmaka donoM dRSTiyoM se mAnavatAvAdI sAhitya nirmANa kI mora satata agrasara haiN| unameM nirI dhAmikatA ke sthAna para udAtta va vaiyaktikatA ke mAramarakSI dAyare se nikala kara sAmahikatA ke vyApaka kSetra meM praveza kara rahI hai|

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hindI jaina sAhitya aura sAhityakAra-2 agaravAda na haTA mahopAdhyAya vinaya sAgara rAjasthAna prAnta ja kaI vibhAgoM meM vibhakta thA taba jo pradeza braja va paMjAba ke mAsapAsa kA thA usameM hindI kA prabhAva va pracAra adhika rahA, jo pradeza gajarAta se saMlagna thA vahAM para gujarAtI bhASA kA prabhAva adhika rahA jo svAbhAvika hI hai| bAkI sAre pradeza ko bhASA ko rAjasthAno kahA jAtA hai, jisako kaI zAkhAye va bAliyAM haiN| rAjasthAnI bhASA kA prAcIna nAma maru yA mAravAr3I bhASA thA / __hindI mUlataH jise khar3I bolI kahA jAtA hai, vaha to musalamAnI sAmrAjya ke samaya vikasita huii| braja hindI kA dUsarA sAhityika rUpa hai| prAcIna hindI sAhitya savadhika braja bhASA kA hai jise kaI granthoM meM "gvAlaro" nAma bhI diyA gayA hai, kyoMki gvAliyara ke AsapAsa ke kSetra meM isa bhASA kA adhika pracAra va prasAra rahA hai| rAjasthAna ke bhI kaI sAhityakAroM ne "gvAlerI bhASA" kA ullekha kiyA hai| hindI sAhitya vaise avadhI Adi meM bhI milatA hai,para rAjasthAna meM braja bhASA aura khar3I bolI, hindI ko ina donoM upa-bhASAmoM kA hI adhika prasAra rahA hai| mugala sAmrAjya ke samaya se rAjasthAna meM hindI kA pracAra bar3hatA rhaa| isaliye hindI jana kavi saM. 1600 ke bAda ke hI adhika milate haiN| isase pahale kI sArI racanAyeM rAjasthAnI meM haiN| abhI taka jo zvetAmbara hindI kaviyoM ke sambandha meM khoja huI hai, unameM sarvaprathama kavi mAladeva haiN| ye apane samaya ke bahuta samartha kavi the| usakA bhAra unakI racanAoM kA samucita vivaraNa nIce diyA jA rahA hai: 1. kavi mAladeva baDagaccha kI bhaTanera zAkhA ke prabhAvazAlI AcArya mAvadevasari ke ziSya the| inhoMne apanI racanAmoM meM apanA saMkSipta nAma "mAla" kA upayoga kiyA hai| bhaTanera, sarasA ke AsapAsa isa gaccha kA aura isa kavi kA adhika vicaraNa tathA adhika prabhAva rahA hai| yadyapi sarasA abhI hariyANA pradeza meM hai kintu pahale rAjasthAna vizeSataH bIkAnera ke rAjAoM se hI zAsita thaa| kavi ne apane gaccha aura guru ke sivAya apanA vizeSa paricaya racanAmoM meM nahIM diyA hai| racatA kAla kA ullekha bhI kevala do racanAoM meM kiyA hai| saM. 1612-1668 arthAt 56 varSa taka kavi racanA karatA rahA hai| isa lamba kAla ko dekhate hue to unako racanAyeM bahuta adhika milanI cAhiye, parantu bhaTanero baDagaccha zAkhA kA bhaNDAra surakSita nahIM rahane se kavi kI choTI-bar3I 30-40 racanAya ho aba taka upalabdha haI haiN| prAkRta, saMskRta aura hindI rAjasthAnI meM gadya aura padya meM kavi likhatA rahA hai| yahAM vo unameM se hindI racanAoM kA vivaraNa denA hI abhISTa hai| yadyapi kavi rAjasthAna kA hone ke kAraNa isakA hindI rAjasthAnI mizrita hai, phira bhI anya rAjasthAnI kaviyoM kI apekSA kati racanAmoM meM hindI kohI pradhAnatA hai| kavi kI adhikAMza racanAyeM maprakAzita haiN| usakI 369

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270 racanAoM meM sarvAdhika prasiddha puraMdara caupaI hai| gujarAta ke kavi RSabhadAsa ne bhI "sukavi" ke rUpa meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai| racanAmoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai :(1) bIrAMgada caupaI, padya saM. 758, ra. sa. 1612, (2) bhaviSya-bhaviSyA kopaI, padya saM. 647, saM. 1668 paMcaura, racanA kAla ke ullekha vAlI pahalI racanA vIrAMganIpaI aura aMtima racanA bhaviSyabhaviSyA paI hai| isakI usI samaya kI likhita prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya meM hai| (3) vikrama caupaI, 7 prastAvoM aura 1725 padyoM meM hai| (4) bhoja caupaI, yaha bhI cAra khaNDoM meM evaM 1700 padyoM meM hai aura paMcapUra meM racI gaI hai| (5) amarasena vaparasena caupaI, 410 padyoM meM racita hai| yaha racanA zIladevasUri ko prAjJA se raco gaI hai ataH saM. 1624 ke bAda ko hai| (6) kotighara sukauzala muni sambandha, padya 427 hai| (7) sthUlabhadra dhamAla, padya 101, yaha prAcIna phAgu saMgraha meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| (8) rAjula nami dhamAla, padya 631 (9) neminAtha navabhava rAsa, padya 230 / (10) devadatta caupaI, padya 530 / (11) dhanadeva padmaratha caupii| (12) aMjanAsundarI caupaI, pa. 158 / (13) narmadA sundarI gopii| (14) purandara caupaI, padya 37 / (15) padmAvatI padmazrI rAsa, padya 815 / (16) mRgAMka-padmAvatI rAsa, para 487 / (17) mAla zikSA caupaI, padya 67 | "(18) zIla bAvanI / (19) satya kI caupaI, padma 446 / (20) surasundara rAjarSi dhaupaI, padya 669 / (21) mahAvIra pAraNA aura stavana sahAya-pada prAdhi pApake racita prApta hai| ' 2. samayasundara rAjasthAna ke mahAkaviyoM meM mahopAdhyAya samayasundara bahuta bar3e granthakAra hue haiM, jinakI 563 lagha racanAoM kA saMgraha inakI vistata jIvanI aura racanAoM kI sUcI ke sAtha "samayasundara kRti kusumAJjalI" nAmaka pustaka meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| saM. 1649 meM apane praguru yugapradhAna jinacandra sUri jI ke sAtha lAhora meM samrATa akabara se kavi kA paricaya huA thA aura vahAM samrATa ke kAzmIra prayANa ke samaya "rAjAno dadate saupyam" ke 10 lAkhasartha kiye the| tabhI se kavi kI racanAoM meM kaI to hindI kI hI haiM aura kaI rAjasthAnI meM hone para bhI hindI kA prabhAva pAyA jAtA hai ! jinacandrasUri aura akabara ke milana sambandhI praSTaka meM sarvaprathama hindI bhASA kA prayoga huA hai| prataH eka padya namUne ke taura para nIce diyA jA rahA hai : e jI saMtana ke mukha vANI suNI, jiNacanda maNida mahaMta yati, tapa jApa karai guru gurjara maiM, pratibodhata hai bhavikusumati / saba hI cita cAhana drUpa bhaI, samayasundara ke pramu gacchApati, paThai patisAhi majabba ko chApa, bolAe guru gajarAja gati // 1 // saM. 1658 meM ahamadAbAda meM racita hone para bhI kavi ne cIbIsI kI racanA hindI meM kI hai| "dhra pada chattIsI" aura kaI bhakti pada kavi ke race hue bahuta hI bhavya evaM yAkarSaka hai| udAharaNa ke taura para eka pada yahAM diyA jA rahA hai:

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271 merI jIyu Arati kAi gharai / jaisA vakhata maI likhati vidhAtA, tiga maI kucha na TaraI / meM 1 kaI cakravartI sira chatra dharAvata, kei kaNa mAMgata phirai / hs sukhie kei dukhie dekhata, te saba karama karai me. 21 AratI aMdoha chori de jIyurA, rovata na rAja carai / samayasundara kahA jo sukha vaMchata, tara kari bhrama cita kharai / me. 31 kavi samayasundara kA janma sAMcora meM huA thA / rAjasthAna meM vicaraNa karate hue mApane bahuta sI mahatvapUrNa racanAyeM kI haiM / inakA vizeSa paricaya saMskRta aura rAjasthA mI vibhAga meM diyA jA cukA hai / 3. jina rAjari akabara pratibodhaka yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri ke ye praziSya the / saM. 1647 meM bIkAnera boyarA dharmasI kI patnI dhAraladevI kI kukSi se zrApakA janma huA thA / 10 varSa kI alpAyu meM jaina ma uni dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| inakA dokSAnAma rAjasamudra rakhA gayA thA / ye prapane samaya ke bahuta bar3e vidvAna aura sukavi the / saM. 1674 meM mer3atA meM zrApako prAcArya pada milA thA / inhoMne kAvya para 36000 zloka pramANa kI saMskRta TIkA banAI aura gAMgANI ke prAcIna lekhoM ko paDhA thA / saM. 1686 AgarA meM ye samrATa zAhajahAM se mile the| inakI "zAlibhada caupaI" sarvAdhika prasiddha racanA hai / usake sAtha bAkI racanAoM kA saMgraha bhI "jinarAjasUri kRti saMgraha" meM prakAzita kiyA jA cukA rAjasthAnI ke sAtha-sAtha Apane hindI meM bhI bahuta ' se sundara padoM kI racanA kI hai, unameM se rAmAyaNa saMbandhI eka pada nIce diyA jA rahA hai: maMdodarI bAra bAra ima bhAkhara / dasa siri aru gaDha laMkA cAhai, tara para strI jana rAkhai (maM. 1) palaya divasa vibhISaNa palaTayau, pAja jaladhi pari jhAkhaha / bauva per3a Aka ke prAMgaNa, aMba kihAM thai cAkhaha | maM. 21 jItI jAI sakai nahIM koU, bali ehi jagi AkhaI / 'rAja' vadata rAvaNa kyuM samajhai, hoNahAra laMkAkhada || maM. a 4. kavi dAmo ye maMca lagaccha ke vAcaka udayasAgara ke ziSya the / inakA dIkSA nAma dayAsAgara thA / saM. 1669 jAlora meM inhoMne 'madana narida caupaI" kI racanA kI jisake anta meM inhoMne mapade pUrva racita " madana - zataka" kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA hai: "madana zataka" nA dUhaDA, ekottara sau sAra / madana nArada taNa carita, maMI viracyaM vistAri // 165 || madanazataka hindI bhASA kA eka sundara prema kAvya hai / yaha bahuta lokapriya rahA hai| isakI anekoM hastalikhita pratiyAM bIkAnera kI anUpa saMskRta lAyabrerI, abhayajaina graMthAlaya Avi meM prApta haiM / jinameM se eka prati meM ATha citra bhI haiN| jaisAki uparokta uddharaNa meM likhA gayA hai ki isameM 101 dohe the, kintu Age calakara isakI padya saMkhyA meM bhI vRddhi huI aura gadya vArtA kA bhI isameM samAveza ho gyaa| AgarA vizvavidyAlaya ke "bhAratIya sAhitya" julAIakTUbara, 1962 ke aMka meM madanazataka prakAzita ho cukA hai, jisameM 132 patha aura vArtA bhI hai| isa racanA ke bIca meM guptalekha jo ratisundarI ne apane priyatama ko bhejA thA, vaha vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai / isa zataka kI hindI bhASA ke namUne ke rUpa meM eka padma aura vArtA uddhasa kI jA rahI hai:

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kiyA / 272 "viraha ANi upajI adhika, grahanisa dahe sarIra / sAhitra dehUM patAU kari darasana rUpI nora // 58|| vArtA kAgada bAccA | rAjA harSita bhayA / zubha mUharta paMca kanyA setI madana ko byAha karamovana arddha rAjya diyA / madana paMca stro ke saMga sukha bhoga / " 6 5. kavi kuzalalAbha ye kharataragaccha ke vAcaka abhayadharma ke ziSya the / "DholAmArU cauraI" Apako bahuta ho prasiddha racanA hai / rAjasthAna meM to ye ullekhanIya kavi the ho, para inakI eka hindI racanA " sthUlabhadra chattAso" bhI prApta hai jo abhaya jaina graMthAlaya, bIkAnera meM saMgRhIta hai / ke tora para prathama padya dekhiyeH- udAharaNa (1 'sArada zarada candra kari nirmala tAke caraNa kamala cita lAyaka / suNata saMtoSa huI zravaNa kuM nAgara catura sunaha cita cAyakaI / kuzalalAbha bullati Ananda bhari suguru pasAdi parama sukha pAyakaI / karahu thUlabhadra chatrIso prati sundara pada baMdha banAya kaI |1| adrasena kharataragaccha ke isa kavi kA nAmollekha saM. 1675 ke zatruMjaya zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA haiM / inako prasiddha racanA "candana malayAgiri caupaI" bIkAnera meM racI gaI, kyoMki isake prArambha meM kavi ne vikramapura kA ullekha kiyA hai| yaha racanA bahuta lokapriya rahI hai aura isakI kaI sacina pratiyAM bhI trAsa hai / isako eka sacitra prati prabhaya jaina graMthAlaya meM bhI prApta hai / zrI sAtabhAI navAba ne isakA sacitra saMskaraNa "zrAcArya AnandazaMkara dhruva smAraka grantha" meM man 1944 meM prakAzita kiyA thA / racanA dohA chanda meM hai, boca-bIca meM kucha gAthAyeM bhI pAI jAtA hai| prArambha ke 4 dohe uddhata kiye jA rahe haiM: we appr svasti zrI vikramapure, praNamI zrI jagadIza / tana mana jIvana sukhakaraNa, pUraNa jagata jagIsa 111 varadAyaka vara sarasatI, mati vistAraNa mAta / praNAmI mani dhara moda suM, haraNa vidhana saMghAta 121 mama upagArI parama guru, guNa akSara dAtAra / cAMdI tAke caraNa yuga, bhadrasena muni sAra | 3 | kahAM candana kahAM malayAgiri, kahAM sAyara kahAM nIra / kahi hai tAkI vAratA, suNau sabai varaMbIra 141 7 mAnasiMha 'mAna' kharataragaccha ke upAdhyAya zivanidhAna ke ziSya aura sukavi the / kavi kA dIkSAnAma mahimAsiMha thA / saM. 1670 se 1693 taka ko inakI bahuta sA racanAyeM prApta haiM, jinameM rAjasthAnI kAvya ho adhika hai / hindI ko bhI ApakI tIna racanAyeM milI haiM -- 1. yoga bAvanI, 2. utpattinAmA, zrIra 3. bhASA kavi rasa maMjarI / inameM se 'bhASA kavi rasa maMjarI' kI eka prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya meM hai / nAyaka-nAyikA varNana sambandhI isameM 107 padya haiN| zRMgAra rasa vAlI jaina kaviyoM kI aisI racanAyeM bahuta kama milatI haiM / racanA ke prAnta ke padya mIce diye jA rahe haiM:----

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273 sakala kalAnidhi vAdi gaja, paMcAnana paradhAna / zrI zivanidhAna pAThaka caraNa, praNamI vade muni mAna / / / nava aMkura jovana bhaI, lAla manohara hoi| kopi sarata bhUSaNa grahai, ceSTA mugdhA soi 120 X x X nAri nAri saba ko kahe, kiUMnAikAsU hoi| nija guNa bhani mati rIti dharo, mAna grantha avloi| 1071 8. udayarAja kharataragacchoya bhadrasAra ke ziSya udayarAja 17vIM ke uttarArgha ke acche kavi the| inakI rAjasthAnI racanAyeM saM. 1667 se 1676 taka kI prApta hai| isa kavi ne karIba 300 dohe bhI banAye haiN| hindI racanA meM "vaidya virahiNI prabandha" 78 padyoM meM hai| isako ekamAtra prati abhaya jaina granthAlaya meM prApta hai| 9. zrIsAra ye kharataragacchIya kSemakIrtizAkhA ke zrI ratnaharSajI ke ziSya the| inakI racanAoM kA racanAkAla 17vIM zatAbdI kA aMtima caraNa hai| Apa acche kavi aura gadyakAra the| prApakI rAjasthAnI meM choTI-moTI tIsoM kRtiyAM prApta hai| hindI meM ApakA kevala "raghunAtha vinoda" nAmaka grantha, apUrNa hI prApta hai| udAharaNa ke taura para eka padya dekhiye:-- yAM * ziva ziva kari ghyAvata hai zaivamatI, brahma brahma nAmakari veda mAMhi dhyaaiye| buddha buddha nAma lai lai dhyAvata hai baudhamatI, kRSNa kRSNa rAma rAma aise liva laaiye| ekAeka vItarAga dhyAve jina sAsanI, yuM allA akabara kahi kisahi btaaiye| kaha kavi sAra tIna loka ke hai nAtha eku, kathanI meM bheda tApeM nAma nyAre paaiye| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa racita kavitAvalI ke pakSa ke sAtha sItAgamana varNanAtmaka isa pazu ko tulanA kIjiye: kheda bhayo parasveda calyo kahi sAra kahAvata arachI khaanii| hAtha kaTI Daga dhyAri cala phira baiTha rahe raghunAtha ko raanii| pUche yajU jAIbo kitano aba dUri rahI apanI 'jdhaanii| naina sarovara nIra bhare chilakaM nikasa bhasaMvAM miso paanii||19|| 10. kavi kezava ye kharataragacchoya dayAratna ke ziSya the| inakA janma nAma kezava aura dIkSAnAra kIrtivardhana thaa| inhoMne "sadaivaccha sAmaliMgA caupaI" saM. 1697 meM racI, jo "sadayavasa prabandha" ke pariziSTa meM prakAzita hocakI hai| isa kavi na hindI meM bhI kaI ullekhanIya racanA kI haiM jinameM se "caturapriyA" nAyaka-nAyikA bheda sambandhI racanA do ullAsoM meM prApta hai / isakI padya saMkhyA 86 aura 48 hai| saM. 1704 meM isakI racanA pUrNa huI hai| isI kavi ne "janma prakAzikA" nAmaka jyotiSagrantha mer3atA ke saMghapati rAjasiMha, amIpAla, vIrapAla ke liye 278 dohoM meM racI hai| isI taraha kavi ko tIna anya racanAyeM dohA chaMda meM racita prApta hai1. bhramara battIsI 2. dIpaka battosI aura 3. prIta chttiisii| ina tInoM racanAmoM meM pIche se svayaM kavi ne kaI dohe banAkara baDhA diye haiN| isIliye bhramarabattIso meM 48 pora prota chattIgI meM 52 dohe milate haiN|

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274 11. kavi jasarAja (jinaharSa) ye kharataragacchIya zAntiharSa ke ziSya the| inakA prasiddha nAma jasarAja aura dIkSA nAma jinaharSa thaa| prArambhika jIvana to rAjasthAna meM ghUmate hI bItA aura pichale kaI varSa gujarAta-pATana meM rhe| rAjasthAnI bhASA ke to ye bahuta bar3e kavi the| inakI racanAoM kA parimANa lagabhaga eka lAkha zloka kA hai| choTI-moTI karIba 500 racanAyeM inakI prApta haiN| saM. 1704 se 1763 taka kI inakI racanAyeM milatI haiM, arthAta 60 varSa taka ye nirantara sAhitya sarjana karate rahe haiN| isa mahAkavi ke sambandha meM DA. IzvarAnanda zarmA ne zodha prabandha likhakara pI-eca-DI prApta kI hai| rAjasthAnI ke atirikta hindI meM bhI inhoMne kaI ullekhanIya racanAyeM kI hai| inameM se "nanda bahottarI' saM. 1714 vIlhAvAsa meM racI gaI hai| isameM naMdavaza ke mahArAjA nanda aura usake mantrI virocana kI rocaka kathA 72 dohoM meM hai| inakI dUsarI racanA 'jasarAja bAvanI' 57 savaiyA chaMdoM meM saM. 1738 meM racI gaI hai| tIsarI racanA 'dohA bAvanI' saM. 1730 meM racI gaI hai| cauthI racanA 'upadeza chattIsI' 36 savaiyA chaMdoM meM saM. 1713 meM racI gaI hai| inake atirikta cauvIsa tIrthakaroM ke cauvIsa pada, bArahamAsA dvaya, panaraha tithi kA sarvayA Adi kaI hindI racanAyeM 'jinaharSa granthAvalI' meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| inameM se upadeza chattIsI kA eka chaMda udAharaNa ke taura para diyA jA rahA hai:--- jaise aMjurI ko nIra koU gaha naradhIra, china china jAi vIra rAkhyo na rahAta hai| tase ghaTi jai hai AU koTika karo upAU, thira raha nahIM sahI bAtana kI bAta hai| aise jIva jANi ke sukRta kari dhari mana, samatA mai ramatA rahe to nIki ghAta hai| prathira dehI suM upagAra yau hoM sAra jina harakha suthira jasa mauna maiM lahAtu hai / / 25 / / 12. Anandaghana inakA mUlanAma lAbhAnanda thaa| saM. 1730 ke AsapAsa mer3atA meM inakA svargavAsa huA thaa| bar3e adhyAtmayogI puruSa the| inakI cauvIsI aura pada bahutarI bahuta hI prasiddha hai| vaise padoM kI saMkhyA karIbana 150 taka pahuMca cukI hai| inameM se kaI pada anya kaviyoM ke racita hone para bhI inake nAma se prasiddha ho gae haiN| inake padoM meM se eka prasiddha pada nIce diyA jA rAma kahA~ rahimAna kahau, kou kAnha kahI mahAdeva rii| pArasanAtha kaho koU brahmA, sakala brahma svameva rI // rAma .1 / / bhAjana bheda kahAvata nAnA, eka mRttikA rUpa rii| taise khaNDa kalapanA ropita, Apa akhaNDa sarUpa rii||raam. 20 nija pada ramai rAma so kahiya, rahama kara rahamAna rI / . kara karama kAnha so kahiya, mahAdeva niravANa rI ||raam. 3 // parasa rUpa so pArasa kahiya, brahma cinha so brahma rI / ihavidha sAdhyo pApa prAnandaghana, cetanamaya niHkarmarI ||raam.4|| . jana darzana zAstra ke mahAvidvAn upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ne AnandadhanajI kI jo bhAvapUrNa aSTapadI kI racanA kI hai, usase prAnandaghanajI kI mahAnatA aura viziSTatA kA sahaja hI patA cala jAtA hai|

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215 13. mAnavavardhana ye kharataragacchIya mahimAsAgara ke ziSya the| inakI saM. 1702 se 1726 taka kI racanAyeM prApta hai| inameM se kucha hindI racanAyeM ullekhanIya haiN| jaina samAja meM bhaktAmara aura kalyANamandira do stotra atyanta prasiddha haiM, inakA Apane hindI padyAnuvAda kiyA hai| bhaktAmara padya kA eka udAharaNa prastuta hai: praNamata bhagata amara vara sira pura, amita mukuTa mani jyoti ke jagAvanA, harata sakala pApa rUpa aMdhakAra dala, karata udyota jagi tribhuva na paavnaaN| ise AdinAtha jakecarana kamala jaga, sUvadhi praNami kari kacha bhAvanAM, bhavajala parata larata jana udharata, jugAdi mAnanda kara sundara suhaavnaaN| 1 / 14. mahimasamudra (jina-samudrasUri) ye kharataragaccha kI begaDa zAkhA ke prAcArya jinacandrasUri ke ziSya the| ye bhI rAjasthAnI aura acche kavi the| inake sambandha meM rAjasthAnI (nibandha-mAlA) bhAga 2 meM lekha prakAzita ho cukA hai| hindI bhASA meM bhI Apane kaI ullekhanIya racanAyeM kI haiM jinameM se bharta hari "vairAgya zataka"para 'sarvArthasiddhi maNimAlA" nAmaka vistRta TIkA hai| isakI racanA saM. 1740 meM haI haiN| svataMtra ullekhanIya kRtiyoM meM 'tatvaprabodha nATaka saM. 1730 jaisalamera meM racita hai| isakI tatkAlIna likhita prati prApta hai| anya racanAoM meM "neminAtha bArahamAsA" "nArI gajala" "vaidyacintAmaNi" (samudraprakAza siddhAnta) Adi sphuTa kRtiyeM bhI prApta haiN| vaidya cintAmaNi kI abhI taka pUrNa prati prApta nahIM huI hai| 18 vIM zatAbdI ke gadya ke namUne ke rUpa meM vairAgya zataka TIkA kA aMza uddhRta hai: "aba zrI varAgyazataka ke viSa tRtIya prakAza bakhAnyau to aba anaMtari cothA prakAza guvAlerI bhASA kari bakhAnatA huuN| prathama zAstrokta SaDabhASA choDi kari yA apabhraMza bhASA vIci aisA graMtha kI TIkA karaNI parIsu kauna vAstA tAkA bheda batAvatA hai ju ura bhASA SaTa hai tAkA nAma kahatA hai|" 15. lakSmIvallabha ye kharataragacchIya kSemakIrti zAkhA ke lakSmIkIrti ke ziSya the| inakA mUla nAma "hemarAja" aura upanAma "rAjakavi" thaa| saMskRta, rAjasthAnI aura hindI tInoM bhASAoM meM inhoMne kAphI racanAya kI hai| hindI racanAoM meM vaidyaka sambandhI do racanAyeM haiM:-1. mana parIkSA, padya 36 aura 2. kAla jJAna, padya 178, saM. 1741 meM racita / inakI dUhA bAvanI,dahA 58;hemarAja bAvanI, savaiyA 573; cauvIsI stavana ; navatatva bhASA bandha, padya 82, saM. 17473;bhAvanA vilAsa, padya 52, saM. 1727%; nemi rAjula bArahamAsA Adi hindI kI anya racanAyeM bhI prApta hai| inameM se bhAvanA vilAsa kA prathama padya udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta hai: praNamI caraNa yuga pAsa jinarAja jU ke, vidhna ke cUraNa haiM pUraNa haiM pAsa ke / dRDha dila mAMjhi dhyAna dhari zrutadevatA ko, sevata saMpUrana ho manoratha dAsa ke / jJAna dRga dAtA guru bar3I upagArI mere, dinakara jaise dIpe jJAna prakAza ke / inake prasAda kavirAja sadA sukha kAja, savIye banAvati bhAvanA vilAsa ke / 1 /

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376 16. dharmasI (dharmavardhana) __meM kharataragaccha ke u. vijayaha ke ziSya the| saMskRta, hindI aura rAjasthAnI tIna' bhASAoM meM inhoMne utkRSTa racanAyeM kii| ye bIkAnera rAjamAnya kavi the| aApakI hinda racanAoM meM "dharmabAnI" saM. 1725riNI meM racI gii| isameM praupadezaka 57 savaiye hai| isarI racanA dambhaThiyA caupaI saM. 1740 kI hai| tathA saudIsa jina pada, caudIsa jina savaiyA, mirAjula bArahamAnA aura kucha prabodhaka pada bhI prApta hai| inameM se bArahamAsA kA eka palA moce ur3ata kiyA jA rahA hai: apane guNa dha dIye jala ku, tinakI jala nai puni prIti phailaaii| dUdha ke dAha kuM dUra karAi, tahAM jala ApanI deha jlaaii| nIra vichoha bhI khIra sahai nahIM, UphaNi Avata haiM akuulaaii| saina milyai phuni caina laha yo tiNa, aisI dharmasa prIti bhalAI / 6 / inakI racanAoM kA saMgraha "dharmavarddhana granthAvalI" ke nAma se prakAzita ho cukA hai| 17. vinayacanda ye kharataragacchIya upAdhyAya jJAnatilaka ke ziSya the| rAjasthAna ke uttama kaviyoM meM inakA sthAna hai| inakI prApta racanAoM kA saMgraha 'vinayacandra kRti kusumAMjalI' ke nAma se prakAzita ho cukA hai| nemi rAjImatI bArahamAsA aura 'rahanemi rAjula sajjhAya' ye donoM hindI kI bahuta sundara racanAyeM haiN| ina donoM racanAoM ke eka-eka udAharaNa prasta hai: dihaM disai jaladhara dhAra dIsata hAra ke AkAra / tA vIci pahuM nahIM kabahI sUI ko sNcaar| sA lagata hai jhararATa karatI madhyavaratI bAna / bhara mAsa bhAdrava dravata aMbara sarara rasa kI khAna 131 ___+ + + + saji bUnda sArI harSakArI bhUmi nArI heta / bharalAya nirjhara jharata jharajhara sajana jalada aseta / dhana ghaTA gajita ghaTA tajita bhaya jajita gh| Taba Tabaki Tabakata jhabaki jhabakata vici vici bIja kI reha / 21 kavi kI saMvatollekha vAlI ra banAyeM saM. 1752:1755 taka kI pilatI haiN| thor3e hI varSoM meM kavi ne jo utkRSTa racanAyeM do haiM ve ana pama au: bejor3a hai| kAza ! kavi lambe samaya taka rahatA aura ranAyeM karatA to, rAjasthAna ke liye bahuta hI gaurava kI bAta hotii| 18. utyacanda mathaNa kharataragacchIya jo jaina yati sAdhvAcAra ko pUrNatayA pAlana na kara sake, unakI eka alaga se matheNa jAti bana gii| isa jAti ke rAjyA zreta sUkaviyoM meM udayacanda vizeSa 'rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| inakA saMskRta meM 'pANDita -darpaNa' grantha prApta hai| bIkAnera ke mahArAjA anUpasiMha jI ke liye nAyaka-nAyikA aura alaMkAra varNana vAlA 'anapa rasAla" nAmaka kAvya saM. 1728 meM inhoMne bnaayaa| isakI ekamAtra prati anapa saMskRta lAyabrerI bIkAnera meM mApta hai| vaise to isa pustikA kI puSpikA meM ise mahArAjA anUpasiMha viracita likhA hai kintu pati kI prArambhika sUcI meM 'matheNa udayacanda kRta" likhA hai| kavi udayacanda ne "bIkAnera kI gajala" saM. 1765 meM mahArAjA sujAnasiMha jI ke samaya meM banAI hai| isameM bIkAnera kA bahata sundara varNana hai| yaha gajala "baicArikI" panikA bIkAnera ke vizeSAMka meM prakAzita ho ca kI hai|

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19. jina gari ye kharataragacchIya jinarAjasUri ke paTTadhara the| saM. 1700 meM inase svataMtra kharatarakI zAkhA pRthaka ho gii| inhoMne rAjasthAnI racanAoM ke sAtha-sAtha hindI meM bhI "jinaraMga bahotarI" aura "zrAtma prabodha bAvanI' (racanA saM. 1731) racI hai| jinaraMga bahotarI meM 72 dohe. haiM aura Atma prabodha bAvanI eka sundara prabodhaka racanA hai| jina raMga bahotarI kA eka doha prastuta hai wchod 277 sAkha rahayAM lAkhoM gayAM phira kara lAkhoM hoya / lAkha rayAM sAkhAM gayA lAkha na lakhkhe koya / 40 1 vinayalAbha 20. ye kharataragacchIya vinaya pramoda ke ziSya the / saMskRta aura rAjasthAnI racanAoM ke atirikta inhoMne bhartRhari zatakatraya kA padyAnuvAda 'bhASAbhUSaNa' ke nAma se kiyA hai| isakI eka prati prabhaya jaina granthAlaya meM hai / isakI eka prAcIna prati saM. 1727 kI likhita nAgaura ke bhaTTArakIya bhaNDAra meM hai / udAharaNa ke taura para prathama padya kA anuvAda prastuta hai: 21. jAhI kuM rAkhata hIM mana meM titasa tiya mosauM rahe viracI, vA jinakI nita dhyAna dhare tina to phuni aurasoM rAsa rcii| hama nita cAha dhare kAI aura to virahAnala maiM ju nacI, dhiga tAhI kuM tAkuM madana kuM mokuM ite para bAta kabU na bacI 111 inakI hindI meM bAvanI bhI prApta hai / racanAoM meM 'bAlacanda' nAma bhI prApta hotA hai / inakA mUla nAma bAlacanda thA aura dIkSA nAma vinayalAbha thA / kezavadAsa ye kharataragacchIya kavi lAvaNyaratna ke ziSya the| rAjasthAnI racanAoM ke atirikta inhoMne hindI meM kesava bAvanI saM. 1736 meM banAI hai aura nemi rAjula bArahamAsA saM. 1734 meM banAyA hai| kesavadAsa kA eka aura bhI bArahamAsA milatA hai parantu isameM guru kA nAma prApta nahIM hai / kesava nAma ke kaI kavi hone se isa ke kartA kA nirNaya karanA saMbhava nahIM haiM / 22. khetala ye kharataragacchIya dayAvallabha ke ziSya the| inakA dIkSA nAma dayAsundara thA / saM. 1743 se 1757 taka inakI kaI rAjasthAnI racanAyeM prApta haiM / kavi kI hindI racanAoM meM "cittaur3a kI gajala" saM. 1748 aura "udayapura kI gajala" saM. 1757 kI prApta hai / ye gajaleM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| sAhitya praura itihAsa kI dRSTi se ye donoM racanAyeM mahatvapUrNa haiM / mAnakavi I 23. vijayagaccha ke mAna kavi ne udayapura ke mahArANA rAjasiMha sambandhI "rAjavilAsa " nAmaka aitihAsika kAvya banAyA jo nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA se prakAzita ho cukA hai| 18 vilAsa meM vibhakta yaha aitihAsika mahAkAvya hai / saM. 1737 taka kI aitihAsika ghaTanAoM kA isameM varNana hai / isakI hastalikhita prati saM. 1746 kI udayapura meM prApta hai / kavi kI anya racanAoM meM "bihArI satasaI" TIkA ullekhanIya hai / yadyapi DA. motIlAla menAriyA ne ina donoM racanAoM ke kartA bhinna-bhinna batalAye haiM, parantu vijayagaccha meM usa samaya meM isa nAma ke eka hI vidvAn hue haiN|

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278 24. mAnakavi II ye kharataragaccha ke vAcaka sumatimeru ke ziSya the| inhoMne "saMyoga dvAlizikA' nAmaka 73 padyoM kI zrRMgArika racanA amaracanda muni ke liye saM. 1773 meM banAI hai| kavi kI anya do racanAyeM vaidyaka sambandhI haiM, para haiM bar3e mahatva kii| pahalI racanA 'kavi vinoda' 7 khaNDa meM saM. 1745 meM lAhora meM racI gaI, kintu isameM kavi ne svayaM ko bIkAnera vAge spaSTa rUpa se likhA hai| dUsarI racanA "kavi pramoda" 9.ullAsa meM pUrNa huI hai, padya saMkhyA 2944 hai| saM. 1746 meM isakI racanA huI hai| kavi ne isameM bhI apane ko bIkAnera vAsI talAyA . sumatimeru vAcaka prakaTa pAThaka zrI vinaimeru| tAko ziSya mani mAnajI, vAsI bIkAnera / 111 saMvata satara chayAla subha, kAtika sudi tithi doja / 'kavi-pramoda' rasa nAma yaha, sarvagnathani ko khoj| 12 / 25. kavi lAlacanda inakA dIkSAnAma lAbhavarddhana thaa| inake guru zAntiharSa the aura jinaharSa gurujhAtA the| ye apane gurubhAI jinaharSa kI taraha rAjasthAnI ke sukaviyoM meM se haiN| inakI hindI racanAoM meM "lIlAvatIgaNita"saM. 1736 bIkAnera meM, 'aMka prastAra' saM. 1761 meM racita gaNita viSayaka racanAyeM prApta va prakAzita ho cukI haiN| ApakI 'svarodaya bhASA' aura 'zakuna dIpikA caupAI' bhI apane viSaya kI acchI racanAyeM haiM / 26. jozIrAya maNa ye bIkAnera ke mahArAjA anUpasiMhajI se sammAnita the| jozIrAya ne rAjasthAnI meM bar3I sundara racanAyeM kI haiN| sAtha hI inhoMne hindI meM "mahArAjA sujANasiMha sambandhI varasalapura gar3ha vijaya" isakA dUsarA nAma 'sujANasiMha rAso' saM. 1767 aura 1769 ke madhya meM banAyA hai| yaha racanA saM. 1769 kI likhita prati se saMpAdita hokara 'varadA' ke jara 1973 ke aMka meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| 27. jogIdAsa mayeNa ye jozIrAya mathena ke putra the| inhoMne vaidyakasAra nAmaka hindI padya grantha saM. 1792 meM bIkAnera mahArAjakUmAra jorAvara siMha ke nAma se banAyA hai| isameM jozIrAya ko sammAnita karane kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : bIkAnera vAsI vizada, dharmakathA jiha dhAma / svetAmbara lekhaka sarasa, jozI jinako nAma 1721 adhipati bhUpa anapa jihi, tinasoM kari subhabhAya / dIya dusAlau kari karai, kaha yau ju josIrAya 1731 jini vaha josIrAya suta,jAna hu jogiidaas| saMskRta bhASA bhani sunata, bhau bhAratI prakAza 1741 jahAM mahArAja sujAna jaya, varasalapura liya prAMna / chaMda prabandha kavitta kari, rAso kaha.yo bakhAMna 1751 28. nayanasiMha ye kharataragaccha ke pAThaka jasazIla ke ziSya the| saM. 1786 meM inhoMne bhata hari zatakatraya bhASA kI racanA bIkAnera rAjavaMza ke mahArAja prAnandasiMha ke liye kI thii| isa.

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219 liye isa racanA kA nAma 'AnandabhUSaNa' yA 'mAnanda-pramoda' rakhA gayA hai| isa racanA ke gaba vArtA kA kucha aMza nIce diyA jA rahA hai :-- "ujjaiNI nagarI ke viSa rAjA bhatRharijI rAja karatu hai, tAhi eka samai eka mahApuruSa yogIzvaraM eka mahAguNavaMta phala bheMTa kiinii| phala kI mahimA kahI jo yaha khAya so ajara amara hoii| taba rAnA ye svakIya rANI piMgalA kuM bhejyaa| taba rANI atyanta kAmAtura anya para-puruSateM rakta hai, tAhi puruSa ko, phala de bhejo aru mahimA khii|" 29. devacandra ye kharataragacchIya dIpacandajI ke ziSya the| bIkAnera ke nikaTavartI grAma meM hI ApakA janma hapA thaa| choTI umra meM hI saM. 1759 meM ye dIkSita hue the| inakA dIkSA nAma 'rAjavimala' thaa| jaina tatvavettA ke rUpa meM Apa bahuta prasiddha haiN| prAkRta, saMskRta, rAjasthAnI, gajarAtI ke atirikta hindI meM Apane kucha pada aura "dravyaprakAza" nAmaka mahatvapUrNa grantha banAyA hai| jaina dharma mAnya jIva ajIvAdi dravyoM ke sambandha meM yaha grantha prakAza DAlatA hai| saM. 1763 meM bIkAnera meM isakI racanA huI hai| dravyaprakAza kA eka padya prastuta hai: sahaja subhAva pratha guru ke vacana setI, jAnyo nija tatva taba jAgyo jIva rAya hai| maiM to paradravya nAMhi paradravya mero nAMhi, aisI buddhi bhAsI taba baMdha kaise thAya hai| dekhi jAMni gaho tuma parama anaMta pada, jAkai padamAga aura pada na suhAya hai| pramANa nikhepa naya jAka teja Aga masta, ___ aisI nija deva za da mokha ko upAya hai| 30 / 30. rUpacanda (rAmavijaya) ye kharataragacchIya upAdhyAya dayAsiMha ke ziSya the| inakA dIkSA nAma rAmavijaya thaa| inhoMne 101 varSa kI dIrghAya pAI aura kaI racanAya kI hai| saMvatollekha vAlI inakI pahalI racanA saM. 1772 kI 'jinasukhasUri majalasa' khar3I bolI kI hai| dUsarI racanA laghastava TabbA saM. 1798 kI hai| rAjasthAnI kI to kaI racanAyeM haiM para hindI kI dRSTi se anya racanAoM kA avalokana Avazyaka hai| jinasukhasUri majalasa bar3I anUThI evaM majedAra racanA hai| udAharaNa prastuta hai: "aho Avo be yAra, baiTho darabAra, e cAMdaraNI rAta, kaho majalasa kI bAta / kaho kuna kuna mulaka kuna kuna rAjA dekhai, kuna kuna bAdasAha dekhe, kuna kuna dIvAna dekhe, kuna kuna mahirvAna dekhai ? to kaheka-dillI daIvAna phararaka sAha sulatAna dekhe, citor3a saMgrAmasiMha dIvAna dekha,jodhANa rAThor3a rAjA ajItasiMha dekha, bIkANa rAjA sujAMNasiMha dekha, prAMvara kachavAhU rAjA jaisiMgha dekhe / " 31. bIpacanda ye kharataragacchIya the| inakA praNIta "laMghanapathyanirNaya" nAmaka saMskRta vaidyaka grantha saM.1792 jayapura meM racita prApta hai| hindI bhASA meM inhoMne "bAlatantra kI bhASA vacanikA" banAI / isakA kucha uddharaNa prastuta hai :-- tisake patra kalyANadAsa nAmA hota bhye| mahA paNDita sarvazAstra ke vaktA jANaNahAra vaidyaka cikitsA viSe mahApravINa sarvazAstra vaidyaka kA dekhakara paropakAra ke nimitta paMDitAM kA gyAna ke vAsata yaha bAla cikitsA grantha karaNa vAste kalyANadAsa nAmA paMDita hota

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280 mye| tisanai karI saloka bNdh| tisakI bhASA kharataragacha mAhI jani vAcaka padavI dhAraka dIpa ise nAmeM / 32. amaravijaya ye kharataragacchIya udayatilaka ke ziSya the| inakI 'akSara-battIsI hindI racanA prApta hai| rAjasthAnI meM to inakI anekoM racanAyeM prApta haiN| 33. raghupati ye kharataragacchIya vidyAnidhAna ke ziSya the| sUkavi the| saM. 1787 se 1839 taka kI inakI racanAyeM milatI haiN| inakI adhikAMza racanAyeM rAjasthAnI meM haiN| hindI meM "jainasAra bAvanI" aura "bhojana vidhi" nAma kI racanAyeM prApta haiN| bhojana vidhi meM to bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma samaya ke dazoTana kA varNana hai| jainasAra bAvanI praupadezika mAtRkAkSaroM para racita sundara racanA hai| isameM 58 padya haiN| saM. 1802 nApAsara meM isakI racanA huI hai| isakA prArambhika padya isa prakAra hai : UMkAra bar3I saba akSara meM, iNa akSara opama aura nhiiN| UMkArani ke guNa pAdari ke, dila ujjvala rAkhata jAMNa dhii| UMkAra ucAra bar3e bar3e paMDita, hoti hai mAnita loka yhii| UMkAra sadAmada dhyAvata hai, sukha pAvata hai rughanAtha sahI / 1 / 34. vinayabhakti ye kharatara gacchIya vAcaka bhaktibhadra ke ziSya the| inakA prasiddha nAma vastA thaa| inakI pahalI hindI racanA "jinalAbhasUri davAvata" hai| jinalAbhasUri kA prAcAryakAla saM. 1804 se 1834 taka kA hai, ata: isI bIca isakI racanA huI hai| isakI gadya vacanikA kA kucha aMza udAharaNArtha prastuta hai : ___aisI padmAvatI mAI bar3e bar3e siddha sAdhakuM ne dhyaaii| tArA ke rUpa bauddha sAsana samAI / gaurI ke rUpa sida mata vAlunai gaaii| jagata meM kahAnI himAcala kI jaaii| jAkI saMgatI kAha so lakhI na jaaii| kausika mata meM vajA khaanii| sivajU kI pttraanii| siva hI ke deha meM smaanii| gAhanI ke rUpa caturAnana mukhapaMkaja basI / macchara ke rUpa caMda vidyA meM viksii|" inakI dUsarI racanA 'anyokti-bAvanI' mahatvapUrNa hai| isameM 62 padya haiN| jaisalamera ke rAvala malarAja ke kathana se saM. 1822 meM isakA prArambha huaA thaa| abhaya jaina granthAlaya meM isakI prati surakSita hai| 35. kSamAkalyANa ye kharataragacchIya vAcaka amRtadharma ke ziSya the| apane samaya ke bahata baDe vidvAna aura granthakAra the| saM. 1826 se 1873 taka kI inakI anekoM racanAyeM prApta haiN| inhoMne sudUra baMgAla murzidAbAda Adi meM bhI vihAra kiyA thaa| ataH inakI kaI racanAbhoM meM hindI kA prabhAva hai hii| vaise "hitazikSA dvAtriMzikA" prApakI sundara va praupadezika racanA hai| isakA prAraMbhika padya isa prakAra hai : sakala vimala guna kalita lalita mana, madana mahima vana dahana dahana sama / mamita sumati pati dalita durita mati, nizita virati rati ramana damana dm| saghana vidhana gana harana madhura dhuni, dharana dharani nala amala asama sama / jayatu jagati pati RSabha RSabha gati, kanaka varana duti parama parama mama / 11,

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281 apabhraMza bhASA ke suprasiddha jayatihupraNa stotra kA hindI padyAnuvAda murzidAbAda ke kAtelA gajaramala aura tanasukharAya ke liye banAyA thaa| isakI prati abhaya jaina pranthAlaya meM prApta hai| inakA 'aMbaDa caritra' saM. 185 3 meM racita mahimAbhakti bhaNDAra meM prApta hai / 36. zivacandra inakA pUrvanAma zaMbhu rAma thaa| ye kharataragaccha ke puNyazIla ke praziSya aura samayasundara ke ziSya the| saMskRta aura rAjasthAnI racanAoM ke atirikta inhoMne hindI ma jaisalamera ke rAvala mUlarAja kI prazaMsA meM "samudrabaddha kAvya vacanikA' kI saM. 1851 jaisalamera meM racanA kI hai| isake eka dohA aura vacanikA kA udAharaNa prastuta hai :-- "zubhAkAra kauzika tridiva, aMtariccha dinakAra / mahArAja ina dhara tapau, mUlarAja chatradhAra / aruNa arthaleza-jaise zubhAkAra kahi hai bhalo hai prAkAra jinako aise, kauzika kahiye indra soM tridiva kahiye svarga meM pratapai danakAra aMtariccha kahatAM jitane tAI sUrya AkAza meM tpai| mahArAja kahatAM ina rIte chatra ke dharanahAra mahArAja zrI muulraaj| dhara tapau kahiye pRthvI viSai pratApI / " zivacandrajI kI hindI kRtiyoM meM do pUjAyeM bhI prApta haiM :---1. RSi maNDala pUjA saM. 1879 aura 2. naMdIzvara dvIpa pUjA / 37. kalyANa kavi inhoMne saM. 1822 meM "jaisalamera gajala" saM. 1838 meM "giranAra gajala" aura 1864 meM "siddhAcala gajala" ye tInoM nagara varNanAtmaka gajaleM banAI haiN| ye bhI kharataragaccha ke the| 38. jJAnasAra ye kharataragacchIya ratnarAja gaNi ke ziSya evaM mastayogI tathA rAjamAnya vidvAn the| kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha ye saphala pAlocaka bhI the| inakI samasta laghukRtiyAM "jJAnasAra granthAvalI" ke nAma se prakAzita ho cukI haiN| rAjasthAnI ke atirikta inakI nimnAMkita hindI racanAyeM prApta hai :-- 1. pUrvadeza varNana, kAmoddIpana, saM. 1856 jayapura ke mahArAjA pratApasiMhajI kI prazaMsA meM racita mAlApiMgala (chaMdazAstra) saM. 1876, 8. cAritra chattIsI, 4. canda caupAI samAlocanA dohA, 9. Atma prabodha chattIsI, prAstAvika aSTottarI, mati prabodha chattIsI 6. nihAla bAvanI saM. 1881, 11. bahutarI Adi ke pada / 7. bhAvachattIsI saM. 1865, inhoMne 98 varSa kI dIrghAyu pAI aura zmazAnoM meM rahate hue yoga aura adhyAtma kI sAdhanA kii| 'pUrvadeza varNana' meM jaba ye murzidAbAda caumAsA karane ke liye gaye the, taba vahAM baMgAla kI usa samaya jo sthiti dekhI thI usakA citrAtmaka varNana kiyA hai| parvadeza se vApisa Ane para ye jayapura meM kaI varSa rahe aura vahAM ke mahArAjA pratApasiMha kI prazaMsA meM "kAmodadIpana' grantha bnaayaa| "mAlA piMgala" inakI chaMdazAstra kI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| zrImad AnandadhanajI kI racanAoM kA inhoMne 30 varSoM taka cintana karake unake cauvIsI aura padoM para vivecana likhaa| 10

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282 ye bahuta bar3e samAlocaka bhI the| inhoMne mohanavijaya kI suprasiddha "canda caupAI" kI samAlocanA dohoM meM kI hai| usameM chaMda zAstrAdi kI dRSTi se gambhIra AlocanA kI hai| vastutaH apane DhaMga kI yaha eka hI racanA hai| AnandaghanajI ke prAdhyAtmika padoM kA anasaraNa karate hue Apane bahutarI pada bhI banAye haiM jo bahuta hI prabodhaka haiN| pada bahutarI kA eka pada uddha ta diyA jAtA hai :-- bhora bhayo aba jAga baavre| kauna puNya teM nara bhava pAyo, kyU satA aba pAya dAva re| bho. 1 / dhana vanitA suta bhrAta tAta ko, moha magana iha vikala bhAva re| koI na tero tU nahIM kAkau, isa saMyoga anAdi subhAva re |bho. 21 prAraja deza uttama guru saMgata, pAI pUraba puNya prabhAva re| jJAnasAra jina mAraga lAdhau, kyoM DUbai aba pAva nAva re| mo. 3 / canda caupAI samAlocanA kA eka udAharaNa dekhiye :-- e niccai nicce karau, lakhi racanA ko mAMjha / chaMda alaMkAre nipuNa, nahi mohana kavirAja / x x nA kavi kI nindA karI. nA kacha rAkhI kAna / kavi kRta kavitA zAstra ke, sammata likhI sayAna 121 dohA trika daza cyAra sai, prAstAvika navIna / kharatara bhaTTAraka gacha, jJAnasAra likha dIna / / 39. uttamacanda bhaNDArI ye jodhapura ke mahArAjA mAnasiMha jI ke mantrI the| alaMkAra aura sAhitya ke prApa ucca koTi ke vidvAna the| "alaMkAra prAzaya" apane viSaya kA bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa graMtha hai / isakI racanA saM . 1857 meM huI hai| ApakI anya racanAoM meM "nAtha candrikA" saM. 1861 aura tAraka tatva Adi prApta haiN| 40. udayacanda bhaNDArI ye bhI jodhapura ke mahArAjA mAnasiMhajI ke mantrI aura uttamacanda bhaNDArI ke bhAI the| Apa kAvya, sAhitya, chaMda, alaMkAra aura darzana ke bhI acche vidvAna the| inakA racanA kAla 1864 se 1900 taka kA hai| Apake sambandha meM DA. kRSNA mahaNota ne zodha prabandha likhA hai| prApta racanAoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai :chaMda prabandha 13. vijJa vinoda 2. chanda vibhaSaNa 14. vijJa vilAsa 3. dUSaNa darpaNa 15. vItarAga vAdanA 4. rasa nivAsU 16. karuNA battIsI zabdArtha candrikA sAdhu vandanA jJAna pradIpikA julaprakAza jalandharanAtha bhakti prabodha 19. vInatI 8. zanizcara ko kathA 20. praznottara vArtA 9. AnupUrvI prastArabandha bhASA 21. viveka paccIsI 10. jJAna sattAvanI 22. vicAra candrodaya 11. brahmAvinoda 23. AtmaratnamAlA 12. brahmavilAsa 24. jJAnaprabhAkara 6. jJA

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283 25. Atma jJAna paMcAzikA 32. sabhAsAra 26. vicArasAra 33. sikhanakha 27. SaTmatasAra siddhAMta 34. kokapadya 28. aAtma prabodhabhASA 35. svarodaya 29. AtmasAra manopadeza bhASA 36. zRMgArakavitta 30. bRhaccANakya bhASA 37. saubhAgyalakSmI stotra 31. laghu cANakya bhASA inakI samasta racanAyeM maho. zrI vinayasAgarajI ke saMgraha meM upalabdha hai| 41. gajala sAhitya hindI sAhitya meM nagara varNanAtmaka gajaloM kI eka lambI paramparA jaina kaviyoM kI racanAoM ke rUpa meM prApta hai| rAjasthAna ke zvetAmbara jaina kaviyoM ne rAjasthAna ke aneka grAma, nagaroM aura bAhara ke bhI sthAnoM-tIrthoM Adi kI aneka gajaleM banAI haiN| unameM se kucha gajaloM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai :-- jodhapura varNana gajala jodhapura varNana gajala jodhapura varNana gajala hema kavi muni gulAbavijaya saM. 1866 saM. 1901 mahArAjA mAnasiMha ke samaya meM saM. 1862 saM. 1865 saM. 1863 nAgara varNana gajala mer3atA varNana gajala sojata varNana gajala manarUpa,padya 83 manarUpa, padya 48 manarUpa, padya 67 bIkAnera varNana gajala lAlacanda (lAvaNya kamala) saM. 1838 sacitra vijJapti patra jo jainAcAryoM ko apane nagara meM padhArane va cAturmAsa karane ke liye likhakara aura citrita karake bhijavAye jAte the, unameM jisa nagara se aura jisa sthAna ko vaha patra bhejA jAtA thA, unameM una nagaroM kA varNana gajala ke rUpa meM prAyaH pAyA jAtA hai| inameM rAjasthAna ke aneka nagaroM kA varNana tatkAlIna itihAsa aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se bahata hI mahatvapUrNa pAyA jAtA hai| 17 vIM zatAbdI se aise nagara varNanoM kI paramparA khar3I bolI meM 'gajala' ke nAma se prArambha haI , jo 20vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha taka calatI rhii| 20 vIM zatAbdI rAjasthAna meM hindI kA prabhAva aMgrejoM ke zAsana aura mudraNa yuga meM adhika bddh'aa| rAja darabAra meM aura zikSA-pracAra meM hindI ko pramukha sthAna milane se jinhoM ne rAjasthAnI meM racanA kI hai, unakI bhASA meM bhI hindI kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| jaina lekhaka sadA se janabhASA kA Adara karate rahe, isalie 20 vIM zatAbdI meM aneka viSayoM ke graMtha hindI meM likhe gye| jaina mandiroM meM pUjA' gAne kA pracAra 19 vIM zatAbdI ke utarArddha yA aMtimakAla se rAjasthAna meM adhika baDhA / ataeva kharataragaccha, tapAgaccha ke prAcAryoM, muniyoM aura yatiyoM ne pUjA sAhitya kAphI mAtrA meM likhaa| unameM se bahata sA sAhitya prakAzita bhI ho cukA hai aura Aja bhI usakA acchA pracAra hai| geya hone se saMgItAtmakatA ne bhI isake pracAra ko vizeSa protsAhana diyaa| kharataragaccha ke yatiyoM meM sUganajI (sumati maNDana) Adi ne kAphI pUjAeM bnaaii| inase pahile yati bAlacanda jI ne 1913 bIkAnera meM 'paMcakalyANaka pUjA' bnaaii| isase pahale unhoMne 1909 meM murzidAbAda meM rahate hue 'sammetazikhara pUjA' kI racanA kI thii| pUjAyeM sugana jI racita adhika prApta hotI haiM, ataH suganajI kA paricaya yahAM diyA jA rahA hai:

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42. suganajI (sumatimaNDana) ye kharataragacchIya mahopAdhyAya kSamAkalyANa kI paramparA meM dharma vizAla ke ziSya the| inakA dIkSAnAma sumatimaNDana thA parantu janma nAma hI adhika prasiddha rahA hai| inakA upAzraya Aja bhI rAMgaDI cauka bIkAnera meM maujUda hai| saM. 1930 se 1961 taka Apa pUjAyeM banAta rhe| saMvatAnusAra pUjA sUcI nimna prakAra hai:-- 1. siddhAcala pUjA, saM. 1930 bIkAnera 2. aSTa pravacana mAtA pUjA, saM. 1940 bIkAnera paMca jJAna pUjA, saM. 1940 bIkAnera 4. sahasrakUTa pUjA, saM. 1940 bIkAnera 5. AbU pUjA, saM. 1940 bIkAnera 6. caudaha rAjaloka pUjA, saM. 1953 bIkAnera 7. paMca parameSTi pUjA, saM. 1953 bIkAnera 8. ekAdaza gaNadhara pUjA, saM. 1955 bIkAnera 9. jambUdvIpa pUjA, saM. 1958 bIkAnera 10. saMgha pUjA, saM. 1961 bIkAnera inake atirikta inakI cauvIsI aura mUrtimaNDana prakAza nAmaka racanAyeM bhI prApta haiN| 43. vaidya ziromaNi rAmalAlajI (rAma RddhisAra) Apa kharataragacchIya kSemakIrti zAkhA ke kuzalanidhAna ke ziSya the| apane samaya ke prApa bahata prasiddha vaidya the| aApakI racita 'dAdAjI kI pUjA' atyadhika prasiddha hai| Apane dIrdhAya pAI aura aneka viSayoM meM bahuta se graMtha bnaaye| graMthoM kA prakAzana bhI svayaM ne hI kiyaa| jJAta granthoM kI nAmAvalI isa prakAra hai:-- 1. paiMtAlIsa Agama pUjA, saM. 1930 bIkAnera, 11. santAna cintAmaNi 2. bIsa viharamAna pUjA, saM. 1944 bhAganagara, 12. guNa vilAsa 3. dAdAjI kI pUjA, saM. 1953 bIkAnera, 13. siddhamUrti viveka vilAsa 4. aSTApada pUjA ___ 14. asatyAkSepa nirAkaraNa 5. aTThAI vyAkhyAna bhASA, saM. 1949 15. siddha pratimA muktAvalI 6. zrIpAla caritra bhASA, saM. 1957 16. svapna sAmadrika zAstra 7. saMghapaTaka bAlAvabodha, saM. 1967 17. zakuna zAstra vaidyadIpaka 18. zrAvaka vyavahArAlaMkAra 9. mahAjana vaMza muktAvalI 19. kalyasUtra bAlAvabodha 10. jaina digvijaya patAkA 44. kapUracanda (kuzalasAra) ye kharataragacchIya rUpacanda gaNi ke ziSya the| inakI vArahavata pUjA saM . 1936 bIkAnera meM racita, prakAzita hai / , 45. yati zrIpAlacandra ye kharataragacchIya zrI vivekalabidha ke ziSya the| inakA dIkSAnAma zIlasaubhAgya thaa| ye vividha viSayoM ke acche vidvAna the| inakA eka mAtra hindI kA graMtha "jaina sampradAya zikSA" athavA 'gRhasthAzrama zIla saubhAgya bhUSaNa mAlA' nAmaka saMvata 1967 meM ApakA akasmAta nidhana /

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285 ho jAne se nirNayasAgara presa bambaI dvArA prakAzita huI thii| isa vizAlakAya pustaka meM lekhaka ne varNa vicAra, vyAkaraNa, nIti, gRhastha dharma, vaidyakazAstra, roga parIkSA, prosavaMza aura gotroM kI utpatti, sAmAnya jyotiSa, svarodaya, zakuna vicAra Adi aneka viSayoM kA vistAra se pAlekhana kiyA hai| gRhopayogI itane viSayoM kA eka hI pratha meM samAveza anyatra durlabha hai| 46. AtmArAmajI (vijayAnandasUri) ye tapAgacchIya zrI bUTerAya jI ke ziSya the| inakA janma to paMjAba meM saM. 1893 meM huA thaa| mUlataH sthAnakavAsI sampradAya meM dIkSita hue the| bAda meM mUrtipUjaka sampradAya meM punaHdIkSA grahaNa karalI thii| inhoMne paMjAba, rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM adhika vicarate hue jaina dharma kA acchA pracAra kiyA thaa| inake racita "jaina tatvAdarza, ajJAna timira bhAskara, tatva nirNaya prasAda, samyaktva zalyoddhAra" Adi bar3e-bar3e graMtha haiN| saM. 1940 bIkAnara meM racita inakI kevala 'bIsa sthAnaka pUjA' hI prApta hai| inhIM ke paTTadhara prAcArya vijayavallabhasUri prasiddha prAcArya hue| inhoMne rAjasthAna meM rahate hue caudaha rAjaloka pUjA 1977 khuDAlA, paMca jJAna pUjA 1978 bIkAnera aura samyag darzana pUjA saM. 1978 bIkAnera, racanAyeM kI haiM / 47. vijayarAjendrasUri ___ inakA janma saM. 1833 meM bharatapura meM huA thaa| pahale Apa yati the, bAda meM saM. 1925 meM kriyoddhAra karake saMvigna sAdhu bne| Apase tri-stutika sampradAya kA prAdurbhAva huaa| inakA saba se bar3A kAma "abhidhAna rAjendra koSa' prAkRtazabdoM kA koSa sAta bhAgoM meM hai| rAjasthAna aura mAlavA meM Apa adhika vicre| ApakI hindI racanAyeM nimna haiM: 1. kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha, saM. 1940, 8. prabhu stavana sudhAkara, 2. paryuSaNASTAhnikA vyAkhyAna, saM. 1927, 9. mahAvIra paMca kalyANaka pUjA, 3. dhanasAra aghaTa kumAra caupAI, saM. 1932, 10. kamalaprabhA, 4. tatva viveka saM . 1945, 11. devavaMdana mAlA, 5. paMca saptati zatasthAna catuSpadI, saM. 1946, 12. siddhacakra pUjA 6. jinopadeza maMjarI, 13. 108 bola kA thokaDA, 7. praznottara puSpavATikA, saM. 1936, 14. zuddharahasya, Adi / 48. cidAnandajI ye kharataragaccha meM zrI zivajIrAma jI aura sukhasAgara jI se prabhAvita hokara dIkSita hue aura gahana adhyayana kara inhoMne kaI granthoM kI racanAyeM kiiN| inakI dIkSA saM. 1935 meM huI thI

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286 aura svargavAsa saM. 1965 meM huA thaa| inakI nimnalikhita racanAyeM prApta haiM : syAdvAdAnubhava ratnAkara, saM. 1950 ajamera, dayAnanda mata nirNaya (navIna Arya samAja bhramocchedana kuThAra), dravyAnubhavaratnAkara, saM. 1952 meDatAroDa, prAtma bhramocchedana bhAnu, adhyAtma anubhava yoga prakAza, saM. 195 5, zru ta anubhava vicAra, saM. 1952, zuddha deva anubhava vicAra, saM. 1952, jinAjJA vidhi prakAza, kumata kuliMgocchedana bhAskara, saM. 1955, AgamasAra anuvAda, zuddha samAcArI maNDana / usa samaya kA yuga khaNDana-maNDana kA thaa| ataeva Apako kaI grantha khaNDana-maNDanAtmaka lakhane pdd'e| vaise Apa aSTAMga yoga ke bar3e jAnakAra va anabhavI the| 'adhyAtma anubhava yoga prakAza' meM isa viSaya para acchA prakAza DAlA hai| dravyAnubhava ratnAkara, zuddhadeva anubhava vicAra prAdi dArzanika va AdhyAtmika grantha hai| 49. jinakRpAcandrasUri saM. 1913 meM jodhapura rAjya ke cAma gAMva meM ApakA janma huA thaa| kharataragacchIya jinakIrtiratnasUri zAkhA ke yuktiamRta muni ke ziSya prApa saM. 1936 meM bane / pazcAta kriyoddhAra kiyaa| saM. 1973 meM Apako prAcArya pada prApta huA aura svargavAsa saM. 1994 meM haa| Apa pAgama sAhitya ke viziSTa vidvAna the| bIkAnera meM zrI jina kRpAcandrasUri upAzraya Aja bhI rAMgaDI cauka meM vidyamAna hai| Apake vidvAna ziSya sukhasAgara jI ne pacAsoM granthoM kA sampAdana va prakAzana kiyA thaa| Apake paTTadhara zrI jayasAgara sari bahata acche vidvAna the| u. sUkhasAgara jI ke ziSya ma ni kAntisAgara jI baDe pratibhAzAlI vidvAna aura prasiddha vaktA the| __ zrI jinakRpAcandrasUri jI ne sAdhAraNa janopayogI stavana, stutiyAM Adi banAkara eka bahuta bar3e abhAva kI pUrti kii| inakI padyAtmaka kRtiyoM kA saMkalana "kRpAvinoda' ke nAma se prakAzita ho cukA hai| Apane kalpasUtra kI TIkA kA bhAvAnuvAda, zrIpAla caritra prAkRta kAvya kA hindI anuvAda, dvAdazaparva vyAkhyAna anuvAda, jIva vicArAdi prakaraNa saMgraha anuvAda aura giranAra pUjA kI racanAyeM kI haiN| ye saba grantha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| inake praziSya muni kAntisAgara jI kI nimnokta racanAyeM prakAzita haiM:1. khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava, 2. khoja kI pagaDaMDiyAM, 8. jaina dhAtu pratimA lekha, 4. zramaNa saMskRti aura kalA, 5. nagara varNanAtmaka hindI padya saMgraha, 6. saIkI, 7. jinadattasUri caritra Adi / Apake aneka zodhapUrNa lekha kaI patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| udayapura mahArANA kI preraNA se Apane "ekaliMga jI kA itihAsa" varSoM taka parizrama karake taiyAra kiyA thA kintu vaha abhI taka prakAzita nahIM huA hai / 50. jJAnasundara (devaguptasUri) inakA janma 1937 vIsalapura (mAravAr3a) meM huA thaa| inhoMne saM. 1963 meM sthAnakavAsI dIkSA grahaNa kI aura saM. 1972 meM sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya chor3a kara tapAgacchIya

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287 zrI ratnavijaya jI ke pAsa punaH dIkSA grahaNa kI tathA ratnavijaya jI kI sUcanAnusAra upakezagaccha ke anuyAyI bne| AcArya pada ke samaya inakA nAma devaguptasUri rakhA gyaa| ApakI choTI-moTI zatAdhika racanAyeM ratnaprabhAkara jJAna puSpamAlA se prakAzita huI haiN| jainAgamoM kA saMkSipta sAra 'zIna bodha' ke nAma se kaI bhAgoM meM prakAzita hayA hai| choTI-choTI kathAoM ke 51 bhAga bhI ullekhanIya haiN| ApakA saba se bar3A grantha "pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA itihAsa" hai| vaise mUrtipUjA kA prAcIna itihAsa, zrImAn lokAzAha, jaina jAti mahodaya pramukha racanAyeM haiM / prakAzita viziSTa kRtiyAM nimnalikhita haiM: bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA pArzva paTTAvalI) itihAsa mUrtipUjA kA prAcIna itihAsa jaina jAtiyoM kA prAcIna itihAsa kAparaDA tIrtha kA itihAsa prosavAla jAti kA itihAsa zrImAn lokAzAha prAcIna jaina itihAsa saMgraha mA. 1-16 jaina jAti mahodaya jaina jAti nirNaya Agama nirNaya mukhapaTTI mImAMsA kathA saMgraha mA. 1-51 Adi / osavAla jAti kA samaya nirNaya battIsa sUtra darpaNa zIghrabodha 51. jinamaNisAgarasUri Apa kharataragaccha ke mahopAdhyAya sumatisAgara jI ke ziSya the| pApakA janma saM. 1944 bAMkaDiyA baDagAMma aura dIkSA saM. 1960 meM, prAcArya pada saM. 2000 aura svargavAsa 2008 mAlavADA meM hayA thaa| jainAgamAdi granthoM kA Apane viziSTa adhyayana kiyA aura usa samaya ke vivAdAspada praznoM para vistAra se prakAza ddaalaa| vaise Apa sarala prakRti aura madhyastha prakRti ke the / ApakI bahuta bar3I bhAvanA rahI thI ki samasta jainAgama hindI meM sAnuvAda prakAzita karavAye jAveM, kintu Apake garu zrI ke nAma se sthApita sUmati sadana, koTA se kucha hI grantha prakAzita kiye jA ske| koTA jaina prinTiga presa kI sthApanA bhI isI udadezya se kI gaI thii| aApakI nimnalikhita racanAyeM prakAzita haiM :-- vRhatparyuSaNA nirNaya, SaT kalyANaka nirNaya deva dravya nirNaya, AgamAnusAra muhapati kA nirNaya, sAdhvI vyAkhyAna nirNaya, devArcana eka dRSTi, kyA pRthvI sthira hai ?, kalpasUtra anuvAda, dazayakAlika sUtra anuvAda, antakRddazA sUtra anuvAda anuttaropapAtikadazA sUtra bhAvAnuvAda, sAdhu paMcapratikamaNa sUtra anuvAda /

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288 52. jinaharisAgarasUri - Apa kharataragacchIya zrI bhagavAnasAgara jI ke ziSya the| aApakA janma saM. 1949 rohiNA grAma, dIkSA 1967, prAcArya pada saM. 1992 aura svargavAsa saM. 2006 mer3atA ror3a meM huA thaa| Apa bahuta sarala prakRti ke the aura acche kavi the| inakI stavanAdi kI racanAyeM "harivilAsa' 'jina stuti cauvIsI' meM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| inake atirikta 'dAdA gurudevoM kI 4 pUjAyeM' aura "mahAtapasvI caritra' bhI prakAzita ho cuke haiN| sudUra kalakatte taka vicarate hue inhoMne acchA dharma pracAra kiyA thaa| jaisalamera jJAna bhaNDAra ke jIrNoddhAra aura suvyavasthA meM bhI ApakA yoga rahA hai| bahuta sI hastalikhita pratiyoM kI bhI Apane nakaleM karavAI aura svarNAkSarI kalpasUtrAdi kharIda kara apane jJAna bhaNDAra lohAvaTa meM sthApita krvaayii| mar3atA ror3a (phalodI) meM Apake nAma se eka vidyAlaya bhI cAla huA thaa| anekoM sthAnoM meM vicarate hue Apane saikar3oM pratimAoM ke lekhoM kA saMgraha bhI kiyA thA jo abhI taka aprakAzita hai| aApake suyogya ziSya kavivara kavIndrasAgara jI kA ApakI sAhitya sevA aura dharma pracAra kArya meM bar3A sahayoga rhaa| 53. vIraputra AnandasAgarasUri ye kharataragacchIya zrI trailokyasAgara jI ke ziSya the| inakA janma 1946, dIkSA saM. 1968, prAcArya pada 2006 pratApagar3ha (rAjasthAna) aura svargavAsa 2016 meM huA thaa| inakA jJAna bhaNDAra sailAnA meM surakSita hai| inakI nimnokta racanAyeM prakAzita ho cukI :-- vipAka sUtra anuvAda kalpasUtra anuvAda, zrIpAla caritra anuvAda dvAdaza parva vyAkhyAna anuvAda sukha caritra trailokya caritra mahAvIra jIvana prabhA saptavyasana parihAra prAnanda vinoda AgamasAra svarodaya sAra gahUMlI saritA ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya Adi kaI choTI-choTI pustikaayeN| ye bahuta acche vaktA bhI the| 54. jina kavIndrasAgarasUri ye kharataragacchIya zrI jinaharisAgarasUri jI ke ziSya the| inakA janma saM. 1964, dIkSA saM. 1976 jayapura, prAcArya pada saM. 2017 aura svargavAsa saM. 2018 meM huaa| Apa pratibhAzAlI vidvAna evaM Azukavi the| ApakA asAmayika svargavAsa ho gayA anyathA sAhitya jagata ko Apase bahuta kucha AzAyeM thiiN| ApakI nimnokta racanAyeM prApta haiM:-- kavIndra keli jina stavana saMdoha navapada ArAdhana vidhi Avazyaka vidhi saMgraha ratnatraya pArAdhana pUjA, saM. 2012 bIkAnera, pArzvanAtha pUjA,saM. 2013, mahAvIra svAmI pUjA, saM. 2012 bIkAnera, protsAhana paccIsI caitrI pUrNimA devavandana vidhi tapovidhi saMgraha upadhAna tapa devavandana causaTha prakArI pUjA, saM. 2013 meDatA rodd|

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289 55. yatIndrasUri ye tristutika prasiddha AcArya zrI vijaya-rAjendrasUri ke ziSya the| inakA janma saM. 1940 aura dIkSA saM. 1954, prAcArya pada saM. 1995 Ahora meM huA thaa| vijaya rAjendrasUri ke koSa ko antima rUpa dene aura prakAzita karane meM inakA bar3A yoga rahA hai| rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mAlavA Adi meM vihAra karate hue Apane una sthAnoM aura vihAra ke sambandha meM kaI pustakeM likhI haiM jinameM 'yatIndra vihAra digdarzana bhAga 1-4, "merI goDavAla yAtrA", 'merI mevADa yAtra aura 'koraTAjI kA itihAsa' ullekhanIya haiN| Apane rAjendrasUri aura mohanavijaya jI ke jIvana caritra aura paurANika aghaTakumAra, kayavannA, campaka mAlA, ratnasAra, jagaDuzAha, haribala Adi ke jIvana caritra likhe haiN| Apake vyAkhyAnoM ke bhI kaI saMgraha nikale haiM aura prakaraNoM Adi ke anuvAda bhI Apane kiye haiN| Apake sambandha meM "yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha" draSTavya hai / Apane bhagavAn Apake suziSya va paTTadhara vidyAcandrasUri acche kavi va lekhaka haiN| neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra para hindI meM mahAkAvya likhe haiN| 56. jItamuni ye tapAgacchIya the aura svayaM ko Anandaghana jI kA caraNopAsaka mAnate the| yoga meM ApakI bar3I ruci thii| Apane kaI prAcIna granthoM kA anuvAda va saMgraha kiyA tathA kaI svataMtra racanAyeM bhI bnaaii| prakAzita sAhitya isa prakAra hai: yogasAra hindI anavAda saha, lagha prakaraNa mAlA hindI anavAda saha, adhyAtma vicAra jIta saMgraha, stavanAdi saMgraha, bhaule mUla artha sahita, anubhava paccIsI aadi| ApakI racanAoM kA kAla 1970 se 1994 ke AsapAsa kA hai| 57. muni jayantavijaya ye tapAgacchIya zrI vijayadharmasUri ke ziSya the| inakA janma saM. 1940, dIkSA saM. 1971 hai| inhoMne Aba aura usake nikaTavartI jaina tIrthoM ke pratimA lekha saMgraha kA kAma kaI varSoM taka baDe parizrama se kiyaa| vaise 'arbuda prAcIna jaina lekha saMdoha', 'arbudAcala pradakSiNA' aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3e mahatvapUrNa haiN| gujarAtI meM to 'zaMkhezvara mahAtIrtha, brAhmaNavADA' Adi anekoM grantha bhI likhe haiN| hindI meM to kevala eka grantha "pAbU" sacitra prathama bhAga prakAzita hai| isameM prAba ke vizva prasiddha maMdiroM kA aitihAsika paricaya va vaiziSTaya kA citroM ke sAtha prAlekhana kiyA hai| 58. muni maganasAgara ye uNiyArA (ToMka) nivAsI the / inhoMne kharataragaccha meM muni dIkSA grahaNa kI thii| inake samaya meM khaNDana-maNDana kA prAbalya thA, ata: kaI pustakeM 'muni maganasAgara ke prazna aura zAstrArtha Adi Apane likhiiN| inake atirikta 'mauna purANa bhUmikA aura siddhAnta sAgara prAthamika zikSA tathA hamIrarAso sAra' grantha prakAzita haiM / 59. paMnyAsa kalyANavijaya gaNi inakA janma vi. saM. 1944 meM lAsa nAma (sirohI) meM brAhmaNakizana ke rAma-kadIbAI ghara meM huA thaa| inakA janma nAma tolArAma thaa| vi. saM. 1964 meM jAlo ratapAgacchIya .

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290 muni zrI kesara vijaya jI ke pAsa inhoMne dakSA grahaNa kI thI / dIkSA ke samaya inakA nAma kalyANavijaya rakhA gayA thA / inheM saM. 1944 meM paMnyAsa pada prApta huA thA aura saM. 2032 meM jAlora inakA svargavAsa huA / kalyANavijaya jI jaina sAhitya, itihAsa, vidhizAstra ( pratiSThA ) Adi ke prakANDa paNDita the / inakI likhita nimna pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiM:-- vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla gaNanA kalyANa kalikA prabandha parAga titthogA liyapaiNNA (zrI gajasiMha rAThor3a ke sAtha sampAdana evaM anuvAda) Adi / zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra paTTAvalI prabandha 60. purAtatvAcArya muni jinavijaya padmazrI muni jinavijaya rUpAhelI (mevAr3a) nivAsI paramAravaMzI vRddhisiMha ke putra the / inakI mAtA kA nAma rAjakumArI thaa| inakA janma san 1888 meM huA thA / inakA janma nAma kizanasiMha thA / bAlyAvasthA meM hI ye yati devIsiMha ke ziSya bane / yatijI ke dehAvasAna ke pazcAt sthAnakavAsI sampradAya meM dIkSita hue / 6 varSa pazcAt isa sampradAya ko tyAga kara mUrtipUjaka samudAya meM tapAgaccha meM dIkSA grahaNa kI, jahAM inakA nAma muni jinavijaya rakhA gayA / rUDhivAdI paramparA ke prati Akroza evaM vaicArika krAMti ke kAraNa inhoMne isa veSa ko bhI tyAga diyA / kucha varSoM taka mahAtmA gAMdhI ke nirdeza para inhoMne gujarAta vidyApITha ke prAcArya padakA bhAra vahana kiyA / saMzodhana-sampAdana zailI kA vaijJAnika adhyayana karane ke lie jarmanI Adi yUropIya dezoM meM inhoMne bhramaNa kiyA / bhArata svatantratA Andolana meM ye jela bhI gaye / zAnti niketana meM rahate hue inhoMne zrI bahAdurasiMha jI siMghI ko prerita kara 'saMdhI jai granthamAlA' kI sthApanA kI, jo Aja bhI bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI ke antargata prakAzana kArya kara rahI hai| muni jI bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI tathA rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura ke saMsthApaka aura varSoM taka nidezaka bhI rahe / siMghI jaina granthamAlA aura rAjasthAna purAtana granthamAlA ke pradhAna saMpAdaka pada para rahate hue inake kAryakAla meM kramazaH vividha viSayAtmaka prAcIna evaM durlabha 55 tathA 83 granthoM kA prakAzana huA hai / munijI bhAratIya saMvidhAna ke saMskRta bhASA ke anubAdakartAoM meM bhI the / bhANDArakara oriyanTala risarca insTITyUTa, pUnA tathA jarmana oriyanTala sosAyaTI ke sammAnya: sadasya bhI rhe| bhArata sarakAra ne padmazrI alaMkaraNa pradAna kara aura rAjasthAna sAhityaakAdamI, udayapura ne manISI upAdhi pradAna kara munijI ko sammAnita kiyA thA / munijI haribhadrasUri smAraka cittaur3a, bhAmAzAha bAla vidyAlaya cittaur3a, sarvodaya sAdhanA Azrama caMderiyA tathA kaI bAla vidyAlaya Adi aneka smAraka apane nijI dravya se sthApita kiye| isI varSa 2 jUna, 1976 meM munijI kA ahamadAbAda meM svargavAsa huA aura dAha saMskAra sarvadevamyatana caMderiyA meM huA / muni jinavijaya jI na kevala saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI tathA gujarAtI bhASAoM ke prakANDa vidvAna hI the, apitu prAcIna lipi, purAtatva aura itihAsa ke bhI dhuraMdhara vidvAn the / jaina sAhitya ke to mUrdhanya vidvAn the hii| 'haribhadrAcAryasya samayanirNaya:' (saMskRta) aura AtmakathA ke atirikta inako svatantra rUpa se likhita pustakeM prApta nahIM haiM kintu inake pradhAnasampAdakatva meM aura sampAdakatva meM prakAzita pustakoM ke pradhAna saMpAdakIya prAkkathanoM meM tathA vizleSaNAtmaka evaM zodhapUrNa vistRta bhUmikAoM meM inhoMne itanA adhika likhA hai ki ina samasta

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291 prastAvanAoM kA saMkalana kara alaga se prakAzita kiyA jAya to usake kaI khaNDa nikala sakate haiM / jinavijaya jI dvArA sampAdita sAhitya kI tAlikA nimnAMkita hai vijJapti triveNI kharataragaccha paTTAvalI saMgraha jaina lekha saMgraha bhAga 1 va 2 gujarAtI gadya sandarbha purAtana prabandha saMgraha prabandha koSa kathAkoSa prakaraNa jaina pustaka prazasti saMgraha saMdeza rAsaka kumArapAla caritra saMgraha jaya pAyaDa nimitta zAstra vijJapti lekha saMgraha karNAmRta prapA prAkRtAnanda padArtha ratna maMjUSA kRpArasa koSa AcArAMga sUtra prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha prabandha cintAmaNi sukRta kIti kallolinI vividha tIrtha kalpa prabhAvaka caritra dhUrtAkhyAna kautikaumudI mahAkAvya kharataragaccha bRhada gurvAvalI jambU cariyaM, tripurA bhAratI laghu-stava bAla zikSA vyAkaraNa ukti ratnAkara gorA bAdala caritra hammIra mahAkAvya e keTalAga prApha saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainyuskRpTsa-pArTa-1; pArTa-2 e, bI, sI; pArTa3 e, bI, ityaadi| muni jI ne bhAratIya vidyA, jaina saMzodhaka, Adi kaI zodhapUrNa traimAsika patrikAoM kA saMpAdana kiyA thA aura anekoM patrikAoM meM Apake gaMveSaNA pUrNa lekha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| 61. yati nemicandra kharataragacchIya yati bakhtAvara canda jI ke ziSya the| inakA janma 1948 kukaNiyA beNAsara (bIkAnera) riyAsata aura svargakAla saM. 2009 bADamera meM huA thaa| ye vidhi-vidhAna ke acche jAnakAra the| ApakI nimna racanAyeM prakAzita haiM: nemivinoda stavana mAlA jinadattasUri caritra gurudeva guNa chaMdAvalI jaina zakunAvalI harizcandra nATaka lekhA lIlAvatI patra paddhati aadi| kulapAka maMDala pUjA stavana ratna maMjUSA ayavaMtI sukumAra haMsavaccha nATaka stha libhadra nATaka jaina jyotiSa divAkara 62. mANikyaruci ye tapAgacchIya yati the| bhIDara (mevArDa) inakA nivAsa sthAna thaa| inakI do pustakeM mANikya maMjarI aura mANikya manana prakAzita haiN| ye acche kavi va upadezaka the| mevAr3a kebhIloM meM bhI upadeza dekara mAMsa-madirAchaDAne kA vizeSa prayAsa kiyA thaa|

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292 68. sAdhvIvarga jaina paramparA meM prArambha se hI striyoM ko samAna dhArmika adhikAra diye gaye aura caturvidha saMgha meM sAdhu ke sAtha sAdhvI aura zrAvaka ke sAtha zrAvikA bhI sammilita hai| rAjasthAna meM kharataragaccha kA adhika prabhAva va prasAra rahA aura isa gaccha kI adhikAMza sAdhviyo rAjasthAna meM hI janmI huI haiN| vaise inakA vihAra bahuta dUra-dUra taka bhI hotA rahA, parantu rAjasthAna meM inhoMne sarvAdhika dharma pracAra kiyaa| inameM se kucha sAdhviyAM bahuta acchI lekhikAyeM aura kavayitrI bhI rahI haiN| kaiyoM ne prAcIna prakaraNAdi granthoM kA anuvAda kiyA aura kaiyoM ne maulika racanaryi bhI kI hai| jJAta racanAoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai: premazrIjI-jaina prema stavana mAlA, gahUMlI saMgraha ballabhazrIjI--peMtIsa bola kA thokar3A, vairAgya zataka anuvAda, saMbodha sattarI anuvAda pramodazrIjI--pramoda vilAsa, ratnatraya vinayazrIjI-yugAdidezanA, upAsaka-dazA sUtra anuvAda buddhizrIjI-caityavandana caviMzatikA sAnu vAda, zrIcandra caritra hIrAzrIjI-jana kathA saMgraha 64. paM. kAzInAtha jaina . zvetAmbara samudAya meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke adhika hone se zrAvaka samAja meM vidvAn aura lekhaka kama hue haiN| inameM se kAzInAtha jaina mahApuruSoM ke sacitra jIvana-caritra prakAzita karane meM vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| ye vaise to yati ziSya rahe haiM parantu inhoMne svayaM ko yati ziSya na likha kara paMDita rUpa meM prasiddha kiyaa| inakI pustakoM kA pracAra bhI bahuta acchA rhaa| varSoM taka yaha eka hI kAma meM jaTe rahe aura ise apanI AjIvikA kA sAdhana banA lene ke kAraNa hI itanA sAhitya likha ske| inakA mUla nivAsa sthAna bamorA (mevAr3A) thaa| inakI prakAzita pustakoM kI sUcI isa prakAra hai:abhaya kumAra araNika muni prAnanda zrAvaka AdinAtha caritra uttama kumAra kayavannA seTha kAmadeva zrAvaka kAma kumbha mAhAtmya candana bAlA jambUsvAmI candarAjA campaka seTha jaya vijaya teraha kAThiye nala damayantI neminAtha caritna pArzvanAtha caritra brAhamI sundarI mahAzataka zrAvaka mRgAvatI ratnasAra kumAra ratna zekhara rAjImatI sajA yazodhara rAjA harizcandra lakaDahArA lalitAMga kumAra vijaya seTha vijayA seThAnI zIlavatI zukarAja kumAra sura sandarI sudarzana seTha satI sItA surAdeva zrAvaka haribala macchI Adi 65. dusa saMpatarAya bhaMDArI __ye ajamera nivAsI haiN| inakA janma saM. 1895 meM huA thaa| ApakI 'hindI iMgliza jisanerI bhAga-7, bhArata darzana, tilaka darzana, bhArata ke dezI rAjya, rAjanIti vijJAna' prAdi

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193 pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI hai| Apa 'vaikaTezvara samAcAra' Adi kaI patroM ke saMpAdaka bhI raha cuke haiN| isa prakAra Apane apanA adhikAMza jIvana sAhitya nirmANa meM hI lagAyA thaa| 66. kastUramala bAMThiyA zrI bAMThiyA jI ajamera meM rahate the| hindI bahIkhAtA, inkama Taiksa ke hisAba, rUI aura usakA mizraNa' Adi pustakeM likhii| prauDhAvasthA meM Apane jaina sAhitya kA vizeSa adhyayana kiyA aura hemacandrAcArya jIvana caritra kA aMgrajI se anavAda kiyaa| samaya-samaya para Apake anekoM lekha bhI sAmayika patra-patrikAyoM meM prakAzita huye haiN| Apane kaI jainAgamoM ke gajarAtI aura aMgrejI granthoM ke hindI meM anuvAda kiye haiN| inameM se 'jainijma ina vihAra' kA jaina-bhAratI meM ana vAda prakAzita hayA / 'jainijma ina gujarAta' aura 'jaina pArTa' kA bhI Apane anuvAda kiyA thaa| gopAladAsa paTela Adi ke gujarAtI bhASA meM likhita kaI aAgamoM ke anuvAda bhI Apane hindI meM kiye the, kintu ve abhI taka aprakAzita hai| zrI bhogIlAla sAMDesarA kI gujarAtI pustaka 'vastu-pAlanuM vidyAmaNDala' kA hindI meM 'vastupAla mahAmAtya kA sAhitya-maNDala aura usakI saMskRta sAhitya ko dena' nAma se anuvAda bhI kiyA thA jo prakAzita ho cukA hai| 67. daulatasiMha loDhA 'aravinda' saM. 1914 dhAmaNiyA grAma (mevAr3a) meM inakA janma huA thA / bI. e. taka adhyayana karake rAjendra gurukula bAgarA meM pradhAnAdhyApaka kA kArya kiyA / zrI vijaya yatIndrasari kI preraNA se kAvya aura gadya racanAyeM likhanI prArambha krdii| inakA upanAma 'aravinda' thaa| sarva prathama, 'zrI manohara vijaya', tadanantara 'jaina-jagatI' harigItikA chaMdoM meM bnaaii| jaina-jagatI jaina samAja kA sacitra citraNa karane vAlA acchA kAvya hai| isake bAda va bhopAlagaDha, sumerapura Adi meM boDiga suparinTenDenTa ke rUpa meM rhe| anta meM bhIlavADA meM rahane lge| choTI-moTI 33 pustakeM ApakI prakAzita ho cukI hai| jisameM itihAsa samvandhI 'prAgvATa itihAsa, pallIvAla jaina itihAsa, rANakapura jaina itihAsa, zrI pratimA lekha saMgraha' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| kAvyoM meM jaina-jagatI ke atirikta 'rAjImati, dasa nikuMja, chatra pratApa, rasalatA aura vasumatI' Adi ullekhanIya haiN| Apake saMpAdita 'rAjendrasUri smAraka grantha' aura 'yatIndrasUri abhinandana ta karmaTha evaM sukavi the| Apase samAja ko bahuta kucha AzAyeM thI kintu ApakA asamaya meM 49 varSa meM hI nidhana ho gyaa| 68. umarAvacanda jaragaDa inakA janma vi. saM. 1959 meM jayapura meM huA / inake pitA kA nAma zrI mAlavaMzI nemicandajI jaragaDa thaa| inakA jaina-darzana aura adhyAtma kI tarapha vizeSa AkarSaNa thaa| javAharAta kA vyApAra thaa| vi.saM. 2028 meM inakA svarga huaa| inakI likhita evaM sampAdita pustakeM nimna prakAra haiM : devacandra jI kRta caturviMzati jina stavana (sAnuvAda) prArthanA aura tatvajJAna deva candra jI kRta snAnapUjA (sAnuvAda) Anandaghana graMthAvalI (sAnuvAda) 69: paM. bhagavAnadAsa jaina inakA janma saM. 1945 meM pAlItANA meM hyaa| unake mAtA-pitA kA nAma kalyANa I aura gaMgAbAI haiN| AcArya vijaya dharmasUri sthApita yazovijaya jaina pAThazAlA,

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banArasa meM inhoMne zikSA prApta kI / lagabhaga 45 varSoM se inakA kArya kSetra jayapura hI haiM / paMDita jI vAstuzAstra, mUrtizAstra aura jyotiSa zAstra ke advitIya vidvAn haiM / inake dvArA anudita nimna pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| -- rUpamaNDana devatAmUrti prakaraNa trailokya prakAza, 294 vAstusAra prakaraNa prasAdamaNDana beDAjAtaka paMDitajI dvArA kaI anudita grantha abhI taka aprakAzita par3e hue haiM, yathA- Adi / megha mahodaya varSa prabodha jyotiSasAra namaskAra mahAmantra kalpa RSimaNDala stotra vidhi vidhAna saha ghaNTAkarNa kalpa kesariyAjI kA itihAsa mahArANA pratApa, Adi / hI kalaza bhuvanadIpaka 70. candanamala nAgaurI I nAgaurI jI choTI sAdaDI (mevAr3a) ke nivAsI zrI motIrAma jI ke putra haiM / choTI sAdaDI meM hI rahate haiM / inakI abhI umra 91 varSa kI hai / ye pratiSThA vidhi aura mantra sAhitya viziSTa vidvAn haiM / inhoMne abhI taka vibhinna sthAnoM para 135 mandiroM kI pratiSThAyeM karavAI haiM / inakA nijI pustakAlaya bhI hai jisameM 5000 se adhika pustakeM saMgrahIta haiN| inake dvArA likhita 75 ke lagabhaga pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiM jisameM se kucha pustakoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM : : namaskAra mahAtmya hrIMkAra kalpa yantra mantra saMgraha jAti gaMgA 71. agaracandra nAhaTA zrI zaMkaradAnajI nAhaTA ke yahAM vi. saM. 1967 meM bIkAnera meM inakA janma huA / pAThazAlA kI zikSA ye pAMcavIM kakSA taka hI prApta kara ske| prAcArya zrI jina kRpAcandrasUrijI kI preraNA se saM. 1984 se inakI aura inake bhatIje zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA kI sAhitya kI ora ruci jAgRta huI / saM. 1984 se lekara Aja taka nirantara adhyayanazIlatA aura karmazIlatA ke kAraNa ina nAhaTA - bandhutroM (cAcA-bhatIjoM ne ) sAmAnya zikSA prApta hote hue bhI sAhitya jagata meM jo kArya kiyA hai vaha vastutaH advitIya hI kahA jA sakatA hai / ina donoM ke prayatnoM se saMsthApita abhaya jaina granthAlaya meM lagabhaga 60 hajAra hastalikhita granthoM aura 15 hajAra ke lagabhaga mudrita pustakoM kA saMgraha, kalAbhavana meM mUrtiyAM, sikke, citra, citrapaTTa, sacitra pratiyAM, Adi hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM saMgrahIta haiM / yaha granthAlaya zodha chAtroM ke liye zodha-kendra banA huA hai / dRDha adhyavasAya aura ajasra svAdhyAya parAyaNatA ke kAraNa zrI agaracanda jI Aja jaina sAhitya ke hI nahIM, apitu rAjasthAnI bhASA ke bhI zreSTha vidvAn mAne jAte haiN| yahI nahIM, granthoM, granthakAroM, saMgrahAlayoM ke sambandha meM to inheM sAhitya kA koSa bhI kaha sakate haiM / inake sahayoga se pacAsoM chAtra zodha-prabandha pU rNa kara pIeca. DI. kI upAdhi prApta kara cuke haiN| pacAsoM

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295 patra-patrikAoM meM inake 3,500 ke lagabhaga lekha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| paccIsoM pustakoM kI inhoMne bhUmikAyeM likhI haiM aura zodhapUrNa anekoM patrikAoM ke saMpAdaka evaM parAmarzadAtAmaNDala meM raha ca ke haiN| arthAbhilASI hote hae bhI sAhitya kI preraNA aura sahayoga dene meM sarvadA agrasara rahate haiN| agaracandra jI dvArA likhita evaM saMpAdita pustakeM nimnAMkita haiM : vidhavA kartavya jasavaMta udyota dAnavIra seTha zrI bhairUdAna jI koThArI kA saMkSipta jIvana caritra rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja, dvitIya bhAga, bIkAnera ke darzanIya jaina mandira zrImada devavandra stavanAvalI chitAI caritra pIradAna lAlasa granthAvalI jinaharSa granthAvalI jinarAjasUri kRti kusumAMjalI dharmavarddhana granthAvalI prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paramparA sabhA zRMgAra bhaktamAla saTIka rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravapUrNa paramparA aSTa pravacanamAtA sajjhAya sArtha aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha zikSA sAgara bI bI bAMdI kA jhagaDA rukmaNI maMgala, ityAdi zrI agaracandra jI aura zrI bhaMvaralAla jI ina donoM bandhuoM dvArA saMyukta rUpa meM likhita aura saMpAdita pustake nimnalikhita haiM : yugapradhAna jinacandrasUri aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha samayasundara kRti kusumAMjalI yugapradhAna jinadatta sUri bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha kyAMma khAM rAsA jJAnasAra granthAvalI paMca bhAvanAdi sajjhAya sArtha sItArAma copAI maNidhArI jinacandra sUri dAdA jinakuzala sUri ratnaparIkSA bambaI cintAmaNi pArzvanAthAdi stavana pada saMgraha zrI nAhaTAjI kaI saMsthAoM se sammAnita ho cuke haiM aura isI varSa 11 apraila, 1976 ko inheM abhinandana grantha bhI bheMTa kiyA jA cukA hai| 72. bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA ke bhatIje haiN| zrI bhairodAna jI nAhaTA ke putra haiM kintu zrI bhairodAnajI ke anuja zrI abhayarAja jI ke dattaka putra haiN| vi. saM. 1968 meM inakA janma huaa| inakI bhI skUlI zikSA kakSA 5 taka kI hai| zrI agaracanda jI aura bhaMvaralAla jI doMnoM na kevala sahapAThI mAtra hI rahe apitu sAhitya ke kSetra meM bhI sarvadA se eka-eka ke pUraka rahe haiN| saMgraha, saMpAdana aura lekhana Adi samasta kAryoM meM donoM saMyukta evaM sahayogI ke rUpa meM kArya karate zrI bhaMvaralAla jI saMskRta, pAlI, prAkRta, apabhraMza, avadhi, baMgalA, gujarAtI, rAjasthAnI, hindI Adi bhASAoM meM pAraMgata, prAcIna brAhmI, kuTila Adi yaga kI bhASAoM kI satata pari'vartita lipiyoM kI vaijJAnika varNamAlA ke abhyAsI, mUrtikalA, citrakalA evaM lalita kalAoM ke pArakhI haiN| inakI abhiruci prAyaH bhASA-zAstra aura lipi-vijJAna meM hai| prAkRta evaM saMskRta bhASA meM padyAtmaka sphuTa racanAyeM bhI karate haiN|

