Jain Darshan

Author(s): Mahendramuni
Publisher: Ganeshprasad Varni Digambar Jain Sansthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010044/1

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Jain Educationa gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA 2, 7 jaina darzana DaoN. mahendrakumAra jaina ema. e., nyAyAcArya, nyAyadivAkara, jaina-prAcIna nyAya tIrthaM zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA zrI gaNeza varNI di. jaina saMsthAna

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zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA 2,7 jaina darzana [ uttarapradeza sarakAra dvArA puraskRta ] prAkkathana DaoN0 maGgaladeva zAstrI ema0 e0, DI0 phila0 ( oNksana ) lekhaka DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina ema0 e0, nyAyAcArya, nyAyadivAkara, jaina- prAcIna nyAyatIrtha ( sampAdaka tattvArthavRtti, tasvArthavArtika, akalaGkagranthatraya, siddhivinizcayaTIkA Adi ) yAyakumudacandra, nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa, prameyakamalamArttaNDa, Jain Educationa International zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA zrI gaNeza varNo di0 jaina saMsthAna For Personal and Private Use Only

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zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA sampAdaka aura niyAmaka paM0 phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI DaoN0 darabArIlAla koThiyA prakAzaka maMtrI, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA 11128, DumarAvabAga-vasati assI, vArANasI-5 tIrthakara mahAvIrakI nirvANa-rajatazatIke sandarbhameM prathama saMskaraNa : 1100 : vijayAdazamI vIrani0 saM0 2481, akTUbara 1955 dvitIya saMskaraNa : 1100 : mahAvIra-jayantI vIrani0 saM0 2492, apraila 1966 tRtIya saMskaraNa : 1500 : dazalakSaNaparva dvitIya bhAdrapada zuklA 5, vI0 ni0 saM0 2500, sitambara 1975 mUlya : rupaeM ani mudraka svastika mudraNAlaya golaghara, vArANasI-1

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bhAdaraNIya saMskRtipriya sAhubandhu zrImAn sAhu zreyAMsaprasAdajI tathA zrImAn sAhu zAntiprasAdajI ko sAhutvasamRddhikI sAMskRtika maMgalabhAvanAse sAdara samarpita -mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya

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jainadarzana DaoN. mahendrakumAra jI jaina, ema. e., nyAyAcArya svargavAsa : san 1959 : janma : san 1911 janma sthAna : khuraI (ma. pra. ) zikSA : nA. di. jaina pAThazAlA, bonA (ma. pra. ), zAstrI : hu. di. jaina mahAvidyAlaya, indaura (ma. pra. ) nyAyAcArya : syAdvAda jaina mahAvidyAlaya, kAzI ema. e. : AgarA vi. vi., pI-eca. DI. : (kA. hi. vi. vi.) / adhyApana : syAdvAda jaina mahAvidyAlaya kAzI (1932 - 1943) mahAvIra jaina mahAvidyAlaya bambaI ( 1944 ) saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, kA. hi. vi. vi. ( 1947 - 1959 ) sampAdana - kRtiyA~ : nyAyakumudacandra ( do bhAga ), nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ( do bhAga ), akalaGkagranthatraya, prameyakamalamArttaNDa, tattvArthaM vArtika, tattvArthaMvRtti, siddhivinizcaya - TIkA ( do bhAga ) Adi / anya pravRttiyA~ : Adya vyavasthApaka bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI ( 1944 - 1949 ) /

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apanI bAta (prathama saMskaraNakA prakAzakIya ) zrI ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlAse zrIyukta paM0 mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcAryakI 'jainadarzana' jaisI svatantra kRtiko prakAzita karate hue jahA~ hameM harSa hotA hai vahA~ Azcarya bhii| harSa to isaliye hotA hai ki samAjake mAne hue vidvAnoMkA dhyAna aba uttarottara zrI0 ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlAkI ora AkRSTa ho rahA hai| AdaraNIya vidvAn paM0 jaganmohanalAlajI zAstrIkI zrAvakadharmapradIpa-TIkAko prakAzita hue abhI kucha hI dina hue haiM ki anAyAsa hI yaha kRti granthamAlAko prakAzanake lie upalabdha ho gaI / aura Azcarya isalie hotA hai ki granthamAlAke pAsa paryApta sAdhana na hote hue bhI yaha saba cala kaise rahA hai ! ___ yaha to samAjakA pratyeka vicAraka anubhava karatA hai ki jise 'svatantra kRti' saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai, aise sAMskRtika sAhityake nirmANakI isa samaya bar3I AvazyakatA hai| kintu isa mA~gako pUrA kiyA kaise jAya, yaha prazna sabake sAmane hai| eka to jaina samAja aneka bhAgoMmeM vibhakta honeke kAraNa usakI zaktikA paryApta mAtrAmeM apavyaya yoM hI ho jAtA hai| koI yadi kisI kAryako sArvajanika banAneke uddezyase sahayoga detA bhI hai, to sahayoga lenevAloMke dvArA prastuta kiye gaye sAmpradAyika prazna va dUsare vyAmoha use bIcameM hI chor3aneke lie bAdhya kara dete haiM aura tathya pichar3ane lagatA hai / tathyake apalApakI yaha khIMcatAna kahA~ samApta hogI, kaha nahIM skte| dUsare, jaina samAjakA AkAra choTA honeke kAraNa isa kAryako sampanna karaneke lie na to utane sAdhana hI upalabdha hote haiM aura na utanI udAra bhUmikA hI abhI niSpanna ho sakI hai| ye ar3acaneM to hai hii| phira bhI abataka jahA~, jisake dvArA bhI prayatna hue haiM unakI hameM sarAhanA hI karanI caahie| aise hI prayatnoMkA phala prastuta kRti hai| isake nirmANa karAnemeM zrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama banArasa va dUsare mahAnubhAvoMkA jo bhI sahayoga milA hai usake lie ve saba dhanyavAdake pAtra haiN| ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlAko yadi kucha zreya hai to itanA hI ki usane ise mAtra prakAzameM lA diyA hai| ___ nyAyAcArya paM0 mahendrakumArajIke viSayameM hama kyA likheN| itanA hI likhanA paryApta hogA ki jaina samAjameM darzanazAstrake jo bhI ine-gine vidvAn haiM unameM ye

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jainadarzana prathama haiN| inhoMne jainadarzanake sAtha saba bhAratIya darzanoMkA sAGgopAGga adhyayana kiyA hai aura isa samaya hindU vizvavidyAlayake saMskRta mahAvidyAlayameM bauddhadarzanakI gaddIko suzobhita kara rahe haiN| ___ inhoMne hI bar3e parizrama aura adhyayanapUrvaka svatantra kRtike rUpameM isa graMthakA nirmANa kiyA hai| grantha sAmAnyataH 12 adhikAroM aura aneka upaadhikAroMmeM samApta huA hai| unheM dekhate hue ise hama mukhyarUpase tIna bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM-pRSThabhUmi, jainadarzanake saba mantavyoMkA sAGgopAGga UhApoha aura jainadarzanake virodhameM kI gaI TIkA-TippaNiyoMkI sAdhAra mImAMsA / granthake antameM jainadArzanika sAhityakA sAGgopAGga paricaya bhI diyA gayA hai| isalie saba dRSTiyoMse isa kRtikA mahattva bar3ha gayA hai| ___ isa viSayapara 'jainadarzana' isa nAmase abataka do kRtiyA~ hamAre dekhane meM AI haiN| prathama zrIyukta paM0 becaradAsajI dozIkI aura dUsarI zve0 muni shriinyaayvijyjiikii| pahalI kRti SaDdarzanasamuccayake jainadarzana-bhAgakA rUpAntaramAtra hai aura dUsarI kRti svatantrabhAvase likhI gaI hai| kintu isameM tattvajJAnakA dArzanika dRSTise vizeSa UhApoha nahIM kiyA gayA hai| pustakake anta meM hI kucha adhyAya haiM, jinameM syAdvAda, saptabhaMgI aura naya jaise kucha cune hue viSayoMpara prakAza DAlA gayA hai| zeSa pUrI pustaka tattvajJAnakI dRSTise likhI gaI hai| isalie eka aisI maulika kRtikI AvazyakatA to thI hI, jisameM jainadarzanake sabhI dArzanika mantavyoMkA UhApohake sAtha vicAra kiyA gayA ho| hama samajhate haiM ki isa sarvAMgapUrNa kRti dvArA usa AvazyakatAkI pUrti ho jAtI hai| ataeva isa prayatnake lie hama zrIyukta paM0 mahendrakumArajI nyAyAcAryakA jitanA AbhAra mAne, thor3A hai| prastuta pustaka para Adya vaktavya rAjakIya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya ( ga0 saM0 kAleja ) ke bhUtapUrva priMsipala zrImAn DaoN0 maMgaladevajI zAstrI, ema0 e0, DI0 phila0 ne likhA hai| bhAratIya vicAradhArAkA pratinidhitva karanevAle jo adhikArI vidvAn haiM unameM Apako pramukha rUpase parigaNanA kI jAtI hai, isase na kevala prastuta pustaka kI upayogitA bar3ha jAtI hai, apitu jainadarzanakA bhAratIya vicAradhArAmeM kyA sthAna hai, isake nizcaya karane meM bar3I sahAyatA milatI hai| isa sevAke lie hama unake bhI atyanta AbhArI haiN| ___ yahA~ hameM sarva prathama guruvarya pUjya zrI 105 kSu0 gaNezaprasAdajI varNIkA smaraNa kara lenA atyanta Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki granthamAlAkI jo bhI pragati ho rahI hai vaha saba unake punIta zubhAzIrvAdakA hI phala hai| tathA aura bhI aise aneka udAra mahAnubhAva haiM jinase hameM isa kAryako pragati denemeM sakriya

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apanI bAta sahAyatA milatI rahatI hai / unameM saMsthAke upAdhyakSa zrImAn paM0 jaganmohnalAlajI zAstrI mukhya haiM / paNDitajI saMsthAkI pragati aura kAryavidhikI ora pUrA dhyAna rakhate haiM aura Ane vAlI samasyAoM ko sulajhAte rahate haiM / ataeva hama una sabake vizeSa AbhArI haiM / zrI ga0 varNI jaina granthamAlAkI anya pravRttiyoMmeM jainasAhityake itihAsakA nirmANa karAnA mukhya kArya hai| abataka isa dizA meM bahuta kucha aMza meM prArambhika kArya pUrti ho gaI hai aura lekhana kArya prArambha ho gayA hai| aba dhIre-dhIre anya vidvAnoMko kArya sauMpA jAne lagA hai| jo mahAnubhAva isa kArya meM lage hue haiM ve to dhanyavAda ke pAtra haiM hii| sAtha hI granthamAlAko AzA hI nahIM, pUrNa vizvAsa bhI hai ki use isa kArya meM anya jina mahAnubhAvoMkA vAMchita sahayoga apekSita hogA, vaha bhI avazya milegA / prastuta pustakako isa tvarAse mudraNa karanemeM nayA saMsAra presa ke proprAiTara paM0 zivanArAyaNajI upAdhyAya tathA karmacAriyoMne jo parizrama kiyA hai usake liye unheM dhanyavAda denA Avazyaka hI hai / antameM prastuta pustaka viSayameM hama isa AzAke sAtha isa vaktavyako samApta karate haiM ki jisa vizAla aura adhyayanapUrNa dRSTikoNase prastuta kRtikA nirmANa huA hai, bhAratIya samAja usako usI dRSTikoNase apanAyegI aura usake prasArameM sahAyaka banegI / phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI 26/10/55 Jain Educationa International nivedaka vaMzIdhara vyAkaraNAcArya maMtrI, ga0 varNa jaina granthamAlA, banArasa For Personal and Private Use Only

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dvitIya saMskaraNakai sambandhameM ( dvitIya saMskaraNakA prakAzakIya) prastuta granthakA prathama saMskaraNa vIra - nirvANa saMvat 2481, san 1955 meM prakAzita huA thA / jainadarzana ke anurAgI manISiyoM tathA anya jijJAsuoMne ise jisa Adara, ruci aura jijJAsAse apanAyA, vaha granthamAlA ke lie garva kI bAta hai / yaha mahattvapUrNa kRti kitanI lokapriya huI, isakA anumAna isIse laga jAtA hai ki yaha grantha tIna varSa pUrva hI durlabha evaM aprApya ho gayA thA aura logoMkI mA~ga nitya prati A rahI thI / isake lekhaka svargIya DaoN0 mahendrakumArajI Aja vidyamAna hote, to unheM apanI isa kRtikI lokapriyatA dekhakara kitanI prasannatA na hotI / unhoMne apane alpa kAryakAlameM hI jainadarzanakI jo sevA kI hai, vaha adbhuta aura asAdhAraNa hai / nyAyakumudacandra ( do bhAga ), nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa ( do bhAga), akalaGkagranthatraya, prameyakamalamArttaNDa, tattvArthavAttika, tattvArthavRtti aura siddhivinizcayaTIkA ( do bhAga ) jaise mahanIya evaM vizAla dArzanika granthoMkA asAdhAraNa yogyatA aura vipula adhyavasAya ke sAtha unhoMne sampAdana kiyA tathA unapara cintanapUrNa vistRta prastAvanAe~ likhI haiM / unake adhyavasAyake phalasvarUpa hI ye apUrva dArzanika grantha prakAzameM A sake haiM / antima granthapara to hindU vizvavidyAlaya kAzIne unheM pI-eca0 DI0 ( DaoNkTareTa ) kI upAdhi dekara sammAnita bhI kiyA / isake sAtha hI vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlayane bhI unakI apane yahA~ jainadarzana-vibhAgake adhyakSapadapara niyukti karake unheM sammAna pradAna kiyA thA / para bhavitavyatAne unheM ina donoM sammAnoMkA upabhoga nahIM karane diyA aura asamayameM hI unheM isa saMsAra se calA jAnA par3A / ve Aja nahIM haiM, para unakI amara kRtiyA~ vidyamAna haiM, jo unheM cirasmaraNIya rakheMgI / granthamAlAke pAsa yadyapi Arthika sAdhana nahIM haiM, yaha spaSTa hai, phira bhI pUjya varNojIkA, jinakI varada chAyA Aja hameM prApta nahIM hai, parokSa AzIrvAda aura unake upakAroMse upakRta samAjakA bala use prApta hai / 28 disambara 1965 meM granthamAlA-prabandha-samitikI vArANasI - baiThaka meM isa granthake prakAzanakA prastAva rakhA gayA, jise samitine saharSa pArita kiyA / dAyitva A jAnese usake prakAzanakI

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10 jainadarzana cintA honA svAbhAvika thA / suyogase hameM lA0 rAjakRSNajI jaina dillIke pautrake vivAhameM jAnekA suavasara milaa| hameM prasannatA hai ki lAlAjIne hamAre saMketapara turanta isakI 100 pratiyoMke prakAzanameM 700) tathA isI granthamAlAse pahalI bAra prakAzita ho rahI paM0 jayacandajI chAbar3A kRta dravyasaMgraha-bhASAvacanikAkI 100 pratiyoMke prakAzanameM 100 kula 800) kI udAra sahAyatA pradAna kii| lA0 zAntilAlajI jaina kAgajI dillIne bhI isakI 25 pratiyoMke lie 150) kI sahAyatA kii| udhara zrInIrajajI jaina satanA bhI hameM 50 pratiyoMke lie svIkAratA de cuke the| ataH ina sabhI udAra mahAnubhAvoM aura granthamAlApremiyoMke sahayogabalapara hama jainadarzanakA yaha dvitIya saMskaraNa nikAlanemeM sakSama ho sake haiM / isakA zreya granthamAlA-prabandha-samitike sadasyoM aura granthamAlA-premiyoMke sahayogako hai| ___ yaha bhI kama suyogakI bAta nahIM hai ki priya zrI bAbUlAlajI jaina phAgullane svAvalambI bananekI dRSTise hAlameM cAlU kiye apane mahAvIra-presameM isakA zIghratAke sAtha sundara prakAzana kiyA, jisake lie hama unheM tathA presameM kAma karanevAle sabhI logoMko dhanyavAda diye binA nahIM raha skte| AzA hai isa dvitIya saMskaraNako bhI sahRdaya pAThaka usI taraha apanAyeMge, jisa taraha ve prathama saMskaraNako apanA cuke haiN| camelI-kuTIra, -darabArIlAla koThiyA assI, vArANasI, ( ema0 e0, nyAyAcArya, zAstrAcArya ) 24 mArca, 1966 maMtrI, varNo granthamAlA

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prastuta tRtIya saMskaraNa 'jainadarzana' kA dvitIya saMskaraNa apraila 1966 meM prakAzita huA thA / usake prakAzakIya vaktavya ke antameM hamane AzA vyakta kI thI ki 'isa dvitIya saMskaraNako bhI sahRdaya pAThaka usI taraha apanAyeMge, jisa taraha ve prathama saMskaraNako apanA cuke haiM / ' hameM prasannatA hai ki hamArI vaha AzA pUrNa hI nahIM huI, balki utsAhapUrNa bala bhI milA hai / phalataH Aja hama tRtIya saMskaraNake nikAlane meM bhI sakSama ho sake haiM / 'jainadarzana' ke pAThaka - manISiyoMne granthakI mahattAko prakaTa karate hue usake vartamAna 20 X 30 - 16 pejI sAija - AkAra ko parivartita karane aura DimAI sAija karane kA parAmarza diyA / unakA yaha parAmarza upayukta aura ucita lagA | ataH hamane granthakA AkAra badala diyA hai / Aja aise mahattvapUrNa grantha prAyaH isI sAija meM prakAzita ho rahe haiM / Aja kAgajakI durlabhatA aura anarghyatA itanI bar3ha gayI hai ki kisI granthake prakAzanakA sAhasa nahIM hotA / chapAIkA dAma bhI dugunese jyAdA ho gayA hai / aisI sthiti meM, granthakI aprApyatA aura pAThakoMkI mA~gako dekhate hue isakA prakAzana karanA par3A hai / ataeva hameM granthakA mUlya bhI vivaza hokara bar3hAnA par3A hai / yadyapi yaha mUlya kAgaja, chapAI, bAiDiMga Adike bar3he hue mUlyase kama hI hai / hameM AzA hai hamArI vivazatAko pAThaka kSamA kareMge aura granthako pUrvavat apanAyeMge / prabandha samiti, saMrakSaka sadasyoM aura svastika mudraNAlaya ke samaveta prayatnoMse isakA prakAzana kArya nirbAdha sampanna ho sakA hai| ataH ina sabakA AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~ / dazalakSaNa parva, dvitIya bhAdrapada zuklA 5, vI. ni. saM. 2500, 20 sitambara, 1974, Jain Educationa International (DaoN0) darabArIlAla koMThiyA maMtrI, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI di0 jaina saMsthAna For Personal and Private Use Only

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prAkkathana manuSyakI svAbhAvika pravRtti bahirmukha aura aindriyaka hai / vaha apane dainika jIvana meM apanI sAdhAraNa AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti ke lie dRzya jagatke ApAtataH pratIyamAna svarUpase hI santuSTa rahatA hai / jIvanameM kaThina paristhitiyoMke Anepara hI usake manameM samasyAoMkA udaya hotA hai aura vaha jagatke ApAtataH pratIyamAna rUpase, jisameM ki use kaI prakArakI ulajhaneM pratIta hotI haiM, santuSTa na rahakara usake vAstavika svarUpake jAnaneke lie aura usake dvArA apanI ulajhanoMke samAdhAna ke lie pravRtta hotA hai / isI tathyakA prAcIna granthoMmeM " parAci khAni vyatRNat svayambhUstasmAt parAG pazyati nAntarAtman / kazcid dhIraH AvRttacakSuramRtatvamicchan pratyagAtmanyavaikSad Jain Educationa International // " isa prakArake zabdoM meM prAyaH varNana kiyA gayA hai / vAstava meM dArzanika dRSTikA yahIM sUtrapAta hotA hai / dArzanika dRSTi aura tAttvika dRSTi donoMko samAnArthaka samajhanA cAhie / vyaktiyoMke samAna jAtiyoMke jIvana meM bhI dArzanika dRSTi sAMskRtika vikAsakI eka vizeSa avasthA meM hI udbhUta hotI hai / bhAratIya saMskRtikI paramparAko ati prAcInatAkA bar3A bhArI pramANa isI bAtameM hai ki usameM dArzanika dRSTikI paramparA ati prAcInakAla se hI dikhalAI detI hai / vAstavameM usakA prArambha kaba huA, isakA kAla nirdhAraNa karanA atyanta kaThina hai / - kaThopa0 2 / 1 / 1 vedoM kA vizeSataH RgvedakA kAla ati prAcIna hai, isameM sandeha nahIM / usake nAsadIya sadRza sUktoM aura mantroMmeM utkRSTa dArzanika vicAradhArA pAI jAtI hai / aise yugake sAtha, jaba ki prakRtike kArya nirvAhaka tattad- devatAoMkI stuti Adike rUpameM atyanta jaTila vaidika karmakANDa hI Arya jAtikA parama dhyeya ho rahA thA, uparyukta utkRSTa dArzanika vicAradhArAkI saMgati baiThAnA kucha kaThina hI dikhalAI detA hai / aisA ho sakatA hai ki usa dArzanika vicAradhArAkA Adi srota vaidikadhArAse pRthak yA usase pahilekA hI ho / For Personal and Private Use Only

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14 jainadarzana brahmasUtra zAMkarabhASyameM kApila-sAMkhya darzanake liye spaSTataH avaidika kahA hai|' isa kathanameM hameM to kucha aisI dhvani pratIta hotI hai ki usakI paramparA prAgvaidika yA vaidiketara ho sakatI hai| jo kucha bhI ho, Rgveda-saMhitAmeM jo utkRSTa dArzanika vicAra aMkita haiM, unakI svayaM paramparA aura bhI prAcInatara honA hI caahiye| ___ jaina darzanakI sArI dArzanika dRSTi vaidika dArzanika dRSTise svatantra hI nahIM, bhinna bhI hai, isameM kisIko sandeha nahIM ho sktaa| hameM to aisA pratIta hotA hai ki uparyukta dArzanika dhArAko hamane Upara jisa prAgvaidika paramparAse jor3A hai, mUlataH jaina darzana bhI usIke svatantra vikAsako eka zAkhA ho sakatA hai| usakI sArI dRSTise tathA usake kucha pudgala jaise viziSTa pAribhASika zabdoMse isI bAtakI puSTi hotI hai| jaina darzanakA vizeSa mahattva : parantu jaina darzanakA apanA vizeSa mahattva usakI prAcIna paramparAko chor3akara anya mahattvake AdhAroM para bhI hai| kisI bhI sAttvika vimarzakA vizeSataH dArzanika vicArakA mahattva isa bAtameM honA cAhiye ki vaha prakRta vAstavika samasyAoMpara vastutaH unhIMkI dRSTise kisI prakArake pUrvAgrahake binA vicAra kre| bhAratIya anya darzanoMmeM zabdapramANakA jo prAmukhya hai vaha eka prakArase unake mahattvako kucha kama hI kara detA hai| una darzanoMmeM aisA pratIta hotA hai ki vicAradhArAko sthUla rUparekhAkA aGkana to zabda-pramANa kara detA hai aura tattadarzana kevala usameM apaneapane raGgoMko hI bharanA cAhate haiN| isake viparIta jainadarzanameM aisA pratIta hotA hai, jaise koI bilakula sApha sleTa ( Tabula Rasa ) para likhanA zurU karatA hai| vizuddha dArzanika dRSTimeM isa bAtakA bar3A mahattva hai| kisI bhI vyaktimeM dArzanika dRSTike vikAsake liye yaha atyanta Avazyaka hai ki vaha svatantra vicAradhArAkI bhittipara apane vicAroMkA nirmANa kare aura paramparA-nirmita pUrvAgrahoMse apaneko bacA ske| uparyukta dRSTise isa dRSTimeM maulika antara hai| pUrvokta dRSTimeM dArzanika dRSTi zabdapramANake pIche-pIche calatI hai, aura jaina dRSTimeM zabdapramANako dArzanika dRSTikA anugAmI honA par3atA hai| 1. 'na tayA zrutiviruddhamapi kApilaM mataM zraddhAtuM zakyam' / / -bra0 sU0 zAM0 mA0 2 / 1 / 1 /

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prAkkathana jainadarzana nAstika nahIM : isI prasaGgameM bhAratIya darzanake viSaya meM eka paramparAgata mithyA bhramakA ullekha karanA bhI hameM Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / kucha kAlase loga aisA samajhane lage haiM ki bhAratIya darzanakI Astika aura nAstika nAmase do zAkhAe~ haiM / tathAkathita 'vaidika' darzanoMko Astika darzana aura jaina, bauddha jaise darzanoMko 'nAstika darzana' kahA jAtA hai / vastuta: yaha vargIkaraNa nirAdhAra hI nahIM, nitAnta mithyA bhI hai / Astika aura nAstika zabda " asti nAsti diSTaM matiH " ( pA0 4 |4| 30 ) isa pANinisUtra ke anusAra bane haiM / maulika artha unakA yahI thA ki paraloka ( jisako hama dUsare zabdoMmeM indriyAtIta tathya bhI kaha sakate haiM ) kI sattAko mAnanevAlA 'Astika' aura na mAnanevAlA 'nAstika' kahalAtA hai / spaSTataH isa arthameM jaina aura bauddha jaise darzanoMko nAstika kahA hI nahIM jA sakatA / isake viparIta hama to yaha samajhate haiM ki zabda pramANakI nirapekSatAse vastutattvapara vicAra karaneke kAraNa dUsare darzanoMkI apekSA unakA apanA eka AdaraNIya vaiziSTya hI hai / jaina darzanakI dena : 15 bhAratIya darzanake itihAsa meM jainadarzanakI apanI anokhI dena hai | darzana zabdakA philAsaphI ke artha meM kabase prayoga hone lagA hai, isakA tatkAla nirNaya karanA kaThina hai, to bhI isa zabdakI isa artha meM prAcInatAke viSayameM sandeha nahIM ho sakatA / tattad darzanoMke liye darzana zabdakA prayoga mUlameM isI arthase huA hogA ki kisI bhI indriyAtIta tattvake parIkSaNa meM tattad vyaktiko svAbhAvika ruci, paristhiti yA adhikAritAke bhedase jo tAttvika dRSTibheda hotA hai usIko darzana zabdase vyakta kiyA jAya / aisI avasthA meM yaha spaSTa hai ki kisI tattvake viSaya meM koI bhI tAttvika dRSTi aikAntika nahIM ho sakatI / pratyeka tattvameM anekarUpatA svabhAvataH honI cAhiye aura koI bhI dRSTi una sabakA eka sAtha tAttvika pratipAdana nahIM kara sktii| isI siddhAntako jainadarzanakI paribhASA meM 'anekAntadarzana' kahA gayA hai / jainadarzanakA to yaha AdhArastambha hai hI, parantu vAstava meM pratyeka dArzanika vicAradhArAke liye bhI isako Avazyaka mAnanA cAhiye / Jain Educationa International bauddhika stara meM isa siddhAntake mAna lenese manuSyake naitika aura laukika vyavahAra meM eka mahattvakA parivartana A jAtA hai / cAritra hI mAnava ke jIvanakA sAra hai | cAritrake liye maulika AvazyakatA isa bAtakI hai ki manuSya eka ora to abhimAnase apaneko pRthak rakhe, sAtha hI hIna bhAvanAse bhI apaneko bacAye / spaSTataH yaha mArga atyanta kaThina hai / vAstavika arthoMmeM jo apane svarUpako samajhatA For Personal and Private Use Only

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jainadarzana hai, dUsare zabdoM meM AtmasammAna karatA hai, aura sAtha hI dUsareke vyaktitvako bhI utanA hI sammAna detA hai, vahI uparyukta duSkara mArgakA anugAmI bana sakatA hai / isIliye sAre naitika samutthAnameM vyaktitvakA samAdara eka maulika mahattva rakhatA hai / jainadarzanake uparyukta anekAntadarzanakA atyanta mahattva isI siddhAntake AdhArapara hai ki usameM vyaktitvakA sammAna nihita hai / jahA~ vyaktitvakA samAdara hotA hai vahA~ svabhAvataH sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatA, saMgharSa yA kisI bhI chala, jAti, jalpa, vitaNDA Adi jaise asadupAyase vAdiparAjayakI pravRtti nahIM raha sakatI / vyAvahArika jIvanameM bhI khaNDanake sthAna meM samanvayAtmaka nirmANakI pravRtti hI vahA~ rahatI hai / sAdhyakI pavitratAke sAtha sAdhaka pavitratAkA mahAn Adarza bhI ukta siddhAnta ke sAtha hI raha sakatA hai / isa prakAra anekAntadarzana naitika utkarSake sAtha-sAtha vyavahArazuddhike liye bhI jainadarzanakI eka mahAn dena hai / vicAra-jagatkA anekAntadarzana hI naitika jagat meM Akara ahiMsAke vyApaka siddhAntakA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / isIliye jahA~ anya darzanoMmeM paramatakhaNDanapara bar3A bala diyA gayA hai, vahIM jainadarzanakA mukhya dhyeya anekAnta-siddhAntake AdhArapara vastusthitimUlaka vibhinna matoMkA samanvaya rahA hai| vartamAna jagatkI vicAradhArAkI dRSTise bhI jainadarzanake vyApaka ahiMsAmUlaka siddhAntakA atyanta mahattva hai / Ajakala jagat kI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA yaha hai ki apane-apane paramparAgata vaiziSTyako rakhate hue bhI vibhinna manuSyajAtiyA~ eka-dUsareke samIpa AveM aura unameM eka vyApaka mAnavatAkI dRSTikA vikAsa ho / anekAntasiddhAntamUlaka samanvayakI dRSTise hI yaha ho sakatA hai / isameM sandeha nahIM ki na kevala bhAratIya darzanake vikAsakA anugama karaneke liye, apitu bhAratIya saMskRti ke uttarottara vikAsako samajhane ke liye bhI jainadarzanakA atyanta mahattva hai / bhAratIya vicAradhArA meM ahiMsAvAda ke rUpa meM athavA paramatasahiSNutAMke rUpameM athavA samanvayAtmaka bhAvanAke rUpameM jainadarzana aura jaina vicAra - dhArAkI jo dena hai usako samajhe binA vAstavameM bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsako nahIM samajhA jA sakatA / 16 prastuta grantha : abhI taka rASTrabhASA hindI meM koI aisI pustaka nahIM thI, jisameM vyApaka aura tulanAtmaka dRSTise jainadarzana ke svarUpako spaSTa kiyA gayA ho / bar3I prasannatAkA viSaya hai ki isa bar3I bhArI kamIko prakRta pustakake dvArA usake suyogya vidvAn

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prAkkathana lekhakane dUra kara diyA hai| pustakakI zailI vidvattApUrNa hai| usameM prAcIna mUla granthoMke pramANoMke AdhArase jainadarzanake sabhI prameyoMkA bar3I vizada rItise yathAsaMbhava subodha zailImeM nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna darzanoMke siddhAntoMke sAtha tadviSayaka Adhunika dRSTiyoMkA bhI isameM sanniveza aura unapara prasaGgAnusAra vimarza karanekA bhI prayatna kiyA gayA hai| pustaka apanemeM maulika, paripUrNa aura anUThI hai|| ..nyAyAcArya Adi padaviyoMse vibhUSita pro0 mahendrakumArajI apane viSayake pariniSThita vidvAn hai / jainadarzanake sAtha tAttvika dRSTise anya darzanoMkA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhI unakA eka mahAn vaiziSTaya hai / aneka prAcIna durUha dArzanika granthoMkA unhoMne bar3I yogyatAse sampAdana kiyA hai / aise adhikArI vidvAn dvArA prastuta yaha 'jainadarzana' vAstava meM rASTrabhASA hindIke liye eka bahumUlya dena hai| hama hRdayase isa granthakA abhinandana karate haiM / -maGgaladeva zAstrI vArANasI ema0, e0; DI. phila ( oNksana ), 20 / 10 / 55 pUrva priMsipala gavarnameNTa saMskRta kAleja, vArANasI

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do zabda * jaba bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzIse prakAzita nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa aura tattvArthavRttiko prastAvanAmeM maiMne suhRdvara mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyanake 'syAdvAda' viSayaka vicAroMkI AlocanA kI, to unhoMne mujhe ulAhanA diyA ki "kyoM nahIM Apa syAdvAdapara do grantha likhate-eka gambhIra aura vidvadbhogya aura dUsarA syaadvaadprveshikaa"| unake isa ulAhanene isa granthake likhanekA saMkalpa karAyA aura ukta donoM prayojanoMko sAdhaneke hetu isa granthakA janma huaa| granthake likhaneke saMkalpake bAda likhanese lekara prakAzana takakI isakI vicitra kathA hai| usameM na jAkara una saba anukUla aura pratikUla paristhitiyoMke phalasvarUpa nirmita apanI isa kRtiko mUrtarUpameM dekhakara santoSakA anubhava karatA huuN| ___ jaina dharma aura darzanake sambandhameM bahuta prAcIna kAlase hI vibhinna sAmpradAyika aura saMkucita sAMskRtika kAraNoMse eka prakArakA upekSAkA bhAva hI nahIM, use viparyAsa karake pracArita karanekI pravRtti bhI jAna-bUjhakara cAlU rahI hai / isake liye purAkAlameM jo bhI pracArake sAdhana-grantha, zAstrArtha aura rIti-rivAja Adi the, una pratyekakA upayoga kiyA gyaa| jahA~ taka vizuddha dArzanika matabhedako bAta hai, vahA~ taka darzanake kSetrameM dRSTikoNoMkA bheda honA svAbhAvika hai| para jaba ve hI matabheda sAmpradAyika vRttiyoMkI jar3ameM cale jAte haiM taba ve darzanako dUSita to kara hI dete haiM, sAtha hI svastha samAjake nirmANameM bAdhaka bana dezakI ekatAko chinna-bhinna kara vizvazAntike vighAtaka ho jAte haiN| bhAratIya darzanoMke vikAsakA itihAsa isa bAtakA pUrI taraha sAkSI hai / darzana aisI oSadhi hai ki yadi isakA ucita rUpameM aura ucita mAtrAmeM upayoga nahIM kiyA gayA, to yaha samAja-zarIrako sar3A degI aura use visphoTake pAsa pahu~cA degii| jaina tIrthaGkaroMne manuSyako ahaGkAramUlaka pravRtti aura usake svArthI vAsanAmaya mAnasakA spaSTa darzana kara una tattvoMkI ora prArambhase dhyAna dilAyA hai, jinase isakI dRSTikI ekAGgitA nikalakara usameM anekAGgitA AtI hai aura vaha apanI dRSTikI taraha sAmanevAle vyaktikI dRSTikA bhI sammAna karanA sIkhatI hai, usake prati sahiSNu hotI hai, apanI taraha use bhI jIvita rahane aura paramArtha honekI adhikAriNI mAnatI hai| dRSTimeM isa Atmaupamya bhAvake A jAne para usakI bhASA badala jAtI hai, usameM svamatakA durdAnta abhiniveza haTakara samanvayazIlatA AtI

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do zabda hai / usakI bhASAmeM parakA tiraskAra na hokara usake abhiprAya, vivakSA aura apekSA dRSTiko samajhanekI sarala vRttiA jAtI hai / aura isa taraha bhASA meMse Agraha yAnI ekAntakA viSa dUra hote hI usakI syAdvAdAmRtagarbhiNI vAksudhAse cAroM ora saMvAda, sukha aura zAntikI suSamA sarasane lagatI hai, saba ora saMvAda hI saMvAda hotA hai, visaMvAda, vivAda aura kalaha-kaNTaka unmUla ho jAte haiM / isa manaH zuddhi yAnI anekAntadRSTi aura vacanazuddhi arthAt syAdvAdamaya vANIke hote hI usake jIvana-vyavahArakA nakzA hI badala jAtA hai, usakA koI bhI AcaraNa yA vyavahAra aisA nahIM hotA, jisase ki dUsareke svAtantryapara A~ca pahu~ce / tAtparya yaha ki vaha aise mahAtmatvakI' ora calane lagatA hai, jahA~ mana, vacana aura karmakI ekasUtratA hokara svastha vyaktitvakA nirmANa hone lagatA hai / aise svastha svodayI vyaktiyoM se hI vastutaH sarvodayI nava samAjakA nirmANa ho sakatA hai aura tabhI vizvazAntikI sthAyI bhUmikA A sakatI hai | bha0 mahAvIra tIrthaGkara the, darzanaGkara nahIM / ve usa tIrtha arthAt taranekA upAya batAnA cAhate the, jisase vyakti nirAkula aura svastha banakara samAja, deza aura vizvakI sundara ikAI ho sakatA hai / ataH unake upadezakI dhArA vastusvarUpakI anekAntarUpatA tathA vyakti-svAtantryakI carama pratiSThApara AdhArita thI / isakA phala hai ki jainadarzanakA pravAha manaH zuddhi aura vacanazuddhi mUlaka ahiMsaka AcArakI pUrNatAko pAne kI ora hai / usane paramata meM dUSaNa dikhAkara bhI unakA vastusthiti ke AdhArase samanvayakA mArga bhI dikhAyA hai| isa taraha jainadarzanakI vyAvahArika upayogitA jIvanako yathArtha vastusthitike AdhArase buddhipUrvaka saMvAdI banAne meM hai aura kisI bhI sacce dArzanikakA yahI uddezya honA bhI cAhiye / prastuta granthameM maiMne isI bhAvase 'jainadarzana' kI maulika dRSTi samajhAnekA prayatna kiyA hai / isake pramANa, prameya aura nayakI mImAMsA tathA syAdvAda - vicAra Adi prakaraNoM meM itara darzanoMkI samAlocanA tathA Adhunika bhautikavAda aura vijJAnakI mUla dhArAoM kA bhI yathAsaMbhava Alocana - pratyAlocana karanekA prayatna kiyA hai / jahA~ taka paramata-khaNDanakA prazna hai, maiMne una una matoMke mUla granthoMse ve avataraNa diye haiM yA unake sthalakA nirdeza kiyA hai, jisase samAlocya pUrvapakSake sambandhameM bhrAnti na ho / isa granthameM 12 prakaraNa haiM / inameM saMkSeparUpase una aitihAsika aura tulanAtmaka vikAsa - bIjoM ko batAne kI ceSTA kI gaI hai, jinase yaha sahaja samajha meM A sake ki "manasyekaM vacasyekaM karmaNyekaM mahAtmanAm " / 19

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jainadarzana tIrthaGkarakI vANI bIja kina-kina paristhitiyoMmeM kaise-kaise aGkurita, pallavita, puSpita aura saphala hue / 1. prathama prakaraNa - 'pRSThabhUmi aura sAmAnyAvalokana' meM isa karmabhUmike Adi tIrthaGkara RSabhadevase lekara antima tIrthaGkara mahAvIra taka tathA unase Age ke AcAryoM taka jaina tattvakI dhArA kisa rUpa meM pravAhita huI hai, isakA sAmAnya vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isI meM jainadarzanakA yuga - vibhAjanakara una-una yugoMmeM usakA kramika vikAsa batAyA hai / 20 2. dvitIya prakaraNa - 'viSaya praveza' meM darzanakI udbhUti, darzanakA vAstavika artha, bhAratIya darzanoMkA antima lakSya, jainadarzana ke mUla mudde Adi zIrSakoMse isa grantha viSaya-pravezakA silasilA jamAyA gayA hai / 3. tRtIya - 'jainadarzanakI dena' prakaraNa meM jainadarzanakI mahattvapUrNa virAsata - anekAntadRSTi, syAdvAda - bhASA, anekAntAtmaka vastusvarUpa, dharmajJatA - sarvajJatAviveka, puruSaprAmANya, nirIzvaravAda, karmaNA varNavyavasthA, anubhavakI pramANatA aura sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanakI pavitratAkA Agraha AdikA saMkSipta digdarzana karAyA gayA hai / 4. caturtha - 'loka - vyavasthA' prakaraNameM isa vizvako vyavasthA jisa utpAdAdAdi trayAtmaka pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa svayameva hai usa pariNAmavAdakA, satke svarUpakA aura nimitta, upAdAna AdikA vivecana hai / sAtha hI vizvakI vyavasthA ke sambandhameM jo kAlavAda, svabhAvavAda, niyativAda, puruSavAda, karmavAda, bhUtavAda, yadRcchAvAda aura avyAkRtavAda Adi pracalita the, unakI AlocanA karake utpAdAtriyAtmaka pariNAmavAdakA sthApana kiyA gayA hai / Adhunika bhautikavAda, virodhI samAgama aura dvandvavAdakI tulanA aura mImAMsA bhI pariNAmavAdase kI gaI hai / 5. paJcama--'padArthasvarUpa' prakaraNa meM padArthake trayAtmaka svarUpa, guNa aura dharmako vyAkhyA Adi karake sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatvakA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / 6. chaThe --'SaT dravyavivecana' prakaraNameM jIvadravyake vivecanameM vyApaka AtmavAda, aNuAtmavAda, bhUtacaitanyavAda Adiko mImAMsA karake AtmAko karttA, bhoktA, svadehaparimANa aura pariNAmI siddha kiyA gayA hai| pudgala dravyake vivecanameM pudgaloMke aNu-skandha bheda, skandhakI prakriyA, zabda, bandha AdikA pudgalaparyAyatva Adi siddha kiyA hai / isI taraha dharma dravya, adharma dravya, AkAza dravya aura kAladravyakA vividha mAnyatAoMkA ullekha karake svarUpa batAyA hai| sAtha hI vaizeSika AdikI dravya vyavasthA aura padArtha-vyavasthAkA antarbhAva dikhAyA hai| isI prakaraNa meM kAryotpattivicAra meM satkAryavAda, asatkAryavAda AdikI AlocanA karake sadasatkAryavAdakA samarthana kiyA hai /

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do zabda 21 7. sAtaveM-'saptatattvanirUpaNa' prakaraNameM mumukSuoMko avazya jJAtavya jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tattvoMkA vistRta vivecana hai| bauddhoMke cAra AryasatyoMkI tulanA, nirvANa aura mokSakA bheda, nairAtmyavAdakI mImAMsA; AtmAkI anAdibaddhatA Adi viSayoMkI carcA bhI prasaGgataH AI hai| zeSa ajIva Adi tattvoMkA vizada vivecana tulanAtmaka DhaMgase kiyA hai| 8. AThaveM-'pramANamImAMsA' prakaraNameM pramANake svarUpa, bheda, viSaya aura phala ina cAroM muddoM para khUba vistArase parapakSakI mImAMsA karake vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pramANAbhAsa, saMkhyAbhAsa, viSayAbhAsa aura phalAbhAsa zIrSakoMmeM sAMkhya, vedAnta, zabdAdvaita, kSaNikavAda AdikI mImAMsA kI gaI hai| Agama prakaraNameM vedake apauruSeyatvakA vicAra, zabdakI arthavAcakatA, apohavAdakI parIkSA, prAkRta-apabhraMza zabdoMkI arthavAcakatA, AgamavAda tathA hetuvAdakA kSetra Adi sabhI pramukha viSaya carcita haiN| mukhya pratyakSake nirUpaNameM sarvajJasiddhi aura sarvajJatAke itihAsakA nirUpaNa hai| anumAnaprakaraNameM jaya-parAjayavyavasthA aura patravAkya AdikA vizada vivecana hai / viparyayajJAnake prakaraNameM akhyAti, asatkhyAti AdikI mImAMsA karake viparItakhyAti sthApita kI gaI hai| 9. naveM-'nayavicAra' prakaraNameM nayoMkA svarUpa, dravyAthika-paryAyAthika bheda, sAtoM nayoMkA tathA tadAbhAsoMkA vivecana, nikSepa-prakriyA aura nizcaya-vyavahAranaya AdikA khulAsA kiyA gayA hai| 10. dasaveM-'syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI' prakaraNameM syAdvAdako nirukti, AvazyakatA, upayogitA aura svarUpa batAkara 'syAdvAda'ke sambandhameM mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana, sara rAdhAkRSNan, pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAya, DaoN. devarAjajI, zrI hanumantarAvajI Adi Adhunika darzana-lekhakoMke matakI AlocanA karake syAdvAdake sambandhameM prAcIna A0 dharmakItti, prajJAkara, karNakagomi, zAntarakSita, arcaTa Adi bauddhadArzanika, zaMkarAcArya, bhAskarAcArya, nIlakaNThAcArya, rAmAnujAcArya, vallabhAcArya, nimbArkAcArya, vyomazivAcArya Adi vaidika tathA tattvopaplavavAdI Adike bhrAnta matoMkI vistRta samIkSA kI gaI hai| saptabhaGgIkA svarUpa, sakalAdeza-vikalAdezakI rekhA tathA isa sambandhameM A0 malayagiri Adike matoMkI mImAMsA karake syAdvAdakI jIvanopayogitA siddha kI hai / isImeM saMzayAdi dUSaNoMkA uddhAra karake vastuko bhAvAbhAvAtmaka, nityAnityAtmaka, sadasadAtmaka, ekAnekAtmaka aura bhedAbhedAtmaka siddha kiyA hai| 11. gyArahaveM- 'jainadarzana aura vizvazAnti' prakaraNameM jainadarzanakI anekAntadRSTi aura samanvayakI bhAvanA, vyaktisvAtantryakI svIkRti aura sarva samAnAdhikAra

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jainadarzana kI bhUmipara sarvodayI samAjakA nirmANa aura vizvazAntikI sambhAvanAkA samarthana kiyA hai / 12. bArahaveM - 'jaina dArzanika sAhitya' prakaraNameM digambara zvetAmbara donoM paramparAoMke prAcIna dArzanika granthoMkA zatAbdIvAra nAmollekha karake sUcI prastuta kI gaI hai / isa taraha isa grantha meM 'jainadarzana' ke sabhI aGgoMpara samUla paryApta prakAza to gayA hai / antameM maiM una sabhI upakArakoMkA AbhAra mAnanA apanA karttavya samajhatA hU~, jinake sahayoga se yaha grantha isa rUpameM prakAzameM A gayA hai / suprasiddha adhyAtmavettA guruvarya zrI 105 kSullaka pUjya paM0 gaNezaprasAdajI varNIkA sahaja sneha aura AzIrvAda isa janako sadA prApta rahA hai / 22 bhAratIya saMskRtike taTastha vivecaka DaoN0 maGgaladevajI zAstrI pUrva priMsipala gavarnameMTa saMskRta kAlejane apanA amUlya samaya lagAkara 'prAkkathana' likhanekI kRpA kI hai / pArzvanAtha vidyAzramakI lAibrerI meM baiThakara hI isa granthakA lekhana kArya huA hai aura usakI bahumUlya graMtharAzikA isameM upayoga huA hai / bhAI paM0 phulacandrajI siddhAntazAstrIne, jo jaina samAjake khare vicAraka vidvAn haiM, Ar3e samayameM isa granthako jisa kasaka AtmIyatA aura tatparatAse zrIgaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlAse prakAzita karAnekA prabandha kiyA hai use maiM nahIM bhulA sakatA / maiM ina sabakA hArdika AbhAra mAnatA huuN| aura isa AzAse isa rASTrabhASA hindImeM likhe gaye prathama 'jainadarzana' granthako pAThakoMke sanmukha rakha rahA hU~ ki ve isa prayAsako sadbhAvakI dRSTise dekheMge aura isakI truTiyoMkI sUcanA denekI kRpA kareMge, tAki Age unakA sudhAra kiyA jA sake / vijayAdazamI vi0 saM0 2012 tA0 26 / 10 / 55 Jain Educationa International } - mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya prAdhyApaka saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI For Personal and Private Use Only

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viSayAnukrama 1. pRSThabhUmi aura sAmAnyAvalokana 1-20 . karmabhUmikA prArambha - 1 siddhAnta-AgamakAla 11 Adya tIrthaGkara 2 zApakatattva tIrthaGkara neminAtha 4 kundakunda aura umAsvAti 23veM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha 5 pUjyapAda antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAn anekAntasthApanakAla mahAvIra 5 samantabhadra va siddhasena satya eka aura trikAlAbAdhita 6 pAtrakesarI va zrIdatta jainadharma aura darzanake mUla mudde 7 pramANavyavasthAyuga jaina zruta 8 jinabhadra aura akalaMka donoM paramparAoMkA Agamazruta 9 upAyatattva zrutavicchedakA mUla kAraNa 9 navIna nyAyayuga kAlavibhAga 11 upasaMhAra ... . 2. viSayapraveza 22-37 darzanakI udbhUti 22 jaina dRSTikoNase darzana arthAt naya 28 darzana zabdakA artha __ 23 sudarzana aura kudarzana darzanakA artha nirvikalpaka nahIM 25 darzana eka divyajyoti darzanakI pRSThabhUmi 26 bhAratIya darzanoMkA antima lakSya 31 darzana arthAt bhAvanAtmaka do vicAradhArAe~ sAkSAtkAra . 26 yugadarzana darzana arthAt dRr3hapratIti 27 3. bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena 38-52 mAnasa ahiMsA arthAt anekAnta dRSTi 38 syAdvAda eka nirdoSa bhASA-zailI vastu sarvadharmAtmaka nahIM 39 ahiMsAkA AdhArabhUta tattvajJAnaH anekAntadRSTikA vAstavika kSetra 40 anekAntadarzana mAnasa samatAkA pratIka 40 vicArakI caramarekhA mr 0 0 mr mr m mr my m : 2

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24 jainadarzana svataH siddha nyAyAdhIza vAcanika ahiMsA : syAdvAda syAt eka praharI syAtkA artha zAyada nahIM avivakSitakA sUcaka 'syAt' dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatA 43 nirmala AtmA svayaM pramANa 44 nirIzvaravAda 44 karmaNA varNavyavasthA 45 anubhavakI pramANatA 45 sAdhanakI pavitratAkA Agraha 46 tattvAdhigamake upAya 4. lokavyavasthA 53-100 jainI lokavyavasthAkA mUla mantra pariNamanoMke prakAra pariNamanakA koI apavAda nahIM dharmadravya adharmadravya AkAzadravya kAladravya nimitta aura upAdAna kAlavAda svabhAvavAda niyativAda A0 kundakundakA akartRtvavAda puNya aura pApa kyA ? goDase hatyArA kyoM ? eka hI prazna eka hI uttara kAraNahetu niyati eka bhAvanA hai karmavAda karma kyA hai ? karmavipAka yadRcchAvAda puruSavAda IzvaravAda 53 bhUtavAda 54 avyAkRtavAda 55 utpAdAditrayAtmaka pariNAmavAda 56 do viruddha zaktiyA~ 56 loka zAzvata hai 56 dravyayogyatA aura paryAyayogyatA 57 karmakI kAraNatA 58 jar3avAda aura pariNAmavAda 62 jar3avAdakA Adhunika rUpa 62 jar3avAdakA eka aura svarUpa 63 virodhisamAgama arthAt utpAda 68 aura vyaya 71 cetanasRSTi 71 samAjavyavasthAke liye 72 jar3avAdI anupayogitA 73 samAjavyavasthAkA AdhAra samatA 93 73 jagatsvarUpake do pakSa : 1. bhautika74 vAda aura 2. vijJAnavAda 94 75 loka aura aloka 77 loka svayaM siddha hai 80 jagat pAramArthika aura svataH 80 siddha hai 81

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guNa aura dharma . artha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai svarUpAstitva aura santAna santAnakA khokhalApana 'ucchedAtmaka nirvANa aprA tItika hai chaha dravya jIvadravya vyApaka AtmavAda aNu AtmavAda bhUtacaitanyavAda icchA Adi Atmadharma haiM karttA aura bhoktA gAvAta-pittAdidharma nahIM pudgaladravya skandhoM ke bheda viSayAnukrama 5. padArthakA svarUpa 101 do sAmAnya 102 103 do vizeSa 104 sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka arthAt 6. skandha Adi cAra bheda bandhakI prakriyA Jain Educationa International 105 dravyaparyAyAtmaka SaTadravya vivecana bicAra vAtAvaraNa banAte haiM, jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI nUtana zarIradhAraNakI prakriyA sRSTicakra svayaM cAlita hai 120 jIvoMke bheda : saMsArI aura mukta 121 123 109 prakAza va garamI zaktiyA~ nahIM 109 paramANukI gatizIlatA 110 dharmadravya aura adharmadravya AkAzadravya dizA svatantra dravya nahIM zabda AkAzakA guNa nahIM AkAza prakRtikA vikAra nahIM bauddhaparamparAmeM AkAzakA svarUpa 110 111 112 114 115 124 125 125 zabda Adi pudgalakI paryAyeM haiM 126 126 zabda zaktirUpa nahIM hai pudgala ke khela 127 128 chAyA pudgalakI paryAya hai eka hI pudgala maulika hai pRthivI Adi svatantra dravya nahIM 128 129 115 116 118 35 kAryotpatti- vicAra sAMkhyakA satkAryavAda naiyAyikakA asatkAryavAda bauddhoMkA asatkAryavAda jainadarzanakA sadasatkAryavAda dharmakIrtike AkSepakA samAdhAna 106 129 . 130 131 132 133 133 133 135 kAladravya 135 vaizeSika kI mAnyatA 136 boddhaparamparA meM kAla 136 vaizeSikakI dravyamAnyatAkA vicAra 137 137 142 For Personal and Private Use Only 106 107 guNa Adi svatantra padArtha nahIM avayavIkA svarUpa guNa Adi dravyarUpa hI haiM 144 rUpAdi guNa prAtibhAsika nahIM haiM 145 146 146 147 147 147 148

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jainadarzana 175 177 181 7. tattva-nirUpaNaH tattvavyavasthAkA prayojana 151 avirati 173 bauddhoMke cAra Aryasatya 151 pramAda 174 buddhakA dRSTikoNa 153 kaSAya 174 Atma tattva 154 yoga jainoMke sAta tattvoMkA mUla AtmA 154 do Asrava 175 tattvoMke do rUpa mokSatattva tattvoMkI anAditA 157 dIpanirvANakI taraha AtmAko anAdibaddha mAnanekA. AtmanirvANa nahIM kAraNa ___ 158 nirvANameM jJAnAdi guNoMkA vyavahArase jIva mUrtika bhI hai 160 sarvathA uccheda nahIM hotA mAtmAkI dazA 160 milindapraznake nirvANaAtmadRSTi hI samyagdRSTi - 163 varNanakA tAtparya 178 nairAtmyavAdako asAratA 165 mokSa na ki nirvANa ... 180 paJcaskandharUpa AtmA nahIM. 166 saMvaratattva AtmAke tIna prakAra 167 samiti 181 cAritrakA AdhAra 168 dharma 182 ajIvatattva 169 anuprekSA 183 bandhatattva 170 parISahajaya 183 cAra bandha. 171 cAritra Asravatattva 172 nirjarAtatva mithyAtva / 172 mokSake sAdhana pramANamImAMsA 187-331 jJAna aura darzana 187 sAmagrI pramANa nahIM pramANAdivyavasthAkA AdhAra. 188 indriyavyApAra bhI pramANa nahI pramANakA svarUpa 189 prAmANya-vicAra pramANa aura naya. . 191 pramANasamplava-vicAra 199 vibhinna lakSaNa. ... ... ..192 pramANake bheda 201 avisaMvAdakI prAyika sthiti 1192 pratyakSa pramANa... ... ... 201 tadAkAratA pramANa nahIM 193 sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa : 204 184 185

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viSayAnukrama 233 235 .. . indriyoMkI prApyakAritA naiyAyikakA upamAna bhI aprApyakAritA 204 sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna hai . .. 229 sannikarSa-vicAra 204 tarka ... 230 zrotra aprApyakArI nahIM. 205 vyAptikA svarUpa jJAnakA utpattikrama, anumAna 234 avagrahAdi bheda 206 liMgaparAmarza anumitikA sabhI jJAna svasaMvedI hai 207 kAraNa nahIM 234 avagrahAdi bahu Adi arthoke avinAbhAva tAdAtmya tadutpattise hote haiM 207 niyantrita nahIM 235 viparyayajJAnakA svarUpa 208 sAdhana asatkhyAti aura AtmakhyAti nahIM 208 sAdhya 235 viparyayajJAnake kAraNa 209 anumAnake bheda 236 anirvacanIyArthakhyAti nahIM 209 svArthAnumAnake aMga akhyAti nahIM 209 dharmIkA svarUpa 237 asatkhyAti nahIM 209 parArthAnumAna 237 viparyayajJAna smRtipramoSa nahoM 209 parArthAnumAnake do avayava 238 saMzayakA svarUpa 210 avayavoMkI anya mAnyatAe~ pAramArthika pratyakSa 210 pakSaprayogakI AvazyakatA avadhijJAna 211 udAharaNakI vyarthatA manaHparyayajJAna 211 hetusvarUpa-mImAMsA kevalajJAna 212 hetuke prakAra 245 sarvajJatAkA itihAsa 212 kAraNahetukA samarthana 246 parokSa pramANa 221 pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara cArvAkake parokSa pramANa hetu na mAnanekI AlocanA 223 hetuke bheda 247 smaraNa 224 adRzyAnupalabdhi bhI pratyabhijJAna 226 abhAvasAdhikA 250 saH aura ayamko do jJAna udAharaNAdi mAnanevAle bauddhakA khaMDana 226 vyApya aura vyApaka pratyabhijJAnakA pratyakSameM anantarbhAva 227 akasmAt dhUmadarzanase honeupamAna sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna hai 228 vAlA agnijJAna pratyakSa nahIM. 253 238 239 240 241 247

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jainadazana 294 295 296 296 296 296 296 297 297 297 298 301 s 304 304 arthApatti anumAnameM antarbhUta hai 254 pramANAbhAsa saMbhava svatantra pramANa nahIM 255 sannikarSAdi pramANAbhAsa abhAva svatantra pramANa nahIM 255 pratyakSAbhAsa kathA-vicAra 257 parokSAbhAsa sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanoMkI bhI sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa pavitratA 259 mukhyapratyakSAbhAsa jaya-parAjayavyavasthA 260 smaraNAbhAsa patravAkya 264 pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa Agamazruta 265 tarkAbhAsa zrutake tIna bheda 266 anumAnAbhAsa AgamavAda aura hetuvAda 267 hetvAbhAsa vedake apauruSeyatvakA vicAra 270 dRSTAntAbhAsa zabdArthapratipatti 273 udAharaNAbhAsa zabdakI arthavAcakatA 274 bAlaprayogAbhAsa anyApoha zabdakA vAcya nahIM 274 AgamAbhAsa sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha saMkhyAbhAsa vAcya hai 276 viSayAbhAsa prAkRta-apabhraMza zabdoMkI artha- brahmavAda-vicAra : pUrvapakSa bAcakatA 281 jainakA uttarapakSa uttara pakSa 283 zabdAdvaitavAda-samIkSA upasaMhAra . .. : 286 sAMkhyake 'pradhAna' sAmAnyavAda jJAnake kAraNa ___ 286 kI mImAMsA bauddhoMke cAra pratyaya aura vizeSapadArthavAda ... tadutpatti Adi 287 (kSaNikavAdamImAMsA) artha kAraNa nahIM . 289 vijJAnavAdakI samIkSA Aloka bhI jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM 291 zUnyavAdako AlocanA pramANakA phala ... .... 291 ubhayasvatantravAdamImAMsA pramANa aura phalakA bhedAbheda 293 phalAbhAsa 304 305 313 315 322 328 328 329 331

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nayakA lakSaNa naya pramANakadeza hai suna-durna do naya dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika paramArtha aura vyavahAra dravyAstika aura dravyArthika tIna prakArake padArtha aura nikSepa tIna aura sAta naya jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya mUla naya sAta naigamanaya naigamAbhAsa viSayAnukrama 9. nayavicAra 332-360 RjusUtra - tadAbhAsa zabdanaya aura tadAbhAsa samabhirUDha aura tadAbhAsa saMgraha - saMgrahAbhAsa vyavahAra aura vyavahArAbhAsa syAdvAdakI udbhUti syAdvAda kI vyutpatti syAdvAdaH viziSTa bhASApaddhati virodha- parihAra vastukI anantadharmAtmakatA prAgabhAva pradhvaMsAbhAva itaretarAbhAva atyantAbhAva sadasadAtmaka tattva ekAnekAtmaka tattva nityAnityAtmaka tattva Jain Educationa International 332 333 333 336 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 342 344 10. syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI 361-430 361 bhedAbhedAtmaka tattva 362 saptabhaMgI 363 apunarukta bhaMga sAta haiM 365 sAta hI bhaMga kyoM ? 366 avaktavya bhaMgakA artha 366 syAt zabdake prayogakA niyama 367 paramatakI apekSA bhaMgayojanA 368 sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza 368 369 bhaMgoM meM sakala-vikalAdezatA malayagiri AcAryake matakI mImAMsA 340 evaMbhUta tathA tadAbhAsa naya uttarottara sUkSma aura 370 370 alpaviSayaka haiM arthanaya zabdanaya dravyArthika- paryAyArthika vibhAga nizcaya aura vyavahAra dravyakA zuddha lakSaNa trikAlavyApi cit hI lakSaNa ho sakatA hai / nizcayakA varNana asAdhAraNa lakSaNakA kathana hai paMcAdhyAyIkA nayavibhAga 29 For Personal and Private Use Only 345 347 348 349 350 351 351 351 355 356 - 358 359 373 374 375 375 376 379 380 380 kAlAdikI dRSTise bhedAbhedakathana 381 382 383

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30 saMjayake vikSepavAdase syAdvAda nahIM nikalA buddha aura saMjaya 'syAt' kA artha zAyada, saMbhava yA kadAcit nahIM DaoN0 sampUrNAnandakA mata zaMkarAcArya aura syAdvAda anekAnta bhI anekAnta hai pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAyake prajJAkaragupta, arcaTa va' syAdvAda zAntarakSita aura syAdvAda karNakagomi aura syAdvAda jainadarzana digambara AcArya 384 386 Jain Educationa International 390 391 392 395 vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi aura anekAntavAda 414 jayarAzibhaTTa aura anekAntavAda 415 vyomaziva aura anekAntavAda 417 418 421 421 423. 423 matakI AlocanA 396 sara rAdhAkRSNana ke matakI mImAMsA 398 dharmakIrti aura anekAntavAda 400 402 406 410 samanvayakI pukAra bhAskarAcArya aura syAdvAda vijJAnabhikSu aura syAdvAdavAda zrIkaMTha aura anekAntavAda rAmAnuja aura syAdvAda vallabhAcArya aura syAdvAda nimbArkAcArya aura anekAntavAda bhedAbheda - vicAra 11. jainadarzana aura vizvazAnti 431- 434 12. jaina dArzanika sAhitya 435 -446 435 zvetAmbara AcArya granthasaMketa- vivaraNa 448-453 saMzayAdidUSaNoM kA uddhAra DaoN0 bhagavAnadAsajIkI For Personal and Private Use Only 424 4.25 428 430 440

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jainadarzana 1. pRSThabhUmi aura sAmAnyAvalokana karmabhUmikA prArambha : ___ jaina anuzrutike anusAra isa kalpakAlameM pahale bhogabhUmi thI / yahA~ke nivAsI apanI jIvanayAtrA kalpavRkSoMse calAte the| unake khAne-pIne, pahirane-or3hane, bhUSaNa, makAna, sajAvaTa, prakAza aura Ananda-vilAsakI saba AvazyakatAe~ ina vRkSoMse hI pUrNa ho jAtI thiiN| isa samaya na zikSA thI aura na dIkSA / saba apane prAkRta bhogameM hI magna the| janasaMkhyA kama thii| yugala utpanna hote the aura donoM hI jIvana-sahacara banakara sAtha rahate the aura marate bhI sAtha hI the| jaba dhIre-dhIre yaha bhogabhUmikI vyavasthA kSINa huI, janasaMkhyA bar3hI aura kalpavRkSoMkI zakti prajAkI AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti nahIM kara sakI, taba karmabhUmikA prArambha huaa| bhogabhUmimeM santAna-yugalake utpanna hote hI mA~-bApayugala mara jAte the| ataH kuTumba-racanA aura samAja-racanAkA prazna hI nahIM thaa| pratyeka yugala svAbhAvika kramase bar3hatA thA aura svAbhAvika rItise hI bhoga bhogakara apanI jIvanalIlA prakRtikI godameM hI saMvRta kara detA thaa| kintu jaba santAna apane jIvanakAlameM hI utpanna hone lagI aura unake lAlana-pAlana, zikSA-dIkSA AdikI samasyAe~ sAmane AI, taba vastutaH bhogajIvanase karmajIvana prArambha huaa| isI samaya kramazaH caudaha kulakara yA manu utpanna hote haiN| ve inheM bhojana banAnA, khetI karanA, jaMgalI pazuoMse apanI aura santAnakI rakSA karanA, unakA savArI AdimeM upayoga karanA, candra, sUrya Adise nirbhaya rahanA tathA samAja-racanAke mUlabhUta anuzAsanake niyama Adi sabhI kucha sikhAte haiN| ve hI kulake liye upayogI makAna banAnA, gAMva basAnA Adi sabhI vyavasthAe~ jamAte haiM, isIliye unheM kulakara yA manu kahate haiM / antima kulakara zrInAbhirAyane janmake samaya baccoMkI nAbhikA nAla

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jainadarzana kATanA sikhAyA thA, isIliye inakA nAma nAbhirAya par3A thaa| inakI yugalasahacarIkA nAma marudevI thaa| Adya tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva : ___inake RSabhadeva nAmaka putra hue| vastutaH karmabhUmikA prArambha inake samayase hotA hai / gA~va, nagara Adi inhIMke kAlameM base the| inhIMne apanI putrI brAhmI aura sundarIko akSarAbhyAsake liye lipi banAI thI, jo brAhmI lipike nAmase prasiddha huI / isI lipikA vikasita rUpa vartamAna nAgarI lipi hai| bharata inhIMke putra the, jinake nAmase isa dezakA nAma bhArata pdd'aa| bharata bar3e jJAnI aura vivekI the| ye rAjakAja karate hue bhI samyagdRSTi the, isIliye ye 'videha bharata' ke nAmase prasiddha the| ye prathama SaTakhaMDAdhipati cakravartI the| RSabhadevane apane rAjyakAlameM samAja-vyavasthAkI sthiratAke liye prajAkA karmake anusAra kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdrake rUpameM vibhAjana kara trivarNakI sthApanA kii| jo vyakti rakSA karanemeM kaTibaddha aura vIra prakRtike the, unheM kSatriya, vyApAra aura kRSipradhAna vRttivAloMko vaizya aura zilpa tathA nRtya Adi kalAoMse AjIvikA calAnevAloMko zUdra varNameM sthAna diyaa| RSabhadevake muni ho jAneke bAda bharata cakravartIne inhIM tIna varNo se vrata aura cAritra dhAraNa karanevAle suzIla vyaktiyoMkA brAhmaNa varNa bnaayaa| isakA AdhAra kevala vrata-saMskAra thaa| arthAt jo vyakti ahiMsA Adi vratoMse susaMskRta the, ve brAhmaNavarNameM parigaNita kiye gae / isa taraha guNa aura karmake anusAra cAturvarNya vyavasthA sthApita huI / RSabhadeva hI pramukha rUpase karmabhUmivyavasthAke agra sUtradhAra the; ataH inheM AdibrahmA yA AdinAtha kahate haiM / prajAkI rakSA aura vyavasthAmeM tatpara ina prajApati RSabhadevane apane rAjyakAlameM jisa prakAra vyavahArArtha rAjyavyavasthA aura samAja-racanAkA pravartana kiyA, usI taraha tIrthakAlameM vyaktikI zuddhi aura samAjameM zAnti sthApanake liye 'dharmatIrtha' kA bhI pravartana kiyaa| ahiMsAko dharmakI mUla dhurA mAnakara isI ahiMsAkA samAjaracanAke lie AdhAra banAneke hetuse satya, acaurya aura aparigraha Adike rUpameM avatAra kiyaa| sAdhanAkAlameM inane rAjyakA parityAga kara bAhara-bhItarakI sabhI gA~The khola parama nirgrantha mArgakA avalambana kara AtmasAdhanA kI aura kramazaH kaivalya prApta kiyA / yahI dharmatIrtha ke Adi pravartaka the| inako aitihAsikatAko suprasiddha jarmana vidvAn DaoN0 harmana jaikobI aura sara rAdhAkRSNan Adi svIkAra karate haiN| bhAgavata ( 5 / 2-6) meM jo RSabhadevakA varNana milatA hai vaha jaina paramparAke varNanase bahuta kucha milatA-julatA hai / bhAgavata

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sAmAnyAvalokana meM jainadharmake saMsthApakake rUpameM RSabhadevakA ullekha honA aura AThaveM avatArake rUpameM unakA svIkAra kiyA jAnA isa bAtakA sAkSI hai ki RSabhake jainadharmake saMsthApaka honekI anuzruti nirmUla nahIM hai / bauddhadarzanake granthoMmeM dRSTAntAbhAsa yA pUrvapakSa ke rUpameM jainadharmake pravartaka aura syAdvAdake upadezakake rUpameM RSabha aura vardhamAnakA hI nAmollekha pAyA jAtA hai / dharmottara AcArya to RSabha, vardhamAnAdiko digambaroMkA zAstA likhate haiM / inhoMne mUla ahiMsA dharmakA Adya upadeza diyA aura isI ahiMsAkI sthAyI pratiSThA ke liye usake AdhArabhUta tattvajJAnakA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA / inane samasta AtmAoMko svatantra, paripUrNa aura akhaNDa maulika dravya mAnakara apanI taraha samasta jagatke prANiyoMko jIvita rahaneke samAna adhikArako svIkAra kiyA aura ahiMsA ke sarvodayI svarUpakI saMjIvanI jagatko dI / vicAra-kSetrameM ahiMsA ke mAnasa rUpakI pratiSThA sthApita karaneke liye Adiprabhune jagatke anekAnta svarUpakA upadeza diyaa| unane batAyA ki vizvakA pratyeka jar3a-cetana, aNu-paramANu aura jIvarAzi ananta guNa - paryAyoMkA Akara hai / usake virAT rUpako pUrNa jJAna sparza bhI kara le, para vaha zabdoM ke dvArA kahA nahIM jA sakatA / vaha ananta hI dRSTikoNoMse ananta rUpameM dekhA jAtA aura kahA jAtA hai / ataH isa anekAntamahAsAgarako zAnti aura gambhItAse dekho / dUsareke dRSTikoNoMkA bhI Adara karo; kyoMki ve bhI tumhArI hI taraha vastuke svarUpAMzoMko grahaNa karanevAle haiM / anekAntadarzana vastuvicArake kSetrameM dRSTikI ekAGgitA aura saMkucitataH se honevAle matabhedoMko ukhAr3akara mAnasa - samatAkI sRSTi karatA aura vItarAga citta kI sRSTi ke lie urvara bhUmi banAtA hai / mAnasa ahiMsA ke lie jahA~ vicArazuddhi karanevAle anekAntadarzanakI upayogitA hai vahA~ vacanakI nirdoSa paddhati bhI upAdeya hai, kyoMki anekAntako vyakta karaneke liye 'aisA hI hai' isa prakArakI avadhAriNI bhASA mAdhyama nahIM bana sakatI / isaliye usa parama anekAnta tattvakA pratipAdana hai 1. khaMDagiri - udayagirikI hAthIguphAke 2100 varSa purAne lekhase RSabhadevakI pratimAkI kula kramAgatatA aura prAcInatA spaSTa hai| yaha lekha kaliMgAdhipati khAravelane likhAyA thA / isa pratimAko nanda le gayA thaa| pIche khAravelane ise nandake 300 varSa bAda puSyamitrase prApta kiyA thA / 2. dekho, nyAyabi0 1 / 142-51 | tattvasaMgraha ( syAdvAdaparIkSA ) / 3. "yathA RSabho vardhamAnazca tAvAdau yasya sa RSabhavardhamAnAdiH digambarANAM zAstA sarvaMza Aptazceti / " nyAyabi0 TIkA 3 / 142 /

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jainadarzana karaneke liye 'syAdvAda' rUpa vacanapaddhatikA upadeza diyA gyaa| isase pratyeka vAkya apanemeM sApekSa rahakara svavAcyako pradhAnatA detA huA bhI anya aMzoMkA lopa nahIM karatA, unakA tiraskAra nahIM karatA aura unakI sattAse inakAra nahIM krtaa| vaha unakA gauNa astitva svIkAra karatA hai| isIliye ina dharmatIrthakaroMkI 'syAdvAdI' ke rUpameM stuti kI jAtI hai, jo inake tattvasvarUpake prakAzanakI viziSTa praNAlIkA varNana hai| ___ inane prameyakA svarUpa utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya isa prakAra trilakSaNa batAyA hai| pratyeka sat, cAhe vaha cetana ho yA acetana, trilakSaNayukta pariNAmI hai| pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa apanI pUrvaparyAyako chor3atA huA navIna uttaraparyAyako dhAraNa karatA jAtA hai aura isa anAdipravAhako anantakAla taka calAtA jAtA hai, kabhI bhI samApta nahIM hotaa| tAtparya yaha ki tIrthaMkara RSabhadevane ahiMsA mUladharmake sAtha hI sAtha trilakSaNa prameya, anekAntadRSTi aura syAdvAda bhASAkA bhI upadeza diyaa| naya, saptabhaMgI Adi inhIke parivArabhUta haiN| ataH jainadarzanake AdhArabhUta mukhya mudde haiM-trilakSaNa pariNAmavAda, anekAntadRSTi aura syAdvAda / AtmAkI svatantra sattA to eka aisI AdhArabhUta zilA hai jisake mAne binA bandhamokSakI prakriyA hI nahIM bana sakatI / prameyakA SaT dravya, sAta tattva Adike rUpameM vivecana to vivaraNakI bAta hai| bhagavAn RSabhadevake bAda ajitanAtha Adi 23 tIrthaMkara aura hue haiM aura ina saba tIrthaMkaroMne apane-apane yugameM isI satyakA udghATana kiyA hai| tIrthakara neminAtha : bAIsaveM tIrthakara neminAtha nArAyaNa kRSNake cacere bhAI the| inakA janmasthAna dvArikA thA aura pitA the mahArAja samudravijaya / jaba inake vivAhakA julUsa nagarameM ghUma rahA thA aura yuvaka kumAra neminAtha apanI bhAvI saMginI rAjulakI sukhasuSamAke svapnameM jhUmate hue dUlhA banakara rathameM savAra the usI samaya bArAtameM Aye hue mAMsAhArI rAjAoMke svAgatArtha ikaThTha kiye gaye vividha pazuoMkI bhayaGkara cItkAra kAnoMmeM pdd'ii| isa eka cItkArane neminAthake hRdayameM ahiMsAkA sotA phor3a diyA aura una dayAmUrtine usI samaya rathase utarakara una pazuoMke bandhana apane hAthoM khole / vivAhakI veSabhUSA aura vilAsake svapnoMko 1. "dharmatIrthakarebhyo'stu syAdvAdibhyo namo nmH| RSabhAdimahAvIrAntebhyaH svAtmopalabdhaye ||"-lghii0 shlo01|

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sAmAnyAvalokana asAra samajha bhogase yogakI ora apane cittako mor3a diyA aura bAhara-bhItarakI samasta gA~ThoMko khola granthi bhedakara parama nirgrantha ho sAdhanAmeM lIna hue / inhIMkA ariSTanemike rUpameM ullekha yajurvedameM bhI AtA hai / 23 veM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha : teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAtha isI banArasameM utpanna hue the| vartamAna bhelUpura unakA janmasthAna mAnA jAtA hai| ye rAjA azvasena aura mahArAnI vAmAdevIke nayanoMke tAre the / jaba ye ATha varSake the, taba eka dina apane saMgI-sAthiyoMke sAtha gaMgAke kinAre ghUmane jA rahe the| gaMgAtaTa para kamaTha nAmakA tapasvI paMcAgni tapa kara rahA thaa| dayAmati kumAra pArzvane eka jalate hue lakkar3ase adhajale nAganAginako bAhara nikAlakara pratibodha diyA aura una mRtaprAya nAgayugala para apanI dayA-mamatA ur3ela dii| ve nAgayugala dharaNendra aura padmAvatI ke rUpameM inake bhakta hue| kumAra pArzvakA citta isa prakArake bAlatapa tathA jagatkI viSama hiMsApUrNa paristhitiyoMse virakta ho uThA, ataH isa yuvA kumArane sAdI-vivAhake bandhanameM na ba~dhakara jagatke kalyANake liye yogasAdhanAkA mArga grahaNa kiyaa| pAlI piTakoMmeM buddhakA jo prAk jIvana milatA hai aura chaha varSa taka buddhane jo kRcchra sAdhanAe~ kI thIM usase nizcita hotA hai ki usa kAlameM buddha pArzvanAthakI paramparAke tapayogameM bhI dIkSita hue the| inake cAturyAma saMvarakA ullekha bAra-bAra AtA hai / ahiMsA, satya, acaurya aura aparigraha isa cAturyAma dharmake pravartaka bhagavAn pArzvanAtha the, yaha zvetAmbara Agama granthoMke ullekhoMse bhI spaSTa hai| usa samaya strI parigrahameM * zAmila thI aura usakA tyAga aparigraha vratameM A jAtA thaa| inane bhI ahiMsA Adi mUla tattvoMkA hI upadeza diyaa| antima tIrthakara bhagavAn mahAvIra : isa yugake aMtima tIrthaMkara the bhagavAn mahAvIra / IsAse lagabhaga 600 varSa pUrva inakA janma kuNDagrAmameM huA thaa| vaizAlIke pazcimameM gaNDakI nadI hai| usake pazcima taTapara brAhmaNa kuNDapura, kSatriya kuNDapura, vANijya grAma, karamAra grAma aura kollAka sanniveza jaise aneka upanagara yA zAkhA grAma the| bhagavAn mahAvIrakA janmasthAna vaizAlI mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki kuNDagrAma vaizAlIkA hI upanagara thaa| inake pitA siddhArtha kAzyapa gotriya jJAtRkSatriya the aura ye usa pradezake rAjA the / rAnI trizalAkI kukSise caitra zuklA trayodazIkI rAtrimeM kumAra varddhamAnakA janma huaa| inane apane bAlyakAlameM saMjaya-vijaya ( saMbhavataH saMjaya

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jainadarzana velaTTiputta )ke tattvaviSayaka saMzayakA samAdhAna kiyA thA, isalie loga inheM sanmati bhI kahate the| 30 varSa taka ye kumAra rhe| usa samayakI viSama paristhitine inake cittako svArthase jana-kalyANakI ora pheraa| usa samayakI rAjanItikA AdhAra dharma banA huA thaa| varga-svArthiyoMne dharmakI Ar3ameM dharmagranthoMke havAle de-dekara apane vargake saMrakSaNakI cakkImeM bahusaMkhyaka prajAko pIsa DAlA thaa| Izvarake nAmapara abhijAta varga vizeSa prabhu-sattA lekara hI utpanna hotA thaa| isake janmajAta uccatvakA abhimAna svavargake saMrakSaNa taka hI nahIM phailA thA, kintu zUdra Adi vargoM ke mAnavocita adhikAroMkA apaharaNa kara cukA thA aura yaha saba ho rahA thA dharmake nAmapara / svargalAbhake lie ajamedhase lekara naramedha taka dharmavedI para hote the| jo dharma prANimAtrake sukha-zAnti aura uddhArake lie thA, vahI hiMsA, viSamatA, pratAr3ana aura nirdalanakA astra banA huA thaa| kumAra varddhamAnakA mAnasa isa hiMsA aura viSamatAse honevAlI mAnavatAke utpIr3anase dina-rAta becaina rahatA thaa| ve vyaktikI nirAkulatA aura samAja-zAntikA sarala mArga DhU~r3hanA cAhate the aura cAhate the manuSyamAtrakI samabhUmikA nirmANa krnaa| sarvodayakI isa preraNAne unheM 30 varSakI bharI javAnImeM rAjapATako chor3akara yogasAdhanako ora pravRtta kiyaa| jisa parigrahake arjana, rakSaNa, saMgraha aura bhogake lie vargasvArthiyoMne dharmako rAjanItimeM dAkhila kiyA thA usa parigrahakI bAhara-bhItarakI donoM gA~The kholakara ve parama nirgrantha ho apanI mauna sAdhanAmeM lIna ho gye| 12 varSa taka kaThora sAdhanA karaneke bAda 42 varSakI avasthAmeM inheM kevalajJAna prApta huA / ye vItarAga aura sarvajJa bane / 30 varSa taka inhoMne dharmatIrthakA pravartana kara 72 varSakI avasthAmeM pAvA nagarIse nirvANa lAbha kiyaa| satya eka aura trikAlAbAdhita : nirgrantha nAthaputta bhagavAn mahAvIrako kula-paramparAse yadyapi pArzvanAthake tattvajJAnakI dhArA prApta thI, para ye usa tattvajJAnake mAtra pracAraka nahIM the, kintu apane jIvanameM ahiMsAkI pUrNa sAdhanA karake sarvodaya mArgake nirmAtA the / maiM pahale batA AyA hU~ ki isa karmabhUmimeM Adya tIrthaMkara RSabhadevake bAda teIsa tIrthaGkara aura hue haiM / ye sabhI vItarAgI aura sarvajJa the| inhoMne ahiMsAkI parama jyotise mAnavatAke vikAsakA mArga Alokita kiyA thaa| vyaktikI nirAkulatA aura samAjameM zAnti sthApana karaneke liye jo mUlabhUta tattvajJAna aura satya sAkSAtkAra apekSita hotA hai, usako ye tIrthaGkara yugarUpatA dete haiM / satya trikAlAbAdhita aura

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sAmAnyAvalokana eka hotA hai / usakI AtmA deza, kAla aura upAdhiyoMse pare sadA ekarasa hotI hai / deza aura kAla usakI vyAkhyAoM meM yAnI usake zarIrameM bheda avazya lAte haiM, para usakI mUladhArA sadA ekarasavAhinI hotI hai / isIliye jagat ke asaMkhya zramaNa-santoMne vyaktikI mukti aura jagatkI zAntike liye eka hI prakArake satya - kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai aura vaha vyApaka mUla satya hai 'ahiMsA' / jainadharma aura darzana ke mUla mudde : ahiMsA divya jyoti vicArake kSetrameM anekAntake rUpameM prakaTa hotI hai to vacana vyavahArake kSetrameM syAdvAdake rUpameM jagamagAtI hai aura samAja - zAntike liye aparigraha ke rUpameM sthira AdhAra banatI hai; yAnI AcArameM ahiMsA, vicArameM anekAnta, vANImeM syAdvAda aura samAja meM aparigraha ye ve cAra mahAn stambha haiM, jinapara jainadharmakA sarvodayI bhavya prAsAda khar3A huA hai / yuga-yugameM tIrthaGkaroMne isI prasAdakA jIrNoddhAra kiyA hai aura ise yugAnurUpatA dekara isake samIcIna svarUpako sthira kiyA hai / jagatkA pratyeka sat pratikSaNa parivartita hokara bhI kabhI samUla naSTa nahIM hotA / vaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya isa prakAra trilakSaNa hai / koI bhI padArtha cetana ho yA acetana, isa niyamakA apavAda nahIM hai / yaha 'trilakSaNa pariNAmavAda' jaina- darzana ke maNDapakI AdhArabhUmi hai / isa trilakSaNa pariNAmavAdakI bhUmipara anekAntadRSTi aura syAdvAdapaddhatike khambhoMse jaina- darzanakA toraNa bA~dhA gayA hai / vividha naya, saptabhaGgI, nikSepa Adi isakI jhilamilAtI huI jhAlareM haiM / 7 ? bhagavAn mahAvIrane dharmake kSetrameM mAnava mAtrako samAna adhikAra diye the / jAti, kula, zarIra, AkAra ke baMdhana dharmAdhikArameM bAdhaka nahIM the / dharma AtmA sadguNoM ke vikAsakA nAma hai / sadguNoMke vikAsa arthAt sadAcaraNa dhAraNa karanemeM kisI prakArakA bandhana svIkArya nahIM ho sakatA / rAjanIti vyavahArake liye kaisI bhI cale, kintu dharmakI zItala chAyA pratyekake liye samAna bhAvase sulabha ho, yahI unakI ahiMsA aura samatAkA lakSya thA / isI lakSyaniSThAne dharmake nAmapara kiye.. jAnevAle pazuyajJoMko nirarthaka hI nahIM, anarthaka bhI siddha kara diyA thA / ahiMsAkA jharanA eka bAra hRdayase jaba jharatA hai to vaha manuSyoM taka hI nahIM, prANimAtrake saMrakSaNa aura poSaNa taka jA pahu~catA hai / ahiMsaka santakI pravRtti to itanI 1. "je ya atItA paDuppannA anAgatA ya bhagavaMto arihaMtA te savve eyameva dhammaM" --AcArAMga sU0 /

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jainadarzana svAvalambinI tathA nirdoSa ho jAtI hai ki usameM prANighAtakI kama-se-kama sambhAvanA rahatI hai| jaina zruta: vartamAnameM jo zruta upalabdha ho rahA hai vaha inhIM mahAvIra bhagavAnke dvArA upadiSTa hai| inhoMne jo kucha apanI divya dhvanise kahA usako inake ziSya gaNadharoMne grantharUpameM guuNthaa| arthAgama tIrthaMkaroMkA hotA hai aura zabda-zarIrako racanA gaNadhara karate haiN| vastutaH tIrthaMkaroMkA pravacana dinameM tIna bAra yA cAra bAra hotA thaa| pratyeka pravacanameM kathAnuyoga, dravyacarcA, cAritra-nirUpaNa aura tAttvika vivecana sabhI kucha hotA thaa| yaha to una gaNadharoMkI kuzala paddhati hai, jisase ve unake sarvAtmaka pravacanako dvAdazAMgameM vibhAjita kara dete haiM-caritraviSayaka vArtAe~ AcArAMgameM, kathAMza jJAtRdharmakathA aura upAsakAdhyayana AdimeM, praznottara vyAkhyAprajJapti aura praznavyAkaraNa AdimeM / yaha sahI hai ki jo gAthAe~ aura vAkya donoM paramparAke AgamoMmeM haiM unameM kucha vahI hoM jo bhagavAn mahAvIrake mukhAravindase nikale hoN| jaise samaya-samayapara buddhane jo mArmika gAthAe~ kahIM, unakA saMkalana 'udAna' meM pAyA jAtA hai| aise hI aneka gAthAe~ aura vAkya una prasaMgoMpara jo tIrthaMkaroMne kahe ve saba mUla artha hI nahIM, zabdarUpameM bhI ina gaNadharoMne dvAdazAMgameM gUMthe hoNge| yaha zruta aGgapraviSTa aura aGgabAhya rUpameM vibhAjita hai| aGgapraviSTa zruta hI dvAdazAMga zruta hai| yathA AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakadaza, antakRddaza, anuttaraupapAdikadaza, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra, aura dRSTivAda / dRSTivAda zrutake pA~ca bheda. haiM-parikarma, sUtra, prathamAnuyoga, pUrvagata, aura cUlikA / pUrvagata zrutake caudaha bheda haiM-utpAdapUrva, agrAyaNI, vIryAnupravAda, astinAstipravAda, jJAnapravAda, satyapravAda, AtmapravAda, karmapravAda, pratyAkhyAnapravAda, vidyAnupravAda, kalyANaprabAda, prANAvAya, kriyAvizAla aura lokabindusAra / tIrthaGkaroMke sAkSAt ziSya, buddhi aura Rddhike atizaya nidhAna, zrutakevalI gaNadharoMke dvArA granthabaddha kiyA gayA vaha aGga-pUrvarUpa zruta isalie pramANa hai ki isake mUla vaktA parama acintya kevalajJAnavibhUtivAle parama RSi sarvajJadeva haiN| ArAtIya AcAryoMke dvArA alpamati ziSyoMke anugrahake lie jo dazavaikAlika, uttarAdhyayana Adi rUpameM racA gayA aGgabAhya zruta hai vaha bhI pramANa hai, kyoMki artharUpameM yaha zruta tIrthaGkara praNIta aGgapraviSTase judA nahIM hai| yAnI isa aGgabAhya zrutakI paramparA cUMki aGgapraviSTa zrutase ba~dhI huI hai, ataH usIkI taraha pramANa

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sAmAnyAvalokana hai| jaise kSIrasamudrakA jala ghar3emeM bhara lene para mUlarUpameM vaha samudrajala hI rahatA hai| donoM paraMparAoMkA Agamazruta : vartamAnameM jo Agamazruta zvetAmbara paramparAko mAnya hai usakA aMtima saMskaraNa valabhImeM vIra nirvANa saMvat 980 meM huA thaa| vikramakI 6vIM zatAbdImeM yaha saMkalana devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNane kiyA thaa| isa samaya jo truTitaatruTita Agama-vAkya upalabdha the, unheM pustakArUr3ha kiyA gyaa| unameM aneka parivartana, parivardhana aura saMzodhana hue| eka bAta khAsa dhyAna denekI hai ki mahAvIrake pradhAna gaNadhara gautamake hote hue bhI ina AgamoMkI paramparA dvitIya gaNadhara sudharmA svAmIse jur3I huI hai| jaba ki digambara paramparAke siddhAntagranthoMkA sambandha gautama svAmIse hai| yaha bhI eka vicAraNIya bAta hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA jisa dRSTivAda zrutakA uccheda mAnatI hai usI dRSTivAda zrutake agrAyaNIya aura jJAnapravAda pUrvase SaTkhaMDAgama, mahAbandha, kasAyapAhuDa Adi digambara siddhAnta-granthoMkI racanA huI hai| yAni jisa zrutakA zvetAmbara paramparAmeM lopa huA usa zrutakI dhArA digambara paramparAmeM surakSita hai aura digambara paramparA jisa aGgazrutakA lopa mAnatI hai, usakA saMkalana zvetAmbara paramparAmeM pracalita hai| zrutavicchedakA mUla kAraNa : isa zruta-vicchedakA eka hI kAraNa hai--vastra / mahAvIra svayaM nirvastra parama nirgrantha the, yaha donoM paramparAoMko mAnya hai| unake acelaka-dharmakI saGgati ApavAdika vastrako autsargika mAnakara nahIM baiThAyI jA sktii| jinakalpa Adarza mArga thA, isakI svIkRti zvetAmbara paramparA mAnya dazavaikAlika, AcArAGga AdimeM honepara bhI jaba kisI bhI kAraNase eka bAra ApavAdika vastra ghusa gayA to usakA nikalanA kaThina ho gyaa| jambUsvAmIke bAda zvetAmbara paramparA dvArA 1. "tadetat zrutaM dvibhedamanekabhedaM dvAdazamedamiti / kiMkRto'yaM vizeSaH 1 vaktRvizeSakRtaH / trayo vaktAraH-sarvajJatIrthakaraH itaro vA zrutakevalI, ArAtIyazceti / tatra sarvazena paramarSiNA paramAcintyakevalajJAnavibhUtivizeSeNa arthata Agama updissttH| tasya pratyakSadarzitvAtprakSINadoSatvAcca prAmANyam / tasya sAkSAcchiSyabuddhayatizayaddhiMyuktairgaNadharaiH zrutakevalibhiranusmRtagrantharacanamaGgapUrvalakSaNam tatpramANaM, tatprAmANyAt / ArAtIyaiH punarAcArya: kAladoSAtsaGkSiptAyumatibalaziSyAnugrahArtha dazavaikAlikAdya panibaddham , tatpramANamarthatastadevedamiti kSIrArNavajalaM ghaTagRhItamiva |"--srvaarthsiddhi 1 / 20 /

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jainadarzana jinakalpakA uccheda mAnane se' to digambara zvetAmbara matabhedako pUrA-pUrA bala milA hai / isa matabhedake kAraNa zvetAmbara paramparAmeM vastrake sAtha-hI-sAtha upadhiyoMkI saMkhyA caudaha taka ho gaI / yaha vastra hI zrutavicchedakA mUla kAraNa huA / 10 suprasiddha vidvAn paM0 becaradAsajIne apanI 'jaina sAhityameM vikAra' pustaka ( pRSTa 40 ) meM ThIka hI likhA hai ki- " kisI vaidyane saMgrahaNI ke rogIko davAke rUpameM aphIma sevana karanekI salAha dI thI, kintu roga dUra honepara bhI jaise use afImakI lata par3a jAtI hai aura vaha use nahIM chor3anA cAhatA vaisI hI dazA isa ApavAdika vastra kI huI / " yaha nizcita hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrako kulAmnAyase apane pUrva tIrthaMkara pArzvanAthakI AcAra -paramparA prApta thI / yadi pArzvanAtha svayaM sacela hote aura unakI paramparAmeM sAdhuoMke lie vastrakI svIkRti hotI to mahAvIra svayaM na to nagna digambara rahakara sAdhanA karate aura na nagnatAko sAdhutvakA anivArya aMga mAnakara use vyAvahArika rUpa dete / yaha sambhava hai ki pArzvanAthakI paramparAke sAdhu mRdumArgako svIkAra kara Akhira meM vastra dhAraNa karane lage hoM aura Apa - vAdika vastrako utsarga mArga meM dAkhila karane lage hoM, jisakI pratidhvani uttarAdhyayanake kezIgautama saMvAdameM AI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki aise sAdhuoMkI 'pAsattha' zabda vikatthanA kI gaI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrane jaba sarvaprathama sarvasAvadya yogakA tyAgakara samasta parigrahako chor3a dIkSA lI taba unane lezamAtra bhI parigraha apane pAsa nahIM rakhA thA / ve parama digambara hokara hI apanI sAdhanAmeM lIna hue the / yadi pArzvanAthake siddhAntameM vastrakI guJjAiza hotI aura usakA aparigraha mahAvratase mela hotA to sarvaprathama dIkSAMke samaya hI sAdhaka avasthAmeM na to vastratyAgakI tuka thI aura na AvazyakatA hI / mahAvIrake devadRSyakI kalpanA karake vastrakI anivAryatA aura aucityakI saMgati baiThAnA Adarza-mArgako nIce DhakelanA hai / pArzvanAthake cAturyAmameM aparigrahakI pUrNatA to svIkRta thI hI / isI kAraNase sacelatva samarthaka zrutako digambara paramparAne mAnyatA nahIM dI aura na unakI vAcanAoM meM ve zAmila hue / astu, 1. "maNa - paramohi - pulAe AhAraga-khavaga-uvasame kappe / saMjama tiya- kevala sijjhaNA ya jaMbummi bucchiNNA || 2663 // " - bizeSA0 /

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sAmAnyAvalokana kAla-vibhAga : hameM to yahA~ yaha dekhanA hai ki digambara paramparAke siddhAnta-granthoMmeM aura zvetAmbara paramparAsammata AgamoMmeM jainadarzanake kyA bIja maujUda haiM ? maiM pahile batA AyA hU~ ki - utpAdAditrilakSaNa pariNAmavAda, anekAntadRSTi, syAdvAda bhASA tathA AtmadravyakI svatantra sattA ina cAra mahAn stambhoMpara jainadarzanakA bhavya prAsAda khar3A huA hai / ina cAroMke samarthaka, vivecaka aura vyAkhyA karanevAle pracura ullekha donoM paramparAke AgamoMmeM pAye jAte haiM / hameM jaina dArzanika sAhityakA sAmAnyAvalokana karate samaya Ajataka upalabdha samagra sAhityako dhyAna meM rakhakara hI kAlavibhAga isa prakAra karanA hogA ' / 1 : vi0 6vIM zatI taka 10 vi0 : rI se 8vIM taka 1. siddhAnta - AgamakAla 2. anekAnta-sthApanakAla 3. pramANavyavasthA -yuga 4. navInanyAya-yuga vi0 8vIM se 17vIM taka vi0 18vIM se : : 16 1. siddhAnta - AgamakAla , digambara siddhAnta-granthoMmeM SaTkhaMDAgama, mahAbaMdha kaSAyaprAbhRta aura kundakundAcArya ke paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, samayasAra Adi mukhya haiM / SaTkhaMDAgamake kartA AcArya puSpadanta aura bhUtabali haiM aura kaSAyaprAbhRtake racayitA guNadhara AcArya | AcArya yativRSabhane trilokaprajJapti ( gAthA 66 se 82 ) meM bhagavAn mahAvIrake nirvANake bAdakI AcArya - paramparA aura usakI 683 varSako kAlagaNanA hai / Jain Educationa International 1. yugakA isI prakArakA vibhAjana dArzanikapravara paM0 sukhalAlajIne bhI kiyA hai, jo vivecana ke lie sarvathA upayukta hai / 2. jisa dina bhagavAn mahAvIrako mokSa huA, usI dina gautama gaNadharane kevalajJAna pada pAyA / jaba gautama svAmI siddha ho gaye, taba sudharmA svAmI kevalI hue / sudharmA svAmIke mokSa ho jAneke bAda jambUsvAmI antima kevalI hue / ina ke valiyoMkA kAla 62 varSa hai / inake bAda nandI, nandimitra, aparAjita, govardhana aura bhadrabAhu ye pA~ca zrutakevalI hue| ina pA~coMkA kAla 100 varSa hotA hai| inake bAda vizAkha, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya, nAga, siddhArtha, dhRtisena, vijaya, buddhila, gaMgadeva aura sudharma ye 11 AcArya krama se dazapUrva ke dhAriyoMmeM vikhyAta hue / inakA kAla 183 varSa hai / inake bAda nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena aura kaMsa ye pA~ca AcArya 11 gyAraha aMgake dhArI hue / inake bAda bharata kSetra meM koI 11 aMgakA dhArI nahIM huA / tadanantara subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAhu For Personal and Private Use Only

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jainadarzana isa 683 varSake bAda hI dhavalA aura jayadhavalAke ullekhAnusAra dharasenAcAryako sabhI aMgoM aura pUrvoke eka dezakA jJAna AcArya paramparAse prApta huA thA / kintu nandisaMghakI prAkRta paTTAvalIse isa bAtakA samarthana nahIM hotA / usameM lohAcArya takakA kAla 565 varSa diyA hai / isake bAda eka aMgake dhAriyoMmeM arhadbali, mAghanandi, dharasena, bhUtabali aura puSpadanta ina pA~ca AcAryoM ko ginAkara unakA kAla kramazaH 28, 21, 19, 30 aura 20 varSa diyA hai / isa hisAba se puSpadanta aura bhUtabalikA samaya 683 varSake bhItara hI A jAtA hai / vikrama saMvat 1556 meM likhI gaI bRhat TippaNikA' nAmakI sUcI meM dharasena dvArA vIra nirvANa saMvat 600 meM banAye gaye "joNipAhuDa" granthakA ullekha hai / isase bhI ukta samayakA samarthana hotA hai / yaha smaraNIya hai ki puSpadanta bhUtabali dRSTivAda antargata dvitIya agrAyaNI pUrvase SaTkhaNDAgamakI racanA kI hai aura guNadharAcAryane jJAnapravAda nAmaka pA~caveM pUrvakI dazama vastu-adhikArake antargata tIsare pejja- doSaprAbhRtase kasAyaprAbhRtakI racanA kI hai / ina siddhAnta-granthoM meM jainadarzanake ukta mUla muddoMke sUkSma bIja bikhare hue haiM / sthUla rUpase inakA samaya vIra nirvANa saMvat 614 yAnI vikramakI dUsarI zatAbdI ( vi0 saM0 144 ) aura IsAkI prathama ( san 87 ) zatAbdI siddha hotA hai / 12 yugapradhAna AcArya kundakundakA samaya vikramakI 3rI zatAbdIke bAda to kisI bhI taraha nahIM lAyA jA sakatA; kyoMki marakarAke tAmrapatrameM kunda aura loha ye cAra AcArya AcArAGgake dhArI hue| ye sabhI AcArya zeSa gyAraha aMga aura 14 pUrvake ekadezake jJAtA the / inakA samaya 118 varSa hotA hai arthAt gautama gaNadhara se lekara lohAcArya paryanta kula kAlakA parimANa 683 varSa hotA hai / tIna kevalajJAnI 62 bAsaTha varSa, pA~ca zrutakevalI 100 sau varSa, gyAraha gyAraha aMga aura daza pUrvake dhArI 183 varSa, pA~ca, gyAraha aMgake dhArI 220 varSa, cAra. AcArAMga dhArI 114 varSa, kula 683 varSa / harivaMzapurANa, dhavalA, jayadhavalA, AdipurANa tathA zrutAvatAra AdimeM bhI lohAcArya takake AcAryoMkA kAla yahI 683 varSa diyA gayA hai| dekho, jayadhabalA prathama mAga, prastAvanA pRSTha 47-50 / 1. " yoniprAbhRtam vIrAt 600 dhArasenam " - bRhaTTippaNikA, jaina sA0 saM0 1-2 pariziSTa / 2. dekho, dhavalA prathama bhAga, prastAvanA pRSTha 23 - 30 / 3. dhavalA pra0 bhA0 pra0 pRSTha 35 aura jayadhavalA, prastAvanA pRSTha 64 / 7

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sAmAnyAvalokana kundAnvayake chaha AcAryoMkA ullekha hai| yaha tAmrapatra zakasaMvat 388 meM likhA gayA thaa| una chaha AcAryoMkA samaya yadi 150 varSa bhI mAna liyA jAya to zaka saMvat 238 meM kundakundAnvayake guNanandi AcArya maujUda the| kundakundAnvaya prArambha honekA samaya sthUla rUpase yadi 150 varSa pUrva mAna liyA jAtA hai to lagabhaga vikramakI pahalI aura dUsarI zatAbdI kundakundakA samaya nizcita hotA hai| DaoNkTara upAdhyene inakA samaya vikramakI prathama zatAbdI hI anumAna kiyA hai / AcArya kundakundake paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, niyamasAra aura samayasAra Adi granthoMmeM jainadarzanake ukta cAra muddoMke na kevala bIja hI milate haiM, kintu unakA vistRta vivecana aura sAGgopAGga vyAkhyAna bhI upalabdha hotA hai, jaisA ki isa granthake una-una prakaraNoMse spaSTa hogaa| saptabhaMgI, naya, nizcaya vyavahAra, padArtha, tattva, astikAya Adi sabhI viSayoM para A0 kundakundakI saphala lekhanI calI hai / adhyAtmavAdakA anUThA vivecana to inhIMkI dena hai| zvetAmbara Agama-granthoMmeM bhI ukta cAra muddoMke paryApta bIja yatra-tatra bikhare hue haiN| isake lie vizeSarUpase bhagavatI, sUtrakRtAMga, prajJApanA, rAjapraznIya, nandI, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga aura anuyogadvAra draSTavya haiM / ____ bhagavatIsUtrake aneka praznottaroMmeM naya, pramANa, saptabhaMgI, anekAntavAda Adike dArzanika vicAra haiN| ___ sUtrakRtAMgameM bhUtavAda aura brahmavAdakA nirAkaraNa karake pRthak AtmA tathA usakA nAnAtva siddha kiyA hai| jIva aura zarIrakA pRthak astitva batAkara karma aura karmaphalakI sattA siddha kI hai / jagatko akRtrima aura anAdi-ananta pratiSThita * kiyA hai| tatkAlIna kriyAvAda, akriyAvAda, vinayavAda aura ajJAnavAdakA nirAkaraNa kara viziSTa kriyAvAdakI sthApanA kI gaI hai| prajJApanAmeM jIvake vividha bhAvoMkA nirUpaNa hai / rAjapraznIyameM zramaNa kezIke dvArA rAjA pradezIke nAstikavAdakA nirAkaraNa aneka yuktiyoM aura dRSTAntoMse kiyA gayA hai / nandIsUtra jainadRSTise jJAnacarcA karanevAlI acchI racanA hai| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMgakI racanA bauddhoMke aMguttaranikAyake DhaMgakI hai| ina donoMmeM AtmA, pudgala, jJAna, naya aura pramANa Adi viSayoMkI carcA AI hai| "uppannei vA vigamei vA dhuvei vA" yaha mAtRkA-tripadI sthAnAMgameM ullikhita haiM, jo utpAdA1. dekho, pravacanasArakI prstaavnaa| 2. dekho, jainadArzanika sAhityakA siMhAvalokana, pRSTha 4 /

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14 jainadarzana ditrayAtmakatAke siddhAntakA nirapavAda pratipAdana karatI hai| anuyogadvArameM pramANa aura naya tathA tattvoMkA zabdArthaprakriyApUrvaka acchA varNana hai / tAtparya yaha ki jainadarzanake mukhya stambhoMke na kevala bIja hI, kintu vivecana bhI ina AgamoMmeM milate haiN| pahale maiMne jina cAra muddoMkI carcA kI hai unheM saMkSepameM jJApakatattva yA upAyatattva aura upeyatattva ina do bhAgoMmeM bAMTA jA sakatA hai| sAmAnyAvalokanake isa prakaraNameM ina donoMkI dRSTise bhI jainadarzanakA lekhA-jokhA kara lenA ucita hai| jJApakatattva : siddhAnta-AgamakAlameM mati, zruta, avadhi, manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna ye pA~ca jJAna mukhyatayA jJeyake jAnaneke sAdhana mAne gaye haiN| inake sAtha hI nayoMkA sthAna bhI adhigamake upAyoMmeM hai| Agamika kAlameM jJAnakI satyatA aura asatyatA ( samyaktva aura mithyAtva ) bAhya padArthoMko yathArtha jAnane yA na jAnaneke Upara nirbhara nahIM thii| kintu jo jJAna AtmasaMzodhana aura antataH mokSamArgameM upayogI siddha hote the ve sacce aura jo mokSamArgopayogI nahIM the ve jhUThe kahe jAte the| laukika dRSTise zata-pratizata saccA bhI jJAna yadi mokSamArgopayogI nahIM hai to vaha jhUThA hai aura laukika dRSTise mithyAjJAna bhI yadi mokSamArgopayogI hai to vaha saccA kahA jAtA thaa| isa taraha satyatA aura asatyatAkI kasauTI bAhya padArthoM ke adhIna na hokara mokSamArgopayogitApara nirbhara thii| isI liye samyagdRSTike sabhI jJAna sacce aura mithyAdRSTike sabhI jJAna jhUThe kahalAte the| vaizeSikasUtrameM vidyA aura avidyA zabdake prayoga bahuta kucha isI bhUmikApara haiN| ___ina pA~ca jJAnoMkA pratyakSa aura parokSarUpa meM vibhAjana bhI pUrva yugameM eka bhinna hI AdhArase thaa| vaha AdhAra thA AtmamAtrasApekSatva / arthAt jo jJAna AtmamAtrasApekSa the ve pratyakSa tathA jinameM indriya aura manakI sahAyatA apekSita hotI thI ve parokSa the / lokameM jina indriyajanya jJAnoMko pratyakSa kahate haiM ve jJAna Agamika paramparAmeM parokSa the| kundakunda aura umAsvAti : A0 umAsvAti yA umAsvAmI ( gRddhapiccha )kA tattvArthasUtra jainadharmakA Adi saMskRta sUtragrantha hai| isameM jIva, ajIva Adi sAta tattvoMkA vistArase vivecana hai / jainadarzanake sabhI mukhya mudde isameM sUtrita haiN| inake samayakI uttarAvadhi vikramakI tIsarI zatAbdI hai| inake tattvArthasUtra aura A0 kundakundake pravacana

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sAmAnyAvalokana sArameM jJAnakA pratyakSa aura parokSabhedoMmeM vibhAjana spaSTa honepara bhI unakI satyatA aura asatyatAkA AdhAra tathA laukika pratyakSako parokSa kahanekI paramparA jaisIkI taisI cAlU thii| yadyapi kundakundake paMcAstikAya, pravacanasAra, niyamasAra aura samayasAra grantha tarkagarbha Agamika zailImeM likhe gaye haiM, phira bhI inakI bhUmikA dArzanikakI apekSA AdhyAtmika hI adhika hai| pUjyapAda : ___ zvetAmbara vidvAn tattvArthasUtrake tattvArthAdhigama bhASyako svopajJa mAnate haiM / isameM bhI darzanAntarIya carcAe~ nahIMke barAbara haiN| A0 pUjyapAdane tattvArthasUtrapara sarvArthasiddhi nAmakI sAragarbha TIkA likhI hai| isameM tattvArthake sabhI prameyoMkA vivecana hai| inake iSTopadeza, samAdhitantra Adi grantha AdhyAtmika dRSTise hI likhe gaye haiM / hA~, jainendravyAkaraNakA AdisUtra inane "siddhiranekAntAt" hI banAyA hai / 2. anekAnta-sthApanakAla samantabhadra aura siddhasena : jaba bauddhadarzanameM nAgArjuna, vasubaMdhu, asaMga tathA bauddhanyAyake pitA dignAgakA yuga AyA aura darzanazAstriyoMmeM ina bauddhadArzanikoMke prabala tarkaprahAroMse becainI utpanna ho rahI thI, eka tarahase darzanazAstrake tArkika aMza aura parapakSa khaMDanakA prArambha ho cukA thA, usa samaya jainaparamparAmeM yugapradhAna svAmI samantabhadra aura nyAyAvatArI siddhasenakA udaya huaa| inake sAmane saiddhAntika aura Agamika paribhASAoM aura zabdoMko darzanake caukhaTemeM baiThAnekA mahAna kArya thaa| isa yugameM ..jo dharmasaMsthA prativAdiyoMke AkSepoMkA nirAkaraNa kara svadarzanakI prabhAvanA nahIM kara sakatI thI usakA astitva hI khataremeM thaa| ataH paracakrase rakSA karaneke liye apanA durga svataH saMvRta karaneke mahattvapUrNa kAryakA prArambha ina do mahAn AcAryoMne kiyaa| svAmI samantabhadra prasiddha stutikAra the| inane AptakI stuti karaneke prasaMgase AptamImAMsA, yuktyanuzAsana aura bRhatsvayambhUstotrameM ekAntavAdoMkI AlocanAke sAtha-hI-sAtha anekAntakA sthApana, syAdvAdakA lakSaNa, sunaya-durnayakI vyAkhyA aura anekAntameM anekAnta lagAnekI prakriyA btaaii| inane buddhi aura zabdakI satyatA aura asatyatAkA AdhAra mokSamArgopayogitAkI jagaha bAhyArthakI prApti aura aprAptiko batAyA' / 'svaparAvabhAsaka buddhi pramANa hai' yaha pramANakA lakSaNa sthira 1. AptamI0 zlo0 87 /

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jainadarzana kiyA', tathA ajJAnanivRtti, hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAko pramANakA phala btaayaa| inakA samaya 2rI, 3rI zatAbdI hai / A0 siddhasenane sanmatitarkasUtrameM naya aura anekAntakA gambhIra, vizada aura maulika vivecana to kiyA hI hai, para unakI vizeSatA hai nyAyake avatAra karane kii| inane pramANake svaparAvabhAsaka lakSaNameM 'bAdhavajita' 3 vizeSaNa dekara use vizeSa samRddha kiyA, jJAnakI pramANatA aura pramANatAkA AdhAra mokSamArgopayogitAkI jagaha dharmakItikI taraha 'meyavinizcaya'ko rkhaa| yAnI ina AcAryoMke yugase 'jJAna' dArzanika kSetrameM apanI pramANatA bAhyArthakI prApti yA meyavinizcayase hI sAbita kara sakatA thaa| A0 siddhasenane nyAyAvatArameM pramANake pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| isa pramANatritvavAdako paramparA Age nahIM clii| inane pratyakSa aura anumAna donoMke svArtha aura parArtha bheda kiye haiN| anumAna aura hetukA lakSaNa karake dRSTAnta, dUSaNa Adi parArthAnumAnake samasta parikarakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| pAtrakesarI aura zrIdatta : jaba dignAgane hetukA lakSaNa 'vilakSaNa' sthApita kiyA aura hetuke lakSaNa tathA zAstrArthakI paddhatipara hI zAstrArtha hone lage taba pAtrasvAmI ( pAtrakesarI )ne trilakSaNakadarzana aura zrIdattane jalpanirNaya granthoMmeM hetukA anyathAnupapatti-rUpase ekalakSaNa sthApita kiyA aura 'vAda'kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyaa| 3. pramANavyavasthA-yuga jinabhadra aura akalaMka : A0 jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa ( I0 7vIM sadI ) anekAnta aura naya AdikA vivecana karate haiM tathA pratyeka prameyameM use lagAnekI paddhati bhI batAte haiM / inane laukika indriyapratyakSako, jo abhI taka parokSa kahA jAtA thA aura isake kAraNa loka vyavahArameM asamaMjasatA AtI thI, 'saMvyavahArapratyakSa' saMjJA dI4 / arthAt Agamika paribhASAke anusAra yadyapi indriyanya jJAna parokSa hI hai, para lokavyavahArake nirvAhArtha use saMvyavahArapratyakSa kahA jAtA hai| yaha 'saMvyavahAra' zabda vijJAnavAdI bauddhoMke yahA~ prasiddha rahA hai / bhaTTa akalaMkadeva ( I0 7 vI ) sacamuca jaina pramANazAstrake sajIva pratiSThApaka haiN| inane apane laghIyastraya (kA0 3, 10)meM prathamataH 1. bRhatsvaya0 zlo0 63 / 2. AptamI0 zlo0 102 / 3, nyAyAvatAra0 shlo01| 4, vizeSA0 bhASya gaa065|

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sAmAnyAvalokana pramANake do bheda karake phira pratyakSake spaSTa rUpase mukhyapratyakSa aura sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa ye do bheda kiye haiM / parokSapramANake bhedoMmeM smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agamako avizada jJAna honeke kAraNa sthAna diyaa| isa taraha pramANazAstrakI vyavasthita rUparekhA yahA~se prArambha hotI hai / anuyogadvAra, sthAnAMga aura bhagavatIsUtra meM pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura Agama ina cAra pramANoMkA nirdeza milatA hai / yaha paramparA nyAyasUtrakI hai / tattvArthabhASya meM isa paramparAko 'nayavAdAntareNa' rUpase nirdeza karake bhI isako svaparamparAmeM sthAna nahIM diyA hai aura na uttarakAlIna kisI jaina graMthameM inakA kucha vivaraNa yA nirdeza hI hai / samasta uttarakAlIna jainadArzanikoMne akalaMkadvArA pratiSThApita pramANapaddhatiko hI pallavita aura puSpita karake jaina nyAyodyAnako suvAsita kiyA hai| upAyatattva : upAya tattvoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna naya aura syAdvAdakA hai / naya sApekSa dRSTikA nAmAntara hai / syAdvAda bhASAkA vaha nirdoSa prakAra hai, jisake dvArA anekAntavastuke paripUrNa aura yathArtha rUpake adhika-se-adhika samIpa pahu~cA jA sakatA hai / A0 kundakundake paMcAstikAyameM saptabhaMgIkA hameM spaSTa rUpase ullekha milatA hai / bhagavatIsUtrameM jina aneka bhaMgajAloMkA varNana hai, unameMse prakRta sAta bhaMga bhI chA~Te jA sakate haiM / svAmI samantabhadrakI AptamImAMsA meM isI saptabhaMgIkA aneka dRSTiyoMse vivecana hai / usameM sat-asat, eka-aneka, nitya-anitya, dvaita-advaita, daiva puruSArtha, puNya-pApa Adi aneka prameyoMpara isa saptabhaMgIko lagAyA gayA hai / siddhasena ke sanmatitarka meM anekAnta aura nayakA vizada varNana hai / A0 samantabhadrane 2 "vidheyaM vArya" Adi rUpase sAta prakArake padArtha hI nirUpita kiye haiM / daiva aura puruSArthakA jo vivAda usa samaya dRDhamUla thA usake viSayameM svAmI samantabhadrane spaSTa likhA hai ki na to koI kArya kevala daivase hotA hai aura na kevala puruSArthase / jahA~ buddhipUrvaka prayatna abhAvameM phalaprApti ho vahA~ devakI pradhAnatA mAnanI cAhiye aura puruSArthako gauNa, tathA jahA~ buddhipUrvaka prayatnase kAryasiddhi ho vahA~ puruSArthako pradhAna aura daivako gauNa mAnanA cAhie / isa taraha A0 samantabhadra aura siddhasenane naya, saptabhaMgI, anekAnta Adi jainadarzanake AdhArabhUta padArthoMkA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA hai / inhoMne usa samayake . dekho, jainatarkavArtika prastAvanA pR0 44-48 / * bRhatstraya0 ilo0 118 / 2 Jain Educationa International 17 3. AptamI0 zlo0 91 / For Personal and Private Use Only

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jainadarzana pracalita sabhI vAdoMkA nayadRSTise jainadarzanameM samanvaya kiyA aura sabhI vAdiyoMmeM paraspara vicArasahiSNutA aura samatA lAnekA prayatna kiyaa| isI yugameM nyAyabhASya, yogabhASya aura zAvarabhASya Adi bhASya race gaye haiN| yaha yuga bhAratIya tarkazAstrake vikAsakA prArambha yuga thaa| isameM sabhI darzana apanI-apanI taiyAriyA~ kara rahe the| apane tarka-zastra painA rahe the| darzana-kSetrameM sabase pahalA AkramaNa bauddhoMkI orase huA, jisake senApati the nAgArjuna aura dignaag| tabhI vaidika dArzanika paramparAmeM nyAyavAtikakAra udyotakara, mImAMsAzlokavAtikakAra kumArilabhaTTa Adine vaidikadarzanake saMrakSaNameM paryApta prayatna kiye / A0 mallavAdine dvAdazAranayacakra granthameM vividha bhaMgoM dvArA jainetara dRSTiyoMke samanvayakA saphala prayatna kiyaa| yaha grantha Aja mUlarUpameM upalabdha nahIM hai| isakI siMhagaNikSamAzramaNakRta vRtti upalabdha hai / isI yugameM sumati, zrIdatta, pAtrasvAmI Adi AcAryoMne jainanyAyake vividha aMgoMpara svatantra aura vyAkhyA granthoMkA nirmANa prArambha kiyaa| . vi0 kI 7 vIM aura 8 vIM zatAbdI darzanazAstrake itihAsameM viplavakA yuga thaa| isa samaya nAlandA vizvavidyAlayake AcArya dharmapAlake ziSya dharmakIrtikA saparivAra udaya huaa| zAstrArthokI dhUma macI huI thii| dharmakItine sadalabala prabala tarkabalase vaidika darzanoMpara pracaMDa prahAra kiye| jainadarzana bhI inake AkSepoMse nahIM bacA thA / yadyapi aneka muddoMmeM jainadarzana aura bauddhadarzana samAnatantrIya the, para kSaNikavAda, nairAtmyavAda, zanyavAda, vijJAnavAda Adi bauddha vAdoMkA dRSTikoNa aikAntika honeke kAraNa donoMmeM spaSTa virodha thA aura isIliye inakA prabala khaMDana jainanyAyake granthoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| dharmakIrtike AkSepoMke uddhArArtha isI samaya prabhAkara, vyomaziva, maMDanamizra, zaMkarAcArya, bhaTTa jayanta, vAcaspatimizra, zAlikanAtha Adi vaidika dArzanikoMkA prAdurbhAva huaa| inhoMne vaidikadarzanake saMrakSaNake liye bharasaka prayatna kiye| isI saMgharSayugameM jainanyAyake prasthApaka do mahAn AcArya hue| ve haiM akalaMka aura haribhadra / inake bauddhoMse jamakara zAstrArtha hue| inake granthoMkA bahubhAga bauddhadarzanake khaMDanase bharA huA hai| dharmakItike pramANavArtika aura pramANavinizcaya AdikA khaMDana akalaMkake siddhivinizcaya, nyAyavinizcaya, pramANasaMgraha aura aSTazatI Adi prakaraNoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai / haribhadra ke zAstravArtAsamuccaya, anekAntajayapatAkA aura anekAntavAdapraveza AdimeM bauddhadarzanakI prakhara AlocanA hai| eka bAta vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jahA~ vaidikadarzanake granthoMmeM itara matoMkA mAtra khaMDana hI khaMDana hai vahA~ jainadarzanagranthoMmeM itara matoMkA naya aura syAdvAda-paddhatise viziSTa samanvaya bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa

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sAmAnyAvalokana taraha mAnasa ahiMsAkI usI udAra dRSTikA paripoSaNa kiyA gayA hai| haribhadrake zAstravArtAsamuccaya, SaDdarzanasamuccaya aura dharmasaMgrahaNI Adi isake viziSTa udAharaNa haiN| yahA~ yaha likhanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki cArvAka, naiyAyika, vaizeSika, sAMkhya aura mImAMsaka Adi matoMke khaMDanameM dharmakIrtine jo athaka zrama kiyA hai usase ina AcAryoMkA ukta matoMke khaMDanakA kArya bahuta kucha sarala bana gayA thaa| jaba dharmakItike ziSya devendra mati, prajJAkaragapta, karNakagomi, zAMtarakSita aura arcaTa Adi apane pramANavAtikaTIkA, pramANavAtikAlaMkAra, pramANavArtikasvavRttiTIkA, tattvasaMgraha, vAdanyAyaTIkA aura hetubinduTIkA Adi grantha raca cuke aura inameM kumArila, Izvarasena aura maMDanamizra Adike matoMkA khaMDana kara cuke tathA vAcaspati, jayanta Adi usa khaMDanoddhArake kAryameM vyasta the taba isI yugameM anantavIryane bauddhadarzanake khaMDanameM siddhi nizcayaTIkA bnaaii| AcArya siddhasenake sanmatisUtra aura akalaMkadevake siddhivinizcayako jainadarzanaprabhAvaka granthoMmeM sthAna prAta hai / A0 vidyAnandane tattvArthazlokavArtika, aSTasahasrI, AptaparIkSA, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, satyazAsanaparIkSA aura yuktyanuzAsanaTIkA jaise jainanyAyake mUrdhanya granthoMko banAkara apanA nAma sArthaka kiyaa| isI samaya udayanAcArya, bhaTTa zrIdhara Adi vaidika dArzanikoMne vAcaspati mizrake avaziSTa kAryako pUrA kiyaa| yaha yuga vikramakI 8vIM, 9vIM sadIkA thaa| isI samaya AcArya mANikyanaMdine parIkSAmukhasUtrakI racanA kI / yaha jaina nyAyakA Adya sUtragrantha hai jo Ageke sUtragranthoMke liye AdhArabhUta Adarza siddha huaa| - vi0 ko dasavIM sadI meM A0 siddharSisUrine nyAyAvatArapara TIkA rcii| vi0 11-12 vIM sadIko eka prakArase jainadarzanakA madhyAhnottara samajhanA cAhie / isameM vAdirAjamUrine nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa aura prabhAcandra ne prameyakamalamArtaNDa tathA nyAyakumudacandra jaise bRhatkAya TIkAgranthoMkA nirmANa kiyA / zAntisUrikA jainatarkavArtika, abhayadevasUrikI sanmatitarkaTIkA, jinezvarasUrikA pramANalakSaNa, anantavIryakI prameyaratnamAlA, hemacandrasUrikI pramANamImAMsA, vAdidevasUrikA pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra aura syAdvAdaratnAkara, candraprabhasUrikA prameyaratnakoSa, municandra sUrikA anekAntajayapatAkAkA TippaNa Adi grantha isI yugakI kRtiyA~ haiN| terahavIM zatAbdI meM malayagiri AcArya eka samartha TIkAkAra hue| isI yugameM malliSeNakI syAdvAdamaMjarI, ratnaprabhasUrikI ratnAkarAvatArikA, candrasenakI utpAdAdisiddhi, rAmacandra guNacandrakA dravyAlaMkAra Adi grantha likhe gye|

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20 jainadarzana 14vIM sadImeM somatilakakI SaDdarzanasamuccayaTIkA, 15vIM sadImeM guNaratnakI SaDdarzanasamuccayabRhadvRtti, rAjazekharakI syAdvAdakalikA Adi, bhAvasena vidyadevakA vizvatattvaprakAza Adi mahattvapUrNa grantha likhe gye| dharmabhUSaNakI nyAyadIpikA bhI isI yugakI mahattvakI kRti hai / 4. navIna nyAyayuga vikramakI terahavIM sadImeM gaMgezopAdhyAyane navyanyAyakI nIMva DAlI aura pramANa-prameyako avacchedakAvacchinnakI bhASAmeM jakar3a diyaa| satrahavIM zatAbdImeM upAdhyAya yazovijayajIne navyanyAyakI pariSkRta zailImeM khaMDana-khaMDakhAdya Adi aneka granthoMkA nirmANa kiyA aura usa yuga takake vicAroMkA samanvaya tathA unheM navyaDhaMgase pariSkRta karanekA Adya aura mahAn prayatna kiyaa| vimaladAsakI saptabhaMgitaraMgiNI navya zailIkI akelI aura anUThI racanA hai| aThArahavIM sadImeM yazasvatasAgarane saptapadArthI Adi granthoMkI racanA kii| .. akalaMkadevake pratiSThApita pramANazAstrapara anekoM vidvacchiromaNi AcAryone grantha likhakara jainadarzanake vikAsameM jo bhagIratha prayatna kiye haiM unakI yaha eka jhalaka mAtra hai| isI taraha upeyake utpAdAditrayAtmaka svarUpa tathA AtmAke svatantra tathA aneka dravyatvakI siddhi ukta AcAryoMke granthoMmeM barAbara pAI jAtI hai| upasaMhAra mUlataH jainadharma AcArapradhAna hai| isameM tattvajJAnakA upayoga bhI AcArazuddhike lie hI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki tarka jaise zuSka zAstrakA upayoga bhI jainAcAryoMne samanvaya aura samatAke sthApanameM kiyA hai / dArzanika kaTAkaTIke yugameM bhI isa prakArako samatA aura udAratA tathA ekatAke liye prayojaka samanvayadRSTikA kAyama rakhanA ahiMsAke pujAriyoMkA hI kArya thaa| syAdvAdake svarUpa tathA usake prayogakI vidhiyoMke vivecanameM hI jainAcAryoMne aneka grantha likhe haiN| isa taraha dArzanika ekatA sthApita karanemeM jainadarzanakA akelA aura sthAyI prayatna rahA hai / isa jaisI udAra sUktiyA~ anyatra kama milatI haiM / yathA "bhavabIjAGkarajananA rAgAdyAHkSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNuvA haro jino vA namastasmai ||"-hemcndr / .