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296 inake dvArA svatantra rUpa se saMpAdita va viracita pustakoM kI tAlikA isa prakAra hai :-- satI mRgAvatI rAjagRha samayasundara rAsa paMcaka hammIrAyaNa, udAratA apanAiye padminI carita caupaI sItArAma caritra vinayacandra kRti kusumAMjalI jIvadayA prakaraNa kAvyatrayI sahajAnanda saMkIrtana bAnagI pAvApurI zrI jaina zvetAmbara paMcAyatI mandira, kalakattA kA sArddha zatAbda nAhaTAvaMza prazasti (saMskRta) aprakAzita sAhitya nimnalikhita hai :-- candradUta kIrtikalA (anuvAda) dravya parIkSA (anuvAda) nagarakoTa prazasti (anuvAda) alaMkAra dappaNaM (anuvAda) sAgaraseTha caupaI / inake atirikta inakI zatAdhika kahAniyAM, saMsmaraNa tathA phaTakara mAlocanAtmaka lekha anekoM patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| Ajakala Apa 'kuzala nirdeza' mAsika patrikA kA saMpAdana kara rahe haiN| 73. mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara phalaudI (jodhapura) nivAsI zrI sukhalAla jI jhAbaka ke ghara san 1929 meM inakA janma huaa| bAlyAvasthA meM hI inhoMne kharataragacchIya zrI jinamaNisAgarasUri jI ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| vaicArika krAMti ke kAraNa san 1956 meM sAdhaveSa kA tyAga kara gRhastha bne| zikSA ke kSetra meM inhoMne sAhitya mahopAdhyAya, sAhityAcArya, jaina darzanazAstrI, sAhityaratna (saMskRta) aura zAstra vizArada Adi upAdhiyAM prApta kI haiN| ye prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI bhASA ke vidvAn, prAcIna lipi paDhane meM nipuNa, jana sAhitya ke acche niSNAta aura patrakAra haiN| inake gaMveSaNA pUrNa anekoM lekha patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| inake dvArA sampAdita va likhita nimna pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiM: sanatkumAracakri caritra mahAkAvya saMghapati rUpajI vaMza prazasti nemidUta kharataragaccha kA itihAsa haimanAmamAlAziloSacha saTIka caturviMzati jina stavanAni mahAvIra SaT kalyANaka pUjA zAsana prabhAvaka prAcArya jinaprabha aura unakA sAhitya vallabha bhAratI vRttamauktika, arajinastava, pratiSThA lekha saMgraha prathama bhAga, mahopAdhyAya samayasundara, caturviMzati, jinastutayaH bhAvArivAraNa pAdapUAdi stotra saMgraha khaMDa prazasti TIkAdvaya sahita, kharataragaccha sAhitya sUcI saubhAgya paMcamyAdi saMskRta parvakathA saMgraha 74. mahatAba canda khAreDa inakA janma vi. saM. 1960 meM jayapura meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma jauharI sujAnamala jI khAreDa zrImAla thaa| ye saMskRta, hindI aura DiMgalI (rAjasthAnI

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297 bhASA ke acche jAnakAra hai| inakA 'jayapura rAjya ke hindI kavi aura lekhaka, nAmaka vRhata nibandha 'hiMdI sAhityakAra paricaya' meM prakAzita huA thaa| svargIya kaviyA bArahaTha zrI marAridAna jI ke sAtha inhoMne 'bAMkIdAsa granthAvalI bhAga 2-3, raghanAtha rUpaka gItAM ro' aura zrI umarAvacanda jI jaragaDa ke sAtha 'grAnandaghana granthAvalI' kA sampAdana kiyA hai| svataMtra rUpa se inhoMne 'lAvA rAsA' kA sampAdana kiyA hai| isa grantha para inheM nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI dvArA 'ratnAkara puraskAra, evaM 'baladevadAsa padaka' pradAna kiyA gyaa| inhoMne sphaTa padya bhI prabara parimANa meM banAye haiN| Ajakala Apa zrImAla saMgha, jayapura se sambandhita itivRtta ke saMgraha meM lage hue haiN| inake atirikta vartamAna samaya meM anekoM vidvAna va lekhaka hae haiM tathA vidyamAna haiM jinhoMne bahuta kucha likhA hai kintu unakA sAhitya sanmukha na hone ke kAraNa likhane meM asamarthatA hai phira bhI katipaya vidvAnoM ke nAmollekha kiye sAdha varga meM vijaya lalitasUri, vijaya suzIlasUri, vijaya dakSasUri, vijaya kalApUrNa sUri, mANakamuni (kalpasUtra), muni mahendrasAgara (mahendra vilAsa), muni kAntisAgara (kAnti vinoda) aAdi kI kaI pustake prakAzita ho cukI haiN| sAdhvI varga meM vicakSaNazrI acchI vidupI sAdhvI haiN| inake guNakIrtanAtmaka stavanAdi prApta hai| isI prakAra sAdhvI sajjanazrI ne katipaya stavanAdi tathA kalpasUtra Adi 3-4 granthoM ke anuvAda kiye hai| isI prakAra upAsaka varga meM javAharalAla nAhaTA (bharatapura) ke kaI samAja sudhAra sambandhI lekha, zubhakaraNasiMha botharA (jayapura) ke dArzanika lekha, jItamala lUNiyA (ajamera), siddharAja DhaDDhA (jayapura), pUrNacandra jana (jayapura), bhUrelAla bayA (udayapura), phalacanda bAphanA (phAlanA) Adi ke mAnavatA aura gAMdhIvAda se prabhAvita lekha, kesarIcanda bhANDAvata (ajamera) ke jIva-hiMsA virodhI lekha, balavantasiMha mehatA (udayapura) ke khojapUrNa lekha, tAjamala botharA (bIkAnera), pAnamala koThArI (nAgaura), pArasamala kaTAriyA (jayapura), hIrAcanda vaida (jayapura), gopIcanda dhADIvAla (ajamera), hastimala dhADIvAla (ajamera), cAMdamala sIpANI (ajamera) ke dharmasambandhI lekha evaM pustakeM, rAjarUpa TAMka (jayapUra). ke javAharAta para lekha, devIlAla sAMbhara (udayapura) aura zrI komala koThArI ke rAjasthAnI loka kalA aura sAhitya sambandhI lekha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| buddhasiMha bAphanA (koTA) ne aMgrejI bhASA meM anekoM darzanika kavitAoM kI racanA kI hai| prasiddha itihAsavid DA. dazaratha zarmA ne anekoM jaina pustakoM kI bhUmikAye likhI haiM tathA jaina sAhitya evaM zilAlekhoM para kaI zodhapUrNa lekha likhe hai| jaina zilAlekha aura matilekhoM para zrI ratnacandra agravAla aura zrI rAmavallabha somAnI ne bhI anekoM khojapUrNa lekha likhe haiN| svargIya paM. zrI jayadayAlajI zarmA (bIkAnera) ne maMtrarAja gaNa kalpa mahodadhi'pAdi pustakoM kA hindI meM anuvAda kiyA thaa| upasaMhAra 17 vIM zatAbdI se 20 vIM zatAbdI taka jina zvetAmbara lekhakoM dvArA hindI sAhitya likhA gayA vaha hindI ke bar3hate hue vistAra kA sUcaka hai, kyoMki usa samaya taka rAjasthAna ke kucha hisse ko chor3a kara adhikAMza bhAga meM bolacAla kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hI thii| vaise jaina kaviyoM ne prAyaH sabhI bhASAoM aura viSayoM para sarva-janopayogI sAhitya vipula parimANa meM likhA hai aura jahAM taka zvetAmbara hindI sAhitya kA prazna hai usameM bhI kAphI vividhatA pAI jAtI hai| kucha hindI racanAyoM meM racanA-sthAna kA ullekha na hone se ve rAjasthAna meM hI racI gaI haiM aisA nirNaya nahIM ho sakA, ata: una racanAoM ko isameM sammilita nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai|

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298 kaI jaina lekhakoM kI racanAoM meM khar3I bolI kI pradhAnatA hai to kaiyoM meM brajabhASA kii| kucha racanAoM kI bhASA aisI bhI hai jise rAjasthAnI prabhAvita hindI yA hindI prabhAvita rAjasthAnI kaha sakate haiN| bahuta se jaina lekhakoM ne prAkRta, saMskRta aura rAjasthAnI meM racanA karane ke sAtha-sAtha thor3I bahata racanAeM hindI meM bhI kI haiN| bhakti aura adhyAtma ke pada adhikAMzataH hindI meM race gaye, kyoMki dhrupada zailI kA kAphI prabhAva va pracAra baDha cakA thaa| isI taraha nagara varNanAtmaka gajaleM prAyaH sabhI eka hI zailI meM khar3I bolI meM racI gaI haiN| bAvanI, bArahamAsA Adi bhI eka hI kavi ne rAjasthAnI meM banAye haiM to sAtha-sAtha hindI meM bhI banAye haiN| jaina sAhitya racanA kA pradhAna lakSya janatA ke naitika stara ko UMcA uThAne kA rahA hai isaliye kAvyAtmakatA ko pradhAnatA na dekara sahaja aura sarala zailI meM adhika likhA gayA hai| jaina sAhitya ke nirmAtAoM meM saba se bar3A yoga jainAcAryoM aura muniyoM kA rahA hai| ve apane munidharma ke niyamAnusAra eka pradeza se dUsare pradeza meM vicarate rahate haiN| isalie bahuta se prAcArya aura muni rAjasthAna pradeza meM janmeM avazya kintu gujarAta meM adhika vicre| isa pradeza kI janabhASA rAjasthAnI rhii| pahile rAjasthAnI aura gajarAtI donoM eka hI bhASAyeM thiiN| jaba hindI bhASA kA pracAra rAjasthAna meM adhika hone lagA taba se prAkRta, saMskRta aura gajarAtI granthoM kA anuvAda hindI meM honA prArambha havA kintu jitanA zvetAmbara sAhitya gujarAtI meM likhA gayA , utanA hindI meM nahIM likhA gyaa| kucha hindI racanAyeM anya prAntoM meM vicarate hue racI gaI haiM aura udhara se hI prakAzita huI haiM, isaliye aisI bahuta sI hindI racanAyeM isa nibandha meM sammilita nahIM kI jA skiiN|

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hindI jaina kavi--3 --DA. indararAja baida kAvya kI ramaNIyatA kA AdhAra pAkara adhyAtma sahaja grAhaya ho jAtA hai| ciMtana aura pravacana sAhitya kI lalita zailiyoM meM pravAhita hokara apanI preSaNIyatA ko kaI gunA bar3hA dete haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratavarSa ke manISI saMta-mahAtmAoM ne jana-jana taka apanA saMdeza pahuMcAne ke lie kAvya kA sahArA liyaa| bhakti kAla kA sAhitya apane amUlya saMdeza aura apratima prabhAva ke kAraNa hI Aja taka svarNima sAhitya kahalAtA hai| saMta aura bhakta kaviyoM ne kavitA ke mAdhyama se AtmA-paramAtmA kI aura loka-paraloka kI gaMbhIra se gaMbhIra gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM hI adbhuta saphalatA prApta nahIM kI, sulalita sUktiyoM aura manorama zabda-citroM se naitikatA aura mAnavIyatA kI mahata pratiSThA bhI kI hai| yahI nahIM, apane kAvya ke suramya prasUnoM ko vAgdevI ke caraNoM meM samarpita karake apane sajana-dharma kI maryAdA kA pAlana bhI kiyA hai| sAhitya kI ArAdhanA AdikAla se hI jaina saMtoM aura vicArakoM ke sAdhaka jIvana kA aTUTa aMga rahI hai| jaina anuzAsana kI sthAnakavAsI paraMparA ne bhI anya paraMparAoM kI taraha saMdeza-preSaNa ke lie kAvya kI zailI kA samucita upayoga kiyA hai| mUrti-pUjA aura dhArmika kriyA-kAMDoM ke virodha meM utpanna haI sthAnakavAsI paraMparA ne aneka kavi-ratnoM ko janma diyA hai| sthAnakavAsI mAnyatA ke saMta kavi aura zrAvaka-sAhityakAra bhaktikAla kI usa saMta-paraMparA ke adhika nikaTa par3ate haiM, jisane sAkAra brahma kI apekSA nirAkAra brahma kA, bhakti kI apekSA jJAna kA aura pratimA-pUjArcanA kI apekSA mAnavIya naitikatA kI pratiSThA kA adhika samarthana aura pratipAdana kiyA hai| sthAnakavAsI saMpradAya ke mala preraka the zrI lokAzAha, jinhoMne 1451 I. meM mUrti pUjA aura anya bAhya prADaMbaroM ke virodha meM AvAja uThAI thii| rAjasthAna meM isa paraMparA ko sudRr3ha kiyA zrI jIvarAja jI, harajI, dhannAjI, pRthvIcanda jI, aura manoharajI jaise dharmaniSTha prAcAryoM ne| Aja bhI ina AcAryoM kI anuyAyI ziSya-paraMparA unhIM ke pada-cihnoM para calatI huI svara aura lekhanI se mAnavatA ke uddhAra kA mahAmantra phaMkatI jA rahI hai| jaina zAsana ko isa adbhuta krAMtikArI mAnavatAvAdI paramparA ne vipula mAtrA meM sAhitya kA nirmANa karake adhyAtma kI sArasvata sevA kI hai| __ rAjasthAna ke Adhunika sthAnakavAsI jaina kaviyoM kI paMkti meM gauravapUrNa sthAna hai jaina divAkara mani zrI. cauthamalajI kA.jinhoMne jaina dharma ke siddhAMtoM kA pracAra apane projasvI vyAkhyAnoM dvArA to kiyA hI.sUramya kAvya-racanA dvArA bhI use saMbhava kara dikhaayaa| apane samaya ke ina tejasvI saMta ne apane samasta proz2a aura mAdhurya ke sAtha dharma kI sAdhu vyAkhyA kii| dharma, Izvara, karma, mana, AtmA, jJAna, prArthanA, sadguru, satsaMga, punarjanma, bhakti, dAna, zIla, tapa, bhAva Adi tatvoM kA sundara aura tAtvika vizleSaNa unake 'mukti-patha' nAmaka kAvya-racanA meM milatA hai| 'dharma' aura 'tIrtha' ke sambandha meM ye kAvyoktiyAM kitanI sahI haiM:___"(a) khA-pIkara ke hama par3e raheM, yaha jIvana kA hai sAra nahIM, basa jIvadayA ke tulya jagata meM, anya dhame vyApAra nhiiN| (A) hai mAtA pitA tIrtha uttama, aura tIrtha jyeSTha jo bhrAtA hai, sadguru tIrtha hai pade-pade, basa yahI tIrtha sukhadAtA hai|" --(mukti patha, pR. 8-9)

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300 dharma kI yaha vAstavika paribhASA kavi gosvAmI tulasIdAsa jI ne bhI kI thii| unhoMne bhI kahA thA-"parahita sarisa dharma nahiM bhAI, para pIr3A sama nahiM adhmaaii|" 'gaz2ala gula mana bahAra' aura jana subodha guTakA' jaise ramaNIya muktaka saMgrahoM se lekara tIrtha kara caritroM taka kA praNayana divAkara muni kI marmasparzI lekhanI ne kiyA hai| kSetrIya bhASA rAjasthAnI kA spaSTa prabhAva inakI racanAoM kI bhASA aura zailI para dikhAI par3atA hai| 'gajala gula camana bahAra' meM choTI-choTI gajaloM ke dvArA unhoMne jaina yuvA samAja kA udbodhana kiyA aura zAstroM ke saMdeza ko sarala aura madha ra bhASA meM una taka phuNcaayaa| vibhinna sAmAjika kurItiyoM aura patana kI bhUmikA taiyAra karane vAlI vyaktigata kupravRttiyoM para bhI unhoMne bhISaNa prahAra kiyaa| apane grAha vAna pUrNa zabdoM meM unhoMne samAja ko kahA:-- "saMtAna kA jo cAho bhalA raMDI nacAnA chor3a do, vaddha-bAla vivAha banda karo, karake kucha dikhalAiyo / phijUlakharcI do miTA, muMha phUTa kA kAlA karo, dharma jAti kI unnati karake kucha dikhlaaiyo|" --(gaz2ala gula camana bahAra- pR. 14) prAcArya zrI hastImala jI ma. jaina saMskRti, sAhitya aura itihAsa ke prakAMDa paMDita, anusaMdhAyaka aura vizleSaka ke sAtha-sAtha madhara kavi bhI haiM, jinakI kavitA meM Atma jAgati kA saMdeza hai, sAmayika-svAdhyAya kI preraNA hai aura jIvana-sudhAra kA nirdeza hai| rAjasthAnI mizrita hindI meM kI gaI unakI kAvya sarjanA udbodhana ke aneka jIvaMta prakaraNoM se samRddha hai| "jaga prasiddha bhAmAzAha ho gaye loka canda isa bAra, deza dharma aru Atma dharma ke hae kaI aAdhAra / tuma bhI ho unake hI vaMzaja kaise bhUle Ana ? kahAM gayA vaha zaurya tumhArA, rakkho apanI zAna / --(gajeMdra pada muktAvalI, pR. 4) gaMbhIra evaM ucca koTi ke dharma graMthoM ke praNetA prAcArya hastImalajI ne jaina samAja meM svAdhyAya kA vilakSaNa maMtra phaMkA hai jo ghara-ghara meM ghaTa-ghaTa ke laukika aMdhakAra ko dhvasta karake adhyAtma kA alaukika Aloka bikhera rahA hai| 'svAdhyAya sadguru kI vANI hai, svAdhyAya hI Atma kahAnI hai, svAdhyAya se dUra pramAda karo svAdhyAya karo, svAdhyAya karo' jaise sIdhI sarala aura prabhAvI vANI se ota prota gIta Aja unake sahasroM anuyAyiyoM ke adharoM para hI nahIM thiraka rahe haiM, balki svAdhyAya kI karma preraNA dekara unake uddhAra kA mArga bhI prazasta kara rahe haiN| Apane "jaina AcArya caritAvalI" meM DhAI hajAra varSa kI jaina prAcArya paramparA ke saMkSipta itihAsa ko rAga-rAginiyoM meM bAMdhakara, use sarala banAkara prastuta kiyA hai| sthAnakavAsI samAja meM kavijI' ke nAma se vikhyAta upAdhyAya zrI amara muni kA rAjasthAna se kAphI purAnA aura nikaTa kA saMbaMdha rahA hai| yahAM ke saMta aura zrAvaka samAja ko Apa sadaiva priya rahe haiN| apanI vANI ke jAdU aura lekhana kI cAturI se kavi-kula meM zrI amara muni ne amiTa yaza ajita kiyA hai| ve eka saha daya marasa gItakAra, bhAvaka maktakakAra aura siddhahasta prabandhakAra ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane Ate haiN| unakI pramukha kAvya-kRtiyAM haiM-amara padya muktAvalI, amara puSpAMjali, amara kusumAMjali, amara gItAMjali, saMgItikA , kavitA-kuMja, amara-mAdhurI, zraddhAMjali, dharmavIra sudarzana aura satya harizcandra / aMtima do prabandhAtmaka racanAeM haiN|

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301 kavijI ne apane kAvya kI abhidhA meM poja, mAdhurya aura prasAda kA adbhuta mizraNa gholakara use itanA sarasa aura ramaNIya banA diyA hai ki Aja vaha hajAroM zrotAoM aura pAThakoM ke mAnasa meM . dhula cukA hai| inakI kavitA mukti-patha kI ora agrasara hone kI preraNA to detI hI hai, jIvana jagata ke vaividhyapUrNa vAtAvaraNa ko usakI saMpUrNatA ke sAtha citrita kara manuSya ko usameM jIne kI kalA bhI sikhAtI hai| kavijI mUlata: mAnavavAdI cetanA ke kavi hai| Atma vizvAsa, AtmAbhimAna, pUruSArtha aura mAnavIya garimA kA svara unakI kavitAoM meM aneka sthaloM para mukharita huA hai / yathA Atma lakSya se mujhe DigAte hoM araboM prAghAta, bajra-prakRti kA banA huA haM kyA Digane kI bAta ! svapna meM bhI na banUMgA hIna / ----- (saMgItikA , pR. 168) apanI prabandhAtmaka kRtiyoM meM ve eka kuzala kathAkAra aura nATakakAra ke rUpa meM bhI sAmane Ate haiN| unake varNana kI zailI itanI vilakSaNa hai ki pAThaka ko yaha patA nahIM cltaa| vaha kAvya par3ha rahA hai yA dekha rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja unakA 'satya-harizcandra' kAvya vyAkhyAnoM kA gauravamaya viSaya banA huA hai| yoM yaha kAvya satya kI mahimA-pratipAdana hetu rAjA harizcandra ke caritra para likhA gayA hai, para kavi ne isameM tArA ke caritra ko ujAgara karane meM jo prayAsa kiyA hai vaha adbhuta aura stutya hai| rAjya-tyAga ke bAda apane pati harizcandra ke sAtha calane kA Agraha karatI huI tArA kA bhavya caritra zraddhApUrvaka draSTavya hai:-- kaSTa Apake saMga jo hogA, kaSTa nahIM vaha sukha hogA, aura Apake pathak rahe para sukha bhI mujha ko dukha hogaa| binA aApake svarga loka ko naraka loka hI jAnUMgI, kiMtu Apake sAtha naraka ko svarga barAbara maanuuNgii| sau bAtoM kI eka bAta, caraNoM ke sAtha calaMgI maiM, Apa nahIM Talate nija praNa se kaise nAtha TalaMgI maiM ? --(satya harizcandra, pR. 89) bhAratIya sahadharmiNI ardhA ginI nArI kA kitanA tejasvI aura pAvana rUpa ubharakara pAyA hai ina sIdhI sarala paMktiyoM meM / aise bhavya, preraka aura pUjya svarUpoM ko ubhArane meM siddhahasta hai kavi amara muni / pUjya dhannAjI kI paramparA ko gauravAnvita karane vAle saMta marudhara kesarI zrI mizrImala jI ne kAvya ko mAnoM apanA antaraMga mitra hI banA liyA hai| ve jitane prakhara saMta hai utane hI prakhara kavi bhI hai| jaina darzana ke middhAMtoM kI sarala se sarala zabdAvalI meM udAharaNaparaka vyAkhyA inake kAvya kI vizeSatA hai| jIvana kI kSaNabhaMgaratA ko kitane sahaja DhaMga se vizleSita karate hai marudhara kesarI! yathA:-- tana dhana parijana masta javAnI bijurI ke jhabakAra samAnI miTa jAsI majhadhAra, karai kyoM tauphAnI ? grausa biMdu sama kAyA mAyA mAna mAna re bAdala chAyA jyoM pappala kA pAna, namaka jaise paanii| --(madhura stavana battIsI, pR. 4)

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302 marudhara kesarI ne vividha chaMdoM meM aneka kAvya racanAeM kI haiN| unakI pramukha kRtiyAM haiM-budha vilAsa, yazavanta caritra, sAdhvI ratnakuMvara, kavitA-kuMja, madhura stavana-battIsI, manohara maMgala prArthanA, bhakti ke puSpa, manohara phUla, madhura zikSA, saMkalpa vijaya, madhura dRSTAnta maMjUSA aadi| 'saMkalpa vijaya' meM unake pAMca sphuTa kAvya saMgRhIta haiM, jinameM celanA, samarasiMha, naMdazAha, sthUlibhadra aura zIlasiMha ke caritroM ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| kAvya-sauSThava kI dRSTi se 'sthUlibhadra' kAphI sazakta aura ramaNIya racanA hai jisameM sthAna-sthAna para unakA kalA-priya, kavi-rUpa ubhara kara AyA hai| anuprAsa marudhara-kesarI kA priya alaMkAra hai| isakI eka chaTA dekhie-- bhava jala taraNI karaNI varaNI zAMta sUdhA rasa jharanI hai| vetaraNI haraNI aga jaranI guru bhakti citta bharanI hai / / --(vahI, pR. 8) marudhara kesarI jI ne aneka chaMdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai-jaise dohA, caupAI, chappaya, kaMDaliyA grAdi / makhya rUpa se inakI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai| vihArI ke dohoM kI inake dohe bhI gaMbhIra bhAvoM se bhare haiN| dRSTAntaH unake 'vacana mahimA' se saMbaMdhita dohe dekhe jA sakate haiN| eka dohe meM ve vacana kI tulanA sadhavA ke sindUra se karate haiN| jisa prakAra siMdUra sadhavA ke lalATa kI akSara zobhA hai, usI prakAra vacana dar3ha-pratijJa logoM kI akSara zobhA hai| sadhavA siMdUra nahIM tyAgatI, usI prakAra vacana kA parityAga bhI satpuruSa nahIM karate / yathA-- gunijana, munijana, vIrajana, vacana visAre nAMya / jimi sadhavA siMdUra kI, TIkI bhAla suhAya / / --(madhura zikSA, pR. 16) zrI gaNeza muni zAstrI sthAnakavAsI kavi-samAja ke eka sammAnanIya hastAkSara haiM jinhoMne prAcIna aura adhunAtana kAvya-zailiyoM kA saphala prayoga karake apane kauzala kA sundara paricaya diyA hai| jaina-jagat meM ve eka gar3ha cintaka, madha ra vyAkhyAnI aura sahRdaya kavi ke rUpa meM vikhyAta haiN| ve santa pahale haiM, kavi bAda meN| unakA saMta-rUpa jitanA divya hai, kavi rUpa bhI utanA hI bhavya hai| unakI apanI mAnyatA hai ki saMta hue binA koI kavi nahIM ho sktaa| saMta hRdaya arthAt sadAzayatA, zAlInatA, saccaritratA aura mAnavatA se yukta hRdaya ! satsAhitya kA sajana saMta-kavi hI kara sakate haiN| abhadra sAhitya kA nirmANa karane vAle saMta ho hI nahIM skte| (de. DA. rAmaprasAda dvivedI kRta zrI gaNeza muni zAstrI : sAdhaka aura sarjaka, pR. 111) inakI pramukha kAvya racanAeM haiM--gaNeza gItAjaMli, saMgIta-razmi, gIta-jhaMkAra, gItoM kA madhuvana, mahaka uThA kavi-sammelana, vANI-vINA, subaha ke bhUle aura vizva jyoti mahAvIra (prbNdh)| sIdhI aura sarala bhASA kA unhoMne sadaiva prayoga kiyA hai, kyoMki unakI mAnyatA hai ki isase jana-mAnasa bhASA ke jaTila zabda-jAla meM na ulajha kara kavitA kI AtmA se sIdhA saMbaMdha sthApita kara skegaa| jIvana aura jagat kI nissAratA ke bAre meM unake ye sUktyAtmaka vicAra kitane jIvanta haiM:-- (a) "bhAgyavAna itarA mata itanA, nahIM samaya rahatA ika saa| dekha sUrya ke tejasvI kI hotI dina meM tIna dazA // " -~(vANI-vINA, pR. 43)

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303 ( A ) " pala-pala meM yahAM madhura milana, pala-pala meM yahAM bichur3anA hai / jaga grAMkha micaunI kI krIr3A, khilanA aura sikur3anA hai / " - ( vahI, pR. 46 ) saMsAra ko asAra mAnane vAle jaina kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM svAbhAvika rUpa se aise sthala kama mileMge, jisameM kalpanA aura ramaNIyatA apekSAkRta adhika pAyI jAtI ho / dharma kI maryAdA meM baMdhA jaina kavi muktaka racanAoM meM harI bharI prakRti kI ramaNIyatA kA varNana yadAkadA hI kara pAtA hai / zrI gaNeza muni isake apavAda haiM / kavi kI lekhanI ne prakRti ke manohArI biMba ubhAre haiM / eka chaTA draSTavya haiH- "cAMda sitAre nabha prAMgaNa meM pulaka pulaka rasa nAca rahe, phalita pAdapoM kI DAlI para lacaka lacaka khaga nAca rahe / sAgara ke vakSasthala para yaha mAdaka laharoM kA abhinartana, fee pratyAzita atithi ke Ane kA hai mauna nimaMtraNa / " --- (vahI, pR. 165 ) gaNeza muni ne nayI zailI meM bhI racanAeM kI haiN| nayI kathAtmaka zailI meM likhI gaI racanAeM 'subaha ke bhUle" nAmaka saMgraha meM saMkalita haiM / ina kavitAoM meM unhoMne praraNaka, rathanemi, ASAr3ha bhUti,, bAhubali, gautama, kapila, tyAga-bhadra, arjunamAlI, candanabAlA, Adi ke udAttajIvana-prasaMgoM ko prabhAvakArI DhaMga se ujAgara kiyA hai / samrATa dazArNabhadra ko zramaNa ke veza meM dekha kara darpoddhata devarAja indra bhI pAnI-pAnI ho gae aura kahane lage- "saMsAra ke vaibhava ko de sakatA hai cunautI iMdra para tyAga ke aizvarya se TakarAne kA nahIM hai sAmarthya usameM, AdhyAtmika bala samakSa Tika nahIM sakatI deva zakti eka pala bhI, -- ( subaha ke bhUle, pR. 62-63) rAjasthAna kI sthAnakavAsI jaina paramparA ke poSaka Adhunika hindI kaviyoM meM muni zrI mahendrakumAra 'kamala' kA nAma bar3e Adara aura gaurava ke sAtha liyA jAtA hai / 'vidhi ke khela, bhagavAn mahAvIra ke preraka saMsmaraNa, mana kI vINA, mana ke motI, pyAse svara, prAdarza mahAsatI rAjula, phUla aura aMgAre, prakAza ke patha para' Adi aneka kAvya-kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se prAdhyAtmikatA, naitikatA aura mAnavIyatA kI triveNI pravAhita karane vAle isa projasvI saMta kavi ne hindI kA alakha jagAne kA sAdhu prayAsa bhI kiyA hai| inakI kavitAoM meM jahAM eka ora adhyAtma-surabhi se paripUrNa sumanAvaliyoM ke darzana hote haiN| se zrotaprota zabdoM ke aMgAre bhI damakate hue dikhAI par3ate haiN| yaha hai AhvAnaH- vahAM udbodhana ke zroja cunautIpUrNa zabdoM meM unakA jar3a siddhAMtoM kI lAzoM kA kaba taka bhAra uThAoge, parityAga hI zreSTha zranyathA miTTI meM mila jAoge / o pratIta meM ramane vAlo, vartamAna bhI pahacAno, soco, samajho, bhAMkheM kholo, kevala apanI mata tAno / uTho sAthiyoM, galata rUDhiyAM kaba taka kaho, karoge sahana, eka nayA parivartana lA do yA phira lo cUDiyAM pahana / " - ( mana ke motI, pR. 96 )

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304 sAmAjika kurItiyoM aura zoSaNa ke AdhArabhUta kAraNoM para isa saMta-kavi kI lekhanI ne kaThora prahAra kie haiN| daheja, bAla-vivAha, chAchata, jAti-bheda, zoSaNa, kAlA-vyavasAya, parigraha jaisI rUr3hiyoM aura pravattiyoM para kavi ne saikar3oM racanAeM kI haiN| ina racanAyoM ne samAja kI vicAradhArA ko hI prabhAvita nahIM kiyA, use bahuta kucha mor3A bhI hai| 'jIvana meM yadi AcAra na ho to vicAra kisa kAma kA? karma kI pravRtti na ho to jJAna ke saMgraha kA kyA lAbha ?' (mana ke motI, pR.93) kartavyoM ke prati jAgarUka rahane kA bhAva to unakI racanAoM meM sarvatra hI dekhA jA sakatA hai| Adhunika yuga vijJAna kA yuga hai, bhautika unnati aura upalabdhiyoM kA yuga hai| ise nakArA nahIM jA sktaa| jaina sAdhu bhI vartamAna jIvana kI isa vastusthiti kI upekSA nahIM karate, parantu ve aise vijJAna kA kabhI samAdara yA samarthana nahIM kara sakate, jisameM dharma kI preraNA ke lie kiMcit bhI avakAza na ho| aise vijJAna se manupyatA ke kalyANa kI kAmanA nahIM kI jA sktii| kavi ne kitane prabhAvI DhaMga se apane isa daSTikoNa ko abhivyakta kiyA hai : "dharma zUnya vijJAna prema ke puSpa na kabhI khilA sakatA, vidyuta de sakatA kintu maitrI ke dIpa na kabhI jalA sktaa|" --(mana ke motI, pR. 66) karmavAda jaina darzana kA eka mahatvapUrNa adhyAya hai| mAnava-jIvana kI niyati karmAdhIna hai| karma hI sukha ke AdhAra haiM aura karma hI duHkha ke kAraNa hote haiN| zubha aura azubha karma hI jIvana meM ujiyAlI aura kAlimA lAte rahate haiN| mAnava kA uddhAra yA jIvAtmA kI makti taba taka saMbhava nahIM hotI jaba taka ki usake saba karma, zabha-azabha, kSaya nahIM ho jAte / jisa kSaNa aisA hotA hai, vyakti vyaktitva bana jAtA hai va AtmA paramAtmA meM badala jAtI hai| parantu jaba taka aisA nahIM hotA, taba taka to manuSyoM ko apane karmAnasAra sukha-duHkha ke sAtha prAMkhamicaunI karanI hI hotI hai| mAnava jIvana ke isa satya ko vyakta karate haiM muni mahendra 'kamala' ina zabdoM meM:-- "pUrva janma ke zubha karmoM se koI mAra nahIM sakatA, azubha karma hoM yadi prANI ke, koI tAra nahIM sktaa| bhoga binA karma phala, sunie hotA nahIM bhava-bhramaNa vinAza, yahAM karma hI sUkha pahaMcAte aura karma dete saMtrAsa / " --(bhagavAna mahAvIra ke preraka saMsmaraNa, pR. 14) samAjoddhAraka jai. ratna divAkara muni zrI cauthamalajI kI ziSya-paramparA meM aneka kavi-ratna haiN| unameM ullekhanIya haiM zrI kevala mni| apane guru kI bhAMti hI inhoMne bhI samAja ke hara aMga ke saMpUrNa vikAsa ke lie udbodhana diyA hai, sAhitya-sRjana kiyA hai / inake kavi-rUpa meM inakA gAyaka-rUpa pUrI taraha ghulA huA hai / inakI mAdhurya-yukta vANI samAja ke logoM para jAdU sA asara DAlatI rahI hai| inakI racanAeM geya hone ke kAraNa adhika lokapriya aura grAhya siddha huI haiN| inakI mukhya racanAeM haiM--mere gIta, kucha gIta, madhuragIta, sundaragIta, sarasa gIta, gIta lahariyAM, gIta saurabha, mahakate phUla, merI bagiyA ke phUla, vIrAMgada sumitra-caritna, gIta-gujAra graadi| inakI kavitAoM kI bhASA sIdhI sarala hindI hai| jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM ke pracAra ke sAtha-sAtha inakI racanAoM meM samAjoddhAra aura rASTrotthAna kA svara bhI mukharita huA hai| rASTra kI mahattA svIkArate hue ve kahate haiM:--- "kuTumba vyakti se UMcA hai aura jAti kuTumba se bar3ha kara / prAnta jAti se Upara lekina rASTra para saba nyochAvara / " -(gIta-guMjAra, pR. 212)

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305 kevala muni kI gItAtmaka paMktiyoM meM paryApta bhAva nihita rahatA hai| apanI bAta ko samajhAne kA unakA apanA viziSTa DhaMga hai| ve aise dRSTAnta yA upamAna cunate haiM jinakA prabhAva sIdhA aura gaharA par3atA hai| prastuta uddharaNoM meM se eka meM unhoMne cintA ko aisA bojhA mAnA hai, jise Dhone para koI majadUrI milane kI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai aura dUsare meM ve kAle dhana ko aisI kAgaja kI nAva mAnate haiM, jisake galane meM koI AzaMkA nahIM kI jA sktii| kitane spaSTa para gahana artha se pUrNa haiM ye kAvyAMza :-- ) sira paM lagAlo prAnanda kI rolI, pheMka do sAthI cintA kI jholI. jisakI maz2adUrI bhI mile nahIM, aise bhAra ko DhonA kyA ? --(kucha gIta, pR 15) (A) pApoM kI pUMjI pyAre, pacatI nahIM kabhI bhI, kAgaz2a kI nAva pala meM DUbegI, jaba glegaa|" --(gIta-guMjAra, pR. 56) sthAnakavAsI jaina paramparA ke kaviyoM kI paMkti meM kucha aura bhI ullekhanIya hastAkSara haiM, jaise rameza mani, subhASa mani, azoka mani aura mala mni| mevAr3a bhaSaNa zrI pratApamala ke ziSya ratna zrI rameza muni eka udIyamAna kavi haiN| "bikhare motI, nikhare hIre" unakI mahatvapUrNa kAvya kRti hai, jisameM unakI kAvya sRjana pratibhA ke saMketa milate haiN| unhoMne apane DhaMga se atyanta sarala bhASA meM vairAgya zataka, satayuga zataka, aura kalayuga zataka kI racanA kI hai| sau-sau chaMdoM meM unhoMne satayuga aura kalayuga kI pravRttiyoM kA sundara citra samupasthita kiyA hai| isI prakAra vIra-gaNa ikkIsI, parva ikkIsI aura prArthanA paccIsI unaka AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se ota-prota sundara racanAeM haiN| jaina divAkara mani zrI cauthamalajI kI ziSya paramparA meM zrI subhASa muni aura zrI azoka muni ne bhI aneka racanAeM likhI haiN| ina kavi-dvaya ne saMgIta kA adhika sahArA liyA hai| inake gItoM meM jahAM AdhyAtmika prakAza kI jhalaka hai, vahIM sAmAjika uddhAra ke svara bhI vidyamAna haiN| navakAra cAlIsA, jina-stuti -- aura saMgIta saMcaya ke racayitA zrI azoka mani kI ye mAnavatAvAdI paMktiyAM draSTavya haiM : "sUraja saba ke ghara jAtA, pAnI saba kI pyAsa bujhAtA, pavana jagata ke prANa bacAtA, dharatI to hai sabakI mAtA, isapai koI adhikAra jatAe kaisA hai ajJAna ! mAnava mAnava eka samAna / --saMgIta saMcaya, pR. 15) zrI mala muni ne "samarAditya caritra, kuvalayamAlA-caritra, ajApuna caritra, ambaDa caritra' Adi prAcIna kathAnoM ko lekara lagha carita kAvya likhe haiN| "apanA khe carita kAvya likhe haiM / "apanA khela : apanI mukti" gautama pRcchA ke DhaMga para likhI gaI kRti hai jisameM acche-bure karma ke puNyaphalapApaphala kI praznottara zailI meM vivecanA kI gaI hai| zramaNoM kI bhAMti kAvya ke kSetra meM jaina zrAvaka kaviyoM kA bhI amUlya yogadAna rahA hai| vartamAna kAla meM saikar3oM aise kAvyadharmI sAhityika haiM jinhoMne apanI zabda sAdhanA se dharma aura samAja kI mahanIya sevA kI hai| aise zramaNetara zrAvaka kaviyoM meM zrI nainamala jaina kA nAma Adara ke sAtha liyA jA sakatA hai| jAlora jile meM sAhitya kI divya jyoti ko apanI mUka gambhIra sAdhanA se pradIpta rakhane vAle nainamala jaina ne karuNA siMdha neminAtha aura

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306 pativratA rAjala, paMcavarNA, pavanAMjanA, vidhuvana aura naina-kAvya-saMgraha jaisI abhirAma kAvya kRtiyoM ke mAdhyama se svadharma aura svabhASA ke prati jo zraddhA-sevA arpita kI hai, vaha statya hai| kavi ne dvivedIkAlIna itivattAtmakatA ko usakI samasta sarasatA aura rocakatA ke sAtha jIvita ravakhA hai| isa saMdarbha meM unakA khaNDa-kAvya 'pavanAMjanA' vizeSa rUpa se ullekhya hai| satI aMjanA ke mahimAmaya caritra ko ujAgara karane vAlI yaha choTI sI prabaMdhAtmaka kAvya racanA hindI sAhitya kI eka sarasa aura prabhAvI kavitA hai| yadyapi kavi ne yatra-tatra varNanoM meM pAramparika pratIkoM aura zailI ko apanAyA hai, para prastuti itanI sugaThita aura lalita hai ki vaha navatA kA ramaNIya Ananda bhI pradAna karatI calatI hai| kAvya meM aMjanA kA sauMdarya-varNana ho athavA viraha-varNana, donoM hI sthitiyoM meM kavi ne pAramparika zailI kA nirvAha kiyA hai| prakRti ke ve sAre upAdAna jo saMyoga meM sukha kara lagate haiM, viraha kAla meM asIma daHkha ke kAraNa bana jAte haiN| virahiNI aMjanA kI dazA bhI vaisI hI hai jaisI sUra, jAyasI aura bihArI kI nAyikAoM kI rahI hai / yathA-- "kokila kA svara kaTa lagatA thA jalA rahe the puSpa palAza makUlita Amra TIsatA mana ko, viSa-sA dAhaka thA madhamAsa / jyeSTha mAsa kI la sama usako tapA rahI thI zIta bayAra, karNapuToM ko kaTu lagatI thI madhura madhukaroM kI guMjAra / " ---(pavanAMjanA, pR. 57) 'pavanAMjanA karmavAda para AdhArita kAvya-racanA hai| prathama rAtri ko pati kI snehAnukampA se vaMcita raha jAnA, bAraha varSoM taka viyoga kI agni meM jalate rahanA. phira priyasamAgama kA sUkha upalabdha honA, garbhavatI hone ke pazcAt sAsa-sasura aura mAtA-pitA ke ghara se lAMchita hokara nikAlA jAnA, anta meM priyatama kA sthAyI rUpa se mila jAnA--ye saba aMjanA ke lie karma ke hI khela the| yathA-- karma satra se baMdhe hae saba kaThaputalI se karate khela. kisake lie rudana vyAkulatA kisake lie zatratA mela ? re mana nispRha hokara jhelo, jo kucha hai karmoM kA khela, hai pratirodha azakta, ataH mana kaisA mIna aura kyA meSa / " --(vahI, pR. 51) DA. narendra bhAnAvata mAnavatAvAdI vicAradhArA ke kavi haiM, jinakI racanAoM meM AzA, vizvAsa, karma, puruSArtha aura mAnavAdarza ke tatvoM kA jIvanta samucya milatA hai / aneka sAhityika aura dhArmika graMthoM ke lekhaka-saMpAdaka DA. bhAnAvata kI do kAvya pustake ullekha nIya haiM ----"eka -pAdamI, mohara aura kUrsI" tathA dUsarI "mATI-kuMkuma" | "grAdamI, mohara. aura karsI" meM unakI nayI kAvya zailI meM likhI gaI yathArthaparaka racanAeM saMgrahIta haiM aura "mATI kaMkama" meM unakI mAnavatAvAdI rasa-pradhAna racanAeM saMkalita haiN| prastuta paMktiyoM meM kavi ne karuNA, prema, zrama, mAnavIya garimA aura dhAmika rUr3hiyoM kI nirarthakatA ko sundara DhaMga se rUpAyita kiyA hai:-- yadi nahIM pAMva kI dhali bhAla para car3hA sake, yadi nahIM kisI kI pIr3A ko ura basA sake, zmazAnoM meM jalane vAlI cItkAroM ko,

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307 yadi nahIM premakI jaladhArA meM bahA sake, to gaMgA meM DubakI lene se kyA hogA ? tuma zrama kI pAvana bandoM meM gote khAo / hogA pASANoM ke pUjana-arcana se, mAnava mUrata jaba taka mana meM nahIM basAyo / kyA - ( mATI kuMkuma, pR. 17 ) zrI zobhAcandra bhArilla kA bhI kavitA ke kSetra meM prazaMsanIya yogadAna hai / apane "bhAvanA" nAmaka kAvya saMgraha meM ve eka sazakta aura prabhAvazIla kavi ke rUpa meM samakSa prAte haiM / sva, saMvara, nirjarA, loka Adi tatvoM kA unhoMne sundara DhaMga se kAvyAtmaka vizleSaNa kiyA hai| inakI kavitAoM meM karmacAlita niyati kI carcA aneka sthAnoM para dekhI jA sakatI hai / apane eka chanda meM unhoMne karma ko madArI aura jIvoM ko bandaroM kA pratIka banA kara karmavAda kI sthApanA ko rUpakAtmaka DhaMga se citrita kiyA hai: "karma aura kaSAyoM ke vaza hokara prANI nAnA, kAyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai tajatA hai jaga nAnA, hai saMsAra yahI, anAdi se jIva yahIM dukha pAte, karma madArI jIva vAnaroM ko hA, nAca nacAte / " -- ( bhAvanA, pR. 7) uparyukta kaviyoM ke pratirikta zramaNavarga aura gRhasthavarga meM aneka kavi haiM jo samayasamaya para apanI kAvyArAdhanA se mAM bhAratI kA bhaNDAra samRddha kara rahe haiM / zramaNa varga ke kaviyoM meM sarvazrI sUrya muni, madhukara muni saubhAgya muni 'kumuda', umeza muni 'aNu', sumera muni, madana muni 'pathika', bhagavatI muni 'nirmala', magana muni 'rasika', rajata muni, sukana muni, rameza muni, ajita muni 'nirmala', raMga muni, abhaya muni, vinoda muni, jinendra muni, hIrA muni 'himakara', vIrendra muni, rAjendra muni, zAMti muni, pArasa muni yAdi tathA gRhastha varga ke kaviyoM meM sarva zrI DA. indararAja baida'], sUrajacanda satyapremI ( DAMgIjI), paM. udaya jaina, ratnakumAra jaina 'ratneza,' daulatarUpacanda bhaNDArI, jItamala caupar3A, tArAcanda mehatA, DA. mahendra bhAnAvata, campAlAla caurar3iyA, vipina jArolI, hanumAnamala botharA, madanamohana jaina 'pavi', jitendra dhIMga Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki rAjasthAna kI sthAnakavAsI jaina paramparA ne hindI sAhitya kSitija para aise aneka nakSatroM ko prastuta kiyA hai jinhoMne apanI zabda - sAdhanA ke grAloka se dharma aura samAja ke abhyudaya kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai / ina kaviyoM kI kAvya-sAdhanA ke mukhyataH do lakSya rahe haiM-- eka, apanI vicAradhArA kA poSaNa aura dUsarA hindI kI sevA / prastuta lekha meM vivecita kavi ina donoM hI lakSyoM kI pUrti meM lage hue zatAdhika kaviyoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / ye kevala sthAnakavAsI cintana ko hI vyAkhyAyita- pratipAdita nahIM karate, hindI kavitA kI vividha zailiyoM, prayogoM aura AyAmoM kA bhI svarUpa darzana karAte haiM / 1 isa lekha ke lekhaka DA. indararAja baida projasvI kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha sudhI samIkSaka aura prabuddha vicAraka bhI haiN| "rASTra maMgala" nAma se inakA eka kavitA saMgraha prakAzita huA hai / isameM kavi kI mAnavatAvAdI rASTrIya bhAvanA kI saMpoSaka, lokamaMgalavAhI 41 kavitAeM saMgrahIta 1 AvegamayI bhASA aura udbodhana bharA jAgRti svara ina kavitAoM kI mukhya vizeSatA hai / -saMpAdaka /

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hindI jaina kAvya-4 -DaoN. mUlacanda seThiyA prAcArya bhIkhaNajI dvArA pravartita terApaMtha kI sAhitya sAdhanA ke aneka AyAma haiM, jinameM hindI kAvya-racanA navInatama aura anyatama hai| prathamAcArya bhIkhaNajI aura caturtha prAcArya jItamalajI rAjasthAnI bhASA ke mahAna kavi the, jinhoMne darzana aura adhyAtma ke nigUDha tatvoM ko kAvya ke kalAtmaka paridhAna meM jana-mana ke samma kha upasthita kiyA thaa| unake kAvya meM prabodhana ke svara hai, jo vyakti ko pramAda se mukta kara AdhyAtmika jAgaraNa ke nava-prabhAta meM prAMkheM kholane ke lie prerita karate haiN| saMskRta kAvya-racanA kA zrIgaNeza jayAcArya ke yuga meM ho gayA thA, yadyapi isa dhArA kA vegamaya pravAha aSTamAcArya kAla gaNI ke yuga meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| parantu, hindI kAvya-racanA kA prArambha to vartamAna prAcArya tulasI gaNI kI preraNA se vikrama kI ikkIsavIM zatAbdI ke sAtha hI hamA hai| prAcArya zrI tulasI kI preraNA aura protsAhana se hI terApaMtha ke sAdhu aura sAdhvI yA samAja meM anekAneka labdhapratiSTha kaviyoM kA sAhitya sRjana upalabdha hotA hai| AcAryapravara ne hindI ko kaI mahatvapUrNa kAvya hI nahIM die haiM, aneka pratibhAzAlI kavi bhI pradAna kie haiN| prAcArya zrI tulasI ke kAvya-sajana ko do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| prathama prabandha-kAvya (jinameM 'bharatamukti' aura 'ASADhabhUti' pradhAna haiM) aura dvitIya muktaka racanAeM jo aNuvrata gIta' meM saMkalita haiN| 'bharata mukti' prAcArya zrI tulasI kA prathama prabandha kAvya hai| Apake hI zabdoM meM prastuta kAvya-nirmANa ke makhyatayA do uddezya the-1. sAdha-saMgha meM hindI kAvya kI dhArA ko pravAhita karanA, 2. RSabhaputra bharata cakravati ko kAvya-zailI meM prastuta krnaa|' bharata aura bAhubalI kA yuddha eka aisA kathAvRtta hai, jo pUrNatayA itihAsasiddha nahIM hote hue bhI apane Apa meM bhAratIya samAja-vikAsa ke aneka sUtroM ko sameTe hue hai| yaha prabandha-kAvya teraha sargoM meM vibhakta hai aura isameM zAnta, vIra, rodra aura bIbhatsa Adi aneka rasoM kA puSTa paripAka huA hai| isameM jahAM eka ora rAjaprAsAdoM meM calane vAle chala-chandoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai, vahAM dUsarI ora vanya jIvana kI zAnta madhurimA bhI zabdoM meM sAkAra ho gaI hai| terahaveM sarga meM bharata kA caritra zaradAkAza kI bhAMti nitAnta nirmala hokara nikhara uThA hai, parantu pUrvavartI sargoM meM jIvana ke aneka prArohoM aura avarohoM kA savistAra varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa kAvya meM jIvana kI vividhatA, vipUlatA aura virATatA kA adbhuta saMgama huA hai| yaddha-varNana meM kavi kI lekhanI ne kahIM-kahIM kAvyotkarSa ke utkRSTa udAharaNa upasthita kiye haiM / krodhoddhata bAhubalI kA yaha citra apane Apa meM aparva hai maMdarAdri vicalita huA avicala dhRti ko chor3a mAno ambudhi avani para jhapaTA sImA tor3a / mahA bhayaMkara rUpa se prakupita huA kRtAnta lagatA aisA sannikaTa hai aba to kalpAnta / 'ASADhabhUti' eka caritAtmaka prabandha-kAvya hai| prAcArya ASADhabhUti, jinakI vaktRtA ke prabhAva se ujjayanI nagarI jhUma uThI thI, paristhitiyoM kI viDambanAvaza chaha sukumAra bAlakoM kA vadha kara DAlate haiN| antataH unakA priya ziSya vinoda devayoni se pAkara apane pathabhraSTa guru ko

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309 prabodhita karatA hai aura unakI vicalita AstikatA ko pUnaH pratiSThita karatA hai| 'ASADhabhUti ke sampAdakoM ne ise 'nAstikatA para AstikatA kI vijaya kA abhivyaMjaka prabandha kAvya' kahA hai, jo ucita hI hai| tAtvika viSayoM ke pratipAdana meM kavi ne kahIM-kahIM dArzanika kI mudrA dhAraNa kara lI hai| prAcArya zrI tulasI ke ye donoM prabandha-kAvya sAmAnya prabandha kAvyoM se bhinna koTi inameM sAhityikatA kI apekSA lokatAtvikatA kA prAdhAnya hai| inakI racanA nAnA rAgopeta gItikAtroM ke saMkalana ke rUpa meM kI gaI hai| ye kAvya pAThaya se adhika geya haiM aura inameM vaiyaktikatA kI apekSA sAmahikatA kA svara adhika prabala hai| 'aNuvrata gIta' meM aneka zailiyoM aura rAginiyoM meM likhI huI bahuvidha gItikAeM saMkalita hai| kevala sAhityika daSTi se inakA mUlyAMkana karanA asamIcIna hogA kyoMki ye spaSTataH jana-jAgaraNa evaM naitika prabodhana ke pracArAtmaka uddezya se likhI gaI hai| phira bhI, katipaya gItikAoM meM bhAvanA aura abhivyaMjanA kA svAbhAvika saundarya dRSTigata hotA hai / yathA :-- choTI-sI bhI bAta DAla detI hai bar3I darAreM, galataphahamiyoM se khica jAtI prAMgana meM diivaareN| isakA ho samucita samAdhAna to miTa jAe vyavadhAna re| bar3e prema se mila jula sIkheM maMtrI maMtra mahAn re / prAcArya pravara ne aneka gItikAoM meM apane ArAdhya devoM ke prati bhAvabharI zraddhAMjaliyAM arpita kI haiN| vastutaH prAcArya zrI tulasI kavi hone ke pUrva eka yugapradhAna dharmAcArya, mahAn adhyAtma-sAdhaka aura naitika jAgaraNa ke agradata haiN| bharatamakti kI bhamikA meM Apane likhA bhI hai 'kavitA kI prasannatA kA prasAda pAne ke lie maiMne kabhI prayatna nahIM kiyA, usakA sahavatitva hI mujha hitakara lagA / ' 'Ara pAra' meM saMkalita sevAbhAvI ma ni zrI campAlAlajI kI adhikAMza racanAeM rAjasthAnI bhASA meM haiN| parantu, isa saMkalana meM katipaya hindI racanAeM bhI haiN| campaka mani kI racanAoM meM unakA sarala-nizchala vyaktitva pratibimbita huA hai| abhivyakti kI saralatA meM bhI eka svAbhAvika sundaratA hai: ucca zikhara se gala-gala kara, kala-kala kara nirjhara bahatA burA-bhalA yaza-apayaza sunatA, vividha ThokareM shtaa| tuma karo na mana ko mlAna, mileMge pyAsoM ko priya prANa nIra ! tuma Dhalate hI jAgro // mani zrI nathamalajI jaina darzana ke eka diggaja vidvAna aura mahAna adhyAtma-sAdhaka haiN| unhoMne dharma, darzana, adhyAtma aura nyAya viSayaka aneka granthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| parantu, ve jIvana ke anatigaMbhIra kSaNoM meM apanI marmAna bhUtiyoM ko kAvya ke mAdhyama se bhI abhivyakta karate rahe haiN| unhoMne svayaM likhA hai: "kavitA mare jIvana kA pradhAna viSaya nahIM hai| maiMne ise sahacarI kA gaurava nahIM diyaa| mujhe isase anucarI kA-sA samarpaNa milA hai|" 'phUla aura aMgAre' tathA 'gUMjate svara bahare kAna' meM muni zrI kI kavitAe saMkalita hai| munizrI ne apane kAvya ke dvArA usa sahajAnanda ko abhivyakta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, jo mAnasa kI paratoM ke nIce soyA huA rahatA hai| isa sahajAnanda ke mala meM jIvana ke prati samatA kA daSTikoNa hai| isa samatva buddhi se prerita hokara hI Apa yaha kaha sake hai:-- koMpala aura kulhAr3I ko bhI sAtha lie tuma cala sakate ho /

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310 jo koMpala aura kulhAr3I ko sAtha lekara cala sakatA hai, use hI rajakaNa aura hIrakahAra tulya mUlya ke pratIta ho sakate haiN| manISI kavi kI daSTi 'maiM' aura 'tuma' kI saMkIrNa sImAoM kA atikramaNa kara mAnavIya astitva kI carama sArthakatA para kendrita hai| parantu, isa caramAnubhUti ke antarAla se yadA-kadA vicAra ke aneka choTe-bar3e kaNa jhAMkate hae pratIta hote haiM, jo jIvana kA eka naI mUlya-mImAMsA prastuta karate hai:-- phUla ko cAhie ki vaha kalI ko sthAna de kalI ko cAhie ki vaha phUla ko sammAna de patajhar3a ko rokA nahIM jA sakatA koMpala ko TokA nahIM jA sktaa| munizrI baddhamalajI dIrghakAla se kAvya kI saphala sAdhanA karate rahe haiN| ve bhAvuka haiM, parantu unakI bhAvakatA meM bhI citana kA unmeSa hai| unake svara kI komalatA jIvana kI kaThoratA ke 'cailenja' ko svIkAra karane meM nahIM hickicaatii| bhAvAbhivyakta kI cArutA ke lie unhoMne sajaga prayAsa nahIM kiyA hai, parantu unakI kavitAoM kA kalA-pakSa bhI paryApta paripuSTa hai| munizrI kI kavitAoM kA prathama saMkalana 'manthana' nAma se prakAzita huA thA, jisakI bhUmikA yazasvI kavi sva. rAmadhArIsiMha 'dinakara' ne likhI thii| dvitIya saMkalana 'mAvarta' hai, jisameM aApake bhAvacakra kI aneka gati-bhaMgimAoM ko lakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| ApakI jIvanadaSTi vyaSTi aura samaSTi ke samanvaya para aAdhArita hai| apanI kAvya-sAdhanA ke sambandha meM Apane likhA hai 'mujhe na kevala apanA hI sukha-duHkha isa ora prerita karatA rahA hai, apitu, dUsaroM kA sukhaduHkha bhI merI anubhati ke kSetra meM AtA rahA hai, ApakI racanAoM meM advaitamUlaka dArzanika cintana bhI hai, parantu sUlata: grApa pauruSa ke kavi hai| saMkalpa kA sabala svara ApakI kavitAoM ko viziSTatA pradAna karatA hai: maiM rukaM pratIkSA ko, isase to acchA hai tuma apanI hI gati ke krama meM tvaratA bhrlo| maiM to bIhar3a meM bhI ekAkI cala lUMgA tuma sAtha calo, na calo, apanA nirNaya karalo / manizrI nagarAjajI kA yogadAna gadya sAhitya ko adhika hai| parantu Apane katipaya mAmika kavitAroM kA bhI sarjana kiyA hai| ApakI kavitAoM meM sAdhaka ke lie udbodhana hai, pratikUlatAoM ke sAtha saMgharSa karate hue niraMtara prAge bar3hate rahane kI pravala preraNA hai| parantu, munizrI kI kucha aisI bhI racanAeM haiM, jinameM yuga-bhAvanA ke anurUpa nyAya kI pukAra ko pratidhvanita kiyA gayA hai| ina paMktiyoM meM yaga-mAnava kA pAhata abhimAna hI nahIM, usakI nyAya kI mAMga bhI gUjatI huI sunAI par3atI hai: rahane do basa dAna tumhArA rahane do sammAna tumhArA / grAja mujhe to nyAya cAhie apane zrama kI Aya caahie|

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$11 unakI vANI kA vaibhava unakI paMkhur3iyAM' meM pAMca carita haiM, jo Apane aneka lokadhunoM kA prayoga ye kavitAeM prabandhAtmaka hote ghaTanA-prasAra ko sUkta sAMketikatA munizrI candanamalajI eka prabhAvazAlI vyAkhyAtA haiM / vaktRtA meM hI pragaTa hotA hai / unake dvArA racita 'zatadala kI vyAkhyAna meM upayoga karane ke uddezya se chandobaddha kie gae haiN| karate hue kavitA meM vibhinna rAginiyoM kA samAveza kiyA hai / hue bhI inameM prabandha kAvya kA vaividhya aura vistAra nahIM hai / ke sAtha prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / 'kucha kaliyAM kucha phUla' meM munizrI sAgaramalajI 'zramaNa' kI kavitAeM saMkalita kI gaI haiM / 'zramaNa' meM sahaja kAvya-pratimA hai aura unhoMne apanI kAvyAnubhUtiyoM ko rasamaya abhivyakti pradAna kI hai, jo anAyAsa hI hRdaya ko sparza karatI hai / Apake kAvya meM jahAM samarpaNa ke svaroM kA guMjAra hai, vahAM jIvana ke saMgharSo kI cunautI kA sahaja svIkAra bhI hai / yaha saMgharSa kisI zakti ke sAtha nahIM, apane hI mana ke zrAvarta -vivarta ke sAtha hai / kavi ne apanI antardRSTi ke dvArA jIvana kA eka samanvita citra aMkita kiyA hai: kintu, abhI taka jitanA bhI par3ha suna pAyA hUM, mitra, milana se ghAva hRdaya kA khulatA bhI hai, milatA bhI hai| teja pavana se raMga megha kA ur3atA bhI hai, ghulatA bhI hai Ar3a bar3e kI lekara choTA palatA bhI hai, galatA bhI hai / muni rUpacandrajI eka labdhapratiSTha kavi haiM, jinake prathama kAvya-saMkalana 'andhA cAMda' ne hI unheM eka nae kavi ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kara dI thii| 'andhA cAMda' aura 'kalA kalA' kI racanAeM apane bhAva-bodha aura bhAva-saMpreSaNa kI ubhaya dRSTiyoM se naI kavitA kI samIpavartinI haiN| parantu, munizrI kavitA ke kisI varga vizeSa se paribaddha nahIM rahe haiN| unhoMne naI kavitAoM ke sAtha hI rubAiyAM bhI likhI haiM, jo 'khule AkAza" 'indra dhanuSa' aura 'guladastA' meM saMkalita haiM / munizrI rUpacandrajI kAvya meM sahaja ke upAsaka haiN| unhoMne svayaM likhA hai- 'laya-gIta, tukAntaatukAnta Adi ko samAna rUpa maiMne sammAna diyA hai|' unakI anubhUtiyoM kI sahajatA unakI abhivyakti meM bhI pratibimbita huI hai: AsthA kI ina gAyoM ko jar3atA ke khUMTe se mata bAMdho tuma kintu bhaTakane do inheM bIhar3a kI ina TeDhI-meDhI pagaDaMDiyoM meM aura carane do inheM khule AkAza meM sAMjha hote-hote ye svayaM ghara kA rAstA le leMgI / ApakI rubAiyoM meM rAgAtmaka saMvedana vizeSa rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavi ne loka-jIvana ke jisa kaTu yathArtha kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai, usane use kAphI jhakajhorA hai / kahIM-kahIM kavi kI abhivyakti kAphI tIkhI ho gaI hai: aba jarUrata nahIM salIba para laTakane kI khuda kraoNsa bana kara raha gaI yaha jindagI / munizrI mohanalAlajI 'zArdUla' ke kaI kavitA-saMgraha prakAzita hue haiM / 'patha ke gIta,' 'bahatA nirjhara', 'mukta muktA' aura 'muktadhArA' meM zrI 'zArdUla' kI racanAeM saMgrahIta haiM / Apake *

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312 muktaka apane rAgAtmaka saMvedana aura sahajabhAva-sampreSaNa ke kAraNa hRdaya ko sparza karate haiN| unake vyaSTi jIvana ke satya ke sAtha hI samaSTi jIvana kA yathArtha bhI abhivyaMjita hayA hai: AdamI prabhAva se hI nahIM, bhAva se bhI AkrAnta ho jAtA hai aura kore du:kha se hI nahIM, sukha se bhI AklAnta ho jAtA hai| duniyAM kA ajIba rahasya bilkUla hI samajha nahIM pAtA, AdamI tapa se hI nahIM, ujAloM se bhI udbhrAnta ho jAtA hai| 'anAyAsa' manizrI sakhalAlajI kI kavitAnoM kA saMgraha hai| mani rUpacandrajI ne isa saMgraha kI racanAoM kA paricaya dete hue jo kucha likhA hai, vaha satya ke bahuta nikaTa hai| 'anAyAsa kI kavitAeM anAyAsa hI likhI huI haiN| atyanta sahaja aura atyanta sAdagIpUrNa sajjA apane meM lie hue hai| spaSTa bhAva aura spaSTa bhASA, kahIM koI ghumAva aura utAra-car3hAva nhiiN| jaisA sAmane AyA, use atyanta akRtrima bhAva se zabdoM kA paridhAna de diyaa|' isa vaktavya kI sArthakatA pramANita karane ko yaha eka uddharaNa paryApta hogA: mIla ke patthara nahIM karate maMjila kI dUrI ko kama / para eka bhrama banAe rakhatA hai apanA krama / munizrI dulaharAjajI kAvya ke mUka sAdhaka haiN| unakI kavitAoM meM antavattiyoM kI sUkSma gatividhiyoM kA pAlekhana huA hai| bhASA para bhI unakA abAdha adhikAra hai, parantu na jAne kyoM unhoMne apanI racanAoM ko adyAvadhi aprakAzita hI rakhA hai| 'kAlajayI' aura 'paratoM kA darda' munizrI vinayakumArajI 'Aloka' kI do kRtiyAM haiM, jinameM kucha kavitAeM aura kucha kSaNikAe saMkalita kI gaI haiN| ina racanAoM ke sambandha meM prakhyAta aAlocaka DA. vijendra snAtaka kA mata ullekhya hai 'anubhava aura citana se saMgrathita hokara jo vicAra-kaNa munizrI ke mana meM ubharA hai, vahI kavitA banA hai| munizrI antaHsphUrta kavi haiN|' 'paratoM kA darda' meM kavi abhivyakti kI naI bhaMgimA ko grahaNa karatA pratIta hotA hai: jIvana baja-baja kara ghisa jAne vAlA rikArDa kharakharAtA svara hI isakI niyati hai / munizrI maNilAlajI ne kucha kSaNikAeM likhIM haiM jo apanI sUkta sAMketika abhivyakti ke kAraNa kAphI prabhAvazAlI bana par3I haiM :-- mahAnatA samudra ke rUpa meM baMda kA astitva hInatA bIja ke badale meM vRtta kA aham /

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813 munizrI vatsarAjajI kI kavitAoM ke do saMgraha 'ujalI AMkheM' aura 'aAMkha aura pAMkha' ke nAma se prakAzita hue haiN| mApakI dRSTi meM 'sahaja anubhUti kI sahaja abhivyakti hI kAvya kI paribhASA hai|' vatsa muni kI kavitAeM apanI isa kasauTI para kharI utaratI hai, parantu unakI anubhUti meM jijJAsAmUlaka citana bhI sammilita hai| jIvana ke prati eka uddAma AsthA ne Apako pratikUlatAoM ke sAtha saMgharSa karane kI zakti pradAna kI hai : garala kI pyAliyAM kitanI hI vikarAla kyoM na hoM ? madhuratA kI mIrA jaba unheM pIegI madhudhAra banA legii| munizrI mAnamalajI cirakAla se kavitAeM aura catuSpadiyAM likhate rahe haiN| unakI racanAeM viSaya-vaividhya kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| rAjasthAnI ke kaI siddhahasta kavi bhI hindI meM yadA-kadA likhate rahate haiN| muni madhukarajI ne madhurasvara hI nahIM pAyA hai, unake 'guMjana' ke gIta bhAva aura bhASA ke mAdhurya se ota-prota haiN| terApaMtha ke sAdha-samAja meM hI nahIM, sAdhvo-samAja meM bhI kAvya-sAdhanA kA krama varSoM se pala rahA hai| 'saragama' kI bhUmikA meM svayaM prAcAryazrI tulasI ne likhA hai, 'bhAvanA nArI kA sahaja dharma hai| ataH nArI hI vAstavika kavi ho sakatI hai| terApaMtha ke sAdhvI samAja ne prAcArya pravara isa ukti ko apanI prakhara sAhitya-sAdhanA ke dvArA satya siddha kara diyA hai| anekAneka sAdhviyAM kAvya-kSetra meM apanI pratibhA kA paricaya de rahI haiN| sAdhvI mukhA zrI kanakaprabhAjI svayaM eka rasasiddha kavayitrI hai, jinakI kavitAoM kA thima saMkalana 'saragama' ke nAma se prakAzita hayA hai| vastutaH kanakaprabhAjI kI kavitAeM unake bhAvoM kA itihAsa' haiN| unhoMne bhASA kI saMpreSaNa-zakti para praznacinha lagAte hue likhA hai : Aja svayaM meM bhAvoM kA likhane baiThI itihAsa, para bhASA pahuMcAegI kyA una bhAvoM ke pAsa ? paran, bhASA ne bahAdara taka sAdhvIpramukhAzrI kA sAtha nibhAyA hai| unakI bhASA sAdika hote hae bhI sukSma bhAva-chAyApoM ko grahaNa karane meM sarvathA samartha hai| sahaja sarala zabdAvalI meM unhoMne jIvana ke gahare rahasyoM ko udghATita karane meM saphalatA pAI hai: satya eka hai lekina kitanI huI Aja vyAkhyAeM mUla eka pAdapa kI phira bhI hai anagina zAkhAeM / sAdhvIzrI maMjalAjI ke tIna kavitA saMgraha prakAzita hae.'pradhakhalI palake'. "jalatI prazAsa' aura 'caharA eka hajAroM darpaNa' / maMjulAjI ne apane kAvyadarpaNa meM mAnava-mana kI aneka sthatiyoM ko pratibimbita kiyA hai| kavayitrI meM apane pApa ke prati aTUTa vizvAsa hai, jo use saMgharSoM meM zakti aura sambala pradAna karatA hai: jAnate ho svaya kA vizvAsa hI jaba taba jilAtA mAratA hai / samajha lo viSa ko sudhA phira to vahI saca eka bAra ubAratA hai|

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314 maMjulAjI ke kAvya meM kahIM-kahIM ve rahasyAtmaka saMketa bhI prApta hote haiM jinake mUla meM mAnava kI apane Apako jAnane kI jijJAsA hotI hai| Atmopalabdhi ke caraNoM meM kavayitrI ne isa cira purAtana satya kA navAmdeSa kiyA hai: hama bhI bhole hiraNoM kI jyoM bahuta bAra dhokhA khAte haiN| jinako pAnA bahuta sarala hai unake lie ulajha jAte haiM / sUI jo kho gaI sadana meM bAhara kaise mila pAegI ? jisako hama DhUMDhate yugoM se vaha apane meM hI antarhita / / 'sAkSI' hai zabdoM kI' sAdhvI saMghamitrAjI kI kavitAoM kA saMkalana hai / safrat ke ho zabdoM meM 'apane bhAvoM aura kalpanAoM ko zabdoM ke sAMce meM DhAla kara kavitAoM kI kAyA kI gar3hA gayA hai|' isameM kucha gItikAyeM hai aura kucha mukta chanda meM likhI huI kavitAeM / sAdhvI saMtAjI na kisI vAda se pratibaddha haiM aura na unakA koI vaicArika Agraha hai / sAdhanA patha kI anubhUtiyoM ko prakRtrima abhivyakti pradAna karane ke atirikta kavayitrI ne yuga-jIvana kI yathArthatA ko bhI citrita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / nikaTa ke yathArtha ko chor3akara Aja kA mAnava sudUra svapnoM ke pIche daur3a rahA hai: vasudhA kA vistAra bahuta koI basanA bhI jAne lagA rahA insAna kintu candA para nae nizAne mora papIhe AkAzI bUMdoM para prANa gaMvAte / sAdhvI sumanazrI jI ke 'sAMsoM kA anuvAda' meM jIvana aura jagata ke rahasyoM ko anubhUti ke dharAtala para lipibaddha kiyA gayA hai| ApakI kAvya-dRSTi antarmukhI hai aura Apa bAha, ya-jIvana kA citrAMkana bhI apane antara kI hI raMga-rekhAoM se karatI haiM / isa saMgraha kI sabhI kavitAo kA eka hI rUpAkaraNa hai aura apanI bhASA ko eka pariSkRta saundarya pradAna karane kI dizA meM sumanazrIjI vizeSa sakriya rahI hai: dhUla bharA zrAkAza ho jAtA hai dhUpa chAMha kA kabhI-kabhI prAbhAsa dina ghaTanA cakroM ke ratha haiM thAme hAtha kSaNoM ko zlatha haiM daur3a rahA hai azva samaya kA le jIvana kA zvAsa / prAcArya zrI tulasI ke dhavala samAroha ke avasara para solaha sAdhviyoM kI kavitAoM kA eka pratinidhi saMkalana 'sIpa aura motI' ke nAma se prakAzita huA thA / isa saMgraha kI racanAoM par3hakara hI yaha pratiti hotI hai ki ye kavayitriyAM agara vAgadevatA kI prArAdhanA karatI rahIM to eka dina sAhitya-jagat kA apanI amUlya bheMTa arpita kara skeNgii| ina kavitAoM meM sukha-duHkha ke prati samabhAvanA, lakSya ke prati maTUTa vizvAsa, sAdhanA - mArga kI pratikUlatAoM ko haMsate haMsa sahana karane kA saMkalpa aura jIvana ke prati eka udAtta dRSTikoNa kI abhivyakti huI hai| kavitAoM ke uddharaNa aprAsaMgika nahIM hoMge: kucha merA preya mile mujhako yaha jaba jaba socA taba taba bAdhAoM ne Akara usako nocA

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813 kintu prANa kA moha tyAga jo nikala par3A hai| usa jana ko bAdhAoM ne hai kaba kaba rokA? -sAdhvI zrI jayazrI mujhe na jAne sahajatayA kyoM priya lagatA saMgharSa ? aura usI meM prAMkA karatI maiM apanA ciraharSa / ---sAdhvIzrI kamalazrI yuga-yuga calatI rahUM isI patha, le saMyama kA bhaar| thakane kA kyA prazna ? agara kucha hai calane meM saar|| -sAdhvIzrI rAjImatI hindI kavitA ko terApaMtha kI dena vyApaka aura bahumukhI hai| terApaMthI sAdhu aura sAdhdhiyoM ke kAvya kA adhyayana kiyA jAe to hindI kavitA kI prAyaH sabhI zailiyoM aura pravRttiyoM ko isameM khojA aura pAyA jA sakatA hai| eka ora prAcAryazrI tulasI ke prabandha kAvya haiM to to dUsarI ora munizrI nathamalajI, munizrI rUpacandrajI kI naI kavitAeM haiM, jo apanI bhAvAbhivyakti kI naI bhaMgimA ke kAraNa hI nahIM, apane nae bhAvabotha ke kAraNa bhI adhunAtana kavitAoM meM sammilita kI jA sakatI hai| gIta aura maktaka likhane vAle kaviyoM kI saMkhyA sabase adhika hai| parantu muni vinayakumAra 'Aloka' aura muni maNilAla ne laghu kavitAoM ke kSetra meM bhI nae prayoga kie haiN| saMbhavataH kucha kavi akavitA ke Andolana se bhI prabhAvita hue ho| parantu, isa sampUrNa vaividhya meM eka samAnasUtratA bhI pAI jAtI hai| kathya kI dRSTi se isa saMpUrNa kAvya-sAhitya meM naitika malyoM kI pratiSThA hai aura vyakti ko 'asaMyama' se 'saMyama' kI ora le jAne kI pravRtti kA prAdhAnya hai| kisI bhI kavi ne mAnava kI kSudra kAmanAoM aura vAsanAoM ko nahIM ubhArA hai aura nahIM jIvana ke prati koI anudAtta dRSTikoNa hI upasthita kiyA hai| isa kAvya-sRjana kA lakSya rAga-raMjana nahIM, manuSya kA naitika unnayana aura AdhyAtmika unmeSa hai| isa kAvya kA mahatva isa bAta meM hai ki isa mahata uddezya ko prApta karane ke lie upadeza aura pravacana kI mudrA ko apanA kara kevala nIvana kI sataha para utArane kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| kaviyoM ne jIvana ke antastala meM avagAhana kara gahana bhAvAnubhUtiyoM kA svayaM sAkSAtkAra hI nahIM kiyA hai, unheM saha dayoM ke lie zabda ke mAdhyama se saMpreSita bhI kiyA hai| aneka aura kavayitriyoM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA jA sakA hai, kyoMki lekhaka ke paricaya kIprapanI sImAe haiN| ise kisI ke prati upekSA aura avajJA kA sUcaka nahIM mAnA jAnA caahie| DA. mUlacanda seThiyA ke. 7, mAlavIyA mArga sI-skIma, jayapura (rAjasthAna) /

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hindI padya sAhitya evaM sAhityakAra-5 paM. bhaMvaralAla nyAya tIrtha rAjasthAna meM hindI padya sAhitya kA nirmANakAla 100-150 varSa pUrva se prArambha hotA hai / isake pUrva rAjasthAnI kI vibhinna zAkhAoM meM jaise rAjasthAnI, hUMDhArI, mevAtI Adi bhASAoM meM likhA jAtA rahA thaa| yadyapi saMvat 1900 ke pUrva nibaddha kRtiyoM, kAvyoM evaM muktaka racanAoM meM hindI kA puTa milatA hai lekina hama unheM pUrNa hindI kI kRtiyAM nahIM kaha sakataM / jyoM-jyoM khaDI bolI kA pracAra-prasAra hotA gayA aura gadya-padya meM racanAeM hone lagI to jaina kaviyoM ne bhI vibhinna viSayoM meM likhanA prArambha kara diyaa| digambara jaina kaviyoM ne prAtmAparamAtmA ke atirikta sAmAjika, rASTrIya evaM sAhitya ke anya aMzo para bhI bahata likhA hai| hindI padya sAhitya ke vikAsa meM unhone apanA acchA yogadAna diyA hai| sAre rAjasthAna meM vizeSata: jayapura, koTA, bUMdI, alavara, bharatapura, sIkara va udayapura jaise pradezoM meM aneka kavi hue jinhoMne hindI bhASA meM choTI-bar3I aneka racanAeM kiiN| lekina mAhitya nirmANa ke isa kAla kA itihAsa meM koI ullekha na hone ke kAraNa abhI taka na kisI kavikA aura na usakI kRti kA koI malyAMkama ho sakA hai| isaliye aise kadiyoM kA Aja bhI pUrA paricaya upalabdha nahIM ho sakA hai| prastuta lekha meM aise hI kucha kaviyoM kA paricaya prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai 1. paM. mahAcanda sIkara nivAsI paM. mahAnandajI hindI gadya va padya ke acche lekhaka the| sambata 1915 meM unhoMne vilAkasAra pUSA likhI jo atyadhika lokapriya hai| tatvArtha mUtra kI hindI TIkA inhoMne kI tathA aneka bhakti paraka pada likhe / prApake padoM kI bhASA hindI hai parantu isa para rAjasthAnI kA bhI prabhAva hai| inhoMne pratyeka pada meM nAma ke sAtha "badha" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| Izvara ke darzana binA kavi kA eka kSaNa bhI kaTanA kaThina lagatA hai :---- kaise kaTe dina raina , daraza bina * * * * * * * jo pala ghaTikA tuma bina bItata so hI lage dukha dena' - - - - 'daraza bina kavi makti jAnA cAhatA hai, para kaise jAya-mArga to bhUla rahA hai...-- maiM kaise ziva jAUM rai Dagara bhalAvanI, bAlapane larakana saMga khoyau, triyA saMga javAnI / baddha bhayo saba sudhi gayI bhajI jinavara nAma na jAnI ata: jinavANI kA adhyayana karo---- jinavANI sadA sukhakArI jAni tuma sevo bhabika jinavAnI / 2. thAnasiMha ajamerA ajamerA jayapura meM 20 sadI ke pUrvArddha meM hue the| thAnavilAsa inakI pramukha kRti hai jisameM inakI vividha racanAoM kA saMgraha hai| kavi kI bhASA aura zailI donoM hI acche stara kI hai|

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317 saMvat 1934 meM inhoMne bIsa tIrthaMkara pUjA likhii| caitana AtmA ko bhramara kI upamA dete huye kavi ne eka bhAvapUrNa pada likhA hai cetana bhauga para meM ulajha rahA re chaka mada moha meM prayAno bhayo hole / 3. javAharalAla zAha ye bhI jayapura ke nivAsI the tathA 20vIM sadI meM hue the / vi. saM. 1952 meM inakA svargavAsa hA / inake dvArA racita cetanavilAsa, AlocanA pATha, vIsa tIrthaMkara pujA. sa pUjA Adi padyamaya racanAeM milatI haiN| hindI meM aneka pada bhI likhe huye milate haiM :-- aisA jaga mohi najara nahiM prAve, para taja apanI apnaaye| jaDa pUdagala se pApa bhinna lakhi, cetana gaNa kara bhAve / / 4. cainasukha luhADiyA inakA janma jayapura meM saMvat 1887 meM aura svargavAsa saM. 1949 meM huA thaa| ye hindI ke acche kavi the| Atmabodha meM darzana dazaka, zrIpati stota, kaI gujAeM tathA phaTakara racanAeM paryApta saMkhyA meM upalabdha hotI haiN| luhAr3iyA jI ko samasyA pUrti kA zauka thaa| saMgamaradAna kI zIrSaka samasyA pUrti dekhiye :-- rAnI jinavaca pratIta lAMcI sana tatvarIta svAtama abhIta jina cAhe cida bAne kI, cAha pAkazAsana, surAsana kI rahI nAMhi, kauna ginatI hai mukaraNa rASa rAnai kI / ukhari gaye madana kabhAva ke prADAraba phahare hai jinanda kI patAkA jIta pAne kI, . Thoki bhujadaNDa raNa bhUmi meM pachAraco moha zakla dhyAna caNDA ye taMga maradAna kii| 5. paM. cimanalAla ye bIsavIM zatI ke prArambha ke kavi the| saM. 1969 taka maujUda rahane kI bAta kaI logoM se sunI hai| arhannIti aura prAyazcita granthoM kA inhoMne hindI anavAda kiyA hai| inake aneka phuTakara padya bhI milate haiN| saMsAra kI dazA kA varNana karate hae kavi kahatA hai :-- jagata meM koI na dama kI bAta / mUMThI bAMdhe AyA bande, hAtha jhulAye jAta / dhana yauvana kA garva na karanA, yaha nahiM jAnata saath| dekha saMbhala prabala ripU sira para kAla lagAve bAta / koI bacAya sake nahiM usameM pitA mita aru bhrAta / chor3a asatya coTa para - banitA ye nita Thaga Thaga khAta / 6. mAnandopAdhyAya pUrA nAma zrI AnandIlAla jaina hai| janma jayapura meM vi. saM. 1970 tathA svargavAsa vi. saM. 2000 meM huA thaa| yadyapi inhoMne zAstrI kI parIkSA utIrNa kI thI lekina upAdhyAya

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318 parIkSA pAsa karane ke bAda hI ye kavitAeM karane laga gaye the aura anta taka apanA nAma AnandopAdhyAya hI likhate rhe| aneka patroM meM ApakI kavitAeM chapI haiN| vipadAoM se sadA kAnta ho, lagatA jIyana bhAra bhyo| kabhI rahasi maiM ro letA hUM, mana bhAvana ko mAra viyo / naath| ubArodratatara majhako, dekha rahA sUkha kA sapanA / antastala meM zAnti prAptakara Akhira vizva samajhe apanA / 7. pAzrvadAsa nigotyA 20vIM zatI ke pUrvArddha ke isa kavi ne aneka pada likhe haiN| jo hAla hI meM pArzvadAsa padAvali ke nAma se prakAzita hue haiN| isameM vibhinna rAgoM meM 423 pada haiM hindI ke bhI aura DhUMDhArI mana prANidhi kI vA saguNa tuma dRSTi ho, ho dayita AMsU bahAte turanta hI, dUsaroM ke darda dukha ko dekhakara , para rahA tumase jAtA nahIM, bora atyAcAra ko avaloka kara / 8. zrI analAla seDhI janma jayapura meM 9 sitambara 1888 / svargavAsa 22 sitambara 1941 / zikSA bI.e. 1902 meN| hoza saMbhAlane ke sAtha hI deza prema ke dIvAne ho gye| rAjanaitika aparAdha meM jela ke sIMkacoM meM bahuta samaya gujraa| ye pakke samAja sudhAraka, adbhuta vidvAna tathA prasiddha krAMtikArI the| rAjasthAna meM kAMgresa ke coTI ke netA bane / unhoMne vardhamAna vidyAlaya kI sthApanA kii| ye pujya gAMdhI jI ke sahayogI rhe| hindI ke ananya bhakta the| Apane mahendrakumAra nATaka, madana parAjaya nATaka aura pArasayajJa pUjA likhI tathA inake atirikta aura bhI kitanI hI racanAeM kI durdazA para do aAMsU bahAte hue kavi ne apane nimna vicAra vyakta kiye :-- par3e haiM ghora duHkhoM meM sabhI kyA raMka aura rAjA, huI bhArata kI yaha hAlata nahIM hai Aba aru daanaa| dharma ke nAma para jhagar3e yahAM para khUba hote haiM, baDhAke phaTa Apasa meM du:khoM kA bIja bote haiN| nirudyamI AlasI ho, dravya apane Apa khote haiM, hunA hai bhora unnati kA yaha bhAratavAsI sote haiN| aura phira dezavAsiyoM meM joza bharate hue kavi preraNA detA hai : saMbhAlo apane ghara ko aba jagAdo bUr3he bhArata ko, yaha garu hai sarva dezoM kA, uTho pyAro uTho pyaaro| jahAM ke anna pAnI se banI yaha deha hamArI hai, karo saba usapai nyauchAvara, uTho pyAro uTho pyaaro| 9. paM. canasukha dAsa nyAyatIrtha prAkRta evaM saMskRta sAhitya ke samAna paMDita jI hindI ke bhI ucca koTi ke vidvAna the| paMDita jI kavi hadaya the| dArzanika, bhaktiparaka va AdhyAtmika kavitAyeM likhane meM bhApakI

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319 vizeSa ruci thii| ApakI saikar3oM kavitAyeM jaina patroM ke atirikta sudhA, mAdhurI, arjuna, vizvavANI, kalyANa, vizvAmitra, ralAkara jaise aneka hindI ke coTI ke patroM meM prakAzita hii| paMDita jI kI kavitAoM kA saMgraha 'dArzanika ke gIta' nAma se prakAzita ho cukA hai| kavi kI bhakti meM bhI dArzanikatA hai| eka kavitA meM unase sanAtana satya meM milAne kI prArthanA nimna zabdoM meM kI hai: jJAna ke Aloka meM jahAM vAsanAeM bhAga jAtI, jo nirApada cintanAeM jahAM sadA vizrAma paatii| vaha nirAmaya dhAma bhagavAn hai kahAM mujhako batAdo, usa sanAtana satya meM hai nAtha tUM mujhako milaado| eka anya kavitA meM kavi ne dArzanikatA ke dvAra kI ora saMketa karate hue likhA hai kiduHkhamaya kSaNa bhaMgura saMsAra, kauna sAdhana se hogA pAra, pratikSaNa jIvana kA yaha lakSya, dArzanikatA kA uttama dvAra / kavi eka aora adhyAtma aura darzana kI carcA karatA hai to dUsarI ora saMsAra kI vastusthiti ko sozala nahIM krtaa| sArA saMsAra paise ke pIche kyoM daur3atA hai : isakA uttara kavi ne nimna zabdoM meM diyA hai: nara se nara ke peTa pujAtA, vipula rAzi meM jaba tUM aataa| nAma dhAma saba kAma badala jAte, tere A jAne se, hotI kSamatA shriigro| kavi ne kisI eka viSaya para bahatta kAvya grantha likhane ke sthAna para choTI-choTI kavitApro ke mAdhyama se bahuta uttama vicAra prastuta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| 10. bAMdamala baina 'zazi' janma bagavADA grAma (jayapura) meM 13-6-1910 ko, svargavAsa 7-2-74 kA, zikSA sAhityaratna, ema.e.hindI va saMskRta, bii.ttii.| inakI bacapana se hI kavitA karane meM ruci thI. zazi jI kA pUrA jIvana adhyApana ke rUpa meM bItA thaa| aApakI kavitAyeM jaina bandha,jaina darzana mAdi aneka patroM meM prakAzita huI haiN| ina kavitAoM meM prakRti varNana ke sAtha hI udabodhaka tatva acchI saMkhyA meM milate haiN| nirdhana kI yAtanA batAte hue kavi likhatA hai:-- ahaha ! nirdhanate ! tava pAza meM, phaMsa na pA sakatA nara zAnti hai| malina hai, rahatA mana sarva kA, vikalatA baDhatI dina rAta hai| 11, mAsTara nAnUlAla bhAvasA jayapura meM janma, cena kRSNA 4 vikrama saMvat 1950, svargavAsa pauSa kRSNA 11 saM. 2002 adhyayana iMTara tk| gaNita ke vishessjny| bar3e saumya aura zAnta prakRti ke the| kharatAla hAtha meM lekara bhajana gAte to mAtmavibhora ho jaate| bhaktiparaka AdhyAtmika kaI padApate likhe haiN| Apake choTe bhrAtA bhAI choTelAla jI pahale krAMtikArI the jolArDa hADiga para bama pheMkane ke silasile meM giraphtAra he| pIche gAMdhIjI ke ananya bhakta bane aura AjIvana gAMdhIjI ke sAtha rhe| mAsTara sAhaba ke bhajanoM kI eka pustaka 'nAnU bhajana saMgraha prakAzita hocakA hai| isa saMgraha meM sabhI bhajata mAdhyAtmika aura bhaktiparaka haiN|

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320 hai yaha saMsAra amArA, bhavasAgara UMDI dhArA, isa bhaMbara meM jo koI ramatA, vaha lahe ma kSaNa bhrmmtaa| 12. 4. cauthamala zarmA __ jayapura ke rahane vAle the| vikrama kI bIsavIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM inakA janma hupraa|digmbr jaina pAThazAlA jayapUra (vartamAna kAleja) meM adhyApaka hone se ye jainoM ke samparka meM kAphI praaye| vibhinna rAga-rAginiyoM meM Apane kaI jaina kathAnakoM ko gNthaa| cArudatta, mahIpAla, sukhAnanda, manoramA, brajadanta, nIlI, dhanyakumAra, viSNu kumAra, yamapAla cANDAla Adi kitane hI varNana inake likhe haiN| zAMtinAtha bhagavAna kI stuti karatA humA kavi likhatA hai-- zrI zAMtinAtha tribhuvana AdhAra, guNa guNa apAra, sohe nirvikAra, kalyANakAra jaga ati udAra, mheM unhIM ko zira nAvoM nAvoM nAMvAM / 13. paM. indra lAlajI zAstrI jayapura meM janma 21-9.1897 / svargavAsa san 1970 / zikSA sAhitya zAstrI taka / zAstrI jI saMskRta va hindI ke acche vidvAna the sAtha hI acche vaktA, lekhaka va kavi / dharma sopAna, prAtma vaibhava, tatvAloka, pazu vadha sabase baDA dezadroha' prAdi svatantra padyamaya racanAeM tathA bhaktAmara stotra, ekIbhAva stotra, kalyANa mandira, viSApahAra, bhUpAla caturvizati, prAtmAnuzAsana, svayaMbhU stotra, sAmAyika pATha Adi kA hindI anuvAda kiyaa| aneka phuTakara kavitAyeM bhI likhii| kavi kI kavitA kA eka udAharaNa isa prakAra jo pAzA ke dAsa haiM ve saba jaga ke dAsa hai, AzA jinakI kikarI unake paga jagavAsa / jo cAho jisa deza kA kalyANa maru utthAna, karo dharma kA anusaraNa, samajho dharma pradhAna / 14. javAhiralAla jaina inakA janma jayapura meM disambara 1909 meM humaa| inake pitAzrI jIvanalAla the| zikSA ema. e. itihAsa va rAjanIti zAstra meM, hindI meM vishaard| zrI jaina gaya aura padya ke pracche lekhaka haiN| gadya kI aneka racanAyeM chapa kI hai| padya kI dekhane meM nahIM paayiiN| kintu phira bhI samaya samaya para kaI patroM meM inakI kavitAyeM prakAzita huI hai| saMsAra ko chaliyA batAte hue kavi likhatA hai: kaisA hai chaliyA saMsAra, kisane pAyA isakA pAra, phUla phUla kara bala khAte haiM, haMsate haiM ve pyAre phUla, madhupa gAna karate Ate haiM, jAte haiM madhu pyAloM meM jhUla vAya kA jhoMkA pAtA hai, bhramara jhaTapaTa uDa jAtA hai, phala sotA miTTI kI goda TUTa jAtA sapanoM kA taar| 15. zrI anUpacandra nyAyatIrtha inakA janma jayapura meM dinAMka 10-9-1922 ko huaa| ye paM. cainasukhadAsa jI ke pramukha ziSyoM meM gine jAte haiN| aneka granthoM ke sampAdana meM DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ke

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321 sahayogI haiN| Apa eka pAza kavi bhI haiN| ApakI kavitAoM kI bhASA sarala va mAdharya lie hue hai| yadyapi inakI kavitAoM kA saMgraha rUpa meM to abhI taka prakAzana nahIM hayA kintu 300 se adhika kavitAeM Ajataka jaina saMdeza, anekAnta, vIravANI Adi patroM meM chapa cukI hai| bhArata bAhubali saMvAda, bAhubali vairAgya, (khaNDakAvya) inakI sundara kRtiyAM haiN| ravIndra nAtha Taigora dvArA likhita gItAMjalI ke karIba 60 gadyAMzoM kA pApane padya meM sundara anavAda kiyA hai| isake atirikta kAMjIbArasa, candana evaM rohiNI brata kI pUjA likhI hai jo prakAzita ho cakI hai| gItAMjalI ke eka gadyAMza kA eka anuvAdita padya isa prakAra hai: dUra kara yaha dhUpa khenA, aura phUloM ko car3hAnA, toDa vyartha samAdhiyoM ko kyoMki vaha unase mile naa| kyA bigaDatA ! agara tere vastra maMle pau phaTe haiM, vaha milegA pUrva zrama ke sveda kaNa meM cmcmaataa| vaha nahIM yoM najara paatii| akele bhagavAna mahAvIra aura isake siddhAntoM para kavi ne 60 se bhI adhika kavitAoM meM bar3A sundara bhAvArtha DAlA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMdeza kA nicoDa kavi ke zabdoM meM paDhiyeH ye satya ahisA brahmacarya jIvana ko ucca banAte haiM , icchA nirodha hI uttama laya bhAvoM meM jAgrati lAte hai| bana rAga dveza kA bhAva haTe karmoM kA bandhana kaTatA hai, bhagavAn banAye na banatA bhagavAn svayaM hI banatA hai| kavi ke sAtha hI paM. anupa canda acche lekhaka, anveSaka tathA purAtatva vizeSajJa hai| aApane rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI sampAdana kA acchA kArya kiyA hai| 16. prasanna kamAra seThI kavi kA janma 14 julAI 1935 meM jayapura meM huaa| zikSA ema. kAma. va vizArada / ya yuvA kavi, lagana zIla sevAbhAvI vyakti haiN| inakA rahana-sahana sAdA va zarIra patalA dubalA hai| adhyAtma meM DabA huyA inakA vyaktitva sahaja meM hI dekhA jA sakatA hai| saMsAra kI asAratA kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai:-- kisakA ghoDA, kisakA hAthI, kisakI moTara raila hai, vahI nirAkula hai jisane samajhA ho, jIvana khela hai| kavi kI hara racanA prAdhyAtmikatA se prota-prota hai| kavi ne saikaDoM kavitAyeM likhI hai| preraNA nAmaka prathama va dvitIya puSpa, solaha kAraNa bhAvanA, va daza lakSaNa nAmaka padya racanAyeM prakAzita ho cukI hai| kavi alaukika pratibhA kA dhanI hai tathA ye apanI kavitAoM kA sasvara pATha karate haiN| 17. DA. hukamacanda bhArilla Apa madhyapradeza ke rahane vAle haiN| kaI varSoM se Apa jayapura meM raha rahe haiN| Apa AdhyAtmika pravaktA ke rUpa meM jAne jAte haiN| paMDita ToDaramala vyaktitva aura kRtitva para Apako DAkTareTa kI upAdhi milii| Apa kavi bhI haiN| vairAgya mahAkAvya, pazcAtApa khaNDa kAvya,

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kaI pUjAyeM va kavitAeM Apane likhI haiM / kI hai:-- 18. 322 'hUM svabhAva se samaya-sAra, paraNati ho jAve samayasAra, hai yahI cAha, hai yahI rAha, jIvana ho jAve samaya-sAra / rAjamala jaina begasyA janma 17 mArca, 1937 jayapura meM 1 zikSA ema. e. itihAsa va samAja zAstra / yuvA kavi hindI va rAjasthAnI meM paryApta kavitAeM likhatA hai| acche gAyaka haiM / vyAyAtmaka tathA upadezAtmaka padya bahuta likhate haiN| inakI kavitA kA eka udAharaNa nimna hai: kavi ne eka kavitA meM apanI cAha nimna prakAra vyakta sukha DhUMDha rahA bAhara mAnava, vaha antara meM basatA; sva meM lIna saMtoSI hai, sukha kA jharanA vahIM bahatA / bAlyakAla, yauvana Aye aura anta buDhApA hai prAtA, para tRSNA rahe sadaiva SoDazI isakA nahIM yauvana jAtA / kavi rAjasthAnI bhASA meM bhI kAvya racanA karate rahate haiM / prApa jaba gAkara apanI kavitAoM ko sunAte haiM to upasthita jana samudAya ko bhAva vibhora kara dete haiM / 19. muMzI hIrAlAla chAbaDA janma saMvat 1920 / urdU va phArasI ke acche vidvAn the / kI sarala padyoM meM racanA kI hai jo vIra ni. saM. 2446 meM chapI thI / mAdhurya yukta hai / DhUMDhArI zabdoM kA bhI isameM prayoga hai| daza dharma ke kSamA Adi hai dharma jIva ke, yogI inameM ramate haiM, ye hI haiM ziva mAraga jaga meM, bhavya inhIM se tirate haiM / pUjA meM kavi ne apanI antima bhAvanA nimna prakAra vyakta kI hai:-- 20. paM. gulAbacanda jaina darzanAcArya sukha pAveM saba jIva, roga zoka saba dUra ho | maMgala hoya sadIva, yaha merI hai bhAvanA | yaha zrApa Apane caubIsa tIrthaMkara pUjA pUjana kI bhASA sarala aura sambandha meM kavi kahatA hai 9 navambara 1921 kA janma | zikSA AcArya jaina darzana tathA ema. e. hindI va saMskRta meN| sAhityaratna va prabhAkara / acche vidvAn haiM / hindI meM sugandha dazamI Adi pUjAeM likhI haiM / priya pravAsa kI zailI meM inhoMne aMjanA kAvya likhA hai jisakA kucha aMza vIravANI meM prakAzita ho cukA hai| isI kAvya kA eka aMza nimna prakAra hai: -- amita komala keza kalApa thA, phaNi salajjita kA upamAna meM / vidhusamAna praphullita kaMjasA, sumukha thA jisakA prati zobhanA / zuka samAna samunnata nAsikA, adhara rakta pIyUSa bhara lasai / vara kapola suDola lalAma the, cibuka kI kSamatA kavi khojate /

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323 21. paM. giradhara zarmA (jhAlarApATana) inhoMne kucha stotroM ke anuvAda evaM kucha svatantra racanAyeM bhI likhI haiN| jaina samAja meM sarvAdhika pracalita bhaktAmara kAvya kA inhoMne sarala subodha padyoM meM bar3A sundara anuvAda kiyaa| hindI bhASI jaina inake padyAna vAda ko bar3e cAva se par3hate haiN| Apake pada bhAvaparaka haiM / 22. DA. saubhAgamala dosI (ajamera) gata 45 varSoM se dosI jI sAhityika kSetra meM barAbara kArya kara rahe haiN| jaina samAja kI pratyeka gatividhiyoM meM ApakA yogadAna rahatA hai| saMgIta maNDalI ke sAtha Apa vizeSa dhArmika utsavoM meM bhAga lekara apanI kavitAoM va bhajanoM ko sunAte rahate haiN| isa prasAra saMsAra meM choTe se jIvana para kyA itarAnA isI ko lakSya kara kavi kahatA hai:-- nava vikasita kaliyoM se saMcita karake abhaya madhukara makaraMda, phala phala ko gUMja rahe ho, laghu se jIvana para mati manda / patajhaDa ke dina bhUla, phUla to phUla rahA hai ajJAna, tuma kisa mada meM gUMja rahe ho, bhUlA pAtma kA samakita jJAna / 23. yugalakizora (koTA) AdhyAtmika pravaktA, lekhaka va kavi yugala jI ke nAma se prakhyAta haiN| Apane aneka padya va kavitAyeM likhI haiN| sarvAdhika prasiddha pustaka devazAstra guru pUjA hai| pUjA samUce bhArata meM baDI bhakti se par3hI jAtI hai| pratyeka mandira meM pratidina pUjA karane vAlA bhakta pUjArI apanI pUjA meM yugala jI ke sAtha-sAtha apane manogata bhAvoM ko vyakta karatA hai indriya ke bhoga madhura viSa sama, lAvaNyamayI kaMcana kAyA, yaha saba kucha jar3a kI krIr3A hai ma abataka jAna nahIM paayaa| maiM bhUla svayaM ke vaibhava ko para mamatA meM aTakAyA haM, aba samyaka nirmala nIra lie, mithyA mana dhone pAyA hN| kavi prAdhyAtma rasa se prota-prota kavitA karane meM dakSa hai tathA apane kAvya pAThoM se janajana ke ha daya meM sahaja hI samA jAte haiN| 24. anUpacanda jaina (koTA) Apake katitva kI samacita jAnakArI jina logoM ko hai ve jAnate haiM ki zrI jaina atyanta bhAvaka tathA kalpanAzIla vyakti hai| kavitA karane meM Apako prArambha se hI ruci hai| tathA ApakI kavitAyeM lokapriya rahI hai| vIravANI' zIrSaka kavitA kA eka aMza dekhiye-- makharita haI kisakI girA vaha zUnya ke saMketa paTa para. kauna jIvana meM jagA yaha vivazatA ke matyu ghara pr| kintu jisane bhI sunI samajhI bhramara yaha vIravANI ho gayA gaMdhA vahI unmukta vasudhA ke Dagara pr| ukta kaviyoM ke atirikta aura bhI kavi haiM jo samaya-samaya para kavitAeM likhate rahata haiN| zrImatI suzIlA kAsalIvAla gadya gIta likhatI haiN| zrI nAthUlAla jaina lekhaka evaM kavi ke rUpa meM rAjasthAna meM suparicita vyakti haiN| zarada jaina koTA ke udIyamAna kavi haiM /

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hindI jaina gadya sAhitya-6 DaoN. zAntA bhAnAvata rAjasthAna meM sthAnakavAsI paramparA kI bar3I samRddha paramparA rahI hai| usake unnayanasaMgaThana aura abhivardhana ke lie yahAM anavarata prayatna hote rahe haiN| prAtmoddhAra, loka-zikSaNa aura jana-kalyANakArI pravRttiyoM meM yaha paramparA aura isake anuyAyI sadaiva utsAhI aura agraNI rahe haiN| bhAratIya rASTrIyatA aura samAja sudhArAtmaka AndolanoM ke sAtha-sAtha isa paramparA meM saMskRta aura hindI ke adhyayana kI pravRtti para vizeSa bala diyA jAne lgaa| phalasvarUpa samAja meM naI cetanA aura nava samAja nirmANa kA vAtAvaraNa mukharita huaa| sthAnakavAsI paramparA dhArmika kSetra meM krAMtivAhI paramparA rahI hai| samaya samaya para karUDhiyoM, bAhya pUjA-vidhAnoM aura grADambarapUrNa kriyAkANDoM kI dhUla ko jhADakara dharma ke darpaNa ko yaha sApha-sutharA karatI rahI hai, usakI Antarika tejasvitA ko camakAtI-damakAtI rahI hai| prAtmaparakatA ke sAtha dharma kI samAjaparakatA ko yahAM barAbara mahattva diyA jAtA rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki isa paramparA ke sAdhu, sAdhvI aura zrAvaka-zrAvikA nirantara samAja sevA meM sakriya sAhitya ke kSetra meM padya kI taraha gadya meM bhI isa paramparA kI mahattvapUrNa dena rahI hai| hindI ke pracAra-prasAra ke bar3hane ke sAtha-sAtha jaina santa-satiyoM ne apane vyAkhyAna khar3I bolI hindI meM dene prArambha kiye| prArambhika avasthA meM yaha hindI rAjasthAnI boliyoM ke sthAnIya prabhAva se yukta thii| para dhIre-dhIre yaha prabhAva kama hotA gayA aura pariSkRta hindI kA ziSTa sAmAnya rUpa pratiSThita huaa| gadya ko lagabhaga sabhI vidhAoM meM yatheSTa sAhitya racanA kI gaI hai| isa kSetra meM saMtasatiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha gahastha lekhaka bhI barAbara sakriya rahe haiN| isa dRSTi se ina gadya lekhakoM ko tIna vargoM meM rakhA jA sakatA hai--(ka) saMtavarga (kha) sAdhvI varga aura (ga) gRhastha vrg| [ka] saMtavarga : yahAM pramukha gadya saMta sAhityakAroM kA paricaya dene kA prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. prAcArya zrI javAharalAlajI ma. -- aApa yaga pravartaka mahAna krAntikArI prAcArya the| aApane paramparAgata pravacana zailI aura adhyayana krama ko nayA moDa diyaa| usameM samasAmayikatA aura rASTrIya bhAvadhArA kA raMga bhraa| saMkIrNa arthoM meM keda prAcIna dharma-granthoM ko nayA artha-bodha dekara unakI rUr3hi-ucchedamUlaka samAjoddhAra aura rASTroddhAra kI pravRttiyoM ko ujAgara kiyaa| aApakI vANI vAgavilAsa na hokara antaHstala se nikalI saccI yugavANI thii| tatkAlIna rASTranAyakoM se prApakA saMparka thaa| rASTrapitA mahAtmA gAMdhI, lokamAnya tilaka, saradAra paTela Adi ke sAtha ApakA vicAra-vimarza aura saMparka-sUtra banA rhaa| svAdhInatA Andolana ke ahiMsAtmaka pratirodha, satyAgraha, khAdI

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325 dhAraNa, videzI vastroM kA bahiSkAra, harijanoddhAra, nArI jAgaraNa, vyasanamukti , saMtati niyamana, dahez2a nivAraNa jaise sabhI racanAtmaka kAryakramoM ke Apa samarthaka the| aApake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara tatkAlIna kaI zrImaMtoM ne khAdI dhAraNa kA vrata liyA aura rASTrIya Andolana meM sahayogI bne| aApake pravacanoM kI yaha vizeSatA thI ki ve yuga kI dhar3akana ko saMbhAle hue zAzvata satyoM ke vyaMjaka, aura udAtta jIvanAdarzo ke udghATaka hote the| unameM vicAra zakti aura vyAkhyA zakti kI pradarbha ta kSamatA thii| uttarAdhyayana sUtra ke 29veM adhyayana samyakatva parAkrama gahastha dharma, bhaktAmara stotra Adi para diye gaye Apake pravacanoM meM eka prabuddha vicAraka aura zAstradohaka vyAkhyAtA ke darzana hote haiN| pravacanoM ke bIca-bIca paurANika, aitihAsika aura loka jIvana se sambaddha choTe-choTe kathAnaka, dRSTAnta aura rUpaka na kevala sarasatA kA saMcAra karate haiM varan zrotA samudAya ke hRdaya para gaharA prabhAva bhI DAlate haiN| ApakI AvegamayI bhASA aura cetAvanI paraka udbodhana kA eka namUnA dekhiye "mitro ! Apa logoM ke pAsa jo dravya hai use agara paropakAra meM, sArvajanika hita meM aura dIna-dukhiyoM ko sahAyatA pahuMcAne meM na lagAyA to yAda rakhanA, isakA byAja cakAnA bhI tamheM kaThina ho jaayegaa| aise dravya ke svAmI banakara Apa phUle na samAte hoMge ki calo hamArA dravya bar3hA hai, magara zAstra kahatA hai aura anubhava usakA samarthana karatA hai ki dravya ke sAtha kleza bar3hA hai| jaba Apa baiMka se RNa rUpa meM rupayA lete haiM to use ca kAne kI kitanI cintA rahatI hai| utanI hI cintA puNya rUpI baiMka se prApta dravya ko cukAne kI kyoM nahIM karate? samajha rakho, yaha saMpatti tamhArI nahIM hai| ise paropakAra ke prathaapaMNa krdaa| yAda rakho. yaha jokhima dUsare kI mere pAsa dharohara hai| agara ise apane pAsa rakha choDUgA to yaha yahIM raha jAyegI, lekina isakA badalA cukAnA mere liye bhArI par3a jaayegaa"| (dinAMka 30-9-31 ko diyA gayA vyAkhyAna, divya jIvana se uddhRta) aApakA vizAla gadya sAhitya 'javAhara kiraNAvalI' ke 35 bhAgoM meM prakAzita hanA hai jinake nAma kramaza: isa prakAra haiM:-divya dAna, divya jIvana, divya saMdeza, jIvana dharma, sabAha kumAra, rukmaNI vivAha, javAhara smAraka prathama puSpa, samyaktva parAkrama bhAga 1 se 5, dharma aura dharmanAyaka, rAmavanagamana bhAga 1 va 2, aMjanA, pANDava caritra bhAga 1 va 2, bIkAnera ke vyAkhyAna, zAlibhadra caritna, morabI ke vyAkhyAna, saMvatsarI, jAmanagara ke vyAkhyAna. prArthanA prabodha, udAharaNa mAlA bhAga1 se 3, nArI jIvana, anAtha bhagavAna bhAga 1 va 2, gahastha dharma bhAga 1 se 3, satI rAjamatI aura satI mdnrekhaa| isake atirikta tIna bhAgoM meM rAjakoTa ke vyAkhyAna, chaha bhAgoM meM bhagavatI sUtra para vyAkhyA aura kathA sAhitya meM harizcandra tArA, sadarzana caritra, seTha dhannA carita, zakaDAla pUtra va tIrthakara carita do bhAgoM meM prakAzita hae haiN| 2. jaina divAkara zrI cauthamala jI ma.-- Apa prabhAvazAlI vaktA hone ke sAtha-sAtha saphala kavi bhI the| ApakA zAstrIya jJAna gaharA thA, para vyAkhyAna zailI itanI sahaja, sarala aura subodha thI ki thotA Atmavibhora ho jAte the| sIdhI sAdI bhASA meM sAdhAraNa sI choTI lagane vAlI bAta Apa isa DhaMga se kaha jAte the ki usakA prabhAva dera taka gaMjatA rahatA thaa| aApake vyAkhyAnoM kA mUla svara jIvana ko zuddha, vAtAvaraNa ko pavitra aura samAja ko vyasana-vikAra mukta banAnA thaa| ApakA rAjasthAna ke rAjA-mahArAjAoM, z2amIMdAroM, jAgIradAroM aura raIsoM para bar3A prabhAva thA / Apake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara kaIyoM ne mAMsAhAra, madirApAna, AkheTa aura jIvahiMsA kA tyAga kiyA thA /

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326 aApake vyAkhyAnoM meM sabhI dhamoM ke prati Adara bhAva rahatA thaa| jaina kathAoM ke atirikta rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata para bhI Apake prAtmasparzI vyAkhyAna hAte the| rAjA se lekara raMka taka Apake upadezoM kI pahuMca thii| Apake vyAkhyAnoM meM bar3e-bar3e seTha sAhakAroM se lekara dhobI, kumhAra,nAI, telI, mocI, raMgara Adi sabhI vagA ke loga sammAna pUrvaka sammilita hote the| masalamAna mAtrAmA Apake vicAroM se prabhAvita the| saMskRta, prAkRta, arabI, phArasI, rAjasthAnI, hindI prAdi bhASAoM ke zrApa vidvAn the| Apake vyAkhyAnoM meM bhASAgata pANDitya kA pradarzana nahAkara tadabhava zabdAvatI kA vizeSa prayoga hotA thaa| prAkRta gAthAyoM saMskRta zlokoM, hindo dohA, pado aura dUM aura - zAyarI kA Apa ni:saMkoca prayoga karate the| adhikAMza udala kApatAeM svaracita hAtA thaa| ApakA jIvana kalpanAvivAra meM vicaraNa karane vAle sAhityika kavi kA jIvana nahAkara kartavya kSetra meM daDhatA se bar3hane kI preraNA dene vAle eka karmaTha kavikA jIvana thaa| dharma ke nAma para dI jAne vAlI bali ko nissAratA aura bhaktoM kI ajJAnatA para jA prahAra Apane kiyA, usakA eka namanA dekhiye :-- "mAtAjI ke sthAna para bakaroM aura bhaiMsoM kA vadha kiyA jAtA hai| loga ajJAnavaza hokara samajhate haiM ki aisA karaka va mAtAjA kA prasanna kara rahe haiM aura unako prasanna kareMge to hameM bhI prasannatA prApta hAgaHesA tacanA mUrkhatA hai| loga mAtAjo kA svarUpa bhala gaye haiM aura unako prasanna karane kA tarIkA bhI pUla gayA hai| isI kAraNa venazaMsa pora anartha tarIke Aja bhI kAma meM lAta hai.--.-sarva manArathA kA pUrA karane vAlogrAra sabagakha dene vAlI una mAtA kA nAma hai dayA maataa| dayA mAtA ko cAra bhujAeM haiN| donoM tarafa do-do hAtha haiN| pahalA dAna kA, dUsarA zIla bA, tAsarA tapasyA kA bhAra cAthA bhAvanA kaa| jo aAdamo dAna nahIM detA, samajhaloka usa dayA mAtA kA pahalA hAtha tor3a diyA hai| jAbrahmacarya nahIM pAlatA usane dArAhAyaDayA hai| tapasyA nahIM kI tA tIsarA hAtha khaMDita kara diyA hai aura jo bhAvanA nahIM bhAtA sana cAthA hAtha kATa DAlA hai| esA jIva marakara vanaspatikAya zrAdi meM janma legaa| jahA use hAtha paira nahIM mileNge| (divAkara divya jyoti bhAga-7 meM se uddhRta, pRSTha 75 va 82) prApakA vizAla pravacana sAhitya divAkara divya jyAti' nAma se 21 bhAgoM meM prakAzita hA hai| isake pratirikta jambU kumAra, pAzvanAtha, rAmAyaNa, grAdi kathA grantha bhI prakAzita hue hai| 3. prAcArya zrI gaNezIlAlajI ma.-- pApa prAcArya zrI javAharalAlajI ma.ke paTTadhara ziSya the| aApake pravacanoM ke tIna saMgraha prakAzita hue haiM-jaina saMskRti kA rAjamArga, Atma-darzana aura navInatA ke angaamii| inameM jaina saMskRti ke pramukha sahAnta bhAra jIvAtmA kI pariNati kA sarala subodha bhASA zailI meM vigata vivela kiyA gayA hai| Apako vyAkhyAna zailI tIrthakara stuti se prArambha hokara zAstrIya viSaya ko pakar3atI hai aura nAnAvidha kathA-prasagoM ko sparza karatI haI Age bar3hatI hai| usameM svAnabhUta vANI kA tajAdIpta svara pramukha rahatA hai| eka udAharaNa dekhiye jaina darzana meM na to vyakti pUjA ko mahattva diyA gayA hai na hI saMcita gharoM meM siddhAntoM ko kasane kI koziza kI gaI hai| prAtma vikAsa saMdeza ko na sirpha samaca vizva kI balki samace jIva-jagata ko sunAyA gayA hai| jaina zabda kA mUla bhI isI bhAvanA kAnAva para aMkarita dayA hai|ml saMskRta dhAtu hai 'ji' jisakA artha hotA hai jaatnaa| jItane kA prAya koI kSetra yA pradeza jotanA nahIM balki AtmA ko jItanA, prAtmA kI burAiyoM aura kamaz2AriyoM kA jItanA na saMskRti ke rAjamArga se uddhRta, pRSTha-9)

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327 4. prAcArya zrI prAnanda RNi jI Apa prakhara cintaka, madhura vyAkhyAtA aura viziSTa sAdhanAzIla saMta haiN| apane sudIrgha sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM jahAM pApa aAtma kalyANa kI ora pravRtta rahe vahIM janakalyANa kI ora bhI sadaiva scessttrhe| saralatA ke sAtha bhavyatA, vinamratA ke sAtha dar3hatA aura jJAna-dhyAna ke sAtha saMgha-saMcAlana kI kSamatA prApake vyaktitva ko vizeSatAeM haiN| yoM aApakI janmabhami aura karmabhami mahArASTa hai para santa kisI pradeza vizeSanabandhe hue nahIM rhte|sh ke kaI bha bhAga yApakI dezanA se lAbhAnvita hue hai| rAjasthAna bhI unameM se eka hai / byAvara, udayapura, bhIlavADA, mAthadvArA, jodhapura, bar3I mAdar3I, badanaura, pratApagar3ha, jayapura, kuzalapurA Adi sthAnoM para bAtumAsa kara apane rAjasthAna-bAsiyoM ko sAdhyAtmika preraNA aura sAmAjika nava-cetanA pradAna kI hai| zrI vardhamAna sthAnakavAsozramaNa saMgha ke prAcArya ke rUpa meM prApakA vyaktitva bahamukhI evaM mahAn hai / ApakI preraNA se deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM kaI saMsthAoM kA janma huaaa| jinameM mukhya haiMzrI trilokaratna sthAnakavAsI jaina dhArmika parIkSA bAI, pAtharDI, jaina dharma pracAraka saMsthA, nAgapura, zrI prAkRta bhASA pracAra samiti prAdi / AcArya zrI kA prAkRta, saMskRta, marAThI, hindI sAdi bhASAoM para pUrNa adhikAra hai| Apane kaI granthoM kA marAThI meM anuvAda kiyA hai jinameM mukhya hai.--yAtmonnati cA sarala upAya, jaina dharmA viSayI ajaina vidvAnA abhiprAya (do bhAga), jaina dharmAce hisA tattva, vairAgya zataka, upadeza ratnakoSa aadi| hindI AvAmI yApakI kaI pustake haiN| RSi sampradAya kA itihAsa meM ApakA itihAsajJa aura gaveSaka kA rUpa sAmane AyA hai| jJAna-kuMjara dIpikA aura adhyAtma dazaharA (zrI triloka RSi praNIta ) meM ApakA vivecaka aura vyAkhyAkAra kA rUpa prakaTa hunA hai| triloka RSi , ratna RSi, devajI RSi Adi ke pApane jIvana caritra bhI likhe haiN| pApa dhIra, gambhIra aura madhura vyAkhyAtA haiN| aApakI vANI meM vicAroM kI sthiratA, nirmalatA aura bhadratA kA rasa hai| Agama aura pAsametara sAhitya kA ApakA gar3ha aura vyApaka adhyayana hai| isakI jhAMkI Apake pravacanoM meM sarvatra dekhI jAtI hai| Apake pravacanoM ke 'prAnanda-pravacana' nAma se chaha bhAga prakAzita hue hai| jIvana ko sadAcAraniSTha banAne meM ye pravacana bar3e sahAyaka haiN| inameM prayukta sUktiyAM hRdayaspazI haiM tathA sthAna-sthAna para Aye hue prAsaMgika dRSTAnta aura kathA-prasaMga prabhAvakArI haiN| eka udAharaNa dekhiye --- "bIja choTA sA hotA hai kintu usI ke dvArA eka bar3A bhArI vRkSa nirmita ho jAtA hai| kahAM bar3a kA choTA sA vIja kevala rAI ke samAna aura kahAM vizAlakAya taruvara, jisa para saikar3oM pakSI baserA lete haiM tathA saikar3oM thake hAe pasAphi jisakI zItala chAyA meM ruka vizrAma lekara apane ko tarotAjA banA jAte hai| choTe ge bIja kA mahatva bar3A bhArI hotA hai kyoMki usake andara mahAn phala chipA huyA hotA hai| eka sundara ya meM kahA bhI hai ----- bIja bIja hI nahIM, tAja meM tarubara bhI hai| manuja manuja hI nahIM, manuja meM Izvara bhI hai / kitanI yathArtha bAta hai| eka bIja kevala vIja hI nahIM hai, vaha apane meM eka vizAla vRkSa samAye hue hai, jo sIMcA jAne para saMsAra ke samakSa A jAtA hai| iso prakAra manuSya kevala nAmadhArI mana pya hI nahIM hai, usameM Izvara bhI hai jo AtmA ko umati kI ora le jAtAmA apane sadRza banA letA hai| (mAnanda-pravanana, bhAga-2, pRSTa-371 se udadhRta)

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328 5. prAcArya zrI hastImala jI ma.-- grApa jaina samAja ke kriyAzIla saMta, utkRSTa sAdhaka,prakhara vyAkhyAtA aura gaMbhIra gaveSaka vidvAn haiN| ApakI vANI meM paramparA aura pragatizIlatA kA hitavAhI sAmaMjasya hai| gajendra muktAvalI, AdhyAtmika sAdhanA, AdhyAtmika pAloka, prArthanA pravacana, gajendra vyAkhyAna mAlA bhAga 1 se 3 meM Apake katipaya cAta mAsa-kAlIna pravacana saMkalita kiye gaye haiN| Apake pravacana meM kathA bhAga kama, svAnubhata sAdhanA se prasUta vANI kA aMza adhika rahatA hai| zAstra-sammata yaha vANI samAja aura rASTra kI vyApaka samasyAoM kA samAdhAnAtmaka svarUpa prakaTa karatI huI jaba zrotAgroM ke hRdaya ko sparza karatI hai to ve prAdhyAtmika rasa meM Dabane-tairane lagate haiN| prAkRta, saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn hone ke kAraNa ApakI bhASA pariSkRta aura prAMjala hotI hai| vANI se sahaja hI sUktiyA prasphaTita hotI rahato haiN| zAstra kI kisI ghaTanA yA caritra ko prAdha nika saMdarbha meM Apa isa prakAra prastuta karate haiM ki vaha hamAre lie atyanta preraNAdAyI aura mArgadarzaka bana jAtA hai| aApake pravacana mUlataH AdhyAtmika hote hae bhI sAmAjika cetanA aura rASTrIya ekatA ke bhAva vyaMjita karane meM vizeSa sahAyaka rahate haiN| 'pAdhyAtmika pAloka' meM saMgrahIta pravacanoM meM prAtma-jAgrati kA svara pramakha hai| zramaNopAsaka mAnanda ke jIvana kA citraNa karate hae eka grAdarza sadgRhastha ke jIvana kI bhavya jhAMkI prastuta kI huI hai| ApakI ye paMktiyAM kitanI preraNA dAyaka haiM "jisa prakAra eka catura kisAna pAka ke samaya vizAla dhAnya rAzi pAkara khUba khAtA, detA aura aicchika kharca karate hue bhI bIja ko bacAnA nahIM bhUlatA vaise hI samyak dRSTi gRhastha bhI puNya kA phala bhoga karate hue sat karma sAdhanA rUpa dharma bIja ko nahIM bhuultaa|' (AdhyAtmika sAdhanA se uddhRta, pRSTha-3) 'prArthanA pravacana' meM prArthanA ke svarUpa, prArthanA ke prakAra, usake prayojana aura usakI siddhi para atyanta mahattvapUrNa vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| isakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI prakAzita ho ca kA hai| 'gajendra vyAkhyAnamAlA' ke pahale bhAga meM parvAdhirAja paryuSaNa ke ATha dinoM meM diye gaye pATha pravacana saMkalita haiN| prAcArya zrI ne paryuSaNa ke ATha dinoM ko kramaza: darzana divasa,jJAna divasa, cAritra divasa, tapa divasa, bhakti divasa, svAdhyAya divasa, dAna divasa aura ahiMsApratiSThA divasa nAma se sambAdhita kara tat-sambandhI viSayoM para mArmika udbodhana diyA hai| prAcArya zrI prakhara vyAkhyAtA hone ke sAtha-sAtha itihAsajJa aura zodhakarmI vidvAna bhI hai| Apa hI kI preraNA se jayapura meM AcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra va jaina itihAsa samiti kI sthApanA huI hai| inake mAdhyama se lagabhaga 30,000 hastalikhita pratiyoM kA vizAla saMgraha astitva meM AyA aura 'paTTAvalI pravandha saMgraha' tathA 'jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa' ke do bhAga prakAzita hue| ina patthoM meM AcArya zrI kI zramazIlatA, adhyayana kI vyApakatA, pramANa-purassaratA, tathya bhedinI sUkSma dRSTi aura tulanAtmaka vivecanA paddhati kA paricaya milatA hai| 6. prAcArya zrI nAnAlAla jI ma.-- Apa prAcArya zrI gaNezIlAla jI ma. ke paTTadhara ziSya haiN| ApakA vyaktitva bhavya aura prabhAvaka hai| vANI meM poja aura Adhanika jIvana saMvedana hai| Apake upadeza sarvajanahitakArI aura samatA darzana para AdhArita samAja ke nava nirmANa ke lie preraka aura mArgadarzaka hote haiM /

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329 Apake pravacanoM meM Atma sAdhanA, sevA, vyasana mukti aura vikAra vijaya para vizeSa bala rahatA hai| zrApase udbodhita hokara samAja meM aspRzya samajhe jAne vAle balAI jAti ke hajAroM parivAroM ne vyasanamukta, zuddha sAtvika saMskArI jIvana jIne kA vrata liyA aura ye 'dharmapAla' nAma se sambodhita kie jAne lage / ApakI vyAkhyAna zailI rocaka aura buddhijIviyoM ko prabhAvita karane vAlI hotI hai / apane vyAkhyAna kA prArambha Apa bhI tIrtha karoM kI stuti se karate haiM aura usI ko mAdhyama banAkara Atmatattva ko chUte hue paramAtma darzana kI gaharAiyoM meM utarate calate haiM / vyAkhyAna ke anta meM koI na koI caritAkhyAna dhArAvAhI rUpa se avazya calatA hai| ye caritAkhyAna ghaTanAoM kI mAtra vivRtti na hokara Adhunika jIvana samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kAraka prAkhyAna hote haiM / bhASA kI prAMjalatA, bhAvoM kI tIvratA aura zailI kI pravAhamayatA Apake vyAkhyAnoM kI mukhya vizeSatA hai / Apake vyAkhyAnoM ke aba taka kaI saMgraha prakAzita ho cuke haiN| 'pAvasa - pravacana' nAma se pAMca bhAgoM meM Apake jayapura ke cAturmAsa kAlIna vyAkhyAna saMgrahIta haiM / 'tApa aura tapa' meM maMdasaura ke 'zAnti ke sopAna' meM byAvara ke tathA 'AdhyAtmika vaibhava', 'AdhyAtmika Aloka' meM bIkAnera vyAkhyAna saMgrahIta hai| 'samatA darzana aura vyavahAra' prApakI granya ullekhanIya kRti hai jisameM samatA siddhAnta kA darzana aura vyavahAra ke dharAtala para vivecana prastuta karate hue samatAmaya prAcaraNa ke 21 sUtnoM aura sAdhaka ke tIna caraNoM samatAvAdI, samatAdhArI aura samatAdarzI kA svarUpa nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / anta meM samatA samAja kI rUparekhA aura usake nirmANoM ke lie sakriya hone kI preraNA dI gaI hai| prApakI vyAkhyAna - vivecana zailI kA eka udAharaNa isa prakAra hai : -- 'tApa se agara mukti pAnI hai to usakA upAya hai tapa / tapa karoge to tApa se chuTakArA mila jAyegA / para-padArthoM kA moha aura vikAroM kI agni grantacatanA ko tApa se jalAtI hai kyoMki unameM phaMse rahane ke kAraNa AtmA kI dazA lakar3e kI sI banI rahatI hai, kintu tapa usa dazA ko badalatA hai, usameM phaulAdI zakti bhara kara use sone kI sI ujjvala banAtA hai / tapa meM AtmA jaba tapatI hai to usakA sonA tapa kara apanA carama rUpa prakaTa karatA hai / tApa se AtmA kAlI hotI hai aura tapa se vaha nikharatI hai / ' ( tApa aura tapa se uddhRta, pRSTha-10 ) 7. upAdhyAya zrI amara muni - ApakA vyaktitva sarvatomukhI pratibhA kA dhanI hai / Apa ojasvI vaktA, khyAti prApta lekhaka, saphala kavi, gUr3ha vivecaka aura vidvAn saMta haiM / Apaka adhyayana aura anubhava kA kSetra atyanta vyApaka hai / jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInA paramparAoM kA Apana gambhIra adhyayana kiyA hai / Apa vyavahAra meM jitane vinamra aura madhura haiM vicAroM meM bhI utane hI udAra aura sahiSNu haiM / kavijI kA mukhya kArya kSetra AgarA rahA hai / sanmati jJAna pITha ke mAdhyama se Apane aba vIrAyatana yojanA kA sAkAra rUpa dene ke lie Apane rAjasthAna se bhI prApakA nikaTa kA saMparka rahA hai aura Apane sAhitya kI amUlya sevA kI hai / apanA kSetra rAjagRhI banAyA hai / kaI cAturmAsa isa kSetra meM kiye haiM / kavi zrI mUlataH sAhityakAra haiM / padya aura gadya donoM kSetroM meM zrApakI lekhanI avirAma calatI rahI hai / virUpa meM to Apa itane prasiddha haiM ki kavi jI mahArAja ke rUpa meM hI

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330 Apa jAne jAte haiM / prabandha kAvya ke rUpa meM 'dharmavIra sudarzana' aura 'satya harizcandra' ApakI lokapriya kRtiyAM haiN| muktaka kAvya ke kSetra meM kavitA kuMja, amara mAdhurI, amara gItAMjalI, amara padya muktAvalI, saMgItikA yadi Apako kaI kRtiyAM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| ApakA gadya sAhitya bhI vipula aura vaividhyapUrNa haiM / Apane gadya kI sabhI vidhAtroM meM likhA hai -- kyA kahAnI, kyA nibandha, kyA saMsmaraNa, kyA yAtrAvRtta, kyA gadya kAvya / sanmati jJAnapITha, AgarA se Apake aneka grantha prakAzita hue haiM / kavijI zAstrajJa, hote hue bhI prAcIna zAstrIya paramparA se bandhe hue nahIM haiM / Apa yuga cetanA aura Adhunika jIvana saMvedanA ke krAMtadarzI kavi aura vyAkhyAtA hai / isa kAraNa Apake vicAroM meM nayA cintana aura viSaya ko navIna pariprekSya meM pratipAdita aura punarvyakhyAyita karane kI kSamatA hai| ApakI bhASA meM pravAha aura mAdhurya dekhate hI banatA hai / Apake vicAroM meM spaSTatA, nirbhIkatA aura samanvayazIlatA kA gaharA puTa hai / hRdaya aura buddhi, bhAvanA praura tarka, namratA aura dRDhatA ke mela se nisRta Apake vicAra sabako prerita prabhAvita karate haiM / eka udAharaNa dekhie- " saha astitva kA nArA haiM-- hama saba milakara caleM, milakara baiTheM, milakara jIvita raheM aura milakara mareM bhI 1 paraspara vicAroM meM bheda hai, koI bhaya nahIM / kArya karane kI paddhati vibhinna hai, koI khatarA nahIM / kyoMki tana bhale hI bhinna ho, para mana hamArA eka hai| jInA sAtha haiM, maranA sAtha hai, kyoMki hama saba mAnava haiM aura mAnava eka sAtha hI raha sakate haiM, bikhara kara nahIM, bigar3a kara nahIM" / ( upAdhyAya amaramuni - - eka adhyayana, pRSTha 301 se uddhRta ) 8. marudhara kesarI muni zrI mizrImalajI ma. -- Apa rAjasthAnI aura hindI ke yazasvI kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha prakhara vyAkhyAtA zrIra sabala saMgaThaka bhI haiM / apane sudIrghakAlIna saMyama niSTha sAdhanAmaya jIvana meM Apane loka mAnasa ko AtmotthAna kI aura prerita karate hue samAja ko saMskAraniSTha aura Atma nirbhara banAne kI dRSTi se vibhinna janakalyANakArI saMsthAoM, zikSaNAlayoM aura chAtrAvAsoM ko sthApita karane kI preraNA dI hai / ApakI pravacana zailI meM mizrI sI madhuratA aura samAja meM vyApta kurItiyoM para prahAra karane kI kaThoratA eka sAtha dekhI jAtI hai / kisI gaMbhIra viSaya ko uThAkara bhI Apa choTe-choTe paurANika prasaMgoM, preraNAdAyI etihAsika ghaTanAoM aura apanI padayAtrA tathA cAturmAsa kAla se sambaddha vividha saMsmaraNoM aura saMparka meM Aye hue vibhinna vyaktiyoM ko jIvana sthitiyoM kA puTa dekara use sahaja, sarala aura rocaka banA dete haiM / katri hone ke kAraNa yApake vyAkhyAtoM meM kAvyAtmaka aza kA vizeSa puTa rahatA hai / Apa apanI svaracita rAjasthAnI, hindI kavitAoM ke pratirikta anya sAhityika kaviyoM aura urdU zAyaroM ke udAharaNa bhI dete calate haiM / ApakA pravacana sAhitya vividha aura vizAla hai| aba taka jo pravacana saMgraha prakAzita hue haiM, unameM mukhya haiM- jIvana jyoti, sAdhanA ke patha para, pravacana prabhA, dhavala jJAna dhArA aura pravacana sudhA / 'jaina dharma meM tapa svarUpa aura vizleSaNa' ApakI anya mahatvapUrNa kRti hai jisameM tapa kA sAMgopAMga samIkSAtmaka vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / Apake dvArA zrImad devendra sUri viracita 'karma grantha' kI chaha bhAgoM meM vistRta vyAkhyA, vivecana aura samIkSA kI gaI hai / 'zrI marudhara kesarI sudharma pravacana mAlA' ke antargata zrApakI kSamA, mukti, Arjava, mArdava, lAghava,

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331 satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga aura brahmacarya, ina dasa dharmoM para dasa lagha pustikAyeM prakAzita kI gaI hai| ApakI pravacana zailI kA eka udAharaNa dekhie 'aba kacare kA Dhera kaunasA hai ? hamAre bhItara jo ye krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kaSAya haiM ye hI sAre kacare ke Dhera haiN| isI kacare ke Dhera meM apanI AtmA ke guNarUpI amUlya ratna dabe hue haiN| isa Dhera meM se jo prAtmArthI puruSa anveSaka banakara, pakkA DhUMr3hiyA banakara apane Apako usameM AtmasAta karake khojatA hai to ve amUlya ratna use mila jAte haiN| bhAI, DhUMr3hiyA (anveSaka) bane binA ve ratna nahIM mila skte| DhUMDhiyA bane binA na aAja taka kisI ko mile haiM aura na Age mileMge isIlie kahA hai 'jina khojA tina pAiyAM gahare pAnI paiThA' (pravacana prabhA se uddhRta, pRSTha-254) 9. zrI madhukara muni-- ___ saumya aura madhura vyaktitva ke dhanI muni zrI mizrImala jI 'madhukara', madhukara kI taraha hI guNagrAhI aura AdhyAtmika bhAvoM kI gujAra karane vAle haiN| munizrI madhura vyAkhyAtA hone ke sAthasAtha sarasa kathAkAra bhI haiN| jIvana ke naitika aura dhArmika abhyatthAna meM ApakI racanAyeM bar3I preraka aura sahAyaka haiN| gahana viSayoM ko bhI sarala DhaMga se samajhAne kI ApakI anUThI kalA hai| vyAkhyAnoM ke pIche ApakA gahana cintana aura Atma sAdhanA kA tejodIpta anubhava hai| Apake prakAzita pravacana saMgrahoM meM 'antara kI aora' do bhAgoM meM tathA 'sAdhanA ke sUtra' mukhya hai| 'antara kI ora' meM hRdaya ko zuddha, pavitra aura ujjvala banAne vAle preraka tattvoM ko lekara diye gaye pravacana saMkalita hai| 'sAdhanA ke sUtra' meM AtmA ko sAdhutva ke mArga para bar3hAne vAle mArgAnusArI 35 divya gaNoM kA paurANika evaM navIna udAharaNa dekara isa DhaMga se vivecana kiyA gayA hai ka unakA kathana bar3A hI spaSTa, rocaka, prabhAvaka aura maulika bana par3A hai| sAdhanA ke ye sUtra eka prakAra se jIvana nirmANa ke sUtra kahe jA sakate haiN| eka namUnA dekhie-- "sadgRhastha ke jIvana ko eka mahAvRkSa kI taraha mAnA gayA hai , jisakI DAliyoM para hajAroM prANI apanA ghoMsalA banAe jIvana gujArate haiN| saikar3oM hajAroM prANoM kA AdhAra hotA hai aura usakI chAyA meM prANiyoM ko jIvana milatA hai| vaha vRkSa yadi yaha soce ki ye DAliyAM, zAkhAyeM, pattiyAM aura phUla nire bhAra haiM, inase mujhe kyA karanA hai, maiM to akelA naMgA khar3A rahUMgA taba bhI apanA jIvana gujAra lUMgA to isase na una prANiyoM ko Azraya milegA aura na vRkSa kI zobhA bddh'egii| vRkSa kA vRkSatva isI meM hai ki vaha apane phala, phUla, zAkhA, prazAkhAoM kA vistAra karake hajAroM jIvoM ko prAzraya detA rhe| isI prakAra hamArA jIvana hai, jo svayaM kA vikAsa karatA hayA dUsaroM ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka bne| nirAzritoM ko prAzraya de, zaktihInoM ko zakti de aura jinheM poSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai, dayA kI AvazyakatA hai unheM saMpoSaNa evaM zItala chAyA se rakSita kre| (sAdhanA ke sUtra se uddhRta, pRSTha 337) / sugama sAhityamAlA ke antargata anekAnta, karma, ahiMsA, gRhastha dharma, aparigraha, tapa, guNasthAna, jainatattva, jaina saMskRti, bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakI zikSAoM para mAyakI 12 lagha, pustikAeM bhI prakAzita huI haiN| mani zrI kA kathAkAra rUpa 'jaina kathAmAlA' ke adyAvadhi prakAzita 12 bhAgoM meM prakaTa hanA hai| jaina AgamoM aura unase sambaddha TIkA granthoM meM hajAroM kathAeM bikharI par3I haiN| unakA cayana kara Adhunika zailI meM unheM likhane kI mahatI AvazyakatA thii| yaha aitihAsika uttaradAyitva pUrNa kArya isa zRMkhalA dvArA pUrA ho rahA hai| prArambha ke chaH bhAgoM meM solaha satiyoM aura caubIsa tIrtha karoM kI pAvana jIvana kathAyeM dI gaI hai| sAtaveM aura AThaveM bhAga meM magadha ke

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332 rAjA zreNika, nauveM bhAga meM mahAmantrI abhaya kumAra, dasaveM bhAga meM mahAvIra ke suprasiddha dasa zrAvakoM, gyArahaveM bhAga meM anya prasiddha zramaNopAsakoM tathA bArahaveM bhAga meM jambU kumAra kI kathAyeM haiN| sabhI kathAoM kI zailI rocaka, pravAhapUrNa aura AkarSaka hai / 10. paM. muni zrI hIrAlAla jI ma.-- Apa samAja ke projasvI vyAkhyAtA aura zAstra marmajJa vidvAn saMta haiN| Apake vyAkhyAna atyanta manohArI, sAragabhita aura hRdaya ko pighalA dene vAle hote haiN| AtmotthAna ke sAtha samAja meM nava cetanA jAgrata karanA ApakA mukhya uddezya rahatA hai| zAstrIya duruha viSaya ko bhI Apa loka kathAoM, loka gItoM, mahApuruSoM kI ghaTanAoM, ca TakaloM Adi kA paTa dekara lokabhogya banA dete haiN| hIraka pravacana' nAma se dasa bhAgoM meM Apake pravacana prakAzita hue haiN| ApakI bhASA zailI dehAtI saMskAra lie hue hai / gharela vAtAvaraNa se yukta hone ke kAraNa vaha atyanta sarala aura sahaja bana gaI hai| eka udAharaNa dekhie-- 'dekho! isa saMsAra meM aise to aneka mAtAeM haiM jo anekoM pUtroM ko janma detI hai parantu usI mAtA kA pUtra ko janma denA sArthaka hai aura vahI mAtA isa saMsAra meM dhanyavAda kI pAtra hai jisakA beTA dUsaroM kI rakSA ke lie apane prANoM kI bhI pAhuti de DAlatA hai| parantu vahI vIra putra dUsaroM kI rakSA ke lie apane prANoM kI bAjI lagAtA hai jisake hRdaya meM komalatA aura sahRdayatA hotI hai| eka kaThora hRdaya meM dayA kA nivAsa nahIM rhtaa| jJAnI puruSoM ne batAyA hai ki mAnava vahI hai jisake hRdaya meM nimna cAra bAteM pAI jAtI hai arthAta mAnavatA prApta karane ke lie eka mAnava ke hRdaya meM bhadrikatA, vinaya saMpannatA, dayAlu tA aura amatsaratA kA honA paramAvazyaka hai|' (hIraka pravacana bhAga 1 se uddhRta, pRSTha-161) 11. zrI puSkara muni Apa samAja ke cintanazIla manISI santa hai| sAhitya aura zikSaNa ke pracAra-prasAra meM ApakA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| Apake pravacanoM ke pramukha saMkalana haiM 'sAdhanA kA rAjamArga aura jindagI kI muskaan'| 'sAdhanA kA rAjamArga', meM samyaka darzana, samyaka jJAna, aura samyaka cAritra tathA usake pramukha tattvoM kA sarala DhaMga se zAstrasammata vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jindagI kI muskAna' meM jIvana kI jIvantatA banAye rakhane vAle mala tattvoM ko lekara bhAvAtmaka zailI meM bahuta hI marmasparzI vicAra prakaTa kie gaye haiN| bhAvoM kI gambhIratA ke sAtha bhASA kI sajIvatA dekhate hI banatI hai| eka udAharaNa dekhie -- 'hAM, to jIvana kA sahI vikAsa karanA ho to gati-pragati kriye| 'cara' dhAtu se hI AcAra, vicAra, saMcAra, pracAra, uccAra Adi zabda banate haiN| ina sabake mUla meM calanA hai, 'cara' kriyA hai| Apa bhI apane jIvana meM 'cara' ko sthAna dIjie, ghabarAi , ApakA vyaktitva camaka uThegA, ApakA vikAsa sarvatomakhI ho sakegA, ApakI pratibhA cahaMmarkha uThegI, Apake manamastiSka kA pravAha isI ora moddiye| zramaNa saMskRti kA AkarSaNa isI ora rahA hai| caraiveti, caravati, cale calo bar3he calo / (jindagI kI muskAna se uddhRta, pRSTha-149) 12. zrI devendra muni-- Apa sarasa vyAkhyAtA, saphala lekhaka aura gaDha gaveSaka vidvAn saMta haiN| Apane vidvAnoM aura sAmAnya pAThakoM donoM ke lie vipula sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAbIra eka

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333 anuzIlana, bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI zrIkRSNa eka anuzIlana, bhagavAna pArzva eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, RSabhadeva eka parizIlana, jaina darzana, svarUpa aura vizleSaNa prAdi ApakI samIkSAtmaka DhaMga se likhI gayI zodha kRtiyAM haiN| inase Apake gahana adhyetA, prabuddha cintaka, aura sadhI samIkSaka rUpa kA patA calatA hai| ina kRtiyoM meM ApakI zailI aitihAsika aura tulanAtmaka rahI hai| ApakA anya rUpa sarasa kathAkAra aura madhura cintaka kA hai| ApakI hRdayahAriNI bhAvukatA, kalpanAzIlatA aura sAdhanA kA svAnubhava jina kRtiyoM meM pratiphalita huA hai, unameM pramakha hai--cintana kI cAMdani, anubhati ke Aloka meM, vicAra razmiyAM, vicAra aura anabhatiyAM, bindU meM sindha, pratidhvani, khilatI kaliyAM:maskarAte phUla aadi| ye kRtiyAM jIvana patha para bar3hane vAle logoM ke lie dIpa stambha ke samAna haiN| inameM muni zrI ne apane vyApaka jJAna aura anubhava se samaya-samaya para jo kucha cintana kiyA, use vibhinna dRSTAntoM, kathAoM, rUpakoM aura prasaMgoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta kiyA hai| inameM prakaTa kie gaye vicAra mAtra adhyayana ke lie na hokara manana aura AcaraNa kI praraNA dene vAle haiN| muni zrI kA pravacana aura nibandha sAhitya bhI vizAla hai| saMskRti ke aMcala meM, sAhitya aura saMskRti, dharma aura darzana Adi kRtiyoM meM yaha saMgRhIta hai| ApakI zailI sahaja, sarala aura prabhAvapUrNa hai| kahIM bhI vaha durbodha nahIM bntii| eka vizeSa prakAra ke Antarika anuzAsana se vaha anuguMjita rahatI hai| eka udAharaNa dekhie-- "saMskRtaniSTha vyakti kA jIvana kalAtmaka hotA hai| vaha jIvana agarabattI kI taraha sugandhita, gulAba kI taraha khilA huA, mizrI kI taraha mIThA, makhamala kI taraha mulAyama, sUrya kI taraha tejasvI, dIpaka kI taraha nirbhIka aura kamala kI taraha nilipta hotA hai| usake jIvana meM prAcAra kI nirmala gaMgA ke sAtha vicAra kI sarasvatI aura kalA kI kAlindI kA sundara saMgama hotA (saMskRti ke aMcala meM se uddhRta, pRSTha-4) 13. zrI gaNeza muni-- Apa sarasa kavi aura projasvI vyAkhyAtA hone ke sAtha-sAtha prabaddha cintaka aura zodhakarmI vidvAna saMta haiN| gadya aura padya donoM para ApakA samAna adhikAra hai| padya ke kSetra meM jahAM Apane kaI naye prayoga kie vahAM anusandhAna ke kSetra ko bhI Apane naI dizA dii| 'indra bhati gautama eka anuzIlana' ApakI eka aisI hI kRti hai| Agama sAhitya kA adhikAMza bhAga indrabhUti gautama aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke saMvAda-rUpa meM hai| aise mahimAmaya, asAdhAraNa vyaktitva para jaina, bauddha aura vaidika sAhitya ke pariprekSya meM tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kara pahalI bAra vizada vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ahiMsA jaina dharma kA hI nahIM bhAratIya saMskRti kA prANa tattva hai| isa para vipula parimANa meM tAtvika aura saiddhAntika nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| para muni zrI ne vartamAna yuga kI samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke rUpa meM ahiMsA ke racanAtmaka upayoga kA vyAvahArika rUpa prastuta kara use eka bahu-AyAmI dharAtala pradAna kiyA hai| 'Adhunika vijJAna aura ahiMsA' tathA 'ahiMsA kI bolatI mInAreM' pustakoM meM muni zrI kA dharma aura vijJAna ko eka dUsare ke pUraka ke rUpa meM prastuta karane kA cintana abhinandanIya hai / "havAI jahAja ke andara do yantra hote haiN| eka yantra havAI jahAja kI raphtAra ko ghaTAtA-bar3hAtA hai aura dUsarA yantra dizA kA bodhaka hotA hai jisase cAlaka havAI jahAja kI gati vidhi ko ThIka se saMbhAle rahatA hai| isI prakAra vizva meM do zaktirUpa yantra avirAma gati se

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334 kAma kara rahe haiN| eka bhautika aura dUsarA zrAdhyAtmika / bhautika yantra vividha sukha suvidhA va kAryoM kI raphtAra bar3hAtA hai, aura usake vega ko kama jyAdA karatA hai, to adhyAtma yantra dizA darzana detA hai, hAni-lAbha kA parijJAna karavAtA hai aura maMjileM makasada taka pahuMcAne kA prayAsa karatA hai / zakti ( hiMsA) ke dvArA hama vizvavinAzaka tattva ke nirmAtAoM kA mana, mastiSka badala sakate haiM aura unake prayAsoM kI anupayuktatA ko samajhA sakate haiM / " ( 'hiMsA kI bolatI mInAreM' se uddhRta, puSTha - 161 ) 'preraNA ke bindu' meM muni zrI ne choTe-choTe rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se jIvana yAtrA para bar3hane vAle pathikoM ko AsthA, vizvAsa aura sAhasa kA sambala luTAyA hai / 14. zrI bhagavatI muni 'nirmala'-- Apa samAja ke yuvA sAhityakAra aura prabuddha tattva cintaka haiN| kavi, kathAkAra aura grAgama vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM zrApakA vyaktitva ubhara kara sAmane A rahA hai / 'lo kahAnI suno', 'lo kathA kaha dUM' pustakoM meM dharma-granthoM, itihAsa, purANa, prakRti Adi vividha kSetroM tathA jIvana kI sAdhAraNa ghaTanAoM se prasaMga juTAkara choTI-choTI kahAniyAM likhI gayI haiM jo bar3I preraNAdAyI aura jIvana ke utthAna meM sahAyaka haiM / ApakI bhASA prabhAvamayI aura zailI rocaka hai / 'Agama yuga kI kahAniyAM' bhAga-1, 2 meM Agamika dharAtala se prerita hokara kahAniyAM likhI gaI haiM / paThana se tatkAlIna yuga kI sAmAjika aura sAMskRtika jhAMkI bhI milatI calatI hai / 'preraNA ke prakAza stambha', 'jIvana ke parAga kaNa', bikhare puSpa, 'anubhUti ke zabda zilpa' Adi prApakI anya kRtiyAM haiM jinameM adhyAtma jagata se nisRta anubhUta vicAroM ko kathAtmaka aura gadya kAvyAtmaka zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / eka udAharaNa dekhie--' inake 'kaTorA pAsa meM rakhane se pyAsa nahIM bujhegI, usameM rakhe hue pAnI ko apane gale meM utAranA hogA / zarIra kI pUjA chor3akara AtmA ke sahaja svAbhAvika guNoM ko apanAnA hI sacce sAdhaka kA lakSya honA caahie| zarIra kI pUjA to ananta kAla se hotI hI rahI hai, usase zrAtmA bhaTakI hai, kinAre para nahIM AyI / bahudhA sAdhaka ne AtmA ke guNoM ke gIta to gAye, parantu unameM AtmA ko bhigo kara use tRpta nahIM kiyA / ' ( anubhUti ke zabda zilpa se uddhRta, pRSTha- 108 ) 15. zrI rameza muni- Apa mevAr3a bhUSaNa zrI pratApamalajI ma. ke vidvAna ziSya haiM / tattva cintaka aura saphala afa hone ke sAtha sAtha zrApa sarasa kathAkAra bhI haiM / 'pratApa kathA kaumudI' ke pAMca bhAgoM meM jaina AgamoM aura jaina caritroM meM Aye hue vividha prasaMgoM ko lekara Apane jo kathAyeM likhI haiM ve bar3I preraNAdAyI haiM / Apa meM varNana kI kSamatA, citropamatA tathA bhASA kA acchA pravAha hai| 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAvana prasaMga' meM Apane bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 65 ghaTanAtmaka aura 22 saMvAdAtmaka prasaMgoM ko bar3e hI rocaka kathAtmaka DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai / 'cintana ke Aloka meM sAmAjika tathA dArzanika cintana ke dharAtala se likhe gaye zrApake choTe-choTe subhASita saMgRhIta hai / inakA adhyayana karate samaya zAstra aura lokajIvana kI anubhUti sAtha-sAtha hotI calatI hai / eka udAharaNa dekhie- 'kImatI javAharAta jaise sonA, maNi mANikya, hIre, panne, ratna Adi ko medhAvI mAnava tijorI meM chipA kara rakhatA hai / kAraNa ki bahumUlya vastu barAbara nahIM milA karatI hai| unheM pAne ke lie una para bahutoM kI AMkheM tAkA karatI haiN| thor3I sI asAvadhAnI huI ki mAla, mAla

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335 ke ThikAne pahuMca jAtA hai| usI prakAra bhavyAtmAoM ke liye malyavAna AbhUSaNa mAne haiM unake dvArA gRhIta vrt| vratadehI ke alaMkAra haiM jo uttarottara Atma jyoti ko tejasvI evaM UrdhvamukhatA kI ora prerita karate haiN| kahA bhI hai--'dehasya sAraM vratadhAraNama' mAnava deha kI sArthakatA isI meM hai ki vaha yathAzakti suvratoM ko apanAkara asaMyamI vRttiyoM ko niyantrita kre|' (cintana ke Aloka meM se uddhRta, pRSTha-37) uparyukta saMta lekhakoM ke atirikta kaI yuvA saMta kathA aura nibandha kSetra meM barAbara apanA yogadAna de rahe haiN| vistAra bhaya se yahAM pratyeka ke sambandha meM likhanA zakya nahIM hai| ina saMta lekhakoM meM zrI ajitamuni 'nirmala', zrI saubhAgya muni 'kumuda', zrI udaya muni, zrI mahendra muni 'kamala', zrI rAjendra muni, zrI rameza muni (puSkara munijI ke ziSya ) zrI madana muni, muni zrI nemicandajI Adi ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| [kha] sAdhvI varga: jaina saMtoM kI taraha jaina sAdhviyoM kI bhI sAhitya sarjanA aura saMrakSaNA meM vizeSa bhUmikA rahI hai| sthAnakavAsI paramparA meM kaI aisI sAdhviyAM huI haiM jinhoMne mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA pratilekhana kara unheM surakSita rakhA hai| aisI sAdhviyoM meM AryA umA, kesara, gaMgA, gulAbA, candaNA, chaganA, jetA, jJAnI, pannA, padamA, premA, phUlAM, maganA, rukamA, lAchA, saMtokhA, sarasA Adi ke nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / mahAsatI bhara sUndarI aura jar3AvajI ne kAvya kSetra meM sUndara AdhyAtmika gIta prastuta kie haiN| gadya kSetra meM bhI ye pIche na rhiiN| Adhunika yuga meM zAstrIya adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta aura hindI ke adhyayana-adhyApana kI pravRtti sAdhvI samudAya meM bhI vizeSa rUpa se bddh'ii| kaI sAdhviyAM acchI vyAkhyAtA hone ke sAtha-sAtha saphala lekhikAeM bhI haiN| inameM sAdhvI umarAva kuMvara jI 'arcanA' aura mainA sundarI jI kA nAma vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| 1. sAdhvI umarAva kuMvara jI 'arcanA'-- Apa sthAnakavAsI samAja kI viduSI vicAraka sAdhvI haiN| jaina darzana va anya bhAratIya darzana kA ApakA gahana adhyayana hai| saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI,gujarAtI, urdU, aMgrejI Adi bhASAoM kA Apako acchA jJAna hai| apane pAda vihAra se Apane rAjasthAna ke atirikta paMjAba, kazmIra, himAcala pradeza tathA uttara pradeza kI bhUmi ko bhI pAvana kiyA hai| Apake vyaktitva meM proja aura mAdhurya kA sAmajasya hai| ApakI pravacana zailI spaSTa va nirbhIka hai| ApakI kaI sAhityaka kRtiyAM prakAzita ho cukI haiN| unameM mukhya hai--hima aura prAtapa, AmramaMjarI, samAdhi maraNa bhAvanA, upAsaka aura upAsanA tathA arcanA aura Aloka / 'arcanA aura Aloka' meM zAstrIya aura laukika viSayoM se sambaddha 21 pravacana saMkalita hai| paurANika aura Adhunika jIvana se preraka kathAnoM aura mArmika prasaMgoM kA ullekha karate hue Apane pravAhamayI bhASA aura projasvI zailI meM apane viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| Apake vicAroM meM udAratA aura cintana meM navIna dRSTi kA unmeSa hai| dharma kI vivecanA karate hue Apane likhA hai-- 'dharma ke do rUpa haiM--pahalA manaH zaddhi aura dUsarA bAhya vyavahAra / mana kI zaddhi se tAtparya hai-mana meM avatarita hone vAle krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha tathA moha Adi manovikAroM ko kSamA, namratA, niSkapaTatA, saMtoSa, saMyama Adi AtmaguNoM meM pariNata kara lenA tathA bAhya vyavahAra kA artha hai-Atma guNoM ko jIvana-vyApAra meM kriyAnvita karane ke lie sAmAyika, saMvara, pratikramaNa tathA vrata-upavAsa Adi kriyAeM krnaa| mana ko vikAroM se mukta karanA vicAra

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836 dharma hai aura una nirvikArI bhAvoM ko vivekapUrvaka jIvana vyavahAra meM utAranA AcAra dharma hai / yadi vicAroM meM rAga, dveSa grAdi vikAroM kA viSa nahIM hai, to pracAra meM bhI unakA kuprabhAva pratilakSita nahIM hogA / ' ( arcanA aura Aloka se udadhRta, pRSTha-303) 2. sAdhvI mainA sundarI jI - saumya svabhAva aura madhura vyaktitva kI dhanI sAdhvI zrI mainAsundarI jI apanI projasvI pravacana zailI aura spaSTa vicAra dhArA ke lie prasiddha haiM / Apake viSaya - pratipAdana meM zAstrIya dhAra to hotA hI hai, vaha nAnAvidha jIvana prasaMgoM, aitihAsika ghaTanAoM aura kAvyAtmaka udAharaNoM se sarasa aura rocaka banakara zrotA samudAya ko Atma vibhora karatA calatA hai / vizeSa parva tithiyoM aura paryuSaNa parvArAdhana ke 8 dinoM meM diye gaye Apake pravacana vizeSa prabhAvazAlI aura preraka siddha hue haiM / Apake pravacanoM ke do saMgraha, prakAzita ho cuke haiM - durlabha aMga catuSTaya aura paryuSaNa parvArAdhana / pahalI kRti meM manuSyatva, zrutavANI zravaNa, zraddhA aura saMyama meM puruSArtha ina cAra durlabha aMgoM para mArmika pravacana aura pariziSTa meM ina para do-do kathAeM saMkalita haiM / dUsarI kRti meM samyagjJAna, samyakdarzana, samyak cAritra, tapa, dAna, saMyama, Atma zuddhi aura krodhavijaya para jIvana nirmANakArI sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI hai| ApakI zailI sarasa evaM subodha haiM, bhASA meM pravAha hai, mAdhurya hai aura viSaya kA Age bar3hAne kI apUrva kSamatA hai / eka udAharaNa dekhie- lUlA 'kisI bhayAnaka vana meM bahuta joroM se Aga lagI ho aura usameM eka andhA aura dUsarI tarapha eka lUlA vyakti jhulasa rahA ho, aisI viSama velA meM donoM Apasa meM prema karaleM aura kahadeM koI bAta nahIM yadi hameM aMga apUrNa mile haiM, parantu hama eka dUsare ke sahAyaka banakara isa bIhar3a bhUmi se pAra ho jAyeMge / andhA apane kandhe para lUle ko car3hAle aura unheM mArga-darzana karatA rahe to ve donoM saralatA se pAra hoMge yA nahIM ? uttara spaSTa hai ki avazya hI hoMge / to Aiye hama apane jIvana ko jJAna aura kriyA ke samanvaya se sundara, samujjvala svarUpa pradAna kareM tAki hamAre lar3akhar3Ate kadama andhakAra se prakAza kI ora, asatya se satya kI ora aura mRtyu amaratva kI ora bar3ha sakeM / (paryuSaNa parvArAdhana se uddhRta, pRSTha 66 ) ukta sAdhvI dvaya ke atirikta anya sAdhvI lekhikAoM meM sAdhvI zrI ratanakaMvara jI aura nirmala kaMvarajI ke nAma ullekha yogya haiN| ina udIyamAna lekhikAoM ke nibandha 'jinavANI' mAsika patrikA meM samaya-samaya para prakAzita hote rahate haiM / inake atirikta mahAsatI jasakaMvarajI, chagana kaMvarajI, kusumavatI jI zrAdi prabhAvazAlI vyAkhyAnakatI sAdhviyAM haiM / [ga] gRhastha varga : -- jaina saMta-satiyoM ke samAnAntara hI jaina gRhastha varga kA bhI sAhitya sarjanA meM yoga rahA hai| yoM jaina samAja mukhyataH vyAvasAyika samArja hai para rASTrIya jIvana ke sabhI pakSoM ko puSTa karane meM usakI sabala bhUmikA rahI hai / sAhitya kA kSetra bhI usase achUtA nahIM rahA / meM vyApta kurItiyoM ke khilApha zrAvAja bulanda karane, naitika zikSaNa ko bar3hAvA dene, svAdhInatA Andolana ko gatizIla banAne, dharma aura darzana ko sAmAjika pariprekSya meM prastuta karane tathA samAja meM aikya aura sevA bhAvanA kA prasAra karane jaise vividha lakSyoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara gadya samAja

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37 sAhitya kA nirmANa hotA rahA hai| kucha pramukha gadya lekhakoM kA ullekha isa prakAra kiyA jA sakatA hai-- 1. paM. udaya jana -- zrI javAhara vidyApITha, kAnor3a ke saMsthApaka, saMcAlaka, paM. udaya jaina prArambha se hI projasvI vaktA aura maulika cintaka rahe haiN| ApakI yaha prakharatA aura maulika cintanA Apake lekhana meM bhI pratiphalita huI hai| svatantra vicAraka hone ke nAte Apa nirbhIka hokara spaSTa belAga bhASA meM apanI bAta kahate haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana aura siddhAntoM se sambandhita 'vIra vibhUti' nAmaka ApakA eka grantha prakAzi kA hai jisake vardhamAna mahAvIra, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura sarvajJa mahAvIra tIna khaNDa haiN| ya parI pustaka hai 'sAmpradAyikatA se Upara uttho'| isameM 30-35 varSoM ke madhya samaya-samaya para likhe gae vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita jaina dharma, dhArmika zikSA, jaina siddhAnta, samAja saMgaThana, saMgha sevA prAdi se saMbaddha vicArottejaka, preraNAdAyI lekha saMkalita haiN| navayuvakoM ko preraNA dete hae Apa kahate haiM-- "vIra navayuvakoM ! apanA samAja dhanalolupa banA huA hai| vIra ke tapa aura tyAga ko bhala gayA hai| gautama jaise ziSya ne nirvANotsava manAyA thaa| Aja hameM usI taraha sajJAna kA pradIpa jalA kara manAnA hai| saMsAra ko zAMti, ahiMsA kA pATha par3hA kara manAnA hai| saMsAra meM prajvalita hiMsA kI Aga aba zAMta karanA hai| yaha kAryavIra ke anuyAyI jJAna aura kriyA kI do pAMkhoM vAle jaina yuvaka hI kara sakate haiN| ataH he navayuvAoM Apa uTho, nirbhaya hokara apane puruSArtha ko batAo aura apanI sArI pravRttiyAM samAjotthAna ke kArya meM samarpaNa kara do|" (24-4-45 ke 'jaina prakAza' meM prakAzita lekha se uddhRta) 2. DA. mohanalAla mehatA kAnor3a (udayapura) ke hI DaoN, mehatA jo vartamAna meM pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna, vArANasI ke adhyakSa aura banArasa hinda yunivarsiTI meM jaina darzana ke sammAnya prAdhyApaka haiM. saphala lekhaka aura vicAraka vidvAna haiM / ApakA saMskRta aura prAkRta ke sAtha hindI, aMgrejI aura gujarAtI bhASAmoM para acchA adhikAra hai| jaina darzana aura jaina saMskRti para Apane hindI aura aMgrejI meM kaI pustakeM likhI haiM jinameM mukhya haiM--jaina dharma darzana, jaina AcAra, jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, prAkRta aura usakA sAhitya, gnnitaanuyog| jaina darzana, jaina manovijJAna, jaina saMskRti aura jaina karma siddhAnta para likhI huI ApakI aMgrejI pustakeM buddhajIviyoM ke lie vizeSa upayogI rahI hai| ApakI lekhana zailI spaSTa aura saTIka hai| sahaja, sarala bhASA meM Apa sIdhe DhaMga se pramANa purassara bAta kaha jAte haiN| eka udAharaNa dekhie "maraNa do prakAra kA hotA hai--bAla maraNa aura paMDita maraNa / ajJAniyoM kA maraNa bAla maraNa evaM jJAniyoM kA paMDita maraNa kahA jAtA hai| jo viSayoM meM Asakta hote haiM evaM matya se bhayabhIta rahate haiM ve ajJAnI bAla maraNa se marate haiN| jo viSayoM meM anAsakta hote haiM yathA mRtyu se nirbhaya rahate haiM, ve jJAnI paMDita maraNa se marate haiN| cuki paMDita maraNa meM saMyamI kA citta samAdhiyukta hotA hai arthAt saMyamI ke citta meM sthiratA evaM samabhAva kI vidyamAnatA hotI hai, ataH paMDita maraNa ko samAdhi maraNa bhI kahate haiM / " (jaina dharma darzana se uvRtta, pR. 11)

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3. DA. narendra bhAnAvata rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya meM hindI vibhAga ke prAdhyApaka DA. narendra bhAnAvata projasvI vaktA hone ke sAtha-sAtha saphala sAhityakAra bhI h| padya aura gadya donoM kSetroM meM prApane samAna rUpa se likhA hai| Apa pragatizIla cetanA aura jIvana AsthA ke kavi haiN| ApakA insAna ko karmaThatA, adamya jijIviSA aura yAtanAoM ke khilApha astitva rakSA ke lie nirantara saMgharSa karate rahane kA sAhasika svara 'mATI kukama' tathA 'AdamI, mohara aura kursI pustakoM meM saMkalita kavitAoM meM mukharita huA hai| mAnavIya saMvedanA aura pragatizIla udAra sAMskRtika cetanA ke dharAtala se likhI gaI pApako kahAniyAM 'kucha maNiyAM kucha patthara' meM tathA ekAMkI 'viSa se amRta kI ora' meM saMgRhIta haiM / kavi, kahAnIkAra aura ekAMkIkAra hone ke sAtha-sAtha Apa maulika cintaka aura praur3ha nibandhakAra bhI haiN| Apane sAhityika aura sAmAjika saMvedanA ke dharAtala se jaina dharma aura darzana ko prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| 'sAhitya ke trikoNa' meM Apake jaina sAhitya sambandhI samIkSAtmaka nibandha saMgrahIta hai| rAjasthAno vali sAhitya' meM jaina veli paramparA kA vivecanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| jinavANI' ke saMpAdaka ke rUpa meM samaya-samaya para likhI gaI ApakI viziSTa saMpAdakIya TippaNiyAM dharma kA tajasvitA aura usake sAmAjika dAya ko ubhArane meM vizeSa sahAyaka huI hai| Apake nibandhoM meM pAlocanA aura gaveSaNA ke samyaga yoga se eka vizeSa camatkRti A jAtI hai| ApakI bhASA prAMjala, zailI rocaka aura vicAra pariSkRta hote haiN| eka udAharaNa dekhie "kisI ko yaha bhrama nahIM honA cAhie ki prAdhanikatA aura vaijJAnika yuga dharma ke lie anukUla nahIM haiM yA ve dharma ke zatru haiN| saho bAta to yaha hai ki AdhunikatA ho dharma kI kasauTo hai| dharma sahaja aMdhAvazvAsa yA avasaravAditA nahIM hai| kaI lokasammata jIvanAdarza mila kara hI dharma kA rUpa khar3A karate haiN| usameM jo avAMchanIya rur3hi tattva praveza kara jAte haiM, AdhunikatA unakA virodha karatI hai| AdhunikatA kA paramparA yA dharma ke kendrIya jovana tattvoM se koI virodha nahIM hai| udAharaNa ke liye paramparAgata mAnavIya Adarza-prema, surakSA, sahayoga, mamatA, karuNA, savA Adi guNa lie jA sakate haiN| hamArI dRSTi se AdhunikatA ina guNoM se rahita nahIM ho sktii| yaha avazya hai ki jyoM-jyoM sAmAjika surakSA ke vividha sAdhana adhikAdhika prastuta hAte jA rahe haiM tyoM tyoM ina mAnavIya gaNoM kA sthAnAntaraNa hotA jA rahA hai| penzana, prAvIDeNTa phaNDa, jovana bomA Adi ejensiyoM meM va sarakArI saMsthAnoM meN| para yaha smaraNIya hai ki dharma ko bhAvanA hI eka aisA rasa tattva-saMjIvana tattva hai jo AdhunikatA ke paripakva phala ko sar3ane se bacAyegA, anyathA usameM kIr3e par3a jAyeMge aura vaha khAne ke yogya nahIM rhegaa| ('jinavANI' ke zrAvaka dharma vizeSAMka se udhata, pRSTha 4) uparyukta lekhakoM ke atirikta aise lekhakoM kI saMkhyA paryApta hai jinake sphuTa lekha samayasamaya para vividha patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita hote rahate haiN| zrA kanhaiyAlAla lor3hA aura zrI himmatasiMha saruparayA ne Adhunika vijJAna ke pariprekSya meM jaina dharma aura darzana kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karane meM acchA pahala kA hai| DA. mahendra bhAnAvata ne jaina sAhitya kI lokadharmI paramparAoM ko ujAgara karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| zrI zAnticandra mehatA, zrI miTThAlAla maraDiyA, zrI rikhabarAja karNAvaTa, DA. indrarAja baida, zrI ratnakumAra jaina 'ratneza', zrI cAMdamala karNAvaTa, zrI ratanalAla saMghavI, zrI surajacanda DAMgI, zrI saMpatarAja DosI, zrI jazakaraNa DAgA, zrI pratApacanda bhUrA, zrI udaya nAgArI Adi lekhakoM ne dhArmika-sAmAjika saMvedanA se prerita hokara kaI lekha likhe haiN|

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339 mahilA lekhikAnoM meM zAntA bhAnAvata (lekhikA) ne jIvana kI sAmAnya ghaTanAoM ko lekara naitika preraNA dene vAlI dhArmika-sAmAjika kahAniyAM aura dainandina jIvana meM ghaTane vAlI bAtoM ko lekara kaI jIvanopayogI preraka lekha likhe haiN| zrImatI suzIlA boharA aura ratana caurar3iyA ke bhI kucha lekha prakAzita hae haiM / jaina saMta sAmAnyataH sIdhe lekha nahIM likhte| unakA adhikAMza sAhitya saMpAdita hokara prakAza meM AyA hai| saMpAdakoM kI isa paMkti meM yazasvI nAma haiM paM. zobhAcanda bhArilla aura zrI zrIcanda surANA 'srs'| bhArilla jI ne apane jIvana kA adhikAMza bhAga saMpAdanasevA meM hI samarpita kiyA hai| javAhara kiraNAvalI, divAkara divya jyoti, hIraka pravacana Adi ke rUpa meM jo pravacana sAhitya prakAzita huA hai usakA zreya Apa hI ko hai| idhara sarasajI ke saMpAdana meM adhikAMza sAhitya prakAzita ho rahA hai / samagra rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki hindI gadya sAhitya ke kSetra meM jaina saMtoM, sAdhviyoM aura gRhasthoM kI mahattvapUrNa dena rahI hai| isa sAhitya meM uttejanA kA svara na hokara preraNA kA svara hai| yaha hamArI bAhya vRttiyoM ko ubhAr3atA nahIM varan unheM anuzAsita kara antarmukhI banAtA hai| jIvana ko pavitra, samAja ko pragatigAmI aura vizva ko zAMtipUrNa saha astitva kI ora unmukha karane meM yaha sAhitya bar3A upayogI hai|

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hindI jaina gadya sAhitya-7. muni zrIcanda 'kamala' terApaMtha tIsare zataka ke dUsare dazaka meM cala rahA hai| isa kAlAvadhi meM aneka sAdhasAdhviyAM sAhityakAra hue haiN| jaina paramparA ke anusAra ve pAda-vihAra vratI haiM / 'tinnaNaM tArayANa' sUtra ke anusAra ve Atma-sAdhanA ke mAtha-sAtha jana kalyANa kI bhAvanA lekara calate hai| isaliye ve sadA loka bhASA ko mahatva dete rahe haiN| terApaMtha ke navamAcAya zrI tulasI gaNI ke prAcAryakAla meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kA vihAra kSetra vyApaka huaA hai / jana sampaka aura AvazyakatA vaza terApaMtha ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ne hindI sAhitya meM praveza kiyA / hindI kI marvaprathama pustaka jIva-ajIva vi. saM. 2000 meM prakAza meM pAI jo manizrI nathamalajI kI prathama kRti thii| ApakI dUsarI pustaka thI ahiNsaa| phira dhIre-dhIre sAhitya sarjana meM gati hotI gii| ina tIsa varSoM meM sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI choTI-moTI lagabhaga tIna-cAra sau kRtiyAM prakAzita ho cakI haiN| gadya sAhitya aneka viSayoM ko lakSyakara likhA gayA mukhya viSaya hai-- vicAra pradhAna nibandha, yoga, jaina darzana, yAtrA,saMsmaraNa, itihAsa, pAgamoM kI vyAkhyA, jIvanI, praNavrata, upanyAsa-kathA, pravacana, kAvya, vividha viSaya Adi-Adi / vicAra pradhAna nibandha sAhitya : 1 merA dharma kendra aura paridhi-lekhaka prAcArya tulasI :--paccIsa nibandhAtmaka isa kRti meM dharma ke tejasvI rUpa ko kendra meM pratiSThita karake vividha sampradAyoM ko paridhi mAnA gayA hai| dharma buddhi kI daur3a se dUra anubhUtigamya hai| vaha vyakti ko bAMdhatA nahIM, mukta karatA hai| dharma kI rUDha dhAraNAoM ke prati isameM eka krAntikArI svara makharita kiyA gayA hai| Aja vahI dharma jIvita raha sakatA hai jisameM bauddhika cunautiyoM ko jhelane kI kSamatA ho, mana ko sthiratA, buddhi ko samAdhAna aura hRdaya ko zraddhA kA saMbala pradAna karane vAle ye lagha nibandha dharmAnubhUti kI dizA meM preraNA dene vAle haiN| 2. kyA dharma buddhi gamya hai --prAcArya tulasI :--prastuta pustaka meM dharma kA jo svarUpa upasthita kiyA gayA hai usase dharma kA dvAra una logoM ke lie bhI khula jAegA jo buddhivAda ke raMga meM raMgakara use kapolakalpita mAtra samajhate haiN| ve bhI lAbhAnvita hoMge jo dharma ko kevala paraloka kI chAyA meM hI dekhate haiN| ve bhI upakRta hoMge jo dharma ko prAtmAnubhUti kA tatva mAnate 3. dharma eka kasauTI eka rekhA--prAcArya tulasI :--bhArata meM dharma zabda bahuta priya rahA hai| usakI atyanta priyatA ke kAraNa usakI maryAdA meM kucha una vastuoM kA bhI samAveza ho gayA hai, jo iSTa nahIM hai| aniSTa kA praveza hone para usakI parIkSA kA prazna upasthita huaa| parIkSA kA pahalA prakAra kasauTI hai| usa para rekhA khIMcate hI svarNa parIkSita ho jAtA hai| dharma kI kasauTI hai mAnavIya ekatA kI anbhuuti| hRdaya aura mastiAka para abheda kI rekhA bacita hote hI dharma parIkSita ho jAtA hai| prastuta pustaka meM dharma ko isI kasauTI para rakhA gayA hai|

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341 4. taTa do pravAha eka--muni nathamala :--prastuta kRti dArzanika pariveza meM darzana, jAvana, samAja-vyavasthA ke sAtha anivAryataH sambaddha jIvana dharma, rASTra dharma, ekatA, abhaya, ahiMsA, saha astitva Adi praznoM kI buddhigamya aura tarka saMgata vyAkhyA detI hai / 5. samasyA kA patthara adhyAtma kI chenI--mani nathamala:---jahAM adhyAtma hai vahA~ vyAvahArikatA kA sAmaMjasya nahIM hai, yaha ekAMgIpana samasyA hai| dUsarI ora vyavahAra ko pakar3ane vAle vyakti sabhI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne meM kevala vyavahAra ko hI upayogI mAnate haiN| hamArI samasyAeM bAhara ke vistAra se A rahI hai kintu unakA mUla hamAre mana meM hai| 95 pratizata samasyAyeM hamAre mana se utpanna hotI haiN| adhyAtma eka chenI hai, usase samasyA ke patthara ko tarAzA jA sakatA hai| mana kI gaharAI meM panapane vAlI samasyAoM kI gAMTha khulane para mukti kI anubhUti sahaja ho jAtI hai| prastuta pustaka isI satya kI parikramA kie calatI hai| ____6. mahAvIra kyA the?-muni nathamala:--mahAvIra kyA the yaha prazna pahale bhI pUchA jAtA rahA hai aura Aja bhI pUchA jAtA hai| isakA uttara eka-sA nahIM diyA jA sktaa| mahAvIra ke jIvana ke aneka pAyAma haiN| sabhI pAyAma yazasvI aura ujjvala haiN| unhoMne satya-saMdhitsA kI bhAvanA se abhiniSkramaNa kiyA. satya kI sAdhanA kI ora eka dina svayaM satya ho ge| isa pustaka meM unake vyaktitva ke vibhinna AyAmoM kI sphaTa vyAkhyA hai aura satya banane kA prazasta mArga nirdiSTa hai| yoga sAhitya : 1. tuma ananta zakti ke srota ho--muni nathamala:-prastuta pustaka apanI ananta zaktiyoM ke prakaTana kA mArga dikhAtI hai| jaina yoga aura prAsana, kAyotsarga, bhAva-kriyA, moha vyaha, saMvega nirveda prAdi 24 yoga viSayoM para jaina sAdhanA kI dRSTi spaSTa kI gaI hai| 2. maiM merA mana merI zAnti--muni nathamala:--prastuta graMtha meM mana kI ekAgratA, amanAvasthA kI upalabdhi, dharmatatva kA cintana, vyaSTi aura samaSTi meM avirodha kI sAdhanA para prAdhRta zAsvata praznoM ko vivecita kiyA gayA hai| isake tIna khaNDa haiM-maiM aura merA mana, dharma krAnti aura mAnamika zAMti ke 16 sUtra / 3. cetanA kA UrdhvArohaNa-muni nathamala:--aneka logoM kI yaha dhAraNA hai ki jainoM kI sAdhanA-paddhati vyavasthita nahIM hai, yA jaina yoga nahIM hai| yaha pustaka isa dhAraNA ko nirAdhAra siddha karatI hai| isa kRti meM jaina yoga para die gae pravacanoM tathA praznottaroM kA saMkalana hai| isameM anupalabdha jaina sAdhanA-paddhati ko apane anubhavoM tathA sAdhanA ke prakAza meM khojane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / 4. bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA rahasya bhAga, 1-2--muni nathamala:-bhagavAn mahAvIra ke yuga meM jo sAdhanA sUtra jJAta the, Aja ve samagratayA jJAta nahIM hai| isameM una sAdhanA sUtroM ke sparza kA prayatna kiyA hai, jo ajJAta se jJAta bane haiN| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM zarIra, zvAsa, vANI aura mana ko sAdhanA pAvazyaka hotA hai| ina pustakoM meM inakI sAdhanA kA marma udghATita kiyA gayA hai| zarIra kA saMvara, zvAMsa saMvara, indriya saMvara, vAka saMvara, prANa Adi yoga viSayoM para vartamAna meM pracalita sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM ke pariprakSya meM jaina dRSTikoNa upasthita kiyA gayA hai / isameM cAra adhyAya haiM-AtmA kA jAgaraNa, AtmA kA sAkSAtkAra, samAdhi aura itihAsa ke saMdarbha meN| tIsare adhyAya meM samAdhi ko jaina pariprekSya meM upasthita karate hue sAmAyika sAmAdhi, jJAna samAdhiH

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342 darzana samAdhi, cAritna samAdhi prAdi kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI hai| antima adhyAya meM jaina paramparA meM dhyAna kA aitihAsika vizleSaNa prastuta hai| isa lambI kAlAvadhi meM itara sAdhanA paddhatiyoM se jo AdAna-pradAna huA hai usakA sundara vizleSaNa isa pustaka meM hai| ise jaina yoga kA pratinidhi grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai| 5. yoga kI prathama kiraNa--sAdhvI rAjImatI:-prastuta pustaka meM yoga sAdhanA ke prAraMbhika aMza AhAra zuddhi, zarIra zuddhi, indriya zuddhi, zvAsocchavAsa zuddhi Adi viSayoM para cintana kiyA gayA hai| prAsana prayogoM se hone vAle hAni-lAbha ke vivaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha svayaM kI anubhUtiyoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai| 6. astitva kA bodha--muni nathamala:-prastuta pustaka meM yoga sambandhI vicAra abhivyakta hue haiN| 7. jAgarikA--saM. muni zrIcandra, muni kizanalAla:-isa pustaka meM lADanUM meM Ayojita eka mAsIya sAdhanA-satra meM vibhinna pravaktAoM dvArA pradatta yoga viSayaka pacAsa pravacanoM kA saMkalana hai| inameM jaina sAdhanA paddhati yA jaina yoga ke mUlabhUta tathyoM kA sundara vivecana prastuta hai| praznottaroM ke kAraNa viSaya bahuta spaSTa hotA gayA hai| kucha kriyAtmaka prayoga bhI vinirdiSTa haiN| 8. manonigraha ke do mAga-mani dhanarAja (sarasA):-prastuta pustaka meM svAdhyAya aura dhyAna ko manonigraha ke do mArga batAkara jainAgamoM meM varNita dhyAna ke cAra prakAroM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| anUdita : 9. manonuzAsanam-prAcArya zrI tulasI, vyAkhyAkAra muni nathamalaH-prastuta grantha meM mana ke anuzAsana kI prakriyA nirUpita kI gaI hai / yaha grantha jaina yoga meM pAtaMjala yoga sUtra ke samAna sUtrabaddha tathA vyAkhyA sahita hai| 10. dhyAna zataka-jinabhadragaNi, ana. mani dalaharAjaH---isameM dhyAna ke bheda-prabheda,dhyAna kA svarUpa Alambana, prakriyA aura phala Adi kA vivecana hai| sau zlokoM kA yaha laghukAya grantha jaina dhyAna paddhati ko samajhAne meM bahata sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana sAhitya : 1. jaina darzanaH manana aura mImAMsA-mani nathamala:--yaha grantha jaina darzana ko samagratA se prastuta karatA hai| isake pAMca khaNDa haiN| grantha kA pahalA khaNDa bhagavAna RSabhadeva se lekara mahAvIra kI paramparA aura kAlacakra kA bodha detA hai| dUsare khaNDa meM pudgala paramANu,jIvana, prANa, AtmavAda, karmavAda, syAdavAda ke gahana-gambhIra viSaya pATaka ke lie sugamya bana gae haiN| tIsare khaNDa meM AcAra mImAMsA hai| isameM mokSa prApti ke lie sAdhaka ko jIvana sAdhanA kA patha darzana milatA hai| cauthe khaNDa meM jJAna mImAMsA hai| isameM jJAna, indriya, mana, manovijJAna, cetanA kA vikAsa, kaSAya, bhAvanA,dhyAna Adi viSayoM para vistRta carcA hai| pAMcaveM khaNDa meM pramANa mImAMsA hai / ye pAMcoM khaNDa apane Apa meM svatantra grantha rUpa liye hue haiM / inakA ekatra samAkalana jaina darzana ko samagratA se prastuta karane meM sakSama hai| samIkSakoM ne ise jaina darzana kA pratinidhi grantha mAnate hue isa vidyA kA alabhya grantha mAnA hai|

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343 2. jaina darzana aura Adhunika vijJAna--muni nagarAjaH-buddhijIvI svIkAra karate haiM ki jaina darzana vaijJAnika darzana hai| prastuta pustaka darzana aura vijJAna kI samIkSAtmaka sAmagrI prastuta karatI hai| isameM paramANa, bhU-bhramaNa, syAdvAda Adi kI jaina darzana sammata vivecanA prastuta karate hae Adhanika vijJAna kI mAnyatAoM ke sAtha usakI tulanA prastuta kI gaI hai| lekhaka jaina darzana ke mUlabhUta katipaya tathyoM ko vaijJAnika kasauTI para kasakara unakI sAragabhitA pratipAdita kara pAThaka ke mana para jaina darzana kI vaijJAnikatA kI amiTa chApa chor3a jAtA hai| 3. atIta kA anAvaraNa-muni nathamala:-prastuta kRti zodhapUrNa grantha hai| zramaNa saMskRti kA prAgavaidika astitva, zramaNa saMskRti Atma vidyA ke saMdhAnI kSatriyoM kI upalabdhi, prArya-anArya, baddha aura mahAvIra, Agama granthoM kA vicAra aura vyavahAra tatva, bRhattara bhArata ke dakSiNArdha aura uttarArdha kI vibhAjana rekhA vaitAdya parvata Adi viSayoM para 25 nibaMdhAtmaka isa kRti meM aneka tathya udghATita hue haiM jo dharma aura darzana jagata meM pahelI bane hue the| 4. ahiMsA tatva darzana---muni nathamala:--prastuta kRti ahiMsA vizvakoza hai| isameM ahiMsA para samagra dRSTikoNa se vicAra prastuta karate hue pAgama tathA uttaravartI prAcAryoM ke dRSTikoNa pratipAdita kie gae haiN| ahiMsA ke kramika vikAsa para etihAsika vizleSaNa bhI isameM : vistAra se huA hai| 5. ahiMsA aura viveka-~-muni nagarAja:-prastuta pustaka meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa ahiMsA kA svarUpa tathA usakI avasthAoM kA citraNa bahuta sahaja DhaMga se kiyA gayA hai| prAcArya bhikSa kI ahiMsA dRSTi ko mahAtmA gAMdhI kI ahiMsA dRSTi ke sAtha tolate hue donoM meM kahAM bheda abheda hai usakA sundara vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 6. vizva prahelikA-muni mahendra kumAra:-isa kRti meM vaijJAnika siddhAntoM aura unase sambaddha dArzanika pratipAdanoM kA pAlocanAtmaka vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isake sAtha vizva sambandhI jaina siddhAntoM kA vizada nirUpaNa bhI huA hai| prastuta kRti meM vijJAna, pAzcAtya darzana aura jaina darzana ke Aloka meM vizva kI vAstavikatA, svarUpa aura usakI sthiti kI gaNita ke mAdhyama se mImAMsA kI gaI hai| 7. satya kI khoja anekAnta ke pAloka meM--muni nathamala:---yaha 13 zIrSakoM meM vibhakta jaina darzana ke malabhUta siddhAntoM ko aAdhunika pariprekSya meM prastuta karane vAlI maulika kRti hai| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI artha nIti, samAja zAstra, karmavAda, pariNAmi nityavAda Adi viSayaka mAnyatAoM ko Adhunika saMdarbha meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 8. ahiMsA paryavekSaNa--muni nagarAja:--samAja meM ahiMsA kA vikAsa kyoM, kaba aura kaise huA isakA kramika byaurA prastuta pustaka meM upasthita kiyA gayA hai / kAlakrama ke sAtha ahiMsA ke unmeSa aura nimeSa dekhe gae haiN| 9. zabdoM kI vedI anubhava kA dIpa--muni dulaharAjaH-prastuta pustaka bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana prasaMga, preraka kathAeM, pAgama-saMpAdana sambandhI vizeSa jAnakArI, saMpradAyoM kA itihAsa, granthoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, Agama vAkyoM kI vyAkhyA Adi 119 lekhoM meM vaha vividha sAmagrI prastuta karatI hai| 10. ahiMsA ke aMcala meM--muni nagarAjaH-prastuta pustaka meM samaya-samaya para likhe gae ahiMsA viSaya ke lekhoM kA saMgraha hai| isameM ahiMsA ke vibhinna pahaloM para cintana kiyA gayA hai|

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11. ahiMsA kI sahI samajha--muni nathamala:-prastuta pustaka ahiMsA kI adhUrI samajha ke pratyuttara meM likhA gayA vRhattara nibandha hai / isameM ahiMsA ke viSaya meM uTane vAle praznoM kA prAgama va tarka ke AdhAra para samAdhAna diyA gayA hai| 12. jaina tatva cintana-muni nathamala:-prastuta pustaka meM jaina darzana ke vibhinna pahaloM vartamAna ke sandarbha meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / 13. jaina dharma bIja aura baragada--muni nathamala:-bIjAvasthA meM jaina dharma eka aura avibhakta thaa| vistArAvasthA meM vaha aneka zAkhAoM aura prazAkhAoM meM vibhakta ho gayA hai| terApantha jaina dharma kI eka zAkhA hai| zAkhA mUla se bhinna nahIM hotI, isameM jaina dharma aura terApantha sambandhI bahuvidha sAmagrI kA saMkalana hai| 14. jJAna prakAza--munidhanarAja (sarasA):-isa kRti meM matijJAna. zratajJAna. avadhi jJAna, manaHparyaya jJAna aura kevala jJAna ke bheda-prabheda tathA tatsambandhI sAmagrI saMkalita hai| viSaya kI pramANika jAnakArI ke lie prAgamoM ke pramANa prastuta kie gae haiM ataH yaha grantha anadhitsutroM ke lie bahuta upayogI hai| 15. cAritna prakAza-- muni dhanarAja (sarasA):-isa kRti meM 9 prakAza puja hai| mahAvata, samiti, gupti Adi muni dharmoM kA vistRta vivecana hai / 18. mokSa prakAza--muni dhanarAja (sarasA):--isa kRti meM bAraha paja hai / isameM mokSa ke svarUpa para vizada prakAza DAlA gayA hai| mokSa ke sAdhaka (nirjarA) aura bAdhaka (pAzrava) Adi tatvoM kA sundara vivaMcana huA hai| prastuta grantha meM sarva sAdhAraNa ke upayogI karma siddhAntoM kI jAnakArI prApta hai| 17. jIvana -ajIva-muni nathamala:-isa kRti meM paccIsa bola para vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| jaina darzana sammata gati, paryApti, prANa, nau tatva, cAritra Adi-Adi viSayoM kI prAraMbhika jAnakArI dene vAlA yaha grantha jaina darzana kA praveza dvAra hai| 18. loka prakAza-muni dhanarAja (sarasA):-isa kRti meM loka kI AkRti, svarUpa tathA usake AdhAra kA vivecana huA hai| naraka, tiryanca, manuSya aura devatA ke bheda-prabha da svarUpa, AvAgamana, jIvana vidhi Adi praznoM kA jaina mAnyatA ke anusAra samAdhAna diyA gayA hai| 19. jJAna vATikA--muni chanamala:-prastuta pustaka meM 21 kalikA (prakaraNa) hai / isameM jJAna, darzana, syAdavAda, saptabhaMgI, prAcAra aura itihAsa Adi jaina darzana sambandhI sAmagrI praznottara ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai| bAlakoM ko tatva jJAna meM praveza karAne ke lie yaha pastaka upayogI hai / 20. zrAvaka dharma prakAza--muni dhanarAja:-praznottarAtmaka prastuta kRti zrAvaka dharma ke 12 vratoM kA sarala bhASA meM vivecana detI hai| zrAvaka kI paDimAeM, saMlekhanA karane kI vidhi zrAvaka kI dinacaryA va tIna manoratha tathA cAra vizrAmoM para bhI pustaka prakAza DAlatI hai| 21. naI samAja vyavasthA meM dAna-dayA-muni nagarAja:-prastuta pustaka meM dAna-dayA kA tArkika aura bauddhika stara se varNana kiyA gayA hai| 22. tatva pravezikA--saM. muni madhukara:-jaina tatvoM meM praveza karane vAle vidyArthiyoM ke lie kanThastha karane yogya sAmagrI saMkalita hai /

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anudita:-- 345 23. saMbodhi----vyAkhyAkAra muni zubhakaraNaH - prastuta grantha muni zrI nathamala jI kRta saMbodhi kI vistRta vyAkhyA hai / ise jaina gItA bhI kahate haiM / gItA kA arjuna kurukSetra ke samarAMgaNa meM klIva hotA hai to saMbodhi kA meghakumAra sAdhanA kI samara bhUmi meM valIba banatA hai| gItA ke gAyaka yogirAja kRSNa haiM aura saMbodhi ke gAyaka bhagavAn mahAvIra / arjuna kA pauruSa - jAga uThA kRSNa kA upadeza sunakara aura mahAvIra kI vANI suna meghakumAra kI AtmA caitanya se jagamagA uThI / meghakumAra ne jo prakAza pAyA vahI prakAza prastuta grantha meM vyApaka banA hai / saMvAda zailI meM likhA gayA yaha grantha samagra jaina darzana kA pratinidhitva karatA hai / 24. adhyAtma dharma jaina dharma -- anu. muni zubhakaraNa :- uDIsA ke khyAti prApta vidvAna paMDita nIlakanTha dAsa ne gItA para uDiyA bhASA meM TIkA likhI thI / usakI bhUmikA meM jaina dharma sambandhI eka mahatvapUrNa adhyAya likhA thA / prastuta pustaka usI kA hindI anuvAda hai / isameM aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina dharma kI prAcInatA aneka uddharaNoM se siddha kI gaI hai tathA samasta bhogavAdI yA zrAtmavAdI dharmoM para jaina dharma darzana kA pratibimba mAnA gayA hai / 25. uDIsA meM jaina dharma-muni anu. zubhakaraNaH - samrATa khAravela ne kaliMga meM jaina dharma ko bahuta prabhAvI banAyA / usa samaya uDIsA jaina dharma aura jaina zramaNoM ke parivrajana kA mahAna kendra thA / khAravela ne grAgama vAcanA kI yojanA kI thI / jaina paramparA meM samrATa khAravela kA vahI sthala hai jo bauddha paramparA meM samrATa azoka kA hai / meM kaliMga meM jaina dharma ke prabhAva kI paristhitiyoM kA itihAsa kA vistRta adhyAya isa pustaka se punaH prakAza meM meM DA. lakSmInArAyaNa sAhU dvArA likhita proDisA re jaina dharma kA hindI anuvAda hai / prastuta pustaka meM itihAsa ke saMdarbha vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai / jaina AegA / prastuta pustaka uDiyA bhASA yAtrA sAhitya: 1. nava nirmANa kI pukAra -- saM. satyadeva vidyAlaMkAraH -- prastuta pustaka meM aNuvRta Andolana ke prarvataka AcArya zrI tulasI kI disambara 1956 kI 39 dina kI dillI yAtrA kA varNana hai / isameM preraNAprada saMdezoM, dArzanika pravacanoM, deza-videza ke labdha pratiSThita vicArakoM, patrakAroM, dhArmika netAoM, rAjanItijJoM tathA kUTanItijJoM ke sAtha jIvana nirmANa sambandhI carcA, vicAra-vinimaya kA dina krama se vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai / prastuta pustaka meM 23 prAyojanoM, 19 pravacanoM tathA 32 carcA vArtAoM kI sAmagrI hai / 2. kucha dekhA kucha sunA kucha samajhA- - muni nathamala:- prastuta pustaka prAcArya tulasI kI rAjasthAna (lADanU') se kalakattA aura vahAM se vApasa rAjasthAna ( saradArazahara) Ane taka kI yAtrA kA itihAsa hai / upanyAsa kI zailI se likhA gayA yaha yAtrA vivaraNa bahuta hI rocaka aura tatkAlIna ghaTanAoM kA sundara vivecana prastuta karatA hai / isake pariziSTa meM tArIkha krama se do varSoM kI vizeSa ghaTanAoM kI saMkalanA prastuta kI gaI hai / 3. padacinha - muni zrI candraH - isa kRti meM 27-3-62 se 3-2-63 taka AcArya zrI tulasI ke parivrajana kA itihAsa bolatA hai / yAtrA ke sAtha ghaTane vAle saMsmaraNa, praznottara, pravacana, progrAmoM Adi kA sajIva varNana hai / isa kRti meM na kevala yAtrA kA darpaNa hI diyA gayA hai apitu prasaMgopAta vicAra bhI die gae haiM jisase isakI rocakatA aura grAhyatA adhika bar3ha gaI hai /

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346 4. jana jana ke bIca-bhAga-1-muni sukhalAla:--prastuta pustaka meM AcArya zrI tulasI kI yAtrA kA varNana saMkalita hai| 5. jana jana ke bIca-bhAga-2--muni sukhalAla:-isa pustaka meM prAcArya zrI kI vidyutvega yAtrA meM baMgAla vihAra se vApasa Ate uttara pradeza, paMjAba tathA rAjasthAna kI yAtrA ka AcArya zrI ke jIvana prasaMga, sthAnIya logoM kI manovRtti, prAkRtika citraNa, itihAsa aura yAtrA meM ghaTane vAlI ghaTanAoM kA sUkSma dRSTi se vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| 6. baDhate caraNa--muni zrI candra:-baMgAla se rAjasthAna kI ora Ate hue AcArya zrI tulasI kI vidyutvega yAtrA ke 40 dina (baMgAla aura bihAra pradeza kI yAtrA) kA vivaraNa isa kRti meM diyA gayA hai| isameM yAtrA ke bIca Ane vAle gAMva yA zaharoM kA itihAsa bhI saMkalita hai| saMsmaraNa aura itihAsa pradhAnAtmaka isa kRti meM pravacanoM kA sparza nahIM ke barAbara hayA hai| saMsmaraNa sAhitya 1. razmiyAM-muni zrIcandraH-isa kRti meM prAcArya zrI tulasI ke aise kSaNoM ko sUkSmatA se pakar3A gayA hai jo jIvana kI pagaDaMDI para dizA-saMketa banakara mArga darzana karate haiM aura vyavahAra meM sarasa jIvana jIne kI kalA sikhAte haiN| prAcArya zrI tulasI kI painI dRSTi ne hara vastu meM guNoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai| 2. AcArya zrI tulasI apanI chAyA meM-muni sukhalAla:-isa kRti meM prAcArya zrI tulasI ke aise saMsmaraNa saMkalita hai jo zikSAprada hone ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana ko samarasa banAne meM upayogI haiM / ina saMsmaraNoM meM prAcArya zrI tulasI ke vicAra, svabhAva aura prakRti kA pratibimba bahuta sundara DhaMga hayA hai| 3. jaya saurabha--muni chanamalaH-eka padya para eka saMsmaraNa ko kahane vAlI yaha kRti jayAcArya ke jIvana ke sau saMsmaraNoM kA saMgraha hai| 4. mahAvIra kI sUktiyAM--merI anubhUtiyAM-muni chatramala:-prastuta pustaka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI ke saMdarbha meM apanI vibhinna ghaTanAoM ko dekhA gayA hai| 5. buddha kI sUktiyAM merI anubhUtiyAM--muni chanamala:-prastuta pustaka meM apanI anubhUtiyAM aura saMsmaraNoM ke Aloka meM bhagavAna buddha kI vANI kI tulanAtmaka smRti kI gaI hai| itihAsa sAhitya: 1. terApantha kA itihAsa bhAga1--muni buddhamala:-isa grantha meM dasa pariccheda tathA dasa pariziSTa haiN| prathama pariccheda meM prAga aitihAsika kAla aura aitihAsika kAla meM hone vAlI jaina dharma kI sthitiyoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa hai| dUsare pariccheda se lekara dasaveM pariccheda taka terApantha ke nau prAcAryoM kA kramazaH eka-eka pariccheda meM varNana hai| pratyeka prAcArya kA jIvana tathA usakA vyaktitva aura kRtitva, saMta satiyoM kI khyAta, saMpradAya kI paramparA, Antarika vyavasthA, anuzAsana, maryAdA, vikAsa krama, yugAnukula parivartana Adi vividha sAmagrI isa grantha meM saMgrahIta kI gaI haiN| isameM una ghaTanAoM kA bhI ullekha hai jo saMgha meM zrutAnu zrutika rUpa se pracalita thii|