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sAmAnyAvalokana arthAt jisake saMsArako puSTa karanevAle rAgAdi doSa vinaSTa ho gaye haiM, cAhe vaha brahmA ho, viSNu ho, ziva ho, yA jina ho use namaskAra hai / 'pakSapAto na me vore na dveSaH kpilaadissu| yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH ||"-loktttvnirnny / arthAt mujhe mahAvIrase rAga nahIM hai aura na kapila Adise dveSa / jisake bhI vacana yuktiyukta hoM, usakI zaraNa jAnA cAhiye /

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2. viSaya praveza darzanakI udbhUti: / bhArata dharmapradhAna deza hai isane sadAse 'maiM' aura 'vizva' tathA unake paraspara sambandhako lekara cintana aura manana kiyA hai / draSTA RSiyoMne aihika cintAse mukta ho usa Atmatattvake gaveSaNameM apanI zakti lagAI hai jisakI dhurIpara yaha saMsAracakra ghUmatA hai / manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai / vaha akelA nahIM raha sakatA / use apane AsapAsake prANiyoMse sambandha sthApita karanA hI par3atA hai / AtmasAdhanA ke lie bhI cAroM orake vAtAvaraNakI zAnti apekSita hotI hai / vyakti cAhatA hai ki maiM svayaM nirAkula kaise hoU~ ? rAga-dveSa Adi dvandvoMse pare hokara nirdvandva dazAmeM kisa prakAra pahu~ceM ? aura samAja tathA vizva meM sukha-zAntikA rAja kaise ho ? inhIM do cintAoMmeMse samAja racanAke aneka prayoga niSpanna hue tathA hote jA rahe haiM / vyaktikI nirAkula honekI prabala icchAne yaha socaneko bAdhya kiyA ki Akhira 'vyakti' hai kyA ? yaha janma se maraNa taka calanevAlA bhautika piNDa hI hai yA mRtyuke bAda bhI isakA svatantra rUpase astitva raha jAtA hai ? upaniSad ke RSiyoM ko jaba Atmatattva ke vivAda ke bAda sonA, gAyeM aura dAsiyoMkA parigraha karate hue dekhate haiM taba aisA lagatA hai ki yaha Atma-carcA kyA kevala laukika pratiSThAkA sAdhanamAtra hI hai ? kyA isIliye buddhane AtmAke punarjanmako 'avyAkaraNIya' batAyA ? ye saba aise prazna haiM jinane 'AtmajijJAsA' utpanna qI aura jIvana-saMgharSane sAmAjika - racanA ke AdhArabhUta tattvoMkI khojakI ora pravRtta kiyA / punarjanmako aneka ghaTanAoMne kautUhala utpanna kiye / antataH bhAratIya, darzana Atmatattva, punarjanma aura usakI prakriyAke vivecanameM pravRtta hue / bauddhadarzana meM AtmAkI abhautikatAkA samarthana tathA zAstrArtha pIche Aye avazya, para mUlameM buddhane isake svarUpake sambandhameM mauna hI rkhaa| isakA vivecana unane do 'na' ke sahAre kiyA aura kahA ki AtmA na to bhautika hai aura na zAzvata hI hai / na vaha bhUtapiNDakI taraha ucchinna hotA hai aura na upaniSadvAdiyoMke anusAra zAzvata hokara sadA kAla eka rahatA hai| phira hai kyA ? isako unane anupayogI ( isakA jAnanA na nirvANake lie Avazyaka hai aura na brahmacaryake lie hI ) kahakara TAla diyA / anya bhAratIya darzana 'AtmA' ke svarUpake sambandhameM cupa nahIM rahe, kintu unhoMne apane-apane graMthoMmeM itara matakA nirAsa karake paryApta

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viSaya praveza UhApoha kiyA hai| unake lie yaha mUlabhUta samasyA thI, jisake Upara bhAratIya cintana aura sAdhanAkA mahAprAsAda khar3A hotA hai| isa taraha saMkSepameM dekhA jAya to bhAratIya darzanoMkI cintana aura mananakI dhurI 'AtmA aura vizvakA svarUpa' hI rahI hai / isIkA zravaNa, darzana, manana, cintana aura nididhyAsana jIvanake antima lakSya the| darzana zabda kA artha : sAdhAraNatayA darzanakA moTA aura spaSTa artha hai sAkSAtkAra karanA, pratyakSajJAnase kisI vastukA nirNaya karanA / yadi darzanakA yahI artha hai to darzanoMmeM tIna aura chahakI taraha paraspara virodha kyoM hai ? pratyakSa darzanase jina padArthokA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai unameM virodha, vivAda yA matabhedakI guJjAiza nahIM rhtii| AjakA vijJAna isIlie prAyaH nirvivAda aura sarvamatise satyapara pratiSThita mAnA jAtA hai ki usake prayogAMza kevala dimAgI na hokara prayogazAlAoMmeM pratyakSajJAna yA tanmUlaka avyabhicArI kAryakAraNabhAvakI dRr3ha bhittipara Azrita hote haiM / 'hAiDrojana aura oNksijana milakara jala banatA hai' isameM matabheda tabhI taka calatA hai jabataka prayogazAlAmeM donoMko milAkara jala nahIM banA diyA jaataa| jaba darzanoMmeM paga-paga para pUrva pazcima jaisA virodha vidyamAna hai taba svabhAvataH jijJAsuko yaha sandeha hotA hai ki-darzana zabdakA sacamuca sAkSAtkAra artha hai yA nahIM ? yA yadi yahI artha hai to vastuke pUrNa rUpa kA vaha darzana hai yA nahIM ? yadi vastuke pUrNa svarUpakA darzana bhI huA ho to usake varNanakI prakriyAmeM antara hai kyA ? darzanoMke paraspara virodhakA koI-na-koI aisA hI hetu honA cAhiye / pUra na jAiye, sarvathA aura sarvataH sannikaTa aura pratizvAsa anubhavameM AnevAle AtmAke svarUpa para hI darzanakAroMke sAkSAtkArapara vicAra kIjiye / sAMkhya AtmAko kUTastha nitya mAnate haiN| inake matameM AtmA sAkSI cetA nirguNa anAdyananta avikArI aura nitya tattva hai| bauddha ThIka isake viparIta pratikSaNa parivartanazIla cittakSaNarUpa hI AtmA mAnate haiN| naiyAyika-vaizeSika parivartana to mAnate hai, para vaha parivartana bhinna guNa tathA kriyA taka hI sImita hai, AtmAmeM usakA asara nahIM hotaa| mImAMsakane avasthAbhedakRta parivartana svIkAra karake bhI aura una avasthAoMkA dravyase kathaJcit bhedAbheda mAnakara bhI dravyako nitya svIkAra kiyA hai / jainoMne avasthA-paryAyabhedakRta parivartanake mUla AdhAra dravyameM parivartana kAlameM kisI sthAyI aMzako nahIM mAnA, kintu avicchinna paryAyaparamparAke anAdyananta cAlU rahaneko hI dravya mAnA hai| yaha paryAyaparamparA na kabhI vicchinna

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jainadarzana hotI hai aura na ucchinna hI / vedAntI isa jIvako brahmakA prAtibhAsika rUpa mAnatA hai to cArvAka ina sabase bhinna bhUtacatuSTayarUpa hI AtmA svIkAra karata hai-- use AtmAke svatantra tattvake rUpa meM kabhI darzana nahIM hue / yaha to AtmAke svarUpa-darzanakA hAla hai / aba usakI AkRtipara vicAra kareM, to aise hI aneka darzana milate haiM / 'AtmA amUrta yA mUrta hokara bhI vaha itanA sUkSmatama hai ki hameM ina carmacakSuoM se nahIM dikhAI detA' isameM sabhI ekamata haiM / isaliye kucha atIndriyadarzI RSiyoMne apane darzanase batAyA ki AtmA sarvavyApaka hai, to dUsare RSiyoMne usakA aNurUpa se sAkSAtkAra kiyA, vaha vaTabIjake samAna atyanta sUkSma hai yA aMguSThamAtra hai / 'kuchako deharUpa hI AtmA dikhA' to kinhIMko choTe-bar3e deha AkAra saMkoca - vikAsazIla / vicArA jijJAsu aneka pagaDaMDiyoMvAle isa daza para khar3A hokara digbhrAnta ho jAtA hai / vaha yA to darzanazabdake artha meM hI zaMkA karatA hai yA phira darzanakI pUrNatAmeM hI avizvAsa karane lagatA hai / pratyeka darzanakA yahI dAvA hai ki vahI yathArtha aura pUrNa hai / eka ora ye darzana mAnavake manana- tarkako jagAte haiM, para jyoM hI manana- tarka apanI svAbhAvika khurAka mA~gatA hai to " tarko'pratiSThaH " " " tarkApratiSThAnAt " " " naiSA tarkeNa matirapaneyA" jaise bandhanoMse usakA mu~ha banda kiyA jAtA hai / 'tarkase kucha nahIM ho sakatA' ityAdi tarkanairAzyakA pracAra bhI isI paramparAkA kArya hai / jaba indriyagamya padArthoM meM tarkakI AvazyakatA nahIM aura upayogitA bhI nahIM hai tathA atIndriya padArthoM meM usakI niHsAratA evaM akSamatA hai to phira usakA kSetra kyA bacatA hai ? AcArya haribhadra tarkakI asamarthatA bahuta spaSTa rUpase batAte haiM 12 24 "jJAyeran hetuvAdena padArthA yadyatIndriyAH / kAlenaitAvatA teSAM kRtaH syAdarthanirNayaH / / " - yoga dRSTisa0 145 / arthAt -- yadi hetuvAda -- tarkake dvArA atIndriya padArthoMkA nizcaya karanA zakya hotA to Aja taka bar3e-bar3e tarkamanISI hue, ve ina padArthoMkA nirNaya abhI taka kara cuke hote / parantu atIndriya padArthoMke svarUpakI pahelI pahale se bhI adhika ulajhI hai / usa vijJAnakI jaya mAnanA cAhiye jisane bhautika padArthoMkI atIndriyatA bahuta hada taka samApta kara dI hai aura usakA phaisalA apanI prayogazAlAmeM kara DAlA hai / 1. mahAbhArata vanaparva 313 / 110 / 3. kaThopaniSat 2|9| Jain Educationa International 2. brahmasU0 2 / 1 / 11 / For Personal and Private Use Only

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viSaya praveza darzanakA artha nirvikalpaka nahIM : bauddha paramparAmeM darzana zabda nirvikalpaka pratyakSake artha meM vyavahRta hotA hai / isake dvArA yadyapi yathArtha vastuke sabhI dharmokA anubhava ho jAtA hai, akhaMDabhAvase pUrI vastu isakA viSaya bana jAtI hai, para nizcaya nahIM hotA - usameM saMketAnusArI zabda - prayoga nahIM hotA / isaliye una una aMzoMke nizcayake liye vikalpajJAna tathA anumAnakI pravRtti hotI hai / isa nirvikalpaka pratyakSake dvArA vastukA jo svarUpa anubhava meM AtA hai vaha vastutaH zabdoM ke agocara hai / zabda vahA~ taka nahIM pahu~ca sakate / samasta vAcyavAcaka vyavahAra buddhikalpita hai, vaha dimAga taka hI sImita hai / ataH isa darzanake dvArA hama vastuko jAna bhI leM to bhI hamAre vacana vyavahArameM nahIM A sakatI / sAdhAraNa rUpase itanA haiM ki nirvikalpaka darzanase vastuke akhaMDa rUpakI kucha jhA~kI zabdoM ke agocara hai | ataH 'darzanazAstra' kA darzana zabda isa 'nirvikalpaka pratyakSa' kI sImA meM nahIM ba~dha sakatA; kyoMki darzanakA sArA phailAva vikalpakSetra aura zabdaprayogakI bhUmi para huA hai / 1. "parivrAT kAmukazunAm ekasyAM pramadAtanau / kuNapaM kAminI bhakSyastisra etA hi kalpanAH // " Jain Educationa International 25 arthakriyA ke liye vastuke nizcayakI AvazyakatA hai / yaha nizcaya vikalparUpa hI hotA hai / jina vikalpoMko vastudarzanakA pRSThabala prApta hai, ve pramANa haiM arthAt jinakA sambandha sAkSAt yA paramparAse vastuke sAtha jur3a sakatA hai ve prApya vastukI dRSTise pramANakoTi meM A jAte haiM / jinheM darzanakA pRSThabala prApta nahIM hai arthAt jo kevala vikalpavAsanAse utpanna hote haiM ve apramANa haiM / ataH yadi darzana zabdako AtmA Adi padArthoMke sAmAnyAvalokana arthameM liyA jAtA hai to matabhedakI guJjAiza kama hai / matabheda to usa sAmAnyAvalokanako vyAkhyA aura nirUpaNa karanemeM haiM / eka sundarIkA zava dekhakara bhikSuko saMsArakI asAra dazAkI bhAvanA hotI hai to kAmIkA mana gudagudAne lagatA hai / kuttA use apanA bhakSya samajha kara prasanna hotA hai / yadyapi ina tInoM kalpanAoMke pIche zavadarzana hai, para vyAkhyAe~ aura kalpanAe~ judI - judI haiM / yadyapi nirvikalpaka darzana vastuke abhAvameM nahIM hotA aura vahI darzana pramANa hai jo arthase utpanna hotA hai / para prazna yaha hai ki kauna darzana padArtha se utpanna huA hai yA padArthakI sattAkA avinAbhAvI hai ? pratyeka darzanakAra yahI kahanekA AdI hai ki - hamAre darzanakAra RSine AtmA AdikA usI prakAra nirmala bodhase sAkSAtkAra kiyA hai jaisA ki unake darzanameM For Personal and Private Use Only vaha usI rUpameM hI samajha sakate milatI hai, jo

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jainadarzana varNita hai| taba yaha nirNaya kaise ho ki- 'amuka darzana vAstavika arthasamudbhUta hai aura amuka darzana mAtra kapolakalpita ?' ataH darzana zabdakI yaha nirvikalpaka rUpa vyAkhyA bhI darzanazAstrake 'darzana' ko apanemeM nahIM bA~dha paatii| darzanako pRSThabhUmi : saMsArakA pratyeka padArtha ananta dharmoMkA akhaMDa maulika piNDa hai| padArthakA virAT svarUpa samagrabhAvase vacanoMke agocara hai| vaha sAmAnya rUpase akhaMDa maulikakI dRSTise jJAnakA viSaya hokara bhI zabdakI daur3a ke bAhara hai| kevalajJAnameM jo vastukA svarUpa jhalakatA hai, usakA anantavA~ bhAga hI zabdake dvArA prajJApanIya hotA hai / aura jitanA zabdake dvArA kahA jAtA hai usakA anantavA~ bhAga zrutanibaddha hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki-zrutanibaddharUpa darzanameM pUrNa vastuke ananta dharmokA samagrabhAvase pratipAdana honA zakya nahIM hai| usa akhaMDa anantadharmavAlI vastuko vibhinna darzanakAra RSiyone apane apane dRSTikoNase dekhane kA prayAsa kiyA hai aura apane dRSTikoNoMko zabdoM meM bA~dhanekA upakrama kiyA hai| jisa prakAra vastuke dharma ananta haiM usI prakAra unake darzaka dRSTikoNa bhI ananta haiM aura pratipAdanake sAdhana zabda bhI ananta hI haiN| jo dRSTiyA~ vastuke svarUpakA AdhAra chor3akara kevala kalpanAlokameM daur3atI haiM, ve vastusparzI na hone ke kAraNa darzanAbhAsa hI haiM, satya nhiiN| jo vastusparza karanevAlI dRSTiyA~ apanese bhinna vastvaMzako grahaNa karanevAle dRSTikoNoMkA samAdara karatI haiM, ve satyonmukha honese satya haiM / jinameM yaha Agraha hai ki mere dvArA dekhA gayA vastukA aMza hI saca hai, anyake dvArA jAnA gayA mithyA hai, ve vastusvarUpase parAGmukha honeke kAraNa mithyA aura visaMvAdinI hotI haiN| isa taraha vastuke anantadharmA svarUpako kendrameM rakhakara usake grAhaka vibhinna 'dRSTikoNa' ke arthameM yadi darzana zabdakA vyavahAra mAnA jAya to vaha kathamapi sArthaka ho sakatA hai / jaba jagatkA pratyeka padArtha satasat, nitya-anitya, eka-aneka Adi paraspara virodhI vibhinna dharmoMkA avirodhI krIr3Asthala hai taba inake grAhaka vibhinna dRSTikoNoMko ApasameM TakarAnekA avasara hI nahIM hai / unheM paraspara usI taraha sadbhAva aura sahiSNutA vartanI cAhiye jisa prakAra unake viSayabhUta anantadharma vastumeM avirodhI bhAvase samAye hue rahate haiN| varzana arthAt bhAvanAtmaka sAkSAtkAra : _____ tAtparya yaha hai ki vibhinna darzanakAra RSiyoMne apane-apane dRSTikoNoMse vastuke svarUpako jAnanekI ceSTA kI hai aura usIkA bAra-bAra manana-cintana aura

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27. viSaya praveza nididhyAsana kiyA hai| jisakA yaha svAbhAvika phala hai ki unheM apanI balavatI bhAvanAke anusAra vastukA vaha svarUpa spaSTa jhalakA aura dikhaa| bhAvanAtmaka sAkSAtkArake balapara bhaktako bhagavAnkA darzana hotA hai, isakI aneka ghaTanAe~ sunI jAtI haiM / zoka yA kAmakI tIvra pariNati hone para mRta iSTajana aura priya kAminIkA spaSTa darzana anubhavakA viSaya hI hai'| kAlidAsakA yakSa apanI bhAvanAke balapara meghako sandezavAhaka banAtA hai aura usameM dUtatvakA spaSTa darzana karatA hai| gosvAmI tulasIdAsako bhakti aura bhagavadguNoMkI prakRSTa bhAvanAke balapara citrakUTameM bhagavAn rAmake darzana avazya hue hoMge / Aja bhaktoMkI anaginata paramparA apanI tIvratama prakRSTa bhAvanAke paripAkase apane ArAdhyakA spaSTa darzana karatI hai, yaha vizeSa sandehakI bAta nhiiN| isa taraha apane lakSya aura dRSTikoNakI prakRSTa bhAvanAse vizvake padArthoMkA spaSTa darzana vibhinna darzanakAra RSiyoMko huA hogaa| yaha niHsandeha hai / ataH isI 'bhAvanAtmaka sAkSAtkAra' ke arthameM 'darzana' zabdakA prayoga huA hai, yaha bAta hRdayako lagatI hai aura sambhava bhI hai| phalitArtha yaha hai ki pratyeka darzanakAra RSine pahile cetana aura jar3ake svarUpa, unakA paraspara sambandha tathA dRzya jagatkI vyavasthAke marmako jAnanekA apanA dRSTikoNa banAyA, pIche usIkI satata cintana aura mananadhArAke paripAkase jo tattvasAkSAtkArakI prakRSTa aura balavatI bhAvanA huI usake vizada aura sphuTa AbhAsase nizcaya kiyA ki unane vizvakA yathArtha darzana kiyA hai to darzanakA mUla udgama 'dRSTikoNa' se huA hai aura usakA antima paripAka hai bhAvanAtmaka saakssaatkaarmeN| darzana arthAt dRr3ha pratIti : prajJAcakSu paM0 sukhalAlajIne nyAyakumudacandra dvi0 bhAgake prAkkathanameM darzana zabdakA 'sabala pratIti' artha kiyA hai| 'samyagdarzana' meM jo 'darzana' zabda hai usakA artha tattvArthasUtra ( 1 / 2 ), meM 'zraddhAna' kiyA gayA hai / tattvoMkI dRr3ha zraddhAko hI samyagdarzana kahate haiM / isa arthase jisakI jisa tattvapara dRr3ha zraddhA ho arthAt aTUTa vizvAsa ho vahI usakA darzana hai| yaha artha aura bhI hRdayagrAhI hai; kyoMki pratyeka darzanakAra RSiko apane dRSTikoNa para dRr3hatama vizvAsa thA hii| vizvAsakI bhUmikAe~ vibhinna hotI hI haiN| jaba darzana isa taraha vizvAsakI bhUmikA para pratiSThita huA to usameM matabheda honA svAbhAvika hI hai| isI matabhedake kAraNa 'muNDe-muNDe matibhinnA' mUrtarUpameM aneka darzanoMkI sRSTi huii| 1. "kAmazokabhayonmAdacaurasvapnAdya paplutAH / abhUtAnapi pazyanti purato'vasthitAniva ||"-prmaannvaa0 2 / 282 //

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28 jainadarzana darzanoMne vizvAsakI bhUmipara utpanna hokara bhI apanemeM pUrNatA aura sAkSAtkArakA rUpaka liyA tathA aneka aparihArya vivAdoMko janma diyaa| zAsanaprabhAvanAke nAmapara inhIM matavAdoMke samarthanake lie zAstrArtha hue, saMgharSa hue aura darzanazAstrake itihAsake pRSTha raktaraJjita kiye gye| ___ sabhI darzana vizvAsakI urvara-bhUmimeM panapakara bhI apane praNetAoMmeM sAkSAtkAra aura pUrNa jJAnakI bhAvanAko phailAte rhe| phalataH jijJAsukI jijJAsA sandehake caurAhepara pahu~cakara bhaTaka gii| darzanoMne jijJAsuko satyasAkSAtkAra yA tattvanirNayakA bharosA to diyA, para antataH usake hAthameM ananta tarkajAlake phalasvarUpa sandeha hI pdd'aa| jaina dRSTikoNase darzana arthAt naya : ___jainadarzanameM prameyake adhigamake upAyoMmeM 'pramANa ke sAtha-hI-sAtha 'naya'ko bhI sthAna diyA gayA hai| 'naya' pramANake dvArA gRhIta vastuke aMzako viSaya karanevAlA jJAtAkA abhiprAya kahalAtA hai| jJAtA pramANake dvArA vastukA rUpa akhaNDabhAvase jAnatA hai, phira use vyavahArameM lAneke liye usameM zabdayojanAke upayukta vibhAga karatA hai / aura eka-eka aMzako jAnanevAle abhiprAyoMko sRSTi karake unheM vyavahAropayogI zabdoMke dvArA vyavahArameM lAtA hai| kucha nayoMmeM padArthakA prAthamika AdhAra rahanepara bhI Age vaktAkA abhiprAya bhI zAmila hotA hai aura usI abhiprAyake anusAra padArthako dekhanekI ceSTA kI jAtI hai| ataH sabhI nayoMkA yathArtha vastukI sImAmeM hI vicaraNa karanA Avazyaka nahIM raha jaataa| ve abhiprAyaloka aura zabdalokameM bhI yatheccha vicarate haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki pUrNajJAnake dvArA jo vastu jAnI jAtI hai, vaha vyavahAra taka Ate-Ate zabdasaMketa aura abhiprAyase milakara paryApta raMgIna bana jAtI hai| darzana isI prakriyAkI eka abhiprAya bhUmivAlI pratipAdana aura dekhanekI zailI hai, jo eka hada taka vastulakSyI hokara bhI vizeSa rUpase abhiprAya arthAt dRSTikoNake nirdezAnusAra Age bar3hatI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki darzanoM meM abhiprAya aura dRSTikoNake bhedase asaMkhya bheda ho jAte haiN| isa taraha nayake arthameM bhI darzanakA prayoga eka hada taka ThIka baiThatA hai| __ina nayoMke tIna vibhAga kiye gaye haiM-jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya / jJAnanaya arthakI cintA nahIM karake saMkalpamAtrako grahaNa karatA hai aura yaha vicAra yA kalpanAlokameM vicaratA hai| arthanayameM saMgrahanayakI maryAdAkA prArambha to arthase hotA hai para vaha Age vastuke maulika sattvakI maryAdAko lAMghakara kAlpanika

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viSaya praveza abheda taka jA pahu~catA hai / saMgrahanaya jaba taka dravyakI do paryAyoMmeM abhedako viSaya karatA hai yAnI vaha eka dravyagata abhedakI sImAmeM rahatA hai taba taka usakI vastu sambaddhatA hai| para jaba vaha do dravyoMmeM sAdRzamUlaka abhedako viSaya kara Age bar3hatA hai taba usakI vastumUlakatA pichar3a jAtI hai| yadyapi ekakA dUsaremeM sAdRzya bhI vastugata hI hai para usakI sthiti paryAyakI taraha sarvathA paranirapekSa nahIM hai| usakI abhivyaMjanA parasApekSa hotI hai / jaba yaha saMgraha 'para' avasthAmeM pahu~ca kara 'sat' rUpase sakala dravyAta eka abhedako 'sat' isa dRSTikoNase grahaNa karatA hai taba usakI kalpanA carama chora para pahu~ca to jAtI hai, para isameM dravyoMkI maulika sthiti dhuMdhalI par3a jAtI hai| isI bhayase jainAcAryoMne nayake sunaya aura durnaya ye do vibhAga kara diye haiM / jo naya apane abhiprAyako mukhya banAkara bhI nayAntarake abhiprAyakA niSedha nahIM karatA vaha sunaya hai aura jo nayAntarakA nirAkaraNa kara nirapekSa rAjya karanA cAhatA hai vaha durnaya hai / sunaya sApekSa hotA hai aura dunaMya nirapekSa / isIliye sunayake abhiprAyakI daur3a usa sAdRzyamUlaka carama abheda taka ho jAne para bhI, cUMki vaha paramArthasat bhedakA niSedha nahIM karatA, usakI apekSA rakhatA hai, aura usakI vastusthitiko svIkAra karatA hai, isaliye sunaya kahalAtA hai| kintu jo naya apane hI abhiprAya aura dRSTikoNakI satyatAko vastuke pUrNarUpapara lAdakara apane sAthI anya nayoMkA tiraskAra karatA hai, unase nirapekSa rahatA hai aura unakI vastusthitikA pratiSedha karatA hai vaha 'durnaya' hai; kyoMki vastusthiti aisI hai hI nahIM / vastu to guNadharma yA paryAyake rUpameM pratyeka nayake viSayabhUta abhiprAyako bastvaMza mAna lenekI udAratA rakhatI hai aura apane guNaparyAyavAle vAstavika svarUpa ke sAtha hI anantadharmavAle vyAvahArika svarUpako dhAraNa kiye hue hai| para ye durnaya usakI isa udAratAkA durupayoga kara mAtra apane kalpita dharmako usapara chA denA cAhate haiM / _ 'satya pAyA jAtA hai, banAyA nahIM jaataa|' pramANa satya vastuko pAtA hai, isaliye cupa hai| para kucha naya usI pramANakI aMzagrAhI santAna hokara bhI apanI vAvadUkatAke kAraNa satyako banAnekI ceSTA karate haiM, satyako raMgIna to kara hI dete haiN| jagatke ananta arthoMmeM vacanoMke viSaya honevAle padArtha atyalpa haiN| zabdakI yaha sAmarthya kahA~, jo vaha eka bhI vastuke pUrNa rUpako kaha sake ? kevalajJAna vastuke anantadharmoko jAna bhI le, para zabdake dvArA usakA anantabahubhAga avAcya hI rahatA hai| aura jo anantavA~ bhAga vAcyakoTimeM hai usakA anantavA~ bhAga zabdase

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jainadarzana kahA jAtA hai aura jo zabdoMse kahA jAtA hai vaha saba-kA-saba granthameM nibaddha nahIM ho pAtA / arthAt anabhidheya padArtha anantabahubhAga haiM aura zabdake dvArA prajJApanIya padArtha eka bhAga / prajJApanIya eka bhAgameMse bhI zrutanibaddha anantaekabhAga pramANa haiM, arthAt unase aura bhI kama haiN|' sudarzana aura kudarzana : ____ ataH jaba vastusthitikI anantadharmAtmakatA, zabdakI atyalpa sAmarthya tathA abhiprAyakI vividhatAkA vicAra karate haiM to aise darzanase, jo dRSTikoNa yA abhiprAyakI bhUmipara aMkurita huA hai, vastusthiti taka pahu~caneke lie bar3I sAvadhAnIkI AvazyakatA hai| jisa prakAra nayake sunaya aura dunaya vibhAga, sApekSatA aura nirapekSatAke kAraNa hote haiM usI taraha 'darzana'ke bhI sudarzana aura kudarzana ( darzanAbhAsa ) vibhAga hote haiN| jo darzana arthAt dRSTikoNa vastukI sImAko ullaMghana nahIM karake use pAnekI ceSTA karatA hai, banAnekI nahIM, aura dUsare vastusparzI dRSTikoNa--darzanako bhI ucita sthAna detA hai, usakI apekSA rakhatA hai vaha sudarzana hai aura jo darzana kevala bhAvanA aura vizvAsakI bhUmipara khar3A hokara kalpanAlokameM vicaraNa kara, vastu sImAko lAMghakara bhI vAstavikatAkA daMbha karatA hai, anya vastugrAhI dRSTikoNoMkA tiraskAra kara unakI apekSA nahIM karatA vaha kudarzana hai / darzana apane aise kupUtoMke kAraNa hI mAtra saMdeha aura parIkSAkI koTimeM jA pahu~cA hai| ataH jaina tIrthaMkaroM aura AcAryoMne isa bAtakI satarkatAse ceSTA kI hai ki koI bhI adhigamakA upAya, cAhe vaha pramANa ( pUrNa jJAna ) ho yA naya (aMzagrAhI), satyako pAnekA yatna kare, banAnekA nhiiN| vaha maujUda vastuko mAtra vyAkhyA kara sakatA hai| use apanI maryAdAko samajhate rahanA caahie| vastu to anantaguNa-paryAya aura dharmoMkA piMDa hai| use vibhinna dRSTikoNoMse dekhA jA sakatA hai aura usake svarUpakI ora pahu~canekI ceSTA kI jA sakatI hai / isa prakArake yAvat dRSTikoNa aura vastu taka pahu~caneke samasta prayatna darzana zabdako sImAmeM Ate haiM / darzana eka divya jyoti : vibhinna dezoMmeM Aja taka sahasroM aise jJAnI hue, jinane apane-apane dRSTikoNoMse jagatkI vyAkhyA karanekA prayatna kiyA hai| isIlie darzanakA kSetra 1. "paNNavaNijjA bhAvA aNaMtabhAgo du agabhilappANaM / paNNavaNijjANaM puNa aNaMtabhAgo du sudnnivddho||" -go0 jIvakANDa gA0 333 /

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viSaya praveza suvizAla hai aura aba bhI usameM usI taraha phailanekI guJjAiza hai / kintu jaba yaha darzana matavAda ke jahara se viSAkta ho jAtA hai to vaha apanI atyalpa zaktiko bhUlakara mAnavajAti ke mArgadarzanakA kArya to kara hI nahIM pAtA, ulTA use patanakI ora le jAkara hiMsA aura saMgharSakA sraSTA bana jAtA hai / ataH dArzanikoMke hAthameM yaha vaha prajvalita dIpaka diyA gayA hai, jisase ve cAheM to ajJAna - andhakArako haTAkara jagat meM prakAzakI jyoti jalA sakate haiM aura cAheM to usase matavAdakI agni prajvalita kara hiMsA aura vinAzakA dRzya upasthita kara sakate haiM / darzanakA itihAsa donoM prakAra ke udAharaNoMse bharA par3A hai, para usameM jyotike pRSTha kama haiM, vinAzake adhika / hama dRr3ha vizvAsake sAtha yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jainadarzanane jyotike pRSTa kAhI prayatna kiyA hai| usane darzanAntaroMke samanvayakA mArga nikAlakara unakA apanI jagaha samAdara bhI kiyA hai / AgrahI ' - matavAdakI madirA se bebhAna huA kudArzanika, jahA~ jaisA usakA abhiprAya yA mata bana cukA hai vahA~ yuktiko khIMcane kI ceSTA karatA hai, para saccA dArzanika jahA~ yukti jAtI arthAt jo yuktisiddha ho pAtA hai usake anusAra apanA mata banAtA hai / saMkSepameM sudArzanikakA nArA hotA hai - 'satya so merA' aura kudArzanikakA hallA hotA hai'jo merA so satya' / jainadarzana meM samanvayake jitane aura jaise udAharaNa mila sakate haiM, ve anyatra durlabha haiM / . bhAratIya darzanoMkA antima lakSya : bhAratake samasta darzana cAhe ve vaidika hoM yA avaidika, mokSa arthAt dukha:nivRtti ke lie apanA vicAra prArambha karate haiM / Adhibhautika, AdhyAtmika aura for duHkha pratyeka prANIko nyUnAdhika rUpameM nitya hI anubhavameM Ate haiM / jaba koI santa yA vicAraka ina duHkhoMkI nivRttikA koI mArga batAnekA dAvA karatA hai, to samajhadAra varga use sunane aura samajhane ke lie jAgarUka hotA hai / pratyeka matameM du:khanivRtti ke lie tyAga aura saMyamakA upadeza diyA hai, aura 'tattvajJAnase mukti hotI hai, isa bAta meM prAyaH sabhI ekamata haiM / sAMkhyakArikA meM "duHkhatrayake abhighAta se santapta yaha prANI duHkha - nAzake upAyoMko jAnanekI icchA karatA hai / " jo yaha bhUmikA bAMdhI gaI hai, vahI bhUmikA prAyaH sabhI bhAratIya darzanoMkI hai | duHkhanivRttike bAda ' svasvarUpasthiti hI mukti hai' isameM bhI kisIko 1. " AgrahI bata ninISati yukti tatra yaMtra matirasya niviSTA / pakSapAtarahitasya tu yuktiryatra tatra matireti nivezam ||" - haribhadra | 3 " duHkhatrayAbhighAtAjjijJAsA tadapaghAtake hetau / " - sAMkhyakA0 1 / Jain Educationa International 31 For Personal and Private Use Only

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jainadarzana vivAda nahIM hai| ataH mokSa, mokSake kAraNa, duHkha aura duHkhake kAraNoMkI khoja karanA bhAratIya darzanakAra RSiko atyAvazyaka thaa| cikitsAzAstrakI pravRtti roga, nidAna, Arogya aura oSadhi isa caturdUhako lekara hI huI hai| buddhake' tattvajJAnake AdhAra to 'duHkha, samudaya, nirodha aura mArga' ye cAra Aryasatya hI haiN| jaina tattvajJAnameM mumukSuko avazya-jJAtavya jo sAta tattva ginAye haiM 2, unameM bandha, bandhake kAraNa ( Asrava ), mokSa aura mokSake kAraNa ( saMvara aura nirjarA ) inhIMkA pramukhatAse vistAra kiyA gayA hai| jIva aura ajIvakA jJAna to AsravAdike AdhAra jAnaneke lie hai| tAtparya yaha hai ki samasta bhAratIya cintanakI dizA duHkhanivRttike upAya khojaneko ora rahI hai aura nyUnAdhikarUpase sabhI cintakoMne isameM apane-apane DhaMgase saphalatA bhI pAI hai| ___ tattvajJAna jaba muktike sAdhanake rUpameM pratiSThita huA aura "Rte jJAnAt na maktiH" jaise jIvanasUtroMkA pracAra huA taba tattvajJAnakI prAptikA upAya tathA tattvake svarUpake sambandhameM bhI aneka prakArakI jijJAsAe~ aura mImAMsAe~ cloN| vaizeSikoMne jJeyakA SaT padArthake rUpameM vibhAjana kara unakA tattvajJAna upAsanIya batAyA to naiyAyikoMne pramANa, prameya Adi solaha padArthoke tattvajJAna para jora diyaa| sAMkhyoMne prakRti aura puruSake tattvajJAnase mukti batAI, to bauddhoMne muktike lie nairAtmyajJAna Avazyaka smjhaa| vedAntameM brahmajJAnase mukti hotI hai, to jainadarzanameM sAta tattvoMkA samyagjJAna mokSakI kAraNasAmagrImeM ginAyA gayA hai| pazcimI darzanoMkA udgama kevala kautuka aura Azcaryase hotA hai, aura usakA phailAva dimAgI vyAyAma aura buddhiraMjana taka hI sImita hai| kautukakI zAnti honeke bAda yA usakI apane DhaMgakI vyAkhyA kara lene ke bAda pAzcAtya darzanoMkA 1. "satyAnyuktAni catvAri duHkhaM smudystthaa| nirodho mArga rateSAM yathAbhisamayaM kramaH"-abhidharmako0 6 / 2 |-dhrmsN0 605 / 2. "jIvAjIvAtravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam |"-tttvaarthsuutr 1 / 4 / 3. "dharmavizeSa prasUtAt dravyaguNakarmasAmAnyavizeSasamavAyAnAM padArthAnAM sAdharmyavaidhAbhyAM tattvajJAnAnniHzreyasam |"-vaishe0 sU0 1 / 1 / 4 / / 4. "pramANa-prameya-saMzaya-prayojana-dRSTAnta-siddhAnta-avayava-tarka-nirNaya-vAda-jalpa-vitaNDA-he tvAbhAsa-chala-jAti-nigrahasthAnAnAM tatvajJAnAnniHzreyasAdhigatiH / " -nyAyasUtra 1 / 1 / 1 / 5. sAMkhyakA0 64 / 6. "hetuvirodhinairAtmyadarzanaM tasya bAdhakam |"--prmaannvaa0 11138 /

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viSaya praveza 33 I koI anya mahAn uddezya avaziSTa nahIM raha jAtA / bhAratavarSakI bhaugolika paristhiti ke kAraNa yahA~kI prakRti dhana-dhAnya Adise pUrNa samRddha rahI hai, aura sAdA jIvana, tyAga aura AdhyAtmikatAkI sugandha yahA~ke janajIvanameM vyApta rahI hai / isIlie yahA~ prAgaitihAsika kAlase hI "maiM aura vizva" ke sambandha meM aneka prakArase cintana cAlU rahe haiM, aura Aja taka unakI dhArAe~ avicchinna rUpase pravAhita haiM / pAzcAtya darzanoMkA udgama vikrama pUrva sAtavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa prAcIna yUnAnameM huA thA / isI samaya bhAratavarSa meM upaniSatkA tattvajJAna tathA zramaNa paramparAkA AtmajJAna vikasita thA / mahAvIra aura buddhake samaya yahA~ makkhaligozAla, prakrudha kAtyAyana, pUrNa kazyapa, ajita kezakambali aura saMjaya velaTThiputta jaise aneka tapasvI apanI-apanI vicAradhArAkA pracAra karanevAle maujUda the / yahA~ke darzanakAra prAyaH tyAgI, tapasvI aura RSi hI rahe haiM / yahI kAraNa thA ki janatAne unake upadezoM ko dhyAnase sunA / sAdhAraNatayA usa samayakI janatA kucha camatkAroMse bhI prabhAvita hotI thI, aura jisa tapasvIne thor3A bhI bhUta aura bhaviSya kI bAtoMkA patA batAyA vaha to yahA~ Izvarake avatArake rUpa meM bhI pujA / bhAratavarSa sadAse vicAra aura AcArakI urvarA bhUmi rahA hai / yahA~kI vicAra - dizA bhI AdhyAtmikatAkI ora rahI hai / brahmajJAnakI prAptike lie yahA~ke sAdhaka apanA ghara-dvAra chor3akara aneka prakArake kaSTa sahate hue, kRcchra sAdhanAe~ karate rahe haiM / jJAnIkA sanmAna karanA yahA~kI prakRtimeM hai / do vicAra-dhArAe~ : isa taraha eka dhArA tattvajJAna aura vicArako mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa mAnatI zrI aura vairAgya Adiko usa tattvajJAnakA poSaka | binA viSayanivRttirUpa vairAgya yathArtha jJAnakI prApti durlabha hai aura jJAna prApta ho jAnepara usI jJAnAgnise samasta karmoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai / zramaNadhArAkA sAdhya tattvajJAna nahIM, cAritra thA / isa dhArAmeM vaha tattvajJAna kisI kAmakA nahIM, jo apane jIvanameM anAsaktikI sRSTi na kare / isIlie isa paramparAmeM mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa tattvajJAnase paripuSTa cAritra batAyA gayA hai / niSkarSa yaha hai ki cAhe vairAgya Adike dvArA puSTa tattvajJAna yA tattvajJAnase samRddha cAritra donoM hI pakSa tattvajJAnakI anivArya AvazyakatA samajhate hI the / koI bhI dharma tabataka janatAmeM sthAyI AdhAra nahIM pA sakatA thA jabataka ki usakA apanA tattvajJAna na ho / pazcimameM IsAI dharmakA prabhu Izuke nAmase itanA vyApaka pracAra hote hue bhI tattvajJAnake abhAva meM vaha vahA~ke vaijJAnikoM aura prabuddha prajAkI jijJAsAko parituSTa nahIM kara sakA / 3

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jainadarzana bhAratIya dharmokA apanA darzana avazya rahA hai aura usI sunizcita tattvajJAnakI dhArApara una-una dharmoMkI apanI-apanI AcAra paddhati banI hai / darzanake binA dharma eka sAmAnya naitika niyamoMke sivA koI vizeSa mahattva nahIM rakhatA aura dharmake binA darzana bhI korA vAgjAla hI sAbita hotA hai| isa taraha sAmAnyatayA bhAratIya dharmoMko apane-apane tattvajJAnake pracAra aura prasArake lie apanA-apanA darzana nitAnta apekSaNIya rahA hai / 'jainadarzana' kA vikAsa mAtra tattvajJAnakI bhUmipara na hokara AcArakI bhUmipara huA hai / jIvana-zodhanakI vyaktigata mukti prakriyA aura samAja tathA vizvameM zAnti sthApanakI lokaiSaNAkA mUlamaMtra 'ahiMsA' hI hai / ahiMsAkA nirapavAda aura nirupAdhi pracAra samasta prANiyoMke jIvanako Atmasama samajhe binA ho nahIM sakatA thA / "jaha mama Na piyaM dukhaM jANihi emeva savvajIvANaM" [AcArAMga ] yAnI jaise mujhe duHkha acchA nahIM lagatA usI taraha saMsArake samasta prANiyoM ko samajho | yaha karuNApUrNa vANI ahiMsaka mastiSkase nahIM, hRdayase nikalatI hai | zramaNadhArAkA sArA tattvajJAna yA darzanavistAra jIvanazodhana aura cAritravRddhike lie huA hai / hama pahale batA Aye haiM ki vaidikaparamparAmeM tattvajJAnako muktikA sAdhana mAnA hai, jaba ki zramaNadhArAmeM cAritrako / vaidikaparamparA vairAgya Adise jJAnako puSTa karatI hai, aura vicArazuddhi karake mokSa mAna letI hai, jaba ki zramaNaparamparA kahatI hai, usa jJAna yA vicArakA koI vizeSa mUlya nahIM jo jIvanameM na utare, jisakI suvAsase jIvana suvAsita na ho| korA jJAna yA vicAra dimAgI kasaratase adhika kucha bhI mahattva nahIM rkhtaa| jainaparamparA meM tattvArtha sUtrakA Adi sUtra hai"samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH // - tattvArthasUtra 11 / 34 isameM mokSakA sAkSAt kAraNa cAritra hai, aura samyagdarzana tathA samyagjJAna usa cAritrake paripoSaka / bauddhaparamparAkA aSTAMga mArga bhI cAritrakA hI vistAra hai / tAtparya yaha ki zramaNadhArA meM jJAnakI apekSA cAritrakA hI antima mahattva rahA hai, aura pratyeka vicAra yA jJAnakA upayoga cAritra arthAt Atmazodhana yA jIvanameM sAmaJjasya sthApita karaneke lie kiyA gayA hai / zramaNa-santoMne tapa aura sAdhanA ke dvArA vItarAgatA prApta kI thI aura usI parama vItarAgatA, samatA yA ahiMsAkI pUta jyotiko vizva meM prasArita karaneke lie samasta tattvoMkA sAkSAtkAra 1. samyakdRSTi, samyak saMkalpa, samyakvacana, samyakkarmAnta, samyak AjIva, samyak vyAyAma, samyak smRti aura samyak samAdhi /

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35 viSaya praveza kiyA / inakA sAdhya vicAra nahIM, AcAra thA; jJAna nahIM, cAritra thA; vAgvilAsa yA zAstrArtha nahIM, jIvana-zuddhi aura saMvAda thaa| ahiMsAkA antima artha haijIvamAtrameM, cAhe vaha sthAvara ho yA jaMgama, pazu ho yA manuSya, brAhmaNa ho yA zUdra, gorA ho yA kAlA, etat dezIya ho yA videzI, ina deza, kAla aura zarIrAkArake AvaraNoMse pare hokara samatva darzana krnaa| pratyeka jIva svarUpase caitanya-zaktikA akhaNDa zAzvata AdhAra hai| vaha karmavAsanAke kAraNa bhale hI vRkSa, kIr3A, makor3A, pazu yA manuSya, kisIke bhI zarIroMko kyoM na dhAraNa kare, para usake caitanya-svarUpakA eka bhI aMza naSTa nahIM hotA, karmavAsanAoMse vikRta bhale hI ho jAya / isI taraha manuSya apane deza-kAla Adi nimittoMse gore yA kAle kisI bhI zarIrako dhAraNa kiye ho, apanI vRtti yA karmake anusAra brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya yA zUdra kisI bhI zreNImeM usakI gaNanA vyavahArataH kI jAtI ho, kisI bhI dezameM utpanna huA ho, kisI bhI saMtakA upAsaka ho, vaha una vyAvahArika nimittoMse nisargataH U~ca yA nIca nahIM ho sakatA / mAnavamAtrakI mUlataH samAna sthiti hai / Atmasamatva, vItarAgatva yA ahiMsAke vikAsase hI koI mahAn ho sakatA hai; na ki jagatmeM bhayaMkara viSamatAkA sarjana karanevAle hiMsA aura saMgharSake mUla kAraNa parigrahake saMgrahase / yuga-darzana ? ____ yadyapi yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki ahiMsA yA dayAkI sAdhanAke lie tattvajJAnakI kyA AvazyakatA hai ? manuSya kisI bhI vicArakA kyoM na ho, paraspara sadvyavahAra, sadbhAvanA aura maitrI use samAja-vyavasthAke lie karanI caahie| parantu jarA gaharAIse vicAra karanepara yaha anivArya evaM Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki hama vizva aura vizvAntargata prANiyoMke svarUpa aura unakI adhikAra-sthitikA tAttvika darzana kreN| binA isa tattvadarzanake hamArI maitrI kAmacalAU aura kevala tatkAlIna svArthako sAdhanevAlI sAbita ho sakatI hai| ___ loga yaha sastA tarka karate haiM ki-'koI Izvarako mAno yA na mAno, isase kyA banatA bigar3atA hai ? hameM paraspara premase rahanA caahiye|' lekina bhAI, jaba eka varga usa Izvarake nAmase yaha pracAra' karatA ho ki Izvarane mukhase brAhmaNako, bAhase kSatriyako, udarase vaizyako aura pairoMse zUdrako utpanna kiyA hai aura unheM bhinna-bhinna adhikAra aura saMrakSaNa dekara isa jagatmeM bhejA hai / dUsarI ora Izvarake ."brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsId bAhU rAjanyaH kRtaH / karU tadasya yadvaizyaH padbhyAM zUdro'jAyata ||"-Rgved 10 / 10 / 12 /

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jainadarzana nAmapara gorI jAtiyA~ yaha phatavA de rahI hoM ki-Izvarane unheM zAsaka honeke lie tathA anya kAlI-pIlI jAtiyoMko sabhya banAneke lie pRthvIpara bhejA hai| ataH gorI jAtiko zAsana karanekA janmasiddha adhikAra hai, aura kAlI-pIlI jAtiyoMko unakA gulAma rahanA caahiye| isa prakArakI vargasvArthakI ghoSaNAe~ jaba IzvaravAdake AvaraNameM pracArita kI jAtI hoM, taba paraspara ahiMsA aura maitrIkA tAttvika mUlya kyA ho sakatA hai ? ataH isa prakArake avAstavika kusaMskAroMse mukti pAneke lie yaha zazakavRtti ki 'hameM kyA karanA hai ? koI kaise hI vicAra rakheM' AtmaghAtinI hI siddha hogii| hameM Izvarake nAmapara calanevAle vargasvArthiyoMke una nAroMkI parIkSA karanI hI hogI tathA svayaM IzvarakI bhI, ki kyA isa ananta vizvakA niyantraka koI karuNAmaya mahAprabhu hI hai ? aura yadi hai, to kyA usakI karuNAkA yahI rUpa hai ? hara hAlatameM hameM apanA spaSTa darzana vyaktikI mukti aura vizvako zAnti ke lie banAnA hI hogaa| isIlie mahAvIra aura buddha jaise krAntadarzI kSatriyakumAroMne apanI vaMza-paramparAse prApta usa pApamaya rAjyavibhUtiko lAta mArakara prANimAtrakI mahAmaitrIkI sAdhanAke liye jaMgalakA rAstA liyA thaa| samasyAoMke mUlakAraNoMkI khoja kiye binA UparI malahamapaTTI tAtkAlika zAnti bhale hI de de, kintu yaha zAnti Age AnevAle visphoTaka tUphAnakA prAgrUpa hI siddha ho sakatI hai| __ jagatkI jItI-jAgatI samasyAoMkA samAdhAna yaha maulika apekSA rakhatA hai ki vizvake cara-acara padArthoMke svarUpa, adhikAra aura paraspara sambandhoMkI tathya aura satya vyAkhyA ho| saMskRtiyoMke itihAsakI niSpakSa mImAMsA hameM isa natIje para pahu~cAtI hai ki vibhinna saMskRtiyoMke utthAna aura patanakI kahAnI apane pIche vargasvArthiyoMke jhUThe aura khokhale tattvajJAnake bhISaNa SaDyantrako chupAye hae hai| pazcimakA itihAsa eka hI IsAke putroMkI mArakATakI kAlI kitAba hai| bhAratavarSameM koTi-koTi mAnavoMko vaMzAnugata dAsatA aura pazuoMse bhI badatara jIvana bitAneke lie bAdhya kiyA jAnA bhI, Akhira usI dayAlu Izvarake nAmapara hI to huA / ataH prANimAtrake uddhArake lie kRtasaMkalpa ina zramaNasantoMne jahA~ cAritrako mokSakA antima aura sAkSAt kAraNa mAnA vahA~ saMgharacanA, vizvazAnti aura samAja-vyavasthAke lie, usa ahiMsAke AdhArabhUta tattvajJAnako khojanekA bhI gambhIra aura talasparzI prayatna kiyaa| unhoMne vargasvArthake poSaNake liye cAroM taraphase simaTakara eka kaThora zikaMjemeM DhalanevAlI kutsita vicAradhArAko rokakara kahA-Thaharo, jarA isa kalpita zikaMjeke sA~cese nikalakara svataMtra vicaro, aura dekho ki jagatkA hita kisameM hai ? kyA jagatkA svarUpa yahI hai ? kyA jIvanakA

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viSaya praveza 37 uccatama lakSya yahI ho sakatA hai ? aura isI eka rokane sadiyoMkI jar3IbhUta vicAradhArAko jhakajhorakara jagA diyA, aura use mAnavakalyANakI dizA meM tathA jagat ke viparivartanamAna svatantra svarUpakI ora mor3a diyA / yaha darzana aura saMskRti ke parivartanakA yuga thA / bihArako pavitra bhUmipara bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddha ina do yugadarziyoMne mAnavakI dRSTi bhogase yogakI ora tathA vargasvArthase prANimAtra kalyANakI ora pherI / usa yuga meM jisa tatvajJAna aura darzanakA nirmANa huA, vaha Aja ke yuga meM bhI usI taraha Avazyaka upayogI banA huA hai /

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3. bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanako dena mAnasa ahiMsA arthAt anekAntadRSTi : bhagavAn mahAvIra eka parama ahiMsaka tIrthaMkara the| mana, vacana, aura kAya trividha ahiMsAkI paripUrNa sAdhanA, khAsakara mAnasika ahiMsAkI sthAyI pratiSThA, vastusvarUpake yathArtha darzanake binA honA azakya thii| hama bhale hI zarIrase dUsare prANiyoMkI hiMsA na kareM, para yadi vacana-vyavahAra aura cittagata vicAra viSama aura visaMvAdI haiM, to kAyika ahiMsAkA pAlana bhI kaThina hai| apane manake vicAra arthAt matako puSTa karaneke lie U~ca-nIca zabda avazya bole jAyeMge, phalataH hAthA-pAIkA avasara Aye binA na rhegaa| bhAratIya zAstrArthoMkA itihAsa isa prakArake aneka hiMsAkANDoMke raktaraMjita pannoMse bharA huA hai, ataH yaha Avazyaka thA ki ahiMsAkI sarvAGgINa pratiSThAke lie vizvakA yathArtha tattvajJAna ho aura vicArazuddhimUlaka vacanazuddhikI jIvanavyavahArameM pratiSThA ho| yaha sambhava hI nahIM hai ki eka hI vastuke viSayameM do paraspara virodhI matavAda calate raheM, apane pakSake samarthanake liye ucita-anucita zAstrArtha hote raheM, pakSa-pratipakSoMkA saMgaThana ho tathA zAstrArthameM hAranevAloMko telakI jalatI kar3AhImeM jIvita tala dene jaisI hiMsaka hor3eM bhI lageM, phira bhI paraspara ahiMsA banI rheN| unhoMne dekhA ki Aja sArA rAjakAraNa dharma aura matavAdiyoMke hAthameM hai| jaba taka ina matavAdoMkA vastusthitike AdhArase yathArthadarzanapUrvaka samanvaya na hogA, taba taka hiMsA aura saMgharSakI jar3a nahIM kaTa sktii| unane vizvake tattvoMkA sAkSAtkAra kiyA aura batAyA ki 'vizvakA pratyeka cetana aura jar3a tattva ananta dharmokA bhaNDAra hai| usake virATa svarUpako sAdhAraNa mAnava pUrNarUpameM nahIM jAna sktaa| usakA kSudra jJAna vastuke eka-eka aMzako jAnakara apane meM pUrNatAkA durabhimAna kara baiThA hai / ' vivAda vastumeM nahIM hai, vivAda to dekhanevAloMko dRSTimeM hai| kAza, ye vastuke virAT anantadharmAtmaka yA anekAntAtmaka svarUpako jhA~kI pA sakate ! unane isa anekAntAtmaka tattvajJAnakI ora matavAdiyoMkA dhyAna khIMcA aura batAyA ki-dekho pratyeka vastu, anantaguNaparyAya aura dharmokA akhaNDa piNDa hai / yaha apanI anAdi-ananta santAna-sthitikI dRSTise nitya hai| kabhI bhI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA jaba vizvake raMgamaJcase eka kaNakA bhI samUla vinAza ho

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bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena jAya yA unakI santati sarvathA ucchinna ho jAya / sAtha hI usakI paryAyeM pratikSaNa badala rahI haiN| usake guNadharmoM meM bhI sadRza yA visadRza parivartana ho rahA hai| ataH vaha anitya bhI hai| isI taraha ananta guNa, zakti, paryAya aura dharma pratyeka vastuko nijI sampatti haiN| hamArA svalpa jJAnalava inameMse eka-eka aMzako viSaya karake kSudra matavAdoMkI sRSTi kara rahA hai| AtmAko nitya siddha karanevAloMkA pakSa apanI sArI zakti anityavAdiyoMkI ukhAr3a-pachAr3a meM lagA rahA hai to anityavAdiyoMkA guTa nityapakSavAloMko bhalA-burA kaha rahA hai| bha0 mahAvIrako ina matavAdiyoMkI buddhi aura pravRttipara tarasa AtA thaa| ve buddhakI taraha AtmAke nityatva aura anityatva, paraloka aura nirvANa Adiko avyAkRta kahakara bauddhika nairAzyakI sRSTi nahIM karanA cAhate the| unane una sabhI tattvoMkA yathArtha svarUpa batAkara ziSyoMko prakAzameM lA, unheM mAnasa-samatAkI bhUmipara khar3A kara diyaa| unane batAyA ki vastuko tuma jisa dRSTikoNase dekha rahe ho, vastu utanI hI nahIM hai| usameM aise ananta dRSTikoNoMse dekhe jAne kI kSamatA hai| usakA virATa svarUpa anantadharmAtmaka hai| tumheM jo dRSTikoNa virodhI mAlUma hotA hai, usakA ImAnadArIse vicAra karo, to usakA viSayabhUta dharma bhI vastumeM vidyamAna hai / cittase pakSapAtakI durabhisaMdhi nikAlo aura dUsareke dRSTikoNake viSayako bhI sahiSNutApUrvaka khojo, vaha bhI vahIM laharA rahA hai| hA~, vastukI sImA aura maryAdAkA ullaMghana nahIM honA caahie| tuma cAho ki jar3ameM cetanatva khojA jAya yA cetanameM jar3atva, to vaha nahIM mila sakatA; kyoMki pratyeka padArthake apane-apane nijI dharma sunizcita haiM / *vastu sarvadharmAtmaka nahIM: vastu anantadharmAtmaka hai na ki sarvadharmAtmaka / anantadharmoMmeM cetanake sambhava anantadharma cetanameM mileMge aura acetanagata anantadharma acetanameM / cetanake guNadharma acetanameM nahIM pAye jA sakate aura na acetanake cetanameM / hA~, kucha aise sAdRzyamUlaka vastutva Adi sAmAnyadharma bhI haiM jo cetana aura acetana sabhI dravyoMmeM pAye jA sakate haiM, parantu sabakI sattA judI-judI hai| tAtparya yaha ki vastu bahuta bar3I hai| vaha itanI virATa hai ki hamAre-tumhAre anantadRSTikoNoMse dekhI aura jAnI jA sakatI hai| eka kSudra dRSTikA Agraha karake dUsareko dRSTikA tiraskAra karanA yA apanI dRSTikA ahaMkAra karanA vastu-svarUpakI nAsamajhIkA pariNAma hai| isa taraha mAnasa samatAke lie isa prakArakA vastusthitimUlaka anekAnta-tattvajJAna atyAvazyaka hai| isake dvArA isa manuSyatanadhArIko jJAta ho sakegA ki vaha

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jainadarzana kitane pAnI meM hai, usakA jJAna kitanA svalpa hai aura vaha kisa taraha durabhimAnase hiMsaka matavAdakA sRjana karake mAnava samAjakA ahita kara rahA hai / isa mAnasa ahiMsAtmaka anekAntadarzanase vicAroM yA dRSTikoNoM meM kAmacalAU samanvaya yA DhIlA-DhAlA samajhautA nahIM hotA, kintu vastusvarUpake AdhArase yathArtha tattvajJAnamUlaka samanvayadRSTi prApta hotI hai / anekAntadRSTikA vAstavika kSetra : isa taraha anekAntadarzana vastukI anantadharmAtmakatA mAnakara kevala kalpanAkI ur3Anako aura usase phalita honevAle kalpita dharmoMko vastugata mAnanekI himAkata nahIM karatA / vaha kabhI bhI vastuko sImAko nahIM lAMghanA cAhatA / vastu to apane sthAnapara virAT rUpameM pratiSThita hai / hameM paraspara virodhI mAlUma honevAle bhI anantadharma usameM aviruddha bhAvase vidyamAna haiN| apanI saMkucita virodhayukta dRSTi ke kAraNa hama usakI yathArtha sthitiko nahIM samajha pA rahe haiM / jainadarzana vAstava bahutvavAdI hai / vaha do pRthaksattAka vastuoMko vyavahAra ke lie kalpanAse eka kaha bhI de, para vastukI nijI maryAdAko nahIM lAMghanA cAhatA / eka vastukA apane guNa-paryAyoMse vAstavika abheda to ho sakatA hai, para do vyaktiyoMmeM vAstavika abheda sambhava nahIM hai / isakI yaha vizeSatA hai, jo yaha paramArthasat vastukI paridhiko na lA~ghakara usakI sImAmeM hI vicaraNa karatA hai, aura manuSyoMko kalpanAkI ur3Anase viralakara vastukI ora dekhane ko bAdhya karatA hai / yadyapi jainadarzana meM ' saMgrahanaya' kI eka dRSTise carama abhedakI bhI kalpanA kI jAtI hai aura kahA jAtA hai ki "sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt " [ tattvArthabhA0 1135 ] arthAt jagat eka hai, sadrUpase cetana aura acetanameM koI bheda nahIM hai / kintu yaha eka kalpanA hai / koI eka aisA vAstavika sat nahIM hai, jo pratyeka maulika dravyameM anugata rahatA ho / ataH jainadarzana vastusthiti ke bAharakI kalpanAkI ur3Anako jisa prakAra asat kahatA hai, usI taraha vastuke eka dharmake darzanameM hI vastu ke sampUrNarUpa abhimAnako bhI vighAtaka mAnatA hai / ina jJAnalavadhAriyoMko udAradRSTi denevAle tathA vastukI yathArtha jhA~kI dikhAnevAle anekAntadarzanane vAstavika vicArakI antima rekhA khIMcI hai aura yaha saba huA hai, mAnasa samatA - mUlaka tattvajJAnakI khojase / mAnasa samatAkA pratIka : 40 isa taraha jaba vastusthiti hI anekAntamayI yA anantadharmAtmikA hai, taba manuSya sahaja hI yaha socane lagatA hai ki dUsarA vAdI jo kaha rahA hai, usakI

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bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena sahAnubhUtise samIkSA honI cAhie, aura usakA vastusthitimUlaka samIkaraNa honA cAhie / isa svIyasvalpatA aura vastukI anantadharmAtmakatAke vAtAvaraNase nirarthaka kalpanAoMkA jAla TUTegA aura ahaMkArakA vinAza hokara mAnasa samatAkI sRSTi hogI, jo ki ahiMsAkI saMjIvanI vela hai / mAnasa samatA ke lie 'anekAnta - darzana' hI ekamAtra sthira AdhAra ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra jaba 'anekAntadarzana' se vicArazuddhi ho jAtI hai, taba svabhAvataH vANI meM namratA aura parasamanvayakI vRtti utpanna hotI hai / vaha vastusthitikA ullaMghana karanevAle kisI bhI zabdakA prayoga hI nahIM kara sakatA / isIlie jainAcAryoMne vastukI anekadharmAtmakatAkA dyotana karaneke lie 'syAt' zabdake prayogakI AvazyakatA batAI hai / zabdoM meM yaha sAmarthya nahIM hai ki vaha vastuke pUrNarUpako yugapat kaha sake / vaha eka samaya meM eka hI dharmako kaha sakatA hai / ataH usI samaya vastumeM vidyamAna zeSa dharmokA sUcana karaneke lie 'syAt' zabda prayukta hotA hai / isa 'syAt' kA artha sunizcita dRSTikoNa yA nirNIta apekSA hai; na ki zAyada, sambhava yA kadAcit Adi / 'syAdasti' kA vAcyArtha hai - svarUpAdikI apekSA vastu hai hI, na ki zAyada hai, sambhava hai, kadAcit hai, Adi / saMkSepataH jahA~ anekAntadarzana citta meM mAdhyasthabhAva, vItarAgatA aura niSpakSatAkA udaya karatA hai vahA~ syAdvAda vANI meM nirdoSatA AnekA pUrA-pUrA avasara detA hai / syAdvAda eka nirdoSa bhASA-zailI : isa prakAra ahiMsAkI paripUrNatA aura sthAyitva kI preraNAne mAnasa-zuddhike lie 'anekAntadarzana' aura vacanazuddhike lie 'syAdvAda' jaisI nidhiyoMko bhAratIya darzana koSAgAra meM diyA hai / bolate samaya vaktAko sadA yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye ki vaha jo bola rahA hai, utanI hI vastu nahIM hai / zabda usake pUrNarUpa taka pahu~ca nahIM sakate / isI bhAvako jatAneke lie vaktA 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga karatA hai / 'syAt ' zabda vidhiliMga meM bhI hai / para yahA~ vaha nipAta-avyaya meM niSpanna hotA hai | vaha apane vaktavyako nizcita rUpameM upasthita karatA hai; na ki saMzayarUpameM 1 jaina tIrthaGkaroMne isa prakAra sarvAMgINa ahiMsAkI sAdhanAkA vaiyaktika aura sAmAjika donoM prakArakA pratyakSAnubhUta mArga btaayaa| unane padArthoM ke svarUpakA yathArtha nirUpaNa to kiyA hI, sAtha hI padArthoMke dekhanekA, unake jJAna karanekA aura unake svarUpako vacanase kahanekA rAstA bhI dikhAyA / isa ahiMsaka dRSTise yadi bhAratIya darzanakAroMne vastukA nirIkSaNa kiyA hotA, to bhAratIya jalpakathAkA itihAsa itanA raktaraMjita na huA hotA; aura dharma tathA darzanake nAmapara mAnavatAkA nirdalana nahIM Jain Educationa International 41 For Personal and Private Use Only

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jainadarzana hotA / para ahaMkAra aura zAsanakI bhAvanA mAnavako dAnava banA detI hai; aura usapara mata aura dharmakA 'aham' to atidurnivAra hotA hai / yuga-yugameM aise hI dAnavako mAnava banAneke lie ahiMsaka santa isI samanvayadRSTikA, isI samatAbhAvakA aura isI sarvAGgINa ahiMsAkA upadeza dete Aye haiM / yaha jainadarzanakI hI vizeSatA hai, jo vaha ahiMsAkI taha taka pahu~cane ke lie kevala dhArmika upadeza taka hI sImita nahIM rahA, apitu vAstavika AdhArase matavAdoMkI gutthiyoMko sulajhAnekI maulika dRSTi bhI khoja sakA / usane na kevala dRSTi hI khojI, kintu mana, vacana aura kAya ina tInoM dvAroMse honevAlI hiMsAko rokanekA prazastatama mArga bhI upasthita kiyA / 42 ahiMsAkA AdhArabhUta tattvajJAna anekAntadarzana : vyaktikI mukti ke liye yA cittazuddhi aura vItarAgatA prApta karaneke lie ahiMsAkI aikAntika cAritragata sAdhanA upayukta ho sakatI hai, kintu saMgharacanA aura samAja meM usa ahiMsAkI upayogitA siddha karaneke lie usake tattvajJAnakI khoja na kevala upayogI hI hai, kintu Avazyaka bhI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM sarvaprathama indrabhUti Adi gyAraha brAhmaNa vidvAn dIkSita hue the, ve AtmAko nitya mAnate the / udhara ajitakeza - kambalikA ucchedavAda bhI pracalita thA / upaniSadoMke ullekhoMke anusAra vizva sat hai yA asat ubhaya hai yA anubhaya, isa prakAra kI vicAradhArAe~ usa samaya ke vAtAvaraNameM apane-apane rUpameM pravAhita thIM / mahAvIrake vItarAga karuNAmaya zAnta svarUpako dekhakara jo bhavyajana unake dharma meM dIkSita hote the, una pacamela ziSyoMkI vividha jijJAsAoMkA vAstavika samAdhAna yadi nahIM kiyA jAtA to unameM paraspara svamata puSTike lie vAdavivAda calate aura saMghabheda hue binA nahIM rahatA / cittazuddhi aura vicAroMke samIkaraNake lie yaha nitAnta Avazyaka thA ki vastusvarUpakA yathArtha nirUpaNa ho / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane vItarAgatA aura ahiMsAke upadezase pArasparika bAhya vyavahArazuddhi karake hI apane karttavyako samApta nahIM kiyA; kintu ziSyoMke citta meM ahaMkAra aura hiMsAko bar3hAnevAle ina sUkSma matavAdoM kI jo jar3eM baddhamUla thIM, unheM ukhAr3anekA Antarika Thosa prayatna kiyA / vaha prayatna thA vastuke virAT svarUpakA yathArtha darzana / vastu yadi apane maulika anAdiananta asaMkara pravAhakI dRSTise nitya hai, to pratikSaNa parivartamAna paryyAyoMkI dRSTise anitya bhI / dravyakI dRSTise satse hI sat utpanna hotA hai, to paryyAyakI dRSTise asatse sat / isa 1. " ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti / " Rgveda 1 / 164 / 46 /

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bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena 43 taraha jagatke yAvat padArthoMko utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyarUpa pariNAmI aura anantadharmAtmaka batAkara unhoMne ziSyoMkI na kevala bAhya parigrahakI hI gA~Tha kholI, kintu antaraMga hRdayagranthiko bhI kholakara unheM antara bAhya sarvathA nirgrantha banAyA thA / vicArako carama rekhA : yaha anekAntadarzana vastutaH vicAravikAsakI carama rekhA hai / carama rekhAse merA tAtparya yaha hai ki do viruddha bAtoMmeM zuSka tarkajanya kalpanAoMkA vistAra taba taka barAbara hotA jAyagA, jaba taka ki unakA koI vastusparzI samAdhAna na nikala Ave / anekAntadRSTi vastuke usI svarUpakA darzana karAtI hai, jahA~ vicAra samApta ho jAte haiM / jaba taka vastusthiti spaSTa nahIM hotI, tabhI taka vivAda calate haiM / agni ThaMDI hai yA garama, isa vivAda kI samApti agniko hAthase chU lene para jaise ho jAtI hai, usI taraha eka-eka dRSTikoNase calanevAle vivAda anekAntAtmaka vastudarzanake bAda apane Apa samApta ho jAte haiM / svataH siddha nyAyAdhIza : sakate haiM / hama anekAntadarzanako nyAyAdhIzake padapara anAyAsa hI baiThA pratyeka pakSake vakIloM dvArA apane pakSake samarthana ke lie saMkalita dalIloMkI phAilakI taraha nyAyAdhIzakA phaisalA bhale hI AkArameM bar3A na ho, para usameM vastusparza, vyAvahArikatA, sUkSmatA aura niSpakSapAtitA avazya hotI hai / usI taraha ekAntake samarthanameM prayukta dalIloMke bhaMDAra - bhUta ekAntavAdI darzanoMkI taraha jainadarzana meM vikalpa yA kalpanAoMkA carama vikAsa na ho, para usakI vastusparzitA, vyAvahArikatA, samatAvRtti evaM ahiMsAdhAritA meM to saMdeha kiyA hI nahIM jA sakatA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcAryoMne vastusthitike AdhArase pratyeka darzanake dRSTikoNa samanvayakI pavitra ceSTA kI hai aura hara darzanake sAtha nyAya kiyA hai / yaha vRtti ahiMsAhRdaya ke susaMskRta mastiSkakI upaja hai / yaha ahiMsAsvarUpA anekAntadRSTi hI jainadarzanake bhavya prAsAdakA madhya stambha hai / isIse jainadarzana kI prANapratiSThA hai / bhAratIya darzana sacamuca isa atula satyako pAye binA apUrNa rahatA / jainadarzanane isa anekAntadRSTi ke AdhArase banI huI mahattvapUrNa grantharAzi dekara bhAratIya darzanazAstra ke koSAgAra meM apanI Thosa aura paryApta pU~jI jamA kI "sadeva saumyedamagra AsIt ekamevAdvitIyam / taka Ahurasadevedamagra AsIdekamevAdvitIyam / * Jain Educationa International tasmAdasataH sjjaayt|" - chAndo0 6 2 | For Personal and Private Use Only

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44 jainadarzana hai / yugapradhAna A0 samantabhadra, siddhasena Adi dArzanikoMne isI dRSTike puNya prakAzameM sat-asat, nitya-anitya, bheda-abheda, puNya-pApa, advaita-dvaita, bhAgyapuruSArtha, Adi vividha vAdoMkA samanvaya kiyA hai| madhyakAlIna A0 akalaMka, haribhadra Adi tAkikoMne aMzataH parapakSakA khaNDana karake bhI usI dRSTiko praur3ha kiyA hai| vAcanika ahiMsA syAdvAda : mAnasazuddhike lie vicAroMkI dizA meM samanvayazIlatA lAnevAlI anekAntadRSTike A jAnepara bhI yadi tadanusAriNI bhASAzailI nahIM banAI to usakA sArvajanika upayoga honA asambhava thaa| ataH anekAnta-darzanako ThIka-ThIka pratipAdana karane vAlI 'syAdvAda' nAmakI bhASAzailIkA AviSkAra usI ahiMsAke vAcanika vikAsake rUpameM huaa| jaba vastu antadharmAtmaka hai aura usako jAnanevAlI dRSTi anekAntadRSTi hai taba vastuke sarvathA eka aMzakA nirUpaNa karanevAlI nirdhAriNI bhASA-vastukA yathArtha pratipAdana karanevAlI nahIM ho sktii| jaise yaha kalama lambI, caur3I, rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, halkI, bhArI Adi aneka dharmoMkA yugapat AdhAra hai / aba yadi zabdase yaha kahA jAya ki yaha kalama 'lambI hI hai to zeSa dharmoMkA lopa isa vAkya se phalita hotA hai, jaba ki usameM usI samaya ananta dharma vidyamAna haiN| na kevala isI taraha, kintu jisa samaya kalama amuka apekSAse lambI hai, usI samaya anya apekSAse lambI nahIM bhI hai| pratyeka dharmakI abhivyakti sApekSa honese usakA virodhI dharma usa vastumeM pAyA hI jAtA hai| ataH vivakSita dharmavAcI zabdake prayogakAlameM hameM anya avivakSita azeSa dharmake astitvako sUcana karanevAle 'syAt' zabdake prayogako nahIM bhUlanA caahie| yaha 'syAta' zabda vivakSita dharmavAcI zabdako samasta vastupara adhikAra karanese rokatA hai aura kahatA hai ki 'bhAI, isa samaya zabdake dvArA uccArita honeke kAraNa yadyapi tuma mukhya ho, phira bhI isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki sArI vastu para tumhArA hI adhikAra ho| tumhAre ananta dharma-bhAI isI vastuke usI taraha samAna adhikArI haiM jisa taraha ki tuma / ' 'syAt' eka praharI 'syAt' zabda eka aisA praharI hai, jo zabdakI maryAdAko saMtulita rakhatA hai| vaha saMdeha yA saMbhAvanAko sUcita nahIM karatA, kintu eka nizcita sthitiko batAtA hai ki vastu amuka dRSTise amuka dharmavAlI hai hii| usameM anya dharma usa samaya

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bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena gauNa haiM / yadyapi hamezA 'syAt' zabdake prayogakA niyama nahIM hai, kintu vaha samasta vAkyoMmeM antarnihita rahatA hai / koI bhI vAkya apane pratipAdya aMzakA avadhAraNa karake bhI vastugata zeSa aMzoMko gauNa to kara sakatA hai para unakA nirAkaraNa karake vastuko sarvathA aikAntika nahIM banA sakatA, kyoMki vastu svarUpase anekAnta - aneka dharmavAlI hai / 'syAt' kA artha 'zAyada' nahIM : 'syAt' zabda hindI bhASAmeM bhrAntivaza zAyadakA paryAyavAcI samajhA jAne lagA hai / prAkRta aura pAlI meM 'syAt' kA 'siyA' rUpa hotA hai / yaha vastuke sunizcita bhedoM ke sAtha sadA prayukta hotA rahA hai / jaise ki 'majjhimanikAya' ke 'mahArAhulovAdasutta' meM Apo dhAtukA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki "katamA ca rAhula ApodhAtu ?" "ApodhAtu siyA ajjhattikA siyA bAhirA" arthAt ApodhAtu ( jala ) kitane prakArakI hai ? ApodhAtu syAt Abhyantara hai aura syAt bAhya / yahA~ Abhyantara dhAtuke sAtha 'siyA' zabdakA prayoga ApodhAtuke Abhyantara bhedake sivA dvitIya bAhya bhedakI sUcanAke lie hai, aura bAhya ke sAtha 'siyA' zabdakA prayoga bAhyake sivA Abhyantara bhedakI sUcanA detA hai / arthAt 'Apo' dhAtu na to bAhyarUpa hI hai aura na AbhyantararUpa hI / isa ubhayarUpatAkI sUcanA 'siyA' - 'syAt' zabda detA hai / yahA~ na to 'syAt' zabdakA 'zAyada' hI artha hai, aura na 'saMbhava' aura na 'kadAcit' hI / kyoMki 'Apo' aura zAyada bAhya nahIM hai aura na saMbhavataH Abhyantara aura * kadAcit Abhyantara aura bAhya apitu ubhaya bhedavAlI hai / 'syAt ' avivakSitakA sUcaka : isI taraha pratyeka dharmavAcI zabda ke sAtha jur3A huA 'syAt' zabda eka sunizcita dRSTikoNase usa dharmakA varNana karake bhI anya avivakSita dharmokA astitva bhI vastu dyotita karatA hai / koI aisA zabda nahIM hai, jo vastuke pUrNa rUpako sparza kara sake / hara zabda eka nizcita dRSTikoNa se prayukta hotA hai aura apane vivakSita dharmakA kathana karatA hai / isa taraha jaba zabdameM svabhAvataH vivakSAnusAra amuka dharma ke pratipAdana karanekI hI zakti hai, taba yaha Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki avivakSita zeSa dharmokI sUcanAke lie eka 'pratIka' avazya ho, jo vaktA aura zrotAko bhUlane na de / 'syAt' zabda yahI kArya karatA hai / vaha zrotAko vivakSita dharmakA pradhAnatAse jJAna karAke bhI avivakSita dharmoke astitvakA dyotana Jain Educationa International 45 For Personal and Private Use Only dhAtu zAyada Abhyantara saMbhavataH bAhya aura na

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jainadarzana karAtA hai / isa taraha bhagavAn mahAvIrane sarvathA ekAMza pratipAdikA vANIko bhI 'syAt ' saMjIvanake dvArA vaha zakti do, jisase vaha anekAntakA mukhya- gauNa bhAvase dyotana kara sakI / yaha 'syAdvAda' jainadarzanameM satyakA pratIka banA hai / 46 dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatA : bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddhake sAmane eka sIdhA prazna thA ki dharma jaisA jIvaMta padArtha, jisake Upara ihaloka aura paralokakA banAnA aura bigAr3anA nirbhara karatA hai, kyA mAtra vedake dvArA nirNIta ho yA usameM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI maryAdAke anusAra anubhavI puruSa bhI apanA nirNaya deM ? vaidika paramparAkI isa viSaya meM dRr3ha aura nirbAdha zraddhA hai ki dharma meM antima pramANa veda hai aura jaba dharma jaisA atIndriya padArtha mAtra vedake dvArA hI jAnA jA sakatA hai to dharma jaise atisUkSma, vyavahita aura viprakRSTa anya padArtha bhI vedake dvArA hI jJAta ho sakeMge, inameM puruSakA jJAna sAkSAt pravRtti nahIM kara sakatA / puruSa prAyaH rAga, dveSa aura ajJAna dUSita hote haiM / unakA AtmA itanA niSkalaMka aura jJAnavAn nahIM ho sakatA, jo pratyakSase atIndriyadarzI ho sake / nyAya-vaizeSika aura yoga paramparAoMne vedako usa nitya jJAnavAn IzvarakI kRti mAnA, jo anAdisiddha hai / aisA nitya jJAna dUsarI AtmAoMmeM saMbhava nahIM hai / niSkarSa yaha ki vartamAna veda, cAhe vaha apauruSeya ho yA anAdisiddha IzvarakartRka, zAzvata hai aura dharmake viSaya meM apanI nirbAdha sattA rakhatA hai / anya maharSiyoMke dvArA racI gaI smRtiyA~ Adi yadi vedAnusAriNI haiM, to hI pramANa haiM anyathA nahIM; yAnI pramANatAkI jyoti vedakI apanI hai / laukika vyavahArameM zabdakI pramANatAkA AdhAra nirdoSatA hai / vaha nirdoSatA do hI prakArase AtI hai-- eka to guNavAn vaktA honese aura dUsare, vaktA hI na honese | AcArya kumArila spaSTa likhate haiM ki ' zabda meM doSoMkI utpatti vaktA hotI hai / unakA abhAva kahIM to guNavAn vaktA honese ho jAtA hai; kyoMki vaktA yathArthaveditva Adi guNoMse doSoMkA abhAva honepara ve doSa zabdameM apanA sthAna nahIM jamA pAte / dUsare, vaktAkA abhAva honese nirAzraya doSa nahIM raha tadabhAvaH 1. "zabde doSodbhavastAvad vaktradhIna iti sthitam / kvacittAvad guNavaktRkatvataH // 62 // tadguNairapakRSTAnAM zabde saMkrAntyasaMbhavAt / yA vakturabhAvena na syudoMSA nirAzrayAH // 63 // " - mI0 zlo0 codanA0 / -

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bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena 47 sakate / puruSa prAyaH anRtavAdI hote haiM / ataH inake vacanoMko dharmake mAmale meM pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| brahmA, viSNu, mahezvara Adi deva vedadeha honese hI pramANa haiM / aura isakA yaha phala thA ki vedase janmasiddha varNavyavasthA tathA svargaprAptike liye ajamedha, azvamedha, gomedha yahA~ taka ki naramedha AdikA joroMse pracAra thaa| AtmAkI Atyantika zuddhikI sambhAvanA na honese jIvanakA lakSya aihika svargAdi vibhUtiyoMkI prApti taka hI sImita thaa| zreyakI apekSA preyameM hI jIvanakI saphalatA mAna lI gaI thii| nirmala AtmA svayaM pramANa : kintu bha0 mahAvIrane rAga, dveSa Adike kSayakA tAratamya dekhakara AtmAkI pUrNa vItarAga zuddha avasthA tathA jJAnako paripUrNa nirmala dazAko asaMbhava nahIM mAnA aura unane apanI svayaM sAdhanA dvArA nirmala jJAna tathA vItarAgatA prApta kii| unakA siddhAnta thA ki pUrNa jJAnI vItarAga apane nirmala jJAnase dharmakA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA aura dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI paristhitike anusAra usake svarUpakA nirmANa bhI vaha karatA hai / yuga-yugameM aise hI mahApuruSa dharmatIrthake kartA hote haiM aura mokSamArgake netA bhii| ve apane anubhUta dharmamArgakA pravartana karate haiM, isIlie unheM tIrthaMkara kahate haiN| ve dharmake niyama-upaniyamoMmeM kisI pUrvazruta yA granthakA sahArA na lekara apane nirmala anubhavake dvArA svayaM dharmakA sAkSAtkAra karate haiM aura usI mArgakA upadeza dete haiN| jaba taka unheM kevalajJAna prApta nahIM ho jAtA taba taka ve mauna rahate haiM aura mAtra AtmasAdhanAmeM lIna rahakara usa kSaNakI pratIkSA karate haiM jisa kSaNameM unheM nirmala bodhikI prApti hotI hai| yadyapi pUrva tIrthaMkaroMdvArA praNIta zruta unheM virAsatameM milatA hai, parantu ve usa pUrva zrutake pracAraka na hokara svayaM anubhUta dharmatIrthakI racanA karate haiM, isaliye ve tIrthaMkara kahe jAte haiM / yadi ve pUrva zrutakA hI mukhyarUpase sahArA lete to unakI sthiti AcAryoMse adhika nahIM hotii| yaha ThIka hai ki eka tIrthaMkarakA upadeza dUsare tIrthaMkarase mUlasiddhAntoMmeM bhinna nahIM hotA; kyoMki satya trikAlAbAdhita hotA hai aura eka hotA hai| vastukA svarUpa bhI jaba sadAse eka mUla dhArAmeM pravAhita hai taba usakA mUla sAkSAtkAra vibhinna kAloMmeM bhI do prakArakA nahIM ho sktaa| zrImad rAyacandrane ThIka hI kahA hai ki-"karoDa jJAniyoMkA eka hI vikalpa hotA hai jaba ki ajJAnIke karor3a vikalpa hote haiN|" isakA spaSTa artha yaha hai ki karor3a jJAnI apane nirmala jJAnake dvArA cUMki satyakA sAkSAtkAra karate haiM, ataH unakA pUrNa sAkSAtkAra do prakArakA nahIM ho sktaa| jaba ki eka ajJAnI

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jainadarzana apanI aneka prakArakI vAsanA ke anusAra vastuke svarUpako raMga-viraMgA, citravicitrarUpa meM Aropita kara dekhatA hai / arthAt jJAnI satyako jAnatA hai, banAtA nahIM; jaba ki ajJAnI apanI vAsanAoMke anusAra satyako banAne kA prayatna karatA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki ajJAnI ke kathanameM pUrvApara virodha paga-pagapara vidyamAna rahatA hai / do ajJAniyoMkA kathana eka jaisA nahIM ho sakatA, jaba ki asaMkhya jJAniyoMkA kathana mUlarUpameM eka hI tarahakA hotA hai / do ajJAniyoMkI bAta jAne dIjie, eka hI ajJAnI kaSAyavaza kabhI kucha kahatA hai aura kabhI kucha / vaha svayaM vivAda aura asaMgatikA kendra hotA hai / 48 maiM Age dharmajJatA ke dArzanika muddepara vistAra se likhU~gA / yahA~ to itanA hI nirdeza karanA iSTa hai ki jainadarzanakI dharmajJatA aura sarvajJatAkI mAnyatAkA yaha tadiuyogI tathya hai ki puruSa apanI vItarAga aura nirmala jJAnakI dazAmeM svayaM pramANa hotA hai / vaha AtmasaMzodhanake mArgakA svayaM sAkSAtkAra karatA hai / apane dharmapathakA svayaM jJAtA hotA hai aura isIlie mokSamArgakA netA bhI hotA hai / vaha kisI anAdisiddha apauruSeya grantha yA zruti - paramparAkA vyAkhyAtA yA mAtra anusaraNa karanevAlA hI nahIM hotaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki zramaNa paramparAmeM koI anAdisiddha zruti yA grantha nahIM hai, jisakA antima nirNAyaka adhikAra dharmamArga meM svIkRta ho / vastutaH zabdake guNa-doSa vaktA ke guNa-doSa ke AdhIna haiM / zabda to eka nirjIva mAdhyama hai, jo vaktAke prabhAvako DhotA hai / isIlie zramaNa paramparAmeM zabdakI pUjA na hokara, vItarAga - vijJAnI santoMkI pUjA kI jAtI hai / ina santoMke upadezoMkA saMgraha hI 'zruta' kahalAtA hai, jo Ageke AcAryoM aura sAdhakoMke lie tabhI taka mArgadarzaka hotA hai jabataka ki ve svayaM vItarAgatA aura nirmala jJAna prApta nahIM kara lete / nirmala jJAnakI prAptike bAda ve svayaM dharmameM pramANa hote haiM / niggaMThanAthaputta bhagavAn mahAvIrakI sarvajJa aura sarvadarzIke rUpameM jo prasiddhi thI ki ve sote-jAgate hara avasthAmeM jAnate aura dekhate haiM - usakA rahasya yaha thA ki ve sadA svayaM sAkSAtkRta trikAlAbAdhita dharmamArgakA upadeza dete the / unake upadezoM meM kahIM pUrvApara virodha yA asaMgati nahIM thI / nirIzvaravAda : AjakI taraha purAne yugameM bahusaMkhyA IzvaravAdiyoMkI rahI hai / ve jagatkA kartA aura vidhAtA eka anAdisiddha Izvarako mAnate rahe / IzvarakI kalpanA bhaya aura Azcarya se huI yA nahIM, hama isa vivAdameM na par3akara yaha dekhanA cAhate haiM ki isakA vAstavika aura dArzanika AdhAra kyA hai ? jainadarzana meM isa jagatko anAdi

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bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena 49 mAnA hai| kisI bhI aise samayakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki jisa samaya yahA~ kucha na ho aura na-kuchase kucha utpanna ho gayA ho| ananta 'sat' anAdi kAlase ananta kAla taka kSaNa-kSaNa viparivartamAna hokara mUla dhArAmeM pravAhita haiN| unake paraspara saMyoga aura viyogoMse yaha sRSTicakra svayaM saMcAlita hai| kisI eka buddhimAnne baiThakara asaMkhya kArya-kAraNabhAva aura ananta svarUpoMkI kalpanA kI ho aura vaha apanI icchAse isa jagatkA niyantraNa karatA ho, yaha vastusthitike pratikUla to hai hI, anubhavagamya bhI nahIM hai / pratyeka 'sat' apanemeM paripUrNa aura svatantra hai| pratikSaNa utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyarUpa svabhAvake kAraNa paraspara prabhAvita hokara aneka avasthAoMmeM svayaM parivartita ho rahA hai| yaha parivartana kahIM puruSakI buddhi, icchA aura prayatnoMse ba~dhakara bhI calatA hai| itanA hI puruSakA puruSArtha aura prakRtipara vijaya pAnA hai| kintu Aja takake vijJAnakA itihAsa isa bAtakA sAkSI hai ki usane ananta vizvake eka aMzakA bhI pUrNa patA nahIM lagAyA aura na usapara pUrA niyaMtraNa hI rakhA hai| Ajatakake sAre puruSArtha ananta samudrameM eka bubudke samAna haiN| vizva apane pArasparika kArya-kAraNabhAvoMse svayaM suvyavasthita aura suniyaMtrita hai| mUlataH eka satkA dUsare satpara koI adhikAra nahIM hai| cUMki ve do haiM, isaliye ve apanemeM paripUrNa aura svatantra haiN| sat cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, apanemeM akhaNDa aura paripUrNa hai / jo bhI pariNamana hotA hai vaha usakI svabhAvabhUta upAdAna-yogyatAkI sImAmeM hI hotA hai / jaba acetana dravyoMkI yaha sthiti hai taba cetana vyaktiyoMkA svAtantrya to svayaM nirbAdha hai| cetana apane prayatnoMse kahIM aceMtanapara eka hadataka tAtkAlika niyantraNa kara bhI le, para yaha niyantraNa sArvakAlika aura sArvadezikarUpameM na sambhava hai aura na zakya hii| isI taraha eka cetanapara dUsare cetanakA adhikAra yA prabhAva paristhiti-vizeSameM ho jAya, to bhI mUlataH usakA vyaktisvAtantrya samApta nahIM ho sktaa| manuSya apane svArthake kAraNa adhika-se-adhika bhautika sAdhanoM aura acetana vyaktiyoMpara prabhutva jamAnekI ceSTA karatA hai, para usakA yaha prayatna sarvatra aura sadAke liye Aja taka sambhava nahIM ho sakA hai / isa anAdisiddha vyakti-svAtantryake AdhArase jainadarzanane kisI eka Izvarake hAtha isa jagatkI coTI nahIM dii| saba apanI-apanI paryAyoMke svAmI aura vidhAtA haiM / jaba jIvita avasthAmeM vyaktikA apanA svAtantrya pratiSThita hai aura vaha apane saMskAroMke anusAra acchI yA burI avasthAoMko svayaM dhAraNa karatA jAtA hai, svayaM prerita hai, taba na kisI nyAyAlayakI jarUrata hai aura na

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jainadarzana nyAyAdhIza IzvarakI hI / saba apane-apane saMskAra aura bhAvanAoMke anusAra acche aura bure vAtAvaraNakI svayaM sRSTi karate haiM / yahI saMskAra 'karma' kahe jAte haiM / jinakA paripAka acchI aura burI paristhitiyoMkA bIja banatA hai / ye saMskAra cUMki svayaM upArjita kiye jAte haiM, ataH unakA parivartana, parivardhana, saMkramaNa aura kSaya bhI svayaM hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| yAnI puruSa apane karmoM kA eka bAra kartA hokara bhI unakI rekhAoMko apane puruSArthase miTA bhI sakatA hai / dravyoMkI svabhAvabhUta yogyatAe~, unake pratikSaNa pariNamana karanekI pravRtti aura paraspara prabhAvita honekI lacaka ina tIna kAraNoMse vizvakA samasta vyavahAra calatA jA rahA hai / karmaNA varNavyavasthA : 50 vyavahArake lie guNa-karmake anusAra varNa vyavasthA kI gayI thI, jisase samAja-racanA meM asuvidhA na ho / kintu vargasvArthiyoMne Izvarake sAtha usakA bhI sambandha jor3a diyA aura jur3anA bhI cAhiye thA; kyoMki jaba Izvara jagatkA niyaMtA hai to jagat ke antargata varNa-vyavasthA usake niyaMtraNase pare kaise raha sakatI hai ? IzvarakA sahArA lekara isa varNa-vyavasthAko IzvarIya rUpa diyA gayA aura kahA gayA ki brAhmaNa Izvarake mukhase, kSatriya usakI bAhuoMse, vaizya udarase aura zUdra pairoMse utpanna hue / unake adhikAra bhI jude - jude haiM aura kartavya bhI / aneka janmasiddha saMrakSaNoM kA samarthana bhI Izvarake nAma para kiyA gayA hai / isakA yaha pariNAma huA ki bhAratavarSa meM vargasvArtha ke AdhArase aneka prakArakI viSamatAoMkI sRSTi huI / karor3oM mAnava dAsa, antyaja aura zUdrake nAmoMse vaMzaparamparAgata nirdalana aura utpIr3anake zikAra hue| zUdra dharmAdhikArase bhI vaMcita kiye gaye / isa varNadharmake saMrakSaNake kAraNa hI Izvarako maryAdApuruSottama kahA gayA hai / yAnI jo vyavasthA laukika vyavahAra aura samAja racanAke lie kI gayI thI aura jisameM yugAnusAra parivartanakI zakyatA thI vaha dharma aura Izvarake nAmase baddhamUla ho gayI / jainadharmameM mAnavamAtrako vyaktisvAtantryake parama siddhAntake anusAra samAna dharmAdhikAra to diyA hI / sAtha hI sAtha isa vyAvahArika varNavyavasthAko samAja - vyavahAra taka guNa-karmake anusAra hI sImita rakhA / dArzanika yugameM dravyatvAdi sAmAnyoMkI taraha vyavahArakalpita brAhmaNatvAdi jAtiyoMkA bhI unheM nitya eka aura anekAnugata mAnakara jo samarthana kiyA gayA hai aura unakI abhivyakti brAhmaNAdi mAtA-pitAse utpanna honeke kAraNa jo batAyI

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bhAratIya darzanako jainadarzanakI dena gayI haiM unakA khaNDana jaina aura bauddhadarzanake granthoMmeM pracuratAse pAyA jAtA hai / inakA sIdhA siddhAnta hai ki manuSyoMmeM jaba manuSyatva nAmaka sAmAnya hI sAdRzyamUlaka hai taba brAhmaNatvAdi jAtiyA~ bhI sadRza AdhAra aura vyavahAramUlaka hI bana sakatIM haiM / jinameM ahiMsA, dayA Adi sadvratoMke saMskAra vikasita hoM ve brAhmaNa, pararakSAkI vRttivAle kSatriya, kRSivANijyAdi - vyApArapradhAna vaizya aura zilpasevA Adise AjIvikA calAnevAle zUdra haiM / koI bhI zUdra apanemeM vrata Adi sadguNoMkA vikAsa karake brAhmaNa bana sakatA hai / 2 brAhmaNatvakA AdhAra vratasaMskAra hai na ki nitya brAhmaNatva jAti / jainadarzanane jahA~ padArtha - vijJAnake kSetrameM apanI maulika dRSTi rakhI hai vahA~ samAja - racanA aura vizvazAMtike mUlabhUta siddhAntoMkA bhI vivecana kiyA hai / unameM nirIzvaravAda aura varNa-vyavasthAko vyavahArakalpita mAnanA ye do pramukha haiM / yaha ThIka hai ki kucha saMskAra vaMzAnugata hote haiM, kintu unheM samAjaracanAkA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sakatA / sAmAjika aura sArvajanika sAdhanoMke viziSTa saMrakSaNake lie varNavyavasthAkI duhAI nahIM dI jA sakatI / sArvajanika vikAsake avasara pratyeka ke liye samAnarUpase milanepara svastha samAjakA nirmANa ho sakatA hai / 51 anubhavako pramANatA : dharmajJa aura sarvajJake prakaraNameM likhA jA cukA hai ki zramaNa paramparAmeM puruSa pramANa hai, granthavizeSa nahIM / isakA artha hai zabda svataH pramANa na hokara puruSake anubhavakI pramANatAse anuprANita hotA hai / mImAMsakane laukika zabdoMmeM vaktAko guNa aura doSoMkI eka hada taka upayogitA svIkAra karake bhI dharmameM vaidika zabdoM ko puruSake guNa-doSoMse mukta rakhakara svataH pramANa mAnA hai / pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki jaba bhASAtmaka zabda ekAntataH puruSake prayatnase hI utpanna hote haiM, ataH unheM apauruSeya aura anAdi mAnanA hI anubhavaviruddha hai taba unake svataH pramANa mAnane kI bAta to bahuta dUra kI hai / vaktAkA anubhava hI zabdakI pramANatAkA mUla srota hai / prAmANyavAdake vicAra meM maiMne isakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| sAdhanakI pavitratAkA Agraha : bhAratIya darzanoMmeM vAdakathAkA itihAsa jahA~ aneka prakArase manoraMjaka hai vahA~ usameM apanI-apanI paramparAkI kucha maulika dRSTiyoMke bhI darzana hote haiM / 1. dekho, pramANavArtikAlaMkAra pR0 22 / tattvasaMgraha kA0 3579 / prameyakamalamA0 pU0 483 / nyAyakumu0 pR0 770 | sanmati0 TI0 pR0 697 / syA0 rasnA0 959 / 2. 'brAhmaNAH vratasaMskArAt - AdipurANa 38/46 /

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jainadarzana naiyAyikoMne zAstrArthameM jItaneke lie chala. jAti aura nigrahasthAna jaise asada upAyoMkA bhI Alambana lekara sanmArga-rakSAkA lakSya siddha karanekI paramparAkA samarthana kiyA hai| chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAnoMkI kilebandI prativAdIko kisI bhI taraha cupa karaneke lie kI gayI thii| jisakA Azraya lekara sadoSa sAdhanavAdI bhI nirdoSa prativAdIpara kIcar3a uchAla sakatA thA aura use parAjita kara sakatA thaa| kintu jainadArzanikoMne zAsana-prabhAvanAko bhI asad upAyoMse karanA ucita nahIM maanaa| ve sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanakI pavitratApara bhI utanA hI jora dete haiN| satya aura ahiMsAkA aikAntika Agraha honeke kAraNa unhoMne vAdakathA jaise kaluSita kSetrameM bhI chala, jAti Adike prayogoMko sarvathA anyAyya kahakara nItikA sIdhA mArga dikhAyA ki jo bhI apanA pakSa siddha kara le, usakI jaya aura dUsarekI parAjaya honI caahie| aura chala, jAti Adike prayogakI kuzalatAse jaya-parAjayakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| bauddhoMkA bhI yahI dRSTikoNa hai / ( vizeSake lie dekho, jayaparAjayavyavasthA prkrnn)| tattvAdhigamake upAya : jainadarzanane padArthake vAstavika svarUpakA sUkSma vivecana to kiyA hI hai| sAtha-hI-sAtha una padArthoke jAnane, dekhane, samajhane aura samajhAnekI dRSTiyoMkA bhI spaSTa varNana kiyA hai| inameM naya aura saptabhaMgIkA vivecana apanA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai / pramANake sAtha nayoMko bhI tattvAdhigamake upAyoMmeM ginAnA janadarzanakI apanI vizeSatA hai| akhaNDa vastuko grahaNa karaneke kAraNa pramANa to mUka hai| vastuko aneka dRSTiyoMse vyavahAra meM utAranA aMzagrAhI sApekSa nayoMkA hI kArya hai / naya pramANake dvArA gRhIta vastuko vibhAjita kara usake eka-eka aMzako grahaNa karate haiM aura use zabdavyavahArakA viSaya banAte haiN| nayoMke bheda-prabhedoMkA vizeSa vivecana karanevAle nayacakra, nayavivaraNa Adi aneka grantha aura prakaraNa jainadarzanake koSAgArako udbhAsita kara rahe haiM / ( vistRta vivecanake lie dekho, nayamImAMsA prkrnn)| ___ isa taraha jainadarzanane vastu-svarUpake vicArameM aneka maulika dRSTiyA~ bhAratIya darzanako dI haiM, jinase bhAratIya darzanakA koSAgAra jIvanopayogI hI nahIM, samAja-racanA aura vizvazAntike maulika tattvoMse samRddha banA hai|

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4. lokavyavasthA jainI lokavyavasthAkA mUla mantra : "bhAvassa Natthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppAdo / guNapajjaesu bhAvA uppAyavayaM pakuvvaMti / " 1 kisI bhAva arthAt sadkA atyanta nAza nahIM hotA aura kisI abhAva arthAt asatkA utpAda nahIM hotaa| sabhI padArtha apane guNa aura paryAya rUpase utpAda, vyaya karate rahate haiM / lokameM jitane sat haiM ve traikAlika sat haiM / unakI saMkhyA meM kabhI bhI hera-phera nahIM hotaa| unakI guNa aura paryAyoMmeM parivartana avazyambhAvI hai, usakA koI apavAda nahIM ho sakatA / isa vizva meM ananta cetana, ananta pudgalANu, eka AkAza, eka dharmadravya, eka adharmadravya aura asaMkhya kAlANu dravya haiM / inase yaha loka vyApta hai / jitane AkAza dezameM ye jIvAdi dravya pAye jAte haiM use loka kahate haiM / lokake bAhara bhI AkAza hai, vaha aloka kahalAtA hai / lokagata AkAza aura alokagata AkAza donoM eka akhaNDa dravya haiM / yaha vizva ina anantAnanta 'satoM' kA virAT AgAra hai aura akRtrima hai' / pratyeka 'sat' apane meM paripUrNa svatantra aura maulika hai / satkA lakSaNa hai utpAda, vyaya aura prauvyase yukta honA / pratyeka sat pratikSaNa pariNamana karatA hai / vaha pUrva paryAyako chor3akara uttara paryAya dhAraNa karatA hai / usakI yaha pUrva vyaya tathA uttarotpAdako dhArA anAdi aura ananta hai, kabhI bhI vicchinna nahIM hotI / cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, koI bhI sat isa utpAda, vyayake cakra se bAhara nahIM hai / yaha usakA nija svabhAva hai / usakA maulika dharma hai ki use pratikSaNa pariNamana karanA hI cAhiye aura apanI avicchinna dhArAmeM asaMkarabhAvase anAdyananta rUpameM pariNata hote rahanA cAhiye / ye pariNamana kabhI sadRza bhI hote haiM aura kabhI visadRza bhI / ye kabhI eka dUsare ke nimittase prabhAvita bhI hote haiM / yaha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa pariNamanakI 1. " logo akiTTimo khalu" - mUlA0 gA0 712 / 2. " utpAdavyayatrauvyayuktaM sat" - ta0 sU0 5/30 / Jain Educationa International - paMcA0 gA0 150 / - For Personal and Private Use Only

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54 jainadarzana paramparA kisI samaya dIpanirvANakI taraha bujha nahIM sktii| yaha bhAva uparokta gAthAmeM 'bhAvassa Natthi NAso' pada dvArA dikhAyA gayA hai| kitanA bhI parivartana kyoM na ho jAya, parivartanoMkI ananta saMkhyA honepara bhI vastukI sattA naSTa nahIM hotii| usakA maulika tattva arthAt dravyatva naSTa nahIM ho sktaa| ananta prayatna karanepara bhI jagatke raMgamaMcase eka bhI aNuko vinaSTa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, usakI hastIko nahIM miTAyA jA sktaa| vijJAnakI tIvratama bhedaka zakti aNu dravyakA bheda nahIM kara sktii| Aja jise vijJAnane 'eTama' mAnA hai aura jisake ilekTrAna aura proTrAna rUpase bhedakara vaha yaha samajhatA hai ki hamane aNukA bheda kara liyA, vastutaH vaha aNu na hokara sUkSma skandha hI hai aura isIlie usakA bheda saMbhava ho sakA hai / paramANukA to lakSaNa hai : __ "aMtAdi aMtamajjhaM aMtaMtaM va iMdie gejjhN| . jaM avibhAgo davvaM taM paramANuM pasaMsaMti // " -niyamasA0 gA0 26 / arthAt-paramANukA vahI Adi, vahI anta tathA vahI madhya hai / vaha indriyagrAhya nahIM hotaa| vaha sarvathA avibhAgI hai-usake Tukar3e nahIM kiye jA sakate / aise avibhAgI dravyako paramANu kahate haiN| "savvesi khaMdhANaM jo aMto taM viyANa prmaann| so sassado asaddo ekko avibhAgi muttibhavo // " -paMcA0 177 / arthAt-samasta skandhoMkA jo antima bheda hai, vaha paramANu hai| vaha zAzvata hai, zabdarahita hai, eka hai, sadA avibhAgI hai aura mUrtika hai / tAtparya yaha ki paramANu dravya akhaMDa hai aura avibhAgI hai| usako chinna-bhinna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jahA~ taka chedana-bhedana sambhava hai vaha sUkSma skandhakA ho sakatA hai, paramANukA nhiiN| paramANukI dravyatA aura akhaNDatAkA sIdhA artha hai-usakA avibhAgI eka sattA aura maulika honaa| vaha chida-bhidakara do sattAvAlA nahIM bana sakatA / yadi banatA hai to samajhanA cAhie ki vaha paramANu nahIM hai| aise ananta maulika avibhAgI aNuoMse yaha loka ThasAThasa bharA huA hai| inhIM paramANuoMke paraspara sambandhase choTe-bar3e skandharUpa aneka avasthAe~ hotI haiM / pariNamanoMke prakAra : satke pariNAma do prakArake hote haiM-eka svabhAvAtmaka aura dUsarA vibhAvarUpa / dharmadravya, adharmadravya, AkAzadravya aura asaMkhyAta kAlANudravya ye sadA

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lokavyavasthA zuddha svabhAvarUpa pariNamana karate haiN| inameM pUrva paryAya naSTa hokara bhI jo nayI uttara paryAya utpanna hotI hai vaha sadRza aura svabhAvAtmaka hI hotI hai, usameM vilakSaNatA nahIM aatii| pratyeka dravyameM eka 'agurulaghu' guNa yA zakti hai, jisake kAraNa dravyako samatulA banI rahatI hai, vaha na to guru hotA hai aura na laghu / yaha guNa dravyakI nijarUpameM sthira-maulikatA kAyama rakhatA hai| isI guNameM anantabhAgavRddhi Adi SaDguNI hAni-vRddhi hotI rahatI hai, jisase ye dravya apane dhrauvyAtmaka pariNAmI svabhAvako dhAraNa karate haiM aura kabhI apane dravyatvako nahIM chodd'te| inameM kabhI bhI vibhAva yA vilakSaNa pariNamana nahIM hotA aura na kahane yogya koI aisA pharka AtA hai, jisase prathama kSaNake pariNamanase dvitIya kSaNake pariNamanakA bheda batAyA jA sake / pariNamanakA koI apavAda nahIM : yahA~ yaha prazna svAbhAvika hai ki jaba anAdise anantakAla taka ye dravya sadA eka-jaise samAna pariNamana karate haiM, unameM kabhI bhI kahIM bhI kisI bhI rUpameM visadRzatA, vilakSaNatA yA asamAnatA nahIM AtI taba unameM pariNamana arthAt parivartana kaise kahA jAya ? unake pariNamanakA kyA lekhA-jokhA ho ? parantu jaba lokakA pratyeka 'sat' sadA pariNAmI hai, kUTastha nitya nahIM, sadA zAzvata nahIM; taba satke isa aparihArya aura anivArya niyamakA AkAzAdi 'sat' kaise ullaMghana kara sakate haiM ? unakA astitva hI trayAtmaka arthAt utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyAtmaka hai| isakA apavAda koI bhI sat kabhI bhI nahIM ho sktaa| bhale hI unakA pariNamana hamAre zabdoMkA yA sthUla jJAnakA viSaya na ho, para isa pariNAmitvakA apavAda koI bhI sat nahIM ho sktaa| - tAtparya yaha hai ki jaba hama eka sat-pudgalaparamANumeM pratikSaNa parivartanako usake skandhAdi kAryoM dvArA jAnate haiM, eka sat-AtmAmeM jJAnAdi guNoMke parivartanako svayaM anubhava karate haiM tathA dRzya vizvameM satkI utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyazIlatA pramANasiddha hai; taba lokake kisI bhI satko utpAdAdise rahita honekI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| eka mRtpiDa piMDAkArako chor3akara ghaTake AkArako dhAraNa karatA hai tathA miTTI donoM avasthAoMmeM anugata rahatI hai| vastuke svarUpako samajhanekA yaha eka sthUla dRSTAnta hai| ataH jagatkA pratyeka sat, cAhe vaha cetana ho yA acetana, pariNAmI-nitya hai, utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyavAlA hai| vaha pratikSaNa paryAyAntarako prApta hokara bhI kabhI samApta nahIM hotA, dhruva hai|

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jainadarzana ___ jIvadravyameM jo AtmAe~ karmabandhanako kATakara siddha ho gaI haiM una mukta jIvoMkA bhI siddhike kAlase anantakAla taka sadA zuddha hI pariNamana hotA hai| samAna aura ekarasa pariNamanako dhArA sadA calatI rahatI hai, usameM kabhI koI vilakSaNatA nahIM aatii| raha jAte haiM saMsArI jIva aura ananta pudgala, jinakA raMgamaMca yaha dRzya vizva hai| inameM svAbhAvika aura vaibhAvika donoM pariNamana hote haiN| pharka itanA hI hai ki saMsArI jIvake eka bAra zuddha ho jAneke bAda phira azuddhatA nahIM Ato, jaba ki pudgalaskandha apanI zuddha dazA paramANurUpatAmeM pahu~cakara bhI phira azuddha ho jAte haiN| pudgalakI zuddha avasthA paramANu hai aura azuddha dazA skandha-avasthA hai| pudgala dravya skandha banakara phira paramANu avasthAmeM pahu~ca jAte haiM aura phira paramANuse skandha bana jAte haiN| sArAMza yaha ki saMsArI jIva aura ananta pudgala paramANu bhI pratikSaNa apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa eka dUsareke tathA paraspara nimitta banakara svaprabhAvita pariNamanake bhI janaka ho jAte haiN| eka hAiDrojanakA skandha oNksijanake skandhase milakara jala paryAyako prApta ho jAtA hai| phira garmIkA sannidhAna pAkara bhApha banakara ur3a jAtA hai, phira sardI pAkara pAnI bana jAtA hai, aura isa taraha ananta prakArake parivartana-cakrameM bAhya-Abhyantara sAmagrIke anusAra pariNata hotA rahatA hai| yahI hAla saMsArI jIvakA hai| usameM bhI apanI sAmagrIke anusAra guNaparyAyoMkA pariNamana barAbara hotA rahatA hai| koI bhI samaya parivartanase zUnya nahIM hotaa| isa parivartanaparamparAmeM pratyeka dravya svayaM upAdAnakAraNa hotA hai tathA anya dravya nimittakAraNa / dharmadravya : jIva aura pudgaloMkI gati-kriyAmeM dharmadravya sAdhAraNa udAsIna nimitta hotA hai, preraka kAraNa nhiiN| jaise calaneko tatpara machalIke lie jala kAraNa to hotA hai, para preraNA nahIM krtaa| adharmadravya : jIva aura pudgaloMkI sthitimeM adharmadravya sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai, preraka nahIM / jaise ThaharanevAle pathikoMko chaayaa| AkAzadravya : samasta cetana-acetana dravyoMko AkAzadravya sthAna detA hai aura avagAhanakA sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai, preraka nhiiN|| AkAza svapratiSThita hai|

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lokavyavasthAM kAladravya : samasta dravyoM ke vartanA, pariNamana AdikA kAladravya sAdhAraNa nimitta hai / paryAya kisI-na-kisI kSaNa meM utpanna hotI tathA naSTa hotI hai, ataH 'kSaNa' samasta dravyoMkI paryAyapariNati meM nimitta hotA hai / 57 ye cAra dravya arUpI haiM / dharma, adharma aura asaMkhya kAlANu lokAkAzavyApI haiM aura AkAza lokAlokavyApI ananta hai / saMsArI jIva aura pudgala dravyoMmeM vibhAva pariNamana hotA hai / jIva aura pudgalakA anAdikAlIna sambandha honeke kAraNa jIva saMsArIdazAmeM vibhAva pariNamana karatA hai / isakA sambandha samApta hote hI muktadazAmeM jIva zuddha pariNamanakA adhikArI ho jAtA hai / Jain Educationa International isa taraha lokameM ananta 'sat' svayaM apane svabhAvake kAraNa paraspara nimittanaimittika banakara pratikSaNa parivartita hote haiM / unameM paraspara kAryakAraNabhAva bhI banate haiM / bAhya aura Abhyantara sAmagrI ke anusAra samasta kArya utpanna hote aura naSTa hote haiM / pratyeka 'sat' apane meM paripUrNa aura svataMtra hai / vaha apane guNa aura paryAyakA svAmI hai aura hai apanI paryAyoMkA AdhAra / eka dravya dUsare dravyameM koI nayA pariNamana nahIM lA sakatA / jaisI jaisI sAmagrI upasthita hotI jAtI hai usake kAryakAraNa- niyama anusAra dravya svayaM vaisA pariNata hotA jAtA hai / jisa samaya koI bAhya sAmagrIkA prabala nimitta nahIM milatA usa samaya bhI dravya apane svabhAvAnusAra sadRza yA visadRza pariNamana karatA hI hai / koI sapheda kapar3A eka dinameM mailA hotA hai, to yaha nahIM mAnanA cAhie ki vaha 23 ghaNTA 59 miniTa to sAfa rahA aura AkhirI miniTa meM mailA huA hai; kintu pratikSaNa usameM sadRza yA visadRza parivartana hote rahe haiM aura 24 ghaNTeke samAna yA asamAna pariNamanoMkA ausata phala vaha mailApana hai / isI taraha manuSya meM bhI bacapana, javAnI aura vRddhAvasthA Adi sthUla pariNamana pratikSaNabhAvI asaMkhya sUkSma pariNamanoMke phala haiM / tAtparya yaha ki pratyeka dravya apane pariNamanameM upAdAna hotA hai aura sajAtIya yA vijAtIya nimittake anusAra prabhAvita hokara yA prabhAvita karake paraspara pariNamanameM nimitta banatA jAtA hai / yaha nimittoMkA juTAva kahIM paraspara saMyogase hotA hai to kahIM kisI puruSa prayatnase / jaise kisI haoNiDrojanake skandhake pAsa havAke jhoMkese ur3akara oNksijana skandha pahu~ca jAya to donoMkA jalarUpa pariNamana ho jAyagA, aura yadi na pahu~ce to donoMkA apane-apane rUpa hI advitIya pariNamana hotA rahatA hai / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki koI vaijJAnika apanI prayogazAlA meM oNksijanameM hAiDrojana milAve aura isa taraha donoMkI jala paryAya bana jAya / agni hai, yadi usameM gIlA For Personal and Private Use Only

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58 jainadarzana IMdhana svayaM yA kisI puruSake prayatnase pahu~ca jAya to dhUma utpanna ho jAyagA, anyathA agni dhIre-dhIre rAkha ho jaaygii| koI dravya jabaradastI kisI dUsare dravyameM asaMbhavanIya parivartana utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / prayatna karanepara bhI acetanase cetana nahIM bana sakatA aura na eka cetana cetanAntara yA acetana yA acetana acetanAntara hI ho sakatA hai / saba apanI-apanI paryAyadhArAmeM pravahamAna haiN| ve pratyeka kSaNameM navIna-navIna paryAyoMko dhAraNa karate hue svamagna haiN| ve eka-dUsareke sambhavanIya pariNamanake prakaTa karane meM nimitta ho bhI jA~ya, para asaMbhava yA asat pariNamana utpanna nahIM kara sakate / AcArya kundakundane bahuta sundara likhA hai aNNadavieNa aNNadavvassa No kIrade gunnuppaado| tamhA du savvadavvA uppajante sahAveNa // " -samayasAra gA0 372 / arthAt-eka dravya dUsare dravyameM koI bhI guNotpAda nahIM kara sktaa| sabhI dravya apane-apane svabhAvase utpanna hote haiN| ___isa taraha pratyeka dravyakI paripUrNa akhaMDatA aura vyakti svAtantryakI carama niSThApara sabhI apane-apane pariNAma-cakrake svAmI haiN| koI kisIke pariNamanakA niyantraka nahIM hai aura na kisIke izArepara isa lokakA nirmANa yA pralaya hotA hai| pratyeka 'sat' kA apane guNa aura paryAyapara hI adhikAra hai, anya dravyakA pariNamana tadadhIna nahIM hai| itanI spaSTa aura asandigdha sthiti pratyeka satkI honepara bhI pudgaloMmeM paraspara tathA jIva aura pudgalakA paraspara evaM saMsArI jIvoMkA paraspara prabhAva DAlanevAlA nimitta-naimittika sambandha bhI hai| jala yadi agni para gira jAtA hai to use bujhA detA hai aura yadi vaha kisI bartanameM agnike Upara rakhA jAtA hai to agni hI usake sahaja zItala sparzako badalakara usako uSNasparza svIkAra karA detI hai| parasparakI paryAyameM isa taraha prabhAvaka nimittatA hone para bhI samasta lokaracanAke lie koI nityasiddha Izvara nimitta yA upAdAna hotA ho, yaha bAta na kevala yuktiviruddha hI hai kintu dravyoMke nijasvabhAvake viparIta bhI hai| koI bhI dravya sadA avikArI nitya ho hI nahIM sktaa| ananta padArthoM kI ananta paryAyoMpara niyantraNa rakhane jaisA mahAprabhutva na kevala avaijJAnika hai kintu padArtha-sthitike viruddha bhI hai| nimitta aura upAdAna : jo kAraNa svayaM kAryarUpameM pariNata ho jAya vaha upAdAna kAraNa hai aura jo svayaM kAryarUpa pariNata to na ho, para usa pariNamanameM sahAyatA de vaha nimitta yA

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lokavyavasthA .. 59 sahakArI kAraNa kahA jAtA hai / ghaTameM miTTI upAdAna kAraNa hai; kyoMki vaha svayaM ghar3A banatI hai, aura kumhAra nimitta hai; kyoMki vaha svayaM ghar3A to nahIM banatA, para ghar3A bananemeM sahAyatA detA hai| pratyeka sat yA dravya pratikSaNa apanI pUrva paryAyako chor3akara uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karate haiM, yaha eka nirapavAda niyama hai / saba pratikSaNa apanI dhArAmeM parivartita hokara sadRza yA visadRza avasthAoMmeM badalate jA rahe haiN| usa parivartana-dhArAmeM jo sAmagrI upasthita hotI hai yA karAI jAtI hai usake balAbalase parivartanameM honevAlA prabhAva taratamabhAva prApta karatA hai / nadIke ghATapara yadi koI vyakti lAla raMga jalameM ghola detA hai to usa lAla raMgakI zaktike anusAra AgekA pravAha amuka hada taka lAla hotA jAtA hai, aura yadi nIlA raMga gholatA hai to niilaa| yadi koI dUsarI ullekha yogya nimittasAmagrI nahIM AtI to jo sAmagrI hai usakI anukUlatAke anusAra usa dhArAkA svaccha yA asvaccha yA ardhasvaccha pariNamana hotA jAtA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki lAla yA nIlA pariNamana, jo bhI nadIkI dhArAmeM huA hai, usameM vahI jalapuJja upAdAna hai jo dhArA banakara baha rahA hai; kyoMki vahI jala apanA purAnA rUpa badalakara lAla yA nIlA huA hai| usameM nimitta yA sahakArI hotA hai vaha gholA huA lAla raMga yA nIlA rNg| yaha eka sthUla dRSTAnta hai-upAdAna aura nimittakI sthiti samajhaneke lie| maiM pahile likha AyA hU~ ki dharmadravya,adharmadravya, AkAzadravya, kAladravya aura zuddha jIvadravyake pariNamana sadA eka-se hote haiN| unameM bAharI prabhAva nahIM AtA; kyoMki inameM vaibhAvika zakti nahIM hai| zuddha jIvameM vaibhAvika zaktikA sadA svAbhAvika pariNamana hotA hai| inakI upAdAnaparamparA sunizcita hai aura inapara nimittakA 'koI bala yA prabhAva nahIM hotaa| ataH nimittoMkI carcA bhI inake sambandhameM vyartha hai / ye sabhI dravya niSkriya haiN| zuddha jIvameM bhI eka dezase dUsare dezameM prApta hone rUpa kriyA nahIM hotii| inameM utpAdavyayadhrauvyAtmaka nija svabhAvake kAraNa apane agurulaghuguNake sadbhAvase sadA samAna pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| prazna hai sirpha saMsArI jIva aura pudgala dravyakA / inameM vaibhAvikI zakti hai| ataH jisa prakArako sAmagrI jisa samaya upasthita hotI hai usakI zaktikI taratamatAse vaisevaise upAdAna badalatA jAtA hai / yadyapi nimittabhUta sAmagrI kisI sarvathA asadbhUta pariNamanako usa dravyameM nahIM lAtI; kintu usa dravyake jo zakya-saMbhAvya pariNamana haiM, unhIMmeMse usa paryAyase honevAlA amuka pariNamana utpanna ho jAtA hai| jaise pratyeka pudgala aNumeM samAna rUpase pudgalajanya yAvat pariNamanoMkI yogyatA hai| pratyeka aNu apanI skandha avasthAmeM kapar3A bana sakatA hai, sonA bana sakatA

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jainadarzana hai, ghar3A bana sakatA hai aura patthara bana sakatA hai tathA tailake AkAra ho sakatA hai / parantu lAkha prayatna honepara bhI patthararUpa pudgalase taila nahIM nikala sakatA, yadyapi taila pudgalakI hI paryAya hai / miTTIse kapar3A nahIM bana sakatA, yadyapi kapar3A bhI pudgalakA hI eka vizeSa pariNamana hai| hA~, jaba patthara-skandhake pudgalANu khirakara miTTImeM mila jAya aura khAda bana kara tailake paudhemeM paha~cakara tila bIja bana jAye to usase taila nikala ho sakatA hai| isI taraha miTTI kapAsa banakara kapar3A bana sakatI hai para sAkSAt nhiiN| tAtparya yaha ki pudgalANuoMmeM samAna zakti hone para bhI amuka skandhoMse sAkSAt unhIM kAryoMkA vikAsa ho sakatA hai jo usa paryAyase zakya hoM aura jinako nimitta-sAmagrI upasthita ho| ataH saMsArI jIva aura pudgaloMkI sthiti usa moma jaisI hai jise saMbhava sA~coMmeM DhAlA jA sakatA hai aura jo vibhinna sA~coMmeM Dhalate jAte haiN| nimittabhUta pudgala yA jIva paraspara bhI prabhAvita hokara vibhinna pariNamanoMke AdhAra bana jAte haiN| eka kaccA ghar3A agnimeM jaba pakAyA jAtA hai taba usameM aneka jagahake pudgala skandhoMmeM vibhinna prakArase rUpAdikA paripAka hotA hai| isI taraha agnimeM bhI usake sannidhAnase vicitra pariNamana hote haiM / eka hI AmaphalameM paripAkake anusAra kahIM khaTTA aura kahIM bhIThA rasa tathA kahIM mRdu aura kahIM kaThora sparza evaM kahIM pIta rUpa aura kahIM harA rUpa hamAre rojake anubhavakI bAta hai| isase usa Amra skandhagata paramANuoMkA sammilita sthUla-AmraparyAyameM zAmila rahane para bhI svatantra astitva bhI barAbara banA rahatA hai, yaha nirvivAda siddha ho jAtA hai| usa skandhameM sammilita paramANuoMkA apanA-apanA svatantra pariNamana bahudhA eka prakArakA hotA hai| isIliye usa ausata pariNamanameM 'Amra' saMjJA rakha dI jAtI hai| jisa prakAra aneka pudgalANu dravya sammilita hokara eka sAdhAraNa skandha paryAyakA nirmANa kara lete haiM phira bhI svatantra haiM. usI taraha saMsArI jIvoMmeM bhI avikasita dazAmeM arthAt nigodakI avasthAmeM ananta jIvoMke sAdhAraNa sadRza pariNamanakI sthiti ho jAtI hai aura unakA usa samaya sAdhAraNa AhAra, sAdhAraNa zvAsocchrAsa, sAdhAraNa jovana aura sAdhAraNa hI maraNa hotA hai / ekake marane para saba mara jAte haiM aura ekake jIvita rahane para bhI saba jIvita rahate haiN| aisI pravAhapatita sAdhAraNa avasthA hone para unakA apanA vyaktitva naSTa nahIM hotA, pratyeka apanA vikAsa karanemeM 1. "sAhAraNamAhAro sAhAraNamANapANagahaNaM ca / sAhAraNajIvANaM sAhAraNalakkhaNaM bhaNiyaM // " -gommaTasAra jI0 gA0 191 /

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lokavyavasthA svatantra rahate haiN| unhIMkI cetanA vikasita hokara kIr3A-makor3A, pazu-pakSI, manuSya-deva Adi vividha vikAsako zreNiyoMpara pahu~ca jAtI hai| vahI karmabandhana kATakara siddha bhI ho jAtI hai| sArAMza yaha ki pratyeka saMsArI jIva aura pudgalANumeM sabhI sambhAvya dravyapariNamana sAkSAt yA paramparAse sAmagrIkI upasthitimeM hote rahate haiN| ye kadAcit samAna hote haiM aura kadAcit asamAna / asamAnatAkA artha itanI asamAnatA nahIM hai ki eka dravyake pariNamana dUsare sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyarUpa ho jaoNya aura apanI paryAyaparamparAkI dhArAko jA~gha jAya / unheM apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka pariNamana karanA hI hogaa| kisI bhI kSaNa ve pariNAmazUnya nahIM ho sakate / "tadbhAvaH pariNAmaH" [ tattvArthasUtra 5 / 42 ] / usa satkA usI rUpameM honA, apanI sImAko nahIM lA~gha kara hote rahanA, pratikSaNa paryAyarUpase pravahamAna honA hI pariNAma hai| na vaha upaniSadvAdiyoMkI taraha kUTastha nitya hai aura na bauddhake dIpanirvANavAdI pakSakI taraha ucchinna honevAlA hii| saca pUchA jAya to buddhane jina do antoM ( choroM) se Darakara AtmAkA azAzvata aura anucchinna isa ubhaya pratiSedhake sahAre kathana kiyA yA use avyAkRta kahA aura jisa avyAkRtatAke kAraNa nirvANake sambandhameM santAnocchedakA eka pakSa utpanna huA, usa sarvathA ubhaya antakA tAttvika dRSTise vivecana anekAntadraSTA bha0 mahAvIrane kiyA aura batAyA ki pratyeka vastu apane 'sat' rUpako trikAlameM nahIM chor3atI, isalie dhArAkI dRSTise vaha zAzvata hai, aura cUMki pratikSaNako paryAya ucchinna hotI jAtI hai, ataH ucchinna bhI hai| vaha na to saMtati-viccheda rUpase ucchinna hI hai aura na sadA avikArI kUTasthake arthameM zAzvata hii| vizvakI racanA yA pariNamanake sambandhameM prAcInakAlase hI aneka pakSa dekhe jAte haiN| zvetAzvataropaniSat ' meM aise hI aneka vicAroMkA nirdeza kiyA hai / vahA~ prazna hai ki 'vizvakA kyA kAraNa hai ? kahA~se hama saba utpanna hue haiM ? kisake balapara hama saba jIvita haiM ? kahA~ hama sthita haiM ? apane sukha aura duHkhameM kisake adhIna hokara vartate haiM ?' uttara diyA hai ki 'kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA ( icchAnusAra-aTakalapaccU ), pRthivyAdibhUta aura puruSa ye jagatke kAraNa haiM, yaha cintanIya hai| ina sabakA saMyoga bhI kAraNa nahIM hai| sukha-duHkhakA hetu honese AtmA bhI jagatko utpanna karanemeM asamartha hai| 1. "kAla: svabhAvo niyatiryadRcchA bhUtAni yoniH puruSa iti cintyam / saMyoga eSAM na svAtmabhAvAdAtmApyanIzaH sukhduHkhhetoH||"-shvetaa0 1 // 2 //

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jainadarzana kAlavAda: isa praznottarameM jina kAlAdivAdoMkA ullekha hai ve mata Aja bhI vividha rUpameM vartamAna haiN| mahAbhAratameM' ( Adiparva 11272-276 ) kAlavAdiyoMkA vistRta varNana hai| usameM batAyA hai ki jagatke samasta bhAva aura abhAva tathA sukha aura duHkha kAlamUlaka haiM / kAla hI samasta bhUtoMkI sRSTi karatA hai, saMhAra karatA hai aura pralayako prApta prajAkA zamana karatA hai| saMsArake samasta zubha azubha vikAroMkA kAla hI utpAdaka hai| kAla hI prajAoMkA saMkoca aura vistAra karatA hai| saba so jA~ya para kAla jAgrata rahatA hai| sabhI bhUtoMkA vahI cAlaka hai / atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna yAvat bhAvavikAroMkA kAla hI kAraNa hai| isa taraha yaha duratikrama mahAkAla jagatkA AdikAraNa hai| parantu eka akhaMDa nitya aura niraMza kAla paraspara virodhI anantapariNamanoMkA kramase kAraNa kaise ho sakatA hai ? kAlarUpI samartha kAraNake sadA rahate hue bhI amuka kArya kadAcit ho, kadAcit nahIM, yaha niyata vyavasthA kaise saMbhava ho sakatI hai ? phira kAla acetana hai, usameM niyAmakatA svayaM saMbhava nahIM ho sktii| jahA~ taka kAlakA svabhAvase parivartana karanevAle yAvat padArthoM meM sAdhAraNa udAsIna kAraNa honA hai vahA~ taka kadAcit vaha udAsIna nimitta bana bhI jAya, para preraka nimitta aura ekamAtra nimitta to nahIM ho sktaa| yaha niyata kAryakAraNabhAvake sarvathA pratikUla hai| kAlakI samAnahetutA honepara bhI miTTIse hI ghar3A utpanna ho aura taMtuse hI paTa, yaha pratiniyata lokavyavasthA nahIM jama sktii| ataH pratiniyata kAryoMkI utpattike liye pratiniyata upAdAna tathA sabake svatantra kAryakAraNabhAva svIkAra karanA cAhiye / svabhAvavAda: svabhAvavAdIkA kahanA hai ki kAMToMkA nukIlApana, mRga aura pakSiyoMke citra-vicitra raMga, haMsakA zuklavarNa honA, zukoMkA harApana aura mayUrakA citravicitra varNakA honA Adi saba svabhAvase haiM / sRSTikA niyantraka koI nahIM hai / 1. "kAlaH sRjati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prajAH / kAlaH supteSu jAgati kAlo hi duratikramaH ||"-mhaabhaa0 11248 2. uktaM ca "kaH kaNTakAnAM prakaroti taikSaNyaM vicitrabhAvaM mRgapakSiNAM ca / . svabhAvataH sarvamidaM pravRttaM na kAmacAro'sti kutaH prayatnaH // " --suutrkRtaanggttii0|

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lokavyavasthA isa jagatko vicitratAkA koI dRSTa hetu upalabdha nahIM hotA, ataH yaha saba svAbhAvika hai, nirhetuka hai| isameM kisIkA yatna kArya nahIM karatA, kisIkI icchAke adhIna yaha nahIM hai| isa vAdameM jahA~ taka kisI eka loka-niyantAke niyantraNakA virodha hai vahA~ taka usakI yuktisiddhatA hai| para yadi svabhAvavAdakA artha ahetukavAda hai, to yaha sarvathA bAdhita hai, kyoMki jagatmeM ananta kAryoMkI ananta kAraNasAmagrI pratiniyata rUpase upalabdha hotI hai| pratyeka padArthakA apane saMbhava kAryoMke karanekA svabhAva hone para bhI usakA vikAsa binA sAmagrIke nahIM ho sktaa| miTTIke piMDameM ghar3eko utpanna karanekA svabhAva vidyamAna honepara bhI usakI utpatti daMDa, cakra, kumhAra Adi pUrNa sAmagrIke honepara hI ho sakatI hai| kamalakI utpatti kIcar3ase hotI hai; ataH paMka Adi sAmagrIkI kamalakI sugandha aura usake manohara rUpake prati hetutA svayaM siddha hai, unameM svabhAvako hI mukhyatA denA ucita nahIM hai| yaha ThIka hai ki kisAnakA puruSArtha kheta jotakara bIja bo dene taka hai, Age komala aMkurakA nikalanA tathA usase kramazaH vRkSake bana jAne rUpa asaMkhya kAryaparamparAmeM usakA sAkSAt kAraNatva nahIM hai, parantu yadi usakA utanA bhI prathama-prayatna nahIM hotA, to bIjakA vaha vRkSa bananekA svabhAva boremeM par3A-par3A sar3a jaataa| ataH pratiniyata kAryoMmeM yathAsaMbhava puruSakA prayatna bhI kArya karatA hai| sAdhAraNa ruI kapAsake bIjase sapheda raMgakI utpanna hotI hai| para yadi kuzala kisAna lAkhake raMgase kapAsake bIjoMko raMga detA hai to usase raMgIna ruI bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai| Aja vaijJAnikoMne vibhinna prANiyoMkI naslapara aneka prayoga karake unake raMga, svabhAva, U~cAI aura vajana AdimeM vividha prakArakA vikAsa kiyA hai| ataH "na kAmacAro'sti kUtaH prayatnaH ?" jaise nirAzAvAdase svabhAvavAdakA Alambana lenA ucita nahIM hai / hA~, sakala jagatke eka niyantAkI icchA aura prayatnakA yadi isa svabhAvavAdase virodha kiyA jAtA hai to usake pariNAmase sahamati honepara bhI prakriyAmeM antara hai| anvaya aura vyatirekake dvArA asaMkhya kAryoMke asaMkhya kAryakAraNabhAva nizcita hote haiM aura apanI-apanI kAraNa-sAmagrIse asaMkhya kArya vibhinna vicitratAoMse yukta hokara utpanna hote aura naSTa hote haiM / ataH svabhAvaniyatatA honepara bhI kAraNasAmagrI aura jagatke niyata kAryakAraNabhAvakI orase A~kha nahI muMdI jA sktii| niyativAda : niyativAdiyoMkA kahanA hai ki jisakA, jisa samayameM, jahA~, jo honA hai vaha hotA hI hai / tIkSNa zastraghAta honepara bhI yadi maraNa nahIM honA hai to vyakti

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64 jainadarzana jIvita ho baca jAtA hai aura jaba maranekI ghar3I A jAtI hai taba binA kisI kAraNa hI jIvanakI ghar3I banda ho jAtI hai / " prAptavyo niyatibalAzrayeNa yo'rthaH so'vazyaM bhavati nRNAM zubho'zubho vA / bhUtAnAM mahati kRte'pi prayatne nAbhAvyaM bhavati na bhAvino'sti nAzaH 1 // " arthAt -- manuSyoM ko niyatike kAraNa jo bhI zubha aura azubha prApta honA hai vaha avazya hI hogA / prANI kitanA bhI prayatna kara le, para jo nahIM honA hai vaha nahIM hI hogA, aura jo honA hai use koI roka nahIM sakatA / saba jIvoMkA saba kucha niyata hai, vaha apanI gati se hogA hI / 2 majjhimanikAya ( 2|3|6| ) tathA buddhacaryA ( sAmaJJaphalasutta pU0 46263 ) meM akarmaNyatAvAdI makkhali gozAlake niyaticakrakA isa prakAra varNana milatA hai- 'prANiyoMke klezake liye koI hetu nahIM, pratyaya nahIM / binA hetu, binA pratyaya hI prANI kleza pAte haiM / prANiyoMkI zuddhikA koI hetu nahIM, pratyaya nahIM hai / binA pratyaya hI prANI vizuddha hote haiM / na AtmakAra hai, na parakAra hai, na puruSakAra hai, na bala hai, na vIrya hai, na puruSakA parAkrama hai / sabhI sattva, sabhI prANI, sabhI bhUta, sabhI jIva avaza haiM, bala-vIrya - rahita haiM / niyati se nirmita avasthA meM pariNata hokara chaha hI abhijAtiyoMmeM sukha-duHkha anubhava karate haiM / '''' vahA~ yaha nahIM hai ki isa zIla- vratase, isa tapa- brahmacarya se maiM aparipakva karmako paripakva karU~gA, paripakva karmako bhogakara anta karU~gA / sukha aura duHkha droNase nape hue haiM / saMsArameM ghaTanA bar3hanA, utkarSa - apakarSa nahIM hotA / jaise ki sUtakI golI pheMkane para khulatI huI gira par3atI hai, vaise hI mUrkha aura paMDita daur3akara AvAgamana meM par3akara duHkhakA anta kareMge / " ( darzana - digdarzana pR0 488-89 ) / bhagavatIsUtra ( 15vA~ zataka ) meM bhI gozAlakako niyativAdI hI batAyA hai / 1. udghRta - sUtrakRtAGgaTIkA 1 / 1 / 2 / lokatattva a0 29 / 2. " tathA coktam" "niyatenaiva rUpeNa sarve bhAvA bhavanti yat / tato niyatijA hyete tatsvarUpAnuvedhataH // yadyadaiva yato yAvat tattadeva tatastathA / niyataM jAyate nyAyAt ka enAM bAdhituM kSamaH // " Jain Educationa International -nandIsU0 TI0 / For Personal and Private Use Only

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lokavyavasthA 65 isI niyativAdakA rUpa Aja bhI 'jo honA hai vaha hogA hI' isa bhavitavyatA ke rUpameM gaharAI ke sAtha pracalita hai / niyativAdakA eka AdhyAtmika rUpa aura nikalA haiM / isake anusAra / pratyeka dravyakI pratisamayakI paryAya sunizcita hai jisa samaya jo paryAya honI hai vaha apane niyata svabhAvake kAraNa hogI hI, usameM prayatna nirarthaka hai / upAdAnazakti hI vaha paryAya prakaTa ho jAtI hai, vahA~ nimittakI upasthiti svayameva hotI hai, usake milAnekI AvazyakatA nahIM / inake matase peTrolase moTara nahIM calatI, kintu moTarako calanA hI hai aura peTrolako jalanA hI hai / aura yaha saba pracArita ho rahA hai dravyake zuddha svabhAvake nAmapara / isake bhItara bhUmikA yaha jamAI jAtI hai ki -eka dravya dUsare dravyakA kucha nahIM kara sakatA / saba apane Apa niyaticakravaza pariNamana karate haiM / jisako jahA~ jisa rUpameM nimitta bananA hai usa samaya usakI vahA~ upasthiti ho hI jAyagI / isa niyativAdase padArthoMke svabhAva aura pariNamanakA Azraya lekara bhI unakA pratikSaNakA anantakAla takakA kAryakrama banA diyA gayA hai, jisapara calaneko hara padArtha bAdhya hai / kisIko kucha nayA karanekA nahIM hai / isa taraha niyativAdiyoMke vividha rUpa vibhinna samayoMmeM hue haiM / inhoMne sadA puruSArthako reDa mArI hai aura manuSya ko bhAgyake cakkara meM DAlA hai kintu jaba hama dravyake svarUpa aura usakI upAdAna aura nimittamUlaka kAryakAraNavyavasthApara dhyAna dete haiM to isakA khokhalApana prakaTa ho jAtA hai / jagat meM samagra bhAvase kucha bAteM niyata haiM, jinakA ullaMghana koI nahIM kara sakatA / yathA 1. yaha niyata hai ki jagat meM jitane sat haiM, unameM koI nayA 'sat' utpanna nahIM ho sakatA aura na maujUdA 'sat' kA samUla vinAza hI ho sakatA hai ve sat haiM - ananta cetana, ananta pudgalANu, eka AkAza, eka dharmadravya, eka adharmadravya aura asaMkhya kAladravya / inakI saMkhyAmeM na to ekakI vRddhi ho sakatI hai aura na ekakI hAni hI / anAdikAla se itane hI dravya the, haiM aura anantakAla taka raheMge / 2. pratyeka dravya apane nija svabhAvake kAraNa purAnI paryAyako chor3atA hai, grahaNa karatA hai aura apane pravAhI sattvakI anuvRtti rakhatA hai | cAhe vaha zuddha ho yA azuddha, isa parivartanacakra se achUtA nahIM raha sakatA / koI bhI kisI bhI padArtha utpAda aura vyayarUpa isa parivartanako roka nahIM sakatA aura na itanA 1. dekho, zrIkAnajIsvAmI likhita 'vastuvijJAnasAra' Adi pustakeM /

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66 jainadarzana vilakSaNa pariNamana hI karA sakatA hai ki vaha apane sattvako hI samApta kara de aura sarvathA ucchinna ho jAya / 3. koI bhI dravya kisI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyAntararUpase pariNamana nahIM kara sakatA / eka cetana na to acetana ho sakatA hai aura na cetanAntara hI vaha cetana 'taccetana' hI rahegA aura vaha acetana ' tadacetana' hI / 4. jisa prakAra do yA aneka acetana pudgalaparamANu milakara eka saMyukta samAna skandharUpa paryAya utpanna kara lete haiM usa taraha do cetana milakara saMyukta paryAya utpanna nahIM kara sakate, pratyeka cetanakA sadA svatantra pariNamana rahegA / 5. pratyeka dravyakI apanI mUla dravyazaktiyA~ aura yogyatAe~ samAnarUpase sunizcita haiM, unameM heraphera nahIM ho sakatA / koI naI zakti kAraNAntarase aisI nahIM A sakatI, jisakA astitva dravyameM na ho / isI taraha koI vidyamAna zakti sarvathA vinaSTa nahIM ho sakatI / 6. dravyagata zaktiyoMke samAna honepara bhI amuka cetana yA acetanameM sthUlaparyAya-sambandhI amuka yogyatAe~ bhI niyata haiM / unameM jisakI sAmagrI mila jAtI hai usakA vikAsa ho jAtA hai / jaise ki pratyeka pudgalANumeM pudgalakI sabhI dravyayogyatAe~ rahanepara bhI miTTIke pudgala hI sAkSAt ghar3A bana sakate haiM, kaMkar3oMke pudgala nahIM, tantuke pudgala hI sAkSAt kapar3A bana sakate haiM, miTTI ke pudgala nahIM / yadyapi ghar3A aura kapar3A donoM hI pudgalakI paryAyeM haiM / hA~, kAlAntara meM paramparAse badalate hue miTTI ke pudgala bhI kapar3A bana sakate haiN| aura tantuke pudgala bhI ghar3A / tAtparya yaha ki saMsArI jIva aura pudgaloMkI mUlataH samAna zaktiyA~ honepara bhI amuka sthUla paryAyameM amuka zaktiyA~ hI sAkSAt vikasita ho sakatI haiM / zeSa zaktiyA~ bAhya sAmagrI milanepara bhI tatkAla vikasita nahIM ho sakatIM / 7. yaha niyata hai ki usa dravyakI usa sthUla paryAya meM jitanI paryAyayogyatAe~ haiM unameMse hI jisa-jisakI anukUla sAmagrI milatI hai usa usakA vikAsa hotA hai, zeSa paryAyayogyatAe~ dravyakI mUlayogyatAoMkI taraha sadbhAva meM hI rahatI haiM / 8. yaha bhI niyata hai ki agale kSaNameM jisa prakArako sAmagrI upasthita hogI, dravyakA pariNamana usase prabhAvita hogA / sAmagrIke antargata jo bhI dravya haiM, unake pariNamana bhI isa dravyase prabhAvita hoMge / jaise ki oNksijanake paramANuko yadi hAiDrojanakA nimitta nahIM milatA to vaha oNksIjanake rUpameM hI pariNata raha jAtA hai, para yadi hAiDrojanakA nimitta mila jAtA hai to donoMkA hI jala

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lokavyavasthA rUpase parivartana ho jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki pudgala aura saMsArI jIvoMke pariNamana apanI tatkAlIna sAmagrIke anusAra paraspara prabhAvita hote rahate haiM / kintu kevala yahI anizcita hai ki 'agale kSaNameM kisakA kyA pariNAma hogA? kauna-sI paryAya vikAsako prApta hogI? yA kisa prakArakI sAmagrI upasthita hogI ?' yaha to paristhiti aura yogAyogake Upara nirbhara karatA hai / jaisI sAmagrI upasthita hogI usake anusAra paraspara prabhAvita hokara tAtkAlika pariNamana hote jaayeNge| jaise eka miTTIkA piMDa hai, usameM ghar3A, sakorA, pyAlA Adi aneka pariNamanoMke vikAsakA avasara hai| aba kumhArakI icchA, prayatna aura cakra Adi jaisI sAmagrI milatI hai usake anusAra amuka paryAya prakaTa ho jAtI hai| usa samaya na kevala miTTIke piMDakA hI pariNamana hogA, kintu cakra aura kumhArakI bhI usa sAmagrIke anusAra paryAya utpanna hogii| padArthoM ke kAryakAraNabhAva niyata haiM / 'amuka kAraNasAmagrIke honepara amuka kArya utpanna hotA hai' isa prakArake ananta kAryakAraNabhAva upAdAna aura nimittakI yogyatAnusAra nizcita haiM / unakI zaktike anusAra unameM tAratamya bhI hotA rahatA hai| jaise gIle IMdhana aura agnike saMyogase dhuA~ hotA hai, yaha eka sAdhAraNa kAryakAraNabhAva hai| aba nIle iMdhana aura agnikI jitanI zakti hogI usake anusAra usameM pracuratA yA nyUnatAkamIbezI ho sakatI hai| koI manuSya baiThA huA hai, usake manameM koI-na-koI vicAra pratikSaNa AnA hI caahiye| aba yadi vaha sinemA dekhane calA jAtA hai to tadanusAra usakA mAnasa pravRtta hogA aura yadi sAdhuke satsaMgameM baiTha jAtA hai to dUsare hI bhavya bhAva usake manameM utpanna hoNge| tAtparya yaha ki pratyeka pariNamana apanI tatkAlIna upAdAna-yogyatA aura sAmagrIke anusAra vikasita hote haiM / yaha samajhanA ki 'sabakA bhaviSya sunizcita hai aura usa sunizcita anantakAlIna kAryakramapara sArA jagat cala rahA hai' mahAn bhrama hai| isa prakArakA niyativAda na kevala karttavyabhraSTa hI karatA hai apitu puruSake ananta bala, vIrya, parAkrama, utthAna aura pauruSako hI samApta kara detA hai / jaba jagatke pratyeka padArthakA anantakAlIna kAryakrama nizcita hai aura saba apanI niyati kI paTarIpara DhaMDakate jA rahe haiM, taba zAstropadeza, zikSA, dIkSA aura unnatike upadeza tathA preraNAe~ bekAra haiM / isa niyativAdameM kyA sadAcAra aura kyA durAcAra ? strI aura puruSakA usa samaya vaisA saMyoga honA hI thaa| jisane jisakI hatyA kI usakA usake hAthase vaisA honA hI thaa| jise hatyAke aparAdhameM pakar3A jAtA hai, vaha bhI jaba niyatike paravaza thA taba usakA svAtaMtrya kahA~ hai, jisase use hatyAkA karttA kahA jAya ? yadi vaha yaha cAhatA ki 'maiM hatyA na karU~ aura na kara sakatA' to hI

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jainadarzana usakI svatantratA kahI jA sakatI hai, para usake cAhane nacAhanekA prazna hI nahIM hai| A0 kundakundakA akartRtvavAda : AcArya kundakundane 'samayasAra'meM' likhA hai ki 'koI dravya dUsare dravyameM koI guNotpAda nahIM kara sktaa| eka dravya dUsare dravyameM kucha nayA utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| isalie sabhI dravya apane-apane svabhAvake anusAra utpanna rahate haiN|' isa svabhAvakA varNana karanevAlI gAthAko kucha vidvAn niyativAdake samarthanameM lagAte haiN| para isa gAthAmeM sIdhI bAta to yahI batAI hai ki koI dravya dUsare dravyameM koI nayA guNa nahIM lA sakatA, jo AyagA vaha upAdAna yogyatAke anusAra hI aaygaa| koI bhI nimitta upAdAnadravyameM asadbhUta zaktikA utpAdaka nahIM ho sakatA, vaha to kevala sadbhUta zaktikA saMskAraka yA vikAsaka hai| isIlie gAthAke dvitIyArdhameM spaSTa likhA hai ki 'pratyeka dravya apane svabhAvake anusAra utpanna hote haiN|' pratyeka dravyameM tatkAlameM bhI vikasita honevAle aneka svabhAva aura zaktiyA~ haiN| unameMse amuka svabhAvakA prakaTa honA yA pariNamana honA tatkAlIna sAmagrIke Upara nirbhara karatA hai| bhaviSya anizcita hai| kucha sthUla kAryakAraNabhAva banAye jA sakate haiM, para kAraNakA avazya hI kArya utpanna karanA sAmagrIkI samagratA aura avikalatApara nirbhara hai|2 "nAvazyakAraNAni kAryavanti bhavanti"-kAraNa avazya hI kAryavAle hoM, yaha niyama nahIM hai / para ve kAraNa avazya hI kAryako utpanna kareMge, jisakI samagratA aura nirbAdhatAkI gAranTI ho| AcArya kundakundane jahA~ pratyeka padArthake svabhAvAnusAra pariNamanakI carcA kI hai vahA~ dravyoMke paraspara nimitta-naimittikabhAvako bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| yaha parAkartRtva nimittake ahaMkArakI nivRttike liye hai / koI nimitta itanA ahaMkArI na ho jAya ki vaha samajha baiThe ki maiMne isa dravyakA saba kucha kara diyA hai| vastutaH nayA kucha huA nahIM, jo usameM thA, usakA hI eka aMza prakaTa huA hai| jIva aura karmapudgalake paraspara nimittanaimittikabhAvakI carcA karate hue A0 kundakundane svayaM likhA hai ki "jIvapariNAmahe, kammattaM puggalA prinnmNti| puggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvo vi pariNamadi // 1. dekho, gAthA pR0 82 pr| 2, nyAyabi0 TIkA 2 / 46 /

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kalavyavasthA vikuvvadi kammaguNe jIvo kammaM tava jIvaguNe / aNNoSNaNimittaM tu kattA AdA saeNa bhAveNa || puggalakammakadANaM Na du kattA savvabhAvANaM // " - samayasAra gA0 86-88 / arthAt jIvake bhAvoMke nimittase pudgaloMkI karmarUpa paryAya hotI hai aura pudgalakarmoMke nimittase jIva rAgAdirUpase pariNamana karatA hai / itanA vizeSa hai ki jIva upAdAna banakara pudgalake guNarUpase pariNamana nahIM kara sakatA aura na pudgala upAdAna banakara jIvake guNarUpase pariNata ho sakatA hai / kevala paraspara nimittanaimittika sambandhake anusAra donoMkA pariNamana hotA hai / ataH AtmA upAdAnadRSTise apane bhAvoMkA kartA hai, vaha pudgalakarmake jJAnAvaraNAdi dravyakarmarUpa pariNamanakA karttA nahIM hai / isa spaSTa kathanakA phalitArtha yaha hai ki paraspara nimittanaimittikabhAva honepara bhI hara dravya apane guNa-paryAyoM kA hI karttA ho sakatA hai / adhyAtmameM kartRtvavyavahAra upAdAnamUlaka hai / adhyAtma aura vyavahArakA yaha mUlabhUta antara hai ki adhyAtmakSetrameM padArthoMke mUla svarUpa aura zaktiyoMkA vicAra hotA hai tathA usI ke AdhArase nirUpaNa hotA hai jaba ki vyavahArameM paranimittakI pradhAnatA se kathana kiyA jAtA hai / ' kumhArane ghar3A banAyA' yaha vyavahAra nimittamUlaka hai kyoMki 'ghar3A' paryAya kumhArakI nahIM hai kintu una paramANuoMkI hai jo ghar3e ke rUpameM pariNata hue haiM / kumhArane ghar3A banAte samaya bhI apane yogahalanacalana aura upayogarUpase hI pariNati kI hai / usakA sannidhAna pAkara miTTIke paramANuoMne ghaTa paryAyarUpase pariNati kara lI hai / isa taraha hara dravya apane pariNamanakA svayaM upAdAnamUlaka karttA hai / A0 kundakundane isa taraha nimittamUlaka kartRtvavyavahArako adhyAtmakSetrameM nahIM mAnA hai / para svakartRtva to unheM hara taraha iSTa hai hI, aura usIkA samarthana aura vivecana unane vizada rItise kiyA hai / parantu isa niyativAdameM to svakartRtva hI nahIM hai / hara dravyakI pratikSaNakI ananta bhaviSyatkAlIna paryAyeM krama-kramase sunizcita haiM / vaha unakI dhArAko nahIM badala sakatA / vaha kevala niyatipizAcinIkA krIDAsthala hai aura usake yantrase anantakAla taka paricAlita rahegA / agale kSaNako vaha asatse sat yA tamase prakAzakI ora le jAnemeM apane utthAna, bala, vIrya, parAkrama yA pauruSakA kucha bhI upayoga nahIM kara sakatA / jaba vaha apane bhAvoMko hI nahIM badala sakatA, taba svakartRtva kahA~ rahA ? tathya yaha hai ki bhaviSya ke pratyeka kSaNakA amuka rUpa honA anizcita hai / mAtra itanA nizcita hai ki kucha-na-kucha hogA

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jainadarzana avazya / dravyazabda svayaM 'bhavya' hone yogya, yogyatA aura zaktikA vAcaka hai / dravya usa pighale hue momake samAna hai, jise kisI-na-kisI sA~ce meM DhalanA hai / yaha nizcita nahIM hai ki vaha kisa sA~ce meM DhalegA / jo AtmAe~ abuddha aura puruSArthahIna haiM unake sambandhameM kadAcit bhaviSyavANI kI bhI jA sakatI ho ki agale kSaNameM inakA yaha pariNamana hogA / para sAmagrIkI pUrNatA aura prakRtipara vijaya karaneko dRr3hapratijJa AtmAke sambandha meM koI bhaviSya kahanA asaMbhava hai / kAraNa ki bhaviSya svayaM anizcita hai / vaha jaisA cAhe vaisA eka sImA taka banAyA jA sakatA hai / pratisamaya vikasita honeke liye saikar3oM yogyatAyeM haiM / jinakI sAmagrI jaba jisa rUpa meM mila jAtI hai yA milAI jAtI haiM ve yogyatAe~ kAryarUpameM pariNata ho jAtI haiM / yadyapi AtmAkI saMsArI avasthA meM nitAnta paratantra sthiti hai aura vaha eka prakArase yantrArUDhakI taraha pariNamana karatA jAtA hai / phira bhI usa dravyakI nija sAmarthya yaha hai ki vaha ruke aura soce, tathA apane mArgako svayaM mor3akara use naI dizA de / 70 atIta kAryake balapara Apa niyatiko jitanA cAhe kudAie, para bhaviSyake sambandhameM usakI sImA hai / koI bhayaMkara aniSTa yadi ho jAtA hai to santoSake liye 'jo honA thA so huA' isa prakAra niyatikI saMjIvanI ucita kArya karatI bhI hai / jo kArya jaba ho cukA use niyata kahane meM koI zAbdika aura Arthika virodha nahIM hai / kintu bhaviSyake liye niyata ( done ) kahanA arthaviruddha to hai hI, zabdaviruddha bhI hai / bhaviSya ( to be ) to niyaMsyat yA niryasyamAna ( will be done ) hogA na ki niyata ( done ) / atItako niyata ( done ) kahiye, vartamAnako niyamyamAna ( being ) aura bhaviSyako niyaMsyat ( will be done ) / adhyAtmakI akartRtva bhAvanAkA bhAvanIya artha yaha hai ki nimittabhUta vyakti ko anucita ahaMkAra utpanna na ho / eka adhyApaka kakSAmeM aneka chAtroMko par3hAtA hai / adhyApaka ke zabda saba chAtroMke kAnameM TakarAte haiM, para vikAsa eka chAtrakA prathama zreNIkA, dUsarekA dvitIya zreNIkA tathA tIsarekA tRtIya zreNIkA hotA hai / ataH adhyApaka yadi nimitta hone ke kAraNa yaha ahaMkAra kare ki maiMne isa lar3ake jJAna utpanna kara diyA, to vaha eka aMzameM vyartha hI hai; kyoMki yadi adhyApaka zabdoMmeM jJAnake utpanna karanekI kSamatA thI, to sabameM eka-sA jJAna kyoM nahIM huA ? aura zabda to divAloMmeM bhI TakarAye hoMge, unameM jJAna kyoM nahIM utpanna huA ? ataH guruko 'kartRtva' kA durahaMkAra utpanna na honeke lie