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347 2. itihAsa ke bolate pRSTha--muni chatramala:-prastuta pustaka meM AcArya bhikSu ke utkrAntimaya jIvana se jur3I ghaTanAvaliyoM ko zabdoM kA AkAra diyA gayA hai| ghaTanAoM kI prAmaNikatA ke lie saMdarbha granthoM kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| 3. camakate cAMda--muni dhanarAjaH-isa laghu kRti meM terApantha ke nava prAcAryoM kA ati saMkSipta jIvana itihAsa hai / mAgama sAhityaH Agama saMpAdana kA kArya 25 varSoM se cala rahA hai| AgamoM kI bhASA prAkRta hai| mUla pATha kA saMzodhana, saMskRta chAyA, hindI anuvAda, tulanAtmaka TippaNiyAM, zabdAnukrama, nAmAnukrama aura samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ye pAgama saMpAdana ke pramukha aMga hai| isa zodha kArya ke vAcanA pramukha haiMprAcArya zrI tulasI aura pradhAna saMpAdaka tathA vivecaka hai-mani zrI nathamala jii| isa gurutara kArya ko sampanna karane ke lie lagabhaga 20-25 sAdhu-sAdhviyAM juTe hue haiN| kAla kI isa lambI, avadhi meM jitanA kArya huA hai usakA kucha bhAga prakAzita huA hai| hindI meM anUdita aura vivecita ATha grantha isa prakAra haiM:-- 1. AyAro (AcArAMga) :- yaha bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA sabase prAcIna saMkalana hai| isakI bhASA anyAnya AgamoM se pRthak par3atI hai| yaha sUtrAtmaka hai kintu yatra tatra vibhinna chandoM ke eka-eka do-do tIna-tIna caraNa bhI upalabdha hote haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana aura darzana kA yaha prAcInatama zrota hai| isakA Adhunika zailI meM hindI anuvAda tathA TippaNI bahuta apekSita the| yaha grantha isakI pUrti karatA hai| TippaNoM tathA mUla ke anuvAda se jaina sAdhanA paddhati kA sundara citra prastuta hotA hai| 2. ThANaM (sthAnAMga):- yaha tIsarA aMga Agama hai| isameM eka se dasa taka kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para hajAroM viSayoM kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| yaha grantha AdhyAtmika tathyoM tathA jaina paramparA ke mUlabhUta siddhAntoM aura paramparA kA Akara grantha hai| isake vistRta TippaNa jaina, bauddha aura vaidika paramparAgata aneka naI sUcanAeM prastuta karatA hai| isa rUpa meM grantha ke prastutIkaraNa apane Apa meM eka anokhA anuSThAna hai| 3. samavAyo (samavAyAMga):- yaha cauthA aMga Agama hai| yaha bhI sAMkhyika vidhi se saMkalita grantha hai| isameM vividha prakAra kI sUcanAeM saMkalita haiN| 4. uttarajjhayaNANi (uttarAdhyayana):-yaha saMkalana sUtra hai| isake chattIsa adhyayana hai| isameM aneka aitihAsika kathAoM ke mAdhyama se jaina paramparA ke aneka tathyoM ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| isameM jaina yoga tathA jaina tatvavAda aura paramparA ke aneka adhyayana hai|| __5. dasave AliyaM (dasarvakAlika):--yaha prAcArya zayyaMbhava kI racanA hai| isakA racanA-kAla vIra nirvANa kI pahalI zatAbdI hai| isameM lagabhaga 750 zloka hai| sAdhAraNatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki yaha bahuta sarala sUtra hai| kintu saMkSipta zailI meM likhA gayA yaha sUtra bahuta gar3ha hai| prastuta saMskaraNa meM isake eka eka zabda kI mImAMsA prastuta kI gaI hai| yaha saMskaraNa isa grantha gata vizeSatAoM kI abhivyakti karane meM pUrNa sakSama hai| ____6. uttarAdhyayana eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana:- prastuta grantha zramaNa paramparA kA pratinidhi grantha hai| yaha do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama khaNDa meM zramaNa aura vaidika paramparAyeM,

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348 zramaNa saMskRti kA prAgaitihAsika astitva, zramaNa saMskRti ke matavAda, AtmavidyA, tatvavidyA, jaina dharma kA pracAra-prasAra, sAdhanA paddhati, yoga Adi atIva mahatvapUrNa aura gambhIra viSayoM para prAmANika sAmagrI upalabdha kI gaI hai| dvitIya khaMDa meM uttarAdhyayana satra se saMbaMdhita viSayoM para vistAra se carcA kI gaI hai| usameM vyAkaraNa vimarza, chando vimarza, cUrNikRta paribhASAyeM, kathAnaka saMkramaNa, bhaugolika va vyakti paricaya, tatkAlIna saMskRti aura sabhyatA Adi kI carcA hai| 7. dazavakAlika-eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana :-prastuta grantha meM dazavakAlika sUtra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| yaha pAMca adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai --prathama adhyAya meM dazavakAlika kA mahatva, upayogitA, racanAkAla, racanAkAra kA jIvana paricaya, racanA zailI, nyAkaraNa vimarza, chanda vimarza tathA bhASA dRSTi se cintana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM sAdhanA tathA sAdhanA ke aMga para vicAra huA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM mahAbrata aura caturtha adhyAya meM caryA aura bihAra, Iryopatha, vAkazaddhi, eSaNA, indriya aura manonigraha Adi viSayoM ko vistAra se vivecita kiyA gayA hai| pAMcaveM adhyAya meM AhAra caryA, nikSepa paddhati.nirukta, tatkAlIna sabhyatA aura saMskRti para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 8. dazavakAlika uttarAdhyayana (anuvAda):- ye donoM Agama jaina AcAra-gocara aura dArzanika vicAradhArA kA pratinidhitva karate hai| dazavakAlika meM ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha Adi dharma tatvoM kA, sAdhanoM kI bhikSAcaryAvidhi, bhASA viveka, vinaya tathA vyAvahArika zikSAoM kA vistata aura sUkSma vivecana hai| uttarAdhyayana meM vairAgyapUrNa kathA prasaMgoM dvArA dhArmika jIvana kA ati prabhAvazAlI citrAMkana tathA tAtvika vicAroM kA hyadayagrAhI saMgraha hai / pAgama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana--muni nagarAja :- zramaNa paramparA kI do mukhya dhArAyeM haiM --jaina aura bauddha / jaina paramparA kA netRtva bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kiyA aura bauddha paramparA kA netRtva mahAtmA buddha ne| donoM sama-sAmayika the| donoM kA karmakSetra laMgabhaga eka hI rhaa| donoM ahiMsA,saMyama aura karuNA ko lekara baDhe / ataHdonoM meM abhinnatA ke aMza adhika the, bhinnatA ke km| prastuta grantha meM donoM zrAmaNika paramparAoM ke katipaya viSayoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isake eka adhyAya meM mahAvIra aura baddha meM jyeSTha kauna? isa prazna ko vibhinna pramANoM se samAhita kiyA hai| mahAvIra aura baddha ke samakAlIna rAjA zreNika, bimbisAra, kaNika, caNDapradyota, prasenajita, ceTaka Adi para prAgamoM tathA tripiTakoM ke AdhAra para tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra aura jaina dharma viSaya ke jitane bhI samallekha tripiTaka sAhitya meM hai ve saba prastuta grantha ke eka adhyAya meM saMkalita kara die gae hai| zodhanakartAoM ke liye inakA bahuta mahatva hai| __10. mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA-muni nagarAja:-prastuta pustaka meM mahAvIra aura buddha kI kAla gaNanA para aitihAsika dRSTi se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| itihAsa ke vidvAnoM ne prastuta pustaka ko mAnyatA dI hai| jIvanI sAhitya :-- 1. bhagavAna mahAvIra-AcArya tulasI:- prastuta pustaka meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ko sarala subodha bhASA meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| bar3e bUDhe, strI, puruSa, sabhI ke liye supAcya hai| isameM na saiddhAntika jaTilatAyeM haiM aura na dArzanika gutthiyAM hii| saba kucha sarala bhASA meM

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349 samajhAyA gayA hai / isake anta meM mahAvIra vANI ke rUpa meM lagabhaga sau zlokoM kA saMgraha zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM paramparAtroM ke mAnya granthoM se kiyA gayA hai / 2. zramaNa mahAvIra - - muni nathamala :- isa kRti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana kA aisA citra hai jisameM zvetAmbara aura digambara paramparA kI bheda rekhAyeM avyakta rahI haiM aura unakA sAdhanAmaya jIvana kA virATa vyaktitva pakSa ubhara kara AyA hai / isa grantha kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ko daivIkaraNa se dUra rakhakara mAnava kI bhUmikA se dekhA gayA hai / dhyAna sAdhanA Adi kI pratikriyAoM se unakA vyaktitva kramazaH prArohaNa hotA huA aMta meM apane lakSya taka pahuMca gayA hai / yaha grantha kAlpanika nahIM hai lekina digambara aura zvetAmbara ke AdhAra grantha, sUtra aura Alekhana Adi 250 prAmANika srotoM ke adhyayana ke bAda likhA gayA hai| isakI prAmANikatA isase aura bar3ha jAtI hai ki sAre prayukta granthoM ke saMdarbha pariziSTa meM die gae haiN| mahAvIra kA jIvana itihAsa, mahAvIra kI AdhyAtmika sAdhanA aura mahAvIra kI khoja kA eka aisA susvAdu mizraNa isa grantha meM hai ki Apa ise par3hanA prArambha kareMge to par3hakara hI uTheMge aura anubhava kareMge ki pane mahAvIra kI hajAra-hajAra bhavya prastara mUrtiyoM ke antarAla ko jhAMka liyA hai aura mahAvIra Apake sAmane eka dama nikaTa khar3e haiM / 3. bhikSu vicAra darzana - muni nathamala :- prastuta kRti meM 7 adhyAya haiM / unameM prAcArya bhikSu ke siddhAntoM, mantavyoM, vicAroM evaM niSkarSoM kA gaharAI se pratipAdana huA hai| AcArya bhikSu krAntadraSTA the 1 prastuta kRti meM unake krAnti bIja tathA sAdhya - sAdhana zuddhi kI sUkSma mImAMsA kI gaI hai| rocaka zailI meM likhA gayA yaha grantha AcArya bhikSu ke jIvana aura darzana ko samagratA se prastuta karane ke sAtha-sAtha jaina darzana kI kaI ulajhI gutthiyoM ko sulajhAtA hai / AcArya bhikSu dhArmika saMgha ke netA hI nahIM, rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke saphala sraSTA bhI the| aneka rUpoM meM unakA vyaktitva ubharA hai| prastuta kRti meM unake do rUpa bahuta hI spaSTa aura prabhAvazAlI haiM: 1. vicAra aura cArita zuddhi ke pravartaka 2. saMgha vyavasthApaka kula milAkara prAcArya bhikSu ke vicAra binduoM kA eka samAkalana hai / 4. AcArya zrI tulasI - jIvana darzana --muni nathamala : - AcArya zrI tulasI ne bahuta kiyA, bahuta saMgharSa jhele, caritra vikAsa ke lie bahuta yatna kiyA, bahuta parivrajana kiyA, bahuta cintana kiyA aura bahuta kArya kiyA / ina sAre bahutvoM kA vistAra bhI bahuta ho sakatA hai| prastuta pustaka meM isa vistAra ko bhI zAbdika alpatva meM kuzalatA se saMjoyA gayA hai| isa pustaka kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki yaha jIvanI guNAtmaka na hokara samIkSAtmaka hai / isameM prAcArya zrI kI vyaktigata DAyarI ke aMza bhI yatra-tatra uddhRta haiM / 5. AcArya zrI tulasI jIvana para eka dRSTi-muni nathamala:- prastuta kRti prAcArya zrI tulasI ke 37 varSIya jIvana para prakAza DAlane vAlI prathama kRti hai / isameM AcArya zrI ke bahumukhI vyaktitva, kRtitva, vicAra aura jIvana prasaMgoM kA hRdayagrAhI vivecana hai / 6. AcAryazrI tulasI jIvana aura darzana - muni buddhamala:- prastuta kRti prAcArya zrI tulasI ke janma se lekara dhavala samAroha taka unakI bahumukhI pravRttiyAM tathA unake kartRtva aura vyaktitva para pUrNa prakAza DAlatI hai /

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350 7. baMda baMda bana gaI gaMgA--sAdhvI saMghamitrAH-prastuta kRti meM sAdhvI pramukhA lADAMjI ke jIvana-prasaMga, vyaktitva-darzana aura unakA kartatva bolatA hai| sAtha meM sAdhvI pramukhA ke prati sAdha-sAdhviyoM tathA zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI zraddhAnjalI bhI saMkalita hai| aNuvrata sAhityaH-- ___ 1. aNuvrata ke saMdarbha meM--prAcArya tulasI:-prastuta pustaka praznottarAtmaka haiN| isameM dharma, naitikatA, Arthika viSamatA, rASTra kI pravRtti, candraloka, zoSaNa vihIna samAja, sAdhu saMsthA Adi sama sAmayika aneka praznoM ko upasthita kiyA gayA hai aura unakA aNuvrata ke saMdarbha meM prAcAryazrI tulasI se samAdhAna liyA gayA hai| 2. naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa--muni nathamala:-prastuta kRti meM naitikatA ke mUlabhUta praznoM ko upasthita kara vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM naitikatA kI mAnyatAoM para aNuvrata ke mAdhyama se cintana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| isameM aNuvrata ko vaicArika dharAtala para upasthita kara vartamAna ke vAdoM meM aNuvrata kI upayogitA para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 3. prazna aura samAdhAna--muni sukhalAlaH-vizva saMgha aura aNuvrata, yuvaka samAja aura aNuvrata, aspRzyatA aura aNa vrata, aNavatoM kA racanAtmaka pakSa, rAjanIti aura aNuvrata Adi vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM upasthita hone vAle praznoM ko upasthita kara aNuvrata Andolana ke pravartaka prAcArya zrI tulasI se samAdhAna lie gae haiN| 4. aNuvrata darzana--muni nathamala:-Aja kA yuga naitika samasyA kA yuga hai| kucha vikAsamAna garIba dezoM meM artha viSayaka anaitikatA cala rahI hai| mAnavIya ghaNA ke rUpa meM samAja viSayaka anaitikatA vikasita aura avikasita donoM prakAra ke dezoM meM calatI hai| rAjanIti viSayaka anaitikatA kI bhI yahI sthiti hai| yaha bahurUpI anaitikatA mAnavIya daSTikoNa AdhyAtmika samAnatA kI anubhUti hone para hI miTa sakatI hai| prastuta pustaka meM ina donoM dRSTikoNoM se anaitikatA kI carcA kI gaI haiM / 5. aNuvrata vicAra darzana-muni buddhamala:-prastuta pustaka meM aNuvrata Andolana ke vicAra pakSa ke pariprekSya meM likhe gae 16 nibandhoM kA saMkalana hai / 6. aNuvrata jIvana darzana--muni nagarAjaH-prastuta pustaka meM aNuvrata Andolana ke pratyeka niyama meM antahita sUkSmatama bhAvanAoM kA vistAra pUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai| anta meM aNuvratiyoM ke jIvana saMsmaraNa bhI prastuta kie gae haiN| 7. aNuvrata dRSTi--muni nagarAja:-aNuvrata ke niyayoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM prastuta pustaka likhI gaI hai / ___8. aNu se pUrNa kI ora--muni nagarAjaH-prastuta pustaka roTarI klaboM Adi vibhinna sthaloM para die gae aNuvrata sambandhI bhASaNoM kA saMkalana hai| 9. aNuvrata vicAra:--muni nagarAjaH-dainika patroM meM prakAzita aNuvrata sambandhI bhASaNoM kA saMkalana hai| 10. aNuvrata krAnti ke baDhate caraNa-muni nagarAjaH-isameM aNuvrata ke udgama aura usake kramika vikAsa kA byaurA prastuta hai|

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351 11. aNuvrata Andolana aura vidyArthI varga--muni nagarAjaH-vidyArthiyoM meM cala rahI aNuvrata gatividhiyoM kA lekhA jokhA isameM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 12. preraNA dIpa--muni nagarAja:-aNuvatiyoM ke rocaka aura preraka saMsmaraNoM kA saMkalana 13. aNuvrata-AcArya tulasI:-prastuta pustaka meM aNuvratoM ke niyama-upaniyama tathA lakSya-sAdhanA aura zreNiyoM kI paricaryA kI gaI hai| sAtha meM vargIya aNuvratoM ke bhI niyama saMkalita haiN| eka prakAra se yaha pustaka naitika vikAsa kI AcAra saMhitA hai| upanyAsa kathA sAhityaH-- 1. niSpatti---muni nathamala:-yaha vicAra pradhAna laghu upanyAsa hai| hiMsA kI pratihiMsA kI pratikriyA hisA ko janma detI hai, hiMsA se kabhI hiMsA nahIM miTatI, isI tathya ke pariprekSya meM isa niSpatti kI niSpatti huI hai| 2. baMdhana TUTe-bhAga 1, 2, 3--anu muni dulaharAjaH-yaha kRti jana kathAnaka mahAsatI candanabAlA para AdhArita gujarAtI upanyAsa kA hindI anuvAda hai| kathA prasaMga meM aneka mor3a haiN| tatkAlIna rAjanaitika, sAmAjika tathA dhArmika sthitiyoM kA tathA tantra-mantra-vAdiyoM kI pravRttiyoM kA sundara samAveza isameM hai| 3. gAgara meM sAgara--muni nathamala:-prastuta kRti meM 47 laghu kathAeM hai| pratyeka kathA hRdaya ko sparza karatI huI Age bar3hatI hai aura dizA bodha meM usakI parisamApti hotI hai| zabda thoDe bhAva gahare kI ukti kA pratyakSa pramANa prastuta pustaka hai| 4. jaina jIvana--muni dhanarAja (sarasA) :-prastuta pustaka meM jaina jagata ke aise 24 kathAnaka va prasaMga haiM jo prAcIna paramparA se sambandhita haiM / 5. vijAsa-muni rAkeza kumAra:-isa pustaka meM bhArata tathA vizva ke 118 jIvanaprasaMga tathA lagha kahAniyAM hai / 6. prakAsa-muni rAkezakumAraH-prastuta pustaka meM kAlidAsa, svAmI vivekAnanda, prAcArya bahuzruti mahAtmA gAMdhI, tilaka, jArja vAziMgaTana, abrAhamaliMkana, AiMsTIna Adi aneka bhArata, grIka evaM parziyana cintakoM ke 112 jIvana prasaMga va saMvAda hai / 7. vizvAsa-muni mohana zArdUla:-prastuta pustaka meM 84 laghu kathAnaka saMgrahIta haiM jo naitikatA aura sadAcAra kA pATha par3hAte haiN| 8. aMgar3AI--muni mohana zArdUla:-prastuta pustaka aNuvrata bhAvanA ke prakAza meM likhI gaI 15 kAlpanika kahAniyoM kA saMgraha hai| 9. AdamI kI rAha-muni mohanalAla zArdUla:-prastuta pustaka meM 15 naI kahAniyAM hai| ina kAlpanika kahAniyoM meM manuSya ko apane mAnavatA ke patha para Ane ke liye preraNA dI gaI hai| 10.. bAla kahAniyAM bhAga 1, 2, 3---muni kanhaiyAlAlaH-prastuta tIna pustakoM meM baccoM ke lie zikSAprada kahAniyAM saMkalita hai| 11. Adarza pothI--muni chanamala:-prastuta pustaka meM a se lekara jJa taka ke varNoM para 50 kathAnaka hai| pratyeka varNa kA artha vahI kiyA gayA hai jo kathAnaka kA sAra hai| pratyeka varNa para hone vAlI kathA antyAkSarI ke lie upayogI hai|

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352 pAThyakrama sAhitya: 1. naitika pAThamAlA-mUni nathamala:-prastuta kRti skUloM meM naitika zikSA ke antargata 11 vIM kakSA ke lie likhI gaI pAThya pustaka hai| isameM naitikatA ke mUlabhUta tathyoM ko rocaka kathAnakoM, saMsmaraNoM tathA saMvAdoM se prastuta kiyA gayA hai, jisase vidyArthI unheM sahajatayA apanA sake / 2. naitika pAThamAlA-muni sukhalAla:-prastuta kRti skUloM meM naitika zikSA ke antargata 7 vIM kakSA ke lie likhI gaI pAThyapustaka hai| 3. nayA yuga nayA darzana-muni nagarAja:-prastuta pustaka aNuvrata vizArada dvitIya varSa ke pAThyakrama meM nirdhArita thii| isameM dharma, saMskRti, vijJAna, zikSA Adi jIvana ke mUlabhUta viSayoM ko vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM sajagatA se kholA gayA hai| 4. naitika vijJAna-muni nagarAja:-prastuta pustaka naitika prazikSaNa kI dRSTi se likhI gaI hai| isameM hradaya sparzI udAharaNoM ke dvArA naitikatA kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| aNuvrata parIkSA ke prathama varSa kI yaha pAThyapustaka hai| 5. dharmabodha bhAga-1, 2, 3-muni nathamala:-prastuta tInoM kRtiyAM jaina dharma ke pAThyakrama kI pAThya pustakeM haiN| inameM jaina dharma, darzana, saMskRti, sabhyatA paramparA, tatva vidyA Adi kA jJAna kramazaH karAne kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| inameM jaina kathAnaka, jaina sAhitya Adi ke bhI pATha haiN| dhArmika kriyAoM ke prati baccoM kA sahaja AkarSaNa ho, isako dhyAna meM rakhate hae manovaijJAnika DhaMga se tatvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 6. Atmabodha bhAga-1 va 2-muni kizanalAla, Atmabodha bhAga-3, 4-mani sudarzanaHprastuta cAra pustaka mahAsabhA dhArmika pAThyakrama meM pAThyapustaka ke rUpa meM nirdhArita thii| isameM vividha lekhakoM kI jaina darzana aura terApantha saMpradAya sambandhI sAmagrI saMkalita hai| pravacana sAhityaH-- 1. pravacana DAyarI bhAga-1-AcArya tulasI:-prastuta grantha prAcArya tulasI ke I. san 1953 ke pravacanoM kA saMgraha hai| pravacanoM meM vividha viSaya hai, una vividhatAoM kA lakSya eka hI hai jIvana nirmaann| jIvana nirmANa kI dizA meM die gae ye pravacana mAnava samAja ko eka nayA dizA saMketa dete haiN| 2. pravacana DAyarI bhAga-2-prAcArya tulasI:-isameM prAcArya tulasI I. san 1954 ke 163 aura I. san 1955 ke 158 pravacanoM kA saMgraha hai| pravacanoM ke nIce dinAMka aura sthAna kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 3. AcArya zrI tulasI ke amara saMdeza:-prastuta pustaka meM AcArya tulasI ke vibhinna avasaroM para die gae pravacanoM kA saMgraha hai| prastuta pustaka svatantratA, zAnti aura mAnavatA ke nava nirmANa meM eka mUlyavAna vicAra nidhi hai| 4. patha pAtheya-saM. muni zrIcandra:-prastuta kRti prAcArya tulasI ke pravacanoM ke vicAra binduoM kA saMkalana hai| gadya kAvya ke rUpa meM cune gae ye vicAra viSaya krama se haiM tathA inameM

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iss I mArmika bedyaDakatA hai / saMkSepa meM prAcAryazrI ke vicAroM kA pratinidhitva karane vAlI prathama pustaka hai / 5. zAMti ke patha para bhAga-1, 2 -- prAcArya tulasI:- prastuta donoM pustakoM meM zrAcArya zrI tulasI ke pravacanoM kA saMgraha hai / sAMskRtika sammelana, darzana kAnphrensa, yuvaka sammelana, vicAra pariSad, sAhitya pariSad, saMskRta sAhitya sammelana, mahAvIra jayantI, dIkSA samAroha, svatantratA divasa, paryuSaNa parva, ahiMsA divasa Adi vizeSa avasaroM para die gae pravacana tathA saMdeza saMkalita haiM / 6. tulasI vANI - muni dinakaraH - prastuta pustaka meM prAcArya zrI tulasI ke preraNAprada choTe-choTe pravacanoM kA saMkalana hai / kAvya sAhityaH- 1. bhAva aura anubhAva --muni nathamala : - prastuta kRti sUktiyoM aura nItiH pravacanoM kA bhaNDAra hai / bhASA kI sarasatA aura saumyatA ke kAraNa sUktiyoM meM nikhAra A gayA hai / prastuta kRti meM anubhUtiyoM kA tIkhApana hai aura vyApaka darzana hai / 2. anubhava cintana manana -- --muni nathamala :- prastuta kRti meM dArzanika cintanazIlatA aura anubhUtiyoM kI prakharatA mukharita huI hai / 3. AkhoM ne kahA --muni buddhamala:- prastuta kRti meM paristhitiyoM kA Ubar3a-khAbaDa tathA ajJAta pagaDaNDI para baDhane vAle mAnava saMkalpa ko vibhinna pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA gayA hai / 4. patha aura pathika - sAdhvI rAjImatIH - isa laghu kRti meM nirAza vyakti ko usake kartabya-bodha ke prati jAgaruka kiyA gayA hai / pathika saMbodhana se likhe gae ya gadya prakRti kI mUka bhASA meM preraNA ke svara nikAlate haiN| 5. rekhAcitra -- muni zrIcandra: - 51 gadyAtmaka prastuta kRti meM prAcArya zrI tulasI ke jIvana kA aisA zabda citra khIMcA gayA hai jisakI pratyeka rekhA jIvana kI vizeSa ghaTanA yA vicAroM kA pratinidhitva karatI hai / 6. prakRti ke caurAhe para - sAdhvI maMjulA:- prastuta kRti meM saMvedanazIla mAnasa kA zabda-maya pratibimba hai| prakRti kI vicitratA meM 88 jijJAsAnoM ko upasthita karake unakA samAdhAna bhI praznoM ke mAdhyama se diyA gayA hai / 7. vartamAna bhArata kA nakzA: 8. mauna vANI --muni candana (sarasA ) : - prastuta kRti meM sarala va sIdhI bhASA meM vyAvahArika tathyoM se preraNA kA svara mukharita kiyA gayA hai / 9. antardhvanI --- muni candana (sarasA ) :- isa laghu kRti meM anubhUtiyoM aura kalpanAoM kA saMgama huA hai /

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354 10. rAjahaMsa ke paMkhoM para---muni candanaH-prastuta kRti meM vividha rUpakoM dvArA dhArmika, rAjanaitika evaM sAMskRtika vidhA para pratIkAtmaka gadya likhe hue haiN| 11. prakRti aura preraNA--muni kanhaiyAlAla:-prastuta kRti meM prakRti ke mAdhyama se aneka preraNAeM dI gaI haiN| kucha gadya upadezAtmaka bhI haiN| 12. vijaya yAtrA--muni nathamala:-AtmA kI sAkSAt anubhUti hI vijaya hai| tapa, saMyama, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, japa, kAyotsarga Adi yogoM meM jAgarukatA yAtrA hai| prastuta kRti meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vijaya yAtrA ko kAvya meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 13. vicAra vikAsa--muni dhanarAja (lADanaM):-prastuta kRti meM 71 viSayoM para laghu nibandhAtmaka gadya haiN| isameM sAmAnya jIvana-vyavahAra meM upayogI viSayoM para apane anubhavoM tathA vicAroM ko zabdoM kA AkAra diyA gayA hai| 14. nAsti kA astitva-muni nathamala:-prastuta kRti meM jaina darzana ke pariprekSya meM AtmA kA astitva jaise gambhIra viSaya ko kAvya kA paridhAna dekara sarasa va sugama banAyA gayA hai| darzana ke kSetra meM yaha nayA upakrama hai| 15. uTho jAgo---muni buddhamala:-prastuta pustaka saMskRta ke gadhoM kA hindI anuvAda hai| isameM 54 gadya yuvaka ko saMbodhita kara likhe gae haiM ,ye gadya nirAza yuvaka ke mAnasa ko jhakajhora kara usameM kartavya bodha ko jAgata karate haiN| vividha sAhitya: - 1. sAsa aura bahu-muni zrIcandraH-prastuta pustaka pArivArika jIvana ke pariprekSya meM parivAra ke sadasyoM-sAsa, baha, pati-patnI, naukara Adi ke sambandhoM para pUrNa prakAza DAlatI hai / sarala bhASA meM satya ghaTanAoM para AdhArita yaha pustaka hara parivAra ke lie upayogI hai| 2. smRti vijJAna-muni zrIcandra:-prastuta pustaka meM smaraNa zakti ke vikAsa ke sAdhanoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai aura prayoga bhI prastuta kie gae haiN| 3. visarjana--muni nathamala:-prastuta pustaka meM vartamAna ke saMdarbha meM visarjana ke vibhinna pahaluoM para samagratA se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ___4. bAla dIkSA eka vivecana--muni nagarAjaH-prastuta pustaka meM jaina dIkSA para sarvAMgINa vivecana aura bAla dIkSA kI upAdeyatA para bauddhika tathA tAkika rUpa se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke tathA rUpa anekoM udAharaNoM se pUrNa hai| 5. maryAdA mahotsava itihAsa aura paricaya-muni nagarAjaH-maryAdA zatAbdi samAroha ke avasara para prastuta pustaka likhI gaI hai| isameM terApantha ke maryAdA mahotsava kA Adi se anta taka kA varNana prAmANikatA se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 6. jayAcArya kI kRtiyAM--muni madhukaraH-prastuta pustaka meM mahAmanISI jayAcArya ke sampUrNa sAhitya (hastalikhita pustakoM) kA vistRta paricaya diyA gayA hai|

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855 laghu pustikA ( TrekTa) sAhitya: 1. vijaya ke Aloka meM --muni nathamala : - prastuta kRti bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vAGamaya para AdhArita cintana pradhAna lekha haiM / 2. zramaNa saMskRti kI do dhArAeM jaina aura bauddha-muni nathamalaH - zramaNa saMskRti para eka nibandhAtmaka laghu kRti hai / 3. vizva sthiti --muni nathamala:- vizva sthiti ke pariprekSya meM likhe gae 11 laghu nibandhAtmaka prastuta kRti hai / 4. zAnti ra samanvaya kA patha - nayavAdaH -- isameM nayavAda ke dArzanika pahaluoM ke sAtha Aja kI rAjanaitika gutthiyoM kA tulanAtmaka vivecana dete hue zAnti aura samanvaya kA eka vyAvahArika hala prastuta kiyA gayA hai / 5. bhAratIya bhASAoM ko jaina sAhityakAroM kI dena --muni buddhamalaH - prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI, rAjasthAnI, kannaDa, tamila Adi bhASAoM meM yoga, darzana, tatva - nirUpaNa, itihAsa, purANa, nIti, rAjanIti, arthazAstra, vyAkaraNa, koSa, chanda, gralaMkAra, bhUgola, gaNita, jyotiSa, prAyurveda, mantra tantra, saMgIta, ratna parIkSA prAdi viSayoM para jo sAhitya likhA gayA hai usakA saMkSepa meM byorA diyA gayA hai / 6. terApantha kI vicAradhArA aura vartamAna loka cintana-muni buddhamala:- isameM terApantha kI vicAradhArA ko vartamAna ke cintakoM vicArakoM ke pariprekSya meM dekhA gayA hai| 7. terApantha zAsana praNAlI --ma --muni nagarAja:-ta :- terApantha kI zAsana vyavasthA ko vartamAna samAjavAdI Adi zAsana praNAliyoM ke sAtha tolA gayA hai / 8. yuga pravartaka bhagavAna mahAvIra - - muni nagarAja:- bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana para aura unake ahiMsA anekAnta ke siddhAntoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / 9. sarvadharma sadabhAva --- --muni nagarAjaH - saba dharmoM meM navInatA hote hue bhI hama ekatA kaise khoja sakate haiM / yaha isa TrekTa kA viSaya hai / 10. aNuvrata Andolana - - muni nagarAjaH praNuvratoM ke prAdarzoM ko saMkSepa meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai / 11. prAcArya zrI tulasI eka adhyayana --muni nagarAjaH - prAcAryazrI ke vyaktitva aura kRtitva para eka paricaya pustikA hai / 12. terApantha digdarzana - muni nagarAjaH - terApantha kI saMkSipta paricayAtmaka pustikA hai / 13. mAnavatA kA mArga aNuvrata Andolana-muni buddhamalaH - mAnavatA kI bhUmikA para aNuvrata Andolana ko prastuta kiyA gayA hai /

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156 14. jaina dharma eka paricaya--muni dulaharAjaH-jaina dharma kI prArambhika jAnakArI ke lie yaha upayogI pustikA hai| 15. eka Adarza AtmA--muni dhanarAja (sarasA):-muni zrI kevalacanda jI svAmI kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya hai| 16. aNuvrata Andolana eka paricaya--muni rUpacandraH-usa samaya taka aNuvrata Andolana kI gati vidhi tathA pramukha pravRttiyoM kA dizA bodha isameM hai| 17. AcAryazrI tulasI eka paricaya--muni rUpacandraH-prAcArya zrI tulasI ke jIvana kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta pustikA meM hai| ___18. terApantha eka paricaya-muni rUpacandraH-terApantha kI Aja taka kI pragati kA prati saMkSepa meM digdarzana kiyA gayA hai / __19. terApantha-muni buddhamala:--terApantha kA saMkSipta paricaya isameM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| 20. hindI jana-jana kI bhASA--muni nathamala:-hindI bhASA ko rASTrabhASA kA gaurava pradAna karane ke lie kaI tarka isameM prastuta kie gae haiN| dharma rahasya, darzana prakAza, vartamAna bhArata kA nakzA, Adi bIsa-tIsa pustakeM vartamAna kI sthiti meM upalabdha na hone ke kAraNa inase maiM ApakA paricaya nahIM karA sktaa|

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hindI jaina gadya sAhitya-8. --paM. anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha rAjasthAna prAcIna kAla se hI sAhitya va saMskRti kA kendra rahA hai| yahAM kI bhUmi meM jisa prakAra aneka raNa-bAMkuroM ne janma lekara isake kaNa-kaNa ko pavitra kiyA hai usI prakAra aneka sAhityakAroM va kalAkAroM ne sAhitya kI sarjanA kara tathA kalA dvArA isakA sammAna bar3hAyA hai| aneka zAstra bhaNDAra aura vizAla kalApUrNa mandira isake jvalanta pramANa haiN| sAhitya samAja kA darpaNa hai| samAja kI unnati, avanati, adhopatana, vinAza va pUnarutthAna Adi sabhI usake sAhitya meM sammilita haiN| yadi kisI samAja kA sAhitya sampanna, ucca koTi kA va lokopakArI bhAvanAoM se prota-prota hai, AtmA ke uddhAra meM sahayoga dene vAlA hai, usI samAja kI sthiti akSaNNa banI rahatI hai anyathA banatI va bigar3atI rahatI hai aura kabhIkabhI to samUla naSTa ho jAtI hai| jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai ki rAjasthAna meM aneka zAstra bhaNDAra haiM jinameM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI va hindI Adi aneka bhASAoM meM lipibaddha prAgama-siddhAnta, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa, Ayarveda, itihAsa, caritra pUrANa, kAvya, kathA, rasa, piMgala koza Adi aneka viSayoM ke grantha upalabdha haiN| ina bhaNDAroM ke sucIpatra bhI chape haiN| vaise sabhI bhASAoM kA sAhitya padya va gadya meM milatA hai kintu padya meM pracara mAtrA meM upalabdha hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki geya hone ke kAraNa svAMtaHsUkhAya aura manoraMjaka hone ke kAraNa sAhityakAroM kI ruci padya-racanA kI ora adhika rahI hai| rAjasthAna meM Aja bhI bar3e-bar3e AkhyAna gIta rUpa meM gA kara sunAe jAte haiN| vaktA aura zrotA ko jitanA aAnanda geya padyoM meM AtA haiM aura kisI meM bhI nhiiN| padyoM kI gadyAtmakatA se manaSya hI nahIM paza-pakSI bhI jhama uThate haiM aura Ananda-vibhora ho jAte haiN| gadya kA vikAsa bahata pIche kA hai| DA. rAma candra zukla ke anusAra to hindI sAhitya ke sarvaprathama gadyakAra lalla lAla tathA saMdala mizra mAne jAte haiM kintu yaha dhAraNA aba galata siddha ho cukI hai kyoMki hindI gadya sAhitya kA vikAsa 18vIM zatAbdI se pUrva ho cukA thA / paM. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla, mahApaNDita ToDaramala, paM. jayacanda chAbar3A Adi digambara jaina gadya sAhityakAra hue haiM kintu inakI racanAeM adhikatara rAjasthAnI, DhaDhArI tathA braja mizrita hai| kahIM-kahIM gujarAtI va paMjAbI kA bhI puTa hai| yadyapi DA. rAmacandra zukla ne hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM paM. daulatarAma ke gadya ko khar3I bolI kA gadya svIkArA hai (patra 411), kintu inakI bhASA DhaMDhArI tathA braja hone ke kAraNa pUrI taraha se khar3I bolI kI gaNanA meM nahIM paatii| khar3I bolI kA gadya sAhitya gata 100 varSoM se hI milatA hai| khar3I bolI kA tAtparya janasAdhAraNa kI sIdhI sAdI bolI hai| isa bhASA meM racanA karane vAle rAjasthAna ke digambara jaina sAhityakAroM meM se kucha pramukha sAhityakAroM kA paricaya isa prakAra hai| 1. paM. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha:--paMDitajI prAkRta, saMskRta ke samAna hindI bhASA ke bhI pramukha vidvAna the| prArambha se hI inheM likhane meM ruci thI tathA Apake lekha vizvAmitra, kalyANa, anekAnta, sAptAhika hindustAna Adi patroM meM prakAzita hote rahate the| Apa varSoM taka vibhinna patroM ke sampAdaka rhe| vIravANI kI sampAdakIya TippaNiyAMpakI vidva sUjhabUjha ke atirikta Apako hindI gadya ke pramukha lekhakoM meM prastuta karane vAlI hai| Apa kabhI

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358 kabhI kahAniyAM bhI likhate the / paMDitajI ke gadya kA eka namUnA isa prakAra hai: __ "kSamA hameM viveka detI hai aura pratyeka viSaya para gaharAI se vicAra karane kA avakAza pradAna karatI hai| kSamA ko ThIka samajhane ke lie hameM usake do bheda karane hoNge| eka sAdhu kI tathA dUsarI gahastha kii| sAdhu kI kSamA pratikAra rahita hotI hai jaba ki gahastha kI kSamA AtatAiyoM kA pratikAra karatI hai| kSamA manuSya ko akarmaNyatA kA pATha nahIM par3hAtI, vaha to manaSya ko kAma karanA sikhAtI hai aura prAdhyAtmika yogI ko Atma-samarpaNa kI zikSA dekara mukti kI rAha batalAtI hai|" paMDitajI isa zatAbdi ke acche hindI gadya lekhaka mAne jAte haiM / 2. zrI zrIprakAza zAstrI:--ApakA janma saM. 1972 meM jayapura meM huaa| Apake pitA zrI bAlacanda jI sonI the| Apane sana 1934 meM nyAyatIrtha. 1935 meM zAstrI va 1936 meM kAvyatIrtha kI parIkSA pAsa kii| san 1933 se hI Apake lekha jaina patra-patrikAoM meM chapane laga gae the| pApa darzana va prAdhyAtmaka paraka lekha likhane meM vizeSa ruci lete the| paMDitajI prAcIna sAhitya ke prasiddha vidvAna the aura hindI jaina sAhitya para Apake kitane hI lekha vIravANI meM prakAzita hote rahate the| aApane paM. cainasukhadAsa jI ke saMskRta grantha 'nikSepacakra' kA hindI anuvAda kiyA thaa| vIravANI meM Apane 'jayapura rAjya ke digambara jaina sAhityakAra lekha mAlA ke mAdhyama se sAre sAhityakAroM kA pUrNa paricaya prastuta kiyA / Apane sUryasAgara granthamAlA dvArA prakAzita tathA prAcArya sUryasAgara jI dvArA likhita 'saMyama prakAza' grantha kA saMpAdana kiyA thaa| Apa mahAna sAhityasevI the| ApakA asamaya meM nidhana hone se sAhitya jagata ko gaharI kSati pahuMcI hai / 3. paNDita indralAla zAstrI:--ApakA janma 21-9-1897 ko jayapura meM huaa| Apa muMzI mAlIlAla jI cAMdavAr3a ke putra the / Apane saM. 1972 meM zAstrI kI parIkSA uttIrNa kii| prApakA adhyayana gahana evaM vidvattA agAdha thii| hindI padya ke samAna hindI gadya ke bhI zAstrI jI acche lekhaka the| khaNDelavAla jaina hiteccha, ahiMsA jaise patroM ke sampAdaka raha kara hindI gadya sAhitya kI acchI sevA kI thii| aApakI nimna racanAyeM isa prakAra haiM:--dharma sopAna, tatvAloka, Atma vaibhava, pazubadha sabase bar3A dezadroha, zAMti pIyUSadhArA, ahiMsA tatva, viveka maMjUSA, digambara jaina sAdhu ko caryA, jaina dharma aura jAti bheda, mahAvIra dezanA, bhAratIya saMskRti kA mahArUpa Adi / Apa apane samaya ke acche vaktA, lekhaka, kavi tathA aneka patroM ke sampAdaka rahe haiN| 4. paM. milApacanda zAstrIH--ApakA janma jayapura rAjya ke pratApapurA grAma meM vi. sa. 1971 meM huaA thA kintu kucha samaya bAda Apa jayapura meM zrI maganalAla jI pahAr3iyA ke yahAM goda pA ge| yahAM pAne ke pazcAta Apane zAstrI va nyAyatIrtha kI parIkSAeM uttIrNa kii| ApakI pravacana zailI aura lekhana zailI donoM hI maMjI haI hai| Apane 'pAvana-pravAha' evaM 'jaina darzanasAra' para sUndara hindI gadya TIkAeM likhI hai| samaya-samaya para Apake lekha vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM chapate rahate haiN| 5. DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla :---DA. kAsalIvAla kA janma dinAMka 8 agasta, 1920 ko jayapara jilAntargata saithala grAma meM hmaa| aApake pitAjI zrI gaidIlAlajI grAma ke pratiSThita vyaktiyoM meM se the| grAma meM prArambhika zikSA prApta karane ke bAda Apa apane choTe bhAI ke sAtha jayapura meM paM. cainasukhadAsa jI nyAyatIrtha ke saMrakSaNa meM pAe aura yahIM ema. e. tathA

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359 zAstrI kI parIkSA pAsa kii| Apa paMDitajI ke pramukha ziSyoM meM haiN| san 1961 meM rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya ne 'pApako rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha bhaNDAroM para zodhakArya karane para pI. eca. DI. ko upAdhi se sammAnita kiyaa| gata 25 varSoM se DA. kAsalIvAla prAcIna sAhitya kI khoja evaM prakAzana meM lage hue haiN| aba taka ApakI 20 se bhI adhika pustakeM prakAzita ho cukI haiM jinameM rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI pAMca bhAga, prazasti saMgraha, pradyumna carita, jiNadatta carita, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa, hindI pada saMgraha, mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla vyaktitva aura kRtitva, zAkambharI pradeza ke sAMskRtika vikAsa meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna aura vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka prAcArya Adi haiN| rAjasthAna ke jaina santa vidvata pariSada tathA mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla vyaktitva aura kRtitva sAhitya pariSad dvArA puraskRta ho ca kI hai| rAjasthAna meM jaina sAhitya ko prakAza meM lAne kA pramukha zreya Apako hI hai| Apake 350 se bhI adhika khojapUrNa lekha deza kI vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| ApakI bhASA va zailI donoM hI sarala kintu bhAvapUrNa haiN| ApakI bhASA zailI kA namUnA isa prakAra hai:-- "rAjasthAna ke madhya meM sthita hone tathA prAkRtika sAdhanoM se rakSita hone ke kAraNa ajamera apane janma se hI deza ke sarvocca zAsakoM ke AkarSaNa kA kendra rahA hai| yaha nagara pRthvIpura, ajayameru, ajayadurga, ajayagar3ha, ajayanagara, ajIrNagar3ha jaise vibhinna nAmoM se prasiddha rahA hai| sarva prathama yaha pradeza zAkambharI pradeza ke adhIna rahA hai lekina kucha hI samaya pazcAt ise isakI rAjadhAnI banane kA saubhAgya prApta huA / " (zAkambharI pradeza pRSTha 15) - apanI vidvatA evaM mahatI sAhitya sevA ke kAraNa Apa aba taka kitanI hI sAmAjika va sAhityika saMsthAnoM se sammAnita ho cuke haiN| DA. kAsalIvAla ko rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM se kitanI hI racanAoM ko prakAza meM lAne kA zreya hai| sAhityAnveSaNa unake jIvana kA svabhAva bana gayA hai| inakI lekhana zailI meM mAdhurya hai tathA apanI bAta ko atyadhika svAbhAvikatA meM rakhate haiM / 6. paNDita gulAbacanda jaina darzanAcArya :--paM. gulAbacanda kA janma jayapura jile ke gonera grAma meM dinAMka 9-11-21 ko huaa| Apake pitA kA nAma bhUrAmala jI chAbar3A hai| paMDita jI jaina darzana ke acche vidvAn haiN| san 1969 se Apa digambara jaina saMskRta kAleja, jayapura ke prAcArya haiN| paMDita jI hindI gadya ke acche lekhaka haiN| aba taka Apake ekAMkI, nemirAjula saMvAda Adi prakAzita ho cuke haiM / 7. paM. bhaMvaralAla nyAyatIrtha :--ApakA janma jayapura meM saMvat 1972 meM huA thaa| Apake pitA zrI geMdIlAla jI bhAMvasA jayapura ke prasiddha saMgItajJoM meM se the| pApa jayapUra nagara ke prasiddha vidvAn, patrakAra , lekhaka evaM kuzala vaktA mAne jAte haiN| gata 30 varSoM se prApa vIravANI kA sampAdana kara raheM haiM tathA isake pUrva jaina bandhu tathA jaina hitecchu ke sampAdaka raha cuke haiN| jayapUra ke jaina dIvAnoM para lekhamAlA ke rUpa meM Apake dvArA likhita khoja pUrNa sAmagrI zita ho ca kI hai| saMyama-prakAza evaM banArasI-vilAsa granthoM kA aApane sampAdana kiyA hai| ApakI gadya zailI sundara hai| paMDita jI sAhityasevI ke sAtha hI samAja sevI bhI haiM tathA vIra nirvANa bhAratI meraTha dvArA Apa samAjaratna kI upAdhi se sammAnita ho cuke haiM /

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360 8. pro. pravINacanda jaina :--pro. pravINacanda jI jaina kA janma sana 1909 jayapura meM zrI lakSmaNalAla jI pATanI ke yahAM hupraa| ApakI prArambha se hI adhyayana kI ora vizeSa ruci rhii| Apane ema. e. hindI va saMskRta, zAstrI va sAhityaratna kI parIkSA uttIrNa kii| zikSA jagata meM ApakA vizeSa yogadAna rahA tathA bharatapura, DUMgarapura, bIkAnera, vanasthalI mahAvidyAlayoM ke varSoM taka prAcArya rahe / Aja kala Apa uccastarIya anusaMdhAna kendra, jayapura ke saMcAlaka haiM tathA paurANika sAhitya para vizeSa anusandhAna meM lage hue haiM / ___9. DA. hukumacanda bhArilla :--Apa haMsarAja bhArilla ke putra haiN| Apa zAstrI, nyAyatIrtha, sAhitya ratna tathA ema. e., pI. eca. DI. haiN| Apa hindI ke acche vidvAn haiN| grApa ucca koTi ke nibandhakAra tathA prAdhyAtmika vaktA haiN| gata 10 varSoM se Apa jayapUra meM paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa ke saMyakta maMtrI haiN| ApakI kitanI hI racanAyeM prakAzita ho cukI haiM-bAlabodha pAThamAlA bhAga 1 se 3, vItarAga vijJAna pAThamAlA bhAga 1 se 3, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra, bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha tathA paMDita ToDaramala vyaktitva aura kRtitva aadi| ApakI bhASA sarasa va prAMjala hai| ApakI bhASA kA namUnA isa prakAra hai:-- "bhole bhaktoM ne apanI kalpanA ke anusAra tIrthaMkara bhagavantoM meM bhI bhedabhAva kara DAlA hai| unake anusAra pArzvanAtha rakSA karate haiM to zAntinAtha zAnti / isI prakAra zItalanAtha zItalA (cecaka) ko ThIka karane vAle haiM aura siddha bhagavAna ko kuSTha roga nivAraNa karane vAlA kahA jAtA hai| bhagavAna to sabhI vItarAgI, sarvajJa, eka sI zakti, anantavIrya ke dhanI haiN| unake kAryoM meM yaha bheda kaise sambhava hai ? eka to bhagavAna kucha karate hI nahIM hai, yadi kareM to kyA zAntinAtha pArzvanAtha ke samAna rakSA nahIM kara sakate ? aisA koI bheda to arahanta siddha bhagavantoM meM hai nhiiN|" (sarvodaya tIrtha pRSTha 115) 10. DA. kamalacanda saugAnI :--DA. saugAnI kA janma 25 agasta 1928 ko jayapura meM hmaa| Apa udayapura vizvavidyAlaya meM darzana vibhAga ke prophesara evaM apane viSaya ke adhikArI vidvAna haiN| Apa 'ethikila DAkTrinsa ina jainijma' zodha prabandha para rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya se pI-eca. DI. kI upAdhi se sammAnita ho cuke haiN| mani zrI mizrIlAla jI mahArAja tathA paM. cainasukhadAsa jI nyAyatIrtha dvArA saMkalita 'arhat pravacana' tathA 'pravacana prakAza' ke hindI rUpAntara meM ApakA bahuta bar3A hAtha rahA hai / 11. paM. mUlacanda zAstrI :--zrI zAstrI jI varSoM se zrI mahAvIra jI (rAja.) meM raha kara mAM sarasvatI kI sevA kara rahe haiN| Apa hindI va saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn haiN| Apane jaina darzana ke ucca grantha prApta-mImAMsA tathA yuktyanuzAsana kA vistRta anuvAda kiyA hai| svatantra grantha "jaina darzana kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana" abhI aprakAzita hai| Apane mahAkavi kAlidAsa ke meghadUta ke antima caraNa kI samasyA pUrti karate hue rAjala kI viraha vedanA ko vyakta karane vAle 'vacana-dratama' saMskRta kAvya kI racanA kI hai| sAtha hI usakA padyAnuvAda tathA

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361 gadyAnavAda bhI Apane hI kiyA hai| ApakI bhASA bahuta hI sampanna tathA prAMjala hai| paMDitajI ke dArzanika vicAroM kA digdarzana karAne vAlA gadya kA eka namUnA isa prakAra hai:-- zAmA meM alpajJatA evaM sadoSatA jJAnAvaraNAdika paudgalika karmoM ke sambandha se AtI hai| jaba unakA apane virodhI kAraNoM ke utkarSa se abhAva- sarvathA kSaya hotA hai taba prAtmA nirdoSa hokara sarvajJa ho jAtA hai|" 12 paM. milApacanda ratanalAla kaTAriyA :--Apa kekar3I ke rahane vAle digambara jaina kaTAriyA gotrIya zrAvaka haiN| kekar3I jaina vidvAnoM kA kendra rahA hai aura Apane so cAra cAMda hI lagAe haiN| jaina sAhitya seviyoM meM ina pitA-putra ke jaise kama hI dekhane ko mileNge| donoM hI saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA hindI ke acche vidvAna, siddhAnta, purANa. kathA-caritra, vyAkaraNa, darzana, pUjA vidhAna Adi sabhI viSayoM ke jJAtA, saphala samAlocaka evaM adhikArI lekhaka haiN| Apa donoM ke acche lekhe aneka patra-patrikAoM meM nikalate haiN| Apake aneka zodhapUrNa nibandhoM kA saMkalana "jana nibandha ratnAvalI" meM nikala cakA hai| ise vIra zAsana saMgha, kalakattA ne apraila, 1966 meM prakAzita karAyA hai| 13. zrI bhaMvaralAla polyAkA :--polyAkA jI kA janma jayapura meM sana 1918 meM zrI pArasamalajI polyAkA ke yahAM haa| ApakI zikSA jaina saMskRta kAleja meM huI jahAM se Apane jaina darzanAcArya tathA sAhitya zAstrI kI parIkSAeM uttIrNa kii| Apa kuzala vaktA, lekhaka aura samAlocaka haiN| jayapara se prakAzita hone vAlI "mahAvIra jayantI smArikA" ke Apa kaI varSoM se pradhAna sampAdaka ApakI bhASA lAlitya va prasAdaguNa yukta hotI hai| tamila bhASA kA jaina sAhitya" pustaka jo Apake dvArA likhita hai, prakAzita ho cukI hai / 14. paM. vaMzIdhara zAstrI :--ApakA janma aAja se karIba 40 varSa pUrva caum meM haa| ApakA adhyayana paMDita cainasukhadAsajI ke sAnidhya meM huaa| zAstrI parIkSA uttIrNa karane ke bAda Apane ema. e. tathA sAhityaratna kI parIkSA uttIrNa kii| Apake khojapUrNa lekha vibhinna patra-patrikAoM meM chapate rahate haiN| Apa adhikatara samAlocanAtmaka lekha likhate haiN| Apa Ajakala bAraha bhAvanA tathA bAraha mAsA sAhitya para kArya kara rahe haiN| 15. paM. zrI hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI :--paM. hIrAlAla siddhAntazAstrI madhyapradeza ke nivAsI haiM lekina gata 15-20 varSoM se ve rAjasthAna meM rahate hae jaina sAhitya kI apUrva sevA kara rahe haiN| sarva prathama 'jayadhavalA' kI hindI TIkA meM unhoMne pramukha yoga diyaa| 16. zrI nAthUlAla jainaH--zrI nAthUlAla jaina koTA nivAsI haiM tathA hindI ke acche lekhaka evaM kavi haiN| Apa bhASA Ayoga ke sadasya bhI raha cuke haiN| ukta jaina hindI vidvAnoM evaM lekhakoM ke atirikta DA. lAlacanda jaina banasthalI. DA. gaMgArAma garga bharatapUra, mahAvIra koTiyA jayapura, zrImatI suzIlA devI bAkalIvAla, zrImatI sudarzana chAbar3A jayapUra, zrImatI suzIlA kAsalIvAla, paM. satyandharakumAra seThI, zrImatI

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362 snehalatA jaina, suzrI suzIlA vaida, premacanda rAMvakA, bhaMvaralAla seThI, mANikyacandra jaina Adi ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| inameM se zrI DA. lAlacanda jaina nATayakAra haiM aura aba taka Apake do tIna lagha nATaka prakAzita ho cuke haiN| DA. gaMgArAma garga DhaDhArI bhASA ke kaviyoM para lekha prakAzita karate rahate haiN| zrImatI suzIlA devI bAkalIvAla udIyamAna lekhikA hai aura Apa samAlocanAtmaka lekha likhane meM vizeSa ruci letI haiN| zrImatI sudarzana chAbaDA jaina tatvajJAna para lekha likhatI rahatI haiN| zrI premacanda rAMvakA bhI yavA lekhaka haiM aura brahma. jinadAsa para khoja kArya kara rahe haiN| jaina sAhitya para kArya karane vAle vidvAnoM meM pramukha rUpa se sAhitya, darzana evaM siddhAnta para likhane vAle lekhakoM kI sabase adhika saMkhyA hai| prAcIna jaina sAhitya ko prakAza meM lAne kA sarvAdhika zreya DA. kasturacanda kAsalIvAla ko hai jinhoMne saiMkar3oM saMskRta, apabhraMza evaM rAjasthAna ke kaviyoM para apanI kRtiyAM evaM lekhoM meM prakAza DAlA hai tathA jo madA lekhakoM evaM vidvAnoM ko Age bar3hAne meM satata prayatnazIla rahate haiM /

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jaina kathA sAhitya kI pravRttiyAM - 9 dharma aura kathAeM : kathAeM jana-mAnasa ke lie sadA hI priya aura prahlAdakArI rahI haiM / dharma-pravartakoM, dharmAcAryoM tathA pracArakoM ne mAnava-mana ke isa mUlabhUta manovijJAna ko bar3I sAvadhAnI se pahacAnA aura dhArmika bhAvanA ke pracAra meM isakA bharapUra upayoga kiyA / yahI kAraNa hai ki saMsAra ke dhArmika sAhitya kA adhikAMza kathA-kahAniyoM meM hai / kathAoM ke dvArA dhArmika siddhAntoM ko jana-mana ke lie sugamatApUrvaka grAhya banAyA jA sakA / isa taraha dharma lokapriya bana sakA, paraloka sudhAra ke sAtha-sAtha lokaraMjana kA bhI sAdhana bana sakA / bar3I hI rocaka aura preraNAspada kathA-kahAniyoM kA akSaya bhaNDAra vividha dharmoM meM upalabdha hai / jaina kathA sAhitya : sAhitya kA utsa dharma rahA hai / dhArmika kathAyeM sAhitya kA mUlAdhAra rahI haiM / tadanusAra jaina sAhitya bhI mUlataH dhAmikatA paraka hai / granekAneka kathAoM, upakathAoM, prasaMgoM Adi ke dvArA jaina dArzanika siddhAntoM, jaina AcAra tathA vicAra ko lokamAnasa ke lie sulabha karAyA gayA tAki jana-sana adhikAdhika dharma ke prati AkRSTa ho sake / yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina paramparA kA kathAtmaka sAhitya vizAla parimANa meM upalabdha hai / -zrI mahAvIra koTayA isa samagra jaina sAhitya ko cAra anuyogoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai -- ( 1 ) caraNakaraNAnuyoga, ( 2 ) dharmakathAnuyoga, ( 3 ) dravyAnuyAga evaM ( 4 ) gaNitAnuyoga | vibhAjana meM dharmakathAnuyoga kA eka svatantra varga rakhA jAna, jaina sAhitya meM kathAoM ke mAhAtmya kA pramANa hai / vastutaH kathAoM ke mAdhyama se upadeza, jJAna pratibodha dene kI jaina paramparA kI prAcInatama zailI hai| prApta grAgama granthoM, jinameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA saMkalana hai, meM hI hajAroM kathAeM tathA prasaMga saMkalita haiM / jJAtAdharma kathA, upAsakadazA, antakRddazA, granuttaropapAtikadazA, vipAkazruta, nirayAvalikA, kappavaDaMsiyA, puphiyA, puSpacalikA, vahnidazA, yadi Agama grantha isa dRSTi se ullekhanIya haiM / prAcIna jaina sAhityakAroM meM AcArya bhadrabAhu, jinadAsa gaNi va saMghadAsa gaNi, vimalasUri, abhayadeva, zIlAMka. AcArya jinasena, AcArya guNabhadra, prAcArya haribhadra, prAcArya hemacandra prabhRti ne aneka jaina kathAoM ko sAhityika rUpa dekara sadA-sarvadA ke lie surakSita va amara banA diyA hai| ina dvArA praNIta carita granthoM, purANoM tathA zAdhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM vizeSa kara rAjasthAnI va gujarAtI ke aneka sAhityakAroM ne apane rAsa granthoM, phAgu, carcarI, veli saMjJaka kRtiyoM meM jaina kathAoMoM ko sundara sAhityika rUpa meM prastuta kara jaina sAhitya kI mahAn sevA kI hai| hindI meM jaina kathA sahitya : hindI ke prArambhika jaina ke rUpa meM praNIta hue| granakaraNa kathA grantha saMskRta purANoM va caritAdi granthoM ke anuvAdaparantu yaha pravRtti prArambhika hI rahI / kAlAntara meM jaina

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364 prAgamika va paurANika sAhitya meM bikharI kathAnoM ko hindI gadya meM svatantra rUpa se prastuta kiyA jAne lgaa| Aja sthiti yaha hai ki jaina kathAeM vividha sAhityika vidhAnoM ke svarUpa meM maNDita hokara samakAlIna hindI sAhitya kRtiyoM ke samAnAntara likhI jA rahI hai| upanyAsa, laghu upanyAsa, kahAnI, lagha kathAeM, nATaka-ekAMkI prAdi vidhAoM meM prAja jaina kathA sAhitya upalabdha hai / rAjasthAna kA jaina kathA sAhitya : jaina sAhitya ke unnayana meM rAjasthAna kA sadA hI agraNI sthAna rahA hai| isa tathya kA anumAna isI se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki isa pradeza meM lagabhaga tIna hajAra granthAgAra haiM jinameM lagabhaga tIna lAkha pANDulipiyAM ekatrita haiN| yaha adhikAMza sAhitya aprakAzita hai kyoMki isa yuga meM sAhitya prakAzana kI Aja kI jaisI suvidhAeM upalabdha nahIM thii| Aja kA jaina sAhityalekhana' isa dRSTi se bhAgyavAna hai ki usakA adhikAMza bhAga prakAzita hai , prakAzita hotA rahatA hai| aneka jaina patra-patrikAoM ne sAhitya-prakAzana kI sthiti ko adhika suvidhAjanaka banA diyA hai| punaH sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke prabhAva va jaina dhanikoM kI udAra sahAyatA ke kAraNa bhI Adhunika jaina sAhitya ke prakAzana kA kSetra ujjvala rahA hai| hindI jaina sAhitya kI adhanAtana pravattiyoM meM nibandha, samAlocanA, zodha-prabandha tathA pravacana-sAhitya kA praNayana va prakAzana adhika huA hai, apekSAkRta vividha vidhAparaka svatantra kathA sAhitya kA praNayana va prakAzana svalpa hai| yahAM hama rAjasthAna ke upalabdha jaina kathA sAhitya kA vidhAparaka va pravattimUlaka adhyayana prastuta karane kA prayatna kara rahe haiN| isa adhyayana se prAdhanika jaina kathA sAhitya lekhana kI viziSTitA tathA dizA kA prakaTIkaraNa ho sakegA, aisA vizvAsa hai / upanyAsa-laghu upanyAsa : -kamalA jaina 'jIjI', prakAzita upanyAsoM kI saMkhyA bahuta sImita hI hai| jina upanyAsoM kI jAnakArI mila sakI hai. va haiM. citeroM ke mahAvIra--DA. prema samana jaina, agnipatha--kamalA jaina 'ja kapila--prAcArya amRta kumAra, taraMgavatI, zalI aura siMhAsana, bhaTakate bhaTakate--- tInoM kRtiyoM ke lekhaka haiM jJAna bhaarill| laghu upanyAsoM meM prastuta lekhaka ke do upanyAsa 'jinavANI' (mAsika patrikA jayapura) meM dhArAvAhika prakAzita hue haiM, ve haiM AtmajayI aura kaNikaH / ___ 'citeroM ke mahAvIra' upanyAsa meM mahAvIra ke paramparA se mAnya jIvana prasaMgoM ko navIna zailI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| madhyapradeza meM vidizA ke pAsa avasthita udayagiri kI guphAoM ko pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM lekara aura AcArya kazyapa tathA unake kalAkAra ziSyoM kI kalpanA kara lekhaka ne upanyAsa meM dhArApravAhikatA, rocakatA va mahAvIra siddhAntoM ke prastutikaraNa meM sahajatA kA samAveza kiyA hai| upanyAsa kI yaha navIna zailI eka upalabdhi hai| 'kapila' nAmaka upanyAsa meM lekhaka prAcArya amatakumAra ne 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra' ke AThaveM adhyayana meM upalabdha kathAsUtra ko Adhunika upanyAsa kI zailI meM prastuta kara, sArvajanika banA diyA hai| upanyAsa kA kathAnaka sArvakAlika aura sArvabhaumika hai| zakunIdatta ke caritra dvArA manuSya kA svArtha aura usakI preraNA se kie jAne vAle mAnavIya duSkarma prakaTa ho ca ke haiM, vahI vyakti kI aparAdha pravRtti kA manovaijJAnika svarUpa rapaSTa ho sakA hai / kapila' ke pAtra hamAre hI samaya ke, hamAre galI-mahalle kehI pAtra hai aura isameM uThAI gaI samasyA bhI pUrNata: mAnavIya hai, ata: sabakI hai| prAnika jaina sAhityakAra prAcIna kathAsUtroM ko kisa saphalatA se AdhunikatA

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365 kA jAmA pahanA rahA hai aura una kathAoM meM nihita zAzvata mAnavIya prAdarzo ko prastuta kara naitika jAgaraNa kA jo prayatna kara rahA hai, usakA isa upanyAsa se AbhAsa kiyA jA sakatA hai / kamalA jaina 'jIjI' kA upanyAsa 'agnipatha' jaina sAdhvI zrI umarAvakuMvara jI 'arcanA' kI jIvana kathA para AdhArita hai / isa mahimAvAna, parama viduSI, mahAna tapasvinI sAdhvI kA pradarza jIvana prastuta kara lekhikA ne sAmAjika naitika jAgaraNa ko hI dizA dI hai / pavitra AtmAoM ke caritra hamAre lie dIpa-stambha hai, jo jJAna kI aMdhiyArI meM bhaTakatI mAnavatA ko prakAza dete haiM / isa kRti kI yaha viziSTatA hai ki pratyakSa meM jIe gae jIvana ko sahaja, sarala aura rocaka aupanyAsika zailI meM saphalatA pUrvaka prastuta kiyA gayA hai| zrI jJAna bhArilla kA upanyAsa 'taraMgavatI' eka prAcIna jaina kathA kA zrAtma kathAtmaka upanyAsa ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA rUpAntara hai / prAcArya pAdalipta dvArA mUla prAkRta meM likhI gaI isa kathA se punarjanma ke siddhAnta kI rocaka puSTi huI hai / laghu upanyAsa kI dRSTi se prastuta lekhaka ke do upanyAsa 'AtmajayI' aura 'kUNika' prakAza meM Ae haiN| 'AtmajavI' meM tIrtha kara mahAvIra kI jIvana ghaTanAoM ko bauddhika va manovaijJAnika dharAtala para prastuta karane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai / / upanyAsa dvArA mahAvIra svAmI ke mahAmAnava rUpa aura una dvArA pracArita dharma kA loka kalyANakArI svarUpa prakaTa huA hai| 'kUNika' meM jaina paramparA meM upalabdha prajAta zatru ke rAjya grahaNa kI ghaTanA ko AdhAra banAkara pitA-putra sambandhoM ke bhAvanAtmaka svarUpa va Adarza ko vANI dI gaI hai. jisakI prAja ke ghora vyaktigata svArthI se paricAlita jIvana meM nitAMta AvazyakatA hai / Upara jina katipaya kRtiyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai, usake AdhAra para hama jaina upanyAsoM kI pravRttiyoM kA nimna prakAra ullekha kara sakate haiM : --: 1. prAdhunika jaina upanyAsa kA kathAsUtra paramparAgata srotoM se prApta kiyA jAtA hai / yahI eka baDA AdhAra hai jisa kAraNa hama isa prakAra kI kRtiyoM ko jaina upanyAsa kaha sakate haiM / gayA hai / 2. paramparAgata kathA sUtra ko kathAkAroM ne nayA rUpa, naI zailI va navIna vicAroM se anuprANita kiyA hai / 3. upanyAsoM meM yAdhunika saMdarbha tathA Aja ke yuga kI samasyAoM ko bhI prastuta kiyA 4. ina upanyAsoM kA uddezya naitika Adarza prastuta kara pAThaka ko caritra nirmANa kI dizA saMketa karanA hai / 5. ye upanyAsa sundara sAhityika kRtiyAM haiM jinameM Adhunika aupanyAsika zailI kA saphala nirvAha huA hai| kahAnI-laghu kathAeM: katipaya saMkalana haiM kahAnI saMkalana apekSAkRta adhika parimANa meM prakAzita hue haiN| kucha maNiyAM kucha patthara - DA. narendra bhAnAvata, badalate kSaNa - mahAvIra koTiyA, dhArmika kahAniyAM

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366 prAcArya zrI hastImala jI, jaina kathAmAlA bhAga 1 se 12-zrI madhukara muni, jaina kahAniyoM bhAga-1 se 25,-muni zrI mahendra kumAra jI 'prathama', pratApa kathA kAmadI bhAga-1 se 5-zrI rameza mani,saundarya darzana-zrI zAnti candra mehatA, kathA kalpataru-muni zrI chatramala, lo kahAnI suno, lo kathA kahadU-zrI bhagavatI mani 'nirmala', zrI devendra mani ke saMkalana-khilatI kaliyAM: marakarAte phala, pratidhvani, zrI gaNeza mani zAstrI ke saMkalana-preraNA ke bindra. zrI vijaya muni zAstrI kA 'pIyUSa ghaTa tathA' zrI kesarIcandra seThiyA kA saMgraha 'mukti ke patha para' Adi / ukta kahAnI va laghukathA saMkalanoM ko dekhakara hameM hindI jaina kathA sAhitya kI nimna tIna pravRttiyAM parilakSita hotI haiN| (ka) jainAgamoM, purANoM tathA anya dhArmika sAhitya meM upalabdha kathAsUtroM ko prAdhAra rUpa meM lekara apane varNana kauzala va kalpanA se use grA ndI kahAnI ke sAhityika rUpa meM prastuta krnaa| (kha) dhArmika sAhitya meM upalabdha kathA-kahAniyoM ko jyoM kI tyoM hindI meM prastuta krnaa| (ga) jaina jaina dhArmika tathA itara granthoM meM upalabdha preraNAtmaka caritra-nirmANa sambandhI va jIvanopayogI prasaMgoM ko apanI TippaNiyoM ke sAtha sundara sAhityaka bhASA meM prastuta krnaa| ukta tIna pravattiyoM ke AdhAra para jaina kahAnI sAhitya tIna rUpoM meM upalabdha hai (ka) sAhityika kahAniyAM-yathA DA. narendra bhAnAvata ke saMkalana 'cha maNiyAM kucha patthara' tathA prastuta lekhaka ke saMkalana 'badalate kSaNa meM upalabdha / (kha) dhArmika kahAniyAM -yathA 'mukti ke patha para' (kesarI canda seThiyA) 'jaina kathAmAlA'(madhukara muni) aadi| (ga) preraka-prasaMga varNana, yathA pratidhvani (devendra muni zAstrI) preraNA ke bindu (gaNeza mani zAstrI) Adi meM saMkalita hai| tInoM zailiyoM meM upalabdha samagra jaina kahAnI sAhitya kA eka samAna uddezya hai-mAnava jIvana kA utthAna, caritra kA nirmaann| isalie bheda zailImAva kA hai, bAhaya hai, antara sabakA eka hai, bhAva bhUmi samAna hai| nATaka-ekAMkI yaha vidhA jaina sAhityakAroM se jaise achUtI hI rahI hai| kahane mAtra ko eka ekAMkI saMkalana 'viSa se amRta kI ora' DA. narendra bhAnAvata kA hai, jisameM nau ekAMkI saMkalita haiN| viSa se amRta kI ora, zarANAgata kI rakSA, prAtmA kA parva, eTama ahiMsA aura zAnti, insAna kI pUjA kA dina, saccA yajJa, anAthI mani, tIrthakara, namirAja aura indra / inameM tIna ekAMkI-prAtmA kA parva, eTama ahiMsA aura zAnti tathA insAna kI pUjA kA dina prAgama sammata vicAradhArA para AdhArita kAlpanika ekAMkI hai, zeSa raha ekAMkI prasiddha jaina kathAnakoM para AdhArita hai| sabhI ekAMkiyoM meM jaina sAMskRtika paramparA aura jaina darzana kI prAtmA kA saphala prastutikaraNa hai| DA. rAmacaraNa mahendra ke zabdo meM-"lekhaka ne ina ekAMkiyoM ke mAdhyama se karmamUlaka saMskRti kI pratiSThA, puruSArthavAda kI mAnyatA aura kartavya kI bhAvanA ko jAgrata karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| yadyapi ina ekAMkiyoM kI kathAvastu aura sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi jaina kathAoM se sambandhita hai-tathApi bhAnAvata jI deza kI prAdhanika mAmAjika, sAMskRtika evaM

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367 rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM se bhI apanA mukha nahIM mor3a sake haiM / unameM se jhalakI haiM / " 1 - saMkalana ke prAkkathana pR. 7-8 se sampUrNa nATaka kI dRSTi se zrI mahendra jaina kA 'mahAsatI candanabAlA' nATaka abhI prakAza AyA hai| yaha tIna aMkoM meM samApta sundara, prabhAvotpAdaka nATaka hai jisako jayapura va dillI meM saphalatApUrvaka raMgamaMca para khelA jA cukA hai aura sarAhA gayA hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke sAdhvI saMgha kI pramukha candanabAlA kA kathAnaka atyanta kAruNika hai jo mAnava mana kI gaharAI meM suSupta komala va mAnavIya anubhUtiyoM kI jAgrati meM parama sahAyaka hai | raMgamaMcIya nATya - racanA kI dRSTi se lekhaka ne isa prasiddha kathAnaka kA sahaja nirvAha kiyA hai, dRzya parivartana yathAsaMbhava kama haiM tathA pAtra saMkhyA sImita hai / candanabAlA aura sAtha hI rAnI dhAriNI kA caritAMkana pratyanta garimAmaya DhaMga se ho sakA hai jo nArI kI cAritrika dRDhatA, Atma saMyama, kaSTa sahiSNutA, dhairyazIlatA aura komala mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA sundara nidarzana hai / jaina darzana ke karmavAda kI puSTi isa prasiddha kathAnaka se hotI hai / lekhaka ne bhI candanabAlA ke mukha se isakA samarthana sthAna-sthAna para karAyA hai, yathA-kAla koTharI se mukti milI para bhAgya ke khela kA anta kahAM ? sthitiyAM badalI haiM, badalatI calI gaI, mAnava apanI sattA sampannatA aura sundaratA para itarAtA hai, vaha bhUla jAtA hai- karmoM meM bhI apanA vidhAna hai, isake Age kisI kI nahIM calatI / . karmoM ne mujhe kahAM nahIM chalA, deva ! Aja ve phira chala rahe haiM / " astu, , jaina sAhitya meM adhunAtama nATya vidhA kI dRSTi se koI racanA nahIM thI, yaha kRti usa prabhAva kI pUrti hai / deza kI vartamAna paristhitiyAM uddhRta /

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prathama pariziSTa 1. rAjasthAna kA jaina loka sAhitya -DaoN. mahendra bhAnAvata 2. rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha saMgrahAlaya -DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla 3. rAjasthAna ke jaina zilAlekha -rAmavallabha somAnI 4. jaina lekhana kalA -bhaMvaralAla nAiTara

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rAjasthAna kA jaina loka sAhitya - DA0 mahendra bhAnAvata rAjasthAna ke lokasAhitya kI bar3I vividha evaM vyApaka pRSThabhUmi rahI hai / vividha dharmo, vividha jAtiyoM, vividha saMpradAyoM tathA vividha saMskAroM, tyohAroM aura taura tarIkoM kI bhUtiyoM se jur3A yahAM kA lokamata apanI virATa saMskRti kI jar3oM ko gaharI kiye pallavita puSpita hai| isa saMskRti meM jaina lokasAhitya kI apanI viziSTa bhUmikA rahI hai / yaha sAhitya ma lataH dhArmika, prAdhyAtmika evaM naitika mUlyoM kA eka aisA panaghaTa hai jisakA pAnI pIkara vyakti apane ghara-maraghaTa taka ko pariSkRta, sAtvika aura sAMsArika ulajhanoM se mukta banAye rakhatA hai / isa sAhitya ke sahAre kitanI hI vidhavAeM apane vaidhavya ko abhizApa hone se bacAtI haiM / kitane hI besahArA mana isakI zaraNa ko jindagI kA sabase bar3A sahArA mAna apanI naiyA pAra lagAte haiM / pApI mana prAyazcita karate haiM / apanI granthiyoM ko kholate haiM / kunThAnoM ko kAlikha dete haiM / cita kA caMcalapana dUra karate haiM / apane hAthI mana ko aMkuza dete haiN| ghor3e mana ko lagAma lagAte hairata meM sukhapUrvaka amarApura kA grAsana grahaNa karate haiM / icchAoM ko mAranA aura jIvana ko saMyamita karanA isa sAhitya kA mUla darzana hai / yaha darzana sapanoM, badhAvoM, stavano, bhajanoM, DhAloM, vyAvaloM, thokar3oM, silokoM, kathAoM, garbha - cintAraNiyoM tathA tIrthaMkaroM, gaNadharoM, sAdhu saMtiyoM sambandhI gItoM se saMpUrita hai / tIrthaMkara sambandhI gIta mukhyataH sapanoM ke rUpa meM pracalita haiM / ina sapanoM meM unake garbhadhAraNa se lekara unake janma, unake vividha saMskAra tathA unake jIvana kI mukhya pramukha ghaTanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hotA hai| dharma-sthAnoM ke alAvA vivAha zAdiyoM meM cAka nUtane se lekara zAdI ke dina taka prati prAtaH bhI ye sapane gAye jAte haiM / paryuSaNa ke dinoM meM bhI inheM vizeSa rUpa se gAyA jAtA hai / garbhAvAsa meM tIrthakaroM kI mAtAoM ko grAne vAle svapanoM ke kaI gIta isa sAhitya pramukha viSaya bane hue haiN| eka sapane meM bAla janma kA harakha kisa khUbI se umar3a par3A hai-AMgaNa pravariyA cuNAvA / nAriyaloM se nIMva bharAvo / dAI bulAo jo tIrthaM kara ko jhele / sone kI churI se usakA nArA morAmro / rUpoM kI kuNDiyoM meM snAna karAo / rAnI ke prAMgana sAsa bulAo jo bAlaka ko paTarI jhele| jozI bulAo jo nAma nikAle / DholI bulAo jo dasa dina Dhola bajAve | sevaka ko bulAo jo dasa dina jhAlara bajAye / bhuA bulAo jo maMgala gAye / cauka purA / suhAgina se sUraja pujAo / kumhAra bulAo jo kuMbha kalaza lAye / derANiyAM- jeThAniyAM bulAo jo bhAratI utAre / hauja khudAmro, jhalamA pUjo / DholiyA DharAmro / suhAgina poddh'egii| hiMgalU DhorAmro, pagalyA mAMDegI / kela rUpAo unake pAsa hAthI ghor3e maMr3eMge / sabake mana meM kitanA ullAsa aura uchAha hai / gItoM kI gaMgAyeM chalaka rikhadeva ke liye kesara tIrthakaroM kI pUjA ke lie dUra-dUra se yAtrI umar3a par3ate haiM / par3atI haiM / pUjA ke vividha thA aura pUjApA sajAyA jA rahA hai / neminAtha ke lie phUla, pArasanAtha ke lie kevar3A, mahAvIra svAmI ke lie nAriyala tathA zAMtinAtha ke lie khArakoM ke thAla bhare jA rahe haiM / kaba daravAjA khule, paTa khule aura darzana ho / bhagavAna ke pAMva pUjane aura muMha dekhane ke lie pratIkSA paMkti lagI huI hai sAmI kadakI UbI ne kadakI kharI re daravAje, toI nI kholyA daravAjA re /

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370 sAmo pAMva pUgaNa donI mukha dekhaNa donI mhai dUrAM saM AyA jI / ye sapane bar3e maMgala aura kalyANa sUcaka hai| inakA gAnA baikuMTha pAnA aura nahIM gAnA ajagara kA avatAra honA hai, to phira kauna sapane gAnA nahIM cAheMgI? gAne vAlI ko car3A-caMdar3I yAnI sUhAga-saubhAgya kI prApti aura jor3ane vAlI ko jhUlatA huA putra, roga-zoka se muvita aura jJAnAvaraNIya se lekara antarAya taka ke pAThoM karmoM se chuTakArA / __karma ko lekara hamAre yahAM jIvana kI jar3eM bahuta khaMkherI gaI haiN| manuSya jaisA karma karatA hai vaisA hI phala bhogatA hai| acche kAma kA acchA phala aura bure kAma kA burA phala / isa dhAraNA se hara vyakti apanI jindagAnI ko bure phaloM se bigAr3anA nahIM caahtaa| prati dina usake hAthoM acchA kAma ho, vaha yahI AzA lie uThatA hai aura isI AzA meM bistarA pakar3atA hai| isalie vaha apanA Atmacintana karatA hai| galata kiye hue para prAyazcitta karatA hai aura Age ke jIvana kA sudhArane kA praNa doharAtA hai| AtmA so prmaatmaa| isalie vaha apanI AtmA ko apavitra hone se bacAtA hai| prAtmA ko lekara aise kaI eka cauka pracalita hai jinameM acchI karaNI ke rUpa meM prAtmA ko nirmala, niroga aura niSpApa rahane ko saceta, sajaga kiyA gayA hai| ina caukoM ke atirikta thokaDoM meM bhI isI prakAra kI,jIvana ko dhikakArane aura prAtmAnoM ko phaTakArane kI bhAvanA bharI milatI hai| prAtmanindA evaM bhartsanA ke sAtha-sAtha sAMsArika mohamAyA, rAgadveSa evaM kaSAya Adi meM nilipta jIvana ko jhakajhorate hue use savatti kI ora prerita kiyA jAtA hai| isIlie maraNAsanna vyakti ko mRtya se pUrva bhI ye thokar3e sUnAye jAte haiM tAki vaha apane jIvana ko tolatA huA pApoM kA prAyazcita kre| ye thokar3e mukhyataH jIvana ke kRSNapakSa ko udghATita kara use zuklajIvI banAte haiN| eka udAharaNa dekhiye ___ jyU samaMdara meM hilorA uchare cha jyU thAre tirasaNA rUpI hilorA uchare ch| are jIva thaM karaNI to kare cha para sUnA mana saMkare chai| dhIrapa mana saMkarasI to thAre lakhe lAgasI / dekho dekho bharata mahArAja kI rAja, rIti ramaNIka, gemaNIka sobhAimAna beirI ch| jaNA kaI jANyo cha ke dharakArapaNoM aNIrAja ne, dharakArapaNoM aNI pATane, dharakArapaNoM aNI cakaravatI padavI ne| asI cintAvaNA karatAM karatA bharata mhArAja kevala gyAna darasana paayaa| asyo thAre paNa ude pAvasI ? thAre kaNas ude grAsI re bApar3A? karodha mAna mAyA lobha rI cakarI ne paTarI pAra / akUla vikUla paNo thAre mare na thii| karodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, rAga davesa jagajagAramAna ho rayo ch| thArI samAI to yA cha ne vA ch| arthAt jyoM samudra kI lahareM uchAla khAtI hai usI taraha tumhAre tRSNArUpI hiloreM uchAla khA rahI haiN| are jIva ta karma to karatA hai para khAlI mana se karatA hai| dhairya se karegA to to apanA lakSya hAtha lgegaa| dekho mahArAja bharata kI rAjarIti zobhita ho rahI hai jinhoMne jAnA ki dhikkAra hai isa rAjapATa ko, ghikkAra hai cakravatI padavI ko| aisI cintanA karate bharata mahArAja kevala jJAna kevala darzana ko prApta ho gye| aisA bhAgya tumhAre bhI udita hogA? tumhAre kaise udita hogA ! krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha kI cakarI kA jIvana paTarI se pAra lgaa| AkUla-vyAkulatA tumase nahIM chuutttii| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha rAga, dveSa kI jagamagAhaTa ho rahI hai| terI sAmayika, kamAI to yaha hai, yahI hai| , ye thokar3e hamAre isa bhava ke hI nahIM apitu parabhava, bhava-bhava ke cikitmaka haiN| inase kAyA, kaMcana banatI hai| hamArA mana yadi acaMgA hai to kAyA caMgI kaise hogI ? mana kI uddAma

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371 vAsanAeM, ananta lAlasAeM aura prakhUTa tRSNAeM jaba taka kAbU meM nahIM pAyegI taba taka prAtmA kA maila kaise kaTegA? vividha kathA-pAkhyAnoM aura dRSTAntoM ke AdhAra para ina thokar3oM ko baNagaTa mAnava jIvana ke zaikSika sAMskRtika pakSa ko majabUtI se pATatI hai| garbha cintAraNiyoM meM garbhastha ziza kI cintanA ke sAtha-sAtha mAnava jIvana ko samatAvAna banAne ko sokha bhI rahatI hai| ye garbhavatI mahilAoM ko sunAI jAtI haiM tAki garbha meM -hI garbhastha zizu jova yoni ke svarUpa, karnaphala, sAMsArika mohajAla, roga-bhoga tathA sukha-duHkha kA samyaka jJAna prApta kara jIva dhAraNa kare aura mAnava jIvana ko sArthaka karatA hA maraNa ko mamatAvihIna rUpa meM varaNa kre| isa daSTi se ye cintAraNiyAM jIva yoni kA gar3ha darzana lie hotI haiN| maraNAsanna vyakti ko bhI ye cintAraNiyAM sunAI jAtI haiM tAki vaha apane ko sAMsArikatAoM se mukta samajhatA yA deha tyAge aura Age koI acchA janma prApta kre| isake anusAra jIva janma dhAraNa karatA hai, maratA hai, punaH-punaH jItA hai aura isa prakAra caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM bhaTakatA rahatA hai / manuSya akelA pAtA hai aura akelA jAtA hai| sAtha na kucha lAtA hai aura na le jAtA hai ataH bAra-bAra use acche karma karane ke lie saceta kiyA jAtA hai| eka pagalyA dekhie-- ratanAM rA pyAlA ne sonA rI thAla / maMga miThAI ne cAvala dAla, bhojana bhala bhala bhAMtarA / / gaMgA jala pANI dIdho re DhAra, vastu maMgAvo ne turata tyAra, kamI e nahIM kiNa, bAta rii|| bar3A bar3A hotA jI rANA ne rAva, seTha senApati ne umarAva, khAtA meM nahIM rAkhatA / / jI nara bhogatA sukha bharapUra, dekha tAM dekhatA hoyagyA dhUra, dekhoM re gata saMsAra rI / / kare garaba jasI hosI jI bAsa, dekhatAM dekhatAM gayA re vinAsa, yUM cete ucete to maanvii|| kisI sthAna para sAdhu saMtoM kA Agamana bar3A AhlAdakArI hotA hai, taba pUrA zrAvakazrAvikA samudAya umar3a par3atA hai| isa dina kI khuzI kA pAra nahIM, jase sone aura ratnoM kA sUraja udita ho pAyA ho-- Aja sonA ro suraja ugiyo, prAja ratnAM ro sUraja ugiyo, Aja ro goiro lAge hagemage, mhArAsA pro lAge dIpatAM // kama aura kesara ke pagalye mahArAja zrI kA padArpaNa / sArA gAMva lala-lala pAMva lagane ke lie umar3a par3A hai| inake darzanoM se sAre pApa dhula gae haiN| badhAve para badhAve gAe jA rahe haiM / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke bAla jIvana ke gItoM meM unheM nahAne, kapar3e pahanAne tathA pAlane meM jhalAne ke bar3e rocaka varNana milate haiN| mahAvIra ke jarI kA rumAla, makhamala kA mAgA aura hIre-motI se jar3I TopI zobhita hai| unakA pAlanA sone kI sAMkala kar3iyoM vAlA, ratnoM se jar3A, rezama kI Dora / unake pAMvoM meM jhAMjhariye vana-khanAte hue, Thumaka Thumaka ThumakatI unakI cAla aura mAtA trizalA ke unake sAtha bane nAnA svapna, kitanI raMgIna chaTA aura dazyAvalI AMkhoM ke sAmane thiraka uThatI hai| mAtA trizalA to bhAgyazAlI hai hI para ina gItoM ko gAne- sunAne vAle bhI apane ko kitanA bhAgyavAna samajhate haiM, yaha kalpanA sahaja hI kI jA sakatI hai| tIrthakaroM se sambandhita zilokoM kA bhI idhara vizeSa pracalana rahA hai| inameM mukhyata: deva, vAsupUjya, neminAtha. pArzvanAtha, zAMtinAtha ke zilokoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai|

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372 tIrthakaroM ke atirikta rAmalakhana, kRSNa, bAlAjI, gaNapati evaM mukhya pramukha satiyoM ke ziloke bhI milate haiM / paryuSaNa ke dinoM meM kaI taraha ke gIta gAye jAte haiM / aurateM tIrthaMkaroM se sambandhita gIta gAtI huI mandira jAtI haiM, pUjA karatI haiM aura harakha manAtI haiM / kisI ke baccA nahIM hone para patni pati sajor3e upavAsa karate haiM / dharma ke pratApa se unake kUkha 'calane lagatI hai / taba hAtha pAvoM meM meMhadI dI jAtI hai / nAriyala yA khar3iyA bAMTI jAtI hai / pAraNa ke dina sapane gavAye jAte haiM / saMvatsarI ko pratyeka vyakti upavAsa karatA hai| kahAvata ' thAna ne buDA ne nahIM dhAna" choTe-choTe bacce taka isa dina stanapAna nahIM karate haiM aura bUr3he bhI bhUkha rahate haiM / lokasAhitya ke ina vividha rUpoM meM kathA-kahAniyoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai / inakI AtmA dhArmika tAne-bAne se guMthI huI hotI hai / ye kahAniyAM sukhAMta hotI haiM / adhikatara kahAniyoM kI samApti saMyama mArga dhAraNa kara dIkSita hone meM hotI hai / ye kahAniyAM gadya, padya athavA donoM kA saMyukta rUpa liye hotI haiM / inameM zikSAtmaka aMza bhI khAsA rahatA hai / jIvana nirmANa kI dizA meM ye kahAniyAM bar3I preraka, zikSAtmaka tathA bar3I upayogI siddha huI haiM / gAMvoM meM jahAM manoraMjana ke koI sAdhana nahIM hote vahAM ina kahAniyoM kA vAcana - kathana kaiyoM ko sadmAcaraNa kI ora prerita karatA hai / DhAloM meM bhaga, bharata, meghakumAra, pavanakumAra, rAvaNa, vijayAseTha, jambUsvAmI kI DhAloM kA vizeSa pracalana hai / ye DhAleM gadya-padya mizrita sundara saMvAda lie hotI haiM / yahAM rAvaNa kI DhAla kA sItA mandodhara saMvAda draSTavya hai- sItA jI sUM milavA maMdodhara rANI AI, saMga meM sahelyAM lAI / rAjA kI rANI AI ||Tera || maMdoM -- kiNare ghara thaM jAI upaNI kiNare ghara paraNAI ? o sItA kiNa re ghara paraNAI ? maMdoM- kaI thAro prItama huvo bAvalo more piyA saMga calI AI, are sItA rANA kI rANI AI // sItA - janakarAya ghara jAya upaNI dasaratha ghara paraNAI, pro maMdodhara dasaratha ghara paraNAI / nahIM mhAro prItama huvo bAvalo, sarana sonA rI laMkA dekhaNa AI, pro maMdodhara rAjA kI rANI AI // ta to kahIjai sata kI sItA yAM kaise calI AI, kaI tha prItama vana meM chor3I more piyA saMga calI AI, o sItA rAjA kI rANI AI // sItA--mheM to kahI jUM sata kI sItA aise hI calI AI, nahIM mhArA prItama vana meM chor3I thane raMDApo devaNa zrAI, yo maMdodhara rAjA kI rANI grAI // ina DhAloM kI rAgeM bar3I mIThI tathA mohaka hotI haiM / inake AdhAra para nRtya nATaka bhI maMtrita kie jA sakate haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki yaha sAhitya na kevala janoM ke lie apitu Ama logoM ke lie bhI utanA hI upayogI aura Atmazuddhi mUlaka hai| jaina saMpradAya aura jaina varga vizeSa sAhitya hote hue bhI yaha Ama janajIvana ke sukha aura kalyANa kA vAhaka hai /

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rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha saMgrahAlaya --DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla rAjasthAna rajapUtI Ana bAna kA pradeza hai| yaha vIra bhUmi hai jahAM deza para athavA mAtRbhUmi para balidAna hone meM yahAM ke nivAsiyoM ne sadA hI gaurava mAnA hai| muslima zAsana meM ma salamAnoM se jitanA yahAM ke vIroM ne lohA liyA thA, utanA kisI pradeza vAle nahIM le ske| yahAM kI dharatI mahArANA pratApa kI gaurava gAthA se alaMkRta hai| mahArAjA hammIra ke zaurya, parAkrama evaM bahAdurI se kRtakRtya hai aura yahAM ke asaMkhya vIra yoddhAoM ke khUna se isa pradeza kA cappA-cappA abhisikta hai lekina vIra bhUmi ke sAtha-sAtha rAjasthAna karmabhUmi bhI rahA hai| eka ora yahAM ke vIra putroM ne yadi mAtRbhUmi ke lie apane jIvana ko pAhuti dI to dUsarI ora yahAM ke vaNik samAja ne deza ko sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika saMpatti ko bhI surakSita hI nahIM rakhA kintu usake pracAra prasAra meM bhI apanA apUrva yogadAna diyA aura isa dRSTi se bhI rAjasthAna kA mahatva kama nahIM hai| jaise cittaur3a, raNathambhaura, ajamera jaise durgoM ke darzana karate hI hamArI bhujAeM phar3akane lagatI haiM usI taraha jaisalamera, nAgaura, ajamera evaM bIkAnera, jayapura ke grantha saMgrahAlayoM meM surakSita sAhityika dharohara ke darzana karake hama apane bhAgya kI sarAhanA karane lagate haiN| Aja akele rAjasthAna meM jitanI hastalikhita pANDulipiyAM milatI haiM utanI deza ke kisI anya pradeza meM nahIM miltii| yaha saba rAjasthAnavAsiyoM ke yugoM kI sAdhanA kA phala hai| rAjasthAna meM jaina evaM jainetara zAstra saMgrahAlayoM meM pAMca lAkha se bhI adhika pANDulipiyAM hai| jinake kendra hai : jaisalamera, jayapura, bIkAnera, jodhapura, udayapura, ajamera, bharatapura, bUndI ke granthAgAra jinameM pANDulipiyoM ke rUpa meM sAkSAt sarasvatI evaM jinavANI ke darzana hote haiN| anupa saMskRta lAyabrarI bIkAnera, rAjasthAna purAtatva mandira jodhapura, jayapura mahArAjA kA pothIkhAnA evaM udayapurAdi ke mahArAjAoM ke nijI saMgraha meM 11-2 lAkha se kama grantha nahIM hoMge, jinameM sArI bhAratIya vidyA chipI par3I hai aura vaha hamAre prAcAryoM ke asoma jJAna kA eka jItA jAgatA udAharaNa hai| rAjasthAna meM jaina grantha saMgrahAlayoM kI jitanI adhika saMkhyA hai utanI gujarAta ko chor3a kara deza ke kisI anya pradeza meM nahIM hai| lekhaka dvArA aba taka kie gae sarve ke anusAra rAjasthAna meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI saMpradAyoM ke saMgrahAlayoM meM DhAI-tIna lAkha pANDulipiyoM se kama saMkhyA nahIM hogii| inameM se 1-1 lAkha pANDulipiyAM digambara bhaNDAroM meM evaM itanI hI pANDulipiyAM zvetAmbara bhaNDAroM meM milegii| ye pANDulipiyAM mukhyataH saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, hindI evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke granthoM kI haiM aura 10 vIM zatAbdI se lekara 20 vIM zatAbdI taka kI haiM / jainAcAryoM, sAdhuoM, bhaTTArakoM evaM paMDitoM ne apane grantha saMgrahAlayoM ko sAhitya saMgraha kI dRSTi se sarvAdhika upayogI banAne kA sadaiva prayAsa kiyA hai| jahAM kahIM se bhI koI hastalikhita grantha mila gayA cAhe vaha phira kisI dharma kA ho athavA viSaya kA use bhaNDAra meM surakSita rUpa se virAjamAna kara diyA gayA yA phira usakI pratilipi karavA kara saMgrahIta karane kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| isalie rAjasthAna ke ye jaina grantha bhaNDAra sAhityika upayogitA ko daSTi se deza ke mahatvapUrNa saMgrahAlaya hai| jainoM ne ina bhaNDAroM kI rakSA karane meM bhI koI kasara nahIM chor3I aura magaloM evaM zavoM ke aAkramaNa ke samaya meM apane jIvana kI pAhuti dekara bhI ina bhaNDAroM kI surakSA kI thii| yahI kAraNa hai rAjyAzraya vihIna hone para bhI ye aba taka surakSita raha sake aura deza kI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI naSTa hone se bacAyI jA sakI /