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71 lokavyavasthA usa akartRtva bhAvanAkA upayoga hai| isa akartRtvakI sImA parAkartRtva hai; svAkartRtva nhiiN| para niyativAda to svakartRtvako hI samApta kara detA hai; kyoMki isameM saba kucha niyata hai| puNya aura pApa kyA ?: ___ jaba pratyeka jIvakA pratisamayakA kAryakrama nizcita hai arthAt parakartRtva to hai hI nahIM, sAtha hI svakartRtva bhI nahIM hai taba kyA puNya aura kyA pApa ? kyA sadAcAra aura kyA durAcAra ? jaba pratyeka ghaTanA pUrvanizcita yojanAke anusAra ghaTa rahI hai taba kisIko kyA doSa diyA jAya ? kisI strIkA zIla bhraSTa huA / isameM jo strI, puruSa aura zayyA Adi dravya saMbaddha haiM, jaba sabakI paryAya niyata haiM taba puruSako kyoM pakar3A jAya ? strIkA pariNamana vaisA honA thA, puruSakA vaisA aura bistarakA bhI vaisaa| jaba sabake niyata pariNamanoMkA niyata melarUpa durAcAra bhI niyata hI thA, taba kisIko durAcArI yA guNDA kyoM kahA jAya ? yadi pratyeka dravyakA bhaviSyake pratyeka kSaNakA anantakAlIna kAryakrama niyata hai, bhale hI vaha hameM mAlUma na ho, taba isa nitAnta paratantra sthitimeM vyaktikA svapuruSArtha kahA~ rahA ? goDase hatyArA kyoM ?: ___ nAthUrAma goDasene mahAtmAjIko golI mArI to kyoM nAthUrAmako hatyArA kahA jAya ? nAthUrAmakA usa samaya vaisA hI pariNamana honA thA, mahAtmAjIkA vaisA hI honA thA aura golI aura pistaulakA bhI vaisA hI pariNamana nizcita thA / arthAt hatyA nAmaka ghaTanA nAthUrAma, mahAtmAjI, pistaula aura golI Adi aneka padArthoMke niyata kAryakramakA pariNAma hai| isa ghaTanAse sambaddha sabhI padArthoMke pariNamana niyata the, saba paravaza the| yadi yaha kahA jAtA hai ki nAthUrAma mahAtmAjIke prANaviyogameM nimitta honese hatyArA hai; to mahAtmAjI nAthUrAmake golI calAnemeM nimitta honese aparAdhI kyoM nahIM ? yadi niyatidAsa nAthUrAma doSI hai to niyati-paravaza mahAtmAjI kyoM nhiiN| hama to yaha kahate haiM ki pistaulase golI nikalanI thI aura golIko chAtImeM chidanA thA, isalie nAthUrAma aura mahAtmAjIkI upasthiti huii| nAthUrAma to golI aura pistaulake usa avazyaMbhAvI pariNamanakA eka nimitta thA, jise niyaticakrake kAraNa vahA~ pahu~canA pdd'aa| jina padArthoMkI niyatikA pariNAma hatyA nAmakI ghaTanA hai, ve saba padArtha samAnarUpase niyatiyantrase niyantrita ho jaba usameM juTe haiM, taba unameMse kyoM mAtra nAthUrAmako pakar3A jAtA hai ? itanA hI nahIM, hama sabako usa dina aisI khabara sunanI

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jainadarzana thI aura zrI AtmAcaraNako jaja bananA thA, isaliye yaha saba huaa| ataH hama saba aura AtmAcaraNa bhI usa ghaTanAke niyata nimitta haiM / ataH isa niyativAdameM na koI puNya hai, na pApa, na sadAcAra aura na durAcAra / jaba kartRtva hI nahIM, taba kyA sadAcAra aura kyA durAcAra ? goDaseko niyativAdake nAmapara hI apanA bacAva karanA cAhiye thA aura jajako hI pakar3anA cAhiye thA ki 'cUMki tumheM hamAre mukaddamekA jaja bananA thA, isaliye yaha saba niyaticakra dhUmA aura hama saba usameM pha~se / ' aura yadi sabako bacAnA hai, to pistaulake bhaviSya para saba doSa thopA jA sakatA hai ki 'na pistaulakA usa samaya vaisA pariNamana honA hotA, to na vaha goDaseke hAthameM AtI aura na gA~dhIjIkI chAtI chidtii| sArA doSa pistaulake niyata pariNamanakA hai / ' tAtparya yaha ki isa niyativAdameM saba mApha hai, vyabhicAra, corI, dagAbAjI aura hatyA Adi saba kucha una-una padArthoMke niyata pariNAma haiM, isameM vyaktivizeSakA koI doSa nhiiN| eka hI prazna : eka hI uttara : isa niyativAdameM eka hI prazna hai aura eka hI uttara / 'aisA kyoM huA', 'aisA honA hI thA' isa prakArakA eka hI prazna aura eka hI uttara hai| zikSA, dIkSA, saMskAra, prayatna aura puruSArtha, sabakA uttara bhvitvytaa| na koI tarka hai, na koI puruSArtha aura na koI buddhi / agnise dhuA kyoM huA? aisA honA hI thaa| phira gIlA IMdhana na rahane para dhuMA kyoM nahIM huA ? aisA hI honA thaa| jagatmeM padArthoM ke saMyoga-viyogase vijJAnasammata ananta kAryakAraNabhAva haiN| apanI upAdAna-yogyatA aura nimitta-sAmagrIke saMtulanameM paraspara prabhAvita, aprabhAvita yA ardhaprabhAvita kArya utpanna hote haiN| ve eka dUsareke pariNamanake nimitta bhI banate haiN| jaise eka ghar3A utpanna ho rahA hai| isameM miTTI, kumhAra, cakra, cIvara Adi aneka dravya kAraNasAmagrImeM sammilita haiN| usa samaya na kevala ghar3A hI utpanna huA hai kintu kumhArakI bhI koI paryAya, cakrakI amuka paryAya aura cIvarakI bhI amuka paryAya utpanna huI hai / ataH usa samaya utpanna honevAlI aneka paryAyoMmeM apane-apane dravya upAdAna haiM aura bAkI eka dUsareke prati nimitta haiN| isI taraha jagatmeM jo ananta kArya utpanna ho rahe unameM tattat dravya, jo pariNamana karate haiM, upAdAna banate haiM aura zeSa nimitta hote haiM-koI sAkSAt aura koI paramparAse, koI preraka aura koI apreraka, koI prabhAvaka aura koI aprabhAvaka / yaha to yogAyogakI bAta hai / jisa prakArakI bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNasAmagrI juTa jAtI hai vaisA hI kArya ho jAtA hai / A0 samantabhadrane likhA hai

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lokavyavasthA "bAhyetaropAdhisamagrateyaM kAryeSu te dravyagataH svabhAvaH / " -bRhatsva0 zlo0 60 / arthAt kAryotpattike lie bAhya aura Abhyantara-nimitta aura upAdAna donoM kAraNoMkI samagratA-pUrNatA hI dravyagata nija svabhAva hai| aisI sthitimeM niyativAdakA Azraya lekara bhaviSyake sambandhameM koI nizcita bAta kahanA anubhavasiddha kAryakAraNabhAvakI vyavasthAke sarvathA viparIta hai / yaha ThIka hai ki niyata kAraNase niyata kAryakI utpatti hotI hai aura isa prakArake niyatatvameM koI parivartana nahIM ho sktaa| para isa kAryakAraNabhAvakI pradhAnatA svIkAra karanepara niyativAda apane niyatarUpameM nahIM raha sktaa| kAraNa hetu : jainadarzanameM kAraNako bhI hetu mAnakara usake dvArA avinAbhAvI kAryakA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai| arthAt kAraNako dekhakara kAryakAraNabhAvakI niyatatAke balapara usase utpanna honevAle kAryakA bhI jJAna karanA anumAna-praNAlImeM svIkRta hai / hA~, usake sAtha do zarte lagI haiM- 'yadi kAraNa-sAmagrIkI pUrNatA ho aura koI pratibandhaka kAraNa na AveM, to avazya hI kAraNa kAryako utpanna kregaa|' yadi samasta padArthoMkA saba kucha niyata ho to kisI niyata kAraNase niyata kAryakI utpattikA udAharaNa bhI diyA jA sakatA thA; para sAmAnyatayA kAraNasAmagrIkI pUrNatA aura apratibandhakA bharosA isalie nahIM diyA jA sakatA ki bhaviSya sunizcita nahIM hai| isIliye isa bAtakI satarkatA rakhI jAtI hai ki kAraNasAmagrImeM koI bAdhA utpanna na ho / Ajake yantrayugameM yadyapi bar3e-bar3e yantra apane nizcita utpAdanake A~kar3oMkA khAnA pUrA kara dete haiM para unake kAryakAlameM bar3I sAvadhAnI aura satarkatA baratI jAtI hai| phira bhI kabhI-kabhI gar3abar3a ho jAtI hai / bAdhA AnekI aura sAmagrIko nyUnatAkI sambhAvanA jaba hai taba nizcita kAraNase nizcita kAryakI utpatti saMdigdhakoTimeM jA pahu~catI hai / tAtparya yaha ki puruSakA prayatna eka hadataka bhaviSyakI rekhAko bA~dhatA bhI hai, to bhI bhaviSya anumAnita aura sambhAvita hI rahatA hai| niyati eka bhAvanA hai : isa niyativAdakA upayoga kisI ghaTanAke ghaTa jAnepara sA~sa leneke liye aura manako samajhAneke lie tathA Age phira kamara kasakara taiyAra ho jAneke lie kiyA jA sakatA hai aura loga karate bhI haiM, para itane mAtrase usake AdhArase vastuvyavasthA nahIM kI jA sktii| vastuvyavasthA to vastuke vAstavika svarUpa aura

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jainadarzana pariNamanapara hI nirbhara karatI hai| bhAvanAe~ cittake samAdhAnake liye bhAyI jAtI haiM aura unase vaha uddezya siddha ho bhI jAtA hai; para tattvavyavasthAke kSetrameM bhAvanAkA upayoga nahIM hai| vahA~ to vaijJAnika vizleSaNa aura tanmUlaka kAryakAraNabhAvakI paramparAkA hI kArya hai usIke balapara padArthake vAstavika svarUpakA nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| karmavAda : __ jagatke pratyeka kAryameM karma kAraNa haiM / Izvara bhI karmake anusAra hI phala detA hai| binA karmake pattA bhI nahIM hiltaa| yaha karmavAda hai, jo Izvarake Upara AnevAle viSamatAke doSako apane Upara le letA hai aura nirIzvaravAdiyoMkA Izvara bana baiThA hai| prANIkI pratyeka kriyA karmase hotI hai| jaisA jisane karma bA~dhA hai usake vipAkake anusAra vaisI-vaisI usakI mati aura pariNati svayaM hotI jAtI hai| purAnA karma pakatA hai aura usIke anusAra nayA ba~dhatA jAtA hai| yaha karmakA cakkara anAdise hai / vaizeSikake' matase karma arthAt adRSTa jagatke pratyeka aNuparamANukI kriyAkA kAraNa hotA hai| binA adRSTake paramANu bhI nahIM hilatA / agnikA jalanA, vAyukA calanA, aNu tathA manakI kriyA sabhI kucha upabhoktAoMke adRSTase hote haiN| eka kapar3A, jo amerikAmeM bana rahA hai, usake paramANuoMmeM kriyA bhI usa kapar3eke pahinanevAleke adRSTase hI huI hai / karmavAsanA, saMskAra aura adRSTa Adi AtmAmeM par3e hue saMskArako hI kahate haiN| hamAre mana, vacana aura kAyakI pratyeka kriyA AtmApara eka saMskAra chor3atI hai jo dIrghakAla taka banA rahatA hai aura apane paripAka kAlameM phala detA hai| jaba vaha AtmA samasta saMskAroMse rahita ho vAsanAzUnya ho jAtA hai taba vaha mukta kahalAtA hai| eka bAra mukta ho jAneke bAda punaH karmasaMskAra AtmApara nahIM pdd'te| ___ isa karmavAdakA mUla prayojana hai jagatkI dRzyamAna viSamatAko samasyAko suljhaanaa| jagatkI vicitratAkA samAdhAna karmake mAne binA ho nahIM sktaa| AtmA apane pUrvakRta yA ihakRta karmoke anusAra vaise svabhAva aura paristhitiyoMkA nirmANa karatA hai, jisakA asara bAhyasAmagrIpara bhI par3atA hai| usake anusAra usakA pariNamana hotA hai| yaha eka vicitra bAta hai ki pA~ca varSa pahaleke bane khilaunoMmeM abhI utpanna bhI nahIM hue baccekA adRSTa kAraNa ho| yaha to kadAcit samajhameM bhI A jAya, ki kumhAra ghar3A banAtA hai aura use becakara vaha apanI AjIvikA calAtA hai, ataH usake nirmANameM kumhArakA adRSTa kAraNa bhI ho, para usa vyaktike adRSTako ghar3ekI utpattimeM kAraNa mAnanA, jo use kharIdakara upayoga

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lokavyavasthA meM lAyagA, na to yuktisiddha hI hai aura na anubhavagamya hii| phira jagatmeM pratikSaNa ananta hI kArya aise utpanna aura naSTa ho rahe haiM, jo kisIke upayogameM nahIM aate| para bhautika sAmagrIke AdhArase ve barAbara paraspara pariNata hote jAte haiN| kAryamAtrake prati adRSTako kAraNa mAnaneke pIche yaha IzvaravAda chipA huA hai ki jagatke pratyeka aNu-paramANukI kriyA IzvarakI preraNAse hotI hai, binA usakI icchAke pattA bhI nahIM hilatA / aura saMsArakI viSamatA aura nirdayatApUrNa paristhitiyoMke samAdhAnake lie prANiyoMke adRSTakI Ar3a lenA, jaba Avazyaka ho gayA taba 'arthAt' hI adRSTako janyamAtrakI kAraNakoTimeM sthAna mila gayA; kyoMki koI bhI kArya kisI-na-kisIke sAkSAt yA paramparAse upayogameM AtA hI hai aura viSamatA aura nirdayatApUrNa sthitikA ghaTaka hotA hI hai| jagatameM paramANuoMke paraspara saMyoga-vibhAgase bar3e-bar3e pahAr3a, nadI, nAle, jaMgala aura vibhinna prAkRtika dRzya bane haiN| unameM bhI adRSTako aura usake adhiSThAtA kisI cetanako kAraNa mAnanA vastutaH adRSTakalpanA hI hai / 'dRSTakAraNavaiphalye adRSTaparikalpanopapatteH-jaba dRSTakAraNako saMgati na baiThe to adRSTa hetukI kalpanA kI jAtI hai', yaha darzanazAstrakA nyAya hai| do manuSya samAna paristhitiyoMmeM udyama aura yatna karate haiM para ekakI kAryakI siddhi dekhI jAtI hai aura dUsareko siddhi to dara rahI, ulaTA nukasAna hotA hai, aisI dazAmeM 'kAraNasAmagrI kI kamI yA viparItatAkI khoja na karake kisI adRSTako kAraNa mAnanA darzanazAstrako yuktike kSetrase bAhara kara mAtra kalpanAlokameM pahu~cA denA hai| koI bhI kArya apanI kAraNasAmagrIkI pUrNatA aura pratibandhakI zUnyatApara nirbhara karatA hai| vaha kAraNasAmagrI jisa prakArakI siddhi yA asiddhi ke liye anukUla baiThatI hai vaisA kArya avazya hI utpanna hotA hai / jagatke vibhinna kAryakAraNabhAva sunizcita haiM / dravyoMmeM pratikSaNa apanI paryAya badalanekI yogyatA svayaM hai| upAdAna aura nimitta ubhayasAmagrI jisa prakArakI paryAya ke liye anukUla hotI hai vaisI hI paryAya utpanna ho jAtI hai| 'karma yA adRSTa jagatmeM utpanna honevAle yAvat kAryoke kAraNa hote haiM' isa kalpanAke kAraNa hI adRSTakA padArthoMse sambandha sthApita karaneke lie AtmAko vyApaka mAnanA pdd'aa| karma kyA hai ? phira karma kyA hai ? aura usakA AtmAke sAtha sambandha kaise hotA hai ? usake paripAkakI kyA sImA hai ? ityAdi prazna hamAre sAmane haiM ? vartamAnameM AtmAkI

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jainadarzana sthiti ardhabhautika jaisI ho rahI hai / usakA jJAnavikAsa, krodhAdivikAra, icchA aura saMkalpa Adi sabhI, bahuta kucha zarIra, mastiSka aura hRdayakI gatipara nirbhara karate haiN| mastiSkakI eka kIla DhIlI huI ki sArI smaraNa-zakti samApta ho jAtI hai aura manuSya pAgala aura bebhAna ho jAtA hai| zarIrake prakRtistha rahanese hI AtmAke guNoMkA vikAsa aura unakA apanI upayukta avasthAmeM saMcAlita rahanA banatA hai| binA indriya Adi upakaraNoMke AtmAkI jJAnazakti prakaTa hI nahIM ho paatii| smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, vicAra, kalA, saundaryAbhivyakti aura saMgIta Adi sambandhI pratibhAoMkA vikAsa bhItarI aura bAharI donoM upakaraNoMkI apekSA rakhatA hai| AtmAke sAtha anAdikAlase karmapudgala ( kArmaNa zarIra ) kA sambandha hai, jisake kAraNa vaha apane pUrNa caitanyarUpameM prakAzamAna nahIM ho paataa| yaha zaMkA svAbhAvika hai ki 'kyoM cetanake sAtha acetanakA saMparka haA ? do virodhI dravyoMkA sambandha huA hI kyoM ? ho bhI gayA ho to eka dravya dUsare vijAtIya dravyapara . prabhAva kyoM DAlatA hai ?' isakA uttara isa chora se nahIM diyA jA sakatA, kintu dUsare chorase diyA jA sakatA hai-AtmA apane puruSArtha aura sAdhanAoMse kramazaH vAsanAoM aura vAsanAse udbodhaka karmapudgaloMse mukti pA jAtA hai aura eka bAra zuddha ( mukta ) honeke bAda use punaH karmabandhana nahIM hotA, ataH hama samajhate haiM ki donoM pRthak dravya haiN| eka bAra isa kArmaNazarIrase saMyukta AtmAkA cakra calA to phira kAryakAraNavyavasthA jamatI jAtI hai| AtmA eka saMkoca-vikAsazIlasikur3ane aura phailanevAlA dravya hai jo apane saMskAroMke paripAkAnusAra choTe-bar3e sthUla zarIrake AkAra ho jAtA hai| dehAtmavAda ( jar3avAda) kI bajAya dehapramANa AtmA mAnanese saba samasyAeM hala ho jAtI haiM / 1. 'navanIta' janavarI 53 ke aMkameM 'sAiMsavIkalI' se eka 'TuthaDraga' kA varNana diyA hai| jisakA iMjekzana denese manuSya sAdhAraNatayA satya bAta batA detA hai| 'navanIta' navambara 52 meM batAyA hai ki 'soDiyama peTothala' kA iMjekzana dene para bhayaMkara aparAdhI apanA aparAdha svIkAra kara letA hai| ina iMjekzanoMke prabhAvase manuSyakI una granthiyoMpara vizeSa prabhAva par3atA hai jinake kAraNa usakI jhUTha bolaneko pravRtti hotI hai| agasta 52 ke 'navanIta' meM sAinsa DAijesTake eka lekhakA uddharaNa hai, jisameM 'kromosoma' meM tabadIlI kara denese 12 pauMDa vajanakA kharagoza utpanna kiyA gayA hai| hRdaya aura A~kheM badalaneke bhI prayoga vijJAnane kara dikhAye haiN|

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lokavyavasthA AtmA dehapramANa bhI apane karmasaMskArake kAraNa hI hotA hai| karmasaMskAra chUTa jAneke bAda usake prasArakA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jAtA; ataH vaha apane antima zarIrake AkAra banA rahatA hai, na sikur3atA hai aura na phailatA hai| aise saMkocavikAsazIla zarIrapramANa rahanevAle, anAdi kArmaNa zarIrase saMyukta, ardhabhautika AtmAkI pratyeka kriyA, pratyeka vicAra aura vacanavyavahAra apanA eka saMskAra to AtmA aura usake anAdisAthI kArmaNa zarIrapara DAlate haiN| saMskAra to AtmApara par3atA hai, para usa saMskArakA pratinidhi dravya usa kArmaNazarIrase ba~dha jAtA hai jisake paripAkAnusAra AtmAmeM vahI bhAva aura vicAra jAgrata hote haiM aura usIkA asara bAhya sAmagrIpara bhI par3atA hai, jo hita aura ahitameM sAdhaka bana jAtI hai| jaise koI chAtra kisI dUsare chAtrakI pustaka curAtA hai yA usakI lAlaTena isa abhiprAyase naSTa karatA hai ki 'vaha par3hane na pAve' to vaha isa jJAnavirodhaka kriyA tathA vicArase apanI AtmAmeM eka prakArakA viziSTa kusaMskAra DAlatA hai| usI samaya isa saMskArakA mUrtarUpa pudgaladravya AtmAke cirasaMgI kArmaNazarIrase ba~dha jAtA hai| jaba usa saMskArakA paripAka hotA hai to usa ba~dhe hue karmadravyake udayase AtmA svayaM usa hIna aura ajJAna avasthAmeM pahu~ca jAtA hai jisase usakA jhukAva jJAnavikAsakI ora nahIM ho paataa| vaha lAkha prayatna kare, para apane usa kusaMskArake phalasvarUpa jJAnase vaMcita ho hI jAtA hai| yahI kahalAtA hai 'jaisI karanI taisI bharanI / ' ve vicAra aura kriyA na kevala AtmApara hI asara DAlate haiM kintu AsapAsake vAtAvaraNapara bhI apanA tIvra, manda aura madhyama asara chor3ate haiN| zarIra, mastiSka aura hRdayapara to usakA asara nirAlA hI hotA hai| isa taraha pratikSaNavartI vicAra aura kriyAe~ yadyapi pUrvabaddha karmake paripAkase utpanna huI haiM para unake utpanna hote hI jo AtmAkI nayI Asakti, anAsakti, rAga, dveSa aura tRSNA Adi rUpa pariNati hotI hai ThIka usIke anusAra naye-naye saMskAra aura usake pratinidhi pudgala sambandhita hote jAte haiM aura purAne jhar3ate jAte haiN| isa taraha yaha karmabandhanakA silasilA taba taka barAbara cAlU rahatA hai jaba taka AtmA sabhI purAnI vAsanAoMse zUnya hokara pUrNa vItarAga yA siddha nahIM ho jaataa| karmavipAka: vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki karmapudgaloMkA vipAka kaise hotA haiM ? kyA karmapudgala svayameva kisI sAmagrIko juTA lete haiM aura apane Apa phala de dete haiM yA isameM kucha puruSArtha kI bhI apekSA hai ? apane vicAra, vacanavyavahAra aura kriyAe~

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jainadarzana antataH saMskAra to AtmAmeM hI utpanna karatI hai aura una saMskAroMko prabodha denevAle pudgaladravya kArmaNazarIrase ba~dhate haiN| ye pudgala zarIrake bAharase bhI khiMcate haiM aura zarIrake bhItarase bhii| ummIdavAra karmayogya pudgaloMmeMse karma bana jAte haiN| karmake lie eka vizeSa prakArake sUkSma aura asarakAraka pudgaladravyoMkI apekSA hotI hai| mana, vacana aura kAyakI pratyeka kriyA, jise yoga kahate haiM, paramANuoMmeM halana-calana utpanna karatI hai aura usake yogya paramANuoMko bAhara bhItarase khIMcatI jAtI hai / yoM to zarIra svayaM eka mahAn pudgala piMDa hai / isameM asaMkhya paramANu zvAsocchvAsa tathA anya prakArase zarIrameM Ate-jAte rahate haiM / inhIMmeMse chaTakara karma banate jAte haiM / jaba karmake paripAkakA samaya AtA hai, jise udayakAla kahate haiM, taba usake udayakAlameM jaisI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI sAmagrI upasthita hotI hai vaisA usakA tIvra, madhyama aura manda phala hotA hai| naraka aura svarga meM ausatana asAtA aura sAtAkI sAmagrI nizcita hai| ataH vahA~ kramazaH asAtA aura sAtAkA udaya apanA phalodaya karatA hai aura sAtA aura asAtA pradezodayake rUpameM arthAt phala denevAlI sAmagrIkI upasthiti na honese binA phala diye hI jhar3a jAte haiM / jIvameM sAtA aura asAtA donoM ba~dhI haiM, kintu kisIne apane puruSArthase sAtAkI pracura sAmagrI upasthita kI hai tathA apane cittako susamAhita kiyA hai to usako AnevAlA asAtAkA udaya phalavipAkI na hokara pradezavipAkI hI hogaa| svargameM asAtAke udayakI bAhya sAmagrI na honese asAtAkA pradezodaya yA usakA sAtArUpameM pariNamana honA mAnA jAtA hai / isI taraha narakameM kevala asAtAkI sAmagrI honese vahA~ sAtAkA yA to pradezodaya hI hogA yA usakA asAtArUpase pariNamana ho jaaygaa| ____ jagatke samasta padArtha apane-apane upAdAna aura nimittake sunizcita kAryakAraNabhAvake anusAra utpanna hote haiM aura sAmagrIke anusAra juTate aura bikharate haiN| aneka sAmAjika aura rAjanaitika maryAdAe~ sAtA aura asAtAke sAdhanoMkI vyavasthAe~ banAtI hai / pahale vyaktigata saMpatti aura sAmrAjyakA yuga thA to usameM uccatama pada pAnemeM purAne sAtAke saMskAra kAraNa hote the, to aba prajAtaMtrake yugameM jo bhI uccatama pada haiM, unheM pAnemeM saMskAra sahAyaka hoNge| jagatke pratyeka kAryameM kisI-na-kisIke adRSTako nimitta mAnanA na tarkasiddha hai aura na anubhavagamya hI / isa taraha yadi paramparAse kAraNoM kI ginatI kI jAya to koI vyavasthA hI nahIM rhegii| kalpanA kIjie-Aja koI vyakti narakameM

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lokavyavasthA 79 par3A huA asAtAke udayameM duHkha bhoga rahA hai aura eka darI kisI kArakhAnemeM bana rahI hai jo 20 varSa bAda usake upayogameM AyagI aura sAtA utpanna karegI to Aja usa darImeM usa narakasthita prANIke adRSTako kAraNa mAnane meM bar3I visaMgati utpanna hotI hai| ataH samasta jagatke padArtha apane-apane sAkSAt upAdAna aura nimittoMse utpanna hote haiM aura yathAsambhava sAmagrIke antargata hokara prANiyoMke sukha aura duHkhameM tatkAla nimittatA pAte rahate haiN| unakI utpattimeM kisI-nakisIke adRSTako jor3anekI na to AvazyakatA hI hai aura na upayogitA hI aura na kAryakAraNavyavasthAkA bala hI use prApta hai| karmoMkA phala denA, phalakAlakI sAmagrIke Upara nirbhara karatA hai| jaise eka vyaktike asAtAkA udaya AtA hai, para vaha kisI sAdhuke satsaMgameM baiThA huA taTasthabhAvase jagatke svarUpako samajhakara svAtmAnaMdameM magna ho rahA hai / usa samaya AnevAlI asAtAkA udaya usa vyaktiko vicalita nahIM kara sakatA, kintu vaha bAhya asAtAkI sAmagrI na honese binA phala diye hI jhar3a jaaygaa| karma arthAt purAne saMskAra / ve saMskAra abuddha vyaktike Upara hI apanA kutsita prabhAva DAla sakate haiM, jJAnIke Upara nahIM / yaha to balAbalakA prazna hai / yadi AtmA vartamAnameM jAgrata hai to purAne saMskAroMpara vijaya pA sakatA hai aura yadi jAgrata nahIM hai to ve kusaMskAra hI phUlate-phalate jaaNygeN| AtmA jabase cAhe tabase nayA kadama uThA sakatA hai aura usI samayase navanirmANakI dhArA prArambha kara sakatA hai| isameM na kisI IzvarakI preraNAkI AvazyakatA hai aura na "karmagati TAlI nAhiM Talai"ke aTala niyamakI anivAryatA hI hai| jagatkA aNu-paramANu hI nahIM kintu cetana-AtmAe~ bhI pratikSaNa apane utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya svabhAvake kAraNa avirAma gatise pUrvaparyAyako chor3a uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karatI jA rahI haiM / jisa kSaNa jaisI bAhya aura Abhyantara sAmagrI juTatI jAtI hai usIke anusAra usa kSaNakA pariNamana hotA jAtA hai| hameM jo sthUla pariNamana dikhAI detA hai vaha pratikSaNabhAvI asaMkhya sUkSma pariNamanoMkA jor3a aura ausata hai| isImeM purAne saMskAroMkI kAraNasAmagroke anusAra sugati yA durgati hotI jAtI hai| isI kAraNa sAmagrIke jor3a-tor3a aura taratamatApara hI pariNamanakA prakAra nizcita hotA hai| vastuke kabhI sadRza, kabhI visadRza, alpasadRza, ardhasadRza aura asadRza Adi vividha prakArake pariNamana hamArI dRSTise barAbara gujarate haiM / yaha nizcita hai ki koI bhI kArya apane kAryakAraNabhAvako ullaMghana karake utpanna nahIM ho sktaa| dravyameM saikar3oM hI yogyatAe~ vikasita

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80 jainadarzana honeko pratisamaya taiyAra baiThI haiM, unameMse upayukta yogyatAkA upayukta samayameM vikAsa karA lenA, yahI niyatike bIca puruSArthakA kArya hai| isa puruSArthase karma bhI eka hada taka niyantrita hote haiM / yadRcchAvAda: yadRcchAvAdakA artha hai-aTakalapaccU / manuSya jisa kAryakAraNa-paramparAkA sAmAnya jJAna bhI nahIM kara pAtA hai usake sambandhameM vaha yadRcchAkA sahArA letA hai| vastutaH yadRcchAvAda usa niyati aura IzvaravAdake viruddha eka pratizabda hai, jinane jagatko niyantrita karanekA rUpaka bA~dhA thaa| yadi yadRcchAkA artha yaha hai ki pratyeka kArya apanI kAraNasAmagrIse hotA hai aura sAmagrIko koI bandhana nahIM ki vaha kisa samaya, kise, kahA~, kaise rUpameM milegI, to yaha eka prakArase vaijJAnika kAryakAraNabhAvakA hI samarthana hai / para yadRcchAke bhItara vaijJAnikatA aura kAryakAraNa bhAva donoMkI hI upekSAkA bhAva hai| puruSavAda: 'puruSa hI isa jagatkA kartA, hartA aura vidhAtA hai' yaha mata sAmAnyataH puruSavAda kahalAtA hai| pralaya kAlameM bhI usa puruSakI jJAnAdi zaktiyA~ alusa rahatI haiN|' jaise ki makar3I jAleke lie aura candrakAntamaNi jalake lie, tathA vaTavRkSa praroha-jaTAoMke lie kAraNa hotA hai usI taraha puruSa samasta jagatke prANiyoMkI sRSTi, sthiti aura pralayameM nimitta hotA hai| puruSavAdameM do mata sAmAnyataH pracalita haiM / eka to hai brahmavAda, jisameM brahma hI jagatke cetana-acetana, mUrta aura amUrta sabhI padArthoMkA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai| dUsarA hai IzvaravAda, jisameM vaha svayaMsiddha jar3a aura cetana dravyoMke paraspara saMyojanameM nimitta hotA hai| brahmavAdameM eka hI tattva kaise vibhinna padArthoMke pariNamanameM upAdAna bana sakatA hai ? yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai| Ajake vijJAnane ananta eTamakI svataMtra sattA svIkAra karake unake paraspara saMyoga aura vibhAgase isa vicitra sRSTikI utpatti mAnI hai| yaha yuktisiddha bhI hai aura anubhavagamya bhii| kevaka mAyA kaha dene mAtrase ananta jar3a padArtha, tathA ananta cetana-AtmAoMkA pArasparika yathArtha bheda-vyaktitva, naSTa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jagatmeM ananta AtmAe~ apane-apane saMskAra aura vAsanAoM ke anusAra vibhinna paryAyoMko dhAraNa karatI hai| unake .1 "UrNanAma ivAMzUnAM candrakAnta ivAmbhasAm / prarohANAmiva plakSaH sa hetuH sarvajanminAm // " -upaniSat, uddhRta prameyaka0 pR0 65 /

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lokavyavasthA vyaktitva apane-apane haiM / eka bhojana karatA hai to tRpti dUsareko nahIM hotii| isI taraha jar3a padArthoke paramANu apanA svatantra astitva rakhate haiM / ananta prayatna karanepara bhI do parasANuoMkI svataMtra sattA miTAke unameM ekatva nahIM lAyA jA sakatA / ataH jagatmeM pratyakSasiddha ananta satvyaktiyoMkA apalApa karake kevala eka puruSako ananta kAryoMke prati upAdAna mAnanA korI kalpanA hI hai / ___ isa advaitaikAntameM kAraNa aura kAryakA, kAraka aura kriyAoMkA, puNya aura pApa karmakA, sukha-duHkha phalakA, ihaloka aura paralokakA, vidyA aura avidyAkA tathA bandha aura mokSa AdikA vAstavika bheda hI nahIM raha sktaa| ataH pratItisiddha jagatvyavasthAke lie brahmavAda kathamapi ucita siddha nahIM hotaa| sakala jagatmeM 'sat' 'sat' kA anvaya dekhakara eka 'sat' tattvakI kalpanA karanA aura use hI vAstavika mAnanA pratItiviruddha hai| jaise vidyArthImaNDalameM 'maNDala' apaneApameM koI cIja nahIM hai, kintu svataMtra sattAvAle aneka vidyArthiyoMko sAmUhika rUpase vyavahAra karaneke liye eka 'maNDala' kI kalpanA kara lI jAtI hai, isameM tattat vidyArthI to paramArthasat hai, eka maNDala nahIM; usI taraha aneka sadvyaktiyoMmeM kalpita eka sattva vyavahArasatya hI ho sakatA hai paramArthasatya nhiiN| IzvaravAda : IzvaravAdameM Izvarako janyamAtrake prati nimitta mAnA jAtA hai| usakI icchAke binA jagatkA koI bhI kArya nahIM ho sktaa| vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki jaba saMsArameM ananta jar3a aura cetana padArtha, anAdikAlase svatantra siddha haiM, Izvarane bhI asatse kisI eka bhI satko utpanna nahIM kiyA, ve saba paraspara sahakArI hokara prApta sAmagrIke anusAra apanA pariNamana karate rahate haiM taba eka sarvAdhiSThAtA Izvara mAnaneko AvazyakatA hI kyA raha jAtI hai ? yadi Izvara kAruNika hai; to usane jagatmeM duHkha aura duHkhI prANiyoMkI sRSTi hI kyoM kI ? adRSTakA nAma lenA to kevala bahAnA hai; kyoMki adRSTa bhI to Izvarase hI utpanna hotA hai / sRSTi ke pahale to anukampAke yogya prANI hI nahIM the, phira usane kisa para anukampA kI ? isa taraha jaise-jaise hama isa sArvaniyantavAdapara vicAra karate haiM, vaise-vaise isakI niHsAratA siddha hotI jAtI hai / anAdikAlase jar3a aura cetana padArtha apane utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyarUpa svabhAvake kAraNa paraspara-sApekSa bhI hokara tathA kvacita sathUla bAhya sAmagrIse nirapekSa bhI rahakara svayaM pariNamana karate jAte haiN| isake lie na kisIko ciMtA karanekI 1. dekho-AptamImAMsA 2 / 1-6 /

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82 jainadarzana jarUrata hai aura na niyaMtraNa karanekI / nitya, eka aura samartha Izvarase samasta kramabhAvI kArya yugapat utpanna ho jAne caahiye| sahakArI kAraNa bhI to Izvarako hI utpanna karanA hai| sarvavyApaka IzvarameM kriyA bhI nahIM ho sktii| usakI icchAzakti aura jJAnazakti bhI nitya haiM, ataH kramase kArya honA kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai| ___ jagatke uddhArake lie kisI IzvarakI kalpanA karanA to dravyoMke nija svarUpa ko hI paratantra banA denA hai| hara AtmA apane viveka aura sadAcaraNase apanI unnatike lie svayaM javAbadAra hai| use kisI vidhAtAke sAmane uttaradAyI nahIM honA hai / ataH jagatke sambandhameM puruSavAda bhI anya vAdoMkI taraha niHsAra hai / bhUtavAda : bhUtavAdI pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu isa bhUtacatuSTayase hI cetana-acetana aura marta-amarta sabhI padArthoMkI utpatti mAnate haiN| cetanA bhI inake matase pRthivyAdi bhUtoMkI hI eka vizeSa pariNati hai, jo vizeSa prakArakI paristhitimeM utpanna hotI hai aura usa paristhitike bikhara jAnepara vaha vahIM samApta ho jAtI hai| jaise ki aneka prakArake choTe-bar3e purjose eka mazIna taiyAra hotI hai aura unhIMke paraspara saMyogase usameM gati bhI A jAtI hai aura kucha samayake bAda puoMke ghisa jAnepara vaha TUTakara bikhara jAtI hai, usI tarahakA yaha jIvanayaMtra hai / yaha bhUtAtmavAda upaniSad kAlase hI yahA~ pracalita hai / isameM vicAraNIya bAta yahI hai ki isa bhautika putalemeM, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, jJAna, jijIviSA aura vividha kalAoMke prati jo naisargika jhukAva dekhA jAtA hai, vaha anAyAsa kaise A gayA ? smaraNa hI eka aisI vRtti hai, jo anubhava karanevAleke cirakAlasthAyI saMskArakI apekSA rakhatI hai| vikAsavAdake siddhAntake anusAra jIvajAtikA vikAsa mAnanA bhI bhautikavAdakA eka pariSkRta rUpa hai| isameM kramazaH amIvA, ghoMghA Adi binA rIr3hake prANiyoMse, rIr3hadAra pazu aura manuSyoMkI sRSTi huii| jahA~ taka inake zarIrake AnuvaMzika vikAsakA sambandha hai vahA~ taka isa siddhAntakI saMgati kisI taraha khIMcatAna karake baiThAI bhI jA sakatI hai, para cetana aura amUrtika AtmAkI utpatti, jar3a aura mUrtika bhUtoMse kaise sambhava ho sakatI hai ? / ___ isa taraha jagatkI utpatti Adike sambandhameM kAla, svabhAva, niyati, yadRcchA, karma, puruSa aura bhUta ityAdiko kAraNa mAnanekI vicAra-dhArAeM jabase isa mAnavake jijJAsA-netra khule, tabase barAbara calI AtI hai / Rgvedake eka RSi to cakita

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lokavyavasthA 83 hokara vicArate haiM ki sRSTike pahale yahA~ koI sat padArtha nahIM thA aura asatse hI satkI utpatti huI hai / to dUsare RSi socate haiM ki asatse sat kaise ho sakatA hai ? ataH pahale bhI sat hI thA aura satse hI sat huA hai / to tIsare RSikA ciMtana sat aura asat ubhayakI ora jAtA hai / cauthA RSi usa tattvako jisase isa jagatkA vikAsa huA hai, vacanoMke agocara kahatA hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki sRSTikI vyavasthA sambandhameM Aja taka sahasroM cintakoMne aneka prakArake vicAra prastuta kiye haiM / avyAkRtavAda : bha0 buddha se 'loka sAnta hai yA ananta, zAzvata hai yA azAzvata, jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiM yA abhinna, maraneke bAda tathAgata hote haiM yA nahIM ?' isa prakArake prazna jaba molukyaputrane pU~che to unhoMne inako avyAkRta koTimeM DAla diyA aura kahA ki maiMne inheM avyAkRta isalie kahA hai ki 'unake bAremeM kahanA sArthaka nahIM hai, na bhikSu ke lie aura na brahmacaryake lie hI upayogI hai, na yaha nirveda, zAnti, paramajJAna aura nirvANa ke lie Avazyaka hI hai|' AtmA Adike sambandhameM buddhakI yaha avyAkRtatA hameM sandehameM DAla detI hai / jaba usa samayake vAtA - varaNameM ina dArzanika praznoMkI jijJAsA sAmAnyasAdhakake manameM utpanna hotI thI aura isake liye vAda taka rope jAte the, taba buddha jaise vyavahArI cintakakA ina praznoMke sambandha meM mauna rahanA rahasyase khAlI nahIM hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja bauddha tattvajJAnake sambandha meM aneka vivAda utpanna ho gae haiM / koI bauddha ke nirvANako zUnyarUpa yA abhAvAtmaka mAnatA hai, to koI use sadbhAvAtmaka / AtmAke sambandha meM buddhakA yaha mata to spaSTa thA ki vaha na to upaniSadvAdiyoMkI taraha zAzvata hI hai aura na bhUtavAdiyoMkI taraha sarvathA ucchinna honevAlI hI hai / arthAt unhoMne AtmAko na zAzvata mAnA aura na ucchinna / isa azAzvatAnucchedarUpI ubhayapratiSedhake honepara bhI buddhakA AtmA kisa rUpa thA, yaha spaSTa nahIM ho pAtA / isIlie Aja buddhake darzanako azAzvatAnucchedavAda kahA jAtA hai / pAlI sAhityameM hama jahA~ buddhake AryasatyoMkA sAMgopAMga vidhivat nirUpaNa dekhate haiM, vahA~ darzanakA spaSTa varNana nahIM pAte / utpAdAditrayAtmakavAda : niggaMtha nAthaputta vardhamAna mahAvIrane lokavyavasthA aura dravyoMke svarUpake sambandhameM apane sunizcita vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM / unhoMne SaTdravyamaya loka tathA dravyoMke utpAda-vyaya- dhrauvyAtmaka svarUpako bahuta spaSTa aura sunizcita paddhatise

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84 jainadarzana btaayaa| jaisA ki isa prakaraNake zurUmeM likha cukA huuN| pratyeka vartamAna paryAya apane samasta atIta saMskAroMkA parivartita puJja hai aura hai apanI samasta bhaviSyat yogyatAoMkA bhaMDAra / usa pravahamAna paryAyaparamparAmeM jisa samaya jaisI kAraNasAmagrI mila jAtI hai, usa samaya usakA vaisA pariNamana upAdAna aura nimittake balAbalake anusAra hotA jAtA hai| utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyake isa sArvadravyika aura sArvakAlika niyamakA isa vizvameM koI bhI apavAda nahIM hai| pratyeka satko pratyeka samaya apanI paryAya badalanI hI hogI, cAhe Age AnevAlI paryAya sadRza, asadRza, alpasadRza, ardhasadRza yA visadRza hI kyoM na ho| isa taraha apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa pratyeka dravya apanI upAdAnayogyatA aura sannihita nimittasAmagrIke anusAra pipIlakAkrama yA meMDhakakudAnake rUpameM parivartita ho hI rahA hai / do viruddha zaktiyA~: dravyameM utpAdazakti yadi pahale kSaNameM paryAyako utpanna karatI hai to vinAzazakti usa paryAyakA dUsare kSaNameM nAza kara detI hai| yAnI pratisamaya yadi utpAdazakti kisI nUtana paryAyako lAtI hai to vinAzazakti usI samaya pUrva paryAyako nAza karake isake lie sthAna khAlI kara detI hai| isa taraha isa virodhI-samAgamake dvArA dravya pratikSaNa utpAda, vinAza aura isakI kabhI vicchinna na honevAlI dhrauvya-paramparAke kAraNa vilakSaNa hai| isa taraha pratyeka dravyake isa svAbhAvika pariNamana-cakrameM jaba jaisI kAraNasAmagrI juTa jAtI hai usake anusAra vaha pariNamana svayaM prabhAvita hotA hai aura kAraNasAmagrI ke ghaTaka dravyoMko prabhAvita bhI karatA hai| yAnI yadi eka paryAya kisI paristhitise utpanna huI hai to vaha paristhitiko banAtI bhI hai| dravyameM apane saMbhAvya pariNamanoMkI asaMkhya yogyatAe~ pratisamaya maujUda haiM / para vikasita vahI yogyatA hotI hai jisakI sAmagrI paripUrNa ho jAtI hai| jo isa pravahamAna cakrameM apanA prabhAva chor3anekA buddhipUrvaka yatna karate haiM ve svayaM paristhitike nirmAtA banate haiM aura jo pravAhapatita haiM ve parivartanake thaper3oMmeM itastataH asthira rahate haiN| loka zAzvata bhI hai : yadi lokako samagra bhAvase saMtatikI dRSTise dekheM to loka anAdi aura ananta hai / koI bhI dravya isake raMgamaMcase sarvathA naSTa nahIM ho sakatA aura na koI asatse sat banakara isakI niyata dravyasaMkhyAmeM ekakI bhI vRddhi hI kara sakatA hai| yadi pratisamayabhAvI, pratidravyagata paryAyoMkI dRSTise dekheM to loka 'sAnta' bhI hai| usa dravyadRSTi se dekhanepara loka zAzvata hai| aura isa paryAya dRSTise dekhanepara loka

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lokavyavasthA azAzvata hai| isameM kAryoMkI utpatti meM kAla eka sAdhAraNa nimittakAraNa hai, jo pratyeka pariNamanazIla dravyake pariNAmameM nimitta hotA hai, aura svayaM bhI anya dravyoMkI taraha parivartanazIla hai / dravyayogyatA aura paryAyayogyatA : jagatkA pratyeka kArya apane sambhAvya svabhAvoMke anusAra hI hotA hai, yaha sarvamata sAdhAraNa siddhAnta hai / yadyapi pratyeka pudgalaparamANumeM ghaTa, paTa Adi sabhI kucha bananekI dravyayogyatA hai kintu yadi vaha paramANu miTTI ke piNDameM zAmila hai to vaha sAkSAt ghaTa hI bana sakatA hai, paTa nahIM / sAmAnya svabhAva honepara bhI una dravyoMkI sthUla paryAyoMmeM sAkSAt vikasaneyogya kucha niyata yogyatAe~ hotI haiM / yaha niyatipana samaya aura paristhiti ke anusAra badalatA rahatA hai / yadyapi yaha purAnI kahAvata prasiddha hai ki 'ghar3A miTTIse banatA hai bAlUse nahIM / kintu Ajake vaijJAnika bAko kA~cI bhaTTI meM pakAkara usase adhika sundara aura pAradarzI ghar3A banane lagA hai / 3 ataH dravyayogyatAe~ sarvathA niyata hone para bhI, paryAyayogyatAoMkI niyata tA paristhitike Upara nirbhara karatI hai / jagat meM samasta kAryoMke paristhitibhedase ananta kAryakAraNabhAva haiM aura una kAryakAraNaparamparAoMke anusAra hI pratyeka kArya utpanna hotA hai / ataH apane ajJAna ke kAraNa kisI bhI kAryako yadRcchA -- aTakala paccU kahanA atisAhasa hai / puruSa upAdAna hokara kevala apane hI guNa aura apanI hI paryAyoMkA kAraNa bana sakatA hai, una hI rUpase pariNamana kara sakatA hai, anya rUpase kadApi nahIM / eka dravya dUsare kisI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyameM kevala nimitta hI bana sakatA hai, upAdAna kadApi nahIM, yaha eka sunizcita maulika dravyasiddhAnta hai / saMsArake ananta kAryoMkA bahubhAga apane pariNamanameM kisI cetana prayatnakI AvazyakatA nahIM rakhatA / jaba sUrya nikalatA hai to usake saMparkase asaMkhya jalakaNa bhApa banate haiM, aura kramazaH meghoMkI sRSTi hotI hai / phira sardI-garmIkA nimitta pAkara jala barasatA hai / isa taraha prakRtinaTIke raMgamaMcapara ananta kArya pratisamaya apane svAbhAvika pariNAmI svabhAvake anusAra utpanna hote aura naSTa hote rahate haiM / unakA apanA dravyagata dhauvya hI unheM kramabhaMga karanese rokatA hai arthAt ve apane dravyagata svabhAva ke kAraNa apanI hI dhArAmeM svayaM niyantrita haiM-- unheM kisI dUsare dravyake * niyantraNakI na koI apekSA hai aura na AvazyakatA hI / yadi koI cetanadravya bhI fair dravyakI kAraNasAmagrI meM sammilita ho jAtA hai to ThIka hai, vaha bhI usake pariNamanameM nimitta ho jAyagA / yahA~ to paraspara sahakAritAkI khulI sthiti hai /

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d karmako kAraNatA : jIvoM ke pratikSaNa jo saMskAra saMcita hote haiM ve hI paripAkakAlameM karma kahalAte haiM / ina karmoMkI koI svatantra kAraNatA nahIM hai / una jIvoMke pariNamanameM tathA una jIvoMse sambaddha pudgaloMke pariNamanameM ve saMskAra usI taraha kAraNa hote haiM jisa taraha eka dravya dUsare dravyameM / arthAt apane bhAvoMkI utpatti meM ve upAdAna hote haiM aura pudgaladravya yA jIvAntarake pariNamanameM nimitta / samagra lokakI vyavasthA yA parivartanameM koI karma nAmakA eka tattva * mahAkAraNa banakara baiThA ho, yaha sthiti nahIM hai / jainadarzana isa taraha kAla, AtmA, svabhAva, niyati yadRcchA aura bhUtAdi apanI-apanI maryAdAmeM sAmagrI ke ghaTaka hokara pratikSaNa parivartamAna isa jagat ke dravyake pariNamanameM yathAsaMbhava nimitta aura upAdAna hote rahate haiN| kisI eka kAraNakA sarvAdhipatya jagatke ananta dravyoMpara nahIM haiM / Adhipatya yadi ho sakatA hai to pratyeka dravyakA kevala apanI hI guNa aura paryAyoMpara ho sakatA hai / jar3avAda aura pariNAmavAda : vartamAna jar3avAdiyoMne vizvake svarUpako samajhAte samaya ina cAra siddhAntoMkA nirNaya kiyA hai / ( 1 ) jJAtA aura jJeya athavA samasta sadvastu nitya parivartanazIla hai / vastuoMkA sthAna badalatA rahatA hai / unake ghaTaka badalate rahate haiM aura unake guNa-dharma badalate rahate haiM parantu parivartanakA akhaNDa pravAha cAlU hai / ( 2 ) dUsarA siddhAnta yaha hai ki savastukA sampUrNa vinAza nahIM hotaa| aura sampUrNa abhAvameMse sad vastu utpanna nahIM hotI / yaha krama nitya nirbAdha rUpase calatA rahatA hai / pratyeka sat vastu kisI-na-kisI anya sad vastumeMse hI nirmita hotI haiM, savastuse hI banI hotI hai, aura kisI sadvastuke A~khase ojhala ho jAnepara dUsarI sadvastukA nirmANa hotA hai ? jisa eka vastumeMse dUsarI vastu utpanna hotI hai use dravya kahate haiM / jisase vastue~ banatI haiM aura jisake guNa-dharma hote haiM vaha dravya hai / aura guNoMkA samuccaya jagat hai / yaha jagat kArya-kAraNokI satata paramparA hai / pratyeka vastu yA ghaTanA apanese pUrvavartI vastu yA ghaTanAkA kArya hotI hai, tathA AgekI ghaTanAoMkA kAraNa / pratyeka ghaTanA kArya-kAraNabhAva kI anAdi evaM ananta mAlAkA eka manakA hai / kAryakAraNabhAva ke viziSTa niyamase pratyeka ghaTanA eka-dUsareke sAtha ba~dhI rahatI hai /

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lokavyavasthA ( 3 ) tIsarA siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka vastumeM svabhAvasiddha gati-zakti kiMvA parivartana-zakti avazya rahatI hai| aNurUpa dravyoMkA jagat banA karatA hai| una aNuoMko ApasameM milane tathA eka-dUsarese alaga-alaga honeke lie jo gati milatI rahatI hai vaha unakA svabhAvadharma hai / unako paricAlita karanevAlA, unako ikaTThA karanevAlA aura alaga-alaga karanevAlA anya koI nahIM hai| isa vizvameM jo preraNA yA gati hai, vaha vastumAtrake svabhAvameMse nirmita hotI hai| ekake bAda dUsarI gatikI eka anAdi paramparA isa vizvameM vidyamAna hai| yaha prazna ThIka nahIM hai ki 'prArambhameM isa vizvameM kitane gati utpanna kI' / 'prArambhameM' zabdoMkA abhiprAya usa kAlase hai jaba gati nahIM thI, athavA kisI prakArakA koI parivartana nahIM thaa| aise kAlakI tarkasammata kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI jaba ki kisI prakArakA koI bhI parivartana na rahA ho| aise kAlakI kalpanA karanekA artha to yaha mAnanA huA ki eka samaya thA, jaba sarvatra sarvazUnyatA thii| jaba hama yaha kahate haiM ki koI vastu hai, to vaha nizcaya hI kAryakAraNabhAvase ba~dhI rahatI hai / isIlie gati aura parivartanakA rahanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai / sarvazUnya sthitimese kucha bhI utpanna nahIM ho sakatA / pratyeka vastuko ghaTanAmeM do prakArase parivartana hotA hai / eka to yaha hai ki vastumeM svAbhAvika rItise parivartana hotA hai / dUsarA yaha ki vastukA usake cAroM orakI paristhitiyoMkA prabhAva par3anese parivartana hotA hai / pratyeka vastu dUsarI vastuse jur3I yA saMlagna rahatI hai| yaha saMlagnatA tIna prakArakI hotI hai-eka vastukA cAroM taraphakI vastuoMse sambandha rahatA hai, dUsarI vaha vastu jisa vastuse utpanna huI hai usake sAtha kAryakAraNa-sambandhase jur3I rahatI hai| tIsarI usa vastukI ghaTanAke garbhameM dUsarI ghaTanA rahatI hai aura vaha vastu tIsarI ghaTanAke garbhameM rahatI hai| ye jo sAre vastuoMke sambandha haiM unakI ThIkase jAnakArI ho jAne para yaha bhrAnti yA AzaMkA dUra ho jAtI hai ki vastuoMkI gati kiMvA kriyAke lie koI pahalA pravartaka caahie| koI bhI kriyA pahalI nahIM huA krtii| pratyeka gatise kiMvA kriyAse pUrva dUsarI gati aura kriyA rahatI hai| isa kriyAkA svarUpa eka sthAnase dUsare sthAnapara jAnA hI nahIM hotaa| kriyA-zaktikA kevala sthAnAntara honA yA calAyamAna honA hI svarUpa nahIM hai| bIjakA a~khuA banatA hai aura a~khuekA vRkSa bana jAtA hai, oNksIjana aura haoNiDrojanakA pAnI banatA hai, prakAzake aNu banate haiM athavA lahareM banatI haiM, yaha sArA bananA aura honA bhI kriyA hI hai / isa prakArakI kriyA vastukA mUlabhUta svabhAva hai / vaha yadi na rahatA, to jo pahalI bAra gati detA hai usake lie bhI vastumeM gati utpanna

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jainadarzana karanA sambhava na hotA / vizva svayaM prerita hai / use kisI bAhya prerakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ( 4 ) cauthA siddhAnta yaha hai ki racanA, yojanA, vyavasthA, niyamabaddhatA athavA susaMgati vastukA mUlabhUta svabhAva hai / hama jaba bhI kisI vastukA kiMvA vastusamudAyakA varNana karate haiM taba vastuoMkI racanA, kiMvA vyavasthAkA hI varNana kiyA karate haiM / vastumeM yojanA yA vyavasthA nahIM, isakA artha yahI hotA hai ki vastu hI nahIM / vastu hai, isa kathanakA yahI artha nikalatA hai ki eka vizeSa prakArakI yojanA aura vizeSa prakArakI vyavasthA hai / vastukI yojanAkA Akalana honA hI vastusvarUpakA Akalana hai / vizvakI racanA athavA yojanA kisI dUsarene nahIM kI hai | agni jalAnA svAbhAvika dharma hai / yaha eka vyavasthA athavA yojanA hai / yaha vyavasthA kiMvA yojanA agnimeM kisI dUsare vyakti dvArA lAI huI nahIM hai / yaha to agnike astitvakA hI eka pahalU hai / saMkhyA, parimANa evaM kAryakAraNabhAva vastu svarUpake aMga haiM / hama saMkhyA vastumeM utpanna nahIM kara sakate, vaha vastumeM rahatI hI hai / vastuoMke kAryakAraNabhAvako pahicAnA jA sakatA hai kintu nirmANa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / " jar3avAdakA Adhunika rUpa : 88 mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyanane apanI vaijJAnika bhautikavAda pustakameM bhautikavAda ke Adhunikatama svarUpapara prakAza DAlate hue batAyA hai ki "jagatkA pratyeka parivartana jina sIr3hiyoMse gujaratA hai ve sIr3hiyA~ vaijJAnika bhautikavAdakI tripuTI haiM / ( 1 ) virodhI samAgama ( 2 ) guNAtmaka parivartana aura ( 3 ) pratidear pratiSedha / vastuke udarameM virodhI pravRttiyA~ jamA hotI haiM, isase parivartanake lie sabase Avazyaka cIja gati paidA hotI hai / phira hegelakI dvaMdvavAdI prakriyAke vAda aura prativAda ke saMgharSase nayA guNa paidA hotA hai / ise dUsarI sIr3hI guNAtmaka parivartana kahate haiM / pahale jo vAda thA usako bhI usakI pUrvagAmI kar3I se milAnepara vaha kisIkA pratiSedha karanevAlA saMvAda thA / aba guNAtmaka parivartana - AmUla parivartana jabase usakA pratiSedha huA to yaha pratiSedhakA pratiSedha hai / do yA adhika, eka dUsarese guNa aura svabhAvameM virodhI vastuoMkA samAgama duniyAmeM pAyA jAtA hai / yaha bAta haraeka AdamIko jaba taba najara AtI hai / kintu use dekhakara yaha khyAla nahIM AtA ki eka bAra isa virodhI samAgamako mAna lene para phira vizva ke saMcAlaka IzvarakI jarUrata nahIM rahatI / na kisI abhautika divya, 1. dekho, 'jar3avAda aura anIzvaravAda' pRSTha 60 - 66 / Jain Educationa International 2. pR0 45-46 / For Personal and Private Use Only

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lokavyavasthA 29 rahasyamaya niyamakI AvazyakatA hai| vizvake roma-romameM gati hai| do paraspara virodhI zaktiyoMkA milanA hI gati paidA karaneke lie paryApta hai| gatikA nAma vikAsa hai / yaha 'lenina' ke zabdoMmeM kahiye to vikAsa virodhiyoMke saMgharSakA nAma hai| virodhI jaba mileMge taka saMgharSa jarUra hogaa| saMgharSa naye savarUpa, nayI gati, nayI paristhiti arthAt vikAsako jarUra paidA kregaa| yaha bAta sApha hai| virodhiyoMke samAgamako paraspara antaravyApana yA ekatA bhI kahate haiN| jisakA artha yaha hai ki ve eka hI (abhinna ) vAstavikatAke aise donoM prakArake pahalU hote haiM / ye donoM virodha dArzanikoMko paramArthakI tarAjU para tule sanAtana kAlase eka dUsarese sarvathA alaga avasthita bhinna-bhinna tattvake taura para nahIM rahate balki vaha vasturUpeNa eka haiM-eka hI samaya eka hI sthAna para abhinna hokara rahate haiN| jo karjakhorake lie RNa hai, vahI mahAjanake lie dhana hai| hamAre lie jo pUrvakA rAstA hai, vahI dUsareke lie pazcimakA bhI rAstA hai| bijalImeM dhana aura RNake chora do alaga svataMtra tarala padArtha nahIM haiM / laininane virodhako dvaMdvavAdakA sAra kahA hai / kevala parimANAtmaka parivartana hI eka khAsa sImApara hone para guNAtmaka bhedoMmeM badala jAtA hai|" jar3avAdakA eka aura svarUpa : __ karnala iMgarasola prasiddha vicAraka aura nirIzvaravAdI the| ye apane vyAkhyAnameM likhate haiM' ki-merA eka siddhAnta hai aura usake cAroM konoM para rakhaneke lie mere pAsa cAra patthara haiN| pahalA zilAnyAsa hai ki-padArtha-rUpa naSTa nahIM ho sakatA, abhAvako prApta nahIM ho sktaa| dUsarA zilAnyAsa hai ki gati-zaktikA vinAza nahIM ho sakatA, vaha abhAvako prApta nahIM ho sktii| tIsarA zilAnyAsa hai ki padArtha aura gati pRthaka-pRthak nahIM raha sktii| binA gatike padArtha nahIM aura binA padArthake gati nhiiN| cauthA zilAnyAsa hai ki jisakA nAza nahIM vaha kabhI paidA bhI nahIM huA hogA, jo avinAzI hai vaha anutpanna hai| yadi ye cAroM bAteM yathArtha haiM to unakA yaha pariNAma avazya nikalatA hai ki-padArtha aura gati sadA se haiM aura sadA rheNge| ve na bar3ha sakate haiM aura na ghaTa sakate haiN| isase yaha bhI pariNAma nikalatA hai ki na koI cIja kabhI utpanna huI hai aura na utpanna ho sakatI hai aura na kabhI koI racayitA huA hai aura na ho sakatA hai| isase yaha bhI pariNAma nikalatA hai ki padArtha aura gatike pIche na koI yojanA ho sakatI thI aura na koI buddhi / binA gatike buddhi nahIM ho sktii| binA padArthake gati 1. svatantra cintana pR0 214-15 /

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jainadarzana nahIM ho sakatI / isalie padArthase pahale kisI bhI taraha kisI buddhikI, kisI gatikI saMbhAvanA ho hI nahIM sakatI / isase yaha pariNAma nikalatA hai ki prakRtise pare na kucha hai aura na ho sakatA hai / yadi ye cAroM zilAnyAsa yathArtha bAteM haiM to prakRtikA koI svAmI nahIM / yadi padArtha aura gati anAdi kAlase ananta kAla taka haiM to yaha anivArya pariNAma nikalatA hai ki koI paramAtmA nahIM hai aura na kisI paramAtmAne jagatko racA hai aura na koI isapara zAsana karatA hai / aisA koI paramAtmA nahIM, jo prArthanAe~ sunatA ho / dUsare zabdoMmeM isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki AdamIko bhagavAn se kabhI koI sahAyatA nahIM milI, tamAma prArthanAe~ ananta AkAzameM yoM hI vilIna ho gaIM / yadi padArtha aura gati sadAse calI AI haiM to isakA yaha matalaba hai ki jo saMbhava thA vaha huA hai, jo saMbhava hai vaha ho rahA hai aura jo saMbhava hogA vahI hogA / vizvameM koI bhI bAta yoM hI acAnaka nahIM hotI / hara ghaTanA janita hotI hai / jo nahIM huA vaha ho hI nahIM sakatA thA / vartamAna tamAma bhUtakA avazyaMbhAvI pariNAma hai aura bhaviSyakA avazyaMbhAvI kAraNa / yadi padArtha aura gati sadAse haiM to hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki AdamIkA koI cetana racayitA nahIM huA hai, AdamI kisIkI vizeSa racanA nahIM hai / yadi hama kucha jAnate haiM to yaha jAnate haiM ki usa devI kumhArane, usa brahmAne kabhI miTTI aura pAnI milA kara puruSoM tathA striyoMkI racanA nahIM kI aura unameM kabhI jAna nahIM phU~kI / " samIkSA aura samanvaya------ bhautikavAdake ukta mUla siddhAntake vivecanase nimnalikhita bAteM phalita hotI haiM ( 1 ) vizva ananta svataMtra maulika padArthoMkA samudAya hai / (2) pratyeka maulika meM virodhI zaktiyoMkA samAgama hai, jisake kAraNa usameM svabhAvataH gati yA parivartana hotA rahatA hai / (3) vizvakI racanA yojanA aura vyavasthA, usake apane nijI svabhAvake kAraNa hai, kisI ke niyantraNase nahIM / (4) kisI satkA na to sarvathA vinAza hotA hai aura sarvathA asatkA utpAda hI / (5) jagatkA pratyeka aNu paramANu pratikSaNa gatizIla yAne parivartanazIla hai / ye parivartana pariNAmAtmaka bhI hote haiM aura guNAtmaka bhI / (6) pratyeka vastu saikar3oM virodhI zaktiyoM kA samAgama hai / (7) jagatkA yaha parivartana cakra anAdi-ananta hai /

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lokavyavasthA 91 hama ina niSkarSoMpara ThaMDe dila aura dimAgase vicAra kareM to jJAta hogA ki bhautikavAdiyoMkI yaha vastusvarUpakI vivecanA vastusthitike viruddha nahIM hai| jahA~ taka bhUtoMke viziSTa rAsAyanika mizraNase jIvatattvakI utpattikA prazna hai vahA~ taka unakA kahanA eka hada taka vicAraNIya hai / para sAmAnyasvarUpakI vyAkhyA na kevala tarkasiddha hI hai kintu anubhavagamya bhI hai| inakA sabase maulika siddhAnta yaha hai ki-pratyeka vastumeM svabhAvase hI do virodhI zaktiyA~ maujUda haiM, jinake saMgharSase use gati milatI hai, usakA parivartana hotA hai aura jagatkA samasta kAryakAraNacakra calatA hai| maiM pahale likha AyA hU~ ki jainadarzanakI dravyavyavasthAkA mUla maMtra utpAdana-vyaya-dhrauvyarUpa trilakSaNatA hai| bhautikavAdiyoMne jaba vastuke kAryakAraNapravAhako anAdi aura ananta svIkAra kiyA hai, aura ve satkA sarvathA vinAza aura asatkI utpatti jaba nahIM mAnate to unhoMne dravyakI avicchinna dhArA rUpa dhrauvyatvako spaSTa svIkAra kiyA hI hai| dhrauvyakA artha sarvathA apariNAmI nitya aura kUTastha nahIM haiM; kintu jo dravya anAdi kAlase isa vizvake raMgamaMcapara parivartana karatA huA calA A rahA hai, usakI parivartana dhArAkA kabhI samUloccheda nahIM honA hai| isake kAraNa eka dravya pratikSaNa apanI paryAyoMmeM badalatA huA bhI, kabhI na to samApta hotA hai aura na dravyAntarameM vilIna hI hotA hai / isa dravyAntaraasaMkrAntikA aura dravyakI kisI na kisI rUpameM sthitikA niyAmaka dhrauvyAMza hai| jisase bhautikavAdI bhI inakAra nahIM kara sakate / virodhI samAgama arthAt utpAda aura vyaya : jisa virodhI zaktiyoMke samAgamakI carcA unhoMne dvandvavAda (Diaiectism) ke rUpameM kI hai vaha pratyeka dravyameM rahanevAle unake nijI svabhAva utpAda aura vyaya haiN| ina do virodhI zaktiyoMkI vajahase pratyeka padArtha pratikSaNa utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai| yAni pUrvaparyAyakA vinAza aura uttaraparyAyakA utpAda pratikSaNa vastumeM nirapavAdarUpase hotA rahatA hai| pUrva paryAyakA vinAza hI uttarakA utpAda hai| ye donoM zaktiyA~ eka sAtha vastumeM apanA kAma karatI haiM aura dhrauvyazakti dravyakA maulikatva surakSita rakhatI hai| isa taraha anantakAla taka parivartana karate rahane para bhI dravya kabhI niHzeSa nahIM ho sktaa| usameM cAhe guNAtmaka parivartana hoM yA parimANAtmaka, kintu usakA apanA astitva kisI na kisI avasthA meM avazya hI rhegaa| isa taraha pratikSaNa trilakSaNa padArtha eka kramase apanI paryAyoMmeM 1. 'kAryotpAdaH kSayo hetoniyamAt"-AptamI0 zloka0 58 //

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jainadarzana badalatA huA aura paraspara pariNamanoMko prabhAvita karatA huA bhI nizcita kAryakAraNaparamparAse Abaddha hai| isa taraha 'bhautikavAda'ke vastuvivartanake sAmAnya siddhAnta jainadarzanake ananta dravyavAda aura utpAdAdi trayAtmaka satke mUla siddhAntase jarA bhI bhinna nahIM hai / jisa taraha AjakA vijJAna apanI prayogazAlAmeM bhautikavAdake ina sAmAnya siddhAntoMko kar3I parIkSA de rahA hai isI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIrane apane anubhavaprasUta tattvajJAnake balapara Ajase 2500 varSa pahale jo yaha ghoSaNA kI thI ki'pratyeka padArtha cAhe jar3a ho yA cetana, u pAda vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpase pariNAmI hai / "upapannei vA vigamei vA dhuvei vA" (sthAnA0 sthA0 10) arthAt pratyeka padArtha utpanna hotA hai, naSTa hotA hai, aura sthira rahatA hai / ' unakI isa mAtRkAtridImeM jisa trayAtmaka pariNAmavAdakA pratipAdana huA thA, vahI siddhAnta vijJAnakI prayogazAlAmeM bhI apanI satyatAko siddha kara rahA hai / cetanasRSTi : _ vicAraNIya prazna itanA raha jAtA hai ki bhautikavAdameM inhIM jar3a paramANuoMse hI jo jIvasRSTi aura cetanasRSTikA vikAsa guNAtmaka parivartanake dvArA mAnA hai, vaha kahA~ taka ThIka hai ? acetanako cetana bananemeM karor3oM varSa lage haiN| isa cetana sRSTike honemeM karor3oM varSa yA araba varSa jo bhI lage hoM unakA anumAna to AjakA bhautika vijJAna kara letA hai; para vaha jisa taraha oNksIjana aura hAiDrojanako milAkara jala banA detA hai aura jalakA vizleSaNa kara punaH oNksIjana aura hAiDrojana rUpase bhinna-bhinna kara detA hai usa taraha asaMkhya prayoga karaneke bAda bhI na to Aja vaha eka bhI jIva taiyAra kara sakA hai, aura na svataHsiddha jIvakA vizleSaNa kara usa adRzya zaktikA sAkSAtkAra hI karA sakA hai, jisake kAraNa jIvita zarIrameM jJAna, icchA, prayatna Adi utpanna hote haiN| yaha to nizcita hai ki----bhautikavAdane jIvasRSTikI paramparA karor3oM varSa pUrvase svIkAra kI hai aura Aja jo nayA jIva vikasita hotA hai, vaha kisI purAne jIvita selako kendra banAkara hI / aisI dazAmeM yaha anumAna ki 'kisI samaya jar3a pRthvI tarala rahI hogI, phira usameM ghanatva AyA aura amIvA Adi utpanna hue' kevala kalpanA hI mAlUma hotI hai| jo ho, vyavahArameM bhautikavAda bhI manuSya yA prANisRSTiko prakRtiko sarvottama sRSTi mAnatA hai, aura unakA pRthak-pRthak astitva bhI svIkAra karatA hai|

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lokavyavasthA 93 vicAraNIya bAta itanI hI hai ki eka hI tattva paraspara viruddha cetana aura acetana donoM rUpase pariNamana kara sakatA hai kyA ? eka ora to ye jar3avAdI haiM jo jar3akA pariNamana cetanarUpase mAnate haiM, to dUsarI ora eka brahmavAda to isase bhI adhika kAlpanika hai, jo cetanAkA hI jar3arUpase pariNamana mAnatA hai| jar3avAdameM parivartanakA prakAra, ananta jar3oMkA svataMtra astitva svIkAra karanese bana jAtA hai| isameM kevala eka hI prazna zeSa rahatA hai ki kyA jar3a bhI cetana bana sakatA hai ? para isa advaita cetanavAdameM to parivartana bhI asatya hai, anekatva bhI asatya hai, aura jar3a cetanakA bheda bhI asatya hai| eka kisI anirvacanIya mAyAke kAraNa eka hI brahma jar3a-cetana nAnArUpase pratibhAsita hone lagatA hai| jar3avAdake sAmAnya siddhAntoMkA parIkSaNa vijJAnakI prayogazAlAmeM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usakI tathyatA siddha kI jA sakatI hai| para isa brahmavAdake lie to sivAya vizvAsake koI prabala yuktibala bhI prApta nahIM hai| vibhinna manuSyoMmeM janmase hI vibhinna rujhAna aura buddhikA kavitA, saMgIta aura kalA Adike vividha kSetroMmeM vikAsa Akasmika nahIM ho sktaa| isakA koI Thosa aura satya kAraNa avazya honA hI caahie| samAjavyavasthAke lie jar3avAdako anupayogitA : jisa sahayogAtmaka samAjavyavasthAke lie bhautikavAda manuSyakA saMsAra garbhase maraNa taka hI mAnanA cAhatA hai, usa vyavasthAke lie yaha bhautikavAdI praNAlI koI prAbhAvika upAya nahIM hai| jaba manuSya yaha socatA hai ki merA astitva zarIrake sAtha hI samApta honevAlA hai, to vaha bhogavilAsa AdikI vRttise virakta hokara kyoM rASTranirmANa aura samAjavAdI vyavasthAkI ora jhukegA ? cetana AtmAoMke svatantra astitva aura vyaktitva savIkAra kara lenepara unameM pratikSaNa svAbhAvika parivartana yogyatA mAna lenepara to anukula vikAsakA ananta kSetra sAmane upasthita ho jAtA hai, jisameM manuSya apane samagra puruSArthakA, khulakara upayoga kara sakatA hai| yadi manuSyoMko kevala bhautika mAnA jAtA hai, to bhUta janya varNa aura vaMza AdikI zreSThatA aura kaniSThatAkA prazna sIdhA sAmane AtA hai| kintu isa bhUtajanya vaMza, raMga Adike sthUla bhedoMkI ora dRSTi na kara jaba samasta manuSyaAtmAoMkA mUlataH samAna adhikAra aura svatantra vyaktitva mAnA jAtA hai, to hI sahayogamUlaka samAja-vyavasthAke lie upayukta bhUmikA prastuta hotI hai| samAjavyavasthAkA AdhAra samatA : jainadarzanane pratyeka jar3a-cetana tattvakA apanA svatantra astitva mAnA hai / mUlataH eka dravyakA dUsare dravyapara koI adhikAra nahIM hai / saba apane-apane pariNAmI

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22 jainadarzana svabhAvake anusAra pratikSaNa parivartita hote jA rahe haiM / jaba isa prakArakI svAbhAvika samabhUmikA dravyoMkI svIkRta hai, taba yaha anadhikAra ceSTAse ikaTTha kiye gaye parigrahake saMgrahase prApta viSamatA, apane Apa asvAbhAvika aura aprAkRtika siddha hotI jAtI hai| yadi pratibuddha mAnava-samAja samAna adhikArake AdhArapara apane vyavahArake lie sarvodayakI dRSTise koI bhI vyavasthAkA nirmANa karate haiM to vaha unakI sahajasiddha pravRtti hI mAnI jAnI caahie| eka Izvarako jaganniyantA mAnakara usake Adeza yA paigAmake nAmapara kisI jAtikI uccatA aura vizeSAdhikAra tathA pavitratAkA DhiMDhorA pITanA aura usake dvArA jagatmeM vargasvArthakI sRSTi karanA, tAttvika aparAdha to hai hI, sAtha hI yaha naitika bhI nahIM hai| isa mahAprabhukA nAma lekara vargasvArthI guTane saMsArameM jo azAnti yuddha aura khUnakI nadiyA~ bahAI haiM use dekhakara yadi sacamuca koI Izvara hotA to vaha svayaM Akara apane ina bhaktoMko sApha-sApha kaha detA ki 'mere nAmapara isa nikRSTarUpameM svArthakA nagna poSaNa na kro|' tattvajJAnake kSetrameM dRSTi-viparyAsa honese manuSyako dUsare prakArase socanekA avasara hI nahIM milaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra aura buddhane apane-apane DhaMgase isa durdaSTikI ora dhyAna dilAyA, aura mAnanako samatA aura ahiMsAkI sarvodayI bhUmipara khar3e hokara socanekI preraNA dii| jagatke svarUpake do pakSa : 1 vijJAnavAda : ___ jagatke svarUpake sambandhameM sthUla rUpase do pakSa pahalese hI pracalita rahe haiM / eka pakSa to ina bhautikavAdiyoMkA thA, jo jagatko Thosa satya mAnate rahe / dUsarA pakSa vijJAnavAdiyoMkA thA, jo saMvitti yA anubhavake sivAya kisI bAhya jJeyakI sattAko svIkAra nahIM karanA cAhate / unake matase buddhi hI vividha vAsanAoMke kAraNa nAnA rUpameM pratibhAsita hotI hai| vizapa, varkale, yoma aura haMgala Adi pazcimI tattvavettA bhI saMvedanAoMke pravAhase bhinna saMvedyakA astitva nahIM mAnanA cAhate / jisa prakAra svapnameM bAhya padArthoke abhAvameM bhI aneka prakArake arthakriyAkArI dRzya upasthita hote haiM usI taraha jAgRti bhI eka lambA sapanA hai / svapnajJAnakI taraha jAgRtajJAna bhI nirAlambana hai, kevala pratibhAsamAtra hai| isake matase mAtra jJAnakI hI pAramArthika sattA hai| inameM bhI aneka matabheda haiM 1. vedAntI eka nitya aura vyApaka brahmakA hI pAramArthika astitva svIkAra karate haiN| yahI brahma nAnAvidha jIvAtmAoM aura ghaTa-paTAdi bAhya arthoke rUpameM pratibhAsita hotA hai| 1. "avibhAgo'pi buddhayAtmA viparyAsitadarzanaiH / grAhyagrAhakasaMvittibhedavAniva lakSyate ||"-prmaannvaa0 3 / 435 /

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lokavyavasthA 2. saMvedanAdvaitavAdI kSaNika paramANurUpa aneka jJAnakSaNoMkA pRthak pAramArthika astitva svIkAra karate haiM / inake malase jJAnasaMtAna hI apanI-apanI vAsanAoMke anusAra vibhinna padArthoMke rUpameM bhAsita hotI haiM / 3. eka jJAnasantAna mAnanevAle bhI saMvedanAdvaitavAdI haiM / bAhyArtha kI isa vicAradhArAkA AdhAra yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki pratyeka vyakti apanI kalpanAke anusAra padArthoMmeM zabda-saMketa karake vyavahAra karatA hai / jaise eka pu-takako dekhakara usa dharmakA anuyAyI use 'dharmagrantha' samajhakara pUjya mAnatA hai, pustakAdhyakSa use anya pustakoMkI taraha eka 'sAmAnya pustaka' samajhatA hai, to dukAnadAra use 'raddI' ke bhAva kharIdakara usase pur3iyA bA~dhatA haiM, bhaMgI use 'kUr3A kacar3A' samajhakara jhAr3a detA hai aura gAya-bhaiMsa Adi use 'pudgaloMkA puMja' samajhakara 'ghAsa' kI taraha khA jAte haiM / aba Apa vicAra kIjiye ki pustakameM dharmagrantha, pustaka, raddI, kacarA aura eka khAdya AdikI saMjJAe~ tat - tat vyaktiyoMke jJAnase hI AyI haiM, arthAt dharmagrantha pustaka AdikA sadbhAva una vyaktiyoMke jJAnameM hai, bAhara nahIM / isa taraha dharmagrantha aura pustaka AdikI vyAvahArika sattA hai, pAramArthika nahIM / yadi inakI pAramArthika sattA hotI to binA kisI saMketa aura saMskArake vaha sabako usI rUpameM dikhanI cAhie thI / ataH jagat kevala kalpanAmAtra hai, usakA koI bAhya astitva nahIM / bAhya padArthoMke svarUpapara jaise-jaise vicAra karate haiM- unakA svarUpa eka, aneka, ubhaya aura anubhaya Adi kisI rUpameM bhI siddha nahIM ho pAtA / antataH unakA astitva tadAkAra jJAnase hI to siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / yadi nIlAkAra jJAna maujUda hai, to bAhya nIlake mAnanekI kyA AvazyakatA hai ?" aura yadi nIlAkAra jJAna nahIM hai to usa bAhya nIlakA astitva hI kaise siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ? ataH jJAna hI bAhya aura Antara, grAhya aura grAhaka rUpameM svayaM prakAzamAna hai, koI bAhyArtha nahIM hai / sabase bar3A prazna yaha hai ki -jJAna yA anubhava kisI padArthakA hI to hotA hai | vijJAnavAdI svapnakA dRSTAnta dekara bAhyapadArthakA lopa karanA cAhate haiM / kintu svapnakI agni aura bAhya sat agnimeM jo vAstavika antara hai, vaha to eka choTA bAlaka bhI samajha sakatA hai / samasta prANI ghaTa paTa Adi bAhya padArthoM se 1. "dhiyo nIlAdirUpatve bAhyo'rthaH kiMpramANakaH ? dhiyo nIlAdirUpatve sa tasyAnubhavaH katham // " 95 Jain Educationa International - pramANavA0 3 / 433 / For Personal and Private Use Only

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jainadarzana apanI iSTa arthakriyA karake AkAMkSAoMko zAnta karate haiM aura saMtoSakA anubhava karate haiM, jabaki svapnadRSTi vA aindrajAlika padArthoMse na to arthakriyA hI hotI hai na tajjanya saMtoSakA anubhava hii| unakI kAlpanikatA to pratibhAsakAlameM hI jJAta ho jAtI hai / dharmagrantha, pustaka, raddI Adi saMjJAe~ manuSyakRta aura kAlpanika ho sakatI haiM, para jisa vajanavAle rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-sparzavAle sthUla Thosa padArthameM ye saMjJAe~ kI jAtI haiM, vaha to kAlpanika nahIM hai / vaha to Thosa, vajanadAra, sapratigha aura rUpa-rasAdi-guNoMkA AdhAra paramArthasat padArtha hai| isa padArthako apane-apane saMketake anusAra cAhe koI dharmagrantha kahe, koI pustaka, koI kitAba, koI buka yA anya kucha kahe, ye saMketa vyavahArake liye apanI paramparA aura vAsanAoMke anusAra hote haiM, usameM koI Apatti nahIM hai, para usa Thosa pudgalase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| dRSTi-sRSTikA bhI artha yahI hai ki sAmane rakhe hue paramArthasat Thosa padArthameM apanI-apanI dRSTike anusAra aneka puruSa aneka prakArake vyavahAra karate haiN| unakI vyavahArasaMjJAyeM bhale hI prAtibhAsika hoM, para vaha padArtha, jisameM ye saMjJAyeM kI jAtI haiM, vijJAnakI taraha hI paramArthasat hai| jJAna padArthapara nirbhara ho sakatA hai, na ki padArtha jJAnapara / jagatmeM ananta aise padArtha bhare par3e haiM, jinakA hameM jJAna nahIM hotA / jJAnake pahale bhI ve padArtha the aura jJAnake bAda bhI rheNge| hamArA indriya-jJAna to padArthokI upasthitike binA ho hI nahIM sakatA / nIlAkAra jJAnase to kapar3A nahIM raMgA jA sktaa| kapar3A raMganeke lie Thosa jaDa nIla cAhie, jo Thosa aura jar3a kapar3eke pratyeka tantuko nIlA banAtA hai| yadi koI paramArthasat nIla artha na ho, to nIlAkAra vAsanA kahA~se utpanna hogI ? vAsanA to pUrvAnubhavakI uttara dazA hai / yadi jagatmeM nIla artha nahIM hai to jJAnameM nIlAkAra kahA~se AyA ? vAsanA nIlAkAra kaise bana gaI ? tAtparya yaha ki vyavahArake lie kI jAnevAlI saMjJAe~, iSTa-aniSTa aura sundara-asundara Adi kalpanAe~ bhale hI vikalpakalpita hoM, aura dRSTi-sRSTiko sImAmeM hoM, para jisa AdhArapara ye kalpanAe~ kalpita hotI haiM, vaha AdhAra Thosa aura satya hai / ' viSake jJAnase maraNa nahIM hotaa| viSakA jJAna jisa prakAra paramArthasat hai, usI taraha viSa padArtha, viSakA khAnevAlA aura viSake saMyogase honevAlA zarIragata rAsAyanika pariNamana bhI paramArthasat hI haiM / parvata, makAna, nadI Adi padArtha yadi jJAnAtmaka hI haiM, to unameM mUrtatva, sthUlatva aura taralatA Adi kaise 1. "na hi jAtu viSazAnaM maraNaM prati dhAvati / " nyAyavi0 1 / 69 /

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lokavyavasthA A sakate haiM ? jJAnasvarUpa nadImeM snAna yA jJAnAtmaka jalase tRSAko zAnti aura jJAnAtmaka pattharase sira to nahIM phUTa sakatA ? yadi jJAnase bhinna mUrta zabdakI sattA na ho to saMsArakA samasta zAbdika vyavahAra lupta ho jaaygaa| parapratipattike lie jJAnase atirikta vacanakI sattA mAnanA Avazyaka hai| phira, 'amuka jJAna pramANa hai aura amuka apramANa' yaha bheda jJAnomeM kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai| jJAnameM tattva-atattva, artha-anartha, aura pramANaapramANakA bheda bAhya vastukI sattA para hI nirbhara karatA hai| svAmI samantabhadrane ThIka hI kahA hai "buddhizabdapramANatvaM bAhyArthe sati nA'sati / satyAnRtavyavasthaivaM yujyate'rthAptyanAptiSu // " -AptamI0 zloka 87 / arthAt buddhi aura zabdakI pramANatA bAhyapadArthake honepara hI siddha kI jA sakatI hai, abhAvameM nhiiN| isI taraha arthakI prApti aura aprAptise hI satyatA aura mithyApana batAyA jA sakatA hai| bAhyapadArthoM meM paraspara virodhI aneka dharmoMkA samAgama dekhakara usake virATa svarUpa taka na pahu~ca sakaneke kAraNa usakI sattAse hI inakAra karanA, apanI azakti yA nAsamajhIko vicAre padArthapara lAda denA hai| yadi hama bAhyapadArthoke ekAneka svabhAvoMkA vivecana nahIM kara sakate, to isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki una padArthoMke astitvase hI sarvathA inakAra kiyA jAya / anantadharmAtmaka padArthakA pUrNa vivecana, apUrNa jJAna aura zabdoMke dvArA asambhava bhI hai| jisa prakAra eka saMvedana jJAna svayaM jJeyAkAra, jJAnAkAra aura jJapti rUpase aneka AkAra-prakArakA anubhavameM AtA hai usI prakAra pratyeka padArtha aneka virodhI dharmoMkA avirodhI AdhAra hai|| ___ aphalAtuM tarka karatA thA ki-'kursIkA kATha kar3A hai| kar3A na hotA to hamAre bojhako kaise sahAratA ? aura kATha narma hai, yadi narma na hotA to kulhAr3A use kaise kATa sakatA ? aura caMki do virodhI guNoMkA eka jagaha honA asambhava hai, isalie yaha kar3Apana, yaha naramapana aura kursI sabhI asatya haiN|" aphalAtuM virodhI do dharmoko dekhakara hI ghabar3A jAtA hai aura unheM asatya honekA phatavA de detA hai, jaba ki svayaM jJAna bhI jJeyAkAra aura jJAnAkAra ina virodhI do dharmokA AdhAra banA huA usake sAmane hai / ataH jJAna jisa prakAra apanemeM satya padArtha hai, usI taraha saMsArake ananta jar3a padArtha bhI apanI svataMtra sattA rakhate haiN| jJAna

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jainadarzana padArtha ko utpanna nahIM karatA kintu apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna ananta jar3a padArthoMko jJAna mAtra jAnatA hai | pRthak siddha jJAna aura padArtha meM jJeyajJAyakabhAva hotA hai / cetana aura acetana donoM prakArake padArtha svayaM siddha haiM aura svayaM apanI pRthak sattA rakhate haiM / loka aura aloka : 98 cetana acetana dravyoM kA samudAya yaha loka zAzvata aura anAdi isalie hai ki isake ghaTaka dravya pratikSaNa parivartana karate rahanepara bhI apanI saMkhyA meM na to ekako kamI karate haiM aura na ekakI bar3hatI ho / isIlie yaha avasthita kahA jAtA hai / AkAza ananta hai / pudgaladravya paramANu rUpa haiM / kAla dravya kAlAnurUpa haiM / dharma, adharma aura jIva asaMkhyAta pradezavAle haiM / inameM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla niSkriya haiM / jIva aura pudgalameM hI kriyA hotI hai / AkAza ke jitane hisse taka ye chahoM dravya pAye jAte haiM, vaha loka kahalAtA hai aura usase pare kevala AkAzamAtra aloka | cU~ki jIva aura pudgaloM kI gati aura sthitimeM dharmadravya aura adharmadravya sAdhAraNa nimitta hote haiM / ataH jahA~taka dharma aura adharma dravyakA sadbhAva hai, vahIM taka jIva aura pudgalakA gamana aura sthAna sambhava hai / isIlie AkAzake usa puruSAkAra madhya bhAgako loka kahate haiM jo dharmadravyake barAbara hai / yadi ina dharma aura adharma dravyako svIkAra na kiyA jAya to loka aura alokakA vibhAga hI nahIM bana sakatA / ye to lokake mApadaNDake samAna haiM / loka svayaM siddha hai : yaha loka svayaM siddha hai; kyoMki inake ghaTaka sabhI dravya svayaM siddha haiM / unakI kAryakAraNaparamparA, parivartana svabhAva, paraspara nimittatA aura anyonya prabhAvakatA, anAdi kAlase barAbara calI A rahI haiM / isake lie kisI vidhAtA, niyantA, adhiSThAtA yA vyavasthApakako AvazyakatA nahIM hai / RtuoMkA parivartana, rAta-dinakA vibhAga, nadI-nAle, pahAr3a AdikA vivartana Adi saba pudgaladravyoMke paraspara saMyoga, vibhAga, saMzleSa aura vizleSa Adike kAraNa svayaM hote rahate haiM / sAmAnyataH hara dravya apanI paryAyoMkA upAdAna hai, aura samprApta sAmagrI ke anusAra apane ko badalatA rahatA hai / isI taraha ananta kAryakAraNabhAvoMkI svayameva sRSTi hotI rahatI hai / hamArI sthUla dRSTi jina parivartanoMko dekhakara Azcaryacakita hotI hai, ve acAnaka nahIM ho jAte / kintu unake pIche pariNamanoMkI sunizcita paramparA hai / hameM to asaMkhya pariNamanoMkA ausata aura sthUla rUpa hI dikhAI detA / pratikSaNabhAvI sUkSma pariNamana aura unake ananta kAryakAraNajAlako samajhanA

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lokavyavasthA sAdhAraNa buddhikA kArya nahIM hai| dUrakI bAta jAne dIjiye, sarvathA aura sarvadA atisamIpa zarIrako hI le liijie| unake bhItara nasAjAla, rudhirapravAha aura pAkayaMtrameM kitane prakArake parivartana pratikSaNa hote rahate haiM, jinakA spaSTa jJAna karanA duHzakya hai / jaba ve parivartana eka nizcita dhArAko pakar3akara kisI visphoTaka rAgake rUpameM hamAre sAmane upasthita hote haiM, taba hameM ceta AtA hai| jagat pAramArthika aura svataHsiddha hai : / dRzya jagat paramANurUpa svataMtra dravyoMkA mAtra dikhAva hI nahIM hai, kintu ananta pudgalaparamANuoMke bane hue skandhoMkA banAva hai / hara skandhake antargata paramANuoMmeM paraspara itanA prabhAvaka rAsAyanika sambandha hai ki sabakA apanA svataMtra pariNamana hote hue bhI unake pariNamanoMmeM itanA sAdRzya hotA hai ki lagatA hai, jaise inakI pRthak sattA hI na ho| eka Amake phalarUpa skandhameM sambaddha paramANu amuka kAla taka eka-jaisA pariNamana karate hue bhI paripAka kAlameM kahIM pIle, kahIM hare, kahIM khaTTe, kahIM mIThe, kahIM pakvagandhI, kahIM AmagandhI, kahIM komala aura kahIM kaThora Adi vividha prakArake pariNamanoMko karate hae spaSTa dikhAI dete haiN| isI taraha parvata Adi mahAskandha sAmAnyatayA sthaladaSTise eka dikhAI dete haiM, para haiM ve asaMkhya pudgalANuoMke viziSTa sambandhako prApta piNDa hI / ___jaba paramANu kisI skandhameM zAmila hote haiM, taba bhI unakA vyaktizaH pariNamana rukatA nahIM hai, vaha to avirAmagatise calatA rahatA hai| usake ghaTaka sabhI paramANu apane balAbalake anusAra morcebandI karake pariNamanayuddha Arambha karate haiM aura vijayI paramANusamudAya zeSa paramANuoMko amuka prakArakA pariNamana karaneke lie bAdhya kara dete haiN| yaha yuddha anAdi kAlase calA hai aura anantakAla taka barAbara calatA jaaygaa| pratyeka paramANumeM bhI apanI utpAdana aura vyaya zaktikA dvandva sadA calatA rahatA hai| yadi Apa sImenTa phaikTarIke usa bAyalarako ThaNDe zIzese dekheM to usameM asaMkhya paramANuoMkI atitIvra gatise honevAlI uthala-puthala Apake mAtheko cakarA degii| tAtparya yaha ki mUlataH utpAda-vyayazIla aura gatizIla paramANuoMke viziSTa samudAyarUpa vibhinna skandhoMkA samudAya yaha dRzya jagat "pratikSaNaM gacchatIti jagat" apanI isa gatizIla 'jagat' saMjJAko sArthaka kara rahA hai| isa svAbhAvika, suniyaMtrita, suvyavasthita, suyojita aura susambaddha vizvakA niyojana svataH hai use kisI sarvAntaryAmIkI buddhikI koI apekSA nahIM hai| ___ yaha ThIka hai ki manuSya prakRtike svAbhAvika kAryakAraNatattvoMkI jAnakArI karake unameM tAratamya, hera-phera aura unapara eka hada taka prabhutva sthApita kara

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100 jainadarzana sakatA hai, aura isa yAMtrika yugameM manuSyane vizAlakAya yantroMmeM prakRtike aNupuJjoMko svecchita pariNamana karaneke lie bAdhya bhI kiyA hai| aura jaba taka yaMtrakA paMjA unako daboce hai taba taka ve barAbara apanI dravyayogyatAke anusAra usa rUpase pariNamana kara bhI rahe haiM aura karate bhI raheMge, kintu ananta mahAsamudrameM bubudke samAna ina yaMtroMkA kitanA-sA prabhutva ? isI taraha ananta paramANuoMke niyantraka eka IzvarakI kalpanA manuSyake apane kamajora aura Azcaryacakita dimAgakI upaja hai| jaba buddhike uSAkAlameM mAnavane ekAeka bhayaMkara tUphAna, gaganacumbI parvatamAlAe~, vikarAla samudra aura phaTatI huI jvAlAmukhIke zailAva dekhe to yaha sira pakar3akara baiTha gayA aura apanI samajhameM na AnevAlI adRzya zaktike Age usane mAthA TekA, aura hara AzcaryakArI vastumeM use devatvakI kalpanA huii| inhIM asaMkhya devoMmeMse eka devoMkA deva mahAdeva bhI banA, jisakI buniyAda bhaya, kautUhala aura AzcaryakI bhUmipara khar3I huI hai aura kAyama bhI usI bhUmipara raha sakatI hai /

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5. padArthakA svarUpa hama pahale batA Aye haiM ki pratyeka padArtha utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya rUpase vilakSaNa hai| dravyakA sAmAnyalakSaNa pariNamanakI dRSTise utpAdavyaya-dhrauvyAtmakatva hI hai| pratyeka padArtha aneka guNa aura paryAyoMkA AdhAra hai / guNa dravyameM rahate haiM, para svayaM nirguNa hote haiM / ye guNa dravyake svabhAva hote haiM / inhIM guNoMke pariNamanase dravyakA pariNamana lakSita hotA hai| jaise ki cetana dravyameM jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya Adi aneka sahabhAvI guNa haiN| ye guNa pratikSaNa dravyake utpAda-vyaya svabhAvake anusAra kisI-na-kisI avasthAko pratikSaNa dhAraNa karate rahate haiM / jJAna guNa jisa samaya jisa padArthako jAnatA hai, usa samaya tadAkAra hokara 'ghaTajJAna, paTajJAna' Adi vizeSa paryAyoMko prApta hotA hai| isI taraha sukha Adi guNa bhI apanI bAhyAbhyantara sAmagrIke anusAra taratamAdi paryAyoMko dhAraNa karate haiN| pudgalakA eka paramANu rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ina vizeSa guNoMkA yugapat avirodhI AdhAra hai / parivartanapara car3hA huA yaha pudgala paramANu apane utpAda aura vyayako bhI inhIM guNoMke dvArA prakaTa karatA hai, arthAt rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza Adi guNoMkA parivartana hI dravyakA parivartana hai / ina guNoMkI vartamAnakAlIna jo avasthA hotI hai vaha paryAya kahalAtI hai| guNa kisI-na-kisI paryAyako pratikSaNa dhAraNa karatA hai| guNa aura paryAyakA dravya hI Thosa aura maulika AdhAra hai| yaha dravya guNoMkI koI-na-koI paryAya pratikSaNa dhAraNa karatA hai aura kisI-nakisI pUrva paryAyako chor3atA hai| guNa aura dharma : ___ vastumeM guNa parigaNita haiM, kintu parakI apekSA vyavahArameM AnevAle dharma ananta hote haiM / guNa svabhAvabhUta haiM aura inakI pratIti paranirapekSa hotI hai, jaba ki dharmokI pratIti parasApekSa hotI hai aura vyavahArake lie inakI abhivyakti vastukI yogyatAke anusAra hotI rahatI hai / jIvake asAdhAraNa guNa haiM jJAna, darzana, sukha aura vIrya Adi aura sAdhAraNa guNa haiM vastutva, prameyatva, sattva Adi / pudgalake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza asAdhAraNa guNa haiM / dharma dravyakA gatihetutva, adharma dravyakA sthitihetutva, AkAzakA avagAhananimittatva aura kAlakA vartanA1. "guNaparyayavad dravyam |"-tttvaarthsuutr 5 / 38 / 2. "dravyAzrayA nirguNA gunnaaH|"-tttvaarthsuutr 5 / 40 /

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jainadarzana hetutva asAdhAraNa guNa hai| inake sAdhAraNa guNa vastutva, sattva, prameyatva aura abhidheyatva Adi haiM / jIvameM jJAnAdi guNoMkI sattA aura pratIti paranirapekSa arthAt svAbhAvika hai, kintu choTApana-bar3Apana, pitRtva-putratva aura gurutva-ziSyatva Adi dharma parasApekSa haiN| yadyapi inakI yogyatA jIvameM hai, para jJAnAdike samAna ye svarasataH guNa nahIM haiN| isI taraha pudgalameM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza ye to svAbhAvika-paranirapekSa guNa haiM, parantu choTApana, bar3Apana, eka, do, tIna Adi saMkhyAe~ aura saMketake anusAra honevAlI zabdavAcyatA Adi aise dharma haiM jinakI abhivyakti vyavahArArtha hotI hai| eka hI padArtha apanese bhinna ananta dUra-dUratara aura dUratama padArthoMkI apekSA ananta prakArakI dUrI aura samIpatA rakhatA hai| isI taraha apanese choTe aura bar3e ananta parapadArthoMkI apekSA ananta prakArakA choTApana aura bar3Apana rakhatA hai| para ye saba dharma caMki parasApekSa prakaTa honevAle haiM, ataH inheM guNoMkI zreNImeM nahIM rakha sakate / guNakA lakSaNa AcAryane nimnalikhita prakArase kiyA hai "guNa iti davvavihANaM davvaviyAro ya pajjavo bhnniyo|" arthAt-guNa dravyakA vidhAna, yAnI nija prakAra hai, aura paryAya dravyakA vikAra arthAt avasthAvizeSa hai| isa taraha dravya pariNamanakI dRSTise guNaparyAyAtmaka hokara bhI vyavahArameM ananta paradravyoMkI apekSA anantadharmA rUpase pratItikA viSaya hotA hai| artha sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka hai : ___ bAhya arthako pRthak sattA siddha ho jAneke bAda vicAraNIya prazna yaha hai ki arthakA vAstavika svarUpa kyA hai ? hama pahale batA Aye haiM ki sAmAnyataH pratyeka padArtha anantadharmAtmaka aura utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyazAlI hai| isakA saMkSepameM hama sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka rUpameM bhI vivecana kara sakate haiN| pratyeka padArthameM do prakArake astitva haiM-svarUpAstitva aura sAdRzyAstitva / pratyeka dravyako anya sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyase asaMkIrNa rakhanevAlA aura usake svataMtra vyaktitvakA prayojaka svarUpAstitva hai| isIke kAraNa pratyeka dravyakI paryAyeM apanese bhinna kisI bhI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyakI paryAyoMse asaMkIrNa banI rahatI haiM aura apanA pRthak astitva banAye rakhatI haiN| yaha svarUpAstitva jahA~ itara dravyoMse 1. uddhRta-sarvArthasiddhi 5 / 38 / 2. "dravyaparyAyasAmAnyavizeSAtmArthavedanam / " --nyAyavini0 113 /

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padArthakA svarUpa 103 vivakSitadravya kI vyAvRtti karAtA hai, vahA~ apanI kAlakramase honevAlI paryAyoMmeM anugata bhI rahatA hai / isa svarUpAstitva se apanI paryAyoMmeM anugata pratyaya utpanna hotA hai, aura itara dravyoMse vyAvRtta pratyaya / isa svarUpAstitvako UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahate haiM / yahI dravya kahalAtA hai, kyoMki yahI apanI kramika paryAyoMmeM dravita hotA hai saMtatiparaMparA se prApta hotA hai / bauddhoMkI saMtati aura isa svarUpa / stitvameM nimnalikhita bheda vicAraNIya hai / svarUpA titva aura santAna : jisa taraha jaina eka svarUpAstitva arthAt dhrauvya yA dravya mAnate haiM, usI taraha bauddha santAna svIkAra karate haiM / pratyeka dravya pratikSaNa apanI artha paryAya rUpase pariNamana karatA hai, usameM aisA koI bhI sthAyI aMza nahIM bacatA jo dvitIya kSaNameM paryAyoMke rUpameM na badalatA ho / yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki usakA koI eka aMza bilakula aparivartanazIla rahatA hai, aura kucha aMza parivartanazIla; to nitya tathA kSaNika donoM pakSoMmeM diye jAnevAle doSa aisI vastumeM Aya~ge / kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha mAnaneke kAraNa paryAyoMke parivartita hone para dravyameM koI aparivartiSNu aMza baca hI nahIM sakatA / anyathA usa aparivartiSNu aMzase tAdAtmya rakhaneke kAraNa zeSa aMza bhI aparivartanazIla hI siddha hoMge / isa taraha koI eka mArga hI pakar3anA hogA - yA to vastu nitya mAnI jAya, yA bilakula parivartanazIla yAnI cetana vastu bhI acetanarUpase pariNamana karanevAlI / ina donoM antima sImAoM ke madhyakA hI vaha mArga hai, jise hama dravya kahate haiM / jo na bilakula aparivartanazIla hai aura na itanA vilakSaNa parivartana karanevAlA, jisase eka dravya apane dravyatvakI sImAko lA~ghakara dUsare kisI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyarUpa se pariNata ho jAya / sIdhe zabdoM meM dhauvyakI yahI paribhASA ho sakatI hai ki 'kisI eka dravyake pratikSaNa pariNamana karate rahane para bhI usakA kisI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya dravyAntararUpase pariNamana nahIM honA / ' isa svarUpAstitvakA nAma hI dravya, dhrauvya, yA guNa hai / bauddhoMke dvArA mAnI gaI saMtAnakA bhI yahI kArya hai / vaha niyata pUrvakSaNakA niyata uttarakSaNake sAtha hI samanantarapratyayake rUpameM kAryakAraNabhAva banAtA hai, anya sajAtIya yA vijAtIya kSaNAntarase nahIM / tAtparya yaha hai ki isa saMtAna ke kAraNa eka pUrvacetanakSaNa apanI dhArAke uttaracetanakSaNa ke lie hI samanantarapratyaya yAnI upAdAna hotA hai, anya cetanAntara yA acetanakSaNakA nhiiN|

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104 jainadarzana isa taraha tAttvika dRSTi se dravya yA saMtAnake kArya yA upayogameM koI antara nahIM hai / antara hai to kevala usake zAbdika svarUpake nirUpaNameM / bauddha' isa saMtAnako paMkti aura senA vyavahArakI taraha 'maSA' kahate haiM / jaise dasa manuSya eka lAinameM khar3e haiM aura amuka manuSya ghor3e Adi kA eka samudAya hai, to unameM paMkti yA senA nAmakI koI eka anusyUta vastu nahIM hai, phira bhI unameM paMkti aura senA vyavahAra ho jAtA hai, usI taraha pUrva aura uttara kSazoMmeM vyavahRta honevAlI santAna bhI 'mRSA' yAne asatya hai| isa saMtAnakI sthitise dravyako sthiti vilakSaNa prakArakI hai| vaha kisI manuSyake dimAgameM rahanevAlI kevala kalpanA nahIM hai, kintu kSaNakI taraha satya hai| jaise paMktike antargata dasa bhinna sattAvAle puruSoMmeM eka paMkti nAmakA vAstavika padArtha nahIM hai, phira bhI isa prakArake saMketase paMkti vyavahAra ho jAtA hai, usI taraha apanI kramika paryAyoMmeM pAyA jAnevAlA svarUpAstitva bhI sAMketika nahIM hai, kintu paramArthasat hai| 'mRSA' se satyavyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| binA eka tAttvika svarUpAstitvake kramika paryAyeM eka dhArAmeM asaMkarabhAvase nahIM cala sktiiN| paMktike antargata eka puruSa apanI icchAnusAra usa paMktise vicchinna ho sakatA hai, para koI bhI paryAya cAhanepara bhI na to apane dravyase vicchinna ho sakatI hai, aura na dravyAntarameM vilIna hI, aura na apanA krama chor3akara Age jA sakatI hai aura na piiche| saMtAnakA khokhalApana : ___bauddhake saMtAnakI avAstavikatA aura khokhalApana taba samajhameM AtA hai, jaba ve nirvANameM cittasaMtatikA samUloccheda svIkAra kara lete haiM, arthAt sarvathA abhAvavAdI nirvANameM yadi citta dIpakakI taraha bujha jAtA hai, to vaha citta eka dIrghakAlika dhArAke rUpameM hI rahanevAlA asthAyI padArtha rahA / usakA apanA maulikatva bhI sArvakAlika nahIM huA, kintu isa taraha eka svataMtra padArthakA sarvathA uccheda svIkAra karanA yukti aura anubhava donoMse viruddha hai| yadyapi buddhane nirvANake svarUpake sambandhameM apanA mauna rakhakara isa praznako avyAkRta koTimeM rakhA thA, kintu Ageke AcAryoMne usakI pradIpa-nirvANakI taraha jo vyAkhyA kI hai, usase nirvANakA ucchedAtmaka svarUpa hI phalita hotA hai / yathA 1. "santAnaH samudAyazca pngktisenaadivnmRssaa|" -bodhicaryA0 pR0 334 //

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padArthakA svarUpa "dizaM na kAJcit vidizaM na kAJcit, naivAvani gacchati nAntarikSam / dIpo yathA nirvRtimabhyupetaH / snehakSayAt kevalameti zAntim / / dizaM na kAJcit vidizaM na kAJcit naivAvani gacchati nAntarikSam / AtmA tathA nivRtimabhyupetaH klezakSayAt kevalameti zAntim // " -saundarananda 16 / 28-29 / arthAt-jisa prakAra bujhA huA dIpaka na kisI dizAko jAtA hai, na vidizAko, na AkAzako aura na pAtAlako, kintu telake kSaya ho jAne para kevala bujha jAtA hai, usI taraha nirvANa avasthAmeM citta na dizAko jAtA hai, na vidizAko, na AkAzako aura na pRthvIko / vaha klezake kSayase kevala zAnta ho jAtA hai| ucchedAtmaka nirvANa aprAtItika hai : ____ isa taraha jaba ucchedAtmaka nirvANameM cittako santAna bhI samApta ho jAtI hai, to usa 'mRSA' santAnake balapara saMsAra avasthAmeM karmaphalasambandha, bandha, mokSa, smRti aura pratyabhijJAna AdikI vyavasthAe~ banAnA kaccI nIvapara makAna banAneke samAna haiN| jhUThI saMtAnameM karmavAsanAkA saMskAra mAnakara usImeM kapAsake bIjameM lAkhake saMskArase raMgabhedakI' kalpanAkI taraha phalakI saMgati baiThAnA bhI nahIM jama sktaa| kapAsake bIjake jina paramANuoMko lAkhake raMgase sIMcA thA, ve hI svarUpasat paramANuparyAya badalakara ruIke paudhekI zakalameM vikasita hue haiM, aura unhIMmeM usa saMskArakA phala vilakSaNa lAla raMgake rUpameM AyA hai| yAnI isa dRSTAntameM sabhI cIjeM vastusat haiM, 'mRSA' nahIM, kintu jisa santAnapara bauddha karmavAsanAoMkA saMskAra denA cAhate haiM aura jise usakA phala bhugatavAnA cAhate haiM, usa santAnako paMktikI taraha buddhikalpita nahIM mAnA jA sakatA, aura na usakA nirvANa avasthAmeM samUloccheda hI svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| ataH nirvANakA yadi koI yuktisiddha aura tAttvika svarUpa bana sakatA hai to vaha nirAsravacittotpAda 1. "yasminneva tu santAne AhitA karmavAsanA / phalaM tatraiva sandhatte kArpAse raktatA yathA // " --tattvasaM0 paM0 pR0 182 meM uddhRt|

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106 jainadarzana rUpa hI, jaisA ki tattvasaMgrahakI paJjika (pRSTha 284 ) meM uddhRta nimnalikhita lokase phalita hotA hai "cittameva hi saMsAro rAgAdiklezavAsitam / tadeva tairvinirmuktaM bhavAnta iti kathyate // | " arthAt -- rAgAdi klezase dUSita citta hI saMsAra hai aura rAgAdise rahita vItarAga citta hI bhavAnta arthAt mukti hai / jaba vahI citta saMsAra avasthAse badalatA badalatA mukti avasthA meM nirAsrava ho jAtA hai, taba usakI paraMparArUpa saMtatiko sarvathA avAstavika nahIM kahA jA sakatA / isa taraha dravyakA pratikSaNa paryAyarUpase parivartana hone para bhI jo usakI anAdyananta svarUpasthiti hai aura jisake kAraNa usakA samUloccheda nahIM ho pAtA, vaha svarUpAstitva yA dhrauvya hai / yaha kAlpanika na hokara paramArthasatya hai / isIko UrdhvatA sAmAnya kahate haiM / do sAmAnya : do vibhinna dravyoM meM anugata vyavahAra karAnevAlA sAdRzyAstitva hotA hai, ise tiryak sAmAnya yA sAdRzyasAmAnya kahate haiM / aneka svatantrasattAka dravyoM meM 'goH gauH ' yA 'manuSyaH manuSyaH' isa prakArake anugata vyavahArake kisI nitya, eka aura anekAnugata gotva yA manuSyatva nAmake sAmAnyako kalpanA karanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki do svataMtra sattAvAle dravyoMmeM anusyUta koI eka padArtha ho hI nahIM sakatA / vaha una donoM dravyoMkI saMyukta paryAya to kahA nahIM jA sakatA; kyoMki eka paryAya do atibhinnakSetravartI dravya upAdAna nahIM hote / phira anugata vyavahAra to saMketagrahaNake bAda hotA hai / jisa vyaktine aneka manuSyoMmeM bahutase avayavoMkI samAnatA dekhakara sAdRzya kI kalpanA kI hai, usIko usa sAdRzyake saMskAra ke kAraNa 'manuSyaH manuSya : ' aisI anugata pratIti hotI hai / ataH do vibhinna dravyoM meM anugata pratItikA kAraNabhUta sAdRzyAstitva mAnanA cAhie, jo ki pratyeka dravyameM parisamApta hotA hai / UrdhvatA sAmAnya, jo svarUpAstitvarUpa hai, Upara kahA jA cukA hai / isa taraha do sAmAnya haiM / do vizeSa : isI taraha eka dravyakI paryAyoMmeM kAlakramase vyAvRtta pratyaya karAnevAlA paryAya nAmakA vizeSa hai / do dravyoMmeM vyAvRtta pratyaya karAnevAlA vyatireka nAmakA vizeSa

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padArthakA svarUpa hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki eka dravyakI do paryAyoMmeM anugata pratyaya UrdhvatA' sAmAnyase hotA hai aura vyAvRttapratyaya paryAya nAmake vizeSase / do vibhinni dravyoMmeM anuvRtta pratyaya tiryaka sAmAnya ( sAdRzyAstitva ) se tathA vyAvRtta pratyaya vyatireka nAmaka vizeSase hotA hai| sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka arthAt dravyaparyAyAtmaka : jagatkA pratyeka padArtha isa prakAra sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai / padArthakA sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka vizeSaNa dharmarUpa hai jo anugata pratyaya aura vyAvRtta pratyayakA viSaya hotA hai| padArthakI utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmakatA pariNamanase sambandha rakhatI hai / Upara jo sAmAnya aura vizeSako dharma batAyA hai, vaha tiryak sAmAnya aura vyatireka vizeSase hI sambandha rakhatA hai| dravyake dhrauvyAMzako hI UrdhvatA sAmAnya aura utpAda-vyayako hI paryAya nAmaka vizeSa kahate haiN| vartamAnake prati atItakA aura bhaviSyake prati vartamAnakA upAdAna kAraNa honA, yaha siddha karatA hai ki tInoM kSaNoMkI avicchinna kAryakAraNaparaMparA hai / pratyeka padArthako yaha sAmAnyavizeSAtmakatA usake anantadharmAtmakatvakA ho laghu svarUpa hai| tiryaka sAmAnyarUpa sAdRzyakI abhivyakti yadyapi parasApekSa hai, kintu usakA AdhArabhUta pratyeka dravya judA-judA hai| yaha ubhayaniSTha na hokara pratyekameM parisamApta hai| padArtha na to kevala sAmAnyAtmaka hI hai aura na vizeSAtmaka ho / yadi kevala UrdhvatAsAmAnyAtmaka arthAt sarvathA nitya avikArI padArtha svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai to vaha trikAlameM sarvathA ekarasa, aparivartanazIla aura kUTastha banA rhegaa| aise padArthameM koI pariNamana na honese jagatke samasta vyavahAra ucchinna ho jAyeMge / koI bhI kriyA phalavatI nahIM ho skegii| puNya-pApa aura bandha-mokSAdi vyavasthA naSTa ho jAyagI / ataH usa vastumeM parivartana to avazya hI svIkAra karanA hogaa| hama nityaprati dekhate haiM ki bAlaka dojake cadramAke samAna bar3hatA hai, sIkhatA hai aura jIvana-vikAsako prApta kara rahA hai| jar3a jagatke vicitra parivartana to hamArI A~khoMke sAmane haiN| yadi padArtha sarvathA nitya hoM to unameM krama yA yugapat kisI 1. "parAparavivartavyApi dravyam UrdhvatA mRdiva sthAsAdiSu |"-prii0 4.5 / 2. "ekasmid dravye kramabhAvinaH pariNAmAH paryAyAH Atmani harSaviSAdAdivat / " -parI0 4 / 8 / 3. "sadRzapariNAmastiryak khaNDamuNDAdiSu gotvavat / "-- parI0 4 / 4 / 4. "arthAntaragato visadRzapariNAmo vyatireko gomahiSAdivat |"-priikssaamukh 4 / 9 /

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jainadarzana bhI rUpase koI arthakriyA nahIM ho sakegI / aura arthakriyAke abhAvameM unakI sattA hI sandigdha ho jAtI hai / isI taraha yadi padArthako paryAya nAmaka vizeSake rUpameM hI svIkAra kiyA jAya, arthAt sarvathA kSaNika mAnA jAya, yAne pUrvakSaNakA uttarakSaNake sAtha koI sambandha svIkAra na kiyA jAya to dena-lena, guru-ziSyAdi vyavahAra tathA bandhamokSAdi vyavasthAe~ samApta ho jAyagI / na kAraNa- kAryabhAva hogA aura na arthakriyA hI / ataH padArthako UrdhvatA sAmAnya aura paryAya nAmaka vizeSake rUpa meM sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yaha dravyaparyAyAtmaka hI svIkAra karanA cAhiye / 108

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6. Sadravya vivecana chaha dravya: dravyakA sAmAnya lakSaNa yaha hai-jo maulika padArtha apanI paryAyoMko kramazaH prApta ho vaha dravya hai| dravya utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyase yukta hotA hai| isakA vizeSa vivecana pahale kiyA jA cukA hai| usake mUla chaha bheda haiM-1. jIva, 2. pudgala, 3. dharma, 4. adharma, 5. AkAza aura 6. kAla / ye chahoM dravya prameya hote haiN| 1. jIva dravya : jIva dravyako, jise AtmA bhI kahate haiM, jainadarzanameM eka svataMtra maulika mAnA hai / usakA sAmAnyalakSaNa upayoga hai| upayoga arthAt caitanyapariNati / caitanya hI jIvakA asAdhAraNa guNa hai jisase vaha samasta jar3adravyoMse apanA pRthaka astitva rakhatA hai / bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNoMse isa caitanyake jJAna aura darzana rUpase do pariNamana hote haiN| jisa samaya caitanya 'sva' se bhinna kisI jJeyako jAnatA hai usa samaya vaha 'jJAna' kahalAtA hai aura jaba caitanya mAtra caitanyAkAra rahatA hai, taba vaha 'darzana' kahalAtA hai| jIva asaMkhyAta pradezavAlA hai| cUMki usakA anAdikAlase sUkSma kArmaNa zarIrase sambandha hai, ataH vaha karmodayase prApta zarIrake AkArake anusAra choTe-bar3e AkArako dhAraNa karatA hai| isakA svarUpa nimnalikhita gAthAmeM bahuta spaSTa batAyA gayA hai "jIvo uvaogamao amutti kattA sdehprimaanno| bhottA saMsArattho siddho so vissasoDDhagaI // " -dravyasaMgraha gAthA 2 / arthAt-jIva upayogarUpa hai, amUrtika hai, kartA hai, svadehaparimANa hai, bhoktA hai, saMsArI hai, siddha hai aura svabhAvase Urdhvagamana karanevAlA hai| yadyapi jIvameM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ye cAra pudgalake dharma nahIM pAye jAte, 1. "aparicattasahAveNuppAyavvayadhuvattasaMjuttaM / guNavaM ca sapajjAyaM jaM taM davvaM ti buccaMti ||3||"-prvcnsaar / "daviyadi gacchadi tAI tAI sabbhAvapajjayAI |"-pNcaa0 gaa09| 2, "upayogo lakSaNam"-tattvArthasUtra 2 / 8 /

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jainadarzana isalie vaha svabhAva se amUrtika hai / phira bhI pradezoM meM saMkoca aura vistAra honese vaha apane choTe-bar3e zarIrake parimANa ho jAtA hai / AtmAke AkArake viSaya meM bhAratIya darzanoM meM mukhyatayA tIna mata pAye jAte haiM / upaniSad meM AtmAke sarvagata aura vyApaka hone kA jahA~ ullekha milatA hai, vahA~ usake aMguSThamAtra tathA aNurUpa hone kA bhI kathana hai / vyApaka AtmavAda : 110 vaidika darzanoMmeM prAyaH AtmAko amUrta aura vyApI svIkAra kiyA hai / vyApaka hone para bhI zarIra aura manake sambandhase zarIrAvacchinna ( zarIrake bhItarake ) AtmapradezoMmeM jJAnAdi vizeSaguNoMkI utpatti hotI hai / amUrtta honeke kAraNa AtmA niSkriya bhI hai / usameM gati nahIM hotI / zarIra aura mana calatA hai, aura apanese sambaddha AtmapradezoM meM jJAnAdikI anubhUtikA sAdhana banatA jAtA hai / isa vyApaka AtmavAda meM sabase bar3A prazna yaha hai ki eka akhaNDa dravya kucha bhAgoMmeM saguNa aura kucha bhAgoMmeM nirguNa kaise raha sakatA hai ? phira jaba saba AtmAoMkA sambandha sabake zarIroMke sAtha hai, taba apane-apane sukha, dukha aura bhogakA niyama bananA kaThina hai / adRSTa bhI niyAmaka nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki pratyekake adRSTakA sambandha usakI AtmAkI taraha anya zeSa AtmAoMke sAtha bhI hai / zarIrase bAhara apanI AtmAkI sattA siddha karanA atyanta duSkara kArya hai / vyApakapakSa meM ekake bhojana karane para dUsareko tRpti honI cAhie, aura isa taraha samasta vyavahAroMkA sAMkarya ho jAyagA / mana aura zarIra ke sambandhakI vibhinnatAse vyavasthA baiThAnA bhI kaThina hai / 'sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki isameM saMsAra aura mokSakI vyavasthAe~ hI caupaTa ho jAtI haiM / yaha sarvasammata niyama hai ki jahA~ guNa pAye jAte haiM, vahIM usake AdhArabhUta dravyakA sadbhAva mAnA jAtA hai / guNoMke kSetrase tar kSetra na to bar3A hotA hai, aura na choTA hI / sarvatra AkRtimeM guNIke barAbara hI guNa hote haiM / aba yadi hama vicAra karate haiM to jaba jJAnadarzanAdi AtmAke guNa hame zarIrake bAhara upalabdha nahIM hote taba guNoMke binA guNIkA sadbhAva zarIra ke bAhara kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? aNu AtmavAda : isI taraha AtmAko aNurUpa mAnane para aMgUThe meM kA~TA cubhane se sAre zarIrake AtmapradezoMmeM kampana aura duHkhakA anubhava honA asambhava ho jAtA hai / aNurUpa 1. " sarvavyApinamAtmAnam / " - zve0 1 / 16 / 2. " aGga SThamAtraH puruSaH " -zve0 3 / 13 | kaTho0 4 / 12 / "aNIyAn brIhervA yavAdvA..." - chAndo0 3 14 | 3 |

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Sadravya vivecana 111 AtmAkI sAre zarIrameM atizIghra gati mAnane para bhI isa zaMkAkA ucita samAdhAna nahIM hotA; kyoMki krama anubhavameM nahIM aataa| jisa samaya aNu AtmAkA cakSuke sAtha sambandha hotA hai, usa samaya bhinnakSetravartI rasanA Adi indriyoMke sAtha yugapat sambandha honA asaMbhava hai| kintu nIbUko A~khase dekhate hI jihvA indriyameM pAnIkA AnA yaha siddha karatA hai ki donoM indriyoMke pradezoMse AtmA yugapat sambandha rakhatA hai| sirase lekara paira taka aNurUpa AtmAke cakkara lagAne meM kAlabheda honA svAbhAvika hai jo ki sarvAMgINa romAJcAdi kAryase jJAta honevAlI yugapat sukhAnubhUtike viruddha hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzanameM AtmAke pradezoMmeM saMkoca aura vistArakI zakti mAnakara use zarIraparimANavAlA svIkAra kiyA hai| eka hI prazna isa sambandhameM uThatA hai ki-'amUrtika AtmA kaise choTe-bar3e zarIrameM bharA raha sakatA hai, use to vyApaka hI honA cAhie yA phira aNurUpa?' kintu jaba anAdikAlase isa AtmAmeM paudgalika karmoMkA sambandha hai, taba usake zuddha svabhAvakA Azraya lekara kiye jAnevAle tarka kahA~ taka saMgata haiM ? 'isa prakArakA eka amUrtika dravya hai jisameM ki svabhAvase saMkoca aura vistAra hotA hai|' yaha mAnanemeM yuktikA bala adhika hai; kyoMki hameM apane jJAna aura sukhAdi guNoMkA anubhava apane zarIrake bhItara hI hotA hai / bhUta-caitanyavAda : cArvAka pRthvI, jala, agni aura vAyu isa bhUtacatuSTayake viziSTa rAsAyanika mizraNase zarIrakI utpattikI taraha AtmAkI bhI utpatti mAnate haiN| jisa prakAra mahuA Adi padArthoM ke sar3Anese zarAba banatI hai aura usameM mAdaka zakti svayaM A jAtI hai usI taraha bhUtacatuSTayake viziSTa saMyogase caitanya zakti bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai / ataH caitanya AtmAkA dharma na hokara zarIrakA hI dharma hai aura isalie jIvanakI dhArA garbhase lekara maraNa paryanta hI calatI hai / maraNa-kAlameM zarIrayaMtrameM vikRti A jAnese jIvana-zakti samApta ho jAtI hai / yaha dehAtmavAda bahuta prAcIna kAlase pracalita hai aura isakA ullekha upaniSadoMmeM bhI dekhA jAtA hai / ___ dehase bhinna AtmAkI sattA siddha karaneke lie 'aham' pratyaya hI sabase bar3A pramANa hai, jo 'ahaM sukhI, ahaM duHkhI' Adike rUpameM pratyeka prANIke anubhavameM AtA hai / manuSyoMke apane-apane janmAntarIya saMskAra hote haiM, jinake anusAra ve isa janmameM apanA vikAsa karate haiN| janmAntarasmaraNakI anekoM ghaTanAe~ sunI gaI haiM, jinase yaha siddha hotA hai ki isa vartamAna zarIrako chor3akara AtmA naye zarIrako dhAraNa karatA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki isa karmaparataMtra AtmAkI sthiti bahuta

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jainadarzana kucha zarIra aura zarIra ke avayavoMke AdhIna ho rahI hai / mastiSkake kisI rogase vikRta ho jAne para samasta arjita jJAna vismRtike garbha meM calA jAtA hai / raktacApako kamI-bezI hone para usakA hRdayakI gati aura manobhAvoMke Upara prabhAva par3atA hai / 112 Adhunika bhUtavAdiyoM ne bhI thAirAiDa aura picuyeTarI ( Thyroyd and Pituatury ) granthiyoMmeMse utpanna honevAle hAramona ( Hormone ) nAmaka dravya kama ho jAne para jJAnAdiguNoMmeM kamI A jAtI hai, yaha siddha kiyA hai / kintu yaha saba dehaparimANavAle svataMtra Atmatattvake mAnane para hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai; kyoMki saMsArI dazAmeM AtmA itanA paratantra hai ki usake apane nijI guNoMkA vikAsa bhI binA indriyAdike sahAre nahIM ho pAtA / ye bhautika dravya usake guNavikAsa meM usI taraha sahArA dete haiM, jaise ki jharokhese dekhanevAle puruSako dekhane meM jharokhA sahArA detA hai / kahIM-kahIM jaina granthoMmeM jIvake svarUpakA varNana karate samaya pudgala vizeSaNa bhI diyA hai, yaha eka naI bAta hai / vastutaH vahA~ usakA tAtparya itanA hI hai ki jIvakA vartamAna vikAsa aura jIvana jina AhAra, zarIra, indriya, bhASA aura mana paryAptiyoMke sahAre hotA hai ve saba paudgalika haiM / isa taraha nimittakI dRSTise usameM 'pudgala' vizeSaNa diyA gayA hai, svarUpakI dRSTise nahIM / AtmavAdake prasaMga meM jainadarzanakA use zarIrarUpa na mAnakara pRthak dravya svIkAra karake bhI zarIraparimANa mAnanA apanI anokhI sUjha hai aura isase bhautikavAdiyoMke dvArA diye jAnevAle AkSepoMkA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai / icchA Adi svataMtra AtmAke dharma haiM : icchA, saMkalpazakti aura bhAvanAe~ kevala bhautika mastiSkakI upaja nahIM kahI jA sakatIM; kyoMki kisI bhI bhautika yaMtrameM svayaM calane, apane Apako TUTanepara sudhArane aura apane sajAtIyako utpanna karanekI kSamatA nahIM dekhI jAtI / avasthAke anusAra bar3hanA, ghAvakA apane Apa bhara jAnA, jIrNa ho jAnA ityAdi aise dharma haiM, jinakA samAdhAna kevala bhautikatAse nahIM ho sakatA / hajAroM prakArake choTe-bar3e yantroMkA AviSkAra, jagat ke vibhinna kArya-kAraNabhAvoMkA sthira karanA, gaNitake AdhArapara jyotiSavidyAkA vikAsa, manorama kalpanAoMse sAhityAkAzako raMga-viraMgA karanA Adi bAteM, eka svayaM samartha, svayaM caitanyazAlI dravyakA hI kArya ho sakatI haiM / prazna usake vyApaka, aNu-parimANa yA madhyama pariNAmakA 1, " jIvo kattA ya vattA ya pANI bhottA ya poggalo / " Jain Educationa International - uddhRta, dhavalA TI0 pra0 pu0, pRSTha 118 | For Personal and Private Use Only

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Sadravya vivecana hamAre sAmane hai | anubhava siddha kAryakAraNabhAva hameM use saMkoca aura vistArasvabhAvavAlA svabhAvataH amUrtika dravya mAnaneko prerita karatA hai / kisI asaMyukta akhaNDa dravyake guNoM kA vikAsa niyata pradezoM meM nahIM ho sakatA / yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki jisa prakAra AtmAko zarIraparimANa mAnanepara bhI dekhane kI zakti A~kha meM rahanevAle AtmapradezoMmeM hI mAnI jAtI hai aura sU~ghane kI zakti nAmeM rahanevAle AtmapradezoM meM hI, usI taraha AtmAko vyApaka mAna karake zarIrAntargata AtmapradezoMmeM jJAnAdi guNoMkA vikAsa mAnA jA sakatA hai ? parantu zarIrapramANa AtmAmeM dekhane aura su~ghane kI zakti kevala una-una AtmapradezoM meM hI nahIM mAnI gaI hai, apitu sampUrNa AtmAmeM / vaha AtmA apane pUrNa zarIrameM sakriya rahatA hai, ataH vaha una una cakSu, nAka Adi upakaraNoMke jharokhoMse rUpa aura gaMdha AdikA parijJAna karatA hai / apanI vAsanAoM aura karma - saMskAroMke kAraNa usakI ananta zakti isI prakAra chinna-vicchinna rUpase prakaTa hotI hai / jaba karmavAsanAoM aura sUkSma karmazarIrakA saMparka chUTa jAtA hai, taba yaha apane ananta caitanya svarUpameM lIna ho jAtA hai / usa samaya isake Atmapradeza antima samayake AkAra raha jAte haiM; kyoMki unake phailane aura sikur3anekA kAraNa jo karma thA, vaha naSTa ho cukA hai; isalie unakA antima zarIra ke AkAra raha jAnA svAbhAvika hI hai saMsAra avasthAmeM usakI itanI parataMtra dazA ho gaI hai ki vaha apanI kisI bhI zaktikA vikAsa binA zarIra aura indriyoMke sahAre nahIM kara sakatA hai / aura to jAne dIjie, yadi upakaraNa naSTa ho jAtA hai, to vaha apanI jAgrata zaktiko bhI upayoga meM nahIM lA sakatA / dekhanA, sU~ghanA, cakhanA, sunanA aura sparza karanA kriyAyeM jaise indriyoMke binA nahIM ho sakatIM, usI prakAra vicAranA, saMkalpa aura icchA Adi bhI binA manake nahIM ho pAte; aura manakI gati-vidhi samagra zarIra-yantrake cAlU rahanepara nirbhara karatI hai / isI atyanta paranirbharatAke kAraNa jagatke aneka vicAraka isakI svataMtra sattA mAnane ko bhI prastuta nahIM haiM / vartamAna zarIrake naSTa hote hI jIvanabhArakA upArjita jJAna, kalA-kauzala aura cirabhAvita bhAvanAe~ saba apane sthUlarUpameM samApta ho jAtIM haiM / inake atisUkSma saMskAra -bIja hI zeSa raha jAte haiM / ataH pratIti, anubhava aura yukti hameM sahaja hI isa natIjepara pahu~cA detI haiM, ki AtmA kevala bhUtacatuSTayarUpa nahIM hai, kintu unase bhinna, para unake sahAre apanI zaktiko vikasita karanetrAlA svataMtra, akhaNDa aura amUrtika padArtha hai / isakI Ananda aura saundaryAnubhUti svayaM isake svatantra astitvake khAse pramANa haiM / rAga aura dveSakA honA tathA unake kAraNa hiMsA 8 Jain Educationa International 113 For Personal and Private Use Only

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jainadarzana Adike Arambha meM juTa jAnA bhautikayaMtrakA kAma nahIM ho sakatA / koI bhI yantra apane Apa cale, svayaM bigar3a jAya aura bigar3ane para apanI marammata bhI svayaM kara le, svayaM preraNA le, aura samajha-bUjhakara cale, yaha asaMbhava hai / karttA aura bhoktA : AtmA svayaM karmoM kA karttA hai aura unake phaloMkA bhoktA hai / sAMkhyakI taraha vaha akarttA aura apariNAmI nahIM hai aura na prakRtike dvArA kiye gae karmoMkA bhoktA hI / isa sarvadA pariNAmI jagat meM pratyeka padArthakA pariNamana-cakra prApta sAmagrI se prabhAvita hokara aura anyako prabhAvita karake pratikSaNa cala rahA hai / AtmAkI koI bhI kriyA, cAhe vaha manase vicArAtmaka ho, yA vacanavyavahArarUpa ho, yA zarIrakI pravRttirUpa ho, apane kArmaNa zarIrameM aura AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNa meM nizcita asara DAlatI hai / Aja yaha vastu sUkSma kaimarA yantrase pramANita kI jA cukI hai / jisa kursIpara eka vyakti baiThatA hai, usa vyakti ke uTha jAneke bAda amuka samaya taka vahA~ke vAtAvaraNameM usa vyaktikA pratibimba kaimarese liyA gayA hai / vibhinna prakAra ke vicAroM aura bhAvanAoMkI pratinidhibhUta rekhAe~ mastiSka meM par3atI haiM / yaha bhI prayogoM siddha kiyA jA cukA hai| caitanya indriyoM kA dharma bhI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki indriyoMke bane rahanepara caitanya naSTa ho jAtA hai / yadi pratyeka indriyakA dharma caitanya mAnA jAtA hai; to eka indriyake dvArA jAne gaye padArthakA indriyAntarase anusandhAna nahIM honA cAhie / para imalIko yA AmakI phA~kako dekhate hI jIbhameM pAnI A jAtA hai / ataH jJAta hotA hai ki A~kha aura jIbha Adi idriyoMkA prayoktA koI pRthak sUtra saMcAlaka hai / jisa prakAra zarIra acetana hai usI taraha indriyA~ bhI acetana haiM, ataH acetanase caitanyako utpatti nahIM ho sakatI / yadi ho; to usake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza AdikA anya caitanyameM usI taraha honA cAhie, jaise ki miTTIke rUpAdikA anvaya miTTI se utpanna ghar3e meM hotA hai / 114 turanta utpanna hue bAlaka meM dUdha pIne AdikI ceSTAe~ usake pUrvabhavake saMskAroM ko sUcita karatI haiM / kahA bhI hai- " tadaharjasta nehAto rakSodRSTeH bhavasmRteH / bhUtAnanvayanAt siddhaH prakRtijJaH sanAtanaH // " arthAt-tatkAla utpanna hue bAlakakI Adike sadbhAvase, paralokake smaraNase aura Jain Educationa International - uddhRta, prameyaratnamAlA 4 / 8 / stanapAnakI ceSTAse, bhUta, rAkSasa bhautika rUpAdi guNoMkA caitanyameM For Personal and Private Use Only

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Sadravya vivecana anvaya na honese eka anAdi ananta AtmA pRthak dravya siddha hotA hai, jo sabakA jJAtA hai| rAgAdi vAtapittAdike dharma nahIM : rAga, dveSa, krodha Adi vikAra bhI caitanyake hI hote haiM / ve vAta, pitta aura kapha Adi bhautika dravyoMke dharma nahIM haiM, kyoMki' vAtaprakRtivAleke bhI pittajanya dveSa aura pittaprakRtivAleke bhI kaphajanya rAga aura kapha-prakRtivAleke bhI vAtajanya moha Adi dekhe jAte haiM / vAtAdikI vRddhimeM rAgAdikI vRddhi nahIM dekhI jAtI, ataH inheM vAta, pitta AdikA dharma nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| yadi ye rAmAdi vAtAdijanya hoM, to sabhI vAtAdi-prakRtivAloMke samAna rAgAdi hone cAhiye / para aisA nahIM dekhA jAtA / phira vairAgya, kSamA aura zAnti Adi pratipakSI bhAvanAoMse rAgAdikA kSaya nahIM honA cAhiye / vicAra vAtAvaraNa banAte haiM : isa taraha jaba AtmA aura bhautika padArthoMkA svabhAva hI pratikSaNa pariNamana karanekA hai aura vAtAvaraNake anusAra prabhAvita honekA tathA vAtAvaraNako bhI prabhAvita karanekA hai; taba isa bAtake siddha karanekI vizeSa AvazyakatA nahIM rahatI ki hamAre amUrta vyApAroMkA bhautika jagatapara kyA asara par3atA hai ? hamArA choTese choTA zabda ItharakI taraMgoMmeM apane vegake anusAra, gaharA yA uthalA kampana paidA karatA hai / yaha jhanajhanAhaTa reDiyo-yantroM ke dvArA kAnoMse sunI jA sakatI hai| aura jahA~ preSaka reDiyo-yantra maujUda haiM, vahA~se to yatheccha zabdoMko nizcita sthAnoMpara bhejA jA sakatA hai| ye saMskAra vAtAvaraNapara sUkSma aura sthUla rUpameM bahuta kAlataka bane rahate haiN| kAlakI gati unhe dhuMdhalA aura naSTa karatI hai| isI taraha jaba AtmA koI acchA yA burA vicAra karatA hai, to usakI isa kriyAse AsapAsake vAtAvaraNameM eka prakArakI khalabalI maca jAtI hai, aura usa vicArakI zaktike anusAra vAtAvaraNameM kriyA-pratikriyA hotI hai| jagatke kalyANa aura maMgala-kAmanAke vicAra cittako halakA aura prasanna rakhate haiM / ve prakAzarUpa hote haiM aura unake saMskAra vAtAvaraNapara eka rozanI DAlate haiM, tathA apane anurUpa pudgala paramANuoMko apane zarIrake bhItarase hI, yA zarIrake bAharase khIMca lete haiM / una vicAroMke saMskAroMse prabhAvita una pudgala dravyoMkA sambandha amuka kAlataka usa AtmAke sAya banA rahatA hai / isIke paripAkase AtmA kAlAntarameM acche aura bure anubhava aura preraNAoMko pAtA hai / jo pudgala dravya eka bAra kinhIM vicAroM1. "vyabhicArAnna vAtAdidharmaH, prakRtisaMkarAt |'--prmaannvaa0 11 150 /

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116 jainadarzana se prabhAvita hokara khiMcA yA ba~dhA hai, usameM bhI kAlAntarameM dUsare-dUsare vicAroMse barAbara heraphera hotA rahatA hai| antameM jisa-jisa prakArake jitane saMskAra bace rahate haiM; usa-usa prakArakA vAtAvaraNa usa vyaktiko upasthita ho jAtA hai| __ vAtAvaraNa aura AtmA itane sUkSma pratibimbagrAhI hote haiM ki jJAta yA ajJAta bhAvase honevAle pratyeka spandanake saMskAroMko ve pratikSaNa grahaNa karate rahate haiM / isa paraspara pratibimba grahaNa karanekI kriyAko hama 'prabhAva' zabdase kahate haiN| hameM apane samAna svabhAvavAle vyaktiko dekhate hI kyoM prasannatA hotI hai ? aura kyoM acAnaka kisI vyaktiko dekhakara jI ghRNA aura krodhake bhAvoMse bhara jAtA hai ? isakA kAraNa cittakI vaha pratibimbagrAhiNI sUkSma zakti hai, jo A~khoMkI dUravInase zarIrakI sthUla dIvArako pAra karake sAmanevAleke manobhAvoMkA bahuta kucha AbhAsa pA letI hai| isIlie to eka premIne apane mitrake isa praznake uttarameM ki "tuma mujhe kitanA cAhate ho?" kahA thA ki "apane hRdayameM dekha lo|" kavizreSTha kAlidAsa tathA vizvakavi Taigorane premakI vyAkhyA ina zabdoMmeM kI hai ki jisako dekhate hI hRdaya kisI anirvacanIya bhAvoMmeM bahane lage vahI prema hai aura sauMdarya vaha hai jisako dekhate hI A~kheM aura hRdaya kahane lage ki 'na jAne tuma kyoM mujhe acche lagate ho ?' isIlie prema aura sauMdaryakI bhAvanAoMke kampana ekAkAra hokara bhI unake bAhya AdhAra paraspara itane bhinna hote haiM ki sthUla vicArase unakA vizleSaNa kaThina ho jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha ki prabhAvakA paraspara AdAnapradAna pratikSaNa cAla hai / isameM deza, kAla aura AkArakA bheda bhI vyavadhAna nahIM de sktaa| paradezameM gaye patike Upara Apatti Ane para patiparAyaNA nArIkA sahasA anamanA ho jAnA isI prabhAvasUtrake kAraNa hotA hai| - isIlie jagatke mahApuruSoMne pratyeka bhavyako eka hI bAta kahI hai ki 'acchA vAtAvaraNa banAo; maMgalamaya bhAvoMko cAroM ora bikhero|' kisI prabhAvazAlI yogIke acintya prema aura ahiMsAkI vizvamaitrI rUpa saMjIvana dhArAse AsapAsakI vanaspatiyoMkA asamayameM puSpita ho jAnA aura jAtivirodhI sA~pa-nevalA Adi prANiyoMkA apanA sAdhAraNa vaira bhUlakara unake amRtapUta vAtAvaraNameM paraspara maitrIke kSaNoMkA anubhava karanA koI bahuta anahonI bAta nahIM hai, yaha to prabhAvakI acintya zaktikA sAdhAraNa sphuraNa hai| jaisI karanI vaisI bharanI: niSkarSa yaha hai ki AtmA apanI mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAoMke dvArA vAtAvaraNase una pudgala paramANuoMko khIMca letA hai, yA prabhAvita karake karmarUpa

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Sadravya vivecana banA detA hai, jinake samparkameM Ate hI vaha phira usI prakArake bhAvoMko prApta hotA hai| kalpanA kIjie ki eka nirjana sthAnameM kisI hatyArene duSTabuddhise kisI nirdoSa vyaktikI hatyA kii| marate samaya usane jo zabda kahe aura ceSTAe~ koM ve yadyapi kisI dUsarene nahIM dekhIM, phira bhI hatyAreke mana aura usa sthAnake vAtAvaraNameM unake phoTo barAbara aMkita hue haiN| jaba kabhI bhI vaha hatyArA zAntike kSaNoMmeM baiThatA hai, to usake cittapara par3A huA vaha pratibimba usakI A~khoMke sAmane jhUlatA hai, aura ve zabda usake kAnoMse TakarAte haiN| vaha usa sthAnameM jAnese ghabar3AtA hai aura svayaM apanemeM parezAna hotA hai| isIko kahate haiM ki 'pApa sirapara car3hakara bolatA hai|' isase yaha bAta spaSTa samajhameM A jAtI hai ki hara padArtha eka kaimarA hai, jo dUsare ke prabhAvako sthUla yA sUkSma rUpase grahaNa karatA rahatA hai; aura unhoM prabhAvoMkI ausatase citra-vicitra vAtAvaraNa aura aneka prakArake acche-bure manobhAvoMkA sarjana hotA hai| yaha eka sAmAnya siddhAnta hai ki hara padArtha apane sajAtIyameM ghula-mila jAtA hai, aura vijAtIyase saMgharSa karatA hai / jahA~ hamAre vicAroMke anukUla vAtAvaraNa hotA hai, yAnI dUsare loga bhI karIba-karIba hamArI vicAra-dhArAke hote haiM vahA~ hamArA citta unameM raca-paca jAtA hai, kintu pratikUla vAtAvaraNameM cittako AkulatA-vyAkulatA hotI hai / hara citta itanI pahacAna rakhatA hai| use bhulAvemeM nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| yadi tumhAre cittameM dUsareke prati ghRNA hai, to tumhArA ceharA, tumhAre zabda aura tumhArI ceSTAe~ sAmanevAle vyaktimeM sadbhAvakA saMcAra nahIM kara sakatIM aura vAtAvaraNako nirmala nahIM banA sktiiN| isake phalasvarUpa tumheM bhI ghRNA aura tiraskAra hI prApta hotA hai / ise kahate haiM-'jaisI karanI taisI bhrnii|| hRdayase ahiMsA aura sadbhAvanAkA samudra koI mahAtmA ahiMsAkAamRta lie kyoM khUkhAra aura barbaroMke bIca chAtI kholakara calA jAtA hai ? use isa siddhAntapara vizvAsa rahatA hai ki jaba hamAre manameM inake prati lezamAtra durbhAva nahIM hai aura hama inheM premakA amRta pilAnA cAhate haiM to ye kaba taka hamAre sadbhAvako ThukarAyeMge / usakA mahAtmatva yahI hai ki vaha sAmanevAle vyaktike lagAtAra anAdara karanepara bhI sacce hRdayase sadA usakI hita-cintanA hI karatA hai| hama saba aisI jagaha khar3e hue haiM jahA~ cAroM ora hamAre bhItara-bAharake prabhAvako grahaNa karanevAle kaimare lage haiM, aura hamArI pratyeka kriyAkA lekhA-jokhA prakRtikI usa mahAbahImeM aMkita hotA jAtA hai, jisakA hisAba-kitAba hameM hara samaya bhugatanA par3atA hai| vaha bhugatAna kabhI tatkAla ho jAtA hai aura kabhI kAlAntarameM / pApakarmA vyakti

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jainadarzana svayaM apanemeM zaMkita rahatA hai, aura apane hI manobhAvoMse parezAna rahatA hai / usakI yaha parezAnI hI bAharI vAtAvaraNase usakI iSTasiddhi nahIM karA paatii| __cAra vyakti eka hI prakArake vyApArameM juTate haiM, para cAroMko alaga-alaga prakArakA jo naphA-nukasAna hotA hai, vaha akAraNa hI nahIM hai| kucha purAne aura kucha tatkAlIna bhAva vAtAvaraNoMkA nicor3a una-una vyaktiyoMke saphala, asaphala yA ardhasaphala hone kAraNa par3a jAte haiM / puruSakI buddhimAnI aura puruSArtha yahI hai ki vaha sadbhAva aura prazasta vAtAvaraNakA nirmANa kre| isIke kAraNa vaha jinake samparka meM AtA hai unakI sadbuddhi aura hRdayakI rujhAnako apanI ora khIMca letA hai, jisakA pariNAma hotA hai---usakI laukika kAryoMkI siddhi anukUlatA milanA / eka vyaktike sadAcaraNa aura sadvicAroMko zoharata jaba cAroM ora phailatI hai, to vaha jahA~ jAtA hai, Adara pAtA hai, use sanmAna milatA aura aisA vAtAvaraNa prastuta hotA hai, jisase use anukUlatA hI anukUlatA prApta hotI jAtI hai / isa vAtAvaraNase jo bAhya vibhUti yA anya sAmagrIkA lAbha huA hai usameM yadyapi paramparAse vyaktike purAne saMskAroMne kAma liyA hai; para sIdhe una saMskAroMne una padArthoMko nahIM khIMcA haiN| hA~, una padArthoMke juTane aura juTAnemeM purAne saMskAra aura usake pratinidhi pudgala dravyake vipAkane vAtAvaraNa avazya banAyA hai| usase una-una padArthoMkA saMyoga aura viyoga rahatA hai| yaha to balAbalakI bAta hai| manuSya apanI kriyAoMse jitane gahare yA uthale saMskAra aura prabhAva, vAtAvaraNa aura apanI AtmApara DAlatA hai usIke tAratamyase manuSyoMke iSTAniSTakA cakra calatA hai| tatkAla kisI kAryakA ThIka kAryakAraNabhAva hamArI samajhameM na bhI Aye, para koI bhI kArya akAraNa nahIM ho sakatA, yaha eka aTala siddhAnta hai| isI taraha jIvana aura maraNake kramameM bhI kucha hamAre purAne saMskAra aura kucha saMskAraprerita pravRttiyA~ tathA iha lokakA jIvana-dhyApAra saba milAkara kAraNa banate haiN| nUtana zarIra dhAraNako prakriyA: - jaba koI bhI prANI apane pUrva zarIrako chor3atA hai, to usake jIvana bharake vicAroM, vacana-vyavahAroM aura zarIrakI kriyAoMse jisa-jisa prakArake saMskAra AtmApara aura AtmAse cirasaMyukta kArmaNa-zarIrapara . par3e haiM, arthAt kArmaNazarIrake sAtha una saMskAroMke pratinidhibhUta pudgala dravyoMkA jisa prakArake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparzAdi pariNamanoMse yukta hokara sambandha huA hai, kucha usI prakArake anukUla pariNa manavAlI paristhitimeM yaha. AtmA. nUtana janma grahaNa

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SaTdravya vivecana karanekA avasara khoja letA hai aura vaha purAne zarIrake naSTa hote hI apane sUkSma kArmaNa zarIrake sAtha usa sthAna taka pahu~ca jAtA hai / isa kriyAmeM prANIke zarIra chor3aneke samayake bhAva aura preraNAe~ bahuta kucha kAma karatI haiM / isIlie jaina paramparAmeM samAdhimaraNako jIvanako antima parIkSAkA samaya kahA hai; kyoMki eka bAra nayA zarIra dhAraNa karaneke bAda usa zarIrakI sthiti taka lagabhaga eka jaisI paristhitiyA~ banI rahanekI sambhAvanA rahatI hai / maraNakAlakI isa utkrAntiko samhAla lenepara prApta paristhitiyoMke anusAra bahuta kucha purAne saMskAra aura ba~dhe hue karmoM meM honAdhikatA hone kI sambhAvanA bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai / jaina zAstroMmeM eka mAraNAntika samudghAta nAmakI kriyAkA varNana AtA hai / isa kriyA meM maraNakAlake pahale isa AtmAke kucha pradeza apane vartamAna zarIrako chor3akara bhI bAhara nikalate haiM aura apane agale janmake yogya kSetrako sparza kara vApisa A jAte haiM / ina pradezoMke sAtha kArmaNa zarIra bhI jAtA hai aura usameM jisa prakArake rUpa, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza Adike pariNamanoMkA tAratamya hai, usa prakArake anukUla kSetrakI ora hI usakA jhukAva hotA hai / jisake jIvanameM sadA dharma aura sadAcArakI paramparA rahI hai, usake kArmaNa zarIrameM prakAzamaya, laghu aura svaccha paramANuoM kI bahulatA hotI hai / isalie usakA gamana laghu hone ke kAraNa svabhAvataH prakAzamaya lokakI ora hotA hai / aura jisake jIvanameM hatyA, pApa, chala, prapaJca, mAyA, mUrchA Adike kAle, guru aura maile paramANuoM kA sambandha vizeSarUpase huA hai, vaha svabhAvataH andhakAra lokakI ora nIce kI tarapha jAtA hai / yahI bAta sAMkhya zAstroMmeM "dharmeNa gamanamUrdhvaM gamanamadhastAt bhavatyadharmeNa / " Jain Educationa International 119 - sAMkhyakA0 44 // isa vAkyake dvArA kahI gaI hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki AtmA pariNAmI honeke kAraNa pratisamaya apanI mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAoMse una una prakArake zubha aura azubha saMskAroMmeM svayaM pariNata hotA jAtA hai, aura vAtAvaraNako bhI usI prakArase prabhAvita karatA hai / ye AtmasaMskAra apane pUrvabaddha kArmaNa zarIrameM kucha naye karmaparamANuoMkA sambandha karA dete haiM, jinake paripAkase ve saMskAra AtmAmeM acche yA bure bhAva paidA karate haiM AtmA svayaM una saMskAroMkA karttA hai aura svayaM hI unake phaloMkA bhoktA hai / jaba yaha apane mUla svarUpakI ora dRSTi pheratA hai, taba isa svarUpadarzanake dvArA dhIre-dhIre purAne kusaMskAroM ko kATakara svarUpasthitirUpa mukti pA letA hai / kabhI - kabhI kinhIM vizeSa AtmAoM meM / For Personal and Private Use Only

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120 jainadarzana svarUpajJAnakI itanI tIvra jyoti jaga jAtI hai, ki usake mahAprakAzameM kusaMskAroMkA piNDa kSaNabharameM hI vilIna ho jAtA hai aura vaha AtmA isa zarIrako dhAraNa kiye hue bhI pUrNa vItarAga aura pUrNa jJAnI bana jAtA hai| yaha jIvanmukta avasthA hai| isa avasthAmeM AtmaguNoMke ghAtaka saMskAroMkA samUla nAza ho jAtA hai| mAtra zarIrako dhAraNa karanemeM kAraNabhUta kucha aghAtiyA saMskAraM zeSa rahate haiM, jo zarIrake sAtha samApta ho jAte haiM; taba yaha AtmA pUrNarUpase siddha hokara apane svabhAvAnusAra Urdhvagati karake lokake UparI chorameM jA pahu~catA hai| isa taraha yaha AtmA svayaM kartA aura svayaM bhoktA hai, svayaM apane saMskAroM aura baddhakarmoM ke anusAra asaMkhya jIva-yoniyoMmeM janma-maraNake bhArako DhotA rahatA hai| yaha sarvathA apariNAmI aura nirlipta nahIM hai, kintu pratikSaNa pariNAmI hai aura vaibhAvika yA svAbhAvika kisI bhI avasthAmeM svayaM badalanevAlA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki eka bAra svAbhAvika avasthAmeM pahu~canepara phira vaibhAvika pariNamana nahIM hotA, sadA zuddha pariNamana hI hotA rahatA hai| ye siddha kRtakRtya hote haiN| unheM sRSTi-kartRtva AdikA koI kArya zeSa nahIM rahatA / sRSTicakra svayaM cAlita hai : ___ saMsArI jIva aura pudgaloMke paraspara prabhAvita karanevAle saMyoga-viyogoMse isa sRSTikA mahAcakra svayaM cala rahA hai| isake lie kisI niyaMtraka, vyavasthApaka, suyojaka aura nirdezakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| bhautika jagatkA cetana jagata svayaM apane balAbalake anusAra nirdezaka aura prabhAvaka bana jAtA hai| phira yaha Avazyaka bhI nahIM hai ki pratyeka bhautika pariNamanake lie kisI cetana adhiSThAtAko nitAnta AvazyakatA ho| cetana adhiSThAtAke binA bhI asaMkhya bhautika parivartana svayameva apanI kAraNasAmagrI ke anusAra hote rahate haiN| isa svabhAvataH pariNAmI dravyoMke mahAsamudAyarUpa jagatko kisIne sarvaprathama kisI samaya calAyA ho, aise kAlakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| isIlie isa jagatko svayaMsiddha aura anAdi kahA jAtA hai| ataH na to sarvaprathama isa jagata-yantrako calAneke lie kisI cAlakakI AvazyakatA hai aura na isake antargata jIvoMke puNya-pApakA lekhA-jokhA rakhanevAle kisI mahAlekhakakI, aura acche-bure karmoMkA phala denevAle aura svarga yA naraka bhejanevAle kisI mahAprabhukI hii| jo vyakti zarAba piyegA usakA nazA tIvra yA manda rUpameM usa vyaktiko apane Apa AyagA hii|

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Sadravya vivecana 121 eka Izvara saMsArake pratyeka aNu-paramANukI kriyAkA saMcAlaka bane aura pratyeka jIvake acche-bure kAryoMkA bhI svayaM vahI preraka ho aura phira vahI baiThakara saMsArI jIvoMke acche-bure karmoMkA nyAya karake unheM sugati aura durgatimeM bheje, unheM sukha-dukha bhoganeko vivaza kare yaha kaisI krIr3A hai ! durAcArake lie preraNA bhI vahI de, aura daNDa bhI vahI / yadi sacamuca koI eka aisA niyantA hai to jagatkI viSamasthitike lie mUlataH vahI javAbadeha hai| ataH isa bhUla-bhulaiyAke cakrase nikalakara hameM vastusvarUpakI dRSTise hI jagatkA vivecana karanA hogA aura usa AdhArase hI jaba taka hama apane jJAnako sacce darzanakI bhUmipara nahIM pahu~cAyeMge, taba taka tattvajJAnakI dizAmeM nahIM bar3ha skte| yaha kaisA andhera hai ki Izvara hatyA karanevAleko bhI preraNA detA hai, aura jisakI hatyA hotI hai use bhI; aura jaba hatyA ho jAtI hai, to vahI ekako hatyArA ThaharAkara daNDa bhI dilAtA hai| usakI yaha kaisI vicitra lIlA hai| jaba vyakti apane kAryameM svatantra hI nahIM hai, taba vaha hatyAkA kartA kaise ? ataH pratyeka jIva apane kAryoMkA svayaM prabhu hai, svayaM kartA hai aura svayaM bhoktA hai| ataH jagat-kalyANakI dRSTi se aura vastuke svAbhAvika pariNamanakI sthitipara gaharA vicAra karanese yahI siddhAnta sthira hotA hai ki yaha jagat svayaM apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa prApta sAmagnIke anusAra parivartamAna hai| usameM vibhinna vyaktiyoMkI anukUlatA aura pratikUlatAse acchepana aura burepanako kalpanA hotI rahatI hai / jagat to apanI gatise calA jA rahA hai / 'jo karegA, vahI bhogegaa| jo boyegA, vahI kaattegaa|' yaha eka svAbhAvika vyavasthA hai| dravyoMke pariNamana kahIM cetanase prabhAvita hote haiM, kahIM acetanase prabhAvita aura kahIM paraspara prabhAvita / inakA koI nizcita niyama nahIM hai, jaba jaisI sAmagrI prastuta ho jAtI hai, taba vaisA pariNamana bana jAtA hai| jIvoMke bheda saMsArI aura muktaH jaisA ki Uparake vivecanase spaSTa hotA hai, ki yaha jIva apane saMskAroMke kAraNa svayaM ba~dhA hai aura apane puruSArthase svayaM chUTakara mukta ho sakatA hai, usIke anusAra jIva do zreNiyoMmeM vibhAjita ho jAte haiN| eka saMsArI-jo apane saMskAroMke kAraNa nAnA yoniyoMmeM zarIroMko dhAraNakara janma-maraNa rUpase saMsaraNa kara rahe haiM / ( 2 ) dUsare mukta-jo samasta karmasaMskAroMse chUTakara apane zuddha caitanyameM sadA parivartamAna haiM / jaba jIva mukta hotA hai, taba vaha dIpazikhAkI taraha apane Urdhva-gamana svabhAvake kAraNa zarIrake bandhanoMko tor3akara lokAgrameM jA

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122 jainadarzana pahu~catA hai, aura vahIM ananta kAla taka zuddhacaitanyasvarUpameM lIna rahatA hai| usake AtmapradezoMkA AkAra antima zarIrake AkArake samAna banA rahatA hai; kyoMki Age usake vistArakA kAraNa nAmakarma nahIM rahatA / jIvoMke pradezoMkA saMkoca aura vistAra donoM hI karmanimittase hote haiM / nimittake haTa jAne para jo antima sthiti hai, vahI raha jAtI hai| yadyapi jIvakA svabhAva Uparako gati karanekA hai, kintu gati karane meM sahAyaka dharmadravya cUMki lokake antima bhAga taka hI hai, ataH mukta jIvakI gati lokAgra taka hI hotI hai, Age nhiiN| isIlie siddhoMko 'lokAgranivAsI' kahate haiN| siddhAtmAe~ cUMki zuddha ho gaI haiM, ataH unapara kisI dUsare dravyakA koI prabhAva nahIM par3atA; aura na ve paraspara hI prabhAvita hotI haiN| jinakA saMsAracakra eka bAra ruka gayA, phira unheM saMsArameM rulanekA koI kAraNa zeSa nahIM rhtaa| isalie inheM anantasiddha kahate haiM / jIvakI 'saMsAra-yAtrA kabase zurU huI, yaha nahIM batAyA jA sakatA; para 'kaba samApta hogI' yaha nizcita batAyA jA sakatA hai| asaMkhya jIvoMne apanI saMsArayAtrA samApta karake mukti pAI bhI hai| ina siddhoMke sabhI guNoMkA pariNamana sadA zuddha hI rahatA hai| ye kRtakRtya haiM, niraMjana haiM aura kevala apane zuddhacitpariNamanake svAmI haiN| inakI yaha siddhAvasthA nitya isa arthameM hai ki vaha svAbhAvika pariNamana karate rahane para bhI kabhI vikRta yA naSTa nahIM hotii| yaha prazna prAyaH uThatA hai ki 'yadi siddha sadA eka-se rahate haiM, to unameM pariNamana mAnanekI kyA AvazyakatA hai ?' parantu isakA uttara atyanta sahaja hai / aura vaha yaha hai ki jaba dravyakI mUlasthiti hI utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyarUpa hai, taba kisI bhI dravyako cAhe vaha zuddha ho yA azuddha, isa mUlasvabhAvakA apavAda kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? use to apane mUla svabhAvake anusAra pariNamana karanA hI hogaa| cUMki unake vibhAva pariNamanakA koI hetu nahIM hai, ataH unakA sadA svabhAvarUpase hI pariNamana hotA rahatA hai| koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI pariNamanacakrase bAhara nahIM jA sktaa| 'taba pariNamanakA kyA prayojana ?' isakA sIdhA uttara hai-'svabhAva' / cUMki pratyeka dravyakA yaha nija svabhAva hai, ataH use ananta kAla taka apane svabhAvameM rahanA hI hogaa| dravya apane agurulaghuguNake kAraNa na kama hotA hai aura na bar3hatA hai| vaha pariNamanakI tIkSNa dhArapara car3hA rahanepara bhI apanA dravyatva naSTa nahIM hone detaa| yahI anAdi ananta avicchinnatA dravyatva hai, aura yahI usakI apanI maulika vizeSatA hai| agurulaghuguNake kAraNa

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Sadravya vivecana 123 usake na to pradezoMmeM hI nyUnAdhikatA hotI hai, aura na guNoMmeM hI / usake AkAra aura prakAra bhI santulita rahate haiM / siddhakA svarUpa nimnalikhita gAthAmeM bahuta spaSTa rUpase kahA gayA hai "NikkammA aTThaguNA kiMcUNA caramadehado siddhaa| loyagga-ThidA NiccA uppAdavaehi saMjuttA / / " -niyamasAra gA0 72 / arthAt-siddha jJAnAvaraNAdi ATha karmoMse rahita haiM / samyaktva, jJAna, darzana, vIrya, sUkSmatva, avagAhanatva, agurulaghutva aura avyAbAdha ina ATha guNoMse yukta haiM / apane pUrva antima zarIrase kucha nyUna AkAravAle haiM / nitya haiM aura utpAda-vyayase yukta haiM, tathA lokake agrabhAgameM sthita haiN| isa taraha jIvadravya saMsArI aura mukta do prakAroMmeM vibhAjita hokara bhI mUla svabhAvase samAna guNa aura samAnazaktivAlA hai / pudgala dravya : 'pudgala' dravyakA sAmAnya lakSaNa hai-rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparzase yukta honaa| jo dravya skandha avasthAmeM pUraNa arthAt anya-anya paramANuoMse milanA aura galana arthAt kucha paramANuoMkA bichur3anA, isa taraha upacaya aura apacayako prApta hotA hai, vaha 'pudgala' kahalAtA hai| samasta dRzya jagat isa 'pudgala'kA hI vistAra hai| mUla dRSTise pudgaladravya paramANurUpa hI hai| aneka paramANuoMse milakara jo skandha banatA hai, vaha saMyuktadravya ( anekadravya ) hai / skandhaparyAya skandhAntargata sabhI pudgala-paramANuoMkI saMyukta paryAya hai / ve pudgalaparamANu jaba taka apanI baMdhazaktise zithila yA nibir3arUpameM eka-dUsarese juTe rahate haiM, taba taka skandha kahe jAte haiN| ina skandhoMkA banAva aura bigAr3a paramANuoMkI baMdhazakti aura bhedazaktike kAraNa hotA hai| ___ pratyeka paramANu svabhAvase eka rasa, eka rUpa, eka gandha aura do sparza hote haiM / lAla, pIlA, nIlA, sapheda aura kAlA ina pA~ca rUpoMmeMse koI eka rUpa paramANu hotA hai jo badalatA bhI rahatA hai / tItA, kaDuvA, kaSAyalA, khaTTA aura mIThA ina pA~ca rasoMmeMse koI eka rasa paramANuoMmeM hotA hai, jo parivartita bhI 1. "sparzarasagandhavarNavantaH pudgalAH"-tattvArthasU0 5 / 23 / 2. "eyarasavaNNagaMdhaM do phAsaM saddakAraNamasadaM / " --paMcAstikAya gA081 /

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jainadarzana hotA rahatA hai / sugandha aura durgandha ina do gandhoMmeMse koI eka gandha paramANu meM avazya hotI hai / zIta aura uSNa, snigdha aura rUkSa, ina do yugaloM se koI eka - eka sparza arthAt zIta aura uSNa meM se eka aura snigdha tathA rUkSameMse eka, isa taraha do sparza pratyeka paramANumeM avazya hote haiM / bAkI mRdu, karkaza, guru aura laghu ye cAra sparza skandha-avasthAke haiM / paramANu avasthAmeM ye nahIM hote / yaha ekapradezI hotA hai / yaha skandhoM kA kAraNa bhI hai aura skandhoMke bhedase utpanna honeke kAraNa unakA kArya bhI hai| pudgalakI paramANu avasthA svAbhAvika paryAya hai, aura skandhaavasthA vibhAva- paryAya hai / skandhoMke bheda : 124 skandha apane pariNamanoMkI apekSA chaha prakArake hote hai ' : (1) atisthUla-sthUla ( bAdara - bAdara ) - jo skandha chinna-bhinna honepara svayaM na mila sakeM, ve lakar3I, patthara, parvata, pRthvI Adi atisthUla-sthUla hai / ( 2 ) sthUla (bAdara ) - jo skandha chinna-bhinna honepara svayaM Apasa meM mila jA~, ve sthUla skandha haiM / jaise ki dUdha, ghI, tela, pAnI Adi / ( 3 ) sthUla sUkSma ( bAdara - sUkSma ) - jo skandha dikhane meM to sthUla hoM, lekina chedane-bhedane aura grahaNa karanemeM na AveM, ve chAyA, prakAza, andhakAra, cA~danI Adi sthUla sUkSma skandha haiM / ( 4 ) sUkSma-sthUla ( sUkSma - bAdara ) - jo sUkSma hokarake bhI sthUla rUpa meM dikheM, ve pA~coM indriyoMke viSaya - sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa aura zabda sUkSma sthUla skandha haiM / (5) sUkSma - jo sUkSma honeke kAraNa indriyoMke dvArA grahaNa na kiye jA sakate hoM, ve karmavargaNA Adi sUkSma skandha haiM / ( 6 ) atisUkSma - karmavargaNAse bhI choTe dvayaNuka skandha taka sUkSmasUkSma haiM / paramANu paramAtisUkSma hai / vaha avibhAgI hai / zabdakA kAraNa hokara bhI svayaM azabda hai, zAzvata hokara bhI utpAda aura vyayavAlA hai - yAnI trayAtmaka pariNamana karanevAlA hai / 1. "aithUlathUlathUlaM thUlaM suhumaM ca suhumathUlaM ca sumaM asumaM iti dharAdigaM hoi chabbheyaM // " Jain Educationa International - niyamasAra gA0 21-24 / For Personal and Private Use Only

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Sadravya vivecana 125 skandha Adi cAra bheda : 'pudgala dravyake skandha, skandhadeza, skandhapradeza aura paramANu ye cAra vibhAga bhI hote haiM / anantAnanta paramANuoMse skandha banatA hai, usase AdhA skandhadeza aura skandhadezakA AdhA skandhapradeza hotA hai| paramANu sarvataH avibhAgI hotA hai / indriyA~, zarIra, mana, indriyoMke viSaya aura zvAsocchvAsa Adi saba kucha pudgala dravyake hI vividha pariNamana haiN| bandhakI prakriyA: ___ina paramANuoMmeM svAbhAvika snigdhatA aura rUkSatA honeke kAraNa paraspara bandha hotA hai, jisase skandhoMkI utpatti hotI hai| snigdha aura rUkSa guNoMke zaktyaMzakI apekSA asaMkhya bheda hote haiM, aura unameM tAratamya bhI hotA rahatA hai / eka zaktyaMza ( jaghanyaguNa ) vAle snigdha aura rUkSa paramANuoMkA paraspara bandha (rAsAyanika mizraNa ) nahIM hotaa| snigdha aura snigdha, rUkSa aura rUkSa, snigdha aura rUkSa, tathA rUkSa aura snigdha paramANuoMmeM bandha tabhI hogA, jaba inameM paraspara guNoMke zaktyaMza do adhika hoM, arthAt do guNavAle snigdha yA rUkSa paramANukA bandha cAra guNavAle snigdha yA rUkSa paramANuse hogaa| bandhakAlameM jo adhika guNavAlA paramANu hai, vaha kama guNavAle paramANukA apane rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza rUpase pariNamana karA letA hai| isa taraha do paramANuoMse dvaya Nuka, tIna paramANuoMse vyaNuka aura cAra, pA~ca Adi paramANuoMse caturaNuka, paJcANuka Adi skandha utpanna hote rahate haiN| mahAskandhoMke bhedase bhI do alpaskandha ho sakate haiN| yAnI skandha, saMghAta aura bheda donoMse banate haiN| skandha avasthAmeM paramANuoMkA paraspara itanA sUkSma pariNamana ho jAtA hai ki thor3I-sI jagahameM asaMkhya paramANu samA jAte haiM / eka sera rUI aura eka sera lohemeM sAdhAraNatayA paramANuoMkI saMkhyA barAbara hone para bhI unake niviDa aura zithila bandhake kAraNa rUI thulathulI hai aura lohA Thosa / rUI adhika sthAnako rokatI hai aura lohA kama sthaanko| ina pudgaloMke isI sUkSma pariNamanake kAraNa asaMkhyAtapradezI lokameM anantAnanta paramANu samAe 1. 'khaMdhA ya khaMdhadesA khaMdhapadesA ya hoti paramANa / iti te cadubbiyappA puggalakAyA muNeyavvA // ' -paJcAstikAya gA0 74-75 / 2. "zarIravAGmanaHprANApAnAH pudgalAnAm / " / -tatvArthasUtra 5 / 19 / 3. "snigdharUkSatvAd bandhaH / na jaghanyaguNAnAm / guNasAmye sadRzAnAm / dvayadhikAdiguNAnAM tu / bandhe'dhiko pAriNAmikau ca / " -tattvArthasUtra 5 / 33-37 /

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126 jaina darzana hue haiM / jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki pratyeka dravya pariNAmI hai / usI taraha ye pudgala dravya bhI usa pariNamanake apavAda nahIM haiM aura pratikSaNa upayukta sthUla- bAdarAdi skandhoMke rUpameM banate bigar3ate rahate haiM / zabda Adi pudgala kI paryAya haiM : 1 " zabda, bandha, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, saMsthAna, bheda, andhakAra, chAyA, prakAza, rain aura garmI Adi pudgala dravyakI hI paryAyeM haiM / zabdako vaizeSika Adi AkAzakA guNa mAnate haiM, kintu Ajake vijJAnane apane reDiyo aura grAmophona Adi vividha yantroMse zabdako pakar3akara aura use iSTa sthAnameM bhejakara usakI podgalikatA prayogase siddha kara dI hai / yaha zabda pudgalake dvArA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, pudgalase dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, pudgaloMse rukatA hai, pudgaloMko rokatA hai, pudgala kAna Adike pardoMko phAr3a detA hai aura paudgalika vAtAvaraNameM anukampana paidA karatA hai, ataH paudgalika hai / skandhoMke paraspara saMyoga, saMgharSaNa aura vibhAgase zabda utpanna hotA hai / jihvA aura tAlu Adi ke saMyogase nAnA prakAra ke bhASAtmaka prAyogika zabda utpanna hote haiM / isake utpAdaka upAdAna kAraNa tathA sthUla nimitta kAraNa donoM hI paudgalika haiM, jaba do skandhoMke saMgharSa se koI eka zabda utpanna hotA hai, to vaha Asa-pAsa ke ko apanI zakti ke anusAra zabdAyamAna kara detA hai, arthAt usake nimittase una skandhoM meM bhI zabdaparyAya utpanna ho jAtI hai / jaise jalAzaya meM eka kaMkar3a DAlane para jo prathama lahara utpanna hotI hai, vaha apanI gatizaktise pAsa ke jalako kramazaH taraMgita karatI jAtI hai aura yaha 'vIcIta raMganyAya' kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM apane vegake anusAra kAphI dUra taka cAlU rahatA hai / zabda zaktirUpa nahIM hai : zabda kevala zakti nahIM hai, kintu zaktimAn pudgaladravya-skandha hai, jo vAyu skandhake dvArA dezAntarako jAtA huA AsapAsa ke vAtAvaraNako jhanajhatA jAtA hai / yantroMse usakI gati bar3hAI jA sakatI hai aura usakI sUkSma laharako sudUra dezase pakar3A jA sakatA hai / vaktAke tAlu Adike saMyogase utpanna huA eka zabda mukhase bAhara nikalate hI cAroM taraphake vAtAvaraNako usI zabdarUpa kara detA hai / vaha svayaM bhI niyata dizAmeM jAtA hai aura jAte-jAte, zabdase zabda aura zabdase zabda paidA karatA jAtA hai / zabdake jAnekA artha paryAyavAle skandhakA jAnA hai aura 1. " zabdabandha saukSmyasthaulyasaMsthAnabhedata mazchAyAtapodyotavantazca / " -- tattvArthasUtra 5 24 /

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Sadravya vivecana 127 zabdakI utpattikA bhI artha hai AsapAsake skandhoMmeM zabdaparyAyakA utpanna honaa| tAtparya yaha ki zabda svayaM dravyakI paryAya hai, aura isa paryAyake AdhAra haiM pudgala skandha / amUrtika AkAzake guNameM ye saba nATaka nahIM ho skte| amUrta dravyakA guNa to amUrta hI hogA, vaha mUrttake dvArA gRhIta nahIM ho sktaa| vizvakA samasta vAtAvaraNa gatizIla padgalaparamANu aura skandhoMse nirmita hai| usImeM paraspara saMyoga Adi nimittoMse garmI, sardI, prakAza, andhakAra, chAyA Adi paryAya utpanna hotIM aura naSTa hotI rahatI haiN| garmI, prakAza aura zabda ye kevala zaktiyA~ nahIM haiM, kyoMki zaktiyA~ nirAzraya nahIM raha sktiiN| ve to kisIna-kisI AdhArameM raheMgI aura unakA AdhAra hai-yaha dgala dravya / paramANukI gati eka samayameM lokAnta taka ( caudaha rAju ) ho sakatI hai, aura vaha gatikAlameM AsapAsake vAtAvaraNako prabhAvita karatA hai| prakAza aura zabdakI gatikA jo lekhA-jokhA Ajake vijJAnane lagAyA hai, vana paramANukI isa svAbhAvika gatikA eka alpa aMza hai| prakAza aura garmI ke skandha ekadezase sudUra deza taka jAte hue apane vega ( force ) ke anusAra vAtAvaraNako prakAzamaya aura garmI paryAyase yukta banAte hue jAte haiM / yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki jo prakAza Adi skandha bijalIke TArca Adise nikalate haiM, ve bahuta dUra taka svayaM cale jAte haiM aura anya gatizIla pudgala skandhoMko prakAza, garmI yA zabdarUpa paryAya dhAraNa karAke unheM Age calA dete haiN| Ajake vaijJAnikoMne betArakA tAra aura binA tArake TelIphonakA bhI AviSkAra kara liyA hai| jisa taraha hama amerikAmeM bole gaye zabdoMko yahA~ suna lete haiM, usI taraha aba bolanevAleke phoToko bhI sunate samaya dekha skeNge| pudgalake khela : yaha saba zabda, AkRti, prakAza, garmI, chAyA, andhakAra AdikA parivahana tIvra gatizIla pudgalaskandhoMke dvArA hI ho rahA hai| paramANu-bamakI vinAzaka zakti aura haoNiDrojana bamakI mahApralaya zaktise hama pudgalaparamANukI ananta zaktiyoMkA kucha andAja lagA sakate haiN| ___ eka dUsareke sAtha ba~dhanA, sUkSmatA, sthUlatA, caukoNa, SaTkoNa Adi vividha AkRtiyA~, suhAvanI cA~danI, maMgalamaya uSAkI lAlI Adi sabhI kucha pudgala skandhoMkI paryAyeM haiM / nirantara gatizIla aura utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka pariNamanavAle anantAnanta paramANuoMke paraspara saMyoga aura vibhAgase kucha naisargika aura kucha prAyogika pariNamana isa vizvake raMgamaJcapara pratikSaNa ho rahe haiM / ye saba mAyA yA avidyA nahIM haiM, Thosa satya haiM / svapnakI taraha kAlpanika nahIM haiM, kintu apanemeM

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128 jainadarzana vAstavika astitva rakhanevAle padArtha haiN| vijJAnane eTamameM jina ilekTrona aura proTonako avirAma gatise cakkara lagAte hue dekhA hai, vaha sUkSma yA atisUkSma pudgala skandhameM ba~dhe hue paramANu oMkA hI gaticakra hai / saba apane-apane kramase jaba jaisI kAraNasAmagrI pA lete haiM, vaisA pariNamana karate hue apanI ananta yAtrA kara rahe haiN| puruSakI kitanI-sI zakti ! vaha kahA~ taka ina dravyoMke pariNamanoMko prabhAvita kara sakatA hai ? hA~, jahA~ taka apanI sUjha-bUjha aura zaktike anusAra vaha yantroMke dvArA inheM prabhAvita aura niyantrita kara sakatA thA, vahA~ taka usane kiyA bhI hai| pudgalakA niyantraNa paudgalika sAdhanoMse hI ho sakatA hai aura ve sAdhana bhI pariNamanazIla haiN| ataH hameM dravyakI mUla sthitike AdhArase hI tattvavicAra karanA cAhiye aura vizvavyavasthAkA AdhAra DhU~r3hanA caahie| chAyA pudgalako hI paryAya hai : sUrya Adi prakAzayukta dravyake nimittase Asa-pAsa pudgalaskandha bhAsurarUpako dhAraNakara prakAzaskandha bana jAte haiN| isI prakAzako jitanI jagaha koI sthUla skandha yadi roka letA hai to utanI jagahake skandha kAle rUpako dhAraNa kara lete haiM, yahI chAyA yA andhakAra hai| ye sabhI pudgala dravyake khela haiM / kevala mAyAkI AMkhamicaunI nahIM hai aura na 'eko'haM bahu syAm'kI lIlA / ye to Thosa vajanadAra paramArthasat pudgala paramANuoMkI avirAma gati aura pariNatike vAstavika dRzya haiN| yaha A~kha mUMdakara kI jAnevAlI bhAvanA nahIM hai, kintu prayogazAlAmeM rAsAyanika prakriyAse kiye jAnevAle prayogasiddha padArtha haiM / yadyapi pudgalANuoMmeM samAna ananta zakti hai, phira bhI vibhinna skandhoM meM jAkara unakI zaktiyoMke bhI judejude ananta bheda ho jAte haiN| jaise pratyeka paramANu meM sAmAnyataH mAdakazakti hone para bhI usakI prakaTatAkI yogyatA mahudA, dAkha aura kodoM Adike skandhoMmeM hI sAkSAt hai, so bhI amuka jalAdike rAsAyanika mizraNase / ye paryAyayogyatAe~ kahalAtI haiM, jo una-una sthUla paryAyoMmeM prakaTa hotI haiM / aura ina sthUla paryAyoMke ghaTaka sUkSma skandha bhI apanI usa avasthAmeM viziSTa zakti ko dhAraNa karate haiM / eka hI pudgala maulika hai : Adhunika vijJAnane pahale 92 maulika tattva ( Elements ) khoje the| unhoMne inake vajana aura zaktike aMza nizcita kiye the| maulika tattvakA artha hotA hai-'eka tattvakA dUsare rUpa na honaa|' parantu aba eka eTama ( Atom ) hI mUla tattva baca gayA hai| yahI eTama apanemeM cAroM ora gatizIla ilekTrona

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Sadravya vivecana aura proTonakI saMkhyA ke bhedase oNksIjana, haoNiDrojana, cA~dI, sonA, lohA, tA~bA, yUreniyama, reDiyama Adi avasthAoMko dhAraNa kara letA hai| oNksIjanake amuka ilekTrona yA proTonako tor3ane yA milAnepara vahI haoNiDrojana bana jAtA hai / isa taraha oNksIjana aura haoNiDrojana do maulika na hokara eka tattvakI avasthA - vizeSa hI siddha hote haiM / mUlatattva kevala aNu ( Atom ) hai / pRthivI Adi svatantra dravya nahIM : naiyAyika - vaizeSika pRthvI ke paramANuoMmeM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi cAroM guNa, jalake paramANuoM meM rUpa, rasa aura sparza ye tIna guNa, agnike paramAoMmeM rUpa aura sparza ye do guNa aura vAyumeM kevala sparza, isa taraha guNabheda mAnakara cAroMko svatantra dravya mAnate haiM / kintu jaba pratyakSase sIpameM par3A huA jala, pArthiva motI bana jAtA hai, pArthiva lakar3I agni bana jAtI hai, agni bhasma bana jAtI hai. pArthiva hima picalakara jala ho jAtA hai aura oNksIjana aura hAiDrojana donoM vAyu milakara jala bana jAtI haiM, taba inameM paraspara guNabhedakRta jAtibheda mAnakara pRthak dravyatva kaise siddha ho sakatA hai ? jainadarzanane pahale se hI samasta pudgalaparamANuoMkA paraspara pariNamana dekhakara eka hI pudgala dravya svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha to ho sakatA hai ki avasthAvizeSameM koI guNa prakaTa hoM ora koI aprakaTa / agnimeM rasa aprakaTa raha sakatA hai, vAyumeM rUpa aura jalameM gandha, kintu ukta dravyoMmeM una guNoMkA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha eka sAmAnya niyama hai ki 'jahA~ sparza hogA vahA~ rUpa, rasa aura gandha avazya hI hoNge|' isI taraha jina do padArthoMkA eka-dUsareke rUpase pariNamana ho jAtA hai ve donoM pRthak jAtIya dravya nahIM ho sakate / isIlie Ajake vijJAnako apane prayogoMse usI ekajAtika aNuvAdapara AnA par3A hai / prakAza aura garmI bhI zaktiyA~ nahIM : 129 yadyapi vijJAna prakAza, garmI aura zabdako abhI kevala ( Energy ) zakti mAnatA hai / para vaha zakti nirAdhAra na hokara kisI-na-kisI Thosa AdhAra meM rahanevAlI hI siddha hogI; kyoMki zakti yA guNa nirAzraya nahIM raha sakate / unheM kisI-na-kisI maulika dravyake AzrayameM rahanA hI hogA / ye zaktiyA~ jina mAdhyamoMse gati karatI haiM, una mAdhyamoMko svayaM usa rUpase pariNata karAtI huI hI jAtI haiM / ataH yaha prazna manameM uThatA hai ki jise hama zaktikI gati kahate haiN| vaha AkAzameM nirantara pracita paramANuoMmeM avirAma gatise utpanna honevAlI zaktiparaMparA hI to nahIM hai ? hama pahale batA Aye haiM ki zabda, garmI aura prakAza 9

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130 jainadarzana kisI nizcita dizAko gati bhI kara sakate haiM aura samIpake vAtAvaraNako zabdAyamAna, prakAzamAna aura garama bhI kara dete haiN| yoM to jaba pratyeka paramANu gatizIla hai aura utpAda-vyayasvabhAvake kAraNa pratikSaNa nUtana paryAyoMko dhAraNa kara rahA hai, taba zabda, prakAza aura garmIko inhIM paramANuoMkI paryAya mAnanemeM hI vastusvarUpakA saMrakSaNa raha pAtA hai| jaina granthoMmeM pudgala dravyoMkI jina-karmavargaNA, nokarmavargaNA, AhAravargaNA, bhASAvargaNA Adi rUpase-23 prakArako vargaNAoMkA varNana milatA hai,' ve svatantra dravya nahIM haiM / eka hI pudgalajAtIya skandhoMmeM ye vibhinna prakArake pariNamana, vibhinna sAmagrIke anusAra vibhinna paristhitiyoMmeM bana jAte haiN| yaha nahIM hai ki jo paramANu eka bAra karmavargaNArUpa hue haiM; ve sadA karmavargaNArUpa hI raheMge, anyarUpa nahIM hoMge, yA anyaparamANu karmavargaNArUpa na ho skeNge| ye bheda to vibhinna skandha-avasthAmeM vikasita zaktibhedake kAraNa haiN| pratyeka dravyameM apanIapanI dravyagata mUla yogyatAoM ke anusAra, jaisI-jaisI sAmagrI kA juTAva ho jAtA hai, vaisA-vaisA pratyeka pariNamana saMbhava hai / jo paramANu zarIra-avasthAmeM nokarmavargaNA banakara zAmila hue the, vahI paramANu mRtyuke bAda zarIrake khAka ho jAnepara anya vibhinna avasthAoMko prApta ho jAte haiM / ekajAtIya dravyoMmeM kisI bhI dravyavyaktike pariNamanoMkA bandhana nahIM lagAyA jA sktaa| yaha ThIka hai ki kucha pariNamana kisI sthUlaparyAyako prApta pudgaloMse sAkSAta ho sakate haiM, kisIse nhiiN| jaise miTTI-avasthAko prApta pudgala paramANu hI ghaTa-avasthAko dhAraNa kara sakate haiM, agni-avasthAko prApta pudgala paramANu nahIM, yadyapi agni aura ghaTa donoM hI pudgalakI hI paryAyeM haiM / yaha to sambhava hai ki agnike paramANu kAlAntarameM miTTI bana jAyeM aura phira ghar3A baneM; para sIdhe agnise ghar3A nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| mUlataH pudgalaparamANuoMmeM na to kisI prakArakA jAtibheda hai, na zaktibheda hai aura na AkArabheda hii| ye saba bheda to bIcakI skandha paryAyoMmeM hote haiN| gatizIlatA : pudgala paramANu svabhAvataH kriyAzIla hai| usakI gati tIvra, manda aura madhyama aneka prakArakI hotI hai| usameM vajana bhI hotA hai, kintu usakI prakaTatA skandha avasthA hotI hai| ina skandhoMmeM aneka prakArake sthUla, sUkSma, pratighAtI aura apratighAtI pariNamana avasthAbhedake kAraNa sambhava hote haiN| isa taraha yaha 1. dekho, gommaTasAra jIvakANDa gAthA 593-94 /

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Sadravya vivecana 131 aNujagat apanI bAhyAbhyantara sAmagrIke anusAra dRzya aura adRzya aneka prakArakI avasthAoMko svayameva dhAraNa karatA rahatA hai| usameM jo kucha bhI niyatatA yA aniyatatA, vyavasthA yA avyavasthA hai, vaha svayameva hai| bIcake par3AvameM puruSakA prayatna inake pariNamanoMko kucha kAlataka kisI vizeSa rUpameM prabhAvita aura niyantrita bhI karatA hai / bIcameM honevAlI aneka avasthAoMkA adhyayana aura darzana karake jo sthUla kAryakAraNabhAva niyata kiye jAte haiM, ve bhI ina dravyoMkI mUlayogyatAoMke hI AdhArase kiye jAte haiN| dharma dravya aura adharma dravya : __ ananta AkAzameM lokake amuka AkArako nizcita karaneke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki koI aisI vibhAjaka rekhA kisI vAstavika AdhArapara nizcita ho, jisake kAraNa jIva aura pudgaloMkA gamana vahIM taka ho sake; bAhara nahIM / AkAza eka amUrta, akhaNDa aura anantapradezI dravya hai| usako apanI saba jagaha eka sAmAnya sattA hai| ataH usake amuka pradezoM taka pudgala aura jIvoMkA gamana ho aura Age nahIM, yaha niyantraNa svayaM akhaNDa AkAzadravya nahIM kara sakatA, kyoMki usameM pradezabheda hokara bhI svabhAvabheda nahIM hai| jIva aura pudgala svayaM gatisvabhAvavAle haiM, ataH yadi ve gati karate haiM to svayaM rukanekA prazna hI nahIM hai; isalie jaina AcAryoMne loka aura alokake vibhAgake lie lokavartI AkAzaka barAbara eka amUrtika, niSkriya aura akhaNDa dharmadravya mAnA hai, jo gatizIla jIva aura pudgaloMko gamana karanemeM sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai| yaha kisI bhI dravyako preraNA karake nahIM calAtA; kintu jo svayaM gati karate haiM, unako mAdhyama banakara sahArA detA hai| isakA astitva lokake bhItara to sAdhAraNa hai para lokakI sImAoMpara niyantrakake rUpameM hai| sImAoMpara patA calatA hai ki dharmadravya bhI koI astitvazAlI dravya hai; jisake kAraNa samasta jIva aura pudgala apanI yAtrA usI sImA taka samApta karaneko vivaza haiM, usake Age nahIM jA skte| jisa prakAra gatike lie eka sAdhAraNa kAraNa dharmadravya apekSita hai; usI taraha jIva aura pudgaloMkI sthitike lie bhI eka sAdhAraNa kAraNa honA cAhie aura vaha hai-adharma dravya / yaha bhI lokAkAzake barAbara hai, rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabdase rahita-amUrtika hai; niSkriya hai aura utpAda-vyayarUpase pariNamana karate hue bhI nitya hai| apane svAbhAvika santulana rakhanevAle ananta agurulaghuguNoMse utpAda-vyaya karatA huA, ThaharanevAle jIva-pudgaloMkI sthitimeM

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132 jainadarzana sAdhAraNa kAraNa hotA hai| isake astitvakA patA bhI lokakI sImAoMpara hI calatA hai| jaba Age dharmadravya na honeke kAraNa jIva aura pudgala dravya gati nahIM kara sakate taba sthitike lie isakI sahakAritA apekSita hotI hai| ye donoM dravya svayaM gati nahIM karate; kintu gamana karanevAle aura ThaharanevAle jIva aura pudgaloMkI gati aura sthitimeM sAdhAraNa nimitta hote haiN| loka aura alokakA vibhAga hI inake sadbhAvakA acUka pramANa hai| ___yadi AkAzako ho sthitikA kAraNa mAnate haiM, to AkAza to alokameM bhI maujUda hai / vaha cUMki akhaNDa dravya hai, ataH yadi vaha lokake bAharake padArthoMkI sthitimeM kAraNa nahIM ho sakatA; to lokake bhItara bhI usakI kAraNatA nahIM bana sktii| isalie sthitike sAdhAraNa kAraNake rUpameM adharmadravyakA pRthaka astitva hai| ye dharma aura adharma dravya, puNya aura pApake paryAyavAcI nahIM haiM-svataMtra dravya haiN| inake asaMkhyAta pradeza haiM, ataH bahupradezI hone ke kAraNa inheM 'astikAya' kahate haiM aura isalie inakA 'dharmAstikAya' aura 'adharmAstikAya' ke rUpameM bhI nirdeza hotA hai| inakA sadA zuddha pariNamana hotA hai| dravyake mUla pariNAmIsvabhAvake anusAra pUrva paryAyako chor3ane aura uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karanekA krama apane pravAhI astitvako banAye rakhate hue anAdikAlase calA A rahA hai aura ananta kAla taka cAlU rhegaa| AkAza dravya : samasta jIva-ajIvAdi dravyoMko jo jagaha detA hai arthAt jisameM ye samasta jova-pudgalAdi dravya yugapat avakAza pAye hue haiM, vaha AkAza dravya hai| yadyapi pudgalAdi dravyoMmeM bhI paraspara hInAdhika rUpameM eka dUsareko avakAza denA dekhA jAtA hai, jaise ki Tebila para kitAba yA bartanameM pAnI AdikA, phira bhI samasta dravyoMko eka sAtha avakAza denevAlA AkAza hI ho sakatA hai| isake ananta pradeza haiN| isake madhya bhAgameM caudaha rAjU U~cA puruSAkAra loka hai, jisake kAraNa AkAza lokAkAza aura alokAkAzake rUpameM vibhAjita ho jAtA hai / lokAkAza asaMkhyAta pradezoMmeM hai, zeSa ananta aloka hai, jahA~ kevala AkAza hI AkAza hai| yaha niSkriya hai aura rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza aura zabdAdise rahita honeke kAraNa amUrtika hai / 'avakAza dAna' hI isakA eka asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jisa prakAra ki dharmadravyakA gamanakAraNatva aura adharmadravyakA sthitikAraNatva / yaha sarvavyApaka hai aura akhaNDa hai|

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Sadravya vivecana dizA svatantra dravya nahIM : / isI AkAza ke pradezoM meM sUryodayakI apekSA pUrva, pazcima Adi dizAoMkI kalpanA kI jAtI hai / dizA koI svatantra dravya nahIM hai / AkAza ke pradezoMkI paMktiyA~ saba tarapha kapar3e meM tantukI taraha zreNIbaddha haiM / eka paramANu jitane AkAzako rokatA hai use pradeza kahate isa nApase AkAza ke ananta pradeza haiM / yadi pUrva, pazcima Adi vyavahAra hone ke kAraNa dizAko eka svatantra dravya mAnA jAtA hai, to pUrvadeza, pazcimadeza Adi vyavahAroMse 'deza dravya' bhI svatantra mAnanA par3egA | phira prAnta, jilA, tahasIla Adi bahutase svatantra dravyoMkI kalpanA karanI par3egI / 133 zabda AkAzakA guNa nahIM : AkAzameM zabda guNakI kalpanA bhI Ajake vaijJAnika prayogoMne asatya siddha kara dI hai / hama pudgala dravyake varNanameM use paudgalika siddha kara Aye haiM / yaha to moTI-sI bAta hai ki jo zabda paudgalika indriyoMse gRhIta hotA hai, pudgaloMse TakarAtA hai, pudgaloMse rokA jAtA hai, pudgaloMko rokatA hai, pudgaloMmeM bharA jAtA hai, vaha paudgalika hI ho sakatA hai / ataH zabda guNake AdhArake rUpameM AkAzakA astitva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / na 'pudgala dravya' kA hI pariNamana AkAza ho sakatA hai; kyoMki eka hI dravyake mUrta aura amUrtta, vyApaka aura avyApaka Adi do viruddha pariNamana nahIM ho sakate / AkAza prakRtikA vikAra nahIM : Jain Educationa International sAMkhya eka prakRti tattva mAnakara usIke pRthivI Adi bhUta tathA AkAza ye donoM pariNamana mAnate haiM / parantu vicAraNIya bAta yaha hai ki -eka prakRtikA ghaTa, paTa, pRthivI, jala, agni aura vAyu Adi aneka rUpI bhautika kAryoMke AkArameM hI pariNamana karanA yukti aura anubhava donoMse viruddha hai, kyoMki saMsArake ananta rUpI bhautika kAryoMkI apanI pRthaka-pRthaka sattA dekhI jAtI hai / sattva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMkA sAdRzya dekhakara ina sabako ekajAtIya yA samAnato kahA jA sakatA hai, para eka nahIM / kiJcit samAnatA hone ke kAraNa kAryoMkA eka kAraNase utpanna honA bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai / bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM se utpanna honevAle saikar3oM ghaTapaTAdi kArya kucha-na-kucha jaDatva Adike rUpase samAnatA rakhate hI / phira mUrtika aura amUrtika; rUpI aura arUpI, vyApaka aura avyApaka, sakriya aura niSkriya Adi rUpase viruddha dharmavAle pRthivI Adi For Personal and Private Use Only

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134 jainadarzana aMzase samA jAnA hai / brahmavAda kucha padArthoM ko eka brahmakA vivarta mAnatA hai, prakRtika paryAya | aura AkAzako eka prakRtikA pariNamana mAnanA brahmavAdakI mAyAmeM hI eka Age bar3hakara cetana aura acetana sabhI aura ye sAMkhya samasta jar3oMko eka jar3a yadi triguNAtmakatvakA anvaya honese saba eka triguNAtmaka kAraNase samutpanna haiM, to AtmatvakA anvaya sabhI AtmAoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai, aura sattAkA anvaya sabhI cetana aura acetana padArthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai; to ina sabako bhI eka 'advaita - sat' kAraNase utpanna huA mAnanA par3egA, jo ki pratIti aura vaijJAnika prayoga donoMse viruddha hai / apane-apane vibhinna kAraNoMse utpanna honevAle svatantra jar3acetana aura mUrta-amUrta Adi vividha padArthoMmeM aneka prakArake para apara sAmAnyoM kA sAdRzya dekhA jAtA hai, para itane mAtrase saba eka nahIM ho sakate / ataH AkAza prakRtikI paryAya na hokara eka svatantra dravya hai, jo amUrta, niSkriya, sarvavyApaka aura ananta hai / jala Adi pudgala dravya apanemeM jo anya pudgalAdi dravyoMko avakAza yA sthAna dete haiM, vaha unake tarala pariNamana aura zithila bandhake kAraNa banatA hai / antataH jalAdike bhItara rahanevAlA AkAza hI avakAza denevAlA siddha hotA hai / isa AkAzase hI dharmadravya aura adharmadravyakA gati aura sthitirUpa kAma nahIM nikAlA jA sakatA; kyoMki yadi AkAza hI pudgalAdi dravyoMkI gati aura sthiti meM nimitta ho jAya to loka aura alokakA vibhAga hI nahIM bana sakegA, aura mukta jIva, jo lokAntameM Thaharate haiM, ve sadA ananta AkAzameM Upara kI ora ur3ate raheMge / ataH AkAzako gamana aura sthitimeM sAdhAraNa kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / yaha AkAza bhI anya dravyoMkI bhA~ti 'utpAda, vyaya aura dhovya' isa sAmAnya dravyalakSaNa se yukta hai, aura isameM pratikSaNa apane aguru-laghu guNake kAraNa pUrva paryAyakA vinAza aura uttara paryAyakA utpAda hote hue bhI satata avicchinnatA banI rahatI hai / ataH yaha bhI pariNAmI nitya hai / AjakA vijJAna prakAza aura zabdakI gatike lie jisa IthararUpa mAdhyamakI kalpanA karatA hai, vaha AkAza nahIM hai / vaha to eka sUkSma pariNamana karanevAlA lokavyApI pudgala-skandha hI hai; kyoMki mUrtta - dravyoMkI gatikA antaraMga AdhAra amUrta padArtha nahIM ho sakatA | AkAzake ananta pradeza isalie mAne jAte haiM ki

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Sadravya vivecana jo AkAzakA bhAga kAzImeM hai, vahI paTanA AdimeM nahIM haiM, anyathA kAzI aura paTanA eka hI kSetrameM A jaayeNge| bauddha-paramparAmeM AkAzakA svarUpa : ___ bauddha paramparAmeM AkAzako asaMskRta dharmoM meM ginAyA hai aura usakA 'varNana'' 'anAvRti' ( AvaraNAbhAva ) rUpase kiyA hai| yaha kisIko AvaraNa nahIM karatA aura na kisIse AvRta hotA hai| saMskRtakA artha hai, jisameM utpAdAdi dharma pAye jAya~ / kintu sarvakSaNikavAdI bauddhakA, AkAzako asaMskRta arthAt utpAdAdi dharmase rahita mAnanA kucha samajhameM nahIM aataa| isakA varNana bhale hI anAvRti rUpase kiyA jAya, para vaha bhAvAtmaka padArtha hai, yaha vaibhASikoMke2 vivecanase siddha hotA hai| koI bhI bhAvAtmaka padArtha bauddhake matase utpAdAdizanya kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha to ho sakatA hai ki usameM honevAle utpAdAdikA hama varNana na kara sakeM, para svarUpabhUta utpAdAdise inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na kevala vaha AvaraNAbhAvarUpa hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| 'abhidhammatthasaMgaha' meM AkAzadhAtuko paricchedarUpa mAnA hai| vaha cAra mahAbhUtoMkI taraha niSpanna nahIM hotA; kintu anya pRthvI Adi dhAtuoMke pariccheda-darzana mAtrase isakA jJAna hotA hai, isalie ise paricchedarUpa kahate haiM; para AkAza kevala paricchedarUpa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha arthakriyAkArI hai| ataH vaha utpAdAdi lakSaNoMse yukta eka saMskRta padArtha hai| kAladravya : ____samasta dravyoMke utpAdAdirUpa pariNamanameM sahakArI 'kAladravya' hotA hai / isakA lakSaNa hai vrtnaa| yaha svayaM parivartana karate hue anya dravyoMke parivartanameM sahakArI hotA hai aura samasta lokAkAzameM ghar3I, ghaMTA, pala, dina, rAta Adi vyavahAroMmeM nimitta hotA hai| yaha bhI anya dravyoMkI taraha utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya lakSaNavAlA hai| rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adise rahita honeke kAraNa amUrtika hai| pratyeka lokAkAzake pradezapara eka-eka kAla-dravya apanI svatantra sattA rakhatA hai| dharma aura adharma dravyakI taraha vaha lokAkAzavyApI ekadravya nahIM hai; kyoMki pratyeka AkAza pradezapara samayabheda ise anekadravya mAne binA nahIM bana sktaa| 1. "tatrAkAzamanAvRtiH"-abhidharmakoza 1 / 5 / 2. "chidramAkAzadhAtvAkhyam AlokatamasI kil|" -abhidharmakoza 1 / 28 //

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136 jainadarzana laMkA aura kurukSetrameM dina, rAta AdikA pRthak-pRthak vyavahAra tattatsthAnoMke kAlabhedake kAraNa hI hotA hai| eka akhaNDa dravya mAnanepara kAlabheda nahIM ho sktaa| dravyoMmeM paratva-aparatva ( lahurA-jeThA ) Adi vyavahAra kAlase hI hote haiM / purAnApana-nayApana bhI kAlakRta hI haiM / atIta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya ye vyavahAra bhI kAlakI kramika paryAyoMse hote haiN| kisI bhI padArthake pariNamanako atIta, vartamAna yA bhaviSya kahanA kAlakI apekSAse hI ho sakatA hai| vaizeSikako mAnyatA: vaizeSika kAlako eka aura vyApaka dravya mAnate haiM, parantu nitya aura eka dravyameM jaba svayaM atItAdi bheda nahIM haiM, taba usake nimittase anya padArthoM meM atItAdi bheda kaise nApe jA sakate haiM ? kisI bhI dravyakA pariNamana kisI samayameM hI to hotA hai| binA samayake usa pariNamanako atIta, anAgata yA vartamAna kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? tAtparya yaha hai ki pratyeka AkAza-pradezapara vibhinna dravyoMke jo vilakSaNa pariNamana ho rahe haiM, unameM eka sAdhAraNa nimitta kAla hai, jo aNurUpa hai aura jisakI samayaparyAyoMke samudAyameM hama ghar3I ghaMTA Adi sthUla kAlakA nApa banAte haiM / alokAkAzameM jo atItAdi vyavahAra hotA hai, vaha lokAkAzavartI kAlake kAraNa hii| caMki loka aura alokavartI AkAza, eka akhaNDa dravya hai, ataH lokAkAzameM honevAlA koI bhI pariNamana samUce AkAzameM hI hotA hai / kAla ekapradezI honeke kAraNa dravya hokara bhI 'astikAya' nahIM kahA jAtA; kyoMki bahupradezI dravyoMkI hI 'astikAya' saMjJA hai| zvetAmbara jaina paramparAmeM kucha AcArya kAlako savatantra dravya nahIM maante| bauddha paramparAmeM kAla : bauddha paramparAmeM kAla kevala vyavahArake lie kalpita hotA hai| yaha koI svabhAvasiddha padArtha nahIM hai, prajJaptimAtra hai| ( adRzAlinI 1 / 3 / 16 ) / kintu atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna Adi vyavahAra mukhya kAlake binA nahIM ho sakate / jaise ki bAlakameM zerakA upacAra mukhya zerake sadbhAvameM hI hotA hai, usI taraha samasta kAlika vyavahAra mukhya kAladravyake binA nahIM bana sakate / isa taraha jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ye chaHdravya anAdisiddha maulika haiM / sabakA eka hI sAmAnya lakSaNa hai-utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyayuktatA / isa lakSaNakA apavAda koI bhI dravya kabhI bhI nahIM ho sktaa| dravya cAhe zuddha hoM yA azuddha, ve isa sAmAnya lakSaNase hara samaya saMyukta rahate haiM /

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dravya vivecana vaizeSikakI dravyamAnyatAkA vicAra : vaizeSika pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dizA, AtmA aura mana ye nava dravya mAnate haiM / inameM pRthvI Adika cAra dravya to 'rUpa-rasa-gandha-sparzavattva' isa sAmAnya lakSaNase yukta honeke kAraNa pudgala dravyameM antarbhUta haiM / dizAkA AkAzameM antarbhAva hotA hai / mana svatantra dravya nahIM hai, vaha yathAsambhava jIva aura pudgalakI hI paryAya hai / mana do prakArakA hotA hai - eka dravyamana aura dUsarA bhAvamana / dravyamana AtmAko vicAra karane meM sahAyatA denevAle pudgala-paramANuoMkA skandha hai / ' zarIrake jisa jisa bhAga meM AtmAkA upayoga jAtA hai; vahA~-vahA~ ke zarIrake paramANu bhI tatkAla manarUpase pariNata ho jAte haiM / athavA, hRdaya-pradezameM aSTadala kamalake AkArakA dravyamana hotA hai, jo hitAhitake vicAra AtmAkA upakaraNa banatA hai / vicAra-zakti AtmAkI hai / ataH bhAvamana AtmarUpa hI hotA hai / jisa prakAra bhAvendriyA~ AtmAkI hI vizeSa zaktiyA~ haiM, usI taraha bhAvamana bhI noindriyAvaraNakarmake kSayopazamase prakaTa honevAlI AtmAkI eka vizeSa zakti hai; atirikta dravya nahIM / bauddha paraMparAmeM hRdaya-vastuko eka pRthak dhAtu mAnA hai, jo ki dravyamanakA sthAnIya ho sakatA hai / 'abhidharmakoza' meM chaha jJAnoMke samanantara kAraNabhUta pUrvajJAnako mana kahA hai / yaha bhAvamanakA sthAna grahaNa kara sakatA hai, kyoMki cetanAtmaka hai / indriyA~ manakI sahAyatA ke binA apane viSayoMkA jJAna nahIM kara sakatIM, parantu mana akelA hI guNadoSavicAra Adi vyApAra kara sakatA hai / manakA koI nizcita viSaya nahIM hai, ataH vaha sarvaviSayaka hotA hai / guNa Adi svatantra padArtha nahIM : 137 vaizeSikane dravya ke sivAya guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva ye chaha padArtha aura mAne haiM / vaizeSikakI mAnyatA pratyayake AdhAra se calatI hai / cUMki 'guNaH guNa:' isa prakArakA pratyaya hotA hai, ataH guNa eka padArtha honA 1. " dravyamanazca jJAnAvaraNavIryAntarAyakSayopazamalAbhapratyayAH guNadoSavicArasmaraNAdipraNidhAnAbhimukhasyAtmano'nugrAhakAH pudgalAH vIryavizeSa | varjanasamarthAH manaratvena pariNatA iti kRtvA paudgalikam '' manastvena hi pariNatAH pudgalAH guNadoSavicArasmaraNAdikAryaM kRtvA tadanantarasamaya eva manastvAt pracyavante / " tattvArthavA0 5 / 16 / 2. " tAmraparNIyA api hRdayavastu manovijJAnadhAtorAzrayaM kalpayanti / " -- sphuTArtha abhi0 pR0 49 / 3. " SaNNAmanantarAtItaM vijJAnaM yaddhi tanmanaH / " - abhidharmakoza 1 / 17 /

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jainadarzana cAhie / 'karma' karma' isa pratyayake kAraNa karma eka svatantra padArtha mAnA gayA hai / 'anugatAkAra, pratyayase para aura apara rUpase aneka prakArake sAmAnya mAne gaye haiM / 'apRthaksiddha ' padArthoMke sambandha sthApanake lie 'samavAya' kI AvazyakatA huI / nitya paramANuoMmeM, zuddha AtmAoMmeM, tathA mukta AtmAoM ke manoMmeM paraspara vilakSaNatAkA bodha karAne ke lie pratyeka nitya dravyapara eka eka vizeSa padArtha mAnA gayA hai / kAryotpattike pahale vastuke abhAvakA nAma prAgabhAva hai / utpattike bAda honevAlA vinAza pradhvaMsAbhAva hai / paraspara padArthoM ke svarUpakA abhAva anyonyAbhAva aura traikAlika saMsargakA niSedha karanevAlA atyantAbhAva hotA hai / isa taraha jitane prakAra ke pratyaya padArthoMmeM hote haiM, utane prakAra ke padArtha vaizeSikane mAne haiM / vaizeSikako 'sampratyayopAdhyAya' kahA gayA hai / usakA yahI artha hai ki vaizeSika pratyaya AdhArase padArthakI kalpanA karanevAlA upAdhyAya hai / 138 parantu vicAra kara dekhA jAya to guNa, kriyA, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya aura abhAva ye saba dravyakI paryAyeM hI haiM / dravyake svarUpase bAhara guNAdikI koI sattA nahIM hai / dravyakA lakSaNa hai' guNaparyAyavAlA honA / jJAnAdiguNoMkA AtmAse tathA rUpAdi guNoMkA pudgalase pRthak astitva na to dekhA hI jAtA hai, aura na yuktisiddha hI hai / guNa aura guNIko, kriyA aura kriyAvAnko, sAmAnya aura sAmAnyavAnko, vizeSa aura nitya dravyoMko svayaM vaizeSika ayutasiddha mAnate haiM, arthAt ukta padArtha paraspara pRthak nahIM kiye jA sakate / guNa Adiko chor3akara dravyakI apanI pRthak sattA kyA hai ? isI taraha dravyake binA guNAdi nirAdhAra kahA~ raheMge ? inakA dravyake sAtha kathaMcit tAdAtmya sambandha hai / isIlie kahIM " guNasandrAvo dravyam" yaha bhI dravyakA lakSaNa milatA hai / eka hI dravya jisa prakAra aneka guNoMkA akhaNDa piNDa hai, usI taraha jo dravya sakriya haiM unameM honevAlI kriyA bhI usI dravyakI paryAya hai, svataMtra nahIM hai / kriyA yA karma kriyAvAn se bhinna apanA astitva nahIM rakhate / isI taraha pRthvItvAdi bhinna dravyavartI sAmAnya sadRzapariNAmarUpa hI haiM / koI eka, nitya aura vyApaka sAmAnya aneka dravyoMmeM motiyoM meM sUtakI taraha piroyA huA nahIM hai / jina dravyoM meM jisa rUpase sAdRzya pratIta hotA hai, una dravyoM kA vaha sAmAnya mAna liyA jAtA hai / vaha kevala buddhikalpita bhI nahIM 1. " guNaparyayavadravyam / " - tattvArtha sUtra 5 / 38 / 2. " anvarthaM khalvapi nirvacanaM guNasandrAvo dravyamiti / " Jain Educationa International - pAta0 mahAbhASya 5 / 1 / 119 / For Personal and Private Use Only

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Sadravya vivecana hai, kintu sAdRzya rUpase vastuniSTha hai; aura vastukI taraha hI utpAdavinAzadhobyazAlI hai / samavAya sambandha hai / yaha jinameM hotA hai una donoM padArthoMkI hI paryAya hai | jJAnakA sambandha AtmAmeM mAnanekA yahI artha hai ki jJAna aura usakA sambandha AtmAkI hI sampatti hai, AtmAse bhinna usakI svatantra sattA nahIM hai / koI bhI sambandha apane sambandhiyoMkI avasthArUpa ho ho sakatA hai / do svatantra padArthoM meM honevAlA saMyoga bhI domeM na rahakara pratyekameM rahatA hai, isakA saMyoga usameM aura usakA saMyoga isameM / yAne saMyoga pratyekaniSTha hokara bhI doke dvArA abhivyakta hotA hai / vizeSa padArthako svatantra mAnanekI AvazyakatA isalie nahIM hai ki jaba sabhI dravyoMkA apanA-apanA svatantra astitva hai, taba unameM vilakSaNapratyaya bhI apane nijI vyaktitvake kAraNa hI ho sakatA hai / jisa prakAra vizeSa padArthoM meM vilakSaNa pratyaya utpanna karaneke lie anya vizeSa padArthoMkI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, vaha svayaM unake svarUpase hI ho jAtA hai, usI taraha dravyoMke nijarUpase hI vilakSaNapratyaya mAnanemeM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / 139 isI taraha pratyeka dravyakI pUrva paryAya usakA prAgabhAva hai, uttaraparyAya pradhvaMsAbhAva hai, pratiniyata nijasvarUpa anyonyAbhAva hai aura asaMsargIyarUpa atyantAbhAva hai / abhAva bhAvAntararUpa hotA hai, vaha apane meM koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai / eka dravyakA apane svarUpameM sthira honA hI usameM pararUpakA abhAva hai / eka hI dravyakI do bhinna paryAyoMmeM paraspara abhAva - vyavahAra karAnA itaretarAbhAvakA kArya hai aura do dravyoM meM paraspara abhAva atyantAbhAvase hotA hai / ataH guNAdi pRthak sattA rakhanevAle svatantra padArtha nahIM haiM, kintu dravyakI hI paryAyeM haiM / free pratyaya AdhArase hI yadi padArthoMkI vyavasthA kI jAya; to padArthoMkI ginatI karanA hI kaThina hai / isI taraha avayavI dravyako avayavoMse judA mAnanA bhI pratItiviruddha hai / tantu Adi avayava hI amuka AkAra meM pariNata hokara paTasaMjJA pA lete haiM / koI alaga paTa nAmakA avayavI tantu nAmaka avayavoMmeM samavAya-sambandhase rahatA ho, yaha anubhavagamya nahIM hai; kyoMki paTa nAmake avayavIkI sattA tanturUpa avayavoMse bhinna kahIM bhI aura kabhI bhI nahIM mAlUma hotI / skandha avasthA paryAya hai, dravya nahIM / jina miTTI ke paramANuoMse ghar3A banatA hai, ve paramANu svayaM ghar3eke AkArako grahaNa kara lete haiM / ghar3A una paramANuoMkI sAmudAyika abhivyakti hai / aisA

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140 jainadarzana nahIM hai ki ghar3A pRthak avayavI banakara kahIMse A jAtA ho, kintu miTTIke paramANuoMkA amuka AkAra, amuka paryAya aura amuka prakArameM kramabaddha pariNamanoMkI ausatase hI ghaTake rUpameM ho jAtA hai aura ghaTavyavahArakI saMgati baiTha jAtI hai| ghaTa-avasthAko prApta paramANu dravyoMkA apanA nijI svatantra pariNamana bhI usa avasthAmeM barAbara cAlU rahatA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki ghaTake amuka-amuka hissoMmeM rUpa, sparza aura TikAUpana AdikA antara dekhA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki pratyeka paramANu apanA svatantra astitva aura svatantra pariNamana rakhanepara bhI sAmudAyika samAna pariNamanako dhArAmeM apane vyaktigata pariNamanako vilIna-sA kara detA hai aura jaba taka yaha samAna pariNamanakI dhArA avayavabhUta paramANuoMmeM cAlU rahatI hai, taba taka usa padArthakI eka-jaisI sthiti banI rahatI hai| jaise-jaise una paramANuoMmeM sAmudAyika dhArAse asahayoga prArambha hotA hai, vaise-vaise usa sAmudAyika abhivyaktimeM nyUnatA, zithilatA aura jIrNatA Adi rUpase vividhatA A calatI hai| tAtparya yaha ki mUlataH guNa aura paryAyoMkA AdhAra jo hotA hai vahI dravya kahalAtA aura usIkI sattA dravyarUpameM ginI jAtI hai| aneka dravyoMke samAna yA asamAna pariNamanoMkI ausatase jo vibhinna vyavahAra hote haiM, ve svatantra dravyakI saMjJA nahIM pA skte| __ jina paramANuoMse ghaTa banatA hai una paramANuoMmeM ghaTa nAmake niraMza avayavIko svIkAra karanemeM anekoM dUSaNa Ate haiN| yathA-niraMza avayavI apane avayavoMmeM ekadezase rahatA hai, yA sarvAtmanA ? yadi ekadezase rahatA hai; to jitane avayava haiM, utane hI deza avayavIke mAnanA hoNge| yadi sarvAtmanA pratyeka avayavameM rahatA hai; to jitane avayava haiM utane hI avayavI ho jaayNge| yadi avayavI niraMza hai; to vastrAdike eka hisseko DhaMkanepara sampUrNa vastra DhaMkA jAnA cAhiye aura eka avayavameM kriyA honepara pUre avayavImeM kriyA honI cAhie, kyoMki avayavI niraMza hai / yadi avayavI atirikta hai; to cAra chaTA~ka sUtase taiyAra hue vastrakA vajana bar3ha jAnA cAhiye, para aisA dekhA nahIM jaataa| vastrake eka aMzake phaTa jAnepara phira utane paramANuoMse naye avayavIkI utpatti mAnanemeM kalpanAgaurava aura pratItibAdhA hai; kyoMki jaba pratisamaya kapar3ekA upacaya aura apacaya hotA hai taba pratikSaNa naye avayavIkI utpatti mAnanA pdd'egii| __ vaizeSikakA ATha, nava, dasa Adi kSaNoMmeM paramANukI kriyA, saMyoga Adi kramase avayavIkI utpatti aura vinAzakA varNana eka prakriyAmAtra hai| vastutaH jaise-jaise kAraNakalApa milate jAte haiM, vaise-vaise una paramANuoMke saMyoga aura

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Sadravya vivecana 143 viyogase usa-usa prakArake AkAra aura prakAra banate aura bigar3ate rahate haiN| paramANuoMse lekara ghaTa taka aneka svataMtra avayaviyoMkI utpatti aura vinAzakI prakriyAse to yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jo dravya pahale nahIM haiM, ve utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiM, jabaki kisI naye dravyakA utpAda aura usakA sadAke lie vinAza vastusiddhAntake pratikUla hai| yaha to saMbhava hai aura pratItisiddha hai ki una-una paramANuoMkI vibhinna avasthAoMmeM piNDa, sthAsa, koza, kuzUla Adi vyavahAra hote hue pUrNa kalaza-avasthAmeM ghaTavyavahAra ho| isameM kisI naye dravyake utpAdakI bAta nahIM hai, aura na vajana bar3hanekI bAta hai| ___ yaha ThIka hai ki pratyeka paramANu jaladhAraNa nahIM kara sakatA aura ghaTameM jala bharA jA sakatA hai, para itane mAtrAse use pRthak dravya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / ye to paramANuoMke viziSTa saMgaThanake kArya haiM; jo usa prakArake saMgaThana honepara svataH hote haiM / eka paramANu A~khase nahIM dikhAI detA, para amuka paramANuoMkA samudAya jaba viziSTa avasthAko prApta ho jAtA hai, to vaha dikhAI dene lagatA hai| snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa paramANuoMke aneka prakArake sambandha hote rahate haiM, jo apanI dRr3hatA aura zithilatAke anusAra adhika TikAU yA kama TikAU hote haiM / skandha-avasthAmeM cUMki paramANuoMkA svataMtra dravyatva naSTa nahIM hotA, ataH una-una hissoMke paramANuoMmeM pRthak rUpa aura rasAdikA pariNamana bhI hotA jAtA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki eka kapar3A kisI hisse meM adhika mailA, kisImeM kama mailA aura kisImeM ujalA banA rahatA hai / yaha avazya svIkAra karanA hogA ki jo paramANu kisI sthUla ghaTa Adi kArya rUpase pariNata hue haiM, ve apanI paramANu-avasthAko chor3akara skandha-avasthAko prApta hue haiM / yaha skandha-avasthA kisI naye dravyakI nahIM, kintu una sabhI paramANuoMkI avasthAoMkA yoga hai| yadi paramANuoMko sarvathA pRthak aura sadA paramANurUpa hI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to jisa prakAra eka paramANu A~khoMse nahIM dikhAI detA usI taraha saikar3oM paramANuoMke ati-samIpa rakhe rahane para bhI, ve indriyoMke gocara nahIM ho sakeMge / amuka skandha-avasthAmeM Ane para unheM apanI adRzyatAko tyAgakara dRzyatA svIkAra karanI hI caahie| kisI bhI vastukI majabUtI yA kamajorI usake ghaTaka avayavoMke dRr3ha aura zithila baMdhake Upara nirbhara karatI hai| ve hI paramANu loheke skandhakI avasthAko prApta kara kaThora aura cirasthAyI banate haiM, jaba ki rUI avasyAmeM mRdu aura acirasthAyI rahate haiM / yaha saba to unake bandhake prakAroMse hotA rahatA hai| yaha to samajhameM AtA hai ki pratyeka pudgala paramANu

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142 jainadarzana dravyameM pudgalakI sabhI zaktiyA~ hoM, aura vibhinna skandhoMmeM unakA nyUnAdhikarUpameM aneka tarahakA vikAsa ho / ghaTameM hI jala bharA jAtA hai kapar3emeM nahIM, yadyapi paramANu donoMmeM hI haiM aura paramANuoMse donoM hI bane haiN| vahI paramANu candanaavasthAmeM zItala hote haiM aura ve hI jaba agnikA nimitta pAkara Aga bana jAte haiM, taba anya lakar3iyoMkI AgakI taraha dAhaka hote haiN| pudgaladravyoMke paraspara nyUnAdhika sambandhase honevAle pariNamanoMkI na koI ginatI nirdhArita hai aura na AkAra aura prakAra hI / kisI bhI paryAyakI ekarUpatA aura cirasthAyitA usake pratisamayabhAvI samAnapariNamanoM para nirbhara karatI hai| jaba taka usake ghaTaka paramANuoMmeM samAnaparyAya hotI rahegI, taba taka vaha vastu eka-sI rahegI aura jyoM hI kucha paramANuoMmeM paristhitike anusAra asamAna pariNamana zurU hogA; taise hI vastuke AkAra-prakArameM vilakSaNatA AtI jaaygii| Ajake vijJAnase jaldI sar3anevAle AlUko baraphameM yA baddhavAyu ( Airtite ) meM rakhakara jaldI sar3anese bacA liyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki satata gatizIla pudgala-paramANuoMke AkAra aura prakArakI sthiratA yA asthiratAkI koI nizcita javAbadArI nahIM lI jA sktii| yaha to paristhiti aura vAtAvaraNa para nirbhara hai ki ve kaba, kahA~ aura kaise rheN| kisI lambe caur3e skandhake amuka bhAgake kucha paramANu yadi vidroha karake skandhatvako kAyama rakhanevAlI pariNatiko svIkAra nahIM karate haiM to usa bhAgameM turanta vilakSaNatA A jAtI hai / isIlie sthAyI skandha taiyAra karane ke samaya isa bAtakA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai ki una paramANuoMkA paraspara ekarasa milAva huA hai yA nhiiN| jaisA mAvA taiyAra hogA vaisA hI to kAgaja bnegaa| ataH na to paramANuoMko sarvathA nitya yAnI aparivartanazIla mAnA jA sakatA hai aura na itanA svatantra pariNamana karanevAle ki jisase eka samAna paryAyakA vikAsa hI na ho ske| avayavIkA svarUpa : yadi bauddhoMkI taraha atyanta samIpa rakhe hue kintu paraspara asambaddha paramANuoMkA puja hI sthUla ghaTAdi rUpase pratibhAsita hotA hai, yaha mAnA jAya; to binA sambandhake tathA sthUla AkArako prAptike binA ho vaha aNupuJja skandha rUpase kaise pratibhAsita ho sakatA hai ? yaha kevala bhrama nahIM hai, kintu prakRtikI prayogazAlAmeM honevAlA vAstavika rAsAyanika mizraNa hai, jisameM sabhI paramANu badalakara eka naI hI avasthAko dhAraNa kara rahe haiM / yadyapi 'tattvasaMgraha' (pR0 195 ) meM yaha svIkAra kiyA hai ki paramANuoMmeM viziSTa avasthAkI prApti

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Sadnya vivecana 143 ho jAnese ve sthUlarUpameM indriyagrAhya hote haiM, to bhI jaba sambandhakA niSedha kiyA jAtA hai, taba isa 'viziSTa avasthAprApti' kA kyA artha ho sakatA hai ? antataH usakA yahI artha sambhava hai ki jo paramANu paraspara vilaga aura atIndriya the ve hI parasparabaddha aura indriyagrAhya bana jAte haiM / isa prakArakI pariNatike mAne binA bAlake puJjase ghaTake paramANuoMke sambandhameM koI vizeSatA nahIM batAI jA sktii| paramANuoMmeM jaba snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa amuka prakArake rAsAyanika bandhake rUpameM sambandha hotA hai, tabhI ve paramANu skandha-avasthAko dhAraNa kara sakate haiM; kevala paraspara nirantara avasthita honeke kAraNa hI nhiiN| yaha ThIka hai ki usa prakArakA bandha hone para bhI koI nayA dravya utpanna nahIM hotA, para naI avasthA to utpanna hotI hI hai, aura vaha aisI avasthA hai, jo kevala sAdhAraNa saMyogase janya nahIM hai, kintu vizeSa prakArake ubhayapAriNAmika rAsAyanika bandhase utpanna hotI hai| paramANuoMke saMyoga-sambandha aneka prakArake hote haiM-kahIM mAtra pradezasaMyoga hotA hai, kahIM niviDa, kahI zithila aura kahIM rAsAyanika bandharUpa / bandha-avasthAmeM hI skandhako utpatti hotI hai aura acAkSuSa skandhako cAkSuSa banane ke lie dUsare skandhake viziSTa saMyogakI usa rUpameM AvazyakatA hai, jisa rUpase vaha usakI sUkSmatAkA vinAza kara sthUlatA lA sake; yAnI jo skandha yA paramANu apanI sUkSma avasthAkA tyAga kara sthUla avasthAko dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha indriyagamya ho sakatA hai| pratyeka paramANumeM akhaNDatA aura avibhAgitA honepara bhI yaha khuzI to avazya hai ki apanI svAbhAvika lacakake kAraNa ve eka dUsareko sthAna de dete haiM, aura asaMkhya paramANu milAkara apane sUkSma pariNamanarUpa svabhAvake kAraNa thor3I-sI jagahameM samA jAte haiN| paramANuoMkI saMkhyAkA adhika honA hI sthUlatAkA kAraNa nahIM / bahutase kamasaMkhyAvAle paramANu bhI apane sthUla pariNamanake dvArA sthUla skandha bana jAte haiM, jaba ki unase kaI gune paramANu kArmaNa zarIra AdimeM sUkSma pariNamanake dvArA indriya-agrAhya skandhake rUpameM hI raha jAte haiN| tAtparya yaha ki indriyagrAhyatAke lie paramANuoMkI saMkhyA apekSita nahIM hai, kintu unakA amuka rUpameM sthUla pariNamana hI vizeSarUpase apekSaNIya hotA hai| ye aneka prakArake bandha paramANuoMke apane snigdha aura rUkSa svabhAvake kAraNa pratikSaNa hote rahate haiM, aura paramANuoMke apane nijI pariNamanoMke yogase usa skandhase rUpAdikA tAratamya ghaTita ho jAtA hai| eka sthUla skandhameM saikar3oM prakArake bandhavAle choTe-choTe avayava-skandha zAmila rahate haiM; aura unameM pratisamaya kisI avayavakA TUTanA, nayekA jur3anA tathA aneka

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144 jainadarzana prakArake upacaya-apacayarUpa parivartana hote haiM / yaha nizcita hai ki skandha-avasthA binA rAsAyanika bandhaka nahIM hotii| yoM sAdhAraNa saMyogake AdhArase bhI eka sthUla pratIti hotI hai aura usameM vyavahArake lie naI saMjJA bhI kara lI jAtI hai, para itane mAtrase skandha avasthA nahIM banatI / isa rAsAyanika bandhake lie puruSakA prayatna bhI kvacit kAma karatA hai aura binA prayatnake bhI anekoM bandha prApta sAmagrIke anusAra hote haiN| puruSakA prayatna unameM sthAyitA aura sundaratA tathA vizeSa AkAra utpanna karatA hai / saikar3oM prakArake bhautika AviSkAra isI prakArakI prakriyAke phala haiN| asaMkhyAta pradezI lokameM ananta pudgala paramANuoMkA samA jAnA AkAzakI avagAhazakti aura pudgalANuoMke sUkSmapariNamanake kAraNa sambhava ho jAtA hai / kitanI bhI susambaddha lakar3ImeM kIla ThokI jA sakatI hai| pAnImeM hAthIkA DUba jAnA hamArI pratItikA viSaya hotA hI hai / paramANuoMkI ananta zaktiyA~ acintya haiN| Ajake eTama bamane usako bhISaNa saMhAraka zaktikA kucha anubhava to hamalogoMko karA hI diyA hai| guNa Adi dravya rUpa hI haiM : pratyeka dravya sAmAnyatayA yadyapi akhaNDa hai, parantu vaha aneka sahabhAvI guNoMkA abhinna AdhAra hotA hai / ataH usameM guNakRta vibhAga kiyA jA sakatA hai| eka pudgalaparamANu yugapat rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi aneka guNoMkA AdhAra hotA hai| pratyeka guNakA bhI pratisamaya pariNamana hotA hai| guNa aura dravyakA' kathaJcit tAdAtmya sambandha hai / dravyase guNa pRthaka nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie vaha abhinna hai; aura saMjJA, saMkhyA, prayojana Adike bhedase usakA vibhinnarUpase nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai; ataH vaha bhinna hai / isa dRSTise dravyameM jitane guNa haiM, utane utpAda aura vyaya pratisamaya hote haiN| hara guNa apanI pUrva paryAyako chor3akara uttara paryAyako dhAraNa karatA hai, para ve saba haiM apRthaksattAka hI, unakI dravyasattA eka hai| bArIkIse dekhA jAya to paryAya aura guNako chor3akara dravyakA koI pRthaka astitva nahIM hai, yAnI guNa aura paryAya hI dravya hai aura paryAyoMmeM parivartana honepara bhI jo eka avicchinnatAkA niyAmaka aMza hai, vahI to guNa hai / hA~, guNa apanI paryAyoMmeM sAmAnya ekarUpatAke prayojaka hote haiN| jisa samaya pudgalANumeM rUpa apanI kisI naI paryAyako letA hai, usI samaya rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi bhI badalate haiN| isa taraha pratyeka dravyameM pratisamaya guNakRta aneka utpAda aura vyaya hote haiN| ye saba usa guNakI sampatti ( Property ) yA svarUpa haiN|

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Sadravya vivecana rUpAdi guNa prAtibhAsika nahIM haiM : eka pakSa yaha bhI hai ki paramANumeM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi guNoMkI sattA nahIM hai| vaha to eka aisA avibhAgI padArtha hai, jo A~khoMse rUpa, jIbhase rasa, nAkase gandha aura hAtha Adise sparzake rUpameM jAnA jAtA hai, yAnI vibhinna indriyoMke dvArA usameM rUpAdi guNoMkI pratIti hotI hai, vastutaH usameM ina guNoMkI sattA nahIM hai / kintu yaha eka moTA siddhAnta hai ki indriyA~ jAnanevAlI haiM, guNoMkI utpAdaka nhiiN| jisa samaya hama kisI Amako dekha rahe haiM, usa samaya usameM rasa, gandha yA sparza hai hI nahIM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| hamAre na sUMghanepara bhI usameM gandha hai aura na cakhane aura na chUnepara bhI usameM rasa aura sparza hai, yaha bAta pratidinake anubhavakI hai, ise samajhAneko AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isI taraha cetana AtmAmeM eka sAtha jJAna, sukha, zakti, vizvAsa, dhairya aura sAhasa Adi anekoM guNoMkA yugapat sadbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, aura inakA pratikSaNa parivartana hote hue bhI usameM eka avicchinnatA banI rahatI hai| caitanya inhIM aneka rUpoMmeM vikasita hotA hai| isIliye guNoMko sahabhAvI aura anvayI batAyA hai, paryAyeM vyatirekI aura kramabhAvI hotI haiM / ve inhIM guNoMke vikAra yA pariNAma hotI haiN| eka cetana dravyameM jisa kSaNa jJAnakI amuka paryAya ho rahI hai, usI kSaNa darzana, sukha aura zakti Adi aneka guNa apanI-apanI paryAyoMke rUpase barAbara pariNata ho rahe haiM / yadyapi ina samasta guNoMmeM eka caitanya anusyUta hai; phira bhI yaha nahIM hai ki eka hI caitanya svayaM nirguNa hokara vividha guNoMke rUpameM kevala pratibhAsita ho jAtA ho| guNoMkI apanI sthiti svayaM hai aura yahI ekasattAka guNa aura paryAya dravya kahalAte haiM / dravya inase judA koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai, kintu inhIM sabakA tAdAtmya hai| guNa kevala dRSTi-sRSTi nahIM haiM ki apanI-apanI bhAvanAke anusAra usa dravyameM jaba kabhI pratibhAsita ho jAte hoM aura pratibhAsake bAda yA pahale astitva-vihIna hoN| isa taraha pratyeka cetana-acetana dravyameM apane sahabhAvI guNoMke pariNamanake rUpameM anekoM utpAda aura vyaya svabhAvase hote haiM aura dravya unhIM meM apanI akhaNDa anusyUta sattA rakhatA hai, yAnI akhaNDa-sattAvAle guNa-paryAya hI dravya haiN| guNa pratisamaya kisI-na-kisI paryAya rUpase pariNata hogA hI aura aise aneka guNa anantakAla taka jisa eka akhaNDa sattAse anusyUta rahate haiM, vaha dravya hai| dravyakA artha hai, una-una kramabhAvI paryAyoMko prApta honaa| aura isa taraha pratyeka guNa bhI dravya kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki vaha apanI kramabhAvI paryAyoMmeM anusyUta rahatA hI

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146 jainadarzana hai, kintu isa prakAra guNameM aupacArika dravyatA hI banatI hai, mukhya nhiiN| eka dravyase tAdAtmya rakhaneke kAraNa sabhI guNa eka tarahase dravya hI haiM, para isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki pratyeka guNa utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya svarUpa sat honeke kAraNa svayaM eka paripUrNa dravya hotA hai| arthAt guNa vastutaH dravyAMza kahe jA sakate haiM, dravya nhiiN| yaha aMzakalpanA bhI vastusthitipara pratiSThita hai, kevala samajhAneke lie hI nahIM hai| isa taraha dravya guNa-paryAyoMkA eka akhaNDa, tAdAtmya rakhanevAlA aura apane haraeka pradezameM sampUrNa guNoMkI sattAkA AdhAra hotA hai| isa vivecanakA yaha phalitArtha hai ki eka dravya aneka utpAda aura vyayoMkA aura guNarUpase dhrauvyakA yugapat AdhAra hotA hai| yaha apane vibhinna guNa aura paryAyoMmeM jisa prakArakA vAstavika tAdAtmya rakhatA hai, usa prakArakA tAdAtmya do dravyoMmeM nahIM ho sakatA / ata: aneka vibhinna sattAke paramANuoMke bandha-kAlameM jo skandha-avasthA hotI hai, vaha unhIM paramANuoMke sadRza pariNamanakA yoga hai, unameM koI eka nayA dravya nahIM AtA, apitu viziSTa avasthAko prApta ve paramANu hI vibhinna skandhoMke rUpameM vyavahRta hote haiM / yaha viziSTa avasthA unakI kathaJcit ekatva-pariNatirUpa hai| kAryotpatti vicAra sAMkhyakA satkAryavAda : kAryotpattike sambandhameM mukhyatayA tIna vAda haiM / pahalA satkAryavAda, dUsarA asatkAryavAda aura tIsarA sat-asatkAryavAda / sAMkhya satkAryavAdI haiN| unakA yaha Azaya hai ki pratyeka kAraNameM usase utpanna honevAle kAryoMkI sattA hai, kyoMki sarvathA asat kAryakI kharaviSANakI taraha utpatti nahIM ho sktii| gehU~ke aMkurake lie gehU~ke bIjako hI grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, yavAdike bIjako nahIM / ataH jJAta hotA hai ki upAdAnameM kAryakA sadbhAva hai| jagatmeM saba kAraNoMse saba kArya paidA nahIM hote, kintu pratiniyata kAraNoMse pratiniyata kArya hote haiN| isakA sIdhA artha hai ki jina kAraNoMmeM jina kAryoMkA sadbhAva hai, ve hI unase paidA hote haiM, anya nhiiN| isI taraha samartha bhI kAraNa zakya hI kAryako paidA karatA hai, azakyako nhiiN| yaha zakyatA kAraNameM kAryake sadbhAvake sivAya aura kyA ho 1. "asadakaraNAdupAdAnagrahaNAt sarvasambhavAbhAvAt / kAraNakAryavibhAgAdavibhAgAt vaizvarUpyasya // " ---saaNkhykaa09|

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Sadravya vivecana 147 sakatI hai ? aura yadi kAraNameM kAryakA tAdAtmya svIkAra na kiyA jAya to saMsArameM koI kisIkA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| kAryakAraNabhAva svayaM hI kAraNameM kisI rUpase kAryakA sadbhAva siddha kara detA hai| sabhI kArya pralayakAlameM kisI eka kAraNameM lIna ho jAte haiM / ve jisameM lIna hote haiM, usameM unakA sadbhAva kisI rUpase rahA AtA hai| ye kAraNoMmeM kAryako sattA zaktirUpase mAnate haiM, abhivyaktirUpase nhiiN| inakA kAraNatattva eka pradhAna-prakRti hai, usIse saMsArake samasta kAryabheda utpanna ho jAte haiN| naiyAyikakA asatkAryavAda : naiyAyikAdi asatkAryavAdI haiN| inakA yaha matalaba hai ki jo skandha paramANuoMke saMyogase utpanna hotA hai vaha eka nayA hI avayavI dravya hai| una paramANuoMke saMyogake bikhara jAne para vaha naSTa ho jAtA hai| utpattike pahale usa avayavI dravyakI koI sattA nahIM thii| yadi kAryakI sattA kAraNameM svIkRta ho to kAryako apane AkAra-prakArameM usI samaya milanA cAhie thA, para aisA dekhA nahIM jaataa| avayava dravya aura avayavI dravya yadyapi bhinna dravya haiM, kintu unakA kSetra pRthaka nahIM hai, ve ayutasiddha hai| kahIM bhI avayavIkI upalabdhi yadi hotI hai, to vaha kevala avayavoMmeM hI / avayavoMse bhinna arthAt avayavoMse pRthak avayavIko judA nikAlakara nahIM dikhAyA jA sktaa| bauddhoMkA asatkAryavAda bauddha pratikSaNa nayA utpAda mAnate haiN| unakI dRSTime pUrva aura uttarake sAtha vartamAnakA koI sambandha nhiiN| jisa kAlameM jahA~ jo hai, vaha vahIM aura usI kAlameM naSTa ho jAtA hai| sadRzatA hI kArya-kAraNabhAva Adi vyavahAroMkI niyAmikA hai| vastutaH do kSaNoMkA paraspara koI vAstavika sambandha nahIM hai / jainadarzanakA sadasatkAryavAda : jainadarzana 'sadasatkAryavAdI' hai / usakA siddhAnta hai ki pratyeka padArthameM mUlabhUta dravyayogyatAe~ honepara bhI kucha tatparyAyayogyatAe~ bhI hotI haiM / ye paryAyayogyatAe~ mUla dravyayogyatAoMse bAharakI nahIM haiM, kintu unhIM se vizeSa avasthAoMmeM sAkSAt vikAsako prApta honevAlI haiN| jaise miTTIrUpa pudgalake paramANuoMmeM pudgalakI ghaTa-paTa AdirUpase pariNamana karanekI sabhI dravyayogyatAe~ haiM, para miTTIkI tatparyAyayogyatA ghaTako hI sAkSAt utpanna kara sakatI hai, paTa Adiko nahIM / tAtparya yaha hai ki kArya apane kAraNadravyameM dravyayogyatAke sAtha hI tatparyAya

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148 jainadarzana yogyatA yA zaktike rUpameM rahatA hI hai| yAnI usakA astitva yogyatA arthAt dravyarUpase hI hai, paryAyarUpase nahIM hai| sAMkhyake yahA~ kAraNadravya to kevala eka 'pradhAna' ho hai, jisameM jagatke samasta kAryoMke utpAdanakI zakti hai| aisI dazAmeM jabaki usameM zaktirUpase saba kArya maujUda haiM, taba amuka samayameM amuka hI kArya utpanna ho yaha vyavasthA nahIM bana sktii| kAraNake eka honepara parasparavirodhI aneka kAryoMkI yugapat utpatti sambhava hI nahIM hai| ataH sAMkhyake yaha kahanekA koI vizeSa artha nahIM rahatA ki 'kAraNameM kArya zaktirUpase hai, vyaktirUpase nahIM', kyoMki zaktirUpase to saba saba jagaha maujUda hai| pradhAna' cUMki vyApaka aura niraMza hai, ataH usase eka sAtha vibhinna dezoMmeM paraspara virodhI aneka kAryoMkA AvirbhAva honA pratItiviruddha hai| sIdhA prazna to yaha hai ki jaba sarvazaktimAn 'pradhAna' nAmakA kAraNa sarvatra maujUda hai, to miTTIke piNDase ghaTakI taraha kapar3A aura pustaka kyoM nahIM utpanna hote ? __ jaina darzanakA uttara to spaSTa hai ki miTTIke paramANuoMmeM yadyapi pustaka aura paTarUpase pariNamana karanekI mUla dravyayogyatA hai, kintu miTTIkI piNDarUpa paryAyameM sAkSAt kapar3A aura pustaka bananekI tatparyAyayogyatA nahIM hai, isalie miTTIkA piNDa pustaka yA kapar3A nahIM bana paataa| phira kAraNa dravya bhI eka nahIM, aneka haiM; ataH sAmagrIke anusAra paraspara viruddha aneka kAryoMkA yugapat utpAda bana jAtA hai| mahattA tatparyAyayogyatAkI hai| jisa kSaNameM kAraNadravyoMmeM jitanI tatparyAyayogyatAe~ hoMgI unameMse kisI ekakA vikAsa prApta kAraNasAmagrIke anusAra ho jAtA hai / puruSakA prayatna use iSTa AkAra aura prakArameM pariNata karAneke lie vizeSa sAdhaka hotA hai| upAdAnavyavasthA isI tatparyAyayogyatAke AdhArapara hotI hai, mAtra dravyayogyatAke AdhArase nahIM; kyoMki dravyayogyatA to gehU~ aura kodoM donoM bIjoMke paramANuoMmeM sabhI aMkuroMko paidA karanekI samAnarUpase hai parantu tatparyAyayogyatA kodoMke bIjameM kodoMke aMkurako hI utpanna karanekI hai| tathA gehU~ke bIjameM gehU~ke aMkurako hI utpanna karane kI hai| isIlie bhinna-bhinna kAryoMkI utpattike lie bhinna-bhinna upAdAnoMkA grahaNa hotA hai| dharmakItike AkSepakA samAdhAna : ___ ataH bauddhakA' yaha dUSaNa ki "dahIko khAo, yaha kahane para vyakti U~Tako kyoM nahIM khAne daur3atA ? jaba ki dahI aura U~Take pudgaloMmeM pudgaladravyarUpase koI 1. sarvasyobhayarUpatve tadvizeSanirAkRteH / codito dadhi khAdeti kimuSTuM nAbhidhAvati // " -pramANavA0 3 / 181 /

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149 ghaTdavya vivecanaM bheda nahIM hai|" ucita mAlUma nahIM hotA; kyoMki jagatkA vyavahAra mAtra dravyayogyatAse hI nahIM calatA, kintu tatparyAyayogyatAse calatA hai| U~Take zarIrake pudgala aura dahIke pudgala, dravyarUpase samAna honepara bhI 'eka' nahIM haiM aura cUMki ve sthUla paryAyarUpase bhI apanA paraspara bheda rakhate haiM tathA unakI tatparyAyayogyatAe~ bhI judI-judI haiM, ataH dahI hI khAyA jAtA hai, U~TakA zarIra nhiiN| sAMkhyake matase yaha samAdhAna nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jaba eka hI pradhAna dahI aura U~Ta donoM rUpase vikasita huA hai, taba unameM bhedakA niyAmaka kyA hai ? eka tattvameM eka hI samaya vibhinna dezoMmeM vibhinna prakArake pariNamana nahIM ho skte| isI taraha yadi ghaTa avayavI aura usake utpAdaka miTTIke paramANu paraspara sarvathA vibhinna haiM; to kyA niyAmaka hai jo ghar3A vahIM utpanna ho anyatra nahIM ? pratiniyata kArya-kAraNakI vyavasthAke lie kAraNameM yogyatA yA zaktirUpase kAryakA sadbhAva mAnanA Avazyaka hai| yAnI kAraNameM kAryotpAdanakI yogyatA yA zakti rahanI hI cAhie / yogyatA, zakti aura sAmarthya Adi ekajAtIya mUladravyoMmeM samAna honepara bhI vibhinna avasthAoMmeM unakI sImA niyata ho jAtI hai aura isI niyatatAke kAraNa jagatmeM aneka prakArake kAryakAraNabhAva banate haiM / yaha to huI aneka pudgaladravyoMke saMyukta skandhakI bAta / ___ eka dravyakI apanI kramika avasthAoMmeM amuka uttara paryAyakA utpanna honA kevala dravyayogyatApara hI nirbhara nahIM karatA, kintu kAraNabhUta paryAyakI tatparyAyayogyatApara bhii| pratyeka dravyake pratisamaya svabhAvataH utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya rUpase pariNAmI honeke kAraNa sArI vyavasthAe~ sadasatkAryavAdake AdhArase jama jAtI haiN| vivakSita kArya apane kAraNameM kAryAkArase asat hokara bhI yogyatA yA zaktike rUpameM sat hai| yadi kAraNadravyameM vaha zakti na hotI to usase vaha kArya utpanna hI nahIM ho sakatA thaa| eka avicchinna pravAhameM calanevAlI dhArAbaddha paryAyoMkA paraspara aisA koI viziSTa sambandha to honA hI cAhie, jisake kAraNa apanI pUrva paryAya hI apanI uttara paryAyameM upAdAna kAraNa ho sake, dUsareko uttara paryAyameM nhiiN| yaha anubhavasiddha vyavasthA na to sAMkhyake satkAryavAdameM sambhava hai, aura na bauddha tathA naiyAyika Adike asatkAryavAdameM hii| sAMkhyake pakSameM kAraNake eka honese itanI abhinnatA hai ki kAryabhedako siddha karanA asambhava hai, aura bauddhoMke yahA~ itanI bhinnatA hai ki amuka kSaNake sAtha amuka kSaNakA upAdAnaupAdeyabhAva bananA kaThina hai| isI taraha naiyAyikoMke avayavI dravyakA amuka avayavoMke hI sAtha samavAya

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150 jainadarzana sambandha siddha karanA isalie kaThina hai ki unameM paraspara atyanta bheda mAnA gayA hai| ___isa taraha jaina darzanameM ye jIvAdi chaha dravya pramANake prameya mAne gaye haiM / ye sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka aura guNaparyAyAtmaka haiN| guNa aura paryAya dravyase kathaJcittAdAmya sambandha rakhaneke kAraNa sat to haiM, para ve dravyakI taraha maulika nahIM hai, kintu dravyAMza haiM / ye hI anekAntAtmaka padArtha prameya haiM aura inhIMke eka-eka dharmoM meM nayoMkI pravRtti hotI hai| jainadarzanakI dRSTimeM dravya hI ekamAtra maulika padArtha hai, zeSa guNa, karma, sAmAnya, samavAya Adi usI dravyakI paryAyeM haiM, svataMtra padArtha nahIM haiN|

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7. tattva-nirUpaNa tattvavyavasthAkA prayojana : padArthavyavasthAkI dRSTise yaha vizva Sadravyamaya hai, parantu mumukSuko jinake tattvajJAnako AvazyakatA muktike lie hai, ve tattva sAta hai / jisa prakAra rogIko roga-muktike lie roga, rogake kAraNa, rogamukti aura rogamuktikA upAya ina cAra bAtoMkA jAnanA cikitsAzAstrameM Avazyaka batAyA hai, usI taraha mokSakI prAptike lie saMsAra, saMsArake kAraNa, mokSa aura mokSake upAya isa mUlabhUta caturvyahakA jAnanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| vizvavyavasthA aura tattvanirUpaNake judejude prayojana haiN| vizvavyavasthAkA jJAna na honepara bhI tattvajJAnase mokSakI sAdhanA kI jA sakatI hai, para tattvajJAna na honepara vizvavyavasthAkA samagra jJAna bhI nirarthaka aura anarthaka ho sakatA hai| rogIke lie sarvaprathama yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha apaneko rogI smjhe| jaba taka use apane rogakA bhAna nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha cikitsAke lie pravRtta hI nahIM ho sktaa| rogake jJAnake bAda rogIko yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki usakA roga naSTa ho sakatA hai| rogakI sAdhyatAkA jJAna hI use cikitsAmeM pravRtti karAtA hai| rogIko yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki yaha roga amuka kAraNoMse utpanna huA hai, jisase vaha bhaviSyameM una apathya AhAra-vihAroMse bacA rahakara apaneko nIroga rakha ske| rogako naSTa karaneke upAyabhUta auSadhopacArakA jJAna to Avazyaka hai hI; tabhI to maujUdA rogakA auSadhopacArase samUla nAza karake vaha sthira Arogyako pA sakatA hai| isI taraha 'AtmA ba~dhA hai, ina kAraNoMse ba~dhA hai, vaha bandhana TUTa sakatA hai aura ina upAyoMse TUTa sakatA hai|' ina mUla-bhUta cAra muddoMmeM tattvajJAnakI parisamApti bhAratIya darzanoMne kI hai| bauddhoMke cAra Aryasatya : ___ ma0 buddhane bhI nirvANake lie cikitsAzAstrakI taraha duHkha, samudaya, nirodha aura mArga ina cAra AryasatyoMkA' upadeza diyA hai| ve kabhI bhI 'AtmA kyA hai, paraloka kyA hai' Adike dArzanika vivAdoMmeM na to svayaM gaye aura na ziSyoMko hI jAne diyaa| isa sambandhakA bahuta upayukta udAharaNa milinda praznameM diyA gayA 1. "satyAnyuktAni catvAri duHkhaM samudayastathA / nirodho mArga eteSAM yathAbhisamayaM kramaH // " abhidha0 ko0 6 / 2 /

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152 jainadarzana hai ki 'jaise kisI vyaktiko viSase bujhA huA tIra lagA ho aura jaba bandhujana usa tIrako nikAlaneke lie viSavaidyako bulAte haiM, to usa samaya usakI yaha mImAMsA karanA jisa prakAra nirarthaka hai ki 'yaha tIra kisa lohese banA hai ? kisane ise banAyA ? kaba banAyA ? yaha kabataka sthira rahegA? yaha viSavaidya kisa gotrakA hai ?' usI taraha AtmAkI nityatA aura paraloka AdikA vicAra nirarthaka hai, vaha na to bodhike lie aura na nirvANake lie hI upayogI hai| ___ina AryasatyoMkA varNana isa prakAra hai / duHkha-satya-janma bhI duHkha hai, jarA bhI duHkha hai, maraNa bhI duHkha hai, zoka, parivedana, vikalatA, iSTaviyoga, aniSTasaMyoga, iSTAprApti Adi sabhI duHkha haiN| saMkSepameM pA~coM upAdAna skandha hI duHkharUpa haiM / samudaya-satya-kAmakI tRSNA, bhavakI tRSNA aura vibhavakI taSNA duHkhako utpanna karaneke kAraNa samudaya kahI jAtI hai| jitane indriyoMke priya viSaya haiM, iSTa rUpAdi haiM, inakA viyoga na ho, ve sadA bane raheM, isa taraha unase saMyogake lie cittako abhinandinI vRttiko tRSNA kahate haiM / yahI tRSNA samasta duHkhoMkA kAraNa hai / nirodha-satya-tRSNAke atyanta nirodha yA vinAzako nirodhaAryasatya kahate haiN| duHkha-nirodhakA mArga hai-ASTAMgika mArga / samyagadRSTi, samyaksaMkalpa, samyakavacana, samyakkarma, samyak AjIvana, samyak prayatna, samyaka smRti aura samyak samAdhi / nairAtmya-bhAvanA hI mukhyarUpase mArga haiM / buddhane AtmadRSTi yA sattvadRSTiko hI mithyAdarzana kahA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki eka AtmAko zAzvata yA sthAyI samajhakara hI vyakti snehavaza usake sukhameM tRSNA karatA hai| tRSNAke kAraNa use doSa nahIM dikhAI dete aura guNadarzana kara punaH tRSNAvaza sukhasAdhanoMmeM mamatva karatA hai, unheM grahaNa karatA hai| tAtparya yaha ki jaba taka 'AtmAbhiniveza' hai taba taka vaha saMsArameM rulatA hai| isa eka AtmAke mAnanese vaha apaneko sva aura anyako para samajhatA hai| sva-paravibhAgase rAga aura 1. "yaH pazyatyAmAnaM tatrAsyAhamiti zAzvataH snehaH / snehAt sukheSu tRSyati tRSNA doSAMstiraskurute // guNadazI paritRSyan mameti tatsAdhanAnyupAdatte / tenAtmAbhinivezo yAvat tAvatsa saMsAre // Atmani sati parasaMzA svaparavibhAgAt parigrahadveSo / anayoH sampratibaddhAH sarve doSAH prajAyante // " -a0 vA0 12216-21 /

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tattva-nirUpaNa 1533 dveSa hote haiM, aura ye rAga-dveSa hI samasta saMsAra paramparAke mUla srota haiN| ataH isa sarvAnarthamUla' AtmadRSTikA nAza kara nairAtmya-bhAvanAse duHkha-nirodha hotA hai / buddhakA dRSTikoNa: upaniSadkA tattvajJAna jahA~ Atmadarzanapara jora detA hai aura Atmadarzanako hI mokSakA parama sAdhana mAnatA hai aura mumukSake lie AtmajJAnako hI jIvanakA sarvocca sAdhya samajhatA hai, vahA~ buddhane isa Atmadarzanako hI saMsArakA mUla kAraNa mAnA hai / Atma dRSTi, sattvadRSTi, satkAyadRSTi, ye saba mithyA dRSTiyA~ hai / aupaniSada tattvajJAnakI oTameM, yAjJika kriyAkANDako jo prazraya mila rahA thA usIkI yaha pratikriyA thI ki buddhako 'AtmA' zabdase hI ghRNA ho gaI thii| AtmAko sthira mAnakara use svargaprApti Adike pralobhanase aneka krUra yajJoMmeM honevAlI hiMsAke lie ukasAyA jAtA thaa| isa zAzvata AtmavAdase hI rAga aura dveSakI amaraveleM phailatI haiN| majA to yaha hai ki buddha aura upaniSatvAdI donoM hI rAga, dveSa aura mohakA abhAva kara vItarAgatA aura vAsanAnirmuktiko apanA carama lakSya mAnate the, para sAdhana donoMke itane jude the ki eka jisa Atmadarzanako mokSakA kAraNa mAnatA thA, dUsarA use saMsArakA mUlabIja / isakA eka kAraNa aura bhI thA ki buddhakA mAnasa dArzanikakI apekSA santa hI adhika thaa| ve aise golagola zabdoMko bilakula haTA denA cAhate the, jinakA nirNaya na ho sake yA jinakI oTameM mithyA dhAraNAoM aura andhavizvAsoMkI sRSTi hotI ho / 'AtmA' zabda unheM aisA hI lgaa| buddhako nairAtmya-bhAvanAkA uddezya 'bodhicaryyAvatAra' (pR0 449 ) meM isa prakAra batAyA hai "yatastato vA'stu bhayaM yadyahaM nAma kiMcana / ahameva na kiJciccet kasya bhItirbhaviSyati // " arthAt-yadi 'maiM' nAmakA koI padArtha hotA to use isase yA usase bhaya ho sakatA thA, parantu jaba 'maiM' hI nahIM hai, taba bhaya kise hogA ? / - buddha jisa prakAra isa 'zazvata AtmavAda' rUpI eka antako khatarA mAnate the, usI taraha ve bhautikavAdako bhI dUsarA anta samajhakara use khatarA hI mAnate the| unhoMne na to bhautikavAdiyoMke ucchedavAdako hI mAnA aura na upaniSadvAdiyoMke 1. "tasmAdanAdisantAnatulyajAtIyabIjikAm / utkhAtamUlAM kuruta sattvadRSTiM mumukSavaH // " -pramANavA0 11258 /

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154 jainadarzana zAzvatavAdako hii| isIlie unakA mata 'azAzvatAnucchedavAda' ke rUpameM vyavahRta hotA hai| unhoMne AtmAsambandhI praznoMko avyAkRta koTimeM DAla diyA thA aura bhikSuoMko spaSTa rUpase kaha diyA thA ki 'AtmAke sambandhameM kucha bhI kahanA yA sunanA na bodhike lie, na brahmacaryake lie aura na nirvANake lie hI upayogI hai|' isa taraha buddhane usa AtmAke hI sambandhameM koI bhI nizcita bAta nahIM kahI, jise duHkha hotA hai aura jo duHkha-nivRttikI sAdhanA karanA cAhatA hai / 1. Atmatattva : jainoMke sAta tattvoMkA mUla AtmA : ' niggaMTha nAthaputta mahAzramaNa mahAvIra bhI vaidika kriyAkANDako nirarthaka aura zreyaHpratirodhI mAnate the, jitanA ki buddha / ve AcAra arthAt cAritrako hI mokSakA antima sAdhana mAnate the| parantu unane yaha sAkSAtkAra kiyA ki jaba taka vizvavyavasthA aura khAsakara usa AtmAke viSayameM ziSya nizcita vicAra nahIM banA lete, jisa AtmAko duHkha hotA hai aura jise nirvANa pAnA hai, taba taka ve mAnasasaMzayase mukta hokara sAdhanA kara hI nahIM skte| jaba magadha aura videhake konemeM ye prazna gUMja rahe hoM ki-'AtmA deharUpa hai yA dehase bhinna ? paraloka kyA hai ? nirvANa kyA hai ?' aura anya tIthika ina sabake sambandhameM apane matoMkA pracAra kara rahe hoM, aura inhIM praznoMpara vAda rope jAte hoM, taba ziSyoMko yaha kahakara tatkAla bhale hI cupa kara diyA jAya ki "kyA rakhA hai isa vivAdameM ki AtmA kyA hai aura kaisI hai ? hameM to duHkhanivRttike lie prayatna karanA caahiye|" parantu isase unake manakI zalya aura buddhikI vicikitsA nahIM nikala sakatI thI, aura ve isa bauddhika hInatA aura vicAra-dInatAke hInatara bhAvoMse apane cittakI rakSA nahIM kara sakate the| saMghameM to vibhinna matavAdiyoMke ziSya, vizeSakara vaidika brAhmaNa vidvAn bhI dIkSita hote the| jaba taka ina saba pa~camela vyaktiyoMke, jo AtmAke viSayameM vibhinna mata rakhate the aura usakI carcA bhI karate the; saMzayakA vastusthitimUlaka samAdhAna na ho jAtA, taba taka ve paraspara samatA aura mAnasa ahiMsAkA vAtAvaraNa nahIM banA sakate the| koI bhI dharma apane susthira aura sudRr3ha darzanake binA parIkSaka-ziSyoMko apanA anuyAyI nahIM banA sktaa| zraddhAmUlaka bhAvanA tatkAla kitanA hI samarpaNa kyoM na karA le para usakA sthAyitva vicArazuddhike binA kathamapi saMbhava nahIM hai| ___ yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrane usa mUlabhUta Atmatattvake svarUpake viSayameM mauna nahIM rakhA aura apane ziSyoMko yaha batAyA ki dharma vastuke yathArtha

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tattva-nirUpaNa svarUpakI prApti hI hai| jisa vastukA jo svarUpa hai, usakA usa pUrNa svarUpameM sthira honA hI dharma hai / agni jaba taka apanI uSNatAko kAyama rakhatI hai, tabataka vaha dharmasthita hai| yadi dIpazikhA vAyuke jhoMkoMse spandita ho rahI hai aura caMcala honeke kAraNa apane nizcala svarUpase cyuta ho rahI hai, to kahanA hogA ki vaha utane aMzameM dharmasthita nahIM hai| jala jaba taka svAbhAvika zItala hai, tabhI taka dharma-sthita hai| yadi vaha agnike saMsargase svarUpacyuta hokara garma ho jAtA hai, to vaha dharma-sthita nahIM hai| isa parasaMyogajanya vikAra-pariNatiko haTA denA hI jalakI dharma-prApti hai| usI taraha AtmAkA vItarAgatva, anantacaitanya, anantasukha Adi svarUpa parasaMyogase rAga, dveSa, tRSNA, duHkha Adi vikArarUpase pariNata hokara adharma bana rahA hai| jabataka AtmAke yathArtha svarUpakA nizcaya aura varNana na kiyA jAya taba taka yaha vikArI AtmA kaise apane svatantra svarUpako pAneke lie ucchrAsa bhI le sakatA hai ? rogIko jaba taka apane mUlabhUta Arogya svarUpakA jJAna na ho taba taka use yahI nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA ki merI yaha asvastha avasthA roga hai| vaha usa rogako vikAra to tabhI mAnegA jaba use apanI Arogya avasthAkA yathArtha darzana ho, aura jaba taka vaha rogako vikAra nahIM mAnatA taba taka vaha roga-nivRttike lie cikitsAmeM kyoM pravRtti karegA ? jaba use yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki merA svarUpa to Arogya hai, apathyasevana Adi kAraNoMse merA mUla svarUpa vikRta ho gayA hai, tabhI vaha usa svarUpabhUta ArogyakI prAptike lie cikitsA karAtA hai| roganivRtti svayaM sAdhya nahIM hai, sAdhya hai svarUpabhUta ArogyakI prApti / usI taraha jaba taka usa mUla-bhUta AtmAke svarUpakA yathArtha parijJAna nahIM hogA aura parasaMyogase honevAle vikAroMko Agantuka honese vinAzI na mAnA jAyagA, taba taka duHkhanivRttike lie prayatna hI nahIM bana sktaa| ___ yaha ThIka hai ki jise bANa lagA hai, use tatkAla prAthamika sahAyatA ( First aid ) ke rUpameM Avazyaka hai ki vaha pahale tIrako nikalavA le; kintu itane meM hI usake karttavyakI samApti nahIM ho jaatii| vaidyako yaha avazya dekhanA hogA ki vaha tIra kisa viSase bujhA huA hai aura kisa vastukA banA huA hai| yaha isalie ki zarIrameM usane kitanA vikAra paidA kiyA hogA aura usa ghAvako bharaneke lie kauna-sI malahama Avazyaka hogii| phira yaha jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hai ki vaha tIra acAnaka laga gayA yA kisIne duzmanIse mArA hai aura aise kauna upAya ho sakate haiM, jinase Age tIra laganekA avasara na Ave / yahI kAraNa hai

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156 jainadarzana ki tIrakI bhI parIkSA kI jAtI hai, tIra mAranevAlekI bhI talAza kI jAtI hai aura ghAvakI gaharAI Adi bhI dekhI jAtI hai| isIliye yaha jAnanA aura samajhanA mumukSuke lie nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki Akhira mokSa hai kyA vastu ? jisakI prAptike lie maiM prApta sukhakA parityAga karake svecchAse sAdhanAke kaSTa jhelane ke lie taiyAra hoU~ ? apane svAtantrya svarUpakA bhAna kiye binA aura usake sukhada rUpakI jhA~kI pAye binA kevala paratantratA tor3aneke lie vaha utsAha aura sannaddhatA nahIM A sakatI, jisake balapara mumukSu tapasyA aura sAdhanAke ghora kaSToMko svecchAse jhelatA hai| ataH usa AdhArabhUta AtmAke mUla svarUpakA jJAna mumukSuko sarvaprathama honA hI cAhie, jo ki ba~dhA hai aura jise chUTanA hai / isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIrane baMdha ( duHkha ), Asrava ( duHkhake kAraNa ), mokSa (nirodha ), saMvara aura nirjarA ( nirodha-mArga ) ina pA~ca tattvoMke sAtha hI sAtha usa jIva tattvakA jJAna karanA bhI Avazyaka batAyA, jisa jIvako yaha saMsAra hotA hai aura jo bandhana kATakara mokSa pAnA cAhatA hai| ___ baMdha do vastuoMkA hotA hai| ataH jisa ajIvake samparkase isakI vibhAvapariNati ho rahI hai aura jisameM rAga-dveSa karaneke kAraNa usakI dhArA cala rahI hai aura jina karmapudgaloMse baddha honeke kAraNa yaha jIva svasvarUpase cyuta hai usa ajIvatattvakA jJAna bhI Avazyaka hai| tAtparya yaha ki jIva. ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye sAta tattva mumukSuke lie sarvaprathama jJAtavya haiN| tattvoMke do rUpa: Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye tattva do do prakArake hote haiM / eka dravyarUpa aura dUsare bhaavruup| jina mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yogarUpa AtmapariNAmoMse karmapudgaloMkA AnA hotA hai, ve bhAva bhAvAsrava kahe jAte haiM aura pudgaloMmeM karmatvakA A jAnA dravyAsrava hai; arthAt bhAvAsrava jIvagata paryAya hai aura dravyAsrava pudgalagata / jina kaSAyoMse karma ba~dhate haiM ve jIvagata kaSAyAdi bhAva bhAvabaMdha haiM aura pudgalakarmakA AtmAse sambandha ho jAnA dravyabandha hai / bhAvabandha jIvarUpa hai aura dravyabandha pudgalarUpa / jina kSamA Adi dharma, samiti, gupti aura cAritroMse naye karmoMkA AnA rukatA hai ve bhAva bhAvasaMvara haiM aura karmoMkA ruka jAnA dravyasaMvara hai| isI taraha pUrvasaMcita karmoMkA nirjaraNa jina tapa Adi bhAvoMse hotA hai ve bhAva bhAvanirjarA haiM aura karmokA jhar3anA dravyanirjarA

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tattva-nirUpaNa 157 hai| jina dhyAna Adi sAdhanoMse mukti prApta hotI hai ve bhAva bhAvamokSa haiM aura karmapudgaloMkA AtmAse sambandha TUTa jAnA dravyamokSa hai| tAtparya yaha ki Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ye pA~ca tattva bhAvarUpameM jIvakI paryAya haiM aura dravyarUpameM pudglkii| jisa bhedavijJAnaseAtmA aura parake vivekajJAnase-kaivalyakI prApti hotI hai usa AtmA aura parameM ye sAtoM tattva samA jAte haiM / vastutaH jisa parakI paratantratAko haTAnA hai aura jisa svako svatantra honA hai una sva aura parake jJAnameM hI tattvajJAnakI pUrNatA ho jAtI hai| isIlie saMkSepameM muktikA mUla sAdhana 'svapara-vivekajJAna' ko batAyA gayA hai| tattvoMko anAditAH bhAratIya darzanoMmeM sabane koI-na-koI padArtha anAdi mAne hI haiM / nAstika cArvAka bhI pRthvI Adi mahAbhUtoMko anAdi mAnatA hai / aise kisI kSaNakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, jisake pahale koI anya kSaNa na rahA ho / samaya kabase prArambha huA aura kaba taka rahegA, yaha batalAnA sambhava nahIM haiN| jisa prakAra kAla anAdi aura ananta hai aura usakI pUrvAvadhi nizcita nahIM kI jA sakatI, usI taraha AkAzakI bhI koI kSetragata maryAdA nahIM batAI jA sakatI-"sarvato hi anantaM tat" Adi anta sabhI orase AkAza ananta hai / AkAza aura kAlakI taraha hama pratyeka satke viSayameM yaha kaha sakate haiM ki usakA na kisI khAsa kSaNameM nUtana utpAda huA hai aura na kisI samaya usakA samUla vinAza hI hogaa| "bhAvassa Natthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppaado|" -paMcAstikAya gA0 15 / "nA'sato vidyate bhAvo nAbhAvo vidyate sataH / " -bhagavadgItA 2 / 16 / arthAt-kisI asatkA sat rUpase utpAda nahIM hotA aura na kisI satkA atyanta vinAza hI hotA hai| jitane gine hue sat haiM, unakI saMkhyAmeM na ekakI vRddhi ho sakatI hai aura na ekakI hAni / hA~, rUpAntara pratyekakA hotA rahatA hai, yaha eka sarvamAnya siddhAnta hai| isa siddhAntake anusAra AtmA eka svatantra sat hai aura pudgalaparamANu bhI svatantra sat / anAdikAlase yaha AtmA pudgalase usI taraha sambaddha milatA hai jaise ki khAnise nikAlA gayA sonA mailase saMyukta milatA hai|

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158 jainadarzana AtmAko anAdibaddha mAnanekA kAraNa : Aja AtmA sthUla zarIra aura sUkSma karmazarIrase baddha milatA hai| isakA jJAna saMvedana, sukha, duHkha aura yahA~ taka ki jIvana-zakti bhI zarIrAdhIna hai / zarIrameM vikAra honese jJAnataMtuoMmeM kSINatA A jAtI hai aura smRtibhraMza tathA pAgalapana Adi dekhe jAte haiN| saMsArI AtmA zarIrabaddha hokara hI apanI gatividhi karatA hai| yadi AtmA zuddha hotA to zarIrasambandhakA koI kAraNa nahIM thaa| zarIrasambandha yA punarjanmake kAraNa haiM-rAga, dveSa, moha aura kaSAyAdibhAva / zuddha AtmAmeM ye vibhAva pariNAma ho hI nahIM skte| cUMki Aja ye vibhAva aura unakA phala-zarIrasambandha pratyakSase anubhavameM A rahA hai, ataH mAnanA hogA ki Aja taka inakI azuddha paramparA hI calI AI hai| bhAratIya darzanoMmeM yahI eka aisA prazna hai, jisakA uttara vidhimukhase nahIM diyA jA sktaa| bahma meM avidyA kaba utpanna huI ? prakRti aura puruSakA saMyoga kaba huA ? AtmAse zarIrasambandha kaba huA? ina saba praznoMkA eka mAtra uttara hai-'anAdi' se / kisI bhI darzanane aise samayakI kalpanA nahIM kI hai jisa samaya samagra bhAvase ye samasta saMyoga naSTa hoMge aura saMsAra samApta ho jaaygaa| vyaktizaH amuka AtmAoMse pudgalasaMsarga yA prakRtisaMsargakA vaha rUpa samApta ho jAtA hai, jisake kAraNa use saMsaraNa karanA par3atA hai| isa praznakA dUsarA uttara isa prakAra diyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi ye zuddha hote to inakA saMyoga hI nahIM ho sakatA thaa| zuddha honeke bAda koI aisA hetu nahIM raha jAtA jo prakRtisaMsarga, pudgalasambandha yA avidyotpatti hone de| isIke anusAra yadi AtmA zuddha hotA to koI kAraNa usake azuddha honekA yA zarIrasambandhakA nahIM thaa| jaba ye do svatantrasattAka dravya haiM taba unakA saMyoga cAhe vaha jitanA hI purAnA kyoM na ho; naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura donoMko pRthak-pRthaka kiyA jA sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha-khadAnase sarvaprathama nikAle gaye sone meM kITa Adi maila kitanA hI purAnA yA asaMkhya kAlase lagA huA kyoM na ho, zodhaka prayogoMse avazya pRthak kiyA jA sakatA hai aura suvarNa apane zuddha rUpameM lAyA jA sakatA hai| taba yaha nizcaya ho jAtA hai ki sonekA zuddha rUpa yaha hai tathA maila yaha hai| sArAMza yaha ki jIva aura pudgalakA baMdha anAdise hai aura vaha bandha jIvake apane rAga-dveSa Adi bhAvoMke kAraNa uttarottara bar3hatA jAtA hai| jaba ye rAgAdibhAva kSINa hote haiM, taba vaha baMdha AtmAmeM naye vibhAva utpanna nahIM kara sakatA aura dhIre-dhIre yA eka jhaTakemeM hI samApta ho sakatA hai| cUMki yaha bandha do svatantra dravyoMkA hai, ata: TUTa sakatA hai yA usa

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tattva-nirUpaNa avasthAmeM tA avazya pahu~ca sakatA hai jaba sAdhAraNa saMyoga banA rahanepara bhI AtmA usase nissaMga aura nirlepa bana jAtA hai / Aja isa azuddha AtmAkI dazA ardhabhautika jaisI ho rahI hai| indriyA~ yadi na hoM to sunane aura dekhane AdikI zakti rahanepara bhI vaha zakti jaisI-kI-taisI raha jAtI hai aura dekhanA aura sunanA nahIM hotaa| vicArazakti honepara bhI yadi mastiSka ThIka nahIM hai to vicAra aura cintana nahIM kiye jA skte| yadi pakSAghAta ho jAya to zarIra dekhane meM vaisA hI mAlUma hotA hai para saba zUnya ho jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha ki azuddha AtmAkI dazA aura isakA sArA vikAsa bahuta kucha pudgalake adhIna ho rahA hai| aura to jAne dIjie, jIbhake amuka-amuka hissoMmeM amuka-amuka rasoMke cakhanekI nimittatA dekhI jAtI hai / yadi jIbhake Adhe hisse meM lakavA mAra jAya to zeSa hissese kucha rasoMkA jJAna ho pAtA hai, kuchakA nhiiN| isa jIvanake jJAna, darzana, sukha, rAga, dveSa, kalAvijJAna Adi sabhI bhAva bahuta kucha isI jIvanaparyAyake adhIna haiM / eka manuSya jIvana bhara apane jJAnakA upayoga vijJAna yA dharmake adhyayanameM lagAtA hai, javAnImeM usake mastiSkameM bhautika upAdAna acche aura pracura mAtrAmeM the, to usake tantu caitanyako jagAye rakhate the| bur3hApA Anepara jaba usakA mastiSka zithila par3a jAtA hai to vicArazakti lupta hone lagatI hai aura smaraNa manda par3a jAtA hai| vahI vyakti apanI javAnImeM likhe gae lekhako yadi bur3hApemeM par3atA hai to use svayaM Azcarya hotA hai| kabhI-kabhI to use yaha vizvAsa hI nahIM hotA ki yaha usIne likhA hogaa| mastiSkakI yadi koI granthi bigar3a jAtI hai to manuSya pAgala ho jAtA hai| dimAgakA yadi koI purajA kasa gayA, DhIlA ho gayA to unmAda, sandeha, vikSepa aura udvega Adi aneka prakArakI dhArAe~ jIvanako hI badala detI haiN| mastiSkake vibhinna bhAgoMmeM vibhinna prakArake cetanabhAvoMko jAgRta karaneke vizeSa upAdAna rahate haiN| ___ mujhe eka aise yogIkA anubhava hai jise zarIrake nazoMkA viziSTa jJAna thaa| vaha mastiSkakI kisI khAsa nasako dabAtA thA to manuSyako hiMsA aura krodhake bhAva utpanna ho jAte the| dUsare hI kSaNa kisI anya nasake dabAte hI dayA aura karuNAke bhAva jAgRta hote the aura vaha vyakti rone lagatA thA, tIsarI nasake dabAte hI lobhakA tIvra udaya hotA thA aura yaha icchA hotI thI ki corI kara leN| ina saba ghaTanAoMse hama eka isa nizcita pariNAmapara to pahu~ca hI sakate haiM ki humArI sArI paryAyazaktiyA~, jinameM jJAna, darzana, sukha, dhairya, rAga, dveSa aura kaSAya

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16. jainadarzana Adi zAmila haiM, isa zarIraparyAyake nimittase vikasita hotI haiN| zarIrake naSTa hote hI samasta jIvana bharameM upArjita jJAnAdi paryAyazaktiyA~ prAyaH bahuta kucha naSTa ho jAtI haiM / paraloka taka inake kucha sUkSma saMskAra ho jAte haiM / vyavahArase jIva mUrtika bhI hai : __jainadarzanameM vyavahArase jIvako mUrtika mAnanekA artha hai ki anAdise yaha jIva zarIrasambaddha hI milatA AyA hai| sthUla zarIra chor3anepara bhI sUkSma karmazarIra sadA isake sAtha rahatA hai| isI sUkSma karmazarIrake nAzako hI mukti kahate haiM / cArvAkakA dehAtmavAda dehake sAtha hI AtmAkI samApti mAnatA hai jaba ki jainake dehaparimANa-AtmavAdameM AtmAkI svatantra sattA hokara bhI usakA vikAsa azuddha dazAmeM dehAzrita yAnI dehanimittika mAnA gayA hai / AtmAko dazA : ___ AjakA vijJAna hameM batAtA hai ki jIva jo bhI vicAra karatA hai usakI Ter3hI-sIdhI; aura uthalI-gaharI rekhAyeM mastiSkameM bhare hue makkhana jaise zveta padArthameM khiMcatI jAtI haiM, aura unhIMke anusAra smRti tathA vAsanAe~ ubuddha hotI haiM / jaise agnise tape hue loheke goleko pAnImeM chor3anepara vaha golA jalake bahutase paramANuoMko apane bhItara sokha letA hai aura bhApa banAkara kucha paramANuoMko bAhara nikAlatA hai| jaba taka vaha garma rahatA hai, pAnImeM uthala-puthala paidA karatA hai / kucha paramANuoMko letA hai, kuchako nikAlatA hai, kuchako bhApha banAtA, yAnI eka ajIba hI paristhiti Asa-pAsake vAtAvaraNameM upasthita kara detA hai| usI taraha jaba yaha AtmA rAga-dveSa Adise uttapta hotA hai; taba zarIrameM eka adbhata halana-calana utpanna karatA hai| krodha Ate hI A~kheM lAla ho jAtI haiM, khUnakI gati bar3ha jAtI hai, mu~ha sUkhane lagatA hai, aura nathane phar3akane lagate haiM / jaba kAmavAsanA jAgRta hotI hai to sAre zarIrameM eka vizeSa prakArakA manthana zurU hotA hai, aura jaba taka vaha kaSAya yA vAsanA zAnta nahIM ho letI; taba taka yaha cahala-pahala aura manthana Adi nahIM ruktaa| AtmAke vicAroMke anusAra pudgaladravyomeM bhI pariNamana hotA hai aura una vicAroMke uttejaka pudgala AtmAke vAsanAmaya sUkSma karmazarIrameM zAmila hote jAte haiM / jaba-jaba una karmapudgaloMpara dabAva par3atA hai taba-taba ve phira rAgAdi bhAvoMko jagAte haiM / phira naye karmapudgala Ate haiM aura una karmapudgaloMke paripAkake anusAra nUtana rAgAdi bhAvoMkI sRSTi hotI hai| isa taraha rAgAdi bhAva aura karmapudgaloMke sambandhakA cakra tabataka