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374 zrI mahAvIra kSetra ke sAhitya zodha vibhAga kI ora se rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUciyoM ke pAMca bhAga prakAzita ho cuke haiM / jinameM karIba pacAsa hajAra pratiyoM kA paricaya diyA huA hai / ina grantha sUciyoM se saikar3oM ajJAta granthoM kA paricaya vidvAnoM ko prathama bAra prApta huA hai / sva. DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ne grantha sUcI caturtha bhAga kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai ki " -- vikAsa kI una pichalI zatiyoM meM hindI sAhitya ke kitane vividha sAhitya rUpa the, yaha bhI anusaMdhAna ke lie mahatvapUrNa viSaya hai / isa sUcI ko dekhate hue unameM se aneka nAma sAmane Ate haiM jaise, stotra, pATha, saMgraha, kathA, rAso, rAsa, pUjA, maMgala, jayamAla, praznottarI, mantra, aSTaka, sAra, samuccaya, varNana, subhASita, caupaI, zubhamAlikA, nizANI, jakar3I, vyAhalo, badhAvA, vinatI, patnI, bhAratI, bola, caracA, vicAra, bAta, gIta, lIlA, caritra, chanda, chahappaya, bhAvanA, vinoda, kalpa, nATaka, prazasti, dhamAla, coDhAliyA, caumAsiyA, vArAmAsA, baToI, veli, hiMDolaNA, cunar3I, sajjhAya, bArAkhar3I, bhakti, vandanA, paccIsI, battIsI, pacAsA, bAvanI, satasaI, sAmAyika, sahastranAma, nAmAvalI, guruvAvalI, stavana, sambodhana, moDala Adi / ina vividha sAhitya rUpoM meM se kisakA kaba Arambha huA aura kisa prakAra vikAsa aura vistAra huA yaha zodha ke lie rocaka viSaya hai / usakI bahumUlya sAmagrI ina bhaNDAroM meM surakSita hai / " isI taraha jayapura ke prAcArya vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, lAla bhavana kI ora se grantha sUcI kA eka bhAga DA. narendra bhAnAvata ke sampAdana meM abhI kucha varSa pUrva prakAzita ho cukA hai| ina grantha sUciyoM ne deza ke prAcyavidyA para kArya karane vAle vidvAnoM kA dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai aura deza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM aba kitane hI risarca vidyArthiyoM dvArA zodha kArya kiyA jA rahA hai jo eka zubha sUcanA hai aura jisase ina bhaNDAroM meM saikar3oM varSoM se saMgrahIta granthoM kA upayoga honA prArambha ho gayA hai / rAjasthAna ke sabhI zAstra bhaNDAroM kA paricaya denA sambhava nahIM hai isalie pradeza ke kucha pramukha zAstra bhaNDAroM kA saMkSipta paricaya prastuta kiyA jA rahA hai / " (1) bRhada jJAna bhaNDAra, jaisalamera : vizva ke grantha bhaNDAroM meM jaisalamera ke isa jJAna bhaNDAra ko sarvAdhika prasiddhi prApta hai / prAcArya jinabhadrasUri ne ise saMvat 1497 (1440 e. DI. ) meM saMbhavanAtha mandira meM sthApita kiyA thA / yaha jJAna bhaNDAra kitane hI AcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM kI sAhityika gatividhiyoM kA kendra rhaa| inameM kamalasaMyama upAdhyAya (1487 e. DI. ) evaM samayasundara ( 17 vIM zatAbdi ) ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / karnala jemsaTADa, DA. vhUlara, DA. jekobI jaise pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne tathA muni haMsavijayajI, sI. DI. dalAla, muni puNyavijaya jaise bhAratIya vidvAnoM ne isa zAstra bhaNDAra kA avalokana kiyA thA / zrI sI. DI. dalAla, paM. lAlacandra, ma. gAMdhI evaM muni puNyavijayajI ne to apane isa bhaNDAra kI grantha sUcI taiyAra kI jo prakAzita bhI kI jA cukI hai| isa bhaNDAra meM tAr3a - patroM para likhe hue granthoM kI saMkhyA 804 hai jinameM sarvatolekha vAlI praudhaniyukti vRtti kI pANDulipi sabase prAcIna hai jo san 1060 kI likhI huI hai| vaise vizeSAvazyaka bhASya kI prati 10 vIM zatAbdI kI hai / * isake atirikta 12 vIM aura 13 vIM zatAbdI meM likhe hue granthoM kI saMkhyA kAphI acchI hai / jainAcAryoM dvArA nibaddha granthoM ke atirikta yahAM jainetara vidvAnoM kI kRtiyoM kI bhI prAcInatama pANDulipiyAM saMgrahIta / aisI pANDulipiyoM meM kuvalayamAlA, kAvya mImAMsA ( rAja zekhara) kAvyAdarza ( somezvara bhaTTa) kAvya prakAza (mammaTa) evaM zrI harSa kA naiSadhacarita ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / isI bhaNDAra meM vimalasUri ke paumacariya ( 1141 ),

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375 hitopadezAmRta ( 125 3) vasudevahiNDo, zAntinAtha carita (devacandrasUri), naiSadhaTIkA (vidyAdhara) mudrArAkSasa nATaka (vizAkhadatta), kI kucha aisI mahatvapUrNa pANDulipiyAM haiM jo anyatra nahIM miltii| ukta bhaNDAra ke atirikta jaisalamera meM (paMcAnoM zAstra bhaNDAra, baDA upAdhaya jJAna bhaNDAra), tapAgacchIya jJAna bhaNDAra, lokAgacchIya jJAna bhaNDAra, thArUsAha jJAna bhaNDAra aura haiM jinameM bhI hastalikhita pANDulipiyoM kA acchA saMgraha hai / (2) bhaTTArakIya grantha bhaNDAra, nAgaura (rAjasthAna) : nAgaura rAjasthAna ke prAcIna nagaroM meM se hai / prAcIna lekhoM meM isakA dUsarA nAma nAgapura evaM ahipura bhI milatA hai| nAgapura (nAgaura) kA sarva prathama ullekha jayasiMha sUri kI dharmopadezamAlA (9 vIM zatAbdI) meM milatA hai| 11 vIM zatAbdI meM jinavallabha sUri evaM jinadattasari ne yahAM vihAra kiyA thaa| 15 vIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle paM. medhAvI ne apane dharmopadeza zrAvakAcAra ( 1484) meM ise sapAdalakSa pradeza kA sarvAdhika sundara nagara mAnA hai| san 1524 meM bhaTTAraka ratnakIti ne yahAM bhadrArakIya gAdI ke sAtha hI eka vahada jJAna bhaNDAra kI sthApanA kI thii| zatAbdiyoM se nAgaura jainoM ke donoM hI saMpradAyoM kA pradhAna kendra banA rahA hai / zAstra bhaNDAra evaM bhaTTAraka gAdI kI sthApanA ke pazcAt yahAM kitane hI bhaTTAraka hue jinameM bhuvanakIrti (san 1529) dharmakIrti (san 1533) vizAlakIrti (san 1544) lakSmIcandra (san 1554) yazaHkoti (san 1615) bhAnukIrti (san 1633) ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| yahAM ke antima bhaTTAraka bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti the jinakA kucha hI varSa pahile svargavAsa huaA thA / hastalikhita granthoM ke saMgraha kI dRSTi se yaha bhaTTArakIya zAstra bhaNDAra atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai| yahAM karIba 14 hajAra pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha hai jinameM eka hajAra se adhika gaTake haiN| jinameM eka eka meM hI bIsoM paccIsoM laghu granthoM kA saMgraha hotA hai| bhaNDAra meM prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, hindI evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA meM nibaddha kRtiyoM kA uttama saMgraha hai, jo sabhI viSayoM se sambandhita hai| adhikAMza pANDulipiyAM 14 vIM zatAbdI se lekara 19 vIM zatAbdI taka kI hai jinase patA calatA hai ki gata 100 varSoM meM yahAM bahuta kama saMkhyA meM grantha likhe gye| prAkRta bhASA ke granthoM meM prAcArya kundakunda ke samayasAra kI yahAM sana 1303 kI pANDulipi haiM isI taraha mUlAcAra kI san 1338 kI pANDulipi hai| isI taraha apabhraMza kA yahAM vizAla sAhitya saMgrahAta hai| kucha anyatra anupalabdha granthoM meM varAMga cariu (tejapAla) vasudhIra cariu (zrI bhUSaNa) samyakatva kaumudI (harisiMha) NemiNAha cariu (dAmodara) ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / saMskRta evaM hindI bhASA kI bhI isI taraha saiMkar3oM pANDulipiyAM yahAM saMgrahIta haiM jinakA anyatra milanA durlabha sA hai| aisI racanAoM meM bhAukavi kA neminAtharAsa (16 vIM zatAbdI) jagarUpa kavi kA jagarUpavilAsa, kalha kI kRpaNapaccIsI, maNDalAcArya zrI bha SaNa kA sarasvatI lakSmI saMvAda, sukhadeva kA kriyAkoza bhASA, mAnasAgara kI vikramasena caupAI ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| 17 vIM evaM 18 vIM zatAbdI meM nibaddha lokapriya hindI kAvyoM kA yahAM acchA saMgraha hai / jayapura nagara ke zAstra bhaNDAra : jayapura nagara yadyapi prAcInatA kI dRSTi se 250 varSa se hI kama prAcIna hai lekina uttarI bhArata meM dehalI ke atirikta jayapura hI digambara jaina samAja kA pramukha kendra rahA hai aura

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376 isIlie 200 varSa pUrva bhAI rAyamalla ne ise jainapurI likhA thA / yaha nagara san 1727 meM mahArAjA savAI jayasiMha dvArA basAyA gayA thA / isase pUrva Amera yahAM kI rAjadhAnI thI / mahArAjA sAhitya evaM kalA ke atyadhika premI the / unhoMne eka rAjyakIya pothIkhAnA kI sthApanA kii| jayapura nagara basane ke sAtha hI yahAM sAMgAnera, Amera evaM anya sthAnoM meM hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM jaina bandhu Akara basa gae the / nagara nirmANa ke sAtha hI yahAM bar3e-bar3e mandiroM kA nirmANa huA aura unameM zAstroM ko virAjamAna kiyA gayA / yaha nagara 150 varSoM taka vidvAnoM kA sAre deza meM pramukha kendra ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai / yahAM eka ke pIche eka vidvAn ho gae / Aja kala jayapura nagara meM karIba 170 mandira va caityAlaya haiN| yadyapi sabhI mandiroM meM svAdhyAya nirmita hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha milatA hai lekina phira bhI 25 mandiroM meM to atyadhika mahatvapUrNa granthoM kA saMgraha hai / isameM mahAvIra bhavana sthita grAmera zAstra bhaNDAra, teraha panthI baDA mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, pATodI ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, pANDe lUNakaraNa jI kA mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, badhIcanda jI ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, TholiyoM ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, candraprabha sarasvatI bhaNDAra, lAla bhavana sthita vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra, kharataragaccha jJAna bhaMDAra, saMghIjI ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra, lazkara ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra Adi ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiM / grAmera kA zAstra bhaNDAra, pahile grAmera nagara ke sAMvalA ke mandira meM saMgrahIta thA lekina gata 25 varSoM se use mahAvIra bhavana jayapura meM sthAnAntarita kara diyA gayA isameM tIna hajAra se bhI adhika pANDulipiyAM haiM / apabhraMza ke granthoM ke saMgraha kI dRSTi se grAmera zAstra bhaNDAra atyadhika mahatvapUrNa bhaNDAra hai / pATodI ke mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM granthoM kI saMkhyA 2257 evaM 308 guTake haiN| isa bhaNDAra meM vaidika sAhitya kA bhI acchA saMgraha hai| saMvata 1354 meM nibaddha hindI ko prAdikAlIna kRti jiNadattacarita kI eka mAtra pANDulipi isI bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai / jayapura ke teraha paMthI baDA mandira meM bhI pANDulipiyoM kA mahatvapUrNa saMgraha milatA hai / jinakI saMkhyA tIna hajAra se bhI adhika hai| yahAM para paMcAstikAya kI pANDulipi sabase prAcIna hai jo san 1272 kI likhI huI hai / yaha dehalI meM bAdazAha gayAsuddIna balavana ke zAsana kAla meM likhI gayI thI / isI zAstra bhaNDAra meM Adi purANa kI do sacaritra pANDulipiyAM hai / saMvat 1597 (san 1540) kI hai jo kalA ko dRSTi se atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai| isa kelI pANDulipi meM sakar3oM citra haiM / baDe mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta, hindI evaM rAjasthAnI sabhI bhASAoM kI pANDulipi kA acchA saMgraha hai / gorakhanAtha, kabIra, bihArI, kezava, vRnda jaise jainetara kaviyoM kI hindI racanAoM kA apabhraMza bhASA ke kavi abdula rahamAna ke sandeza rAsaka evaM mahAkavi bhAravi ke 'kirAtArjunIya' para prakAza-varSa kI saMskRta TIkA kI pANDulipiyoM kA isa bhaNDAra meM ullekhanIya saMgraha hai / pAMDayA lUNakaraNajI kA zAstra bhaNDAra 18 vIM zatAbdi ke anta meM paMDita lUNakaraNa jI dvArA sthApita kiyA gayA thA / isa bhaNDAra meM unhIM ke dvArA likhI huI yazodharacarita kI eka pANDulipi hai jisakA lekhana kAla saMvat 1788 hai| pAMDejI jyotiSa, Ayurveda, maMtrAzAstra ke acche vidvAna the| unhoMne apanA pUrA jIvana svAdhyAya evaM jJAnArAdhanA meM samarpita kara diyA thaa| isa bhaNDAra meM 807 hastalikhita patrAkAra grantha evaM 225 guTake haiM jinameM mahatvapUrNa sAhitya saMkalita hai / saMvat 1407 meM lipibaddha pravacana sAra kI yahAM prAcInatama pANDulipi hai / isI taraha bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke yazodhara carita kI jo sacitra pANDulipi hai vaha kalA kI dRSTi se atyadhika mahatva - pUrNa hai / prArambha meM isameM pAMDe lUNakaraNa jI kA bhI citra hai / bhaNDAra kA pUrA saMgraha atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai|

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377 bAbA dulIcanda kA zAstra bhaNDAra bhI eka hI vyakti dvArA sthApita evaM saMkalita zAstra bhaNDAra hai, jisakI sthApanA san 1854 meM bAbA dulIcanda ne kI thI / ve pUnA jile ke nivAsI the lekina bAda meM jayapura grAkara rahane lage the / bhaNDAra meM 850 hastalikhita pratiyoM kA saMgraha | kucha pANDulipiyAM svayaM bAbA dulIcanda ne likhI thIM tathA zeSa grantha unhoMne vibhinna sthAnoM se saMgrahIta kiye the / dhIcanda jI ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra pANDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA kI dRSTi meM hI nahIM " kintu unakI prAcInatA evaM prajJAta granthoM kI dRSTi se bhI mahatvapUrNa hai / isameM 1278 pratiyoM kA saMgraha hai / jinameM mahAkavi svayambhU racita riTThaNomi cariu, sadhAru kavi kRta pradyumna carita ke nAma vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiM / bhaNDAra meM sakalakIrti chohala, ThakkurasI, jinadAsa, pUnoM evaM banArasI dAsa kI hindI racanAoM kA acchA saMgraha hai / TholiyoM ke mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM bhI 628 pANDulipiyAM evaM 125 guTake haiM / isa bhaNDAra meM hindI kRtiyoM kA acchA saMkalana hai jinameM bhaTTAraka zubhacanda ( 16vIM zatAbdI ), hemarAja ( 7vIM zatAbdI), raghunAtha ( 17 vIM zatAbdI ), brahma jinadAsa ( 15vIM zatAbdI), brahma jJAna sAgara ( 17vIM zatAbdI), padyanAbha ( 16 vIM zatAbdI) kI racanAyeM vizeSataH ullekhanIya haiN| ukta zAstra bhaNDAroM ke atirikta nagara meM aura bhI zAstra bhaNDAra haiM jinameM pANDulipiyoM kA nimna prakAra saMgraha hai : bhaNDAra kA nAma pANDulipiyoM kI saMkhyA (1) zrI candraprabha sarasvatI bhaNDAra ( 2 ) jobanera ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra (3) pArzvanAtha digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana ( 4 ) godhoM ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra (5) saMdhIjI ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra (6) di. jaina mandira lazkara ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra ( 7 ) nayA mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra ( 8 ) caudhariyoM ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra ( 9 ) kAlA chAbaDoM ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra ( 10 ) megharAja jI ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra ( 11 ) yazodAnanda jI ke mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra digambara jaina mandiroM evaM mahAvIra bhavana ke saMgraha ke atirikta yahAM lAla bhavana meM bhI hastalikhita granthoM kA mahatvapUrNa saMgraha hai / AcArya zrI vinaya candra jJAna bhaNDAra kI grantha sucI 830 340 558 718 979 828 150 108 410 249 398

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378 bhAga-1, kucha samaya pUrva prakAzita huI hai jinameM 3710 hastalikhita granthoM pratiyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| abhI bhaMDAra meM vizAla saMgraha hai jisake sUcIkaraNa kA kArya ho rahA hai aura isa prakAra kI aura bhI dasa graMtha sUciyAM prakAzita kI jA sakatI haiN| ukta bhaNDAra ke atirikta aura bhI kharataragacha jJAna bhaNDArAdi, zvetAmbara jaina mandiroM, upAsaroM meM granthoM kA saMgraha hai| abhI kacha samaya pUrva sva. muni zrI kAntisAgara jI kA saMgraha yahAM AyA hai jisakA abhI taka pUrA sUcIkaraNa nahIM ho sakA hai| bhaTTArakIya zAstra bhaNDAra, ajamera : ajamera rAjasthAna ke prAcInanatama nagaroM meM se hai| isakA pUrAnA nAma ajaya-mera darga thaa| isako sthApanA sAdalakSa ke rAjA ajayapAla cauhAna ne chaThI zatAbdI meM kI thii| jaisalamera ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM eka saMvat 1212 ko prazasti hai jisameM isa nagara ko ajayameru dUrga likhA hayA hai| yaha nagara bhI prArambha se hI deza ko rAjanaitika, sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika gatividhiyoM kA kendra rhaa| jaina dharma evaM sAhitya tathA saMskRti ke pracAra prasAra meM isa nagara kA mahatvapUrNa yogadAna rhaa| eka paTTAvalI ke anusAra sarvaprathama saMvat 1168 meM bhaTaTAraka vizAla kIti ne isa nagara meM bhaTTAraka gAdI kI sthApanA kI thii| isase patA calatA hai ki isake pUrva yahAM jaina sAhitya evaM saMskRti ko paryApta lokapriyatA prApta ho cuko thii| rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM isa nagara meM lipibaddha kI gayI anekoM pANDulipiyAM upalavya hotI hai| yahAM kA bhaTTArakIya zAstra bhaNDAra rAjasthAna ke prasiddha evaM mahatvapUrNa zAstra bhaNDAroM meM se hai| bar3e dhar3e ke mandira meM sthApita hone ke kAraNa ise digambara jaina mandira bar3A dhar3A kA zAstra bhaNDAra bhI kahA jAtA hai| yaha mandira eka dIrghakAla taka bhaTTArakoM kA kendra rhaa| saMvat 1770(1713) meM yahAM punaH vidhivata bhaTTAraka gAdI ko sthApanA kI gaI, jisakA varNana kavivara bakhatarAma sAha ne apane buddhivilAsa meM kiyA hai / bhaTTAraka vijaya-kIti taka yaha bhaNDAra sAhityika gatividhiyoM kA kendra banA rahA kyoMki bhaTTAraka vijaya-kIrti svayaM vidvAna hI nahI kitane hI granthoM ke racayitA bhI the| svayaM lekhaka ne disambara 1958 meM 2015 granthoM kA sUcI-patra banAyA tathA unheM pUrNa vyavasthita karake rakhA thaa| bhaNDAra meM mahApaNDita pAzAdhara (13 vIM zatAbdI) ke adhyAtma-rahasya ko eka mAtra pANDalipi saMgrahIta hai ise khoja nikAlane kA zreya sva. zrI jagalakizora jI makhatAra ko hai| isI taraha jItasAra samuccaya (vRSabhanandi), samAdhimaraNa mahotsava dIpikA (bhaTTAraka makalakIrti), citra bandhana stotra (medhAvo) jaisI saMskRta kRtiyoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| bhaNDAra meM prAkRta bhASA kI prasiddha kRti gomaTTasAra para eka prAkRta bhASA kI TIkA upalabdha huI hai| tejapAla kA pAsaNAha carita (apabhraMza) kI pANDulipi bhI isI bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai| isI taraha kucha anya mahatvapUrNa evaM prAcIna pANDa lipiyoM meM prabhAcandra kI prAtmAnazAsana TokA (saMvat 1580), malliSeNa kA nAgakumAra carita (saMvata 16751vIralAnda kA candraprabhakAvya (saMvat 1678), sakalakoti kA praznottara zrAvakAcAra (saMvat 1553), amitagati kI dharmaparIkSA (saMvat 1537) Adi bhI ullekhanIya pratiyAM hai| bharatapura pradeza (rAjasthAna) ke zAstra bhaNDAraH bharatapara pradeza hI pahile bharatapura rAjya kahalAtA thaa| isa pradeza kI bhami vraja bhami kAlAtI hai tathA DIga, kAmAM grAdi nagara rAjasthAna meM hone para bhI traja pradeza meM gine jAte haiN| rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI paMcama bhAga meM-isa bhaNDAra kI vistRta sUcI prakAzita ho cakI hai|

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379 yaha pradeza prAcIna kAla me hI jaina sAhitya evaM saMskRti kA kendra rhaa| 18vIM zatAbdI se yahAM kitane ho sAhityakAra hue jinhoMne hindI meM kAvya racanA karake apane pAMDitya kA paricaya diyA / isa pradeza meM mukhya rUpa se bharatapura, DIga, kAmAM, kumhera, vaira, bayAnA Adi sthAnoM meM zAstra bhaNDAra milate haiN| paMcAyatI mandira bharatapura meM sabase bar3A saMgraha hai. jinakI saMkhyA 800 se adhika hai|| isameM vRhada tapAgaccha paTTAvalI ko prati sabase prAcIna hai jo saMvat 1490 (san 1433) kI likhI huI hai| isI taraha apabhranza kI kRti saptavyasana kathA mahatvapUrNa kRti hai jo isa bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai| yaha mANikacandra ko racanA hai tathA saMvata 16 34 isakA racanAkAla haiN| prAkRta, saMskRta evaM hindI granthoM kI bhI yahAM acchI saMkhyA hai / bhaktAmara stotra kI eka sacitra prati hai jisame 51 citra hai tathA jo atyadhika kalApUrNa hai| yaha pANDulipi san 1769 kI hai| bharatapura ke hI eka anya mandira meM hastalikhita granthoM kA eka choTA sA saMgraha aura hai| Doga nagara ke tIna mandiroM meM granthoM kA saMgraha hai, isase patA calatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM granthoM ko likhane-likhAne ke prati janatA kI kAphI acchI ruci thI / sevArAma pATanI jo hindI ke acche kavi mAne jAte haiM, isI nagara ke the| unake dvArA racita mallinAtha carita (sana 1793) kI mUla pANDalipinyI DIga ke paMcAyatI mandira meM saMgraha ta hai| rAmacandrari dvArA viracita vikramacarita kI eka mahatvapUrNa prati bhI yahAM upalabdha hotI hai| jina gaNa vilAsa (racanA saMvata 1822) purAnI DIga ke mandira meM saMvat 182 3 ko pANDulipi milatI hai| bharatapura se kAmAM koI 40 mIla dUrI para sthita hai jo rAjasthAna ke prAcInatama nagaroM meM ginA jAtA hai| isa nagara kA khaNDelavAla digambara jaina mandira kA zAstra bhaNDAra prAcIna evaM mahatvapUrNa pANDa lipiyoM kI dRSTi se sAre pradeza ke bhaNDAroM meM ullekhanIya hai| daulatarAma ke putra jodharAja kAsalIvAla yahIM ke rahane vAle the| pravacanasAra evaM paMcAstikAya para prasiddha hindI vidvAna hemarAja dvArA saMvat 1719 va 1737 meM isI nagara meM pANDulipiyAM likhI gaI thiiN| isI taraha devaprabhasUri kA pAMDava caritra (saMvat 1454),prabhAcandra kRta prAtmAnazAsana kI TIkA (saMvata 1548) kA zuddha pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha bhI isI bhaNDAra meM milatA hai| yahAM bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kRta samayasAra kI TIkA kI eka pANDulipi hai jo anyatra nahIM miltii| isa zAstra bhaNDAra meM 578 pratiyoM kA saMgraha hai| nagara ke dUsare agravAla mandira meM 105 hastalikhita pratiyoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| bayAnA bhI rAjasthAna kA prAcIna nagara hai evaM bharatapura jile ke pramukha nagaroM meM se hai| do dazaka pUrva hI vahAM gapta kAla ke sikke mile the jinake AdhAra para isa nagara kI prAcInatA siddha hotI hai| yahAM paMcAyatI mandira evaM terahapaMthI mandira donoM meM hI zAstra bhaNDAra hai| donoM hI mandiroM meM 150-150 se bhI adhika pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha hai| vaira, jo bayAnA se 15 mIla pUrva kI pAra hai vahAM bhI eka digambara jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 120 hastalikhita pratiyoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna kA sarvAdhika lokapriya digambara jaina atizaya kSetra hai| gata 300 varSoM se yaha kSetra jaina sAhitya saMskRti kA kendra rahA hai aura yahAM para digambara bhaTTArakoM kI gAdI bhI hai / isa gAdI ke bhaTTAraka candrakIrti kA abhI kucha hI varSa pahile svargavAsa huA thaa| yahAM ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 400 se adhika pratiyAM haiM jinameM prAkRta, apabhraMza, saMskRta evaM hindI granthoM kA acchA saMgraha hai| ina granthoM kI sUcI rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI (prathama bhAga) meM prakAzita ho cukI hai| prAcIna pANDulipiyoM kA yahAM acchA saMgraha hai jinake AdhAra para itihAsa ke kitane hI navIna tathyoM kI jAnakArI milatI hai| 1. vistRta sUcI rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI paMcama bhAga meM dekhiye|

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380 bIkAnera ke zAstra bhaNDAra : bIkAnera nagara kI sthApanA sana 1488 meM bIkAjI dvArA kI gaI thii| isa nagara kA prArambha se hI rAjanaitika mahatva rahA hai| sAhitya kI dRSTi se bhI bIkAnera kI loka-priyatA rahI hai| akele bIkAnera zahara meM 1 lAkha se bhI adhika granthoM kA saMgraha milatA hai| inameM se 15 hajAra pANDulipiyAM to anUpa saMskRta lAyabrerI meM haiM aura zeSa 85 hajAra pANDalipiyAM nagara ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta haiN| hastalikhita granthoM kA itanA bhArI bhaNDAra jayapura ke atirikta rAjasthAna ke anyatra kisI nagara meM nahIM miltaa| ina bhaNDAroM meM prAcIna tathA svarNa evaM rajata kI syAhI dvArA likhe hae grantha bhI acchI saMkhyA meM milate haiN| bIkAnera nagara ke atirikta cUrU evaM saradArazahara meM bhI zAstra bhaNDAra haiN| bIkAnera meM sabase bar3A saMgraha abhaya jaina granthAlaya, rAjasthAna prAcyavidyA pratiSThAna evaM bar3e upAsare meM sthita vRhata jJAna bhaNDAra meM hai| inameM dAnasAgara bhaNDAra, mahimA-bhakti bhaNDAra, varddhamAna bhaNDAra, abhayasiMha bhaNDAra, jinaharSasUri bhaNDAra, bhuvana bhakti bhaNDAra, rAmacandra bhaNDAra aura maharacandra bhaNDAra ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| inake atirikta zrI pUjya jI kA bhaNDAra, jaina lakSmI mohana zAlA jJAna bhaNDAra, motIcanda jI khajAJcI saMgraha, kSamAkalyANajI kA jJAna bhaNDAra, chatI bAI ke upAsare kA bhaNDAra Adi ke nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai / inameM sabase prasiddha evaM mahatvapUrNa abhaya jaina granthAlaya hai jisameM akele meM karIba 60 hajAra pratiyAM saMgrahIta hai| yaha saMgraha sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahatvapUrNa hai / isa bhaNDAra kI sthApanA karIba 40 varSa pUrva huI thii| yahAM kAgaja ke atirikta tADapatra para bhI grantha milate haiN| itihAsa se sambandhita granthoM kA bhaNDAra meM uttama saMgraha haiN| jainAcAryoM evaM yatiyoM dvArA likhe hue saikar3oM patra bhI yahAM saMgrahIta haiN| bhaNDAra meM purAne citra, sacitra vijJaptiyAM, kapar3e ke paTTa, sikkoM evaM dAvAta para likhe hue patra saMgrahIta haiN| yaha bhaNDAra pUrNataH vyavasthita hai tathA sabhI grantha varNakramAnusAra rakhe hue haiN| isa granthA laya ke prabandhaka evaM svAmI zrI Aracandra nAhaTA hai jo svayaM bhI mahAna sAhitya sevI haiN| ukta saMgrahoM ke atirikta seThiyA pustakAlaya, govinda pustakAlaya, pAyacanda gaccha upAsarA kA saMgraha bhI ullekhanIya hai| ina sabhI meM pANDulipiyoM kA uttama saMgraha milatA hai| nagara meM kucha aura bhI hastalikhita bhaNDAra haiM / rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna ko zrI pUjya jI kA, u. jayacandajI kA, u. samIramalajI kA, motIcandajI khajAMcI grAdi kA 22000pratiyoM kA saMgraha bheMTa svarUpa diyA gayA hai| vAstava meM ina bhaNDAroM kI daSTi se bIkAnera kA atyadhika mahatva hai aura ise hama pANDulipiyoM kA nagara hI kaha sakate haiN| carU meM yati RddhikaraNajI kA zAstra bhaNDAra hai jisameM karIba 3800 pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha hai| yahAM pRthvIrAja rAsa, kAvya kaustubha (vaidya bhUSaNa), alaMkAra zekhara (kezava mizra) jaisI mahatvapUrNa pratiyoM kA saMgraha milatA hai / isI taraha saradArazahara kI terApanthI sabhA meM karIba 1500 pratiyoM kA saMgraha hai| jinameM amarasena rAsa, naiSadhIya TIkA kA uttama saMgraha hai| bIkAnera pradeza ke anya nagaroM meM zAstra bhaNDAroM kI upalabdhi nimna prakAra hotI hai: 1. yati sumera mala saMgraha, bhInAsara (rA. prA. vi. pra. ko pradAna) / 2. bahAdurasiMha bAMThiyA saMgraha, bhInAsara / 3. zvetAmbara terahapaMthI pustakAlaya, gaMgAzahara / 4. yati kizanalAla kA saMgraha, kAla / 5. kharataragaccha ke yati dulIcanda, sujAnagar3ha kA zAstra bhaNDAra / 6. surAnA pustakAlaya, cUrU / 7. zrIcanda gadahiyA saMgraha, saradArazahara /

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381 8. tArAcanda tAtera saMgraha, hanumAnagar3ha (vIrAyatana ko pradatta) / 9. vedoM kA pustakAlaya, ratanagar3ha / ukta zAstra bhaNDAroM meM bhAratIya sAhitya evaM saMskRti kA amUlya saMgraha bikharA hamA 2. jodhapura saMbhAga ke jJAna bhaNDAra : jodhapura rAjasthAna kI aitihAsika nagarI hai| isakI sthApanA rAThaur3a jodhAjI ne kI thii| isakI purAnI rAjadhAnI maNDaura thii| yahAM zvetAmbara jainiyoM kI adhikatA hai| vartamAna meM kaI mandira, dAdAvAr3iyAM, upAsare aura sthAnaka haiN| kaI mandiroM va upAsaroM meM jJAnabhaNDAra vidyamAna haiM jinameM sahasroM kI saMkhyA meM hastalikhita pANDulipiyAM upalabdha haiN| kesariyAnAthajI mandira meM sthita jJAnabhaNDAra meM lagabhaga 2000 pANDalipiyAM saMgrahIta haiM / inameM suracandra upAdhyAya racita sthalibhadra gaNamAlA kAvya Adi kI durlabha pANDa lipiyAM prApta haiN| koTar3I ke jJAnabhaNDAra meM lagabhaga eka hajAra pratiyAM aura jinayazassari jJAnabhaNDAra meM acchA sAhitya saMgrahIta hai| jayamala jJAnabhaNDAra, jainaratna pustakAlaya, maMgalacandrajI jJAnabhaNDAra Adi meM bhI acchA saMgraha hai| rAjasthAna rAjya sarakAra dvArA sthApita rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna kA makhya kAryAlaya yahAM hai| isa pratiSThAna kA vizAla hastalikhita granthAgAra hai| jisameM lagabhaga 45,000 hastalikhita pratiyAM surakSita haiN| inameM se lagabhaga 30,000 jaina pANDulipiyAM haiM / isa pratiSThAna meM aneka durlabha pratiyAM haiM jinakA aitihAsika, sAMskRtika evaM bhASAvaijJAnika dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva hai| isa pratiSThAna kI anya zAkhAeM bIkAnera, udayapura, cittaur3agar3ha, koTA, ToMka, jayapUra aura alavara meM sthita haiM jinameM lagabhaga 65,000 hastalikhita graMtha saMgrahIta haiN| rAjasthAnI zodha saMsthAna caupAsanI meM bhI 17 hajAra hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha hai| jodhapura ke atirikta anya sthAnoM para bhI hastalikhita graMthoM ko saMgraha karane kA kArya hA hai inameM pIpADa siTI kA jayamala jJAna bhaNDAra, yati caturavijayajI kA saMgraha, sojatasiTI kA raghanAtha jJAna bhaNDAra, pAlI sthita zrI pujyajI kA saMgraha, jaina sthAnaka, kharataragaccha va tapAgaccha mandira, upAsare ke bhaNDAra, bAlotarA kA yati mANaka candajI kA saMgraha, bAr3amera kA yati nemicandrajo kA saMgraha, ghANerAva kA himAcalasUri kA jJAna bhaNDAra, prosiyAM ke jaina vidyAlaya meM sthita bhaNDAra, phalaudI ke tIna choTe jJAnabhaNDAra, mer3atA kA paMcAyatI jJAna bhaNDAra, sirohI kA tapAgacchIya bhaNDAra, jAlaura kA muni kalyANavijayajI kA saMgraha, Ahora kA rAjendra suri kA jJAna bhaNDAra Adi ullekhanIya haiN| udayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra : rAjasthAna ke pazcimI bhAga meM udayapura, DUMgarapura, bAMsavAr3A, pratApagar3ha Adi pradezoM kA bhAga jaina saMskRti, sAhitya evaM purAtatva kI dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa pradeza mAnA jAtA hai| cittaur3a, sAgavAr3A, DUMgarapura, RSabhadeva jaise nagara jaina santoM ke kendra rahe haiN| ina nagaroM meM

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382 prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza evaM hindI kI kitanI hI racanAyeM racI gayIM, lipibaddha kI gayI evaM svAdhyAyArtha jana-jana meM vitarita kI gayIM / udayapura meM 9 jaina mandira haiM jinameM sabhI meM hastalikhita pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha milatA hai lekina sabase adhika evaM mahatvapUrNa grantha digambara jaina mandira saMbhavanAtha, khaNDelavAla jaina mandira, agravAla jaina mandira evaM goDIjI kA upAsarA meM saMgrahIta haiM / saMbhavanAtha mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 517 hastalikhita grantha haiM / sabase prAcIna pANDulipi san 1408 kI hai jo bhaTTotpala kI "laghu jAtaka" TIkA kI hai / yahA sakalakIrti rAsa kI bhI pANDulipi hai jisameM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kA jIvana vRtta diyA huA hai / agravAla digambara jaina mandira meM yadyapi karIba 400 grantha haiM lekina adhikAMza pANDulipiyAM prAcIna haiM / sabase prAcIna pUjyapAda kRta sarvArthasiddhi kI pANDulipi jisa para saMvat 1370 kA lekhana kAla diyA huA hai / isakI pratilipi yoginIpura meM kI gayI thI / isa bhaNDAra meM sabase adhika saMkhyA hindI granthoM kI hai / jinameM kalyANakIrti kRta cArudatta prabandha ( 1635 e. DI.), akalaMka yati rAsa ( jayakIrti san 1710), daulatarAma kAsalIvAla kRta jIvandhara carita ( saMvat 1805), ambikA rAsa ( bra. jinadAsa ) Adi ke nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya haiN| daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ne isI mandira meM baiTha kara jIvandhara narita kI racanA kI thI / isa bhaNDAra meM usakI eka mAtra pANDulipi saMgrahIta hai / 1 khaNDelavAla jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM karIba 200 pratiyAM haiM aura saMvat 1363 kI bhUpAla stavana kI pANDulipi hai / isI taraha gauDIjI ke mandira, upAsare meM karIba 625 pANDulipiyAM haiM 1 isa bhaNDAra meM grAgama zAstra, Ayurveda evaM jyotiSa Adi viSayoM ke granthoM kA acchA saMgraha hai / DUMgarapura rAjasthAna prAnta kA jilA mukhyAlaya hai / yaha pahile bAgar3a pradeza kA sarvAdhika prasiddha rAjya thA / jaina saMskRti kI dRSTi se yaha pradeza kA eka saMpanna kSetra rahA hai / 15vIM zatAbdI meM bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti evaM usake pazcAt hone vAle bhaTTArakoM kA yaha nagara pramukha kendra thA / sakalakIrti ne saMvata 1483 meM yahIM para bhaTTAraka gAdI kI sthApanA kI tha 1 sakalakIrti ke pazcAta hone vAle sabhI bhaTTArakoM ne apane granthoM meM DUMgarapura, giripura ke nAma kA bahuta ullekha kiyA hai / ina bhaTTArakoM meM bhuvanakIrti, jJAnabhUSaNa, vijayakIrti, zubhacandra Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / bra. jinadAsa ne apane prasiddha rAsa grantha rAmatItA rAsa kI samApti yahIM para saMvat 1508 meM kI thI / yahAM ke mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM 553 pratiyAM hai jinameM adhikAMza grantha atyadhika mahatvapUrNa hai / bhaNDAra meM candanamalayAgiri caupaI, prAdityavAra kathA evaM rAga rAginiyoM kI sacitra pANDulipiyAM haiM jo citrakalA evaM zailI ko dRSTi se atyadhika mahatvapUrNa haiM / kesariyAnAtha ke nAma se prasiddha 'RSabhadeva' jainoM kA atyadhika prAcIna evaM lokapriya tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai jahAM jaina evaM jaina bandhu prati varSa lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM prAte haiM / jaina jAti bhaTTArakoM kA yaha pramukha sthAna mAnA jAtA hai / yahAM unakI gAdI bhI sthApita hai yahAM kA zAstra bhaNDAra bhaTTAraka yazakIrti jaina sarasvatI bhavana ke nAma se prasiddha hai jisameM hastalikhita granthoM kI saMkhyA karIba 1100 se bhI adhika hai / 15vIM, 16vIM evaM 17vIM zatAbdI meM likhe hue granthoM kI saMkhyA sabase adhika hai jo bhaNDAra kI prAcInatA kI ora eka spaSTa saMketa hai / zAstra bhaNDAra meM rAjasthAnI, hindI evaM mevAr3I bhASA meM likhe hue grantha sarvAdhika hai jisase jJAta hotA hai ki ina granthoM ke saMgrahakartA ina bhASAoM ke premI rahe the / aise granthoM meM paddha kavi kA mahAvIra rAsa ( saMvat 1609), narasiMhapurA jAti rAsa, bha. ratanacandra kA zAnti nAtha purANa (saMvat 1783), bhaTTAraka mahIcandra kA lavakuza prAkhyAna zrAdi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / 1. granthoM kA vizeSa vivaraNa dekhiye- rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI grantha sUcI paMcama bhAga |

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283 sAgavAr3A bAgar3a pradeza kA pramukha nagara hai jo saikar3oM varSoM taka bhaTrArakoM kA prabhAva kendra rhaa| yahAM ke mandiroM meM vizAla evaM kalApUrNa mUrtiyAM virAjamAna haiM jo ina bhaTrArakoM dvArA pratiSThApita kI gayI thii| sAgavAr3A ko hama vizAla jaina mandiroM kA nagara bhI kaha sakate haiN| yahAM ko prAcInatA evaM bhaTTArakoM ke kendra sthAna kI dRSTi se zAstra bhaNDAra utanA mahatvapUrNa nahIM hai| phira bhI yahAM adhikAMza bhaTTArakoM ko kRtiyAM upalabdha haiN| koTA-bandI ke grantha bhaNDAra : koTA, bandI, jhAlAvAr3a hADautI pradeza ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| rAjasthAna meM isa pradeza kI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA kA itihAsa kAphI purAnA hai| jaina dharma evaM saMskRti ne isa pradeza ko kaba se gauravAnvita kiyA yaha abhI taka khoja kA viSaya banA huA hai| lekina bandI, naiNavA, jhAlarApATana kA jaina granthoM meM kAphI varNana milatA hai kyoMki ina nagaroM ne jaina saMskRti ke vikAsa meM khaba yoga diyA thaa| kharataragacchIya zAstra bhaNDAra, koTA meM 1177 hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha hai jo pramukhataH 15vIM, 16vIM evaM 17vIM zatAbdI meM likhe hue haiN| sabase prAcIna pANDalipi rAmalakSmaNa rAsa kI hai jo saMvat 1415 ko likhI huI hai| isI bhaNDAra meM hindI kI prasiddha kRti bIsaladeva cauhAna rAsa kI pANDulipi bhI upalabdha hai| isI prakAra mahopAdhyAya vinayamAgarajI kA saMgraha bhI ullekhanIya hai jisameM lagabhaga 1500 pANDulipiyAM prApta haiN| digambara jaina mandira bolasirI ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM karIba 735 hastapratiyoM kA bhI saMgraha hai| isa bhaNDAra ke saMgraha se patA calatA hai ki yahAM 18vIM zatAbdI meM hastalikhita granthoM kA sabase adhika saMgraha hayA thaa| sabase prAcIna pANDulipi bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kRta pANDavapurANa kI hai jo saMvata 1548 meM pratilipi kI gayI thii| zubhacandra kA palya vidhAna rAsa, bhaTTAraka narendrakIti kA candraprabhu svAmI vivAhalo (saMvat 1702) evaM muni sakalakIrti kI ravivrata kathA kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| bandI nagara meM digambara jaina mandira pArzvanAtha, AdinAtha, abhinandanasvAmI, mahAvIra evaM neminAtha ina sabhI mandiroM meM hastalikhita bhaNDAra upalabdha haiN| yadyapi inameM kisI meM bhI 500 se adhika pratiyAM nahIM haiN| lekina phira bhI yahAM ke zAstra bhaNDAra pUrNa rUpa se vyavasthita haipArzvanAtha mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM brahma jinadAsa ke rAmasItArAsa kI aba taka upalabdha pANDalipiyoM meM sabase purAnI pANDulipi hai jo saMvat 1518 kI likhI haI hai| isI taraha neminAtha (nAgadI) ke mandira meM racita mAdhavAnala prabandha kI saMvata 1594 kI prati hai| yahAM kavi bacarAja kI kRtiyoM kA acchA saMgraha hai jo anyatra nahIM miltii| jhAlarApATana meM ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana hai jisameM 1436 pANDalipiyAM saMgrahIta haiN| hastalikhita grantha saMskRta, prAkRta evaM hindI bhASA meM upalabdha haiM tathA siddhAnta. rANa kAvya, kathA, nyAya eva stotra prAdi viSayoM se sambandhita haiN| yaha bhaNDAra pUrNataH vyavasthita hai| nabI ke samAna naiNavA meM bhI prAyaH pratyeka mandira meM zAstra bhaNDAra haiM jo digambara jaina sarApanthI mandira evaM agravAla jaina mandira ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| ina bhaNDAroM meM pacAsoM aisI pANDulipiyAM haiM jo naNavA meM hI likhI gayI thiiN| sabase adhika pANDalipi 18vIM evaM 19vIM zatAbdI meM likhI gayI haiN| sabase acchA saMgraha bagheravAla mandira kA ke jisameM sAra sikhAmaNa rAsa (bhaTTAraka sakalakoti), brahma yazodhara kA neminAtha gIta (18 jota kA pancendriyagIta (16vIM zatAbdI) Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya hai|

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384 zAstra bhaNDAra dabalAnA eka choTA sA gAMva hai, yaha bUndI se pazcima kI ora dasa mIla sar3aka para sthita yahAM ke mandira meM bhI granthoM kA acchA saMgraha hai jinakI saMkhyA 416 hai / aisA mAlUma par3atA hai ki yaha bhaNDAra kisI digambara sAdhu (pANDe) kA thA jo usakI mRtyu ke pazcAta yahIM ke mandira meM sthApita kara diyA gyaa| isameM sabase prAcIna SaDAvazyaka bAlAvabodha kA hai jisakA lekhana kAla san 1464 kA hai| kie hue grantha haiM jinameM bUndI, naiNavA, goThar3A, sIsavAlI ke nAma ullekhanIya haiM / bhaNDAra meM rAjasthAna ke vibhinna nagaroM meM lipi indaragar3ha, jayapura, jodhapura, sAgavAr3A evaM indaragar3ha savAI mAdhopura se koTA jAne vAle relve lAina para sthita hai / yahAM ke pArzvanAtha mandira meM hastalikhita pANDulipiyoM kA bhaNDAra hai jisameM 289 hastalikhita granthoM kA saMgraha hai / inameM se adhikAMza grantha svAdhyAya meM kAma meM Ane vAle haiM /

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rAjasthAna ke jaina zilAlekha -rAmavallabha so nAno rAjasthAna se prApta zilAlekhoM meM jaina zilAlekhoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| ye lekha prAyaH mandiroM, mUrtiyoM, stambhoM, niSedhikAroM aura kIrtistambhoM para vizeSa rUpa se utkIrNa milate haiN| inake atirikta suraha lekha evaM caTTAnoM para khude lekha bhI kucha mile haiN| moTe taura para jaina lekhoM ko nimnAMkita pAMca bhAgoM meM bAMTa sakate haiM:-- (1) aitihAsika lekha, 2) mandiroM kI pratiSThA evaM vyavasthA sambandhI lekha, 3) yAtrA sambandhI vivaraNa, (4) matiyoM ke lekha, (5) niSedhikAroM aura kIrtistambhoM ke lekha / rAjasthAna se prApta lekhoM meM baDalI kA bahucarcita lekha prAcInatama mAnA jAtA hai, kintu isa lekha ke sambandha meM vibhinna vidvAnoM meM matabheda rahA hai| madhyamikA se eka khaNDita lekha milA hai jisameM 'saba jIvoM ko dayA ke nimitta' bhAvanA yukta kucha khaNDita graMza hai| ise jaina athavA bauddha lekha mAna sakate haiN| isake atirikta rAjasthAna se prAcInatama jaina lekha apekSAkRta kama mile haiM, yadyapi yahAM khyAti prApta prAcArya siddhasena divAkara, haribhadrasUri, udyotanasuri, elAcArya jaise vidvAna hue hai| sAhityika AdhAroM se yahAM kaI prAcIna mandiroM kI sthiti kA patA calatA hai kintu prAcInatama zilAlekhoM kA nahIM milanA ullekhanIya hai| mathurA prAcIna kAla se jaina dharma kA kendra sthala rahA hai| yahAM se jaina sAdhuoM ko dakSiNI bhArata athavA gujarAta meM jAne ke lie, ni:saMdeha rAjasthAna se hokara yAtrAeM karanI par3atI thIM kintu inake koI zilAlekha nahIM mile haiN| rAjasthAna se prApta jaina lekhoM kA vivecana isa prakAra hai:-- 1. aitihAsika lekha jaina zilAlekhoM kA aitihAsika mahatva atyadhika hai| prAcIna kAla se ho jainiyoM meM itihAsa likhane kI sudar3ha paramparA rahI hai| kAlagaNanA sambandhI jainiyoM kA jJAna ullekhanIya rahA hai| jaina vidvAnoM dvArA kiMcit prazastiyoM meM aitihAsika mahatva kI sAmagrI atyadhika pAI gaI hai| isa sambandha meM eka rocaka vRttAnta prastuta kiyA jA sakatA hai| vi. saM. 1330 kI cIravA kI prazasti evaM vi. saM. 1324 kI ghAghasA kI ajaina prazastiyoM kI racanA jaina vidvAna caitragacchAcArya ratnaprabhasUri ne kI thii| donoM prazastiyoM meM mevAr3a ke mahArANAoM ke sambandha meM kaI mahatvapUrNa sUcanAyeM dI gaI haiN| lagabhaga isI samaya vedazarmA nAmaka cittaur3a nivAsI brAhmaNa ne do prazastiyAM vi. saM. 1331 kI cittaur3a kI aura vi. saM. 1342 kI acalezvara mandira prAbU kI prazastiyAM bnaaiiN| donoM meM bhI mevAr3a ke rAjAroM kA varNana hai| ina donoM kI tulanA karane para patA calatA hai ki veda zarmA dvArA viracita prazastiyAM aitihAsika tathyoM se pare alaMkArika evaM paramparAgata varNana lie hue hI haiN|

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386 rAjasthAna se aitihAsika mahatva kI kaI jaina prazastiyAM milI haiN| ghaTiyAlA kA vi. saM. 918 kA lekha pUrA prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hai evaM isakA bhArata ke jaina lekhoM meM bar3A mahatva hai| isa lekha me pratihAra rAjavaMza kA varNana hai| isameM dI gaI vaMzAvalI vi.saM. 894 ke jodhapura abhilekha se bhI milatI hai| lekha kIrtistambha para utkIrNa hai| prosiyAM ke jaina mandira ke vi. saM. 1013 ke zilAlekha ke sAtaveM zloka meM pratihAra rAjA vatsarAja (8vIM zatAbdI) dvArA vahAM jaina pratimA sthApita karane kA ullekha hai| AhaDa ke jaina mandira ke 10vIM zatAbdI ke eka zilAlekha meM (jise maiMne anekAnta patra (dillI se prakAzita) meM sampAdita karake prakAzita karAyA hai) mevAr3a ke zAsaka allaTa dvArA pratihAra rAjA devapAla ke mArane kA ullekha milatA hai| lakulIza mandira ekaliMgajI ke rAjA naravAhana ke samaya ke zilAlekha vi. saM. 1028 meM zaivoM, bauddhoM aura jainoM ke madhya vAda-vivAda karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| digambara jaina paramparAoM se bhI isakI puSTi hotI hai| kASThAsaMgha kI lATa bAgar3a ko gurvAvalI ke anusAra prabhAcandra nAmaka sAdhu ko "vikaTazaivAdivRndavanadahanadAvAnala" kahA gayA hai| inake ukta rAjA naravAhana kI sabhA meM zAstrArtha karane kA bhI ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha eka mahatvapUrNa sUcanA hai| vastutaH ekaliMgajI se 2 mIla dUra "pAlAka pArzvanAtha kA mandira" nAgadA meM sthita hai| yaha digambara sampradAya kA 10voM zatAbdI kA banA huA hai| isameM 11vIM zatAbdI kA eka zilAlekha bhI mani kAntisAgarajI ne dekhA thA jisa unhAMne prakAzita bhI karAyA hai, lekina isa samaya aba kevala 13vIM zatAbdI ke zilAlekha hI upalabdha h| vi. saM. 1226 ke bijoliyA ke zilAlekha meM isa mandira kA viziSTa rUpa se ullekha hona se yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki usa samaya nAgadA eka digambara tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddhi pA cukA thaa| samasta tIrtha namaskAra, caityavandanA Adi granthoM meM bhI isakA isI rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ataeva pratIta hotA hai ki mevAr3a meM kaI sAdhu rahate hoMge aura unase hI zaivoM kA zAstrArtha huaA haagaa| prabhAcandra sAdhu bhI mevAr3a meM dIrghakAla taka rahe hoM to koI Azcarya nahIM / 11vIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa jaina dharma ko rAjyAzraya milanA zurU ho gayA thaa| digambaroM ke cittaur3a, nAgadA, kesariyAjI, bAgar3akSetra, hAr3autI, lADana, Amera, cATasU Adi makhya kendra the| zvetAmbaroM ke kendrasthala prosiyAM, kirADavAlI, pAba, jAlora Adi mukhya rUpa se the| mevAr3a meM zvetAmbara sAdhu bhI prabhAva bar3hAte jA rahe the| pazcimI rAjasthAna meM bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina zilAlekha mile hai| rAThaur3oM ke rAjyAzraya meM hastIkuNDo kA vi. saM. 1053 kA mahatvapUrNa jaina lekha khudavAyA gayA thaa| isameM kaI mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika sUcanAyeM dI gaI haiN| isameM paramAra rAjA muMja ke mevAr3a para AkramaNa karane aura AghATa ko khaNDita karane kA ullekha hai| isI lekha meM gujarAta ke rAjA dvArA dharaNIvarAha paramAra para AkramaNa karane aura usake haLUDI meM zaraNa lene kA ullekha hai| haThUDI aura sevAr3I goDavAr3a meM haiM aura jainiyoM ke tIrthasthaloM meM se eka haiN| sevAr3I se vi. saM. 1172 aura 1176 ke prasiddha jaina lekha mile| ina lekhoM ke avalokana se patA calatA hai ki rAThor3oM ke atirikta gahilota aura cauhAna bhI vyApaka rUpa se jaina mandiroM ke lie dAna dete A rahe the| inake dAnapatroM meM jo vaMza varNana diyA gayA hai vaha aitihAsika dRSTi se mahatvapUrNa hai| nADAla ke vi. saM. 1218 aura nADalAI ke bhI vi. saM. 1218 ke tAmrapatra isI kAraNa bahuta hI prasiddha haiN| 2. mandiroM kI pratiSThA evaM vyavasthA sambandhI lekha prAyaH mandiroM kI vyavasthA goSThikoM dvArA kI jAtI thii| ina goSThikoM kA canAva samAja ke pratinidhi vyakti athavA mandira banAne vAle yA usake nikaTa parivAra ke sadasya karate the| inheM mandira kI Aya, vyavasthA, vyaya, pUjA-pratiSThA, sthAyI sampatti kI prApti

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387 ke aura bikrI, byAja para pUMjI niyojana Adi kA pUrNa adhikAra rahatA thA / vi. saM. 1287 Shahar hI ke lekha se patA calatA hai ki maMtrI vastupAla tejapAla ne apane sabhI nikaTa sambandhiyoM ko pUjA sambandhI vistRta adhikAra die the / ratnapura ke zilAlekha se patA calatA hai ki goSThikoM kI saMsthA ko "bhATaka" saMsthA bhI kahate the / vi. saM. 1235 ke saccikA devI ke mandira ke zilAlekha meM "saccikAdevI goSThikAn bhagitvA tatsamakSata iyaM vyavasthA likhApitaM " evaM sevAr3I ke vi. saM. 1192 ke lekha meM "goSThyA militvA niSedhIkRtaH' kahakara vyavasthA kI gaI hai| aise hI varNana vi. saM. 1236 ke sAMDerAva ke lekha meM hai / " mandiroM kI vyavasthA ke lie kaI dAna dene kA bhI ullekha hai / inameM pUjA ke atirikta vArSika utsava, rathayAtrA Adi ke lie bhI vyavasthA karAne kA ullekha hai / inake atirikta kaI bAra kara lagAne ke bhI ullekha milate haiM jinakI Aya sIdhI mandira ko milatI thI / inameM se kucha kA varNana isa prakAra hai: vi. saM. 1167 ke sevAr3I ke zilAlekha meM mahArAja prazvarAja dvArA dharmanAtha deva kI pUjA ke nimitta grAma padarADA, meMdaracA, chochar3iyA aura mAdar3I se prati rahaTa java dene kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / vi. saM. 1172 ke isI sthAna ke lekha meM jaina mandira ke nimitta prati varSa 8 dramma dene kA ullekha hai / vi. saM. 1198 ke nADalAI ke lekha meM mahArAja rAyapAla ke do putroM aura usakI patnI dvArA jaina yatiyoM ke liye prati ghANI do pallikA tela dene kI vyavasthA kI sUcanA milatI hai / vi. saM. 1187 ke saMDeragaccha ke mahAvIra dezI caitya ke nimitta morA gAma meM prati ghANI tela dene kA isI prakAra ullekha milatA hai / vi. saM. 1195 ke lekha meM, hila vaMzIya rAUla uddharaNa ke putra Thakkura rAjadeva dvArA neminAtha kI pUjA nimitta nADalAI meM Ane-jAne vAle samasta bhAravAhaka vRSabhoM se hone vAlI Aya kA 1.10 bhAga dene kA ullekha hai / vi. saM. 1200 ke nADalAI ke lekha meM ratha yAtrA ke nimitta ukta rAjadeva dvArA 1 vizoSaka aura 2 tela pallikA dene kA ullekha hai / vi. saM. 1200 ke bAlI zilAlekha meM isI prakAra ratha yAtrotsava ke lie 4 dramma dene kI sUcanA dI gaI hai / vi. saM. 1202 ke nADalAI ke lekha ke anusAra ukta rAjadeva guhilota dvArA mahAvIra caitya ke sAdhuoM ke lie dAna diyA gayA thA / vi. saM. 1218 ke tAmrapatra meM saMDeragaccha ke mahAvIra caitya ke lie pratimAsa 5 dramma dAna meM dene kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / vi. saM. 1218 ke nADalAI ke tAmrapatroM meM kItu cauhAna dvArA 12 grAmoM meM pratyeka se 2 dramma mahAvIra mandira ke nimitta dAna meM dene kA ullekha hai / vi. saM. 1221 ke kalhaNa ke sAMDerAva ke lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki caitra badi 13 ko hone vAle bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kalyANaka mahotsava ke nimitta rAjakIya prAya meM se dAna dene kA ullekha hai / isI prakAra ke ullekha daMtANI ke vi. saM. 1345, haTaMDI ke pAsa sthita rAtA mahAvIra mandira ke saM. 1335, 1336 aura vi. saM. 1345 ke lekhoM meM hai / cAcigadeva sonagarA ne mevAr3a ke kareDA mandira ke nimitta nADola kI maMDapikA se dAna diyA isakA ullekha usane vi. saM. 1326 ke zilAlekha meM kiyA / yaha mandira usakI rAjya ke sImAoM meM nahIM thA phira bhI dAna denA vicAraNIya hai / thA / jAlaura kSetra se bhI isa prakAra ke kaI lekha mila cuke haiN| vahAM se prApta vi. saM. 1320 ke eka zilAlekha ke anusAra nAnakIyagaccha ke candana-vihAra nAmaka mandira ke nimitta lakSmIdhara zreSThi ne 100 dramma dAna meM die the / jisakI Aya meM se niyamita rUpa se grAsoja mAsa ke praSTAnhika mahotsava karAe jAne kI vyavasthA karAne kA ullekha hai / vi. saM. 1323 ke isI mandira ke lekha ke anusAra mahaM. narapati ne 50 dramma dAna meM die the bhAya se mandira ke lie necaka ( mAlA) kI vyavasthA karAne kA ullekha hai / jisake byAja kI /

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388 cittaur3a se vi. saM. 1335 kA eka zilAlekha milA hai| isameM bhartR purIya gacchIya prAcArya pradyamnasari ke upadeza se mahArAvala samarasiMha ne apanI mAtA jayatalladevI kI iccha nusAra zyAma pArzvanAtha kA mandira banAyA evaM maTha kI vyavasthA ke lie paryApta rAzi dAna meM dii| cittaur3a, sajjanapura, khohara, pAghATa Adi kI maMDapikAnoM se hone vAlI Aya meM se paryApta rAzi dene kA ullekha milatA hai / bijoliyA kSetra meM digambara jainoM kA adhika prabhAva rahA thaa| vahAM se do prasiddha lekha mile haiN| pahalA lekha vi. saM. 1226 kA hai| isameM cauhAnoM kI vistRta vaMzAvalI dI huI hai| yaha vaMzAvalI harSanAtha ke vi. saM. 1030 ke zilAlekha aura pRthvIrAja vijaya kAvya se milatI hai aura prAmANika hai| isI sAmagrI se pRthvIrAja rAso nAmaka grantha ko jAlI siddha karane meM sahAyatA milI hai| dUsarA lekha "unnata zikhara purANa" kA aMza hai| ise maiMne anekAnta meM saMpAdita karake prakAzita karAyA hai| cittaur3a se paramAra rAjA naravarmA ke samaya kA lekha milA hai| isa lekha ke prArambha meM mAlave ke paramAra rAjAoM kI vaMzAvalI dI haI hai| isameM cittaur3a meM sthApita vidhicaitya ke lie dAna dene kI vyavasthA bhI kI gaI hai| cittaur3a se hI vi. saM. 1207 kI kumArapAla kI zivamandira kI prazasti milI hai| isakI racanA digambara jaina vidvAna rAmakIrti ne kI thI jo jayakIrti ke ziSya the| isa lekha meM kumArapAla ke zAkambharI jItane kI mahatvapUrNa sUcanA hai / 13vIM zatAbdI meM rAjasthAna meM prAbU, cittaur3a, jAlaura, gaur3avADa Adi kSetroM meM mahatvapUrNa nirmANa kArya hayA thaa| Aba meM prasiddha 'laNiga vasahI" nAmaka jaina mandira banA thaa| isake vi. saM. 1287 ke zilAlekha meM kaI mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika sUcanAeM haiN| isameM gujarAta ke zAsakoM aura AbU ke paramAroM kI vistRta vaMzAvalI dI huI hai evaM kaI rAjAoM kA vistRta vaMzavRkSa bhI diyA haA hai| yaha mandira paramAra rAjA somasiMha ke samaya banA thaa| isakI mAM zrRMgAradevI bhI jaina dharma ro prabhAvita thii| jhADolI ke vi. saM. 1255 ke jaina mandira ke lekha meM isakA ullekha bhI kiyA huaA hai| vi. saM. 1350 kA paramAra rAjA vIsaladeva kA AbU se prApta mahatvapUrNa lekha hai| isa rAjA ke 4 anya jaina lekha vi. saM. 1345 se 1351 taka ke bhI mile haiN| prAba ke antima paramAra zAsakoM ke sambandha meM jAnakArI dene vAle ye lekha mahatvapUrNa haiN| vastutaH vi. saM. 1344 ke pATanArAyaNa ke lekha ke bAda prAba meM paramAroM ke sambandha meM kramabaddha sUcanA nahIM milatI hai| ataeva yaha lekha bhI mahatvapUrNa hai| nADola ke cauhAnoM aura jAlora ke sonagaroM ke sambandha meM sUr3hA pahAr3a kA mahatvapUrNa zilAlekha milA hai| isa lekha ke mAdhyama se inakI vistRta vaMzAvalI taiyAra kI gaI hai| sonagaroM ke bace hue rAjAoM ke nAmoM kI vistRta sUcI vi. saM. 1378 ke delavAr3A ke vimala vasahI ke lekha meM hai| __allAuddIna khilajI ne prAba ke jaina mandiroM ko vidhvaMsa kiyA thA aura unakA jIrNoddhAra vi. saM. 1378 ke AsapAsa maNDora ke jaina zreSThi parivAroM ne karAyA thaa| saiNavA (jilA cittaur3a) aura gaMgarAra (jilA cittaur3a) se bhI vi. saM. 1372 aura vi. saM. 1389 taka ke kaI digambara jaina lekha mile haiN| ye lekha prAyaH niSedhikAroM ke haiN| ina lekhoM se patA lagatA hai ki allAuddIna ke AkramaNa ke bAda kucha dinoM meM vahAM sthiti meM parivartanapA gayA thA aura jaina sAdhu vApasa vahAM Akara rahane laga gae the| jaisalamera meM bhI allAuddIna kA AkramaNa huA thaa| isa AkramaNa ke sambandha meM phArasI tavArIkheM prAyaH mauna haiM aura eka mAtra sUcanA vahAM ke jaina mandiroM kI prazastiyoM se hI milatI hai| allAuddIna ke AkramaNa ke bAda rAjasthAna meM kaI mahatvapUrNa parivartana hue haiN| mevAr3a ke sisodiyoM kA udaya eka mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika ghaTanA hai| inake rAjya meM zvetAmbara jainiyoM

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389 kA bar3A abhyudaya huaa| devakulapATaka (delavAr3A), cittaur3a aura kareDA meM kaI mandira bne| yahAM se kaI zilAlekha, grantha, prazastiyAM Adi milI haiN| ina lekhoM meM vi. saM. 1495 kA cittaur3a vi. sa. 1496 kA rANakapura kA zilAlekha mukhya hai| rANakapUra kA zilAlekha mevAr3a itihAsa ke lie bahuta hI upayogI hai| maiMne "mahArANA kumbhA" pustaka meM isa para vistAra se likhA hai| zatrunjaya kA jIrNoddhAra cittaur3a ke jaina zreSThi tolAzAha ne karAyA 'thaa| isakA eka zilAlekha vi.saM. 1587 kA milA hai| isameM prArambha meM mevAr3a ke rAjavaMza kA varNana Adi kA ullekha hai| bAgaDa pradeza bhI mevAr3a kI taraha jaina dharma kA pramukha kendra rahA thaa| yahAM se Upara gAMva kI vi. saM. 1461 kI eka mahatvapUrNa prazasti milI hai jise maiMne "anekAnta" meM prakAzita bhI karAI hai| isameM prathama bAra bAgaDa ke zAsakoM para prAmANika sAmagrI prakAzita huI hai / isa prakAra madhyakAla meM aura bhI kaI lekha mile haiM / mahatA nainasI aura usake pitA jayamala ke jAlaura, phalodI aura nADola ke lekha, thAharuzAha bhaNazAlI ke jaisalamera evaM lodravA ke lekha, mohanadAsa maMtrI parivAra ke AmeTa Adi ke lekha haiN| isa prakAra kaI mahatvapUrNa sAmagrI jaina lekhoM se prApta huI hai| ina zilAlekhoM kA krama isa prakAra se milatA hai| prArambha meM jaina tIrtha karoM kI stuti, aura bAda meM sarasvatI Adi kI vandanA bhI dI gaI hai| isake bAda rAjavaMza varNana rahatA hai| bAbU kI lUNiga vasahI kI prazasti meM pahale zreSThi parivAra kA varNana hai aura rAjavaMza varNana bAda meM diyA gayA hai, kintu adhikAMza lekhoM meM rAjavaMza varNana ke bAda hI zreSThi vaMza varNana rahatA hai| zreSThi vaMza ke bAda sAdhuoM ke gaccha, paramparA Adi kA varNana rahatA hai, kintu kahIM-kahIM zreSThi vaMza ke pUrva bhI sAdhuoM kA varNana diyA gayA hai| aMta meM prazastikAra kA varNana, khodane vAle, likhane vAle Adi kA ullekha rahatA hai| suraha lekhoM meM paramparA isase kucha bhinna hotI hai| ye dAnapatra ke rUpa meM hote haiN| isameM prAyaH na to rAjA kA vaMza varNana rahatA hai aura na jaina sAdhanoM kaa| isameM kevala rAjA vizeSa dvArA diye gaye dAna grAdi kA ullekha rahatA hai| agara bhami dAna meM deM to bhUmi kI sImAyeM bhI aMkita rahatI haiN| anya dAna pana hogA to usameM vizeSa prayojana kA bhI ullekha hogaa| 3. yAtrA sambandhI vivaraNa yAtrA sambandhI vivaraNa prAyaH do prakAra ke milate haiN| kucha vivaraNa saMgha yAtrAoM ke haiM jo makhya-makhya tIrthoM, jaise prAva, rANakapUra, cittauDa, kesariyAjI grAdi sthAnoM para yAtrArtha jAne ke haiN| ye yAtrI bhArata ke anya jaina-tIrthoM kI yAtrA karate-karate rAjasthAna meM bhI pAye pratIta hote haiN| dUsare vivaraNa una yAtriyoM se sambandhita haiM jo akele hI yAtrA karate the| saMgha yAtrAnoM ke vizada varNana milate haiN| vastupAla tejapAla dvArA saMgha nikAlakara yAtrA para jAne kA varNana bahuta hI vistAra se milatA hai| cittauDa ke vi. saM. 1495 ke zilAlekha meM zreSThi guNarAja dvArA saMgha yAtrA nikAlane yAdi ke varNana hai| isa yAtrA meM rANakapUra maMdira ke nirmAtA zreSTha dharaNA bhI sammilita huA thaa| mAlave se Aye saMghayAtrI jasavIra ko mahArANA kumbhA ne tilaka lagAyA aura sammAnita kiyA thaa| AbU meM saMgha yAtrAoM ke kaI zilAlekha lage haiN| vi. saM. 1358 jeTha sUdi 5 ke lekha meM lakhAvI ke saMgha kI yAtrA kI sUcanA dI gaI hai| vi. saM. 1378 meM raNastambhapura ke vistRta saMgha ke vahAM pAne kA ullekha bhI zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai| isI prakAra vi. saM. 1503 meM canderI se saMgha ke pAne kI sUcanA milatI hai| rAjasthAna meM aise saMgha yAtrA sambandhI kaI aura lekha mile haiN| inase jJAta hotA hai ki rAjasthAna meM zreSThigaNa

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390 apane dharma sthAnoM kI yAtrAoM para prAyaH jAyA karate the| unake sAtha jaina sAdhu bhI hote the| prAcArya somasundarasUri, hIravijayasUri Adi ne kaI ullekhanIya saMgha yAtrAyeM karAI thiiN| mUrtilekha rAjasthAna se zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM hI sampradAyoM kI asaMkhya mUrtiyAM lekhayukta milatI haiN| ye lekha prAyaH tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAoM para utkIrNa milate haiM kintu, kahIM- kahIM prAcAryoM kI pratimAoM, jIvantasvAmI kI pratimAnoM, jaina sarasvatI, ambikAdevI, saccikA devI prAdi kI pratimAoM para bhI lekha milate haiN| 10vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva kI lekha yakta pratimAyeM atyalpa haiN| 10vIM zatAbdI se bar3I saMkhyA meM mUrtiyAM milatI haiN| ausiyAM ke maMdira meM vi. saM. 1040 meM pratiSThApita pratimA virAjamAna hai| amarasara se khudAI meM pratimAoM meM saMvat 1063, 1104, 1112, 1129, 1136 aura 1160 kI pratimAyeM milI haiN| isI prakAra bagherA se khudAI meM prApta pratimAyeM bhI 11vIM aura 12vIM zatAbdI kI hai| rUpanagar3ha se prApta pratimAyeM bhI isI kAla kI haiN| sAMcora meM vizAlakAya pItalamaya mati vi. saM. 1134 meM pratiSThita kI gaI thI jo vi. saM. 1562 meM prAba meM lAI gaI thii| vi.saM. 1102 meM pAbU meM salAvaToM ne apanI aora se jina pratimA nirmita karAke pratiSThita karAI thii| ina matiyoM kI pratiSThAyeM vizeSa prAcAryoM dvArA karAI jAtI thiiN| digambaroM dvArA mati pratiSThAnoM meM mojamAvAda meM vi.saM.1664 meM, cAMda kheDI khAnapura meM vi.saM. 1746 meM, bAMsakhoM meM vi.sa. 1783 meM, savAI mAdhopura meM vi.saM. 1826 meM huI pratiSThAnoM ke samaya bar3I saMkhyA meM mUrtiyAM aura yaMtra pratiSThApita huye the| vi. saM. 1508 meM nADola meM mahArANA kuMbhA ke samaya jaba pratiSThA haI thI taba bhI kaI pratimAoM kI pratiSThA karAI gaI thI, jo bAda meM kuMbhalagar3ha, devakula pATana Adi sthAnoM ko bhejI gaI thii| ina mUrti lekhoM se kaI rocaka vRttAnta bhI milate haiN| jaise vi. saM. 1483 ke jIrApallI ke lekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki isa varSa vahAM 4 gacchoM ke baDe-baDe prAcAryoM ne eka sAtha caumAsA kiyA thaa| vi. saM. 1592 ke bIkAnera ke zilAlekha se vahAM kAmarAM ke AkramaNa kI sUcanA dI gaI hai jo mahatvapUrNa hai| kaI bAra jaina pratimAyeM eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para le jAI gaI thiiN| vi. saM. 1408 DasthalA meM pratiSThita pratimAyeM prAba le jAyI gaI jo Ajakala vimala vasahI meM mukhya mandira ke bAhara laga rahI hai| isI prakAra vi. saM. 1518 meM kumbhalagar3ha meM mahArANA kumbhA ke rAjya meM pratiSThita pratimA vi.saM. 1566 meM acalagaDha le pAI gaI thiiN| maMtrI karmacandra akabara se svIkRti lekara sirohI aura AbU kSetra kI kaI pratimAyeM dehalI se bIkAnera le gayA thaa| tIrtha karoM kI pratimAnoM ke atirikta jIvanta svAmI kI pItalamayI pratimAyeM bahuta hI prakAza meM AI haiN| 10vIM zatAbdI kI lekhayukta eka sundara patthara kI pratimAM saradAra myujiyama jodhapura meM bhI hai| prAcAryoM kI pratimAyeM 10 vIM zatAbdI se hI milanI zurU ho jAtI haiN| lekhayukta pratimAyeM sAMDe rAva, devakula pATaka Adi kaI sthAnoM para upalabdha haiN| prAcAryoM kI pratimAnoM ke sthAna para cAraNa pAdukAyeM bhI banAI jAtI thiiN| jayapura se 2 mIla dUra purAne ghATa para digambara prAcAryoM se sambandhita vi.saM. 1217 kA zilAlekha hAla hI meM maine prakAzita karAyA hai| isameM bhI lekha ke eka aura caraNa pAdukA banI hai| isa lekha se grAmara aura jayapura kSetra meM digambara jainoM ke 10 vIM zatAbdI meM astitva hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| ina tiyoM ke atirikta kaI paTTa, yantra Adi bhI lekhayukta milate haiN| anya deviyoM ke sAtha sarasvatI devI kI upAsanA jainiyoM meM vizeSa rahI pratIta hotI hai / citra kalA meM isakA aMkana bahuta hI adhika hai| mUrtiyoM meM pallu kI jaina sarasvatI pratimAyeM bar3I prasiddha haiN| vi. saM. 1202 ko lekhayukta sarasvatI pratimA nareNA ke jaMna

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391 mandira meM hai| isI prakAra vi. saM. 1219 kI lekha yukta pratimA lADanU ke digambara jaina mandira meM hai| isI prakAra jaina zreSThiyoM yA upAsakoM kI mUrtiyAM bhI milatI haiN| prAba ke vimalavasahI ke sabhA maNDapa meM vi. saM. 1378 meM jIrNoddhAra karAne vAle parivAra kI pratimAyeM banI haI haiN| isI mandira meM kumArapAla ke maMtrI kapardi ke mAM kI pratimA vi.saM. 1226 ke lekha yukta vahAM laga rahI hai| va samasAmayika, sAmAjika, Arthika aura dhArmika sthiti ke adhyayana ke liye bahuta hI upayogI haiN| inameM zreSThiyoM ke vaMzoM kA vistRta varNana, unake pUrvajoM dvArA samaya-samaya para karAye gaye dhArmika kAryoM kA vivaraNa Adi rahatA hai| zreSThiyoM ke Age bhaMDArI, vyavahArI, mahattara, maMtrI, zreSTha, zAha, Thakkura, goSThika, saMghapati Adi kaI zabda bhI milate haiN| Aba ke pittalahara maMdira meM vi. saM. 1225 ke lekha meM zreSTha rAmadAsa ko rAjAdhirAja upAdhi yukta likhA hai| yaha padavI use gujarAta ke sultAna dvArA dI gaI thii| gujarAta ke sultAna ne cittaur3a ke jaina zreSThi guNarAja ko sanmAnita kiyA thA / ina lekhoM meM khaMDelavAla, agravAla, dharkaTa, poravAla, pallIvAla,zrImAla, prosavAla, bagheravAla Adi ke ullekha vizeSa rUpa se milate haiN| kucha brAhmaNoM dvArA jaina pratimAyeM banAne ke bhI rocaka vatAnta milate haiN| DaMgarapura se 15vIM zatAbdI ke kaI zreSThiyoM ne viSNu kI pratimAya banAI thiiN| mUrtiyoM ke lekhoM se hI candrAvatI ke va maMDora ke jaina zreSThiyoM Adi ke bAre meM jAnakArI milI hai| ye lekha nahIM hote to kavIndra bandhu yazovIra, nAgapuriyA, bAhaDiyA parivAra tathA devakula pATaka ke jaina parivAroM ke bAre meM hamAre pAsa sUcanA nahIM ke barAbara hotii| 5. niSedhikAoM aura kIrtistambhI ke lekha niSedhikAoM aura kIrtistambhoM ke lekha apekSAkRta kama milate haiN| niSedhikAroM ke prAcInatama lekha rAjasthAna se sambhavataH rUpanagaDha se 10vIM zatAbdI ke mile haiN| 14vIM zatAbdI ke bAda se aise lekha adhika saMkhyA meM milate hai| citaur3a ke pAsa gaMgarAra, saiNavA aura bijauliyA se jo lekha mile haiM ye ullekhanIya hai| inameM prAcArya yA ArthikA jo maraga-samAdhi letI hai usakA mAma aura usake pUrva-prAcAryoM kI paramparA kA ullekha rahatA hai| kIrtistambhoM ke lekhoM meM vi. saM. 918 kA ghaTiyAlA lekha aura cittaur3a ke jaina kortistambha sambandhI zilAlekha ullekhanIya hai| ghaTiyAlA kA pUrA lekha prAkRta meM hai aura bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa hai| cittaur3a ke kIrtistambha se sambandhita 3 zilAlekha hAla hI meM maiMne anekAnta meM prakAzita karAye haiN| yaha kIrtistambha 13 vIM zatAbdI meM bagheravAla zreSTha jIjA ne zuru karAyA thA jisakI pratiSThA usake putra pUrNasiMha ne kI thii| ise mANastambha kahA gayA hai| isI prakAra paTTAvalI stambha bhI banate haiN| vi. saM. 1706 kA paTTAvalI stambha lekhayukta cAkasU ke jaina mandira kA Amera meM laga rahA hai| zilAlekhoM kI vizeSatAeM jaina lekhoM kI zailI bhI ullekhanIya hai| mandira ko pratiSThA meM prAyaHprArambha meM tIrthaMkaroM kI stuti, rAjavaMza varNana, vaMza varNana Adi rahatA hai| mUrti lekha isase kucha bhinna hote haiN| inameM saMvat aura usake bAda zreSThi varga kA nAma aura usake vaza kA varNana, usake bAda bimba kA ullekha aura pratiSThA karane vAle sAdhu kA prAyaH varNana rahatA hai| ina lekhoM se jaina dharma ko jo rAjyAzraya milA usakI pUrNa sUcanA milatI hai| vi.saM. 1372 aura 1373 ke mahArAvalalakA ke aura vi.saM. 1506 ke mahArANA kumbhA ke lekhoM se sUcita hotA hai ki AbU para Ane vAle yAtriyoM se liye jAne vAle karoM kI chuTa thii| barakANA ke jaina mandira meM mahArAjA jagatasiMha prathama aura jagatasiMha dvitIya ke zilAlekha meM isI prakAra vahAM lagane vAle mele ke liye kucha vizeSa riyAyateM dene ke ullekha haiM / kesariyAjI ke mandira ke bAhara bhI kaI suspaSTa lekha laga rahe hai jinameM 2 bhIloM aura mevAr3a ke mahArANA ke madhya samajhaute kI pratilipi khadI haI hai|

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jaina lekhana kalA -bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA gajarAta kI yaha kahAvata sarvathA satya hai ki sarasvatI kA pIhara jainoM ke yahAM hai| bhagavAna RSabhadeva hI mAnava saMskRti ke janaka the, unhoMne hI paramparAgata yugalika dharma ko haTAkara karmabhUmi ke asi, masi aura kRSi lakSaNa ko sArthaka kiyaa| samasta jJAna-vijJAna, kalA-kauzala, dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ke ve prathama zikSaka Adi puruSa hone se unheM AdinAtha kahA jAtA hai| sarvaprathama bhagavAna RSabhadeva ne apanI putrI brAhmI ko lekhana-kalA lipivijJAna sikhAyA, isI se usakA nAma brAhmI lipi pdd'aa| Avazyaka niyukti bhASya gAthA 13 meM "lehaM livI vihANaM jiNeNa baMbhIi dAhiNa kareNa" likhA hai evaM paMcamAMga bhagavatI sUtra meM bhI sarvaprathama 'namo baMbhIe livIe' likhakara aThAraha lipiyoM meM pradhAna brAhmI lipi ko namaskAra kiyA hai| bauddha grantha lalitavistarA meM 64 lipiyoM ke nAma haiM jinameM bhI prathama brAhmI aura kharoSTI kA ullekha hai| bAyIM ora se dAhinI ora likhI jAne vAlI samasta lipiyoM kA vikAsa brAhmI lipi sehaA hai| dAhinI ora se bAyIM ora likhI jAne vAlI lipi kharoSTI hai aura usI se arabI, phArasI, urdU Adi bhASAe nikalI hai| cInI bhASA ke bauddha vizvakoza ke anusAra brahmA aura kharoSTa bhArata meM hue haiM aura unhoMne devaloka se lipiyAM prApta kI tathA Upara se nIce khatrI likhI jAne vAlI lipi saMko hai jo cIna ke adhivAsI tsaMkI ne pakSiyoM Adi ke caraNa cinhoM se nirmANa kI thii| yadyapi bhagavAna RSabhadeva ko asaMkhya varSa ho gae aura lipiyoM kA usI rUpa me rahanA asaMbhava hai aura na hamAre pAsa usa vikAsa krama ko kAlAvadhi me pAbaddha karane vAle sAdhana hI upalabdha hai| vartamAna lipiyoM kA sambandha DhAI hajAra varSoM kI prApta lipiyoM se jur3atA hai| yoM mohana-jodaDo aura haDappA Adi kI saMskRta meM pAca hajAra varSa ko lipiyAM prApta huI haiM tathA rAjagaha evaM vArANasI ke abhilekha jise vidvAnoM ne "zaMkha lipi" kA nAma diyA hai, para adyAvadhi una lipiyoM ko par3hane meM purAtatvavid aura lipi vijJAna ke paNDita bhI apane ko akSama pAte haiN| brAhmI lipi nAma se prasiddha lipi kA kramika vikAsa hotA rahA aura usI vikAsa kA vartamAna rUpa apane-apane dezoM va prAntoM kI jalavAyu ke anusAra vikasita vartamAna bhASA-lipiyAM haiN| kharoSTI lipi 'saimeTika varga' kI hai aura usakA prcaa|kaarii zatI paryanta paMjAba meM thA aura usake bAda vaha lupta ho gaI / pannavaNA sUtra meM kula lipiyoM ke nAmollekha ke atirikta samavAyAga surU ke 18ve samavAya meM aThAraha lipiyoM ke nAma evaM vizeSAvazyaka TIkA ke aThAraha lipi nAmoM meM kucha antara pAyA jAtA hai| jo bhI ho hameM yahAM jaina lekhana kalA aura usake vikAsa para prakAza DAlanA abhISTa hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vANI ko gaNadharoM ne grathita ko tathA bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke zAsA kA vAGamaya jo mila-julakara eka ho gayA thA vizeSata: maukhika rUpa meM hI nigraMtha paramparA meM calA AtA rahA / AcArya devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 meM vallabhI meM AgamoM ko granthArUDha lipibaddha kiyA taba se lekhana-kalA kA adhikAdhika vikAsa prA / AH pUrva kathaMcit Agama likhAne kA ullekha samrATa khAravela ke abhilekha meM pAyA jAtA hai evaM anuyogadvAra sUtra meM pustaka panArUDha zruta ko dravya-zruta mAnA hai para adhikAMza Agama maukhika hI rahate the, likhita

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391 prAgamoM kA pracalana nahIM thA, kyoMki zramaNa varga adhikatara jaMgala, udyAna aura girikandarAoM meM nivAsa karate aura pustakoM ko parigraha ke rUpa meM mAnate the| itanA hI nahIM, ve saMgraha karanA asaMbhava aura prAyazcita yogya mAnate the, nizItha bhASya, kalpa bhASya, dazavakAlika caNi meM isakA spaSTa ullekha hai| parantu paMcama kAla ke prabhAva se kramazaH smaraNa zakti kA hrAsa ho jAne se zruta sAhitya ko granthArUDha karanA anivArya ho gayA thaa| ataH zrutadhara prAcArya ne samasta saMgha samavAya meM zrutajJAna kI vRddhi ke lie granthArUDha karane kI svIkRti ko saMyama va ddhi kA kAraNa mAnya kiyA aura usI sandarbha meM grantha va lekhana sAmagrI kA saMgraha va vikAsa hone lgaa| lipi aura lekhana upAdAna : zruta lekhana meM lipi kA prAdhAnya hai / jainAcAryoM ne bhagavatI sUtra ke prArambha meM 'namo baMbhIe livIe' dvArA bhArata kI pradhAna brAhmI lipi ko svIkAra kiyaa| isI se nAgarI zAradA, ThAkarI, gurumukhI, nevArI, baMgalA, ur3iyA, telagu, tAmila, kannaDI, rAjasthAnI, gupta, kUTila, gajarAtI, mahAjanI aura tibbatI Adi kA kramika vikAsa huaa| uttara bhArata ke granthoM meM devanAgarI lipi kA sArvabhauma pracAra huaa| sthApatya lekhoM ke lie adhikatara pASANa zilAphalakoM kA upayoga huaa| kahIM-kahIM kASTha-paTTikA aura bhitti lekha bhI likhe gaye para unakA sthAyitva alpa hone se ullekha yogya nahIM rhaa| dAna-patrAdi ke liye tAmra dhAtu kA upayoga pracuratA se hotA thA, para granthoM ke lie tADapatra, bhojapatra aura kAgaja kA upayoga adhika hayA / yoM kASTha ke patale phalaka evaM lAkSA ke lepa dvArA nirmita phalakoM para likhe grantha bhI milate hai jinakA sambandha brahma deza se thA / jaina grantha likhane meM pahale tADapatra aura bAda meM kAgaja kA upayoga pracuratA se hone lgaa| grantha lekhana meM vastroM kA upayoga bhI kabhI-kabhI hotA thA, parantu patrAkAra to pATaNa bhaNDArastha saM. 1410 kI dharma vidhi Adi kI prati ke alAvA TippaNAkAra evaM citrapaTa Adi meM pracura parimANa meM usakA upayoga honA pAyA jAtA hai| hamAre saMgraha meM aise kaI granthAdi haiN| tADapatra aura vastra para grantha lekhana kA ullekha anuyoga cUNi tathA TIkA pustaka lekhana ke sAdhana : jainAgama yadyapi gaNadhara va pUrvadhara AcAryoM dvArA racita haiN| inakA lekhanakAla vikrama saM.500nirNIta hai| upAMga sutna rAjapraznIya meM devatAoM ke paDhane ke satra kA jo varNana pAtA hai va samRddhi pUrNa hote hue bhI tatkAlIna lekhana sAmagrI aura grantha ke prArUpa kA sundara pratinidhitva karatA hai| isa sUtra meM likhA hai ki pustaka-ratna ke sabhI sAdhana svarNa aura ratnamaya hote haiN| yataH 'tassa NaM pottha rayaNassa imeyArUve vaNNAvAse paNNate, taM jahA rayaNamayAi pattagAI, riTAmaI kaMbiyAo, tavaNijjamae dore, nANAmaNimae gaMThI, veruliya-maNimae lippAsaNe, riTAmae chaMdaNe, tavaNijjamaI saMkalA, riTThAmaI masI, vairAmaI lehaNI, riTThAmayAI akkharAiM, ghammie satthe / ' (pRSTha 96) prastuta ullekha meM lekhana kalA se sambandhita patra, kAMbikA, DorA, granthi-gAMTha, lipyAsanadavAta. chaMdaNaya(Dhakkana), sAMkala, maSI-syAhI aura lekhanI sAdhana haiN| ye-1-jisa rUpa meM grantha likhe jAte the, 2-likhane ke lie jo upAdAna hotA, 3-jisa syAhI kA upayoga hotA aura, -likhita granthoM ko kaise rakhA jAtA thA, ina bAtoM kA vivaraNa hai|

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394 patra:-jisa para grantha likhe jAveM use patra yA pannA kahate haiM / patra-vakSa ke patte tADapatra, bhoja patrAdi kA aura bAda meM kAgaja kA upayoga hotA thA, para bAMdhane Adi ke sAdhana se vidita hotA hai ki ve patte alaga alaga khule hote the| kaMbikA:-tADapatrIya grantha ke saMrakSaNa ke lie rakhI jAne vAlI kASThapaTTikA ko Age kAMbI kahA jAtA thaa| Ajakala jo bAda kI banI huI kAMbikA prayoga meM AtI hai vaha bAMsa, lakaDI, hAthIdAMta Adi kI cIpa hotI hai, jisa para hAtha rakhane se pannoM para pasIne ke dAga Adi na lgeN| rekhA khIMcane ke lie bhI usakA upayoga hotA va kucha caur3I paTTiyoM para patra rakhakara paDhane ke upayoga meM bhI AtI thiiN| DorA:-tADapatrIya granthoM ke panne caur3AI meM saMkaDe aura lambAI meM adhika hone se ve eka dUsare se saMlagna na rahakara asta-vyasta ho jAte haiM , isalie unheM vyavasthita rakhane ke lie bIca meM chedakara bAMdha denA anivArya thaa| bAMdhane ke lie Dore kA prayoga hotA aura usa laMbe Dore ko phira kasakara bAMdha dete jisase vaha donoM puTThoM-kASThaphalakoM ke bIca kasA hayA surakSita rhtaa| tADapatrIya granthoM ke pazcAt jaba kAgajoM para likhane kI prathA ho gaI to bhI usake madhya meM cheda karake DorA piroyA jaataa| vaha anAvazyaka hone para bhI tADapatrIya paddhati kAyama rahI aura madhya bhAga meM caurasa yA vRttAkAra rikta sthAna choDa diyA jAtA thaa| yaha prathA unnIsavIM zatI taka calatI rhii| phira bhale hI usameM alaMkaraNa kA rUpa tADapatrIya granthoM kI smati rUDhimAtra rahI ho| granthiH-tADapatrIya pustaka meM DorA pirone ke bAda ve nikala na jAeM tathA grantha naSTa na ho jAe isalie hAthIdAMta, sIpa, kASTha Adi ke capaTe vAzara lagAe jAte the jise graMthI kahate the| lipyAsana:-zabdArtha ke anusAra to isakA artha lekhana ke upAdAna kAgaja, tADapatrAdi hotA hai parantu prAcArya malayagiri ne isakA artha maSi-bhAjana arthAt davAta kiyA hai| gujarAta meM khaDiyA kahate haiM, rAjasthAna meM vijjAsaNA kahate the / kavivara samayasundarajI ne marjI zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai, para sabakA prAzaya iMkapoTa ( Ink-pot) se hai| vijjAsaNA-vidyAsana aura majIsaNAM-maSIprAsana, maSIbhAjana se banA pratIta hotA hai| chaMdaNa aura sAMkala:-davAta ke Upara Dhakkana jo lagAyA jAtA hai use chaMdaNa (pAcchAdana) kahate haiM tathA use sambandhita rakhane vAlI sAMkala hotI hai jo davAta se Dhakkana ko saMlagna rakhatI hai parAnI pItala Adi kI bhArI bharakama zikharabaddha DhakkanavAlI davAteM Aja bhI kahIM-kahIM dekhane ko milatI hai / maSI:--akSaroM ko sAkAra rUpa dene vAlI maSI-syAhI hai| maSI zabda kajjala kA dyotaka hai jo kAlI syAhI kA upayoga sUcita karatA hai| rAyapaseNI sUtra kA 'riTaThAmaI masI' aura akSara riSTa ratna ke zyAma varNa hone se usI kA samarthana karate hai| Ajakala dUsare sabhI raMgoM ke sAtha kAlI syAhI zabda prayoga meM AtA hai| e lekhanI:-jisake dvArA zAstra likhe jAeM use lekhanI kahate haiN| sAdhAraNatayA kalama hI likhane ke kAma meM AtI thI para dakSiNa bhArata, uDIsA aura barmA kI lipiyoM ko tADapatra para likhane ke lie loha lekhanI kA Aja bhI upayoga hotA hai para kAgaja aura uttara bhArata ke tADapatrAdi para likhane vAlI kalama kA hI yahAM prAzaya samajhanA caahie| yoM baMgAla Adi meM pakSiyoM kI pAMkha se bhI likhA jAtA hai|

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395 lekhana upAdAna ke prakArAntara : jaise Ajakala choTI-bar3I vividha prakAra kI pustakeM hotI haiM usI prakAra prAcIna kAla meM 'vavidha AkAra-prakAra kI pustakeM hone ke ullekha dazavekAlika sUtra kI haribhadrIya TIkA, nizIthacUrNa, vRhatkalpasUtravRtti Adi meM pAye jAte haiN| yahAM unakA saMkSipta paricaya diyA jAtA hai: gaMDI pustaka:-caur3AI aura moTAI meM samAna kintu vividha laMbAI vAlI tADapatrIya pustaka ko gaMDI kahate haiM / isa paddhati ke kAgaja ke granthoM kA bhI isI meM samAveza hotA hai / kacchapI pustaka:- jisa pustaka ke donoM kinAre saMkaDe tathA madhya meM kachue kI bhAMti moTAI ho use kacchapI pustaka kahate haiM / yaha AkAra kAgaja ke guTakoM meM to dekhA jAtA hai para tADapatrIya granthoM meM nahIM dekhA jAtA / muSTi pustakaH - jo pustaka cAra aMgula lambI aura gola ho, muTThI meM rakha sakane yogya pustaka ko muSTi pustaka kahate haiM / choTI-moTI TippaNakAkAra pustakeM va grAja kI DAyarI kA isI meM samAveza ho jAtA hai / saMpuTa phalaka :- vyavahAra pITikA gA. 6 kI TIkA va nizItha cUrNi ke anusAra kASThaphalaka para likhe jAne vAle pustaka ko kahate haiM / vividha yaMtra, nakze, samavasaraNAdi citroM ko jo kASTha saMpuTa meM likhe jAeM ve isI prakAra meM samAviSTa hote haiM / cheda pATI :- thor3e pannoM vAlI pustaka ko kahate the, jisa prakAra Aja kAgajoM para likhI pustakeM milatI haiM / unakI lambAI kA koI pratibandha nahIM, para moTAI kama huA karatI thI / uparyukta sabhI prakAra vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI taka ke likhita pramANa se batalAe haiN| jaba ki usa kAla kI likhI huI eka bhI pustaka grAja upalabdha nahIM hai / vartamAna meM jitane bhI grantha upalabdha haiM, pichale eka hajAra varSoM taka ke prAcIna haiN| ataH isa kAla kI lekhana sAmagrI para prakAza DAlA jA rahA hai / lipyAsana: - lekhana upAdAna, lekhanapAtra - tADapatra, vastra, kAgaja ityAdi / jaisA ki Upara batalAyA hai rAjapraznIya sUtra meM isakA artha maSIbhAjana rUpa meM liyA para yahAM tADapatra, vastra, kAgaja, kASThapaTTikA, bhojapatra, tAmrapatra, raupyapatra, suvarNapatra, patthara yAdi kA samAveza karate haiM / gujarAta, rAjasthAna, kaccha aura dakSiNa meM sthita jJAna bhaNDAroM meM jo bhI tADapatrIya grantha upalabdha haiM, terahavIM zatI se pUrva tADapatra para hI likhe milate haiM / bAda 'kAgaja kA pracAra adhika ho jAne se use bhI apanAyA gayA / maNidhArI zrI jinacandrasUrijI ke samaya vikrama saM. 1204 kA 'dhvanyAlokalocana' grantha upalabdha hai, para TikAU hone ke nAte tADapatra ho adhika prayukta hote the / mahArAjA kumArapAla aura vastupAla tejapAla ke samaya meM bhI kucha grantha kAgaja para likhe gae the, phira bhI bhArata kI jalavAyu meM adhika prAcIna grantha Tika na raha sakate the, jabaki jApAna meM tathA yArakanda nagara ke dakSiNa 60 mIla para sthita kugiyara sthAna se bhAratIya lipi ke cAra grantha vebara sAhaba ko mile, jinheM IsA kI pAMcavIM zatI kA mAnA jAtA hai / tADapatrIya granthoM meM sabase prAcIna eka truTita nATaka kI prati kA 'bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA' meM ullekha kiyA hai jo dUsarI zatAbdI ke AsapAsa kI mAnI gaI hai / tADapatroM meM khAsa karake zrItAla ke patra kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thA / kumArapAla prabandha ke anusAra zrItAla durlabha ho jAne se kAgaja kA pracAra ho gayA / pATaNa bhaNDAra ke eka vikIrNa tADapatra ke ullekhAnusAra eka patra kA mUlya chaH grAnA par3atA thA /