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tattva-nirUpaNa barAbara cAlU rahatA hai, jaba taka ki apane viveka aura cAritrase rAgAdi bhAvoMko naSTa nahIM kara diyA jaataa| sArAMza yaha ki jIvakI ye rAga-dveSAdi vAsanAe~ aura pudgalakarmabandhakI dhArA bIja-vRkSasantatikI taraha anAdise cAlU hai| pUrva saMcita karmake udayase isa samaya rAga, dveSa Adi utpanna hote haiM aura tatkAlameM jo jIvakI Asakti yA lagana hotI hai, vahI nUtana karmabandha karAtI hai| yaha AzaMkA karanA ki 'jaba pUrvakamase rAgAdi aura rAgAdise naye karmakA bandha hotA hai taba isa cakrakA uccheda kaise ho sakatA hai ?' ucita nahIM hai; kAraNa yaha hai ki kevala pUrvakarmake phalakA bhoganA hI naye karmakA bandhaka nahIM hotA, kintu usa bhogakAlameM jo nUtana rAgAdi bhAva utpanna hote haiM, unase bandha hotA hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki samyagdRSTike pUrvakarmake bhoga nUtana rAgAdibhAvoMko nahIM karanekI vajahase nirjarAke kAraNa hote haiM jaba ki mithyAdRSTi nUtana rAgAdise baMdha hI baMdha karatA hai| samyagdRSTi pUrvakarmake udayase honevAle rAgAdibhAvoMko apane vivekase zAnta karatA hai aura unameM naI Asakti nahIM hone detaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki usake purAne karma apanA phala dekara jhar3a jAte haiM aura kisI naye karmakA unakI jagaha bandha nahIM hotaa| ataH samyagdRSTi to hara taraphase halakA ho calatA hai; jaba ki mithyAdRSTi nita nayI vAsanA aura Asaktike kAraNa tejIse karmabandhanoMmeM jakar3atA jAtA hai / jisa prakAra hamAre bhautika mastiSkapara anubhavoMkI sIdhI, Ter3hI, gaharI, uthalI Adi asaMkhya rekhAe~ par3atI rahatI haiM, jaba eka prabala rekhA AtI hai to vaha pahaleko nirbala rekhAko sAphakara usa jagaha apanA gaharA prabhAva kAyama kara detI hai / yAnI yadi vaha rekhA sajAtIya saMskArakI hai to use aura gaharA kara detI hai aura yadi vijAtIya saMskArakI hai to use poMcha detI hai| antameM kucha hI anubhavarekhAe~ apanA gaharA yA uthalA astitva kAyama rakhatI haiN| isI taraha Aja jo rAgadveSAdijanya saMskAra utpanna hote haiM aura karmabandhana karate haiM; ve dUsare hI kSaNa zIla, vrata aura saMyama AdikI pavitra bhAvanAoMse dhula jAte haiM yA kSINa ho jAte haiN| yadi dUsare hI kSaNa anya rAgAdibhAvoMkA nimitta milatA hai, to prathamabaddha pudgaloMmeM aura bhI kAle pudgaloMkA saMyoga tIvratAse hotA jAtA hai| isa taraha jIvanake antameM karmoMkA bandha, nirjarA, apakarSaNa ( ghaTatI ), utkarSaNa ( bar3hatI ), saMkramaNa ( eka dUsareke rUpameM badalanA ) Adi hote-hote jo rokar3a bAkI rahatI hai vahI sUkSma karma-zarIrake rUpameM paraloka taka jAtI hai| jaise teja agnipara ubalatI haI baTaloImeM dAla, cAvala, zAka Adijo bhI DAlA jAtA hai usakI Upara-nIce

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162 jainadarzana agala-bagalameM uphAna lekara antameM eka khicar3I-sI bana jAtI hai, usI taraha pratikSaNa ba~dhanevAle acche yA bure karmoMmeM, zubhabhAvoMse zubhakarmoMmeM rasa-prakarSa aura sthitivRddhi hokara azubha karmoMmeM rasahInatA aura sthiticcheda ho jAtA hai| antameM eka pAkayogya skandha baca rahatA hai, jisake kramika udayase rAgAdi bhAva aura sukhAdi utpanna hote haiN| athavA jaise peTameM jaTharAgnise AhArakA mala, mUtra, sveda Adike rUpase kucha bhAga bAhara nikala jAtA hai, kucha vahIM hajama hokara raktAdi rUpase pariNata hotA hai aura Age jAkara vIryAdirUpa bana jAtA hai| bIcameM cUraNa-caTanI Adike saMyogase usakI laghupAka, dIrghapAka Adi avasthAe~ bhI hotI haiM, para antameM honevAle paripAkake anusAra hI bhojanako supaca yA duSpaca kahA jAtA hai, usI taraha karmakA bhI pratisamaya honevAle acche aura bure bhAvoMke anusAra tIvratama, tIvratara, tIvra, manda, madhyama, mRdutara aura mRdutama Adi rUpase parivartana barAbara hotA rahatA hai aura antameM jo sthiti hotI hai, usake anusAra una karmoMko zubha yA azubha kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhautika jagat pudgala aura AtmA donoMse prabhAvita hotA hai / jaba karmakA eka bhautika piNDa, jo viziSTa zaktikA srota hai, AtmAse sambaddha hotA hai, to usakI sUkSma aura tIvrazaktike anusAra bAhya padArtha bhI prabhAvita hote haiM aura prAptasAmagrIke anusAra usa saMcita karmakA tIvra, manda aura madhyama Adi phala milatA hai| isa taraha yaha karmacakra anAdikAlase cala rahA hai aura taba taka cAla rahegA jaba taka ki bandhakAraka mUlarAgAdivAsanAoMkA nAza nahIM kara diyA jaataa| bAhya padArthoMke-nokarmoke samavadhAnake anusAra karmoMkA yathAsambhava pradezodaya yA phalodaya rUpase paripAka hotA rahatA hai| udayakAlameM honevAle tIvra, madhyama aura manda zubhAzubha bhAvoMke anusAra Age udayameM AnevAle karmoke rasadAnameM bhI antara par3a jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki karmokA phala denA, anya rUpameM denA yA na denA, bahuta kucha hamAre puruSArthake Upara nirbhara karatA hai / ___isa taraha jaina darzanameM yaha AtmA anAdise azuddha mAnA gayA hai aura prayogase yaha zuddha ho sakatA hai / eka bAra zuddha honeke bAda phira azuddha honekA koI kAraNa nahIM raha jAtA / AtmAke pradezoMmeM saMkoca aura vistAra bhI karmake nimittase hI hotA hai| ataH karmanimittike haTa jAnepara AtmA apane antima AkArameM raha jAtA hai aura Urdhva lokake agra bhAgameM sthira ho apane caitanyameM pratiSThita ho jAtA hai|

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tattva-nirUpaNa * 163 ataH bha0 mahAvIrane bandha-mokSa aura usake kAraNabhUta tattvoMke sivAya usa AtmAkA jJAna bhI Avazyaka batAyA jise zuddha honA hai aura jo vartamAnameM azuddha ho rahA hai / AtmAkI azuddha dazA svarUpa-pracyutirUpa hai| cUMki yaha dazA svasvarUpako bhUlakara parapadArthoMmeM mamakAra aura ahaGkAra karaneke kAraNa huI hai, ataH isa azuddha dazAkA anta bhI svarUpake jJAnase hI ho sakatA hai| isa AtmAko yaha tattvajJAna hotA hai ki merA svarUpa to ananta caitanya, vItarAga, nirmoha, niSkaSAya, zAnta, nizcala, apramatta aura jJAnarUpa hai| isa svarUpako bhulAkara parapadArthoM meM mamakAra aura zarIrako apanA mAnaneke kAraNa, rAga, dveSa, moha, kaSAya, pramAda aura mithyAtva Adi vikArarUpa merI dazA ho gayI hai| ina kaSAyoMkI jvAlAse merA svarUpa samala aura yogake kAraNa caJcala ho gayA hai| yadi parapadArthoMse mamakAra aura rAgAdi bhAvoMse ahaGkAra haTa jAya tathA Atmaparaviveka ho jAya to yaha azuddha dazA aura ye rAgAdi vAsanAe~ apane Apa kSINa ho jaaygii| isa tattvajJAnase AtmA vikAroMko kSINa karatA huA nirvikAra caitanyarUpa ho jAtA hai / isI zuddhiko mokSa kahate haiN| yaha mokSa jaba taka zuddha AtmasvarUpakA bodha na ho, taba taka kaise ho sakatA hai ? AtmadRSTi hI samyagdRSTi : buddhake tattvajJAnakA prArambha duHkhase hotA hai aura usakI samApti hotI hai duHkhanivRttimeM / ve samajhate haiM ki AtmA arthAt upaniSadvAdiyoMkA nitya AtmA aura nitya AtmAmeM svabuddhi aura dUsare padArthoMmeM parabuddhi hone lagatI hai| svapara vibhAgase rAga-dveSa aura rAga-dveSase yaha saMsAra bana jAtA hai| ataH samasta anarthoMkI jar3a AtmadRSTi hai| ve isa ora dhyAna nahIM dete ki AtmAkI nityatA aura anityatA rAga aura virAgakA kAraNa nahIM hai| rAga aura virAga to svarUpake ajJAna aura svarUpake samyagjJAnase hote haiN| rAgakA kAraNa hai parapadArthoMmeM mamakAra karanA / jaba isa AtmAko samajhAyA jAtA hai ki mUrkha, terA svarUpa to nirvikAra akhaNDa caitanya hai, terA ina strI-putrAdi tathA zarIrameM mamatva karanA vibhAva hai, svabhAva nahIM, taba yaha sahaja hI apane nirvikAra svabhAvakI ora dRSTi DAlane lagatA hai aura isI vivekadRSTi yA samyagdarzanase parapadArthose rAgadveSa haTAkara svarUpameM lIna hone lagatA hai| isIke kAraNa Asrava rukate haiM aura citta nirAsrava hone lagatA hai| isa pratikSaNa parivartanazIla ananta dravyamaya lokameM maiM eka AtmA hU~, merA kisI dUsare AtmA yA pudgaladravyoMse koI sambandha nahIM hai| maiM apane caitanyakA svAmI huuN| mAtra caitanyarUpa huuN| yaha zarIra ananta pudgalaparamANuoMkA

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164 jainadarzana eka piNDa hai| isakA maiM svAmI nahIM huuN| yaha saba para dravya hai / parapadArthomeM iSTAniSTa buddhi karanA hI saMsAra hai| Ajataka maiMne parapadArthoM ko apane anukUla pariNamana karAnekI anadhikAra ceSTA hI kI hai| maiMne yaha bhI anadhikAra ceSTA kI hai ki saMsArake adhika-se-adhika padArtha mere adhIna hoM, jaisA maiM cAhU~, vaisA ve pariNamana kreN| unakI vRtti mere anukUla ho| para mUrkha, tU to eka vyakti hai| ' tU to kevala apane pariNamanapara arthAt apane vicAroM aura kriyApara hI adhikAra rakha sakatA hai| parapadArthopara terA vAstavika adhikAra kyA hai ? terI yaha anadhikAra ceSTA hI rAga aura dveSako utpanna karatI hai| tU cAhatA hai ki zarIra, strI, putra, parijana Adi saba tere izArepara caleM / saMsArake samasta padArtha tere adhIna hoM, tU trailokyako apane izArepara nacAnevAlA ekamAtra Izvara bana jAya / yaha saba terI niradhikAra ceSTAe~ haiN| tU jisa taraha saMsArake adhikatama padArthoko apane anukUla pariNamana karAke apane adhIna karanA cAhatA hai usI taraha tere jaise ananta mUr3ha cetana bhI yahI durvAsanA liye hue haiM aura dUsare dravyoMko apane adhIna karanA cAhate haiM / isI chInA-jhapaTImeM saMgharSa hotA hai, hiMsA hotI hai, rAga-dveSa hote haiM aura hotA hai antataH duHkha hI duHkha / sukha aura duHkhakI sthUla paribhASA yaha hai ki 'jo cAhe so hove, ise kahate haiM sukha aura cAhe kucha aura hove kucha yA jo cAhe vaha na hove ise kahate haiM duHkha / ' manuSyakI cAha sadA yahI rahatI hai ki mujhe sadA iSTakA saMyoga rahe aura aniSTakA saMyoga na ho| samasta bhautika jagat aura anya cetana mere anukUla pariNati karate raheM, zarIra nIroga ho, mRtyu na ho, dhanadhAnya hoM, prakRti anukUla rahe Adi na jAne kitane prakArakI cAha isa zekhacillI mAnavako hotI rahatI hai / buddhane jisa duHkhako sarvAnubhUta batAyA hai, vaha saba abhAvakRta hI to hai / mahAvIrane isa taSNAkA kAraNa batAyA hai 'svarUpakI maryAdAkA ajJAna', yadi manuSyako yaha patA ho ki-'jinakI maiM cAha karatA hU~, aura z2inakI tRSNA karatA hU~, ve padArtha mere nahIM haiM, maiM to eka cinmAtra hU~' to use anucita tRSNA hI utpanna na hogii| sArAMza yaha ki duHkhakA kAraNa tRSNA hai, aura tRSNAkI udbhUti svAdhikAra evaM svarUpake ajJAna yA mithyAjJAnake kAraNa hotI hai, parapadArthoMko apanA mAnaneke kAraNa hotI hai| ataH usakA uccheda bhI svasvarUpake samyagjJAna yAnI svaparavivekase hI ho sakatA hai| isa mAnavane apane svarUpa aura adhikArako sImAko na jAnakara sadA mithyAjJAna kiyA hai aura parapadArthoke nimittase jagatmeM aneka kalpita U~ca-nIca bhAvoMkI sRSTi kara mithyA ahaMkArakA poSaNa kiyA hai| zarIrA

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tatva-nirUpaNa 165 zrita yA jIvikAzrita brAhmaNa, kSatriyAdi vargoM ko lekara U~ca-nIca vyavahArakI bhedaka bhitti khar3I kara, mAnavako mAnavase itanA judA kara diyA, jo eka uccAbhimAnI mAMsapiNDa dUsarekI chAyAse yA dUsareko chUnese apaneko apavitra mAnane lgaa| bAhya parapadArthoke saMgrahI aura parigrahIko mahattva dekara isane tRSNAkI pUjA kii| jagatmeM jitane saMgharSa aura hiMsAe~ huI haiM ve saba parapadArthokI chInA-jhapaTIke kAraNa huI haiM / ataH jaba taka mumukSu apane vAstavika svarUpako tathA tRSNAke mUla kAraNa 'parameM Atmabuddhi'ko nahIM samajha letA taba taka duHkha-nivRttikI samucita bhUmikA hI taiyAra nahIM ho sktii| buddhane saMkSepameM pA~ca skandhoMko duHkha kahA hai| para mahAvIrane usake bhItarI tattvajJAnako bhI btaayaa| cUMki ye skandha AtmasvarUpa nahIM haiM, ataH inakA saMsarga hI aneka rAgAdibhAvoMkA sarjaka hai aura duHkhasvarUpa hai| nirAkula sukhakA upAya AtmamAtraniSThA aura parapadArthoMse mamatvakA haTAnA hI hai| isake lie AtmAkI yathArtha dRSTi hI Avazyaka hai| AtmadarzanakA yaha rUpa parapadArthoMmeM dveSa karanA nahIM sikhAtA, kintu yaha batAtA hai ki inameM jo tumhArI yaha tRSNA phaila rahI hai, vaha anadhikAra ceSTA hai| vAstavika adhikAra to tumhArA mAtra apane vicAra apane vyavahArapara hI hai| ataH AtmAke vAstavika svarUpakA parijJAna hue binA duHkhanivRtti yA muktikI sambhAvanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| nairAtmyavAdako asAratA: ataH A0 dharmakIrtikI yaha AzaMkA bhI nirmUla hai ki "Atmani sati parasaMjJA svaparavibhAgAt prigrhdvessau| anayoH saMpratibaddhAH sarve doSAH prajAyante / " -pramANavA0 11221 / arthAt-AtmAko 'sva' mAnanese dUsaroMko 'para' mAnanA hogaa| sva aura para vibhAga hote hI svakA parigraha aura parase dveSa hogaa| parigraha aura dveSa honese rAgadveSamUlaka saikar3oM anya doSa utpanna hote haiN| yahA~ taka to ThIka hai ki koI vyakti AtmAko sva mAnanese Atmetarako para maanegaa| para svaparavibhAgase parigraha aura dveSa kaise hoMge? AtmasvarUpakA parigraha kaisA ? parigraha to zarIra Adi parapadArthoMkA aura usake sukhasAdhanoMkA hotA hai, jinheM AtmadarzI vyakti chor3egA hI, grahaNa nahIM kregaa| use to jaise strI Adi sukha-sAdhana 'para' hai vaise zarIra bhii| rAga aura dveSa bhI zarIrAdike sukha-sAdhanoM

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566 jainadarzana aura asAdhanoMmeM hote haiM, so AtmadarzIko kyoM hoMge? ulaTe AtmadraSTA zarIrAdinimittaka rAgadveSa Adi dvandvoMke tyAgakA hI sthira prayatna kregaa| hA~, jisane zarIraskandhako ho AtmA mAnA hai use avazya Atmadarzanase zarIradarzana prApta hogA aura zarIrake iSTAniSTanimittaka padArthoMmeM parigraha aura dveSa ho sakate haiM, kintu jo zarIrako bhI 'para' hI mAna rahA hai tathA duHkhakA kAraNa samajha rahA hai vaha kyoM usameM tathA usake iSTAniSTa sAdhanoMmeM rAgadveSa karegA ? ataH zarIrAdise bhinna AtmasvarUpakA parijJAna hI rAgadveSakI jar3ako kATa sakatA hai aura vItarAgatAko prApta karA sakatA hai| ataH dharmakIrtikA AtmadarzanakI burAiyoMkA yaha varNana bhI nitAnta bhramapUrNa hai "yaH pazyatyAtmAnaM tatrAsyAhamiti zAzvataH snehaH / snehAt sukheSu tRSyati tRSNA doSA~stiraskurute // guNadarzI paritRSyan mameti ttsaadhnaanyupaadtte| tenAtmAbhinivezo yAvat tAvat sa saMsAre // " -pramANavArtika 1 / 219-20 / arthAt-jo AtmAko dekhatA hai, use yaha merA AtmA hai aisA nitya sneha hotA hai| snehase AtmasukhameM tRSNA hotI hai| tRSNAse AtmAke anya doSoMpara dRSTi nahIM jAtI, guNa-hI-guNa dikhAI dete haiM / AtmasukhameM guNa dekhane se usake sAdhanoMmeM mamakAra utpanna hotA hai, unheM vaha grahaNa karatA hai| isa taraha jaba taka AtmAkA abhiniveza hai taba taka saMsAra hI hai| ___kyoMki AtmadarzI vyakti jahA~ apane AtmasvarUpako upAdeya samajhatA hai vahA~ yaha bhI samajhatA hai ki zarIrAdi parapadArtha AtmAke hitakAraka nahIM haiN| inameM rAgadveSa karanA hI AtmAko baMdhameM DAlanevAlA hai| AtmAke svarUpabhUta sukhake lie kisI anya sAdhanake grahaNakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kintu jina zarIrAdi parapadArthoMmeM mithyAbuddhikara rakhI hai usa mithyAbuddhikA hI chor3anA aura AtmaguNakA darzana, AtmamAtrameM lInatAkA kAraNa hogA na ki bandhanakAraka parapadArthoMke grahaNako / zarIrAdi parapadArthoM meM honevAlA AtmAbhiniveza avazya rAgAdikA sarjaka hotA hai, kintu zarIrAdise bhinna Atma- tattvakA darzana zarIrAdimeM rAgAdi kyoM utpanna karegA ? paJcaskandha rUpa AtmA nahIM : __ yaha to dharmakIti tathA unake anuyAyiyoMkA Atmatattvake avyAkRta honekA kAraNa dRSTivyAmoha hI hai; jo ve usakA mAtra zarIraskandha hI svarUpa mAna rahe haiM

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tattva-nirUpaNa 167 aura AtmadRSTiko mithyAdRSTi kaha rahe haiM / eka ora ve pRthivyAdi mahAbhUtoMse AtmAkI utpattikA khaNDana bhI karate haiM aura dUsarI ora rUpa, vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ina pA~ca skandhoMse bhinna kisI AtmAko mAnanA bhI nahIM caahte| inameM vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna ye cAra skandha cetanAtmaka ho sakate haiM para, rUpaskandhako cetana kahanA cArvAkake bhUtAtmavAdase koI vizeSatA nahIM rakhatA hai| jaba buddha svayaM AtmAko anpAkRta koTimeM DAla gae haiM to unake ziSyoMkA dArzanika kSetrameM bhI AtmAke viSayameM parasparavirodhI do vicAroM meM dolita rahanA koI AzcaryakI bAta nahIM hai / Aja mahApaMDita rAhula sAMskRtyAyana buddhake ina vicAroMko 'abhautika anAtmavAda jaise ubhaya pratiSedhaka' nAmase pukArate haiN| ve yaha nahIM batA sakate ki Akhira AtmAkA svarUpa hai kyA ? kyA vedanA, saMjJA, saMskAra aura vijJAna skandha bhI rUpaskandhakI taraha svataMtra sat haiM ? kyA AtmAkI rUpaskandhakI taraha svataMtra sattA hai ? aura yadi nirvANameM cittasaMtati niruddha ho jAtI hai to cArvAkake eka janma taka sImita dehAtmavAdase isa anekajanma-sImita para nirvANameM vinaSTa honevAle abhautika anAtmavAdameM kyA maulika vizeSatA raha jAtI hai ? antameM to usakA nirodha ho hI jAtA hai| ___ mahAvIra isa asaMgatike jAlameM na to svayaM par3e aura na ziSyoMko hI unane isameM DAlA / yahI kAraNa hai jo unhoMne AtmAkA samagrabhAvase nirUpaNa kiyA hai aura use svatantra dravya mAnA hai / jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki dharmakA lakSaNa hai svabhAvameM sthira honA / AtmAkA apane zuddha AtmasvarUpameM lIna honA hI dharma hai aura isakI nirmala aura nizcala zuddha pariNati hI mokSa hai / yaha mokSa AtmatattvakI jijJAsAke binA ho hI nahIM sktaa| parataMtratAke bandhanako tor3anA svAtaMtrya sukhake lie hotA hai / koI vaidya rogIse yaha kahe ki 'tumheM isase kyA matalaba ki Age kyA hogA, davA khAye jAo; to rogI tatkAla vaidya para vizvAsa karake davA bhale hI khAtA jAya, parantu Ayurvedako kakSAmeM vidyArthiyoMkI jijJAsAkA samAdhAna itane mAtrase nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / rogakI pahacAna bhI svAsthyake svarUpako jAne binA nahIM ho sakatI / jina janmarogiyoMko svAsthyake svarUpakI jhA~kI hI nahIM milI ve to usa rogako roga hI nahIM mAnate aura na usakI nivRttikI ceSTA hI karate haiM / ataH hara taraha mumukSuke lie AtmatattvakA samagra jJAna Avazyaka hai| AtmAke tIna prakAra : AtmA tIna prakArake haiM-bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| jo zarIra Adi parapadArthoMko apanA rUpa mAnakara unakI hI priyabhogasAmagrImeM Asakta haiM ve

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168 jainadarzana bahirmukha jIva bahirAtmA haiN| jinheM svaparaviveka yA bhedavijJAna utpanna ho gayA hai, jinakI zarIra Adi bAhyapadArthose AtmadRSTi haTa gaI hai ve samyagdRSTi antarAtmA haiM / jo samasta karmamala-kalaMkoMse rahita hokara zuddha cinmAtra svarUpameM magna haiM ve paramAtmA hai / yahI saMsArI AtmA apane svarUpakA yathArtha parijJAnakara antardRSTi ho kramazaH paramAtmA bana jAtA hai| ataH AtmadharmakI prApti yA bandhana-muktike liye AtmatattvakA parijJAna nitAnta Avazyaka hai| cAritrakA AdhAra: cAritra arthAt ahiMsAkI sAdhanAkA mukhya AdhAra jIvatattvake svarUpa aura usake samAna adhikArakI maryAdAkA tattvajJAna hI bana sakatA hai| jaba hama yaha jAnate aura mAnate haiM ki jagatameM vartamAna sabhI AtmAe~ akhaMDa aura mUlataH ekaeka svatantra samAnazakti vAle dravya haiM / jisa prakAra hameM apanI hiMsA rucikara nahIM / hai, hama usase vikala hote haiM aura apane jIvanako priya samajhate haiM, sukha cAhate haiM, duHkhase ghabar3Ate haiM usI taraha anya AtmAe~ bhI yahI cAhatI haiN| yahI hamArI AtmA anAdikAlase sUkSma nigoda, vRkSa, vanaspati, kIr3A, makor3A, pazu, pakSI Adi aneka zarIroMko dhAraNa karatI rahI hai aura na jAne ise kauna-kauna zarIra dhAraNa karanA pdd'eNge| manuSyoMmeM jinheM hama nIca, achta Adi kahakara duradurAte haiM aura apanI svArthapUrNa sAmAjika, rAjanaitika aura Arthika vyavasthAoM aura bandhanoMse una samAnAdhikArI manuSyoMke adhikAroMkA nirdalana karake unake vikAsako rokate haiM, una nIca aura achUtoMmeM bhI hama utpanna hue hoNge| Aja manameM dUsaroMke prati unhIM kutsita bhAvoMko jAgrata karake usa paristhitikA nirmANa avazya hI kara rahe haiM jisase hamArI unhImeM utpanna honekI adhika sambhAvanA hai / una sUkSma nigodase lekara maNuSyoMtakake hamAre sIdhe samparkameM AnevAle prANiyoMke mUlabhUta svarUpa aura adhikArako samajhe binA hama unapara karuNA, dayA Adike bhAva hI nahIM lA sakate, aura na samAnAdhikAramUlaka parama ahiMsAke bhAva hI jAgrata kara sakate haiN| cittameM jaba una samasta prANiyoMmeM AtmaupamyakI puNya bhAvanA lahara mAratI hai tabhI hamArA pratyeka ucchvAsa unakI maMgalakAmanAse bharA huA nikalatA hai aura isa pavitra dharmako nahIM samajhanevAle saMgharSazIla hiMsakoMke zoSaNa aura nirdalanase pisatI huI AtmAke uddhArakI chaTapaTAhaTa utpanna ho sakatI hai| isa tattvajJAnakI suvAsase hI hamArI pariNati parapadArthoMke saMgraha aura parigrahakI duSpravRttise haTakara lokakalyANa aura jIvasevAkI ora jhukatI hai / ataH ahiMsAkI sarvabhUtamaitrIkI utkRSTa sAdhanAke lie sarvabhUtoMke svarUpa aura adhikArakA jJAna to pahale cAhiye hI / na kevala jJAna hI, kintu cAhiye usake prati dRr3ha niSThA /

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tattva-nirUpaNa isI sarvAtmasamatvakI mUlajyoti mahAvIra bananevAle kSatriyarAjakumAra vardhamAnake manameM jagI thI aura tabhI ve prAptarAjavibhUtiko bandhana mAnakara bAhara-bhItarakI sabhI gA~The kholakara paramanirgrantha bane aura jagatmeM mAnavatAko varNabhedakI cakkImeM pIsanevAle tathokta uccAbhimAniyoMko jhakajhorakara eka bAra rukakara socanekA zItala vAtAvaraNa upasthita kara sake / unane apane tyAga aura tapasyAke sAdhaka jIvanase mahattAkA mApadaNDa hI badala diyA aura una samasta trAsita zoSita abhidrAvita aura pIr3ita manuSyatanadhAriyoMko Atmavat samajha dharmake kSetrameM samAnarUpase avasara denevAle samavasaraNakI racanA kI / tAtparya yaha ki ahiMsAkI vividha prakArakI sAdhanAoMke lie AtmAke svarUpa aura usake mUla adhikAra-maryAdAkA jJAna utanA hI Avazyaka hai jitanA ki parapadArthose viveka prApta karaneke lie 'para' pudgalakA jJAna / binA ina donoMkA vAstavika jJAna hue samyagdarzanakI vaha amarajyoti nahIM jala sakatI, jisake prakAzameM mAnavatA musakurAtI hai aura sarvAtmasamatAkA udaya hotA hai| ___ isa AtmasamAnAdhikArakA jJAna aura usako jIvanameM utAranekI dRr3haniSThA hI sarvodayakI bhUmikA ho sakatI hai / ataH vaiyaktika duHkhakI nivRtti tathA jagata meM zAnti sthApita karaneke lie jina vyaktiyoMse yaha jagat banA hai una vyaktiyoMke svarUpa aura adhikArakI sImAko hameM samajhanA hI hogA / hama usakI taraphase A~kha ma~dakara tAtkAlika karuNA yA dayAke A~sU bahA bhI leM, para usakA sthAyI ilAja nahIM kara sakate / ataH bhagavAn mahAvIrane bandhanamuktike liye jo 'baMdhA hai tathA jisase baMdhA hai' ina donoM tattvoMkA parijJAna Avazyaka batAyA / binA isake bandhaparamparAke samaloccheda karanekA saGkalpa hI nahIM ho sakatA aura na cAritrake prati utsAha hI ho sakatA hai / cAritrakI preraNA to vicAroMse hI milatI hai / 2. ajIvatattva : jisa prakAra AtmatattvakA jJAna Avazyaka hai, usI prakAra jisa ajIvake sambandhase AtmA vikRta hotA hai, usameM vibhAvapariNati hotI hai usa ajIvatattvake jJAnako bhI AvazyakatA hai| jaba taka hama isa ajIvatattvako nahIM jAneMge taba taka 'kina domeM bandha huA hai' yaha mUla bAta hI ajJAta raha jAtI hai / ajIvatattvameM dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAlakA bhale hI sAmAnyajJAna ho; kyoMki inase AtmAkA koI bhalA burA nahIM hotA, parantu pudgala dravyakA kiMcit vizeSajJAna apekSita hai| zarIra, mana, indriyA~, zvAsocchrAsa aura vacana Adi saba pudgalakA hI hai| jisameM zarIra to cetanake saMsargase cetanAyamAna ho rahA hai| jagatmeM rUpa,

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170 jainadarzana rasa, gandha aura sparzavAle yAvat padArtha paudgalika haiN| pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni sabhI paudgalika haiM / inameM kisI meM koI guNa prakaTa rahatA hai aura koI anubhUta / yadyapi agnimeM rasa, vAyumeM rUpa aura jalameM gandha anubhUta hai phira bhI ye saba pudgalajAtIya hI padArtha haiN| zabda, prakAza, chAyA, andhakAra, sardI, garmI sabhI pudgala skandhoMkI avasthAe~ haiM / mumukSuke lie zarIrakI paudgalikatAkA jJAna to isalie atyanta jarUrI hai ki usake jIvanakI AsaktikA mukhya kendra vahI hai| yadyapi Aja AtmAkA 99 pratizata vikAsa aura prakAza zarIrAdhIna hai, zarIrake pujoMke bigar3ate hI vartamAna jJAna-vikAsa ruka jAtA hai aura zarIrake nAza honepara vartamAna zaktiyA~ prAyaH samApta ho jAtI haiM, phira bhI AtmAkA apanA svataMtra astitva tela-battIse bhinna jyotikI taraha hai hii| zarIrakA aNu-aNu jisakI zaktise saMcAlita aura cetanAyamAna ho rahA hai vaha antaHjyoti dUsarI hI hai| yaha AtmA apane sUkSma kArmaNazarIrake anusAra vartamAna sthUla zarIrake naSTa ho jAnepara dUsare sthUla zarIrako dhAraNA karatA hai| Aja to AtmAke sAttvika, rAjasa aura tAmasa sabhI prakArake vicAra aura saMskAra kArmaNazarIra aura prApta sthala zarIrake anusAra hI vikasita ho rahe haiM / ataH mumukSuke lie isa zarIrapudgalakI prakRtikA parijJAna atyanta Avazyaka hai, jisase vaha isakA upayoga AtmAke vikAsameM kara sake, hrAsameM nhiiN| yadi AhAra-vihAra uttejaka hotA hai to kitanA hI pavitra vicAra karanekA prayAsa kiyA jAya, para saphalatA nahIM mila sktii| isaliye bure saMskAra aura vicAroMkA zamana karaneke lie yA kSINa karaneke lie unake prabala nimittabhUta zarIrakI sthiti AdikA parijJAna karanA hI hogA / jina parapadArthoMse AtmAko virakta honA hai aura jinheM 'para' samajhakara unakI chInA-jhapaTIkI dvandvadazAse Upara uThanA hai aura unake parigraha aura saMgrahameM hI jIvanakA bahubhAga nahIM naSTa karanA hai to usa parako 'para' samajhanA hI hogaa| 3. bandhatattva: do padArthoke viziSTa sambandhako bandha kahate haiM / bandha do prakArakA haieka bhAvabandha aura dUsarA dravyabandha / jina rAga-dveSa aura moha Adi vikArI bhAvoMse karmakA bandhana hotA hai una bhAvoMko bhAvabandha kahate haiM / karmapudgaloMkA AtmapradezoMse sambandha honA dravyabandha kahalAtA hai| dravyabandha AtmA aura pudgalakA sambandha hai| yaha to nizcita hai ki do dravyoMkA saMyoga hI ho sakatA hai, tAdAtmya arthAt ekatva nhiiN| do milakara eka dikheM, para ekakI sattA miTakara eka zeSa

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tatva-nirUpaNa nahIM raha sktaa| jaba pudgalANa parasparameM bandhako prApta hote haiM to bhI ve eka vizeSa prakArake saMyogako hI prApta karate haiN| unameM snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa eka rAsAyanika mizraNa hotA hai, jisameM usa skandhake antargata sabhI paramANuoMkI paryAya badalatI hai aura ve aisI sthitimeM A jAte haiM ki amuka samaya taka una sabakI eka jaisI paryAya hotI rahatI hai| skandha apanemeM koI svatantra dravya nahIM hai kintu vaha amuka paramANuoMko vizeSa avasthA hI hai aura apane AdhArabhUta paramANuoMke adhIna hI usakI dazA rahatI hai| pudgaloMke bandhameM yahI rAsAyanikatA hai ki usa avasthAmeM unakA svataMtra vilakSaNa pariNamana nahIM hokara prAyaH eka jaisA pariNamana hotA hai parantu AtmA aura karmapudgaloMkA aisA rAsAyanika mizraNa ho hI nahIM sktaa| yaha bAta judA hai ki karmaskandhake A jAnese AtmAke pariNamanameM vilakSaNatA A jAtI hai aura AtmAke nimittase karmaskandhakI pariNati vilakSaNa ho jAtI hai; para itane mAtrase ina donoMke sambandhako rAsAyanikamizraNa saMjJA nahIM dI jA sakatI; kyoMki jIva aura karmake bandhameM donoMkI eka jaisI paryAya nahIM hotii| jIvakI paryAya cetanarUpa hotI hai aura pudgalako acetanarUpa / pudgalakA pariNamana rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparzAdirUpase hotA hai aura jIvakA caitanyake vikaasruupse| cAra bandha: yaha vAstavika sthiti hai ki nUtana karmapudgaloMkA purAne baMdhe hue karmazarIrake sAtha rAsAyanika mizraNa ho jAya aura vaha nUtana karma usa purAne karmapudgalake sAtha ba~dhakara usI skandhameM zAmila ho jAya aura hotA bhI yahI hai| purAne karmazarIrase pratikSaNa amuka paramANu khirate haiM aura usameM kucha dUsare naye zAmila hote haiN| parantu AtmapradezoMse unakA bandha rAsAyanika hargija nahIM hai| vaha to mAtra saMyoga hai| yahI pradezabandha kahalAtA hai| pradezabandhakI vyAkhyA tattvArthasUtra ( 8 / 24 ) meM isa prakArakI hai-"nAmapratyayAH sarvato yogavizeSAt sUkSmaikakSetrAvagAhasthitAH srvaatmprdeshessvnntaanntprdeshaaH|" arthAt yogake kAraNa samasta AtmapradezoMpara sabhI orase sUkSma karmapudgala Akara ekakSetrAvagAhI ho jAte haiM--jisa kSetrameM Atmapradeza haiM usI kSetrameM ve pudgala Thahara jAte haiM / isIkA nAma pradezabandha hai aura dravyabandha bhI yahI hai| ataH AtmA aura karmazarIrakA ekakSetrAvagAhake sivAya anya koI rAsAyanika mizraNa nahIM ho sakatA / rAsAyanika mizraNa yadi hotA hai to prAcIna karmapudgaloMse hI navIna karmapudgaloMkA, AtmapradezoMse nhiiN|

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173 jainadarzana jIvake rAgAdibhAvoMse jo yoga arthAt AtmapradezoMmeM halana-calana hotA hai usase karmake yogya pudagala khicate haiN| ve sthUla zarIrake bhItarase bhI khiMcate haiM aura bAharase bhii| isa yogase una karmavargaNAoMmeM prakRti arthAt svabhAva par3atA hai| yadi ve karmapudgala kisIke jJAnameM bAdhA DAlanevAlI kriyAse khiMce haiM to unameM jJAnake AvaraNa karanekA svabhAva par3egA aura yadi rAgAdi kaSAyoMse khice haiM, to caritrake naSTa krnekaa| tAtparya yaha ki Ae hue karmapudgaloMko AtmapradezoMse ekakSetrAvagAhI kara denA tathA unameM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa Adi svabhAvoMkA par3a jAnA yogase hotA hai| inheM pradezabandha aura prakRtibandha kahate haiM / kaSAyoMkI tIvratA aura mandatAke anusAra usa karmapudgalameM sthiti aura phala dene kI zakti par3atI hai, yaha sthitibandha aura anubhAgabandha kahalAtA hai| ye donoM bandha kaSAyase hote haiN| kevalI arthAt jIvanmukta vyaktiko rAgAdi kaSAya nahIM hotI, ataH unake yogake dvArA jo karmapudgala Ate haiM ve dvitIya samayameM jhar3a jAte haiN| unakA sthitibandha aura anubhAyabandha nahIM hotaa| yaha bandhacakra, jabataka rAga, dveSa, moha aura vAsanAe~ Adi vibhAva bhAva hai, taba taka barAbara calatA rahatA hai| 3. Astrava-tattva: mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ye pA~ca bandhake kAraNa haiN| inheM Asrava-pratyaya bhI kahate haiN| jina bhAvoMse karmokA Asrava hotA hai unheM bhAvAsrava kahate haiM aura karmadravyakA AnA dravyAsrava kahalAtA hai| pudgaloMmeM karmatvaparyAyakA vikAsa honA bhI dravyAsrava kahA jAtA hai| AtmapradezoM taka unakA AnA bhI dravyAsrava hai| yadyapi inhIM mithyAtva Adi bhAvoMko bhAvabandha kahA hai, parantu prathamakSaNabhAvI ye bhAva cUMki karmoMko khIMcanekI sAkSAt kAraNabhUta yogakriyA nimitta hote haiM ataH bhAvAsrava kahe jAte haiM aura agrimakSaNabhAvI bhAva bhAvabandha / bhAvAsrava jaisA tIvra, manda aura madhyama hotA hai, tajjanya AtmapradezoMkA parispanda arthAt yoga kriyAse karma bhI vaise hI Ate haiM aura AtmapradezoMse baMdhate haiN| mithyAtva : ina AsravoMmeM mukhya anantakarmabandhaka hai mithyAtva arthAt mithyAdRSTi / yaha jIva apane AtmasvarUpako bhUlakara zarIrAdi paradravyameM Atmabuddhi karatA hai / isake samasta vicAra aura kriyAe~ zarIrAzrita vyavahAroMmeM ulajhI rahatI haiM / laukika yaza, lAbha AdikI dRSTise yaha dharmakA AcaraNa karatA hai / ise svaparaviveka nahIM rhtaa|

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tattva-nirUpaNa 173 padArthoMke svarUpameM bhrAnti banI rahatI hai| tAtparya yaha ki kalyANamArgameM isakI samyak zraddhA nahIM hotI / yaha mithyAtva sahaja aura gRhIta do prakArakA hotA hai| ina donoM mithyAdRSTiyoMse ise tattvaruci jAgRta nahIM hotii| yaha aneka prakArakI deva, guru tathA lokamUDhatAoMko dharma mAnatA hai / aneka prakArake U~ca-nIca bhedoMkI sRSTi karake mithyA ahaMkArakA poSaNa karatA hai| jisa kisI devako, jisa kisI bhI veSadhArI guruko, jisa kisI bhI zAstrako bhaya, AzA, sneha aura lobhase mAnaneko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| na usakA apanA koI siddhAnta hotA hai aura na vyavahAra / thor3ese pralobhanase vaha sabhI anartha karaneko prastuta ho jAtA hai| jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, bala, Rddhi, tapa aura zarIrake madase matta hotA hai aura dUsaroMko tuccha samajha unakA tiraskAra karatA hai / bhaya, svArtha, ghRNA, paranindA Adi durguNoMkA kendra hotA hai| isakI samasta pravRttiyoMke mUlameM eka hI kuTeva rahatI hai aura vaha hai svarUpavibhrama / use AtmasvarUpakA koI zraddhAna nahIM hotA, ataH vaha bAhyapadArthoMmeM lubhAyA rahatA hai| yahI mithyAdRSTi samasta doSoMkI jananI hai, isIse ananta saMsArakA bandha hotA hai / avirati: sadAcAra yA cAritra dhAraNa karanekI ora ruci yA pravRtti nahIM honA avirati hai / manuSya kadAcit cAhe bhI, para kaSAyoMkA aisA tIvra udaya hotA hai jisase na to vaha sakalacAritra dhAraNa kara pAtA hai aura na dezacAritra hii| krodhAdi kaSAyoMke cAra bheda cAritrako rokanekI zaktikI apekSAse bhI hote haiM1. anantAnubandhI-ananta saMsArakA bandha karAnevAlI, svarUpAcaraNa cAritra na hone denevAlI, pattharakI rekhAke samAna kaSAya / yaha mithyAtvake sAtha rahatI hai| 2. apratyAkhyAnAvaraNa-dezacAritra arthAt zrAvakake aNuvratoMko rokanevAlI, miTTIkI rekhAke samAna kaSAya / 3. pratyAkhyAnAvaraNa-sakalacAritrako na hone denevAlI, dhUlikI rekhAke samAna kssaay| 4. saMjvalana kaSAya-pUrNa cAritrameM kiMcit doSa utpanna karanevAlI, jalarekhAke samAna kaSAya / isake udayase yathAkhyAtacAritra nahIM ho pAtA / isa taraha indriyoMke viSayoMmeM tathA prANiviSayaka asaMyamameM nirargala pravRtti honese karmoMkA Asrava hotA hai /

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174 jainadarzana pramAda : asAvadhAnIko pramAda kahate haiM / kuzala karmoMmeM anAdara honA pramAda hai / pA~coM indriyoMke viSayameM lIna honeke kAraNa; rAjakathA, corakathA, strIkathA aura bhojanakathA Adi vikathAoMmeM rasa leneke kAraNa; krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ina cAra kaSAyoMse kaluSita honeke kAraNa; tathA nidrA aura praNayameM magna honeke kAraNa kuzala kartavya mArgameM anAdarakA bhAva utpanna hotA hai| isa asAvadhAnIse kuzalakarmake prati anAsthA to hotI hI hai sAtha-hI-sAtha hiMsAkI bhUmikA bhI taiyAra hone lagatI hai / hiMsAke mukhya hetuoMmeM pramAdakA pramukha sthAna hai| dUsare prANIkA ghAta ho yA na ho, pramAdI vyaktiko hiMsAkA doSa sunizcita hai| prayatnapUrvaka pravRtti karanevAle apramatta sAdhanake dvArA bAhya hiMsA honepara bhI vaha ahiMsaka hI hai / ataH pramAda hiMsAkA mukhya dvAra hai| isIlie bhagavAna mahAvIrane bAra-bAra gautama gaNadharako cetAyA thA ki "samayaM goyama mA pamAyae'' arthAt gautama, kSaNabhara bhI pramAda kr| kaSAya: AtmAkA svarUpa svabhAvataH zAnta aura nirvikArI hai / para krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha ye cAra kaSAyeM use kasa detI haiM aura svarUpase cyuta kara detI haiM / ye cAroM AtmAkI vibhAva dazAe~ haiM / krodha kaSAya dveSarUpa hai| yaha dveSakA kAraNa aura dveSakA kArya hai| mAna yadi krodhako utpanna karatA hai to dveSarUpa hai| lobha rAgarUpa hai / mAyA yadi lobhako jAgRta karatI hai to rAgarUpa hai / tAtparya yaha ki rAga, dveSa aura mohakI doSa-tripuTImeM kaSAyakA bhAga hI mukhya hai| moharUpI mithyAtvake dUra ho jAnepara samyagadaSTiko rAga aura dveSa bane rahate haiN| inameM lobha kaSAya to pada, pratiSThA, yazakI lipsA aura saMghavRddhi Adike rUpameM bar3e-bar3e muniyoMko bhI svarUpasthita nahIM hone detii| yaha rAga-dveSarUpa dvandva hI samasta anarthoMkA mUla hai / yahI pramukha Asrava hai| nyAyasUtra, gItA aura pAlI piTakoMmeM bhI isa dvandvako pApakA mUla batAyA hai| jainAgamoMkA pratyeka vAkya kaSAya-zamanakA hI upadeza detA hai / jaina upAsanAkA Adarza parama nirgrantha dazA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina mUrtiyA~ vItarAgatA aura akiJcanatAkI pratIka hotI hai| na unameM dveSakA sAdhana Ayudha hai aura na rAgakA AdhAra strI AdikA sAhacarya hI / ve sarvathA nirvikAra hokara paramavItarAgatA aura akiJcanatAkA pAvana saMdeza detI haiN| ina kaSAyoMke sivAya hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda aura na sakaveda ye nava nokaSAyeM haiM / inake kAraNa bhI AtmAmeM vikArapariNati utpanna hotI hai / ataH ye bhI Asrava haiN|

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tattva-nirUpaNa 175 yoga : ___mana, vacana aura kAyake nimittase AtmAke pradezoMmeM jo parispanda arthAta kriyA hotI hai use 'yoga' kahate haiM / yogakI sAdhAraNa prasiddhi yogabhASya AdimeM yadyapi cittavRttike nirodharUpa dhyAnake arthameM hai, parantu jaina paramparAmeM cUMki mana, vacana aura kAyase honevAlI AtmAkI kriyA karmaparamANuoMse AtmAkA yoga arthAt sambandha karAtI hai, isalie ise hI yoga kahate haiM aura isake nirodhako dhyAna kahate haiM / AtmA sakriya hai, usake pradezoMmeM parispanda hotA hai / mana, vacana aura kAyake nimittase sadA usameM kriyA hotI rahatI hai / yaha kriyA jIvanmuktake barAbara hotI hai| paramamuktise kucha samaya pahale ayogakevalI avasthAmeM mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAkA nirodha hotA hai, aura taba AtmA nirmala aura nizcala bana jAtA hai| siddha avasthAmeM AtmAke pUrNa zuddha rUpakA AvirbhAva hotA hai| na to usameM karmajanya malinatA hI rahatI hai aura na yogakI caMcalatA hii| saca pachA jAya to yoga hI Asrava hai| isIke dvArA karmoMkA Agamana hotA hai| zubha yoga puNyakarmakA Asrava karAtA hai aura azubhayoga paapkrmkaa| sabakA zubha cintana yAnI ahiMsaka vicAradhArA zubha manoyoga hai| hita, mita, priya vacana bolanA zubha vacanayoga hai aura parako bAdhA na denevAlI yatnAcArapUrvaka pravRtti zubhakAya yoga hai| aura inase viparIta cintana, vacana tathA kAya-pravRtti azubha mana-vacanakAyayoga hai| do Asrava : sAmAnyatayA Asrava do prakArakA hotA hai| eka to kaSAyAnuraMjita yogase honevAlA sAmparAyika Asrava-jo bandhakA hetu hokara saMsArakI vRddhi karatA hai| dUsarA mAtra yogase honevAlA Ipitha Asrava-jo kaSAyakA pa na honeke kAraNa Age bandhana nahIM kraataa| yaha Asrava jIvanmukta mahAtmAoMke jaba taka zarIrakA sambandha hai, taba taka hotA hai| isa taraha yoga aura kaSAya, dUsareke jJAnameM bAdhA pahu~cAnA, dUsareko kaSTa pahu~cAnA, dUsarekI nindA karanA Adi jisa-jisa prakArake jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, vedanIya Adi kriyAyoMmeM saMlagna hote haiM, usa-usa prakArase una-una karmoMkA Asrava aura bandha karAte haiN| jo kriyA pradhAna hotI hai usase usa karmakA bandha vizeSarUpase hotA hai, zeSa karmokA gauNa / parabhavameM zarIrAdikI prAptike lie Ayu karmakA Asrava vartamAna Ayuke tribhAgameM hotA hai| zeSa sAta karmokA Asrava pratisamaya hotA rahatA hai|

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jainadarzana 4. mokSatattva: bandhana-muktiko mokSa kahate haiM / bandhake kAraNoMkA abhAva honepara tathA saMcita karmoMkI nirjarA honese samasta karmoMkA samUla uccheda honA mokSa hai| AtmAkI vaibhAvikI zaktikA saMsAra avasthAmeM vibhAva pariNamana hotA hai| vibhAva pariNamanake nimitta haTa jAnese mokSa dazAmeM usakA svAbhAvika pariNamana ho jAtA hai / jo AtmAke guNa vikRta ho rahe the ve hI svAbhAvika dazAmeM A jAte haiM / mithyAdarzana samyagdarzana bana jAtA hai, ajJAna jJAna bana jAtA hai aura acAritra caaritr| isa dazAmeM AtmAkA sArA nakazA hI badala jAtA hai| jo AtmA anAdi kAlase mithyAdarzana Adi azuddhiyoM aura kaluSatAoMkA puJja banA huA thA, vahI nirmala, nizcala aura ananta caitanyamaya ho jAtA hai| usakA Age sadA zuddha pariNamana hI hotA hai| vaha nistaraMga samudrakI taraha nirvikalpa, nizcila aura nirmala ho jAtA hai / na to nirvANa dazAmeM AtmAkA abhAva hotA hai aura na vaha acetana hI ho jAtA hai| jaba AtmA eka svatantra maulika dravya hai, taba usake abhAvakI yA usake guNoMke ucchedakI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| pratikSaNa kitane hI parivartana hote jA~ya, para vizvake raMgamaJcase usakA samUla uccheda nahIM ho sktaa| dIpanirvANakI taraha AtmanirvANa nahIM hotA: . buddhase jaba prazna kiyA gayA ki 'marane ke bAda tathAgata hote haiM yA nahIM ?' to unhoMne isa praznako avyAkRta koTimeM DAla diyA thaa| yahI kAraNa huA ki buddhake ziSyoMne nirvANake sambandhameM aneka prakArakI kalpanAe~ kiiN| eka nirvANa vaha, jisameM cittasantati nirAsrava ho jAtI hai, yAnI cittakA maila dhula jAtA hai / ise 'sopadhizeSa' nirvANa kahate haiN| dUsarA nirvANa vaha, jisameM dIpakake samAna cittasaMtati bhI bujha jAtI hai arthAt usakA astitva hI samApta ho jAtA hai / yaha 'nirupadhizeSa' nirvANa kahalAtA hai| rUpa, vedanA, vijJAna, saMjJA aura saMskAra ina paMca skandharUpa AtmA mAnanekA yaha sahaja pariNAma thA ki nirvANa dazAmeM usakA astitva na rhe| Azcarya hai ki buddha nirvANa aura AtmAke paralokagAmitvakA nirNaya batAye binA hI mAtra duHkhanivRttike sarvAGgINa aucityakA samarthana karate rhe| yadi nirvANameM cittasantatikA nirodha ho jAtA hai, vaha dIpakakI laukI taraha bujha jAtI hai, to buddha ucchedavAdake doSase kaise baca sake ? AtmAke

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tattva-nirUpaNa 177 nAstitvase inakAra to ve isI bhayase karate the ki AtmAko nAsti mAnA jAtA hai to cArvAkakI taraha ucchedavAdakA prasaMga AtA hai| nirvANa avasthAmeM uccheda mAnane aura maraNake bAda uccheda mAnane tAttvika dRSTise koI antara nahIM hai / balki cArvAkakA sahaja uccheda sabako sukara kyA anAyAsasAdhya honese sugrAhya hogA aura buddhakA nirvANottara uccheda aneka prakArake brahmacaryavAsa aura dhyAna Adike kaSTase sAdhya honeke kAraNa durgrAhya hogaa| jaba cittasantati bhautika nahIM hai aura usakI saMsAra-kAlameM pratisaMdhi (paralokagamana ) hotI hai, taba nirvANa avasthAmeM usake samUlocchedakA koI aucitya samajhameM nahIM aataa| ataH mokSa avasthAmeM usa cittasaMtatikI sattA mAnanA hI cAhie, jo ki anAdikAlase AsravamaloMse malina ho rahI thI aura jise sAdhanAke dvArA nirAsrava avasthAmeM pahu~cAyA gayA hai| tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA ( pRSTha 104 ) meM AcArya kamalazIlane saMsAra aura nirvANake svarUpakA pratipAdana karanevAlA yaha prAcIna zloka uddhRta kiyA hai "cittameva hi saMsAro rAgAdiklezavAsitam / tadeva tairvinirmuktaM bhavAnta iti kathyate // " arthAt-rAgAdi kleza aura vAsanAmaya cittako saMsAra kahate haiM aura jaba vahI citta rAgAdi kleza aura vAsanAoMse mukta ho jAtA hai, taba use bhavAnta arthAt nirvANa kahate haiN| isa zlokameM pratipAdita saMsAra aura mokSakA svarUpa hI yuktisiddha aura anubhavagamya hai| cittakI rAgAdi avasthA saMsAra hai aura usIkI rAgAdirahitatA mokSa' hai| ataH samasta karmoMke kSayase honevAlA svarUpalAbha hI mokSa hai| AtmAke abhAva yA caitanyake ucchedako mokSa nahIM kaha skte| regakI nivRttikA nAma Arogya hai, na ki rogIkI nivRtti yA samApti / dUsare zabda meM svAsthyalAbhako Arogya kahate haiM, na ki rogake sAtha-sAtha rogIkI mRtyu yA smaaptiko| nirvANameM jJAnAdi guNoMkA sarvathA uccheda nahIM hotA : / vaizeSika buddhi, sukha, duHkha, icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma aura saMskAra ina nava vizeSaguNoMke ucchedako mokSa kahate haiN| inakA mAnanA hai ki ina vizeSa1. "muktinirmalatA dhiyaH |"-tttvsNgrh pRSTha 184 / 2, "AtmalAbhaM vidumokSaM jIvasyAntarmalakSayAt / nAbhAvo nApyacaitanyaM na caitanyamanarthakam // " -siddhivi0 pR0 384 / 12

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178 jainadarzana guNoMkI utpatti AtmA aura manake saMyogase hotI hai| manake saMyogake haTa jAnese ye guNa mokSa avasthAmeM utpanna nahIM hote aura AtmA usa dazAmeM nirguNa ho jAtA hai| jahA~ taka icchA, dveSa, prayatna, dharma, adharma, saMskAra aura sAMsArika duHkhasukhakA prazna hai, ye saba karmajanya avasthAyeM haiM, ataH muktimeM inakI sattA nahIM rhtii| para buddhikA arthAt jJAnakA, jo ki AtmAkA nija guNa hai, uccheda sarvathA nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| hA~, saMsAra avasthAmeM jo khaMDajJAna mana aura indriyake saMyogase utpanna hotA thA, vaha avazya hI mokSa avasthAmeM nahIM rahatA, para jo isakA svarUpabhUta caitanya hai, jo indriya aura manase pare hai, usakA uccheda kisI bhI taraha nahIM ho sktaa| Akhira nirvANa avasthAmeM jaba AtmAkI svarUpasthiti vaizeSikako svIkRta hI hai taba yaha svarUpa yadi koI ho sakatA hai to vaha usakA indriyAtIta caitanya hI ho sakatA hai| saMsAra avasthAmeM yahI caitanya indriya, mana aura padArtha Adike nimittase nAnAvidha viSayAkAra buddhiyoMke rUpameM pariNati karatA thaa| ina upAdhiyoMke haTa jAnepara usakA svasvarUpamagna honA svAbhAvika hI hai| karmake kSayopazamase honevAle kSAyopazamika jJAna tathA karmajanya sukhaduHkhAdikA vinAza to jaina bhI mokSa avasthAmeM mAnate haiM, para usake nija caitanyakA vinAza to svarUpocchedaka honese kathamapi svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| milinda-praznake nirvANa varNanakA tAtparya : milinda-praznameM nirvANakA jo varNana hai usake nimnalikhita vAkya dhyAna dene yogya haiN| "tRSNAke nirodha ho jAnese upAdAnakA nirodha ho jAtA hai, upAdAnake nirodhase bhatrakA nirodha ho jAtA hai, bhavakA nirodha honese janma lenA banda ho jAtA hai, punarjanmake banda honese bUr3hA honA, maranA, zoka, ronA, pITanA, duHkha, becainI aura parezAnI sabhI duHkha ruka jAte haiN| mahArAja, isa taraha nirodha ho jAnA hI nirvANa hai / " ( pR0 85 ) / "nirvANa na karmake kAraNa, na hetuke kAraNa aura na Rtuke kAraNa utpanna hotA hai / " ( pR0 329) ____ "hA~ mahArAja, nirvANa nirguNa hai, kisIne ise banAyA nahIM hai| nirvANake sAtha utpanna hone aura na utpanna honekA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| utpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai athavA nahIM, isakA bhI prazna nahIM aataa| nirvANa vartamAna, bhUta aura bhaviSyat tInoM kAloMke pare hai| nirvANa na A~khase dekhA jA sakatA hai, na kAnase sunA jA sakatA hai, na nAkase suMdhA jA sakatA hai, na jIbhase cakhA jA sakatA hai aura na zarIrase chuA jA sakatA hai| nirvANa manase jAnA jA sakatA hai| arhat

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tattva-nirUpaNa 179 padako pAkara bhikSa vizuddha, praNIta, Rju tathA AvaraNoM aura sAMsArika kAmoMse rahita manase nirvANako dekhatA hai / " (pR0 332) "nirvANameM sukha hI sukha hai, duHkhakA leza bhI nahIM rahatA" ( pR0 386 ) "mahArAja, nirvANameM aisI koI bhI bAta nahIM hai, upamAe~ dikhA, vyAkhyA kara, tarka aura kAraNake sAtha nirvANake rUpa, sthAna, kAla yA DIlaDaula nahIM dikhAye jA skte|" (pR0 388) "mahArAja, jisa taraha kamala pAnIse sarvathA alipta rahatA hai usI taraha nirvANa sabhI klezoMse alipta rahatA hai| nirvANa bhI logoMkI kAmatRSNA, bhavatRSNA aura vibhavatRSNAkI pyAsako dUra kara detA hai / " ( pR0 391) "nirvANa davAkI taraha klezarUpI viSako zAnta karatA hai, duHkharUpI rogoMkA anta karatA hai aura amRtarUpa hai| vaha mahAsamudrakI taraha aparampAra hai / vaha AkAzakI taraha na paidA hotA hai, na purAnA hotA hai, na maratA hai, na AvAgamana karatA hai, durjeya hai, coroMse nahIM curAyA jA sakatA, kisI dUsare para nirbhara nahIM rahatA, svacchanda khulA aura ananta hai| vaha maNiratnakI taraha sArI icchAoMko pUrA kara detA hai, manohara hai, prakAzamAna hai aura bar3e kAmakA hotA hai| vaha lAla candanakI taraha durlabha, nirAlI gaMdhavAlA aura sajjanoM dvArA prazaMsita hai| vaha pahAr3akI coTIkI taraha atyanta hI U~cA, acala, agamya, rAga-dveSarahita aura kleza bIjoMke upajaneke ayogya hai| vaha jagaha na to pUrva dizAkI ora hai, na pazcima dizAkI ora, na uttara dizAko ora, aura na dakSiNa dizAkI ora, na Upara, na nIce aura na Ter3he / jahA~ ki nirvANa chipA hai / nirvANake pAye jAnekI koI jagaha nahIM hai, phira bhI nirvANa hai| saccI rAha para cala, manako ThIka ora lagA nirvANakA sAkSAtkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai|'' (pR0 392-403 taka hindI anuvAdakA sAra) ... ina avataraNoMse yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki buddha nirvANakA koI sthAnavizeSa nahIM mAnate the aura na kisI kAlavizeSameM utpanna yA anutpannakI carcA isake sambandhameM kI jA sakatI hai| vaise usakA jo svarUpa "indriyAtIta sukhamaya, janma, jarA, mRtyu Adike klezoMse zUnya" ityAdi zabdoMke dvArA varNita hotA hai, vaha zUnya yA abhAvAtmaka nirvANakA na hokara sukharUpa nirvANakA hai / nirvANako buddhane AkAzakI taraha asaMskRta kahA hai| asaMskRtakA artha hai jisake utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya na hoN| jisakI utpatti yA anutpatti AdikA koI vivecana nahIM ho sakatA ho, vaha asaMskRta padArtha hai| mAdhyamika kArikAkI

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180 jainadarzana saMskRta-parIkSAmeM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyako saMskRtakA lakSaNa batAyA hai| so yadi yaha asaMskRtatA nirvANake sthAnake sambandhameM hai to ucita hI hai; kyoMki yadi nirvANa kisI sthAnavizeSapara hai, to vaha jagatkI taraha santatikI dRSTise anAdi ananta hI hogA; usake utpAda-anutpAdakI carcA hI vyartha hai| kintu usakA svarUpa janma, jarA, mRtyu Adi samasta klezoMse rahita sukhamaya hI ho sakatA hai / ____ azvaghoSane saundaranandameM (6 / 28, 29 ) nirvANa prApta AtmAke sambandhameM jo yaha likhA hai ki telake cuka jAne para dIpaka jisa taraha na kisI dizAko, na kisI vidizAko, na AkAzako aura na pRthvIko jAtA hai kintu kevala bujha jAtA hai, usI taraha kRtI klezoMkA kSaya hone para kisI dizA-vidizA, AkAza yA pAtAlako nahIM jAkara zAnta ho jAtA hai| yaha varNana nirvANake sthAnavizeSakI tarapha hI lagatA hai, na ki svarUpakI trph| jisa taraha saMsArI AtmAkA nAma, rUpa aura AkArAdi batAyA jA sakatA hai, usa taraha nirvANa avasthAko prApta vyaktikA svarUpa nahIM samajhAyA jA sktaa| vastutaH buddhane AtmAke svarUpake praznako hI jaba avyAkRta karAra diyA, taba usakI avasthAvizeSa-nirvANake sambandhameM vivAda honA svAbhAvika hI thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIrane mokSake svarUpa aura sthAna donoMke sambandhameM sayuktika vivecana kiyA hai / samasta karmoke vinAzake bAda AtmAke nirmala aura nizcala caitanyasvarUpakI prApti hI mokSa hai aura mokSa avasthAmeM yaha jIva samasta sthala aura sUkSma zArIrika bandhanoMse sarvathA mukta hokara lokake agrabhAgameM antima zarIrake AkAra hokara ThaharatA hai| Age gatike sahAyaka dharmadravyake na honese gati nahIM hotii| mokSa na ki nirvANa : jaina paramparAmeM mokSa zabda vizeSa rUpase vyavahRta hotA hai aura usakA sIdhA artha hai chUTanA arthAt anAdikAlase jina karmabandhanoMse yaha AtmA jakar3A haA thA, una bandhanoMkI paratantratAko kATa denaa| bandhana kaTa jAne para jo baMdhA thA. vaha svatantra ho jAtA hai / yahI usakI mukti hai| kintu bauddha paramparAmeM 'nirvANa' arthAt dIpakakI taraha bujha jAnA, isa zabdakA prayoga honese usake svarUpameM hI ghuTAlA ho gayA hai / klezoMke bujhaneko jagaha AtmAkA bujhanA hI nirvANa samajha liyA gayA hai / karmoMke nAza karanekA artha bhI itanA hI hai ki karmapudgala jIvase 1. zloka pR0 139 para dekho|

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tattva-nirUpaNa 181 bhinna ho jAte haiM, unakA atyanta vinAza nahIM hotA' / kisI bhI satkA atyanta vinAza na kabhI huA hai aura na hogaa| paryAyAntara honA hI 'nAza' kahA jAtA hai| jo karmapudgala amuka AtmAke sAtha saMyukta honeke kAraNa usa AtmAke guNoMkA ghAta karanekI vajahase usake lie karmatva paryAyako dhAraNa kiye the, mokSameM unakI karmatva paryAya naSTa ho jAto hai / yAnI jisa prakAra AtmA karmabandhanase chUTa kara zuddha siddha ho jAtA hai usI taraha karmapudgala bhI apanI karmatva paryAyase usa samaya mukta ho jAte haiM / yoM to siddha sthAnapara rahanevAlI AtmAoMke sAtha pudgaloM yA skandhoMkA saMyoga sambandha hotA rahatA hai, para una pudgaloMkI unake prati karmatva paryAya nahIM hotI, ataH vaha bandha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ataH jaina paramparAmeM AtmA aura karmapudgalakA sambandha chuTa jAnA hI mokSa hai| isa mokSameM donoM dravya apane nija svarUpameM bane rahate haiM, na to AtmA dIpakakI taraha bujha jAtA hai aura na karmapudgalakA hI sarvathA samUla nAza hotA hai| donoMkI paryAyAntara ho jAtI hai / jIvakI zuddha dazA aura pudgalakI yathAsaMbhava zuddha yA azuddha koI bhI avasthA ho jAtI hai| 5 saMvara-tatva : ___ saMvara rokaneko kahate haiM / surakSAkA nAma saMvara hai| jina dvAroMse karmokA Asrava hotA thA, una dvAroMkA nirodha kara denA saMvara kahalAtA hai / Asrava yogase hotA hai, ataH yogakI nivRtti hI mUlataH saMvarake padapara pratiSThita ho sakatI hai| kintu mana, vacana aura kAyakI pravRttiko sarvathA rokanA saMbhava nahIM hai / zArIrika AvazyakatAoMko pUrti ke liye AhAra karanA, malamUtrakA visarjana karanA, calanAphiranA, bolanA, rakhanA, uThAnA Adi kriyAe~ karanA hI par3atI haiM / ataH jitane aMzoMmeM mana, vacana aura kAyakI kriyAoMkA nirodha hai, utane aMzako gupti kahate haiM / gupti arthAt rkssaa| mana, vacana aura kAyakI akuzala pravRttiyoMse rakSA karanA / yaha gupti hI saMvaraNakA sAkSAt kAraNa hai / guptike atirikta samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritra Adise bhI saMvara hotA hai| samiti AdimeM jitanA nivRttikA aMza hai utanA saMvarakA kAraNa hotA hai aura pravRttikA aMza zubha bandhakA hetu hotA hai| samiti : samiti arthAt samyak pravRtti, sAvadhAnIse kArya krnaa| samiti pA~ca prakArakI hai| IryA samiti-cAra hAtha Age dekhakara calanA / bhASA samitihita-mita-priya vacana bolnaa| eSaNA samiti-vidhipUrvaka nirdoSa AhAra lenaa| 2. jIvAd vizleSaNaM bhedaH sato naatystsNkssyH|" Aptapa0 zlo0 115 /

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182 jainadarzana AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti-dekha-zodhakara kisI vastukA rakhanA, uThAnA / utsarga samiti-dekha-zodhakara nirjantu sthAnapara malamUtrAdikA visarjana krnaa| dharma: ___ AtmasvarUpakI ora le jAnevAle aura samAjako saMdhAraNa karanevAle vicAra aura pravRttiyA~ dharma haiM / dharma daza haiN| uttama kSamA-krodhakA tyAga krnaa| krodhake kAraNa upasthita honepara vastusvarUpakA vicArakara vivekajalase use zAnta karanA / jo kSamA kAyaratAke kAraNa ho aura AtmAmeM dInatA utpanna kare vaha dharma nahIM hai, vaha kSamAbhAsa hai, dUSaNa hai| uttama mArdava-mRdutA, komalatA, vinayabhAva, mAnakA tyAga / jJAna, pUjA, kula, jAti, bala, Rddhi, tapa aura zarIra AdikI kiMcit viziSTatAke kAraNa AtmasvarUpako na bhUlanA, inakA mada na car3hane denA / ahaMkAra doSa hai aura svAbhimAna guNa / ahaMkArameM dUsarekA tiraskAra chipA hai aura svAbhimAnameM dUsareke mAnakA sammAna hai| uttama Arjava-RjutA, saralatA, mAyAcArakA tyAga / mana vacana aura kAyakI kuTilatAko chor3anA / jo manameM ho, vahI vacanameM aura tadanusAra hI kAyakI ceSTA ho, jIvana-vyavahArameM ekarUpatA ho| saralatA guNa hai aura bhoMdUpana doSa / uttama zauca-zucitA, pavitratA, nirlobha vRtti, pralobhanameM nahIM phNsnaa| lobha kaSAyakA tyAgakara manameM pavitratA laanaa| zauca guNa hai, parantu bAhya solA aura caukApaMtha Adike kAraNa cha-cha karake dUsaroMse ghRNA karanA doSa hai| uttama satya-prAmANikatA, vizvAsa-paripAlana, tathya aura spaSTa bhaassnn| saca bolanA dharma hai, parantu paranindAke abhiprAyase dasaroMke doSoMkA DhiMDhorA pITanA doSa hai| parako bAdhA pahu~cAnevAlA satya bhI kabhI doSa ho sakatA hai| uttama saMyama-indriya-vijaya aura prANi-rakSA / pA~coM indriyoMkI viSaya-pravRttipara aMkuza rakhanA, unakI nirargala pravRttiko rokanA, indriyoMko vazameM krnaa| prANiyoMkI rakSAkA dhyAna rakhate hue, khAna-pAna aura jIvana-vyavahArako ahiMsAkI bhUmikApara calAnA / saMyama guNa hai, para bhAvazUnya bAhya kriyAkANDakA atyadhika Agraha doSa hai / uttama tapa-icchAnirodha / manakI AzA aura tRSNAoMko rokakara prAyazcitta, vinaya, vaiyAvRttya ( sevA ), svAdhyAya aura vyutsarga ( parigrahatyAga ) kI ora cittavRttikA modd'naa| dhyAna karanA bhI tapa hai| upavAsa, ekAzana, rasatyAga, ekAntavAsa, mauna, kAyakleza, zarIrako sukumAra na hone denA Adi bAhya tapa haiM / icchAnivRtti karake akiMcana bananArUpa tapa guNa hai aura mAtra kAyakleza karanA, paMcAgni tapanA, haThayogakI kaThina kriyAe~ Adi bAlatapa haiN| uttama tyAga-dAna denA, tyAgakI bhUmikApara AnA / zaktya

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tattva-nirUpaNa 183 nusAra bhUkhoMko bhojana, rogIko auSadha, ajJAnanivRttike lie jJAnake sAdhana juTAnA aura prANimAtrako abhaya denaa| deza aura samAjake nirmANake liye, tana, dhana AdikA tyAga / lAbha, pUjA aura khyAti Adike uddezyase kiyA jAnevAlA tyAga yA dAna uttama tyAga nahIM hai| uttama AkiJcanya-akiJcanabhAva, bAhyapadArthoM meM mamatvakA tyAga / dhana-dhAnya Adi bAhya parigraha tathA zarIrameM yaha merA nahIM hai, AtmAkA dhana to usake caitanya Adi guNa haiM, 'nAsti me kiMcana'merA kucha nahIM, Adi bhAvanAe~ AkiJcanya haiN| bhautikatAse haTakara vizuddha AdhyAtmika dRSTi prApta karanA / uttama brahmacarya-brahma arthAt AtmasvarUpameM vicaraNa karanA / strI-sukhase virakta hokara samasta zArIrika, mAnasika aura AdhyAtmika zaktiyoMko AtmavikAsonmukha krnaa| manakI zuddhike binA kevala zArIrika brahmacarya na to zarIrako hI lAbha pahu~cAtA hai aura na mana tathA AtmAmeM hI pavitratA lAtA hai| anupekSA : sadvicAra, uttama bhAvanAe~ aura Atmacintana anuprekSA hai / jagatkI anityatA, azaraNatA, saMsArakA svarUpa, AtmAkA akelA hI phala bhoganA, dehako bhinnatA aura usakI apavitratA, rAgAdibhAvoMkI heyatA, sadAcArako upAdeyatA, lokasvarUpakA cintana aura bodhikI durlabhatA AdikA bAra-bAra vicAra karake cittako susaMskArI banAnA, jisase vaha dvandva dazAmeM samatAbhAva rakha sake / ye bhAvanAe~ cittako AsravakI orase haTAkara saMvarakI tarapha jhukAtI haiM / parISahajayaH sAdhakako bhUkha, pyAsa, ThaMDI, garamI, DA~sa-macchara, calane-phirane-sone AdimeM kaMkar3a, kA~Te AdikI bAdhAe~, badha, Akroza aura mala AdikI bAdhAoMko zAntise sahanA caahie| nagna rahakara bhI strI Adiko dekhakara prakRtistha bane rahanA, ciratapasyA karanepara bhI yadi Rddhi-siddhi nahIM hotI to tapasyAke prati anAdara nahIM honA aura yadi koI Rddhi prApta ho jAya to usakA garva nahIM karanA, kisIke satkAra-puraskArameM harSa aura apamAnameM kheda nahIM karanA, bhikSA-bhojana karate hue bhI AtmAmeM dInatA nahIM Ane denA ityAdi parISahoMke jayase cAritrameM dRr3haniSThA hotI hai aura karmoMkA Asrava ruka kara saMvara hotA hai| cAritra : ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigrahakA saMpUrNa paripAlana karanA pUrNa cAritra hai| cAritrake sAmAyika Adi aneka bheda haiN| sAmAyika-samasta

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184 jainadarzana pApakriyAoMkA tyAga aura samatAbhAvako ArAdhanA / chedopasthApanA-vratoMmeM dUSaNa laga jAnepara doSakA parihAra kara punaH vratoMmeM sthira honA / parihAravizuddhi- isa cAritrake dhAraka vyaktike zarIrameM itanA halakApana A jAtA hai ki sarvatra gamana Adi pravRttiyA~ karanepara bhI usake zarIrase jIvoMkI virAdhanA-hiMsA nahIM hotii| sUkSmasAmparAya-samasta krodhAdikaSAyoMkA nAza honepara bace hue sUkSma lobhake nAzakI bhI taiyArI krnaa| yathAkhyAta-samasta kaSAyoMke kSaya honepara jIvanmukta vyaktikA pUrNa AtmasvarUpameM vicaraNa krnaa| isa taraha gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritrase karmazatruke Aneke dvAra banda ho jAte haiM / yahI saMvara hai| 6. nirjarA tattva : ___ gupti Adise sarvataH saMvRta-surakSita vyakti Age AnevAle karmoko to roka hI detA hai, sAtha hI pUrvabaddha karmokI nirjarA karake kramazaH mokSako prApta karatA hai| nirjarA jhar3aneko kahate haiN| yaha do prakAra kI hai-eka aupakramika yA avipAka nirjarA aura dUsarI anaupakramika yA savipAka nirjraa| tapa Adi sAdhanAoMke dvArA karmoMko balAt udayameM lAkara binA phala diye jhar3A denA avipAka nirjarA hai| svAbhAvika kramase pratisamaya karmokA phala dekara jhar3ate jAnA savipAka nirjarA hai| yaha savipAka nirjarA pratisamaya hara eka prANIke hotI hI rahatI hai| isameM purAne karmoMkI jagaha nUtana karma lete jAte haiN| gupti, samiti aura khAsakara taparUpI agnise karmoM ko phala deneke pahale hI bhasma kara denA avipAka yA aupakramika nirjarA hai| 'karmoMkI gati Tala hI nahIM sakatI' yaha ekAnta niyama nahIM hai| Akhira karma haiM kyA ? apane purAne saMskAra hI vastutaH karma haiN| yadi AtmAmeM puruSArtha hai, aura vaha sAdhanA kare; to kSaNamAtrameM purAnI vAsanAe~ kSINa ho sakatI haiN| "nAbhuktaM kSIyate karma klpkottishtairpi|" arthAt 'saikar3oM kalpakAla bIta jAnepara bhI binA bhoge karmoMkA nAza nahIM ho sktaa|' yaha mata pravAhapatita sAdhAraNa prANiyoMko lAgU hotA hai| para jo AtmapuruSArthI sAdhaka haiM unakI dhyAnarUpI agni to kSaNamAtrameM samasta karmoko bhasma kara sakatI hai "dhyAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAt kurute kssnnaat|" aise aneka mahAtmA hue haiM, jinhoMne apanI sAdhanAkA itanA bala prApta kara liyA thA ki sAdhu-dIkSA lete hI unheM kaivalyakI prApti ho gaI thii| purAnI

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tattva-nirUpaNa 185 vAsanAoM aura rAga, dveSa tathA mohake kusaMskAroMko naSTa karanekA eka mAtra mukhya sAdhana hai--'dhyAna'-arthAt cittakI vRttiyoMkA nirodha karake use ekAgra krnaa| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIrane bandha ( duHkha ), bandhake kAraNa ( Asrava ), mokSa aura mokSake kAraNa ( saMvara aura nirjarA ) ina pA~ca tattvoMke sAtha-hI-sAtha usa Atmatattvake jJAnakI khAsa AvazyakatA batAI jise bandhana aura mokSa hotA hai / isI taraha usa ajIva tattvake jJAnakI bhI AvazyakatA hai jisase ba~dhakara yaha jIva anAdi kAlase svarUpacyuta ho rahA hai / mokSake sAdhana : vaidika saMskRtimeM vicAra yA tattvajJAnako mokSakA sAdhana mAnA hai jaba ki zramaNasaMskRti cAritra arthAt AcArako mokSakA sAdhana svIkAra karatI hai / yadyapi vaidika saMskRtine tattvajJAnake sAtha-hI-sAtha vairAgya aura saMnyAsako bhI muktikA aGga mAnA hai, para vairAgyakA upayoga tattvajJAnakI puSTimeM kiyA hai, arthAta vairAgyase tattvajJAna puSTa hotA hai aura phira usase mukti milatI hai| para jainatIrthaMkaroMne "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArgaH / " (ta0 sU0 1 / 1 ) samyagdarzana, samyarajJAna aura samyaka cAritrako mokSakA mArga batAyA hai| aisA samyagjJAna jo samyakcAritrakA poSaka yA vardhaka nahIM hai, mokSakA sAdhana nahIM hotaa| jo jJAna jIvanameM utarakara Atmazodhana kare, vahI mokSakA sAdhana hai| antataH sacco zraddhA aura jJAnakA phala cAritra-zuddhi hI hai / jJAna thor3A bhI ho, para yadi vaha jIvanazuddhimeM preraNA detA hai to sArthaka hai| ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa sAdhanAe~ haiM, mAtra jJAnarUpa nahIM haiM / korA jJAna bhAra hI hai yadi vaha Atmazodhana nahIM krtaa| tattvoMkI dRr3ha zraddhA arthAt samyagdarzana mokSamahalakI pahilI sIr3hI hai| bhaya, AzA, sneha aura lobhase jo zraddhA cala aura malina ho jAtI hai vaha zraddhA andhavizvAsakI sImAmeM hI hai / jIvanta zraddhA vaha hai jisameM prANoM takakI bAjI lagAkara tattvako kAyama rakhA jAtA hai| usa parama avagAr3ha dRr3ha niSThAko duniyAkA koI bhI pralobhana vicalita nahIM kara sakatA, use hilA nahIM sktaa| isa jyotike jagate hI sAdhakako apane lakSyakA spaSTa darzana hone lagatA hai| use pratikSaNa bhedavijJAna aura svAnubhUti hotI hai| vaha samajhatA hai ki dharma AtmasvarUpakI prAptimeM hai, na ki zuSka bAhya kriyAkANDameM / isaliye usakI pariNati eka vilakSaNa prakArakI ho jAtI hai| AtmakalyANa, samAjahita, dezanirmANa aura mAnavatAke uddhArakA spaSTa mArga usakI A~khoMmeM jhUlatA hai aura vaha usake liye prANoMkI bAjI taka lagA detA hai / svarUpajJAna aura svAdhikArakI maryAdAkA jJAna samyagjJAna hai| aura

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186 jainadarzana apane adhikAra aura svarUpakI surakSAke anukUla jIvanavyavahAra banAnA samyakcAritra hai / tAtparya yaha ki AtmAkI vaha pariNati samyakacAritra hai jisameM kevala apane guNa aura paryAyoM taka hI apanA adhikAra mAnA jAtA hai aura jIvanavyavahArameM tadanukUla hI pravRtti hotI hai, dUsareke adhikAroMko har3apanekI bhAvanA bhI nahIM hotii| yaha vyaktisvAtantryakI svAvalambI caryA hI parama samyakacAritra hai / ataH zramaNasaMskRtine jIvanasAdhanA ahiMsAke maulika samatvapara pratiSThita kI hai, aura prANimAtrake abhaya aura jIvita rahanekA satata vicAra kiyA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAnase paripuSTa samyakcAritra hI mokSakA sAkSAt sAdhana hotA hai|

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8. pramANamomAMsA jJAna aura darzana : ___jar3a padArthoMse AtmAko bhinna karanevAlA AtmAkA guNa aura svarUpa caitanya hai, yaha bAta siddha hai| yahI caitanya avasthAvizeSameM nirAkAra rahakara 'darzana' kahalAtA hai aura sAkAra hokara 'jJAna' / AtmAke ananta guNoMmeM yaha caitanyAtmaka upayoga hI aisA asAdhAraNa guNa hai, jisase AtmA lakSita hotA hai| jaba yaha upayoga Atmetara padArthoMko jAnaneke samaya jJeyAkAra yA sAkAra hotA hai; taba usakI jJAna-paryAya vikasita hotI hai aura jaba vaha bAhya padArthoM meM upayukta na hokara mAtra caitanyarUpa rahatA hai, taba nirAkAra avasthAmeM darzana kahalAtA hai / yadyapi dArzanika kAlameM 'darzana' kI vyAkhyA badalI hai aura vaha caitanyAkArakI paridhiko lA~dhakara padArthoM ke sAmAnyAvalokana taka phuNcii| parantu siddhAnta-granthoMmeM 'darzanakA varNana antaraMgArthaviSayaka aura nirAkAra rUpase milatA hai| darzanakA kAla viSaya aura viSayI ( indriyA~ ) ke sannipAtake pahale hai| jaba AtmA amuka padArthaviSayaka jJAnopayogase haTakara anyapadArthaviSayaka jJAnameM pravRtta hotA hai taba bIcakI vaha caitanyAkAra yA nirAkAra avasthA darzana kahalAtI hai, jisameM jJeyakA pratibhAsa nahIM hotaa| dArzanika granthoMmeM darzanakA kAla3 viSaya aura viSayIke sannipAtake anantara hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki padArthake sAmAnyAvalokanake rUpameM darzanakI prasiddhi huI / bauddhakA nirvikalpaka jJAna aura naiyAyikAdisammata nirvikalpapratyakSa yahI hai / 1. "tataH sAmAnyavizeSAtmakabAhyArthagrahaNaM jJAnaM tadAtmakasvarUpagrahaNaM darzanamiti siddham / ... bhAvAnAM bAhyArthAnAmAkAraM pratikarmavyavasthAmakRtvA yad grahaNaM tad darzanam (pR0 147 ) prakAzavRttiA darzanam / asya gamanikA-prakAzo jJAnam , tadarthamAtmano vRttiH prakAzavRttiH tadarzanam , viSayaviSayisampAtAt pUrvAvasthA ityrthH| (pR0 149) naite doSAH darzanamA Daukante, tasya antaraGgArthaviSayatvAt / " -dhavalA TIkA, satprarU0 prathama pustaka / 2. "uttarazAnotpattinimittaM yatprayatnaM tadrapaM yat svasyAtmanaH paricchedanamavalokanaM tadarzanaM bhnnyte| tadanantaraM yadbahirviSayavikalparUpeNa padArthagrahaNaM tajjJAnamiti vAttikam / yathA ko'pi puruSo ghaTaviSayavikalpaM kurvannAste, pazcAt paTaparijJAnArthaM citte jAte sati ghaTavikalpAd vyAvRttya yat svarUpe prathamamavalokanaM paricchedanaM karoti taddarzanamiti / tadanantaraM paTo'yamiti nizcayaM yad bahirviSayarUpeNa padArthagrahaNavikalpaM karoti tajjJAnaM bhnnyte|" -bRhadrvyasaM0 TI0 gA0 43 / 3. "viSayaviSayisannipAte sati darzanaM bhavati / " sarvArthasi0 1115 /

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188 jainadazana pramANAdivyavasthAkA AdhAra : jJAna, pramANa aura pramANAbhAsa inakI vyavasthA bAhya arthake pratibhAsa karane, aura pratibhAsake anusAra bAhya padArthake prApta hone aura na hone para nirbhara karatI hai| jisa jJAnakA pratibhAsita padArtha ThIka usI rUpameM mila jAya, jisa rUpameM ki usakA bodha huA hai to vaha jJAna pramANa kahA jAtA hai anya pramANAbhAsa / yahA~ mukhya prazna yaha hai ki pramANAbhAsoMmeM jo 'darzana' ginAyA gayA hai vaha kyA yahI nirAkAra caitanyarUpa darzana hai ? jisa caitanyameM padArthakA sparza hI nahIM huA usa caitanyako jJAnakI vizeSakakSA--pramANa aura pramANAbhAsameM dAkhila karanA kisI taraha ucita nahIM hai| ye vyavahAra to jJAnameM hote haiM / darzana to pramANa aura pramANAbhAsase parekI vastu hai / viSaya aura viSayoke sannipAtake bAda jo sAmAnyAvalokanarUpa darzana hai vaha to bauddha aura naiyAyikoMke nirvikalpa jJAnakI taraha vastusparzI honese pramANa aura pramANAbhAsakI vivecanAke kSetrameM A jAtA hai / usa sAmAnyavastugrAhI darzanako pramANAbhAsa isalie kahA hai ki vaha kisI vastukA vyavasAya arthAt nirNaya nahIM krtaa| vaha sAmAnya aMzakA bhI mAtra Alocana hI karatA hai; nizcaya nhiiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha, naiyAyikAdi-sammata nirvikalpako pramANase bahirbhUta arthAt pramANAbhAsa mAnA gayA hai / ____ Agamika kSetrameM jJAnako samyaktva aura mithyAtva mAnaneke AdhAra jude haiM / vahA~ to jo jJAna mithyAdarzanakA sahacArI hai vaha mithyA aura jo samyagdarzanakA sahabhAvI hai vaha samyaka kahalAtA hai| yAnI mithyAdarzanavAlekA vyavahArasatya pramANajJAna bhI mithyA hai aura samyagdarzanavAlekA vyavahArameM asatya apramANa jJAna bhI samyaka hai| tAtparya yaha ki samyagdRSTikA pratyeka jJAna mokSamArgopayogI honeke kAraNa samyaka hai aura mithyAdRSTikA pratyeka jJAna saMsArameM bhaTakAnevAlA honese mithyA hai| parantu dArzanika kSetrameM jJAnake mokSopayogI yA saMsAravardhaka honeke AdhArase pramANatA-apramANatAkA vicAra prastuta nahIM hai| yahA~ to pratibhAsita viSayakA avyabhicArI honA hI pramANatAkI kuJjI hai| jisa jJAnakA pratibhAsita padArtha jaisA-kA-taisA mila jAtA hai vaha avisaMvAdA jJAna satya hai aura pramANa hai; zeSa apramANa haiM, bhale hI unakA upayoga saMsArameM ho yA mokSameM / 1. dekho, parIkSAmukha 6 / 1 / 2. "matizrutAvadhayo viparyayazca"-ta. sU0 1131 / 3. "yathA yatrAvisaMvAdastathA tatra prmaanntaa|"-siddhivi0 1120 /

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pramANamImAMsA 189 AgamoMmeM jo pA~ca jJAnoMkA varNana AtA hai vaha jJAnAvaraNakarmake kSayopazamase yA kSayase prakaTa honevAlI jJAnakI avasthAoMkA nirUpaNa hai| AtmAke 'jJAna' guNako eka jJAnAvaraNakarma rokatA hai aura isIke kSayopazamake tAratamyase mati, zruta, avadhi aura manaHparyaya ye cAra jJAna prakaTa hote haiM aura sampUrNa jJAnAvaraNakA kSaya ho jAne para nirAvaraNa kevalajJAnakA AvirbhAva hotA hai| isI taraha matijJAnAvaraNakarmake kSayopazamase honevAlI mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha Adi matijJAna kI avasthAoMkA aneka rUpase vivecana milatA hai.' jo matijJAnake vividha AkAra aura prakAroMkA nirdeza mAtra hai / vaha nirdeza bhI tattvAdhigama ke upayogoMke rUpameM hai| jina tattvoMkA zraddhAna aura jJAna karake mokSamArgameM juTA jA sakatA hai una tattvoMkA adhigama jJAnase hI to saMbhava hai| yahI jJAna pramANa aura nayake rUpase adhigamake upAyoMko do rUpameM vibhAjita kara detA hai| yAnI tattvAdhigamake do mUla bheda hote haiM-pramANa aura naya / inhIM pA~ca jJAnoMkA pratyakSa aura parokSa ina do pramANoMke rUpameM vibhAjana bhI Agamika paramparAmeM pahalese hI rahA hai; kintu yahA~ pratyakSatA aura parokSatAkA AdhAra bilakula bhinna hai| jo jJAna svAvalambI hai-indriya aura manakI sahAyatAkI bhI apekSA nahIM karatA, vaha AtmamAtrasApekSa jJAna pratyakSa hai aura indriya tathA manase utpanna honevAlA jJAna prokss| isa taraha Agamika kSetrake samyaka-mithyA vibhAga aura pratyakSa-parokSa vibhAgake AdhAra dArzanika kSetrase bilakula hI jude prakArake haiN| jaina dArzanikoMke sAmane uparyukta Agamika paramparAko dArzanika DhA~cemeM DhAlanekA mahAna kAryakrama thA, jise suvyavasthita rUpameM nibhAnekA prayatna kiyA gayA hai| pramANakA svarUpa : pramANakA sAmAnyatayA vyutpattilabhya artha hai-"pramIyate yena tatpramANam' arthAt jisake dvArA padArthoM kA jJAna ho usa dvArakA nAma pramANa hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM jo pramANakA sAdhakatama karaNa ho vaha pramANa hai| isa sAmAnyanirvacanameM koI vivAda na hone para bhI usa dvArameM vivAda haiN| naiyAyikAdi pramAmeM sAdhakatama indriya aura sannikarSako mAnate haiM jaba ki jaina aura bauddha jJAnako hI pramAmeM sAdhakatama kahate haiN| jainadarzanakI dRSTi hai ki jAnanA yA pramArUpa kriyA cuMki cetana hai, ataH usameM sAdhakatama usIkA guNa-jJAna hI ho sakatA hai, acetana sannikarSAdi nahIM, kyoMki sannikarSAdike rahane para bhI jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA aura sanni 1. ta0 sU0 1113 / nandI pra0 mati0 gA0 80 /

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190 jainadarzana karSAdike abhAvameM bhI jJAna utpanna ho jAtA hai / ataH jAnanerUpa kriyAkA sAkSAtaavyavahita karaNa jJAna hI hai, sannikarSAdi nhiiN| pramiti yA pramA ajJAnanivRttirUpa hotI hai| isa ajJAnanivRttimeM ajJAnakA virodhI jJAna hI karaNa ho sakatA hai. jaise ki aMdhakArakI nivRttimeM aMdhakArakA virodhI prakAza / indriya', sannikarSAdi svayaM acetana haiM, ata eva ajJAnarUpa honeke kAraNa pramitimeM sAkSAt karaNa nahIM ho skte| yadyapi kahIM-kahIM indriya-sannikarSAdi jJAnakI utpAdaka sAmagrImeM zAmila haiM, para sArvatrika aura sArvakAlika anvaya-vyatireka na milaneke kAraNa unakI kAraNatA avyApta ho jAtI hai / antataH indriyAdi jJAnake utpAdaka bhI hoM; phira bhI jAnane rUpa kriyAmeM sAdhakata matA-avyavahitakAraNatA jJAnakI hI hai, na ki jJAnase vyavahita indriyaadikii| jaise ki andhakArakI nivRttimeM dIpaka hI sAdhakatama ho sakatA hai, na ki tela, battI aura diyA Adi / sAmAnyatayA jo kiyA jisa guNakI paryAya hotI hai usameM vahI guNa sAdhakatama ho sakatA hai / cUMki 'jAnAti kriyA'jAnanerUpa kriyA jJAnaguNakI paryAya hai, ataH usameM avyavahita karaNa jJAna hI ho sakatA hai| pramANa cUMki hitaprApti aura ahitaparihAra karane meM samartha hai, ataH vaha jJAna hI ho sakatA hai / __jJAnakA sAmAnya dharma hai apane svarUpako jAnate hue parapadArthako jAnanA / vaha avasthAvizeSameM parako jAne yA na jaane| para apane svarUpako to hara hAlatameM jAnatA hI hai / jJAna cAhe pramANa ho, saMzaya ho, viparyaya ho yA anadhyavasAya Adi kisI bhI rUpameM kyoM na ho, vaha bAhyArthameM visaMvAdI honepara bhI apane svarUpako avazya jAnegA aura svarUpameM avisaMvAdI hI hogaa| yaha nahIM ho sakatA ki jJAna ghaTapaTAdi padArthokI taraha ajJAta rUpameM utpanna ho jAya aura pIche mana Adike dvArA usakA grahaNa ho| vaha to dIpakakI taraha jagamagAtA huA hI utpanna hotA hai| svasaMvedI honA jJAnasAmAnyakA dharma hai| ata: saMzayAdijJAnoMmeM jJAnAMzakA anubhava apane Apa usI jJAnake dvArA hotA hai| yadi jJAna apane svarUpako na jAne, yAnI vaha svayaMke pratyakSa na ho; to usake dvArA padArthakA bodha bhI nahIM ho sktaa| jaise ki devadattako yajJadattakA jJAna apratyakSa hai arthAt svasaMvidita nahIM hai to usake dvArA use arthakA bodha nahIM hotaa| usI taraha yadi yajJadattako svayaM apanA jJAna usI taraha apratyakSa ho jisa prakAra ki devadattako hai to devadattakI taraha yajJadattako 1. "sannikarSAderajJAnasya prAmANyamanupapannamarthAntaravat / " -laghI0 stravR0 1 / 3 / 2. "hitAhitaprAptiparihArasamartha hi pramANaM tato zAnameva tat / " --parIkSAmukha 112 /

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pramANamImAMsA apane jJAnake dvArA bhI padArthakA bodha nahIM ho skegaa| jo jJAna apane svarUpakA hI pratibhAsa karane meM asamartha hai vaha parakA avabodhaka kaise ho sakatA hai ?' svarUpakI dRSTise sabhI jJAna pramANa haiM / pramANatA aura apramANatAkA vibhAga bAhya arthakI prApti aura aprAptise sambandha rakhatA hai| svarUpakI dRSTise to na koI jJAna pramANa hai aura na pramANAbhAsa / pramANa aura naya: tattvArthasUtra ( 116 ) meM jina adhigamake upAyoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai unameM pramANa aura nayake nirdeza karanekA eka dUsarA kAraNa bhI hai| pramANa samagra vastuko akhaNDarUpase grahaNa karatA hai / vaha bhale hI kisI eka guNake dvArA padArthako jAnanekA upakrama kare, parantu usa guNake dvArA vaha sampUrNa vastuko hI grahaNa karatA hai| A~khake dvArA dekhI jAnevAlI vastu yadyapi rUpamukhena dekhI jAtI hai, para pramANajJAna rUpake dvArA pUrI vastuko hI samagrabhAvase jAnatA hai| isIlie pramANako sakalAdezI kahate hai / vaha hara hAlatameM sakala vastukA hI grAhaka hotA hai| usameM gauNamukhyabhAva itanA hI hai ki vaha bhinna-bhinna samayoMmeM amuka-amuka indriyoMke grAhya vibhinna guNoMke dvArA pUrI vastuko jAnanekA prayAsa karatA hai / jo guNa jisa samaya indriyajJAnakA viSaya hotA hai usa guNakI mukhyatA itanI hI hai ki usake dvArA pUrI vastu gRhIta ho rahI hai| yaha nahIM ki usameM rUpa mukhya ho aura rasAdi gauNa, kintu rUpake chorase samasta vastupaTa dekhA jA rahA hai| jaba ki nayameM rUpa mukhya hotA hai aura rasAdi gauNa / nayameM vahI dharma pradhAna banakara anubhavakA viSaya hotA hai, jisakI vivakSA yA apekSA hotI hai| naya pramANake dvArA gRhIta samasta aura akhaNDa vastuko khaNDa-khaNDa karake usake eka-eka dezako mukhyarUpase grahaNa karatA hai| pramANa ghaTako "ghaTo'yam'ke rUpameM samagra-kA-samagna jAnatA hai jaba ki naya "rUpavAn ghaTaH" karake ghar3eko kevala rUpakI dRSTise dekhatA hai / 'ra pavAn ghaTa:' isa prayogameM yadyapi eka rUpaguNakI pradhAnatA dikhatI hai, parantu yadi isa vAkyameM rUpake dvArA pUre ghaTako jAnanekA abhiprAya hai to yaha vAkya sakalAdezI hai aura yadi kevala ghaTake rUpako hI jAnanekA abhiprAya hai to vaha mAtra rUpagrAhI honese vikalAdezI ho jAtA hai| 1. "bhAvaprameyApekSAyAM pramANAbhAsanihnavaH / bahiHprameyApekSAyAM pramANaM tannibhaM ca te // " -AptamI0 zlo0 83 / 2. "tathA coktaM sakalAdezaH pramANAdhInaH" sarvArthasi0 106 /

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192 jainadarzana vibhinna lakSaNa: __ isa taraha sAmAnyatayA jaina paramparAmeM jJAnako hI pramAkA karaNa mAnA hai| vaha pramANajJAna sampUrNa vastuko grahaNa karatA hai / usameM jJAnasAmAnyakA svasaMveditva dharma bhI rahatA hai| pramANa honese use avisaMvAdI bhI avazya hI honA caahie| visaMvAda arthAta saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya / ina tInoM visaMvAdoMse rahita avisaMvAdI samyagjJAna pramANa hotA hai| AcArya samantabhadra aura siddhasenake pramANalakSaNameM 'svaparAvabhAsaka' pada prayukta huA hai|3 samantabhadrane usa tattvajJAnako bhI pramANa kahA hai jo eka sAtha sabakA avabhAsaka hotA hai / isa lakSaNameM kevala svarUpakA nirdeza hai / akalaMka aura mANikyanandine pramANako anadhigatArthagrAhI aura apUrvArthavyavasAyI kahA hai| parantu5 vidyAnandakA spaSTa mata hai ki jJAna cAhe apUrva padArthako jAne yA gRhIta arthako, vaha svArthavyavasAyAtmaka honese pramANa hI hai / gRhItagrAhitA koI dUSaNa nahIM hai / avisaMvAdako prAyika sthiti : ___ akalaMkadevane avisaMvAdako pramANatAkA AdhAra mAna karake eka vizeSa bAta yaha kahI hai ki hamAre jJAnoMmeM pramANatA aura apramANatAkI saMkIrNa sthiti hai / koI bhI jJAna ekAntase pramANa yA apramANa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| indriyadoSase honevAlA dvicandrajJAna bhI candrAMzameM avisaMvAdI honeke kAraNa pramANa hai, para dvitva-aMzameM visaMvAdI honeke kAraNa apramANa / parvatapara candramAkA dikhanA candrAMzameM hI pramANa hai, parvatasthitarUpameM nhiiN| isa taraha hamAre jJAnoMmeM aikAntika pramANatA yA apramANatAkA nirNaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'taba vyavahArameM kisI 1. "svaparAvabhAsakaM yathA pramANaM bhuvi buddhilakSaNam / " / -bRhatsva0 zlo0 63 / 2. "pramANaM svaparAbhAsi jJAnaM bAdhavivarjitam / " ___-nyAyAvatA0 zlo0 1 / 3. "tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapat sarvabhAsakam / " -AptamI0 zlo0 101 / 4. "pramANamavisaMvAdizAnamanadhiMgatArthAdhigamalakSaNatvAt / " -aSTaza0, aSTasaha0 pR0 175 / "svApUrvArthavyavasAyAtmakaM jJAnaM pramANam / " -parIkSAmukha 1 / 1 / 5. "gRhItamagRhItaM vA yadi svArtha vyavasyati / tanna loke na zAstreSu vijahAti pramANatAm // " -tattvArthazlo0 1 / 10 / 78 /

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pramANamImAMsA 193 jJAnako pramANa yA apramANa kahanekA kyA AdhAra mAnA jAya ?' isa praznakA uttara yaha hai ki jJAnoMkI prAyaH sAdhAraNa sthiti honepara bhI jisa jJAnameM avisaMvAdakI bahulatA ho use pramANa mAnA jAya tathA visaMvAdakI bahulatAmeM apramANa / jaise ki itra Adike pudgaloMmeM rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza rahane para bhI gandha guNakI utkaTatAke kAraNa unheM 'gandha dravya' kahate haiM, usI taraha avisaMvAdakI bahulatAse pramANavyavahAra ho jaaygaa| akalaMkadevake isa vicArakA eka hI kAraNa mAlUma hotA hai ki unake matase indriyajanya kSAyopazamika jJAnoMkI sthiti pUrNa vizvasanIya nahIM mAnI jA sktii| svalpazaktika indriyoMkI vicitra racanAke kAraNa indriyoMke dvArA pratibhAsita padArtha anyathA bhI hotA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki Agamika paramparAmeM indriya aura manojanya matijJAna aura zrutajJAnako pratyakSa na kahakara parokSa hI kahA gayA hai / akalaMkadevake isa vicArako uttarakAlIna dArzanikoMne apanAyA ho, yaha nahIM mAlUma hotA, para svayaM akalaMka isa vicArako AptamImAMsAkI TIkA aSTazatI', laghIyastrayasvavRttire aura siddhivinizcayameM dRr3ha vizvAsake sAtha upasthita karate haiN| tadAkAratA pramANa nahIM: bauddha paraMparAmeM jJAnako svasaMvedo svIkAra to kiyA hai parantu pramAke kAraNake rUpameM sArUpya tadAkAratA yA yogyatAkA nirdeza milatA hai / jJAnagata yogyatA yA jJAnagata sArUpya antataH jJAnasvarUpa hI hai, ataH pariNamanameM koI vizeSa antara na hone para bhI jJAnakA padArthAkAra honA eka pahelI hI hai / 'amUrtika jJAna mUrtika 1. 'yenAkAreNa tattvaparicchedaH tadapekSayA prAmANyamiti / tena pratyakSatadAbhAsayorapi prAyazaH saMkIrNaprAmANyetarasthitirunnetavyA / prasiddhAnupahatendriyadRSTerapi candrArkAdiSu dezapratyAsatyAdyabhUtAkArAvabhAsanAt / tathopahatAkSAderapi saMkhyAdivisaMvAde'pi candrAdisvabhAvatattvopalambhAt / tatprakarSApekSayA vyapadezavyavasthA gandhadravyAdivat / -aSTaza0, aSTasaha0 pR0 277 / 2. "timirAdya paplavazAnaM candrAdAvavisaMvAdakaM pramANaM tathA tatsaMkhyAdau visaMvAdakatvAdapramANaM pramANetaravyavasthAyAstallakSaNatvAt / " -laghI0 sva0 zlo0 23 / 3. "yathA yatrAvisaMvAdastathA tatra pramANatA / ' -siddhivi0 1 / 20 / 4. "svasaMvittiH phalaM cAtra tAdrapAdarthanizcayaH / viSayAkAra evAsya pramANaM tena mIyate |"-prmaannsmu0 pR0 24 / "pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vaa|"-tttvsN0 zlo0 1344 / 13

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194 jainadarzana padArthoke AkAra kaise hotA hai ?' isa praznakA puSTa samAdhAna to nahIM miltaa| jJAnake jJeyAkAra honekA artha itanA hI ho sakatA hai ki vaha usa jJeyako jAnaneke lie apanA vyApAra kara rahA hai| phira, kisI bhI jJAnakI vaha avasthA, jisameM jJeyakA pratibhAsa ho rahA hai, pramANa hI hogI, yaha nizcita rUpase nahIM kahA jA sakatA / sIpameM cA~dIkA pratibhAsa karanevAlA jJAna yadyapi upayogakI dRSTise padArthAkAra ho rahA hai, para pratibhAsake anusAra vAhyArthako prApti na honeke kAraNa use pramANa-koTimeM nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| saMzayAdijJAna bhI to Akhira padArthAkAra hote hI haiN| isa taraha jainAcAryoMke dvArA kiye gaye pramANake vibhinna lakSaNoMse yaha phalita hotA hai ki jJAnako svasaMvedI honA caahie| vaha gRhItagrAhI ho yA apUrvArthagrAhI, para avisaMvAdI honeke kAraNa pramANa hai| uttarakAlIna jaina' AcAryoMne pramANakA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa karate samaya kevala 'samyagjJAna' aura 'samyagarthanirNaya' yahI pada pasanda kiye haiN| pramANake anya lakSaNoMmeM pAye jAnevAle nizcita, bAdhavajita, aduSTakAraNajanyatva, lokasammatatva, avyabhicArI aura vyavasAyAtmaka Adi vizeSaNa 'samyak' isa eka hI sarvAvagAhI vizeSaNapadase gRhIta ho jAte haiM / anizcita, bAdhita, duSTakaraNajanya, lokabAdhita, vyabhicArI, anirNayAtmaka, sandigdha, viparyaya aura avyutpanna Adi jJAna 'samyak' kI sImAko nahIM chU sakate / samyagjJAna to svarUpa aura utpatti Adi sabhI dRSTiyoMse samyak hI hogaa| use avisaMvAdI yA vyavasAyAtmaka Adi kisI zabdase vyavahArameM lA sakate haiN| __ pramANazabda caMki karaNasAdhana hai, ataH kartA-pramAtA, karma-prameya aura kriyA-pramiti ye pramANa nahIM hote| prameyakA pramANa na honA to spaSTa hai / pramiti, pramANa aura pramAtA dravyadRSTise yadyapi abhinna mAlUma hote haiM, parantu paryAyakI dRSTise ina tInoMkA paraspara meM bheda spaSTa hai / yadyapi vahI AtmA pramitikriyAmeM vyApata honeke kAraNa pramAtA kahalAtA hai aura vaha kriyA pramiti: phira bhI pramANa AtmAkA vaha svarUpa hai jo pramitikriyAmeM sAdhakatama karaNa hotA hai| ataH pramANavicArameM vahI karaNabhUta paryAya grahaNa kI jAtI hai| aura isa taraha pramANazabdakA karaNArthaka jJAnapadake sAtha sAmAnAdhikaraNya bhI siddha ho jAtA hai| 1. samyagarthanirNayaH pramANam |"-prmaannmii0 1 / 1 / 2 / "samyagjJAnaM pramANam |"-'yaaydii0 pR0 3 /

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195 pramANamImAMsA sAmagrI pramANa nahIM: vRddha naiyAyikoMne jJAnAtmaka aura ajJAnAtmaka donoM prakArakI sAmagrIko pramAke karaNarUpameM svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki arthopalabdhirUpa kArya sAmagrIse utpanna hotA hai aura isa sAmagrImeM indriya, mana, padArtha, prakAza Adi ajJAnAtmaka vastue~ bhI jJAnake sAtha kAma karatI haiN| anvaya aura vyatireka bhI isI sAmagrIke sAtha hI milatA hai| sAmagrIkA eka choTA bhI purajA yadi na ho to sArI mazIna bekAra ho jAtI hai| kisI bhI choTe-se kAraNake haTanepara kArya ruka jAtA hai aura sabake milane para hI utpanna hotA hai taba kise sAdhakatama kahA jAya ? sabhI apanI-apanI jagaha usake ghaTaka haiM aura sabhI sAkalyarUpase pramAke karaNa haiM / isa sAmagrImeM ve hI kAraNa sammilita haiM jinakA kAryake sAtha vyatireka milatA hai / ghaTajJAnameM prameyakI jagaha ghaTa hI zAmila ho sakatA hai, paTa Adi nhiiN| isI taraha jo paramparAse kAraNa haiM ve bhI isa sAmagrI meM zAmila nahIM kiye jaate| jaina dArzanikoMne sAmAnyatayA sAmagrIkI kAraNatA svIkAra karake bhI vRddha naiyAyikoMke sAmagrIprAmANyavAda yA kArakasAkalyakI pramANatAkA khaNDana karate hue spaSTa likhA hai ki jJAnako sAdhakatama karaNa kahakara hama sAmagrIkI anupayogitA yA vyarthatA siddha nahIM kara rahe haiM, kintu hamArA yaha abhiprAya hai ki indriyAdisAmagrI jJAnakI utpattimeM to sAkSAt 'kAraNa hotI hai, para pramA arthAt arthopalabdhimeM sAdhakatama karaNa to utpanna huA jJAna hI ho sakatA hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM zeSa sAmagrI jJAnako utpanna karake hI kRtArtha ho jAtI hai, jJAnako utpanna kiye binA vaha sIdhe arthopalabdhi nahIM karA sakatI / vaha jJAnake dvArA hI arthAt jJAnase vyavahita hokara hI arthopalabdhimeM kAraNa kahI jA sakatI hai, sAkSAt nhiiN| isa taraha paramparA kAraNoMko yadi sAdhakatama koTimeM lene lage, to jisa AhAra yA gAyake dUdhase indriyoMko puSTi milatI hai usa AhAra aura dUdha denevAlI gAyako bhI arthopalabdhimeM sAdhakatama kahanA hogA, aura isa taraha kAraNoMkA koI pratiniyama hI nahIM raha jaaygaa| __ yadyapi arthopalabdhi aura jJAna do pRthak vastue~ nahIM haiM phira bhI sAdhanako dRSTise unameM paryAya aura paryAyIkA bheda hai hii| pramA bhAvasAdhana hai aura vaha 1. "avyabhicAriNIma sandigdhAmoM palabdhi vidadhatI bodhAbodhasvabhAvA sAmagrI pramANam / nyAyamaM0 pR0 12 / 2. 'tasyAjJAnarUpasya prameyArthavat straparaparicchittau sAdhakatamatvAbhAvataH pramANatvAyogAt / tatparicchittau sAdhakatamatvasya ajJAnavirodhinA jJAnena vyAptatvAt |'-prmeyk0 pR0 8 / /

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196 jainadarzana pramANakA phala hai, jaba ki jJAna karaNasAdhana hai aura svayaM karaNabhUta-pramANa hai| avaziSTa sArI sAmagrI kA upayoga isa pramANabhUta jJAnako utpanna karanemeM hotA hai / yAnI sAmagrI jJAnako utpanna karatI hai aura jJAna jAnatA hai| yadi jJAnakI taraha zeSa sAmagrI bhI svabhAvataH jAnanevAlI hotI to use bhI jJAnake sAtha 'sAdhakatama' padapara baiThAyA jA sakatA thA aura pramANasaMjJA dI jA sakatI thii| vaha sAmagrIyuddhavIrakI jananI ho sakatI hai, svayaM yoddhA nhiiN| sIdhI-sI bAta hai ki pramiti cUMki cetanAtmaka hai aura cetanakA dharma hai, ataH usa cetana kriyAkA sAdhakatama cetanadharma hI ho sakatA hai / vaha ajJAnako haTAnevAlI hai, ataH usakA sAdhakatama ajJAnakA virodhI jJAna hI ho sakatA hai, ajJAna nhiiN| indriyavyApAra bhI pramANa nahIM : isI taraha' sAMkhyasammata indriyoMkA vyApAra bhI pramANa nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; kyoMki vyApAra bhI indriyoMkI taraha acetana aura ajJAnarUpa hI hogA, jJAnAtmaka nahIM / aura ajJAnarUpa vyApAra pramAmeM sAdhakatama na honese pramANa nahIM ho sakatA, ataH samyagjJAna hI ekAntarUpase pramANa ho sakatA hai, anya nahIM / prAmANya-vicAra : pramANa jisa padArthako jisa rUpameM jAnatA hai usakA usI rUpameM prApta honA yAnI pratibhAta viSayakA avyabhicArI honA prAmANya kahalAtA hai| yaha pramANakA dharma hai| isakI utpatti unhIM kAraNoMse hotI hai jina kAraNoMse pramANa utpanna hotA hai| aprAmANya bhI isI taraha apramANake kAraNoMse hI paidA hotA hai / prAmANya ho yA aprAmANya, usakI utpatti parase hI hotI hai| 2jJapti abhyAsadazAmeM svataH aura anabhyAsadazAmeM kisI svataH pramANabhUt jJAnAntarase yAnI parataH huA karatI hai| jaise jina sthAnoMkA hameM paricaya hai una jalAzayAdimeM honevAlA jalajJAna yA marIcijJAna apane Apa apanI pramANatA aura apramANatA batA detA hai, kintu aparicita sthAnoMmeM honevAle jJAnakI pramANatAkA jJAna panahAriyoMkA pAnI bharakara lAnA, meMDhakoMkA TarrAnA yA kamalakI gandhakA AnA Adi jalake avinAbhAvI svataH pramANabhUta jJAnoMse hI hotA hai| isI taraha jisa vaktAke guNa-doSoMkA hameM paricaya hai usake vacanoMkI pramANatA aura apramANalA to hama svataH jAna lete haiM, para anyake vacanoMkI pramANatAke lie hameM dUsare saMvAda Adi kAraNoMkI apekSA hotI hai| 1. dekho, yogada0 vyAsabhA0 pR0 27 / 2. 'tatprAmANyaM svataH paratazca |'-priikssaamukh 1 / 13 /

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pramANamImAMsA 197 mImAMsaka vedako apauruSeya mAnakara use svataH pramANa kahate haiN| usakA pradhAna kAraNa yaha hai ki veda, dharma aura usake niyama upaniyamoMkA pratipAdana karanevAlA hai| dharmAdi atIndriya haiN| kisI puruSameM jJAnakA itanA vikAsa nahIM ho sakatA, jo vaha atIndriyadarzI ho ske| yadi puruSoMmeM jJAnakA prakarSa yA unake anubhavoMko atIndriya sAkSAtkArakA adhikArI mAnA jAtA hai to paristhitivizeSameM dharmAdike svarUpakA vividha prakArase vivecana hI nahIM, nirmANa bhI saMbhava ho sakatA hai, aura isa taraha vedake nirbAdha ekAdhikArameM bAdhA A sakatI hai| vaktAke guNoMse vacanoMmeM pramANatA AtI hai aura doSoMse apramANatA, isa sarvamAnya siddhAntako svIkAra karake bhI mImAMsakane vedako doSoMse mukta arthAt nirdoSa kahanekA eka nayA tarIkA nikaalaa| usane kahA ki 'zabdake doSa vaktAke adhIna hote haiM aura unakA abhAva yadyapi sAdhAraNatayA vaktAke guNoMse hI hotA hai kintu yadi vaktA hI na mAnA jAya to nirAzraya doSoMkI sambhAvanA zabdameM nahIM raha jaatii|' isa taraha jaba zabdameM vaktAkA abhAva mAnakara doSoMkI nivRtti kara dI gaI aura unheM svataH pramANa mAna liyA gayA, taba isI paddhatiko anya pramANoMmeM bhI lagAnA par3A aura yahA~ taka kalpanA karanA par3I ki guNa apanemeM svatantra vastu hI nahIM haiM kintu ve doSAbhAvarUpa haiN| ataH apramANatA to doSoMse AtI hai para pramANatA doSoMkA abhAva honese svataH A jAtI hai| jJAnako utpanna karanevAle jo bhI kAraNa haiM unase pramANatA to utpanna hotI hai para apramANatAmeM una kAraNoMse atirikta 'doSa' bhI apekSita hote haiN| yAnI nirmalatA cakSu AdikA svarUpa hai, svarUpase atirikta koI guNa nahIM hai| jahA~ atirikta doSa mila jAtA hai, vahA~ apramANatA doSakRta honese parataH hotI hai aura jahA~ doSakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai vahA~ pramANatA svataH hI AtI hai| zabdameM bhI isI taraha svataH prAmANya svIkAra karake jahA~ vaktAke doSa A jAte haiM vahA~ apramANatA doSaprayukta honese parataH mAnI jAtI hai| ___ mImAMsaka IzvaravAdI nahIM haiM, ataH vedakI pramANatA IzvaramUlaka to ve mAna hI nahIM sakate the| ataH unake sAmane eka hI mArga raha jAtA hai vedako svataHpramANa maannekaa| naiyAyikAdi' vedakI pramANatA usake IzvarakartRka honese parataH hI mAnate haiM / 1. 'pramAyAH paratantratvAt / ' -nyAyakusumAJjali 21 /

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198 jainadarzana AcArya zAntarakSita ne bauddhoMkA pakSa 'aniyamavAda' ke rUpameM rakhA hai| ve kahate haiM---'prAmANya aura aprAmANya donoM svataH, donoM parataH, prAmANya svataH aprAmANya parataH aura aprAmANya svataH prAmANya parataH' ina cAra niyama pakSoMse atirikta pA~cavA~ 'aniyama pakSa' bhI hai jo prAmANya aura aprAmANya donoMko avasthAvizeSameM svataH aura avasthAvizeSameM parataH mAnanekA hai| yahI pakSa bauddhoMko iSTa hai| donoMko svataH mAnanekA pakSa 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha'2 meM sAMkhyake nAmase tathA aprAmANyako svataH aura prAmANyako parataH mAnanekA pakSa bauddhake nAmase ullikhita hai, para unake mUla graMthoMmeM ina pakSoMkA ullekha nahIM miltaa| naiyAyika donoMko parataH4 mAnate haiM-saMvAdase prAmANya aura bAdhakapratyayase aprAmANya AtA hai / jaina jisa vaktAke guNoMkA pratyaya hai usake vacanoMko tatkAla svataHpramANa kaha bhI deM, para zabdakI pramANatA guNoMse hI AtI hai, yaha siddhAnta nirapavAda hai / anya pramANoMmeM abhyAsa aura anabhyAsase prAmANya aura aprAmANyake svataH aura parataHkA nizcaya hotA hai / mImAMsaka yadyapi pramANakI utpatti kAraNoMse mAnatA hai para usakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jina kAraNoMse jJAna utpanna hotA hai usase atirikta kisI anya kAraNako, pramANatAkI utpattimeM apekSA nahIM hotii| jainakA kahanA hai ki indriyAdi kAraNa yA to guNavAle hote haiM yA doSavAle; kyoMki koI bhI sAmAnya apane vizeSoMmeM hI prApta ho sakatA hai| kAraNa-sAmAnya bhI yA to guNavAn kAraNoMmeM milegA yA doSavAn kaarnnoNmeN| ataH yadi doSavAn kAraNoMse utpanna honeke kAraNa aprAmANya parataH mAnA jAtA hai to guNavAn kAraNoMse utpanna honese prAmANyako bhI parataH hI mAnanA caahiye| yAnI utpatti cAhe prAmANyakI ho yA aprAmANyakI, hara hAlatameM vaha parataH hI hogii| jina kAraNoMse pramANa yA apramANa paidA hogA, unhIM kAraNoMse unakI pramANatA aura apramANatA bhI utpanna ho hI jAtI hai| pramANa aura pramANatAkI utpattimeM samayabheda nahIM hai| jJapti aura pravRttike sambandhameM kahA jA cukA hai ki ve abhyAsa dazAmeM svataH aura anabhyAsa dazAmeM parataH hotI haiN| 1. 'na hi bauddhareSAM caturNAmekatamo'pi pakSo'bhISTaH, aniyamapakSasyeSTatvAt / tathAhi-ubhayamapyetat kiJcit svataH kiJcit parata iti pUrvamupavarNitam / ata eva pakSacatuSTayopanyAso'pyayuktaH / paJcamasya aniyamapakSasya saMbhavAt / ' -tattvasaM0 50 kA0 3123 / 2. 'pramANatvApramANatve svataH sAMkhyAH smaashritaaH|' -sarvada0 pR0 279 / 3. 'saugatAzcaramaM svtH|' -sarva pR0 279 / 4. 'dvayamapi parataH ityeSa eva pakSaH zreyAn / ' -nyAyamaM0 pR0 174 /

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pramANamImAMsA vedako svataH prAmANya mAnaneke siddhAntane mImAMsakako zabdamAtrake nitya mAnanekI ora prerita kiyA; kyoMki yadi zabdako anitya mAnA jAtA hai to zabdAtmaka vedako bhI kabhI na kabhI kisI vaktAke mukhase utpanna huA mAnanA par3egA, jo ki usakI svataH pramANatAkA vighAtaka siddha ho sakatA hai| vaktAke mukhase ekAntataH janma lenevAle sArthaka bhASAtmaka zabdoMko bhI nitya aura apauruSeya kahanA yukti aura anubhava donoMse viruddha hai| paramparA aura santatikI dRSTise bhale hI bhASAtmaka zabda anAdi ho jA~ya, para tattatsamayoMmeM utpanna honevAle zabda to utpattike bAda hI naSTa ho jAte haiM / zabda to jalakI laharake samAna paudgalika vAtAvaraNameM utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiM, ataH unheM nitya nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / phira usa vedako, jisameM aneka rAjA, RSi, nagara, nadI aura deza Adi anitya aura sAdi padArthoke nAma Ate haiM, nitya, anAdi aura apauruSeya kahakara svataH pramANa kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? pramANatA yA apramANatA sarvaprathama to parataH hI gRhIta hotI hai, Age paricaya aura abhyAsake kAraNa bhale hI ve avasthAvizeSameM svataH ho jAya~ / guNa aura doSa donoM vastuke hI dharma haiN| vastu yA to guNAtmaka hotI hai yA doSAtmaka / ataH guNako 'svarUpa' kahakara usakA astitva nahIM ur3AyA jA sktaa| donoMkI sthiti barAbara hotI hai / yadi kAcakAmalAdi doSa haiM to nirmalatA cakSukA guNa hai / ataH guNa aura doSa rUpa kAraNoMse utpanna honeke kAraNa pramANatA aura apramANatA donoM hI parataH mAnI jAnI caahie| pramANasaMplava-vicAra : eka hI prameyameM aneka pramANoMkI pravRttiko 'pramANasamplava' kahate haiM / bauddha padArthoMko kSaNika mAnate haiN| unakA yaha bhI siddhAnta hai ki jJAna arthajanya hotA hai| jisa vivakSita padArthase koI eka pratyakSajJAna utpanna huA hai, vaha padArtha dUsare kSaNameM niyamase naSTa ho jAtA hai, isalie kisI bhI arthameM do jJAnoMkI pravRttikA avasara hI nahIM hai| bauddhoMne prameyake do bheda kiye haiM-eka vizeSa ( svalakSaNa) aura dUsarA sAmAnya (anyApoha ) / vizeSapadArthako viSaya karanevAlA pratyakSa hai aura sAmAnyako jAnanevAle anumAnAdi vikalpajJAna / isa taraha prameyadvaividhyase pramANa dvaividhyakI niyata vyavasthA honese koI bhI pramANa jaba apanI viSayamaryAdAko nahIM lA~gha sakatA, taba vijAtIya pramANakI to svaniyata viSayase bhinna prameyameM 1. 'mAnaM dvividhaM viSayadvaividhyAt |'--prmaannbaa0 2 / 1 /

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200 . jainadarzana pravRtti hI nahIM ho sakatI / raha jAtI hai sajAtIya pramANAntarake saMplavakI bAta, so dvitIya kSaNameM jaba vaha padArtha hI nahIM rahatA, taba saMplavakI carcA apane Apa hI samApta ho jAtI hai| __ jaina padArthako ekAnta kSaNika na mAnakara use kathaJcit anitya aura sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka mAnate haiM / yahI padArtha sabhI pramANoMkA viSaya hotA hai| vastu anantadharmavAlI hai| amuka jJAnake dvArA vastuke amuka aMzoMkA nizcaya hone para bhI agRhIta aMzoMko jAnaneke liye pramANAntarako avakAza hai hii| isI taraha jina jJAta aMzoMkA saMvAda ho jAnese nizcaya ho cukA hai una aMzoMmeM bhale hI pramANAntara kucha vizeSa pariccheda na kreN| para jina aMzoMmeM asaMvAda honeke kAraNa anizcaya yA viparIta nizcaya hai, unakA nizcaya karake to pramANAntara vizeSapariccheda honese pramANa hI hotA hai| akalaMkadevane pramANake lakSaNameM 'anadhigatArthagrAhI' pada diyA hai, ataH anizcita aMzake nizcayameM yA nizcitAMzameM upayogavizeSa honepara hI pramANasaMplava svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, jaba ki naiyAyikane pramANake lakSaNameM aisA koI pada nahIM rakhA hai, ataH usakI dRSTise vastu gRhIta ho yA agRhIta, yadi indriyAdi kAraNakalApa milate haiM to pramANakI pravRtti avazya hI hogii| upayogavizeSa ho yA na ho, koI bhI jJAna isalie apramANa nahIM ho sakatA ki usane gRhItako grahaNa kiyA hai| tAtparya yaha ki naiyAyikako pratyeka avasthAmeM pramANasaMplava svIkRta hai| jaina paramparAmeM avagrahAdi jJAnoMke dhruva aura adhruva bheda bhI kiye haiN| dhruvakA artha hai jaisA jJAna pahale hotA hai vaisA hI bAda meM honA / ye dhruvAvagrahAdi pramANa bhI hai| ataH siddhAntadRSTise jaina apane nityAnitya padArthameM sajAtIya yA vijAtIya pramANoMkI pravRtti aura saMvAdake AdhArase unakI pramANatAko svIkAra karate hI haiM / jahA~ vizeSapariccheda hotA hai vahA~ to pramANatA hai hI, para jahA~ vizeSapariccheda nahIM bhI ho, para yadi saMvAda hai to pramANatAko koI nahIM roka sktaa| yadyapi kahIM gRhItagrAhI jJAnako pramANAbhAsameM ginAyA hai, para aisA pramANake lakSaNameM 'apUrvArtha' pada yA 'anadhigata' vizeSaNa deneke kAraNa huA hai| vastutaH jJAnakI pramANatAkA AdhAra avisaMvAda yA samyagjJAnatva hI hai; apUrvArthAhitva nahIM / padArthake nityAnitya honeke kAraNa usameM aneka pramANoMkI pravRttikA pUrA-pUrA avasara hai| 1. 'upayogavizeSasyAbhAve pramANasaMplavAnabhyupagamAt // ' -aSTasaha0 pR04| 2. parIkSAmukha 6 / 1 /

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pramANamImAMsA 201 pramANake bheda : prAcIna kAlase pramANake pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do bheda nirvivAda rUpase svIkRta cale A rahe haiN| Agamika paribhASAmeM AtmamAtrasApekSa jJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiM, aura jina jJAnoMmeM indriya, mana aura prakAza Adi parasAdhanoMkI apekSA hotI hai ke parokSa haiN| pratyakSa aura parokSakI yaha paribhASA jaina paramparAkI apanI hai| usameM pratyeka vastu apane pariNamanameM svayaM upAdAna hotI hai| jitane paranimittaka pariNamana haiM, ve saba vyavahAramUlaka haiN| jo mAtra svajanya haiM, ve hI paramArtha haiM aura nizcayanayake viSaya haiN| pratyakSa aura parokSake lakSaNa aura vibhAjanameM bhI yahI dRSTi kAma kara rahI hai aura usake nirvAhake lie 'akSa' zabdakA artha AtmA kiyA gayA hai| pratyakSa zabdakA prayoga jo lokameM indriyapratyakSake arthameM dekhA jAtA hai use sAMvyavahArika saMjJA dI gaI hai, yadyapi Agamika paramArtha vyAkhyAke anusAra indriyajanya jJAna parasApekSa honese parokSa hai; kintu lokavyavahArakI bhI upekSA nahIM kI jA sakatI thii| jaina dRSTimeM upAdAna-yogyatApara hI vizeSa bhAra diyA gayA hai| nimittase yadyapi upAdAna-yogyatA vikasita hotI hai, parantu nimittasApekSa pariNamana utkRSTa aura zuddha nahIM mAne jaate| isIlie pratyakSa jaise utkRSTa jJAnameM upAdAna AtmAkI hI apekSA mAnI hai, indriya aura mana jaise nikaTatama sAdhanoMkI nahIM / AtmamAtra-sApekSatA pratyakSavyavahArakA kAraNa hai aura indriyamanojanyatA parokSavyavahArakI niyAmikA hai| yaha jaina dRSTikA apanA AdhyAtmika nirUpaNa hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki jo jJAna sarvathA svAvalambI hai. jisameM bAhya sAdhanoMkI AvazyakatA nahIM hai vahI jJAna pratyakSa kahalAneke yogya hai, aura jisameM indriya, mana aura prakAza Adi sAdhanoMkI AvazyakatA hotI hai, ve jJAna parokSa haiM / isa taraha mUlameM pramANake do bheda hote haiM-eka pratyakSa aura dUsarA parokSa / pratyakSa pramANa : siddhasena divAkara ne pratyakSakA lakSaNa 'aparokSarUpase arthakA grahaNa karanA pratyakSa hai' yaha kiyA hai| isa lakSaNameM pratyakSakA svarUpa taba taka samajhameM nahIM AtA, jaba taka ki parokSakA svarUpa na samajha liyA jAya / akalaMkadevane 'nyAya1. 'jaM parado viNNANaM taM tu parokkhatti bhaNidamatthesu / jaM kevaleNa NAdaM havadi hu jIveNa paJcakkhaM ||'-prvcnsaar gA0 58 / 2. 'akSNoti vyApnoti jAnAtItyakSa AtmA' sarvArthasi0 pR0 56 / 3. 'aparokSatayArthasya grAhakaM zAnamIdRzam / pratyakSamitarajjJeyaM parokSaM grahaNekSayA // nyAyAvatAra zlo0 4 /

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jainadarzana vinizcaya' meM spaSTa jJAnako pratyakSa kahA hai| unake lakSaNameM 'sAkAra' aura 'aJjasA' pada bhI apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhate haiM; arthAt sAkArajJAna jaba aJjasA spaSTa arthAt paramArtharUpase vizada ho taba use pratyakSa kahate haiN| vaizadyakA lakSaNa akalaMkadevane svayaM laghIyastrayameM isa taraha kiyA hai "anumAnAdyatirekeNa vizeSapratibhAsanam / tavaizadyaM mataM buddheravaizadyamataH param // 4 // " arthAt anumAnAdise adhika niyata deza, kAla aura AkArarUpase pracuratara vizeSoMke pratibhAsanako vaizadya kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoMmeM jisa jJAnameM kisI anya jJAnakI sahAyatA apekSita na ho vaha jJAna vizada kahalAtA hai| jisa taraha anumAnAdi jJAna apanI utpattimeM liMgajJAna, vyAptismaraNa AdikI apekSA rakhate haiM, usa taraha pratyakSa apanI utpattimeM kisI anya jJAnakI AvazyakatA nahIM rkhtaa| yahI anumAnAdise pratyakSameM atireka-adhikatA hai / ___ yadyapi bauddhara bhI vizadajJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiM; para ve kevala nirvikalpaka jJAnako hI pratyakSakI sImAmeM rakhate haiM / unakA yaha abhiprAya hai ki svalakSaNavastu paramArthataH zabdazanya hai| ataH usase utpanna honevAlA pratyakSa bhI zabdazanya hI honA caahiye| zabdakA arthake sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai| zabdake abhAvameM bhI padArtha apane svarUpameM rahatA hai aura padArthake na hone para bhI yatheccha zabdoMkA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| zabdakA prayoga saMketa aura vivakSAke adhIna hai| ataH paramArthasat vastuse utpanna honevAle nirvikalpaka pratyakSase zabdakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| zabdakA prayoga to vikalpavAsanAke kAraNa pUrvokta nirvikalpaka jJAnase utpanna honevAle savikalpaka jJAnameM hI hotA hai| zabda-saMsRSTajJAna niyamase padArthakA grAhaka nahIM hotaa| aneka vikalpakajJAna aise hote haiM, jinake viSayabhUta padArtha vidyamAna nahIM hote, jaise zekhacillIkI 'maiM rAjA hU~' ityAdi kalpanAoMke / jo vikalpajJAna nirvikalpakase utpanna hotA hai, mAtra vikalpavAsanAse nahIM, usa savikalpakameM jo vizadatA aura arthaniyatatA dekhI jAtI hai, vaha usa vikalpakA apanA dharma nahIM hai, kintu nirvikalpakase udhAra liyA huA hai / nirvikalpakake anantara kSaNameM hI savikalpaka utpanna hotA hai, ataH nirvikalpakakI vizadatA savikalpakameM pratibhAsita hone lagatI hai aura isa taraha savikalpaka bhI nirvikalpakakI vizadatAkA svAmI banakara vyavahAra meM pratyakSa kahA jAtA hai| 1. 'pratyakSalakSaNaM prAhuH spaSTaM sAkAramaasA'-nyAyavi0 zlo0 3 / 2. 'pratyakSa kalpanApoDhaM vedyate'tiparisphuTam |'-tttvsN0 kA0 1234 /

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pramANamImAMsA 203 parantu jaina dArzanika paramparAmeM nirAkAra nirvikalpaka darzanako pramANakoTise bahirbhUta hI rakhA hai aura nizcayAtmaka savikalpaka jJAnako hI pramANa mAnakara vizadajJAnako pratyakSakoTimeM liyA hai| bauddhakA nirvikalpakajJAna viSaya-viSayIsannipAtake anantara honevAle sAmAnyAvabhAsI anAkAra darzanake samAna hai| yaha anAkAra darzana itanA nirbala hotA hai ki isase vyavahAra to dUra rahA kintu padArthakA nizcaya bhI nahIM ho paataa| ataH usako spaSTa yA pramANa mAnanA kisI bhI taraha ucita nahIM hai| vizadatA aura nizcayapanA vikalpakA apanA dharma hai aura vaha jJAnAvaraNake kSayopazamake anusAra isameM pAyA jAtA hai| isI abhiprAyakA sUcana karaneke lie akalaMkadevane 'aJjasA' aura 'sAkAra' pada pratyakSake lakSaNameM diye haiM / jina vikalpajJAnoMkA viSayabhUta padArtha bAhyameM nahIM milatA ve vikalpAbhAsa haiM, pratyakSa nhiiN| jaise zabdazUnya nirvikalpakase zabdasaMsRSTa vikalpa utpanna ho jAtA hai vaise yadi zabdazanya arthase bhI sIdhA vikalpa utpanna ho to kyA bAdhA hai ? yadyapi jJAnakI utpattimeM padArthakI asAdhAraNa kAraNatA nahIM hai| ____jJAta hotA hai ki vedakI pramANatAkA khaNDana karaneke vicArase bauddhoMne zabdakA arthake sAtha vAstavika sambandha hI nahIM mAnA aura una yAvat zabdasaMsRSTa jJAnoMkA, jinakA samarthana nirvikalpakase nahIM hotA, aprAmANya ghoSita kara diyA hai, aura unhIM jJAnoMko pramANa mAnA hai, jo sAkSAt yA paramparAse arthasAmarthyajanya haiN| parantu zabdamAtrako apramANa kahanA ucita nahIM hai| ve zabda bhale hI apramANa hoM, jinakA viSayabhUta artha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| jaba AtmamAtrasApekSa jJAnako pratyakSa mAnA aura akSa zabdakA artha AtmA kiyA gayA, taba lokavyavahArameM pratyakSarUpase prasiddha indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSakI samasyAkA samanvaya jaina dArzanikoMne eka 'saMvyavahArapratyakSa' mAnakara kiyaa| vizeSAvazyakabhASya' aura laghIyastrayaH granthoMmeM indriya aura manojanya jJAnako saMvyavahAra pratyakSa svIkAra kiyA hai| isake kAraNa bhI ye haiM ki eka to lokavyavahArameM tathA sabhI itara darzanoMmeM yaha pratyakSarUpase prasiddha hai aura pratyakSatAke prayojaka vaizadya (nirmalatA) kA aMza isameM pAyA jAtA hai / isa taraha upacArakA kAraNa milanese indriyapratyakSameM pratyakSatAkA upacAra kara liyA gayA hai| vastutaH AdhyAtmika dRSTimeM ye jJAna parokSa hI hai / tattvArthasUtra ( 1 / 13 ) meM matijJAnakI 1. 'indiyamaNobhavaM jaM taM saMvavahArapaccakkhaM |'--vishessaa0 gA0 65 / 2. 'tatra sAMvyavahArikam indriyAnindriyapratyakSam / ' -lagho0 svavR0 zloka04 /

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204 jainadarzanaM mati, smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodha ina paryAyoMkA nirdeza milatA hai / inameM mati, indriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA jJAna hai| isakI utpattimeM jJAnAntarakI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / Ageke smRti, saMjJA, cintA Adi jJAnoMmeM kramazaH pUrvAnubhava, smaraNa aura pratyakSa, smaraNa, pratyakSa aura pratyabhijJAna, liGgadarzana aura vyAptismaraNa Adi jJAnAntaroMkI apekSA rahatI hai, jaba ki indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSameM koI bhI anya jJAna apekSita nahIM hotaa| isI vizeSatAke kAraNa indriyapratyakSa aura mAnasapratyakSarUpI matiko saMvyavahArapratyakSakA pada milA hai| 1. sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa : pA~ca indriyA~ aura mana ina chaha kAraNoMse saMvyavahArapratyakSa utpanna hotA hai| isake mUla do bheda haiM ( 1 ) indriyasaMvyavahArapratyakSa, ( 2 ) anindriyasaMvyavahArapratyakSa / anindriyapratyakSa kevala manase utpanna hotA hai, jaba ki indriyapratyakSameM indriyoMke sAtha mana bhI kAraNa hotA hai| indriyoMko prApyakAritA-aprApyakAritA : __ 'indriyoMmeM cakSu aura mana aprApyakArI haiM arthAt ye padArthako prApta kiye binA hI dUrase hI usakA jJAna kara lete haiN| sparzana, rasanA aura ghrANa ye tIna indriyA~ padArthoMse sambaddha hokara unheM jAnatI haiN| kAna zabdako spaSTa honepara sunatA hai| sparzanAdi indriyA~ padArthoMke sambandhakAlameM unase spRSTa bhI hotI haiM aura baddha bhii| baddhakA artha hai-indriyoM meM alpakAlika vikArapariNati / jaise atyanta ThaNDe pAnI meM hAtha DubAnepara kucha kAlataka hAtha aisA ThiThura jAtA hai ki usase dUsarA sparza zIghra gRhIta nahIM hotaa| kisI teja garama padArthako khA lenepara rasanA bhI vikRta hotI huI dekhI jAtI hai| parantu kAnase kisI bhI prakArake zabda sunanepara aisA koI vikAra anubhavameM nahIM aataa| sannikarSa-vicAra : naiyAyikAdi cakSukA bhI padArthake sAtha sannikarSa mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki cakSu taijasa padArtha hai| usakI kiraNeM nikalakara padArthoMse sambandha karatI haiM aura taba cakSuke dvArA padArthakA jJAna hotA hai / cakSu cUMki padArthake rUpa, rasa Adi guNoM se kevala rUpako hI prakAzita karatI hai, ataH vaha dIpakakI taraha taijasa hai| mana vyApaka AtmAse saMyukta hotA hai aura AtmA jagatke samasta padArthoMse saMyukta 1. 'puDhe suNei saI apuThaM puNa vi passade rUvaM / phAsaM rasaM ca gaMdhaM baddhaM puDhe vijANAdi ||'-aa0 ni0 gA0 5 /

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pramANamImAMsA 205 hai, ataH mana kisI bhI bAhya padArthako saMyuktasaMyoga Adi sambandhoMse jAnatA hai / mana apane sukha kA sAkSAtkAra saMyuktasamavAyasambandhase karatA hai| mana AtmAse saMyukta hai aura AtmAmeM sukhakA samavAya hai, isa taraha cakSu aura mana donoM prApyakArI haiN| parantu nimnalikhita kAraNoMse cakSukA padArthake sAtha sannikarSa siddha nahIM hotA (1) 'yadi cakSa prApyakArI hai to use svayaMmeM lage hue aMjanako dekha lenA cAhie / (2) yadi cakSu prApyakArI hai to vaha sparzana indriyakI taraha samIpavartI vRkSakI zAkhA aura dUravartI candramAko eka sAtha nahIM dekha sktii| ( 3 ) yaha koI Avazyaka nahIM hai ki jo kAraNa ho vaha padArthase saMyukta hokara hI apanA kAma kre| cumbaka dUrase hI loheko khIMca letA hai / ( 4 ) cakSu abhraka, kA~ca aura sphaTika Adise vyavahita padArthoMke rUpako bhI dekha letI hai, jaba ki prApyakArI sparzanAdi indriyA~ unake sparza Adiko nahIM jAna sakatIM / cakSuko tejodravya kahanA bhI pratItiviruddha hai; kyoMki eka to tejodravya svatantra dravya nahIM hai, dUsare uSNa sparza aura bhAsvara rUpa isameM nahIM pAyA jaataa| cakSuko prApyakArI mAnanepara padArthameM dUra aura nikaTa vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA / isI taraha saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna bhI nahIM ho skeNge| AjakA vijJAna mAnatA hai ki A~kha eka prakArakA kemarA hai| usameM padArthoMkI kiraNeM pratibimbita hotI haiN| kiraNoMke pratibimba par3anese jJAnatantu ubuddha hote haiM aura phira cakSa una padArthoMko dekhatI hai| cakSumeM Aye hue pratibimbakA kArya kevala cetanAko udbuddha kara denA hai| vaha svayaM dikhAI nahIM detaa| isa praNAlImeM yaha bAta to spaSTa hai ki cakSune yogya dezameM sthita padArthako hI jAnA hai, apane meM par3e hue pratibimbako nhiiN| padArthoke pratibimba par3anekI kriyA to kevala svicako dabAnekI kriyAke samAna hai, jo vidyut zaktiko pravAhita kara detA hai / ataH isa prakriyAse jainoMke cakSuko aprApyakArI mAnaneke vicArameM koI vizeSa bAdhA upasthita nahIM hotii| zrotra aprApyakArI nahIM : ___2bauddha zrotrako bhI aprApyakArI mAnate haiN| unakA vicAra hai ki-zabda bhI dUrase hI sunA jAtA hai / ve cakSu aura manake sAtha zrotrake bhI aprApyakArI honekA 1. dekho, tattvArthavArtika pR0 68 / 2, 'apraaptaanykssimnHshrotraanni|' -abhidharmakoza 1143 / tattvasaMgraha. paM0 pR0 603 /

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206 jainadarzana spaSTa nirdeza karate haiN| yadi zrotra prApyakArI hotA to zabdameM dUra aura nikaTa vyavahAra nahIM honA cAhie thA / kintu 'jaba zrotra kAnameM ghuse hue maccharake zabdako suna letA hai, to aprApyakArI nahIM ho sktaa| prApyakArI ghrANa indriya ke viSayabhUta gandhameM bhI 'kamalakI gandha dUra hai, mAlatIkI gandha pAsa hai' ityAdi vyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai| yadi cakSukI taraha zrotra bhI aprApyakArI hai to jaise rUpameM dizA aura dezakA saMzaya nahIM hotA usI taraha zabdameM bhI nahIM honA cAhie thA, kintu zabdameM 'yaha kisa dizAse zabda AyA hai ?' isa prakArakA saMzaya dekhA jAtA hai| ataH zrotrako bhI sparzanAdi indriyoMkI taraha prApyakArI hI mAnanA cAhie / jaba zabda vAtAvaraNameM utpanna hotA huA kramazaH kAnake bhItara pahu~catA hai, tabhI sunAI detA hai / zrotrakA zabdotpattike sthAnameM pahu~canA to nitAnta bAdhita hai| jJAnakA utpatti-krama, avagrahAdibheda : sAMvyavahArika indriyapratyakSa cAra bhAgoMmeM vibhAjita hai-avagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhaarnnaa| sarvaprathama viSaya aura viSayIke sannipAta ( yogyadezAvasthitimeM ) honepara darzana hotA hai| yaha darzana sAmAnya-sattAkA Alocaka hotA hai| isake AkArako hama mAtra 'hai' ke rUpameM nirdiSTa kara sakate haiM / yaha astitvarUpa mahAsattA yA sAmAnya-sattAkA pratibhAsa karatA hai| isake bAda usa viSayakI avAntarasattA ( manuSyatva Adi ) se yukta vastukA grahaNa karanevAlA 'yaha puruSa hai' aisA avagraha jJAna hotA hai| avagraha jJAnameM puruSatvaviziSTa puruSakA spaSTa bodha hotA hai / jo indriyA~ prApyakArA haiM, unake dvArA darzanake bAda sarvaprathama vyaMjanAvagraha hotA hai| jisa prakAra kore ghar3emeM jaba do, tIna, cAra jalabindue~ turanta sUkha jAtI haiM, tava kahIM ghar3A dhIre-dhIre gIlA hotA hai, usI taraha vyaMjanAvagrahameM padArthakA avyakta bodha hotA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki prApyakArI sparzana, rasana, ghrANa aura zrotra indriyA~ aneka prakArakI upakaraNa-tvacAoMse AvRta rahatI haiM, ataH unheM bhedakara indriya taka viSaya-sambandha honemeM eka kSaNa to laga hI jAtA hai / aprApyakArI cakSukI upakaraNabhUta palake A~khake tAreke Upara haiM aura palakeM khulane ke bAda hI dekhanA prArambha hotA hai| A~kha khulaneke bAda padArthake dekhane meM aspRSTatAkI guMjAiza nahIM rahatI / jitanI zakti hogI, utanA spaSTa hI dikhegaa| ataH cakSuindriyase vyaJjanAvagraha nahIM hotA / vyaJjanAvagraha zeSa cAra indriyoMse hI hotA hai| __ avagrahake bAda usake dvArA jJAta viSayameM 'yaha puruSa dakSiNI hai yA uttarI ?' isa prakArakA vizeSaviSayaka saMzaya hotA hai| saMzayake anantara bhASA aura vezako 1. dekho, tatvArthavArtika pR0 68-36 /

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pramANamImAMsa 207 dekhakara nirNayakI ora jhukanevAlA 'yaha dakSiNI honA cAhie' aisA bhavitavyatArUpa 'IhA' jJAna hotA hai| ___IhAke bAda vizeSa cihnoMse 'yaha dakSiNI hI hai' aisA nirNayAtmaka 'avAya' jJAna hotA hai / kahIM isakA apAyake rUpameM bhI ullekha milatA hai, jisakA artha hai 'aniSTa aMzako nivRtti karanA' / apAya arthAt 'nivRtti' / avAyameM iSTa aMzakA nizcaya vivakSita hai jaba ki apAyameM aniSTa aMzakI nivRtti mukhyarUpase lakSita hotI hai| __yahI avAya uttarakAlameM dRr3ha hokara 'dhAraNA' bana jAtA hai| isI dhAraNAke kAraNa kAlAntarameM usa vastukA smaraNa hotA hai / dhAraNAko saMskAra bhI kahate haiM / jaba taka indriyavyApAra cAla hai taba taka dhAraNA indriyapratyakSake rUpameM rahatI hai| indriyavyApArake nivRtta ho jAnepara yahI dhAraNA zaktirUpameM saMskAra bana jAtI hai| inameM saMzaya jJAnako chor3akara bAkI vyaJjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA yadi arthakA yathArtha nizcaya karAte haiM to pramANa haiM, anyathA apramANa / pramANakA artha hai jo vastu jaisI pratibhAsita hotI hai usakA usI rUpameM milanA / sabhI jJAna svasaMvedI haiM : ye sabhI jJAna svasaMvedI hote haiN| ye apane svarUpakA bodha svayaM karate haiM / ataH svasaMvedanapratyakSako svatantra mAnanekI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jaatii| jo jisa jJAnakA saMvedana hai, vaha usImeM antarbhUta ho jAtA hai; indriyapratyakSakA svasaMvedana indriyapratyakSameM aura mAnasapratyakSakA svasaMvedana maansprtykssmeN| kintu svasaMvedanakI dRSTise apramANavyavahAra yA pramANAbhAsakI kalpanA kathamapi nahIM hotI / jJAna pramANa ho yA apramANa, usakA svasaMvedana to jJAnake rUpameM yathArtha hI hotA hai / 'yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa ?' isa prakArake saMzaya jJAnakA svasaMvedana bhI apanemeM nizcayAtmaka hI hotA hai / ukta prakArake jJAnake hone meM saMzaya nahIM hai / saMzaya to usake viSayabhUta padArthameM hai| isI prakAra viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya jJAnoMkA svarUpa saMvedana apanemeM nizcayAtmaka aura yathArtha hI hotA hai / ___ mAnasapratyakSameM kevala manase sukhAdikA saMvedana hotA hI hai| isameM indriyavyApArako AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| avagrahAdi bahu Adi arthoMke hote haiM : ye 'avagrahAdi jJAna eka, bahu, ekavidha, kSipra, akSipra, niHsRta, aniHsRta, ukta, anukta, dhruva aura adhruva isa taraha bAraha prakArake arthoMke hote haiN| cakSu 1. dekho, tattvArthasUtra 1 / 16 /

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208 jainadarzana Adi indriyoMke dvArA honevAle avagrahAdi mAtra rUpAdi guNoMko hI nahIM jAnate, kintu una guNoMke dvArA 'dravyako grahaNa karate haiM; kyoMki guNa aura guNImeM kathaJcit abheda honese guNakA grahaNa hone para guNIkA bhI grahaNa usa rUpameM ho hI jAtA hai| kisI aise indriyajJAnakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, jo dravyako chor3akara mAtra guNako, yA guNako chor3akara mAtra dravyako grahaNa karatA ho / viparyaya Adi mithyAjJAnaviparyaya jJAna kA svarUpa : indriyadoSa tathA sAdRzya Adike kAraNa jo viparyaya jJAna hotA hai, vaha jaina darzanameM viparIta-khyAtike rUpase svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| kisI padArthameM usase viparIta padArthakA pratibhAsa honA viparIta-khyAti kahalAtI hai| yaha padArtha viparIta hai' isa prakArakA pratibhAsa viparyayakAlameM nahIM hotA hai| yadi pramAtAko yaha mAlUma ho jAya ki 'yaha padArtha viparIta hai' taba to vaha jJAna yathArtha hI ho jaaygaa| ataH puruSase viparIta sthANumeM 'puruSa' isa prakArakI khyAti arthAt pratibhAsa viparItakhyAti kahalAtA hai / yadyapi viparyayakAlameM puruSa vahA~ nahIM hai, parantu sAdRzya Adike kAraNa pUrvadRSTa puruSakA smaraNa hokara usameM puruSakA bhAna hotA hai aura yaha saba hotA hai indriyadoSa Adike kaarnn| isameM alaukika, anirvacanIya, asat, sat yA AtmAkA pratibhAsa mAnanA yA isa jJAnako nirAlambana ho mAnanA pratItiviruddha hai| viparyayajJAnakA Alambana to vaha padArtha hai hI jisameM sAdRzya Adike kAraNa viparIta bhAna ho rahA hai aura jo viparIta padArtha usameM pratibhAsita ho rahA hai / vaha yadyapi vahA~ vidyamAna nahIM hai, kintu sAdRzya Adike kAraNa smaraNakA viSaya banakara jhalaka to jAtA hI hai| antataH viparyayajJAnakA viSayabhUta padArtha viparyayakAlameM AlambanabhUta padArthameM Aropita kiyA jAtA hai aura isIlie vaha viparyaya hai| asatkhyAti aura AtmakhyAti nahIM : viparyayakAlameM sIpameM cA~dI A jAtI hai, yaha nirI kalpanA hai; kyoMki yadi usa kAlameM cA~dI AtI ho, to vahA~ baiThe hue puruSako dikha jAnI cAhiye / retameM jalajJAnake samaya yadi jala vahA~ A jAtA hai, to pIche jamIna to gIlI milanI caahiye| mAnasabhrAnti apane mithyA saMskAra aura vicAroMke anusAra aneka prakArako 1. tattvArthasUtra 1117 /

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pramANamImAMsA 209 huA karatI hai / AtmAkI taraha bAhya padArthakA astitva bhI svataHsiddha aura paramArthasat hI hai| ataH bAhyArthakA niSedha karake nitya brahma yA kSaNika jJAnakA pratibhAsa kahanA bhI sayuktika nahIM hai| viparyaya jJAnake kAraNa : viparyaya jJAnake aneka kAraNa hote haiM; vAta-pittAdikA kSobha, viSayakI caMcalatA, kisI kriyAkA atizIghra honA, sAdRzya aura indriyavikAra Adi / ina doSoMke kAraNa mana aura indriyoMmeM vikAra utpanna hotA hai aura indriyameM vikAra honese viparyayAdi jJAna hote haiN| antataH indriyavikAra hI viparyayakA mukhya hetu siddha hotA hai| anirvacanIyArthakhyAti nahIM: viparyaya jJAnako sat, asat AdirUpase anirvacanIya kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki usakA viparItarUpameM nirvacana kiyA jA sakatA hai / 'idaM rajatam' yaha zabdaprayoga svayaM apanI nirvacanIyatA batA rahA hai| pahale dekhA gayA rajata hI sAdRzyAdike kAraNa sAmane rakhI huI sIpameM jhalakane lagatA hai| akhyAti nahIM: ___ yadi viparyaya jJAnameM kucha bhI pratibhAsita na ho, vaha akhyAti arthAt nirviSaya ho; to bhrAnti aura suSuptAvasthAmeM koI antara hI nahIM raha jAyagA / suSuptAvasthAse bhrAntidazAke bhedakA eka ho kAraNa hai ki bhrAnti avasthAmeM kucha to pratibhAsita hotA hai, jabaki suSuptAvasthAmeM kucha bhI nahIM / asarakhyAti nahIM: yadi viparyayameM asat padArthakA pratibhAsa mAnA jAtA hai, to vicitra prakArakI bhrAntiyA~ nahIM ho sakeMgI, kyoMki asatkhyAtivAdIke matameM vicitratAkA kAraNa jJAnagata yA arthagata kucha bhI nahIM hai| sAmane rakhI huI vastubhUta zuktikA hI isa jJAnakA Alambana hai, anyathA aMgulike dvArA usakA nirdeza nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thA / yadyapi yahA~ rajata avidyamAna hai, phira bhI ise asatkhyAti nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki isameM sAdRzya kAraNa par3a rahA hai, jabaki asatkhyAtimeM sAdRzya kAraNa nahIM hotaa| viparyayajJAna smRti-pramoSa : viparyayajJAnako isa rUpase smRtipramoSarUpa kahanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki 'idaM

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210 jainadarzana rajatam' yahA~ 'idam' zabda sAmane rakhe hue padArthakA nirdeza karatA hai aura 'rajatam' pUrvadRSTa rajatakA smaraNa hai| sAdRzyAdi doSoMke kAraNa vaha smaraNa apane 'tat' AkArako chor3akara utpanna hotA hai| yahI usakI viparyayarUpatA hai| yadi yahA~ 'tadrajatam' aisA pratibhAsa hotA; to vaha samyagjJAna hI ho jaataa| ataH 'idam' yaha eka svataMtra jJAna hai aura 'rajatam' yaha adhUrA smaraNa / cUMki donoMkA bheda jJAta nahIM hotA, ataH 'idaM ke sAtha 'rajatam' juTakara 'idaM rajatam' yaha eka jJAna mAlUma hone lagatA hai| kintu yaha ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki yahA~ do jJAna pratibhAsita hI nahIM hote / eka hI jJAna sAmane rakhe hue camakadAra padArthako viSaya karatA hai / vizeSa bAta yaha hai ki vastudarzanake anantara tadvAcaka zabdakI smRtike samaya viparItavizeSakA smaraNa hokara vahI pratibhAsita hone lagatA hai| usa samaya camacamAhaTake kAraNa zuktikAke vizeSa dharma pratibhAsita na hokara unakA sthAna rajatake dharma le lete haiN| isa taraha viparyayajJAnake banane meM sAmAnyakA pratibhAsa, vizeSakA apratibhAsa aura viparIta vizeSakA smaraNa ye kAraNa bhale hI hoM, para viparyayakAlameM 'idaM rajatam' yaha eka hI jJAna rahatA hai| aura vaha viparIta AkArako viSaya karaneke kAraNa viparItakhyAtirUpa hI hai| saMzayakA svarUpa : saMzaya jJAnameM jina do koTiyoMmeM jJAna calita yA dolita rahatA hai, ve donoM koTiyA~ bhI buddhiniSTha hI haiN| ubhaya sAdhAraNa padArthake darzanase paraspara virodhI do vizeSoMkA smaraNa ho jAneke kAraNa jJAna donoM koTiyoMmeM jhUlane lagatA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki saMzaya aura viparyayajJAna pUrvAnubhUta vizeSake hI hote haiM / ananubhUtake nhiiN| ___ saMzaya jJAnameM prathama hI sAmane vidyamAna sthANuke uccatva Adi sAmAnyadharma pratibhAsita hote haiM, phira usake puruSa aura sthANu ina do vizeSoMkA yugapat smaraNa A jAnese jJAna donoM koTiyoMmeM dolita ho jAtA hai / 2. pAramArthika pratyakSa : pAramArthika pratyakSa sampUrNa rUpase vizada hotA hai| vaha mAtra AtmAse utpanna hotA hai| indriya aura manake vyApArakI usameM AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / vaha do prakArakA hai-eka sakalapratyakSa aura dUsarA vikalapratyakSa / kevalajJAna sakalapratyakSa hai aura avadhijJAna tathA manaHparyayajJAna vikalapratyakSa haiM /

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pramANamImAMsA 211 avadhijJAna: __ avadhijJAnAvaraNa aura vIryAntarAyake kSayopazamase utpanna honevAlA jJAna avadhijJAna hai| yaha rUpidravyako hI viSaya karatA hai, AtmAdi arUpI dravyako nahIM / caMki isakI apanI dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakI maryAdA nizcita hai aura yaha nIcekI tarapha adhika viSayako jAnatA hai, ataeva avadhijJAna kahA jAtA hai / isake dezAvadhi, paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi ye tIna bheda hote haiN| manuSya aura tiryaMcoMke guNapratyaya dezAvadhi hotA hai aura deva tathA nArakiyoMke bhavapratyaya / bhavapratyaya avadhimeM karmakA kSayopazama usa paryAyake hI nimittase ho jAtA hai, jabaki manuSya aura tiryaJcoMke honevAle dezAvadhikA kSayopazama guNanimittaka hotA hai| paramAvadhi aura sarvAvadhi caramazarIrI munike hI hote haiM / dezAvadhi pratipAtI hotA hai, parantu sarvAvadhi aura paramAvadhi pratipAtI nahIM hote / saMyamase cyuta hokara avirata aura mithyAtva-bhUmipara A jAnA pratipAta kahA jAtA hai / athavA, mokSa honeke pahale jo avadhijJAna chUTa jAtA hai, vaha pratipAtI hotA hai| avadhijJAna sUkSmarUpase eka paramANuko jAna sakatA hai| manaHparyayajJAna : 2manaHparyayajJAna dUsareke manakI bAtako jAnatA hai| isake do bheda haiM-eka Rjumati aura dUsarA vipulamati / Rjumati sarala mana, vacana, aura kAyase vicAre gaye padArthako jAnatA hai, jaba ki vipulamati sarala aura kuTila donoM tarahase vicAre gaye padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / manaHparyayajJAna bhI indriya aura manakI sahAyatAke binA hI hotA hai| dUsarekA mana to isameM kevala Alambana par3atA hai| 'manaHparyayajJAnI dUsareke manameM AnevAle vicAroMko arthAt vicAra karanevAle manakI paryAyoMko sAkSAt jAnatA hai aura usake anusAra bAhya padArthoMko anumAnase jAnatA hai' yaha eka AcAryakA mata hai| dUsare AcArya manaHparyayajJAnake dvArA bAhya padArthakA sAkSAt jJAna bhI mAnate haiM / manaHparyayajJAna prakRSTa cAritravAle sAdhuke hI hotA hai| isakA viSaya avadhijJAnase anantavA~ bhAga sUkSma hotA hai| isakA kSetra manuSyaloka barAbara hai| 1. dekho, tattvArthavArtika 1 / 21-22 / 2. dekho, tattvArthavArtika 126 // 3. "jANai bajjhe'NumANeNa-vizeSA0 gA0 814 /

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212 jainadarzana kevalajJAna: samasta jJAnAvaraNake samUla nAza honepara prakaTa honevAlA nirAvaraNa jJAna kevalajJAna hai / yaha AtmamAtrasApekSa hotA hai aura kevala arthAt akelA hotA hai| isa jJAnake utpanna hote hI samasta kSAyopazamika jJAna vilIna ho jAte haiN| yaha samasta dravyoMkI trikAlavartI sabhI paryAyoMko jAnatA hai tathA atIndriya hotA hai| yaha sampUrNa rUpase nirmala hotA hai| isake siddha karanekI mUla yukti yaha hai ki AtmA jaba jJAnasvabhAva hai aura AvaraNake kAraNa isakA yaha jJAnasvabhAva khaMDa- khaMDa karake prakaTa hotA hai taba sampUrNa AvaraNake haTa jAnepara jJAnako apane pUrNarUpa meM prakAzamAna honA hI caahie| jaise agnikA svabhAva jalAnekA hai| yadi koI pratibandha na ho to agni IMdhanako jalAyagI hii| usI taraha jJAnasvabhAva AtmA pratibandhakoMke haTa jAne para jagatke samasta padArthoMko jAnegA hii| 'jo padArtha kisI jJAnake jJeya haiM, kisI-na-kisIke pratyakSa avazya hote haiM / jaise parvatIya agni' ityAdi aneka anumAna usa nirAvaraNa jJAnakI siddhike lie diye jAte haiM / sarvajJatAkA itihAsa : prAcInakAlameM bhAratavarSakI paramparAke anusAra sarvajJatAkA sambandha bhI mokSake hI sAtha thaa| mumukSuoMmeM vicAraNIya viSaya to yaha thA ki mokSake mArgakA kisane sAkSAtkAra kiyA ? yahI mokSamArga dharma zabdase nirdiSTa hotA hai| ataH vivAdakA viSaya yaha rahA ki dharmakA sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ? eka pakSakA, jisake anugAmI zabara, kumArila Adi mImAMsaka haiM, kahanA thA ki dharma jaisI atIndriya vastuoMko hamaloga pratyakSase nahIM jAna sakate / dharmake sambandhameM vedakA hI antima aura nirbAdha adhikAra hai| dharmakI paribhASA "codanAlakSaNo'rthaH dharmaH" karake dharmameM vedako hI pramANa kahA hai| isa dharmajJAnameM vedako hI antima pramANa mAnane ke kAraNa unheM puruSameM atIndriyArthaviSayaka jJAnakA abhAva mAnanA pdd'aa| unhoMne puruSameM rAga, dveSa aura ajJAna Adi doSoMkI zaMkA honese atIndriyadharmapratipAdaka vedaMko puruSakRta na mAnakara apauruSeya maanaa| isa apauruSeyatvakI mAnyatAse hI puruSameM sarvajJatAkA arthAt pratyakSase honevAlI dharmajJatAko niSedha huaa| 1. "jJasyAvaraNavicchade zeyaM kimavaziSyate ?" -nyAyavi0 zlo0 465 / "jJo zeye kathamajJaH syAdasati prtibndhke| dAhye'gnirdAhako na syAdasati pratibandhake // " --uddhRta aSTasaha0 pR0 50 /

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pramANamImAMsA 213 A0 kumArila spaSTa likhate haiM ki sarvajJatvake niSedhase hamArA tAtparya kevala dharmajJatvake niSedhase hai| yadi koI puruSa dharmake sivAya saMsArake anya samasta arthoMko jAnanA cAhatA hai, to bhale hI jAne, hameM koI Apatti nahIM, para dharmakA jJAna kevala vedake dvArA hI hogA, pratyakSAdi pramANoMse nhiiN| isa taraha dharmako vedake dvArA tathA dharmAtirikta zeSa padArthoMko yathAsambhava anumAnAdi pramANoMse jAnakara yadi koI puruSa ToTalameM sarvajJa banatA hai taba bhI koI virodha nahIM hai| dUsarA pakSa bauddhakA hai| ye buddhako dharma-caturAryasatyakA sAkSAtkArakartA mAnate haiN| inakA kahanA hai ki buddhane apane bhAsvara jJAnake dvArA duHkha, samudayaduHkhake kAraNa, nirodha-nirvANa, mArga-nirvANake upAya isa caturAryasatyarUpa dharmakA pratyakSa darzana kiyA hai| ataH dhamake viSayameM dharmadraSTA sugata hI antima pramANa haiN| ve karuNA karake kaSAyajvAlAse jhulase hue saMsArI jIvoMke uddhArakI bhAvanAse upadeza dete haiN| isa matake samarthaka dharmakIrtine likhA hai ki 'saMsArake samasta padArthoMkA koI puruSa sAkSAtkAra karatA hai yA nahIM, hama isa nirarthaka bAtake jhagar3emeM nahIM par3anA cAhate / hama to yaha jAnanA cAhate haiM ki usane iSTa tattvadharmako jAnA hai ki nahIM ? mokSamArgameM anupayogI duniyA~ bharake kIr3e-makor3oM Adi kI saMkhyAke parijJAnakA bhalA mokSamArgase kyA sambandha hai ? dharmakIrti sarvajJatAkA siddhAntataH virodha nahIM karake use nirarthaka avazya batalAte haiN| ve sarvajJatAke samarthakoMse kahate haiM ki mImAMsakoMke sAmane sarvajJatA-trikAla-trilokavartI samasta padArthoMkA pratyakSase jJAna-para jora kyoM dete ho ? asalI vivAda to dharmajJatAmeM hai ki dharmake viSayameM dharmake sAkSAtkartAko pramANa mAnA jAya yA vedako ? usa dharmamArgake sAkSAtkArake liye dharmakIrtine AtmA ( jJAnapravAha) se doSoMkA atyantoccheda mAnA aura nairAtmyabhAvanA Adi usake sAdhana batAye / 1. dharmazatvaniSedhazca kevalo'tropayujyate / sarvamanyadvijAnaMstu puruSaH kena vAryate // -tattvasaM0 kA0 3128 ( kumArilake nAmase uddhRta ) 2. 'tasmAdanuSTheyagataM jJAnamasya vicAryatAm / koTasaMkhyAparijJAnaM tasya naH kvopayujyate // 33 // dUraM pazyatu vA mA vA tattvamiSTaM tu pazyatu / pramANaM dUradarzI cedetAn gRddhAnupAsmahe // 35 // -pramANavA0 1133,35 /

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214 jainadarzana ____ tAtparya yaha ki jahA~ kumArilane pratyakSase dharmajJatAkA niSedha karake dharmake viSayameM vedakA hI avyAhata adhikAra svIkAra kiyA hai, vahA~ dharmakotine pratyakSase hI dharma-mokSamArgakA sAkSAtkAra mAnakara pratyakSake dvArA honevAlI dharmajJatAkA joroMse sarmathana kiyA hai| dharmakItike TIkAkAra prajJAkaraguptane sugatako dharmajJake sAtha-hI-sAtha sarvajJatrikAlavartI yAvatpadArthoM kA jJAtA-bhI siddha kiyA hai aura likhA hai ki sugatakI taraha anya yogI bhI sarvajJa ho sakate haiM yadi ve apanI sAdhaka avasthAmeM rAgAdinirmuktikI taraha sarvajJatAke lie bhI yatna kreN| jinane vItarAgatA prApta kara lI hai, ve cAheM to thor3ese prayatnase hI sarvajJa bana sakate haiN| A0 zAntarakSita bhI isI taraha dharmajJatAsAdhanake sAtha hI sAtha sarvajJatA siddha karate haiM aura sarvajJatAko ve zaktirUpase sabhI vItarAgoMmeM mAnate haiN| koI bhI vItarAga jaba cAhe taba jisa kisI bhI vastukA sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai| yogadarzana aura vaizeSika darzanameM yaha sarvajJatA aNimA Adi RddhiyoMkI taraha eka vibhUti hai, jo sabhI vItarAgoMke lie avazya hI prAptavya nahIM hai| hA~, jo isakI sAdhanA karegA use yaha prApta ho sakatI hai| jaina dArzanikoMne prArambhase hI trikAla-trilokavartI yAvatjJeyoMke pratyakSadarzanake arthameM sarvajJatA mAnI hai aura usakA samarthana bhI kiyA hai| yadyapi tarkayugase pahale "je ege jANai se savve jANai" [ AcA0 sU0 1 / 23 ]-jo 1. 'tato'sya vItarAgatve sarvArthAnasaMbhavaH / samAhitasya sakalaM cakAstIti vinizcitam // sarveSAM vItarAgANAmetat karamAnna vidyate ? rAgAdikSayamAne hi tairyatnasya pravartanAt // punaH kAlAntare teSAM sarvajJaguNarAgiNAm / alpayatnena sarvazatvasya siddhiravAritA // ___-pramANavArtikAlaM0 pR0 326 / 2. 'yadyadicchati borbu vA tattadvetti niyogataH / zaktirevaMvidhA tasya prahoNAvaraNo hysau|' -tattvasaM0 kA0 3328 / 3. 'saI bhagavaM uppaNNaNANadarisI savvaloe sabajIve savvabhAve samma samaM jANAdi passadi vihrditti|' -paTkhaM0 payaDi0 sU0 78 / 'se bhagavaM arahaM jiNe kevalI savvannU savvabhAvadarisI."savvaloe savvajIvANaM savvabhAvAI jANamANe pAsamANe evaM ca NaM vihri|' -AcA0 2 / 3 / pR0 425 /

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pramANamImAMsA 215 eka AtmAko jAnatA hai vaha saba padArthoMko jAnatA hai, ityAdi vAkya, jo sarvajJatAke mukhya sAdhaka nahIM haiM, pAye jAte haiM, para tarkayugameM inakA jaisA cAhie vaisA upayoga nahIM huaa| AcArya kundakundane niyamasArake zuddhopayogAdhikAra ( gAthA 158 ) meM likhA hai ki 'kevalI bhagavAn samasta padArthoMko jAnate aura dekhate haiM' yaha kathana vyavahAranayase hai| parantu nizcayase ve apane AtmasvarUpako hI dekhate aura jAnate haiN| isase spaSTa phalita hotA hai ki kevalIkI parapadArthajJatA vyAvahArika hai, naizcayika nhiiN| vyavahAranayako abhUtArtha aura nizcayanayako bhUtArthaparamArtha svIkAra karanekI mAnyatAse sarvajJatAkA paryavasAna antataH AtmajJatAmeM hI hotA hai| yadyapi unhIM kundakundAcAryake anya granthoMmeM sarvajJatAke vyAvahArika arthakA bhI varNana aura samarthana dekhA jAtA hai, para unakI nizcayadRSTi AtmajJatAkI somAko nahIM laaNghtii| inhIM A0 kundakundane pravacanasAra meM sarvaprathama kevalajJAnako trikAlavartI samasta arthoMkA jAnanevAlA likhakara Age likhA hai ki jo anantaparyAyavAle eka dravyako nahIM jAnatA vaha sabako kaise jAnatA hai ? aura jo sabako nahIM jAnatA vaha anantaparyAyavAle eka dravyako pUrI taraha kaise jAna sakatA hai ? isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jo manuSya ghaTajJAnake dvArA ghaTako jAnatA hai vaha ghaTake sAtha-hI-sAtha ghaTajJAnake svarUpakA bhI saMvedana kara hI letA hai, kyoMki pratyeka jJAna svaprakAzI hotA hai| isI taraha jo vyakti ghaTako jAnanekI zakti rakhanevAle ghaTajJAnakA yathAvat svarUpapariccheda karatA hai vaha ghaTako to arthAt hI jAna letA hai, kyoMki usa zaktikA yathAvat vizleSaNapUrvaka parijJAna vizeSaNabhUta ghaTako jAne binA ho hI nahIM sktaa| isI prakAra AtmAmeM anantajJeyoMke jAnanekI zakti hai| ataH jo saMsArake anantajJeyoMko jAnatA hai vaha anantajJeyoMke jAnanekI zakti rakhanevAle pUrNajJAnasvarUpa AtmAko jAna hI letA hai aura jo anantajJeyoMke jAnanekI zakti1. 'jANadi passadi savvaM vavahAraNaeNa kevalI bhagavaM / kevalaNANo jANadi passadi NiyameNa appANaM // ' 2. 'jaM takkAliyamidaraM jANadi jugavaM samaMtado savvaM / atthaM vicittavisamaM taM NANaM khAiyaM bhaNiyaM // jo Na vijANadi jugavaM atthe tikkAlige tihuvnntthe| NAdu tassa Na sakkaM savajjayagaM davvamegaM vA // davvaM aNaMtapajjayamegamaNaMtANi davvajAdANi / Na vijANAdi jadi jugavaM kadhaM so savvANi jANAdi // ' -pravacanasAra 1 / 47-49 /

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216 jainadarzana vAle pUrNajJAnasvarUpa AtmAko yathAvat vizleSaNa karake jAnatA hai vaha una zaktiyoMke upayogasthAnabhUta anantapadArthoMko bhI jAna hI letA hai; kyoMki anantajJeya to usa jJAnake vizeSaNa haiM aura vizeSyakA jJAna honepara vizeSaNakA jJAna avazya ho hI jAtA hai| jaise jo vyakti ghaTapratibimbavAle darpaNako jAnatA hai vaha ghaTako bhI jAnatA hai aura jo ghaTako jAnatA hai vahI darpaNameM Aye hue ghaTake pratibimbakA vAstavika vizleSaNapUrvaka yathAvat parijJAna kara sakatA hai| 'jo ekako jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai' isakA yahI rahasya hai| samantabhadra Adi AcAryone sUkSma, antarita aura dUravartI padArthoM kA pratyakSatva' anumeyatva hetuse siddha kiyA hai| bauddhoMkI taraha kisI bhI jainagranthameM dharmazatA aura sarvajJatAkA vibhAjana kara unameM gauNa-mukhyabhAva nahIM batAyA hai| sabhI jaina tAkikoMne eka svarase trikAla-trilokavartI samasta padArthoke pUrNa parijJAnake arthameM sarvajJatAkA samarthana kiyA hai| dharmajJatA to ukta pUrNa sarvajJatAke garbha meM hI nihita mAna lI gaI hai| akalaMkadevane sarvajJatAkA samarthana karate hue likhA hai ki AtmAmeM samasta padArthoke jAnane kI pUrNa sAmarthya hai / saMsArI avasthAmeM usake jJAnakA jJAnAvaraNase AvRta honeke kAraNa pUrNa prakAza nahIM ho pAtA, para jaba caitanyake pratibandhaka karmoMkA pUrNa kSaya ho jAtA hai, taba usa aprApyakArI jJAnako samasta arthoke jAnanemeM kyA bAdhA hai ? yadi atIndriya padArthoMkA jJAna na ho sake, to sUrya, candra Adi jyotirgrahoMkI grahaNa Adi bhaviSyata dazAoMkA upadeza kaise ho sakegA ? jyotirjJAnopadeza avisaMvAdI aura yathArtha dekhA jAtA hai / ataH yaha mAnanA hI cAhiye ki usakA yathArtha upadeza atIndriyArthadarzanake binA nahIM ho sktaa| jaise satyasvapnadarzana indriyAdikI sahAyatAke binA hI bhAvI rAjyalAbha AdikA yathArtha spaSTa jJAna karAtA hai tathA vizada hai, usI taraha sarvajJakA jJAna bhI bhAvI padArthoM meM saMvAdaka aura spaSTa hotA hai| jaise praznavidyA yA IkSaNikAdividyA 1. 'sUkSmAntaritadUrArthAH pratyakSAH kasyacidyathA / anumeyatvato'gnyAdiriti sarvazasaMsthitiH // ' -AptamI0 zlo0 5 / 2. dekho, nyAya vi0 zlo0 465 / 3. 'dhIratyantaparokSe'rthe na cetpuMsAM kutaH punaH / jyotirzAnAvisaMvAdaH zrutAccetsAdhanAntaram // ' __-siddhivi0 TI0 li. pR0 413 / nyAyavi0 zloka 414 / 4. dekho, nyAyavinizcaya zloka 407 /

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pramANamImAMsA 217 atIndriya padArthoMkA spaSTa bhAna karA detI hai; usI taraha atIndriyajJAna bhI spaSTa pratibhAsaka hotA hai| ___AcArya vIrasena svAmIne jayadhavalA TIkAmeM kevalajJAnako siddhike lie eka navIna hI yukti dI hai / ve likhate haiM ki kevalajJAna hI AtmAkA svabhAva hai / yahI kevalajJAna jJAnAvaraNakarmase AvRta hotA hai aura AvaraNake kSayopazamake anusAra matijJAna Adike rUpameM prakaTa hotA hai| to jaba hama matijJAna AdikA svasaMvedana karate haiM taba usa rUpase aMzI kevalajJAnakA bhI aMzataH svasaMvedana ho jAtA hai / jaise parvatake eka aMzako dekhane para bhI pUrNa parvatakA vyavahArataH pratyakSa mAnA jAtA hai usI taraha matijJAnAdi avayavoMko dekhakara avayavIrUpa kevalajJAna yAnI jJAnasAmAnyakA pratyakSa bhI svasaMvedanase ho jAtA hai| yahA~ AcAryane kevalajJAnako jJAnasAmAnya rUpa mAnA hai aura usakI siddhi svasaMvedana pratyakSase kI hai| ___ akalaMkadevane aneka sAdhaka pramANoMko batAkara jisa eka mahattvapUrNa hetukA prayoga kiyA hai vaha hai'-'sunizcitAsaMbhavabAdhakapramANatva' arthAt bAdhaka pramANoMkI asaMbhavatAkA pUrNa nizcaya honA / kisI bhI vastuko sattA siddha karaneke liye yahI 'bAdhakA'bhAva' svayaM eka balavAn sAdhaka pramANa ho sakatA hai| jaise 'maiM sukhI hU~' yahA~ sukhakA sAdhaka pramANa yahI ho sakatA hai ki mere sukhI honemeM koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai| cUMki sarvajJako sattAmeM bhI koI bAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai / ataH usakI nirbAdha sattA honI cAhiye / isa hetuke samarthanameM unhoMne prativAdiyoMke dvArA kalpita bAdhAoMkA nirAkaraNa isa prakAra kiyA hai- prazna-arhanta sarvajJa nahIM haiM, kyoMki ve vaktA haiM aura puruSa haiN| jaise koI galImeM ghUmanevAlA AvArA AdamI / uttara-vaktRtva aura sarvajJatvakA koI virodha nahIM hai| vaktA bhI ho sakatA hai aura sarvajJa bhii| yadi jJAnake vikAsameM vacanoMkA hrAsa dekhA jAtA to usake atyanta vikAsameM vacanoMkA atyanta hrAsa hotaH, para dekhA to usase ulaTA hI jAtA hai| jyoM-jyoM jJAnakI vRddhi hotI hai tyoM-tyoM vacanoMmeM prakarSatA hI AtI hai| prazna-vaktRtvakA sambandha vivakSAse hai, ataH icchArahita nirmohI sarvajJameM vacanoMkI saMbhAvanA kaise hai ? 1. "asti sarvajJaH sunizcitAsaMbhavadbAdhakrapramANatvAt mukhAdivat / " -siddhivi0 TI0 li0 pR0 421 /

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218 jainadarzana uttara-vivakSAkA vaktRtvase koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai| mandabuddhi zAstrako vivakSA honepara bhI zAstrakA vyAkhyAna nahIM kara paataa| suSupta aura macchita Adi avasthAoMmeM vivakSA na rahanepara bhI vacanoMkI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / ataH vivakSA aura vacanoMmeM koI avinAbhAva nahIM baiThAyA jA sakatA / caitanya aura indriyoMkI paTutA hI vacanapravRttimeM kAraNa hai aura inakA sarvajJatvase koI virodha nahIM hai| athavA, vacanoMmeM vivakSAko kAraNa mAna bhI liyA jAya para satya aura hitakAraka vacanoMko utpanna karanevAlI vivakSA sadoSa kaise ho sakatI hai ? phira, tIrthaMkarake to pUrva puNyAnubhAvase ba~dhI huI tIrthaMkara prakRtike udayase vacanoMkI pravRtti hotI hai| jagatke kalyANake lie unakI puNyadezanA hotI hai| ____ isI taraha nirdoSa vItarAgI puruSatvakA sarvajJAtAse koI virodha nahIM hai| puruSa bhI ho jAya aura sarvajJa bhii| yadi isa prakArake vyabhicArI arthAt avinAbhAvazUnya hetuoMse sAdhyakI siddhi kI jAtI hai; to inhIM hetuoMse jaiminimeM vedajJatAkA bhI abhAva siddha kiyA jA skegaa| prazna-hameM kisI bhI pramANase sarvajJa upalabdha nahIM hotA, ataH anupalambha honese usakA abhAva hI mAnanA cAhiye ? uttara-pUrvokta anumAnoMse jaba sarvajJa siddha ho jAtA hai taba anupalambha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? yaha anupalambha Apako hai yA sabako ? 'hamAre cittameM jo vicAra hai' unakA anupalambha Apako hai, para isase hamAre cittake vicAroMkA abhAva to nahIM ho jaaygaa| ataH svopalambha anaikAntika hai| duniyA~meM hamAre dvArA anupalabdha asaMkhya padArthoM kA astitva hai hii| 'sabako sarvajJakA anupalambha hai' yaha bAta to sabake jJAnoMko jAnanevAlA sarvajJa hI kaha sakatA hai, asarvajJa nhiiN| ataH sarvAnupalambha asiddha hI hai| prazna-jJAnameM tAratamya dekhakara kahIM usake atyanta prakarSakI sambhAvanA karake jo sarvajJa siddha kiyA jAtA hai usameM prakarSatAkI eka sImA hotI hai| koI U~cA kUdanevAlA vyakti abhyAsase to dasa hAtha hI U~cA kU~da sakatA hai, vaha cira abhyAsake bAda bhI eka mIla U~cA to nahIM ka~da sakatA ? ___ uttara-kUdanekA sambandha zarIrakI zaktise hai, ataH usakA jitanA prakarSa sambhava hai, utanA hI hogaa| parantu jJAnakI zakti to ananta hai| vaha jJAnAvaraNase AvRta honeke kAraNa apane pUrNarUpameM vikasita nahIM ho pA rahI hai| dhyAnAdi sAdhanAoMse usa Agantuka AvaraNakA jaise-jaise kSaya kiyA jAtA hai vaise-vaise jJAnakI svarUpajyoti usI taraha prakAzamAna hone lagatI haiM jaisA ki meghoMke haTane

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pramANamImAMsA 19 para sUryakA prakAza / apane anantazaktivAle jJAna guNake vikAsakI paramaprakarSa avasthA hI sarvajJatA hai| AtmAke guNa jo karmavAsanAoMse AvRta haiM, ve samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritrarUpa sAdhanAoMse prakaTa hote haiM / jaise ki kisI iSTajanakI bhAvanA karanese usakA sAkSAt spaSTa darzana hotA hai| prazna-yadi sarvajJake jJAnameM anAdi aura ananta jhalakate haiM to unakI anAditA aura anantatA nahIM raha sakatI ? uttara-jo padArtha jaise haiM ve vaise hI jJAnameM pratibhAsita hote haiN| yadi AkAzakI kSetrakRta aura kAlakI samayakRta anantatA hai to vaha usI rUpameM jJAnakA viSaya hotI hai| yadi dravya ananta haiM to ve bhI usI rUpameM hI jJAnameM pratibhAsita hote haiM / maulika dravyakA dravyatva yahI hai jo vaha anAdi aura ananta ho| usake isa nija svabhAvako anyathA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura na anya rUpameM vaha kevalajJAnakA viSaya ho hotA hai| ataH jagatke svarUpabhUta anAdi anantatvakA usI rUpameM jJAna hotA hai| prazna-AgamameM kahe gaye sAdhanoMkA anuSThAna karake sarvajJatA prApta hotI hai aura sarvajJake dvArA Agama kahA jAtA hai, ataH donoM parasparAzrita honese asiddha haiM ? uttara-sarvajJa AgamakA kAraka hai| prakRta sarvajJakA jJAna pUrvasarvajJake dvArA pratipAdita AgamArthake AcaraNase utpanna hotA hai aura pUrvasarvajJakA jJAna tatpUrva sarvajJake dvArA pratipAdita AgamArthake aacrnnse| isa taraha pUrva-pUrva sarvajJa aura AgamoMkI zRMkhalA bIjAMkura santatikI taraha anAdi hai| aura anAdi santatimeM anyonyAzraya doSakA vicAra nahIM hotA / mukhya prazna yaha hai ki kyA Agama sarvajJake binA ho sakatA hai ? aura puruSa sarvajJa ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ? donoMkA uttara yaha hai ki puruSa apanA vikAsa karake sarvajJa bana sakatA hai, aura usIke guNoMse vacanoMmeM pramANatA Akara ve vacana Agama nAma pAte haiN| prazna-jaba Ajakala prAyaH puruSa rAgI, dveSI aura ajJAnI hI dekhe jAte haiM taba atIta yA bhaviSyameM kabhI kisI pUrNa vItarAgI yA sarvajJa kI sambhAvanA kaise ko jA sakatI hai ? kyoMki puruSakI zaktiyoMko sImAkA ullaMghana nahIM ho sakatA ? uttara-yadi hama puruSAtizayako nahIM jAna sakate, to isase usakA abhAva nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| anyathA Ajakala koI vedakA pUrNa jAnakAra nahIM dekhA jAtA, to atItakAlameM 'jaiminiko bhI vedajJAna nahIM thA, yaha prasaGga prApta hogaa|

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220 jainadarzana hameM to yaha vicAranA hai ki AtmAke pUrNajJAnakA vikAsa ho sakatA hai yA nahIM? aura jaba AtmAkA svarUpa anantajJAnamaya hai taba usake vikAsameM kyA bAdhA hai jo AvaraNakI bAdhA hai, vaha sAdhanAse usI taraha haTa sakatI hai, jaise agnimeM tapAnese sonekA maila / prazna-sarvajJa jaba rAgI AtmAke rAgakA yA duHkhakA sAkSAtkAra karatA hai taba vaha svayaM rAgI aura duHkhI ho jAyagA ? uttara-duHkha yA rAgako jAna lene mAtrase koI duHkhI yA rAgI nahIM hotaa| rAgI to, AtmA jaba svayaM rAga rUpase pariNamana kare, tabhI hotA hai| kyA koI zrotriya brAhmaNa madirAke rasakA jJAna rakhane mAtrase madyapAyI kahA jA sakatA hai ? rAgake kAraNa mohanIya Adi karma sarvajJase atyanta ucchinna ho gaye haiM, vaha pUrNa vItarAga hai, ataH parake rAga yA duHkha ke jAna lene mAtrase usameM rAga yA duHkharUpa pariNati nahIM ho sktii| prazna-sarvajJa azuci padArthoM ko jAnatA hai to use usake rasAsvAdanakA doSa laganA cAhie ? uttara-jJAna sarI vastu hai aura rasakA AsvAdana dUsarI vastu hai / AsvAdana rasanA indriyake dvArA AnevAlA svAda hai jo indriyAtIta jJAnavAle sarvajJake hotA hI nahIM hai / usakA jJAna to atIndriya hai| phira jAna lene mAtrase rasAsvAdanakA doSa nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki doSa lo taba lagatA hai jaba svayaM usameM lipta huA jAya aura tadrUpa pariNati kI jAya, jo sarvajJa vItarAgImeM hotI nhiiN| prazna-sarvajJa ko dharmI banAkara diye jAnevAle koI bhI hetu yadi bhAvadharma yAnI bhAvAtmaka sarvajJa ke dharma haiM; to asiddha ho jAte haiM ? yadi abhAvAtmaka sarvajJake dharma haiM; to viruddha ho jAyage aura yadi ubhayAtmaka sarvajJake dharma haiM; to anaikAntika ho jAya~ge ? ___ uttara-'sarvajJa' ko dharmI nahIM banAte haiM, kintu dharmI 'kazcidAtmA' 'koI AtmA' hai, jo prasiddha hai / 'kisI AtmAmeM sarvajJatA honI cAhie, kyoMki pUrNajJAna AtmAkA svabhAva hai aura pratibandhaka kAraNa haTa sakate haiM, ityAdi anumAnaprayogoMmeM 'AtmA' ko hI dharmI banAyA jAtA hai, ataH ukta doSa nahIM Ate / prazna-sarvajJake sAdhaka aura bAdhaka donoM prakArake pramANa nahIM milate, ataH saMzaya ho jAnA cAhie? uttara-sarvajJake sAdhaka pramANa Upara batAye jA cuke haiM aura bAdhaka pramANoMkA nirAkaraNa bhI kiyA jA cukA hai, ataH sandehakI bAta bebuniyAda hai| trikAla

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pramANamImAMsA 221 aura trilokameM sarvajJakA abhAva sarvajJa bane binA kiyA hI nahIM jA sktaa| jaba taka hama trikAla trilokavartI samasta puruSoMkI asarvajJake rUpameM jAnakArI nahIM kara lete taba taka saMsArako sadA sarvatra sarvajJa zUnya kaise kaha sakate haiM ? aura yadi aisI jAnakAro kisIko saMbhava hai; to vahI vyakti sarvajJa siddha ho jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIrake samayameM svayaM unakI prasiddhi sarvajJake rUpameM thii| unake ziSya unheM sote, jAgate, hara hAlatameM jJAna-darzanavAlA sarvajJa kahate the| pAlI piTakoMmeM unakI sarvajJatAkI parIkSAke eka do prakaraNa haiM, jinameM sarvajJatAkA eka prakArase upahAsa hI kiyA hai| nyAyabindu nAmaka granthameM dharmakIrtine dRSTAntAbhAsoMke udAharaNameM RSabha aura vardhamAnakI sarvajJatAkA ullekha kiyA hai| isa taraha prasiddhi aura yukti donoM kSetroMmeM bauddha grantha vardhamAnakI sarvajJatAke eka tarahase virodhI ho rahe haiN| isakA kAraNa yahI mAlUma hotA hai ki buddhane svayaM apaneko kevala cAra AryasatyoMkA jJAtA hI batAyA thA, aura svayaM apaneko sarvajJa kahanese inakAra kiyA thaa| ve kevala apaneko dharmajJa yA mArgajJa mAnate the aura isIlie unhoMne AtmA, maraNottara jIvana aura lokakI sAntatA aura anantatA Adike praznoMko avyAkRta-na kahane lAyaka kahA thaa| unhoMne ina mahattvapUrNa praznoMmeM mauna hI rakhA, jaba ki mahAvIrane ina sabhI praznoMke uttara anekAntadRSTise diye aura ziSyoMkI jijJAsAkA samAdhAna kiyaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki buddha kevala dharmajJa the aura mahAvIra sarvajJa / yahI kAraNa hai ki bauddha granthoMmeM mukhya sarvajJatA siddha karanekA joradAra prayatna nahIM dekhA jAtA, jaba ki jaina granthoM meM prArambhase hI isakA prabala samarthana milatA hai| AtmAko jJAnasvabhAva mAnaneke bAda nirAvaraNa dazAmeM anantajJAna yA sarvajJatAkA prakaTa honA svAbhAvika hI hai| sarvajJatAkA vyAvahArika rUpa kucha bhI ho, para jJAnakI zuddhatA aura paripUrNatA asambhava nahIM hai / parokSa pramANa : ___ AgamoMmeM matijJAna aura zrutajJAnako parokSa' aura smRti, saMjJA, cintA aura abhinibodhako matijJAnakA paryAya kahA hI thA3, ataH AgamameM sAmAnyarUpase smRti, saMjJA ( pratyabhijJAna ), cintA ( tarka ), abhinibodha ( anumAna ) aura zruta (Agama ) inheM parokSa mAnanekA spaSTa mArga nirdiSTa thA hI, kevala mati 1. 'yaH sarvajJaH Apto vA sa jyotirsaanaadikmupdissttvaan| tadyathA RSabhavardhamAnAdiriti / ____ tatrAsarvajJatAnAptatayoH sAdhyadharmayoH sandigdho vyatirekaH / ' -nyAyabi0 3 / 131 / 2. 'Adya parokSam / ' -ta0 sU0 110 / 3. 'tattvArthasUtra' 113 /

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222 jainadarzana ( indriya aura manase utpanna honevAlA pratyakSa ) ko parokSa mAnanepara lokavirodhakA prasaMga thA, jise sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa mAnakara hala kara liyA gayA thaa| akalaMkadevake isa sambandhameM do mata upalabdha hote haiN| ve rAjavAtikameM anumAna Adi jJAnoMko svapratipattike samaya anakSarazruta aura parapratipattikAlameM akSarazruta kahate haiM / unane laghIyastraya ( kArikA 67 ) meM smRti, pratyabhijJAna, cintA aura abhinibodhako manomati batAyA hai aura kArikA 10 meM mati, smRti Adi jJAnoMko zabdayojanAke pahale sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa aura zabdayojanA honepara unhIM jJAnoMko zruta kahA hai| isa taraha sAmAnyarUpase matijJAnako parokSakI sImAmeM Anepara bhI usake eka aMza-matiko sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kahanekI aura zeSasmati Adika jJAnoMko parokSa kahane kI bhedaka rekhA kyA ho sakatI hai ? yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai / isakA samAdhAna parokSake lakSaNase hI ho jAtA hai| avizada arthAt aspaSTa jJAnako parokSa kahate haiM / vizadatAkA artha hai, jJAnAntaranirapekSatA / jo jJAna apanI utpattimeM kisI dUsare jJAnakI apekSA rakhatA ho arthAt jisameM jJAnAntarakA vyavadhAna ho, vaha jJAna avizada hai| pA~ca indriya aura manake vyApArase utpanna honevAle indriyapratyakSa aura anindriyapratyakSa cUMki kevala indriyavyApArase utpanna hote haiM, anya kisI jJAnAntarakI apekSA nahIM rakhate, isalie aMzataH vizada honese pratyakSa haiM, jaba ki smaraNa apanI utpattimeM pUrvAnubhavakI, pratyabhijJAna apanI utpattimeM smaraNa aura pratyakSakI, tarka apanI utpattimeM smaraNa, pratyakSa aura pratyabhijJAnakI, anumAna apanI utpattimeM liGgadarzana aura vyAtismaraNakI tathA zruta apanI utpattimeM zabdazravaNa aura saMketasmaraNakI apekSA rakhate haiM, ataH ye saba jJAnAntarasApekSa honeke kAraNa avizada haiM aura parokSa haiN| ___ yadyapi IhA, avAya aura dhAraNA jJAna apanI utpattimeM pUrva-pUrva pratItikI apekSA rakhate haiM tathApi ye jJAna navIna-navIna indriyavyApArase utpanna hote haiM aura eka hI padArthakI vizeSa avasthAoMko viSaya karanevAle haiM, ataH kisI bhinnaviSayaka jJAnase vyavahita nahIM honeke kAraNa sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa hI haiN| eka hI jJAna dUsare-dUsare indriyavyApAroMse avagraha Adi atizayoMko prApta karatA huA anubhavameM AtA hai; ataH jJAnAntarakA avyavadhAna yahA~ siddha ho jAtA hai| parokSajJAna pA~ca prakArakA hotA hai-smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura 1. 'zAnamAdyamatiH saMjJA cintA cAbhinibodhakam / prAGnAmayojanAccheSaM zrutaM zabdAnuyojanAt // 10 // '

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pramANamImAMsA 223 aagm| parokSa pramANakI isa taraha sunizcita sImA akalaMkadevane hI sarvaprathama bA~dhI hai aura yaha Ageke samasta jainAcAryoM dvArA svIkRta rhii| cArvAkake parokSapramANa na mAnanekI AlocanA : cArvAka pratyakSa pramANase bhinna kisI anya parokSa pramANakI sattA nahIM mAnatA / pramANakA lakSaNa avisaMvAda karake usane yaha batAyA hai ki indriyapratyakSake sivAya anya jJAna sarvathA avisaMvAdI nahIM hote| anumAnAdi pramANa bahuta kucha saMbhAvanApara calate haiM aura aisA kahanekA kAraNa yaha hai ki deza, kAla aura AkArake bhedase pratyeka padArthakI ananta zaktiyA~ aura abhivyaktiyA~ hotI haiN| unameM avyabhicArI avinAbhAvakA DhUMDha lenA atyanta kaThina hai| jo A~vale yahA~ kaSAyarasavAle dekhe jAte haiM, ve dezAntara aura kAlAntarameM dravyAntarakA sambandha honepara mIThe rasavAle bhI ho sakate haiN| kahIM-kahIM dhUma sA~pakI vAmIse nikalatA huA dekhA jAtA hai / ataH anumAnakA zata-pratizata avisaMvAdI honA asambhava bAta hai / yahI bAta smaraNAdi pramANoMke sambandhameM hai| parantu anumAna pramANake mAne binA pramANa aura pramANAbhAsakA viveka bhI nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| avisaMvAdake AdhArapara amuka jJAnoMmeM pramANatAkI vyavasthA karanA aura amuka jJAnoMko avisaMvAdake abhAvameM apramANa kahanA anumAna hI to hai / dUsarekI buddhikA jJAna anumAnake binA nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki buddhikA indriyoMke dvArA pratyakSa asambhava hai| vaha to vyApAra, vacanaprayoga Adi kAryoMko dekhakara hI anumita hotI hai| jina kAryakAraNabhAvoM yA avinAbhAvoMkA hama nirNaya na kara sake athavA jinameM vyabhicAra dekhA jAya unase honevAlA anumAna bhale hI bhrAnta ho jAya, para avyabhicArI kArya-kAraNabhAva Adike AdhArase honevAlA anumAna apanI sImAmeM visaMvAdI nahIM ho sakatA / paraloka Adike niSedhake lie bhI cArvAkako anumAnakI hI zaraNa lenI par3atI hai / vAmIse nikalanevAlI bhApha aura agnise utpanna honevAle dhuAMmeM viveka nahIM kara sakanA to pramAtAkA aparAdha hai, anumAnakA nahIM / yadi sImita kSetrameM padArthoM ke sunizcita kArya-kAraNabhAva na baiThAye jA sakeM, to jagatkA samasta vyavahAra hI naSTa ho jAyagA / yaha ThIka hai ki jo anumAna Adi visaMvAdI nikala jAya unheM anumAnAbhAsa kahA jA sakatA hai, para isase nirduSTa avinAbhAvake AdhArase honevAlA anumAna kabhI mithyA nahIM 1. pramANetarasAmAnyasthiteranyadhiyo gateH / pramANAntarasadbhAvaH pratiSedhAcca kasyacit // -dharmakIrtiH (pramANamI0 pR0 8) /

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224 jainadarzana ho sktaa| yaha to pramAtAkI kuzalatApara nirbhara karatA hai ki vaha padArthoMke kitane aura kaise sUkSma yA sthUla kArya-kAraNabhAvako jAnatA hai / Aptake vAkyakI pramANatA hameM vyavahArake lie mAnanA hI par3atI hai, anyathA samasta sAMsArika vyavahAra chinnavicchinna ho jAyeMge / manuSyake jJAnakI koI sImA nahIM hai, ataH apanI maryAdAmeM parokSajJAna bhI avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hI hai| yaha khulA rAstA hai ki jo jJAna jisa aMzameM visaMvAdI hoM unheM usa aMzameM pramANa mAnA jaay| 1. smaraNa : 'saMskArakA udbodha honepara smaraNa utpanna hotA hai| yaha atItakAlIna padArthako viSaya karatA hai| aura isameM 'tat' zabdakA ullekha avazya hotA hai / yadyapi smaraNakA viSayabhUta padArtha sAmane nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha hamAre pUrva anubhavakA viSaya to thA hI, aura usa anubhavakA dRr3ha saMskAra hameM sAdRzya Adi aneka nimittoMse usa padArthako manameM jhalakA detA hai| isa smaraNakI badaulata hI jagatke samasta lena-dena Adi vyavahAra cala rahe haiN| vyAptismaraNake binA anumAna aura saMketasmaraNake binA kisI prakArake zabdakA prayoga hI nahIM ho sktaa| guruziSyAdi-sambandha, pitA-putrabhAva tathA anya aneka prakArake prema, ghRNA, karuNA Adi mUlaka samasta jIvana-vyavahAra smaraNake hI AbhArI haiM / saMskRti, sabhyatA aura itihAsakI paramparA smaraNake sUtrase hI hama taka AyI hai| smRtiko apramANa kahanekA mUla kAraNa usakA 'gRhItagrAhI honA' batAyA jAtA hai| usakI anubhavaparatantratA pramANavyavahArameM bAdhaka banatI hai| anubhava jisa padArthako jisa rUpameM jAnatA hai, smRti usase adhikako nahIM jAnatI aura na usake kisI naye aMzakA hI bodha karatI hai| vaha pUrvAnubhavakI maryAdAmeM hI sImita hai, balki kabhI-kabhI to anubhavase kamakI hI smRti hotI hai| ___ vaidika paramparAmeM smRtiko svatantra pramANa na mAnanekA eka hI kAraNa hai ki manusmRti aura yAjJavalkya Adi smRtiyA~ puruSavizeSake dvArA racI gaI haiM / yadi eka bhI jagaha unakA prAmANya svIkAra kara liyA jAtA hai, to vedakI apauruSeyatA aura usakA dharmaviSayaka nirbAdha antima prAmANya samApta ho jAtA hai| ataH smRtiyA~ vahIM taka pramANa haiM jahA~taka ve zrutikA anugamana karatI haiM, yAnI zruti svataH pramANa hai aura smRtiyoMmeM pramANatAkI chAyA zrutimUlaka honese hI par3a rahI hai| isa taraha jaba eka bAra smRtiyoMmeM zrutiparatantratAke kAraNa svataHprAmANya 1.. 'saMskArobodhaniyandhanA tadityAkArA smRtiH|-priikssaamukh 3 / 3 /

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pramANamImAMsA 225 niSiddha huA, taba anya vyAvahArika smRtiyoMmeM usa paratantratAkI chApa anubhavAdhIna honeke kAraNa barAbara cAlU rahI aura yaha vyavasthA huI ki jo smRtiyA~ pUrvAnubhavakA anugamana karatI haiM ve hI pramANa haiM, anubhavake bAharakI smRtiyA~ pramANa nahIM ho sakatIM, arthAt smRtiyA~ satya hokara bhI anubhavako pramANatAke balapara hI avi. saMvAdinI siddha ho pAtI haiM; apane balapara nhiiN| bhaTTa jayanta' ne smRtikI apramANatAkA kAraNa gRhIta-grAhitva na batAkara usakA 'arthase utpanna na honA' batAyA hai; parantu jaba arthako jJAnamAtrake prati kAraNatA hI siddha nahIM hai, taba arthajanyatvako pramANatAkA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sakatA ! pramANatAkA AdhAra to avisaMvAda hI ho sakatA hai / gRhItagrAhI bhI zAna yadi apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI hai to usakI pramANatA surakSita hai| yadi arthajanyatvake abhAvameM smRti apramANa hotI hai to atIta aura anAgatako viSaya karanevAle anumAna bhI pramANa nahIM ho skeNge| jainoMke sivAya anya kisI bhI vAdIne smRtiko svatantra pramANa nahIM mAnA hai| jaba ki jagatke samasta vyavahAra smRtikI pramANatA aura avisaMvAdapara hI cala rahe haiM taba ve use pramANa kahanekA sAhasa to nahIM kara sakate, para pramAkA vyavahAra smRti-bhinna jJAnameM karanA cAhate haiN| dhAraNA nAmaka anubhava padArthako 'idam' rUpase jAnatA hai, jaba ki saMskArase honevAlI smRti usI padArthako 'tat' rUpase jAnatI hai| ataH use ekAnta rUpase gRhItagrAhiNI bhI nahIM kaha sakate haiM / pramANatAke do hI AdhAra haiM-avisaMvAdI honA tathA samAropakA vyavaccheda karanA / smRtiko avisaMvAditA svataH siddha hai, anyathA anumAnakI pravRtti, zabdavyavahAra aura jagatke samasta vyavahAra nirmUla ho jAya~ge / hA~, jisa-jisa smRtimeM visaMvAda ho use apramANa yA smRtyAbhAsa kahanekA mArga khulA huA hai| vismaraNa, saMzaya aura viparyAsarUpI samAropakA nirAkaraNa smRtike dvArA hotA hI hai| ataH isa avisaMvAdI jJAnako parokSarUpase pramANatA denI hI hogii| anubhavaparatantra honeke kAraNa vaha parokSa to kahI jA sakatI hai, para apramANa nahIM; kyoMki pramANatA yA apramANatAkA AdhAra anubhavasvAtantrya nahIM hai| anubhUta arthako viSaya karaneke kAraNa bhI use apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, anyathA anubhUta agniko viSaya karanevAlA anumAna bhI pramANa nahIM ho skegaa| ataH smRti pramANa hai; kyoMki vaha savaviSayameM avisaMvAdinI hai| 1. 'na smRterapramANatvaM gRhItagrAhitAkRtam / kintranarthajanyatvaM tadaprAmANyakAraNam ||'-nyaaymN0 pR0 23 /

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226 __- jainadarzana 2. pratyabhijJAna : vartamAna pratyakSa aura atIta smaraNase utpanna honevAlA saMkalanajJAna pratyabhijJAna' kahalAtA hai| yaha saMkalana ekatva, sAdRzya, vaisAdRzya, pratiyogI, ApekSika Adi aneka prakArakA hotA hai| vartamAnakA pratyakSa karake usIke atItakA smaraNa honepara 'yaha vahI hai' isa prakArakA jo mAnasika ekatvasaMkalana hotA hai, vaha ekatvapratyabhijJAna hai| isI taraha 'gAya' sarIkhA gavaya hotA hai' isa vAkyako sunakara koI vyakti vanameM jAtA hai aura sAmane gAya sarIkhe pazuko dekhakara usa vAkyakA smaraNa karatA hai, aura phira manameM nizcaya karatA hai ki yaha gavaya hai / isa prakArakA sAdRzyaviSayaka saMkalana sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna hai / 'gAyase vilakSaNa bhaisa hotI hai' isa prakArake vAkyako sunakara jisa bAr3emeM gAya aura bhaiMsa donoM maujUda haiM, vahA~ jAnevAlA manuSya gAyase vilakSaNa pazuko dekhakara ukta vAkyako smaraNa karatA hai aura nizcaya karatA hai ki yaha bhaisa hai| yaha vailakSaNyaviSayaka saMkalana vaisadRzyapratyabhijJAna hai| isI prakAra apane samIpavartI makAnake pratyakSake bAda dUravartI parvatako dekhanepara pUrvakA smaraNa karake jo 'yaha isase dUra hai' isa prakAra ApekSika jJAna hotA hai vaha gAtiyogika pratyabhijJAna hai / 'zAkhAdivAlA vRkSa hotA hai', 'eka sIMgavAlA geMDA hotA hai', 'chaha pairavAlA bhramara hotA hai ityAdi paricAyaka-zabdoMko sunakara vyaktiko una-una padArthoke dekhanepara aura pUrvokta paricayavAkyoMko smaraNakara jo 'yaha vRkSa hai, yaha geMDA hai' ityAdi jJAna utpanna hote haiM, ve saba bhI pratyabhijJAna hI haiN| tAtparya yaha ki darzana aura smaraNako nimitta banAkara jitane bhI ekatvAdi viSayaka mAnasika saMkalana hote haiM, ve sabhI pratyabhijJAna haiN| ye saba apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI aura samAropake vyavaccheda honese pramANa haiM / saH aura ayamko do jJAna mAnanevAle bauddhakA khaMDana : ___2bauddha padArthako kSaNika mAnate haiN| unake matameM vAstavika ekatva nahIM hai / 'ataH sa evAyam' 'yaha vahI hai' isa prakArakI pratItiko ve bhrAnta hI mAnate haiM, 1. 'darzanasmaraNakAraNakaM saMkalanaM pratyabhizAnam / tadevedaM tatsadRzaM tadvilakSaNaM tatprati yogItyAdi |'-priikssaamukh 3 / 5 / / 2. '...tasmAt sa evAyamiti pratyayadvayametat / ' -pramANavArtikAla0 pR0 51 / 'sa ityanena pUrvakAlasambandhI svabhAvo viSayIkriyate, ayamityanena ca vrtmaankaalsmbndhii| anayozca bhedo na kathaJcidabhedaH...' -pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 78 /

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pramANamImAMsA 227 aura isa ekatva-pratItikA kAraNa sadRza aparAparake utpAdako kahate haiN| ve 'sa evAyam' meM 'saH' aMzako smaraNa aura 'ayam' aMzako pratyakSa isa taraha do svatantra jJAna mAnakara pratyabhijJAnake astitvako hI svIkAra nahIM karanA cAhate / kintu yaha bAta jaba nizcita hai ki pratyakSa kevala vartamAnako viSaya karatA hai aura smaraNa kevala atItako; taba ina donoM sImita aura niyata viSayavAle jJAnoMke dvArA atIta aura vartamAna do paryAyoMmeM rahanevAlA ekatva kaise jAnA jA sakatA hai ? 'yaha vahI hai' isa prakArake ekatvakA apalApa karanepara baddhako hI mokSa, hatyAreko hI sajA, karja dene vAleko hI usakI dI huI rakamakI vasUlI Adi sabhI jagatke vyavahAra ucchinna ho jaayge| pratyakSa aura smaraNake bAda honevAle 'yaha vahI hai' isa jJAnako yadi vikalpa koTimeM DAlA jAtA hai to use hI pratyabhimAna mAnanemeM koI Apatti nahIM honI caahie| kintu yaha vikalpa avisaMvAdI honese svatantra pramANa hogaa| pratyabhijJAnakA lopa karanepara anumAnakI pravRtti hI nahIM ho sakatI / jisa vyaktine pahale agni aura dhUmake kAryakAraNabhAvakA grahaNa kiyA hai, vahI vyakti jaba pUrvadhUmake sadRza anya dhuA~ko dekhatA hai, tabhI gRhIta kAryakAraNabhAvakA smaraNa honepara anumAna kara pAtA hai| yahA~ ekatva aura sAdRzya donoM pratyabhijJAnoMkI AvazyakatA hai, kyoMki bhinna vyaktiko vilakSaNa padArthake dekhane para anumAna nahIM ho sktaa| bauddha jisa ekatvapratItike nirAkaraNake lie anumAna karate haiM aura jisa ekAtmAkI pratItike haTAneko nairAtmyabhAvanA bhAte haiM, yadi usa pratItikA astitva hI nahIM hai, to kSaNikatvakA anumAna kisa lie kiyA jAtA hai ? aura nairAtmya bhAvanAkA upayoga hI kyA hai ? 'jisa padArthako dekhA hai, usI padArthako maiM prApta kara rahA hU~' isa prakArake ekatvarUpa avisaMvAdake binA pratyakSameM pramANatAkA samarthana kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? yadi AtmaikatvakI pratIti hotI hI nahIM hai, to tannimittaka rAgAdirUpa saMskAra kahA~se utpanna hogA ? kaTakara phira U~ge hue nakha aura kezoMmeM 'ye vahI nakha kezAdi hai' isa prakArakI ekatvapratIti sAdRzyamUlaka honese bhale hI bhrAnta ho, parantu yaha vahI ghar3A hai' ityAdi dravyamUlaka ekatvapratItiko bhrAnta nahIM kahA jA sktaa| pratyabhijJAnakA pratyakSameM antarbhAva : mImAMsaka' ekatvapratItikI sattA mAnakara bhI use indriyoMke sAtha anvaya1. 'tenendriyArthasambandhAt prAgUla cApi yatsmRteH / vijJAnaM jAyate sarva pratyakSamiti gamyatAm // ' ----mI0 zlo0 sU0 4 zlo0 227 /

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228 jainadarzana vyatireka rakhaneke kAraNa pratyakSa pramANameM hI antarbhUta karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki smaraNake bAda yA smaraNake pahale, jo bhI jJAna indriya aura padArthake sambandhase utpanna hotA hai, vaha saba pratyakSa hai| smRti atIta astitvako jAnatI hai, pratyakSa vartamAna astitvako aura smRtisahakRta pratyakSa donoM avasthAoMmeM rahanevAle ekatva ko jAnatA hai / kintu jaba yaha nizcita hai ki cakSurAdi indriyA~ sambaddha aura vartamAna padArthako hI viSaya karatI haiM, taba smRtikI sahAyatA lekara bhI ve apane aviSayameM pravRtti kaise kara sakatI haiM ? pUrva aura vartamAna dazAmeM rahanevAlA ekatva indriyoMkA aviSaya hai, anyathA gandhasmaraNakI sahAyatAse cakSako gandha bhI suMgha lenI cAhiye / 'saikar3oM sahakArI milanepara bhI aviSayameM pravRtti nahIM ho sakatI' yaha sarvasammata siddhAnta hai| yadi indriyoMse hI pratyabhijJAna utpanna hotA hai to prathama pratyakSa kAlameM hI use utpanna honA cAhiye thaa| phira indriyA~ apane vyApArameM smRtikI apekSA bhI nahIM rkhtiiN|| naiyAyika' bhI mImAMsakoMkI taraha 'sa evA'yam' isa pratItiko eka jJAna mAnakara bhI use indriyajanya hI kahate haiM aura yukti bhI vahI dete haiM / kintu jaba indriyapratyakSa avicAraka hai taba smaraNakI sahAyatA lekara bhI vaha kaise 'yaha vahI hai, yaha usake samAna hai' ityAdi vicAra kara sakatA hai ? jayanta bhaTTane isIliye yaha kalpanA kI hai ki smaraNa aura pratyakSake bAda eka svatantra mAnasajJAna utpanna hotA hai, jo ekatvAdikA saMkalana karatA hai / yaha ucita hai, parantu ise svatantra pramANa mAnanA hI hogaa| jaina isI mAnasa saMkalanako pratyabhijJAna kahate haiN| yaha abAdhita hai, avisaMvAdI hai aura samAropakA vyavacchedaka hai, ataeva pramANa hai / jo pratyabhijJAna bAdhita tathA visaMvAdI ho, use pramANAbhAsa yA apramANa kahanekA mArga khulA huA hai| upamAna sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna hai : mImAMsaka sAdRzya pratyabhijJAnako upamAna nAmakA svatantra pramANa mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki jisa puruSane gauko dekhA hai, vaha jaba jaGgalameM gavayako dekhatA hai, aura use jaba pUrvadRSTa gaukA smaraNa AtA hai, taba 'isake samAna hai' isa prakArakA upamAna jJAna paidA hotA hai / yadyapi gavayaniSTha sAdRzya pratyakSakA viSaya ho 1. dekho, nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 pR0 139 / 2. nyAyamaJjarI pR0 461 / 3. 'pratyakSeNAvabuddhe'pi sAdRzye gavi ca smRte / viziSTasyAnyataH siddharupamAnapramANatA // ' -mI0 zlo0 upamAna0 zloka0 38 /

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pramANamImAMsA 229 rahA hai, aura goniSTha sAdRzyakA smaraNa A rahA hai, phira bhI 'isake samAna vaha hai' isa prakArakA viziSTa jJAna karaneke liye svatantra upamAna nAmaka pramANakI AvazyakatA hai| parantu yadi isa prakArase sAdhAraNa viSayabhedake kAraNa pramANoMkI saMkhyA bar3hAI jAtI hai, to 'gause vilakSaNa bhaiMsa hai' isa vailakSaNya viSayaka pratyabhijJAnako tathA 'yaha isase dUra hai, yaha isase pAsa hai, yaha isase U~cA hai, yaha isase nIcA hai' ityAdi ApekSika jJAnoMko bhI svatantra pramANa mAnanA pdd'egaa| vailakSaNyako sAdRzyAbhAva kahakara abhAvapramANakA viSaya nahIM banAyA jA sakatA; anyathA sAdRzyako bhI vailakSaNyAbhAvapa honekA tathA abhAvapramANake viSaya honekA prasaGga prApta hogaa| ataH ekatva, sAdRzya, prAtiyogika, ApekSika Adi sabhI saMkalanajJAnoMko eka pratyabhijJAnakI sImAmeM hI rakhanA caahie| naiyAyikakA upamAna bhI sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna hai : isI taraha naiyAyika' 'gaukI taraha gavaya hotA hai' isa upamAna vAkyako sunakara jaGgalameM gavayako dekhanevAle puruSako honevAlI 'yaha gavaya zabdakA vAcya hai' isa prakArako saMjJA-saMjIsambandhapratipattiko upamAna pramANa mAnate haiN| unheM bhI mImAMsakoMkI taraha vailakSaNya, prAtiyogika tathA ApekSika saMkalanoMko tathA etanimittaka saMjJAsaMjJIsambandhapratipattiko pRthaka-pRthak pramANa mAnanA hogA / ataH ina saba vibhinnaviSayaka saMkalana jJAnoMko eka pratyabhijJAna rUpase pramANa mAnanemeM hI lAghava aura vyavahAryatA hai| sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnako anumAna rUpase pramANa kahanA bhI ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki anumAna karate samaya liGgakA sAdRzya apekSita hotA hai| usa sAdRzyajJAnako bhI anumAna mAnanepara usa anumAnake liGgasAdRzya jJAnako bhI phira anumAnatvakI kalpanA honepara anavasthA nAmakA dUSaNa A jAtA hai| yadi arthameM sAdRzyavyavahArako sadRzAkAramUlaka mAnA jAtA hai, to sadRzAkAroM meM sadRza vyavahAra kaise hogA? anya tadgatasadRzAkArase sadRzavyavahArakI kalpanA karanepara anavasthA nAmaka dUSaNa AtA hai / ataH sAdRzyapratyabhijJAnako anumAna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| pratyakSa jJAna vizada hotA hai aura vartamAna arthako viSaya karanevAlA hotA hai| 'sa evA'yam' ityAdi pratyabhijJAna cUMki atItakA bhI saMkalana karate haiM, ataH ve 1. 'prasiddhArthasAdhAt sAdhyasAdhanamupamAnam |'-nyaaysuu0 1316 / 2. 'upamAnaM prasiddhArthasAdharmyAtsAdhyasAdhanam / tadvaidhAt pramANaM kiM syAtsaMzipratipAdakam ||'-lghii0 zlo0 19 /

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230 jainadarzana na to vizada haiM aura na pratyakSakI sImAmeM Ane lAyaka hii| para pramANa avazya haiM, kyoMki avisaMvAdI haiM aura samyagjJAna haiM / 3. taka : vyAptike jJAnako tarka' kahate haiM / sAdhya aura sAdhanake sArvakAlika sArvadezika aura sArvavyaktika avinAbhAvasambandhako vyApti kahate haiM / avinAbhAva arthAt sAdhyake binA sAdhanakA na honA, sAdhanakA sAdhyake honepara hI honA, abhAvameM bilakula nahIM honA, isa niyamako sarvopasaMhAra rUpase grahaNa karanA tarka hai, / sarvaprathama vyakti kArya aura kAraNakA pratyakSa karatA hai, aura aneka bAra pratyakSa honepara vaha usake anvayasambandhakI bhUmikAkI ora jhukatA hai| phira sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA abhAva dekhakara vyatirekake nizcayake dvArA usa anvayajJAnako nizcayAtmakarUpa detA hai| jaise kisI vyaktine sarvaprathama rasoIgharameM agni dekhI tathA agnise utpanna hotA huA dhuA~ bhI dekhA, phira kisI tAlAbameM agnike abhAvameM, dhueMkA abhAva dekhA, phira rasoIgharameM agnise dhuA~ nikalatA huA dekhakara vaha nizcaya karatA hai ki agni kAraNa hai aura dhuA~ kArya hai| yaha upalambha-anupalambhanimittaka sarvopasaMhAra karanevAlA vicAra takakI maryAdAmeM hai| isameM pratyakSa, smaraNa aura sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna kAraNa hote haiN| ina sabakI pRSThabhUmipara 'jahA~-jahA~, jabajaba dhUma hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~, taba-taba agni avazya hotI hai', isa prakArakA eka mAnasika vikalpa utpanna hotA hai, jise Uha yA tarka kahate haiM / isa tarkakA kSetra kevala pratyakSake viSayabhUta sAdhya aura sAdhana hI nahIM haiM, kintu anumAna aura Agamake viSayabhUta prameyoMmeM bhI anvaya aura vyatirekake dvArA avinAbhAvakA nizcaya karanA tarkakA kArya hai| isIlie upalambha aura anupalambha zabdase sAdhya aura sAdhanakA sadbhAvapratyakSa aura abhAvapratyakSa hI nahIM liyA jAtA, kintu sAdhya aura sAdhanakA dRr3hatara sadbhAvanizcaya aura abhAvanizcaya liyA jAtA hai| vaha nizcaya cAhe pratyakSase ho yA pratyakSAtirikta anya pramANoMse / ____ akalaMkadevane pramANasaMgraha meM pratyakSa aura anupalambhase hone vAle sambhAvanApratyayako tarka kahA hai / kintu pratyakSa aura anupalambha zabdase unheM ukta abhiprAya hI iSTa hai| aura sarvaprathama jainadArzanika paramparAmeM tarkake svarUpa aura viSayako sthira karanekA zreya bhI akalaMkadeva ko hI hai| 1. 'upalambhAnupalambhanimittaM vyaaptijnyaanmuuhH|'-priikssaamukh 311 / 2. 'saMbhavapratyayastarkaH pratyakSAnupalambhataH |'-prmaannsN0 zlo0 12 / 3. laghIya0 svavRtti kA 10,11 /

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pramANamImAMsA 231 mImAMsaka tarkako eka vicArAtmaka jJAnavyApAra mAnate haiM aura usake lie jaiminisUtra aura zabara bhASya AdimeM 'Uha' zabdakA prayoga karate haiN| para use parigaNita pramANasaMkhyAmeM zAmila na karanese yaha spaSTa hai ki tarka ( Uha ) svayaM pramANa na hokara kisI pramANakA mAtra sahAyaka ho sakatA hai| jaina paramparAmeM avagrahake bAda honevAle saMzayakA nirAkaraNa karake usake eka pakSakI prabala sambhAvanA karAnevAlA jJAnavyApAra 'IhA' kahA gayA hai / isa IhAmeM avAya jaisA pUrNa nizcaya to nahIM hai, para nizcayonmukhatA avazya hai| isa IhAke paryAyarUpameM Uha aura taka donoM zabdoMkA prayoga tattvArthabhASya meM dekhA jAtA hai, jo ki karIbakarIba naiyAyikoMkI paramparAke samIpa hai| nyAyadarzanameM tarkako 16 padArthoMmeM ginAkara bhI use pramANa nahIM kahA hai / vaha tattvajJAnake liye upayogI hai aura pramANoMkA anugrAhaka hai / jaisA ki nyAyabhASya meM spaSTa likhA hai ki tarka na to pramANoMmeM saMgRhIta hai na pramANAntara hai, kintu pramANoMkA anugrAhaka hai aura tattvajJAnake liye usakA upayoga hai| vaha pramANake viSayakA vivecana karatA hai, aura tattvajJAnakI bhUmikA taiyAra kara detA hai| 4jayanta bhaTTa to aura spaSTa rUpase isake sambandhameM likhate haiM ki sAmAnyarUpase jJAta padArthameM utpanna paraspara virodhI do pakSoMmeM eka pakSako zithila banAkara dUsare pakSakI anukUla kAraNoMke balapara dRr3ha sambhAvanA karanA tarkakA kArya hai| yaha eka pakSakI bhavitavyatAko sakAraNa dikhAkara usa pakSakA nizcaya karanevAle pramANakA anugrAhaka hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki nyAyaparamparAmeM tarka pramANoMmeM saMgRhIta na hokara bhI apramANa nahIM hai| usakA upayoga vyAptinirNayameM honevAlI vyabhicArazaMkAoMko haTAkara usake mArgako niSkaMTaka kara denA hai / vaha vyAptijJAnameM bAdhaka aura aprayojakatvazaMkAko bhI haTAtA hai| isa taraha tarkake upayoga aura kAryakSetrameM prAyaH kisIko vivAda nahIM hai, para use pramANapada denemeM nyAyaparaMparAko saMkoca hai| 1. dekho, zAbarabhA0 6 / 1 / 1 / 2. 'IhA UhA tarkaH parIkSA vicAraNA jijJAsA ityanAMntaram / ' -tattvArthAdhi0 bhA0 1 / 15 / 3. 'tako na pramANasaMgRhIto na pramANAntaraM pramANAnAmanugrAhakastatvajJAnAya klpte|' -nyAyabhA0 1119 / 4. 'ekapakSAnukUlakAraNadarzanAt tasmin saMbhAvanApratyayo bhavitavyatAvabhAsaH taditarapakSazaithilyApAdane tadgrAhakapramANamanugRhya tAn sukhaM pravartayan tttvjnyaanaarthmuuhstrkH|' -nyAyamaM0 pR0 586 /

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232 jainadarzana bauddha' tarkarUpa vikalpajJAnako vyAptikA grAhaka mAnate haiM, kintu cUMki vaha pratyakSapRSThabhAvI hai aura pratyakSake dvArA gRhIta arthako viSaya karanevAlA eka vikalpa hai, ataH pramANa nahIM hai / isa taraha ve ise spaSTa rUpase apramANa kahate haiM / ___ akalaMkadevane apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI honeke kAraNa ise svayaM pramANa mAnA hai| jo svayaM pramANa nahIM hai| vaha pramANoMkA anugraha kaise kara sakatA hai ? apramANasena to pramANake viSayakA vivecana ho sakatA hai aura na parizodhana hii| jisa tarkameM visaMvAda dekhA jAya usa tarkAbhAsako hama apramANa kaha sakate haiM, para itane mAtrase avisaMvAdI tarkako bhI pramANase bahirbhata nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| 'saMsArameM jitane bhI dhuA~ haiM ve saba agnijanya haiM, anagnijanya kabhI nahIM ho skte|' itanA lambA vyApAra na to avicAraka indriyapratyakSa hI kara sakatA hai aura na sukhAdisaMvedaka mAnasapratyakSa ho| indriyapratyakSakA kSetra niyata aura vartamAna hai| cUMki mAnasapratyakSa vizada hai, aura upayukta sarvopasaMhArI vyAptizAna avizada hai, ata: vaha mAnasapratyakSameM antarbhUta nahIM ho sktaa| anumAnase vyAptikA grahaNa to isalie nahIM ho sakatA ki svayaM anumAnakI utpatti hI vyAptike adhIna hai| ise sambandhagrAhI pratyakSakA phala kahakara bhI apramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki eka to pratyakSa kArya aura kAraNabhUta vastuko hI jAnatA hai, unake kAryakAraNasambandhako nhiiN| dUsare, kisI jJAnakA phala honA pramANatAmeM bAdhaka bhI nahIM hai| jisa taraha vizeSaNajJAna sannikarSakA phala hokara bhI vizeSyajJAnarUpI anya phalakA janaka honese pramANa hai, usI taraha tarka bhI anumAnajJAnakA kAraNa honese yA hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAbuddhi rUpI phalakA janaka honese pramANa mAnA jAnA cAhiye / pratyeka jJAna apane pUrva jJAnakA phala hokara bhI uttarajJAnakI apekSA pramANa ho sakatA hai| tarkakI pramANatAmeM sandeha karanepara nissandeha anumAna kaise utpanna ho sakegA? jisa prakAra anumAna eka vikalpa hokara bhI pramANa hai, usI taraha tarkake bhI vikalpAtmaka honese pramANa honemeM bAdhA nahIM AnI caahiye| jisa vyAptijJAnake balapara sudRr3ha anumAnakI imArata khar3I kI jA rahI hai, usa vyAptijJAnako apramANa kahanA yA pramANase bahirbhUta rakhanA buddhimAnIkI bAta nahIM hai| 1. 'dezakAlavyaktivyAptyA ca vyAptirucyate, yatra yatra dhUmastatra tatrAgniriti / pratyakSapRSThazca vikalpo na pramANaM pramANavyApArAnukArI tvasAviSyate / ' --pra0 vA0 manoratha0 pR0 7 / 2. laghI0 sva0 zlo0 11, 12 /

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pramANamImAMsA 233 yogipratyakSake dvArA vyAptigrahaNa karanekI bAta to isalie nirarthaka hai ki jo yogI hai, use vyAptigrahaNa karanekA koI prayojana hI nahIM hai| vaha to pratyakSase hI samasta sAdhya-sAdhana padArthoMko jAna letA hai| phira yogipratyakSa bhI nirvikalpaka honese avicAraka hai| ataH hama saba alpajJAniyoMko avizada para avisaMvAdI vyAptijJAna karAnevAlA tarka pramANa hI hai| sAmAnyalakSaNA pratyAsattise agnitvena samasta agniyoMkA aura dhamatvena samasta dhUmoMkA jJAna to ho sakatA hai, para vaha jJAna sAmane dikhanevAle agni aura dhUmakI taraha spaSTa aura pratyakSa nahIM hai, aura kevala samasta agniyoM aura samasta dhUmoMkA jJAna kara lenA hI to vyAptijJAna nahIM hai, kintu vyAptijJAnameM 'dhuA~ agnise hI utpanna hotA hai, agnike abhAvameM kabhI nahIM hotA' isa prakArakA avinAbhAvI kAryakAraNabhAva gRhIta kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA grahaNa pratyakSase asambhava hai / ataH sAdhya-sAdhanavyaktiyoMkA pratyakSa yA kisI bhI pramANase jJAna, smaraNa, sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna Adi sAmagrIke bAda to sarvopasaMhArI vyAptijJAna hotA hai, vaha apane viSayameM saMvAdaka hai aura saMzaya, viparyaya Adi samAropoMkA vyavacchedaka honese pramANa hai| vyAptikA svarUpa : avinAbhAvasambandhako vyApti kahate haiN| yadyapi sambandha dvayaniSTha hotA hai, para vastutaH vaha sambandhiyoMkI avasthAvizeSa hI hai / sambandhiyoMko chor3akara sambandha koI pRthaka vastu nahIM hai| usakA varNana yA vyavahAra avazya doke binA nahIM ho sakatA, para svarUpa pratyeka padArthakI paryAyase bhinna nahIM pAyA jaataa| isI taraha avinAbhAva yA vyApti una-una padArthoMkA svarUpa hI hai, jinameM yaha batalAyA jAtA hai| sAdhya aura sAdhanabhUta padArthoMkA vaha dharma vyApti kahalAtA hai, jisake jJAna aura smaraNase anumAnakI bhUmikA taiyAra hotI hai| 'sAdhyake binA sAdhanakA na honA aura sAdhyake honepara hI honA' ye donoM dharma eka prakArase sAdhananiSTha hI hai| isI taraha 'sAdhanake honepara sAdhyakA honA hI' yaha sAdhyakA dharma hai| sAdhanake honepara sAdhyakA honA hI anvaya kahalAtA hai aura sAdhyake abhAvameM sAdhanakA na honA hI vyatireka kahalAtA hai| vyApti yA avinAbhAva ina donoM rUpa hotA hai / yadyapi avinAbhAva ( binA-sAdhyake abhAvameM, a-nahIM, bhAvahonA) kA zabdArtha vyatirekavyApti taka hI sImita lagatA hai, parantu sAdhyake binA nahIM honekA artha hai, sAdhyake honepara hI honA / yaha avinAbhAva rUpAdi guNoMkI taraha indriyagrAhya nahIM hotaa| kintu sAdhya aura sAdhanabhUta padArthoke jJAna karaneke

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234 jainadarzana bAda smaraNa, sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna Adiko sahAyatAse jo eka mAnasa vikalpa hotA hai, vahI isa avinAbhAvako grahaNa karatA hai / isIkA nAma tarka hai / 4. anumAna : sAdhanase sAdhyake jJAnako anumAna kahate haiM / liGgagrahaNa aura vyAptismaraNake anu-pIche honevAlA, mAna-jJAna anumAna kahalAtA hai| yaha jJAna avizada honese parokSa hai, para apane viSayameM avisaMvAdI hai aura saMzaya, viparyaya, anadhyavasAya Adi samAropoMkA nirAkaraNa karaneke kAraNa pramANa hai| sAdhanase sAdhyakA niyata jJAna avinAbhAvake balase hI hotA hai| sarvaprathama sAdhanako dekhakara pUrvagRhIta avinAbhAvakA smaraNa hotA hai, phira jisa sAdhanase sAdhyakI vyApti grahaNa kI hai, usa sAdhanake sAtha vartamAna sAdhanakA sAdRzyapratyabhijJAna kiyA jAtA hai; taba sAdhyakA anumAna hotA hai / yaha mAnasa jJAna hai| liMgaparAmarza anumitikA kAraNa nahIM : ___ sAdhyakA jJAna hI sAdhyasambandhI ajJAnakI nivRtti karaneke kAraNa anumitimeM kAraNa ho sakatA hai aura vahI anumAna kahA jA sakatA hai, naiyAyika Adike dvArA mAnA gayA liMgaparAmarza nahIM; kyoMki liMgaparAmarzameM vyAptikA smaraNa aura pakSadharmatAjJAna hotA hai arthAt 'dhUma sAdhana agni sAdhyase vyApta hai aura vaha parvatameM hai' itanA jJAna hotA hai| yaha jJAna kevala sAdhana-sambandhI ajJAnako haTAtA hai, sAdhyake ajJAnako nhiiN| ataH yaha anumAnakI sAmagrI to ho sakatA hai, svayaM anumAna nahIM / anumitikA artha hai anumeya-sambandhI ajJAnako haTAkara anumeyArthakA jJAna / so isameM sAdhakatama karaNa to sAkSAt sAdhyajJAna hI ho sakatA haiM / jisa prakAra ajJAta bhI cakSu apanI yogyatAse rUpajJAna utpanna kara detI hai usa prakAra sAdhana ajJAta rahakara sAdhyajJAna nahIM karA sakatA kintu usakA sAdhanarUpase jJAna honA Avazyaka hai / sAdhanarUpase jJAnakA artha hai-sAdhyake sAtha usake avinAbhAvakA nizcaya ! anizcita sAdhana mAtra apane svarUpa yA yogyatAse sAdhyajJAna nahIM karA sakatA, ataH usakA avinAbhAva nizcita hI honA cAhie / yaha nizcaya anumitike samaya apekSita hotA hai| ajJAyamAna dhUma to agnikA jJAna karA hI nahIM sakatA, anyathA supta aura mUcchita Adiko yA jinane Ajataka dhUmakA jJAna hI nahIM kiyA hai, unheM bhI agnijJAna ho jAnA caahie| 1. "sAdhanAt sAdhyavijJAnamanumAnaM..."-nyAyavi0 zlo0 167 /

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pramANamImAMsA 235 avinAbhAva tAdAtmya aura tadutpattise niyantrita nahIM : avinAbhAva hI anumAnakI mUla dhurA hai| sahabhAvaniyama aura kramabhAvaniyamako avinAbhAva kahate haiM / sahabhAvI rUpa, rasa Adi tathA vRkSa aura zizapA Adi vyApyavyApakabhUta padArthoM meM sahabhAvaniyama hotA hai| niyata pUrvavartI aura uttaravartI kRttikodaya aura zakaTodayameM tathA kAryakAraNabhUta agni aura dhUma AdimeM kramabhAvaniyama hotA hai| avinAbhAvako kevala tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti ( kAryakAraNabhAva ) se hI niyantrita nahIM kara sakate / jinameM paraspara tAdAmya nahIM hai aise rUpase rasakA anumAna hotA hai tathA jinameM paraspara kAryakAraNasambandha nahIM hai aise kRttikodayako dekhakara eka muhUrta bAda hone vAle zakaTodayakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / tAtparya yaha ki jinameM paraspara tAdAtmya yA tadutpatti sambandha nahIM bhI hai, una padArthoMmeM niyata pUrvottarabhAva yAnI kramabhAva honepara tathA niyata sahabhAva honepara anumAna ho sakatA hai| ataH avinAbhAva tAdAtmya aura tadutpatti taka hI sImita nahIM hai| sAdhana : jisakA sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva nizcita hai, use sAdhana kahate haiN| avinAbhAva, anyathAnupapatti, vyApti ye saba ekArthavAcaka zabda haiM aura 'anyathAnupapattirUpase nizcita honA' yahI ekamAtra sAdhanakA lakSaNa ho sakatA hai / sAdhya : zakya, abhipreta aura aprasiddhako sAdhya kahate haiN| jo pratyakSAdi pramANoMse abAdhita honeke kAraNa siddha karaneke yogya hai, vaha zakya hai| vAdIko iSTa honese abhipreta hai aura saMdehAdiyukta honeke kAraNa asiddha hai, vahI vastu sAdhya hotI hai| bauddha paramparAmeM bhI Ipsita aura iSTa, pratyakSAdi aviruddha aura pratyakSAdi anirAkRta ye vizeSaNa abhipreta aura zakyake sthAnameM prayukta hue haiN| aprasiddha yA 1. "sahakramabhAvaniyamo'vinAbhAvaH |"-priikssaamukh 3616 / 2. 'anyathAnupapannatvaM hetolakSaNamIritam |'-nyaayaavtaar zlo0 22 / 'sAdhanaM prakRtAbhAvo'nupapannaM '-pramANasaM0 pR0 102 / 3. 'sAdhyaM zakyamabhipretamaprasiddham |'-nyaayvi0 zlo0 172 / 4. 'svarUpeNaiva svayamiSTo'nirAkRtaH pakSa iti |'-nyaayvi0 pR0 79 / 'nyAyamukhaprakaraNe tu svayaM sAdhyatvenepsitaH pakSo'viruddhArtho'nirAkRta iti pAThAt / -pramANavArtikAlaM0 pR0 510 /

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jainadarzana asiddha vizeSaNa to sAdhya zabdake arthase hI phalita hotA hai| sAdhyakA artha hai-- siddha karane yogya arthAt asiddha / siddha padArthakA anumAna vyartha hai / aniSTa tathA pratyakSAdibAdhita padArtha sAdhya nahIM ho sakate / kevala sisAdhayiSita (jisake siddha karanekI icchA hai ) arthako bhI sAdhya nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki bhramavaza aniSTa aura bAdhita padArtha bhI sisAdhayiSA ( sAdhanekI icchA ) ke viSaya banAye jA sakate haiM, aise padArtha sAdhyAbhAsa haiM, sAdhya nhiiN| asiddha vizeSaNa prativAdIkI apekSAse hai aura iSTa vizeSaNa vAdIkI dRSTise / 1anumAna prayogake samaya kahIM dharma aura kahIM dharmaviziSTa dharmI sAdhya hotA hai / parantu vyAptinizcayakAlameM kevala dharma hI sAdhya hotA hai / anumAnake bheda: __ isake do bheda haiM-eka svArthAnumAna aura dUsarA parArthAnumAna / svayaM nizcita sAdhanake dvArA honevAle sAdhyake jJAnako svArthAnumAna kahate haiM, aura avinAbhAvI sAdhyasAdhanake vacanoMse zrotAko utpanna honevAlA sAdhyajJAna parArthAnumAna kahalAtA hai / yaha parArthAnumAna usI zrotAko hotA hai, jisane pahale vyApti grahaNa kara lI hai / 2 vacanoMko parArthAnumAna to isalie kaha diyA jAtA hai ki ve vacana parabodhanako taiyAra hue vaktAke jJAnake kArya haiM aura zrotAke jJAnake kAraNa haiM, ataH kAraNameM kAryakA aura kAryameM kAraNakA upacAra kara liyA jAtA hai| isI upacArase vacana bhI parArthAnumAnarUpase vyavahArameM Ate haiM / vastutaH parArthAnumAna jJAnarUpa hI hai / vaktAkA jJAna bhI jaba zrotAko samajhAneke unmukha hotA hai to usa kAlameM vaha parArthAnumAna ho jAtA hai / svArthAnumAnake aMga: anumAnakA yaha svArtha aura parArtha vibhAga vaidika, jaina aura bauddha sabhI paramparAoMmeM pAyA jAtA hai| kintu pratyakSakA bhI svArtha aura parArtharUpameM vibhAjana kevala A0 siddhasenake nyAyAvatAra ( zlo0 11, 12) meM hI hai / svArthAnumAnake tIna aMga hai-dharmI, sAdhya aura sAdhana / sAdhana gamaka honese, sAdhya gamya honese aura dharmI sAdhya aura sAdhanabhUta dharmoMkA AdhAra honese aMga hai / vizeSa AdhArameM sAdhyakI siddhi karanA anumAnakA prayojana hai| kevala sAdhya dharmakA nizcaya to vyAptike grahaNake samaya hI ho jAtA hai| isake pakSa aura hetu ye do 1. dekho, parIkSAmukha 3 / 20-27 / 2. 'tadvacanamapi taddhetutvAt / ' -parIkSAmukha 3151 /

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pramANamImAMsA 237 aMga bhI mAne jAte haiM / yahA~ 'pakSa' zabdase sAdhyadharma aura dharmIkA samudAya vivakSita hai, kyoMki sAdhyadharmaviziSTa dharmIko hI pakSa kahate haiM / yadyapi svArthAnumAna jJAnarUpa hai, aura jJAnameM ye saba vibhAga nahIM kiye jA sakate; phira bhI usakA zabdase ullekha to karanA hI par3atA hai| jaise ki ghaTapratyakSa kA 'yaha ghar3A hai' isa zabdake dvArA ullekha hotA hai, usI taraha 'yaha parvata agnivAlA hai, dhUmavAlA honese' ina zabdoMke dvArA svArthAnumAnakA pratipAdana hotA hai / dharmokA svarUpa : ___ dharmI' prasiddha hotA hai| usakI prasiddhi kahIM pramANase; kahIM vikalpase aura kahIM pramANa aura vikalpa donoMse hotI hai| pratyakSAdi kisI pramANase jo dharmI siddha hotA hai, vaha pramANasiddha hai, jaise parvatAdi / jisakI pramANatA yA apramANatA nizcita na ho aisI pratItimAtrase jo dharmI siddha ho use vikalpasiddha kahate haiM, jaise 'sarvajJa hai, yA kharaviSANa nahIM haiN|' yahA~ astitva aura nAstitvakI siddhike pahale sarvajJa aura kharaviSANako pramANa siddha nahIM kaha skte| ve to mAtra pratIti yA vikalpase hI siddha hokara dharmI bane haiN| isa2 vikalpasiddha dharmImeM kevala sattA aura asattA hI sAdhya ho sakatI hai, kyoMki jinakI sattA aura asattAmeM vivAda hai, arthAt abhI taka jinakI sattA yA asattA pramANasiddha nahIM ho sakI hai, ve hI dharmI vikalpa siddha hote haiN| pramANa aura vikalpa donoMse prasiddha dharmI ubhayasiddhadharmI kahalAtA hai, jaise 'zabda anitya hai', yahA~ vartamAna zabda to pratyakSagamya honese pramANasiddha hai, kintu bhUta aura bhaviSyata tathA dezAntaravartI zabda vikalpa yA pratItise siddha haiM aura saMpUrNa zabdamAtrako dharmI banAyA hai, ataH yaha ubhayasiddha hai / pramANasiddha aura ubhayasiddha dharmImeM icchAnusAra koI bhI dharma sAdhya banAyA jA sakatA hai| vikalpasiddha dharmIko pratItisiddha, buddhisiddha aura pratyayasiddha bhI kahate haiN| parArthAnumAna : paropadezase honevAlA sAdhanase sAdhyakA jJAna parArthAnumAna hai| jaise 'yaha parvata agnivAlA hai, dhUmavAlA honese yA dhUmavAlA anyathA nahIM ho sakatA' isa 1. 'prasiddho dharmI |'-priikssaamukh 3 / 22 / 2. dekho, parIkSAmukha 3123 / 3. parIkSAmukha 3 / 25 / 4. 'parArtha tu tadarthaparAmarzivacanAjjAtam |'-priikssaamukh 3150 /

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238 jainadarzana vAkyako sunakara jisa zrotAne agni aura dhUmakI vyApti grahaNa kI hai, use vyAptikA smaraNa honepara jo agnijJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha parArthAnumAna hai| paropadezarUpa vacanoMko to parArthAnumAna upacArase hI kahate haiM, kyoMki vacana acetana haiM, ve jJAnarUpa mukhya pramANa nahIM ho sakate / parArthAnumAnake do avayava : __ isa parArthAnumAnake prayojaka vAkyake do avayava hote haiM-eka pratijJA aura dUsarA hetu / dharma aura dharmIke samudAyarUpa pakSake vacanako pratijJA kahate haiM, jaise 'yaha parvata agnivAlA hai|' sAdhyase avinAbhAva rakhanevAle sAdhanake vacanako hetu kahate haiM, jaise 'dhUmavAlA honese, yA dhUmavAlA anyathA nahIM ho sakatA' / hetuke ina do 'prayogoMmeM koI antara nahIM hai| pahalA kathana vidhirUpase hai aura dUsarA niSedha rUpase / 'agnike honepara hI dhUma hotA hai' isakA hI artha hai ki 'agnike abhAvameM nahIM hotaa|' donoM prayogoMmeM avinAbhAvI sAdhanakA kathana hai| ataH inameMse kisI ekakA hI prayoga karanA cAhiye / __pakSa aura pratijJA tathA sAdhana aura hetumeM vAcya aura vAcakakA bheda hai| pakSa aura sAdhana vAcya haiM tathA pratijJA aura hetu unake vAcaka zabda / vyutpanna zrotAko pratijJA aura heturUpa paropadezase parArthAnumAna utpanna hotA hai / avayavoMkI anya mAnyatAe~ : ___parArthAnumAnake pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI avayava haiM / parArthAnumAnake sambandhameM paryApta matabheda haiN| naiyAyika pratijJA, hetU, udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ye pA~ca avayava mAnate haiM / nyAyabhASyameM ( 1 / 1 / 32) jijJAsA, saMzaya, zakyaprApti, prayojana aura saMzayavyudAsa ina pA~ca avayavoMkA aura bhI atirikta kathana milatA hai / dazavaikAlikaniyukti ( gA0 137 ) meM prakaraNavibhakti, hetuvibhakti Adi anya hI dasa avayavoMkA ullekha hai / pA~ca avayavavAle vAkyakA prayoga isa prakAra hotA hai-'parvata agnivAlA hai, dhUmavAlA honese, jo-jo dhUmavAlA hai vaha-vaha agnivAlA hotA hai jaise ki mahAnasa, usI taraha parvata bhI dhUmavAlA hai, isaliye agnivAlA hai / ' sAMkhya upanaya aura nigamanake prayogako Avazyaka nahIM mAnate 3 / 1. 'hetostathopapattyA vA syAtprayogo'nyathApi vaa| dvividho'nyatareNApi sAdhyasiddhirbhavediti // ' -nyAyAvatAra zlo0 17 / 2. 'prtishaahetuudaahrnnopnynigmnaanyvyvaaH|' -nyAyasU0 131632 / 3. dekho sAMkhyakA0 mAThara vR0 pR0 5 /

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pramANamImAMsA 239 mImAMsakoMkA bhI yahI abhiprAya hai| mImAMsakoMkI upanaya paryanta cAra avayava mAnanekI paramparAkA ullekha bhI jainagranthoMmeM pUrvapakSarUpase milatA hai / nyAyapraveza ( pR0 1, 2) meM pakSa, hetu aura dRSTAnta ina tInakA avayava rUpase ullekha milatA hai| pakSaprayogako AvazyakatA : __ pakSake prayogako dharmakItine asAdhanAGgavacana kahakara nigrahasthAnameM zAmila kiyA haiM / inakA kahanA hai ki hetuke pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSavyAvRtti ye tIna rUpa haiN| anumAnake prayogake liye hameM hetuke isa trairUpyakA kathana karanA hI paryApta hai aura trirUpa hetu hI sAdhyasiddhi ke liye Avazyaka hai| 'jo sat hai vaha kSaNika hai, jaise ghar3A, cUMki sabhI padArtha sat haiM' yaha hetukA prayoga bauddhake matase hotA hai / isameM hetuke sAtha sAdhyakI vyApti dikhAkara pIche usakI pakSadharmatA ( pakSameM rahanA ) batAI gaI hai / dUsarA prakAra yaha bhI hai ki 'sabhI padArtha sat haiM, jo sat hai vaha kSaNika hai, jaise ghar3A' isa prayogameM pahale pakSadharmatva dikhAkara pIche vyApti dikhAI gaI hai / tAtparya yaha ki bauddha apane hetuke prayogameM hI dRSTAnta aura upanayako zAmila kara lete haiN| ve hetu, dRSTAnta aura upanaya ina tIna avayavoMko prakArAntarase mAna lete haiM / jahA~ ve kevala hetuke prayogakI bAta karate haiM vahA~ hetuprayogake peTameM dRSTAnta aura upanaya par3e hI hue haiN| pakSaprayoga aura nigamanako ve kisI bhI taraha nahIM mAnate; kyoMki pakSaprayoga nirarthaka hai aura nigamana piSTapeSaNa hai| jaina tAkikoM kA kahanA hai ki ziSyoMko samajhAneke liye zAstrapaddhatimeM Apa yogyatAbhedase do, tIna, cAra aura pA~ca yA isase bhI adhika avayava mAna sakate haiM, para vAdakathAmeM, jahA~ vidvAnoMkA hI adhikAra hai, pratijJA aura hetu ye do hI avayava kAryakArI haiM / pratijJA kA prayoga kiye binA sAdhyadharmake AdhArameM sandeha banA raha sakatA hai / binA pratijJAke kisakI siddhi ke liye hetu diyA jAtA hai ? phira pakSadharmatvapradarzanake dvArA pratijJAko mAna karake bhI bauddha kA usase inakAra karanA atibuddhimattA hai| 1. prameyaratnamAlA 3 / 37 / 2. vAdanyAya pR0 61 / / 3. 'viduSAM vAcyo hetureva hi kevalaH / '- pramANavA0 1-28 / 4. 'bAlavyutpattyartha tattrayopagame zAstra etrAsau na vAde'nupayogAt / ' -~-parIkSAmukha 3-41 /

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240 jainadarzana jaba bauddhakA yaha kahanA hai ki 'samarthanake binA hetu nirarthaka hai'; taba acchA to yahI hai ki samarthanako hI anumAnakA avayava mAnA jAya, hetu to samarthanake kahanese svataH gamya ho jaayegaa| 'hetuke binA kahe kisakA samarthana ?' yaha samAdhAna pakSaprayogameM bhI lAgU hotA hai, 'pakSake binA kisakI siddhike liye hetu ?' yA 'pakSake binA hetu rahegA kahA~ ?' ataH prastAva Adike dvArA pakSa bhale hI gamyamAna ho, para vAdIko vAdakathAmeM apanA pakSa-sthApana karanA hI hogA, anyathA pakSapratipakSakA vibhAga kaise kiyA jAyegA ? yadi hetuko kahakara Apa samarthanakI sArthakatA mAnate haiM; to pakSako kahakara hI hetuprayogako nyAyya mAnanA cAhiye / ataH jaba "sAdhanavacanarUpa hetu aura pakSavacanarUpa pratijJA ina do avayavoMse hI paripUrNa arthakA bodha ho jAtA hai taba anya dRSTAnta, upanaya aura nigamana vAdakathAmeM vyartha haiN| udAharaNako vyarthatAH 2 udAharaNa sAdhyapratipattimeM kAraNa to isaliye nahIM hai ki avinAbhAvI sAdhanase hI sAdhyakI siddhi ho jAtI hai| vipakSameM bAdhaka pramANa mila jAnese vyAptikA nizcaya bhI ho jAtA hai; ataH vyAptinizcayake liye bhI usakI upayogitA nahIM hai| phira dRSTAnta kisI khAsa vyaktikA hotA hai aura vyApti hotI hai sAmAnyarUpa / ataH yadi usa dRSTAntameM vivAda utpanna ho jAya to anya dRSTAnta upasthita karanA hogA, aura isa taraha anavasthA dUSaNa AtA hai| yadi kevala dRSTAntakA kathana kara diyA jAya to sAdhyadharmImeM sAdhya aura sAdhana donoMke sadbhAvameM zaMkA utpanna ho jAtI hai / anyathA upanaya aura nigamanakA prayoga kyoM kiyA jAtA hai ? vyAptismaraNake lie bhI udAharaNakI sArthakatA nahIM hai; kyoMki avinAbhAvI hetuke prayogamAtrase hI vyAptikA smaraNa ho jAtA hai| sabase khAsa bAta to yaha hai ki vibhinna matavAdI tattvakA svarUpa vibhinnarUpase svIkAra karate haiN| bauddha ghar3eko kSaNika kahate haiM, jaina kathaJcit kSaNika aura naiyAyika avayavIko anitya aura paramANuoMko nitya / aisI dazAmeM kisI sarvasammata dRSTAntakA milanA kaThina hai| ataH jaina tArkikoMne isake jhagar3eko hI haTA diyA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki dRSTAntameM vyAptikA grahaNa karanA anivArya bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki jaba samasta vastuoMko pakSa banA liyA jAtA hai taba kisI dRSTAntakA milanA asambhava ho jAtA hai| antataH pakSameM hI sAdhya aura sAdhanakI vyApti vipakSameM bAdhaka pramANa dekhakara siddha kara lI jAtI hai| isalie bhI dRSTAnta nirarthaka ho jAtA hai aura vAdakathAmeM 1. parIkSAmukha // 32 / 2. parIkSAmukha 3 / 33-40 /

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pramANamImAMsA 241 avyavahArya bhI / hA~, bAlakoMkI vyutpattike lie usakI upayogitAse koI inakAra nahIM kara sktaa| upanaya aura nigamana to kevala upasaMhAra-vAkya haiM, jinakI apanemeM koI upayogitA nahIM hai / dharmImeM hetu aura sAdhyake kathana mAtrase hI unakI sattA siddha hai| unameM koI saMzaya nahIM rhtaa| ___ vAdidevasUri ( syAdvAdaratnAkara pR0 548 ) ne viziSTa adhikArIke liye bauddhoMkI taraha kevala eka hetuke prayoga karanekI bhI sammati prakaTa kI hai| parantu bauddha to trirUpa hetuke samarthanameM pakSadharmatvake bahAne pratijJAke pratipAdya arthako kaha jAte haiM, para jaina to trairUpya nahIM mAnate, ve to kevala avinAbhAvako hI hetukA svarUpa mAnate haiM, taba ve kevala hetukA prayoga karake kaise pratijJAko gamya batA sakeMge ? ataH anumAnaprayogakI samagratAke lie avinAbhAvI hetuvAdI jainako pratijJA apane zabdoMse kahanI hI cAhie, anyathA sAdhyadharmake AdhArakA sandeha kaise haTegA ? ata: jainake matase sIdhA anumAnavAkya isa prakArakA hotA hai-'parvata agni vAlA hai, dhUmavAlA honese' 'saba anekAntAtmaka haiM, kyoMki sat haiM / ' pakSameM hetukA upasaMhAra upanaya hai aura hetupUrvaka pakSakA vacana nigamana hai| ye donoM avayava svatantrabhAvase kisI kI siddhi nahIM karate / ataH lAghava, AvazyakatA aura upayogitA sabhI prakArase pratijJA aura hetu ina donoM avayavoMkI hI parArthAnumAnameM sArthakatA hai| vAdAdhikArI vidvAn inake prayogase hI udAharaNa Adise samajhAye jAnevAle arthako svataH hI samajha sakate haiM / hetuke svarUpako momAMsA : hetukA svarUpa bhI vibhinna vAdiyoMne aneka prakArase mAnA hai| naiyAyika' pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva, vipakSavyAvRtti, abAdhitaviSayatva aura asatpratipakSatva isa prakAra paMcarUpavAlA hetu mAnate haiN| hetukA pakSameM rahanA, samasta sapakSoMmeM yA kisI eka sapakSameM rahanA, kisI bhI vipakSameM nahIM pAyA jAnA, pratyakSAdise sAdhyakA bAdhita nahIM honA aura tulyabalavAle kisI pratipakSI hetukA nahIM honA ye pA~ca bAteM pratyeka saddhetuke lie nitAnta Avazyaka haiN| isakA samarthana udyotakarake nyAyavArtika ( 1 / 115 ) meM dekhA jAtA hai| prazastapAdabhASya meM hetuke trairUpyakA hI nirdeza hai| 1. nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 11115 / 2. praza0 kandalI pR0 300 /

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242 jainadarzana trairUpyavAdI bauddha trairUpyako svIkAra karake abAdhitaviSayatvako pakSake lakSaNase hI anugata kara lete haiM; kyoMki pakSake lakSaNameM 'pratyakSAdyanirAkRta' pada diyA gayA hai| apane sAdhyake sAtha nizcita rUpyavAle hetumeM samabalavAle kisI pratipakSI hetukI sambhAvanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI, ataH asatpratipakSatva anAvazyaka ho jAtA hai| isa taraha ve tIna rUpoMko hetukA atyanta Avazyaka svarUpa mAnate haiM aura isI trirUpa hetuko sAdhanAGga kahate haiM aura inakI nyUnatAko asAdhanAGga vacana kahakara nigrahasthAnameM zAmila karate haiM / pakSadharmatva asiddhatva doSakA parihAra karaneke liye hai, apakSasattva viruddhatvakA nirAkaraNa karaneke lie tathA vipakSavyAvatti anaikAntika doSakI vyAvRttike lie hai| ___jaina dArzanikoMne prathamase hI anyathAnupapatti yA avinAbhAvako hI hetuke prANarUpase pakar3A hai| sapakSasattva isalie Avazyaka nahIM hai ki eka to samasta pakSoMmeM hetukA honA anivArya nahIM hai| dUsare sapakSa meM rahane yA na rahanese hetutAmeM koI antara nahIM aataa| kevalavyatirekI hetu sapakSameM nahIM rahatA, phira bhI saddhetu hai| 'hetukA sAdhyake abhAvameM nahIM hI pAyA jAnA' yaha anyathAnupapatti, anya saba rUpoMkI vyarthatA siddha kara detI hai| pakSadharmatva bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai; kyoMki aneka hetu aise haiM jo pakSa meM nahIM pAye jAte, phira bhI apane avinAbhAvI sAdhyakA jJAna karAte haiM / jaise 'rohiNI nakSatra eka muhUrtake bAda udita hogA, kyoMki isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya hai / ' yahA~ kRttikAke udaya aura eka muhUrta bAda honevAle zakaTodaya ( rohiNIke udaya ) meM avinAbhAva hai, vaha avazya hI hogA; parantu kRttikAkA udaya rohiNI nAmaka pakSameM nahIM pAyA jaataa| ataH pakSadharmatva aisA rUpa nahIM hai jo hetukI hetutAke liye anivArya ho / 2kAla aura AkAzako pakSa banAkara kRttikA aura rohiNIkA sambandha baiThAnA to buddhikA atiprasaMga hai / ataH kevala niyamavAlI vipakSavyAvRtti hI hetukI AtmA hai, isake abhAvameM vaha hetu hI nahIM raha sktaa| sapakSasattva to isaliye mAnA jAtA hai ki hetukA avinAbhAva kisI dRSTAntameM grahaNa karanA cAhiye yA dikhAnA caahie| parantu hetu bahirvyApti ( dRSTAntameM sAdhyasAdhanakI vyApti ) ke balapara gamaka nahIM hotaa| vaha to antarvyApti ( pakSameM sAdhyasAdhanakI vyApti ) se hI saddhetu banatA hai| 1. hetostriSvapi rUpeSu nirNayastena varNitaH / asiddhaviparItArthavyabhicArivipakSataH ||'-prmaannvaa0 3314 / 2. dekho, pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 3 / 1 / 3. pramANasaM0 pR0 104 /

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pramANamImAMsA 243 jisakA avinAbhAva nizcita hai usake sAdhyameM pratyakSAdi pramANoMse bAdhA hI nahIM A sktii| phira bAdhita to sAdhya hI nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki sAdhyake lakSaNameM 'abAdhita' pada par3A huA hai| jo bAdhita hogA vaha sAdhyAbhAsa hokara anumAnako Age bar3hane hI na degaa| isI taraha jisa hetukA apane sAdhyake sAtha samagra avinAbhAva hai, usakA tulyabalazAlI pratipakSI pratihetu sambhava hI nahIM hai, jisake vAraNa karaneke lie asatpratipakSatvako hetukA svarUpa mAnA jAya / nizcita avinAbhAva na honese 'garbhameM AyA huA mitrAkA putra zyAma hogA, kyoMki vaha mitrAkA putra hai jaise ki usake anya zyAma putra' isa anumAnameM trirUpatA honepara bhI satyatA nahIM hai| mitrAputratva hetu garbhastha putrameM hai, ataH pakSadharmatva mila gayA, sapakSa bhUta anya putroMmeM pAyA jAtA hai, ataH sapakSasattva bhI siddha hai, vipakSabhUta gore caitrake putroMse vaha vyAvRtta hai, ataH sAmAnyatayA vipakSavyAvRtti bhI hai| mitrAputrake zyAmatvameM koI bAdhA nahIM hai aura samAna balavAlA koI pratipakSI hetu nahIM hai| isa taraha isa mitrAputratva hetumeM trairUpa aura pAMcarUpya honepara bhI satyatA nahIM hai| kyoMki mitrAputratvakA zyAmatvake sAtha koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai| avinAbhAva isalie nahIM hai ki usakA zyAmatvake sAtha sahabhAva yA kramabhAva niyama sahI hai / zyAmatvakA kAraNa hai usake utpAdaka nAmakarmakA udaya aura mitrAkA garbha avasthAmeM harI patrazAka AdikA khAnA / ataH jaba mitrAputratvakA zyAmatvake sAtha kisI nimittaka avinAbhAva nahIM hai aura vipakSabhUta gauratvakI bhI vahA~ sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai, taba vaha saccA hetu nahIM ho sakatA, parantu trairUpya aura pA~carUpyaM usameM avazya pAye jAte haiN| kRttikodaya AdimeM trairUpya aura pA~carUpya na honepara bhI avinAbhAva honeke kAraNa saddhetutA hai| ataH avinAbhAva hI eka mAtra hetukA svarUpa ho sakatA hai, trairUpya Adi nhiiN| isa AzayakA eka prAcIna zloka milatA hai, jise akalaMkadevane nyAya vinizcaya ( zlo0 323 ) meM zAmila kiyA hai| tattvasaMgrahapaMjikAke anusAra yaha zloka pAtrasvAmIkA hai| "anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim ? nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim ?" arthAt jahA~ anyathAnupapatti yA avinAbhAva hai vahA~ trairUpya mAnanese koI lAbha nahIM aura jahA~ anyathAnupapatti nahIM hai vahA~ trairUpya mAnanA bhI vyartha hai| ___ AcArya vidyAnandane isIkI chAyAse paMcarUpakA khaMDana karanevAlA nimnalikhita zloka racA hai

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244 jainadarzana 1"anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra kiM tatra paJcabhiH ? nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra kiM tatra paJcabhiH // " -pramANaparIkSA pRSTha 72 / arthAt jahA~ ( kRttikodaya Adi hetuoMmeM ) anyathAnupapannatva-avinAbhAva hai vahA~ paJcarUpa na bhI hoM to bhI koI hAni nahIM hai, unake mAnanese kyA lAbha ? aura jahA~ ( mitrAtanayatva Adi hetuoMmeM ) paJcarUpa haiM aura anyathAnupapannatva nahIM hai, vahA~ paJcarUpa mAnanese kyA ? ve vyartha haiN| hetUbindUTIkAmeM ina pA~ca rUpoMke atirikta chaThaveM 'jJAtatva' svarUpako mAnanevAle matakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| yaha ullekha sAmAnyatayA naiyAyika aura mImAMsakakA nAma lekara kiyA gayA hai| pA~ca rUpoMmeM asatpratipakSatvakA vivakSitakasaMkhyatva zabdase nirdeza hai| asatpratipakSa arthAt jisakA koI pratipakSI hetu vidyamAna na ho, jo apratidvandvI ho aura vivakSitaika saMkhyatvakA bhI yahI artha hai ki jisakI eka saMkhyA ho arthAt jo akelA ho, jisakA koI pratipakSI na ho / SaDlakSaNa hetumeM jJAtatvarUpake pRthak kahanekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai; kyoMki liMga ajJAta hokara sAdhyakA jJAna karA hI nahIM sktaa| vaha na kevala jJAta hI ho, kintu use apane sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAvIrUpameM nizcita bhI honA cAhiye / tAtparya yaha ki eka avinAbhAvake honepara zeSa rUpa yA to nirarthaka haiM yA usa avinAbhAvake vistAra mAtra haiM / bAdhA aura avinAbhAvakA virodha hai| yadi hetu apane sAdhyake sAtha avinAbhAva rakhatA hai, to bAdhA kaisI ? aura yadi bAdhA hai, to avinAbhAva kaisA ? inameM kevala eka 'vipakSavyAvRtti' rUpa hI aisA hai, jo hetukA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa ho sakatA hai| isIkA nAma avinAbhAva hai| __ naiyAyika anvayavyatirekI, kevalAnvayI aura kevalavyatirekI isa taraha tIna prakArake hetu mAnate haiM / 'zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai' isa anumAnameM kRtakatva hetu sapakSabhUta anitya ghaTameM pAyA jAtA hai aura AkAza Adi nitya vipakSoMse vyAvRtta rahatA hai aura pakSa meM isakA rahanA nizcita hai, ataH yaha anvayavyatirekI hai| isameM paJcarUpatA vidyamAna hai| 'adRSTa Adi kisIke pratyakSa haiM, 1. 'anyathetyAdinA paatrsvaamimtmaashngkte|' -tattvasaM0 paM0 zlo0 1364 / 2. 'paDalakSaNo heturityapare naiyAyikamImAMsakAdayo manyante tathA vivakSitaikasaMkhyatvaM rUpA ntaram-ekA saMkhyA yasya hetudravyasya tadekasaMkhyaM yadya kasaMkhyAvacchinnAyAM pratihetu rahitAyAM tathA jJAtatvaM ca jJAnaviSayatvam / ' -hetubi0 TI0 pR0 206 / 3. 'bAdhAvinAbhAvayorvirodhAt |'-hetubi0 pari0 4 /

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pramANamImAMsA 245 kyoMki ve anumeya haiM' yahA~ anumeyatva hetu pakSabhUta adRSTAdimeM pAyA jAtA hai, sapakSa ghaTameM bhI isakI vRtti hai, isalie pakSadharmatva aura sapakSasattva to hai, para vipakSavyAvRtti nahIM hai; kyoMki jagatke samasta padArtha pakSa aura sapakSake antargata A gaye haiM / jaba koI vipakSa hai hI nahIM taba vyAvRtti kisase ho? isa kevalAnvayI hetumeM vipakSavyAvRttike sivAya anya cAra rUpa pAye jAte haiM / 'jIvita zarIra AtmAse yukta hai, kyoMki usameM prANAdimatta-zvAsocchvAsa Adi pAye jAte haiM', yahA~ jIvita zarIra pakSa hai, sAtmakatva sAdhya hai aura prANAdimattva hetu hai| yaha pakSabhUta jIvita zarIrameM pAyA jAtA hai aura vipakSabhUta patthara Adise vyAvRtta hai, ataH isameM pakSadharmatva aura vipakSavyAvRtti to pAI jAtI hai; kintu sapakSasattva nahIM hai, kyoMki jagatke samasta cetana padArthoMkA pakSameM aura acetana padArthoMkA vipakSameM antarbhAva ho gayA hai, sapakSa koI bacatA hI nahIM hai / isa kevalavyatirekI hetumeM sapakSasattvake sivAya anya cAra rUpa pAye jAte haiN| svayaM naiyAyikoM ne kevalAnvayI aura kevalavyatirekI hetuoMmeM cAra-cAra rUpa svIkAra karake caturlakSaNako bhI sadhetu mAnA hai| isa taraha paJcarUpatA ina hetuoMmeM apane Apa avyApta siddha ho jAtI hai| kevala eka avinAbhAva hI aisA hai, jo samasta sadhetuoMmeM anupacaritarUpase pAyA jAtA hai aura kisI bhI hetvAbhAsameM isakI sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sktii| isaliye jainadarzanane hetuko 'anyathAnupapatti' yA avinAbhAva' rUpase ekalakSaNavAlA hI mAnA hai| hetu prakAra : vaizeSika sUtrameM eka jagaha ( 9 / 2 / 1 ) kArya, kAraNa, saMyogI, samavAyI aura virodhI ina pA~ca prakArake liMgoMkA nirdeza hai| anyatra (3-11-23 ) abhUtabhUtakA, bhUta-abhUtakA aura bhUta-bhUtakA isa prakAra tIna hetuoMkA varNana hai / bauddha svabhAva, kArya aura anupalabdhi isa taraha tIna prakArake hetu mAnate haiM / kAryahetukA 1. 'yadyapyavinAbhAvaH paJcasu caturpu vA rUpeSu liGgasya samApyate / ' -nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 pR. 178 / "kevalAnvayasAdhako hetu: kevlaanvyo| asya ca pakSasattvasapakSasattvAbAdhitAsatpatipakSitatvAni catvAri rUpANi gamakatvaupayikAni / anvayavyatirekiNastu hetorvipakSAsattvena saha paJca / kevalavyatirekiNaH sapakSasattvavyatirekeNa catvAri / " -vaize0 upa0 pR0 17 / 2. 'anyathAnupapattyekalakSaNaM tatra sAdhanam |'-t0 zlo0 1 / 13 / 121 / 3. nyAyabindu 2 / 12 /

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246 jainadarzana apane sAdhyake sAtha tadutpatti sambandha hotA hai, svabhAvahetukA tAdAtmya hotA hai aura anupalabdhiyoMmeM bhI tAdAtmyasambandha hI vivakSita hai| jaina tArkikaparamparAmeM avinAbhAvako kevala tAdAtmya aura tadutpattimeM hI nahIM bA~dhA hai, kintu usakA vyApaka kSetra nizcita kiyA hai| avinAbhAva, sahabhAva aura kramabhAvamUlaka hotA hai / sahabhAva tAdAtmya prayukta bhI ho sakatA hai aura tAdAtmyake binA bhI / jaise ki tarAjUke eka palar3ekA Uparako jAnA aura dUsarekA nIcekI tarapha jhukanA, ina donoM meM tAdAtmya na hokara bhI sahabhAva hai / kramabhAva kArya-kAraNabhAvamUlaka bhI hotA hai aura kAryakAraNabhAvake binA bhii| jaise ki kRttikodaya aura usake eka muhurtake bAda udita honevAle zakaTodayameM paraspara kAryakAraNabhAva na hone para bhI niyata kramabhAva hai| avinAbhAvake isI vyApaka svarUpako AdhAra banAkara jaina paramparAmeM hetuke svabhAva, vyApaka, kArya, kAraNa, pUrvacara, uttaracara aura sahacara ye bheda kiye haiN| hetuke sAmAnyatayA do bheda bhI hote haiM 2-eka upalabdhirUpa aura dUsarA anupalabdhirUpa / upalabdhi, vidhi aura pratiSedha donoMko siddha karatI hai / isI taraha anupalabdhi bhI / bauddha kArya aura svabhAva hetuko kevala vidhisAdhaka aura anupalabdhi hetuko mAtra pratiSedhasAdhaka mAnate haiM, kintu Age diye jAnevAle udAharaNoMse yaha spaSTa ho jAyagA ki anupalabdhi aura upalabdhi donoM hI hetu vidhi aura pratiSedha donoMke sAdhaka haiN| vaizeSika saMyoga aura samavAyako svatantra mAnate hai, ataH etannimittaka saMyogI aura samavAyI ye do hetu unhoMne svatantra mAne haiM; parantu isa prakArake bheda sahabhAvamUlaka avinAbhAvameM saMgRhIta ho jAte haiN| ve yA to sahacarahetumeM yA svabhAvahetumeM antarbhUta ho jAte haiM / kAraNahetukA samarthana : bauddha kAraNahetuko svIkAra nahIM karate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki 'kAraNa avazya hI kAryako utpanna kare' aisA niyama nahIM hai| jo antima kSaNaprApta kAraNa niyamase kAryakA utpAdaka hai, usake dUsare kSaNameM hI kAryakA pratyakSa ho jAne vAlA hai, ataH usakA anumAna nirarthaka hai| kintu a~dheremeM kisI phalake rasako cakhakara tatsamAnakAlIna rUpakA anumAna kAraNase kAryakA anumAna hI to hai, kyoMki 1. parIkSAmukha 3 / 54 / 3. parIkSAmukha 3152 / / 2. 'atra dvau vastusAdhanau, ekaH pratiSedhahetuH / ' -nyAyabi0 2 / 16 / 3. 'na ca kAraNAni avazyaM kAryavanti bhavanti |'-nyaayvi0 2 / 46 / 4. 'rasAdekasAmagryanumAnena rUpAnumAnamicchadbhiriSTameva kiJcit kAraNaM heturyatra sAmarthyApati bndhkaarnnaantraavaiklye|'-priikssaamukh 3 / 55 /

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pramANamImAMsA 247 vartamAna rasako pUrva rasa upAdAnabhAvase tathA pUrvarUpa nimittabhAvase utpanna karatA hai aura pUrvarUpa apane uttararUpako paidA karake hI rasameM nimitta banatA hai| ataH rasako cakhakara usakI ekasAmagrIkA anumAna hotA hai| phira ekasAmagrIke anumAnase jo uttara rUpakA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha kAraNase kAryakA hI anumAna hai / ise svabhAvahetumeM antarbhUta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kAraNase kAryake anumAnameM do zarte Avazyaka hai| eka to usa kAraNakI zaktikA kisI pratibandhakase pratirodha na ho aura dUsare sAmagrI kI vikalatA na ho| ina do bAtoMkA nizcaya hone para hI kAraNa kAryakA avyabhicArI anumAna karA sakatA hai| jahA~ inakA nizcaya na ho, vahA~ na sahI; para jisa kAraNake sambandhameM inakA nizcaya karanA zakya hai, usa kAraNako hetu svIkAra karanemeM koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhiye / pUrvacara, uttaracara, sahacara hetu : ____ isI taraha 'pUrvacara aura uttaracara hetuoMmeM na to tAdAtmya sambandha pAyA jAtA hai aura na tadutpatti hI; kyoMki kAlakA vyavadhAna rahane para ina donoM sambandhoMkI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / ataH inheM bhI pRthak hetu svIkAra karanA cAhiye / Aja hue apazakunako kAlAntarameM honevAle maraNakA kArya mAnanA tathA atIta jAgRta avasthAke jJAnako prabodhakAlIna jJAnake prati kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki kAryakI utpatti kAraNake vyApArake adhIna hotI hai| jo kAraNa atIta aura anutpanna honeke kAraNa svayaM asat haiM, ata eva vyApArazUnya haiM; unase kAryotpattikI sambhAvanA kaise kI jA sakatI hai ? isI taraha sahacArI padArtha eka sAtha utpanna hote haiM, ataH ve paraspara kAryakAraNabhUta nahIM kahe jA sakate aura eka apanI sthitimeM dUsareko apekSA nahIM karatA, ataH unameM paraspara tAdAtmya bhI nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isalie sahacara hetuko bhI pRthak mAnanA hI caahiye| hetu ke bheda : vidhisAdhaka upalabdhiko aviruddhopalabdhi aura pratiSedha-sAdhaka upalabdhiko viruddhopalabdhi kahate haiM / inake udAharaNa isa prakAra haiM: (1) aviruddhavyApyopalabdhi-zabda pariNAmI hai, kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai| (2) aviruddhakAryopalabdhi-isa prANImeM buddhi hai, kyoMki vacana Adi dekhe jAte haiN| 1. dekho, laghIya0 zlo0 14 / parIkSAmukha 3 / 56-58 / 2. parIkSAmukha 359 / 3. parIkSAmukha 3 / 60-65 /

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248 jainadarzana (3 ) aviruddhakAraNopalabdhi-yahA~ chAyA hai, kyoMki chatra hai / ( 4 ) aviruddha pUrvacaropalabdhi-eka muhartake bAda zakaTa ( rohiNI ) kA udaya hogA, kyoMki isa samaya kRttikA kA udaya ho rahA hai / (5) aviruddhottaracaropalabdhi-eka muhUrta pahale bharaNIkA udaya ho cukA hai, kyoMki isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya ho rahA hai| (6) aviruddhasahacaropalabdhi-isa bijauremeM rUpa hai, kyoMki rasa pAyA jAtA hai| inameM aviruddhavyApakopalabdhi bheda isaliye nahIM batAyA ki vyApaka vyApyakA jJAna nahIM karAtA, kyoMki vaha usake abhAvameM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / pratiSedhako siddha karanevAlI chaha viruddhopalabdhiyA~' ( 1 ) viruddhavyApyopalabdhi-yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki uSNatA pAyI jAtI hai| (2) viruddhakAryopalabdhi-yahA~ zItasparza nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUpa pAyA jAtA hai| ( 3 ) viruddhakAraNopalabdhi-isa prANImeM sukha nahIM hai, kyoMki isake hRdayameM zalya hai| (4) viruddhapUrvacaropalabdhi-eka muhUrta ke bAda rohiNIkA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki isa samaya revatIkA udaya ho rahA hai| (5) viruddhauttaracaropalabdhi-eka muhUrta pahale bharaNIkA udaya nahIM huA, kyoMki isa samaya puSyakA udaya ho rahA hai| (6) viruddhasahacaropalabdhi-isa dIvAlameM usa taraphake hissekA abhAva nahIM hai, kyoMki isa taraphakA hissA dekhA jAtA hai| ina chaha upalabdhiyoMmeM pratiSedha sAdhya hai aura jisakA pratiSedha kiyA jA rahA hai usase viruddhake vyApya, kArya, kAraNa AdikI upalabdhi vivakSita hai| jaise viruddha kAraNopalabdhimeM sukhakA pratiSedha sAdhya hai, to sukhakA virodhI duHkha huA, usake kAraNa hRdayazalyako hetu banAyA gayA hai| pratiSedhasAdhaka sAta aviruddhAnupalabdhiyA~ (1) aviruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi-isa bhUtalapara ghar3A nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha anupalabdha hai| yadyapi yahA~ ghaTAbhAvakA jJAna pratyakSase hI ho jAtA hai, parantu jo 1. parIkSAmukha 366-72 / 2. parIkSAmukha 373-80 /

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pramANamImAMsA 249 vyakti abhAvavyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhate unheM abhAvavyavahAra karAnemeM isakI sArthakatA hai| ( 2 ) aviruddhavyApakAnupalabdhi-yahA~ zIzama nahIM hai; kyoMki vRkSa nahIM pAyA jaataa| ( 3 ) aviruddha kAryAnupalabdhiyahA~para apratibaddha zaktizAlI agni nahIM hai, kyoMki dhUma nahIM pAyA jAtA / yadyapi sAdhAraNatayA kAryAbhAvase kAraNAbhAva nahIM hotA, para aise kAraNakA abhAva kArya ke abhAvase avazya kiyA jA sakatA hai jo niyamase kAryakA utpAdaka hotA hai / ( 4 ) aviruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi-yahA~ dhUma nahIM hai, kyoMki agni nahIM pAyI jaatii| (5 ) aviruddhapUrvacarAnupalabdhi-eka muhUrta ke bAda rohiNIkA udaya nahIM hogA, kyoMki abhI kRttikAkA udaya nahIM huA hai| ( 6 ) aviruddhauttaracarAnupalabdhi-eka muhUrta pahale bharaNIkA udaya nahIM huA, kyoMki abhI kRttikAkA udaya nahIM hai| (7) aviruddhasahacarAnupalabdhi-isa samatarAjUkA eka palar3A nIcA nahIM hai, kyoMki dUsarA palar3A U~cA nahIM pAyA jaataa| vidhisAdhaka tIna viruddhAnupalabdhiyA~'-- (1) viruddhakAryAnupalabdhi-isa prANImeM koI vyAdhi hai, kyoMki isakI ceSTAe~ nIroga vyaktikI nahIM haiN| ( 2 ) viruddhakAraNAnupalabdhi-isa prANImeM duHkha hai, kyoMki iSTasaMyoga nahIM dekhA jaataa| ( 3 ) viruddhasvabhAvAnupalabdhi-vastu anekAntAtmaka hai, kyoMki ekAnta svarUpa upalabdha nahIM hotaa| ___ ina anupalabdhiyoMmeM sAdhyase viruddhake kArya, kAraNa AdikI anupalabdhi batAyI gaI hai / hetuoMkA yaha vargIkaraNa parIkSAmukhake AdhArase hai| vAdidevasUrine 'pramANanayatattvAlokAlaMkAra' ( 3 / 64 ) meM vidhisAdhaka tIna anupalabdhiyoMkI jagaha pA~ca anupalabdhiyA~ batAI haiM tathA niSedhasAdhaka chaha anupalabdhiyoMkI jagaha sAta anupalabdhiyA~ ginAI haiM / AcArya vidyAnanda ne vaizeSikoMka abhUta-bhUtAdi tIna prakAroMmeM 'abhUta abhUtakA' yaha eka prakAra aura bar3hAkara sabhI 1. parIkSAmukha 381-84 / 2. pramANaparIkSA pR0 72-74 /