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396 vastra para likhe granthoM meM dharmavidhi prakaraNa vRtti , kacchUlI rAsa aura triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra (aSTama parva) kI prati patrAkAra pAyI jAtI hai jo 25X5 iMca kI lambI caur3I hai parantu lokanAlikA, aDhAI dvIpa, jambadvIpa, navapada, hrIMkAra, ghaNTAkarNa, paMcatIrthApaTa Adi ke vastrapaTa citra pracara parimANa meM pAye jAte haiN| siddhAcalajI ke paTa to Aja bhI banate haiM aura prAcIna bhI jJAna bhaNDAroM meM bahata se haiN| jambadvIpa Adi ke paToM meM sabase bar3A paTa kalakattA jaina mandira meM hai jo 16-16 phaTa mApa kA hai| TippaNakAkAra meM bane karmaprakRti, bAraha vrata TIpa, anAna pUrvI, zatrajaMya yAtrAMpaTa prAdi eka do phaTa se lekara 30-30 phaTa jitane lambe pAe jAte haiN| pATaNa bhaNDAra kA saMgrahaNI TippaNaka saM. 1453 kA likhA hayA 166X111 iMca kA hai| pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka ke prAcIna kaI paMcatIrthI paTa bhI pAe gae haiN| bhojapatra para bauddha aura vaidika loga adhikAMza likhA karate the, jaina grantha adyAvadhi eka bhI bhojapatra para likhA nahIM miltaa| hAM, yati logoM ne pichale do-tIna sau varSoM meM maMtra-taMtra-yaMtroM meM usakA upayoga bhale kiyA ho| bauddha grantha dhammapada va saMyuktAgama avazya hI bhojapatra para likhe dusarI se cauthI zatAbdI ke mAne gae haiN| zilApaTTa para likhe janetara nATakAdi aneka grantha pAe jAte haiM para jaina granthoM meM unnatizikhara purANa saM. 1226 kA likhA hA vIjolyA meM hai| zrI jinavallabhasUrijI ne citrakUTIya prazasti prAdi grantha khudavA kara mandiroM meM lagavAye the| isake sivA mandiroM ke pratiSThA lekha, vistRta zlokabaddha prazasti kAvya, kalyANaka paTa, tapa paTTikA, sthavirAvalI paTTaka, lokanAla, DhAI dvIpa, zatadalapadma yaMtra paTTaka, samavazaraNa paTTa, naMdIzvara paTTa, zatrujaya giranArAdi paTTa pracura parimANa meM bane pAe jAte haiN| bIsavIM zatAbdI meM sAgarAnandasUrijI ne pAlItAnA evaM sUrata ke Agama mandiroM meM sabhI Agama mArbala evaM tAmrapaTToM para likhavA die haiM tathA vartamAna meM samayasArAdi digambara grantha bhI likhavAe jA rahe haiM / tAmrapatra, raupyapatra, svarNapatra , kAMsyapatra, paMcadhAtu patrAdi kA prayoga adhikAMza maMtra aura yantra lekhana meM huA hai| rAjAoM ke dAnapatra tAmrapatroM para likhe jAte the| jaina zailI meM navapada yaMtra, vizatisthAnaka yaMtra, ghaNTAkarNa, RSimaNDala Adi vividha prakAra ke yantra Aja bhI likhe jAte haiM aura mandiroM meM pAe jAte haiN| tAmrapatra para grantha lekhana kA ullekha vasudevahiNDI jaise prAcIna grantha meM pAyA jAtA hai| sUrata ke prAgama-mandira meM tAmra para zAstra likhAe gae haiN| bauddhoM ne hAthI dAMta Adi kA upayoga grantha lekhana meM kiyA hai, para jainoM meM usake kAMbI, granthI, dAbar3A evaM sthApanAcArya (ThavaNI) rUpa meM kiyA hai, para grantha lekhana meM nhiiN| isI prakAra se camar3e ke sambandha meM samajhanA caahie| granthoM ke pUThe, paTar3I, dAbar3e Adi meM usakA upayoga huA hai para grantha-lekhana meM nahIM / vRkSa kI chAla kA upayoga jainetara granthoM meM prApta huA hai| aguru chAla para saM . 770 meM likhI huI brahmavaivarta purANa kI prati bar3audA ke orieNTala risarca insTITyUTa meM hai| hamAre saMgraha meM kucha baMgalA lipi ke aise grantha haiM jinameM lakar3I ke phalaka kA upayoga huA hai tathA unake pUThe vRkSa kI chAla va bAMsa paTTI ke bane hue haiN| jaina granthoM meM aise upAdAnoM kA upayoga nahIM huA hai| tAr3apatra:-ye tAla yA tAr3a vRkSa ke patte haiN| tAr3a vRkSa do prakAra ke hote haiM (1) kharatAr3a aura (2) shriitaadd| kharatAr3a ke patte lambAI aura caur3AI meM choTe aura caTaka jAne pAla alpAyu ke hote haiM ataH inakA upayoga grantha lekhana meM nahIM hotaa| zrItAr3a ke vRkSa madrAsa,

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397 brahmadeza Adi meM hote haiM jisake patte bar3e cikane, lacIle aura TikAU hote haiN| ye tAr3apatra grantha-lekhana meM kAma Ate haiN| inheM prauDha ho jAne para sIdhe karake eka sAtha jamIna meM DAla kara sukhAe jAte haiM jisase inakA rasa dhapa ke sAtha na uDa kara usI meM rahatA hai aura komalatA prA jAtI hai| ye patte lambAI meM 37 iMca taka ke milate haiN| pATaNa ke bhaNDAra kI prameyakamalamArtaNDa kI prati 37 iMca lambI hai / kAgajaH--ise saMskRta meM kAgada yA kadagala nAma se aura gajarAtI meM kAgala nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai| jaise Ajakala vividha prakAra ke kAgajAte haiM, prAcIna kAla meM bhI bhinna-bhinna dezoM meM bane vividha prakAra ke moTe patale kAgaja hote the| kAzmIra, dillI, bihAra, vADa, uttara pradeza (kAnapara) gajarAta (ahamadAbAda). khaMbhAta, devagiri (kAgajApurA), ur3IsA (bAlAsora) prAdi ke vividha jAti ke kAgajoM meM vizeSataH kAzmIrI, kAnapurA, ahamadAbAdI vyavahAra meM Ate haiN| kAzmIrI kAgaja sarvottama hote haiN| prAcIna jJAna bhaNDArA meM prApta 14vIM, 15vIM zatAbdI ke kAgaja Aja ke se bane hae lagate haiM para 18vIM, 19vIM zatAbdI ke kAgajoM meM TikAUpana kama hai| mila ke kAgaja to bahuta kama varSa Tika pAte haiN| kAgaja kATanAH---Ajakala kI bhAMti icchita mApa ke kAgaja na banakara prAcIna kAla meM bane choTe-moTe kAgajoM ko pepara kaTiMga mazInoM ke abhAva meM apanI AvazyakatAnusAra kATanA hotA thA aura unheM bAMsa yA lohe kI cIpoM meM dekara hAtha se kATA jAtA thaa| ghoTAI:--grantha lekhana yogya dezI kAgajoM ko ghoTAI karake kAma meM lete the jisase unake akSara phaTate nahIM the| yadi barasAta kI sIla se paoNliza utara jAtI to unheM phira se ghoTAI karanI hotI thii| kAgajoM ko phiTakar3I ke jala meM Dubo kara adhasUkhA hone para akIka, kasauTI Adi ke ghaMTe-aopaNI se ghoTa kara likhane ke upayakta kara lie jAte the / aAjakala ke mila kArakhAnoM ke nirmita kAgaja likhane ke kAma nahIM aate| ve dIkhane meM sundara aura camakadAra hone para bhI zIghra gala jAte haiM / vastrapaTa:--kapar3e para yantra, TippaNa Adi likhane ke lie use gehUM yA cAvala kI leI dvArA chidra banda hone para, sukhAkara ke ghoTAI kara lete / jisa para citra, yaMtra, granthAdi sugamatA se likhe jA sakate the / pATaNa bhaNDAra ke vastra para likhita grantha khAdI ko duharA cipakA kara likhA huA hai| TippaNaka:-janma kuNDalI, aNupurvI, vijJapti-patra, bArahavrataTIpa Adi Serole kAgaja ke lIroM ko cipakA karake taiyAra karate tathA kapar3e ke lambe thAna meM ve AvazyakatAnusAra banA kara usake sAtha cipakA kara yA khAlI kAgaja para likhe jAte the, jina para kie hue citrAdi sau-sau phITa lambe taka ke pAe jAte haiN| kASTha paTTikA:-kASTha kI paTTiyAM kaI prakAra kI hotI thiiN| kASTha kI paTTiyoM ko raMga kara usa para varNamAlA Adi likhI huI 'borakhA pATI' para akSara sIkhane-jamAne meM kAma lete the / khar3I miTTI ke ghola se usa para likhA jAtA thA tathA grantha nirmANa ke kacce kharar3e bhI pATiyoM para likhe jAte the| uttarAdhyayana vRtti (saM. 1129) ko nemicandrAcArya ne padrikA para likhA thA jise sarvadeva gaNi ne pUstakArUr3ha kiyA thaa| khotAna pradeza meM kharoSTI lipi meM likhita kaI prAcIna kASTha paTTikAeM prApta huI haiN|

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398 lekhanI:-Ajakala lekhana kArya phAuNTenapaina, DaoNTapena Adi dvArA hone lagA hai para prAge holDara, painsila Adi kA adhika pracAra thaa| isase pUrva bAMsa, beMta, dAlacInI ke aNTa ityAdi se likhA jAtA thaa| Ajakala usakI prathA alpa raha gaI hai, para hastalikhita granthoM ko likhane meM Aja bhI kalama kA upayoga hotA hai| kAgaja, tADapatra para likhane ke upayukta ye lekhaniyAM thIM, para karnATaka, siMhala, utkala, brahmadezAdi meM jahAM utkINita karake likhA jAtA hai vahAM lohe kI lekhanI prayukta hotI thii| kAgajoM para yaMtra va lAineM banAne ke lie jajavala kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA jo lohe ke cimaTe ke AkAra kI hotI thii| loha lekhanI meM donoM tarapha ye bhI lage rahate the| Ajakala ke holDara kI nibeM isI kA vikasita rUpa kahA jA sakatA hai| kalamoM ke ghisa jAne para use cAka se patalA kara liyA jAtA thA tathA bIca meM khar3A cIrA dene se syAhI usameM se utara pAne meM suvidhA hotI hai| niboM meM yaha prathA kalama ke cIre kA hI rUpa hai| lekhaniyoM ke zabhAzabha kaI prakAra ke gaNa doSoM ko batAne vAle zloka pAe jAte haiM jinameM unakI lambAI, raMga, gAMTha Adi se brAhmaNAdi varNa, pAya, dhana, saMtAnAdi hAni vaddhi Adi ke phalAphala likhe haiN| unakI parIkSA paddhati, tADapatrIya yaga kI pustakoM se calI pA rahI hai| ratna-parIkSA meM ratnoM ke zveta, pIta, lAla aura kAle raMga brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, zUdra kI bhAMti lekhanI ke bhI varNa samajhanA caahie| isakA kaise upayoga va kisa prakAra karanA, isakA purAnA vidhAna tatkAlIna vizvAsa va prathAnoM para prakAza DAlatA hai| vataraNA:--lekhanI-kalama kI bhAMti yaha zabda bhI likhane ke sAdhana kA dyotaka hai / lipi ko lipyAsana para 'avataraNa' karane ke saMskRta zabda se yaha zabda bananA saMbhava hai| kATha kI pATI jise teliyA pATI kahate the, dhula DAla kara likhane kA sAdhana vataraNA thaa| phira sleTa kI pATI para va TIna va gatte kI pATI para likhane kI sleTa paMsila ko bhI bhASA meM vataraNA kahate haiN| lalitavistara ke lipizAlA saMdarzana parivarta meM 'varNAtiraka' zabda se vataraNA banane kA kucha loga anumAna karate haiM / jujavala:--isa viSaya meM Upara lekhanI ke saMdarbha meM likhA jA cukA hai| isakA svataMtra astitva thA aura saMskRta 'yugabala' zabda se isakI vyutpatti saMbhava hai| yaha cimaTe ke AkAra kI donoM ora lagI lekhanI vAlI loha lekhanI thii| purAne lahiye isakA prayoga lekhana samaya meM hAMsiyA Adi kI lAla lakIreM khIMcane meM kiyA karate the| prAkAra:--citrapaTa, yaMtra Adi lekhana meM gola prAkRti banAne meM Ajakala ke kampAsa kI bhAMti prayoga meM AtA thaa| vividha zilpI loga bhI isakA upayoga karate haiN| moliyA phAMTiyA:-kAgaja kI pratiyAM likhate samaya sIdhI lakIreM jisake prayoga meM pAtI hai vaha gujarAta meM poliyA va rAjasthAna meM phAMTiyA kahalAtA hai| lakar3I ke phalaka yA gatta ke majabUta pUThe para cheda kara majabata sIdhI DorI choTe-bar3e akSaroM ke caur3e-saMkar3e antarAnusAra ubhaya pakSa meM kasakara bAMdha dI jAtI hai aura usa para imalI, cAMvala yA raMga-rogana lagAkara taiyAra kiye phAMTiye para kAgaja ko rakha kara aMgaliyoM dvArA TAna kara lakIra cinhita kara lI jAtI hai| tADapatrIya pratiyoM para phAMTiye kA upayoga na hokara choTI-sI binda sIdhI lakIra pAne ke lie kara dI jAtI thii| zrAvakAticAra meM lekhana-jJAnopakaraNa meM ise aoliyA likhA hai| rAjasthAna meM Ajakala kAgaja ke lambe Takar3oM ko poliyA kahate haiM jisa para ciTThI likhI jAtI hai| kaMbikA:--tADapatrIya lekhanopakaraNa ke prasaMga meM Upara kAMbI ke viSaya meM batalAyA jA cukA hai| Ajakala phaTa kI bhAMti capaTI hone se mApa karake hAMsiye kI lakIra khIMcane va Upara aMguliyAM rakha kara likhane ke prayoga meM Ane vAlA yaha upakaraNa hai| yaha bAMsa, hAthIdAMta yA candana kASThAdika kI hotI hai /

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399 lipi kI svarUpa zikA--syAhI yA raMga :-pustaka likhane ke aneka prakAra ke raMga yA syAhI meM kAlA raMga pradhAna hai| sonA, cAMdI aura lAla syAhI se bhI prantha likhe jAte haiM para sonA, cAMdI kI mahayatA ke kAraNa usakA prayoga atyalpa parimANa meM hI viziSTa zAstra lekhana meM zrImantoM dvArA hotA thaa| lAla raMga kA prayoga bIca-bIca meM prakaraNa samApti va hAMsie kI rekhA meM tathA citrAdi aAlekhana meM sabhI raMgoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| eka dUsare raMga ke mizraNa dvArA kaI raMga taiyAra ho jAte haiN| pUrva kAla meM tAr3apatra, kAgaja Adi para lekhana hetu kisa prakAra syAhI banatI thI? isa para saMkSipta prakAza DAlA jAtA hai| tAr3a-patna kASTha kI jAti hai, jaba ki kAgaja va vastra usase bhinna hai| ataH prakati bhinnatA ke kAraNa tadanakala syAhI kI rAsAyanika vidhi bhinna honA svAbhAvika hai| Ajakala tAr3a-patra lekhana pracalita na hone se usakI syAhI kA svarUpa prAcIna ullekhoM para AdhArita hai / prathama prakAraH--kAMToseriyA (dhamAsA), jala bhAMgarA kA rasa, triphalA, kasIsa, lohacUrNa ko ukAla kara, kvAtha banA kara, galI ke rasa ko barAbara parimANa meM milA kara, kAjala va bIjAbola milAne se tADa-patna lekhana-yogya syAhI banatI hai| inheM tAMbe kI kar3hAI meM ghoTa kara eka rasa kara lenA caahie| dvitIya prakAra:--kAjala, poyaNa, bIjAbola, bhUmitalA, jalabhAMgarA aura pAre ko ubalate hue pAnI meM milA kara, tAMbe kI kaDhAI meM sAta dina taka ghoTa kara eka rasa kara lenaa| phira usakI bar3iyAM banA lenaa| unheM kaTa kara rkheN| phira jaba Avazyaka ho unheM garama pAnI meM khUba masala kara syAhI kara lenaa| tutIya prakAra:--kore kAjala ko miTTI ke kore sikore meM aMgulI se masala kara usakI cikanAI miTA denaa| thor3e se gomatra meM bhigo dene se bhI cikanAsa miTa jAtI hai| phira use niba yA khaira ke gaMda ke sAtha bImArasa meM bhigo kara khaba ghottnaa| phira bar3I sukhA kara Upara kI bhAMti karanA / caturtha prakAra:--gUda, nIMba ke gUda se duganA bIjAbola, usase dugunA kAjala (tila ke tela se pAr3A huA) ko ghoTa kara gomUtra ke sAtha AMca denA, pAtra tAmra kA honA caahie| sUkhane para thor3A-thor3A pAnI dete raheM va pAMca tolA eka dina parimANa se ghoTa kara loda, sAjIkhAra yukta lAkSArasa milaanaa| gomana meM dhoye bhIlAmA cUMTA ke nIce lgaanaa| phira kAle bhAMgara ke rasa ke sAtha mardana karane se uttama syAhI banatI hai| . paMcama prakAra:-brahmadeza, karNATaka, ulkalAdi dezoM meM tAr3apatra lohe kI sUI se ko kara likhe jAte haiN| unameM akSaroM meM kAlA raMga lAne ke lie nAriyala kI TopasI yA bAdA ke chilakoM ko jalA kara, tela meM milA kara lagA denaa| poMchane se tAr3a-patna sApha ho jAegA akSaroM meM kAlApana A jAyegA / kAgaja aura kapar3oM para likhane yogya kAlI syAhI : jitanA kAjala utanA bola, tethI daNA gaMda jhakola / jo rasa bhAMgarA no par3e, to akSare akSare dIvA bale // kAjala se AdhA gUMda, gUMda se AdhA bIjAbola, lAkSArasa, bIyArasa ke sa tAMbe ke bhAjana meM mardana karane se kAlI syAhI hotI hai| .

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400 (3) bImAbola anai lakkhArasa, kajjala vajjala nai aMbArasa // bhojarAja misI nipaaii| pAnau phATai misI navi jAI // lAkha TAMka bIsa mela , svAga TAMka pAMca mela , nIra TAMka do sau leI hAMDI meM cddh'aaiye| jo lauM prAga dIje to lauM aura khAra saba lIje, loda khAra bAla vAla pIsa ke rkhaaiye| mIThA tela dIpa jAra kAjala sole utAra, nIkI vidhi pichAnI ke aise hI bnaaiye| cAhaka catura nara likha ke anupa grantha, bAMca bAMca bAMca rijharijha mauja pAiye / syAhI pakkI karane kI vidhi:--lAkha cokhI yA cIpar3I paisA 6, tIna sera pAnI meM DAlanA, sUhAgA paisA 2 DAlanA, loda paisA 3, pAnI tIna pAva, phira kAjala paisA 1 ghoTa ke sukhA denA / phira zItala jala meM bhigo kara syAhI pakkI kara lenaa| kAjala 6 TAMka, bIjAbola 12 TAMka, khera kA gUda 36 TAMka, aphIma AdhA TAMka, alatA pothI 3 TAMka, phiTakar3I kaccI on TAMka, nIma ke ghoTe se 7 dina tAmrapAtra meM ghoTanA / ina sabhI prakAroM meM prathama prakAra upayogI aura susAdhya hai| kapar3e ke TippaNaka ke lie bIjAbola se dugunA gUda, gUMda se dugunI kAjala milI syAhI do prahara mardana karane se vajravat ho jAtI hai| sundara aura TikAU pustaka lekhana ke lie kAgaja kI zreSThatA jitanI Avazyaka hai utanI hI syAhI kI bhI hai| anyathA pramANopeta vidhivat na banI huI syAhI ke padArtha rasAyanika vikRti dvArA kAgaja ko galA detI hai, cipakA detI hai, jarjara kara detI hai| eka hI prati ke kaI panne acchI sthiti meM hote haiM aura kucha panne jarjarita ho jAte haiM, isameM lahiyA logoM kI ajJAnatA se yA prAdatana gAr3hI syAhI karane ke lie loha carNa, bIyArasa Adi DAla dete haiM jisase pustaka kAlI par3a jAtI hai, vikRta ho jAtI hai| sunaharI rUpahalI syAhI: sonA aura cAMdI kI syAhI banAne ke lie varka ko kharala meM DAla kara dhava ke gaMda ke svaccha jala ke sAtha khaba ghoTate jAnA caahie| bArIka cUrNa ho jAne para mizrI kA pAnI DAla kara khaba hilAnA caahie| svarNa cUrNa nIce baiTha jAne se pAnI ko dhIre-dhIre nikAla denA caahie| tIna cAra bAra dhu lAI para gUMda nikala jAegA aura sunaharI yA rUpahalI syAhI taiyAra ho jaaegii| lAla syAhI: gila ko kharala meM mizrI ke pAnI ke sAtha khuba ghoTa kara Upara pAte hue pIlAsa lie hae pAnI ko nikAla denaa| isa taraha dasa pandraha bAra karane se pIlAsa nikala kara za.ddha lAla raMga ho jaaegaa| phira use mizrI aura gUMda ke pAnI ke sAtha ghoTa kara ekarasa kara lenaa| phira sUkhA kara Tikar3I kI huI syAhI ko AvazyakatAnusAra pAnI meM ghola kara kAma meM lenA caahie| mizrI ke pAnI kI apekSA nIMbU kA rasa prayukta karanA adhika upayogI hai| praSTagandha: agara, tagara, gorocana, kastUrI, rakta candana, candana, siMdUra aura kezara ke mizraNa se aSTa

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401 gandha banatA hai| kapUra, kastUrI, gorocana, siMgarapha, kezara, candana, agara, gehUMlA se bhI aSTagandha banAyA jAtA hai / yakSakaIma : candana, kezara, agara, barAsa, kastUrI, marajakaMkAla, gorocana, higula, ratajana, sunahare varka aura aMbara ke mizraNa se yakSakardama banatA hai| aSTagandha aura yakSa kardama gulAba jala ke sAtha ghoTate haiM aura inakA upayoga maMtra yaMtra taMtrAdi likhane meM, pUjA pratiSThAdi meM kAma AtA hai| maSI-syAhI zabda kAle raMga kI syAhI kA dyotaka hone para bhI hara raMga ke sAtha isaka vacana prayoga-rUr3ha ho gyaa| lAla syAhI, sunaharI syAhI, harI syAhI prAdi isA prakAra baMgAla meM lAla kAlI, blakAlI Adi kahate haiN| syAhI aura kAlI zabda ye hareka raMga vA kI svarUpa darzikA ke lie prayukta hote haiN| citrakalA ke raMga : sacitra pustaka lekhana meM citra banAne ke lie Upara likhita kAle, lAla, sanato rUpahale raMgoM ke atirikta haratAla aura saphedA kA bhI upayoga hotA thaa| dayA bhI vidhi hai| haratAla aura higula milAne para nAraMgI raMga, hiMgula aura saphedA milAne galAbI raMga, haratAla aura kAlI syAhI mila kara nIlA raMga banatA thaa| (1) saphedA 4 TAMka va pevar3o 1 TAMka va siMdUra || Toka se gaura varNa / (2) sidara 4 TAMka va pothI galI 1 TAMka se khArika raga / (3) haranAla 1 TAMka va galI prAdhA TAMka se nIlA raMga / (4) saphedA 1 TAMka va alatA prAdhA TAMka se galAbI rNg| (5) saphedA 1 TAMka va galI 1 TAMka se pAsamAnI raMga / (6) siMdara 1 TAMka va pavaDI prAdhA TAMkarA nAraMgA raMga hotA hai| hastalikhita grantha para citra banAne ke lie ina rago ke sAtha gAda kA svaccha jala milA jAtA hai| isake atirikta vibhinna citrakalA ke yAgya raMgoM ke nirmANa kI vidhi prayoga purAne patroM meM likha pAye jAte hai| jaina lipi kI paramparA bhagavAna mahAvIra kA vihAra adhikAza vihAra prAnta (aga-magadha-faia baMgAla aura uttara pradeza mahA thaa| ata: va addhamAgadhI bhASA meM upadeza dete kA sambandha magadha se adhika thaa| jainAgamoM kI bhASA prAkRta hai, digambara sAhitya saurasenI prAkRta meM aura zvetAmbara aAgama mahArASTrI prAkRta ma hai| jisa prakAra anya bhAri pAka se apabhraMza ke mAdhyama sa hindI, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI Adi huI, isI prakAra baMgalA nASA aura lipi kA udagama prAkRtarA hA hai| magadha se par3I mAtrA kA prayoga baMgalA meM gyaa| jaba pAya lenona zramaNa saMgha dakSiNa aura pazcima dezoM meM calA gayA, parantu apanI lipi gata kaTila aura devanAgarI ke vikAsa mabrAhmI-devanAgarI manAhI-bagalA kA prabhAva netA gA| gaTI kAraNa hai ki sekaDo varSoM taka par3I mAtrA kA janoM meM pracalana rhaa| baMgalA

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402 lipI meM Aja bhI par3I mAtrA hai| ataH prAcIna jaina lipi ke abhyAsI ke lie baMgalA lipi kA jJAna bar3A sahAyaka hai| jisa prakAra brAhmI-devanAgarI lipi meM jalavAya-dezapaddhati aura zikSaka dvArA prastuta akSara jamAne ke upakaraNoM kI lipi vividhatA, ruci-bhinnatA ke anyAnya maror3a ke kAraNa aneka rUpoM meM prAntIya lipiyAM vibhakta ho gaI, usI prakAra jaina lipi meM bhI yatiyoM kI lipi, kharataragacchIya lipi, mAravAr3I lahiyoM kI lipi, gujarAtI lahiyoM kI lipi-paramparA pAyI jAtI hai| koI gola akSara, koI khar3e akSara, koI baiThe akSara, koI halanta kI bhAMti pUMcha vAle akSara, to koI kalAtmaka alaMkRtAkSara, koI Tukar3e-Tukar3e rUpa meM likhe va koI ghasITaveM akSara likhane ke abhyasta the| eka hI, zatAbdI ke lie brAhmaNa, kAyasthAdi kI lipi meM to jaina lipi se mahada antara hai hI parantu jaina lipi meM bhI lekhanakAla nirNaya karane meM bahuta sAvadhAnI aura satarkatA Avazyaka hai| lekhana sauSThava : sIdhI lakIra meM saghana gola, eka dUsare se alagna, zIrSa-mAtrAdi akhaNDa eka jaise, na khAlI, na bhIr3a-bhAr3a vAle akSara likhane vAle lekhaka bhI Adarza aura unakI lipi bhI grAdarza kahalAtI hai| jaina zailI meM isa ora vizeSa dhyAna diyA hai jisase pichalI zatAbdiyoM meM kramazaH lekhanakalA vikasita hotI gaI thii| lipi kA mApa:--phATiye dvArA yatheccha eka mApa kI paMktiyoM meM lagabhaga tRtIyAMza yA isase kama-beza antara rakha kara eka samAna sUndara akSaroM se pratiyAM likhI jAtI thI jisase akSara gaNanA karane vAle ko suvidhA rahatI aura akSara bhI sarala, suvAcya aura nayanAbhirAma lagate the / paDo mAtrA:--brAhmI lipi se jaba vartamAna lipiyoM kA vikAsa hayA, mAtrAe sUkSma rUpa meM prathavA svara saMlagna saketa se likhI jAtI thiiN| va apanA bar3A rUpa dhAraNa karane lagI aura vatamAna meM akSara vyajana ke catUdika likhI jAne lgii| paSThi mAtrA, apamAtrA, udhvaMmAtrA meM "u.U' kI agramAvA 'ru,rU' ke atirikta adhomAtrA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyaa| paSThi mAtrA meM hasva ikArAnta saMketa ke atirikta urdhva aura agramAtrA bana gaI hai, jaise ke kai.ko,kau| jaba ki prAcIna kAla meM baMgalA lipi kI bhAMti kAkAkAko likhe jAte the. dIrgha IkAra kA saMketa aparivartita hI rhaa| saMyaktAkSara evaM mAtrAoM ke prayoga ke kAraNa akSaro ke mApa meM antara yA jAnA svAbhAvika thA, astu / par3I mAtrA likhane kI paddhati prAyaH satarahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt lupta ho gaI / jaina lekhaka : jaina sAhitya ke parizIlana se vidita hotA hai ki jaina vidvAnoM-zratadharoM ne jo vizAla sAhitya racanA kI unheM ve pahale kASThapaTTikA para likha kara phira tADapatra, kAgaja grAdi para utArate the| zrI devabhadrAcArya ne jisa kAThotkINa paTTikA para mahAvIra caritra, pArzvanAtha caritrAdi likhe the ve unhoMne somacandra muni (zrI jinadattasUrijI) ko bheMTa kie the| ataH ina vastuoM kA bar3A mahatva thaa| granthakAra apane mahAn granthoM ko svayaM likhate yA apane prAjJAMkita zipya varga se prathamAdarza pustikA likhavAte, jinakA ullekha kitane hI granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| maNidhArI jinacandrasUri, sthiracandra', brahmadatta Adi kI likhita pratiyAM Aja bhI upalabdha haiN| zrI jinabhadrasUri, kamalasaMyamopAdhyAya, yagapradhAna zrI

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403 jinacandrasUri, samayasundaropAdhyAya, guNavinayopAdhyAya, yazovijaya upAdhyAya, vinayavijaya, nayavijaya, kotivijaya, jinaharSagaNi, kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya, jJAnasAra gaNi Adi bahasaMkhyaka vidvAnoM ke svayaM hastalikhita grantha upalabdha haiN| jaina yati-muniyoM, sAdhviyoM Adi ke atirikta zrImanta zrAvakoM dvArA lahiyA logoM se likhavAI huI bahuta sI pratiyAM haiN| isa prakAra jaina jJAna bhaNDAroM meM lAkhoM prAcIna grantha aAja bhI vidyamAna haiN| pustakoM ke lipika lahie kAyastha, brAhmaNa, nAgara, mahAtmA, bhojaka Adi jAti ke hote the, jinakA pezA hI likhane kA thA aura una saikar3oM parivAroM kI AjIvikA jainAcAryoM va jaina zrImantoM ke Azraya se calatI thii| ve jaina lipi va lekhana paddhati ke paramparAgata abhijJa the aura jaina lahiyA-jaina lekhaka kahalAne meM apanA gaurava samajhate the| mahArAjA zrIharSa, siddharAja jayasiMha, rAjA bhoja, mahArANA kumbhA Adi vidyAvilAsI narezvaroM ko chor3a kara eka jaina jAti hI aisI thI jisake eka-eka vyakti ne jJAna bhaNDAroM ke lie lAkhoM rupaye lagA kara advitIya jJAnopAsanA-zratabhakti kI hai| lAkhoM granthoM ke naSTa ho jAne va videza cale jAne para bhI Aja jo grantha bhaNDAra jainoM ke pAsa haiM ve bar3e gaurava kI vastu hai| jJAna paMcamI kA pArAdhana evaM sAta kSetroM meM tathA svatantra jJAna dravya kI mAnyatA se isa ora paryApta jJAna sevA samaddha hii| sAdha- yatijanoM ko svAdhyAya karanA anivArya hai| zruta-lekhana svAdhyAya hai aura isIlie itane grantha milate haiN| Aja mudraNa yuga meM bhI sundara lipi meM grantha likhavA kara rakhane kI paripATI kitane hI jainAcArya munigaNa nibhAte pA rahe haiN| terApanthI zramaNoM meM Aja bhI lekhana kalA unnata dekhI jAtI hai kyoMki unameM hastalikhita grantha likhane aura varSa meM amaka parimANa meM lekhana-svAdhyAya kI pUrti karanA anivArya hai| lekhaka ke guNa-doSa : lekha paddhati ke anasAra lekhaka sundara akSara likhane vAlA, aneka lipiyoM kA abhijJa, zAstrajJa aura marvabhASA vizArada honA cAhie, tAki vaha grantha ko zuddha avikala likha sake / medhAvI, vAkpaTa, dhairyavAn, jitendriya, avyasanI, svaparazAstrajJa aura halake hAtha se likhane vAlA sulekhaka hai| jo lekhaka syAhI girA detA ho, lekhanI tor3a detA ho, AmapAsa kI jamIna bigAr3atA ho. davAta meM kalama ibote samaya usakI noka tor3a detA ho vaha apalakSaNI aura kUTa lekhaka batalAyA gayA hai| lekhaka kI sAdhana samagrI: grantha lekhana ke hetu pItala ke kalamadAna aura eka viziSTa prakAra ke lakar3I yA kaTe ke kalamadAnoM-lekhana mAmanI kA saMgraha rahatA thaa| hamAre saMgraha meM aisA eka gacitra kaTe kA kalamadAna hai jisa para dakSiNI golI se sundara kRSNalIlA kA citrAMkana kiyA hayA hai| eka mAde kalamadAla meM purAnI lekhana mAmagrI kA bhI saMgraha hai| yaha lekhana sAmagrI vividha prakAra kI hotI thI jisakA varNana Upara kiyA jA ca kA hai| eka zloka meM 'ka' akSara vAlI 17 bayoM kI sUcI. ullikhita hai:-- kaMpI (davAta), (2) kAjala (mAhI). (3) ke (mira ke bAla yA rezama), (4) Rga-darbha, (5) kambala, (6) kAMbI, ( kalama, (3) kRpANikA, (ka). !) katAranI (kaicI), (10) kAThapadikA, (11) nAgaja, (12) kA-yAMkha, (13) koTar3I (kama), (14) kalamadAna, (15) mANa-paira, (16) kaTi-kamara, praura (17) kaMkar3a /

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404 inameM grAMkha, paira aura kamara kI majabatI Avazyaka hai| baiThane ke lie kaMbala-darbhAsana va koTharI-kamarA ke atirikta avaziSTa sTezanarI-lekhana sAmagrI hai / lahiye loga vividha prakAra ke pAsanoM meM va vividha prakAra se kalama pakar3a kara yA pratiyAM rakha kara likhane ke abhyasta hone se apane lekhanAnakala kalama kA para vyakti ko dene meM mAte the| ataH pustakoM kI puppikA ke sAtha nimna subhASita likha diyA karate the:--- lekhinI pustikA rAmA parahaste gatA gatA / kadAcita punarAyAtA laSTA bhraSTA ca dharSitA (yA cambitA) / lakhana virAma: likhate samaya yadi chor3a kara uThanA par3e to ve apane vizvAsa ke ana sAra 'gha jhaTa r3a ta pa ba la va za' akSara likhate chor3a kara yA alaga kAgaja para likha ke uThate haiN| avaziSTa akSara likhate uTha jAne para unheM pustaka ke kaTa jAne, janta khA jAne tathA naSTa ho jAne ke vividha saMdeha hate the| ina vizvAsoM kA vAstavikatA meM kyA sambanA hai? kahA nahIM jA sktaa| nAtaka kI nirdoSatA :: jisa prakAra granthakAra apanI racanA meM huI skhalanA ke lie kSamA prArthI banatA hai vaise hI lakhaka apanI paristhiti aura nirdoSatA prakaTa karane vAle zalAka likhA hai-- yAdazaM pustake daSTa tAdaza likhita mayA / yadi zamazuddha vA mama doSo na dIyate / / bhagnapATha-kaTigrIvA-bakradaSTiradhomakham / kApTena likhitaM zAratraM yatnena paripAlayeta / / baddhamaSTi-kaTigrIvA--cakrapTiradhAmakhama / kATena likhitaM zAsvaM yatnana patipAlayet // ityAdi / bhrAMtimUlaka azuddhiyAM : prAcIna pratiyoM kI nakala karate samaya lipi alpajJatA se yA bhrAMta paThana se, akSarAkRti mAmpa yA saMyuktAkSaroM kI duruhatA se anekaza: azaddha paramparA cala par3atI thii| eka zabda ke aneka artha hote haiM, milate-julate aNaddha vAkyoM kA zuddha karane jAte navIna pAThAntaroM kI sRSTi hAmAtI, jimakA saMzAdhana vibhInamavI vijJAna maMNodhaka ke hAthoM meM par3ane para hI saMbhava hotaa| kA 'ttha' aura 'stha' kA 'ka' hI jAnA tAnAmalI vAla thii| grantha lekhanAraMbha : bhAratIya saMskRti meM na kevala grantha ralanA meM hI vintu grantha lekhana ke samaya nahiya loga sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa karate the, yaha ciraparipATI hai| jaMgalakhaka "OM namaH, ai gama..nA

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405 jinAya, namaH zrI garubhyaH, namo vItarAgAya, jayatyanekAntakaNThIravaH, OM namaH sarasvatye, OM na sarvajJAya, namaH zrIsiddhArthasutAya" ityAdi apane deva, guru, dharma, iSTadeva ke nAma maMgala ke nimitta likhate the| jaina maMgalAcaraNa kA sArvatrika pracAra na kevala bhArata meM hI, cIna, tibbata taka meM likhe granthoM meM kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA 'OMnamaH siddhaM' pracuratA se pracalita huyA thaa| prAcIna lipiyoM ke prArambhika maMgala-cinha zilAlekhoM meM, tADapatrIya granthoM meM va paramparA se calate hue artha na samajhane para bhI rUr3ha ho gae the| brAhmI lipi ke OMkAra, aiMkAra sahasrAbdI paryanta calate rahe aura Aja bhI grantha lekhana ke prArambha meM unhIM vividha rUpoM ko likhane kI paramparA cala rahI hai| bhAratIya prAcIna lipi mAlA evaM prAcIna zilAlekhoM va granthoM se una maMgalacinhoM kA vikAsa cArutayA parilakSita hotA hai| rAjasthAna meM sarvatra kAtantra vyAkaraNa kA prathama apabhraSTa pATha bar3e hI manoraMjaka rUpa meM baccoM ko raTAyA jAtA thaa| lekhakoM kI grantha lekhana samApti : grantha lekhana samApta hone para grantha kI parisamApti sUcana karane ke pazcAt lekhana saMvat pUrNipakA likha kara "zubhaMbhavatu, kalyANamastu, maMgala mahA zrIH, lekhaka-pAThakayoH zubhaMbhavatu, zubhaM bhavatu saMghasya, Adi vAkya likha kara ||chH|| b|| prAkRtiyAM likhA karate the jo pUrNakumbha jaise saMketa hone kA muni zrI puNyavijayajI ne anumAna kiyA hai| aura bhI prAcIna granthoM meM vibhinna cinha aura akSaroM para geru Adi lAla raMga se raMjita granthoM ke antima patra pAye jAte haiN| gantha ke adhyayana, khaNDa, uddezya, sarga, pariccheda, ucchavAsa, laMbhaka, kANDa Adi kI parisamApti para sahaja dhyAna AkRSTa karane ke hetu bhI ina cinhoM kA upayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| lekhakoM dvArA aMka prayoga : yadyapi grantha kI patra saMkhyA prAdi likhane ke lie aMkoM kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se hotA pAyA hai, para sAtha-sAtha romana lipi kI bhAMti , I,III, IV, V Adi sAMketika aMka praNAlI bhI nAgarI lipi meM pracalita thI, jisake saMketa apane DhaMga ke alaga the| tADapatrIya granthoM meM aura usake pazcAt kAgaja ke granthoM meM bhI isakA upayoga kiye jAne kI prathA thii| patra ke dAhinI pora akSarAtmaka aMka saMketa va bAyIM tarapha aMka likhe rahate the| yaha paddhati jaina cheda aAgamoM, cUNiyoM meM eka jaise pAThoM meM prAyazcitta va bhAMgoM ke lie bhI prayukta huI hai| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa kRta jItakalpasUtra ke bhASya meM sUtra kI mala gAthAoM ke aka akSarAtmaka aMkoM meM die haiN| isa paddhati ke jJAna binA mUla prati kI nakala karane vAloM dvArA bhayaMkara bhUla ho jAne kI saMbhAvanA hai| isa prathA kA eka dusarA rUpa nevArI granthoM meM dekhA gayA hai| bAta yaha hai ki zrI motIcandajI khajAncI ke saMgraha kI eka prati ko jaba 1900 varSa prAcIna batAyA gayA no asaMbhava hote hue bhI maiMne svayaM use dekhanA caahaa| prati dekhane para rAja khalA ki saMvat vAlA aMka 1 baMgalA lipi kA 7 thA jo ki patrAMkoM para dI huI ubhayapakSa kI saMkhyA se samarthita ho gyaa| isa prakAra 600 varSa kA antara nikala gayA aura nevArI saMvat va vikrama saMvata kA aMka nikAlane para usakI yathArtha mitI batalA kara bhrAMti miTA dI gii| astu / hameM jaina lakhakoM dvArA akSarAtmaka aMka saMketoM kA samIcIna jJAna prApta karane ke hetu camakI tAlikA jAna lenA yAvazyaka samajha kara yahAM dI jA rahI hai|

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1 = 1, 3. sa, cha,zrI.zrI 2 = 2, na, li,ni zrI.zrI 3 - 3.maH,zrI, zrI zrI 4- kakakakA ,koM ka, kA, ka, krA, e, 50 saII), tAna, nAjAnI hAvI. 6- pha..phA,,mArka,phrAo, pha phapha, yara. 7 .grA yA kI bAto. ( uTa Pra Errrr95 / 0 2 = cha, dhA. 3- la, lA. 5%Cc... se. 6cca sta, saM. I. . 4.63, oso, yahAM ikAI, dahAI aura saikar3oM kI saMkhyA likhane ke samaya pathaka-pathaka aMka die gaa| haiN| patrAMka likhane meM unakA ugo prakAra upayoga hotA hai tAki saMkhyA kA mahI prAkalana kiyA jA ske| cAla aMka sIdhI lAina meM likhe jAte haiM, parantu nAr3apatrIya va umI zailI ke kAgaja ke granthoM kA patrAMka dete samaya para nIce likhane kI prathA thii| jaina cheda sUtra yAdiva bhASya, cUNi, vizeSa caNi, TIkA grAdi meM akSarAMka sIdhI paMkti meM hI likhe gae haiN|

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407 upayukta tAlikA ke anusAra ikAI, dahAI aura saikar3oM ke aMka kA upayoga isa prakAra kiyA jAtA thA:-- . + 1. phoantert0 12, , 5 H40, 70 , 1 45, e; (50, bh54 658 654 : g co.. 4.00.6 72. 175.5.77 0.188.4.40,4 47. 04: 300, pa 47 99." 00 ..do, se mA solA sle tora + 38. 647, thuEEN: 0700, 2 722, 747. 77 yaha tADapatrIya patrAMka lekhana paddhati kAgaja para likhe granthoM para calI pAtI thI kintu kaI kAgaja kI pratiyoM meM ikAI, dahAI, saikar3oM ke saMketa na vyavahRta kara kevala ikAI akSarAMkoM kA bhI vyavahAra huA hai / yataH-- sva 10, ityAdi sti 20, eka 40, sva100, sva sva115, 0 la eka400, sva sti 1240 eka 1 trizatI nAmaka gaNita viSayaka saMgraha grantha meM jaina "ke" rUpa meM eka se dasa hajAra taka ke akSarAMka likhe haiN| upayukta tAlikA meM pAye hue eka se tIna sau taka ke aMkoM ke pazcAt adhika kI tAlikA yahAM dI jAtI hai : "stU 400, ste 500, rate 600, stA 700, stio 800, staM 900,sta: 1000, kSu 2001 kSa 3000,kSA 4000, kSa 5000, pakSa 6000, kSiA 7000, kSo 8000,kSa9000, kSaH10001

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408 iti gaNitasaMkhyA jainAGkAnAM smaaptaa| ina akSarAtmaka aMkoM kI utpatti kI prAdi kaise huI ? yaha batA sakanA kaThina hai, para prArambha ke do tIna akSaroM ke lie likhe jAte sva, svi, sti, zrI athavA UM namaH yA zrI zrI zrI ye maMgalIka ke lie prayavata akSaroM se prArambha huaA vidita hotA hai| Age ke saMketoM kA vAstavika bIja kyA hai? zodhakara vAstavika nirNaya meM aba taka vidvAnoM kI kalpanA saphala nahIM ho sakI hai| zunyAMka : jaina cheda AgamoM kI cUNi meM jahAM mAsa, laghu mAsa, guru, caturlaghu ,caturguru, SaDlaghu, SaDguru prAyazcita ke saMketa likhe haiM vahAM usa saMkhyA kA nideza eka,cAra, cha: zUnya ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai| yata: ., 00 .. 000 000, 00 .., 000 isa prakAra khAlI zUnya laghutA sUcaka aura kAle bhare zUnya gurutva sUcaka haiN| zabvAtmaka aMka: jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayanAdi meM vaidika granthoM evaM jyotiSa chaMdAdi vividha viSayaka granthoM meM, zilAlekhoM, grantha prazastiyoM va puSpikAnoM meM zabdAMkoM kA prayoga prAcIna kAla se calA pAtA hai| kucha sArvajanika aura kucha sAMpradAyika, pAribhASika, dhArmika, vyAvaja sta yoM ke bheda kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para rUDha zabdAMkoM kA binA bheda bhAva se granthakAroM. kaviyoM aura lekhakoM ne unma kta prayoga kiyA hai, jisakI tAlikA bahuta baDI taiyAra ho sakatI hai| yahAM jisa-jisa aMka ke lie jina zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai use diyA jA rahA hai : 0 zUnya, bindU, randhra, kha, chidra, pUrNa, gagana, AkAza, viyat, vyoma, nabha, abhra, antarikSa, ambarAdi / 1. kali, rUpa, Adi, pitAmaha, nAyaka, tanu, zazi, vidhu, indu, candra, zItAMzu, zItarazmi, sitaruca, himakara, soma, zazAMka, sudhAMzu, nizeza, nizAkara,kSapAkara, auSadhIza, dAkSAyaNI prANeza, abja (candravAcaka anya zabda bhI),bhU, bhUmi, kSiti, kSamA, dharA, vasudhA, vasundharA urvarA, gA. pathavI, dharaNI, ilA, ku, mahI (pRthvI vAcaka anya zabda bhI) jaivAkRta ityaadi| 2. yama, yamala, yugala, dvaMdva, yugma, dvaya, pakSa, azvina, nAsatya, dama, locana, netra, nayana ikSaNa, akSi.daSTi, cakSa, (netra vAcaka anya zabda bhI) karNa, zruti, zrotra, kAna vAcaka zabda, bAha, kara, hasta, pANI, doSa, bhuja, (hAtha vAcaka zabda samUha), karNa, kUca, poSTha galpha, jAna, jaMghA, (zarIra ke yagma avayava vAcaka anya zabda), ayana, kuTumba, ravicandrI ityaadi| 3. rAma, tripadI, trikAla, trigata, trinetra, loka, jagata, bhavana, (vizva vAcaka zabda samaha), gaNa, kAla, sahodarA, anala, agni, vahni, jvalana, pAvaka,vaizvAnara, dahana, tapana, hatAzana, zikhina, kRzAnu, (agni vAcaka anya zabda samUha), tatva, traita, hota, zakti, puSkara, saMdhyA, brahmA, varNa, svara,puruSa, vacana, artha, gupti ityaadi|

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409 4. veda, zruti, samudra, sAgara, abdhi, jaladhi, jalanidhi, vAdhi, nIradhi, nIra, nidhi, vAridhi, vArinidhi, udadhi, ambudhi, ambunidhi, aMbhodhi, arNava (samudravAcaka anya zabda bhI), kendra, varNa, pAzrama, yuga, turya, kRta, aya, prAya, diza (dizA), bandhu, koSTha, dhyAna, gati, saMjJA, kaSAya ityaadi| 5. bANa, zara, sAyaka, iSu, (bANa vAcaka zabda), bhUta, mahAbhUta, prANa, indriya, akSa, viSaya, tatva, parva, pANDava, artha, varma, vrata, samiti, kAmaguNa, zarIra, anuttara, mahAvrata, ityaadi| ___6. rasa, aMga, kAya, Rtu, mAsArdha, darzana,rAga, ari, zAstra,tarka, kAraka, samAsa, lezyA, kSamAkhaNDa, guNa, guhaka, guhavaktra ityAdi / 7. naga, aga, bhUbhRta, parvata, zaila, adri, giri, (parvata vAcaka zabdAvalI), RSi, muni, atri, vAra, svara, dhAtu, azva, turaga, vAha, haya, vAjina (azva vAcaka zabda), chaMda, dhI, kalatra, bhaya, sAgara, jaladhi (samudra vAcaka zabda samUha) loka ityaadi| 8. vasU, ahi, sA, (sarpa vAcaka anya zabda bhI), nAgendra, nAga, gaja, dantina, diggaja, hastina, mAMtaga, kari, kuMjara, dvipa, karaTin, (hasti vAcaka zabda), takSa, siddhi, bhUti, anuSTaba, maMgala, mada, prabhAvaka, karman, dhI guNa, buddhi guNa, siddha guNa ityaadi| 9. aMka, nanda, nidhi, graha, khaga, hari, nArada, raMdhra, kha, dri, go, pavana, tatva, brahmagupti, brahmavRtti, greveyaka ityAdi / 10. diza, (dizA, AzA, kakubha, dizA, vAcaka zabda) , aMgulI, paMkti, rAvaNazirasa, avatAra, karman, yatidharma, zramaNadharma, prANa ityAdi / 11. rudra, Izvara, hara, Iza, bhava, bharga, zUlin, mahAdeva, 'zupati, ziva, (mahAde' vAcaka zabda), akSauhaNI ityAdi / 12. ravi, sUrya, arka, mArtaNDa, dhumaNi, bhAnu, Aditya, divAkara, dinakara, uSNAMzu, ina, (sUrya vAcaka zabdAvalI), mAsa, rAzi, vyaya, cakrin, bhAvanA, bhikSu,pratimA, yati pratimA ityAdi / __13. vizva, vizvadevA, vAma, atijagatI, aghoSa, kriya sthAna, yakSa ityAdi / 14. manu , vidyA, indra, zakra, vAsava, (indra vAcaka zabda) loka, bhuvana, vizva, ratna, guNasthAna, pUrva, bhUtagrAma, rajju ityaadi| 15. tithi, ghasra, dina, ahan, divasa, (divasa vAcaka zabda) pakSa, paramAdhArmika ityaadi| 16. nRpa, bhUpa, bhUpati, aSTi, kalA, indukalA, zazikalA ityAdi / 17. atysstthi| 18. dhRti, abrahma, pApasthAnaka ityaadi| 19. atighuti| 20. nakha, kRti ityaadi| 21. utkRti, prakRti, svrg| 22. kRza, jAti, parISaha ityAdi / 23. vikRti / 24. gAyatrI, jina, ahaMn ityaadi| 25. ttv| 27. nakSatra, uDu,bha / 32. daMta, rada, ityaadi| 33. deva, amara, tridaza, sura ityAdi / 40. nrk| 48. jgtii| 49. taan| 64. strI klaa| 72. puruSa kalA /

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410 yahAM dI gaI zabda sUcI meM kitanI hI vaikalpika haiM, ataH kisa prasaMga prayoga meM kauna sA cAlU aMka lenA hai yaha vicAraNIya rahatA hai / raMdhra, kha aura chidra kA upayoga zUnya ke lie huA hai aura nau ke lie bhI huA hai| go eka ke lie va nau ke lie bhI vyavaha ta huA hai / pakSa do ke lie va pandraha ke liye bhI vyavahRta huA hai / isI prakAra zruti do ke liye va cAra ke liye, loka aura bhuvana tIna, sAta aura caudaha ke lie, guNa zabda tona aura cha: ke lie, tatva tIna, pAMca, nau aura paccIsa ke lie, samudra vAcaka zabda cAra aura sAta ke lie tathA vizva tIna, teraha aura cauhada ke lie vyavahRta dekhane meM Ate haiN| pustaka lekhana tADapatrIya grantha:-choTe sAija ke tADapattrIya grantha ko do vibhAga ( kaoNlama) meM evaM lambe patroM para tIna kAlama meM likhA jAtA thA / vibhAga ke ubhaya pakSa meM eka DeDha inca kA hAMsiyA (mArjina) rakhA jAtA thaa| bIca ke hAMsiyA meM chidra karake DorA piroyA jAtA thA tAki patra asta vyasta na ho / patra ke dAhinI ora akSarAtmaka patrAMka evaM bAyIM tarapha aMkAtmaka patrAMka likhe jAte the / kitanI hI pratiyoM meM ubhaya pakSa meM eka hI prakAra ke aMka likhe milate haiM / bIca meM chidra karane ke sthAna meM tathA kaI pratiyoM meM kinAre ke hAMsiye meM bhI hiMgulI kA bar3A TIkA (aMgUThe se kiyA jAtA thA / vibhAgIya lekha ke ubhaya pakSa meM sundaratA ke lie borDara yA do tIna khar3I lakIreM khIMca dI jAtI thIM / tADapatra ke patte caur3e-saMkar3e hote the, ataH kahIM adhika va kahIM kama paMktiyAM sama viSama rUpa meM ho jAtI thIM / likhate-likhate jahAM patra saMkaDA ho jAtA thA, paMkti ko zeSa karake candra (sTAra) Adi prakRti cinhita kara dI jAtI thI / anta aura prArambha jahAM se hotA vaisA hI cinha saMketa sambandha milAne meM sahAyaka hotA thA / 'd pustaka lekhana prArambha meM 'do pAI, bhale mIDA' ke bAda jina, gaNadhara, guru, iSTadeva, sarasvatI Adi ke sUcaka namaskAra likhA jAtA aura jahAM zrutaskandha, sarga, khaNDa, labhaka, ucchvAsa Adi kI pUrNAhUti hotI vahAM // cha // evaM samApti sUcaka anya cinha likhakara kucha khAlI jagaha chor3a kara usI prakAra namaskArAdi saha Age kA vibhAga cAlU ho jaataa| kahIM-kahIM grantha ke vibhAga ke zeSa meM yA grantha pUrNAhUti meM cakra, kamala, kalazAdi ko prAkRti banAI jAtI thI / bIca-bIca meM jahAM kahIM gAthA kA TokA, bhASya, cUNi zeSa hone ke anta meM bhI ||ch / likha diyA jAtA thA / kintu rikta sthAna nahIM chor3A jAtA thA / kAgaja ke grantha :-- prArambha meM kAgaja ke grantha bhI tADapatrIya granthoM kI taraha lambAI caur3AI meM chATe muSTi-pustaka ke AkAra meM likhate, kintu do tIna vibhAga karane Avazyaka nahIM the / kitana hA granthoM kI lambAI tADapattrIya granthoM kI bhAMti karake caur3AI bhI unase Dabala arthAt 4 / / iMca kA rakhA jAtI / kintu bAda meM terahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt suvidhA ke lie 12X5 yA isase kamabeza sAija kara diyA gayA / prArambha meM kAgaja ke granthA para borDara kI lakIreM kAlI hotI thIM, para solahavIM zatAbdI se lAla syAhI ke borDara banane lage / tADapattrIya granthoM meM patroM ke na sarakane ke lie khAlI jagaha meM chidra karake DorI piroI jAtI thI / usI prakAra kAgaja granthoM meM bhI usI paddhati kA anukaraNa kara, khAlI jagaha rakhI jAtI; para DorI ke lie chidra kie grantha kvacita hI pAye jAte haiM, kyoMki kAgaja ke patnoM ke sarakane kA bhaya nahIM thA / khAlI jagaha lAla raMga Adi ke TIke yA phUla Adi vividha alaMkAra kiye hue grantha bhI pAye jAte haiM / ubhaya pakSa meM tADapatrIya patrAMka lekhana paddhati ubhaya prakAra pahale pahale pAI jAtI hai, bAda meM kevala aMkoM meM patnAMka evaM eka ora grantha ke nAma kI huNDI (Heading) likha dI jAtI thI / kitane hI saMgraha granthoM meM sIriyala kramika aMka cAlU rakhane para bhI vibhAgIya sUkSma cora aMka kone meM likhe jAte the /

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411 Antar at sAija eka hone se sabhI pattoM meM eka jaisI lakIreM paMktiyAM zrAtI thiiN| jahAM vibhAgIya parisamApti hotI vahAM lAla syAhI se virAma cinha evaM prArambha meM ||60|| zrAdi tathA aMta meM // cha // kI paddhati tADapatrIya lekhana ke anusAra hI pracalita thI / puSpikA saMvRta Adi para dhyAna zrAkarSaNa karane ke liye lAla syAhI se athavA jaise lAla paiMsila phirA dI jAtI hai vaise geru yadi se raMga diyA jAtA thA / prAcIna lekhana vaiziSTyaH graMtha-lekhana meM jahAM vAkyArtha yA sambandha pUrNa hotA thA vahAM pUrNa virAma, doharA pUrNa virAma evaM avAMtara viSaya avataraNa Adi kI parisamApti para || cha || likhA jAtA thA evaM zlokAMka bhI isI prakAra likhA jAtA thA / viziSTa granthoM meM mUlagrantha ke viSaya ko spaSTa karane vAle yantra, cinha, likhane ke sAtha-sAtha zloka saMkhyA, gAthA saMkhyA, grathAMgraMtha, prazasti prAdi likhI jAtI thii| kucha avivekI lekhaka inheM na likhakara grantha ke mahatva aura vaiziSTya ko kama kara dete the ! tADapatrIya granthoM ke citra va TIke Adi ke atirikta kevala kAlI syAhI hI vyavahRta hotI thI / jabaki kAgaja ke granthoM ke lekhana meM kAlI ke atirikta sunaharI, rUpahalI aura lAla syAhI kA prayoga chUTa se huA hai / sunaharI, rUpahalI syAhI meM samagra grantha likhe gae haiM, vaise lAla raMga kA prayoga pUre grantha meM na hokara viziSTa sthAna, puSpikA, granthAgra, uktaM ca, tathAhi, pUrNa virAma Adi meM huA hai / para patnoM kI pRSThabhami meM lAla, nIlA, harA Adi sabhI raMgoM se raMga kara usa para anya raMgoM kA prayoga huA hai / pustaka lekhana ke prakAra: pustakoM ke bAhya prakAra ko lakSita karake Age gaMDI, kacchapI, muSTi Adi pustakoM ke prakAra batalAe gae haiM para jaba kAgaja ke grantha likhe jAne lage to unakI lekhana paddhati va Abhyantarika svarUpa meM paryApta vividhatA A gaI thI / kAgaja para likhe grantha, tripATha, paMcapATha, TabbA, bAlAvabodha zailI, do vibhAgI ( kAlama), sUr3a ( Running ) lekhana, citrapustaka, svarNAkSarI, raupyAkSarI, sUkSmAkSarI, sthUlAkSarI, mizritAkSarI, pauthiyAkAra, guTakAkAra yadi aneka vidhAoM ke saMprApta haiM / tripATha yA tripATa: grantha ke madhya meM bar3e akSara va Upara nIce usake vivecana meM TIkA TabA Adi sUkSmAkSaroM kI paMktiyAM likhI gaI hoM vaha tripATha yA tripATa grantha kahalAtA hai / paMcapATha yA paMcapATa:- jisa grantha ke bIca meM mUlapATha va cAroM ora ke bar3e borDa ra hAMsiyA meM vivecana, TIkA, TabAdi likhA ho, arthAt, lekhana pAMca vibhAgoM meM huA ho vaha paMcapATha yA paMcapATa grantha kahalAtA hai / sUr3a yA sUr3ha :- jo grantha mUla TIkA Adi ke vibhAga binA sIdhA likhA jAtA ho vaha sUr3a yA sUTha ( Running ) lekhana kahalAtA hai / prAcIna grantha mUla, TIkA Adi alaga-alaga likhe jAte the taba tADapatrIya granthoM meM aise koI vibhAga nahIM the, jaba mUla ke sAtha TIkA, cUrNi, niryukti, bhASya, bAlAvabodha Adi sAtha meM likhe

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412 jAne lage to tripATha yA paMcapAThAdi vibhAgIya lekhana prArambha huA / isase eka hI prati meM TIkA Adi par3hane kI sugamatA ho gaI / TabA yA bAlAvabodha lI : - tripATha, paMcapATha se bhinna TabA likhane kI zailI meM eka-eka paMkti ke mUla bar3e akSaroM ke Upara choTe akSaroM meM vivecana, TabA va thor3e se bar3e akSaroM ke Upara nIce vizada vivecana choTe akSaroM meM likhA jAtA thA / zrAnandaghana caubIsI bAlAvabodhAdi kI kaI pratiyAM isI zailI kI upalabdha hai| vibhAgIya ( kAlama) pustaka, kucha sukSmAkSarI Adi do vibhAga meM likhI huI pustakeM milatI haiM tathA kaI pratiyoM meM nAmAvalI sUcI, bAlAvabodha Adi likhane meM suvidhAnusAra kAlama banAkara ke likhe hue kAgaja ke grantha upalabdha haiM / citra pustaka: - yahAM citra pustaka kA grAzaya sacitra pustaka se nahIM para yaha vaha vidyA hai| jisase lekhanakalA kI khUbI se isa prakAra jagaha chor3akara akSara lekhana hotA hai jisase caupaTa, vajra, svastika, chatra, phUla Adi vividha AkRtiyAM ubhara AtI haiM aura vyakti kA nAma bhI citra rUpa meM parilakSita ho jAtA hai / kabhI-kabhI yaha lekhana lAla syAhI se likhA hone se lekhana kalA svayaM bola uThatI hai / hAMsiyA aura madhya bhAga meM jahAM chidra kI jagaha rakhane kI tAr3apattrIya prathA thI vahAM vividha phUla Adi iitrata hote / svarNAkSarI-raupyAkSarA granthaH- Age batAyI huI vidhi ke anusAra svarNAkSarI, raupyAkSarI aura gaMgA-jamanI grantha lekhana ke liye isa syAhI kA prayoga hotA / granthoM ko vizeSa camakadAra dikhAne ke lie kAgaja ke patroM kI pRSThabhUmi ( baikagrAuNDa) lAla, kAlA grAsamAnI, jAmunI yAdi gahare raMga se raMga kara akIka, kamATI, koDA Adi se ghoTakara mulAyama, pAlisadAra banA liyA jAtA thA / phira pUrvollikhita sone cAMdI ke varka cUrNa ko dhava ke goMda ke pAnI ke sAtha taiyAra kI huI syAhI se grantha likhA jAtA thA / likhAvaTa sUkha jAne para akIka Adi kI propaNI se ghoTakara propadAra banA lie jAte the / ina patroM ke bIca meM va hAMsiye meM vividha manorama citra haMsapavita, gaja paMkti zrAdi se alaMkRta karake advitIya nayanAbhirAma banA diyA jAtA thA / svarNAkSarI, raupyAkSarI syAhI kI likhI huI tADapatrIya pustakeM aba eka bhI prApta nahIM haiM para mahArAjA kumArapAla aura vastupAla mahAmAtya ne aneka svarNAkSarI grantha likhAe the vartamAna meM prApta jisakA ullekha kumArapAla pravandha va upadezataraMgiNI meM pAyA jAtA hai / svarNAkSarI grantha pandrahavIM zatI se milate haiM / raupyAkSarI usake paravartI kAla se milate haiM / svarNAkSarI pratiyAM kalpasUtra aura kAlakAcArya kathA kI pracura parimANa meM prApta haiM aura kvacit bhagavatI sUtra, uttarAdhyayana sUtra, navasmaraNa, adhyAtmagItA, zAlibhadrarAsa evaM stotrAdi bhI pAye jAte haiM / sUkSmAkSarI granthaH - tApattrIya yuga meM sUkSmAkSarI pratiyAM nahIM milatIM, para kAgaja ke grantha lekhana meM sUkSma prakSaroM kA tripATha, paMcapATha Adi lekhana meM paryApta prayoga huaa| sAdhunoM ko bihAra meM adhika bhAra uThAnA na par3e isa dRSTikoNa se bhI usakA pracalana upayogI thA / jJAna bhaNDAroM meM kaI eka sUkSmAkSarI grantha pAye jAte haiM / yo kevala eka patra meM dazavekAlikAdi Agama likhe milate haiM / tarApaMthI sAdhuyoM ne tathA kucha kalAkAroM ne sUkSmAkSara meM ullekhanIya kIrtimAna kAyama kiyA hai, para ve paThana-pAThana meM upayogI na hokara pradarzanI yogya mAtra haiM / sthUlAkSarI granthaH- paThana-pAThana ke suvidhArthaM vizeSa kara samvatsarI ke dina kalpasUtra mUla kA pATha saMgha ke samakSa bAMcane ke liye sthUlAkSarI grantha likhe jAte the / paryApta vikAsa dRSTigocara hotA kAgaja yuga meM isakA I

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413 karttarita grantha:--kAgaja ko kevala akSarAkRti meM kATakara binA syAhI ke Alekhita granthoM meM mAtra eka 'gItagovinda' kI prati baDaudA ke gAyakavADa orieNTala insTITyUTa meM hai| bAkI phuTakara patra evaM citrAdi paryApta pAye jAte haiM / mizritAkSarI:-choTe-bar3e mizrita akSaroM kI pratiyoM kA paricaya varNana TabA, bAlAvabodha kI evaM saparyAya pratiyoM meM cArutayA parilakSita hotA hai / ____guTakAkAra grantha:-inakA eka mApa nahIM hotaa| ye choTe-bar3e sabhI AkAra-prakAra ke pAye jAte haiN| pothiye, gaTake grAdi bIca meM silAI kie hae, jaja silAI vAle bhI milate haiN| barAbara pannoM ko kATakara silAI karane se Age se tIkhe aura avaziSTa eka se hote haiN| unakI jildeM bhI kalApUrNa, surakSita aura makhamala, chIMTa, kimakhvApa-jarI Adi kI hotI haiN| kucha guTake silAI karake kATe hue Ajakala ke granthoM kI bhAMti milate haiN| mApa meM veM daphtara kI bhAMti bar3e-bar3e phalaskepa sAija ke, DimAI sAija ke vakrAuna va usase choTe lagha aura laghatara mApa ke guTake pracura parimANa meM upalabdha haiN| unameM rAsa, bhAsa, stavana, sajjhAya, pratikramaNa, prakaraNa saMgrahAdi aneka prakAra ke saMgraha hote haiN| hamAre saMgraha meM aise guTake saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM haiM jo solahavIM zatAbdI se bIsavIM zatI taka ke likhe hue haiN| ___ pustaka saMzodhana hastalikhita granthoM meM prati se prati kI nakala kI jAtI thii| Upara vAlI prati yadi azuddha hotI to usa binA saMzodhita prati se nakala karane vAlA bhASA aura lipi kA anabhijJa lekhaka bhrAnta paramparA aura bhUloM kI abhivRddhi karane vAlA hI hotaa| phalasvarUpa grantha meM pAThAntara, pAThabheda kA prAcarya hAtA jAtA aura kaI pATha to azuddha lekhakoM kI kRpA se granthakAra ke prAzaya se bahuta dUra cale jAte the| eka jaisI prAcIna lipi aura mor3a ke bheda se, bhASA va viSaya kI anabhijJatA se jo bhrAntiyAM najara AtI haiM unake kucha kAraNa akSaroM kI mor3a sAmya va anya bhrAntiyAM haiM yahAM kucha udAharaNa prastuta kiye jAte haiM: 1. lipibhramaH-- khara va sva garA ghappa va tha pya cavaThadha to ho If two ma sa rAga va bata ha i tta tU thA thya pA pya sA sya SA Sya gra ggagja tta na cca tha jajJa jaja TaThada Da ra ma ta va dha va na ta va nu tu pa ya e vu tu ppa pya tha gha jja vva dya sUsta svam ttha ccha kRkSa tva ca na prA thA TAya va tha eya gA ema epa ya ai peye kva ka kukSa pta pU pR su mu STha Sva STa Sabda tma tsa tA tya kU kta ka bha sama ya dha

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414 isa prakAra kitanI hI lambI sUcI dI jA sakatI hai| akSarabhrAMti se utpanna pATha bheda meM bhinnArtha, samAnArtha bhI ghaTita ho sakatA hai aura isa cakkara meM bar3e-bar3e vidvAn bhI phaMsa jAte haiM / bhrAMta lekhana se utpanna pATha bhedoM ko dekhie: (1) prabhavaH - prasava, stavana- sUcana, yaccAnyathA, pratyakSatovagamyA- pratyakSabodhagamyA, navA tathA naca-tava, tadvA-tathA, pavattassa - pavannassa, jIvasAtmIkRtaM jIvamAtmIkRtaM, parivuDaDhi - parituTTi, nacaivaM- nardavaM aridAriNI prarivAriNI pravidAriNI, dohalakkheviyA-dohalakkhediyA, naMdIsaradIvagamaNasaMbhavajaNamaMDiyaM- naMdIsaradIvagamaNasaMbhava jiNamaMDiyaM, ghANAmaya pasAdajaNaNa- ghaNogaya pasAdaM jaNaNa, gayakulAsaNNa-rAyakulAsaNNa, sacca-satvaM sattaM vicchUDhadANajalAvilakapolA vigajA-vicchUDhadANajalavitta gholavivajA, ityAdi / ( 2 ) par3I mAtrA viSayaka bhramaH -- kitane hI lekhaka par3ImAtrA-pRSThamAtrA kA rahasya na samajha kara eka dUsare akSara ke sAtha usakI mAtrA ko lagA kara bhrAntapATha kI sRSTi kara DAlate haiM jisase saMzodhana kArya bar3A durUha ho jAtA hai / yataH- kisalayakomalapasatthapANI- kiMsayalakkhAmalapatthapANI; tArAnikara-taronikara tamonikara; AsarAsIo-aserAsIo-asesasIo, ityAdi / (3) patitapATha sthAna parivartanaH -- kitanI hI bAra chUTe hue pATha ko hAMsie meM saMzodhana dvArA likhA jAtA hai jise pratilipikAra saMketa na samajha kara anya sthAna meM use likha dete haiN| aise golamAla pratilipi karate samaya Ae dina dekhane meM Ate haiM / ( 4 ) TippaNa pravezaH -- saMzodhaka dvArA hAMsie para kie gae TippaNa paryAya ko pratilipi kAra bhrAntivaza grantha kA chUTA huA pATha samajha kara mUla pATha meM dAkhila kara dete haiM / ( 5 ) zabda paNDita lekhakoM ke kAraNaH -- kitane hI lekhaka amuka zabdoM ke vizeSa paricita hone se milate-julate sthAna meM aghaTita pheraphAra kara DAlate haiM--- bhrAntivaza ho jAtA hai jisase saMzodhaka ke lie bar3I kaThinAI ho jAtI hai / ( 6 ) akSara yA zabdoM kI astavyastatAH -- lekhaka likhate-likhate akSaroM ko ulaTa-pulaTa kara DAlate haiM jisase pAThAntaroM kI abhivRddhi ho jAtI hai / yataH dAei dAie / ( 7 ) Dabala pATha: - - kitanI hI bAra lekhaka grantha likhate hue pATha ko Dabala likha DAlate haiM jisase likhita pustaka meM pATha bheda kI sRSTi ho jAtI hai / jaise-savva pAsaNiehiM savva pAsaNiehi savvapAsatthapAsaNiehi, tassarUva--tassarU vassarUva ityAdi / ( 8 ) pATha skhalana: - -grantha ke viSaya aura artha se ajJAta lekhaka kitanI hI bAra bhaMgakAdi viSayaka sacce pATha ko Dabala samajha kara chor3a dete haiM jisase gambhIra bhUleM paidA hokara vidvAnoM ko bhI ulajhana meM DAla detI haiM / isa prakAra aneka kAraNoM se lekhakoM dvArA utpanna bhrAnti aura ardha- dagdha-paNDitoM dvArA bhrAnti bhinnArtha ko janma dekara uparinirdiSTa udAharaNoM kI bhAMti sahI pATha nirNaya meM vidvAnoM ko bar3I asuvidhA ho jAtI hai / saMzodhakoM kI nirAdhAra kalpanA : prAyogika jJAna meM adhUre saMzodhaka zabda va artha jJAna meM aparicita hone se apanI matikalpanA se saMzodhana kara nae pATha bheda paidA kara dete haiM, tathA sacce pATha ke badale aparicita prayoga

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415 dekara anartha kara DAlate haiN| khaNDita pATha kI pUrti karane ke bahAne saMzodhakoM kI mati-kalpanA bhI pAThabhedoM meM abhivRddhi kara detI hai kyoMki patra cipaka jAne se, akSara ur3a jAne se, dImaka khA jAne se rikta sthAna kI pUrti dUsarI prati se milAne para hI zuddha hogI anyathA kalpanA prasRta pATha bhrAnta paramparA ko janma dene vAle hote haiM / graMtha saMzodhana kI prAcIna arvAcIna praNAlI: jJAna bhaNDArastha granthoM ke vizada avalokana se vidita hotA hai ki likhate samaya grantha meM bhala ho jAtI to tADapatrIya lekhaka adhika pATha ko kATa dete yA pAnI se poMcha kara nayA pATha likha dete the| chUTe hue pATha ko dene ke lie "A" pakSI ke paMje kI AkRti dekara kinAre XX ke madhya meM 'A' dekara likhA jAne lagA thaa| adhika pATha ko haTAe hue rikta sthAna ko lakIra tathA anyAkRti se pUrNa kara diyA jAtA thaa| solahavIM zatAbdI meM prati saMzodhana meM AI haI kATAkATI kI asundaratA ko miTAne ke lie saphedA yA haratAla kA prayoga hone lgaa| azuddhi para haratAla lagA kara zuddha pATha likhA jAne lgaa| azuddha akSara ko sudhArane ke lie jaise 'ca' kA 'va' karanA ho, 'Sa' kA 'pa' karanA ho 'tha' kA 'ya' karanA ho to akSara ke adhika bhAga ko haratAla Adi se Dhaka kara zuddha kara diyA jAtA, yahI praNAlI Aja taka cAlU hai| vaTaka pATha ko likhane ke lie to unhIM cinhoM ko dekara hAMsiye meM likhanA par3atA va Aja bhI yahI rIti pracalita hai / graMtha saMzodhana ke sAdhana : grantha saMzodhana karane ke lie pIchI, haratAla, saphedA, cUMTo (aopaNI), gerU aura Dore kA samAveza hotA hai| ataH ina vastuoM ke sambandha meM nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| ____ pIchI:-citrakalA ke upayogI pIchI-bruza Adi hAtha se hI banAne par3ate aura usa samaya TAlorI-khisakolI ke bArIka bAloM se vaha banatI thii| ye bAla svAbhAvika grathita aura TikAU hote the| kabatara kI pAMkha ke polAra meM piro kara yA moTI banAnA ho to mayara ke pAMkhoM ke UparI bhAga meM pirokara taiyAra kara lI jAtI thii| Dore ko goMda prAdi se majabata kara liyA jAtA aura vaha citrakalA yA grantha saMzodhana meM prayukta haratAla, saphedA Adi meM prayukta hotI thii| haratAla:--yaha dagar3I aura varagI do taraha kI hotI hai| grantha saMzodhana meM 'varagI haratAla' kA prayoga hotA hai| haratAla ke bArIka chane hae cUrNa ko bAMvala ke goMda ke pAnI meM milA kara, ghoTakara, Age batAI huI hiMgala kI vidhi se taiyAra kara sukhA kara rakhanA caahie| saphedA:--saphedA Aja kala taiyAra milatA hai| use goMda ke pAnI meM ghoTa kara taiyAra karane se grantha saMzodhana meM kAma A sakatA hai| para haratAla kA saundarya aura TikAUpana adhika ghUTA yA propaNI:--Age likhA jA cukA hai ki akoka, kasauTI yA dariyAI kAMDoM se kAgaja para pAlisa hotI hai| haratAla, saphedA lage kAgajoM para propaNI karake phira nae akSara likhane se ve phailate nahIM--syAhI phUTatI nahIM / gerU:--jaise Ajakala viziSTa vAkya, zloka, puSpikA Adi para lAla painsila se aNDara lAIna karate haiM vaise hastalikhita granthoM meM bhI AkarSaNa ke lie pada, vAkya, gAthA, pariccheda, parisamApti sthAna gerU se raMga die jAte the /

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416 DorA:--tAr3apatrIya yuga meM smRti yogya paMkti, pATha, adhikAra, adhyayana, uddezya Adi kI parisamApti sthAna meM bArIka DorA piro kara bar3hA hayA bAhara chor3a diyA jAtA thA / jaise Ajakala phlega cinhita kiyA jAtA hai aura usase granthAdi kA prasaMga khojane meM suvidhA hotI hai, vaise hI tADapatrIya yuga kI yaha paddhati thii| pustaka saMzodhana ke saMketa cinha : jisa prakAra lekhana aura saMzodhana meM pUrNa virAma, arddha virAma, alpa virAma, praznavirAma Azcaryadarzaka cinha, arthadyotaka cinha, chanda samAsa dyotaka cinha, zaMkita pATha dyotaka cinhAdi pracalita haiM, pUrAkAlIna jaina vidvAnoM ne bhI lekhana sauSThava ko dhyAna meM rakha kara vividha cinhoM kA prayAga kiyA hai| ve cinha kaba aura kisa sthiti meM prayukta hote the ? usakA yahAM nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai| zodha ke TE: 1) .,.x.x,x.. (3) x. (3) .. .. (4 . 1) 2.1. CE) *s, A4055, i. 9 3. 3 3: 7 3, OM. . . , e.5,ai - e.5,A%.. 7) pra.pA., pratyaM.'pAga0, prabatare' pAtaram. (G), paM.,3.u.'paM.na. hai.dI. paM.nI.. ():. (10)". ) ' '. (13) 1,12.13,23, 32.41,53, 62,73,81 3mAri (13) 1,2,3,4.5.6. Scaric 14)-,, (15) 7,80. (98)..... ..... . ....... . 7.0 7.0, m, G., , T. T, nA, 1,a, Alt +, ma. .. .. ina cinhoM kI pahacAna ina nAmoM se kIjie:-- (1) patitapATha darzaka cinha:--lekhakoM kI asAvadhAnI se chUTe hue sthAna para yaha cinha karake hAMsiye para truTaka pATha likhA jAtA hai aura donoM sthAna meM cinha kara die jAte haiN| (2) patita pATha vibhAga darzaka cinhaH- yaha cinha chUTe hue pATha ko bAhara likhane ke ubhaya pakSa meM diyA jAtA hai jisase akSara yA pATha kA sela-bhela na ho jaay| isake pAsa 'no' yA 'paM.' karake jisa paMkti kA ho nambara diyA jAtA hai|

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417 (3) AkArAnta -- 'kAnA' darzaka cinhaH -- yaha grakSara ke grAge kI mAtrA '' chUTa gaI ho vahAM akSara ke Upara dI jAtI hai / ( 4 ) pratyAkSara vAcana darzana cinha: -- yaha cinha likhe gae akSara ke badale dUsarA akSara likhane kI hAlata meM lagAyA jAtA hai / jaise 'za' ke badale 'Sa', 'sa' ke badale 'za', 'ja' ke badale 'ya', 'Sa' ke badale 'kSa' Adi / yataH -- satu zatru, khaT SaT jajJa yajJa, jAtrA yAtrA Adi / (5) pATha parAvRtti darzaka cinha: -- akSara yA vAkya ke ulaTa-pulaTa likhe jAne para sahI pATha batAne ke lie akSara para likha diyA jAtA hai / yataH -- ' vanacara' ke badale 'vacanara' khAla gayA ho to vacanara zabda para cinha kara diyA jAtA hai / ( 6 ) svara sandhyaMza darzaka cinha: -- yaha cinha sandhi ho jAne ke pazcAt luptasvara ko batAne vAlA hai / ina cinhoM ko bhI Upara aura kabhI nIce va anusvAra yukta hone para nu svAra sahita bhI kiyA jAtA hai / yataH - ssi sss ityAdi / (7) pATha bheda darzaka cinha: -- eka prati ko dUsarI prati se milAne para jo pAThAntara, tyintara ho usake lie yaha cinha likha kara pATha diyA jAtA hai / ( 8 ) pAThAnusaMdhAna darzaka cinha: -- chUTe hue pATha ko hAMsie meM likhane ke pazcAt kisa paMkti kA vaha pATha hai yaha anusaMdhAna batAne ke lie pro. paM. likha kara prolI, paMkti kA nambara de diyA jAtA hai / ( 9 ) padaccheda darzaka cinha: -- prAjakala kI taraha vAkya zabda eka sAtha na likha kara Age alaga-alaga akSara likhe jAte the, ataH zuddha pATha karane ke lie Upara khar3I lAIna kA cinha karake zabda akSara pArthakya batA diyA jAtA thA / ( 10 ) vibhAga darzaka cinha: -- Upara die gae sAmAnya padaccheda cinha se Dabala lAina dekara sambandha, viSaya yA zlokA kI parisamApti para yaha lagAyA jAtA hai / ( 11 ) eka pada darzaka cinha: -- eka pada hone para bhI bhrAnti na ho isalie donoM ora Upara khar3I lAina lagA dete the / yataH - - ' syAtpada' eka vAkya ko koI syAt aura pada alagaalaga na samajha baiThe isalie bAkya ke donoM ora isakA prayoga hotA thA / ( 12 ) vibhakti vacana darzaka cinha:- :--yaha cinha aMka paraka hai / sAta vibhakti aura saMbodhana milAkara ATha vibhaktiyoM ko tIna vacanoM se saMbaddha - sUcana karane ke lie prathamA kA dvivacana zabda para 12, aSTamI ke bahuvacana para 83 prAdi aMka likha kara nirbhrAnti banA diyA jAtA thA / saMbodhana ke lie kahIM kahIM 'hai' bhI likhA jAtA thA / ( 13 ) anvaya darzaka cinha: - - yaha cinha bhI vibhakti vacana ko cinha kI bhAMti ka likha kara prayukta kiyA jAtA thaa| tAki saMzayAtmaka vAkyoM meM artha bhrAnti na ho, zlokoM meM padoM kA anvaya bhI aMkoM dvArA batalA diyA jAtA thA /

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418 ( 14 ) TippaNaka darzaka cinha: - - yaha cinha sUtrapATha ke bheda - paryAya prAdi dikhAne ke lie vAkya para cinha karake hAMsie meM vahI cinha karake paryAyArtha yA vyAkhyA likha dI jAtI thI / ( 15 ) vizeSaNa vizeSya sambandha darzaka cinhaH - - dUra-dUra rahe hue zabdoM kA vizeSaNavizeSya Akalana karane ke lie ye cinha kara dene se prabuddha vAcaka tatkAla saMbaMdha ko pakar3a letAsamajha sakatA hai / ( 16 ) pUrvapada parAmarzaka cinha: - - ye cinha duruha haiM / tarka zAstra ke grantha meM bAra-bAra Ane vAle tat zabda ko alaga-alaga artha dyotaka batAne ke lie vyartha ke TippaNa na dekara saMketa se artha samajhane ke lie ina cinhoM kA prayoga hotA thA / sAdhAraNa lekhakoM kA samajha se bAhara vicakSaNa vidvAnoM ke hI kAma meM Ane vAle ye cinha haiM / dArzanika viSaya ke granthoM ke lambe sambandhoM para bhinna-bhinna vikalpa carcA meM usakA anusaMdhAna prApta karane ke lie isa prakAra ke cinha bar3e sahAyaka hote haiM / vidvAna jaina zramaNa varga Aja bhI apane gambhIra saMzodhana kArya meM ina zailiyoM kA anukaraNa karatA hai / jaina lekhana kalA, saMzodhana kalA ke prAcIna arvAcIna sAdhanoM para yahAM jo vivecana huA hai isase vidita hotA hai ki jaina lekhana kalA kitanI vaijJAnika, vikasita aura anukaraNIya tho / bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa meM jainoM kA yaha mahAn anudAna sarvadA svarNAkSaroM meM aMkita rahegA / jaina jJAna bhaMDAroM kA mahattva : prArambha meM jo jaina zramaNa varga zrutajJAna ko lipibaddha karane ke vipakSa meM thA vaha samaya ke anukUla use parama upAdeya mAnane lagA aura devaddha gaNi kSamAzramaNa ke samaya se jJAnopakaraNa kA savizeSa prayoga karane ke lie upadeza dene lagA / Aja hamAre samakSa tatkAlIna likhita vAGamaya kA eka pannA bhI upalabdha nahIM hai / ataH ve kaise likhe jAte the, kaise saMzodhana kiyA jAtA thA, kahAM aura kisa prakAra rakhA jAtA thA, isa viSaya meM prakAza DAlane kA koI sAdhana nahIM hai / gata eka hajAra varSa ke grantha va jJAna bhaNDAra vidyamAna haiM jisase hameM mAlUma hotA hai ki zrutajJAna kI abhivRddhi meM jaina zramaNa aura zrAvaka varga ne savizeSa yogadAna kiyA thA / zrI haribhadrasUrijI ne yAgadRSTisamuccaya meM 'lekhanA pUjanA dAnaM' dvArA pustaka lekhana ko yoga bhUmikA kA aMga batalAyA hai / 'maha jiNANaM prANa' sajjhAya meM pustaka lekhana ko nimnokta gAthA meM zrAvaka kA nitya - kRtya batalAyA hai / saMghovari bahumANo putthayalihaNaM pabhAvaNA titthe / saDDhANakiccameyaM nicca sugurUvaeseNaM |15|| bArahavIM zatAbdI meM sUrAcArya ne bhI 'dAnAdiprakAza' ke pAMcaveM pravasara meM pustaka lekhana kI bar3I mahimA gAyI hai / "usa jamAne meM granthoM ko jJAna bhaNDAroM meM rakhA jAtA thA / eka hajAra varSa pUrva bhI rAjAoM ke yahAM pustaka saMgraha rakhA jAtA thA, sarasvatI bhaNDAra hote the / caityavAsiyoM se sambandhita maTha-mandiroM meM bhI jJAnakakSa avazya rahatA thA I suvihita ziromaNi zrI varddhamAnasUri-jinezvarasUri ke pATana kI rAjasabhA meM caityavAsiyoM ke sAtha hue zAstrArtha meM pATaNa ke sarasvatI bhaNDAra se hI 'dazava kAlika' grantha lAkara prastuta kiyA gayA thA / musalamAnI kAla meM nAlandA vizvavidyAlaya ke granthAgAra kI bhAMti pragaNita jJAna

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419 bhaNDAroM va granthoM ko jalA kara naSTa kara DAlA gyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcInatama likhe grantha grAja upalabdha nahIM haiN| jisa prakAra devAlayoM aura pratimAoM ke vinAza ke sAtha-sAtha nava-nirmANa hotA gayA usI prakAra jaina zAsana ke karNadhAra jainAcAryoM ne zAstra nirmANa va lekhana kA kArya cAla rkhaa| jisake pratApa se Aja vaha paramparA baca paaii| bhAratIya jJAna-vijJAna ke kSetra meM jaina jJAna bhaNDAra eka atyanta gaurava kI vastu hai| jJAna bhaMDAroM kI sthApanA va abhivRddhi : hastalikhita granthoM ke puSpikA lekha tathA kumArapAla prabandha, vastupAla caritra, prabhAvaka caritra, sukRtasAgara mahAkAvya, upadeza taraMgiNI, karmacanda maMtrivaza-prabandha, anekoM rAsa evaM aitihAsika caritroM se samRddha zrAvakoM dvArA lAkhoM-karor3oM ke sadvyaya se jJAna koza likhavAne tathA pracArita karane ke vizaddha ullekha pAe jAte haiN| zilAlekhoM kI bhAMti hI granthalekhana-puSpikAoM va prazastiyoM kA bar3A bhArI aitihAsika mahatva hai| jaina rAjAoM, mantriyoM evaM dhanADhya zrAvakoM ke satkAryoM kI virudAvalI meM likhI huI prazastiyAM kisI bhI khaNDa kAvya se kama mahatvapUrNa nahIM haiN| gUrjarezvara siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAladeva ne bahuta bar3e parimANa meM zAstroM ko tAr3apatrIya pratiyAM svarNAkSarI va sacitrAdi taka likhavAyI thiiN| yaha paramparA na kevala jaina narapati zrAvaka varga meM hI thI parantu zrI jinacandrasUrijI ko akabara dvArA 'yugapradhAna pada dene para bIkAnera mahArAjA rAyasiMha, kuMara dalapatasiMha Adi dvArA bhI saMkhyAbaddha pratiyAM likhavA kara bheMTa karane ke ullekha milate haiM evaM ina granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM bIkAnera, khaMbhAta prAdi ke jJAna bhaNDAroM meM grantha sthApita karane ke vizada varNana pAe jAte haiN| tribhuvanagiri ke yAdava rAjA kumArapAla dvArA pradatta pustikA ke kASThaphalaka kA citra, jisameM jainAcArya zrI jinadattasUri aura mahArAjA kumArapAla kA citra hai / isa para "napatikumArapAla bhaktirastu' likhA huA hai| samrATa akabara apanI sabhA ke paMDita yati padmasundara kA grantha bhaNDAra, hIra dijayasUri ko denA cAhatA thA, para unhoMne liyA nahIM, taba unakI niSpahatA se prabhAvita hokara AgarA meM jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita kiyA gayA thA / jaina zrAvakoM ne apane guruoM ke upadeza se bar3e-bar3e jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita kie the| bhagavatI sUtra zravaNa karate samaya gautama svAmI ke chattIsa hajAra praznoM para svarNa mudrAeM car3hAne kA pethaDazAha, sonI saMgrAmasiMha Adi kA evaM chattIsa hajAra motI car3hAne kA varNana mantrIzvara karmacandra ke caritra meM pAyA jAtA hai| una motiyoM ke bane hue cAra-cAra sau varSa prAcIna candravA pUThiyA Adi cAlIsa varSa pUrva taka bIkAnera ke bar3e upAzraya meM vidyamAna the| zrI jinabhadrasUri jI ke upadeza se jaisalamera, pATaNa, khaMbhAta, jAlora, devagiri, nAgaura Adi sthAnoM meM jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita hone kA varNana upAdhyAya samayasundara gaNi kRta 'kalpalatA' grantha meM pAyA jAtA hai| dharaNAzAha, maNDana, dhanarAja aura pethar3azAha, parvata kAnhA evaM bhaNazAlI thAharuzAha ne jJAna bhaNDAra sthApita karane meM apanI lakSmI kA mukta hasta se vyaya kiyA thaa| thAharuzAha kA bhaNDAra Aja bhI jaisalamera meM vidyamAna hai| jaina jJAna bhaNDAroM meM binA kisI dhArmika bheda. bhAva ke jo grantha saMgrahIta kie gae, Aja bhI bhAratIya vAGmaya ke saMrakSaNa meM gauravAspada hai| kyoMki aneka jainetara granthoM ko saMrakSita rakhane kA zreya kevala jaina jJAna bhaNDAroM ko hI hai| vartamAna meM jaina jJAna bhaNDAra sAre bhAratavarSa meM phaile hae haiN| yadyapi lAkhoM grantha ayogya uttarAdhikAriyoM dvArA naSTa ho gae, bika gae, videza cale gae, phira bhI jaina jJAna bhaNDAroM meM sthita avaziSTa lAkhoM grantha zodhaka vidvAnoM ko apanI ora AkRSTa karate haiN| gujarAta meM pATaNa, ahamadAbAda, pAlanapura, rAdhanapura, kher3A, khaMbhAta, chANI, bar3odA, pAdarA, darAparA, DabhoI, sinora, bharoMca, surata evaM mahArASTra meM bambaI va pUnA ke jJAna bhaNDAra suprasiddha hai /

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420 saurASTra meM bhAvanagara, pAlItAnA, ghoghA, lIMbaDI, baDhavANa, jAmanagara, mAMgarola grAdi sthAnoM meM jJAna bhaNDAra haiM / kaccha meM koDAya aura mANDavI kA jJAna bhaNDAra vikhyAta hai| rAjasthAna meM jaisalamera, bIkAnera, bAr3amera, bAlotarA, jodhapura, nAgaura, jayapura, pIpAr3a, pAlI, lohAvaTa, phalaudI, udayapUra gar3hasivAnA, pAhIra, jAlaura, muMDArA, cUrU, saradArazahara, phatehapura, kizanagar3ha, koTA, jha jhanaM Adi sthAnoM meM nae-purAne grantha saMgraha jJAna bhaNDAra haiN| akele bIkAnera se hajAroM pratiyAM bAhara cale jAne va kaI to samUce jJAna bhaNDAra naSTa ho jAne para bhI Aja vahAM lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM hastalikhita pratiyAM vidyamAna haiN| rAjakIya anapa saMskRta lAyabrerI meM hajAroM jaina grantha haiN| paMjAba meM aMbAlA, hoziyArapura, jaDiyAlA, Adi meM jJAna bhaNDAra haiM tathA katipaya jJAna bhaNDAra dillI, rUpanagara meM A gae haiN| prAgarA, vArANasI Adi uttara pradeza ke sthAnoM ke acche jJAna bhaNDAra haiN| ujjaina, indora, zivapurI Adi madhya pradeza meM bhI kaI jJAna bhaNDAra haiN| kalakattA, ajImagaja Adi baMgAla deza ke jJAna bhaNDAroM kA apanA anokhA mahatva hai| prAgamoM ko prArambhika mudraNa yuga meM suvyavasthita aura pracura parimANa meM prakAzita karane kA zreya yahAM ke rAya dhanapatasiMha dUgar3a ko hai| zrI pUraNa canda jI nAhara kI 'galAbakumArI lAyabrerI' sAre deza meM prasiddha hai| tAr3apatrIya prAcIna grantha saMgraha ke lie jisa prakAra jaisalamera, pATaNa aura khaMbhAta prasiddha hai, usI prakAra kAgaja para likhe grantha bIkAnera aura ahamadAbAda meM sarvAdhika haiN| digambara samAja ke tADapatrIya granthoM meM maDabidrI vikhyAta hai tathA pArA kA jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ajamera va nAgaura ke bhaTTArakajI kA bhaNDAra tathA jayapura Adi sthAnoM ke digambara jaina grantha bhaNDAra bar3e hI mahatvapUrNa haiM / jJAna bhaNDAroM kI vyavasthA : prAcInakAla meM jJAna bhaNDAra bilkula banda kamaroM meM rakhe jAte the| jaisalamera kA suprasiddha zrI jinabhadrasUri jJAna bhaNDAra to kile para sthita saMbhavanAtha jinAlaya ke nIce talaghara meM surakSita koTharI meM thaa| jisameM praveza pAne ke lie antargata koTharI ke choTe se daravAje meM se nikalanA par3atA thaa| aba bhI hai to vahIM, para prAge se kucha sudhAra ho gayA hai| prAge granthoM ko patthara kI peTiyoM meM rakhate the jahAM sadI va jIva jantuoM kI bilkula saMbhAvanA nahIM thii| tADapatrIya granthoM ko lakar3I kI paTrikAoM ke vIca khAdI ke vITAMgaNoM meM kasa kara rakhA jAtA thaa| Ajakala Adhanika sTIla kI alamAriyoM meM apane mApa ke atyuminiyama ke DabboM meM tADapatrIya granthoM ko surakSita rakhA gayA hai aura unakI vivaraNAtmaka sUcI bhI prakAza meM prA gaI hai| prAcInakAla meM kevala grantha ke nAma mAtra aura patra saMkhyAtmaka sUcI rahatI thii| kahIMkahIM granthakartA kA nAma bhI apavAda rUpa meM likhA rahatA thaa| eka hI baNDala yA DAbar3e meM kAgaja para likhe aneka grantha rakhe jAte aura unheM kvacit sUta ke Dore meM lapeTa kara dusare grantha ke sAtha pannoM ke selabhela hone se bacAyA jAtA thaa| kAgaja kI kamI se Ajakala kI bhAMti pUrA kAgaja lapeTanA mahaoM par3ane se kahIM-kahIM kAgaja kI cIpoM meM granthoM ko lapeTa kara, cipakA kara rakhe jAte the| yahI kAraNa hai ki samucita sAra saMbhAla ke abhAva meM granthoM ke khule panne astavyasta hokara apUrNa ho jAte the| bichar3e pannoM ko milAnA aura granthoM ko pUrNa karanA eka bahuta hI duSkara kArya hai / tADapatrIya granthoM ko usI mApa ke kASThaphalakoM ke bIca kasa kara bAMdhA jAtA thaa| katipaya kASThaphalaka vividha citra samaddhi yakta pAe jAte haiN| zikharabaddha jinAlaya, tI pratimA citra, upAzraya meM jainAcAryoM kI vyAkhyAna sabhA, caturdaza mahAsvapna, aSTamaMgalIka, bela baTe, rAjA aura pradhAnAdi rAjyAdhikArI, zrAvaka-zrAvikAeM, vAdi devasUri aura di. kumudacandra ke zAstrArtha Adi ke civAMkana pAe jAte haiN| kAgaja ke grantha jina DAbar3e-DibboM meM rakhe jAte the ve bhI lakar3I yA kuTe ke bane hue hote the| jina para vividha prakAra ke citra banA kara vAniza kara diyA jAtA thaa| una DabboM

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421 para nambara lagAne kI paddhati bhI tIrthaMkara nAma, gaNadhara, aSTa maMgalIka Adi ke abhidhAna saMketa maya hA karate the| hastalikhita kAgaja ke grantha paThA, paTaDI, pATiyA Adi ke bIca rakhe jAte the| pUThoM ko vividha prakAra se makhamala, kAracobI, hAthIdAMta, kAMca va kasIde ke kAma se alaMkRta kiyA jAtA thaa| kaI pUThe cAMdI, sone va candanAdi ke nirmita pAe jAte haiM, jina para aSTa maMgalIka, catudarza mahAsvapnAdi kI manojJa, kalAkRtiyAM banI huI haiN| kUTe ke puThoM para samavazaraNa, neminAtha barAta, dazArNabhadra, ilApUtra kI naTavidyA prAdi viSaya vividha kathA-vastuoM se sambandhita citrAlaMkRti pAI jAtI haiN| kalamadAna lakar3I ke atirikta kUTe ke bhI majabUta halke aura zatAbdiyoM taka na bigar3ane vAle banAe jAte the| hamAre saMgraha meM eka kalamadAna para kRSNalIlA ke vividha citra vidyamAna haiN| jaisalamera kI citra samRddhi meM haMsapaMkti, bagapaMkti, gajapaMkti aura jirApha jaise jIva jantuoM ke citra bhI dekhe gae haiN| jaina jJAna bhaNDAroM kI vyavasthA sarvatra saMgha ke hastagata rahatI AI hai tathA unakI cAbiyAM manonIta TrasTiyoM ke hAtha meM hote hae bhI zramaNa varga aura yatijanoM ke kuzala saMrakSaNa meM rahane se ye saMrakSita rahe haiN| ayogya uttarAdhikAriyoM ke hAtha meM Ane se aneka jJAna bhaNDAra raddI ke bhAva bika kara naSTa ho gae / pustakoM ko rakhane ke lie jahA candana aura hAthIdAMta se nirmita kalApUrNa Dibbe Adi hote the vahAM choTe-moTe sthAnoM meM miTTI ke mATe, baita ke piTAre va lakar3I kI peTiyAM va dIvAloM meM bane bAloM meM bhI rakhe jAte the| ina granthoM ko dImaka, ca hoM va ThaMDaka se bacAne ke lie yathAsaMbhava upAya kie jAte the| sAMpa kI kuMcalI, ghoMDAvaja Adi auSadhI kI poTalI Adi rakhI jAtI tathA varSAtI havA se bacAne ke lie caumAse meM yathAsaMbhava jJAna bhaNDAra kama hI khole jAte the| granthoM kI prazasti meM likha zlokoM meM jala, tela, zithila bandhana aura ayogya vyakti ke hAtha se bacAne kI hidAyata satata dI jAtI rahI hai| grantha racanA ke anantara granthakAra svayaM yA apane ziSya varga se athavA vizaddhAkSara lekhI lahiyoM se grantha likhavAte the aura vidvAnoM ke dvArA unakA saMzodhana karA liyA jAtA thaa| lahiyAM-lekhakoM ko 32 akSara ke anuSTupa chaMda kI akSara gaNanA ke hisAba se lekhana zulka cukAyA jAtA thaa| grantha likhavAne vAloM ke vaMza kI vistRta prazastiyAM likhI jAtIM aura jJAna bhaNDAroM ke saMrakSaNa kI ora savizeSa upadeza diyA jAtA thaa| jJAna paMcamI parva aura unake udyApanAdi ke pIche jJAnopakaraNa vRddhi aura jJAna pracAra kI bhAvanA vizeSa kAryakArI huii| jJAna kI AzAtanA TAlane ke lie jaina saMgha savizeSa jAgarUka rahA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina samAja ke pAsa anya bhAratIya prajA kI apekSA sarasvatI bhaNDAra kA sambandha sarvAdhika rahA hai| jaina samAja zAstroM ko atyadhika sammAna kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| jJAna kA bahamAna, jJAnabhakti Adi kI vizada upAdeyatA nityaprati ke vyavahAra meM parilakSita hotI hai| kalpasUtrAdi AgamoM kI paryuSaNa meM gajArUDha zobhAyAtrA nikAlI jAtI hai, jJAnabhakti, jAgaraNAdi kie jAte haiN| bhagavatI sUtrAdi pAgama pATha ke samaya dhUpa-dIpa tathA zobhAyAtrA Adi jainoM ke jJAna-bahumAna ke hI pratIka hai| jJAna pUjA vidhivat kI jAtI hai aura jJAna dravya ke saMrakSaNasaMvardhana kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai| pustakoM ko dharatI para na rakha kara uccAsana para rakha kara par3hA jAtA hai| use sAMpar3A-sAMpar3I para rakhate haiM, jise rIla bhI kahate haiN| sAMpar3A zabda sampUTa yA sampUTikA saMskRta se banA hai| mAdhu-zrAvaka ke aticAra meM jJAnopakaraNa ke paira, thUka Adi lagane para prAyazcita batAyA hai| isalie baiThane ke prAsana para bhI granthoM ko nahIM rakhA jaataa|