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250 jainadarzana vidhi aura niSedha sAdhaka upalabdhiyoM tathA anupalabdhiyoMko inhIMmeM antarbhUta kiyA hai| akalaMkadevane 'pramANasaMgraha' (pR0 104-5 ) sadbhAvasAdhaka chaha aura anupalabdhiyoMkA kaMThokta varNana karake zeSakA inhIMmeM antarbhAva karanekA saMketa kiyA hai| paramparAse saMbhAvita hetu-kAryake kArya, kAraNake kAraNa, kAraNake virodhI Adi hetuoMkA inhIMmeM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / adRzthAnupalabdhi bhI abhAvasAdhikA : bauddha' dRzyAnupalabdhise hI abhAvakI siddhi mAnate haiN| dRzyase unakA tAtparya aisI vastuse hai ki jo vastu sUkSma, antarita yA dUravartI na ho tathA jo pratyakSakA viSaya ho sakatI ho| aisI vastu upalabdhike samasta kAraNa milanepara bhI yadi upalabdha na ho to usakA abhAva samajhanA caahie| sUkSma Adi viprakRSTa padArthoMmeM hama logoMke pratyakSa Adi pramANoMkI nivRtti honepara bhI unakA abhAva nahIM hotaa| pramANakI pravRttise prameyakA sadbhAva to jAnA jAtA hai, para pramANakI nivRttise prameyakA abhAva nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / ataH viprakRSTa viSayoMkI anupalabdhi saMzayahetu honese abhAvasAdhaka nahIM ho sakatI / 2 vastuke dRzyatvakA itanA hI artha hai ki usake upalambha karanevAle samasta karaNoMkI samagratA ho aura vastumeM eka vizeSa svabhAva ho| ghaTa aura bhUtala ekajJAnasaMsargI the, jitane kAraNoMse bhUtala dikhAI detA hai utane hI kAraNoMse ghdd'aa| ataH jaba zuddha bhUtala dikhAI de rahA hai taba yaha to mAnanA hI hogA ki vahA~ bhUtalakI upalabdhikI vaha saba sAmagrI vidyamAna hai jisase ghar3A yadi hotA to vaha bhI avazya dikha jaataa| tAtparya yaha ki ekajJAnasaMsargI padArthAntarakI upalabdhi isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki vahA~ upalabdhikI samasta sAmagrI hai / ghaTameM usa sAmagrIke dvArA pratyakSa honekA svabhAva bhI hai, kyoMki yadi vahA~ ghar3A lAyA jAya to usI sAmagrIse vaha avazya dikha jaaygaa| pizAcAdi yA paramANu Adi padArthoMmeM vaha svabhAvavizeSa nahIM hai, ataH sAmagrIkI pUrNatA rahanepara bhI unakA pratyakSa nahIM ho paataa| yahA~ sAmagrIkI pUrNatAkA pramANa isalie nahIM diyA jA sakatA ki unakA ekajJAnasaMsargI koI padArtha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| isa dRzyatAko 'upalabdhilakSaNaprApta' zabdase bhI kahate haiN| isa taraha bauddha dRzyAnupalabdhiko gamaka aura adRzyAnulabdhiko saMzayahetu mAnate haiM / 1. nyAyabindu 2 / 28-30, 46 / 2. nyAyabindu 2148-49 /

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pramANamImAMsA 251 parantu jainatAkika' akalaMkadeva kahate haiM ki dRzyatvakA artha kevala pratyakSaviSayatva hI nahIM hai, kintu usakA artha hai pramANaviSayatva / jo vastu jisa pramANakA viSaya hotI hai, vaha vastu yadi usI pramANase upalabdha na ho to usakA abhAva siddha ho jAnA caahiye| upalambhakA artha pramANasAmAnya hai| dekho, mRta zarIrameM svabhAvase atIndriya paracaitanyakA abhAva bhI hama loga siddha karate haiN| yahA~ paracaitanyameM pratyakSaviSayatvarUpa dRzyatva to nahIM hai, kyoMki paracaitanya kabhI bhI hamAre pratyakSakA viSaya nahIM hotaa| hama to vacana, uSNatA, zvAsocchvAsa yA AkAravizeSa Adike dvArA zarIrameM mAtra usakA anumAna karate haiM / ataH unhIM vacanAdike abhAvase caitanyakA abhAva siddha honA caahiye| yadi adRzyAnupalabdhiko saMzayahetu mAnate haiM; to AtmAkI sattA bhI kaise siddha kI jA sakegI ? AtmAdi adRzya padArtha anumAnake viSaya hote haiM / ataH yadi hama unake sAdhaka cihnoMke abhAvameM unakI anumAnase bhI upalabdhi na kara sakeM to hI unakA abhAva mAnanA cAhie / hA~, jina padArthoMko hama kisI bhI pramANase nahIM jAna sakate, unakA abhAva hama anupalabdhise nahIM kara sakate / yadi parazarIrameM caitanyakA abhAva hama anupalabdhise na jAna sakeM aura saMzaya hI banA rahe, to mRtazarIrakA dAha karanA kaThina ho jAyagA aura dAha karanevAloMko sandehameM pAtakI bananA pdd'egaa| saMsArake samasta guruziSyabhAva, lena-dena Adi vyavahAra, atIndriya caitanyakA AkRtivizeSa Adise sadbhAva mAnakara hI calate haiM aura unake abhAvameM caitanyakA abhAva jAnakara mRtakameM ve vyavahAra nahIM kiye jAte / tAtparya yaha ki jisa padArthako hama jina-jina pramANoMse jAnate haiM usa vastukA una-una pramANoMkI nivRtti honepara avazya hI abhAva mAnanA cAhie / ataH dRzyatvakA saMkucita artha-mAtra pratyakSa tva na karake 'pramANaviSayatva' karanA hI ucita hai aura vyavahArya bhI hai| udAharaNAdi : yaha pahale likhA jA cukA hai ki avyutpanna zrotAke lie udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana ina avayavoMkI bhI sArthakatA hai| svArthAnumAnameM bhI jo vyakti vyAptiko bhUla gayA hai, use vyAptismaraNake liye kadAcit udAharaNakA upayoga ho bhI sakatA hai, para vyutpanna vyaktiko usakI koI upayogitA nahIM hai| vyAptikI sampratipatti arthAta vAdI aura prativAdIkI samAna pratIti jisa sthalameM ho usa 1. 'adRzyAnupalambhAdabhAvAsiddhirityuktaM paracaitayanivRttAvArekApatteH, saMskatRNAM pAtakitvaprasaGgAt bahulamapratyakSasyApi rogAdevinivRttinirNayAt / ' -aSTaza0, aSTasaha0 pR0 52 /

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252 jainadarzana .sthalako dRSTAnta kahate haiM aura dRSTAntakA samyak vacana udAharaNa' kahalAtA hai / sAdhya aura sAdhanakI vyApti-avinAbhAvasambandha kahIM sAdharmya arthAt anvayarUpase gRhIta hotA hai aura kahIM vaidharmya arthAt vyatirekarUpase / jahA~ anvayavyApti gRhota ho vaha anvayadRSTAnta tathA vyatirekavyApti jahA~ gRhIta ho vaha vyatirekadRSTAnta hai / isa dRSTAntakA samyak arthAt dRSTAntakI vidhise kathana karanA udAharaNa hai / jaise 'jo-jo dhUmavAlA hai vaha-vaha agnivAlA hai, jaise ki mahAnasa, jahA~ agni nahIM hai vahA~ dhUma bhI nahIM hai, jaise ki mahAhrada / ' isa prakAra vyAptipUrvaka dRSTAntakA kathana udAharaNa kahalAtA hai| __ dRSTAntakI sadazatAse pakSameM sAdhanakI sattA dikhAnA upanaya hai| jaise 'usI taraha yaha bhI dhUmavAlA hai|' sAdhanakA anuvAda karake pakSameM sAdhyakA niyama batAnA nigamana hai| jaise 'isaliye agnivAlA hai|' saMkSepameM hetuke upasaMhArako upanaya kahate haiM aura pratijJAke upasaMhArako nigamana / hetukA kathana kahIM tathopapatti ( sAdhyake hone para hI sAdhanakA honA ), anvaya yA sAdharmyarUpase hotA hai aura kahIM anyathAnupapatti ( sAdhyake abhAvameM hetukA nahIM hI honA ), vyatireka yA vaidharmyarUpase hotA hai / donoMkA prayoga karanese punarukti dUSaNa AtA hai| hetukA prayoga vyAptigrahaNake anusAra hI hotA hai / ataH hetuke prayogamAtrase vidvAn vyAptikA smaraNa yA avadhAraNa kara lete haiN| pakSakA prayoga to isaliye Avazyaka hai ki sAdhya aura sAdhanakA AdhAra atispaSTarUpase sUcita ho jaay| vyAptike prasaMgase vyApya aura vyApakakA lakSaNa bhI jAna lenA Avazyaka hai| vyApya aura vyApaka : vyAptikriyAkA jo karma hotA hai arthAt jo vyApta hotA hai vaha vyApya hai aura jo vyAptikriyAkA kartA hotA hai arthAt jo vyApta karatA hai vaha vyApaka hotA hai| jaise agni dhuA~ko vyApta karatI hai arthAt jahA~ bhI dhUma hogA vahA~ agni avazya milegI, para dhUA~ agniko vyApta nahIM karatA, kAraNa yaha hai ki nirdhUma bhI agni pAI jAtI hai| hama yaha nahIM kaha sakate ki 'jahA~ bhI agni hai vahA~ dhUma avazya 1. dekho, parIkSAmukha 3 / 42-44 / 2. parIkSAmukha 345 / 3. parIkSAmukha 3 / 46 / 4. parIkSAmukha 3186-63 /

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pramANamImAMsA - 253 hI hogA', kyoMki agnike aMgAroMmeM dhuMA nahIM pAyA jaataa| 'vyApaka 'tadatat' arthAt hetuke sadbhAva aura hetuke abhAva, donoM sthaloMmeM milatA hai jaba ki vyApya kevala taniSTha arthAt sAdhyake hone para hI hotA hai, abhAvameM kadApi nahI / ataH sAdhya vyApaka hai aura sAdhana vyApya / / ____ vyApti2 vyApya aura vyApaka domeM rahatI hai| ataH jaba vyApakake dharmarUpase vyAptikI vivakSA hotI hai taba usakA kathana 'vyApakakA vyApyake hone para honA ho, na honA kabhI nahIM' isa rUpameM hotA hai aura jaba vyApyake dharmarUpase vivakSita hotI hai taba 'vyApyakA vyApakake hone para hI honA, abhAvameM kabhI nahIM honA' isa rUpa meM varNana hotA hai| vyApaka gamya hotA hai aura vyApya gamaka; kyoM ki vyApyake hone para vyApakakA pAyA jAnA nizcita hai, parantu vyApakake hone para vyApyakA avazya hI honA nizcita nahIM hai, vaha ho bhI aura na bhI ho / vyApaka adhikadezavartI hotA hai jaba ki vyApya alpakSetravAlA / yaha vyavasthA anvayavyAptikI hai| vyatirekavyAptimeM sAdhyAbhAva vyApya hotA hai aura sAdhanAbhAva vyApaka / jahA~-jahA~ sAdhyakA abhAva hogA vahA~-vahA~ sAdhanakA abhAva avazya hogA arthAt sAdhyAbhAvako sAdhanAbhAvane vyApta kiyA hai / para jahA~ sAdhanAbhAva hogA vahA~ sAdhyake abhAvakA koI niyama nahIM hai; kyoMki nirdhUma sthalameM bhI agni pAI jAtI hai| ataH vyatirekavyAptimeM sAdhyAbhAva vyApya arthAt gamaka hotA hai aura sAdhanAbhAva vyApaka arthAt gamya / akasmAt dhUmadarzanase honevAlA agnijJAna pratyakSa nahIM : A0 prajJAkara3 akasmAt dhuA~ko dekhakara honevAle agnike jJAnako anumAna na mAnakara pratyakSa hI mAnate haiN| unakA vicAra hai ki jaba agni aura dhUmakI vyApti pahale grahaNa nahIM kI gaI hai, taba agRhItavyAptika puruSako honevAlA agnijJAna anumAnakI koTimeM nahIM AnA cAhiye / kintu jaba pratyakSakA indriya aura padArthake sambandhase utpanna honA nizcita hai, taba jo agni parokSa hai aura jisake sAtha hamArI indriyoMkA koI sambandha nahIM hai, usa agnikA jJAna pratyakSakI 1. 'vyAptiApakasya tatra bhAva eva, vyApyasya ca tatraiva bhAvaH / ' -pramANavA0 svvR03|1| 2. 'vyApakaM tadatanniSThaM vyApyaM tanniSTameva c|' 3. 'atyantAbhyAsatastasya jhaTityeva tadarthadRk / akasmAd dhUmato vahnipratItiriva dehinAm // ' -pramANavArtikAla0 2 / 136 /

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254 jainadarzana maryAdAmeM kaise A sakatA hai ? yaha ThIka hai ki vyaktine 'jahA~-jahA~ dhUma hotA hai, vahA~-vahA~ agni hotI hai, agnike abhAvameM dhUma kabhI nahIM hotA' isa prakAra spaSTarUpase vyAptikA nizcaya nahIM kiyA hai kintu aneka bAra agni aura dhUmako dekhaneke bAda usake manameM agni aura dhUmake sambandhake sUkSma saMskAra avazya the aura ve hI sUkSma saMskAra acAnaka dhuA~ko dekhakara ubuddha hote haiM aura agnikA jJAna karA dete haiN| yahA~ dhUmakA hI to pratyakSa hai, agni to sAmane hai hI nhiiN| ataH isa parokSa agnijJAnako sAmAnyatayA zrutameM sthAna diyA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isameM eka arthase arthAntarakA jJAna kiyA gayA hai| ise anumAna kahane meM bhI koI vizeSa bAdhA nahIM hai, kyoMki vyAptike sUkSma saMskAra usake manapara aMkita the hii| phira yaha jJAna avizada hai, ataH pratyakSa nahIM kahA jA sktaa| arthApati anumAnameM antarbhUta hai : mImAMsaka' arthApattiko pRthak pramANa mAnate haiN| kisI dRSTa yA zruta padArthase vaha jisake binA nahIM hotA usa avinAbhAvI adRSTa arthakI kalpanA karanA arthApatti hai| isase atIndriya zakti Adi padArthoMkA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha chaha prakArakI hai (1) pratyakSapUrvikA arthApatti-pratyakSase jJAta dAhake dvArA agnimeM dahanazaktikI kalpanA krnaa| zakti pratyakSase nahIM jAnI jA sakatI; kyoMki vaha atIndriya hai| (2) anumAnapUrvikA arthApatti-eka dezase dUsare dezako prApta honA rUpa hetuse sUryameM gatikA anumAna karake phira usa gatise sUryameM gamanazaktikI kalpanA krnaa| ( 3 ) 4zrutArthApatti-'devadatta dinako nahIM khAtA, phira bhI moTA hai' isa vAkyako sunakara usake rAtribhojanakA jJAna krnaa| (4) 5upamAnArthApatti-gavayase upamita gaumeM usa jJAnake viSaya honekI zaktikI kalpanA krnaa| (5) arthApattipUrvikA arthApatti-'zabda vAcakazaktiyukta hai, anyathA usase arthapratIti nahIM ho sktii| isa arthApattise siddha vAcakazaktise zabdameM 1. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 1 / 2. mI0 slo0 arthA0 zlo0 3 / 3. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 3 / 4. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 51 / 5, mI0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 4 / 6. mo0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo05-8 /

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pramANamImAMsA 255 nityatva siddha karanA arthAt 'zabda nitya hai, vAcakazakti anyathA nahIM ho sakatI' yaha pratIti krnaa| (6) 'abhAvapUrvikA arthApatti-abhAva pramANake dvArA jIvita caitrakA gharameM abhAva jAnakara usake bAhara honekI kalpanA karanA / ___ ina 2arthApattiyoMmeM avinAbhAva usI samaya gRhIta hotA hai| liMgakA avinAbhAva dRSTAntameM pahalese hI nizcita kara liyA jAtA hai jaba ki arthApattimeM pakSameM hI turanta avinAbhAvakA nizcaya kiyA jAtA hai| anumAnameM hetukA pakSadharmatva Avazyaka hai jaba ki arthApattimeM pakSadharma Avazyaka nahIM mAnA jaataa| jaise 'UparakI ora meghavRSTi huI hai, nIce nadIkA pUra anyathA nahIM A sakatA' yahA~ nIce nadIpUrako dekhakara turanta hI uparivRSTikI jo kalpanA hotI hai usameM na to pakSadharma hai aura na pahalese kisI sapakSameM vyApti hI grahaNa kI gaI hai| parantu itane mAtrase arthApattiko anumAnase bhinna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| avinAbhAvI eka arthase dUsare padArthakA jJAna karanA jaise anumAnameM hai vaise arthApattimeM bhI hai| hama pahale batA cuke haiM ki pakSadharmatva anumAnakA koI Avazyaka aMga nahIM hai| kRttikodaya Adi hetu pakSadharmarahita hokara bhI sacce hai aura mitrAtanayatva Adi hetvAbhAsa pakSadharmatvake rahanepara bhI gamaka nahIM hote| isI taraha sapakSameM pahalese vyAptiko grahaNa karanA itanI bar3I vizeSatA nahIM hai ki isake AdhArapara donoMko pRthak pramANa mAnA jAya / aura sabhI anumAnoMmeM sapakSameM vyApti grahaNa karanA Avazyaka bhI nahIM hai / vyApti pahale gRhIta ho yA tatkAla; isase anumAnameM koI antara nahIM aataa| ataH arthApattikA anumAnameM antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / saMbhava svatantra pramANa nahIM : isI taraha sambhava pramANa yadi avinAbhAvamUlaka hai to vaha anumAnameM hI antarbhUta ho jAtA hai / serameM chaTA~kakI sambhAvanA eka nizcita avinAbhAvI mApake niyamoMse sambandha rakhatI hai| yadi vaha avinAbhAvake binA hI hotA hai to use pramANa hI nahIM kaha skte| abhAva svatantra pramANa nahIM : mImAMsaka abhAvako svatantra pramANa mAnate haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki 1. mI0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 9 / 2. mo0 zlo0 arthA0 zlo0 30 /

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256 jainadarzana 1bhAvarUpa prameyake liye jaise bhAvAtmaka pramANa hotA hai usI taraha abhAvarUpa prameyake liye abhAvarUpa pramANakI hI AvazyakatA hai / 2vastu sat aura asat ubhayarUpa hai| inameM indriya Adike dvArA sadaMzakA grahaNa ho jAnepara bhI asadaMzake jJAnake liye abhAvapramANa apekSita hotA hai| jisa padArthakA niSedha karanA hai usakA smaraNa, jahA~ niSedha karanA hai usakA grahaNa honepara manase hI jo 'nAsti' jJAna hotA hai vaha abhAva hai| jisa vasturUpameM sadbhAvake grAhaka pA~ca pramANoMkI pravRtti nahIM hotI usameM abhAva bodhake liye abhAvapramANa pravRtti karatA hai| 5abhAva yadi na mAnA jAya to prAgabhAvAdimUlaka samasta vyavahAra naSTa ho jaayge| vastukI paraspara pratiniyata rUpameM sthiti abhAvake adhIna hai| dUdhameM dahIkA abhAva prAgabhAva hai| dahI meM dUdhakA abhAva pradhvaMsAbhAva hai / ghaTameM paTakA abhAva anyonyAbhAva yA itaretarAbhAva hai aura kharaviSANakA abhAva atyantAbhAva hai| kintu vastu ubhayAtmaka hai, isameM vivAda nahIM hai, para abhAvAMza bhI vastukA dharma honese yathAsaMbhava pratyakSa, pratyabhijJAna aura anumAna Adi pramANoMse hI gRhIta ho jAtA hai| bhUtala aura ghaTako 'saghaTa bhUtalam' isa eka pratyakSane jAnA thaa| pIche zuddha bhUtalako jAnanevAlA pratyakSa hI ghaTAbhAvako grahaNa kara letA hai, kyoMki ghaTAbhAva zuddhabhUtalAdi rUpa hI to hai| athavA 'yaha vahI bhUtala hai jo pahale ghaTasahita thA' isa prakArakA pratyabhijJAna bhI abhAvako grahaNa kara sakatA hai / anumAnake prakaraNameM upalabdhi aura anupalabdhirUpa aneka hetuoMke udAharaNa diye gaye haiM jo abhAvoMke grAhaka hote haiM / yaha koI niyama nahIM hai ki bhAvAtmaka prameyake lie bhAvarUpa pramANa aura abhAvAtmaka prameyake lie abhAvAtmaka pramANa hI mAnA 1. 'meyo yadvadabhAvo hi mAnamapyevamiSyatAm / bhAvAtmake yathA meye nAbhAvasya pramANatA // tathaivAbhAvameye'pi na bhAvasya prmaanntaa|" -mo0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 45/46 / 2. mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 12-14 / / 3. gRhItkA vastusadbhAvaM smRtvA ca pratiyoginam / mAnasaM nAstitAzAnaM jAyate akSAnapekSayA / ' -mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 27 / 4. mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 1 / 5. mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 zlo0 7 / 6. mI0 zlo0 abhA0 zlo0 2-4 /

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pramANamImAMsA 257 jAya; kyoMki ur3ate hue pattoMke nIce na girane rUpa abhAvase AkAzameM vAyukA sadbhAva mAnA jAtA hai aura zuddhabhUtalagrAhI pratyakSase ghaTAbhAvakA bodha to prasiddha hI hai / prAgabhAvAdike svarUpase to inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, para ve vasturUpa hI haiM / ghaTakA prAgabhAva mRtpiDako chor3akara anya nahIM batAyA jA sktaa| abhAva bhAvAntararUpa hotA hai, yaha anubhava siddha siddhAnta hai| ataH jaba pratyakSa, pratyabhijJAna aura anumAna Adi pramANoMke dvArA hI usakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai taba svatantra abhAvapramANa mAnanekI koI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jaatii| kathA-vicAra : parArthAnumAnake prasaMgameM kathAkA apanA vizeSa sthAna hai| pakSa aura pratipakSa grahaNa kara vAdI aura prativAdImeM jo vacana-vyavahAra svamatake sthApana paryanta calatA hai use kathA kahate haiN| nyAya-paramparAmeM kathAke tIna bheda mAne gaye haiM1. vAda, 2. jalpa aura 3 vitaNDA / tattvake jijJAsuoMkI kathAko yA vItarAgakathAko vAda kahA jAtA hai| jaya-parAjayake icchuka vijigISuoMkI kathA jalpa aura vitaNDA hai| donoM kathAoMmeM pakSa aura pratipakSakA parigraha Avazyaka hai| 2vAdameM pramANa aura tarkake dvArA svapakSa sAdhana aura parapakSa dUSaNa kiye jAte haiN| isameM siddhAntase aviruddha paJcAvayava vAkyakA prayoga anivArya honese nyUna, adhika, apasiddhAnta aura pA~ca hetvAbhAsa ina ATha nigrahasthAnoMkA prayoga ucita mAnA gayA hai / anya chala, jAti AdikA prayoga isa vAdakathAmeM varjita hai| isakA uddezya tattvanirNaya karanA hai / 3jalpa aura vitaNDAmeM chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna jaise asat upAyoMkA avalambana lenA bhI nyAyya mAnA gayA hai| inakA uddezya tattvasaMrakSaNa karanA hai aura tattvakI saMrakSA kisI bhI upAyase karanemeM inheM Apatti nahIM hai / nyAyasUtra ( 4 / 2150 ) meM spaSTa likhA hai ki jisa taraha aMkurakI rakSAke lie kA~ToMkI bArI lagAyI jAtI hai, usI taraha tattvasaMrakSaNake liye jalpa aura vitaNDAmeM kA~Teke samAna chala, jAti Adi asat upAyoMkA avalambana lenA bhI anucita nahIM hai / 4janatA mUr3ha aura gatAnugatika hotI hai| vaha duSTa vAdIke 1. 'bhAvAntaravinirmukto bhAvo'trAnupalambhavat / abhAvaH sammatastasya hetoH kinna samudbhavaH ?' ---uddhRta, prameyaka0 pR0 160 / 2. nyAyasU0 1 / 2 / 1 / 3. nyAyasU0 1 / 2 / 2,3 / 4. "gatAnugatiko lokaH kumArga tatpratAritaH / mAgAditi chalAdIni prAha kAruNiko muniH ||"-yaaymN0 pR0 11 .

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258 jainadarzana dvArA ThagI jAkara kumArgameM na calI jAya, isa mArga-saMrakSaNake uddezyase kAruNika munine chala Adi jaise asat upAyoMkA bhI upadeza diyA hai| vitaNDA kathAmeM vAdI apane pakSake sthApanakI cintA na karake kevala pratibAdI pakSoM dUSaNa-hI-dUSaNa dekara usakA muMha banda kara detA hai, jaba ki jalpa kathA parapakSa khaNDanake sAtha-hI-sAtha svapakSa-sthApana bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| isa taraha svamatasaMrakSaNake uddezyase eka bAra chala, jAti jaise asat upAyoMke avalambanakI chUTa honepara tattvanirNaya gauNa ho gayA; aura zAstrArthake lie aisI navIna bhASAkI sRSTi kI gaI, jisake zabdajAlameM prativAdI itanA ulajha jAya ki vaha apanA pakSa hI siddha na kara ske| isI bhUmikApara kevala vyApti, hetvAbhAsa Adi anumAnake avayavoMpara sAre navyanyAyakI sRSTi huii| jinakA bhItarI uddezya tattvanirNayakI apekSA tattvasaMrakSaNa hI vizeSa mAlUma hotA hai ! carakake vimAnasthAnameM saMdhAya-saMbhASA aura vigahya-sambhASA ye do bheda ukta vAda aura jalpa vitaNDAke arthameM hI Aye haiN| yadyapi naiyAyikane chala Adiko asad uttara mAnA hai aura sAdhAraNa avasthAmeM usakA niSedha bhI kiyA hai, parantu kisI bhI prayojanase jaba eka bAra chala Adi ghusa gaye to phira jaya-parAjayake kSetrameM unhIMkA rAjya ho gayA / bauddha paramparAke prAcIna upAyahRdaya aura tarkazAstra AdimeM chalAdike prayogakA samarthana dekhA jAtA hai, kintu AcArya dharmakIrtine ise satya aura ahiMsAkI dRSTise ucita na samajhakara apane vAdanyAya granthameM unakA prayoga sarvathA amAnya aura anyAyya ThaharAyA hai / isakA bhI kAraNa yaha hai ki bauddha paramparAmeM dharmarakSAke sAtha saMgharakSAkA bhI pramukha sthAna hai| unake 'trizaraNameM buddha aura dharmakI zaraNa jAneke sAtha hI sAtha saMghake zaraNameM bhI jAnekI pratijJA kI jAtI hai| jaba ki jaina paramparAmeM saMghazaraNakA koI sthAna nahIM hai / inake 2 catuHzaraNameM arhanta, siddha, sAdhu aura dharmakI zaraNako hI prApta honA batAyA hai| isakA spaSTa artha hai ki saMgharakSA aura saMghaprabhAvanAke uddezyase bhI chalAdi asad upAyoMkA avalambana karanA jo prAcIna bauddha takagranthoMmeM ghusa gayA usameM satya aura ahiMsAkI dharmadaSTi kucha gauNa to avazya ho gayI hai / dharmakItine isa asaMgatiko samajhA aura hara hAlatameM chala, jAti Adi asat prayogoMko varjanIya hI batAyA hai| 1. "buddhaM saraNaM gacchAmi, dhamma saraNaM gacchAmi, saMgha saraNaM gacchAmi / " 2. "catvAri saraNaM pavajjAmi, arahate saraNaM pavvajjAmi, siddhe saraNaM pavvajjAmi, sAhU saraNaM pavajjAmi, kevalipaNNattaM dhamma saraNaM pavvajjAmi / " / __-cattAri dNddk|

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pramANamImAMsA 259 sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanoMkI bhI pavitratA : jaina tArkika pahalese hI satya aura ahiMsArUpa dharmakI rakSAke lie prANoMkI bAjI lagAneko sadA prastuta rahe haiN| unake saMyama aura tyAgakI paramparA sAdhyakI taraha sAdhanoMkI pavitratApara bhI prathamase hI bhAra detI AyI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina darzanake prAcIna granthoMmeM kahIMpara bhI kisI bhI rUpameM chalAdike prayogakA ApavAdika samarthana bhI nahIM dekhA jaataa| isake eka hI apavAda hai, zvetAmbara paramparAke aThArahavIM sadIke AcArya yshovijy| jinhoMne vAdadvAtriMzatikA meM prAcIna bauddha tArkikoMkI taraha zAsana-prabhAvanAke mohameM par3akara amuka dezAdimeM ApavAdika chalAdike prayogako bhI ucita mAna liyA hai| isakA kAraNa bhI digambara aura zvetAmbara paramparAkI mUla prakRtimeM samAyA huA hai| digambara nirgrantha paramparA apanI kaThora tapasyA, tyAga aura vairAgyake mUlabhUta aparigraha aura ahiMsArUpI dharmastambhoMmeM kisI bhI prakArakA apavAda kisI bhI uddezyase svIkAra karaneko taiyAra nahIM rahI, jaba ki zvetAmbara paramparA bauddhoMkI taraha lokasaMgrahakI ora bhI jhukii| cUMki lokasaMgrahake liye rAjasamparka, vAda aura mataprabhAvanA Adi karanA Avazyaka the isIliye vyaktigata cAritrakI kaThoratA bhI kucha mRdUtAmeM pariNata huii| siddhAntakI tanika bhI DhilAI pAnIkI taraha apanA rAstA banAtI hI jAtI hai| digambaraparamparAke kisI bhI tarkagranthameM chalAdike prayogake ApavAdika aucityakA nahIM mAnanA aura ina asad upAyoMke sarvathA parivarjanakA vidhAna, unakI siddhAnta-sthiratAkA hI pratiphala hai| akalaMkadevane isI satya aura ahiMsAkI dRSTise hI chalAdirUpa asad uttaroMke prayogako sarvathA anyAyya aura parivarjanIya mAnA hai| ataH unakI dRSTise vAda aura jalpameM koI bheda nahIM raha jaataa| isalie ve saMkSepameM samarthavacanako vAda3 kahakara bhI kahIM vAdake sthAnameM jalpa zabdakA bhI prayoga kara dete haiN| unane batalAyA hai ki madhyasthoMke samakSa vAdI aura prativAdiyoMke svapakSasAdhana aura parapakSadUSaNarUpa 1. "ayameva vidheyastattatvazena tapasvinA / / dezAdyapekSayA'nyo'pi vijJAya gurulAdhavam // " ---dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzatikA 86 / 2. dekho, siddhivinizcaya, jalpasiddhi ( 5 vA~ pariccheda ) / 3. "samarthavacanaM vAda:"-pramANasaM0 zlo0 51 / 4. "samarthavacanaM jalpaM caturaGga vidurbudhAH / pakSanirNayaparyantaM phalaM mArgaprabhAvanA // " -siddhivi0, 5 / 2 /

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260 jainadarzana vacanako vAda kahate haiN| vitaNDA' vAdAbhAsa hai, jisameM vAdI apanA pakSasthApana nahIM karake mAtra khaNDana-hI-khaNDana karatA hai, jo sarvathA tyAjya hai / nyAyadIpikA (pR0 79 ) tattvanirNaya yA tattvajJAnake vizuddha prayojanase jaya-parAjayakI bhAvanAse rahita guru-ziSya yA vItarAgI vidvAnoMmeM tattvanirNaya taka calanevAle vacanavyavahArako parAjayaparyanta calanevAle vacanavyavahArako vijigISu kathA kahA hai|| vItarAga kathA sabhApati aura sabhyoMke abhAvameM bhI cala sakatI hai, aura jaba bhI Avazyaka hai| sabhApatike binA jaya aura parAjayakA nirNaya kauna degA? aura ubhayapakSavedI sabhyoMke binA svamatonmatta vAdiprativAdiyoMko sabhApatike anuzAsanameM rakhanekA kArya kauna karegA ? ataH vAda caturaMga hotA hai| jaya-parAjayavyavasthA : naiyAyikoMne jaba jalpa aura vitaNDAmeM chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAnakA prayoga svIkAra kara liyA, taba unhIMke AdhArapara jayaparAjayakI vyavasthA bnii| inhoMne pratijJAhAni Adi bAIsa nigrahasthAna mAne haiM / sAmAnyase 'vipratipatti-viruddha yA sthApitakA pratiSedha nahIM karanA tathA pratiSiddha svapakSakA uddhAra nahIM karanA' ye do hI nigrahasthAna3-parAjayasthAna hote haiN| inhIM ke vizeSa bheda pratijJAhAni Adi bAIsa haiN| jinameM batAyA hai ki yadi koI vAdI apanI pratijJAkI hAni karade, dUsarA hetu bolade, asambaddha pada, vAkya yA varNa bole, isa taraha bole jisase tIna bAra kahane para bhI prativAdI aura pariSad na rAmajha sake, hetu, dRSTAnta AdikA krama bhaMga ho jAya, avayava nyUna yA adhika kahe jA~ya punarukti ho, prativAdI vAdIke dvArA kahe gaye pakSakA anuvAda na kara sake, uttara na de sake, dUSaNako ardha svIkAra karake khaNDana kare, nigrahayogyake lie nigrahasthAnakA udbhAvana na kara sake, jo nigrahayogya nahIM hai, use nigrahasthAna batAve, siddhAntaviruddha bole, hetvAbhAsoMkA prayoga kare to nigrahasthAna arthAt parAjaya hogii| ye zAstrArthake kAnUna haiM, jinakA 1. "tadAbhAso vitaNDAdirabhyupetAvyavasthiteH / " nyAyavi0 2 / 384 / 2. "yathoktopapannaH chalajAtinigrahasthAnasAdhanopAlambho jalpaH / sa pratipakSasthApanAhIno vitnnddaa|"-nyaaysuu0 1 / 2 / 2-3 / 3. "vipratipattirapratipattizca nigrahasthAnam |"---nyaaysuu0 112:19 / 4. nyAyasU0 5 / 2 / 1 /

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pramANamImAMsA 261 thor3A-sA bhaMga honepara satyasAdhanavAdIke hAthameM bhI parAjaya A sakatI hai aura duSTa sAdhanavAdI ina anu zAsanake niyamoMko pAlakara jayalAbha bhI kara sakatA hai| tAtparya yaha ki yahA~ zAstrArthake niyamoMkA bArIkIse pAlana karane aura na karanekA pradarzana hI jaya aura parAjayakA AdhAra huA; svapakSasiddhi yA parapakSadUSaNa jaise maulika karttavya nhiiN| isameM isa bAtakA dhyAna rakhA gayA hai ki paJcAvayavavAle anumAnaprayogameM kucha kamI-besI aura kramabhaMga yadi hotA hai to use parAjayakA kAraNa honA hI caahie| dharmakIrti AcAryane ina chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAnoM ke AdhArase hone vAlI jaya-parAjaya-vyavasthAkA khaNDana karate hue likhA hai ki jayaparAjayakI vyavasthAko isa prakAra ghuTAlemeM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| kisI bhI sacce sAdhanavAdIkA mAtra isalie nigraha honA ki 'vaha kucha adhika bola gayA yA kama bola gayA yA usane amuka kAyadekA bAkAyadA pAlana nahIM kiyA' satya, ahiMsA aura nyAyakI dRSTise ucita nahIM hai| ataH vAdI aura prativAdIke lie kramazaH asAdhanAMgavacana aura adoSodbhAvana ye do hI nigrahasthAna' mAnanA cAhiye / vAdIkA kartavya hai ki vaha nirdoSa aura pUrNa sAdhana bole, aura prativAdIkA kArya hai ki vaha yathArtha doSoMkA udbhAvana kare / yadi vAdI saccA sAdhana nahIM bolatA yA jo sAdhanake aMga nahIM hai aise vacana kahatA hai yAnI sAdhanAMgakA avacana yA asAdhanAMgakA vacana karatA hai to usakI asAdhanAMga vacana honese parAjaya hogii| isI taraha prativAdI yadi yathArtha doSoMkA udbhAvana na kara sake yA jo vastutaH doSa nahIM haiM unheM doSakI jagaha bole to doSAnubhAvana aura adoSodbhAvana honese usakI parAjaya avazyaMbhAvI hai| __ isa taraha sAmAnyalakSaNa karanepara bhI dharmakIti phira usI ghapalemeM par3a gaye haiN| 2 unhoMne asAdhanAMga vacana aura adoSodbhAvanake vividha vyAkhyAna karake kahA hai ki anvaya yA vyatireka kisI eka dRSTAntase hI sAdhyakI siddhi jaba saMbhava hai taba donoM dRSTAntoMkA prayoga karanA asAdhanAGgavacana hogaa| trirUpa hetukA vacana sAdhanAMga hai| usakA kathana na karanA asAdhanAMga hai| pratijJA, nigamana Adi sAdhanake aMga nahIM haiM, unakA kathana asAdhanAMga hai| isI taraha unane adoSodbhAvanake bhI vividha vyAkhyAna kiye haiN| yAnI kucha kama bolanA yA adhika bolanA, 1. "asAdhanAGgavacanamadoSodbhAvanaM dvayoH / nigrahasthAnamanyattu na yuktamiti neSyate ||"-vaadnyaay pR0 1 / 2. dekho, vAdanyAya, prathama prakaraNa /

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262 jainadarzana inakI dRSTimeM bhI aparAdha hai| yaha saba likhakara bhI antameM unane sUcita kiyA hai ki svapakSa-siddhi aura parapakSa-nirAkaraNa hI jaya-parAjayakI vyavasthAke AdhAra honA caahiye| ____ AcArya akalaMkadeva asAdhanAMga vacana tathA adoSodbhAvanake jhagar3eko bhI pasanda nahIM karate / 'trirUpako sAdhanAMga mAnA jAya, paMcarUpako nahIM, kisako doSa mAnA jAya, kisako nahIM' yaha nirNaya svayaM eka zAstrArthakA viSaya ho jAtA hai / zAstrArtha jaba bauddha, naiyAyika aura jainoMke bIca calate haiM, jo kramazaH trirUpavAdI, paMcarUpavAdI aura ekarUpavAdI haiM taba haraeka dUsarekI apekSA asAdhanAMgavAdI ho jAtA hai / aisI avasthAmeM zAstrArthake niyama svayaM hI zAstrArthake viSaya bana jAte haiN| ataH unhoMne batAyA ki vAdIkA kAma hai ki vaha avinAbhAvI sAdhanase svapakSakI siddhi kare aura parapakSakA nirAkaraNa kare / prativAdIkA kArya hai ki vaha vAdIke sthApita pakSameM yathArtha dUSaNa de aura apane pakSakI siddhi bhI kare / isa taraha svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSakA nirAkaraNa hI binA kisI lAgalapeTake jaya aura parAjayake AdhAra hone cAhiye / isImeM satya, ahiMsA aura nyAyako surakSA hai / svapakSakI siddhi karanevAlA yadi kucha adhika bhI bola jAya to bhI koI hAni nahIM hai / "svapakSaM prasAdhya nRtyato'pi doSAbhAvAt, lokavat' arthAt apane pakSako siddha karake yadi koI nAcatA bhI hai to bhI koI doSa nahIM hai| prativAdI yadi sIdhe 2viruddha hetvAbhAsakA udbhAvana karatA hai to use svatantra rUpase pakSakI siddhi karanA Avazyaka nahIM hai; kyoMki vAdIke hetuko viruddha kahanese prativAdIkA pakSa svataH siddha ho jAtA hai| asiddhAdi hetvAbhAsoMke udbhAvana karanepara to prativAdIko apane pakSakI siddhi karanA bhI anivArya hai| svapakSakI siddhi nahIM karanevAlA zAstrArtha ke niyamoMke anusAra calanepara bhI kisI bhI hAlatameM jayakA bhAgI nahIM ho sktaa| ____ isakA niSkarSa yaha hai ki naiyAyikake matase chala AdikA prayoga karake apane pakSakI siddhi kiye binA hI sacce sAdhana bolanevAle bhI vAdIko prativAdI jIta sakatA hai| bauddha paramparAmeM chalAdikA prayoga varNya hai, phira bhI yadi vAdI asAdhanAMgavacana aura prativAdI adoSodbhAvana karatA hai to unakA parAjaya hotA 1. "taduktam-svapakSasiddhirekasya nigraho'nyasya vaadinH| nAsAdhanAGgavacanaM nAdoSodbhAbanaM dvayoH ||"-uddhRt aSTasaha0 pR0 87 / 2. "akalaGko'pyabhyadhAt-viruddhaM hetumudbhAvya vAdinaM jayatItaraH / AbhAsAntaramudbhAvya pakSasiddhimapekSate // " -ta0 zlo0 pR0 280 / ratnAkarAvatArikA pR0 1141 /

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pramANamImAMsA 263 hai / vAdIko asAdhanAMgavacanase parAjaya taba hogA jaba prativAdI yaha batA de ki vAdIne asAdhanAMgavacana kiyA hai| isa asAdhanAMgavacanameM jisa viSayako lekara zAstrArtha calA hai, usase asambaddha bAtoMkA kathana aura nATaka Adiko ghoSaNA Adi bhI le liye gaye haiN| eka sthala aisA bhI A sakatA hai, jahA~ duSTasAdhana bolakara bhI vAdI parAjita nahIM hogaa| jaise vAdIne duSTa sAdhanakA prayoga kiyA / prativAdIne yathArtha doSakA udbhAvana na karake anya doSAbhAsoMkA udbhAvana kiyA, phira vAdIne prativAdIke dvArA diye gaye doSAbhAsoMkA parihAra kara diyaa| aisI avasthAmeM prativAdI doSAbhAsakA udbhAvana karaneke kAraNa parAjita ho jAyagA / yadyapi duSTa sAdhana bolanese vAdIko jaya nahIM milegA, kintu vaha parAjita bhI nahIM mAnA jaaygaa| isI taraha eka sthala aisA hai jahA~ vAdI nirdoSa sAdhana bolatA hai, prativAdI kucha aMTasaMTa dUSaNoMko kahakara dUSaNAbhAsakA udbhAvana karatA hai| vAdI prativAdIkI dUSaNAbhAsatA nahIM btaataa| aisI dazAmeM kisIko jaya yA parAjaya na hogii| prathama sthalameM akalaMkadeva svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSanirAkaraNamUlaka jaya aura parAjayakI vyavasthAke AdhArase yaha kahate haiM ki yadi prativAdIko dUSaNAbhAsa kahaneke kAraNa parAjaya milatI hai to vAdIkI bhI sAdhanAbhAsa kahane ke kAraNa parAjaya honI cAhiye, kyoMki yahA~ vAdI svapakSasiddhi nahIM kara sakA hai| akalaMkadevake matase ekakA svapakSa siddha karanA hI dUsareke pakSakI asiddhi hai / ataH jayakA mUla AdhAra svapakSasiddhi hai aura parAjayakA mUla kAraNa pakSakA nirAkRta honA hai| tAtparya yaha ki jaba 'ekake jayameM dUsarekI parAjaya avazyaMbhAvI hai' aisA niyama hai taba svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSa nirAkRti hI jaya-parAjayake AdhAra mAne jAne caahiye| bauddha vacanAdhikya Adiko bhI dUSaNoMmeM zAmila karake ulajha jAte haiM / __ sIdhI bAta hai ki paraspara do virodhI pakSoMko lekara calanevAle vAdameM jo bhI apanA pakSa siddha karegA, vaha jayalAbha karegA aura arthAt hI dUsarekA, pakSakA nirAkaraNa honeke kAraNa parAjaya hogaa| yadi koI bhI apanI pakSasiddhi nahIM kara pAtA hai aura eka-vAdI yA prativAdI vacanAdhikya kara jAtA hai to itane mAtrase usakI parAjaya nahIM honI caahie| yA donoMkI hI parAjaya ho yA donoMko hI jayAbhAva rhe| ataH svapakSasiddhi aura parapakSa-nirAkaraNamUlaka hI jayaparAjayavyavasthA satya aura ahiMsAke AdhArase nyAyya hai| choTe-moTe vacanAdhikya Adike kAraNa nyAyatulAko nahIM Digane denA cAhiye / vAdI sacce sAdhana bolakara apane pakSakI siddhi karaneke bAda vacanAdhikya aura nATakAdikI ghoSaNA bhI kare, to

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264 jainadarzana bhI vaha jayI hI hogaa| isI taraha prativAdI vAdIke pakSameM yathArtha dUSaNa dekara yadi apane pakSa kI siddhi kara letA hai, to vaha bhI vacanAdhikya karaneke kAraNa parAjita nahIM ho sktaa| isa vyavasthAmeM eka sAtha donoMkA jaya yA parAjayakA prasaMga nahIM A sakatA / ekakI svapakSasiddhimeM dUsareke pakSakA nirAkaraNa garbhita hai hI, kyoMki pratipakSakI asiddhi batAye binA svapakSakI siddhi paripUrNa nahIM hotii| ___ pakSake jJAna aura ajJAnase jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA mAnanepara to pakSapratipakSakA parigraha karanA hI vyartha ho jAtA haiM; kyoMki kisI eka hI pakSa meM vAdI aura prativAdIke jJAna aura ajJAnakI jA~ca kI jA sakatI hai / patra-vAkya : likhita zAstrArthameM vAdI aura prativAdI paraspara jina lekha-pratilekhoMkA AdAna-pradAna karate haiM, unheM patra kahate hai| apane pakSako siddhi karanevAle nirdoSa aura gUr3ha pada jisameM hoM, jo prasiddha avayavavAlA ho tathA nirdoSa ho vaha patra' hai / patravAkyameM pratijJA aura hetu ye do avayava hI paryApta haiM, itane mAtrase vyutpannako arthapratIti ho jAtI hai / avyutpanna zrotAoMkI apekSA tIna avayava, cAra avayava aura pA~ca avayavoMvAlA bhI patravAkya ho sakatA hai| patravAkyameM prakRti aura pratyayoMko gupta rakhakara use atyanta gUr3ha banAyA jAtA hai, jisase prativAdI sahaja hI usakA bhedana na kara sake / jaise--'vizvam anekAntAtmakaM prameyatvAt' isa anumAnavAkyake liye yaha gUr3ha patra prastuta kiyA jAtA hai "svAntabhAsitabhUtyAdyayantAtmatadubhAntavAk / parAntadyotitoddIptamitIta svAtmakatvataH // " -prameyaka0 pR0 685 / jaba koI vAdI patra detA hai aura prativAdI usake arthako samajhakara khaNDana karatA hai, usa samaya yadi vAdI yaha kahe ki 'yaha mere patrakA artha nahIM hai'; taba usase pUchanA cAhie ki 'jo Apake manameM hai vaha isakA artha hai ? yA jo isa vAkyarUpa patrase pratIta hotA hai vaha hai, yA jo Apake manameM bhI hai aura vAkyase pratIta bhI hotA hai ?' prathama vikalpameM patrakA denA hI nirarthaka hai; kyoMki jo artha Apake manameM maujUda hai usakA jAnanA hI kaThina hai, yaha patravAkya to usakA prati 1. 'prasiddhAvayavaM sveSTasyArthasya sAdhakam / / sAdhu gUDhapadaprAya patramAhuranAkulam ||'-ptrp0 pR0 1 /

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pramANamImAMsA nidhitva nahIM kara sakatA / dvitIya vikalpa hI ucita mAlUma par3atA hai ki prakRti, pratyaya Adike vibhAgase jo artha usa patravAkyase pratIta hotA ho, usIkA sAdhana aura dUSaNa zAstrArthameM honA cAhiye / isameM prakaraNa Adise jitane bhI artha sambhava hoM ve saba usa patravAkyake artha mAne jAyage / isameM vAdIke dvArA iSTa honekI zarta nahIM lagAI jA sakatI; kyoMki jaba zabda pramANa hai taba usase pratIta honevAle samasta artha svIkAra kiye hI jAne caahiye| tIsare vikalpameM vivAdakA prazna itanA hI raha jAtA hai ki koI artha zabdase pratIta huA aura vahI vAdIke manameM bhI thA, phira bhI yadi durAgrahavaza vAdI yaha kahaneko utArU ho jAya ki 'yaha merA artha hI nahIM hai, to usa samaya koI niyantraNa nahIM rakhA jA skegaa| ataH isakA ekamAtra sIdhA mArga hai ki jo prasiddhike anusAra una zabdoMse pratIta ho, vahI artha mAnA jaay| ___ yadyapi vAkya zrotra-indriyake dvArA sune jAnevAle padoMke samudAya rUpa hote haiM aura patra hotA hai eka kAgajakA likhita Tukar3A, phira bhI use upacaritopacAra vidhise vAkya kahA jA sakatA hai / yAnI kAnase sunAI denevAle padoMkA sAMketika lipike AkAroMmeM upacAra hotA hai aura lipike AkAroMmeM upacarita vAkyakA kAgaja Adi para likhita patrameM upacAra kiyA jAtA hai| athavA patra-vAkyakI 'padoMkA trANa arthAta prativAdIse rakSaNa ho jina vAkyoMke dvArA, use patravAkya kahate haiM' isa vyutpattike anusAra mukhyarUpase kAnase sunAI denevAle vAkyako patravAkya kaha sakate haiN| 5. Agama-zruta : ___ matijJAnake bAda jisa dUsare jJAnakA parokSarUpase varNana milatA hai, vaha hai zrutajJAna / parokSa pramANameM smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka aura anumAna matijJAnakI paryAyeM haiM jo matijJAnAvaraNa karmake kSayopazamase prakaTa hotI haiN| zrutajJAnAvaraNakarmake kSayopazamase jo zruta prakaTa hotA hai, usakA varNana siddhAnta-AgamagranthoMmeM bhagavAn mahAvIrakI pavitra vANIke rUpameM pAyA jAtA hai| tIrthaGkara jisa arthako apanI divya-dhvanise prakAzita karate haiM, usakA dvAdazAMgarUpameM grathana gaNadharoMke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zruta aMgapraviSTa kahA jAtA hai aura jo zruta anya ArAtIya ziSyapraziSyoMke dvArA racA jAtA hai, vaha aMgabAhya zrata hai| aMga-praviSTa zrutake AcArAMga, sUtrakRtAMga, sthAnAMga, samavAyAMga, vyAkhyAprajJapti, jJAtRdharmakathA, upAsakAdhyayana, aMtakRtadaza, anuttaropapAdikadaza, praznavyAkaraNa, vipAkasUtra aura dRSTivAda ye bAraha bheda haiM / aMgabAhya zruta kAlika, utkAlika Adike bhedase aneka

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266 jainadarzana prakArakA hai| yaha varNana AgamikadRSTise hai| jaina paramparAmeM zrutapramANake nAmase inhIM dvAdazAMga aura dvAdazAMgAnusArI anya zAstroMko Agama yA zrutakI maryAdAmeM liyA jAtA hai / isake mUlakartA tIrthaGkara haiM aura uttarakartA unake sAkSAt ziSya gaNadhara tathA uttarottara kartA praziSya Adi AcAryaparamparA hai| isa ghyAkhyAse Agama pramANa yA zruta vaidika paramparAke 'zruti' zabdakI taraha amuka granthoM taka hI sImita raha jAtA hai| parantu parokSa Agama pramANase itanA hI artha iSTa nahIM hai, kintu vyavahArameM bhI avisaMvAdI aura avaMcaka Aptake vacanoMko sunakara jo arthabodha hotA hai, vaha bhI AgamakI maryAdAmeM AtA hai / isalie akalaMkadeva ne AptakA vyApaka artha kiyA hai ki jo jisa viSayameM avisaMvAdaka hai vaha usa viSayameM Apta hai / AptatAke lie tadviSayaka jJAna aura usa viSayameM avisaMvAdakatA yA avaMcakatAkA honA hI mukhya zarta hai / isalie vyavahArameM honevAle zabdajanya arthabodhako bhI eka hadataka AgamapramANameM sthAna mila jAtA hai| jaise koI kalakattekA pratyakSadraSTA yAtrI Akara kalakattekA varNana kare to una zabdoMko sunakara vaktAko pramANa mAnanevAle zrotAko jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai vaha bhI AgamapramANameM zAmila hai| vaizeSika aura bauddha AgamajJAnako bhI anumAnapramANameM antarbhUta karate haiM / parantu zabdazravaNa, saMketasmaraNa Adi sAmagrIse liGgadarzana aura vyAptismaraNake binA hI honevAlA yaha AgamajJAna anumAnameM zAmila nahIM ho sakatA / zruta yA AgamajJAna kevala Aptake zabdoMse hI utpanna nahIM hotA, kintu hAthake izAre smaraNa hI mukhya prayojaka hai| zrutake tIna bheda : akalaMkadevane pramANasaMgrahameM zrutake pratyakSanimittaka, anumAnanimittaka tathA Agamanimittaka ye tIna bheda kiye haiN| paropadezakI sahAyatA lekara pratyakSase utpanna honevAlA zruta pratyakSapUrvaka zruta hai, paropadezasahita liMgase utpanna honevAlA zruta anumAnapUrvaka zruta aura kevala paropadezase utpanna honevAlA zruta Agamanimittaka zruta hai / jainatarkavArtikakAra pratyakSapUrvaka zrutako nahIM mAnakara paropadezaja aura liGganimittaka ye do hI zruta mAnate haiN| tAtparya yaha ki jainaparaMparAne 1. "yo yatrAvisaMvAdakaH sa tatrAptaH, tataH pro'naaptH| tatvapratipAdanamavisaMvAdaH, tadartha jJAnAt / " -aSTaza0, aSTasaha pR0 236 / 2. "zrutamaviplavaM pratyakSAnumAnAgamanimittam |"-prmaannsN0 pR0 1 / 3. jainatarkavArtika pR0 74 /

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pramANamImAMsA 267 AgamapramANameM mukhyatayA tIrthaGkarakI vANIke AdhArase sAkSAt yA paraMparAse nibaddha granthavizeSoMko lekara bhI usake vyAvahArika pakSako nahIM chor3A hai| vyavahAra meM prAmANika vaktAke zabdako sunakara yA hastasaMketa Adiko dekhakara saMketasmaraNase jo bhI jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha Agama pramANameM zAmila hai| AgamavAda aura hetuvAdakA kSetra apanA-apanA nizcita hai-arthAt Agamake bahutase aMza aise ho sakate haiM, jahA~ koI hetu yA yukti nahIM calatI / aise viSayoMmeM yuktisiddha vacanoMkI ekakartRkatAse yuktyasiddha vacanoMkA bhI pramANa mAna liyA jAtA hai| AgamavAda aura hetuvAda : jaina paramparAne vedake apauruSeyatva aura svataH prAmANyako nahIM mAnA hai / usakA kAraNa yaha hai ki koI bhI aisA zabda, jo dharma aura usake niyama-upaniyamoMkA vidhAna karatA ho, vItarAga aura tattvajJa puruSakA AdhAra pAye binA arthabodha nahIM karA sakatA / jinakI zabda-racanAmeM eka sunizcita krama, bhAvapravaNatA aura vizeSa uddezyakI siddhi karanekA prayojana ho, ve veda binA puruSaprayatnake cale Aye, yaha saMbhava nahIM, arthAt apauruSeya nahIM ho sakate / vaise meghagarjana Adi bahutase zabda aise hote haiM jinakA koI vizeSa artha yA uddezya nahIM hotA, ve bhale hI apauruSeya hoM; para unase kisI vizeSa prayojanakI siddhi nahIM ho sktii| vedako apauruSeya mAnanekA mukhya prayojana thA-puruSakI zakti aura tattvajJatApara avizvAsa krnaa| yadi puruSoMkI buddhiko svatantra vicAra karanekI chUTa dI jAtI hai to kisI atIndriya padArthake viSayameM koI eka nizcita mata nahIM bana sakatA thA / dharma ( yajJa Adi ) isa arthameM atIndriya hai ki usake anuSThAna karanese jo saMskAra yA apUrva paidA hotA hai; vaha kabhI bhI indriyoMke dvArA grAhya nahIM hotA, aura na usakA phala svargAdi hI indriyagrAhya hote haiN| isIlie 'paraloka hai yA nahIM' yaha bAta Aja bhI vivAda aura saMdehakI banI huI hai| mImAMsakane mukhyatayA puruSakI dharmajJatAkA hI niSedha kiyA hai| usakA kahanA hai ki dharma aura usake niyama-upaniyamoMko vedake dvArA jAnakara bAkI saMsArake saba padArthoMkA yadi koI sAkSAtkAra karatA hai to hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai| sirpha dharmameM antima pramANa veda hI ho sakatA hai, puruSakA anubhava nhiiN| kisI bhI puruSakA jJAna itanA vizuddha aura vyApaka nahIM ho sakatA ki vaha dharmAdi atIndriya padArthoMkA bhI parijJAna kara sake, aura na puruSameM itanI vItarAgatA A sakatI hai, jisase vaha pUrNa

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jainadarzana niSpakSa rahakara dharmakA pratipAdana kara ske| puruSa prAyaH anRtavAdI hote haiM / unake vacanoMpara pUrA-pUrA bharosA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaidika paramparAmeM hI jina naiyAyika Adine nitya Izvarako vedakA kartA kahA hai usake viSayameM bhI mImAMsakakA kahanA hai ki kisI aise samayakI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sakatI ki jaba veda na rahA ho| IzvarakI sarvajJatA bhI usake vedamaya honeke kAraNa hI siddha hotI hai, svataH nahIM / tAtparya yaha ki jahA~ vaidika paramparAmeM dharmakA antima aura nirbAdha adhikArasUtra vedake hAthameM hai, vahA~ jaina paramparAmeM dharmatIrthakA pravartana tIrthaGkara ( puruSavizeSa ) karate haiN| ve apanI sAdhanAse pUrNa vItarAgatA aura tattvajJatA prAptakara dharma Adi atIndriya padArthoM ke bhI sAkSAtdraSTA ho jAte haiN| unake lokabhASAmeM honevAle upadezoMkA saMgraha aura vibhAjana unake ziSya gaNadhara karate haiN| yaha kArya dvAdazAMga-racanAke nAmase prasiddha hai / vaidika paramparAmeM jahA~ kisI dharmake niyama aura upaniyamameM vivAda upasthita hotA hai to usakA samAdhAna vedake zabdoMmeM DhUMr3hanA par3atA hai jaba ki jaina paramparAmeM aise vivAdake samaya kisI bhI vItarAga tattvajJake vacana nirNAyaka ho sakate haiN| yAnI puruSa itanA vikAsa kara letA hai ki vaha svayaM tIrthaGkara banakara tIrtha ( dharma ) kA pravartana bhI karatA hai| isIlie use 'tIrthaGkarotIti tIrthaGkaraH' tIrthaGkara kahate haiN| vaha kevala tIrthajJa hI nahIM hotaa| isa taraha mUlarUpameM dharmake kartA aura mokSamArgake netA ho dharmatIrthake pravartaka hote haiM / Age unhIM ke vacana 'Agama' kahalAte haiN| ye sarva prathama gaNadharoMke dvArA 'aGgazruta' ke rUpameM grathita hote haiN| inake ziSya-praziSya tathA anya AcArya unhIM Agama-granthoMkA AdhAra lekara jo navIna grantha-racanA karate haiM vaha 'aMgabAhya sAhitya kahalAtA hai| donoMkI pramANatAkA mUla AdhAra puruSakA nirmala jJAna hI hai ! yadyapi Aja vaise nirmala jJAnI sAdhaka nahIM hote, phira bhI jaba ve hue the taba unhoMne sarvajJapraNIta AgamakA AdhAra lekara hI dharmagrantha race the| ___ Aja hamAre sAmane do jJAnakSetra spaSTa khule hue haiM-eka to vaha jJAnakSetra, jisameM hamArA pratyakSa, yukti tathA tarka cala sakate hai aura dUsarA vaha kSetra, jisameM tarka AdikI guJjAiza nahIM hotI, arthAt eka hetuvAda pakSa aura dUsarA AgamavAda pakSa / isa sambandhameM jaina AcAryoMne apanI nIti bahuta vicArake bAda yaha sthira kI hai ki hetuvAdapakSameM hetuse aura AgamavAdapakSameM Agamase vyavasthA karanevAlA svasamayakA prajJApaka-ArAdhaka hotA hai aura anya siddhAntakA virAdhaka hotA hai| jaisA ki AcArya siddhasenakI isa gAthAse spaSTa hai

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pramANamImAMsA 269 "jo heuvAyapakkhamsi heuo Agamammi aagmo| so sasamayapaNNavao siddhaMtavirAhao aNNo // " -sanmati0 3145 / AcArya 'samantabhadrane isa sambandhameM nimnalikhita vicAra prakaTa kiye haiM ki jahA~ vaktA anApta, avizvasanIya, atattvajJa aura kaSAyakaluSa hoM vahA~ hetuse hI tattvakI siddhi karanI cAhie aura jahA~ vaktA Apta-sarvajJa aura vItarAga ho vahA~ usake vacanoMpara vizvAsa karake bhI tattvasiddhi kI jA sakatI hai| pahalA prakAra hetusAdhita kahalAtA hai aura dUsarA prakAra AgamasAdhita / mUlameM puruSake anubhava aura sAkSAtkArakA AdhAra honepara bhI eka bAra kisI puruSavizeSameM AptatAkA nizcaya ho jAnepara usake vAkyapara vizvAsa karake calanekA mArga bhI hai / lekina yaha mArga bIcake samayakA hai| isase puruSakI buddhi aura usake tattvasAkSAtkArako antima pramANatAkA adhikAra nahIM chinatA / jahA~ vaktAkI anAptatA nizcita hai vahA~ usake vacanoMko yA to hama tarka aura hetuse siddha kareMge yA phira AptavaktAke vacanoMko mUla AdhAra mAnakara usase saMgati baiThanepara hI unakI pramANatA maaneNge| isa vivecanase itanA to samajhameM A jAtA hai ki vaktAkI AptatA aura anAptatAkA nizcaya karanekI jimmevArI antataH yukti aura tarkapara hI par3atI hai| eka bAra nizcaya ho jAneke bAda phira pratyeka yukti yA hetu DhaMDho yA na DhUMr3ho, usase kucha banatA-bigar3atA nahIM hai| cAla jIvanake lie yahI mArga prazasta ho sakatA hai / bahuta-sI aisI bAteM haiM, jinameM yukti aura tarka nahIM calatA, una bAtoMko hameM AgamapakSameM DAlakara vaktAke Aptatvake bharose hI calanA hotA hai, aura calate bhI haiN| parantu vaidika paramparAke samAna antima nirNaya akartRka zabdoMke AdhIna nahIM hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki pratyeka jaina AcArya apane nUtana granthake prArambhameM usa granthakI paramparAko sarvajJa taka le jAtA hai aura isa bAtakA vizvAsa dilAtA hai ki usake pratipAdita tattva kapola-kalpita na hokara paramparAse sarvajJapratipAdita hI haiM / ____tarkakI eka sImA to hai hii| para hameM yaha dekhanA hai ki antima adhikAra kisake hAthameM haiM ? kyA manuSya kevala anAdikAlase calI AI akartRka paramparAoMke yantrajAlakA mUka anusaraNa karanevAlA eka jantu hI hai yA svayaM bhI kisI avasthAmeM nirmAtA aura netA ho sakatA hai ? vaidika paramparAmeM isakA uttara 1. "vaktaryanApte yaddhetIH sAdhyaM taddhetusAdhitam / Apte vaktari tadvAkyAt sAdhitamAgamasAdhitam // " -AptamI0 zlo0 78 /

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270 jainadarzana hai 'nahIM ho sakatA', jaba ki jaina paramparA yaha kahato hai ki 'jisa puruSane vItarAgatA aura tattvajJatA prApta kara lI hai use kisI zAstra yA Agamake AdhArakI yA niyantraNakI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| vaha svayaM zAstra banAtA hai, paramparAe~ racatA hai aura satyako yugazarIrameM prakaTa karatA hai| ataH madhyakAlIna vyavasthAke lie Agamika kSetra Avazyaka aura upayogI honepara bhI usakI pratiSThA sArvakAlika aura saba puruSoMke lie eka-sI nahIM hai| ___ eka kalpakAlameM caubIsa tIrthaGkara hote haiM / ve saba akSarazaH eka hI prakArakA u deza dete hoM, aisI adhika sambhAvanA nahIM hai; yadyapi una sabakA tattvasAkSAtkAra aura vItarAgatA eka-jaisI hI hotI hai| hara tIrthaGkarake samaya vibhinna vyaktiyoMkI paristhitiyA~ jude-jude prakArakI hotI haiM, aura vaha una paristhitiyoM meM ulajhe hue bhavya jIvoMko sulaTane aura sulajhanekA mArga batAtA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki vyaktikI mukti aura vizvakI zAntike lie ahiMsA, parigraha, anekAntadRSTi aura vyaktisvAtantryake siddhAnta traikAlika haiN| ina mUla siddhAntoMke sAkSAtkArameM kisI bhI tIrthaGkarako matabheda nahIM huA; kyoMki mUla satya do prakArakA nahIM hotaa| parantu usa mUla satyako jIvanavyavahArameM lAneke prakAra vyakti, samAja, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva AdikI dRSTise ananta prakArake ho sakate haiN| yaha bAta hama sabake anubhavako hai| jo kArya eka samayameM amuka paristhitimeM ekake lie karttavya hotA hai, vahI usI vyaktiko paristhiti badalanepara akharatA hai| ataH karttavyAkarttavya aura dharmAdharmakI mUla AtmA eka honepara bhI usake paristhiti-zarIra aneka hote haiM, para satyAsatyakA nirNaya usa mUla AtmAkI saMgati aura asaMgatise hotA hai / jaina paramparAkI yaha paddhati zraddhA aura tarka donoMko ucita sthAna dekara unakA samanvaya karatI hai| vedApauruSeyatva vicAraH ___hama pahale likha cuke haiM ki mImAMsaka puruSameM pUrNa jJAna aura vItarAgatAkA vikAsa nahIM mAnatA aura dharmapratipAdaka vedavAkyako kisI puruSavizeSakI kRti na mAnakara use apauruSeya yA akartRka mAnatA hai| usa apauruSeyatvakI siddhike lie 'asmaryamANa kartRkatva' hetu diyA jAtA hai| isakA artha hai ki yadi vedakA koI kartA hotA to usakA smaraNa honA cAhiye thA caMki smaraNa nahIM hai, ataH veda anAdi hai aura apauruyeya hai| kintu, kartAkA smaraNa nahIM honA kisIkI anAditA aura nityatAkA pramANa nahIM ho sktaa| nitya vastu akartRka hI hotI hai / kartAkA smaraNa hone aura na honese pauruSeyatA yA apauruSeyatAkA koI sambandha

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pramANamImAMsA 271 nahIM hai| bahutase purAne makAna, kue~, khaMDahara Adi aise upalabdha hote haiM, jinake kartAoM yA banAnevAloMkA smaraNa nahIM hai, phira bhI ve apauruSeya nahIM haiN| apauruSeya honA pramANatAkA sAdhaka bhI nahIM hai| bahutase laukikamlecchAdi dhyavahAra-gAlI-galauja Adi aise cale Ate haiM, jinake kartAkA koI smaraNa nahIM hai, para itane mAtrase ve pramANa nahIM mAne jA sakate / 'vaTe vaTe vaizravaNaH' ityAdi aneka padavAkya paramparAse karttAke smaraNake binA hI cale Ate haiM, para ve pramANakoTimeM zAmila nahIM hai / purANoMmeM vedako brahmAke mukhase nikalA huA batAyA hai| aura yaha bhI likhA hai ki pratimanvatarameM bhinna-bhinna vedoMkA vidhAna hotA hai| "yo vedAMzca prahiNoti' ityAdi vAkya vedake kartAke pratipAdaka haiM hii| jisa taraha yAjJavalkya smRti aura purANa RSiyoMke nAmoMse aMkita honeke kAraNa pauruSeya haiM, usI taraha kANva, mAdhyandina, taittirIya Adi vedako zAkhAe~ bhI RSiyoMke nAmase aMkita pAyI jAtI haiM, ataH unheM anAdi yA apauruSeya kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? vedoMmeM na kevala RSiyoMka hI nAma3 pAye jAte haiM; kintu unameM aneka aitihAsika rAjAoM, nadiyoM aura dezoMke nAmoMkA pAyA jAnA isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki ve una-una paristhitiyoMmeM bane haiM / bauddha vedoMko aSTaka RSikartaka kahate haiM to jaina unheM kAlAsurakartRka batAte haiM / ataH unake kartRvizeSameM to vivAda ho sakatA hai, kintu 've pauruSeya haiM aura unakA koI-na-koI banAnevAlA avazya hai' yaha vivAdakI bAta nahIM hai| ___'vedakA adhyayana sadA vedAdhyayanapUrvaka hI hotA hai, ataH veda anAdi hai' yaha dalIla bhI puSTa nahIM hai; kyoMki 'kaNva Adi RSiyoMne kANvAdi zAkhAoMkI racanA nahIM kI, kintu apane guruse par3hakara hI unane use prakAzita kiyA' yaha siddha karanevAlA koI bhI pramANa nahIM hai| isa taraha to yaha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAbhArata bhI vyAsane svayaM nahIM banAyA; kintu anya mahAbhAratake adhyayanase use prakAzita kiyA hai| 1. pratimanvantaraM caiva zrutiranyA vidhIyate--matsyapu0 145 / 58 : 2. zvetA0 6 / 18 / 3. sajanmamaraNapiMgotracaraNAdinAmazruteH / anekapadasaMhatipratiniyamasandarzanAt / phalArthipuruSapravRttinivRttihetvAtmanAm / zrutezca manusUtratrat puruSakartRkaiva zrutiH ||'-paatrkesritotr zlo0 14 /

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272 jainadarzana isI taraha kAlako henu banAkara vartamAna kAlakI taraha atIta aura anAgata kAlako vedake kartAse zUnya kahanA bahuta vicitra tarka hai / isa taraha to kisI bhI anizcita kartRka vastuko anAdi ananta siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| hama kaha sakate haiM ki mahAbhAratakA banAnevAlA atIta kAlameM nahIM thA, kyoMki vaha kAla hai jaise ki vartamAnakAla / jaba vaidika zabda laukika zabdake samAna hI saMketagrahaNake anusAra arthakA bodha karAte haiM aura binA uccAraNa kiye puruSako sunAI nahIM dete taba aisI kauna-sI vizeSatA hai jisase ki vaidika zabdoMko apauruSeya kahA jAya ? yadi koI eka bhI vyakti atIndriyArthadraSTA nahIM ho sakatA to vedoMkI atIndriyArthapratipAdakatAmeM vizvAsa kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? vaidika zabdoMkI amuka chandoMmeM racanA hai| vaha racanA binA kisI puruSaprayatnake apane Apa kaise ho gaI ? yadyapi meghagarjana Adi anekoM zabda puruSaprayatnake binA prAkRtika saMyoga-viyogoMse hote haiM parantu ve nizcita arthake pratipAdaka nahIM hote aura na unameM susaMgata chandoracanA aura vyavasthitatA hI dekhI jAtI hai| ataH jo manuSyakI racanAke samAna hI eka viziSTa racanAmeM Abaddha hai ve apauruSeya nahIM ho skte| ___ anAdi paramparA rUpa hetuse vedako atIndriyArthapratipAdakatAko siddhi karanA usI taraha kaThina hai jisa taraha gAlI-galauja AdikI prAmANikatA siddha karanA / antataH vedake vyAkhyAnake lie bhI atIndriyArthadarzI hI antima pramANa bana sakatA hai / vivAdakI avasthAmeM 'yaha merA artha hai yaha nahIM' yaha svayaM zabda to boleMge nhiiN| yadi zabda apane arthake mAmale meM svayaM rokanevAlA hotA to vedakI vyAkhyAoMmeM matabheda nahIM honA cAhiye thaa| zabdamAtrako nitya mAnakara vedake nityatvakA samarthana karanA bhI pratItise viruddha hai; kyoMki tAlu Adike vyApArase pudgalaparyAyarUpa zabdakI utpatti hI pramANasiddha hai, abhivyakti nhiiN| saMketake liye zabdako nitya mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki jaise anitya ghaTAdi padArthoMmeM amuka ghar3eke naSTa honepara bhI anya sadRza ghar3oMse sAdRzyamUlaka vyavahAra cala jAtA hai usI taraha jisa zabdameM saMketagrahaNa kiyA hai vaha bhale hI naSTa ho jAya, para usake sadRza anya zabdoMmeM vAcakavyavahArakA honA anubhavasiddha hai| yaha vahI zabda hai, jisameM maiMne saMketa grahaNa kiyA thA' isa prakArakA ekatvapratyabhijJAna bhI bhrAntike kAraNa hI hotA hai; kyoMki jaba hama usa sarIkhe dUsare zabdako sunate haiM, to dIpazikhAkI taraha bhramavaza usameM ekatvakA bhAna ho jAtA hai|

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pramANamImAMsA AjakA vijJAna zabdataraMgoMko usI taraha kSaNika mAnatA hai jisa taraha jaina, bauddhAdidarzana / ataH atIndriya padArthoMmeM vedako antima pramANatA mAnaneke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki usakA Adya pratipAdaka svayaM atIndriyadarzI ho / atIndriyadarzanakI asambhavatA kahakara andhaparamparA calAnese pramANatAkA nirNaya nahIM ho sktaa| jJAnasvabhAvavAlI AtmAkA sampUrNa AvaraNoMke haTa jAnepara pUrNa jJAnI bana jAnA asambhava bAta nahIM hai| zabda vaktAke bhAvoMko DhonevAlA eka mAdhyama hai, jisakI pramANatA aura apramANatA apanI na hokara vaktAke guNa aura doSoMpara Azrita hotI hai| yAnI guNavAn vaktAke dvArA kahA gayA zabda pramANa hotA hai aura doSavAle vaktAke dvArA pratipAdita zabda apramANa / isaliye koI zabdako dhanyavAda yA gAlI nahIM detA, kintu usake bolanevAlA vaktAko / vaktAkA abhAva mAnakara 'doSa nirAzraya nahIM raheMge' isa yuktise vedako nirdoSa kahanA to aisA hI hai jaise megha garjana aura bijalIkI kar3akar3AhaTako nirdoSa batAnA / vaha isa vidhise nirdoSa bana bhI jAya, para meghagarjana AdikI taraha vaha nirarthaka hI siddha hogaa| vaha vidhi-pratiSedha Adi prayojanoMkA sAdhaka nahIM bana skegaa| vyAkaraNAdike abhyAsase laukika zabdoMkI taraha vaidika padoMke arthakI samasyAko hala karanA isalie asaMgata hai ki jaba zabdoMke aneka artha hote haiM taba aniSTa arthakA parihAra karake iSTa arthakA niyamana karanA kaise sambhava hogA ? prakaraNa Adi bhI aneka ho sakate haiN| ataH dharmAdi atIndriya padArthoM ke sAkSAtkAra karanevAleke binA dhArmika niyama-upaniyamoMmeM vedakI nirbAdhatA siddha nahIM ho sktii| jaba eka bAra atIndriyadarzIko svIkAra kara liyA, taba vedako apauruSeya mAnanA nirarthaka hI hai| koI bhI pada aura vAkya yA zloka Adi chanda racanA puruSakI icchA buddhi ke binA sambhava nahIM hai| dhvani apane Apa binA puruSa-prayatnake nikala sakatI hai, para bhASA mAnavakI apanI dena hai, usameM usakA prayatna, vivakSA aura jJAna sabhI kAraNa hote haiM / zabdArtha-pratipatti : svAbhAvika yogyatA aura saMketake kAraNa zabda aura hastasaMjJA Adi vastuko pratipatti karAnevAle hote haiN| jisa prakAra jJAna aura jJeyameM jJApaka aura jJApya zakti svAbhAvika hai usI taraha zabda aura arthameM pratipAdaka aura pratipAdya zakti svAbhAvika hI hai| jaise ki hastasaMjJA AdikA apane abhivyaJjanIya arthake sAtha sambandha anitya hokara bhI iSTa arthakI abhivyakti karA detA hai, usI taraha zabda aura arthakA sambandha anitya hokara bhI arthabodha karA sakatA hai / zabda aura arthakA 18

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274 jainadarzana yaha sambandha mAtA, pitA, guru tathA samAja AdikI paramparA dvArA anAdi kAlase pravAhita hai aura jagatkI samasta vyavahAra-vyavasthAkA mUla kAraNa bana rahA hai| Upara jisa Aptake vacanako zruta yA Agama pramANa kahA hai, usakA vyApaka lakSaNa' to 'avaJcakatva yA avisaMvAditva' hI hai, parantu Agamake prakaraNameM vaha Apta-sarvajJa, vItarAgI aura hitopadezI vivakSita hai| manuSya ajJAna aura rAgadveSake kAraNa mithyA bhASaNameM pravRtta hotA hai / jisa vastukA jJAna na ho, yA jJAna hokara bhI kisIse rAga yA dveSa ho, to hI asatya vacanakA avasara AtA hai| ataH satyavaktA Aptake liye pUrNa jJAnI aura vItarAgI honA to Avazyaka hai hI, sAtha-hI-sAtha use hitopadezI bhI honA cAhiye / hitopadezakI icchAke binA jagatahitameM pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| hitopadezitvake vinA siddha pUrNa jJAnI aura vItarAgI hokara bhI Apta-koTimeM nahIM Ate, ve Aptase Upara haiM / hitopadezitvakI bhAvanA honepara bhI yadi pUrNa jJAna aura vItarAgatA na ho, to anyathA upadezakI sambhAvanA banI rahatI hai| yahI nIti laukika vAkyoMmeM tadviSayaka jJAna aura aura tadviSayaka avaJcakatvameM lAgU hai| zabdako arthavAcakatA : anyApoha zabdakA vAcya nahIM : bauddha arthako zabdakA vAcya nahIM maante| unakA kahanA hai ki zabda arthake pratipAdaka nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki jo zabda arthakI maujUdagImeM unakA kathana karate haiM ve hI atIta-anAgatarUpase avidyamAna padArthoMmeM bhI prayukta hote haiM / ataH unakA arthake sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai, anyathA koI bhI zabda nirarthaka nahIM ho skegaa| svalakSaNa anirdezya hai| artha meM zabda nahIM hai aura na artha zabdAtmaka hI hai, jisase ki arthake pratibhAsita honepara zabdakA bodha ho yA zabdake pratibhAsita honepara arthakA bodha avazya ho / vAsanA aura saMketakI icchAke anusAra zabda anyathA bhI saMketita kiye jAte haiM, isalie unakA arthase koI avinAbhAva nahIM hai / ve kevala 1. 'yo yatrAvisaMvAdakaH sa tatrAptaH, tataH paro'nAptaH / tttvprtipaadnmvisNvaadH|' -aSTaza0 aSTasaha0 pR0 236 / 2. 'rAgAdvA dveSAdvA mohAdvA vAkyamucyate hyanRtam / yasya tu naite doSAstasyAnRtakAraNaM nAsti ||'-aaptsvruup / 3. 'atIyAjAtayorvApi na ca syaadnRtaarthtaa| vAcaH kasyAzcidityeSA bauddhArthaviSayA mataH // ' -pramANavA0 3 / 207 /

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pramANamImAMsA 275 buddhipratibimbita anyApohake vAcaka hote haiN| yadi' zabdoMkA arthase vAstavika sambandha hotA to eka hI vastumeM paraspara virodhI vibhinna zabdoMkI aura una zabdoMke AdhArase race hae vibhinna darzanoMkI sRSTi na huI hotii| 'agni ThaMDI hai yA garama' isakA nirNaya jaise agni svayaM apane svarUpase kara detI hai, usI taraha 'kauna zabda satya hai aura kauna asatya' isakA nirNaya bhI zabdako apane svarUpase hI kara denA cAhiye thA, para vivAda Aja taka maujUda hai / ataH gau Adi zabdoMko sunakara hameM eka sAmAnyakA bodha hotA hai| yaha sAmAnya vAstavika nahIM hai / kintu vibhinna gau vyaktiyoMmeM pAI jAnevAlI agovyAvRttirUpa hai| isa agopohake dvArA 'gau gau' isa sAmAnyavyavahArakI sRSTi hotI hai| aura yaha sAmAnya unhIM vyaktiyoMko pratibhAsita hotA hai, jinane apanI buddhimeM isa prakArake abhedakA bhAna kara liyA hai| aneka gAyoMmeM anusyUta eka, nitya aura niraMza gotva asat hai, kyoMki vibhinna dezavartI vyaktiyoMmeM eka sAtha eka gotvakA pAyA jAnA anubhavase viruddha to hai hI, sAtha-hI-sAtha vyaktike antarAlameM usakI upalabdhi na honese bAdhita bhI hai| jisa prakAra chAtramaNDala chAtravyaktiyoMko chor3akara apanA koI pRthak astitva nahIM rahatA, vaha eka prakArakI kalpanA hai, jo sambandhita vyaktiyoM kI buddhi taka hI sImita hai, usI taraha gotva aura manuSyatvAdi sAmAnya bhI kAlpanika haiM, bAhya sat vastu nhiiN| sabhI gAyeM gauke kAraNoMse utpanna huI haiM aura Age gauke kAryoMko karato haiM, ataH unameM agokAraNavyAvRtti aura agokAryanyAvRtti arthAt atatkAryakAraNavyAvRttise sAmAnyavyavahAra hone lagatA hai| paramArthasat gau vastu kSaNika hai, ataH usameM saMketa bhI grahaNa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jisa gauvyaktimeM saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAyagA, vaha gau vyakti dvitIya kSaNameM jaba naSTa ho jAtI hai, taba vaha saMketa vyartha ho jAtA hai; kyoMki agale kSaNameM jina gauvyaktiyoM aura zabdoMse vyavahAra karanA hai una vyaktiyoMmeM to saMketa hI grahaNa nahIM kiyA gayA hai, ve to asaMketita hI haiN| ataH zabda vaktAkI vivakSA ko sUcita karatA huA, buddhikalpita anyavyAvRtti yA anyApohakA hI vAcaka hotA hai. arthakA nahIM / 1. 'paramArthaMkatAnatve zabdAnAmanivandhanA / na rayAtpravRttirartheSu samayAntarabhedipu ||'-prmaannvaa0 3 / 206 / 2. "vikalpapratibimbeSu tanniSTheSu nibadhyate / tato'nyApohaniSThatvAduktA'nyApohakRcchatiH ||"-prmaannvaa0 2 / 164 /

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jainadarzana 'indriyagrAhya padArtha bhinna hotA hai aura zabdagocara artha bhinna / zabdase andhA bhI arthabodha kara sakatA hai, para vaha arthako pratyakSa nahIM jAna sakatA / dAha zabdake dvArA jisa dAha arthakA bodha hotA hai aura agniko chukara jisa dAhakI pratIti hotI hai, ve donoM dAha jude-jude haiM, ise samajhanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / ataH zabda kevala kalpita sAmAnyakA vAcaka hai| ____ yadi zabda arthakA vAcaka hotA, to zabdabuddhikA pratibhAsa indriyabuddhikI taraha vizada honA cAhie thaa| arthavyaktiyA~ ananta aura kSaNika haiM, isalie jaba unakA grahaNa hI sambhava nahIM hai; taba pahale to unameM saMketa hI gRhIta nahIM ho sakatA, yadi saMketa gRhIta ho bhI jAya, to vyavahArakAla taka usakI anuvRtti nahIM ho sakatI, ataH usase arthabodha honA asambhava hai| koI bhI pratyakSa aisA nahIM hai, jo zabda aura artha donoMko viSaya karatA ho, ataH saMketa honA hI kaThina hai| smaraNa niviSaya aura gRhItagrAhI honese pramANa hI hai / sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka artha vAcya hai : kintu bauddhakI yaha mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai / padArthameM kucha dharma sadRza hote haiM aura kucha visadRza / sadRza dharmoko hI sAmAnya kahate haiN| yaha anekAnugata na hokara pratyeka vyaktiniSTha hai| yadi sAdRzyako vastugata dharma na mAnA jAya, to agonivRtti 'amuka gauvyaktiyoMmeM hI pAyI jAtI hai, azvAdi vyaktiyoMmeM nahIM, yaha niyama kaise kiyA jA sakegA? jisa taraha bhAva-astitva vastukA artha hai, uso taraha abhAva-paranAstitva bhI vastukA hI dharma hai / use tuccha yA niHsvabhAva kahakara ur3AyA nahIM jA sakatA / sAdRzyakA bodha aura vyavahAra hama cAhe agonivRtti Adi niSedhamukhase kareM yA sAsnAdimattva Adi samAnadharmarUpa gotva Adiko dekhakara kareM, para isase usako paramArthasat vastutAmeM koI bAdhA nahIM aatii| jisa taraha pratyakSAdi pramANoMkA viSaya sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArtha hotA hai, usI taraha zabdasaMketa bhI sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArthameM hI kiyA jAtA hai| kevala sAmAnyameM yadi saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAya, to usase vizeSavyaktiyoMmeM pravRtti nahIM ho skegii| 1. 'anyadevendriyagrAhyamanyacchabdasya gocaraH / zabdAt pratyeti bhinnAkSo na tu pratyakSamIkSate // " -uddhRta praza0 vyo0 pR0 584 / -nyAyakumudacandra pR0 553 / 2. "tatra svalakSaNaM tAvanna zabdaiH pratipAdyate / saGkatavyavahArAptakAlavyAptivirodhataH ||-tttvsN0 pR0 207 / yakumudacandra pR0 557 /

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pramANamImAMsA 277 ananta vizeSavyaktiyA~ tattatrUpameM hama logoMke jJAnakA jaba viSaya hI nahIM bana sakatIM, taba unameM saMketa grahaNakI bAta to atyanta asambhava hai| sadRza dharmoMkI apekSA zabdakA arthameM saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jisa zabdavyakti aura arthavyaktimeM saMketa grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai, bhale hI ve vyavahArakAla taka na jA~ya, para tatsadRza dUsare zabdase tatsadRza dUsare arthakI pratIti honemeM kyA bAdhA hai ? eka ghaTazabdakA eka ghaTapadArthameM saMketa grahaNa karanepara bhI tatsadRza yAvat ghaToMmeM tatsadRza yAvat ghaTazabdoMkI pravRtti hotI hI hai| saMketa grahaNa karane ke bAda zabdArthakA smaraNa karake vyavahAra kiyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra pratyakSabuddhi atIta arthako jAnakara bhI pramANa hai, usI taraha smRti bhI pramANa hI hai, na kevala pramANa hI, kintu saviSayaka bhI hai| jaba avisaMvAdaprayukta pramANatA smRtimeM hai taba zabda sunakara tadvAcya arthakA smaraNa karake tathA arthako dekhakara tadvAcaka zabdakA smaraNa karake vyavahAra acchI taraha calAyA jA sakatA hai / eka sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka arthako viSaya karane para bhI indriyajJAna spaSTa aura zabdajJAna aspaSTa hotA hai| jaise ki eka hI vRkSako viSaya karanevAle dUravartI aura samIpavartI puruSoMke jJAna aspaSTa aura spaSTa hote haiM / ' spaSTatA aura aspaSTatA viSayabhedake kAraNa nahIM Ato, kintu AvaraNake kSayopazamase AtI hai| phira zabdase honevAlA arthakA bodha mAnasa hai aura indriyase honevAlA padArthakA jJAna aindriyaka hai| jisa taraha avinAbhAvasambandhase arthakA bodha karanevAlA anumAna aspaSTa hokara bhI avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hai, usI taraha vAcyavAcakasambandhake balapara arthabodha karAnevAlA zabdajJAna bhI avisaMvAdI honese pramANa hI honA caahiye| hA~, jisa zabdameM visaMvAda yA saMzayAdi pAye jA~ya, vaha anumAnAbhAsa aura pratyakSAbhAsakI taraha zabdAbhAsa ho sakatA hai, para itane mAtrase sabhI zabdajJAnoMko apramANakoTimeM nahIM DAlA jA sktaa| kucha zabdoMko arthavyabhicArI dekhakara sabhI zabdoMko apramANa nahIM ThaharAyA jA sktaa| ___ yadi zabda bAhyArthameM pramANa na ho, to kSaNikatva Adike pratipAdaka zabda bhI pramANa nahIM ho skeNge| aura taba bauddha svayaM adRSTa nadI, deza aura parvatAdikA jJAna zabdoMse kaise kara sakeMge ?3 yadi hetuvAdarUpa (parArthAnumAna ) zabdake dvArA arthakA nizcaya na ho; to sAdhana aura sAdhanAbhAsakI vyavasthA kaisI hogI? isI 1. dekho, nyAyakumudacandra pR0 565 / 2. laghIya0 zlo0 27 / 3. laghIya0 zlo0 26 /

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278 jainadarzana taraha Aptake vacanake dvArA' yadi arthakA bodha na ho; to Apta aura anAptakA bheda kaise siddha hogA ? yadi puruSoMke abhiprAyoMmeM vicitratA honeke kAraNa sabhI zabda arthavyabhicArI karAra diye jAya~, to sugatake sarvazAstRtvameM kaise vizvAsa kiyA jA sakegA ? yadi arthavyabhicAra honeke kAraNa zabda arthameM pramANa nahIM haiM; to anya zabdakI vivakSAmeM anya zabdakA prayoga dekhA jAnese jaba vivakSAvyabhicAra bhI hotA hai, to use vivakSAmeM bhI pramANa kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? jisa taraha suvivecita vyApya aura kArya apane vyApaka aura kAraNakA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakate, usI taraha suvivecita zabda bhI arthakA vyabhicArI nahIM ho sktaa| phira zabdakA vivakSAke sAtha koI avinAbhAva bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki zabda varNa yA pada kahIM avAMchita arthako bhI kahate haiM aura kahIM vAJchitako bhI nahIM kahate / / yadi zabda vivakSAmAtrake vAcaka hoM, to zabdoMmeM satyatva aura mithyAtvakI vyavasthA na ho skegii| kyoMki donoM hI prakArake zabda apanI-apanI vivakSAkA anumAna to karAte hI haiN| zabdameM satya aura asatya vyavasthAkA mUla AdhAra arthaprApti aura aprApti hI bana sakatA hai| jisa zabdakA artha prApta ho vaha satya aura jisakA artha prApta na ho vaha mithyA hotA hai| jina zabdoMkA bAhya artha prApta nahIM hotA unheM hI hama visaMvAdI kahakara mithyA ThaharAte haiN| pratyeka darzanakAra apane dvArA pratipAdita zabdoMkA vastusambandha hI to batAnekA prayAsa karatA hai| vaha usakI kAlpanikatAkA parihAra bhI joroMse karatA hai| avisaMvAdakA AdhAra arthaprAptiko chor3akara dUsarA koI bana hI nahIM sktaa| agonivRttirUpa sAmAnyameM jisa gaukI Apa nivRtti karanA cAhate haiM usa gaukA nirvacana karanA hI kaThina hai| svalakSaNabhUta gaukI nivRtti to isaliye nahIM kara sakate ki vaha zabdake agocara hai| yadi agonivRttike peTameM par3I huI gauko bhI agonivRttirUpa hI kahA jAtA hai, to anavasthAse piMDa nahIM chuutttaa| vyavahArI sIdhe gauzabdako sunakara gau arthakA jJAna karate haiM, ve anya agau AdikA niSedha karake gau taka nahIM phuNcte| gAyoMmeM hI 'agonivRtti pAyI jAtI hai|' isakA artha hI hai ki una sabameM yaha eka samAna dharma hai| 'zabdakA arthake sAtha sambandha mAnanepara arthake dekhanepara zabda bhI sunAI denA cAhie' yaha Apatti atyanta ajJAna1. 'AptokteheMtuvAdAcca bahirAvinizcaye / satyetaravyavasthA kA sAdhanetaratA kutaH ||'-lghii0 kA0 28 / 2. laghIya0 zlo0 26 / 3. laghIya0 zlo0 64, 65 /

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pramANamImAMsA 279 pUrNa hai; kyoMki vastumeM ananta dharma hai, unameMse koI hI dharma kisI jJAnake viSaya hote haiM; saba sabake nhiiN| jinakI jaba jaisI indriyAdisAmagrI aura yogyatA hotI hai vaha dharma usa jJAnakA spaSTa yA aspaSTarUpameM viSaya banatA hai| ____ yadi gauzabdake dvArA agonivRtti mukhyarUpase kahI jAtI hai; to gau zabdake sunate hI sabase pahale 'agau' aisA jJAna zrotAko honA cAhiye, para yaha dekhA nahIM jaataa| Apa gozabdase azvAdikI nivRtti karate haiM; to azvAdinivRttirUpa kauna-sA padArtha zabdakA vAcya hogA? asAdhAraNa gosvalakSaNa lo ho nahIM sakatA; kyoMki vaha samasta zabda aura vikalpoke agocara hai| zAvaleyAdi vyaktivizeSako kaha nahIM sakate; kyoMki yadi go-zabda zAvaleyAdikA vAcaka hotA hai to vaha sAmAnyazabda nahIM raha sktaa| isalie samasta sajAtIya zAvaleyAdivyaktiyoMmeM pratyekameM jo sAdRzya rahatA hai, tannimittaka hI gaubuddhi hotI hai aura vahI sAdRzya sAmAnya / Apake matase jo vibhinna sAmAnyavAcI gau, azva Adi zabda haiM ve saba mAtra nivRttike vAcaka honese paryAyavAcI ho jAyage, kyoMki vAcyabhUta apohake nIrUpa ( tuccha ) honese usameM koI bheda zeSa nahIM rhtaa| ekatva, nAnAtva aura saMsRSTatva Adi dharma vastumeM hI pratIta hote haiN| yadi apohameM bheda mAnA jAtA hai to vaha bhI vastu hI ho jaaygaa| 2apohya (jinakA apoha kiyA jAtA hai) nAmaka sambandhiyoMke bhedase apohameM bheda DAlanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki aisI dazAmeM prameya, abhidheya aura jJeya Adi zabdoMkI pravRtti nahIM ho sakegI, kyoMki saMsArameM aprameya, anabhidheya aura ajJeya Adi kI sattA hI nahIM hai / yadi zAvaleyAdi gauvyaktiyoMmeM paraspara sAdRzya na hone para bhI unameM eka agopohakI kalpanA kI jAtI hai to gau aura azvameM bhI eka apohakI kalpanA ho jAnI cAhiye; kyoMki zAvaleya-gau vyakti bAhuleyagauvyaktise jaba utanI hI bhinna hai, jitanI ki azvavyaktise to paraspara unameM koI vizeSatA nahIM rhtii| apohapakSameM itaretarAzraya doSa bhI AtA hai-agaukA vyavaccheda karake gaukI pratipatti hotI hai aura gaukA vyavaccheda karake agaukA jJAna hotA hai| ____ apohapakSameM vizeSaNavizeSya-bhAvakA bananA bhI kaThina hai; kyoMki jaba 'nIlam utpalam' yahA~ 'anIlavyAvRttise viziSTa anutpalavyAvRtti' yaha artha phalita hotA hai 1. dekho, prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR0 433 / 2. prameyakamalamArtaNDa pR0 434 /

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280 jainadarzana taba eka vyAvRttikA dUsarI vyAvRttise viziSTa honekA koI matalaba hI nahIM nikltaa| yadi vizeSaNavizeSyabhAvake samarthanake liye anIlavyAvRtta nIla vastu aura anutpalavyAvRtta utpala vastu 'nIlamutpalam' isa padakA vAcya kahI jAtI hai; to apohakI vAcyatA svayaM khaNDita ho jAtI hai aura jisa vastuko Apa zabdake agocara kahate the, vahI vastu zabdakA vAcya siddha ho jAtI hai / ___ yadi gauzabdake dvArA agaukA apoha kiyA jAtA hai, to agauzabdakA vAcya bhI to eka apoha ( go-apoha ) ho hogaa| yAnI jisakA apoha ( vyavaccheda ) kiyA jAtA hai, vaha svayaM jaba apoharUpa hai, to usa vyavacchedya apohako vasturUpa mAnanA par3egA; kyoMki pratiSedha vastukA hotA hai| yadi apohakA pratiSedha kiyA jAtA hai to apohako svayaM vastu hI mAnanA hogaa| isalie azvAdimeM gau AdikA jo apoha hotA hai vaha sAmAnyabhUta vastu kA hI kahanA caahiye| isa taraha bhI zabda kA vAcya vastu hI siddha hotI hai| kiJca' 'apoha' isa zabdakA vAcya kyA hogA ? yadi 'anapohavyAvRtti; to 'anapohavyAvRttikA vAcya koI anya vyAvRtti hogI, isa taraha anavasthA AtI hai / ataH yadi apohazabdakA vAcya 'apoha' vidhirUpa mAnA jAtA hai; to anya zabdoMkA bhI vidhirUpa vAcya mAnanemeM kyA Apatti hai ? cU~ki pratiniyata zabdoMse pratiniyata arthoM meM prANiyoMkI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai, isalie zAbdapratyayoMkA viSaya paramArtha vastu hI mAnanA caahiye| raha jAtI hai saMketakI bAta; so sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArthameM saMketa kiyA jA sakatA hai| aisA artha vAstavika hai, aura saMketa tathA vyavahArakAla taka dravyadRSTise rahatA bhI hai| samasta vyaktiyA~ samAnaparyAyarUpa sAmAnyakI apekSA tarkapramANake dvArA usI prakAra saMketake viSaya bhI bana jAya~gI jisa prakAra ki agni aura dhUmako vyAptike grahaNa karaneke samaya agnitvena samasta agniyA~ aura dhUmatvena samasta dhUma vyAptike viSaya ho jAte haiM / yaha AzaMkA bhI ucita nahIM ki 'zabdake dvArA yadi arthakA bodha ho jAtA hai, to cakSurAdi indriyoMkI kalpanA vyartha hai;' kyoMki zabdase arthakI aspaSTa rUpameM pratIti hotI hai| ataH usakI spaSTa pratItike lie anya indriyoMkI sArthakatA hai / yaha dUSaNa bhI ThIka nahIM hai ki 'jaise agnike chUnese pholA par3atA hai aura duHkha hotA hai, usI taraha dAha zabdake sunanese bhI honA cAhiye' kyoMki pholA par3anA yA duHkha honA agnijJAnakA kArya nahIM hai; kintu agni aura dehake sambandhakA kArya hai / suSupta yA mUcchita avasthAmeM jJAnake na honepara bhI agnipara hAtha par3a jAnese pholA par3a jAtA hai aura dUrase cakSu indriyake dvArA agniko dekhane para bhI pholA

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pramANamImAMsA 281 nahIM par3atA hai| ataH sAmagrIbhedase eka hI padArthameM spaSTa-aspaSTa Adi nAnA pratibhAsa hote haiN| yadi zabdakA vAcya vastu na ho, to zabdoMmeM satyatva aura asatyatva vyavasthA nahIM kI jA sktii| aisI dazAmeM 'sarvaM kSaNika sattvAt' ityAdi Apake vAkya bhI usI taraha mithyA hoMge jisa prakAra ki 'sarvaM nityam' ityAdi virodhI vAkya / samasta zabdoMko vivakSAkA sUcaka mAnane para bhI yahI duSaNa anivArya hai| yadi zabdase mAtra vivakSAkA jJAna hotA hai to usase bAhya arthako pratipatti, pravRtti aura prApti honI cAhiye / ataH vyavahArasiddhike liye zabdakA vAcya vastubhUta sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArtha hI mAnanA caahiye| zabdoMmeM satyAsatya vyavasthA bhI arthakI prApti aura aprApti ke nimittase hI svIkAra kI jAtI hai| jo zabda arthavyabhicArI haiM ve khuzIse zabdAbhAsa siddha hoM, para itane mAtrase sabhI zabdoMkA sambandha arthase nahIM tor3A jA sakatA aura na unheM apramANa hI kahA jA sakatA hai| yaha ThIka hI hai ki zabdakI pravRtti buddhigata saMketake anusAra hotI hai| jisa arthameM jisa zabdakA jisa rUpase saMketa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha zabda usa arthakA usa rUpase vAcaka hai aura vaha artha vAcya / yadi vastu sarvathA avAcya hai; to vaha 'vastu' 'avAcya' Adi zabdoMke dvArA bhI nahIM kahI jA sakegI aura isa taraha jagatase samasta zabdavyavahArakA uccheda hI ho jaaygaa| hama sabhI zabdoMko arthAvinAbhAvI nahIM kahate, kintu 'jinake vaktA Apta haiM ve zabda kabhI bhI arthaka vyabhicArI nahIM ho sakate' hamArA itanA hI abhiprAya hai / prAkRtaapabhraMza zabdoMkI arthavAcakatA (pUrvapakSa) : isa taraha 'zabda arthake vAcaka haiM' yaha sAmAnyataH siddha honepara bhI mImAMsaka aura vaiyAkaraNoMkA yaha Agraha hai ki sabhI zabdoMmeM vAcakazakti nahIM hai, kintu saMskRta zabda hI sAdhu haiM aura unhIMmeM vAcakazakti hai| prAkRta, apabhraMza Adi zabda asAdhu haiM, unameM artha pratipAdanakI zakti nahIM hai| jahA~-kahIM prAkRta yA apabhraMza zabdoMke dvArA arthapratIti dekhI jAtI hai, vahA~ vaha zaktibhramase hI hotI hai, yA una prAkRtAdi asAdhu zabdoMko sunakara prathama hI saMskRta-sAdhu zabdoMkA smaraNa AtA hai aura phira unase artha bodha hotA hai| 1. "gavAdaya eva sAdhabo na gAvyAdayaH iti saadhutvruupniymH|" -zAstradI0 113 / 27 / 2. 'na cApabhraMzAnAmavAcakatayA kathamarthAvabodha iti vAcyam , zaktibhramavatAM bAdhakAbhAvAt / vizeSadarzinastu dvividhAH-tattadvAcakasaMskRtavizeSazAnavantaH tadvi kalAzca / tatra AdyAnAM sAdhusmaraNadvArA arthbodhH|'-shbdkau0 pR0 32 /

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282 jainadarzana __isa taraha zabdarAzike eka bar3e bhAgako vAcakazaktise zUnya kahanevAle isa matameM eka vicitra sAmpradAyika bhAvanA kArya kara rahI hai| ye saMskRta zabdoMko sAdhu kahakara' aura inameM hI vAcakazakti mAnakara hI cupa nahIM ho jAte, kintu sAdhuzabdake uccAraNako2 dharma aura puNya mAnate haiM aura use hI kartavya-vidhimeM zAmila karate haiM tathA asAdhu apabhraMza-zabdoMke uccAraNako zaktizUnya hI nahIM, pApakA kAraNa bhI kahate haiN| isakA mUla kAraNa hai saMskRtameM race gaye vedako dharmya aura pramANa mAnanA tathA prAkRta, pAlI Adi bhASAomeM race gaye jaina, bauddha Adi AgamoMko adharmya aura apramANa ghoSita krnaa| strI aura zUdroMko dharmake adhikAroMse vaMcita karaneke abhiprAyase unake liye saMskRta-zabdoMkA uccAraNa hI niSiddha kara diyA gyaa| nATakoMmeM strI aura zUdra pAtroMke mukhase prAkRtakA hI uccAraNa karAyA gayA hai| 'brAhmaNa ko sAdhu zabda bolanA cAhiye, apabhraMza yA mleccha zabdoMkA vyavahAra nahIM karanA cAhie' Adi vidhivAkyoMkI sRSTikA eka hI abhiprAya hai ki dharmameM veda aura vedopajIvI vargakA abAdha adhikAra kAyama rahe / adhikAra hathayAnekI isa bhAvanAne vastu ke svarUpameM hI viparyAsa utpanna kara denekA cakra calAyA aura ekamAtra saMketake balapara arthabodha karanevAle zabdoMmeM bhI jAtibheda utpanna kara diyA gyaa| itanA hI nahIM 'asAdhu duSTa zabdoMkA uccAraNa vajra banakara indrakI taraha jihvAko cheda degA' yaha bhaya bhI dikhaayaa| gyaa| tAtparya yaha ki vargabhedake vizeSAdhikAroMkA kucakra bhASAke kSetrameM bhI abAdha gatise claa| vAkyapadIya ( 1-27 ) meM ziSTa puruSoMke dvArA jina zabdoMkA uccAraNa huA hai aise Agamasiddha zabdoMko sAdhu aura dharmakA sAdhana mAnA hai| yadyapi apabhraMza Adi zabdoMke dvArA arthapratIti hotI hai, cUMki unakA prayoga ziSTa-jana AgamoMmeM nahIM karate haiM, isalie ve asAdhu haiM / 1. 'itthaM ca saMskRta eva zaktisiddhau zakyasambandharUpavRtterapi tatraiva bhAvAttattvaM sAdhutvam / ' -vaiyAkaraNabhU0 pR0 246 / 2. 'ziSTebhya AgamAt siddhAH sAdhavo dharmasAdhanam / ' -vAkyapa0 / 27 / mahA0 paspazA0 / 4. 'sa vAgvajro yajamAnaM hinasti yathendrazatruH svarato'parAdhAt / ' -pAta0 mahA0 pspshaa0|

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pramANamImAMsA 283 tantravArtika ( pR0 278 ) AdimeM bhI vyAkaraNasiddha zabdoMko sAdhu aura vAcakazaktiyukta kahA hai aura sAdhutvakA AdhAra vRttimattva (saMketase arthabodha karanA) ko na mAnakara vyAkaraNaniSpannatvako hI arthabodha aura sAdhutvakA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isa taraha jaba arthabodhaka zakti saMskRta-zabdoMmeM hI mAnI gaI, taba yaha prazna svAbhAvika thA ki 'prAkRta aura apabhraMza Adi zabdoMse jo arthabodha hotA hai vaha kaise ?' isakA samAdhAna drAvir3I prANAyAmake DhaMgase kiyA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki 'prAkRta Adi zabdoMko sunakara pahale saMskRta zabdoMkA smaraNa hotA hai aura pIche unase arthabodha hotA hai| jina logoMko saMskRta zabda jJAta nahIM hai, unheM prakaraNa, arthAdhyAhAra Adike dvArA lakSaNAse arthabodha hotA hai| jaise ki bAlaka 'ammA ammA' Adi rUpase aspaSTa uccAraNa karatA hai, para sunanevAloMko tadvAcaka mUla 'amba' zabdakA smaraNa hokara hI artha pratIti hotI hai, usI taraha prAkRta Adi zabdoMse bhI saMskRta zabdoMkA smaraNa karake hI arthabodha hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki kahIMpara sAdhu zabdoMke smaraNake dvArA, kahIM vAcakazaktike bhramase, kahIM prakaraNa aura avinAbhAvI arthakA jJAna Adi nimittase honevAlI lakSaNAse arthabodhakA nirvAha ho jAtA hai| isa taraha eka vicitra sAmpradAyika bhAvanAke vaza hokara zabdoMmeM sAdhutva aura asAdhutvakI jAti kAyama kI gaI hai ! uttara pakSa: 'kintu jaba anvaya laura vyatireka dvArA saMskRta zabdoMkI taraha prAkRta aura aura apabhraMza zabdoMse svatantrabhAvase arthapratIti aura lokavyavahAra dekhA jAtA hai, taba kevala saMskRta zabdoMko sAdhu aura vAcakazaktivAlA batAnA pakSamohakA hI pariNAma hai / jina logoMne saMskRta zabdoMko svapnameM bhI nahIM sunA hai, ve nirbAdha rUpase prAkRta Adi bhASA-zabdoMse hI sIdhA vyavahAra karate haiM / ataH unameM vAcakazakti svasiddha hI mAnanI caahiye| jinakI vAcakazaktikA unheM bhAna hI nahIM hai una zabdoMkA smaraNa mAnakara arthabodhakI bAta karanA vyavahAraviruddha to hai hI, kalpanAsaMgata bhI nahIM hai| pramAda aura azaktise prAkRta zabdoMkA uccAraNa una logoMkA to mAnA jA sakatA hai jo saMskRta zabdoMko dharma mAnate haiM, para jina asaMkhya vyavahArI logoMkI bhASA hI prAkRta aura apabhraMzarUpa lokabhASA hai aura yAvajjIvana ve usIse apanI lokayAtrA calAte haiM, unake lie pramAda aura azaktise 1. dekho, nyAyakumudacandra pR0 762 / 2. 'mlecchAdInAM sAdhuzabdaparizAnAbhAvAt kathaM tadviSayA smRtiH ? tadabhAve na go'rtha pratipatti syAt |'-tttvop0 pR0 124 /

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284 jainadarzana bhASAvyavahArako kalpanA anubhavaviruddha hai| balki' kahI-kahIM to jaba bAlakoMko saMskRta par3hAI jAtI hai taba 'vRkSa, agni' Adi saMskRta zabdoMkA arthabodha, 'rUkha' 'AgI' Adi apabhraMza zabdoMse hI karAyA jAtA hai / anAdiprayoga, viziSTapuruSapraNItatA, bAdhArahitatA, viziSTArthavAcakatA aura pramANAntarasaMvAda Adi dharma saMskRtakI taraha prAkRtAdi zabdoMmeM bhI pAye jAte haiN| yadi saMskRta zabdake uccAraNase hI dharma hotA ho; to anya vrata, upavAsa Adi dharmAnuSThAna vyartha ho jAte haiM / 'prAkRta' zabda svayaM apanI svAbhAvikatA aura sarvavyavahAra-mUlakatAko kaha rahA hai / saMskRtakA artha hai saMskAra kiyA huA aura prAkRtakA artha hai svAbhAvika / kisI vidyamAna vastumeM koI vizeSatA lAnA hI saMskAra kahalAtA hai aura vaha isa arthameM kRtrima hI hai| __ "prakRtiH saMskRtam, tatra bhavaM tata AgataM prAkRtam" prAkRtakI yaha 2vyutpatti vyAkaraNako dRSTise hai| pahale saMskRtake vyAkaraNa bane haiM aura pIche prAkRtake vyAkaraNa / ataH vyAkaraNa-racanAmeM saMskRta-zabdoMko prakRti mAnakara, varNavikAra varNAgama Adise prAkRta aura apabhraMzake vyAkaraNakI racanAe~ huI haiN| kintu prayogakI dRSTise to prAkRta zabda hI svAbhAvika aura janmasiddha haiN| jaise ki meghakA jala svabhAvataH ekarUpa hokara bhI nIma, gannA Adi vizeSa AdhAroMmeM saMskArako pAkara anekarUpameM pariNata ho jAtA hai, usI taraha svAbhAvika sabakI bolI prAkRta bhASA pANini Adike vyAkaraNoMse saMskArako pAkara uttarakAlameM saMskRta Adi nAmoMko pA letI hai| para itane mAtrase vaha apane mUlabhUta prAkRta zabdoMkI arthabodhaka zaktiko nahIM chIna sktii| 1. 'viparyayadarzanAcca...".-vAdanyAyaTI0 pR0 105 / 2. dekho, hema0 pra0, prAkRtasarva0, prAkRtaca0, vAgbhaTA0 TI0 2 / 2 / nATyazA0 1712 / tri0 prA0 pR0 1 / prAkRtasaM0 / 3. 'prAkRteti--sakalajagajjantUnAM vyAkaraNAdibhiranAhitasaMskAraH sahajo vacanavyavahAraH prakRtiH, tatra bhavaM saiva vA prAkRtam / 'ArisavayaNasiddhadevANaM addhamaggahA vANI ityAdivacanAdvA prAk pUrva kRtaM prAk kRtam , bAlamahilAdisakalabhASAnibandhanabhUtaM vacanamucyate meghanirmuktajalamivaikasvarUpaM tadeva ca dezavizeSAt saMskArakaraNAcca samAsAditavizeSaM sat saMskRtAdhuttaravimedAnApnoti / ata eva zAstrakRtA prAkRtamAdau nirdiSTaM tadanu saMskRtAdIni / pANinyAdivyAkaraNoditazabdalakSaNena saMskaraNAt sNskRtmucyte|' -kAvyA0 rudra0 nami0 2 / 22 /

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pramANamImAMsA 285 ___ arthabodhake lie saMketa hI mukhya AdhAra hai| 'jisa zabdakA, jisa arthameM, jina logoMne saMketa grahaNa kara liyA hai, una zabdoMse una logoMko usa arthakA bodha ho jAtA hai' yaha eka sAdhAraNa niyama hai| yadi aisA na hotA to saMsArameM dezabhedase saikar3oM prakArakI bhASAe~ na bntiiN| eka hI pustakarUpa arthakA 'grantha, kitAba, pothI' Adi aneka dezIya zabdoMke vAcakavyavahArameM jaba koI bAdhA yA asaMgati nahIM AI, taba kevala saMskRta-zabdameM hI vAcakazakti mAnanekA durAgraha aura usIke uccAraNase dharma mAnanekI kalpanA tathA strI aura zUdroMko saMskRta zabdoMke uccAraNakA niSedha Adi varga-svArthakI bhISaNa pravRttike hI duSpariNAma haiN| dharma aura adharmake sAdhana kisI jAti aura vargake lie jude nahIM hote| jo brAhmaNa yajJa Adike samaya saMskRta zabdoMkA uccAraNa karate haiM, ve hI vyavahArakAlameM prAkRta aura apabhraMza zabdoMse hI apanA samasta jIvana-vyavahAra calAte haiM / balki hisAba lagAyA jAya to caubIsa ghaMToMmeM saMskRta zabdoMkA vyavahAra pA~ca pratizatase adhika nahIM hotA hogaa| vyAkaraNake bandhanoMmeM bhASAko bA~dhakara use pariSkRta aura saMskRta banAnemeM hameM koI Apatti nahIM hai| aura isa taraha vaha kucha viziSTa vAga-vilAsiyoMkI jJAna aura vinodakI sAmagrI bhale hI ho jAya, para isase zabdoMkI sarvasAdhAraNa vAcakazaktirUpa sampattipara ekAdhikAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 'saMketake anusAra saMskRta bhI apane kSetrameM vAcakazaktikI adhikAriNI ho, aura zeSa bhASAe~ bhI apane-apane kSetrameM saMketAdhIna vAcakazaktikI samAna adhikAriNI raheM yahI eka tarkasaMgata aura vyavahArI mArga hai| zabdakI sAdhutAkA niyAmaka hai 'avitatha-satya arthakA bodhaka honA' na ki usakA saMskRta honaa| jisa prakAra saMskRta zabda yadi avitatha-satya arthakA bodhaka honese sAdhu ho sakatA hai, to usI taraha prAkRta aura apabhraMza bhASAe~ bhI satyArthakA pratipAdana karanese sAdhu bana sakatI haiM / jaina paramparA janmagata jAtibheda aura tanmUlaka vizeSa adhikAroMko svIkAra nahIM krtii| isIlie vaha vastuvicArake samaya ina vargasvArtha aura pakSamohake raMgIna cazmoMko dRSTipara nahIM car3hane detI aura isIlie anya kSetroMkI taraha bhASAke kSetrameM bhI usane apanI nirmala dRSTise anubhavamUlaka satya-paddhatiko hI apanAyA hai| zabdoccAraNake lie jihvA, tAlu aura kaMTha AdikI zakti aura pUrNatA apekSita hotI hai aura sunaneke lie zrotra-indriyakA paripUrNa honaa| ye donoM indriyA~ jisa vyaktike bhI hoMgI, vaha binA kisI jAtibhedake sabhI zabdoMkA

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286 jainadarzana uccAraNa kara sakatA hai aura suna sakatA hai aura jinheM jina-jina zabdoMkA saMketa gRhIta hai unheM una-una zabdoMko sunakara arthabodha bhI barAbara hotA hai / 'strI aura zUdra saMskRta na par3heM tathA dvija hI par3heM' isa prakArake vidhi-niSedha kevala vargasvArthakI bhittipara AdhArita haiM ! vastusvarUpake vicArameM inakA koI upayoga nahIM hai, balki ye vastusvarUpako vikRta hI kara dete haiN| upasaMhAra : isa taraha parokSa-pramANake smRti, pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama ye pA~ca bheda hote haiM / inameM 'avizada jJAna' yaha sAmAnya lakSaNa samAnarUpase pAyA jAtA hai / ataH eka lakSaNase lakSita honeke kAraNa ye saba parokSapramANameM antarbhata haiM; bhale hI inakI avAntarasAmagrI judA-judA ho| raha jAtI hai amuka granthako pramANa mAnane aura na mAnanekI bAta, so usakA AdhAra avisaMvAda hI ho sakatA hai| jina vacanoM yA jinake vacanoMmeM avisaMvAda pAyA jAya, ve pramANa hote haiM aura visaMvAdI vacana apramANa / yaha viveka samagra granthake bhinna-bhinna aMzoMke sambandha meM bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM sAvadhAnI itanI hI rakhanI hai ki avisaMvAditvakI jA~cameM hameM bhrama na ho / usakA antima niSkarSa kevala vartamAnakAlIna sImita sAdhanoMse hI nahIM nikAlA jAnA cAhiye, kintu traikAlika kAryakAraNabhAvakI sunizcita paddhatise hI usakI jA~ca honI cAhiye / isa kharI kasauTIpara jo vAkya apanI yathArthatA aura satyArthatAko sAbita kara sakeM ve pramANasiddha haiM aura zeSa apramANa / yahI bAta Aptake sambandhameM hai| 'yo yatra vaJcakaH sa tatra AptaH' arthAt jo jisa aMzameM avaMcaka-avisaMvAdI hai vaha usa aMzameM Apta hai / isa sAmAnya sUtrake anusAra lokavyavahAra aura Agamika paramparA donoMmeM AptakA nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai aura AgamapramANa kI sImA loka aura zAstra donoM taka vistRta kI jA sakatI hai| yahI jaina paramparAne kiyA bhI hai| jJAnake kAraNa : artha aura Aloka jJAnake kAraNa nahIM : jJAnake kAraNoMkA vicAra karate samaya jainatAkikoMko yaha dRSTi rahI hai ki jJAnakI kAraNasAmagrImeM jJAnakI zaktiko upayogameM lAneke lie yA use labdhi avasthAse vyApAra karanekI ora pravRtta karanemeM jo anivArya sAdhakatama hoM unhIMko zAmila karanA cAhiye / isIlie jJAnake vyApArameM antaraMga kAraNa usakI zakti

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287 arthAt kSayopazamavizeSarUpa yogyatA hI mAnI gaI hai / isake binA jJAnakI prakaTatA nahIM ho sakatI, vaha upayogarUpa nahIM bana sktaa| bAhya kAraNa indriya aura mana haiM, jinake honepara jJAnakI yogyatA padArthoke jAnanekA vyApAra karatI hai| bhinnabhinna indriyoM ke vyApArase jJAnakI zakti una-una indriyoMke viSayoMko jAnatI hai| indriyavyApArake samaya manake vyApArakA honA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| isIlie indriyapratyakSameM indriyoMkI mukhyatA honepara bhI manako balAdhAyaka-bala denevAlA svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / mAnasapratyakSa yA mAnasajJAnameM kevala manovyApAra hI kArya karatA hai / indriya aura manakA vyApAra honepara jo bhI padArtha sAmane hogA usakA jJAna ho hI jaaygaa| indriya aura manake vyApAra niyamase jJAnakI zaktiko upayogameM lA hI dete haiM, jaba ki artha aura Aloka Adi kAraNoMmeM yaha sAmarthya nahIM hai ki ve jJAnakI zaktiko upayogameM lA ho deN| padArtha aura prakAza Adike rahanepara bhI suSupta aura mUcchita Adi avasthAoMmeM jJAnakI zaktikA bAhya vyApAra nahIM hotaa| yadi indriya aura manakI taraha artha aura Aloka Adiko bhI jJAnakA kAraNa svIkAra kara liyA jAya, to suSupta avasthA aura dhyAnakA honA asambhava ho jAtA hai; kyoMki padArtha aura prakAzakA sAnnidhya jagatmeM banA hI huA hai / vigrahagati ( eka zarIrako chor3akara dUsare zarIrako dhAraNa karaneke lie kI jAnevAlI maraNottara gati ) meM indriya aura manakI pUrNatA na honese padArtha aura prakAza AdikA sannidhAna honepara bhI jJAnakI upayoga avasthA nahIM hotii| ataH jJAnakA anvaya aura vyatireka yadi milatA hai to indriya aura manake sAtha hI, artha aura Alokake sAtha nhiiN| jisa prakAra tela, battI, agni Adi apane kAraNoMse utpanna honevAlA prakAza miTTI, kumhAra Adi apane kAraNoMse utpanna hue ghar3eko prakAzita karatA hai, usI taraha karmakSayopazama aura indriyAdi kAraNoMse upayoga avasthAmeM AyA huA jJAna apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna honevAle jagatke padArthoMko jAnatA hai / jaise dIpaka na to ghaTase utpanna huA hai aura na ghaTake AkAra hI hai, phira bhI vaha ghaTakA prakAzaka hai; usI taraha jJAna ghaTAdi padArthoMse utpanna na hokara aura unake AkAra na hokara bhI una padArthoMko jAnanevAlA hotA hai| bauddhoMke cAra pratyaya aura tadutpatti Adi : bauddha citta aura caittoMkI utpattimeM cAra pratyaya mAnate haiM(1) samanantara pratyaya, (2) adhipati pratyaya, ( 3 ) Alambana pratyaya aura 1. 'catvAraH pratyayA hetuzcAlambanamanantaram / tathaivAdhipateyaM ca pratyayo nAsti paJcamaH ||'-maadhymikkaarikaa 112 /

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288 jainadarzana ( 4 ) sahakArI pratyaya / pratyeka jJAnakI utpattimeM anantara pUrvajJAna samanantara pratyaya hotA hai, arthAt pUrva jJAnakSaNa uttara jJAnakSaNako utpanna karatA hai| cakSu Adi indriyA~ adhipati pratyaya hotI haiM; kyoMki aneka kAraNoMse utpanna honevAle jJAnakI mAlikI indriyA~ hI karatI haiM yAnI cAkSuSajJAna, zrAvaNajJAna Adi vyavahAra indriyoMke svAmitvake kAraNa hI indriyoMse hote haiN| jisa padArthakA jJAna hotA hai vaha padArtha Alambana pratyaya hotA hai / anya prakAza Adi kAraNa sahakArI pratyaya kahe jAte haiN| sautrAntika bauddhoMkA yaha siddhAnta' hai ki jo jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hotA vaha jJAnakA viSaya nahIM ho sktaa| naiyAyika Adi indriya aura padArthake sannikarSase jJAnako utpatti svIkAra karate haiN| ataH inake matase bhI sannikarSake ghaTaka rUpameM padArtha jJAnakA kAraNa ho jAtA hai| ___bauddha-matameM sabhI padArtha kSaNika haiM / jaba unase pUchA gayA ki 'jJAna padArtha aura indriyoMse utpanna hokara bhI kevala padArthako hI kyoM jAnatA hai, indriyoMko kyoM nahIM jAnatA ?' taba unhoMne arthajanyatAke sAtha-hI-sAtha jJAnameM arthAkAratAko bhI sthAna diyA yAnI jo jJAna jisase utpanna hotA hai aura jisake AkAra hotA hai vaha usIko jAnatA hai| 'dvitIyajJAna prathamajJAnase utpanna bhI hotA hai, usake AkAra bhI rahatA hai arthAt jo AkAra prathamajJAnameM hai vahI AkAra dvitIyajJAnameM bhI hotA hai, phira dvitIyajJAna prathamajJAnako nahIM jAnatA?' isa praznake samAdhAnake liye unheM tadadhyavasAya bhI mAnanA par3A arthAt jo jJAna jisase utpanna ho, jisake AkAra ho aura jisakA adhyavasAya ( anukUla vikalpako utpanna karanA ) kare, vaha usa padArthako jAnatA hai| cUMki nolajJAna 'nIlamidam' aise vikalpako utpanna karatA hai, 'pUrvajJAnamidam' isa vikalpako nahIM, ataH vaha nIlako hI jAnatA hai, pUrvajJAnako nahIM / isa taraha unhoMne tadutpatti, tApya aura tadadhyavasAyako jJAnakA viSayaniyAmaka svIkAra kiyA hai / 'prathamakSaNavartI padArtha jaba jJAnako utpanna karake naSTa ho jAtA hai, taba vaha grAhya kaise ho sakatA hai ?' isa praznakA samAdhAna tadAkAratAse kiyA gayA arthAt padArtha agale kSaNameM bhale hI naSTa ho jAya, parantu vaha apanA AkAra jJAnameM de jAtA hai, isIlie jJAna usa arthako jAnatA hai / 1. 'nAkaraNaM viSayaH |'--uddht bodhicaryA0 pR0 368 / 2. 'bhinnaka laM kathaM grAhyamiti ced grAhyatAM viduH / hetutvameva yuktizA zAnAkArArpaNakSamam // ' -pramANavA0 2 / 247 /

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pramANamImAMsA 289 artha kAraNa nahIM : jaina dArzanikoMmeM sarvaprathama akalaMkadevane ukta vicAroMkI AlocanA karate hue jJAnake prati mana aura indriyakI kAraNatAkA siddhAnta sthira kiyA hai| jo ki paramparAgata jainamAnyatA kA digdarzana mAtra hai| ve artha aura Alokako kAraNatAkA apanI antaraGga sUkSma dRSTise nirAsa karate haiM ki jJAna arthakA kArya nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jJAna to mAtra itanA hI jAnatA hai ki 'yaha amuka artha hai|' vaha yaha nahIM jAnatA ki 'maiM isa arthase utpanna huA huuN|' yadi jJAna svayaM yaha jAnatA hotA to vivAdako guJjAiza hI nahIM thii| indriyAdise utpanna huA jJAna arthake paricchedameM vyApAra karatA hai aura apane utpAdaka indriyAdi kAraNoMkI sUcanA bhI karatA hai| jJAnakA arthake sAtha jaba nizcita anvaya aura vyatireka nahIM hai, taba usake sAtha jJAnakA kAryakAraNabhAva sthira nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| saMzaya aura viparyaya jJAna apane viSayabhUta padArthoM ke abhAvameM bhI indriyadoSa Adise utpanna hote haiN| padArthoM ke bane rahane para bhI indriya aura manakA vyApAra na honepara suSupta mUcchita Adi avasthAoMmeM jJAna nahIM hotaa| yadi mithyAjJAnameM indriyoMkI duSTatA hetu hai to samyagjJAnameM indriyoMkI nirdoSatAko hI kAraNa honA cAhiye / 4anya kAraNoMse utpanna buddhike dvArA sannikarSakA nizcaya hotA hai / sannikarSameM praviSTa arthake sAtha jJAnakA kAryakAraNabhAva taba nizcita ho sakegA, jaba sannikarSa, AtmA, mana aura indriya Adi kisI eka jJAnake viSaya hoN| parantu AtmA, mana aura indriyA~ to atIndriya hai| ataH padArthake sAtha honevAlA inakA sannikarSa bhI svabhAvataH atIndriya hI hogaa| aura isa taraha jaba vaha vidyamAna rahate hue bhI apratyakSa hai, taba usakI jJAnakI utpattimeM kAraNatA kaise mAnI jAya ? jJAna arthako to jAnatA hai, para arthameM rahanevAlI jJAnakAraNatAko nahIM jaantaa| jaba jJAna atIta aura anAgata padArthoMko, jo ki jJAnakAlameM avidyamAna haiM, jAnatA hai taba arthakI jJAnake prati kAraNatA apane Apa nissAra siddha ho jAtI hai| kAmalAdirogavAleko sapheda zaMkhameM avidyamAna pIlepanakA jJAna hotA hai aura 1. 'tataH subhASitam-indriyamanasI kAraNaM vijJAnasya artho viSayaH / ' -ladhI0 sva0 zlo0 54 / 2. 'tadindriyAnindriyanimittam / ' -ta0 sU0 1114 / 3. laghI0 zlo0 53 / 4. laghI0 sva0 zlo0 55

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290 jainadarzana maraNonmukha vyaktiko padArthake rahane para bhI usakA jJAna nahIM hotA yA viparIta jJAna hotA hai| kSaNika padArtha to jJAnake prati kAraNa bhI nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki jaba vaha kSaNika honese kAryakAla taka nahIM pahu~catA taba use kAraNa kaise kahA jAya ? arthake honepara bhI usake kAlameM jJAna utpanna nahIM hotA tathA arthaka abhAvameM hI jJAna utpanna hotA hai, taba jJAna arthakA kArya kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? kArya aura kAraNa samAnakAlameM to nahIM raha sakate / ___ jJAna' amUrta hai, ataH vaha mUrta arthake pratibimbako bhI dhAraNa nahIM kara sktaa| mUrta darpaNa AdimeM hI mUrtta mukha AdikA pratibimba AtA hai, amUrtameM mUrtakA nhiiN| yadi padArthase utpanna honeke kAraNa jJAnameM viSayapratiniyama ho; to ghaTajJAnako ghaTakI taraha kAraNabhUta indriya Adiko bhI viSaya karanA caahie| tadAkAratAse viSayapratiniyama mAnane para eka ghaTakA jJAna honese usa AkAravAle yAvat ghaToMkA parijJAna ho jAnA caahiye| yadi tadutpatti aura tadAkAratA milakara niyAmaka haiM, to dvitIya ghaTajJAnako prathama ghaTajJAnakA niyAmaka honA cAhiye; kyoMki prathama ghaTajJAnase vaha utpanna huA hai aura jaisA prathama ghaTajJAnakA AkAra hai vaisA hI AkAra usameM hotA hai / tadadhyavasAyase bhI vastukA pratiniyama nahIM hotA; kyoMki zukla zaMkhameM honevAle pItAkAra jJAnase utpanna dvitIya jJAnameM anukUla adhyavasAya to dekhA jAtA hai para niyAmakatA nahIM hai| ataH apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna jJAna aura arthameM dIpaka aura ghaTake prakAzyaprakAzakabhAvakI taraha jJeya-jJAyakabhAva mAnanA hI ucita hai| jaise devadatta aura kATha apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna hokara bhI chedana kriyAke kartA aura karma bana jAte haiM usI taraha apane-apane kAraNoMse utpanna jJeya aura jJAnase bhI jJApya-jJApaka bhAva ho jAtA hai / jisa prakAra khadAnase nikalI huI malina maNi aneka zANa Adi kAraNoMse nyUnAdhikarUpameM nirmala aura svaccha hotI hai usI taraha karmamukta malina AtmAkA jJAna bhI apanI vizuddhike anusAra taratamarUpase prakAzamAna hotA hai aura apanI kSayopazamarUpa yogyatAke anusAra padArthoM ko jAnatA hai / ataH arthako jJAnameM sAdhakatama kAraNa nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| padArtha to jagatmeM vidyamAna haiM hI, jo sAmane A gayA use mAtra indriya aura mana ke vyApArase utpanna honevAlA jJAna jAnegA hii| 1. lapI0 sva0 zlo0 58 / 2. 'svahetujanito'pyarthaH paricchedyaH svato ythaa| tathA zAnaM svahetRtthaM paricchedAtmaka svataH // ' lagho0 sva0 zlo0 59 /

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pramANamImAMsA Adhunika vijJAna mastiSkameM pratyeka vicArako pratinidhibhUta jina sIdhI-Ter3hI rekhAoMkA astitva svIkAra karate haiM ve rekhAe~ padArthAkAratAkA pratinidhitva nahIM karatIM, kintu ve paripakva anubhavake saMskAroMkI pratinidhi haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki yathAkAla una saMskAroMke udbodha hone para smRti Adi utpanna hote haiN| ataH antaraGga aura sAdhakatama dRSTise indriya aura mana hI jJAnake kAraNoMmeM ginAye jAneke yogya haiM, arthAdi nhiiN| Aloka bhI jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM: ___ isI taraha 'Aloka jJAnakA viSaya to hotA hai, kAraNa nhiiN| jo jisa jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai vaha usa jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hotA, jaise ki andhakAra / AlokakA jJAnake sAtha anvaya aura vyatireka bhI nahIM hai| Alokake abhAvameM andhakArakA jJAna hotA hai| rAtricara ullU Adiko Alokake abhAvameM hI jJAna hotA hai, sadbhAvameM nhiiN| rAtrimeM andhakAra to dikhatA hai, para usase AvRta anya padArtha nhiiN| andhakArako jJAnakA AvaraNa bhI nahIM mAna sakate; kyoMki vaha jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai| jJAnakA AvaraNa to jJAnAvaraNa karma hI ho sakatA hai / isIke kSayopazamakI taratamatAse jJAnake vikAsameM tAratamya hotA hai| yaha eka sAdhAraNa niyama hai ki jo jisa jJAnakA viSaya hotA hai vaha usa jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM hotA, jaise ki andhakAra / ataH Alokake sAtha jJAnakA anvaya aura vyatireka na honese Aloka bhI jJAnakA kAraNa nahIM ho sktaa| viSayakI dRSTise jJAnoMkA vibhAjana aura nAmakaraNa bhI nahIM kiyA jaataa| jJAnoMkA vibhAjana aura nAmakaraNa to indriya aura mana rUpa kAraNoMse utpanna honekI vajahase cAkSuSa, rAsana, spArzana, ghrANaja, zrotraja aura manojanya-mAnasake rUpameM mAnanA hI ucita aura yuktisaMgata hai| padArthokI dRSTise jJAnakA vibhAjana aura nAmakaraNa na saMbhava hai aura na zakya hii| isalie bhI artha Adiko jJAnameM kAraNa mAnanA ucita nahIM jNctaa| pramANakA phala : jaina darzanameM jaba pramAke sAdhakatamarUpameM jJAnako hI pramANa mAnA hai, taba yaha svabhAvataH phalita hotA hai ki usa jJAnase hone vAlA pariNamana hI phalakA sthAna paave| jJAna do kArya karatA hai-ajJAnakI nivRtti aura sva-parakA vyavasAya / jJAnakA AdhyAtmika phala mokSakI prApti hai; jo tArkika kSetra meM vivakSita nahIM hai / vaha to adhyAtmajJAnakA hI paramparA phala hai| pramANase sAkSAt ajJAnakI nivRtti 1. dekho, laghI0 zlo0 56 /

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292 jainadarzana hotI hai| jaise prakAza andhakArako haTAkara padArthoMko prakAzita karatA hai, vaise hI jJAna ajJAnako haTAkara padArthoMkA bodha karAtA hai / ajJAnakI nivRtti aura padArthoMkA jJAna ye do pRthak cIjeM nahIM haiM aura na inameM kAla-bheda hI hai, ye to eka hI sikkeke do pahalU haiM / padArthabodhake bAda honevAlA hAna heyakA tyAga, upAdAna aura upekSAbuddhi pramANake paramparA phala haiM / mati Adi jJAnoMmeM hAna, upAdAna aura upekSA tInoM buddhiyA~ phala hotI haiM, para kevalajJAna' kA phala kevala upekSAbuddhi hI hai| rAga aura dveSameM cittakA praNidhAna nahIM honA, upekSA kahalAtI hai / cUMki kevalajJAnI vItarAgI haiM, ataH unake rAgadveSamUlaka hAna aura upAdAna buddhi nahIM ho sktii| jaina paramparAmeM jJAna AtmAkA abhinna guNa hai| isI jJAnakI pUrva avasthA pramANa kahalAtI hai aura uttara avasthA phala / jo jJAnadhArA aneka jJAnakSaNoMmeM vyApta rahatI hai, usa jJAnadhArAkA pUrvakSaNa sAdhakatama honese pramANa hotA hai aura uttarakSaNa sAdhya honese phala / 'avagraha, IhA, avAya, dhAraNA aura hAnAdibuddhi' isa dhArAmeM avagraha kevala pramANa hI hai aura hAnAdibuddhi kevala phala hI, parantu IhAse dhAraNA paryanta jJAna pUrvako apekSA phala hokara bhI apane uttarakAryakI apekSA pramANa bhI ho jAte haiM / 2 eka hI AtmAkA jJAnavyApAra jaba jJeyonmukha hotA hai taba vaha pramANa kahA jAtA hai aura jaba usake dvArA ajJAnanivRtti yA arthaprakAza hotA hai taba vaha phala kahalAtA hai| ___3naiyAyika, vaizeSika, mImAMsaka aura sAMkhya Adi indriyako pramANa mAnakara indriyavyApAra, sannikarSa, AlocanAjJAna, vizeSaNajJAna, vizeSyajJAna, hAna, upAdAna Adi buddhi takakI dhArAmeM indriyako pramANa hI mAnate haiM aura hAnopAdAna Adi baddhiko phala hii| bIcake indriyavyApAra aura sannikarSa Adiko pUrva pUrvakI apekSA phala aura uttara uttarakI apekSA pramANa svIkAra karate haiM / prazna itanA hI hai ki jaba pramANakA kArya ajJAnakI nivRtti karanA hai taba usa kAryake lie indriya, indriyavyApAra aura sannikarSa, jo ki acetana haiM, kaise upayukta ho sakate haiM / cetana pramA sAdhakatama to jJAna hI ho sakatA hai, ajJAna nhiiN| ataH savikalpaka jJAnase hI 1. 'upekSA phalamAdyasya zeSasyAdAnahAnadhIH / pUrvA vA'jJAnanAzo vA sarvasyAsya svagocare ||'-aaptmii0 zlo0 102 / 2. pUrvapUrvapramANatve phalaM syAduttarottaram |'-lghii0 zlo0 7 / 3. dekho, nyAyamA0 1 / 1 / 3 / praza0 kandalI pR0 198-66 / mI0 zlo0 pratyakSa0 zlo0 59-73 / sAMkhyatattvakau0 zlo0 4 /

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pramANamImAMsA 293 pramANavyavahAra prArambha honA cAhiye, na ki indriyase / andhakAranivRttike lie andhakAravirodhI prakAza hI DhU~r3hA jAtA hai na ki tadavirodhI ghaTa, paTa, Adi pdaarth| inhIM paramparAoMko upaniSadoMmeM yadyapi tattvajJAnakA carama phala niHzreyasa bhI batAyA gayA hai, parantu tarkayugameM usakI pramukhatA nahIM rhii| bauddha paramparAkI sautrAntika zAkhAmeM bAhya arthakA astitva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, isalie ve jJAnagata arthAkAratA yA sArUpyako pramANa mAnate haiM aura viSayake adhigamako pramANakA phala / ye sArUpya aura adhigama donoM jJAnake hI dharma haiM / eka hI jJAna jisa kSaNameM vyavasthApanahetu honese pramANa kahalAtA hai vahI usI kSaNameM vyavasthApya honese phala nAma pA jAtA hai| yadyapi jJAna niraMza hai, ataH usameM ukta do aMza pRthak nahIM hote, phira bhI anyavyAvRttikI apekSA ( asArUpyavyAvRttise sArUpya, aura anadhigamavyAvRttise adhigama ) do vyavahAra ho jAte haiM / vijJAnavAdI bauddhoMke matameM bAhya arthakA astitva na honese jJAnagata yogyatA hI pramANa mAnI jAtI hai aura svasaMvedana phala / eka hI jJAnakI savyApAra pratIti honese usImeM pramANa aura phala ye do pRthak vyavahAra vyavasthApya-vyavasthApakakA bheda mAnakara kara liye jAte haiM / vastutaH jJAna to niraMza hai, usameM ukta bheda hai hI nhiiN| pramANa aura phalakA bhedAbheda : jaina paramparAmeM cUMki eka hI AtmA pramANa aura phala donoM rUpase pariNati karatA hai, ataH pramANa aura phala abhinna mAne gaye haiM, tathA kArya aura kAraNarUpase kSaNabheda aura paryAyabheda honeke kAraNa ve bhinna haiM / bauddhaparamparAmeM AtmAkA astitva na honese eka hI jJAnakSaNameM vyAvRttibhedase bhedavyavahAra honepara bhI vastutaH pramANa aura phalameM abheda hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / naiyAyika Adi indriya aura sannikarSako pramANa mAnaneke kAraNa phalabhUta jJAnako pramANase bhinna hI mAnate haiM / isa bhedAbhedaviSayaka carcAmeM jaina paramparAne anekAntadRSTikA hI upayoga kiyA hai aura dravya tathA paryAya donoMko sAmane rakhakara pramANaphalabhAva ghaTAyA hai| AcArya samantabhadra aura siddhasenane ajJAnanivRtti, hAna, upAdAna aura upekSAbuddhiko hI pramANakA phala batAyA aura akalaMkadevane pUrva-pUrva jJAnoMko pramANa aura uttara-uttara jJAnoMko phala kahakara eka hI jJAnameM apekSAbhedase pramANarUpatA aura phalarUpatAkA bhI samarthana kiyA hai| 1. "viSayAdhigatizcAtra prmaannphlmissyte| svavittirvA pramANaM tu sArUpyaM yogyatApi vA ||"-tttvsN0 kA0 1344 /