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kavalI : grantha ke patroM ko adhyayana ke hetu kavalI-kapalikA meM lapeTa kara rakhA jAtA thA, jisase patroM ke ur3ane kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| yaha kavalI bAMsa kI cIpa Adi ko gaMya kara Upara vastrAdi se mar3hI rahatI thii| bArahavIM zatAbdI meM yugapradhAna zrI jinadara sari jI kI jIvanI meM kavalI-kapalikA kA prayoga honA pAyA jAtA hai / kAMbI: bAMsa, kASTha yA hAthIdAMta kI cIjoM kI hotI thii| usI kambikAvalI zabda se kAMbI zabda banA pratIta hotA hai| cAturmAsa kI varSAtI havA laga kara patroM ko cipaka jAne se bacAne meM kobI kA prayoga upayogI thA / jaina samAja jJAna ke upakaraNa davAta, kalama, pATI, pAThA, DorA, kaMvalI, sAMpaDA-sAMpaDI kAMbI, bandhana, vITAMgaNA-veSTana, dAbar3A, karaNDiyA Adi ko mahardhya dravya se nirmita aura kalApUrNa nirmita kara kAma meM lAyA hai| granthoM ko jaise ThaNDa se bacAte the vaise dhUpa se bhI bacAyA jAtA thaa| syAhI meM goMda kI adhikatA ho jAne se grantha ke panne paraspara cipaka kara thepar3e ho jAte haiM jinheM kholane ke lie pramANopeta sAdhAraNa ThaMDaka pahuMcA kara ThaNDe sthAna meM rakha kara dhIre-dhIre kholA jAtA hai aura akSarAdi naSTa ho jAne se bharasaka bacAne kA prayatna kiyA jAtA hai| grantha aura grantha bhaNDAra se sambandhita vyakti ko ina bAtoM kA anubhava honA anivArya hai| granthoM kI rakSA ke lie prazasti meM lipikartA nimnoka zloka likhA karate the:-- jalAdrakSeta sthalAda rakSeta rakSeta zithilabandhanAt / mUrkhahaste na dAtavyA, evaM vadati pustikA / / 1 / / agne rakSet jalAd rakSeta mUSakebhyo vizeSataH / kaSTena likhitaM zAstra, yatnena pratipAlayet / / 2 / / udakAnilacaurebhyaH, mUSakebhyo hutAzanAt / kaSTena likhitaM zAstra, yatnena pratipAlayet / / 3 / ityAdi / jJAna paMcamI parva : jJAna kI rakSA aura sevA ke lie jJAna paMcamI parva kA pracalana hayA aura isake mAdhyama se jJAnopakaraNoM kA praca ratA se nirmANa hokara jJAna bhaNDAroM kI abhivaddhi kI gii| jJAna paMcamI parvArAdhana ke bahAne jJAna kI pUrI sAra saMbhAla hone lgii| udyApanAdi meM Ae hue mUlyavAna candrave, puThiye, jhilamila, veSTana Adi vividha vastuoM ko AkarSaka aura samRddhipUrNa DhaMga se sajAye jAne lge| jJAna kI vAstavika sAra saMbhAla ko bhala kara kevala bAhya sajAvaTa meM race-pace samAja ko dekha kara eka bAra mahAtmA gAMdhI jaise sAtvika vRtti vAle mahApuruSa ko kahanA par3A ki "yadi corI kA pApa na lagatA ho to maiM isa jJAna upAdAnoM ko jaina samAja se chIna lUM kyoMki ve kevala sajAnA jAnate haiM, jJAnopAsanA nahIM" / astu / pAribhASika zabda : prastuta nibandha meM aneka jaina pAribhASika zabdoM, upakaraNoM Adi kA paricaya karAyA gayA hai phira bhI kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kA paricaya yahAM upayogI samajhakara karAyA jAtA hai|

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423 1. hastalikhita pustaka ko prati kahate haiM jo pratikRti kA saMkSipta rUpa pratIta hotA hai| 2. hastalikhita prati ke ubhayapakSa meM chor3e hue mArjina ko hAMsiyA kahate haiM aura Upara nIce chor3e hue khAlI sthAna ko jivhA yA jibbhA-jIbha kahate haiN| 3. hAMsiye ke UparibhAga meM grantha kA nAma, patrAMka, adhyayana, sarga, ucchavAsa prAdi likhe jAte haiM jise huNDI kahate haiM / 4. grantha kI viSayAnukramaNikA ko bIjaka nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| 5. pustakoM ke likhita akSaroM kI gaNanA karake use granthAoM tathA aMta meM samasta pradhyAyAdi ke zlokoM ko milAkara sarva graMtha yA sarva granthAnaM saMkhyA likhA jAtA hai| 6. mUla jainAgamoM para racI huI gAthAbaddha TIkAtroM ko niyukti kahate haiN| 7. mUla Agama aura niyukti para racI huI vistRta gAthAbaddha vyAkhyA ko bhASya yA mahAbhASya kahate haiM / bhASya aura mahAbhASya sIdhe mUlasUtra para bhI ho sakate haiM, yoM niyukti, bhASya aura mahAbhASya ye saba gAthAbaddha TIkA grantha hote haiM / 8. mUla sUtra, niyukti, bhASya aura mahAbhASya para prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita gadyabaddha TIkA ko cUNi aura vizeSa cUNi nAma se pahicAnA jAtA hai| 9. jainAgamAdi granthoM para jo choTI-moTI saMskRta vyAkhyA hotI hai use vRtti, TIkA, vyAkhyA, vArtika, TippaNaka, pravacUri, avacUNi, viSama pada vyAkhyA, viSama pada paryAya Adi vividha nAmoM se saMbodhita kiyA jAtA hai| 10. jainAgamAdi para gujarAtI, mAravADI, hindI Adi bhASAoM meM jo anuvAda kiyA jAtA hai, use stabaka TabA yA TabArtha kahate haiN| vistRta vivecana bAlAvabodha kahalAtA hai| 11. mula jainAgamoM kI gAthAbaddha viSayAnakramaNikA va viSaya varNAnatmaka gAthAbaddha prakaraNa ko evaM kitanI hI bAra prAkRta-saMskRta mizrita saMkSipta vyAkhyA ko bhI saMgrahaNI nAma diyA jAtA hai| isa nibandha meM zvetAmbara jJAna bhaNDAroM ke anubhava ke AdhAra para prApta sAmagrI para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| digambara samAja ke jJAna bhaNDAra va lekhana sAmagrI para adhyayana apekSita hai| zvetAmbara samAja meM vizeSakara mandira pAmnAya ke sAhitya para vizeSa parizIlana harA hai| AgamaprabhAkara parama pUjya munirAja zrI puNyavijaya jI mahArAja kI "bhAratIya jaina zramaNa saMskRti ane lekhanakalA" nibandha para AdhArita yaha saMkSipta abhivyakti hai|

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pariziSTa 2 427 1. grantha-nAmAnukramaNI 2. viziSTa vyavita evaM granthakAra-nAmAnukramaNI 3. grAma-nagara-nAmAnukramaNI 467 489

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granthanAma pRSThAMka pra aMka prastAra 82,278 aMgar3AI 351 aMgaprajJapti 111 maMgapurakana caupaI [1] grantha-nAmAnukramaNo 142 aMgavijjA 9, 17 aMguttaranikAya 3 gulasattarI 23, 35 aMcalamata carcA 229 aMjanA 262 aMjanA kAvya 322 aMjanA no rAsa 182 aMjanA satI ko rAsa 187 paMjanA sundarI carita 32 aMjanA sundarI copaI 174, 277 aMjanA sundarI rAsa 175 kalaMkASTaka bhASA TIkA 253 akkhAyaNa maNi-kosa 15, 42 akSara battIsI 178, 280 agnipatha 262, 364, 365 agrAyaNI 1, 10 aghaTakumAra 289 ajAputra caritra 305 ajitanAtha rAsa 204 ajitanAtha stavana 182 ajitasaM tithaya 13 prajitasena kanakAvatI rAsa 177 prajitasena ku mAra DhAla 196 bhajIvakappa 9 ajJAnatimira bhAskara 285 maThAI ko rAso 219 maThAI vyAkhyAna 233 maThAI vyAkhyAna bhASA 284 aThAraha nAtA 175 maThAraha nAtA ko coDhAliyo 185 aThAraha pApa ke sarvaye 188 praThAvIsa mUla guNa rAsa 204 bhaDhAI dvIpa pUjA 112 pranyanAma pRSThate zaNagAra bhattiM 13 aNatthamiya kahA 150 ffdhayA motI 185 aNuTThANa vihi 13 ujarat 160 aNuvrata 351 aNuvrata Andolana 355 praNuvrata Andolana eka paricaya 356 aNuvrata Andolana aura vidyArthIvarga 351 aNuvrata ke saMdarbha meM 350 vrata krAnti ke baDhate caraNa 350 aNuvrata gIta 308, 309 aNuvrata jIvana darzana 350 aNuvrata darzana 350 aNuvrata dRSTi 350 vrata pradIpa 147 aNuvrata vicAra 350 aNuvrata vicAra darzana 350 aNuvrata zataka 94 Nu se pUrva kI ora 350 praticAra 226, 227 atIta kA anAvaraNa 343 adhakhulI palakeM 313 adhyAtma anubhava yoga prakAza 286 adhyAtma kamala mArtaNDa 113, 114 adhyAtmagItA bAlA. 233 zradhyAtma taraMgiNI 111 adhyAtma dazaharA 327 adhyAtma dharma jaina dharma 345 zradhyAtma bArahakhaDI 213, 222 adhyAtma rahasya 86, 100 adhyAtma vicAra jIta saMgraha 289 dhanagAra dharmAmRta bhavya kumudacandrikA TIkA sahita 101 anagAradharmAmRta svopajJa paMjikA jJAnadIpikA 10 anaMtanAha variyaM 14 anantanAtha pUjA 112 ananta caturdazI pUjA 112

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428 panyanAma pRSThAka anyanAmaH pRSThAka ananta vrata kathA 103 abhiniSkramaNaM 87 ananta vrata pUjA 112 abhiniSkramaNa hindI anuvAda 87 manantavata rAsa 204 amara kusumAMjali 300 pranAthI muni rosata DhAliyo 196 amarakASa TIkA 100, 101 manAyAsa 312 amara gItAMjali 300, 330 praniTakArikA 68 amaratA kA pujArI prAcArya manukampA vicAra 193 zrI zobhAcanda jI ma. kI jIvanI 264 manuttaropapAtikadazAMga, aNuttarovavAiyadasAmo amaradatta mitrAnanda rAsa 177 2, 5, 363 amarapadya muktAvalI 300, 330 amara puSpAMjali 300 manuttaropapAtikadazA sUtra anuvAda 287 amara mAdhurI 360, 330 anabhava cintana manana 353 amarasena vayarasena copaI 178, 270 anubhava paccIsI 289 amarasena vayarasena rAsa 177 anubhava prakAza 248 amaru zataka TIkA 142 anubhati ke Aloka meM 263, 333 amRta kAvya saMgraha 192 anubhati ke zabda zilpa 263,334 ambaDa caritra 71, 77, 233,281,305 anubhUti zataka 93 aMbaDa sanyAsI 183 anuyoga catuSTaya vyAkhyA 65 aMbaDa sanyAsI coDhAliyA 192 anuyogadvAra 8 ambikA kalpa 112 anuyogadvAra cUNi 10 ambikA rAsa 204 anuyogadvAra TokA 10, 40, 62 prayavantI sukumAra 291 anUpa rasAla 276 arajinastava 296 aneka zAstra samuccaya 69 arajinastava svopajJa TIkA saha 69 anekAnta 321, 331, 357 araNika muni 292 anekAntajayapatAkA 63 aridamana caupaI 196 anekAntavAdapraveza 63 arghakANDa (agdhakaNDa) 36 anekArtha saMgraha TIkA 65 arcanA 262, 365 antakRdRzAMga, antagaDadazAo 2, 5,363 arcanA aura Aloka 266,335, 336 antakRdazA sUtra anuvAda 287 arjuna 319 antara kI ora (bhAga 1-2) 266, 331 arbuda prAcIna jaina lekha saMdoha 289 antardhvani 263, 353 prarbudAcala pradakSiNA 289 andhA cAnda 311 mahat pravacana 360 anyokti bAvanI 280 arhad gItA 70 apanA khela apanI mukti 305 prahannIti anuvAda 317 aparigraha 331 malakAra prAzaya 282 apazabda khaNDana 111 alaMkAra dappaNa anuvAda 296 appasaMboha kavva 156 prabaMtI sUkumAla rAsa 177 abhaya kumAra 292 pravayadI zakunAvalI 82 abhaya kumAra caritra 64,76 avasthA kulaka 35 abhaya kumAra caupaI 174 avidapada zatArthI 73 abhaya kumAra rAsa 177 prazravINA 88 89 mabhidhAna cintAmaNi nAmamAlA TIkA 69,81. azruvINA hindI anuvAda 89 .. abhidhAna rAjendra kISa 16, 45,285 maSTaka prakaraNa TIkA 41,63,75 abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa 53 aSTapadI 274

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429 pranyanAma pRSThAMka anyanAma pRSThoka aSTapAhuDa vacanikA 252 bhAcAra dinakara 72 . praSTa pravacana mAtA pUjA-284 mAcAra dinakara lekhana prazasti 76 aSTa pravacana mAtA sajjhAya sArtha 295 prAcArasAra 99 aSTalakSI 60, 68 bhAcArAMga, prAcArAMga sUtra 2, 3, 5, 7, 291 praSTa saptatikA 64,76 prAcArAMga caNi 10 (citrakaTIya vIra catya prazasti) prAcArAMga sUtra dIpikA 67,74 aSTAMga samyaktva kathA 204 AcArAMga TabbA 243 aSTAMga hRdaya 101 . prAcArAMgaTIkA 10, 73 aSTAMga hRdaya TIkA 100 AcArAMga niyukti 9 aSTApada pUjA 284 prAcArAMga padyabaddha bhASATIkA 200 aSTArthI zloka vRtti 70 bhAcArAMga sUtra bAlA 229 aSTAtikA kathA 111,112,115,212 prAcArya prAnanda zaMkara dhra va smAraka grantha 272 aSTAhnikAdi parva vyAkhyAna 71 prAcArya caritAvalI 202 aSTAhnikA pUjA 105, 108, 112 aSTAhnikA vyAkhyAna 78 prAcArya tulasI jIvana darzana. 264 . aSTottarI vidhi 229. prAcArya zrI tulasI apanI chAyA meM 346. asatyAkSepa nirAkaraNa 284 bhAcArya zrI tulasI eka adhyayana 355 astitva kA bodha 342 prAcArya zrI tulasI eka paricaya 356 astinAsti pravAda (pUrva) 1 prAcArya zrI tulasI ke amara saMdeza 352 asteya 288 prAcArya zrI tulasI : jIvana aura darzana 349 ahisA 288,331, 340, 358 prAcArya zrI tulasI : jIvana darzana 349 ahimA aura viveka 343 prAcArya zrI tulasI : jIvana para eka dRSTi 349 ahimA kI bolatI mInAreM 333.334 prAcArya zrI vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra grantha sUcI ahimA kI sahI samajha 344 bhAga-eka 181 ahiMsA ke aMcala meM 343 pATha AtmA ro thokar3o 238 ahiMsA tatva 358 pATha karmoM kI caupaI 184 ahiMsA tatva darzana 345 mAtmakathA 290 ahiMsA paryavekSaNa 343 prAtma cintaNa ro dhyAna 239 prAtmajayI 261, 364, 365 prA. mAtmajJAna paMcAzikA 283 mAtma darzana 266,326 AurapaccakkhANa 8 mAtma dvAdazI 212 prAMkha aura pAMkha 313 prAtmanindA 194 bhAMkhoM ne kahA 353 mAtmabodha 4 bhAga 352 pAkhyAnaka maNikoSa 26 prAtma prabodha chattIsI 281 prAkhyAnaka maNi koSa TIkA 26 prAtma prabodha bAvanI 277 pAgama aura tripiTaka eka anuzIlana 348 prAtma prabodha bhASA 283 mAgama nirNaya 287 prAgama yuga kI kahAniyAM do bhAga 262, 334 prAtma prabodha hindI anuvAda 233 AgamasAra 105,232,288 prAtma pravAda pUrva 1 prAtmasAra anuvAda 286 mAtmabodha kulaka 42 mAgamAdhikAra 244.. pAtmabodha meM darzana dazaka 317 prAgamAnusAra muMhapatti nirNaya 71, 287 prAtmabhramocchedana bhAnu 286 prAgamika-vastuvicArasAra 64 prAtmarasna mAlA 282

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granthanAma pRSThaka mAtmarAga rAsa 173 mAtmavaibhava 320, 358 mAtmasambodhana kAvya 110 mAtmasAra manopadeza bhASA 283 mAtmAnuzAsana TIkA 102 zrAtmAnuzAsana bhASA TIkA 251 AtmAnuzAsana anuvAda 320 mAtmonnati cA sarala upAya 327 prAtmAvalokana 248 prAdamI kI rAha 351 mAdamI, mohara aura kursI 306, 3 mAdarza pothI 351 Adarza mahAbhArata 193 prAdarza mahAsatI rAjula 303 Adarza rAmAyaNa 193 prAdityavAra kathA 209 prAdinAtha carita 22 zrAdinAtha caritra 292 AdinAtha purANa 204 prAdinAtha vInatI 206 AdinAtha stavana 177, 204 mAdipurANa 47,105, 128, 220, 249, 250 prAdIzvara phAga 110, 206 mAdhunika vijJAna aura ahiMsA 333 prAdhyAtmika Aloka 266, 328,329 prAdhyAtmika vaibhava 329 prAdhyAtmika sAdhanA bhAga 1-2 mAnaMdaghana granthAvalI 297 mAnandaghana granthAvalI sAnuvAda 293 mAnandadhana caubIsI bAlA. 233 prAnandaghana cauvIsI vivecana 281 prAnanda pravacana bhAga 1-6 327 mAnanda vinoda 288 490 266, 328 bhAnanda zrAvaka 182, 292 bhAnupUrvI prastAra baMdha bhASA 282 prAptamImAMsA anuvAda 360 mAbU pUjA 284 bhAbUrAsa 142, 167, 168 mAbU sacitra prathama bhAga 289 pAbU stavana 178 mAtramaMjarI 335 prAyariya bhatti 13. bhAvArI (prAcArAMga ) 347 granthanAma bhAra pAra 309 ArAdhanA 226 ArAdhanA copaI 175 mArAdhanA pratibodhasAra 105,203 pRSThAMka ArAdhanAsAra 49 ArAdhanAsAra TIkA 101 zrArAmazobhArAsa 177 prArAhaNapagAsa 9 bhArAhaNApaDAyA 13 zrArjava 330 grArjana mAlAkAra 88 zrAju namAlAkAra hindI anuvAda 88 prArdra kumAra dhamAla 175 bhAta pravacana 52 zrarhita laghu vyAkaraNa 45, 72 mArhavyAkaraNa 45, 72 bhAta siddhAnta vyAkaraNa 45, 72 bhAlApa paddhati 50 mAlocanA jayamAla 204 prAlocanA pATha 317 prAvarta 310 Avazyaka sUtra, Avazyaka, bhAvassaya 2, 7. bhAvazyaka cUrNa 10 Avazyaka TIkA 10, 40 zrAvazyaka sUtra vRhat TIkA 62 zrAvazyaka niyui zrAvazyaka niyukti TIkA 62 zrAvazyaka bAlA 229 zrAvazyaka bhASya 9 bhAvazyaka vidhi saMgraha 288 zrASADhabhUti 308 309 ASADhabhUti dhamAla 174 ASADhabhUti muni ko paMca DhAliyo 184 ASADhabhUti zataka 94 zrAsakaraNajI mahArAja ke guNa 1.86 prAsika ko gIta 218 Anava saMvara rI caracA 237 mahAra- kona chattIsI 177 i ikkIsa ThANA TabbA 229 itihAsa ke bolate pRSTha 347

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anyanAma puSThIka inase sIkheM 263 inkamaTaiksa ke hisAba 293 indudUta 76 indra dhanuSa 11 indrabhUti gautama eka pranuzIlana 333 indriyavAdI kI caracA -237 hariyAvahI midhyA duSkRta vANa. 232 ilAtIputa samAya 173 ilAyacI carita 187 ilAyacI putra ko coDhAliyo 182 ilApuna caritra 172 ilAputra rAsa 176 iSTa chattIsI 223 iSTopadeza TIkA 100 isivattAparisa 16 ukti ralAkara 291 ukti vyakti prakaraNa 226 ujalI aAMkheM 313 uTho jAgo 354 uDIsA meM jaina dharma 345 uttama kumAra 292 uttama kumAra caritra 173 uttamakumAra rAsa 177, 178 uttarAdhyayana uttarAdhyayana sUtra uttarAyaNa | 2,7,261,347,364 uttarajjhayaNANi uttarAdhyayanaH eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 347 uttarAdhyayana pUNi 10 uttarAdhyayana sUtra TIkA 42, 68, 70, 74 uttarAdhyayana sUtra dIpikA 74 uttarAdhyayana niyukti 9 uttarAdhyayana padhabaddha bhASA TIkA 200 uttarAdhyayanavAlAvabodha 229, 230 uttarAdhyayana bhASya 9 uttarAdhyayana sukhabodhA TIkA -10, 21 uttarAdhyayana ziSyahitATIkA 10 uttarapurANa 105, 106, 220 uttiSThata jAgrata (sAnuvAda) 90 utpati nAmA 272 utpAda pUrva 1,6 udayadIpikA 10 gandanAma . pRSThAMka udayapura kI gajala 277 udaragIta 205 udAratA apanAiye 296 udAharaNamAlA 3 bhAga 263 upakeza zabda vyatpatti 76 upadeza chattIsI 274 upadeza chattIsI savaiyA upadezapada 20, 24, 40, 63, upadezapada vRtti 75 upadeza batIsI 178, 179 upadezamAlA upadezamAlA prakaraNa) 15 upadezamAlA TabbA 229 upadezamAlA TIkA 58,75 upadezamAlA bAlAvabodha 228 upadezamAlA vahatti 63 upadezamAlA laghu vatti 63 upade zamAlA saMskRta paryAya 75 upadezaratna kathAkoSa 243 upadezaratnakoSa 3271 upadezaratnamAlA 248 upadezaratnamAlA prazasti 104 upadeza rasAyana rAsa 130,161 upadeza rasAyana vivaraNa 64 upadeza rasAla battIsI 179 upadeza saptati 166 upadezAtmaka DhAla 185 upadezAmata 92,93 upadezI DhAla 186, 189 upadezI sajjhAya 287 upadhAna tapa devavandana 288 upamiti bhavaprapaMca kathA 21,58,63,76 upamiti bhava prapaMcA rAsa 177 upasaggahara stotra 13 upAdhyAya zrI pyAracanda jI ma.kA jIvana! carita 264, upAsakamora upAsanA 335 upAsakadazA 363 upAsakadazAMga bAlA. 230 upAsakadazA sUtra anuvAda 292 upAsakAdhyayana (uvAsagadazAo) 2, 5 ullAsi stotra TIkA 64 uvaesa cintAmaNi 12 uvaesa pada 12

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granthanAma uvaesa mAlA 12 vAya 6 uvAsagadasA 6 uvAsayAjjhayaNa 13 ] pRSThAMka kaMdara rAso 142 U R RjuprAjJa vyAkaraNa 69 RSabha carita 115, 116, 185 RSabhadeva eka parizAlana 333 RSabhanAtha stuti 206 RSabhapaMcAzikA 13 RSabha bhaktAmara stotra 68 RSabha rAsa evaM bharata bAhubalI pavADA 170 RSidattA caupaI 177 RSidattA rAsa 173, 177 RSideva DhAla 184 RSibhASita niyukti 9 RSimaNDala prakaraNa avacUri 75 RSimaNDala prakaraNa TIkA 75 RSimaNDala vRtti 68 RSimaNDala stotra vidhi vidhAna saha 294 RSimaNDala pUjA 110, 112,281 RSi sampradAya kA itihAsa 327 e eka Adarza AtmA 356 eka phUla lAre kAMTo 246 ekaliMgajI kA itihAsa 286 ekasI ikyAsI bolAM rI huNDI 236,237 eka sau bola kA thokaDA 285, ekAdazAMga sajjhAya 178 ekAdaza gaNadhara pUjA 284 ekAdazI vrata kathA 16 ekAnhika zataka 93 438 ekIbhAva stotra anuvAda 320 ekeTalAga zrApha saMskRta eNDa prAkRta mainyuskripTsa pArTa- 1, pArTa-2 e.bI.sI., pArTa-3 e.bI. 291, ethikala DAkTrinsa ina janijma 360 evantA RSi kI DhAla 184 granyanAma pRSThAMka aitihAsika kAvya saMgraha 195, 295 aitihAsika jaina kAvya saMgraha 167, 295 niyukti 7,9 proghaniyukti TIkA 40 moghaniyukti vRhad bhASya 10 pro niyukti bhASya 9 moghaniyaMkti laghu bhASya 10 oDisA re jaina dharma 345 mosavAla jAti kA itihAsa 287 prosavAla jAti kA samaya nirNaya 287 osavAla rAsa 178 zrI praudArya cintAmaNi vyAkaraNa 36 zrapapAtika sUtra bAlA. 229, ka haar battIsI 220 kaMcana aura kasauTI 261 kacchulI rAsa 168 kaDakho 218 kaNha cariya 22, 33 kathA kalpataru 263, 366 kathAkoSa prakaraNa 21, 26, 291 kathAkoSa prakaraNa svopajJa TIkA saMgraha 63, 78 kathAkoSa bhASA 218 kathA saMgraha bhAga 1 se 51, 287 kanakaratha rAjAno carita 186 kanakAvalI rAsa 177 kanyAnayana tIrthaMkalpa 72 kapila 261, 364 kappavaDisiyA 6, 363 kappiyA 6 kaphiNAbhyudaya kAvya 119 kamalaprabhA 285 kamalAvatI kI DhAla 184 kayavannA 289 kayavannA rAsa 176, 178 kayavannA seTha 292

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433 granthanAma pRSThAMka karakaNDu caritra 129, 137, 138, 156 karakaNDu cariu 112 karakaNDa caupAI 184 karakaNDu rAsa 204 karamacanda jI ro dhyAna 239 karalakkhaNa 17 karuNasindhu neminAtha aura pativratA rAjula 305, karuNA battIsI 282 karNAmRta prapA 291 kartavya nizikA sAnavAda 92, 93 karpUra prakara 60 karpUra prakara TIkA 73 karpUra prakara bAlAva. 229 karpUra maMjarI 14, 142 karpUra maJjarI saTTaka TIkA 73 karba ra kAvya 89 karma 331 karmagrantha (navya) 11 karmagrantha bAlA. 232 karmagrantha vivecana. 330 karmaghaTAvalI 254 karmacandravaMza-prabandha TIkA 69 karmadahana pUjA 111, 112, 113 karma prakRti 11 karmaprakRti cUNi 11 karmapravAda pUrva 1 karmaprAbhUta 10 karmabattIsI 212 karmaphala pada 183 karmavicAra prakaraNa 35 karmavicArasAra prakaraNa 23 karmavipAka 11, 105, 106 karmavipAka rAsa 204 karmastava 11 karmasvarUpa varNana 114 karma hiNDolanA 209 karmoM kI lAvaNI 190 kalayuga zataka 305 kalA : akalA 311 kalAvatI caupaI 184 kalAvatI rAsa 177 kalikAla rAsa 169 kalkI kI DhAla 182 granthanAma pRSThAMka kalpa vyavahAra 2 kalpasUtra 2, 45 kalpasUtra anuvAda 287, 288 kalpasUtraTIkA 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74 kalpasUtra TIkA bhASAnuvAda 286 kalpasUtra bAlAvabodha 228,229, 231, 232,285 kalpasUtra saMdeha viSoSadhi TIkA 65 kalpasUtra sAnuvAda 297 kalpAkalpa 2 kalpAntarvAcya 73, 173 kalyANa 319, 357 kalyANa kalikA 290 kalyANaka parAmarza 71 kalyANaka rAsa 156 kalyANa maMgala stotra 45, 72 kalyANa mandira stotra 91 kalyANa mandira stotra anuvAda 320 kalyANa mandira stotra avacari 66 kalyANa mandira stotra TababA 232 kalyANa mandira stotra TIkA 66 kalyANa mandira stotra pAdapUrti 83 kalyANa mandira stotra bhASA vacanikA 247 kalyANa mandira hindI padyAnuvAda 275 kalyANavAda pUrva 1 kavaca prakaraNa 9 kavitA kuMja 300, 302, 330 kavitAvalI 273 kavi pramoda 278 kavi vinoda 278 kavIndrakeli 288 kaSAyaprAbhUta (kasAya pAhuDa) 11 kaSAya prAbhUta uccAraNa vRtti 11 kaSAya prAbhUta cUDAmaNi vyAkhyA 11 kaSAya prAbhUta cUrNi sUtra 11 kaSAya prAbhUta jayaghavalA TIkA 11, 47, 4 kaSAya prAbhUta paddhati TIkA 11 kaSAya prAbhUta vyAkhyAprajJapti vRtti 11 kasturI prakara 60 kahANaya kosa (kathAnaka koSa) 41 kahArayaNa kosa 15, 22, 26 kahAvalI 13, 39 kAMjI bArasa pUjA 321 kAtantra vibhrama TIkA 65

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434 granthanAma pRSThAMka kAtantra vibhrama vRtti 42 kAdambarI 24,40, 41 kAdambarI TIkA 142 kAnti vinoda 297 kAparaDA tIrtha kA itihAsa 287 kAma kumbha mAhAtmya 292 kAmadeva zrAvaka 292 kAmoddIpana 281 kAtiko pUrNimA vyAkhyAna 78 kArtikeyAnuprekSA 112 kAlakAcArya kathA 14, 44,70, 78, 228 kAlajayI 312 kAlajJAna 275 kAlavAdI kI caracA 237 kAlasvarUpa kulaka 161 kAlU upadeza vATikA 201 kAlU kalyANa mandira stotra 91 kAlUbhaktAmara 91 kAlU yazovilAsa 201, 202 kAlU zataka 94 kAvya prakAza TIkA 69 kAvya prakAza navamollAsa TIkA 81 kAvyAnuzAsana 102 kAvyAlaMkAra TIkA 100, 101 kirAta samasyA pUrti 70 kirAtArjunIya kAvya avacUri 66 kIrtikaumudI mahAkAvya 291 kortidhara sukozala muni saMbadha 270 kIrtidhvaja rAjA cauDhAliyA 192 kotiratnasUri vivAhalau 172 kIrtilatA anuvAda 296 kucha kaliyAM : kucha phala 311 kucha gIta 304, 305 kucha dekhA kucha sunA kucha samajhA 345 kucha maNiyAM kucha patthara 263, 338, 365, 366 kuNDarIka puMDarIka cauDhAliyA 182 kUmata kUliMgocchedana bhAskara 286 kumati vidhvaMsana 175 kumati vihaMDana 241 kumArapAla carita 122 kumArapAla caritra saMgraha 291 kumArapAla prabandha 72, 142,166 kumArapAla rAsa 177 pranthanAma pRSThAMka kumAra saMbhava 119 kumAra saMbhava pravacari 61, 66 kumAra saMbhava TIkA 68, 70 kuragaDu maharSi rAsa 172 kuladhvaja kumAra rAsa 173 kulapAka maNDana pUjA 291 kuvalayamAlA kuvalayamAlA kahA 16, 19, 20, 28, 30, 41, 43, 144, 261, 305 kuzalanirdeza 296 kusumaMjali kahA 159 kusumazrI rAsa 176 kUNika 261, 364,365 kUrmAputra carita 33 kRtikarma 2 kRpaNa caritra 148, 205 kRpArasa koSa 291 kRpA vinoda 286 kRSNa kathA (harivaMza purANa) 144 kRSNa rukmiNi veli TIkA 76 kRSNa rukmiNI veli bAlAvabodha 229, 230 kRSNa veli bAlAvabodha 178 kRSNa zataka 93 kesariyAz2I kA itihAsa 294 kezI gautama carcA DhAla 185 kesava bAvanI 277 koila paMcamI kahA 159 kokapadya 283 kocara vyavahArI rAsa 171 koraTAjI kA itihAsa 289 koSItikI brAhmaNa 132 kyA dharma baddhigamya hai 340 kyA pRthvI sthira hai 71, 287 kyAMma khAM rAsA 295 kriyAkalApa 101 kriyAvizAla pUrva 1 krisana velI rukmiNI TIkA 142 krodha kI sajjhAya 182 krodha paccIsI 184 kSapaNAsAra 50 kSapaNAsAra bhASA TIkA 251 kSamA 330 kSamAkalyANa carita 83

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435 granthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka kSamA va tapa Upara stavana 195 gaNitasAra caupaI 142 kSullaka RSi prabandha 174 gaNitasAra saMgraha 16 kSetrapAla gIta 208 gaNitAnayoga 337 kSetra vicAraNA 12 gaNivijjA 8 kSetra samAsa bAlAvabodha 228, 229, 230, gaNeza gItAMjalI 302 232 gadya gIta 246 gayasukumAra rAsa 167 gayasukamAla rAsa 162 khaNDa prazasti TIkA 69, 76 gahaM lI saMgraha 292 khaNDa prazasti TIkAdaya sahita 296 gahalI saritA 288 khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava 286 gAgara meM sAgara 351 khaNDelavAla jaina hitecchu 358 gAthAkoSa saptazatI 23 khandaka jI kI lAvaNI 186 gAthA koSa 41 kharataragaccha kA itihAsa 296 gAthA sahasrI 43, 68 kharataragaccha paTTAvalI 71 gAyatrI vivaraNa 65 kharataragaccha paTTAvalI saMgraha 291 gAhAlakkhaNa 16 kharataragaccha vRhadagurvAvalI 291 giranAra gajala 281 kharataragaccha sAhitya sUcI 73, 296 giranAra pUjA 286 khavagasaDhI 11 gIta 205 khilatI kaliyAM : maskarAte phala 333, 366 gIta gajAra 304, 305 khumAna rAso 142 gIta jhaMkAra 302 khulI caracA 237 gIta govinda 71, 90 khule prAkAza 311 gIta lahariyAM 304 khaba kavitAvalI 192 gIta saurabha 304 khaTasiddhi 70 gItAMjalI anuvAda 321 khoja kI pagaDaMDiyAM 286 gItiguccha 91 gItigumpha 91 gItisaMdoha 90, 91 gItoM kA madhuvana 302 gacchAyAra 8 guMjana 313 gajala gala camana bahAra 300 guNakitva-SoDazikA 69 gajasiMha jI kA cauDhAliyA 185 guNaTThANasaya 12 gajasiMha carita caupAI 177 guNamAlA prakaraNa 71, 75 gajasukumAla caupaI 175, 176 guNaratnasUri vivAhalau 172 gajendra pada muktAvalI 300 guNaratnAkara chanda 173 gajendra muktAvalI 328 gaNavama caritra 78 gajendra vyAkhyAnamAlA bhAga 1-2 266, 328 guNavilAsa 284 gaNadhara valaya pUjA 105, 108, 112 gaNaveli 148 gaNadhara sArddhazataka 33 guNasUndara caupaI 177 gaNadhara sArddhazataka laghuvRtti 75 gaNasthAna 331 gaNavisuddhikaraNa hAjarI 243 gaNasthAna gabhita jina stavana bAlAva. 2: gaNitasAra 44 guNasthAna zataka bAlA. 232 gaNitasAra kaumudI 17, 23 guNAkara caupaI 173

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436 granthanAma pRSThAMka guNAvalI caupaI 177 gaNAvalI rAsa 177 gurAvalI pUjA 112 guru gaNa varNana 167 guru guNa SaTtriMzikA TabbA 232 guru gauravaM 91 gurudeva guNa chaMdAvalI 291 guru chanda 207 guru jayamAla 204 guru jogI svarUpa gIta 225 guru pAratanya stotra TIkA 67 guru pUjA 204 guru mahimA stavana 186 gurjara rAsAvalI 167 garvAvalI97, 206 guladastA 311 gurUpadeza zrAvakAcAra 214 jate svara bahare kAna 309 gRhastha kalpataru 45, 72 gRhastha dharma 331 gomaTTasAra 11, 50 TIkA 222 , karmakANDa bAlAva. 248 , bhASA TIkA 251 ,, jIvakANDa bhASA TIkA 251 gorA bAdala caritra 291 gautama kulaka TIkA 69 gautama pacchA TIkA 72, 75 , bAlAva. 228, 229 gautamarAsa, gautamasvAmI rAsa 169, 184, 185, 187 gautama svAmI caritra 113 gautamIya mahAkAvya 71,76, 125, 126 TIkA 71,76, 125 gorA bAdala caupaI 142 grahalAghava vArtika 70 grantha nAma pRSThAMka caMdapaNNatti 6 caMdappaha cariu 154 cauppana mahApuruSa cariya 13, 14 causaraNa 8 ,, bAlAva. 228, 229 caNDarudrAcArya kI sajjhAya 19 0 catura priyA 273 caturAyAma: 93 caturgati veli 209 caturdaza guNasthAna carcA 247 caturdaza svara sthApana vAdasthala 69 caturdazI kathA 214 caturdazI caupaI 211 cavizati stava 2 caturviMzati jina stavana sAnuvAda 293 , svopajJa TIkA 71 caturvizati-jina-stavanAni 296 caviMzati-jina-statayaH 206 caturvizati-jina-stuti paMcAzikA 79 caturvizati pUMjA 112 caturvizati sandhAna kAvya svopajJa TIkA 114 caturvizati stavana 91 caturviMzati stuti 221 caMda caupaI samAlocanA dohA 281, 282 candanabAlA 292 kI DhAla 184 sajjhAya 182 rAsa 167, 168 candana malayAgiri caupaI 176, 177, 272 , , rAsa 178 candana SaSThI pUjA 321 candana SaSThI vrata pUjA 112 candanA kathA 111 caritra 112 canda rAjA 292 candasena rAjA kI caupaI 188 candragupta svapna caupaI 209 candra dUta 296 candraprajJapti 2 candraprabha carita 87, 111, 112 , dvitIya sargavacanikA 252 candraprabhA vyAkaraNa 70 camakate cAnda 347 ghaTiyAla kA zilAlekha 14 ghaNTAkarNa kalpa 294 caMdaNa chaTThI kahA 47

Page #492
437 granthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka camatkAra cintAmaNi bAlAva. 142 campakamAlA 289 campaka seTha 292 carakhA caupaI 220 caracA 244 caracA ratanamAlA 242 carita bhatti 13 carcarI 130, 161 " vivaraNa 64 carcAsAra bhASA 254 cANakya nIti TabbA 142, 231 cAturmAsaka vyAkhyAna 78, 79 , , vAlAva. 230 cAra mitroM kI kathA 220 cAritta pAhuDa 12 cAritra canaDI 208 cAritra chattIsI 281 cAritra prakAza 344 cAritra zaddhi vidhAna 111, 112 cArudatta caritra 210 ,, rAsa 210 cArudatta prabandha rAsa 204 citeroM ke mahAvIra 261, 364 citta nirodha kathA 211 citta samAdhi paccIsI 184 cittaur3a kI gajala 277 citrakUTa vIracaMtya prazasti 76 citrasena padamAvatI caupaI 178 cintana kI cAndanI 263,333 cintana ke Aloka meM 334, 335 cintAmaNI jayamAla 148, 209 cintAmaNI parIkSA 70 cintAmaNI pArzvanAtha pUjA 112 cintAmaNI pUjA 111 cintAmaNI prAkRta vyAkaraNa 111 cintAmaNI vyAkaraNa 23, 37 cidvilAsa 248 cihaMgati caupaI 169 cunar3I gIta 208 cunar3I rAsa 147, 148, 156 cetana gIta 221 , carita 190 ,, paccIsI 184 . cetana pudgala dhamAla 150, 158, 207 cetana lU hari, lorI 218, 221 cetana vilAsa 317 cetanA kA UrdhArohaNa 341 ceharA eka-hajAroM darpaNa 313 caityavandanaka 74 caityavandana TIkA (lalitavistarA) 40, 62 caityavandana vivaraNa 21 caityavandana kulaka 35 TIkA 65, 74 caityavandana catuvizati 71 caityavandana caturvizatikA anuvAda 292 , svopajJa TIkA 79 caitrI pUrNimA devavandana vidhi 288 cauisa tIrthaMkarAM kI bInatI 225 cauisa tIrthaMkarAM kI samaccaya vInatI 225 cauDhAliyo 219 caudaha rAjaloka pUjA 284, 285 caubolI kathA 177 caumAsI vyAkhyAna 233 caurAsI jAti jayamAla 204 caurAsI lAkha jIva yoni vInatI 208 cauvIsa jina pada 276 cauvIsa jina savaiyA 178, 276 ,, ,, stuti 219 ,, tIrthakara pUjA 220, 224, 322 ,, , stuti 220 tIrthaMkaroM kI jayamAla 220 ,, daNDaka 221 ,, ,, bhASA 222 " mahArAja pUjA 221 cauvIsI 177, 178, 188, 200, 270, 274, 284 ,, bAlAvabodha 232 ,, stavana 275 causaTha prakArI pUjA 288 causaTha Rddhi vidhAna pUjA 225 chatra pratApa 293 chandaHkoSa 16 chandakoSa 37

Page #493
438 granthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka chanda prabandha 282 jayaghoSa vijayaghoSa kI sAta DhAlAM 185 chandabaddha samavasaraNa pUjA 224 jaya cariya 38 chandavibhUSaNa 282 jayatihamaNa stotra bAlAva. 229 chandonuzAsana 102 ,hindI padyAnuvAda 281 chandovidyA 23, 37, 113, jayadhavalA hindI TIkA 361 chappaya 179 jayadhvaja-prAcArya zrI jayamalajI ma. kA jIvana chaha DhAlA 223 vatta 264 chitAI carita 295 jayantavijaya mahAkAvya 72, 124, 167 chiyAlIsa ThANA 209 jayapAyaDa nimitta zAstra 291 choTI sAdha vandanA 185 jayapAyaDa 17 jayapura rAjya ke hindI kavi aura lekhaka 297 jayapurANa 114 jayavantI kI DhAla 184 jakhar3I 218 jayavANI 182 jagaDUzAha 289 jaya vijaya 292 jagata guru kI vInatI 225 jaya saurabha 3461 jana jana ke bIca 2 bhAga 346 jayAcArya kI kRtiyAM 354 janmapatnI paddhati 70 jayAcArya zataka 94 janma prakAzikA 273 jayodaya svopajJa TIkA 115, 116 janma prakAzikA jyotiSa 82 jala gAlaNa rAsa 206 jambU kumAra 326 jalatI mazAla 313 " kI sajjhAya 187 jalandharanAtha bhakti prabandha 282 jambU gaNa ratnamAlA 194 javAhara kiraNAvalI 35 bhAga 193, 266, jamba cariya, carita, caritra 14, 43, 184 325 339 188, 291 jasarAja bAvanI 177,274 jambU jI kI sajjhAya 185 jasavanta udyota 295 jambUdvIpa prajJapti, jaMbUdIvapaNNatti 6, 20, 51 jasahara cariu 129, 138, 151, 154, caNi 10 155 TIkA 40, 62,67,74 jasodhara gIta 208 jambUdvIpa paNNatti saMgraha 35 jAgarikA 342 jambUdvIpa pUjA 204, 284 jAti gaMgA 294 jambUdvIpa samAsa TIkA 744 jiNaMda gIta 204 jaMbUsAmi cariu 136, 161 jiNadatta cariu, carita 137,359 jamba svAmI 292 jina AntarA 211 jamba svAmI kI sajjhAya 184 jinakuzalasUri paTTAbhiSeka rAsa 169 jambU svAmI caritra 104, 105, 113, 212, jina gIta 219, 220 220 jina guNa vilAsa 212 jambUsvAmI caupaI 209 jina cauvIsI 148 ___, rAsa 167, 168, 177, 178, 204 jina caturvizati stotra 52 jamba svAmI ro sata DhAliyo 196 jina cavizikA 91 jamba svAmI beli 211 jinacandrasUri aSTaka 270 jayakuMjara 192 jinajI kI rasoI 220 jayakumArAkhyAna 208 jinadatta kathA, carita 146, 147 janacazikA 270

Page #494
granthanAma pRSThAMka jinadattasUri caritra 286, 291 , stuti 166, 168 jinapaMjara kAvya 101 jinapatisUri vadhAvaNA gIta 167 jinapAlita jinarakSita rAsa 174 jina pratimA sthApita grantha 233 jina pratimA haMDI rAsa 176 jinaraMga bahottarI 277 jinaratnakoSa 73 jinarAjasUri kRti kusumAMjali 295 jinarAjasUri kRti saMgraha 271 jinarAja stuti 254 jinarikha jinapAla 184 jinalAbhasUri davAvata 280 jinavara svAmI vInatI 211 jinavallabhasUri guNavarNana 45 jina vANI 336, 338, 364 jinasaMttarI 23, 66 jina sahasranAma 101 , TIkA 1011 jinasiMhasUri padotsava kAvya 68 jinasukhasUri majhalasa 232, 279 jinasundarI 192 jina stavana saMdoha 288 jina stuti 305 cauvIsI 288 jinaharSa-granthAvalI 274,295 jinAgyA mukha maMDana 241 jinAgyA rI caracA 237 jinAjJA ko cauDhAliyo 201 jinAjJA vidhi prakAza 286 jinodayasUri gacchanAyaka vivAhalau 169 jinodayasari paTTAbhiSeka rAsa 169 jinopadeza maMjarI 285 jindagI kI masakAna 266,332 jiha vAdanta vivAda 211 jItakalpa 78 , cUNi 10 granyanAma pRSThAMka jIvadayA prakaraNa kAvyatrayI 296 jIvadayA rAsa 142, 166, 168 jIvana ke parAga kaNa 334 jIvana jyoti 266, 330 jIvaMdhara cariu 155 jIvandhara caritra 111, 112, 212, 222 , rAsa 204 jIva laharI 218 jIvavicAra prakaraNa 12 TIkA 71, 74 , bAlAva. 229 jIvavicArAdi prakaraNa saMgraha anuvAda 286 jIvavibhatti jIva sattarI 35 jIva samAsa 12 jIva samodhana laharI 218 jIvANusAsaNa 12 jIvA-jIvAbhigama saMgahaNI 12 jIvAbhigama 6 cUNi 10 ,TIkA 40, 62 jugamandira svAmI kI sajjhAya 186 jula prakAza 282 jaitapada veli 174 jaina prAcAra 337 jaina AcArya caritAvalI 300 jaina pArTa kA anuvAda 293 jaina aitihAsika gurjara kAvya saMcaya 167 jaina kathAaiM 5 bhAga 262 jaina kathAmAlA 12 bhAga 262, 331,366 jaina kathA saMgraha 292 jaina kahAniyAM 25 bhAga 262, 366 jaina kumArasambhava 87, 119 TIkA 119 jaina kokilA sAdhvI zrIvicakSaNa zrI jI ma. kI jIvanI 264 jana garjara kavipro 196 jaina jagatI 293 jaina jAti nirNaya 287 jaina jAti mahodaya 287 jaina jAtiyoM kA prAcIna itihAsa 287 jaina jIvana 351 jaina jyotiSa divAkara 291 jaina tatva 331 , bhASya 9 svopajJa bhASya 10 jIrApallI pArzvanAtha stotra avacUri 66 jIrAvalA stavana 173 jIrAvalI pArzvanAtha stavana 210 jIva ajIva 340, 344 jIvaDA gIta 204

Page #495
440 granyanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka jaina tatva cintana 344 jainijma ina bihAra kA anuvAda 293 jaina tatvasAra svopajJa TIkA 70 jaisalamera aSTa jinAlaya stotra 79, jaina tatvAdarza 285 jaisalamera gajala 281 jaina darzana 319 jaisalamera pArzva jina stava 79, jaina darzana aura Adhanika vijJAna 343' jaisalamera pArvajina stuti jaina darzana kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana 360 __, ,stotra 79 jana darzana manana aura mImAMsA 85, 342 , lakSmaNavihAra prazasti 77 jaina darzana sAra 52, 216 zAntinAtha jinAlaya prazasti 67 " ,TIkA 358 joisa karaMDaka 9 jaina darzana, svarUpa aura vizleSaNa 333 joisahIra 44 jaina digvijaya patAkA 284 jogA rI caracA 237 jaina dharma eka paricaya 356 jogi pAhuDa 9 jaina dharma aura jAtibheda 358 joNipAhuDa 17 jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa 2 bhAga 328 jodhapura varNana gajala 283 janadharma darzana 337 jobana paccIsI 184 jaina dharma bIja aura baragada 344 jaina dharma meM tapa, svarUpa aura vizleSaNa 330 jJAtAdharma kathA 363 jaina dharmAce ahiMsA tatva 327 ,TabbA 231 jaina dharmA viSayI ajaina vidvAnA ce abhiprAya TIkA 74 2 bhAga 327 , bAlAva. 229 jaina dhAtu pratimA lekha 286 jJAtA sUtra sajjhAya 176 jaina nibandha ratnAvalI 361 jJAtadharma kathA (nAyAdhammakahAnI) 2, 4 jaina pustaka prazasti saMgraha 291 jJAnakalA caupaI 178 jaina prema stavanamAlA 292 jJAnakuMjara dIpikA 327 jaina bandhu 319,359 jJAnadarpaNa 225, 248 jaina bhAratI 293 jJAna paccIsI 184 jaina lekha saMgraha 2 bhAga 291 jJAnapaMcamI kahA 21, 25 jana zakunAvalI 291 ,, caupaI 169 jaina saMskRta sAhitya no itihAsa 73 jJAnapaMcamI parva kathA bAlAva. 230 jaina saMskRti 331 jJAnapaMcamI vyAkhyAna 233 jaina saMskRti kA rAjamArga 326 jJAnaprakAza 344 jaina saMdeza 321 jJAna pradIpikA 282 jaina saMzodhaka 291 jJAna prabhAkara 282 jana saptapadArthI 70 jJAna pravAda 1, 11 jaina sampradAya zikSA 233,284 jJAna locana stotra 114 jaina sAra bAvanI 280 jJAna vATikA 344 jaina sAhitya kA bahada itihAsa 337 jJAna sattAvanI 282 jaina sAhitya no saMkSipta itihAsa 73 jJAna samudra 217, 218 jaina siddhAnta dIpikA sAnuvAda 85 jJAnasAra granthAvalI 281, 295 jana subodha guTakA 193, 300 jJAna sukhar3I 233 jaina stavana taraMgiNI 191 jJAna sUryodaya nATaka kI vacanikA 223 jaina stavanAvalI 196 jJAnAnanda prakAza 71 jana hitecchu 359 jJAnArNava 86,98 vacanikA 252 jainAgama tatva dIpikA 45, 72 jainijma ina gujarAta kA anuvAda 293 hindI TIkA 255

Page #496
441 granthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka jyeSTha jinavara kathA 209 ,rAsa 204 jyotiH sphUliGgAH 89 jyotiSa ratnAkara 70 jyotiSa sAra 17, 23, 36, 82.294 jyotismAra 17, 23 ,, (nAracandra jyotiSa) 59 "jyotiSahIra 36 NamokAra siddha 220 NANapaMcamI kahA 42 gAya kumAra cariu 129, 137, 138 Nijjhara paMcamI kahA 160 Nijjhara paMcamI kahA rAma 148 NIidhammasuttIpA 38 miNAha cariu (neminAtha carita) 136, 154, 156, 162 jhANajjhayaNa 12 jhINI caracA 201 jhINI caracA rA bola 242 jhINo jJAna 201 TaMDANA gIta 150, 158, 207 TIkama DosIrI caracA 238 ThAThoThI 191 ThANaM (sthAnAMga) 347 Thivandha 11 taMdalaveyAliya 8 taMdalaveyAliya payannA avacari 74 bAlAvabodha 229 taTa do pravAha eka 341 tattvajJAna taraMgiNI 109, 110 tattvanirNaya 111 tattvanirNayaprasAda 285 tattvapradIpa 45, 72 tattvaprabodha nATaka 275 tattvapravezikA 344 tattvavicAra prakaraNa 228 tattvaviveka 285 tattvasAra 48, 49 tattvasAra dUhA 207, 208 tatvAnuzAsana 97 tattvArthabodha 223 tattvArthasAra 96 tatvArthasAra dIpaka 105, 106 tattvArthasUtra 45, 85 tasvArtha sUtra arthaprakAzikA vahada 252 bhASA TIkA tatvArtha sUtra TIkA 62 tasvArtha sUtra bhASA TIkA 254, ., laghu bhASA TIkA 253 vacanikA 252 ,, zrutasAgarI TIkA 25-1 ,, hindI TIkA 316 tattvAloka 320 tapa 331 tapAgaccha garvAvalI 228 tapovidhi saMgraha 288 taraMgalolA 16 DAlima caritra 201, 202 DorI kA gIta 219 DholA mAru 142, 164 DholA mAru caupaI 272 ra phala gIta 105, 203 ra rAsa 221

Page #497
granyanAma pRSThAMka taraMgavaI, taraMgavaI kahA, taraMgavatI tarkabhASA TIkA 71 tarkasaMgraha TIkA tarka saMgraha phakkikA tApa aura tapa tAmalI tApasa caritra 266, 329 184 186 tAmalI tApasa caupaI tAmila bhASA kA jaina sAhitya tAraka tattva 282 69 80 146 45 tijayapahutta stotra titthayarabhatti 13 titthugAliya, titthogAliya pannA, titthogAlI 17 paiNNA timarI grAmastha pArzvajina stava 292 tiyAla cauvIsI kahA 159 tilaka darzana tilakamaMjarI 146 tilakamaMjarIsAra tiloya paNNatti tihiipaNNaga 9 tIna cauvIsI pUjA 111, 112 tIna loka pUjA 213 tIna sau bolAM rI huMDI 236 2, 9, 290 79 170 tIrthaMkara vInatI 210 tIrthamAlA stavana tu giyA zrAvaka kI sajjhAya tuma ananta zakti ke srota ho tulasIdvAtrizikA tulasImaMjarI 92 16, 261 364, 365 361 tIrthaMkara caritra bhAga 1, 2, 325 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra 360 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA 53 38 tulasIvacanAmRta stotra 91 tulasI vANI 353 tulasI zataka 94 tulasI stotra 92 tulA- atulA sAnuvAda 90 teraha kAThiyA kI DhAla 185 teraha kAThiye 292 239 teraha dvAra raha dvIpa pUjA 112 442 187 341 granthanAma pRSThAMka terApaMtha 356 terApaMtha eka paricaya 356 terApaMtha kA itihAsa 346 terApaMtha kI khyAta 240, 245 terApaMtha kI vicAradhArA aura loka cintana 355 terApaMtha digdarzana 355 terApaMtha zataka 94 terApaMtha zAsana praNAlI 355 terApaMthI stotra 91 tyAga 331 291 tribhuvana dIpaka prabandha 169 tripurA bhAratI laghu stava tripurA stotra avacUri 66 triloka darpaNa kathA 211 triloka pUjA 112 triloka sAra 50 triloka sAra TIkA 222 triloka sAra bhASA TIkA 251 triloka sAra pUjA 316 triloka sundarI kI DhAla 186 triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra 87 triSaSTi smRti zAstra 101 trepana kriyA gati trepana kriyA gIta 112 206 trepana kriyA koSa 221, 222 trepana kriyA rAsa 209 trailokya caritra 288 trailokya prakAza 294 tha thAna vilAsa 316 thor3e 245 da daMsaNa pAhuDa 12 ause bAlAvabodha 229, 232, 233 damaghoSa caupaI 184

Page #498
granyanAma pRSThAMka damayantI kathA 41 damayantI kathA campU TIkA 69, 76 dambha kriyA cIpaI 276 dayAnanda mata nirNaya dayodaya campU 115, 116 darzana paccIsI 223 286 darzana prakAza 356 darzanasAra 48, 49 darzanavAra bhASA 254 daza dRSTAMta kathAnaka bAlA. 229 daza lakSaNa 321 daza lakSaNa kathA 150 daza lakSaNa jayamAna 156 daza lakSaNa vratodyApana pUjA 110 daza lakSaNa rAma 204 dazavaikAlika sUtra 2, 7 davaikAlika sUtra anuvAda 287 davaikAlika uttarAdhyayana anuvAda 348 dazavekAlika: eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 348 dazavekAlika gIta 178 dazakAlika cUrNi 10 dazavaikAlika TabbA 229 davaikAlika sUtra TIkA 10, 24, 40, 62, 68 dazavaikAlika niyukti 9 dazavaikAlika bAlAvabodha 229 230 69 dazava kAlika bhASya 9 dazAdhyAna sUtra TIkA 213 dazArNabhadra cauDhAliyo 183 dazA zrutaskandha TIkA dazA zrutaskandha cUrNa 10 dazA zrutaskandha niryukti 9 dasaveprAliyaM, dasaveyAliya dazakAlika dasa gIta 177 dasa zrAvakoM kI DhAla 185 dasAsuyakbaMdha 7 dAdA gurudevoM kI 4 pUjAyeM 288 dAdA jinakuzalasUri 295 dAdAjI kI pUjA 284 443 7, 347 granthanAma pRSThAMka dAna zIla tapa bhAvanA sajjhAya 182 dAnopadezamAlA 72 dArzanika ke gIta 319 digambara jaina sAdhu kI caryA 358 digvijaya mahAkAvya 70, 124 diNasuddhi 17 dilArAma vilAsa 212 divAkara jyoti bhAga 1-21; 193, 266, 326, 339, divyajIvana - zrI vijayavallabha sUrijI ma. kI jIvanI 264 divya tapodhana- tapasvI zrI veNIcandajI ma. kI jIvanI 264 dIkSA paccIsI 184 dIkSA pratiSThA zuddhi 82 dIpaka battIsI 273 dIpa bhajanAvalI 191 dIvasAyara paNNatti 9 dIvAlIkalpa bAlAvabodha 177, 230 dudvArari kahA 160 duriyara stotra TabbA 232 dAna chanda 207 dAna pradIpa 75 dAnavIra seTha zrI bhaidAna jI koThArI kA saMkSipta jIvana caritra 295 dAna zIla tapa bhAva taraMgiNI 230 duriyara stotra bAlAvabodha 233 durlabha aMga catuSTaya 266,336 durlabha manuSya janma kI sajjhAya 182 dUSaNa darpaNa 282 hA bAvanI 275 dRSTivAda (diTTivAya) 2, 5, 10, 11 devakI rANI kI DhAla 184 devaguru dvAtriMzikA 92 devaguru dharma dvAtriMzikA 91 devaguru zAstra pUjA 103 devaguru stotra 91 devatA mUrti prakaraNa 294 devadatta caupaI 270 devadravya nirNaya 71, 287 devarAja vaccharAja caupaI 174 devavandanamAlA 285 devazAstra guru pUjA 323 devAgama stotra vacanikA 252 devAnanda mahAkAvya 70, 76, 120 devArcana eka dRSTi 71,287 afar 8 dezAlA 16

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granthanAma pRSThAMka dohA koza 130 dohA paccIsI 216, 225 dohA bAvanI 274 dohA zataka 216, 218 dohA saMgraha 177 dravya jIva bhAva jIva rI caracA 238 dravya parIkSA 17, 44 dravya parIkSA anuvAda 296 dravya prakAza 279 dravya saMgraha 50, 98 dravya saMgraha bAlAvabodha 232 dravya saMgraha vacanikA 252 dravyAnubhavaratnAkara 286 dvAdazakulaka 35, 64 dvAdazakulaka vivaraNa 64 dvAdaza parva vyAkhyAna anuvAda 286, 288 dvAdaza vratodyApana pUjA 103 dvAdazAnuprekSA 10 5, 108 dvisandhAna kAvya 60 dvayAzraya kAvya 60 dvadyAzraya kAvya TIkA 65 dvayAzraya kAvya (zreNika caritra) 60 dvaghAzraya mahAkAvya 14 granthanAma pRSThAMka dhammapada 7 dhamma parikkhA 15 dhamma rasAyaNa 12, 20, 35, 51 dhamma saMgahaNI 20 dharma eka kasauTI eka rekhA 340 dharma aura darzana 333 dharma parIkSA 30, 145, 146, 211 dharma parIkSA rAsa 204 dharma praznottara zrAvakAcAra 255 dharma bAbanI 276 dharma baddhi pApa buddhi caupaI 178 dharma bodha bhAga 1-3; 352 dharmaratnakaraNDaka svopajJa TIkA 75 dharma rahasya 356 dharmavardhana granthAvalI 231, 276, 295 dharmavIra sudarzana 300, 330 dharma zataka 94 dharmazarmAbhyudaya 87 dharmazikSAprakaraNa 64 ,vivaraNa 64. dharmasaMgrahaNI 40 dharma saMgraha zrAvakAcAra 113 dharma sarovara 217, 2 18 dharma sopAna 320, 358 dharmopadezamAlA vivaraNa 15, 21, 34, 44, 75 dhavala jJAna dhArA 266,330 dhavalA 47 dhavalA TIkA 95 dhAtutpatti 17 dhAradeva carita 192 dhArmika kahAniyAM 365 dhartAkhyAna 15, 19,20, 24, 30, 40, 72, 291 dhyAna 242 dhyAnazataka 342 dhyAnazataka bAlAvabodha 230 dhra pada chattIsI 270 dhanadeva padmaratha caupaI 270 dhranapAla kathA 228 dhanapAla rAma 204 dhanasAra aghaTakUmAra caupaI 285 dhannAjI kI sajjhAya 187 dhannAjI kI sAta DhAlAM 185 dhannAjI DhAla 183 dhannAjIrI caupI 186 dhannA rAsa 172 dhanyakumAra cariu, dhaNakumAra cariu 154, 155, dhanyakumAra caritra 104, 105, 106, 221 dhanyakumAra carita vacanikA 252 dhanyakumAra rAsa 204 dhanya zAlibhadra caritra 78 dhamAli 225 naI samAja vyavasthA meM dayA dAna 344

Page #500
445 granthanAma pRSThAMka nagarakoTa prazasti ana vAda 296 nagara varNanAtmaka hindI padya saMgraha 286 nandana maNiyAra 184 nandana manihAra 182 nandana manihAra kI caupaI 184 nanda bahattarI 176, 274 nandarAya carita 187 nanditA 16 nandiSeNa caupaI 179 nandIzvara dvIpa pUjA 281 ,,paMkti pUjA 112 ,, pUjA 220 ,, bhakti pUjA 105 nandIsUtra , nandisUtra 4, 8 nandIsUtra cUrNI 10 nandIsatra TIkA 10, 40, 62, 72 nandIsUtra malayargAira TIkopari TIkA 74 namaskAra mahAmantra kalpa 294 namaskAra mAhAtmya 294 nami narendra stotra 114 nami rAjarSi gIta 174 namirAyajI sapta DhAliyA 185 nayacakra 48, 49 nayacakra bAlAva0 248 nayacakra mAra bAlAva. 232 nayamaMjarI 14 nayA yuga nayA darzana 352 narmadAsundarI caupaI 270 ,, sajjhAya 177 nala-damayantI 292 nala-damayantI rAsa 171 nala varNana mahAkAvya 73 navakAra cAlIsA 305 navakAra mantra kI lAvaNI 190 navakAra vyAkhyAna 226, 227 navagraha stavana 210 navatatva kI DhAla 182 navatatva prakaraNa TabbA 232 navatatva prakaraNa TIkA 68 , bAlAva0 228, 229 ,, bhASAbandha 275 ,, vistRta bAlA, 233 nava niyANA kI DhAla 182 nava nirmANa kI pukAra 345 granthanAma pRSThAMka navapada abhinava prakaraNa TIkA 72 navapada pArAdhana vidhi 288 nava padArtha sadabhAva 200 nava smaraNa 45, 72 navInatA ke anugAmI 326 nAga kumAra caritra 212 nAga kumAra rAsa 204 nAgadrA rAsa 206 nAgavilAsa kathA saMgraha 231 nAgazrI rAsa 204 nAgAmbara maMjarI 45,72 nAgora varNana gajala 283 nANa paMcamI kahAao. 16 nAtha candrikA 282 nAnArtha udayasAgara koSa 45, 72 nAna bhajana saMgraha 319 nAbhaya cariu 129 nAyAdhamma kahAno 6 nArikera kathA 150 nArI gajala 275 nAsti kA astitva 354 nAhaTAvaza prazasti 296 nikSepa cakra 116 nikSepa cakra hindI anuvAda 358 nikSepAMrI caracA 238 nijAtmASTaka 13 nijjhara paMcamI mahArAsa 156 nitya niyama pUjA 253 nisi sattamI vaya kahA 160 nindaka paccIsI 184 nimitta zAstra 17 niyamasAra 2,12 nirayAvalikA 6, 7, 363 nirgrantha pravacana 93 nirdoSa saptamI kathA 209 nirdoSa saptamI brata pUjA 204 nirvANa kANDa 13 nirvANa kAMDa bhASA 221 nirvANa lIlAvatI kathA 25,41,63 nivyANa bhatti 13 nizItha sutra, nisIha 2,7,8 nizItha caNi 10,40 nizItha niryuSita 9 .

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446 granthanAma pRSThAMka grantha nAma pRSThAMka nizItha padyabaddha bhASA TIkA 200 nemi vinoda stavanamAlA 291 nizItha bhASya 9 nemisura ko gIta 218 nizItha rIhaMDI 244 namisura rAjamatI kI lahari 218 niSiddhikA 2 nemIzvara kA bAraha mAsA 150,158, 207 niSpatti 351 nemIzvara gIta 105, 203, 209 nihAla bAvanI 281 velI 148 ninhava bhAvanA sapta DhAliyA 190 rAjamatI ko vyAhalo 219 nIti zataka hindI bhASA TIkA 232 , rAsa 204,209,218 nemajI kI lahari 219, 224 naitikatA kA gurutvAkarSaNa 350 nemajI ko vyAvalo 187 naitika pAThamAlA 352 nemanAtha rAjamatI bAraha mAsiyo 187 naitika vijJAna 352 nemavANI 190 naina kAvya saMgraha 306 nemigIta 172 nazaM zataka 94 nemicaritra 177 naiSadha kAvya TIkA 66,271 nemijina caritra (harivaMza purANa) 105, 106 naiSadha carita TIkA 61 tamidUta 91,296 naiSadhIya mahAkAvya jainarAjI TIkA 68 nemIdata TIkA 69,76 nokaravArI stavana 185 neminAtha gIta 207, 208 nyAya paMcAzati 85 neminAtha caritra 292 nyAya praveza paMjikA 60 neminAtha caritra bhASA 220 nyAya praveza sUtra TIkA 60,63 neminAtha chanda 207 nyAya ratnAvalI 73 neminAthajI kA dasa bhava varNana 219 nyAyavinizcaya 63 neminAthajI kA silokA 183 nyAyAvatAra TIkA 63 neminAtha nava bhava rAsa 270 neminAtha nava rasa phAga 170 neminAtha nuti 92 neminAtha phAga 169, 175, 177 bAraha mAsA 275 mahAkAvya 67, 117, 118 pauma cariu,pauma cariya 13,127,129 rAsa 162, 178, 211 135,155 neminAtha basanta phalaDA 172 paumasiri cariu 129 ,, vasantu 150,158, 207 paccakkhANa saruva 13 " vInati 113 paccIsa bola artha saMgraha 245 . vyAhalo 213 paJcakappa 7 nemi nirvANa kAvya 87,102,117,118 paJcakalpa niya kti 9 nemi rAjamati veli 205 bhASya 9 nemi rAjavali veli 148 ,, mahAbhASya 10 nemi rAjImatI bAraha mAmA 276 paJca kalyANaka 150 nemi rAjala gIta 209 paJca kalyANaka gIta 208 nemi rAjala bAraha mAsA 275,276,277 ,, pUjA 112,213,223,283 nemi rAjala saMvAda (ekAMkI) 359 ,, ,, vidhAna 115

Page #502
447. grantha nAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka paJca kalyANakodyApana pUjA 110 paTTAvalI prabandha 290 paJca kallANa rAsu 148 . , saMgraha 328 paJca kumAra kathA 78 paDikkamaNa samAyArI 13 gati veli 209 paDimA chattIsI 187 guNamAla pUjA 112 paNDita ToDaramala vyaktitva aura kRtitva , guru bhakti 13 321, 360. paJca granthI 21 paNNavaNA 6 paJcagranthI vyAkaraNa(buddhisAgara vyAkaraNa) 63,81 paNNavaNA taiya-paya saMgahaNI 12 paJca jJAna pUjA 284,285 patnapaddhati 291 tIrthI 90 patraparIkSA vanikA 252 ... tIrthI zleSAlaMkAra citrakAvya 70 patha aura pathika 263, 353 paJcatthikAya saMgaha sutta 12 patha ke gIta 311 paJca paraSThi guNamAlA 190 patha pAtheya 352 ,, ,, guNavarNana 204 pathyApathya TabbA 233 ,,, guNa stavana 224 pathyApathyanirNaya 82 ,, pUjA 108,112,213,284 pada cinha 345 ,,, stuti 214 pada bAraha khar3I 254 paJca prasthAna nyAya tarka vyAkhyA 64,65 pada bahatarI 274, 281, 282 paJca bhAvanAdi sajjhAya sArtha 295 pada saMgraha 218, 221, 223, 252 paJca bheda pUjA 213 padArtha ratna majUSA 291 paJca mAsa caturdazI vratodyApana vidhi 115 padakavizati 70 paJca meru pUjA 220 padma caritra 128 paJcaligI prakaraNa 41 padmanandi paJcaviMzati 20 , TIkA 64 ,, ,, hindI bhASA TIkA 231 paJca vatthuga 13 padmanandi zrAvakAcAra 103 paJca varNA 306 padmapurANa 95, 128, 220 249, 250 paJcavastu 40 padmAnanda mahAkAvya 87 paJca saMgraha 11, 97, 98 padmAvata 129 paJca samavAya adhikAra 233 padmAvatI caupaI 169 paJca sahelI gIta 205 padmAvatI padmazrI rAsa 174,270 paJcasUtra 92 padminI caritra caupaI 177, 296 paJcAkhyAna 70 paMthI gIta 205 paJcAMgAnayana vidhi 70 panaraha tithi kA savaiyA 274 paJcAdhyAyI 113, 114 pandramAM zataka nA cAra phAga kAvyo 167 paJcAzaka 13, 40, 63 paJcAstikAya 2 pandramA zataka nA prAcIna gurjara kAvya 16 pannavaNA TIkA 40 ,, TIkA 96 ,, tAtparyavati 98, 99 ,, padyabaddha bhASA TIkA 200 paracanI bola 241 paMcA stikAya bAlAvabodha 248 paratoM kA darda 312 ,, bhASA 223 paJcendriya veli 148, 205 paradezI rAjA rAsa 173 pajjaMtArAhaNA 9 . paramappayAsU joyasAru 138 paramahaMsa caupaI 209 pajjaNNa cariu 96, 155, 157, 158 paramahaMsa rAsa 204 pAvalI 194

Page #503
granthanAma pRSThAMka paramahaMsa saMbova caritra 78 paramAtmaprakAza 130, 248, 249 , TIkA 98 hindI bhASA TIkA 231 paramAtmarAja stotra 103, 105, 108 paramArthopadeza 110 paramparA bola 242 para samaya vicAra saMgraha 71 paryuSaNa parvArAdhanA 266, 336 paryaSaNA aSTAnhikA vyAkhyAna 285 partha SaNA nirNaya 71 parya SaNA parAmarza 71 parva ikkIsI 305 palyavratodyApana 111, 112 pallIvAla jaina itihAsa 293 pavanAMjanA 306 pavayaNasAra 12 pavayaNasAruddhAra 12 pazavadha-sabase bar3A dezadroha 320, 358 pazcAttApa (khaNDa kAvya) 321 pAiya-gajja-saMgaho 53 pAiya-pajja-saMgaho 53 pAiya-lacchI-nAmamAlA 16, 21, 35, 146 pAiya-vinnANa-kahA 38 pAiya-sadda-mahaNNavo 16 pAMca pAMDava carita 182 pAMca pAMDava rAsa 169 pAMca bhAvarI caracA 238 pAMca bhAva ro thokaDo 238 pAMca vyavahAra nA bola 240 pANDitya darpaNa 81, 276 pANDava carita 87, 262 pANDava purANa 111, 112 pANDava yazendu candrikA 165 pANDava yazorasAyana 194 pANDava vijaya 89 pAnIya vAdasthala 65 pArasa yajJa pUjA 318 pArasa vilAsa 223 pArasa zravaNa sattAIsI 148 pAca jina stuti 79 pArzvadAsa padAvalI 224, 318 pArzvanAtha 326 grantha nAma pRSThAMka pArzvanAtha kAvya paMjikA 111, 112 pArzvanAtha carita 87, 105, 106, 185, 292 pArzvanAtha jayamAla 219 pArzvanAthajI kA sAlehA 220 pArzvanAtha nava graha garbhita stotrAvacari 79 pArzvanAtha pUjA 288 pArzvanAtha rAso 210 pArzvanAtha zakuna sattAvIsa 148 pArzvanAtha sattAvIsI 205 pArzvanAtha stavana 185 pArzvanAtha stuti 185 pArzvanAtha stotra 45, 103 pArzvanAtha stotra avacari 66 pArzva paTTAvalI 287 pArvAbhyudaya 91 pAvana pravAha 52, 116 pAvana pravAha TIkA 358 pAvasa pravacana bhAga 1-5, 266, 329 pAvApurI 296 pAsaNAha cariu 136, 154, 155,160, 167 pAsanAha cariya 22 pAhuDa dAhA 138 piNDaniyukti 7, 9, 10 TIkA 40, 62 bhASya 9, 10 piNDavizuddhi 64, 71 bAlAvabodha 228 piNDavisohI 9 pilgrimsa progresa 58 pIyUSa ghaTa 366 pIradAna lAlasa granthAvalI 295 puNDarIka 2 pUNNAsava kahAkosu 155 pUNyavANI Upara DhAla 185 pUNyazrI carita mahAkAvya 83 puNyazrI carita mahAkAvya TIkA 83 puNyasAra kathAnaka 78 pUNyAsrava kathAkoSa 213,221, 249,250 pupphacalA 6 pUpphiyA 6, 363 puraMdara caupaI 174, 270 puraMdara vratodyApana 115 pUrAtana-prabandha saMgraha 142, 166,291

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149 nthinAma pRSThAMka anyanAma pRSThAMka purANasAra saMgraha 108 pratyekabuddha carita mahAkAvya 64 puruSArthasiddhayupAya 96, 249 pradyumna carita 87, 97, 112, 154, 157, puruSArthasiddhayupAya bhASA TIkA 251 158,359 puSpacUlikA 363 pradyumna rAsa 209 puSpamAlA 12,34 pradyumna lIlA prakAza 71, 76 puSpamAlA bAlAvabodha 229 prabandhakoSa 19, 142, 166, 169, 291 puSpAMjali kathA 150 prabandhacintAmaNi 141, 142, 166, 291 puSpAMjali rAsa 204 prabandha parAga 290 puSpAMjali vrata kathA 112 prabodhodaya vAdasthala 64 pUjA paMcAzikA bAlAvabodha 177 prabhava-prabodha kAvya 88 pUjASTaka TIkA 110 " " anuvAda 88 pUjya guNamAlA 193 prabhAvaka carita 19, 166, 291 pUjya rAmacanda ma. ke guNoM kI DhAla 185 prabhu stavana sudhAkara 285 pUjya zrI gaNezAcArya jIvana carita 264 pramANavAdArtha 70, 80 pajya zrI javAharalAlajI ma.sA.kI jIvanI 264 pramAlakSma svopajJa TIkA 63.0 pUjya zrImalajI kI sajjhAya 195 pramayaratnamAlA vanikA 252 pUjya zrIlAla kAvya 45, 72 prameyaratnAkara 100 pUjya hamIra carita 194 pramoda vilAsa 292 pUrvadeza varNana 281 pravacana DAyarI 2 bhAga 352 pRthvIcandra carita 33, 67, 228 pravacana DAyarI 4 bhAga 266 pRthvIrAja veliTabbA 231. pravacana parIkSA 35 pRthvIzataka 94 pravacana prakAza 360 paitAlIsa pAgama pUjA 284 pravacana prabhA 266, 330, 331 paiMtIsa bola kA thokar3A 292 pravacana racanA veli 177 posaha rAsa 206 pravacana sAra 2,229 posahavihi payaraNa 13 pravacana sAra TIkA 96, 98, 99 pauSadhavidhi prakaraNa TIkA 67 pravacanasAra padyAnuvAda 218 pyAse svara 303 pravacanasAra bAlAvabodha 229 prakAza 351 pravacanasAra bhASA 217, 248 prakAza ke patha para 303 pravacana sudhA 266, 330 prakRti aura preraNA 354 pravrajyAbhidhAna TIkA 65 prakRti ke caurAhe para 353 prazasti saMgraha 104, 359 prajJApanA sUtra pradeza vyAkhyA 62 prazna aura samAdhAna 350 pratApa kathA kaumudI 5 bhAga 262, 334,368 prazna catuviMzatikA 59 pratApa kAvya 115 praznaprabodha kAvyAlaMkAra svopajJa TIkA 73 pratikramaNa 2 prazna vyAkaraNa (paNhavAgaraNa) 2, 5 , TabbA 229 praznavyAkaraNa bAlAvabodha 229 pratikramaNa hetu 74 prazna zataka 59 pratidhvani 263, 333, 366 praznottara 230 pratimAlekha saMgraha 293 praznottara grantha 229 pratiSThA lekha saMgraha 296 praznottara tatvabodha 201 pratiSThAsAra bhASA 254 praznottara pUSpa vATikA 285 pratyAkhyAna pUrva 1 . praznottara ratnamAlATIkA 721 pratyekabuddhacarita 14, 65

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450 pRSThAMka pranthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma praznottara vArtA 282 protsAhana paccIsI 288 praznottara zataka 75 praznottara zataka bhASA 233 pha praznottara zrAvakAcAra 108 phalavaddhi pArzvajina stotra 80 praznottara sAradha zataka 242 phalavaddhi pArzvanAthamahAkAvya 77 praznottara sArddha zataka 71, 75 praznottarakaSaSTizata kAvya 64 " pArzvanAtha mAhAtmya kAvya 69 , maMDana pAca jina stava 79 praznottarakaSaSTizata kAvya TIkA 67, 76 phalavaddhi maMDana pArzvajina stotra 79 praznottaropAsakAcAra 105 phUla aura aMgAre 303,309 prasAdamaNDana 294 prAkRta aura usakA sAhitya 337 prAkRta kAzmIra 88 prAkRta dvathAzraya kAvya TIkA 64 bar3hate caraNa 346 prAkRta prakAza 133 battIsa sUtra darpaNa 287 prAkRta prabodha 53 badalate kSaNa 263, 365,366 prAkRta lakSaNa TIkA 112 banArasI vilAsa 359 prAkRta vyAkaraNa 16, 37, 45 bandhana TUTe 3 bhAga 351 prAkRta zabdAnuzAsana 16 bandha-svAmitva 11 prAkRtAnanda 291 bandhodaya sattA prakaraNa 12 prAgvATa itihAsa 293 bambaI cintAmaNi pArzvanAthAdi stavana pada prAcIna kAvyoM kI rUpa paraMparA 295 prAcIna gujarAtI gadya saMdarbha 167,226, 227 saMgraha 295 228, 291 barasalapuragar3ha vijaya 278 prAcIna gurjara kAvya saMgraha 167, 226, 291 balahaddI cariu 154 balibhadra caupaI 207 prAcIna jaina itihAsa saMgraha 16 bhAga 287 bahatA nirjhara 311 prAcIna phAgu saMgraha 167,270 prANAvAya pUrva 1 bAMkIdAsa granthAvalI bhAga 2, 3,297 prAyazcitta anuvAda 317 bAnagI 296 prArthanA aura tatvajJAna 293 bAravakhaDI (pAhuDa dohA) 149, 208 prArthanA paccIsI 305 bAralI kA abhilekha 14 prArthanA pravacana 266, 328 bArasAnavekkhA 12 prAstAvika aSTottarI 281 bAraha bhAvanA tathA bAraha mAsA sAhitya 361 prAstAvika zloka zataka sAnavAda 92, 93 bAraha bhAvanA pUjana 223 prAstAvika zloka zatakajaM 93 bAraha mAsA 142,274 priya dRSTAntodaya 263 bAraha vrata gIta 204 prItaMkara caritra bhASA 218 bAraha vrata pUjA 284 prItaMkara caupaI 218 bAraha vrata rAsa 168 prItaMkara moSigAmI caupaI 216 bAraha sau cauMtIsa vrata pUjA 112 prIta chattIsI 273 bAla kahAniyAM 3 bhAga 351 prema jyotiSa 70 bAlatantra bhASA vacanikA 279 praraNA ke prakAza stambha 334 bAlatantra hindI bhASA TIkA 232 praraNA ke bindu 263,334, 366 bAladIkSA eka vivecana 354 praraNA dIpa 351 bAlabodha pAThamAlA 3 bhAga 360 bAlazikSA 173,226 preraNA puSpa 2 bhAga 321

Page #506
451 pRSThAMka pranthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma bAlazikSA vyAkaraNa 291 bAlyavarNana 220 bhaktamAla saTIka 295 bAvanI 172, 179, 205 bhaktAmara avacari 66, 174 bAvanI (DUgara bAvanI) 205 TabbA 232 bAhubali carita 146, 151 pUjA 110 bAhubali veli 211 pUjA vidhAna 112 bAhubali vairAgya 321 bAlAvabodha 229 bikhare puSpa 334 stotra 91 bikhare motI nikhare hIre 305 anuvAda 320 bindu meM sindhu 333 padyAnuvAda 275,323 bIkAnera kI gajala 276 bhaktAmara stotra pAdapUrti 83 bIkAnera ke darzanIya jaina mandira 292 " " bhASA 212 bIkAnera jaina lekha saMgraha 295 ,,, vacanikA 247,252. bIkAnera varNana gajala 283 bhaktAmara stotrotpattikathA 223 bIbI bAMdI kA jhagaDA 295 bhaktAmarodyApana 110 budhajana satasai 216, 223 bhakti ke puSpa 302 budhavilAsa 302 bhagavaI ArAhaNA 13 buddha kI sUktiyAM merI anubhUtiyAM 346 bhagavatI ArAdhanA 2 buddha carita 60 .. bhASA vacanikA 253 buddhi prakAza 148 bhagavatI kI jor3a 200 buddhi rAsa 142,166, 168 bhagavatI rI huMDI 244 buddhivilAsa 115, 214 bhagavatI sUtra TIkA 68 buda bana gaI gaMgA 350 bhagavatI sUtra para vyAkhyAna G bhAga 325 bRhatkalpa 7 bhagavatstuti 92 , cUNi 10 bhagavAna ariSTanemi aura karmayogI , niyukti 9 zrIkRSNa eka anuzIlana 333 bhASya 9, 10 bhagavAna neminAtha kAvya 289 , mahAbhASya 10 bhagavAna pArzva eka samIkSAtmaka ,, laghu bhASya 10 adhyayana 333 ,, rI huMDI 244 bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kAvya 289 bahaccANakya bhASA 283 bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI paraMparA kA itihAsa 287 bRhattparyuSaNA nirNaya 287 bhagavAna mahAvIra 348 bRhata siddha pUjA 112 bhagavAna mahAvIra eka anazIlana 332, 332 bRhad dravyasaMgraha 50 bhagavAna mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha 36 , , TIkA 50, 98 bhagavAna mahAvIra kAvya 389 bRhad praznotara tattvabodha 242 beDAjAtaka 294 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sAdhanA kA rahasya 341 , vRtti 95 magavAna mahAvIra ke pAvana prasaMga 334 bodhapAhuDa 12 bhagavAna mahAvIra ke preraka saMsmaraNa 303, 30 brahmacarya 288, 331 bhaTakate-bhaTakate 261, 364 brahma vinoda 282 bhaTrAraka devasundarari rAsa 169 brahma vilAsa 187,282 bhaTTAraka paTTAvalI 115 brAhmaNa vADA 289 bhaTTAraka vidyAdhara kathA 204 bhadri kAvya 14,119 brAhmI sundarI 292

Page #507
pRSThAMka 452 nthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma masapaiNNA 8 bhAva pAhuDa 12 bhadrabAha caritra 221, 255 bhAva prakaraNa 12 , rAsa 204 bhAva pradIpa 7 bhadrodaya 115 bhAvabhAskara kAvya 89 bharata jI rI Rddhi 185 bhAva zataka 68 bharata bAhabaki cauDhAliyA 192 bhAva saMgraha 48, 49 " " caupaI 175 bhAva saptatikA 70 " " mahAkAvya 60, 87 bhAvArivAraNa stotra 64 " , rAsa 162 " ,TIkA 66, 67 , saMvAda 321 , ,, pAdapUrti stotra TIkAsaha 67, 80 bharata mukti 308, 309 bharatezvara bAhubali ghora 142, 166,168 bhAvArivAraNa pAdAdi stotra saMgraha 296 nii rAsa 142, 166,168 bharatezvarAbhyudaya 100 bhASA kavi rasamaMjarI 272 bhartRhari zataka traya TabbA 231 bhikkhu dRSTAnta 243 , itaka traya TIkA 77 bhikkha pirachA 242 ,, zataka traya padyAnuvAda bhASAbhUSaNa 277 bhikkhU pirichA 238 ,, zataka traya bAlAvabodha 231,232 bhikSa grantha ratnAkara 199 ,,taka traya bhASA prAnanda bhaSaNa 278 bhikSu jasa rasAyaNa 201 bhavabhAvanA 12, 22 bhikSa dvAtriMzikA 92 bhavabhAvanA bAlAvabodha 75,228 bhikSa nyAyakaNikAsAnuvAda 85 bhavabhavanA svogajJa TIkA 75 bhikSa vicAra-darzana 349 bhava stotra 13 bhikSu zataka 93, 94 bhaviSyadatta caritra 70 bhikSu zabdAnuzAsana 84 rAsa 204, 209 bhuvana dIpaka 294 bhaviSya bhaviSyA caupaI 270 , bAlAvabodha 231, 233 bhavissayatta kahA, cariu 16, 129, 138 bhUgarbha prakAza 17 146,156, 161 bhUdhAtuvRtti 71 bhAgyodaya 115 bhUpAla caturviMzati anuvAda 320 bhArata ke dezI rAjya 292 , TIkA 100 bhArata darzana 292 bhapAla caubIsI bhASA vacanikA 247 bhAratIya bhASAyoM ko jaina sAhityakAroM bhUrasundarI adhyAtmabodha 197 kI dena 355 jaina bhajanoddhAra 197 bhAratIya vidyA 291 jJAna prakAza 197 bhAratIya saMskRti kA mahArUpa 358 bodha vinoda 197 bhAratIya sAhitya 271 vidyA vilAsa 197 bhAva aura anubhAva 353 , viveka vilAsa 197 bhAva chattIsI 281 bhoja caritra 142 bhAvanA 307 bhoja caupaI 270 bhAvanA cautIsI 103 bhojana vidhi 280 bhAvanA prakAza 71 bhoja prabandha 174 bhAvanA vilAsa 275 bhole mUla artha 289 bhAvanA viveka 52, 116 bhramara battIsI 273 bhAva paccIsI 178 bhrama vidhvaMsana 241

Page #508
granthanAma ma 201, 202 u saptamI kahA 159 maMgalakalaza caupaI 176 maMgalavAda 68, 69 magana caritra maNidhArI jinacandrasUri mati prabodha chattIsI matsyodara rAsa 176 madana nariMda caritra 78 caupaI madana parAjaya nATaka madana zataka 271 madhura gIta 304 madhura dRSTAnta maMjUSA 194, 302 madhura zikSA 302 madhura stavana battIsI madhyAnha vyAkhyAna paddhati mana kI vINA 303 mana ke motI 303, 304 manonigraha ke do mArga 342 86, 342 177 " manonuzAsana sAnuvAda manorathamAlA bAvanI manoramA carita manohara phUla 302 manohara maMgala prArthanA 63 manthana 310 295 281 271 318 "" 301, 302 68 mayaNarehA rAsa 172 maraNakaraMDiyA 36 maraNasamAhi 8 marudharakesarI granthAvalI 302 mayaNajujjha 150, 158, 159, 206, 207 194 maryAdA mahotsava itihAsa aura paricaya 354 malaya sundarI caupaI 177 mallinAtha gIta 206, 207 carita 453 pRSThAMka granthanAma 304 mallinAtha jI kI caupaI mahaka uThA kavi sammelana phUla mahAkalpa 2 mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla vyaktitva aura kRtitva mahAjana vaMza muktAvalI 184 302 222, 359 284 mahAtapasvI carita 288 mahAdevI dIpikA 82 mahAnizItha, mahAnisIha 7, 8 cUrNi 10 8 "1 mahApuNDarIka 2 149 mahApurANa 129, 135 mahApurANa kalikA mahAbala malayAsundarI rAsa mahAbANaprazasti 147 "" mahAbhArata 135 mahAbhArata DhAlasAgara mahArANA pratApa 294 mahAvIra aura buddha kI samasAmayikatA 348 mahAvIra kI sUktiyAM merI anubhUtiyAM 346 mahAvIra ke teraha abhigraha kI sajjhAya 185 mahAvIra kyA the 341 mahAvIra carita 14 "1 " 33 77 11 "} 19 33 21 "1 wr 33 31 " 27 " 184 TIkA 78 cariya 21, 33, 42 chanda 207 jayanti smArikA 361 jI ko cauDhAliyo 184 177 jIvana prabhA 288 dezanA 358 paMca kalyANa pUjA pAraNA 270 yuga kI pratinidhi kathAeM rAsa 168, 210 zataka 93 SaT kalyANaka pUjA svAmI kI par3a svAmI caritra svAmI pUjA 288 mahIpAla caritra mahendrakumAra nATaka mahendra vilAsa 37 292 mahAzataka zrAvaka mahAsatI catarujI sajjhAya 105, 106, 182, mahAsatI candanabAlA 367 213 celanA kI DhAla 184 195 zrI zramarujI kA caritra zrI jasakaMvara - eka virATa vyaktitva 264 297 285 201 318 260 188 296 pRSThAMka 195 262

Page #509
454 pranyanAma pRSThAMka pranthanAma pRSThAMka mahopAdhyAya samayasundara 296 mUlarAja guNavarNana samudrabandha kAvya 71,77 mAgha 121 mUlasiddhi 13 mAgha kAvya avacUri 61, 66 mUlAcAra 2, 13, 52 mATI-kuMkuma 306, 307, 338 mUlAcAra pradIpa 105, 106 mANaka mahimA 201, 202 mUlAcAra bhASA vacanikA 253 mANikya maMjarI 291 mUlArAdhanA TIkA 100 mANikya manana 291 mRga loDhA kI kathA 182 mAtAjI kI vacanikA 232 mRgAMka padmAvatI rAsa 270 mAtakAdharmopadeza svopajJa TIkA 70 mRgAputra caupaI 176 mAtRkAprasAda 70 mRgAvatI 292 mAtRkAbAvanI 176 mRgAvatI rAsa 175 mAtukA zlokamAlA 69, 77 mRtyu mahotsava 223, 253 mAtR kIrtana 91 megha kumAra gIta 254 mAtherAna suSamA 89 megha kumAra cauDhAliyA 177, 178 mAdhavanidAna TabbA 142 meghadUta 91 mAdhurI 319 , avacUri 61, 66 mAna bAvanI 214 " TIkA 66, 68, 77 mAnavatA kA mArga aNuvrata AMdolana 355 meghadUta prathamapayasya trayoH 68 mAyA paccIsI 184 meghadUta samasyAlekha 70 mArdava 330 daya varSa prabodha 70, 294 mAlazikSA caupaI 270 meghamAlA vrata kathA 148. mAlApiMgala 281 mer3atA varNana gajala 283 mithyA upadeza niSedha sajjhAya 182 meNarehA kathA 187 mithyAtva khaNDana nATaka 214 metAraja muni caritra 184 mithyA dukar3a bInatI 204 merA dharmakendra aura paridhi 340 mInapurANa bhUmikA 289 merI gor3avAla yAtrA 289 mu kulaM sAnuvAda 90 merI bagiyA ke phUla 304 maktadhArA 311 merI mevAr3a yAtrA 289 mukta muktA 311 meru trayodazI vyAkhyAna 79 muktAvalI gIta 105, 203 mere gIta 304 mukti 330 mukti ke patha para 263, 366 mehesara cariu 154, 155 mukti ke patha para-zrI sujAnamalajI ma.sA., kI maiM merA mana merI zAnti 341 jIvanI 264 mokkhapAhuDa 12 mukti patha 299 mokSa prakAza 344 mukhapaTTI mImAMsA 287 mokSamArgaprakAzaka 251 muNisuvvayasAmi cariya 14 mokSazAstra (tatvArthasUtra) 55 muni anAthI rI sajjhAya 187 motI kapAsiyA chaMda 175 muni maganasAgara ke prazna aura zAstrArtha 289 moraDA 209 manizvarAM kI vInatI 225 mohajIta caritra 78 mahatacintAmaNi bAlAvabodha 142 mohanavijaya jIvana caritna 289 mahata maNimAlA 71 mauna igyArasa vyAkhyAna 233 matra parIkSA 275 mauna ekAdazI parva kathA bAlAva. 230 * mUrtipUjA kA prAcIna itihAsa 287 mauna vANI 353 mUrti maNDana prakAza 233, 284 maunakAdazI vyAkhyAna 79 mohana yAsarva kathA

Page #510
455 granthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka yati pArAdhanA 229 yatIndravihAra digdarzana 4 bhAga 289 yatIndrasUri abhinandana grantha 289, 293 yatyArAdhanA 75 yantra-mantra-kalpa saMgraha 294 yazavanta caritra 302 yazodhara caritra 71, 78,87, 105, 107, 210, 219, 220 yazodhara caupaI 220 yazodhara rAsa 177, 204, 206 yazorAjI padvati 70 yakti prabodha 70 yaktivAda aura anyApadeza 85 yuktyanuzAsana anuvAda 360 yugapradhAna catuSpadikA 44 , jinacandrasUri 264, 295 , jinadatta sUri 295 , zrI jinacandrasUri carcarI 168 yugapradhAnAcArya gurvAvalI 64 yuga pravartaka bhagavAna mahAvIra 355 yugAdideva stotra bAlAvabodha 229 yugAdidezanA 292 yoga kI prathama kiraNa 342 yoga cintAmaNI 58,86 bAlAva. 231 yoga dIpikA 86 yoga dRSTi samuccaya 57, 63, 86 yoga bAvanI 272 yoga bindu 57, 63, 86 yogavizikA 40,57, 63 yoga zataka 20, 33, 40, 63 yoga zAstra 86 pravacari 66 , caupaI 178 , bAlAvabodha 228, 229 yogasAra 130 " bhASA 223 , hindI anuvAda 289 yonipAhuDa 47 raidha granthAvalI 154 raghunAtha rUpaka gItAM ro 297 radhunAthavinoda 273 raghuvaMza avacUri 61, 66 , TIkA 66, 68, 69, 77 ratanacandrajI ma. kA guNa 187 ratanacUDa caupaI 175 ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra 213 " , bhASA TIkA 253 ratnacandra pada muktAvalI 186 ratnacUDa maNicUDa caritra 197 " , caupaI 177 ratna cUDa rAsa 172, 177 ratna jyoti 187 ratnatraya 292 ratnatraya pArAdhanA pUjA 288 ratnatraya pUjA 103 ratnatraya vidhAna 100,101 ratna parIkSA 17,44,295 ratna parIkSAdi sapta grantha saMgraha 44 ratnapAla caritra 88,89 ", hindI anuvAda 89 // caupaI 179 ratnazekhara 292 ratnazekhara kathA 78 ratnazekhara ratnAvalI rAsa 177 ratnasAra 289 ratnasAra kumAra 292 " rAsa 177 ratnasiMha rAsa 177 ratnahAsa rAsa 178 ratnAkara 319 ratnAvalI 197 ramalazAstra 59 rayaNacUDarAya caritra 22,32 rayaNavAla kahA 38, 46 rayaNasAra 2 rayaNasehara kahA 23 rayaNaseharI kahA 27 ravivaya kahA 159212

Page #511
456 granthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka ravivrata kathA 204, 212 razmiyAM 346 rasa nikuMja 293 rasa nivAsa 282 rasalatA 293 rasa vilAsa 167 rasika priyA TIkA 82 rasika priyA bAlAvabodha 142, 230 rasika priyA saMskRta TIkA 82 rahanemi rAjula sajjhAya 276 rahasya kalpadruma 65 rahasya pUrNa ciTThI 251 rAkSasa kAvya TIkA 73 rAghava pANDavIya TIkA 66, 73 rAjakoTa ke vyAkhyAna 3 bhAga 325 rAjagaha 296 rAjataraMgiNI 14 rAjanIti vijJAna 292 rAjapraznIya bAlAvabodha 229 rAjamatI vipralambha 100 rAjamatI sajjhAya 183, 185 rAjavilAsa 277 rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha bhaNDAra 359 rAjasthAna ke jaina grantha bhaMDAroM kI graMtha sUcI 5 bhAga 359 rAjasthAna ke jaina santa 359 rAjasthAna kesarI-puSkara manijI jIvanI aura vicAra 264 rAjasthAna bhAratI 228 rAjasthAna meM hindI ke hastalikhita granthoM kI khoja bhAga 28 295 rAjasthAnI veli sAhitya 219, 338 gAjasthAnI sAhitya kI gauravaparNa paramparA 205 rAjahaMsa ke paMkhoM para 354 rAjA yazodhara 292 rAjAzreNika ro cauDhAliyo 184 rAjA harizcandra 292 rAjImatI 292, 293 rAjula nemi dhamAla 270 rAjendrasUri jIvana caritra 289 rAjendra sUri smAraka grantha 293 rAThoroM kI khyAta 142 rAThoroM kI vaMzAvalI 142 rANakapura jaina itihAsa 293 rANakapura stavana 170 rAtribhojana rAsa 177 rAmakRSNa caupaI 176 rAmacarita mAnasa 129 rAmacarita 78. rAma purANa 225 rAma rAsa 203 rAma vana gamana 262 rAma sItA rAsa 204 rAmAyaNa 184,326 rAya nami kA paMca DhAliyA 184 rAyapaseNiya 6 rAvaNa vibhISaNa saMvAda 182 rASTra maMgala 307 rAsa aura rAsAnvayI kAvya 167 riTuNemi cariu 128 riTra samuccaya 17, 21, 36 risidattA cariya 43 ruI aura usakA mizraNa 293 rukmaNi vivAha 262 rukmaNi maMgala 295 rukmaNi maMgala (harajI ro byAvalo) 164 rukmaNi caritra 177 rucita daNDaka stuti TIkA 67, 80 rUpakamAlA 172 rUpakamAlA avacUri 68, 75 rUpakamAlA TIkA 172 rUpakamAlA bAlAvabodha 172, 229 rUpamanDana 294 rekhAcitra 353 revaMtagiri rAsa 162, 167, 168 rohiNI 183 rohiNI rAsa 204 rohiNI vrata pUjA 321 rohiNI stavana 173 rauhiNeya 89 lakaDahArA 292 lakSmI stotra 103 laggasuddhi, lagnazuddhi 17, 40 lagna kuMDaliyA 40 laMghana pathya nirNaya 279

Page #512
457 graMnthanAma pRSThaka granthanAma pRSThAMka laghu cANakya bhASA 283 laghu jAtaka TIkA 82 laghu jAtaka bhASA TIkA 173 laghu triSaSTi zalAkA puruSa caritra 70 laghu nayacakra 12 laghu prakaraNamAlA hindI anuvAda 289 laghu bAvanI 214 laghu zAnti stava TIkA 69, 80 laghu saMgrahaNI bAlAva. 229 laghu sAdhu vaMdanA 182 laghu siddhacakra pUjA 112 laghu stava TabbA 279 laghu stava bhASA TIkA 232 labdhi vidhAna kathA 221 labdhisAra 11, 50 labdhisAra bhASA TIkA 251 lalitAMga kumAra 292 lavajI muni kAvya 45, 72 lAghava 330 lATI saMhitA 113, 114 lAlacanda bAvanI 188 lAvA rAsA 297 likhata (maryAdA patra) 239 liMga pAhuDa 12 liGgAnuzAsana avaNi 68 lIlAvatI 16 lIlAvatI gaNita 278 lIlAvatI bhASA caupaI 142 lIlAvatI rAsa 178 lekhA lIlAvatI 291 lo kathA kaha dUM 263,334,366 lokatatvanirNaya 56, 63 lokanAla bAlAvabodha 230 lokaprakAza 344 loka bindusAra 1 lo kahAnI suno 263, 334, 366 . locana kAjala saMvAda 142 lobha paccIsI 184 lokAzAha mahAkAvya 45, 72 vajjAlagga 12 vajrapuraMdara cauDhAliyA 182 vaDDhakahA 133 vaDhamANa kAvya 150 vaNhidasApro 6 vaddhamANadesaNA 12 vadhAvA 210 vandanA 2, 220 vaya paccIsI 184 vayarasvAmI rAsa 177 varakANA stavana 173 varadA 231, 278 varAMga cariu, carita 87, 160 varNaka samuccaya 228 vartamAna bhArata kA nakzA 353, 356 vardhamAna carita, caritna 87, 105, 107 vardhamAna pAraNau 142 vardhamAna purANa 221, 222 vardhamAna purANa bhASA TIkA 255 vardhamAna purANa sUcanikA 2231 vardhamAna stotra 45, 72 (megha mahodaya) varSa prabodha 59 vallabha-bhAratI 296 vavahAra 7 vasantarAja zakuna TIkA 82 vasanta vidyA vilAsa 211 vasudeva caupaI 177 vasudeva rAsa 177 vasudeva hiNDI 14 vasunandi zrAvakAcAra bhASA TIkA 255 vasumatI 293 vastupAla carita 122, 123 vastupAla caritra kAvya 77 vastupAla tejapAla rAsa 169 vastupAlanu vidyAmaNDala 293 vastupAla mahAmAtya kA sAhitya maMDala aura usakI saMskRta sAhitya ko dena 2933 vanhidazA 363 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra 94, 102 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra avacUri 66 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra TIkA 65, 68,73, 114 vAgbhaTAlaMkAra bAlAvavodha 229 vAgvilAsa 228 vANI vINA 302 va vaMkacUla caritra 89, 188 vaMkacUla rAsa 204 vacanadUta 116, 360

Page #513
458 graMthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka vAdArtha nirUpaNa 70 vidyAnuvAda 1 vAstusAra 17, 23 vidyAvilAsa caritra caupaI 172 vAstusAra prakaraNa 294 vidyAvilAsa pavAr3A 169 vikAsa 351 vidyAvilAsa rAsa 176, 178 vikrama caritra 142 vidvatprabodha kAvya 69,77 vikrama caritra caupaI 172 vidhavA kartavya 295 vikrama caupaI 270 vidhi-kandalI svopajJa TIkA 23,76 vikrama paMcadaNDa caupaI 174, 178 vidhi ke khela 303 vikramapura AdIzvara stotra 80 vidhi prakAza 229 vikramAMkadeva caritra 14 vidhi mArga prapA 42,65 vikramorvazIya nATaka 140 vidhavana 306 vicAra aura anubhUtiyAM 333 vinayacandra kRtikusumAMjalI 276, 296 vicAra candrodaya 282 vinayacandra cauvIsI 194 vicAra chattIsI 232 vipAka sUtra, vivAasuya 5, 363 vicAraratna saMgraha (huDikA) 75 vipAka sUtra anuvAda 288 vicAra ratnasAra praznottara grantha 232 vimalanAtha stavana 186 vicAra razmiyAM 333 vilhaNa paMcAzikA 142 vicAra vikAsa 354 vividhatIrtha kalpa 42, 59, 65,291 vicAra zataka 76 viveka paccIsI 282 vicAra SatrizikA avacUri 70 vivekamaMjarI, vivegamaMjarI 22, 34 vica rasAra 283 viveka maMjUSA 358 TabbA 232 viveka vilAsa 12, 35, 216, 222 vijayakIrti gIta 150, 158, 207 vivekodaya 115 vijayakIti chanda 207 vizati pada prakAza 71 vijayakumAra cauDhAliyA 189 - vizati vizikA 40 vijayakuMvara va vijayaka varI kA cauDhAliyA 188 vizAla locana stuti TIkA 80 vijaya ke Aloka meM 355 vizikA 35 vijayadeva mAhAtmya 69, 123 vizeSaNavatI 11 vijaya prazasti kAvya TIkA 77 vizeSanAmamAlA 174 vijaya yAtrA 354 vizeSa zataka 68,76 vijaya seTha vijayA seThAnI 292 vizeSazataka bAlAva. 233 vijaya seTha vijayA seThAnI kI sajjhAya 183 vizeSa saMgraha 68 vijJaptikA 77 vizeSAvazyaka bhASya 9 vijJaptijJapti pAtra patra 77 vizvacetanA ke manasvI santa mani vijJapti patra 77 zrI suzIla kumAra jI kI jIvanI 264 vijJapti-triveNI 67,291 vizvajyoti mahAvIra 302 vijJapti lekha saMgraha 291 vizva prahelikA 343 vijJa vinoda 282 vizvavANI 319 vijJa vilAsa 282 vizva sthiti 355 vijJAna candrikA 71,77 vizvAmitra 319, 357 vidagdhamukhamaMDana avacari 66 vizvAsa 351 vidagdhamukha maNDana TIkA 61, 65, 69, 73,82 viSa se amata kI ora 261, 338, 366 vidagdhamukha maNDana bAlAva. 229 viSApahAra stotra anuvAda 320 vidyA 228 viSApahAra stotra bhASA 212

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459 granthanAma pRSThAMka viSApahAra stotra vacanikA 247 viSNu kumAra carita 189 visarjana 354 visAlakItti ko dehuro 218 vihArI satasaI TIkA 277 vihimaggappavA 13 vItarAga vandanA 282 vItarAga vijJAna pAThamAlA 3 bhAga 360 vItarAga stuti 91 , stotra 103 ,, avacUri 66 vInatI 220, 224, 282 vIragaNa ikkIsI 305 vIra caritra 41 ra, bAlAva. 229, 232 vIra nirvANa saMvata aura jaina kAla gaNanA 290 vIra bhaktAmara svopajJa TIkA 70 vIra vANI 321, 357, 358, 359 vIra vibhati 337 vIra vilAsa phAga 211 vIra zAsana ke prabhAvaka prAcArya 359 vIrAMgada caupaI 270 vIrAMgada sumitra caritra 304 vIrodaya 115, 116 vIryAnavAda 1 vIsa tIrthakara pUjA 317 vIsala deva rAsa 174 vIsa viharamAna pUjA 284 , rAsa 169 vIsa sthAnaka pUjA 285 bIsA yanta vidhi 70 vIsI 177, 178 vattabodha 45,72 vRttamaNDalI 196 vata mauktika 296 vatta ratnAkara avacari 66 ,, TIkA 68, 81 , bAlAvabodha 142,229 vRddhAcArya prabandhAvalI 118 veMkaTezvara samAcAra 293 veTatha pada vivecana 81 vali 205 vaicArikI : 276 vaidyakasAra 278 granthanAma pRSThAMka vaidyacintAmaNi (samudraprakAza siddhAnta) 275 vaidya jIvana TabbA 233 vaidya dIpaka 284 vaidya vallabha 58 vaidya virahiNI prabandha 273 vainayika 2 vairAgya chattIsI 177 vairAgya mahAkAvya 321 vairAgya rasAyana prakaraNa 12 vairAgyazataka 69, 77,305,327 , anuvAda 292 TIkA 69, 73,275 vaizAlI kA abhiSeka 260. 261 vyavahAra sUtra 2, 8 cUrNi 10 kti 9 bhASya 9, 10 rI haMDI 244 vyasanarAja varNana 213 vyAkaraNa catuSka bAlAvabodha 228 vyAkhyAna navaratnamAlA 193 vyAkhyAprajJapti, vivAhapaNNatti, 2, 4 (bhagavatI sUtra) ,, caNi 10 vrata kathA koSa 105, 108, 204, 220 vata vidhAna rAso 212 zakaDAlaputra 325 zakuna dIpikA caupaI 278 zakuna zAstra 284 zakuntalA rAsa 173 zaMkha poravalI ko carita 186 zaMkhazvara mahAtIrtha 289 zataka 11 zata dala kamala maya pArzvajinaptava 69,80 zatadala kI paMkhur3iyAM 311 zatazlokI TabbA 233 zatrujaya mAhAtmya rAsa 177 zanujaya yAtrA stavana 177 za@jaya rAsa 175, 178 zatraM jaya laghu mAhAtmya 66

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460 granthanAma pRSThAMka zanizcara kathA 282 zabdaprabheda TIkA 81 zabdArtha-candrikA 282 zabdoM kI vedI anabhava kA dIpa 343 zAkaMbharI pradeza ke sAMskRtika vikAsa meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna 359 . . zAntarasa 232 zAnta sudhArasa 90 zAnti aura samanvaya kA patha: nayavAda 355 zAnti ke patha para 2 bhAga 353 zAnti ke sopAna 266, 329 zAntinAtha caritra 70, 87, 105, 107, 148, 149, 213 zAntimAtha jayamAla 220 ,, jinAlaya prazasti 77 zAntinAtha deva rAsa 168 zAtinAtha purANa 209, 221 zAntinAtha phAgu 105, 203 , stavana 103 zAnti pIyUSa dhArA 358 zAnti laharI 70 zAnti sindhu mahAkAvya 45, 72 zAlibhadra ko SaTaDhAliyo 184 zAlibhadra carita 262 , caupaI 271 zAlibhadra dhannA adhikAra chaha DhAliyA 189 zAlibhadra phAga 169 , rAsa 168, 169 zAzvata caitya stava 13 zAzvata jina stava TIkA 80 zAzvata stavana bAlAva. 229 zAsana-catustrizikA 98 zAsanaprabhAvaka prAcArya jinaprabha aura unakA sAhitya 296 zAstra pUjA 204 zAstra maNDala pUjA 110 zAstra vArtA samuccaya 63 zikSA SaNNavati sAnuvAda 92 zikSA sAgara 295 zivakoSa 45, 72 zivaramaNI vivAda 220 zizupAlavadha 19, 121 TIkA 66 tRtIya sarga TIkA 68 granthanAma pRSThoka zIghrabodha 287 zItalanAtha gIta 211 , vInatI 208 zIladUta 91 zIla navavAr3a samyaka 176 zIla battIsI 148, 205 zIla bAvanI 270 zIla rAsa 173, 177, 178 zIlavatI 292 zIlavatI kathA 78 zIlopadezamAlA TIkA 72,75 bAlAva. 229 laghu vRtti 69 zukarAja kumAra 292 zukarAja rAsa 176 zuddha deva anubhava vicAra 286 zuddha rahasya 285 zuddha samAcArI maNDana 286 zUlI aura siMhAsana 364 zrRMgAra kavitta 283 zRMgAra rasamAlA 70 zRgAra vairAgya taraMgiNI 60 zRMgAra zata 142 zRgAra zataka 64 zeSa saMgraha TIkA 65 zraddhAMjali 300 zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra 290 zramaNa mahAvIra 349 zramaNa saMskRti aura kalA 286 zramaNa saMskRti kI dodhArAeM / jaina aura bauddha 355 zrAddhadina kRtya bAlA. 233 zrAvaka dRSTAnta 243 zrAvaka dharma prakAza 344 zrAvaka dharma vRhadvatti 64 zrAvaka dharma vidhi prakaraNa 40 zrAvaka vidhi vRhad vRtti 74 zrAvaka dharma vidhi svopajJa TIkA 74 zrAvaka vidhi prakAza 76 zrAvaka vidhi rAsa 169 zrAvaka vyavahArAlaMkAra 284 zrAvaka vrata kulaka 76 zrAvakAcAra TIkA 103 bhAvakArAdhanA bhASA 232

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461 granthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka zrI gaNeza muni zAstrI : sAdhaka aura sarjaka 302 SaTa kalyANaka nirNaya 71, 287 / zrIcandra caritra 292 SaTkhaNDAgama 2, 5, 10, 47 zrI jaina zvetAmbara paMcAyatI mandira 296 dhavalA TIkA 11, 20, 47, 48 kalakattA kA sArddha zatAbdI smRti grantha paddhati TIkA 11 zrI tulasI mahAkAvya sAnuvAda 87,88 prAkRta TIkA 11 zrIdhara carita 125 , paMjikA 11 " , mahAkAvya 77 prAkRta saMskRta mizrita TIkA 11 zrIpati stotra 317 SaT paMcAzikA vRtti bAlAva. 70 zrIpAla caritra 78, 105, 107, 184 SaTa mata sAra siddhAnta 283 214,222 SaT lezyA veli 219 anuvAda 288 SaT sthAnaka prakaraNa TIkA 64, 74 TIkA 78 SaDazIti 11 prAkRta kA hindI anuvAda SaDAvazyaka TIkA 65 286 bAlAvabodha 227, 228,228 , bhASA 233, 284 SaDdarzana samuccaya TIkA 72, 80 caupaI . 179 "" bAlAva. 233 " rAsa 177, 178, 204,209 SaD bhASAmaya patra 71, 77 " " (saMkSipta) 177 SaSTizata, SaSTizataka 23, 35, 45 , stuti 254 , bAlAvabodha 228, 229 zrI bhikSu mahAkAvya 87 SoDazakAraNa jayamAla 156 zrImatI kA cauDhAliyA 188 zrImatI jI kI DhAla 182 sa zrImatI rAsa 177 saIkI 286 zrImada gItA 45 saMkalpa vijaya 302 zrImada devacandra stavanAvalI 295 saMgIta razmi 302 zrI manoharavijaya 293 saMgIta saMcaya 305 zrImAn lokAzAha 287 saMgItikA 300, 301, 330 zrIlAla nAmamAlA koSa 45,72 saMgrahaNI bAlAvabodha 228 zruta anubhavavicAra 286 saMghapaTTaka 64 zrutapUjA 110 , bAlAvabodha 233,286 zrutaskandha pUjA 112 , had vRti 64 zrutAvatAra 19, 47 , vRtti 174 zreNika caritra 111, 112,222 saMghapati mallidAsa gIta 208 , (dvayAzraya kAvya) 42, 65 saMghapati rUpajI vaMza prazasti 69, 296 zreNika caritra TIkA 118, 119 saMgha pUjA 284 zreNika caupaI 178 saMtiNAha cariu 136, 156 " prabandha 210 saMtoSa tilaka jayamAla 150, 151, 158 rAsa 204 207 zreyAMsa kumAra kI DhAla 184 saMthAraka 8 zloka zataka 94 saMdesarAsaka 129, 291 TIkA 72 saMdeha dolAvali 35 SaT karma rAsa 206 TIkA 64,67

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462 pRSThAMka granthanAma granthanAma pRSThAMka saMdehavisosadhi (kalpasUtra TIkA) 241 sanatkumAra cariu, caritra 162, 163 saMbodha sattarI anuvAda 292 sanatkumAra cakri caritra mahAkAvya 64, saMbodha sattANa 211 124, 296 saMboha pagaraNa, saMbohapayaraNa 12, 20 sanatkumAra cauDhAliyA 184 saMbhavaNAha cariu 160 sanatkumAra rAjarSi cauDhAliyA 190 saMyama 331 sanatkumAra rAsa 174 saMyama prakAza 358, 359 santa guNamAlA 200 saMyama maMjarI 162 santAna cintAmaNi 284 saMyoga dvAnizikA 278 sannipAta kalikA TabbA 232 saMvara sudhA sAnuvAda 90 sanmatitarka 19 saMvegaraMgazAlA 22, 34, 42 saptati kA 11 saMzayavadanavidAraNa 111 saptatizatasthAna catuSpadI 285 saMsakta niyukti 9 sapta padArthI TIkA 65, 80 saMsAradAvA pAdapUAtmaka pArzvanAtha stotra 70 saptarSi pUjA 112 saMskRta gItimAlA 90 sapta vyasana parihAra 288 saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa 57 sapta sandhAna kAvya 60, 70, 121, 122 saMskRti kA rAjamArga 266 sapta smaraNa TabbA 231 saMskRti ke prAMcala meM 333 TIkA 68, 80 sakalakIti rAsa 105 , bAlAvabodha 174,229, 232 sagara caritra 187 sabhA zRMgAra 228, 295 saccauriya mahAvIra utsAha 166, 168 sabhA sAra 283 saDDhadiNakicca 13 samakita satamI 176 saNaMkumAra cariya 14 samatA darzana aura vyavahAra 266, 329 satayuga zataka 305 samayakhitta samAsa 12 satI candralekhA 197 samayasAra 12, 138 satI naramadA kI caupaI 184 TIkA 96,98,99, 112, satI madanarekhA 262 115 satI mRgAvatI 296 samayasAra bAlAvabodha 232 satI rAjamatI 262 bhASA TIkA 113 satI sItA 292 , vacanikA 252 sattarisayaThANa payaraNa 12 samayasAra kalaza 96 satya 288,331 , , TIkA para TabbA 96 satya kI khoja anekAnta ke pAloka meM 343 , bAlAvabodhinI TIkA 247 satya kI caupaI 270 samayasAra nATaka bhASA vacanikA 253 satyapUramaNDana mahAvIra jina stava 80 samayasundara kRti-kusumAMjali 175, 270, satyapuramaNDana mahAvIra stotra 65 295 satya pravAda 1 samayasundara rAsa paMcaka 296 satyavijaya nirvANa rAsa 177 samarAicca kahA 15, 20, 24, 30, 40, satya harizcacandra 300, 301, 330 63 sadayavatsa prabandha 273 samarAditya kevalI caritra 71, 78 sadayavatsa sAliMgA caupaI 142 samarAditya caritra 305 sadevaccha sAvaliMgA caupaI 273 samarA rAsa 162, 169 sadabhASitAvalI 105, 107, 220 samavAyAMga 2, 4, 5, 6 sadavattizAlinI 111 , bAlAvabodha 229

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463 aMnthanAma pRSThAMka granthanAma pRSThAMka samavAyo (samavAyAMga) 347 sarvajJasiddhi prakaraNa 63 samasyA kA patthara adhyAtma kI chainI 341 sarvadharma sadbhAva 355 samasyA zataka 94 sarvArthasiddhimaNimAlA 177 samAcArI zataka 68, 76 sarvArtha siddhi vacanikA 252 samAdhitantra 86,98 sabvattha zabdArtha samuccaya 69 , TIkA 102 sahajAnanda saMkIrtana 296 samAdhimaraNa bhAvanA 335 sahasrakUTa pUjA 284 samuccaya pUjA 317 sahastra guNita pUjA 112 samudradatta caritra 115 sahasranAma pUjA 113 samudrabandha kAvya vacanikA 281 sAMsoM kA anuvAda 314 samba pradyumna caupaI 175 sAkSI hai zabdoM kI 314 sambodha akSara bAvanI 223 sAgara seTha caupaI 296 sambodha prakaraNa 40 sAgara dharmAmRta TIkA saha 101 sambodha paMcAzikA 113 sAdhanA kA rAjamArga 266, 332 sambodha saptati TIkA 69, 74 sAdhanA ke patha para 266, 330 sambodhi sAdhanA ke sUtra 266, 331 86, 345 sambodhi hindI anuvAda 86 sAdhanA patha kI amara sAdhikA- 264 mahAsatI zrIpannAdevI jI ma. kI jIvanI sambhava jinAlaya prazasti 77 sammaI jiNa cariu 154, 155 sAdhanikA 244 sammaI sutta 12, 33 sAdhu karttavya kI DhAla 186 TIkA 12 sAdhuguNa kI sajjhAya 183 sammatta kaumudI 156 sAdhu guNamAlA 185 sammata guNa nidhAna 155 sAdha paMca pratikramaNa sUtra anuvAda 287 sammetazikhara pUjA 283 sAdhu pratikramaNa sUtra TIkA 65 , yAnA stavana 177 sAdhu pratikramaNa sUtra bAlAva. 229 sammeda zikhara pUjA 115 sAdhu vandanA 174, 282 samyaktva kaumudI 113, 158 sAdhu-zrAvaka vidhi prakAza 71 , bhASA 217 sAdhu samAcArI 229 ,, rAsa 175 sAdhvAcAra patizikA 71 samyaktva prakAza 214 sAdhvI ratnakuMvara 302 samyaktva mAI caupaI 167 sAdhvI vyAkhyAna nirNaya 71, 76,287 samyaktva mithyAtva rAsa 204 sAmAyika 2 samyaktva rAsa 171 sAmAyika pATha anuvAda 320 samyaktva zalyoddhAra 285 sAmAyika pATha vacanikA 252 samyaktva saptati TIkA 72 sAmpradAyikatA se Upara uTho 337 samyaktva stava bAlA. 229 sAra caturvizatikA 105, 108 samyag darzana pUjA 285 sAra cauvIsI 222 samrAT khAravela kA hAthI guphA zilAlekha 14 sAra zikhAmaNi rAsa 105, 203 sayalavihivihANa kavva 152 sAra samuccaya 249 saragama 313 sArasvata TIkA 68,69 saradAra sujasa 201 sArasvata dhAtupATha 73 sarasa gIta 304 sArasvata bAlAvabodha 142 sarasvatI pUjA 103, 110, 111, 204 sArasvata rahasya 68 sarasvatI stavana, stuti 110 mArasvatAnuvatyavabodhaka 81

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464 granthanAma pRSThAMka grantha nAma pRSThAMka sArasvatIya zabda rUpAvalI 68 sArAvali 9 sArddhazataka 11 sAvayadhammadohA 130, 138 sAvayadhammavihi 13 sAvayapaNNatti 13 sAsa aura bahU 354 sAhitya aura saMskRti 333 sAhitya ke trikoNa 338 sAhu guNamAlA45 sikha nakha 283 siddhacakra kathA 151 siddhacakra pUjA 111,285 siddha cakra zrIpAla rAsa 170 siddhapAhuDa 9 siddha pUjA 103 siddha pUjASTaka 222 siddha pratimA muktAvalI 284 siddhabhakti 13 siddhati viveka vilAsa 284 siddha zabdArNava nAmakoSa 69 siddha saptatikA 71 siddha hemacandra zabdAnuzAsana 16, 63 siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana TIkA 69 siddha hema zabdAnuzAsana laghuvRtti 73 siddhAcala gajala 281 siddhAcala pUjA 284 siddhAntacandrikA TIkA 71 siddhAnta ratnAvalI vyAkaraNa 81 siddhAnta sAgara prAthamika zikSA 289 siddhAntasAra 52, 187, 244 siddhAntasAra dIpaka 105, 107, 212 siddhAntasAra bhASya 110 siddhAntasAroddhAra 228 siddhAntArthasAra 155. sindUraprakara TIkA 66,73 sindura prakara bAlAva. 229 siripAla cariu 154 siripAla kahA 15, 138, 155 siri vijayacandakevali cariya 31 sItA carita 192 sItAjI kI AloyaNA 183 sItArAma carita 228, 296 sItArAma caupaI 175, 295 sIpa aura motI 314 sImandhara stavana 148, 173 sImandhara svAmI gIta 211 sIla jakhar3I 224 sIla pAhuu 12 sukUmAla cariu,caritra 105, 106, 161 sukumAla caupaI 178 sukumAla sajjhAya 173 sukozala svAmI rAsa 204 sukosala cariu 155 sukRta kItikallolinI 291 sukhacaritra 288 sukhanidhAna 114 sukhavilAsa 213 sukhAnanda manoramA caritra 187 sugandha dazamI pUjA 322 sujAna pada sumana vATikA 188 sujArnAsaha rAso 278 sutta nipAta 7 suttapAhuDa 12 suttAgama 45 sudaMsaNa cariu 137, 138, 152, 154 sudaMsaNA cariya 16, 22, 32 sudabhatti 13 sudarzana caritra 105, 106, 262, 325 sudarzana caupaI 178 sudarzana rAsa 173,204, 209 sudarzana zreSTha rAsa 171 sudarzana seTha 292 sudarzana seTha rAsa 177 sudarzanodaya 115 sudaSTi taraMgiNI 213 sudhA 319 sundara gIta 304 supAsanAha cariya 14, 22 subaha ke bhUle 302, 303 subAhu kumAra 262 subAhu sandhi 174 subuddhi prakAza (thAnavilAsa) 212, 213 subhadrA caupaI 179 subhadrA satI kI caupaI 187 subhadrA satI catuSpadikA 167, 168 subhASita grantha TabbA 231

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465 grantha nAma pRSThaki grantha nAma pRSThAMka subhASitArNava 112 stavana ratna 70 subhauma cakravarti rAsa 204 stavana ratna maMjuSA 291 sumainAha cariya 14 stavanAdi saMgraha 289 sumati kumati ko cauDhAliyo 196 sthAnAGga (ThANAMga) 1, 6, 55 sumati caritra 196 sthAnAGga sUtra nAthAgata tti 68 pamitra kumAra rAsa 173 sthUlibhadra kavitta 170 sumitra caritra 73 sthalibhadra guNamAlA kAvya 70, 77, 119:120 sUrapitA kA dohA 183 sthUlibhadra chattIsI 272 surasundara caupaI 174,270 dhamAla 270 surasundarI 292 nATaka 291 surasundarI cariya 16, 21, 31 phAga 169 surasundarI rAsa 178 rAsa 167, 175 surAdeva zrAvaka 292 majjhAya 177 sulocanA caritra 114 stAva pavAzikA 230 suSeNa carita 114 snAtra pUjA sAnuvAda 293 sakti dvAtrizikA vivaraNa 75 smRti vijJAna 354 sUktimuktAvalI 60, 77 svayambhUcchanda 128 sukti ratnAvalI svopajJa TIkA 71 svayamma stotra 91 sUkti saMgraha 45, 72 ", anuvAda 320 sUkSmArtha vicAra pAroddhAra 64 sthAdvAda muktAvalI 70 satrakRtAMga (guyADAMga) 2,3 sthAdvAdAnabhavaralAkara 23 caNi 10 spana saptatikA 61 TIkA 10 TIkA 75 dIpikA 71 svapna sAmadrika zAstra 284 niyukti / svarUpa sAvana-vRtti 11 ! , bAlAyabodha 229 svarUpAnanda 248 sUrajaprakAza 182 stharAdaya 283 sUrapaNNatti 6 , bhASA 278 surimantrakalpa 66 sAra 288 surimantra vahatkalpa vivaraNa 65 svaNagiri pAzvajinastAva so sUryaprajJatti ? svAtmasambodha 73 niryavita 9 svAmI kAtikavAnaprekSA bhASA 2.2 seTha dhannA carita 262, 325 seTha sudarzana 184 sojata varNana gajala 283 solaha kAraNa pUjA 105, 108 hanamata rAsa 20, 209 solaha kAraNa bhAvanA 321 hammIra mahAkAvya 122,123,291 solaha kAraNa rAsa 105, 203, 204, 208 hamIra rAsA sAra 289 solaha satI kI sajjhAya va caupaI 182 hammIrAyaNa 296 saundarya darzana 263, 366 havijaya 119 saubhAgya paMcamI kathA 79 harikezI mani carita 189 saubhAgya paMcamyAdi saMskRta parvakathA saMgraha 296 harikezI sandhi 174, 178 saubhAgya lakSmI stotra 283 haribala 289

Page #521
466 anya nAma pRSThAMka anya nAma pRSThAMka haribala macchI 292 " " rAsa 177 haribhaktAmara 80 haribhadra ke prAkRta kathA sAhitya 52 kA pAlocanAtmaka adhyayana haribhadrAcAryasya samayanirNayaH 290 harivaMza purANa 104, 128, 155, 203, 204, 220, 249, 251 harivilAsa 288 harizcandrakAlikaM dvizataka 94 harizcandra tArA 262, 325 harizcandra nATaka 291 harizcandra rAsa 177 haMsa vaccha nATaka 291 hasta saMjIvana 59, 70 hiMgala prakara 60 hita zikSA dvAtrizikA 280 hindI iMgliza DiksanarI 7 bhAga 292 hindI jana-jana kI bhASA 356 hindI pada saMgraha 359 hindI bahI khAtA 293 hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa 205, 357 hindI sAhitya kA paricaya 297 hindustAna sAptAhika 357 hima aura pAtapa 335 himmatarAma padAvalI 188 hIyAlI 142, 175 hIraka pravacana 10 bhAga 266, 332, 339 hIrakalaza 142, 249 hIrakalaza joisahIra 175 huNDikA 69 hrauMkAra kalpa 294 hemacandrAcArya jIvana caritra 293 hema dRSTAnta 243 he mana baraso 201 hemarAja bAvanI 275 haima nAmamAlA ziloJcha TIkA 69, 81 , saTIka 296 haima nAma mAlA zeSasaMgraha TIkA 69, 81 haima nighaNTu zeSa TIkA 69 haimaliMgAnuzAsana durgapada prabodha TIkA 69,81 haima zabda candrikA 70 haima zabda prakriyA 70 haimI nAma mAlA bhASA TIkA 232 holI kathA 212 holI kI kathA 209 holI rAsa 204 holI reNakA caritra 113 holI ro cauDhAliyo 187 holI vyAkhyAna 233

Page #522
467 [2] viziSTa vyakti evaM granthakAra nAmAnakramaNo nAma pRSThAMka nAma pRSThAMka akabara 43,67, 68,149,270 akalaMka 85 akhayacanda rAMkA 196 akhayarAja zrI mAla 247,248 agaracanda 179 agaracanda nAhaTA 42,165,195,264,267 294,295 ayavantA RSi 189 ajanalAla seThI 318 arjuna varmA 99 aNoM rAja 161 alAuddIna khilajI 23, 44 arhatsena 95 azoka muni 263, 305 azvaghoSa 60 prA acalakItti 212 ajaya narendra 147 ajayapAla 147,156 ajayarAja pATanI 219 ajita mani 'nirmala' 307,335 anUpa jaina 323 abhayakuzala 231 abhayatilakopAdhyAya 64,65,168 abhaya devasUri 10,12, 22,31, 34, 41,42,63,72,124,167,363 abhayadharma 229 abhayadharmavAcaka 272 abhayamuni 307 abhayasiMha (jodhapura nareza) 182 abhayarAja nAhaTA 295 abhayasoma 176, 178 amaracanda 134 amaracanda godIkA 217 amaramANikya 174 amaravijaya 176, 178, 280 amarasindhura 179 amarasiMha 185. amitagati prAcArya 97,98 amA RSi 192 amRtacandra 5 3, 98 , (dvitIya) 96,97 amRtavandrari 96,98 amatadharma vAcaka 71,280 ambadeva 162 ambadevasUri 169 prAIdAna golachA 240 prAcArya amarasiMha 190 amRtakumAra 261,364 prAnanda RSi 197,327 prAsakaraNa 185,186 RSirAma (rAmacandra) 239,240 kAla gaNI 84,85,244,245 246, 308 kuzaladAsa 184 gaNezIlAla 266,326,328 guNabhadra 363 ghAsIlAla 45,72 candrakIrti 208 jayamalla 183,185,188,193 javAharalAla 45,72,192,262, 263,266, 324 jinasena 215,250,363 jItamala 308 jJAnasAgara 115 DAla gaNI 240,245 tulasI 85,86,91,92,93,201, 202,234,245,266,267, 308, 309, 313.314,315, 340, 342, 345,346, 347, 348,350,351,352, 353 daulata rAma 187 dharasena 2, nandalAla 291 nAnAlAla 266, 328

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AcArya nemicandra 216 pAdalipta 13 77 "" 33 17 " 12 23 " 33 31 71 21 " sujANamala 185 sumatisAgara sUryasAgara 358 somakIrti 206 hammIramana 194 AcArya haritamala 72, 181,266, 267,300 328, 366 nAma " pRSThAMka " 16, 261, 365 17 d. puSpadanta 2 bhAramalla 239, 240 bhikSu (bhoga) 199, 200,234, 235, 236, 240, 244, 308, 347 182, 183 bhUvara raghunAtha 184 ratanacanda 188,190 ratna canda 196 rAmacandra zukla 205 rAmacanda 183, 185, 186 maghanAtha 236 prAjJAsundara 78, 172 AtmArAma (vijayAnandasUri ) 285 grAnandaghana 143, 176, 178, 274, 289 AnandarAja luNiyA 186 AnandarAma kAsalIvAla 221 yAnandavardhana 275 71 vijayavarmasUri 293 zrIlAla 192 prAtandavallabha 233 zrAnandasiMha 221 AnandopAdhyAya ( AnandIlAla jaina ) 317 Amrakavi 14 yAnadevasUri 26, 42 Arya deva 144 grArya rakSita 8, 55 zrAyA umA 335 215 468 335 Xue gaMgA 335 gulAbI 335 candanA 335 335 chaganA jetA 335 jJAnA 335 zrAryA 31 31 "" 31 11 12 11 nAma "; indranandi indrabhUti indrasena padmA pannA prema kuMvara premA IzAna zrAlamacanda 179 prazAdhara 155 prAsacandra 228 grAsaDa 22, 34 AmarAja daraDA grAmigu i 335 phUlAM maganAM 335 rukmA 335 lAchA 335 saMtokhA sarasA 335 I 135 pRSThAka 335 u 335 19, 47 4 95 67 166, 168 264 335 179 273 335 uccAraNAcArya 11 uttamacanda bhaNDArI udayakamala 179 udayacandra 81, 217 udayacandra bhanDArI 282 udayacandra matheNa 276 udayacandra luhADiyA udayatilaka 280 udaya nAgorI - 338 udaya muni 263,335 udayaratna udayarAja 282 223

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nAma pRSThAMka udayavallabhasUri 228 udayavijaya 179 udayasAgara 73, 229, 230, 271 udayasiMha (rAjA) 35 uddharaNa sAha udyotana sUri 113 15, 16, 19, 20, 28, 29 41, 42, 43, 261 upAdhyAya zramara muni kavijI umarAvacanda jaragaDa umAsvAti 55, 85 umA svAmI 254 umeza muni 'aNa ummedacandra 75 kakkuka pratihAra kadIbAI 289 kanakakIrti 307 329 293, 297 R RSabhadAsa 221, 223, 255 RSabhadAsa nigotyA 253 RSiputra 17 RSivardhanasUri 171 e elAcArya 19, 20, 47, 95 ka 37 176, 254 kanakakumAra 79 kanakakuzala 79, 80 kanakanidhAna 179 kanakaprabhA ( sAdhvI ) kanakasundara gaNi kanakasAma 300, 301, 85 229 78. 174 kanakAmara 137 kanIrAma 187 kanhaiyAlAla loDhA kapUravanda ( kuzalasAra ) kamalalAbha 230 338 469 284 nAma kamalasaMyamopAdhyAya kamalasundara 77 kamala harSa kamalA jaina kamalA jaina 'jIjI' kamalAde kamalAdevI karamasiMha 103 67 190 141 " " 21 kamacandra 80 karmacandra bacchAvata karmacandra svAmI 176 kalaza zreSThi kalyANakalaza kalyANa kavi kalyANakIrti 281 210 kalyANacandra 172 kalyANacandra bhAI kalyANatilaka vAcaka kalyANadAsa 217 kalyANadeva 175 kalyANamala lalavANI kalyANarAja vAcaka kalyANalAbha 178 kalyANasAgara 230 kaMvarasena ma. 196 RSabhadAsa 171, 270 kaNha 139 karaNIdAna 182 kavi kuzalalAbha 272 kezava 273 jasarAja 274 Thakkura 148 dAmo 271 31 " " " 11 31 31 71 11 11 17 11 pRSThAMka 228 178, 231 262 23 364, 365 67 239 293 44 191 66 puNyanandI 172 bhattu 167 mAladeva 'mAla' raghupati 233 rayaNa 167 lADanAtha 186 lAlacanda 278 lohaTa 219 vastiga 169 269

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470 nAma pRSThAMka nAya ThAMka kavi haricanda-harizcandra) 150 kesarabAI 191 halla-hariiMda kesarAM bAI 193 kesarIcanda bhANDAvata 297 kaviyA murAridAna bArahaTha 297 kesarIcanda seThiyA 263, 366 kastUracanda 233 kesava 143 kastUracandra gaNI 74 koTyAcArya 9 kastUramala bAMThiyA 293 komala koThArI 297 kahana (kRSNapAda) 130 kozapAla 147 kSamAkalyANopAdhyAya 71,74,75,76,77, kAnUbAI 183 kAlidAsa 60, 119, 140 78,79, 125, 179, 233, 280, 284 kAliya zreSTha, kalaza zreSTha 44 kSamApramoda 179 kAlUrAma 245 kSamAmANikya 81 kAla svAmI bar3A 240,245 kSemakIrti 176 kizanarAma 289 kSemasAgara 78 kizanalAla 190 kSemaharSa 179 kizanasiMha 221 kizanadAsa mUNota 187 kisanasiMha 290 kItiratnasari, kItirAja, 67, 77,117,118 khaDagasena 211 kItirAjopAdhyAya khetala 277 khetalade 66 kIrtivardhana 82, 273 khetala debI 65 kItisiMha 218 khetasI 68 kIrtisundara 231 khetasI vilAnA 224 kunda nda-kundakundAcArya 2, 11, 12, 13 khetasI sAha 224 ___19,138 khetA 149 kumAra kAtikeja 12 khuzAlacandra kAlA 220 khudhyAlacanda 179 kumArapAla 147, 156, 157, 161 khUbacanda 191 kuMvarAde 193 kuzalakIti 65 kuzaladhIra 82, 176, 178, 230,284 kuzalalAbha 142, 143 kuzalasAgara 179 gaMgA 39 kuzalAMjI 240 gagA bAI 180, 293 kuzalojA 153 gaMgArAma 193 kRpAvijA 710 gaMgArAma caudharI 186 kRSNa AhAga 3 gajamala 191 kevala mani 301, 305 gasiMha (bIkAnera naraMza) 182 kezaramani 71 gajasiMha rAThauDa 290 kezarIsiha 255 gaNeza muni 263, 333, 366 kezava 18! gaNeza mani zAsvI 302, 302 kezavadAsa 277 gargarSi 11 kabharakuMvara 194 gargasvAmI 63

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471 nAma pRSThAMka nAma pRSThAMka giradharalAla 179 gIgAde 185 guNakamala 179 guNacandra gaNi (devabhadrasUri) 22, 26, 41 guNacandrasUri 14 guNadhara 11 gaNanandana 176 guNapAla muni 14, 16, 43 guNaratna 69, 77 guNaratna vAcaka 175 guNa ratnasUri 170 guNavatI 145 gaNavijaya 77 gaNavinayopAdhyAya 68,69, 74,75,76, 77,79,80, 175 guNasamRddhi mahattarA 32, 195 guNAkarasUri 169 guNAkarasenasUri 97 guNADhya 133 gumAnacandra 179 gamAna bAI 184 galAbacanda jaina 264 galAbacanda jaina darzanAcAya 322,359 guhasena 134 ganIbAI 191 gaiMdIlAla 358 gaidIlAla bhAMvasA 359 goinda (govinda) 128, 144 gokulacanda kuMbhaTa 194 gopAladAsa paTela 293 gopIcanda dhADIvAla 297 govardhana dhakkaDa 145 gosvAmI tulasIdAsa 273 gautama gaNadhara 4, 55 catubhuja 115 canda 225 candanamala 'cAMda' 261 candanamala nAgorI 294 candana muni 38,46,87,88,89,90,91,93, 263 candratilakopAdhyAya 64,76 candradharma gaNI 229 candraprabha mahattara 31 candraprabhasUri 171 candrarSi mahattara 11 candra zrAvaka 23| campArAma bhAMvasA 255 campAlAla coraDiyA 307 campAjI sAdhvI 196 cAndamala karNAvaTa 338 cAndamala jaina 'zazi' 319 cAndamala sIpANI 297 cAmuNDarAya 11 cAmpa kavi 169 cAraNa svarUpadAsa 165 cAritracandra 74 cAritradharma 142 cAritravardhana 66 cAritrasiha 175 cAritrasiMha gaNI 229 cAritrasundara 179 cAritrasundara gaNI 75, 76 cArucandra 173 cAru bhaTa 99 cidAnanda 285 caina sukha 233 cainasukha luhADiyA 317 cauthamala 184, 193 cauthamala svAmI 240,245 ghelha 143, 148 ghevarI 115 chailla 144 chaganalAla zAstrI 88 chAhaDa 99, 102 chItara TholiyA 209 chIhala 205 chogamala copar3A 89 caumuha (caturmukha) 128, 13 4, 135,144, CC

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472 nAma pRSThAMka nAma pRSThAMka chogAjI 245 choTelAla bhAMvasA 319 jagaDa 167 jagatarAya 217 jagannAtha 179 jagajIvana 217 jaDAvajI 196 jayakatti 229 jayakIrtisUri 171 jayacanda 179, 232 jayacanda chAbar3A 222 jayacandrasUri 228 jayatazrI 65 jayadatta 67 jayadeva 90 jayanidhAna 175 jayamalla 182, 183 jayaraMga 176, 178, 179, 230 jayarAma 15 jayarAma kavi 145 jayavallabha 12 jayazekharasUri 119, 169 jayasAgaropAdhyAya 67, 77, 173 jayasAgarasUri 286 jayasAra 78 jayasiMha (alavaranareza) 192 jayasiMha nareza 120 jayasiMhasuri 15, 21, 34, 44,75 jayasena (jinase na) 11 jayasena 97 jayasenAcArya 98, 99 jayasoma 23, 179 jayasomopAdhyAya 68,79, 175,229 jayAcArya 200, 201, 233, 240, 242, 243, 244, 308, 346 javAharalAla zAha 317 jasakaraNa DAgA 338 jasarAja 176 jasavanta 181 jasavantarAya 182 jasazIla 232, 27 jahAMgIra 69 jAna banayana 58 jAyasI 129 jAlhaDa sAhu 160 jitAri 20 jitendra dhIMga 307 jina kavIndrasAgarasUri 80, 288 jina kuzalasUri 65, 74, 79, 176 jinakRpAcandrasUri 286, 294 jinacandrasUri 22, 34, 42, 73, 162,168, 177 ,, (kalikAlakalpataru) 65 " (begaDa) 275 ,, (maNidhArI) 64 ,, (yugapradhAna) 67, 175, 270, 271 jinacAritrasUri 74 jinadatta 40 jinadattasUri 12, 22, 33, 35, 62, 143, 161 jinadAsa 144 jinadAsa paNi mahattara 8, 9, 10, 40, 363 jinapatisUri 64, 124 jinapadmasUri 169 jinapAlopAdhyAya 64,74, 124 jinaprabodhasUri 64, 168 jinaprabhasUri 13, 42, 59, 60, 61, 65, 79, 118, 169 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 342 jinabhadrasUri 23, 66, 79, 174 jinamatI 147, 157 jinamaNisAgarasUri 71, 76, 287, 296 jinamANivaya 33 jinamANikyasUri 67 jinaraMgasUri 179, 277 jayandrapAla 146 javAharacanda pATanI 264 javAharalAla jaina 230 javAharalAla nAhaTA 297

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nAma jinaratnasUri ( pra . ) (dvi.) 77 jinarAjasUri ( pra . ) (f.) 37 jinalAbhasUri 179 jinavardhanasUi 65, 67, 80, 172, 179 jinavallabha gaNi / 11, 13, 22, 42, 63 76, 161, 162, 226 176 41, 80 179 65, 66,67 61, 68, 175, 176, 271, 277 pRSThAMka vija jinasamudrasUri jina jAgarasUri jinasiMhasUra janasukhasUri jinasundarasUri jinasUri 228 jinasena 47, 48 jinahaMsasUri 67, 74 jinaharisAgarasUri 288 jinaharSa ( jasarAja ) 143, 176, 178,230, 231, 274, 278. 23 33 67, 73, 143, 176, 177 73, 228 65, 67, 175 179 179 jinaharSa gaNi 23, 77, 78, 123 jinaharSasUri 27 jinendra muni 307, jitezvarasUri ( pra . ) 21, 25, 26, 31, 32, 41, 42, 63, 74, 75, 78, 80 (dvi.) ( kUrvapurIya) 169 473 64, 65, 74, 168 63 jItamala 185 297 jItamala copar3A 307 jItamala lUNiyA jIta nala svAmI 200 jIta muni 289 jIvanarAma 191 jIvanalAla 320 1 jIvarAja 79, 175, 180, 192, 299 jIvarAja baDajAtyA 225 jeThamala jauharI 194 jaina divAkara cauthamala 193, 262, 266,299, 300, 304, 305, 325 joiMda 138 nAma jogIdAsa 251 jogIdAsa mathena jodharAja kAsalIvAla 213 jodharAja godIkA 278 jozIrAya mathena jJAnakItti 179, 215 jJAnacandra 232, 255 jJAna tilaka jJAnanidhAna jJAnapramoda jJAna bhArilla jJAnameru 81 jJAnavimalopAdhyAya jJAnavilAsa 176 278 178, 276 232 176 jhagaDU 218 ] jhumaramala khaTeu 217, 218 pRSThAMka 261, 364, 365 69, 79, 81 jJAnasAra 179, 233, 281 jJAnasundara 175 jJAnasundara ( devaguptasUri ) 286 jha 245 Ta TIkama 211 Tekacanda jaitAvata 1915 Tekacandra 213 5 Tha. araDakkamala 66 Tha. jaisala chAjahaDa 65 Tha. bhISaNa 66 Tha. sahasra malla 66 Thakkara pheru 16, 17, 23, 44,66 ThakkurasI 205 ThAkura 209

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474 mAma pRSThaka nAma pRSThAMka DaoN. harmana jekobI 40 DA. hIrAlAla jaina 47, 48,58,140, 187 DaDDhA kavi 97, 98 DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla 321, 360 DAlUrAma 214, 224 DaoN. indracanda zAstrI 264 DUMgarasI 218 DaoN. indrarAja vaida 307,338 DaoN. IzvarAnanda zarmA 274 DaoN.e.ena. upAdhye 99 DaoN. kamalacanda saugAnI 360 DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 217, 218, 222, tattvakumAra 179 267, 358, 362. taruNaprabhAcArya 79, 227 DaoN. kRSNA muhaNota 282 tAjamala botharA 297 tArAcanda mahatA 307 DaoN. gaMgArAma garga 361, 362 DaoN.gautama 251 tArAcanda seTha 188 DaoN. griyarsana 144 tAlhapa 160 DaoN.jayakizana 249 tilakasari 14 tiloka RSi 189,327 DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina 105 DaoN.TasITarI 164 tihuNapAla 146 DaoN. dazaratha zarmA 50,297 tumbUlAcArya 11 DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI 162 tulasIdAsa 129 DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata 219, 261, 263,267, tejapAla 160 tejasiMha gaNi 181 306, 338, 365,366 DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI 48,52,59, 155 tolArAma 289 DaoN. premasAgara 105 tribhuvanakIrti 215 DaoN.prema sumana jaina 261, 267, 364 tribhuvananArAyaNa 152 DaoN. bhogIlAla sAMDesarA 228,293 alokyasAgara 288 DaoN. mahendra bhAnAvata 307, 338 trivikrama 16, 37, 41 DaoN. motIlAla menAriyA 277 DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA 337 DaoN. rAjArAma jaina 154, 155 DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA 205 DaoN. rAmacandra zukla 357 DaoN. rAmacaraNa mahendra 366 thAnasiMha ajamerA 316 DaoN. rAmaprasAda dvivedI 302 thAnasiMha TholiyA 212 DaoN. lakSmInArAyaNa sAhU 345 thAharu zAha 229 DaoN. lAlacanda jaina 361,362 DaoN. lUDo rocara 87 DaoN. vijendra snAtaka 312 DaoN. zukiMga 7, 40 DaoN. saubhAgamala dausI 323 DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI 130 DaoN. harivaMza kochar3a 162 daNDI 127, 128, 133, 134 DaoN. harivallabha bhAyANI 228 dayAtilaka 232

Page #530
478 nAma pRSThAMka pRSThAMka deva vAcaka 8 devavijaya gaNi 78 devasena 12 devasena 12,48, 49, 50 devIlAla loDhA 190 devIlAla sAMbhara 261,297 devIsiMha cAMpAvata 182 devendra 210 devendra kIrti 218, 255 devendragaNI 10, 15 devendra muni 262, 263, 267, 332, 366 devendrasUri 11, 13, 16, 22, 32, 33,72 330 daulatarAma 216, 225 daulatarAma kAsalIvAla 213, 221, 222, 248,249,251,357 daulata rUpacanda bhaMDArI 307 daulatasiMha loDhA 'araviMda' 293 dyAnatarAya 216, 217 droNa 135 dayAmeru 178 dayAratna 73,273 dayAvallabha 277 dayAsAgara 78,271 dayAsAra 179 dayAsiha 71,77,228 dayAsiMha upAdhyAya 279 dayAsundara 277 dalapata 142 dAmodara 154 diDa nAga 60 dilArAma 211 divAkaradAsa 23 divAkarasena 95 divAkarAcArya 72 dIpacanda 82, 191, 213, 232, 279. dIpacanda kAsalIvAla 248 dIpacanda zAha 225 dIpAbAI 236 dIpA zaMkhavAla 67 dIvAna amaracanda 223 dIvAna jayacanda chAbar3A 255 durgadeva 17, 21, 36 durga svAmI 63 durgAdAsa 184 durlabharAja 63 dulIcanda surANA 189 dRSya gaNI 8 depAla 171 devakumAra jaina 264 devacandra 12. devacandropAdhyAya 176, 178,232, 279 devajI RSi 327 devabhadrasUri 15,63 devamuni 233 delhaNa 162, 167 delhaNade 161 delhAkuMvara 67 devapAla paramAra 101 devaratna 176 devarAya 150 devadhigaNi kSamAzramaNa 2, 4,8 'valade 67 dha dhanaMjaya 60 dhanadeva 144 dhanapAla 16, 21, 35, 135, 137, 146, 151, 152, 166, dhanapAla maMtrI 35) dhanarAja 82 dhanavatI 196 dhanazrI 146 dhanasAra pAThaka 77 dhannAjI 299 dhanezvara 45 dhanezvarasUri 16, 21, 31, 41 dharamadAsa 217 dharasena 10, 17 dharasenAcArya 47 dharma 167, 168, 219 dharmakalaza muni 169 dharmakIrti 175 dharmaghoSasUri 13 dharmacandra 73 dharmatilaka 64

Page #531
476 nAma pRSThAMka nAma pRSThAMka dharmadAsa 611 dharmadAsa gaNI 12, 14, 15 dharmadAsa jI 180 dharmadeva 229 dharmadeva gaNI 228 dharmapAla 147 dharmapramoda 175 dharmamandira 176, 178 dharmaratna 175 dharmavardhana (dharmasI) 70, 80, 176, 178, 231,276 dharmavizAla 284 dharmazekhara 119 dharmasamudra vAcaka 173 dharmasAgaropAdhyAya 67 dharmasiMha 180 dharmasI bohitharA 68, 271 dharmasena 191 dhala 144, 152 dhANika chAjahaDa 66 dhAraNI 45 dhAralade 68 dhAraladevI 271 dhAhila 129 dhUdhali sAhu 160 dharta 144 naracandrasUri 59 naracandropAdhyAya 59 narapati 64 navala 216, 217,222, 225 nAgadeva 100, 101 mAthIbAI 192 nAthU agravAla 205 nAthUlAla jaina 323, 361 nAnUbAI 189. nAbhirAya 255. nArAyaNI devI 191. nihAla ajamerA 260. nihAlacandra baja 223. nUnajI 180. nemikumAra 102. nemicanda jaragaDa 293. nemicanda seThI 218. nemicandra 98, 190. nemicandra gaNI 16 nemicandra bhaNDArI 23, 35, 45, 167 nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI 11 nemicandrasUri 12, 14, 21, 22, 26, 33,42 nainamala jaina 305 nainasiMha 232 na nathamala 193. nathamala svAmI 246 nathamala bilAlA 212 nandarAma 224 nandalAla 191 nandAdevI 183 nandiSeNa 13 nanasUri 228 nami sAdhu 134 nayacandrasUri 14, 122, 123 nayanacanda 217, 222 nayanandi 152 nayanasiMha 278 nayaraMga 23,76,78, 175 tamavilAsa 230 pauma kavi 1690 paNDita anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha 320 AzAdhara 96,99, 100, 101 indralAla zAstrI 160, 320,358 udaya jaina 307, 337 kAzInAtha jaina 262, 292 khetA 113 giridhara zarmA 83,323 gumAnacanda 185 ghAsIlAla 267 cimanalAla 317 cainasukha dAsa 52, 115, 116, 318, 320,357,358,360,361 cauthamala zarmA 320 jagannAtha 114 jayacanda chAbar3A 53,252,253, 254,357

Page #532
pRSThAMka pRSThAMka 477 nAma mAma paNDita jinadAsa 113 padma kumAra 176 jugalakizora mukhtAra 96 padmacandra 232 " ToDaramala 53, 213, 214, 251, padmananda muni 12 252,254, 357 padmanandi 20, 35 dAmodara 226 padmanandi AcArya 51 dukhamocana jhA 264 padmanAbha 205 daurbali jinadAsa zAstrI 117 padmaprabha 64 narasena 151 padmamandira gaNI 75, 172 nAthU rAma premI 48, 51, 96, 110 padmarAja gaNi 67, 80, 174 nityAnanda zAstrI 83 padmazrI 194 nIlakaNThadAsa 345 padmasAgara 74 paramAnanda zAstrI 48, 96, 104, padmAnanda kavi 66 110, 145, 146, 148, padmAnanda zrAvaka 77 150, 157 paMnyAsa kalyANavijaya 289 , phUlacanda (pupphabhikkhu) 45 paramAnanda 174 bhagavatIlAla zarmA 83 palha kavi 166, 168 bhagavAnadAsa jaina 293 pANinI 127,132 bhaMvaralAla nyAyatIrtha 359 pAnamala koThArI 297 mahAcanda 316 pAyacandasari 243 mahAvIra 99 pArasamala kaTAriyA 297 mAMgIlAla 223 pArasamala polyAkA 361 mAlhA 148 pArasa muni 307 milApacanda ratanalAla kaTAriyA 361 pArvatAjI 196 milApacanda zAstrI 358 pArzvacandrasUri 173, 174, 229 mUlacanda zAstrI 116, 360 pArzvadAsa 217, 225 medhAvI 52, 113 pArzvadAsa nigotyA 223,224,318 raghunandana zarmA 85,87 pArzvadeva gaNi 60 ratnarAja 231 pAlhaNa 167 rAjamalla 53,96, 113 pI. DI.guNe 132 lAkha 146 paMjarAja 173 vaMzIdhara zAstrI 361 puNyazIla 71,281 zivajIlAla 254 puNyasAgara mahopAdhyAya 67,74,76,174 zivadatta 224 puNyaharSa 231 zobhAcanda bhArilla 264,339 puSkara mani 45, 262, 266, 332 zrIdhara 99 puSpadanta 10, 47, 129, 135,137,145 zrIprakAza zAstrI 116 151, 15 satyandhara kumAra seThI 361 pujya amarasiMha 196 sadAsukha kAsalIvAla 253 , kajor3amala 187 sadAsukhadAsa 223 , gumAnacanda 186 sukhalAla 39 " durgAdAsa 187 harinAtha mizra 217 , dharmadAsa 191 , hIrAlAla siddhAnta zAstrI 36! , nAnakarAma 191 pataJjali 86,134 pUjyapAda 85, 98 padama magata 164 pUjya ratnacanda 183 padamasundara 229 vinayacanda 188

Page #533
478 pRSThAMka pRSThAMka nAma nAma pUjya zrImala 195 balavantasiMha mehatA 297 " pUnamacanda 190 ballAla 157 pUnasiha 103 bastA 280 pUrNakalaza gaNi 64 bahAdurasiMha siMghI 290 pUrNacandra jaina 297 bANa bhaTTa 24, 41, 128 pUrNabhadra gaNi 78 bAbU kAlUrAma 242 pathvIcanda 299 bAlacanda 178, 277 pathvIcandra 167 bAlacanda pAnDe 212 pathvIcandra rAjAdhirAja 64 bAlacanda muni 156 pathvIpAla amAtya 162 bAlacanda sonI 358 pRthvIrAja cauhAna 64, 124 bAlanandi 20, 51 pathvIrAja rAThoDa 164, 230, 231 pomarAja zreSTha 114 buddhasiMha bAphanA 297 pyArA bAI 192 buddhi muni gaNi 71 prakAza muni 335 buddhisAgara 21 prajJAtilaka 168 buddhisAgarasUri 63,81 pratApacanda bhUrA 338 budhajana (bhadIcanda) 223 pratApamala paMgaliyA 187 budhajana 216, 217, 225 pradyumnasUri 13, 43 bUTerAya 285 pradyumnAcArya 64 begarAja 249 prabodhacandra gaNi 64 brahmadeva 98 prabhAcandra 98 brahma ajita 215 prabhudatta 45 kAmarAja 114 prasanna kumAra seThI 321 gaNakIrti 215 premacanda rAMvakA 362 candrasAgara 214 premarAja sAha 214 jayasAgara 208 pro. pravINacanda jaina 360 jinadAsa 104,105,107,203 pro. suvAlI 40 devA 221 dharmaruci 215 nAtha 219,225 prahalAda varNI 114 bucarAja 113, 206, 207 phUlacanda bAphanA 297 bUcarAja blh-buucaa| 150,158 bIlha-valhava yazodhara 207 ratnakIti 151 bakhatarAma 224 rAyamalla 208, 216 bakhtarAma sAha 214 sAdhAraNa 159 bakhtAvara kAsalIvAla 223 badhAvAsiMha 191 banArasIdAsa 216, 217, 221, 230,232 bappadeva guru 11 bhaktibhadra 280 baladevasiMha cauhAna 196 bhaktilAbhopAdhyAya 82, 173

Page #534
pRSThAMka 479 nAma pRSThAMka bhagavatIdAsa 161 bhaTTAraka somIti 207 bhagavatI mani 'nirmala' 262,263,307, , haribhUSaNa 159 334, 366 bhadrabAhu 2,6,7,8,9,13,363 bhagavAnasAgara 288 bhadrasAra 273 bhagavAna mahAvIra 1, 2, 4, 47, 55 bhadrasena 272 bhaTTAraka udayacandra 156 bhadrezvarasUri 13 jagatkIrti 115, 212 bharatamuni 127, 134, 144 jinacandra 51, 52, 113, 151, 15-1, bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA 264,267,294,295 jJAnakIrti 109 bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 361 jJAnabhaSaNa 108, 109, 110, 111, bhaMvarI devI rAmapuriyA 264 151, 158, 206 bhavilAla 224 devendrakIti 108, 115. 119, 220 bhANa jI 180 dharmakIrti 160 bhAnu candra gaNi82, 142 dharmacandra 102, 112 bhAmaha 128 narendrakIrti 114, 159. 160, 215 bhAramala rAjA 37 nemicanda 225 bhAravi 60, 118 padmanandi 102, 103,104, 159 bhAvadevasUri 174, 269 prabhAcandra 102,151,154,159 bhAvapramoda 80 bAlacandra 151 bhAvavijaya 74 bhavanakIrti 108 bhAskarAcArya 16 bhAnukIrti . 11: bhIkhaNa jI 233 bhuvanakIti 104,109,158,160,206 bhIkhuhI 113 mahIcandra 215 bhIma jI 245 ratnakIti 102, 108, 151. 159 bhImasiMha nRpati 64 160, 208 bhImasiMha rAvala 68 ratnacandra (dvi) 215 bhuvanakIrti 175, 176 rAmasena 214 bhuvanasena 179 lakSmIcandra 210 bhUtabali 2, 10, 47 vAdibhUSaNa 210 bhUdhara coraDiyA 194 vijayakIti 110,111, 150,158 bhUdharadAsa 216, 217, 221 207 bhUrasundarI 196 vijayasena 207 bhUrAmala 115 vidyAnandi 159 bhUrAmala chAbaDA 359 vimalendrakIrti 109 bhUrelAla bayA 297 vizAlakIrti 149, 160 bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa 217 vIracandra 108, 149,208,210 bhairudAna nAhaTA 295 zubhacandra 51,104,110,111,154, bhairulAla 192 207 bhairavalAla seThI 362 (dvi) 215 zrIbhUSaNa 112 zrutakIrti 145 , sakalakIrti 103, 104,105,107, 108, 203 204, 210, 214, makhanUma mahamUda zekha kAjI 68 sakalabhUSaNa 104, 114 magana muni 191 , surendrakIrti 115, 214, 215, 218 magana muni 'rasika' 307

Page #535
pRSThAMka, 480 nAma pRSThAMka nAma maganalAla pahADiyA 358 mahAvIrAcArya 16 maNDalIka 67 mahAsatI jaDAvajI 335 maNDalezvara zrIpAla 501 , jasakuMvara 336 matikIrti 69,230 . " bhUrasundarI 335 matikuzala 179 mahAsana prAcArya 97 matilAbha 179 mahimasamudra (jinasamudrasUri) 177,275 mativardhana 15 mahimAdevI 182 matizekhara 172 mahimAmeru 176 matisAgara 143 mahimAsAgara 275 matihaMsa 70 mahimAsiMha 272 mathurAdAsa pATanI 221 mahimodaya 70,178 madana muni 335 mahIdhara tAmbI 118 madana muni 'pathika' 307 mahIpati sAdhu 99 madanamohana jaina 'pavi' 307 mahendrakIti 219, 225 madhukara muni 262, 266, 307, 366 mahendra jaina 367 manajo 71 mahendra mani 'kamala' 335 manarUpa 283 mahendraprabhasUri 12 manasukharAma (manIrAma) 219 mahendrasUri 168 manodAnanda 64 mahezvarasUri 21, 25, 42, 162, manohara 299 mAuradeva 144 mannA sAha (manohara) 214 mAkkalaya 102 maMtrI jIvarAja chAjeDa 232 mAgha 19, 60, 61, 118 mantrI dhanada 66 mANDaNa seTha 170 , dhanarAja 230 mANaka muni 297 , maNDana 66 mANikacanda 217 , saMgrAmasiMha 229 mANikacanda bhAMvasA 223 marudharakesarI mizrImala 181, 194,266, mANikyacandra jaina 362 301, 302, 330 mANikyacandrasUri 228 malayagiri 6,9, 10 mANikyarAja 161 mallaNa kSatriya 157 mANikyazekhara 9. mallidAsa 148 mANikyasundara gaNi: 75, 228 mahayaMda (mahIcanda) 149 mANikyasundarasUri 77, 78, 125 mahArAja prAnandasiMha , 232,278 mAtezvara 146 mahArAjakumAra jorAvarasiha 278 mAdhavacandra 96 mahArAjA anUpasiMha 276, 278 mAdhavacandra 'vidyAdeva' 929 , pratApasiMha 281 mAdhava muni 191 , mAdhosiMha 191 mAna kavi 277, 278 mAnasiMha 186, 209, 282, mAnatuMgAcArya 91 raNajItasiMha 213 mAnadeva sUri 45 . , sujAnasiMha 178, 276 mAnasAgara 143, 179 mahArANA phatahasiMha 193 mAnasiMha 'mAna' 272 , bhopAlasiMha 193 mAnUzAha 211 " rAjasiha 277 mAyAcanda pATanI 213 , rAyasiMha (dvi.) 182 mArTina lUthara 180 mahAvIra koTiyA 261,263,361,365 mAladeva 174

Page #536
nAma pRSThAMka mAlU sAhU 99 mAsTara nAnUlAla bhAMvasA 319 miTThAlAla muraDiyA 338 mizrImala madhukara 181 mizrIlAla madhukara muMja rAjA 182 97, 141 muMzI mAlIlAla cAMdavADa 358 muMzI hIrAlAla chAbaDA 322 sa 142 muni anantakIrti " "3 11 11 "" 77 73 " 11 " 13 "1 " 13 muni candanamala 311 municandrasUri 75, 168 muni campAlAla 94, 309 cainamala 45 cauthamala 84,85 chatramala 37 11 "1 " 11 " 208 amIcanda 1841 kanhaiyAlAla 89, 351, 354 kalyANavijaya 267 " "" " DUMgara muni dulIcanda 187 dinakara 353 dulIcanda 'dinakara' dulaharAja kAnamala kAntisAgara 267,286,297, kisanalAla 342,352 kesaravijaya 290 gulAbavijaya 283 candana 354 " muni devakIrti dhanarAja 11 17 91 (sarasA) 353 ) jayantavijaya 289 jinavijaya 39, 43, 44, 71, 226, 267, 290 jJAnakalaza 169 " " " 92,93,94,263,344 346,347,351,366 22 89, 91 90,92,94, 351,356 86, 88, 89,90, 312 342,343 210 344, 347 (.) 91,93 (fa) 89 481 ( lADanU ) 354 (sarasA) 342, 344,351 356 nAma pRSThAMka muni nagarAja 89, 94,267,310,343,344 348,350,35 1,352,354,35 nathamala 38, 85, 86, 89, 90, 92, 93, 267,309,315,340, 341,342,343, 344, 345, 347,349,350,351,352, 353, 354, 355, 356 muni nathamala (bAgora)) 85,88,91 nandalAla 190 33 " " " 23 "" muniprabha 175 muni buddha mala 89, 90, 92, 93, 194 264,267,310,346, 349, 350, 353 354, 355, 356, muni maganamala 191 37 " 11 " 31 13 " navaratnamala 94 nemicanda 50 padmanandi 150 pUnamacanda 92 13 " "1 mahendra kumAra 'kamala' 264, 303,304 mahendra kumAra ( pra . ) 262, 366 33 muni mahendrasAgara 297 33 33 33 11 31 37 "3 " " maganalAla 192, 246 maganasAgara 289 maNilAla 312, 315 madanakIrti 98 "1 29 13 madhukara 94, 313, 344, 354 mahanandi 149, 208 mahendra kumAra 343 "1 mAnamala 313 miThThAlAla 86,89,90,94 mizrImala 'madhukara 331 mohanalAla 'zArdUla' 87,89,90,92 93,311, 3 rAkeza kumAra 94,351 rAjacandra 215 rAmasiMha 138,139 rUpacanda 311,312,315,35 lakSmIcandra 264,267 lAlacanda 'zramaNalAla' 45 vatsarAja 93,313 vinayakumAra 'Aloka' 312,3 vinayacanda 147, 148 86,212,345 zubhakaraNa zrIcandra 342, 345, 346, 352, 353 264 samantabhadra " 2 sAgaramala 'zramaNa' 311

Page #537
182 mAma pRSThAMka " sadarzana yazodhavala 157 yazovardhana 178 yazovardhana mAlU 64 yazovijayopAdhyAya 23, 85, 176, 274 yAska9 yukti amRta muni 286 yugalakizora 323 yogIndradeva 13 nAma pRSThAMka muni sukhalAla 312,346,350,352 352 munisundara 23 munisundarasUri 171 muni sohanalAla 91,92 " harajImala 186 ko hIrAlAla 332 " hemarAja 243 muhammada tugalaka 65 mUlakacanda 224 malacanda koThArI 245 mUlamuni 305 megharAja 229 megharAja copar3A 67 meghavijayopAdhyAya 23,59,60,70,76, 23,59,60,70,76, 120,121,124,176 merutuMgasUri 228 merunandana gaNi 79,169 merusandaropAdhyAya 79,229 mevAr3abhUSaNa pratApamala 305,334 mehA kavi 170 moDIrAma 294 mohanalAla dulIcanda dezAI 167,171 mohanalAla samadar3iyA 182 mohanavijaya 282 raidhU 152, 154, 155 raghunAtha 113 raghupati 280 raMgamuni 307 rajatamuni 307 raNamala 160 raNahastin vatsarAja 28 ratana coraDiyA 339 ratanalAla saMghavI 264, 338 ratnaRSi 327 ratnakuMvara 197 ratnakumAra jaina 'ratneza' 307, 338 ratnacanda 217 ratnacandra 186 ratnacandra agravAla 297 ratnajaya (narasiMha).231. ratnadhIra 233 ratnapAla tAmbI 65 ratnaraMgopAdhyAya 172, 229 ratnarAja gaNi 281 ratnavallabha 178 ratnavijaya 287 ratnavimala 179 ratnazekharasUri 12, 15, 16, 17, 37 ratnasamudropAdhyAya 173 ratnasiMhasUri 168 ratnaharSa 273 ramezamuni 262, 305, 307, 334, 335, 366 rambhAjI 187, 196 rambhAdevI 251 ralhaNa 97, 157 yati devIhaMsa 290 hai nemicandra 291 " pannAlAla 233 , bakhtAvaracanda 291 bAlacandra 283 mANikyaruci 291 vRSabha 11,17 ,. zrIpAla 233 . zrIpAlacanda 284 yatIndrasari 289 yazaHkIti 161 yazaHsAgara 70 yazapAla 147 yazasvatsAgara (jasavantasAgara)70,80 yazodevasUri 13

Page #538
nAma pRSThAMka raviSeNAcArya 95, 128,250 ravIndranAtha Taigora 321 rahamAna 129 IbAI 188 rAUdevI 187 rAjakumArI 290 rAjakuzala 75 rAjacandrasUri 230 rAjamala jaina begasyA 322 rAjamalla 23 rAjamalla kavi 37 rAjamalla pAMDe 247 rAjarUpa TAMka 297 rAjalAbha 178 rAjavijaya 77 rAjavimala 279 rAjazIla 172, 229 rAjazekhara 134, 144 rAjazekhara vAcanAcArya 44 rAjazekharasUri 169 rAjasamudra 68, 271 rAjasAra 179 rAjasoma 142, 232 rAjahaMsa 229 rAjaharSa 179 rAjA dharasena (dvi.) 134 rAjA naravAhana 51 rAjA bhImasiMha 114 rAjA bhoja 146 rAjA mAnasiMha 149 rAjA rAjasiMha 114 rAjendramuni 264, 307, 335 rAjezvarasUri 162 rAnI gurAI 109 rAmakRSNa 213 rAmacandra 179 rAmacandrasUri 229 rAmaNakumAra 66 483 184, 188, 224, 232 rAmadAsa 224 rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara 310 rAmabAI 196 rAmalAla (rAmaRddhisAra) 233,284 rAmavallabha somAnI 297 rAmavijayopAdhyAya (rUpacandra ) 71, 75, 76, 77, 79, 81, 125, 178, 232,279 nAma rAmasiMha 98 rAmasena 97 rAyakaMvara 191 rAyacandra 82 pRSThAMka rAva raghu 182 rAvala mUlarAja 280, 281 rAvala somadAsa 109 rAhaDa 102 rirakha rAja karNAvaTa 338 rughapati 179 rUpaRSi 181 rUpacanda 218 rUpacanda gaNi 284 rUpacandra pAMDe 218 rUpacanda botharA 185 rUpasI prAgvATa 68 la lakSmaNa gaNi 14, 22 lakSmaNalAla pATanI 360 lakSmaNasena 95 lakSmIkIti 70, 275 lakSmIcandra 72 lakSmIcanda mUthA 186 lakSmItilakopAdhyAya 64, 74, 168 lakSmIdAsa cAMdavaDa 220 lakSmIdevI 194 lakSmIvallabhopAdhyAya 12, 70, 78, 79, 143, 176, 178, 231, 275 lakSmIvinaya 178, 231 lakhapata 176 lakhamasI 180 lakhamAdevI 177 labdhikallola 175 labdhiratna 176 labdhirAja 176 labdhiruci 179 labdhivijaya 178 labdhisAgara 179 labdhodaya 142, 143, 176, 177 lalitakIti 75 lavajI 180

Page #539
484 nAma pRSThAMka lAkhakavi 137) lADAjI 246 lAdhurAma caMgeriyA 183 lAbhacanda 179 lAbhavardhana 82, 176, 178, 231, 27 lAbhAnanda 178, 274 lAbhodaya 176 lAyamAna vintanitsa 40% lAlacanda 186, 1871 lAlacanda (lAvaNyakamala) 283 lAlA kRSNacandra jauharI 242 lAvaNyakIrti 176 lAvaNyaratna 277 lAvaNyavijaya 77 lAhaDa 147 lIlAdevI 680 laNarAja 2111 lokAzAha 180,299 bAma pRSThAMka vijaya dharmasUri 289 vijayapAla 146, 147 vijaya prabhasUri 120,124 vijaya muni zAstrI 366 vijaya yatIndrasUri 293 vijaya rAjendrasUri 16, 45,285,289 vijaya lalitasUri 297 vijaya vallabhasUri 285 vijaya vimala gaNi 12.! vijayasiMhasUri 74,75 vijaya suzIlasUri 297. vijayamenasUri 162 vijayaharSopAdhyAya 70, 276. vidyAkuzala 142. vidyAcandrasUri 289 vidyAnanda 85. vidyAnandi 36 vidyAnidhAna 179, 280. vidyAbhUSaNa 215. vidyAruci 179 vidyAvilAsa 231. vidyAsAgara 215. vidyAsiddhi 195. vinayacandra 77, 156, 158, 176, 178 187,276. vinayacandra zrAvaka 194. vinayacUlA 194. vinayaprabha 169. vinayapramoda 69, 277. vinayabhakti 280. vinayameru 175. vinayalAbha 179,217. vinayavijayopAdhyAya 76,90, 176. vinayasamadra 143, 174. vinayasAgara 179. vinayasAgaropAdhyAya 13. vinayasAgara mahopAdhyAya 124,267, 296. vinoda muni 307. vipina jArolI 307. vibudha zrIdhara 136 vimalakIrti 175, 229. vimalaratna 229, 232. vimalasUri 13, 363. vimalAde 173. vaMzIdhara sanADhya 191 baccharAja 143 vajrasenasUri 166,168 vaTTakara 2, 11, 13 vadanAMjI 245, 246 vararuci 133 vardhamAna kavi 210 vardhamAnasUri 22, 63, 72,75, 142 vasunandI 13 yasto kavi 169 vAgbhaTa 94,101,102,117, 118 vAchiga mantrI 161 vADava 61,66,81 vAdidevasUri 168 vAdirAja 114 vAdI harSanandana 68,74,75,76 vikrama 210 vijaya kalApUrNasUri 297 vijaya kastUrasUri 38 vijayacanda dhADIvAla 183 vijaya dakSasUri 297 vijaya devasUri 120, 123, 173, 174

Page #540
nAma pRSThAMka vimalAbAI 45. vivakalabdhi 284. vivekasamudropAdhyAya 78. vivekasiMha 173. vivekasiddhi 195. - vizAla sundara 74. vizvabhUSaNa 225. vI.pI. joharApurakara 111. vIra 152, 161. vIrakalaza 70. vIra kavi 136. vIradeva 31. vIranandi 20, 35, 51, 99. vIraputra prAnandasAgarasUri 288. vIrabhadra 8, 13. vIrabhadrasUri 41, 43. vIrama tomara nareza 122. vIravijaya 175. vIrazekharavijaya 11. vIrasena 11, 16, 19, 20, 47, 48, 98 vIrasenAcAryaM 95. vIrendra muni 307. vRddhisiMha paramAra 290. va lagazAha 173. za zaMkaradAna nAhaTA 294. bhaTTa 39. zaktikumAra 51. zakti bhUpAla 51. zambhurAma 281. zayaMbhava ( sUri) 7. zarada jaina 323. zAntA bhAnAvata 339. zAnticandra mehatA 263, 338, 366. zAnti muni 307. zAntisUri 10, 12, 33. zAntiharSa 274, 278 zAmakuNDa 11. zAlibhadra sUri zAlivAhana 51. zAstrakuNDa 11. 162, 166, 168, 169. 485 pRSThAMka nAma zAha catarojI bamba 239. zAhajahAM 211, 271 zAha ThAkura 148. zAha balujI sakalecA 236zivacandra 82. zivacandropAdhyAya 71, 76, 77, 79, 179 281. zivajIrAma 285. zivanidhAnopAdhyAya 75, 80, 229, 272. zivarAja 184. zivazarmasUri 11. zivasundara 229. zivAdevI 184. zivArya 2, 11, 13. zivA soma 67. zIladevasUri 270. zIlasaubhAgya 284. zIlAGgAcArya, zIlAcArya 10, 13, 243,363 37 zuddhazIla 144., zubhakaraNasiMha botharA zubhakIrti 136 zubhacandrasUri 23 zubhacandrasUri bhaTTAraka zubhacandrAcArya ( pra . ) 98 zubhavardhana gaNi zubhazIla 171 zerazAha 113 zeSamala solaMkI zobhacanda 244 zobhA 103 12 194 zobhAcandra 212, 253 zobhAcandra bhArilla 307 zyAmAcArya 6 zrAvaka vi 169 339 zrIcanda rAmapuriyA 267 zrIcanda surANA 'sarasa' zrIcandrasUri 13, 14, 162 zrItilaka 72 zrIdeva 232 zrIdhara 63, 161 zrIpati 63 zrIpAla RSi 229 zrIpAla poravADa 97 zrIprakAza zAstrI 358 zrImatI sudarzana chAbaDA 297 361, 362

Page #541
486 pRSThAMka pRSThAMka nAma nAma zrImatI suzIlA kAsalIvAla 323,361 sarvadevasUri 75 362 salakhaNa 99 zrI matI snehalatA jaina 362 savAI jayasiMha 115 zrI rAnI 99 savAIrAma 225 zrIvanta rIhaDa 67 sahajakItti upAdhyAya 69,77,79,80,175 zrIvallabhopAdhyAya 67,69,76,77,123 sahajasundara 173 124 sAdhu kIti 174,219 zrIsAra 76, 175,273 sAdhuraMga 23, 74 zrIsundara 175 sAdhuratna sUri 2280 zrIsoma 179 sAdhusundara 79 zrutasAgara 36 sAdhuhaMsa 169 sAdhvI umarAva kuMvara 262,266,335,365 , kanakaprabhA 313 kanakazrI 94 , kamalazrI 91,315 candanA 264 saMghakalaza 171 chagana kaMvara 336 saMghatilakasUri 12 jayazrI 315 saMghadAsa gaNi kSamAzramaNa 10,13,14 nirmala kaMvara 336 saMghapati DUMgara 205 puSpavatI 336 saMghavimala 171 pramodazrI 292 saMpatarAja DosI 338 premazrI 292 sakalacandra gaNi 68 phUlakumArI 94 sajjana upAdhyAya 42 buddhizrI 292 satyadeva vidyAlaMkAra 345 maMjulA 85,91,313,314,353 satyaratna 179 maMnAsundarI 236,335,336 santa sumatikIrti 211 , mohana kumArI 94 sabaladAsa 186 yAkinI mahattarA 62 sabhAcandra 233 ratana kaMvara 336 samantabhadra 16,56,87,91 rAjImatI 263,315,342,353 samayapramoda 175 lADAM 350 samayamANikya 82 vallabhazrI 292 samayarAjopAdhyAya 175 vicakSaNazrI 297 samayasundara 281 vinayazrI 292 samayasundaropAdhyAya 43,60,68,74,75,76 saMghamitrA 90,91,314,350 77, 78, 79,80,81,82,143,172,175, sajjanazrI 297 178,229,232,270,271 saralA 264 samaracandrasUri 174 , sumanazrI 314 saMyamasAgara 215 , hIrAzrI 292 saMvegadeva gaNi 228 sAraMga 143,175 sara seTha malacanda sonI 223 sArAbhAI navAba 272 sarasvatI 99 sAha samarA 171 saraha 130,139 sAhibarAma 222 sarUpAdevI 186 sAhu 160 sarUpAvAI 195 sAhula 147

Page #542
nAma siMha (siddha) siMha gaNI 96,157 143 siddharAja jayasiMha 102 siddharAja DhaDhDhA 297 pRSThAMka faaf 55, 58, 63,76 siddhasena, siddhasena divAkara 8, 12, 19, 20, 23,56,84,85,91 siddhasena sUri siddhicandra gaNi siriyAdevI 67 sIlhA 149 sukana muni 307 sukhasaMpatarAya bhaMDArI 292 sukhasAgara 179,285, 286 sukhalAla jhAbaka sukhA RSi 192 suguNacanda 230 sujaDa sAhU sujANa mala sujAnade 220 sujAnamala 188. 296 suganacanda 225 suganajI (sumatimaNDana) 233,283,284 160 185 10 142 sundaradAsa 220. sundaradevI 186. sudharmA 4. susudrA devI 185. subhASa muni 305 sumatikallola 175. sumatidhIra 67. sumatimeru vAcaka 278. sumatiraMga 176, 178. sumativardhana 78. sumativallabha 179. sumativAcaka 26. sumativijaya 77. sumatisAgara mahopAdhyAya 71, 287. sumatihaMsa 73, 143. sumeramuni 307. sulatAna kumAra 67. sulatAna mohammada tugalaka 42. suhaDa prabha 146. suhAdevI 146. suzIlA boharA 339. suzrI suzIlA baira 362 487 nAma pRSThAMka sUracandropAdhyAya 70, 77, 80, 119, 120, 175, 230. sUrajacanda DAMgI 338. sUrajacanda 'satyapremI' 307. sUrAcArya 63. sUrya muni 307. sUhavadevI 64. sevaka 219. sevArAma pATanI 213, 214. somakIrti 97. somakIrti bhaTTAraka 95 somakuMjara 77 sokhU 67 somacandra 161. atafat 12, 72, 80. somaprabhAcArya 14,60 somarAja zreSThi 50, 98. somavimalasUri 229. somasundarasUri 142, 170,228. somasena 99. saubhAgya muni 'kumuda' 307, 335. sthUlabhadra 2. svayaMbhU 127 128, 135, 144, 145, 152 svarUpa canda muni 225. ha hajArImala zramaNa 45. hanumAnamala botharA 307. harakacanda svAmI 244. harakU bAI 195. haragovindadAsa tri. seTha 16. haracandarAya 193 harajI 299. haradeva 150. harapAla 147. hararAja zrImAla 177. haridAsa 181. haribhadrasUri 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 30, 33, 39, 41, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 84, 85, 136, 162, hariSeNa 144, 145, 146, 152

Page #543
488 taak nAma pRSThAMka nAma harSakIrtisUri 58, 209, 231. harSakuMjaropAdhyAya 73. harSakula gaNi 12. harSavallabhopAdhyAya 175, 229, 230. harSasamudra vAcaka 174. halarAja kavi 169. haMsarAja bhArilla 360. hastimala dhAr3IvAla 297. hastiruci yati 58. hAlU 143. himmatarAya 188. himmatasiMha sarUparayA 338. hIrakalaza 17, 23, 36, 44,82, 175. hIrA 213. hIrAcanda vaida 297. hIrAdevI 14. hIrAdevI sAdhvI 196. hIrAnanda 143. hIrAnandasUri 169. hIrAmuni 'himakara' 307. hIrAlAla 255,266. hIrAlAlajI ma. 193. hulAsAjI 195. hema kavi 283. hemacandrasUri 12, 14, 16, 22, 34, 37, 60, 63, 140, 141, 163 hemacandrasUri maladhArI 9, 22, 75. hemanandana 69. hemabhUSaNa gaNi 168. hemaratna 77, 142. hemaratnasUri 175 hemarAja 216, 218, 275. hemarAja pAMDe 248. hemarAja svAmI 239, 245. hemavilAsa 179. hemazrI 197. hemasiddhi 195. hemahaMsa gaNi 228. hemAbhAI 180. haimapAla 44. holivarma 150.

Page #544
nAma aTATiyA 244 aTera 212 (3) grAma-nagara-nAmAnukramaNo zra zracanerA 191 acalagaDha 145 acalapura 145 ajamera 33,64,78, 102, 152,155, 160, 161,187,223,231,286,292 ahilapura pattana (pATaNa) 63, 103 amarasara 79 amRtasara 229 ambAvatI (Amera) 149 arahaTavADA 180 arbudagiri 32 dhArA 52 AvAM 154 pRSThAMka alavara 82, 174, 316 alIgaDha (rAmapurA) 221 ahamadanagara 189 ahamadAbAda 67,180,270,290 ahichatapura (nAgora) 117 zrA 489 AzApallI 25, 66 AzArambhapaTTaNa 50 AzikA 64 Azramanagara 50 bAdhamapattana 50, 98 nAma prAsAuna 68 mAhora 288 IsaradA 118 ujjayinI 155 uniyArA 289 udayapura 77,177, 221, 22, 230,200 316, 360 AgarA 186,211, 212, 216, 217,218 221, 230, 231,248, 249, 271 zrAghATanagara 169 AtamA gAMva Adityavardhanapura 80 zrAbU 245 22, 67 kasabA grAma Amera 115,209, 212, 218, 219,248 kAMkarolI kAMgaDA 67 kADiUMpura 78 kAtaradA 187 kAnoDa 337 kaMTAliyA 235 kannANapura 23 44 kaMThAlA ( vallabhanagara ) 184 karaulI karNAvatI kalakattA pRSThAMka ka kAmAM 213, 218 kAlakha grAma 211 kAlA UnA 81 146, 212 66 71,89 249 87, 208

Page #545
nAma kAlU 187 kAzmIra kisanagar3ha kukaNiyA veNAsara kucerA 193, 232 212 kuja - pura kuDa gAMva 186 kumbhanagara (kuMbheragaDha ) 21, 36 kumbhalamera 23, 66 kuhiyapa 64 kekaDI 361 kelavA 230 kezorAyapATana 50, 98 kesaradesara 71 koTaDA 190 koTA 71,78,188, 316, 361 koraTA 168 gaMgApura gaMgAzahara 43, 68 191, 195, 233 291 khaMbhAta 66, 68, 119 khIMvasara khuDAlA gAMgANI gADolA giranagara ghANerAva 187, 229 285 245 241 271 191 47 guDhA 82 gogundA gora *vAliyara 120, 155 kha 177, 296 359 pRSThAMka 120 caMderiyA 290 caDDAvalIpura 22 Passtat 31 candrAvatI 21, 26, 75 campAvatI (cAkasU ) cAkasU 214 490 nAma cAmU gAMva cittaur3a cittauDagar3ha 19, 20, 23, 27, 30, citrakUTa citrakUTapura | 33, 39, 40, 47, 61, 62, 63,75, 76, 77, 78, 95, 97, 103, 123, 144 145, 146, 151, 152, 161, 162, 171, 172, 205; 290 286 carU 38, 85 caupAsanI 232 caumU 361 chatrapallI 34 chApara 92, 93, chIpA kA kolA choTI rAvaliyAM choTI sAdaDI cha jAvada 113, 148, 158 jaitAraNa pRSThAMka ja 180 244 190 240 75 jayatAraNa jayapura 52, 74, 75, 76, 77, 81, 82, 102, 113, 115, 152, 155, 182, 187, 188, 196, 212, 213, 214, 217, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 229 232, 240, 250, 251, 253, 254,255 279, 281, 288, 293, 294, 316, 317, 318 319, 320, 321, 322 358, 359, 360, 361, 367 294 jayasiMhapurA ( jihAnAbAda ) 220 jasavantagaDha 45, 72 jAmanagara 88 jAlanA 93 jAlipura 82 jAlora, jAbAlipura 20, 21, 2228, 35,41, 63, 64, 65 66, 74, 75, 78, 80, 81, 168, 174,180,271,289,290 245

Page #546
491 nAma pRSThAMka nAma pRSThAMka jaisalamera 32,65,66,67,68,74,75, 76,77,78,79,80,117,125,174, 177,182,229,230,275,281 thaTTA 233 jodhapura 23,36,69,71,75,76,77,81,82 thAMdalA 192 83,120,124,125,155,173,174, 177,183,185,186,188,226, 230 jhADola 190 . jhAlarApATana 83, 255 jhAlAvADa 103, 188 jhaMjhunU 66 jhUbo 192 daloda 192 dAyikA kUpa 75 dillI dezalI 12 44. 65. 102.151, 1713174,242,367 deIkaDA 194 devakulapATaka 65, 75,77, 125, 228 devagaDha 239 devagiri 65, 66 devarajimurAdarAvara)) 6.5 devAvaDanagara 31 . dausA 213 dha ToMka 103,151,188,219,222, 224,225 ToDArAyasiMha 209, 212 dhajilANapura 173 dhandhukA 161 dhAmaNiyA 293 dhArAnagarI 48, 50. 63,99,152 dhulevA 177 DiMDavAnaka, DiDivAnaka 21,20 dhaulapura 52, 67, 155 DiNDilava sanniveza " DIga 213, 214,255 DIDavAzA: 63.78,81 DUMgaragar3ha 85, 89 DUgarapura 109, 208, 20, 2537360 nagara 219 Deha 36 nagarakoTa 64, 67 nagalI nagara 107 namiyAMDa 109 takSakagaDha (ToDArAyasiMha) 114 nalakacchapUra, nAlachA 99,100,101 talavADA 171 navalakSapura 113 taloTapura 102 nAkoDA 67 tahanagaDha 146,147, 156 nAgora 21, 22 23, 34, 36,37,44,65, tAtIjA 186-.. . 69,74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82,113, tivarI 79, 174, 185 152,155,168,173,174,175,180,182, tribhuvanagar3ha 147 187,229 tribhuvanagiri 146, 147,148,156,161 nADola 45

Page #547
492 nAma pRSThAMka nAma pRSThAMka nAthadvArA 243 nAdaudrI 169 nApAsara 280 nAranaula 186,211 nArAyaNA 47 nimbAheDA 191 nivAI 218, 219,224,225 nImaca 191, 193 nepAla 2 naiNavA 103, 104 nogAma 109 paMcara 270 padmAvatI pattana 82 pahalagAMva 211 pATaNa 65, 66, 67, 176, 177, 220% 227 pATaliputra 133 pATaudI 78 pAnIpata 155 pAlanapura 64 pAlI 74,77, 187,194, 196 pAlItANA 71,293 pIpADa 74, 187 puTabhedana 50 puSkara 64 pUnA 290 pokaraNa 186 pratApagar3ha 288 pratApapurA 358 bar3I rAvaliyAM 239 bar3audA 228 baDAlI 67 baDalU 74 banArasa 294 bamorA 262 bambaI 71, 90, 93, 290 bayAnA 96 balabhadrapura (bAlotarA) 77 basavA 221, 222 bAMkaDiyA baDa gAMva 71,287 bAgarA 293 bATagrAma (baDodA) 47 bAMbhaNavADa, brahmavAda 96,1 brAhmavAda 196, 175 bahANavADa, brAhmaNavADa bADamera, bADamera 65, 14, 76,176, 291 bAraDolI 208 bArAM nagara 20,35,51 bAlapatAkApurI 78 bilADA 67 bilhAvAsa, bIlhAvAsa 71, 274. bIkAnera 36,67,68,71,74,75,76,77, 78,79,80,81,82,117,1735 174,175,180,196,229,231, 232,233,271,272,276,278, 279,283,284,285,288,294, 360 bucakalA grAma 186 bUMserI 196 bUndI 50,103,188, 211,213,219, 222,316 bRhadadvAra 64 benAtaTa (bilADA) 77, 80 phatehagaDha 191 phalavadhi 67,76, 77,79,80 phalodI 187, 296 phirojapura 191 phIrojapurA 193 bhaMvAla 184 bhaTanera 269 bhaDoca 208 bharatapura 102, 191,212,283,316,380 bharukaccha 26 mAMDapurI 196 bhAganagara 284 baMbhapuNI, brahmapurI 39 bagaDaMdA 190 bagavADa 319

Page #548
nAma bhAdavA grAma 52 bhinnamAla, bhInamAla 76, 363 bhIMDara 291 bhItAsara 192 bhImapallI, bhIlaDiyA 168 bhIlavADA 197, 260, 293 bhopAlagaDha 293 maMDovara 68 makasUdAbAda 242 magaradA 192 marukoTa, maroTha 22, 23, 35, 232 mahasAnA 104 mahAvata 147 mahAvIra jI sahasrA mahA 67, 117 210 mADala gaTha mAMDavagaTha 360 22, 99 66 mAtrApura 255 bhAroTha 112, 113 meDatA roDa meraTha ma sAtavADA 71, 287 mAhinurA 213 suzidAnAda 280, 281, 283 bheDatA pRSThAMka mohilavADI 65, 118 maujamAbAda 155, 209 ra 22, 34, 68, 75, 76, 77, 79, 82, 178, 184, 271, 273, 274 80, 286,288 359 rAjapura 81 77 0- rAdraha rANolI 115 rAmapurA 185 rAyabhA 146 rAhuDapura 102 raNathaMbhora 102, 113, 209 ratalAma 189,191 rAjanagara 125, 177, 236 493 nAma riNI rUpAvAsa rUpAhelI relamagarA 74, 75, 78, 276 77 290 romaTa gAMva rohataka 155 rohiTa gAMva 240 laverA 68 lAMbiyA 240 288 rohiNA rohiNIpura (sirohI) 74 183 181 la lATadraha 75 lADanU 234, 245 lAsa grAma 289 lAhora 67, 68, 211, 270, 278 lUvAiNipura 149 lUNakaraNasara 78,82 laudravA 68, 80 zujAlapura zrImanta nagara zrImAlapura vanasthalI 360 vardhanapura 177 balabhI 2, 134 vArANasI 115, 337 160 bAsanapura vikramapura 22, 64, 134 vijayapura 231 virATa nagara, bairATa 61, 66, 81, 109, 114, 247 bIdAsara 38, 240, 245 bIrapura bIsalapura 286 vyAghrapura 162 pRSThaka 23, 67, 76, 78 9! zatru jaya 68 zAnti niketana 290 193 160 74, 78

Page #549
pRSThAMka mAma pRSThAka siriyArI 236 sirohI 23, 77, 82, 180 saMgrAmapura (sAMgAnera) 80 sivAnA 65 satyapura 176 sIkara 115, 316 saradArazahara 246 sumerapura 293 sarasA 176, 269 seThArIrIyAM 183, 193, 196 salakhaNamura 100, 101 senAvA 67 savAI mAdhopura 188, 224 seMthala 358 sahajigapura 168 seruNA 75,76 sAMgAnera (saMgrAmanagara) 75,77,120,209, sojata 186, 2 14, 232 212, 213, 217,218,220,221, sonAmAI 85 225, 229,248 sonIpata 191 sAcora 21, 68, 78, 80, 229, 232,271 svarNagiri 232 sAMbhara 80, 119, 161,209,219,229 sAgavADA 109,208 sAdaDI 76, 80, 120 sAlaTiyAgAMva 184 hamIrapura 173 sikandarAbAda 151 hArasora 209 siNalI 231 hiMDona 212 siddhapura (sindha) 6. hisAra 151, 165

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