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294 jainadarzana bauddhoMke matameM pramANa-phalavyavahAra, vyavasthApya-vyavasthApaka dRSTise hai, jabaki naiyAyika Adike matameM yaha vyavahAra kAryakAraNa-bhAva-nimittaka hai aura jaina paramparAmeM isa vyavahArakA AdhAra pariNAmapariNAmIbhAva hai / pUrvajJAna svayaM uttarajJAna rUpase pariNata hokara phala bana jAtA hai| eka AtmadravyakI hI jJAna paryAyoMmeM yaha pramANaphalabhAvakI vyavasthA apekSAbhedase sambhava hotI hai| yadi pramANa aura phalakA sarvathA abheda mAnA jAtA hai to unameM eka vyavasthApya aura dUsarA vyavasthApaka, eka pramANa aura dUsarA phala yaha bhedavyavahAra nahIM ho sktaa| sarvathA bheda mAnane para AtmAntarake pramANake sAtha AtmAntarake phalameM bhI pramANa-phala vyavahAra nahIM ho skegaa| acetana indriyAdike sAtha cetana jJAnameM pramANaphala vyavahAra to pratItiviruddha hai| jise' pramANa utpanna hotA hai, usIkA ajJAna haTatA hai, vahI ahitako chor3atA hai, hitakA upAdAna karatA hai aura upekSA karatA hai / isa taraha eka anusyUta AtmAkI dRSTise hI pramANa aura phalameM kathaJcit abheda kahA jA sakatA hai| AtmA pramAtA hai, usakA arthaparicchittimeM sAdhakatama rUpase vyApriyamANa svarUpa pramANa hai, tathA vyApAra pramiti hai| isa prakAra paryAyakI dRSTise unameM bheda hai| pramANAbhAsa : Upara jina pramANoMkI carcA kI gaI hai, unake lakSaNa jisameM na pAye jA~ya, para jo unakI taraha pratibhAsita hoM ve saba pramANAbhAsa haiM / yadyapi ukta vivecanase patA laga jAtA hai ki kauna-kauna pramANAbhAsa haiM, phira bhI isa prakaraNameM unakA spaSTa aura saMyuktika vivecana karanA apekSita hai| ___ asvasaMvedI jJAna, nirvikalpaka darzana, saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya Adi pramANAbhAsa haiM; kyoMki inake dvArA pravRttike viSayakA yathArtha upadarzana nahIM hotA / jo asvasaMvedI jJAna apane svarUpako hI nahIM jAnatA vaha puruSAntarake jJAnakI taraha hameM arthabodha kaise karA sakatA hai ? nirvikalpaka darzana saMvyavahArAnupayogI honeke kAraNa pramANakI kakSAmeM zAmila nahIM kiyA jaataa| vastutaH jaba jJAnako pramANa mAnA hai taba pramANa aura pramANAbhAsakI cintA bhI jJAnake kSetrameM hI kI jAnI cAhiye / bauddhamatameM zabdayojanAke pahalevAle jJAnako yA zabdasaMsargakI yogyatA na rakhanevAle jisa jJAnako nirvikalpaka darzana zabdase kahA hai, usa saMvyavahArAnupayogI 1. 'yaH pramimIte sa eva nivRttAjJAnI jahAtyAdatta upekSate ceti pratIteH / ' -parIkSAmukha 5 / 3 / 2. 'asvasaMviditagRhItArthadarzanasaMzayAdayaH prmaannaabhaasaaH|' -parIkSAmukha 6 / 2 /

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pramANamImAMsA 295 darzanako hI pramANAbhAsa kahanA yahA~ iSTa hai, kyoMki saMvyavahArake lie hI arthakriyArthI vyakti pramANakI cintA karate haiN| dhavalAdi siddhAnta-granthoMmeM jisa nirAkAradarzanarUpa AtmadarzanakA vivecana hai, vaha jJAnase bhinna, AtmAkA eka pRthak guNa hai / ataH use pramANAbhAsa na kahakara pramANa aura apramANake vicArase bahirbhUta hI rakhanA ucita hai| avisaMvAdI aura samyagjJAnako pramANa kahA hai| yadyapi AcArya mANikyanandine pramANake lakSaNameM apUrvArthagrAhI vizeSaNa diyA hai aura gRhItagrAhI jJAnako pramANAbhAsa bhI ghoSita kiyA hai; para unake isa vicArase vidyAnanda Adi AcArya sahamata nahIM haiM / akalaMkadevane bhI kahIM pramANake lakSaNameM anadhigatArthagrAhI pada diyA hai, para unhoMne ise pramANatAkA prayojaka nahIM mAnA / pramANatAke prayojakake rUpameM to unhoMne avisaMvAdakA hI varNana kiyA / ataH gRhItagrAhitva itanA bar3A doSa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, jisake kAraNa vaise jJAnako pramANAbhAsa-koTimeM DAlA jaay| ___ jaba vastu ke sAmAnya dharmakA darzana hotA hai aura vizeSa dharma nahIM dikhAI dete, kintu do paraspara virodhI vizeSoMkA smaraNa ho jAtA hai taba jJAna una do vizeSa koTiyoMmeM dolita hone lagatA hai / yaha saMzaya jJAna anirNayAtmaka honese pramANAbhAsa hai| viparyaya jJAnameM viparIta eka koTikA nizcaya hotA hai aura anadhyavasAya jJAnameM kisI bhI eka koTikA nizcaya nahIM ho pAtA, isaliye ye visaMvAdI honeke kAraNa pramANAbhAsa haiN| sannikarSAdi pramANAbhAsa : 'cakSu aura rasakA saMyuktasamavAyasambandha honepara bhI cakSuse rasajJAna nahIM hotA aura rUpake sAtha cakSukA sannikarSa na honepara bhI rUpajJAna hotA hai| ataH sannikarSako pramAke prati sAdhakatama nahIM kahA jA sktaa| phira sannikarSa acetana hai, isalie bhI cetana pramAkA vaha sAdhakatama nahIM bana sktaa| ataH sannikarSa, kArakasAkalya Adi pramANAbhAsa haiN| kArakasAkalyameM cetana aura acetana sabhI prakAra kI sAmagrIkA samAveza kiyA jAtA hai| ye pramitikriyAke prati jJAnase vyavahita hokara yAnI jJAnake dvArA hI kisI taraha apanI kAraNatA kAyama rakha sakate haiM, sAkSAt nahIM; ataH ye saba pramANAbhAsa haiN| sannikarSa Adi cUMki ajJAna rUpa haiM; ataH ve mukhyarUpase pramANa nahIM ho sakate / raha jAtI hai upacArase pramANa kahanekI 1. parIkSAmukha 6 / 5 /

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296 jainadarzana bAta, so sAdhakatamatvake vicArameM usakA koI mUlya nahIM hai / jJAna hokara bhI jo saMvyavahAropayogI nahIM haiM yA akiJcitkara haiM ve saba pramANAbhAsakoTimeM zAmila haiM / pratyakSAbhAsa : 'avizada jJAnako pratyakSa kahanA pratyakSAbhAsa hai, jaise ki prajJAkara gupta akasmAt dhuA~ko dekhakara honevAle vahnivijJAnako pratyakSa kahate haiM / bhale hI yahA~ pahalese vyApti gRhIta na ho aura tAtkAlika pratibhA Adise vahnikA pratibhAsa ho gayA ho, kintu vaha pratibhAsa dhUmadarzanakI taraha vizada to nahIM hai, ataH usa avizada jJAnako pratyakSa-koTimeM zAmila nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaha pratyakSAbhAsa hI hai| parokSAbhAsa : ___ 2vizada jJAnako bhI parokSa kahanA parokSAbhAsa hai / jaise mImAMsaka karaNajJAnako apane svarUpameM vizada hote hue bhI parokSa mAnatA hai| yaha kahA jA cukA hai ki apratyakSajJAnake dvArA puruSAntarake jJAnakI taraha arthopalabdhi nahIM kI jA sktii| ataH jJAnamAtrako cAhe vaha samyagjJAna ho yA mithyAjJAna, svasaMvedI mAnanA hI caahie| jo bhI jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vaha svaprakAza karatA huA hI utpanna hotA hai| aisA nahIM hai ki ghaTAdikI taraha jJAna ajJAta rahakara hI utpanna ho jAya / ataH mImAMsakakA use parokSa kahanA parokSAbhAsa hai| sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa : ___ bAdaloMmeM gaMdharvanagarakA jJAna aura duHkhamesu khakA jJAna sAMvyavahArika pratyakSAbhAsa hai| mukhya pratyakSAbhAsa : isI taraha avadhijJAnameM mithyAtvake samparkase vibhaMgAvadhipanA AtA hai| vaha mukhyapratyakSAbhAsa kahA jaaygaa| manaHparyaya aura kevalajJAna samyagdRSTike hI hote haiM, ataH unameM viparyAsakI kisI bhI taraha sambhAvanA nahIM hai| smaraNAbhAsa : atatmeM tatkA, yA tatmeM atatkA smaraNa karanA smaraNAbhAsa hai| jaise jinadattameM 'vaha devadatta' aisA smaraNa smaraNAbhAsa hai| 1. parIkSAmukha 6 / 3 / 2. parIkSAmukha 67 / 3. parIkSAmukha 68 /

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pramANamImAMsA 297 pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa : 'sadRza padArthameM 'yaha vahI hai' aisA jJAna tathA usI padArthameM 'yaha usa jaisA isa sahai prakArakA jJAna pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa hai| jaise sahajAta devadatta aura jinadattameM bhramavaza honevAlA viparIta pratyabhijJAna, yA dravyadRSTimeM eka hI padArthameM bauddhako honevAlA sAdRzya pratyabhijJAna aura paryAyadRSTise sadRza padArthameM naiyAyikAdiko honevAlA ekatvajJAna / ye saba pratyabhijJAnAbhAsa haiN| tarkAbhAsa : jisameM avinAbhAva sambandha nahIM hai, unameM vyAptijJAna karanA tarkAbhAsa 2 hai / jaise-jitane maitrake putra hoMge ve saba zyAma hoMge Adi / yahA~ maitratanayatva aura zyAmatvameM na to sahabhAvaniyama hai aura na kramabhAvaniyama; kyoMki zyAmatAkA kAraNa usa prakArake nAmakarmakA udaya aura garbhAvasthAmeM mAtAke dvArA zAka AdikA pracura pariNAmameM khAyA jAnA hai| anumAnAbhAsa : pakSAbhAsa Adise utpanna honevAle anumAna anumAnAbhAsa haiN| aniSTa, siddha aura bAdhita pakSa pakSAbhAsa hai| mImAMsakakA 'zabda anitya hai' yaha kahanA aniSTa pakSAbhAsa hai| kabhI-kabhI bhramavaza yA ghabar3Akara aniSTa bhI pakSa kara liyA jAtA hai / 'zabda zravaNa indriyakA viSaya hai' yaha siddha pakSAbhAsa hai / zabdake kAnase sunAI denemeM kisIko bhI vivAda nahIM hai, ataH use pakSa banAnA nirarthaka hai / pratyakSa, anumAna, Agama, loka aura svavacanase bAdhita sAdhyavAlA pakSa bAdhita pakSAbhAsa hai| jaise-'agni ThaMDI hai; kyoMki vaha dravya hai, jalakI taraha / ' yahA~ agnikA ThaMDA honA pratyakSase bAdhita hai| 'zabda apariNAmI hai; kyoMki vaha kRtaka hai, ghaTakI taraha / ' yahA~ 'zabda apariNAmI hai' yaha pakSa 'zabda pariNAmI hai; kyoMki vaha arthakriyAkArI hai aura kRtaka hai ghaTakI taraha' isa anumAnase bAdhita hai| 'paralokameM dharma duHkhadAyaka hai, kyoMki vaha puruSAzrita hai, jaise-ki adharma / ' yahA~ dharmako duHkhadAyaka batAnA Agamase bAdhita hai| 'manuSyakI khopar3I pavitra hai; kyoMki vaha prANIkA aMga hai, jaise-ki zaMkha aura zukti' / yahA~ manuSyakI khopar3IkI pavitratA lokabAdhita hai| lokameM gauke zarIrase utpanna honepara bhI dUdha pavitra mAnA jAtA 1. parIkSAmukha 6 / 6 / 2. parIkSAmukha 6 / 10 / 3. parIkSAmukha 6 / 11-20 /

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298 jainadarzana hai aura gomAMsa apavitra / isI taraha aneka prakArake laukika pavitrApavitra vyavahAra calate haiM / 'merI mAtA bandhyA hai; kyoMki use puruSasaMyoga honepara bhI garbha nahIM rahatA, jaise-ki prasiddha bndhyaa|' yahA~ merI mAtAkA bandhyApana svavacanabAdhita hai| yadi bandhyA hai, to merI mAtA kaise huI ? ye saba pakSAbhAsa haiM / hetvAbhAsa : ___ jo hetuke lakSaNase rahita haiM, para hetuke samAna mAlUma hote haiM ve hetvAbhAsa haiN| vastutaH inheM sAdhanake doSa honese sAdhanAbhAsa kahanA cAhie; kyoMki nirduSTa sAdhanameM ina doSoMkI sambhAvanA nahIM hotI / sAdhana aura hetumeM vAcya-vAcakakA bheda hai / sAdhanake vacanako hetu kahate haiM, ataH upacArase sAdhanake doSoMko hetukA doSa mAnakara hetvAbhAsa saMjJA de dI gaI hai / naiyAyika hetuke pA~ca rUpa mAnate haiM, ataH ve eka-eka rUpake abhAvameM asiddha, viruddha, anaikAntika, kAlAtyayApadiSTa aura prakaraNasama ye pA~ca hetvAbhAsa svIkAra karate haiN| bauddhoM ne hetuko trirUpa mAnA hai, ataH unake matase pakSadharmatvake abhAvameM asiddha, sapakSasattvake abhAvameM viruddha aura vipakSAsattvake abhAvameM anaikAntika isa taraha tIna hetvAbhAsa hote haiN| kaNAda-sUtra ( 3 / 1 / 15 ) meM asiddha, viruddha aura sandigdha ina tIna hetvAbhAsoMkA nirdeza honepara bhI bhASyameM anadhyavasita nAmake cauthe hetvAbhAsakA bhI kathana hai| ___ jaina dArzanikoMmeM AcArya siddhasenane ( nyAyAvatAra zlo0 23 ) asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntika ina tIna hetvAbhAsoMko ginAyA hai| akalaMkadevane avyathAnupapannatvako hI jaba hetukA ekamAtra niyAmaka rUpa mAnA hai taba svabhAvataH inake matase anyathAnupapannatvake abhAvameM eka hI hetvAbhAsa ho sakatA hai / ve svayaM likhate haiM ki vastutaH eka hI asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai / 'anyathAnupapatti' kA abhAva cUMki kaI prakArase hotA hai, ataH viruddha, asiddha, sandigdha aura akiJcitkarake bhedase cAra hetvAbhAsa bhI ho sakate haiN| eka jagaha to unhoMne viruddha, asiddha aura sandigdhako akiJcitkarakA vistAra mAtra batAyA hai| inake matase hetvAbhAsoMkI 1. nyAyasAra pR0 7 // 2. nyAyavi0 357 / 3. "anyathAsaMbhavAbhAvabhedAt sa bahudhA smRtaH / viruddhAsiddhasandigdhairakiJcitkaravistaraiH ||"-nyaayvi0 2 / 195 / 4. "akiJcitkArakAn sarvAn tAn vayaM sNgiraamhe|" -nyAyavi0 2 / 370 /

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pramANamImAMsA 299 saMkhyAkA koI Agraha nahIM hai, phira bhI unane jina cAra hetvAbhAsoMkA nirdeza kiyA hai, unake lakSaNa isa prakAra haiM : (1) asiddha-"sarvathAtyayAt" (pramANasaM0 zlo0 48) sarvathA pakSameM na pAyA jAnevAlA athavA jisakA sAdhyake sAtha sarvathA avinAbhAva na ho / jaise'zabda anitya hai, cAkSuSa honese / ' asiddha do prakArakA hai| eka avidyamAnasattAka -~~-arthAt svarUpAsiddha aura dUsarA avidyamAnanizcaya-arthAt sandigdhAsiddha / avidyamAnasattAka-jaise zabda pariNAmI hai; kyoMki vaha cAkSuSa hai| isa anumAnameM cAkSuSatva hetu zabdameM svarUpase hI asiddha hai| avidyamAnanizcaya-mUrkha vyakti dhUma aura bhAphakA viveka nahIM karake jaba baTaloIse nikalanevAlI bhAphako dhuA~ mAnakara, usameM agnikA anumAna karatA hai, to vaha sandigdhAsiddha hotA hai / athavA, sAMkhya yadi zabdako pariNAmI siddha karaneke liye kRtakatva hetukA prayoga karatA hai to vaha bhI sandigdhAsiddha hai, kyoMki sAMkhyake matameM AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva zabda hI prasiddha haiM, kRtakatva nhiiN| nyAyasAra (pR0 8) AdimeM vizeSyAsiddha, vizeSaNAsiddha, AzrayAsiddha, AzrayaikadezAsiddha, vyarthavizeSyAsiddha, vyarthavizeSaNAsiddha, vyadhikaraNAsiddha aura bhAgAsiddha ina asiddhake ATha bhedoMkA varNana hai| unameM vyarthavizeSaNa taka ke chaha bheda una rUpoMse sattAke avidyamAna honeke kAraNa svarUpAsiddhameM hI antarbhUta ho jAte haiM / bhAgAsiddha yaha hai----'zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha prayatlakA avinAbhAvI hai| cUMki isameM avinAbhAva pAyA jAtA hai, ataH yaha saccA hetu hai| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki jitane zabdoMmeM vaha pAyA jAyagA, utanemeM hI anityatva siddha kregaa| jo zabda prayatnAnantarIyaka hoMge ve to anitya hoMge hii| vyadhikaraNAsiddha bhI asiddha hetvAbhAsameM nahIM ginAyA jAnA cAhiye; kyoMki-'eka muhUrta bAda zaTakakA udaya hogA, isa samaya kRttikAkA udaya honese', 'Upara meghavRSTi huI hai, nIce nadIpUra dekhA jAtA hai' ityAdi hetu bhinnAdhikaraNa ho karake bhI avinAbhAvake kAraNa sacce hetu haiN| gamyagamakabhAvakA AdhAra avinAbhAva hai, na ki bhinna-adhikaraNatA yA abhinnAdhikaraNatA / 'avidyamAnasattAka'kA artha-'pakSameM sattAkA na pAyA jAnA' nahIM hai, kintu sAdhya, dRSTAnta yA donoMke sAtha jisakI avinAbhAvinI sattA na pAyI jAya use avidyamAnasattAka kahate haiN| ___ isI taraha sandigdhavizeSyAsiddha AdikA sandigdhAsiddhameM hI antarbhAva kara lenA cAhie / ye asiddha kucha anyatarAsiddha aura kucha ubhayAsiddha hote haiN| vAdI

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jainadarzana jaba taka pramANake dvArA apane hetuko pratibAdIke lie siddha nahIM kara detA, tabataka vaha antarAsiddha kahA jA sakatA hai| (2) viruddha-"anyathAbhAvAt' (pramANasaM0 zlo0 48 ) sAdhyAbhAvameM pAyA jAne vaalaa| jaise-'saba kSaNika haiM sat honese' yahA~ sattva hetu sarvathA kSaNikatvake vipakSI kathaJcit kSaNikatvameM pAyA jAtA hai| nyAyasAra (pR0 8 ) meM vidyamAnasapakSavAle cAra viruddha tathA avidyamAnasapakSavAle cAra viruddha isa taraha jina ATha viruddhoMkA varNana hai, ve saba vipakSameM avinAbhAva pAye jAneke kAraNa hI viruddha haiN| hetukA sapakSameM honA koI Avazyaka nahIM hai| ataH sapakSasattvake abhAvako viruddhatAkA niyAmaka nahIM mAna sakate / kintu vipakSake sAtha usake avinAbhAvakA nizcita honA hI viruddhatAkA AdhAra hai| diGnAga AcAryane viruddhAvyabhicArI nAmakA bhI eka hetvAbhAsa mAnA hai / parasparavirodhI do hetuoMkA eka dharmImeM prayoga hone para prathama hetu viruddhAvyabhicArI ho jAtA hai / yaha saMzayahetu honese hetvAbhAsa hai / dharmakIti'ne ise hetvAbhAsa nahIM mAnA hai| ve likhate haiM ki jisa hetukA rUpya pramANase prasiddha hai, usameM virodhI hetukA avasara hI nahIM hai / ataH yaha AgamAzrita hetuke viSayameM hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai / zAstra atIndriya padArthoM kA pratipAdana karatA hai, ataH usameM eka hI vastu parasparavirodhI rUpameM varNita ho sakatI hai| akalaMkadevane isa hetvAbhAsakA viruddhameM antarbhAva kiyA hai / jo hetu viruddhakA avyabhicArI-vipakSameM bhI rahane vAlA hai, vaha viruddha hetvAbhAsa kI hI sImAmeM AtA hai| (3 ) anaikAntika-"vyabhicArI vipakSe'pi'' ( pramANasaM0 zlo0 49 )vipakSameM bhI pAyA jAnevAlA / yaha do prakArakA hai| eka nizcitAnaikAntika'jaise zabda anitya hai, kyoMki vaha prameya hai, ghaTakI taraha / ' yahA~ prameyatva hetukA vipakSabhUta nitya AkAzameM pAyA jAnA nizcita hai / dUsarA sandigdhAnakAntikajaise sarvajJa nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha vaktA hai, rathyApuruSakI trh|' yahA~ vipakSabhUta sarvajJake sAtha vaktRtvakA koI virodha na honese vaktRtvahetu sandigdhAnakAntika hai| - nyAyasAra ( pR0 10 ) AdimeM isake jina pakSatrayavyApaka, sapakSavipakSakadezavRtti Adi ATha bhedoMkA varNana hai, ve saba isImeM antarbhUta haiN| akalaMkadevane isa hetvAbhAsake lie sandigdha zabdakA prayoga kiyA hai| 1. nanu ca AcAryeNa viruddhAvyabhicAryapi saMzayaheturuktaH sa iha noktaH, anumAnaviSaye'saMbha vAt / " nyAyabi0 3.112,113 /

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pramANamImAMsA 301 ( 4 ) akiJcitkara'-siddha sAdhyameM aura pratyakSAdibAdhita sAdhyameM prayukta honevAlA hetu akizcitkara hai| siddha aura pratyakSAdi bAdhita sAdhyake udAharaNa pakSAbhAsake prakaraNameM diye jA cuke haiN| anyathAnupapattise rahita jitane bhI trilakSaNa hetu haiM, ve saba akiJcitkara haiN| ____ akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsakA nirdeza jainadArzanikoMmeM sarvaprathama akalaMkadevane kiyA hai, parantu unakA abhiprAya ise svatantra hetvAbhAsa mAnaneke viSayameM sudRr3ha nahIM mAlUma hotA / ve eka jagaha likhate haiM ki sAmAnyase eka asiddha hetvAbhAsa hai| vahI viruddha, asiddha aura sandigdhake bhedase aneka prakArakA hotA hai| ye viruddhAdi akiJcitkarake vistAra haiM / phira likhate haiM ki anyathAnupapattise rahita jitane trilakSaNa haiM, unheM akiJcitkara kahanA caahiye| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ve sAmAnyase hetvAbhAsoMkI akiJcitkara yA asiddha saMjJA rakhate the| ise svatantra hetvAbhAsa mAnanekA unakA prabala Agraha nahIM thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki AcArya 2mANikyanandine akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsakA lakSaNa aura bheda kara cukane para bhI likhA hai ki 'isa akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsakA vicAra hetvAbhAsake lakSaNakAlameM hI karanA cAhiye / zAstrArthake samaya to isakA kArya pakSadoSase hI kiyA jA sakatA hai|' AcArya vidyAnandane bhI sAmAnya rUpase eka hetvAbhAsa kahakara asiddha, viruddha aura anaikAntikako usIkA rUpAntara mAnA hai| unane bhI akiJcitkara hetvAbhAsake Upara bhAra nahIM diyA hai| vAdidevasUri Adi AcArya bhI hetvAbhAsake asiddha Adi tIna bheda hI mAnate haiN| dRSTAntAbhAsa : ___ vyAptikI sampratipattikA sthAna dRSTAnta kahalAtA hai / dRSTAntameM sAdhya aura sAdhanakA nirNaya honA Avazyaka hai / jo dRSTAnta isa dRSTAntake lakSaNase rahita ho, kintu dRSTAntake sthAnameM upasthita kiyA gayA ho, vaha dRSTAntAbhAsa hai / diGanAgake nyAyapraveza (pR0 5-6) meM dRSTAntAbhAsake sAdhanadharmAsiddha, sAdhyadharmAsiddha; ananvaya, ubhayadharmAsiddha viparItAnvaya ye pA~ca sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa tathA sAdhyAvyAvRtta, sAdhanAvyAvRtta, ubhayAvyAvRtta, avyatireka aura viparItavyatireka ye pA~ca vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa isa taraha dasa dRSTAntAbhAsa batAye haiM / inameM ubhayAsiddha nAmaka dRSTAntAbhAsake 1. 'siddhe'kiJcitkaro'khilaH |"-prmaannsN0 zlo0 49 / ___ "siddhe pratyakSAdibAdhite ca sAdhye heturkinycitkrH|"-priikssaamukh 6 / 35 / 2. "lakSaNa evAsau doSaH vyutpanna prayogaraya pakSadoSeNaiva duSTatvAt / " -parIkSAmukha 6639 /

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jainadarzana avAntara do bheda aura bhI dikhAye gaye haiM / ataH diGnAgake matase bAraha dRSTAntAbhAsa phalita hote haiN| vaizeSikako bho bAraha nidarzanAbhAsa hI iSTa haiM / AcArya dharmakIrtine dinAgake mUla dasa bhedoMmeM sandigdhasAdhyAnvaya, sandigdhasAdhanAnvaya, sandigdhaubhayAnvaya aura apradarzitAnvaya ye cAra sAdharmyadRSTAntAbhAsa tathA sandigdhasAdhyavyatireka, sandigdhasAdhanavyatireka, sandigdhobhayavyatireka aura apradarzitavyatireka ina cAra vaidharmyadRSTAntAbhAsoMko milAkara kula aThAraha dRSTAntAbhAsa batalAye haiN| ___ nyAyAvatAra ( zlo0 24-25 ) meM A0 siddhasenane 'sAdhyAdivikala tathA saMzaya' zabda dekara lagabhaga dharmakIrtisammata vistArako ora hI saMketa kiyA hai / AcArya mANikyanandi ( parIkSAmukha 4 / 40-45 ) asiddhasAdhya, asiddha-sAdhana, asiddhobhaya tathA viparItAnvaya ye cAra sAdharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa tathA cAra hI vaidharmya dRSTAntAbhAsa isa taraha kucha ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa mAnate haiN| inhoMne 'asiddha' zabdase abhAva aura saMzaya donoMko le liyA hai / itane ananvaya aura apradarzitAnvayako bhI dRSTAnta-doSoMmeM zAmila nahIM kiyA hai| vAdidevasUri ( pramANanaya0 6 / 60-79 ) dharmakIrtikI taraha aThAraha hI dRSTAntAbhAsa mAnate haiM / AcArya hemacandra (pramANamI0 2 / 1 / 22-27) ananvaya aura avyatirekako svatantra doSa nahIM mAnakara dRSTAntAbhAsoMkI saMkhyA solaha nirdhArita karate haiM / parIkSAmukhake anusAra ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa isa prakAra haiM : 'zabda apauruSeya hai, amUrtika honese' isa anumAnameM indriyasukha, paramANu aura ghaTa ye dRSTAnta kramazaH asiddhasAdhya, asiddha sAdhana aura asiddhobhaya haiM, kyoMki indriyasukha pauruSeya hai, paramANu mUrtika hai tathA ghar3A pauruSeya bhI hai aura mUrtika bhI hai| 'jo amUrtika haiM, vaha apauruSeya hai' aisA anvaya milAnA cAhiye, parantu 'jo apauruSeya hai vaha amUrtika hai' aisA viparItAnvaya milAnA dRSTAntAbhAsa hai, kyoMki vijalI Adi apauruSeya hokara bhI amUrtika nahIM hai| ukta anumAnameM paramANa, indriyasukha aura AkAzakA dRSTAnta kramazaH asiddhasAdhyavyatireka, asiddha-sAdhanavyatireka aura asiddhobhaya-vyatireka hai, kyoMki paramANu apauruSeya hai, indriyasukha amUrtika hai, aura AkAza apauruSeya aura amUrlika donoM hai| ataH inameM una-una dharmokA vyatireka asiddha hai / 'jo apauruSeya nahIM haiM, ve amUrtika nahIM hai' aisA sAdhyAbhAvameM sAdhanAbhAvarUpa vyatireka dikhAyA jAnA cAhiye parantu 'jo amUrtika nahIM hai, vaha apauruSeya nahIM hai' isa prakArakA ulaTA vyatireka dikhAnA viparIta 1. praza0 bhA0pR0 247 / 2. nyAyabi0 311251-136 /

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pramANamImAMsA 303 vyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa hai, kyoMki bijalI Adise atiprasaMga doSa AtA hai| AcArya hemacandrake anusAra anya ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa ( 1 ) sandigdhasAdhyAnvaya-jaise yaha purupa rAgI hai, kyoMki vacana bolatA hai, rathyApuruSakI trh| (2) sandigdhasAdhanAnvaya-jaise yaha puruSa maraNadharmA hai, kyoMki yaha rAgI hai, rathyApuruSakI trh| ( 3 ) sandigdhobhayadharmAnvaya-jaise yaha puruSa kiMcijjJa hai, kyoMki rAgI hai, rathyApuruSakI trh| ina anumAnoMmeM cUMki parakI cittavRttikA jAnanA atyanta kaThina hai, ataH rAga aura kiMcijjJatvakI sattA sandigdha hai / (4-6 ) isI taraha inhIM anumAnoMmeM sAdhya-sAdhanabhUta rAga aura kiMcijjJatvakA vyatireka sandigdha honese sandigdhasAdhyavyatireka, sandigdhasAdhanavyatireka aura sandigdhobhayavyatireka nAmake vyatireka dRSTAntAbhAsa ho jAte haiN| (7-8 ) apradarzitAnvaya aura apradarzitavyatireka bhI dRSTAntAbhAsa hote haiM, yadi vyAptikA grAhaka tarka upasthita na kiyA jAya / 'yathAvat tathA' Adi zabdoMkA prayoga na honekI vajahase kisIko dRSTAntAbhAsa nahIM kahA jA sakatA; kyoMki vyAptike sAdhaka pramANakI upasthitimeM ina zabdoMke aprayogakA koI mahatva nahIM hai; aura ina zabdoMkA prayoga honepara bhI yadi vyAptisAdhaka pramANa nahIM hai, to ve nizcayase dRSTAntAbhAsa ho jaayeNge| bAdidevasarine ananvaya aura avyatireka ina do dRSTAntAbhAsoMkA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai, parantu AcArya hemacandra spaSTa likhate haiM ki ye svatantra dRSTAntAbhAsa nahIM haiM; kyoMki pUrvokta ATha-ATha dRSTAntAbhAsa ananvaya aura avyatirekake hI vistAra haiN| udAharaNAbhAsa : dRSTAntAbhAsake vacanako udAharaNAbhAsa kahate haiN| udAharaNAbhAsameM vastugata doSa aura vacanagata doSa donoM zAmila ho sakate haiN| ataH inheM udAharaNAbhAsa kahanepara hI apradarzitAnvaya, viparItAnvaya, pradarzitavyatireka, viparIta vyatireka jaise vacanadoSoMkA saMgraha ho sakatA hai, dRSTAntAbhAsameM to kevala vastugata doSoMkA hI saMgraha honA nyAyya hai|

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304 jainadarzana bAlaprayogAbhAsa' : ___ yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki udAharaNa, upanaya aura nigamana bAlabuddhi ziSyoMke samajhAneke lie anumAnake avayavarUpameM svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| jo adhikArI jitane avayavoMse samajhate haiM, unake liye unase kamakA prayoga bAlaprayogAbhAsa hogaa| kyoMki jinheM jitane vAkyase samajhanekI Adata par3I huI hai, unheM usase kamakA bolanA aTapaTA lagegA aura unheM utane mAtrase spaSTa arthabodha bhI nahIM ho skegaa| AgamAbhAsa : rAga, dveSa aura mohase yukta aprAmANika puruSake vacanoMse honevAlA jJAna AgamAbhAsa hai / jaise--koI puruSa baccoMke upadravase taMga Akara unheM bhagAnekI icchAse kahe ki 'bacco, nadIke kinAre laDDU baTa rahe haiM daudd'o|' isI prakArake rAga-dveSa-mohaprayukta vAkma AgamAbhAsa kahe jAte haiM / sakhyAbhAsa : mukhyarUpase pramANake do bheda kiye gaye haiM-eka pratyakSa aura dUsarA parokSa / isakA ullaMghana karanA arthAt eka, yA tIna Adi pramANa mAnanA saMkhyAbhAsa hai; kyoMki eka pramANa mAnane para cArvAka pratyakSase hI paralokAdikA niSedha, parabuddhi AdikA jJAna, yahA~ taka ki svayaM pratyakSakI pramANatAkA samarthana bhI nahIM kara sktaa| ina kAryoMke lie use anumAna mAnanA hI pdd'egaa| isI taraha bauddha, sAMkhya, naiyAyika, prAbhAkara aura jaiminIya apane dvArA svIkRta do, tIna, cAra, pA~ca aura chaha pramANoMse vyAptikA jJAna nahIM kara sakate / unheM vyAptigrAhI tarkako svatantra pramANa mAnanA hI caahiye| isa taraha tarkako atirikta pramANa mAnane para unakI nizcita pramANa-saMkhyA bigar3a jAtI hai / naiyAyikake upamAnakA sAdRzyapratyabhijJAname, prabhAkarakI arthApattikA anumAnameM aura jaiminIyake abhAva pramANakA yathAsambhava pratyakSAdi pramANoMmeM hI antarbhAva ho jAtA hai| ataH yAvat vizadajJAnoMkA, jinameM ekadezavizada indriya aura mAnasa pratyakSa bhI zAmila haiM, pratyakSapramANameM, tathA samasta avizadajJAnoMkA, jinameM smaraNa, 1. parIkSAmukha]6 // 46-50 / 2. parIkSAmukha 6 / 51-54 / 3. parIkSAmukha 6155-60 /

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pramANamImAMsA pratyabhijJAna, tarka, anumAna aura Agama haiM, parokSapramANameM antarbhAva karake pramANake pratyakSa aura parokSa ye do hI bheda svIkAra karanA cAhiye / inake avAntara bheda bhI pratibhAsabheda aura AvazyakatAke AdhArase hI kiye jAne caahiye| viSayAbhAsa: eka hI sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka padArtha pramANakA viSaya hai, yaha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai| yadi kevala sAmAnya, kevala vizeSa yA sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoMko svatantra-svatantrarUpameM pramANakA viSaya mAnA jAtA hai, to ye saba viSayAbhAsa hai, kyoMki padArthakI sthiti sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka aura utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmakarUpameM hI upalabdha hotI hai| pUrvaparyAyakA tyAga, uttaraparyAyakI utpatti aura dravyarUpase sthiti isa trayAtmakatAke binA padArtha koI bhI arthakriyA nahIM kara sktaa| lokavyavasthA' Adi prakaraNoMmeM hama isakA vistArase varNana kara Aye haiN| yadi sarvathA nitya sAmAnya AdirUpa padArtha arthakriyAkArI hoM, to samarthake lie kAraNAntaroMkI apekSA na honese samasta kAryoMkI utpatti ekasAtha ho jAnI caahiye| aura yadi asamartha haiM, to kAryotpatti bilakula hI nahIM honI cAhiye / 'sahakArI kAraNoMke milanepara kAryotpatti hotI hai' isakA sIdhA artha hai ki sahakArI usa kAraNakI asAmarthyako haTAkara sAmarthya utpanna karate haiM aura isa taraha vaha utpAda aura vyayakA AdhAra bana jAtA hai| sarvathA kSaNika padArthameM dezakRta krama na honeke kAraNa kAryakAraNabhAva aura kramika kAryotpattikA nirvAha nahIM ho sktaa| pUrvakA uttarake sAtha koI vAstavika sthira sambandha na honese kAryakAraNabhAvamUlaka samasta jagatake vyavahAroMkA uccheda ho jaaygaa| baddhako hI mokSa to taba ho sakatA hai jaba eka hI anusyUta citta prathama ba~dhe aura vahI chUTe / hiMsakako hI pApakA phala bhoganekA avasara taba A sakatA hai, jaba hiMsAkriyAse lekara phala bhogane taka usakA vAstavika astitva aura paraspara sambandha ho / __ina viSayAmAsoMmeM brahmavAda aura zabdAdvaitavAda nitya padArthakA pratinidhitva karanevAlI upaniSaddhArAse nikale haiN| sAMkhyakA eka pradhAna arthAt prakRtivAda bhI kevala sAmAnyavAdameM AtA hai / pratikSaNa padArthoMkA vinAza mAnanA aura paraspara vizakalita kSaNika paramANuoMkA puJja mAnanA kevala vizeSavAdameM sammilita hai / tathA sAmAnyako svatantra padArtha aura dravya, guNa, karma Adi vizeSoMko pRthak svatantra padArtha mAnanA paraspara-nirapekSa ubhayavAdameM zAmila hai| 1. viSayAmAsaH sAmAnyaM vizeSo dvayaM bA svatantram' / -~-parIkSAmukha 661-65 / 20

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306 jainadarzana brahmavAdavicAra : vedAntIkA pUrvapakSa : vedAntI jagatameM kevala eka brahmako hI sat mAnate haiN| vaha kUTastha nitya aura aparivartanazIla hai| vaha sat rUpa hai / 'hai' yaha astitva hI usa mahAsattAkA sabase prabala sAdhaka pramANa hai| cetana aura acetana jitane bhI bheda haiM, ve saba isa brahmake pratibhAsamAtra haiM / unakI sattA prAtibhAsika yA vyAvahArika hai, pAramArthika nhiiN| jaise eka agAdha samudra vAyuke vegase aneka prakArakI bIcI, taraMga, phena, bubuda Adi rUpoMmeM pratibhAsita hotA hai, usI taraha eka sat brahma avidyA yA mAyAkI vajahase aneka jar3a-cetana, jIvAtmA-paramAtmA aura dhaTa-paTa Adi rUpase pratibhAsita hotA hai| yaha to dRSTi-sRSTi hai / avidyAke kAraNa apanI pRthak sattA anubhava karanevAlA prANI avidyAmeM hI baiThakara apane saMskAra aura vAsanAoMke anusAra jagatako aneka prakArake bheda aura prapaJcake rUpameM dekhatA hai| eka hI padArtha aneka prANiyoMko apanI-apanI vAsanA-dUSita dRSTike anusAra vibhinna rUpoMmeM dikhAI detA hai| avidyAke haTa jAnepara sat, cit aura AnandarUpa brahmameM laya ho jAnepara samasta prapaMcoMse rahita nirvikalpa brahma-sthiti prApta hotI hai / jisa prakAra vizuddha AkAzako timirarogI aneka prakArakI citra-vicitra rekhAoMse khacita aura citrita dekhatA hai, usI taraha avidyA yA mAyAke kAraNa eka hI brahma aneka hotA hai / jo bhI jagatameM thA, hai aura hogA vaha saba brahma hI hai| yahI brahma samasta vizvakI utpatti, sthiti aura pralayameM usI taraha kAraNa hotA hai, jisa prakAra makar3I apane jAlake lie, candrakAntamaNi jalake lie aura vaTa vRkSa apane prarohoMke lie kAraNa hotA hai| jitanA bhI bheda hai, vaha saba atAttvika aura jhUThA hai| 1. 'sarvaM khalvidaM brahma' -chAndo0 3 / 14 / 1 / / 2. 'yathA vizuddhamAkAzaM timiropapluto janaH / saMkIrNamiva mAtrAbhizcitrAbhirabhimanyate // tathedamamalaM brahma nirvikAramavidyayA / kaluSatvamivApannaM bhedarUpaM prapazyati // ' -bRhadA0 bhA0 vaa035| 43-44 / 3. 'yathorNanAbhiH sRjate gRhRte ca ..'-muNDakopa0 1117 /

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pramANamImAMsA yadyapi 'AtmazravaNa, manana aura dhyAnAdi bhI bhedarUpa honeke kAraNa avidyAtmaka hai, phira bhI unase vidyAkI prApti saMbhava hai| jaise dhUlise gaMdale pAnImeM katakaphala yA phiTakarIkA cUrNa, jo ki svayaM bhI dhUlirUpa hI hai, DAlanepara eka dhUli dUsarI dhUliko zAnta kara detI hai aura svayaM bhI zAnta hokara jalako svaccha avasthAmeM pahu~cA detI hai| athavA jaise eka viSa dUsare viSako nAzakara niroga avasthAko prApta karA detA hai, usI taraha AtmazravaNa, manana AdirUpa avidyA bhI rAga-dveSa-moha AdirUpa mUla-avidyAko naSTa kara svagatabhedake zAnta honepara nirvikalpa svarUpAvasthA prApta ho jAtI hai| atAttvika anAdikAlIna avidyAke ucchedake lie hI mumukSuoMkA prayatna hotA hai / yaha avidyA tattvajJAnakA prAgabhAva hai / ataH anAdi honepara bhI usakI nivRtti usI taraha ho jAtI hai jisa prakAra ki ghaTadi kAryoMkI utpatti honepara unake prAgabhAvoMkI / ___ isa brahmakA grAhaka sanmAtragrAhI nirvikalpaka pratyakSa hai| vaha mUka baccoMke jJAnakI taraha zuddha vastujanya aura zabdasamparkase zanya nirvikalpa hotA hai| 'avidyA brahmase bhinna hai yA abhinna' ityAdi vicAra bhI aprastuta haiM, kyoMki ye vicAra vastusparzI hote haiM aura avidyA hai avastu / kisI bhI vicArako sahana nahIM karanA hI avidyAkA avidyAtva hai| jainakA uttarapakSa : kintu, pratyakSasiddha Thosa aura tAttvika jar3a aura cetana padArthoMkA mAtra avidyAke havAI prahArase niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / vijJAnako prayogazAlAoMne ananta jar3a paramANuoMkA pRthak tAttvika astitva siddha kiyA hI hai| tumhArA kalpita brahma hI una tathya aura satyasAdhaka prayogazAlAoMmeM siddha nahIM ho sakA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki hama apanI zabdasaMketakI vAsanAke anusAra kisI paramANusamudAyako ghaTa, ghar3A, kalaza Adi aneka zabdasaMketoMse vyakta kareM aura isa vyaktikaraNakI apanI sImita maryAdA bhI ho, para itane mAtrase una paramANuoMkI 1. 'yathA payo payo'ntaraM jarayati svayaM ca jIryati; yathA viSaM viSAntaraM zamayati svayaM ca zAmyati, yathA bA katakara jo rajo'ntarAvile pAthasi prakSiptaM rajo'ntarANi bhindat svayapi bhidyamAnamanAvilaM pAthaH karoti, evaM karma avidyAtmakapi avidyAntarANi apagamayat svayamapyapagacchatIti / ' -brahmasU0 zAM0 bhA0 bhA0 pR0 32 / 2. 'avidyAyA avidyAtve idameva ca lakSaNam / mAnAghAtAsahiSNutvamasAdhAraNamiSyate ||'-smbndhvaa0 kA0 181 /

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308 jainadarzana sattAse aura paramANuoMse bane hue viziSTa AkAravAle Thosa padArthoMkI sattAse inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / svatantra, vajanavAle aura apane guNadharmoke akhaNDa AdhArabhUta una paramANuoMke vyaktitvakA abhedagAminI dRSTike dvArA vilaya nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| una sabameM abhinna sattAkA darzana hI kAlpanika hai| jaise ki apanI pRthak-pRthaka sattA rakhanevAle chAtroMke samudAyameM sAmAjika bhAvanAse kalpita kiyA gayA eka 'chAtramaNDala' mAtra vyavahArasatya hai, vaha samajha aura samajhauteke anusAra saMgaThita aura vighaTita bhI kiyA jAtA hai, usakA vistAra aura saMkoca bhI hotA hai aura antataH usakA bhAvanAke sivAya vAstavika koI Thosa astitva nahIM hai, usI taraha eka 'sat sat ke AdhArase kalpita kiyA gayA abheda apanI sImAoMmeM saMghaTita aura vighaTita hotA rahatA hai| isa eka satkA hI astitva vyAvahArika aura prAtibhAsika hai, na ki ananta cetana dravyoM aura ananta acetana prmaannuoNkaa| asaMkhya prayatna karanepara bhI jagatake raMgamaJcase eka bhI paramANukA astitva nahIM miTAyA jA sakatA / dRSTisRSTi to usa zaturmurga jaisI bAta hai jo apanI A~khoMko banda karake gardana nIcI kara samajhatA hai ki jagatameM kucha nahIM hai| apanI A~kheM kholane yA banda karanese jagatake astitva yA nAstitvakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| jA~kheM banda karanA aura kholanA apratibhAsa, pratibhAsa yA vicitra pratibhAsase sambandha rakhatA hai, na ki vijJAnasiddha kAryakAraNaparamparAse pratibaddha padArthoM ke astitvase / kisI svayaMsiddha padArthameM vibhinna rAgI, dveSI aura mohI puruSoM ke dvArA kI jAnevAlI iSTa-aniSTa, acchI-burI, hita-ahita Adi kalpanAe~ bhale hI dRSTi-sRSTikI sImAmeM AveM aura unakA astitva usa vyaktike pratibhAsa taka hI sImita ho aura vyAvahArika ho, para usa padArthakA aura usake rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi vAstavika guNa-dharmoMkA astitva apanA svayaM hai, kisIkI dRSTine unakI sRSTi nahIM kI hai aura na kisIkI vAsanA yA rAgase unakI utpatti huI hai| bheda vastuoMmeM svAbhAvika hai| vaha na kevala manuSyoMko hI, kintu saMsArake pratyeka prANIko apane-apane pratyakSajJAnoMmeM svataH pratibhAsita hotA hai| ananta prakArake viruddhadharmAdhyAsoMse siddha deza, kAla aura AkArakRta bheda padArthoke nijI svarUpa haiN| balki carama abheda hI kalpanAkA viSaya hai| usakA patA taba taka nahIM lagatA jabataka koI vyakti usakI sImA aura paribhASAko na samajhA de| abhedamUlaka saMgaThana banate aura bigar3ate haiM, jaba ki bheda apanI sthirabhUmipara jaisA hai, vaisA hI rahatA hai, na vaha banatA hai aura na vaha bigar3atA hai /

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pramANamImAMsA 309 Ajake vijJAnane apanI prayogazAlAoMse yaha siddha kara diyA hai ki jagatake pratyeka aNu-paramANu apanA pRthak astitva rakhate haiM aura sAmagrIke anusAra unameM anekavidha parivartana hote rahate haiN| lAkha prayatna karane para bhI kisI paramANukA astitva nahIM miTAyA jA sakatA aura na koI dravya nayA utpanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha sArI jagatakI lIlA unhIM paramANuoMke nyUnAdhika saMyoga-viyogajanya vicitra pariNamanoMke kAraNa ho rahI hai| yadi eka hI brahmakA jagatameM mUlabhUta astitva ho aura ananta jIvAtmA kalpita bhedake kAraNa hI pratibhAsita hote hoM; to parasparaviruddha sadAcAra, durAcAra Adi kriyAoMse honevAlA puNya-pApakA bandha aura unake phala sukha-duHkha Adi nahIM bana skeNge| jisa prakAra eka zarIrameM sirase paira taka sukha aura duHkhakI anubhUti akhaNDa hotI hai, bhale hI phor3A pairameM hI huA ho, yA per3A mukhameM hI khAyA gayA ho, usI taraha samasta prANiyoMmeM yadi mUlabhUta eka brahmakA hI sadbhAva hai to akhaNDabhAvase sabako eka jaisI sukha-duHkhakI anubhUti honI cAhiye thii| eka anirvacanIya avidyA yA mAyAkA sahArA lekara ina jalate hue praznoMko nahIM sulajhAyA jA sktaa| brahmako jagatakA upAdAna kahanA isalie asaMgata hai, ki eka hI upAdAnase vibhinna sahakAriyoMke milane para bhI jar3a aura cetana, mUrta aura amUrta jaise atyanta virodhI kArya utpanna nahIM ho skte| eka-upAdAnajanya kAryoMmeM ekarUpatAkA anvaya avazya dekhA jAtA hai| 'brahma krIr3Ake lie jagatako utpanna karatA hai yaha kahanA eka prakArakI khilavAr3a hai| jaba brahmase bhinna koI dayA karane yogya prANI hI nahIM hai; taba vaha kisapara dayA karake bhI jagatako utpanna karanekI bAta socatA hai ? aura jaba brahmase bhinna avidyA vAstavika hai hI nahIM; taba AtmazravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana Adike dvArA kisakI nivRtti kI jAtI hai ? ___ avidyAko tattvajJAnakA prAgabhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; kyoMki yadi vaha sarvathA abhAvarUpa hai, to bhedajJAnarUpI kArya utpanna nahIM kara sakegI ? eka viSa svayaM sat hokara, pUrva viSako, jo ki svayaM sat hokara hI murchAdi kArya kara rahA thA, zAnta kara sakatA hai aura use zAnta kara svayaM bhI zAnta ho sakatA hai| isameM do sat padArthoM meM hI bAdhyabAdhakabhAva siddha hotA hai| jJAnameM vidyAtva yA avidyAtvakI vyavasthA bheda yA abhedako grahaNa karaneke kAraNa nahIM hai| yaha vyavasthA to saMvAda aura visaMvAdase hotI hai aura saMvAda abhedakI taraha bhedameM bhI nirvivAda rUpase dekhA jAtA hai /

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jainadarzana ___ avidyAko bhinnAbhinnAdi vicAroMse dUra rakhanA bhI ucita nahIM hai| kyoMki itaretarAbhAva Adi avastu honepara bhI bhinnAbhinnAdi vicAroMke viSaya hote haiM, tathA gur3a aura mizrIke paraspara miThAsakA tAratamya vastu hokara bhI vicArakA viSaya nahIM ho paataa| ataH pratyakSasiddha bhedakA lopa kara kAlpanika abhedake AdhArase paramArtha brahmakI kalpanA karanA vyavahAraviruddha to hai hI, pramANa-viruddha bhI hai| hA~, pratyeka dravya apanemeM advaita hai| vaha apanI guNa aura paryAyoMmeM aneka prakArase bhAsamAna hotA hai; kintu yahA~ yaha jAna lenA Avazyaka hai ki ve guNa aura paryAyarUpa bheda dravyameM vAstavika haiM, kevala prAtibhAsika aura kAlpanika nahIM haiN| dravya svayaM apane utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya svabhAvake kAraNa una-una paryAyoMke rUpase pariNata hotA hai| ataH eka dravyameM advaita hokara bhI bhedakI sthiti utanI hI satya hai jitanI ki abhedkii| paryAyeM bhI dravyakI taraha vastusat haiM; kyoMki ve usakI paryAyeM haiM / yaha ThIka hai ki sAdhanA karate samaya yogIko dhyAna-kAlameM aisI nirvikalpa avasthA prApta ho sakatI hai, jisameM jagatke ananta bheda yA svaparyAyagata bheda bhI pratibhAsita na hokara mAtra advaita AtmAkA sAkSAtkAra ho, para itane mAtrase jagatkI sattAkA lopa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ___'jagata kSaNabhaMgura hai, saMsAra svapna hai, mithyA hai, gaMdharvanagarakI taraha pratibhAsamAtra hai' ityAdi bhAvanAe~ haiN| inase cittako bhAvita karake usakI pravRttiko jagatake viSayoMse haTAkara AtmalIna kiyA jAtA hai / bhAvanAoMse tattvakI vyavasthA nahIM hotii| usake lie to sunizcita kAryakAraNabhAvakI paddhiti aura tanmUlaka prayoga hI apekSita hote haiN| jainAcArya bhI anitya bhAvanAmeM saMsArako mithyA aura svapnavat asatya kahate haiN| para usakA prayojana kevala vairAgya aura upekSAvattiko jAgRta karanA hai / ataH bhAvanAoMke balase tattvajJAnake yogya cittakI bhUmikA taiyAra honepara bhI tattvavyavasthAmeM usake upayoga karanekA mithyA krama chor3a hI denA cAhiye / ___'eka hI brahmake saba aMza haiM, parasparakA bheda jhUThA hai, ataH sabako milakarake premapUrvaka rahanA cAhiye' isa prakArake udAra uddezyase brahmavAdake samarthanakA DhaMga kevala audAryake prakArakA kalpita sAdhana ho sakatA hai| Ajake bhAratIya dArzanika yaha kahate nahIM aghAte ki 'darzanakI carama kalpanAkA vikAsa advaitavAdameM hI ho sakatA hai|' to kyA darzana kevala kalpanAkI daur3a hai ? yadi darzana mAtra kalpanAkI sImAmeM hI khelanA cAhatA hai, to samajha lenA

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pramANamImAMsA cAhiye ki vijJAnake isa susambaddha kAryakAraNabhAvake yugameM usakA koI viziSTa sthAna nahIM rahane paaygaa| Thosa vastukA AdhAra chor3akara kevala dimAgI kasaratameM par3e rahaneke kAraNa hI Aja bhAratIyadarzana aneka virodhAbhAsoMkA ajAyabaghara banA huA hai| darzanakA kevala yahI kAma thA ki vaha svayaMsiddha padArthoMkA samucita vargIkaraNa karake unakI vyAkhyA karatA, kintu usane prayojana aura upayogakI dRSTise padArthoMkA kAlpanika nirmANa hI zurU kara diyA hai ! vibhinna pratyayoMke AdhArase padArthoMkI pRthak-pRthak sattA mAnanekA krama hI galata hai| eka hI padArthameM avasthAbhedase vibhinna pratyaya ho sakate haiM / 'eka jAtikA honA' aura 'eka honA' bilkula judI bAta hai / 'sarvatra 'sat sat' aisA pratyaya honeke kAraNa sanmAtra eka tattva hai|' yaha vyavasthA denA kevala nirI kalpanA hI hai, kintu pratyakSAdise bAdhita bhI hai| do padArtha vibhinnasattAke hote hue bhI sAdRzyake kAraNa samAnapratyayake viSaya ho sakate haiM / padArthoMkA vargIkaraNa sAdRzyake kAraNa 'eka jAtika' ke rUpameM yadi hotA hai to isakA artha yaha kadApi nahIM ho sakatA ki ve saba padArtha 'eka hI' haiM / ananta jar3a paramANuoMko sAmAnyalakSaNase eka pudgaladravya yA ajIvadravya jo kahA jAtA hai vaha jAtikI apekSA hai, vyaktiyA~ to apanA pRthaka-pRthak sattA rakhane vAlI judI-judI hI haiN| isI taraha ananta jar3a aura ananta cetana padArthoMko eka dravyatvakI dRSTise eka kahanepara bhI unakA apanA pRthak vyaktitva samApta nahIM ho jaataa| isI taraha dravya, guNa, paryAya Adiko eka satkI dRSTise sanmAtra kahanepara bhI unake dravya aura dravyAMza rUpake astitvameM koI bAdhA nahIM AnI cAhiye / ye saba kalpanAe~ sAdRzya-mUlaka haiM, na ki ekatva-mUlaka / ekatva-mUlaka abheda to pratyeka dravyakA apane guNa aura paryAyoMke sAtha hI ho sakatA hai vaha apanI kAlakramase honevAlI ananta paryAyoMkI avicchinna dhArA hai, jo sajAtIya aura vijAtIya dravyAntaroMse asaMkrAnta rahakara anAdi ananta pravAhita hai| isa taraha pratyeka dravyakA advaita tAttvika aura pAramArthika hai, kintu ananta akhaNDa dravyoMkA 'sat' isa sAmAnyadRSTise kiyA jAnevAlA sAdRzyamUlaka saMgaThana kAlpanika aura vyAvahArika hI hai pAramArthika nhiiN| ho / amuka bhU-khaNDakA nAma amuka deza rakhanepara bhI vaha deza koI dravya nahIM bana jAtA aura na usakA manuSyake bhAvoMke atirikta koI bAhyameM pAramArthika sthAna hI hai| 'senA, vana' ityAdi saMgraha-mUlaka vyavahAra zabdaprayogakI sahajatAke lie haiM; na ki inake pAramArthika astitva sAdhanake lie| ataH advaitako kalpanAkA

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312 jainadarzana caramavikAsa kahakara khuza honA svayaM usakI vyAvahArika aura prAtibhAsika sattAko ghoSita karanA hai / hama vaijJAnika prayoga karanepara bhI do paramANuoMko ananta kAlake lie avibhAgI ekadra vya nahIM banA sakate, yAnI ekakI sattAkA lopa vijJAnako bhaTTI bhI nahIM kara sktii| tAtparya yaha hai ki dimAgI kalpanAoMko padArthavyavasthAkA AdhAra nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| ___ yaha ThIka hai ki hama pratibhAsake binA padArthakA astitva dUsareko na samajhA sakeM aura na svayaM samajha sakeM, parantu itane mAtrase usa padArthako 'pratibhAsasvarUpa' hI to nahIM kahA jA sakatA ? a~dheremeM yadi binA prakAzake hama ghaTAdi padArthoMko nahIM dekha sakate aura na dUsaroMko dikhA sakate haiM; to usakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM ho sakatA ki ghaTAdi padArtha 'prakAzarUpa' ho haiM / padArthoM kI apane kAraNoMse apanIapanI svatantra sattAe~ haiM aura prakAzakI apane kAraNoMse / phira bhI jaise donoMmeM prakAzya-prakAzakabhAva hai usI taraha pratibhAsa aura padArthoMmeM pratibhAsya-pratibhAsakabhAva hai| donoMkI eka sattA kadApi nahIM ho sktii| ataH parama kAlpanika saMgrahanayakI dRSTi se samasta jagatake padArthoMko eka 'sat' bhale hI kaha diyA jAya, para yaha kahanA usI taraha eka kAlpanika zabdasaMketamAtra hai, jisa taraha duniyA~ke ananta AmoMko eka Ama zabdase khnaa| jagatakA hara padArtha apane vyaktitvake lie saMgharSa karatA dikhalAI de rahA hai aura prakRtikA niyama alpakAlake lie usake astitvako dUsarese sambaddha karake bhI use antameM svatantra hI rahanekA vidhAna karatA hai| jar3aparamANuoMmeM isa sambandhakA silasilA parasparasaMyogake kAraNa banatA aura bigar3atA rahatA hai, parantu cetanatattvoMmeM isakI bhI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai| sabakI apanI-apanI anubhUtiyA~, vAsanAe~ aura prakRtiyA~ judI-judI haiN| unameM samAnatA ho sakatI hai, ekatA nhiiN| isa taraha ananta bhedoMke bhaNDArabhUta isa vizvameM eka advaitakI bAta sundara kalpanAse adhika mahattva nahIM rkhtii| jaina darzanameM isa prakArakI kalpanAoMko saMgrahanayameM sthAna dekara bhI eka zarta lagA dI hai ki koI bhI naya apane pratipakSI nayase nirapekSa hokara satya nahIM ho sktaa| yAnI bhedase nirapekSa abheda paramArthasatakI padavIpara nahIM pahu~ca sktaa| use yaha kahanA hI hogA ki 'ina svayaM siddha bhedoMmeM isa dRSTise abheda kahA jA sakatA hai|' jo naya pratipakSI nayake viSayakA nirAkaraNa karake ekAntakI ora jAtA hai vaha durnaya hai-nayAbhAsa hai| ataH sanmAtra advaita saMgrahanayakA viSaya nahIM hotA, kintu saMgrahanayAbhAsakA viSaya hai|

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pramANamImAMsA zabdAdvaitavAdasamIkSA : pUrvapakSa: bhartRhari Adi vaiyAkaraNa jagatameM mAtra eka 'zabda'ko paramArtha sat kahakara samasta vAcya-vAcakatattvako usI zabdabrahmakA vivarta mAnate haiM / yadyapi upaniSadeM zabdabrahma aura parabrahmakA varNana AtA hai aura usameM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki zabdabrahmameM niSNAta vyakti parabrahmako prApta karatA hai| inakA kahanA hai ki saMsArake samasta jJAna zabdAnuviddha hI anubhavameM Ate haiN| yadi pratyayoMmeM zabdasaMsparza na ho to unakI prakAzarUpatA hI samApta ho jAyagI / jJAnameM vAgarUpatA zAzvatI hai aura vahI usakA prANa hai| saMsArakA koI bhI vyavahAra zabdake binA nahIM hotaa| avidyAke kAraNa saMsArameM nAnA prakArakA bheda-prapaJca dikhAI detA hai / vastutaH sabhI usI zabdabrahmakI hI paryAyeM haiM / jaise eka hI jala vIcI, taraMga, budbuda aura phena Adike AkArako dhAraNa karatA hai, usI taraha eka hI zabdabrahma vAcya-vAcakarUpase kAlpanika bhedoMmeM vibhAjita-sA dikhatA hai| bheda DAlanevAlI avidyAke nAza hone para samasta prapaJcoMse rahita nirvikalpa zabdabrahmakI pratIti ho jAtI hai| uttarapakSa : kintu isa zabdabrahmavAdakI prakriyA usI taraha dUSita hai, jisa prakAra ki pUrvokta brhmaadvaitvaadkii| yaha ThIka hai ki zabda, jJAnake prakAza karanekA eka samartha mAdhyama hai aura dUsare taka apane bhAvoM aura vicAroMko binA zabdake nahIM bhejA jA sakatA / para isakA yaha artha nahIM ho sakatA ki jagatameM eka zabdatattva hI hai / koI bUr3hA lAThIke binA nahIM cala sakatA to bUr3hA, lAThI, gati aura jamIna saba lAThIkI paryAyeM to nahIM ho sakatI ? aneka pratibhAsa aise hote haiM jinheM zabdakI svalpa zakti sparza bhI nahIM kara sakatI aura asaMkhya padArtha aise par3e hue haiM jina taka manuSyakA saMketa aura usake dvArA prayukta honevAle zabda nahIM pahuMca pAye haiN| ghaTAdi padArthoMko koI jAne, yA na jAne, unake vAcaka zabdakA prayoga kare, yA na kare; para unakA apanA astitva zabda aura jJAnake abhAvameM bhI hai hii| zabdarahita padArtha A~khase dikhAI detA hai aura artharahita zabda kAnase sunAI detA hai| yadi zabda aura arthameM tAdAtmya ho, to agni, patthara, churA Adi zabdoMko 1. 'anAdinidhanaM zabdabrahmatattvaM yadakSaram / vivartate'rthabhAvena prakriyA jagato yataH ||'-vaakyp0 1 / 1 / 2. 'zabdabrahmaNi niSNAtaH paraM brahmAdhigacchati |'-brhmbinduup0 22 /

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354 jainadarzana sunanese zrotrakA dAha, abhighAta aura chedana Adi honA caahiye| zabda aura artha bhinna deza, bhinna kAla aura bhinna AkAravAle hokara eka dUsarese nirapekSa vibhinna indriyoMse gRhIta hote haiM / ataH unameM tAdAtmya mAnanA yukti aura anubhava donoMse viruddha hai| jagatakA vyavahAra kevala zabdAtmaka hI to nahIM hai ? anya saMketa, sthApanA Adike dvArA bhI saikar3oM vyavahAra calate haiN| ataH zAbdika vyavahAra zabdake binA na bhI hoM; para anya vyavahAroMke calanemeM kyA bAdhA hai ? yadi zabda aura artha abhinna haiM; to aMdheko zabdake sunanepara rUpa dikhAI denA cAhiye aura bahareko rUpake dikhAI denepara zabda sunAI denA cAhiye / .. zabdase arthakI utpatti kahanA yA zabdakA artharUpase pariNamana mAnanA vijJAnasiddha kAryakAraNabhAvake sarvathA pratikUla hai| zabda tAlu Adike abhighAtase utpanna hotA hai aura ghaTAdi padArtha apane-apane kAraNoMse / svayaMsiddha donoMmeM saMketake anusAra vAcya-vAcakabhAva bana jAtA hai| jo upaniSadvAkya zabdabrahmakI siddhike liye diyA jAtA hai, usakA sIdhA artha to yaha hai ki do' vidyAe~ jagatameM upAdeya haiM-eka zabdavidyA aura dUsarI brhmvidyaa| zabdavidyAmeM niSNAta vyaktiko brahmavidyAkI prApti sahajameM ho sakatI hai| isameM zabdajJAna aura AtmajJAnakA utpatti-krama batAyA gayA hai, na ki jagatameM 'mAtra eka zabdatattva hai', isa pratItiviruddha avyAvahArika siddhAntakA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| sIdhI-sI bAta hai ki sAdhakako pahale zabdavyavahArameM kuzalatA prApta karanI cAhiye, tabhI vaha zabdoMkI ulajhanase Upara uThakara yathArtha tattvataka pahu~ca sakatA hai| avidyA aura mAyAke nAmase sunizcita kAryakAraNabhAvamUlaka jagatake vyavahAroMko aura ghaTapaTAdi bhedoMko kAlpanika aura asatya isalie nahIM ThaharAyA jA sakatA ki svayaM avidyA jaba bhedapratibhAsarUpa yA bhedapratibhAsarUpI kAryako utpanna karanevAlI honese vastusat siddha ho jAtI hai, taba vaha svayaM pRthak sat hokara usa advaitakI vighAtaka banatI hai| niSkarSa yaha ki avidyAkI taraha anya ghaTapaTAdibhedoMko vastusat honemeM kyA bAdhA hai| - sarvathA nitya zabdabrahmase na to kAryoMkI kramika utpatti ho sakatI hai aura na usakA kramika pariNamana hI; kyoMki nitya padArtha sadA ekarUpa, avikArI aura samartha honeke kAraNa kramika kArya yA pariNamanakA AdhAra nahIM ho sktaa| sarvathA nityameM pariNamana kaisA? 1. 've vidya veditavye zabdabrahma paraM ca yat |'-brhmbinduu0 22 !

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pramANamImAMsA 315 zabdabrahma jaba artharUpase pariNamana karatA hai, taba yadi zabdarUpatAko chor3a detA hai, to sarvathA nitya kahA~ rahA ? yadi nahIM chor3atA hai, to zabda aura artha donoMkA eka indriyake dvArA grahaNa honA cAhiye / eka zabdAkArase anusyUta honeke kAraNa jagatake samasta pratyayoMko ekajAtivAlA yA samAnajAtivAlA to kaha sakate haiM, para eka nhiiN| jaise ki eka miTTIke AkArase anusyUta honeke kAraNa ghaTa, surAhI, sakorA Adiko miTTIkI jAtikA aura miTTIse banA huA hI to kahA jAtA hai, na ki ina sabakI eka sattA sthApita kI jA sakatI hai| jagatakA pratyeka padArtha samAna aura asamAna donoM dharmoMkA AdhAra hotA hai| samAna dharmokI dRSTise unameM 'eka jAtika' vyavahAra honepara bhI apane vyaktigata asAdhAraNa svabhAvake kAraNa unakA svatantra astitva rahatA hI hai / prANoMko annamaya kahanekA artha yaha nahIM hai ki anna aura prANa eka vastu haiN| vizuddha AkAzameM timira-rogIko jo aneka prakArakI rekhAoMkA mithyA bhAna hotA hai, usameM mithyA-pratibhAsakA kAraNa timiraroga vAstavika hai, tabhI vaha vastusat AkAzameM vastusat rogIko mithyA pratIti karAtA hai| isI taraha yadi bhedapratibhAsakI kAraNabhUta avidyA vastusat mAnI jAtI hai; to zabdAdvaitavAda apane Apa samApta hai| ataH zuSka kalpanAke kSetrame nikalakara darzanazAstrameM hameM svasiddha padArthokI vijJAnAviruddha vyAkhyA karanI cAhiye, na ki kalpanAke AdhArase naye-naye padArthoM kI sRSTi / 'sabhI jJAna zabdAnvita hoM hI' yaha bhI aikAntika niyama nahIM hai; kyoMki bhASA aura saMketase anabhijJa vyaktiko padArthoMkA pratibhAsa hone para bhI tadvAcaka zabdoMkI yojanA nahIM ho paatii| ataH zabdAdvaitavAda bhI pratyakSAdise bAdhita hai| sAMkhyake 'pradhAna' sAmAnyavAdakI mImAMsA : pUrvapakSa: sAMkhya mUlameM do tattva mAnate haiN| eka prakRti aura dUsarA puruSa / puruSatattva vyApaka, niSkriya, kUTastha, nitya aura jJAnAdipariNAmase zUnya kevala cetana hai / yaha puruSatattva ananta hai, sabakI apanI-apanI svatantra sattA hai| prakRti, jise pradhAna bhI kahate haiM, pariNAmI-nitya hai / isameM eka avasthA tirohita hokara dUsarI avasthA AvirbhUta hotI hai| yaha eka hai, triguNAtmaka hai, viSaya hai, sAmAnya hai 1. "triguNamaviveki viSayaH sAmAnyamacetanaM prasavadharmi / vyaktaM tathA pradhAnaM tadviparItastathA ca pumAn // " -sAMkhyakA0 11 /

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316 jainadarzana aura mahAn Adi vikAroMko utpanna karatI hai| kAraNarUpa pradhAna 'avyakta' kahAM jAtA hai aura kAryarUpa 'vykt'| 'isa pradhAnase, jo ki vyApaka, niSkriya aura eka hai; sabase pahale viSayako nizcaya karanevAlI buddhi utpanna hotI hai| ise mahAn kahate haiM / mahAnse 'maiM sundara hU~, maiM darzanIya hU~' ityAdi ahaMkAra paidA hotA hai / ahaMkArase zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha ye pA~ca tanmAtrAe~; sparzana, rasanA, ghrANa, cakSu aura zrotra ye pA~ca jJAnendriyA~; vacana, hAtha, paira, malasthAna aura mUtrasthAna ye pA~ca karmendriyA~ tathA mana isa prakAra solaha gaNa paidA hote haiM / inameM zabdatanmAtrAse AkAza, sparzatanmAtrAse vAyu, rasatanmAtrAse jala, rUpatanmAtrAse agni aura gandhatanmAtrAse pRthvI isa prakAra pA~ca mahAbhUta utpanna hote haiM / prakRtise utpanna honevAle mahAn Adi teIsa vikAra prakRtike hI pariNAma haiM aura utpattike pahale prakRtirUpa kAraNameM inakA sadbhAva hai| isIlie sAMkhya satkAryavAdI mAne jAte haiN| isa satkAryavAdako siddha karaneke lie nimnalikhita pA~ca hetu diye jAte haiM 2 : (1) koI bhI asatkArya paidA nahIM hotaa| yadi kAraNameM kArya asat ho, to vaha kharaviSANakI taraha utpanna hI nahIM ho sktaa| (2) yadi kArya asat hotA, to loga pratiniyata upAdAna kAraNoMkA grahaNa kyoM karate ? kodoMke aMkurake lie kodoMke bIjakA boyA jAnA aura caneke bIjakA na boyA jAnA, isa bAtakA pramANa hai ki kAraNameM kArya sat hai| ( 3 ) yadi kAraNameM kArya asat hai, to sabhI kAraNoMse sabhI kArya utpanna honA cAhiye the| lekina sabase saba kArya utpanna nahIM hote| ataH jJAta hotA hai ki jinase jo utpanna hote haiM unameM una kAryoMkA sadbhAva hai| (4) pratiniyata kAraNoMkI pratiniyata kAryake utpanna karane meM hI zakti dekhI jAtI hai| samartha bhI hetu zakyakriya kAryako hI utpanna karate haiM, azakyako nhiiN| jo azakya hai vaha zakyakriya ho hI nahIM sktaa| (5) jagatameM kAryakAraNabhAva hI satkAryavAdakA sabase bar3A pramANa hai| bIjako kAraNa kahanA isa bAtakA sAkSI hai ki usameM hI kAryakA sadbhAva hai, anyathA use kAraNa hI nahIM kaha sakate the| 1. "prakRtermahAn tato'haGkAraH tasmAd gaNazca SoDazakaH / tasmAdapi SoDazakAt paJcabhyaH paJca bhUtAni // " -sAMkhyakA032 / 2. saaNkhykaa09|

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pramANamImAMsA 317 samasta jagatakA kAraNa eka pradhAna hai| eka pradhAna arthAt prakRtise yaha samasta jagata utpanna hotA hai| 'pradhAnase utpanna honevAle kArya parimita dekhe jAte haiN| unakI saMkhyA hai| sabameM sattva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMkA anvaya dekhA jAtA hai| hara kArya kisI-na-kisIko prasAda, lAghava, harSa, prIti ( sattvaguNake kArya), tApa, zoSa, udvega ( rajoguNake kArya ), dainya, bIbhatsa, gaurava ( tamoguNake kArya ) Adi bhAva utpanna karatA hai| yadi kAryoMmeM svayaM sattva, raja aura tama ye tIna guNa na hote; to vaha ukta bhAvoMmeM kAraNa nahIM bana sakatA thaa| pradhAnameM aisI zakti hai, jisase vaha mahAn Adi 'vyakta' utpanna karatA hai| jisa taraha ghaTAdi kAryoMko dekhakara unake miTTI Adi kAraNoMkA anumAna hotA hai, usI taraha 'mahAn' Adi kAryose unake utpAdaka pradhAnakA anumAna hotA hai / pralayakAlameM samasta kAryoMkA laya isI eka prakRtimeM ho jAtA hai| pA~ca mahAbhUta pA~ca tanmAtrAoMmeM, tanmAtrAdi solaha gaNa ahaMkArameM, ahaMkAra buddhimeM aura buddhi prakRtimeM lIna ho jAtI hai| usa samaya vyakta avyaktakA viveka nahIM rhtaa| 2inameM mUla prakRti kAraNa hI hotI hai aura gyAraha indriyA~ tathA pA~ca bhUta ye solaha kArya hI hote haiM aura mahAna, ahaMkAra tathA pA~ca tanmAtrAe~ ye sAta pUrvakI apekSA kArya aura uttarako apekSA kAraNa hote haiN| isa taraha eka sAmAnya pradhAna tattvase isa samasta jagatakA vipariNAma hotA hai aura pralayakAlameM usImeM unakA laya ho jAtA hai| puruSa jalameM kamalapatrakI taraha nirlipta hai, sAkSI hai, cetana hai aura nirguNa hai| prakRtisaMsargake kAraNa 'buddhirUpI mAdhyamake dvArA isameM bhogakI kalpanA kI jAtI hai / buddhi donoM orase pAradarzI darpaNake samAna hai / isa madhyabhUta buddhi darpaNameM eka orase indriyoM dvArA viSayoMkA pratibimba par3atA hai aura dUsarI orase puruSakI chaayaa| isa chAyApattike kAraNa puruSameM bhoganekA bhAna 1. "bhedAnAM parimANAt samanvayAt zaktitaH pravRttezca / kAraNakAryavibhAgAdavibhAgAd vaizvarUpyasya // " -sAMkhyakA0 15 / 2. "mUlaprakRtiravikRtiH mahAdAdyAH prakRtivikRtayaH sapta / poDazakastu vikAro na prakRtirna vikRtiH puruSaH // " -sAMkhyakA0 3 / 3. "buddhidarpaNe puruSapratibimbasaGakrAntireva buddhipratisaMveditvaM puMsaH / tathA ca dRzicchAyApannayA buddhayA saMsRSTAH zabdAdayo bhavanti dRzyA ityrthH|"-yogsuu0 tattvavai0 2 / 20 /

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318 jainadarzana hotA hai, yAnI pariNamana to buddhimeM hI hotA hai aura bhogakA bhAna puruSameM hotA hai| vahI buddhi puruSa aura padArtha donoMkI chAyAko grahaNa karatI hai| isa taraha ddhidarpaNameM donoMke pratibimbita honekA nAma hI bhoga hai| vaise puruSa to kUTasthanitya aura avikArI hai, usameM koI pariNamana nahIM hotaa| ____ba~dhatI bhI prakRti hI hai aura chUTatI bhI prakRti hI hai| prakRti eka vezyAke samAna hai| jaba vaha jAna letI hai ki isa puruSako 'maiM prakRtikA nahIM hU~, prakRti merI nahIM hai' isa prakArakA tattvajJAna ho gayA hai aura yaha mujhase virakta hai, taba vaha svayaM hatAza hokara puruSakA saMsarga chor3a detI hai| tAtparya yaha ki sArA khela isa prakRtikA hai| uttarapakSa : kintu sAMkhyakI isa tattvaprakriyAmeM sabase bar3e doSa ye haiN| jaba 'eka hI pradhAnakA astitva saMsAra meM hai, taba usa eka tattvase mahAn, ahaMkArarUpa cetana aura rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparzAdi acetana isa taraha paraspara virodhI do kArya kaise utpanna ho sakate haiM ? usI eka kAraNase abhUtika AkAza aura mUrtika pRthivyAdikI utpatti mAnanA bhI kisI taraha saMgata nahIM hai / eka kAraNa paraspara atyanta virodhI do kAryoMko utpanna nahIM kara sktaa| viSayoMkA nizcaya karanevAlI buddhi aura ahaMkAra cetanake dharma hai| inakA upAdAna kAraNa jar3a prakRti nahIM ho sktii| sattva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMke kArya jo prasAda, tApa, zoSa Adi batAye haiM, ve bhI cetanake hI vikAra hai| usameM prakRtiko upAdAna kahanA kisI bhI taraha saMgata nahIM hai| eka akhaNDa tattva eka hI samayameM paraspara virodhI cetana-acetana, mUrta-amUrta, sattvapradhAna, rajaHpradhAna, tamaHpradhAna Adi aneka virodhI kAryoMke rUpase kaise vAstavika pariNamana kara sakatA hai ? kisI AtmAmeM eka pustaka rAga utpanna karatI hai aura vahI pustaka dUsarI AtmAmeM dveSa utpanna karatI hai, to usakA artha nahIM hai ki pustaka meM rAga aura dveSa haiN| celana bhAvoMmeM cetana hI upAdAna ho sakatA hai, jar3a nahIM / svayaM rAga aura dveSase zUnya jar3a padArtha AtmAoMke rAga aura dveSake nimitta bana sakate haiN| 1. yadyapi maulika sAMkhyoMkA eka prAcIna pakSa yaha thA ki hara eka puruSake sAtha saMsarga rakhane vAlA 'pradhAna' judA-judA hai arthAt pradhAna aneka hai| jaisA ki SaTda0 samu0 guNaratnaTIkA ( pR0 99 ) ke isa avataraNase jJAta hotA hai-"maulikasAMkhyA hi AtmAnamAtmAnaM prati pRthak pravAnaM vadanti / uttare tu sAMkhyAH sarvAtmastrapi ekaM nityaM pradhAnamiti prtipnnaaH|" kintu sAMkhyakArikA Adi upalabdha sAMkhyagranthoM meM isa pakSa kA koI nirdeza taka nahIM miltaa|

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pramANamImAMsA 319 yadi bandha aura mokSa prakRtiko hI hote haiM, to puruSako kalpanA nirarthaka hai / buddhimeM viSayakI chAyA par3anepara bhI yadi puruSameM bhoktRtvarUpa pariNamana nahIM hotA, to use bhoktA kaise mAnA jAya ? puruSa yadi sarvathA niSkriya hai; to vaha bhogakriyAkA kartA bhI nahIM ho sakatA aura isIlie bhoktRtvake sAtha akartA puruSakI koI saMgati hI nahIM baitthtii| - mUla prakRti yadi nirvikAra hai aura utpAda aura vyaya kevala dharmoM meM hI hote haiM, to prakRtiko pariNAmI kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? kAraNameM kAryotpAdanakI zakti to mAnI jA sakatI hai, para kAryakAlakI taraha usakA prakaTa sadbhAva svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 'miTTImeM ghar3A apane AkArameM maujUda hai aura vaha kevala kumhArake vyApArase prakaTa hotA hai' isake sthAnameM yaha kahanA adhika upayukta hai ki 'miTTImeM sAmAnya rUpase ghaTAdi kAryoMke utpAdana karanekI zakti hai, kumhArake vyApAra AdikA nimitta pAkara vaha zaktivAlI miTTI apanI pUrvapiNDaparyAyako chor3akara ghaTaparyAyako dhAraNa karatI haiM', yAnI miTTI svayaM ghar3A bana jAtI hai / kArya dravyakI paryAya hai aura vaha paryAya kisI bhI dravyameM zaktirUpase hI vyavahRta ho sakatI hai| vastutaH prakRtike saMsargase utpanna honepara bhI buddhi, ahaMkAra Adi dharmokA AdhAra puruSa hI ho sakatA hai, bhale hI ye dharma prakRtisaMsargaja honese anitya hoN| abhinna svabhAvavAlI eka hI prakRti akhaNDa tattva hokara kaise ananta puruSoMke sAtha vibhinna prakArakA saMsarga eka sAtha kara sakatI hai ? abhinna svabhAva honeke kAraNa sabake sAtha eka prakArakA hI saMsarga honA caahiye| phira muktAtmAoMke sAtha asaMsarga aura saMsArI AtmAoMke sAtha saMsarga yaha bheda bhI vyApaka aura abhinna prakRtimeM kaise bana sakatA hai ? prakRtiko andhI aura puruSako paGga mAnakara donoMke saMsargase sRSTiko kalpanAkA vicAra sunanemeM sundara to lagatA hai, para jisa prakAra andha aura paGga donoMmeM saMsargakI icchA aura usa jAtikA pariNamana honepara hI sRSTi sambhava hotI hai, usI taraha jabataka puruSa aura prakRti donoMmeM svatantra pariNamanakI yogyatA nahIM mAnI jAyagI tabataka ekake pariNAmI honepara bhI na to saMsargakI sambhAvanA hai aura na sRSTikI hii| donoM eka dUsareke pariNamanoMmeM nimitta kAraNa ho sakate haiM, upAdAna nhiiN| __ eka hI caitanya harSa, viSAda, jJAna, vijJAna Adi aneka paryAyoMko dhAraNa karanevAlA saMvid-rUpase anubhavameM AtA hai / usImeM mahAn, ahaGkAra Adi saMjJAe~

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320 jainadarzana kI jA sakatI haiM, para ina vibhinna bhAvoMko cetanase bhinna jar3a-prakRtikA dharma nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / jalameM kamalakI taraha puruSa yadi sarvathA nirlipta hai, to prakRtigata pariNAmoMkA aupacArika bhoktRtva ghaTA denepara bhI vastutaH na to vaha bhoktA hI siddha hotA hai aura na cetayitA hii| ataH puruSako vAstavika utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyakA AdhAra mAnakara pariNAmI nitya hI svIkAra karanA cAhie / anyathA kRtanAza aura akRtAbhyAgama nAmake dUSaNa Ate haiN| jisa prakRtine kArya kiyA, baha to usakA phala nahIM bhogatI aura jo puruSa bhoktA hotA hai, vaha kartA nahIM hai / yaha asaMgati puruSako adhikArI mAnane meM banI hI rahatI hai| ___yadi 'vyakta' rUpa mahadAdi vikAra aura 'avyakta' rUpa prakRtimeM abheda hai, to mahadAdiko utpatti aura vinAzase prakRti alipta kaise raha sakatI hai ? ataH paraspara virodhI ananta kAryoMkI utpattike nirvAhake lie ananta hI prakRtitattva jude-jude mAnanA cAhiye, jisake vilakSaNa pariNamanoMse isa sRSTikA vaicitrya susaMgata ho sakatA hai / ve saba tattva eka prakRtijAtike ho sakate haiM yAnI jAtikI apekSA ve eka kahe jA sakate haiM; para sarvathA eka nahIM, unakA pRthak astitva rahanA hI cAhie / zabdase AkAza, rUpase agni ityAdi guNoMse guNIkI utpattikI bAta asaMgata hai / guNa guNIko paidA nahIM karatA, balki guNImeM hI nAnA guNa avasthAbhedase utpanna hote aura vinaSTa hote haiN| ghaTa, sakorA, surAhI Adi kAryoM meM miThThIkA anvaya dekhakara yahI to siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai ki inake utpAdaka paramANu eka miTTI jAtike haiN| satkAryavAdakI siddhike lie jo 'asadakaraNAt' Adi pA~ca hetu diye haiM, ve saba kathaJcit sad-asad kAryavAdameM hI sambhava ho sakate haiM / arthAt pratyeka kArya apane AdhArabhUta dravyameM zaktikI dRSTise hI sat kahA jA sakatA hai, paryAyakI dRSTise nhiiN| yadi paryAyakI dRSTise bhI sat ho; to kAraNoMkA vyApAra nirarthaka ho jAtA hai| upAdAna-upAdeyabhAva, zakya hetukA zakyakriya kAryako hI paidA karanA, aura kAraNakAryavibhAga Adi kathaMcit satkAryavAdameM hI sambhava haiN| triguNakA anvaya dekhakara kAryoMko eka jAtikA hI tI mAnA jA sakatA hai na ki eka kAraNase utpanna / samasta puruSoMmeM paraspara cetanatva aura bhoktRtva Adi dharmoMkA anvaya dekhA jAtA hai; para ve saba kisI eka kAraNase utpanna nahIM hue haiN| pradhAna aura puruSameM nityatva, sattva Adi dharmoMkA anvaya honepara bhI donoMkI eka kAraNase utpatti nahIM mAnI jaatii| yadi prakRti nityasvabhAva hokara tattvasRSTi yA bhUtasRSTimeM pravRtta hotI hai; to acetana prakRtiko yaha jJAna nahIM ho sakatA ki itanI hI tattvasRSTi honI cAhie

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pramANamImAMsA 321 aura yaha hI isakA upakAraka hai| aisI hAlatameM niyata pravRtti nahIM ho sktii| yadi ho, to pravRttikA anta nahIM A sktaa| 'puruSake bhogake lie maiM sRSTi karUM' yaha jJAna bhI acetana prakRtiko kaise ho sakatA hai ? / vezyAke dRSTAntase bandha-mokSakI vyavasthA jamAnA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki vezyAkA saMsarga uso puruSase hotA hai, jo svayaM usako kAmanA karatA hai, usI para usakA jAdU calatA hai| yAnI anurAga hone para Asakti aura virAga hone para viraktikA cakra tabhI calegA, jaba puruSa svayaM anurAga aura virAga avasthAoMko dhAraNa kare / koI vezyA svayaM anurakta hokara kisI pattharase nahIM ciptttii| ataH jaba taka puruSakA mithyAjJAna, anurAga aura virAga Adi pariNamanoMkA vAstavika AdhAra nahIM mAnA jAtA, taba taka bandha aura mokSakI prakriyA bana hI nahIM sktii| jaba usake svarUpabhUta caitanyakA hI prakRtisaMsargase vikArI pariNamana ho tabhI vaha mithyAjJAnI hokara viparyayamUlaka bandha-dazAko pA sakatA hai aura kaivalyakI bhAvanAse saMprajJAta aura asaMprajJAtarUpa samAdhimeM pahu~cakara jIvanmukta aura paramamukta dazAko pahu~ca sakatA hai| ataH puruSako pariNAmI nitya mAne binA na to pratItisiddha lokavyavahArakA hI nirvAha ho sakatA hai aura na pAramArthika loka-paraloka yA bandha-mokSavyavasthAkA hI susaMgata rUpa bana sakatA hai| yaha ThIka hai ki puruSake prakRtisaMsargase honevAle aneka pariNamana sthAyI yA nijasvabhAva nahIM kahe jA sakate, para isakA yaha artha bhI nahIM hai ki kevala prakRtike hI dharma haiM; kyoMki indriyAdike saMyogase jo buddhi yA ahaMkAra utpanna hotA hai, Akhira hai to vaha cetanadharma hii| cetana hI apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa sAmagrIke anusAra una-una paryAyoMko dhAraNa karatA hai| isalie ina saMyogajanya dharmoMmeM upAdAnabhUta puruSa inakI vaikArika javAbadArIse kaise baca sakatA hai ? yaha ThIka hai ki jaba prakRtisaMsarga chUTa jAtA hai aura puruSa mukta ho jAtA hai taba ina dharmoMkI utpatti nahIM hotI, jaba taka saMsarga rahatA hai tabhI taka utpatti hotI hai, isa taraha prakRtisaMsarga hI inakA hetu ThaharatA hai, parantu yadi puruSameM vikAra rUpase pariNamanakI yogyatA aura pravRtti na ho, to prakRtisaMsarga balAt usameM vikAra utpanna nahIM kara sakatA / anyathA mukta avasthAmeM bhI vikAra utpanna honA cAhiye; kyoMki vyApaka honese mukta AtmAkA prakRtisaMsarga to chUTA nahIM hai, saMyoga to usakA kAyama hai hii| prakRtiko caritArtha to isaliye kahA hai ki jo puruSa pahale usake saMsargase saMsArameM pravRtta hotA thA, vaha aba saMsaraNa nahIM krtaa| ataH caritArtha aura pravRtArtha vyavahAra bhI puruSakI orase hI hai, prakRtiko orase nhiiN| 21

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322 jainadarzana jaba puruSa svayaM rAga, virAga, viparyaya, viveka aura jJAna-vijJAnarUpa pariNamanoMkA vAstavika upAdAna hotA hai, taba use hama laMgar3A nahIM kaha skte| eka dRSTise prakRti na kevala andhI hai, kintu puruSake pariNamanoMke lie vaha la~gar3I bhI hai| 'jo kare vaha bhoge' yaha eka nirapavAda siddhAnta hai| ataH puruSameM jaba vAstavika bhoktRtva mAne binA cArA nahIM hai, taba vAstavika kartRtva bhI usImeM mAnanA hI ucita hai / jaba kartRtva aura bhoktRtva avasthAe~ puruSagata hI ho jAtI haiM, taba usakA kUTastha nityatva apane Apa samApta ho jAtA hai / utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyarUpa pariNAma pratyeka satkA aparihArya lakSaNa hai, cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, mUrta ho . yA amUrta, pratyeka sat pratikSaNa apane svAbhAvika pariNAmI svabhAvake anusAra eka paryAyako chor3akara dUsarI paryAyako dhAraNa karatA calA jA rahA hai| ye pariNamana sadRza bhI hote haiM aura visadRza bhii| pariNamanakI dhArAko to apanI gatise pratikSaNa bahanA hai / bAhyAbhyantara sAmagrIke anusAra usameM vividhatA barAbara AtI rahatI hai| sAMkhyake isa matako kevala sAmAnyavAdameM isalie zAmila kiyA hai ki usane prakRtiko eka, nitya, vyApaka aura akhaNDa tattva mAnakara use hI mUrta, amUrta Adi virodhI pariNamanoMkA sAmAnya AdhAra mAnA hai| vizeSapadArthavAda : bauddhakA pUrvapakSa : bauddha sAdhAraNatayA vizeSapadArthako hI vAstavika tattva mAnate haiN| svalakSaNa, cAhe cetana ho yA acetana, kSaNika aura paramANurUpa haiN| jo, jahA~ aura jisa kAlameM utpanna hotA hai vaha vahIM aura usI samaya naSTa ho jAtA hai / koI bhI padArtha dezAntara aura kAlAntarameM vyApta nahIM ho sakatA, vaha do dezoMko sparza nahIM kara sktaa| hara padArthakA pratikSaNa naSTa honA svabhAva hai| use nAzake lie kisI anya kAraNakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| agale kSaNakI utpattike jitane kAraNa haiM unase bhinna kisI anya kAraNakI apekSA pUrvakSaNake vinAzako nahIM hotI, vaha utane hI kAraNoMse ho jAtA hai, ataH use nirhetuka kahate haiM / nirhetukA artha 'kAraNoMke abhAvameM ho jAnA' nahIM hai, kintu 'utpAdake kAraNoMse bhinna kisI anya kAraNakI apekSA nahIM rakhanA' yaha hai| hara pUrvakSaNa svayaM vinaSTa hotA huA uttarakSaNako utpanna karatA jAtA hai aura isa taraha eka vartamAnakSaNa hI astitvameM 1. 'yo yatraiva sa tatraiva yo yadaiva tadaiba sH| na dezakAlayorvyAptirbhAvAnAmiha vidyate // ' ---uddhRta prameyaratnamAlA 4 / 1 /

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pramANamImAMsA 323 rahakara dhArAkI kramabaddhatAkA pratIka hotA hai| pUrvottara kSaNoMkI isa santatiparamparAmeM kAryakAraNabhAva aura bandha-mokSa AdikI vyavasthA bana jAtI hai| sthira aura sthUla ye donoM hI manakI kalpanA haiN| inakA pratibhAsa sadRza utpattimeM ekatvakA mithyA bhAna honeke kAraNa tathA puJjameM sambaddhabuddhi honeke kAraNa hotA hai| vicAra karake dekhA jAya, to jise hama sthUla padArtha kahate haiM, vaha mAtra paramANuoMkA puJja hI to hai| atyAsanna aura asaMsRSTa paramANuoMmeM sthUlatAkA bhrama hotA hai| eka paramANukA dUsare paramANuse yadi sarvAtmanA saMsarga mAnA jAtA hai; to do paramANu milakara eka ho jAyeMge aura isI kramase paramANuoMkA piNDa aNumAtra hI raha jaaygaa| yadi ekadezase saMsarga mAnA jAtA hai; to chahoM dizAoMke chaha paramANuoMke sAtha saMsarga rakhanevAle madhyavartI paramANuke chaha deza kalpanA karane pdd'eNge| ataH kevala paramANukA saJcaya hI indriyapratItikA viSaya hotA hai| arthakriyA hI paramArthasatkA vAstavika lakSaNa hai| koI bhI arthakriyA yA to kramase hotI hai yA yugapat / cU~ki 'nitya aura ekasvabhAvavAle padArthameM na to kramase arthakriyA sambhava hai aura na yugapat / ataH krama aura yaugapadyake abhAvameM usase vyApta arthakriyA nivRtta ho jAtI hai aura arthakriyAke abhAvameM usase sattva nivRtta hokara nitya padArthako asat siddha kara detA hai / sahakAriyoMkI apekSA nitya padArthameM krama isaliye nahIM bana sakatA; ki nitya jaba svayaM samartha hai; taba use sahakAriyoMkI apekSA hI nahIM honI caahie| yadi sahakArI kAraNa nitya padArthameM koI atizaya yA vizeSatA utpanna karate haiM, to vaha sarvathA nitya nahIM raha sktaa| yadi koI vizeSatA nahIM lAte; to unakA milanA aura na milanA barAbara hI rahA / nitya ekasvabhAva padArtha jaba prathamakSaNabhAvI kArya karatA hai; taba anya kAryoM ke utpanna karanekI sAmarthya usameM hai, yA nahIM? yadi hai; to sabhI kArya eka sAtha utpanna honA caahie| yadi nahIM hai aura sahakAriyoMke milanepara vaha sAmarthya A jAtI hai; to vaha nitya ora ekarUpa nahIM raha sktaa| ataH pratikSaNa parivartana-zIla paramANurUpa hI padArtha apanI-apanI sAmagrIke anusAra vibhinna kAryoMke utpAdaka hote haiN| 1. 'krameNa yugapaJcApi yasmAdarthakriyAkRtaH / na bhavanti sthirA bhAvA niHsattAste tato matAH // ' -tatva0 zlo0 30.

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324 jainadarzana cittakSaNa bhI isI taraha kSaNapravAharUpa hai, aparivartanazIla aura nitya nahIM haiM / isI kSaNapravAhameM prApta vAsanAke anusAra pUrvakSaNa uttarakSaNako utpanna karatA huA apanA astitva niHzeSa karatA jAtA hai| ekatva aura zAzvatikatA bhrama hai / uttarakA pUrva ke sAtha itanA hI sambandha hai ki vaha usase utpanna huA hai aura usakA hI vaha sarvasva hai| jagat kevala pratItyasamutpAda hI hai| isase yaha utpanna hotA hai' yaha anavarata kAraNakAryaparamparA nAma aura rUpa sabhImeM cAla hai| nirvANa avasthAmeM bhI yahI krama cAla rahatA hai| antara itanA hI hai ki jo cittasantati sAsrava thI, vaha nirvANameM nirAsrava ho jAtI hai| vinAzakA bhI eka apanA krama hai / mudgarakA abhighAta honepara jo ghaTakSaNa Age dvitIya samartha ghaTako utpanna karatA thA vaha asamartha, asamarthatara aura asamarthatama kSaNoMko utpanna karatA huA kapAlakI utpattimeM kAraNa ho jAtA hai| tAtparya yaha ki utpAda sahetuka hai, na ki vinAza / cU~ki vinAzako kisI hetukI apekSA nahIM hai, ataH vaha svabhAvataH pratikSaNa hotA hI rahatA hai / uttarapakSa: kintu 'kSaNika paramANurUpa padArtha mAnanepara skandha avasthA bhrAnta ThaharatI hai / yadi puJja hone para bhI paramANu apanI paramANurUpatA nahIM chor3ate aura skandha1. dignAgAdi AcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita kSaNikavAda isI rUpameM buddhako abhipreta na thA, isa viSayakI carcA pro0 dalasukhajIne jaina tarkavA0 Ti0 pR0 281 meM isa prakAra kI hai-'isa viSayameM prathama yaha bAta dhyAna denekI hai ki bhagavAn buddhane utpAda, sthiti aura vyaya ina tonoMke bhinna kSaNa mAne the, aisA aMguttaranikAya aura abhidharma granthoMke dekhanese pratIta hotA hai ( "uppAdaThitibhaMgavasena khaNattayaM ekacittakkhaNaM nAma / tAni pana sattarasa cittakkhaNAni rUpadhammAna Ayu"-abhidhammattha0 4.8) aMguttaranikAyameM saMskRtake tIna lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM-saMskRta vastukA utpAda hotA hai, vyaya hotA hai aura sthitikA anyathAtva hotA hai| isase phalita hotA hai ki prathama utpatti, phira jarA aura phira vinAza, isa kramase vastumeM anityatA-NikatA siddha hai| cittakSaNa kSaNika hai, isakA artha hai ki vaha tIna kSaNa taka hai| prAcIna bauddha zAstrameM mAtra citta-nAma ho ko yogAcArako taraha vastusat nahIM mAnA hai aura usakI Ayu yogAcArakI taraha ekakSaNa nahIM, svasammata cittakI taraha trikSaNa nahIM, kintu 17 kSaNa mAnI gaI hai| ye 17 kSaNa bhI samayake arthameM nahIM, kintu 17 cittakSaNake arthameM liye gaye haiM arthAt vastutaH eka cittakSaNa barAbara 3 kSaNa honese 51 kSaNako Ayu rUpakI mAnI gaI hai| yadi amidhammatthasaMgahakArane jo batAyA hai vaisA hI bhagavAna buddhako abhipreta ho to kahanA hogA ki buddhasammata kSaNikatA aura yogAcAralasmata kSaNikatAmeM mahatvapUrNa antara hai| 'sassimAvimoSI matase mata

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pramANamImAMsA 325 avasthA dhAraNa nahIM karate tathA atIndriya sUkSma paramANuoMkA puMja bhI atIndriya hI banA rahatA hai; to vaha ghaTa, paTa Adi rUpase indriyagrAhya nahIM ho skegaa| paramANuoMmeM paraspara viziSTa rAsAyanika sambandha honepara hI unameM sthUlatA AtI hai, aura tabhI ve indriyagrAhya hote haiM / paramANuoMkA paraspara jo sambandha hotA hai vaha snigdhatA aura rUkSatAke kAraNa guNAtmaka parivartanake rUpameM hotA hai| vaha kathaJcittAdAtmyarUpa hai, usameM ekadezAdi vikalpa nahIM uTha sakate / ve hI paramANu apanI sUkSmatA chor3akara sthUlarUpatAko dhAraNa kara lete haiN| pudgaloMkA yahI svabhAva hai| yadi paramANu paraspara sarvathA asaMsRSTa rahate haiM; to jaise bikhare hue paramANuoMse jaladhAraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA thA vaise pujIbhUta paramANuoMse bhI jaladhAraNa Adi kriyAe~ nahIM ho skeNgii| padArtha paryAyako dRSTise pratikSaNa vinAzI hokara bhI apanI avicchinna santatikI dRSTi se kathaJcit dhruva bhI haiN| santati, paMkti aura senAkI taraha buddhikalpita hI nahIM hai, kintu vAstavika kAryakAraNaparamparAkI dhruva kola hai| isIlie nirvANa avasthAmeM cittasantatikA sarvathA uccheda nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| dIpanirvANakA dRSTAnta bhI isaliye ucita nahIM hai ki dIpakakA bhI sarvathA uccheda nahIM hotaa| jo paramANu dIpaka avasthAmeM bhAsurAkAra aura dIpta the ve bujhanepara zyAmarUpa aura adIpta bana jAte haiN| yahA~ kevala paryAyaparivartana hI huaa| kisI maulika tattvakA sarvathA uccheda mAnanA avaijJAnika hai| vastutaH buddhane viSayoMse vairAgya aura brahmacaryakI sAdhanAke liye jagatke kSaNikatva aura anityatvakI bhAvanApara isaliye bhAra diyA thA ki mohI aura parigrahI prANI padArthoMko sthira aura sthUla mAnakara unameM rAga karatA hai, tRSNAse unake parigrahakI ceSTA karatA hai, strI Adiko eka sthira aura sthUla padArtha kI traikAlika astitvase vyApti hai| jo sat hai arthAt vastu hai vaha tInoM kAlameM asti hai / 'sarva' vastuko tInoM kAloMmeM asti mAnaneke kAraNa hI usa vAdakA nAma sarvAstivAda par3A hai ( dekho, sisTama oNpha buddhisTika thATa pR0 103 ) sarvAstivAdiyoMne rUpaparamANuko nitya mAnakara usImeM pRthivI, ap , teja, vAyurUpa honekI zakti mAnI hai| ( vahI pR0 134, 137) "sarvAstivAdiyoMne naiyAyikoMke samAna paramANusamudAyajanya avayavIko atirikta nahIM, kintu paramANusamudAyako hI avayavI mAnA hai| donoMne paramANuko nitya mAnate hue bhI samudAya aura avayavIko anitya mAnA hai| sarvAstivAdiyoMne eka hI paramANuko anya paramANuke saMsargase nAnA avasthAe~ mAnI haiM aura unhIM nAnA avasthAoMko anitya mAnA hai, paramANuko nahIM ( vahI, pR0 121, 137)'-jainatarkavA0 Ti0 pR0 282 /

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326 jainadarzana mAnakara unake stana Adi avayavoMmeM rAgadRSTi gar3AtA hai| yadi prANI unheM kevala haDDiyoMkA DhA~cA aura mAMsakA piMDa, antataH paramANu jake rUpameM dekhe, to usakA rAgabhAva avazya kama hogaa| 'strI' yaha saMjJA bhI sthUlatAke AdhArase kalpita hotI hai| ataH vItarAgatAkI sAdhanAke liye jagat aura zarIrakI anityatAkA vicAra aura usakI bAra-bAra bhAvanA atyanta apekSita hai| jaina sAdhuoMko bhI cittameM vairAgyakI dRr3hatAke liye anityatva, azaraNatva Adi bhAvanAoMkA upadeza diyA gayA hai| parantu bhAvanA judI vastu hai aura vastutattvakA nirUpaNa judA / vaijJAnika bhAvanAke balapara vastusvarUpakI mImAMsA nahIM karatA, apitu sunizcita kAryakAraNabhAvoMke prayogase / strIkA sarpiNI, narakakA dvAra, pApakI khAni, nAgina aura viSavela Adi rUpase jo bhAvanAtmaka varNana pAyA jAtA hai vaha kevala vairAgya jAgRta karaneke liye hai, isase strI sarpiNI yA nAgina nahIM bana jaatii| kisI padArthako nitya mAnanese usameM sahaja rAga paidA hotA hai| AtmAko zAzvata mAnanese manuSya usake cira sUkhake liye nyAya aura anyAyase jaise-bane-taise parigrahakA saMgraha karane lagatA hai / ataH buddhane isa tRSNAmUlaka parigrahase virakti lAneke liye zAzvata AtmAkA hI niSedha karake nairAtmyakA upadeza diyA / unheM bar3A Dara thA ki jisa prakAra nitya AtmAke mohameM page anya tIthika tRSNAmeM AkaMTha DUbe hue haiM usa tarahake buddhake bhikSu na hoM aura isIliye unhoMne bar3I kaThoratAse AtmAkI zAzvatikatA hI nahIM; AtmAkA hI niSedha kara diyA / jagatko kSaNika, zUnya, nirAtmaka, azuci aura duHkharUpa kahanA bhI mAtra bhAvanAe~ haiN| kintu Age jAkara inhIM bhAvanAoMne darzanakA rUpa le liyA aura eka-eka zabdako lekara eka-eka kSaNikavAda, zUnyavAda, nairAtmyavAda Adi vAda khar3e ho gye| eka bAra inhe dArzanika rUpa mila jAnepara to unakA bar3e ugrarUpameM samarthana huaa| buddhane yogijJAnakI utpatti cAra AryasatyoMkI bhAvanAke' prakarSa paryanta gamanase hI to mAnI hai / usameM dRSTAnta bhI diyA hai2 kAmukakA / jaise koI kAmuka apanI priya kAminIkI tIvratama bhAvanAke dvArA usakA sAmane upasthitakI taraha sAkSAtkAra kara letA hai, usI taraha bhAvanAse satyakA sAkSAtkAra bhI ho jAtA hai| ataH jahA~ taka vairAgyakA sambandha hai vahA~ taka jagatko kSaNika aura paramANupuMjarUpa mAnakara 1. 'bhUtArthabhAvanAprakarSaparyantajaM yogijJAnam / ' nyAyavi0 1 / 11 / 2. 'kAmazokamayonmAdacaurasvapnAdya pplutaaH| abhUtAnapi pazyanti purato'vasthitAniva ||'-prmaannvaa0 2 / 282 /

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pramANamImAMsA 327 calane meM koI hAni nahIM hai| kyoMki asatyopAdhise bhI satya taka pahu~cA jAtA hai, para dArzanikakSetra to vastusvarUpakI yathArtha mImAMsA karanA cAhatA hai| ataH vahA~ bhAvanAoMkA kArya nahIM hai| pratItisiddha sthira aura sthUla padArthoMko bhAvanAvaza asatyatAkA phatavA nahIM diyA jA sktaa| jisa krama aura yogapadyase arthakriyAkI vyApti hai ve sarvathA kSaNika padArthameM bhI nahIM bana skte| yadi pUrvakA uttarake sAtha koI sambandha nahIM hai, to unameM kAryakAraNabhAva hI nahIM bana sktaa| avyabhicArI kAryakAraNabhAva yA upAdAnopAdeyabhAvake liye pUrva aura uttara kSaNameM koI vAstavika sambandha yA anvaya mAnanA hI hogA, anyathA santAnAntaravartI uttarakSaNake sAtha bhI upAdAnopAdezabhAva bana jAnA cAhiye / eka vastu aba kramazaH do kSaNoMko yA do dezoMko prApta hotI hai to usameM kAlakRta yA dezakRta krama mAnA jA sakatA hai, kintu jo jahA~ aura jaba utpanna ho tathA vahIM aura tabhI naSTa ho jAya; to usameM krama kaisA ? kramake abhAvameM yogapadyakI carcA hI vyartha hai / jagatke padArthoMke vinAzako nirhetuka mAnakara use svabhAvasiddha kahanA ucita nahIM hai, kyoMki jisa prakara uttarakA utpAda apane kAraNoMse hotA hai usI taraha pUrvakA vinAza bhI unhIM kAraNoMse hotA hai| unameM kAraNabheda nahIM hai, isaliye vastutaH svarUpabheda bhI nahIM hai / pUrvakA vinAza aura uttarakA utpAda donoM eka hI vastu haiM / kAryakA utpAda hI kAraNakA vinAza hai / jo svabhAvabhUta utpAda aura vinAza haiM ve to svarasataH hote hI rahate haiN| raha jAtI hai sthUla vinAzakI bAta, so vaha spaSTa hI kAraNoMkI apekSA rakhatA hai| jaba vastumeM utpAda aura vinAza donoM hI samAna koTike dharma haiM taba unameMse ekako sahetuka tathA dUsareko ahetuka kahanA kisI bhI taraha ucita nahIM hai| saMsArake samasta hI jar3a aura cetana padArthoMmeM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva cAroM prakArake sambandha barAbara anubhavameM Ate haiN| inameM kSetra, kAla aura bhAva pratyAsattiyA~ vyavahArake nirvAhake liye bhI hoM para upAdAnopAdeyabhAvako sthApita karaneke liye dravyapratyAsatti paramArtha hI mAnanA hogii| aura yaha ekadravyatAdAtmyako chor3akara anya nahIM ho sktii| isa ekadravyatAdAtmyake binA bandha-mokSa, lena-dena, guru-ziSyAdi samasta vyavahAra samApta ho jAte haiN| 'pratItya samutpAda' svayaM, jisako pratItya jo samutpAdako prApta karatA hai unameM paraspara sambandhakI siddhi kara detA hai| yahA~ kevala kriyA mAtra hI nahIM hai, kintu kriyAkA AdhAra karttA bhI hai| jo pratItya--apekSA karatA hai, vahI utpanna hotA hai| ataH isa eka dravyapratyAsattiko hara hAlatameM svIkAra karanA hI hogaa| avyabhicArI kAryakAraNabhAvake AdhArase

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328 jainadarzana pUrva aura uttara kSaNoMmeM eka santati tabhI bana sakatI hai jaba kArya aura kAraNameM avyabhicAritAkA niyAmaka koI anusyUta paramArtha tattva svIkAra kiyA jAya / vijJAnavAdako samIkSA : isI taraha vijJAnavAdameM bAhyArthake astitvakA sarvathA lopa karake kevala unheM vAsanAkalpita hI kahanA ucita nahIM hai| yaha ThIka hai ki padArthoM meM aneka prakArakI saMjJAe~ aura zabdaprayoga hamArI kalpanAse kalpita hoM, para jo Thosa aura satya padArtha haiM unakI sattAse inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / nIlapadArthakI sattA nIlavijJAnase siddha bhale ho ho, para nIlavijJAna nIlapadArthakI sattAko utpanna nahIM krtaa| vaha svayaM siddha hai, aura nIlavijJAnake na honepara bhI usakA svasiddha astitva hai ho| A~kha padArthako dekhatI hai, na ki padArthako utpanna karatI hai| prameya aura pramANa ye saMjJAe~ sApekSa hoM, para donoM padArtha apanI-apanI sAmagrIse svataHsiddha utpattivAle haiN| vAsanA aura kalpanAse padArthako iSTa-aniSTa rUpameM citrita kiyA jAtA hai, parantu padArtha utpanna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ataH vijJAnavAda Ajake prayogasiddha vijJAnase na kevala bAdhita hI hai, kintu vyavahArAnupayogI bhI hai| zUnyavAdako AlocanA : zUnyavAdake do rUpa hamAre sAmane haiM-eka to svapnapratyayakI taraha samasta pratyayoMko nirAlambana kahanA arthAt pratyayakI sattA to svIkAra karanA, para unheM nirviSaya mAnanA aura dUsarA bAhyArthakI taraha jJAnakA bhI lopa karake sarvazUnya mAnanA / prathama kalpanA eka prakAra se nirviSaya jJAna mAnanekI hai, jo pratItiviruddha hai; kyoMki prakRta anumAnako yadi niviSaya mAnA jAtA hai, to isase 'nirAlambana jJAnavAda' hI siddha nahIM ho sktaa| yadi saviSaya mAnate haiM; to isI anumAnase hetu vyabhicArI ho jAtA hai| ataH jina pratyayoMkA bAhyArtha upalabdha hotA hai unheM saviSaya aura jinakA upalabdha nahIM hotA, unheM nirviSaya mAnanA ucita hai| jJAnoMmeM satya aura asatya yA avisaMvAdI aura visaMvAdI vyavasthA bAhyArthakI prApti aura aprAptise hI to hotI hai| agnike jJAnase pAnI garama nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jagatkA samasta bAhya vyavahAra bAhya-padArthoMkI vAstavika sattAse hI saMbhava hotA hai| saMketake anusAra zabdaprayogoMkI svatantratA honepara bhI padArthoMke nijasiddha svarUpa yA astitva kisIke saMketase utpanna nahIM ho skte|

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pramANamImAMsA bAhyArthakI taraha jJAnakA bhI abhAva mAnanevAle sarvazUnyapakSako to siddha karanA hI kaThina hai| jisa pramANase sarvazUnyatA sAdhI jAtI hai usa pramANako bhI yadi zUnya arthAt asat mAnA jAtA hai; to phira zUnyatA kisase siddha kI jAyagI ? aura yadi vaha pramANa azUnya arthAt sat hai; to 'sarvaM zUnyam' kahA~ rahA ? kama-se-kama usa pramANako to azUnya mAnanA hI pdd'aa| pramANa aura prameya vyavahAra parasparasApekSa ho sakate haiM, parantu unakA svarUpa paraspara-sApekSa nahIM hai, vaha to svataHsiddha hai / ataH kSaNika aura zUnya bhAvanAoMse vastukI siddhi nahIM kI jA sktii| ___ isa taraha vizeSapadArthavAda bhI viSayAbhAsa hai; kyoMki jaisA usakA varNana hai vaisA usakA astitva siddha nahIM ho pAtA / ubhayasvatantravAda momAMsA : pUrvapakSa: vaizeSika sAmAnya arthAt jAti aura dravya, guNa, karmarUpa vizeSa arthAt vyaktiyoMko svatantra padArtha mAnate haiN| sAmAnya aura vizeSakA samavAya sambandha hotA hai / vaizeSikakA mUla mantra hai-pratyayake AdhArase padArtha vyavasthA karanA ! caMki 'dravyaM dravyaM' yaha pratyaya hotA hai, ataH dravya eka padArtha hai / 'guNaH guNaH' 'karma karma' isa prakArake svatantra pratyaya hote haiM, ataH guNa aura karma svatantra padArtha haiM / isI taraha anugatAkAra pratyayake kAraNa sAmAnya padArtha; nitya padArthoM meM paraspara bheda sthApita karaneke liye vizeSapadArtha aura 'ihedaM' pratyayase samavAya padArtha mAne gaye haiN| jitane prakArake jJAna aura zabdavyavahAra hote haiM unakA vargIkaraNa karake asAMkaryabhAvase utane padArtha mAnanekA prayatla vaizeSikoMne kiyA hai| isIlie inheM 'saMpratyayopAdhyAya' kahA jAtA hai| uttarapakSa : kintu pratyaya arthAt jJAna aura zabdakA vyavahAra itane aparipUrNa aura lacara haiM ki inapara pUrA-pUrA bharosA nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ve to vastusvarUpakI ora mAtra izArA hI kara sakate haiN| balki akhaNDa aura anirvacanIya vastuko samajhanesamajhAneke liye usako khaMDa-khaMDa kara DAlate haiM aura itanA vizleSaNa kara DAlate haiM ki usI vastuke aMza svatantra padArtha mAlama par3ane lagate haiN| guNa-guNAMza aura deza-dezAMzakI kalpanA bhI Akhira buddhi aura zabda vyavahArakI hI karAmAta hai / eka akhaMDa dravyase pRthakbhUta yA pRthasiddha guNa aura kriyA nahIM raha sakatIM aura

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jainadarzana na batAI jA sakatI haiM phira bhI buddhi unheM pRthak padArtha batAneko taiyAra hai| padArtha to apanA Thosa aura akhaMDa astitva rakhatA hai, vaha apane pariNamanake anusAra aneka pratyayoMkA viSaya ho sakatA hai| guNa, kriyA aura sambandha Adi svatantra padArtha nahIM haiM, ye to dravyako avasthAoMke vibhinna vyavahAra haiN| ___ isa taraha sAmAnya koI svatantra padArtha nahIM hai, jo nitya aura eka hokara aneka svatantrasattAka vyaktiyoMmeM motiyoMmeM sUtakI taraha piroyA gayA ho / padArthoMke kucha pariNamana sadRza bhI hote haiM aura kucha visadRza bhii| do svatantrasattAka vibhinna vyaktiyoMmeM bhUyaHsAmya dekhakara anugata vyavahAra hotA hai| aneka AtmAe~ saMsAra avasthAmeM apane vibhinna zarIroMmeM vartamAna haiM / jinakI avayavaracanA amuka prakArakI sadRza hai unameM 'manuSyaH manuSyaH' aisA vyavahAra saMketake anusAra hotA hai aura jinakI zarIraracanA saMketAnusAra ghor3oM jaisI hai unameM 'azvaH azvaH' yaha vyavahAra hotA hai| jina AtmAoMmeM avayavasAdRzyake AdhArase manuSyavyavahAra hotA hai unameM 'manuSyatva' nAmakA koI aisA sAmAnya padArtha nahIM hai, jo apanI svatantra, nitya, eka aura anekAnugata sattA rakhatA ho aura samavAyasambandhase unameM rahatA ho| itanI bhedakalpanA padArthasthitike pratikUla hai| 'sat sat', 'dravyam dravyam', 'guNaH guNaH', 'manuSyaH manuSyaH ityAdi sabhI vyavahAra sAdRzyamUlaka haiM / sAdRzya bhI pratyekaniSTha dharma hai, koI anekaniSTha svatantra padArtha nahIM hai| vaha to aneka avayavoMkI samAnatArUpa hai aura tattad avayava una-una vyaktiyoM meM hI rahate haiN| unameM samAnatA dekhakara draSTA aneka prakArake choTe-bar3e dAyarevAle anugatavyavahAra karane lagatA hai| sAmAnya nitya, eka aura niraMza hokara yadi sarvagata hai, to use vibhinnadezavAlI svavyaktiyoMmeM khaNDazaH rahanA hogA; kyoMki eka vastu eka sAtha bhinna dezoMmeM pUrNarUpase nahIM raha sakatI / nitya aura niraMza sAmAnya jisa samaya eka vyaktimeM prakaTa hotA hai usI samaya use sarvatra vyaktiyoMke antarAlameM bhI prakaTa honA cAhiye / anyathA kvacit vyakta aura kvacit avyakta rUpase svarUpabheda honepara anityatva aura sAMzatvakA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| jisa taraha sattAsAmAnya padArtha anya kisI 'sattAtva' nAmaka sAmAnyake binA hI svataH sat hai usI taraha dravyAdi bhI svataH sat hI kyoM na mAne jAya~ ? sattAke sambandhase pahale padArtha sat hai, yA asat ? yadi sat haiM; to sattAkA sambandha mAnanA nirarthaka hai / yadi asat haiM; to unameM kharaviSANakI taraha sattAsambandha ho nahIM sktaa| isI taraha anya sAmAnyoMke sambandhameM bhI samajhanA caahie| jisa

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pramANamImAMsA 331 taraha sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya svataH sat hai- inameM kisI anya sattAke sambandhakI kalpanA nahIM kI jAtI, usI taraha dravyAdi bhI svataHsiddha sat haiM, inameM bhI sattAke sambandhakI kalpanA nirarthaka hai| ___vaizeSika tulya okRtivAle aura tulya guNavAle paramANuoMmeM, mukta AtmAoMmeM aura mukta AtmAoM dvArA tyakta manoMmeM bheda-pratyaya karAneke liye ina pratyekameM eka vizeSa nAmaka padArtha mAnate haiM / ye vizeSa ananta haiM aura nityadravyavRtti haiN| anya avayavI Adi padArthoMmeM jAti, AkRti aura avayavasaMyoga Adike kAraNa bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai, para samAna AkRtivAle, samAnaguNavAle nitya dravyoMmeM bheda karaneke liye koI anya nimitta cAhiye aura vaha nimitta hai vizeSa padArtha / parantu pratyayake AdhArase padArtha-vyavasthA mAnanekA siddhAnta hI galata hai| jitane prakArake pratyaya hote haiM, utane svatantra padArtha yadi mAne jAya~ to padArthoMkI koI sImA hI nahIM rhegii| jisa prakAra eka vizeSa dUsare vizeSase svataH vyAvRtta hai, usameM anya kisI vyAvartakakI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, usI taraha paramANu Adi samasta padArtha apane asAdhAraNa nija svarUpase hI svataH vyAvRtta raha sakate haiM, isake liye bhI kisI svatantra vizeSa padArthakI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / vyaktiyA~ svayaM hI vizeSa haiM / pramANakA kArya hai svataHsiddha padArthoMkI asaMkara vyAkhyA karanA na ki naye-naye padArthoMkI kalpanA krnaa| phalAbhAsa': pramANase phalako sarvathA abhinna yA sarvathA bhinna kahanA phalAbhAsa hai| yadi pramANa aura phalameM sarvathA bheda mAnA jAtA hai; to bhinna-bhinna AtmAoMke pramANa aura phaloMmeM jaise pramANa-phalabhAva nahIM banatA, usI taraha eka AtmAke pramANa aura phalameM bhI pramANa-phalavyavahAra nahIM honA caahiye| samavAyasambandha bhI sarvathA bheda kI sthitimeM niyAmaka nahIM ho sakatA / yadi sarvathA abheda mAnA jAtA hai to 'yaha pramANa hai aura yaha phala' isa prakArakA bhedavyavahAra aura kAraNakAryabhAva bhI nahIM ho skegaa| jisa AtmAkI pramANarUpase pariNati huI hai usIkI ajJAnanivRtti hotI hai, ataH eka AtmAkI dRSTise pramANa aura phalameM abheda hai aura sAdhakatamakaraNarUpa tathA pramitikriyArUpa paryAyoMkI dRSTise unameM bheda hai| ataH pramANa aura phalameM kathaJcid bhedAbheda mAnanA hI ucita hai /

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9. naya-vicAra nayakA lakSaNa : adhigamake upAyoMmeM pramANake sAtha nayakA bhI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| pramANa vastuke pUrNarUpako grahaNa karatA hai aura naya pramANake dvArA gRhIta vastuke eka aMzako jAnatA hai| jJAtAkA vaha abhiprAyavizeSa naya' hai jo pramANake dvArA jAnI gayI vastuke ekadezako sparza karatA hai| vastu anantadharmavAlI hai| pramANajJAna use samagrabhAvase grahaNa karatA hai, usameM aMzavibhAjana karanekI ora usakA lakSya nahIM hotA / jaise 'yaha ghar3A hai' ina jJAnameM pramANa ghar3eko akhaMDa bhAvase usake rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza Adi ananta guNadharmoMkA vibhAga na karake pUrNarUpameM jAnatA hai, jaba ki koI bhI naya usakA vibhAjana karake 'rUpavAn ghaTa:' 'rasavAn ghaTa:' Adi rUpameM use apane-apane abhiprAyake anusAra jAnatA hai| eka bAta dhyAnameM rakhanekI hai ki pramANa aura naya jJAnakI hI vRttiyA~ haiM, donoM jJAnAtmaka paryAyeM haiM / jaba jJAtAkI sakalake grahaNakI dRSTi hotI hai taba usakA jJAna pramANa hotA hai aura jaba usI pramANase gRhIta vastuko khaMDazaH grahaNa karanekA abhiprAya hotA hai taba vaha aMzagrAhI abhiprAya naya kahalAtA hai| pramANajJAna nayakI utpattike liye bhUmi taiyAra karatA hai| ___ yadyapi chadmasthoMke sabhI jJAna vastuke pUrNarUpako nahIM jAna pAte, phira bhI jitaneko vaha jAnate haiM unameM bhI unakI yadi samagrake grahaNakI dRSTi hai to ve sakalanAhI jJAna pramANa haiM aura aMzagrAhI vikalpajJAna naya / 'rUpavAn ghaTaH' yaha jJAna bhI yadi rUpamukhena samasta ghaTakA jJAna akhaMDabhAvase karatA hai to pramANakI hI sImA pahu~catA hai aura ghaTake rUpa, rasa AdikA vibhAjana kara yadi ghar3eke rUpako mukhyatayA jAnatA hai to vaha naya kahalAtA hai| pramANake jAnanekA krama ekadezake dvArA bhI samagrakI tarapha hI hai, jaba ki naya samagravastuko vibhAjita kara usake aMzavizeSakI ora hI jhukatA hai| pramANa cakSuke dvArA rUpako dekhakara bhI usa dvArase pUre ghar3eko AtmasAt karatA hai aura naya usa ghar3ekA vizleSaNa kara usake rUpa Adi aMzoMke jAnanekI ora pravRtta hotA hai ? isIliye pramANako 1. 'nayo jnyaaturbhipraayH|' laghI0 zlo0 55 / __'zAtRRNAmabhisandhayaH khalu nyaaH|'-siddhivi0, TI0 pR0 517 /

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nava-vicAra 333 sakalAdezI aura nayako vikalAdezI kahA hai| pramANake dvArA jAnI gaI vastuko zabdakI taraMgoMse abhivyakta karaneke liye jo jJAnakI rujhAna hotI hai vaha naya hai / naya pramANakA ekadeza hai : 'naya pramANa hai yA apramANa ?' isa praznakA samAdhAna 'hA~' aura 'nahIM' meM nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai ? jaise ki ghar3emeM bhare hue samudrake jalako na to samudra kaha sakate haiM aura na asamudra hI' / naya pramANase utpanna hotA hai, ataH pramANAtmaka hokara bhI aMzagrAhI honeke kAraNa pUrNa pramANa nahIM kahA jA sakatA, aura apramANa to vaha ho hI nahIM sktaa| ataH jaise ghar3ekA jala samudraikadeza hai asamudra nahIM, usI taraha naya bhI pramANaikadeza hai, apramANa nahIM / nayake dvArA grahaNa kI jAnevAlI vastu bhI na to pUrNa vastu kahI jA sakatI hai aura na avastu; kintu vaha 'vastvekadeza' hI ho sakatI hai| tAtparya yaha ki pramANasAgarakA vaha aMza naya hai jise jJAtAne apane abhiprAyake pAtrameM bhara liyA hai| usakA utpattisthAna samudra hI hai para usameM vaha vizAlatA aura samagratA nahIM haiM jisase usameM saba samA skeN| choTe-bar3e pAtra apanI maryAdAke anusAra hI to jala grahaNa karate haiN| pramANako raMgazAlAmeM naya aneka rUpoM aura vezoMmeM apanA nATaka racatA hai / sunaya, durnayaH - yadyapi anekAntAtmaka vastuke eka-eka anta arthAt dharmoko viSaya karanevAle abhiprAyavizeSa pramANako hI santAna haiM, para inameM yadi sumela, paraspara prIti aura apekSA hai to hI ye sunaya haiM, anyathA durnaya / sunaya anekAntAtmaka vastuke amuka aMzako mukhyabhAvase grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoMkA nirAkaraNa nahIM karatA; unakI ora taTasthabhAva rakhatA hai| jaise bApakI jAyadAdameM sabhI santAnoMkA samAna haka hotA hai aura sapUta vahI kahA jAtA hai jo apane anya bhAiyoMke hakako ImAnadArIse svIkAra karatA hai, unake har3apanekI ceSTA kabhI bhI nahIM karatA, kintu sadbhAva hI utpanna karatA hai, usI taraha anantadharmA vastumeM sabhI nayoMkA samAna adhikAra hai aura sunaya vahI kahA jAyagA jo apane aMzako mukhya rUpase grahaNa karake bhI anyake aMzoMko gauNa to kare para unakA nirAkaraNa na kare, unakI apekSA kare arthAt unake astitvako svIkAra kre| jo dUsarekA nirAkaraNa karatA hai aura apanA hI adhikAra jamAtA hai vaha kalahakArI kapUtakI taraha durnaya kahalAtA hai / 1. 'nAyaM vastu na cAvastu vastvaMzaH kathyate yataH / mAsaH sanomA samudrAMzo yathocyate // ' ---ta0 ko0 16 / nayavivaraNa zlo0 6 /

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jaina darzana pramAName pUrNa vastu samAtI hai / naya eka aMzako mukhya rUpase grahaNa karake bhI anya aMzoMko gauNa karatA hai, para unakI apekSA rakhatA hai, tiraskAra to kabhI bhI nahIM krtaa| kintu durnaya anyanirapekSa hokara anyakA nirAkaraNa karatA hai| pramANa' 'tat aura atat' sabhIko jAnatA hai, nayameM 'atat' yA 'tat' gauNa rahatA hai aura kevala 'tat' yA 'atat' kI pratipatti hotI hai, para durnaya anyakA nirAkaraNa karatA rUpase jAnatA hai jaba ki durnaya 'sadeva' aisA avadhAraNakara anyakA tiraskAra karatA hai / niSkarSa yaha ki sApekSatA hI nayakA prANa hai / AcArya siddhasenane apane sanmatisUtra ( 1 / 21-25 ) meM kahA hai ki "tamhA savve vi NayA micchAdiTThI spkkhpddibddhaa| aNNoNNaNissiA uNa havanti sammattasabbhAvA / " -sanmati0 1 / 22 / ve sabhI naya mithyAdRSTi haiM jo apane hI pakSakA Agraha karate haiM-parakA niSedha karate haiM, kintu jaba ve hI paraspara sApekSa aura anyonyAzrita hote haiM taba samyaktvake sadbhAvavAle hote haiM arthAt samyagdRSTi hote haiN| jaise aneka prakArake guNavAlI vaiDUrya Adi maNiyA~ mahAmUlyavAlI hokara bhI yadi eka sUtrameM piroI huI na hoM, paraspara ghaTaka na hoM, lo 'ratnAvalI' saMjJA nahIM pA sakatI, usI taraha apane niyata vAdoMkA Agraha rakhanevAle paraspara-nirapekSa naya samyaktvapaneko nahIM pA sakate, bhale hI ve apane-apane pakSake liye kitane hI mahattvake kyoM na hoN| jisa prakAra ve hI maNiyA~ eka sUtameM piroI jAkara 'ratnAvalI yA ratnAhAra' bana jAtI haiM usI taraha sabhI naya parasparasApekSa hokara samyakapaneko prApta ho jAte haiM, ve sunaya bana jAte haiM / antameM ve kahate haiM "je vayaNijjaviyappA saMjujjatesu hoMti eesu / sA sasamayapaNNavaNA titthayarAsAyaNA aNNA // " 5. 'dharmAntarAdAnopekSAhAnilakSaNatvAt pramANanaya durnayAnAM prakArAntarAsaMbhavAcca / pramANAttadatatsvabhAvapratipatteH tatpratipatteH tadanyanirAkRtezca / ' -aSTaza0, aSTasaha0 pR0 290 ! 2. 'sadeva sat syAt saditi tridhAoM mIyeta dunotinyprmaannaiH|' -anyayogavya0 zlo0 28 / 3. 'nirapekSA nayA mithyAH sApekSA vastu te'rthakRt / ' -AptamI0 zlo0 108 /

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naya-vicAra 335 jo vacanavikalparUpI naya paraspara sambaddha hokara svaviSayakA pratipAdana karate haiM vaha unakI svasamayaprajJApanA hai tathA anya-nirapekSavRtti tIrthaGkarakI AsAdanA hai| AcArya kundakunda isI tattvako bar3I mArmika rItise samajhAte haiM "dohavi NayANa bhaNiyaM jANai NavariM tu samayapaDibaddho / Na du NayapakkhaM giNhadi kiJcivi NayapakkhaparihINo // " -samayasAra gAthA 143 / svasamayI vyakti donoM nayoMke vaktavyako jAnatA to hai, para kisI eka nayakA tiraskAra karake dUsare nayake pakSako grahaNa nahIM krtaa| vaha eka nayako dvitIyasApekSarUpase hI grahaNa karatA hai| vastu jaba anantadharmAtmaka hai taba svabhAvataH eka-eka dharmako grahaNa karanevAle abhiprAya bhI ananta hI hoMge; bhale hI unake vAcaka pRthaka-pRthak zabda na mile, para jitane zabda haiM unake vAcya dharmoko jAnanevAle utane abhiprAya to avazya hI hote haiN| yAnI abhiprAyoMkI saMkhyAkI apekSA hama nayoMkI sImA na bA~dha sakeM, para yaha to sunizcitarUpase kaha ho sakate haiM ki jitane zabda haiM utane to naya avazya ho sakate haiN| kyoMki koI bhI vacanamArga abhiprAyake binA ho hI nahIM sktaa| aise aneka abhiprAya to saMbhava haiM jinake vAcaka zabda na mileM, para aisA eka bhI sArthaka zabda nahIM ho sakatA, jo binA abhiprAyake prayukta hotA ho / ataH sAmAnyatayA jitane zabda haiM utane' naya haiM / ___ yaha vidhAna yaha mAnakara kiyA jAtA hai ki pratyeka zabda vastuke kisI-na-kisI dharmakA vAcaka hotA hai| isIlie tattvArthabhASya ( 1134 ) meM 'ye naya kyA eka vastuke viSayameM paraspara virodhI tantroMke matavAda haiM yA jainAcAryoMke hI paraspara matabheda haiM ?' isa praznakA samAdhAna karate hue spaSTa likhA hai ki 'na to ye tantrAntarIya matavAda haiM aura na AcAryoMke hI pArasparika matabheda haiM ?' kintu jJeya arthako jAnanevAle nAnA adhyavasAya hai|' eka hI vastuko apekSAbhedase yA aneka dRSTikoNoMse grahaNa karanevAle vikalpa haiN| ve havAI kalpanAe~ nahIM haiN| aura na zekhacillIke vicAra hI haiM, kintu arthako nAnA prakArase jAnanevAle abhiprAyavizeSa haiN| ye niviSaya na hokara jJAna, zabda yA artha kisI-na-kisIko viSaya avazya karate haiN| isakA viveka karanA jJAtAkA kArya hai| jaise eka hI loka satkI 1. "jAvaiyA vayaNapahA tAvaiyA hoMti NayavAyA / " -sanmati0 3147 /

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336 jainadarzana apekSA eka hai, jIva aura ajIvake bhedase do, Urdhva, madhya aura adhaH ke bhedase tIna, cAra prakArake dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvarUpa honese cAra; pA~ca astikAyoMko apekSA pA~ca aura chaha dravyoMkI apekSA chaha prakArakA kahA jA sakatA hai| ye apekSAbhedase honevAle vikalpa haiM, mAtra matabheda yA vivAda nahIM haiN| usI taraha nayavAda bhI apekSAbhedase honevAle vastuke vibhinna adhyavasAya haiM / do nayaH dravyAthika aura paryAyArthika ___isa taraha sAmAnyatayA abhiprAyoMkI anantatA honepara bhI unheM do vibhAgoMmeM bA~TA jA sakatA hai-eka abhedako grahaNa karanevAle aura dUsare bhedako grahaNa karane vAle / vastumeM svarUpataH abheda hai, vaha akhaMDa hai aura apanemeM eka maulika hai| use aneka guNa, paryAya aura dharmoM ke dvArA anekarUpameM grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| abhedagrAhiNI dRSTi dravyadRSTi kahI jAtI hai aura bhedagrAhiNI dRSTi paryAyadRSTi / dravyako mukhyarUpase grahaNa karanevAlA naya dravyAstika yA avyucchitti naya kahalAtA hai aura paryAyako grahaNa karanevAlA naya paryAyAstika yA vyucchitti naya / abheda arthAt sAmAnya aura bheda yAnI vizeSa / vastuoMmeM abheda aura bhedakI kalpanAke do-do prakAra haiN| abhedakI eka kalpanA to eka akhaNDa maulika dravyameM apanI dravyazaktike kAraNa vivakSita abheda hai, jo dravya yA UrdhvatAsAmAnya kahA jAtA hai| yaha apanI kAlakramase honevAlI kramika paryAyoMmeM Uparase nIce taka vyApta rahaneke kAraNa UrdhvatAsAmAnya kahalAtA hai| yaha jisa prakAra apanI kramika paryoMko vyApta karatA hai usI taraha apane sahabhAvI guNa aura dharmoMko bhI vyApta karatA hai| dUsarI abheda-kalpanA vibhinnasattAka aneka dravyoMmeM saMgrahakI dRSTise kI jAtI hai| yaha kalpanA zabdavyavahArake nirvAhake lie sAdRzyakI apekSAse kI jAtI hai / aneka svatantrasattAka manuSyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka manuSyatva jAtikI apekSA manuSyatva sAmAnyakI kalpanA tiryaksAmAnya kahalAtI hai| yaha aneka dravyoMmeM tirachI calatI hai| eka dravyakI paryAyoMmeM honevAlI eka bhedakalpanA paryAyavizeSa kahalAtI hai tathA vibhinna dravyoMmeM pratIta honevAlI dUsarI bheda kalpanA vyatirekavizeSa kahI jAtI hai / isa prakAra donoM prakArake abhedoMko viSaya karanevAlI dRSTi dravyadRSTi hai aura donoM bhedoMko viSaya karanevAlI dRSTi paryAyadRSTi hai / paramArtha aura vyavahAra : paramArthataH pratyeka dravyagata abhedako grahaNa karanevAlI dRSTi hI dravyAthika aura pratyeka dravyagata paryAyabhedako jAnanevAlI dRSTi hI paryAyArthika hotI hai| aneka dravyagata abheda aupacArika aura vyAvahArika hai, ataH anameM sAdRzyamUlaka abheda

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naya-vicAra bhI vyAvahArika hI hai, pAramArthika nhiiN| aneka dravyoMkA bheda pAramArthika hI hai / 'manuSyatva' mAtra sAdRzyamUlaka kalpanA hai| koI eka aisA manuSyatva nAmakA padArtha nahIM hai, jo aneka manuSyadravyoMmeM motiyoMmeM sUtakI taraha piroyA gayA ho / sAdRzya bhI anekaniSTha dharma nahIM hai, kintu pratyeka vyaktimeM rahatA hai| usakA vyavahAra avazya parasApekSa hai, para svarUpa to pratyekaniSTha hI hai| ataH kinhIM bhI sajAtIya yA vijAtIya aneka dravyoMkA sAdRzyamUlaka abhedase saMgraha kevala vyAvahArika hai, pAramArthika nhiiN| ananta pudgalaparamANudravyoMko pudgalatvena eka kahanA vyavahArake lie hai| do pRthaka paramANuoMkI sattA kabhI bhI eka nahIM ho sktii| eka dravyagata UrdhvatAsAmAnyako chor3akara jitanI bhI abheda-kalpanAe~ avAntarasAmAnya yA mahAsAmAnyake nAmase kI jAtI haiM, ve saba vyAvahArika haiM / unakA vastusthitise itanA hI sambandha hai ki ve zabdoMke dvArA una pRthak vastuoMkA saMgraha kara rahI haiM / jisa prakAra anekadravyagata abheda vyAvahArika hai usI taraha eka dravyameM kAlika paryAyabheda vAstavika hokara bhI unameM guNabheda aura dharmabheda usa akhaMDa anirvacanIya vastuko samajhane-samajhAne aura kahaneke lie kiyA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra pRthaka siddha dravyoMko hama vizleSaNakara alaga svatantrabhAvase ginA sakate haiM usa taraha kisI eka dravyake guNa aura dharmoMko nahIM batA sakate / ataH paramArthadravyAthikanaya ekadravyagata abhedako viSaya karatA hai, aura vyavahAra paryAyAthika ekadravyakI kramika paryAyoMke kalpita bhedko| vyavahAradravyArthika anekadravyagata kalpita abhedako jAnatA hai aura paramArtha paryAyArthika do dravyoMke vAstavika paraspara bhedako jAnatA hai| vastutaH vyavahAraparyAyAthikakI sImA eka dravyagata guNabheda aura dharmabheda taka hI hai| dravyAstika aura dravyAthika : tattvArthavArtika ( 1 / 33 ) meM dravyAthikake sthAnameM AnevAlA dravyAstika aura paryAyAthikake sthAnameM AnevAlA paryAyAstika zabda isI sUkSmabhedako sUcita karatA hai| dravyAstikakA tAtparya hai ki jo ekadravyake paramArtha astitvako viSaya kare aura tanmalaka hI abhedakA prakhyApana kre| paryAyAstika ekadravyakI vAstavika kramika paryAyoMke astitvako mAnakara unhIM ke AdhArase bhedavyavahAra karatA hai| isa dRSTise anekadravyagata paramArtha bhedako paryAyArthika viSaya karake bhI unake bhedako kisI dravyako paryAya nahIM maantaa| yahA~ paryAyazabdakA prayoga vyavahArArtha hai / tAtparya yaha hai ki ekadravyagata abhedako dravyAstika aura paramArtha dravyArthika, ekadravyagata paryAyabhedako paryAyAstika aura vyavahAra paryAyArthika, aneka 22

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338 jainadarzana dravyoMke sAdRzyamUlaka abhedako vyavahAra dravyAthika tathA anekadravyagata bhedako paramArtha paryAyArthika jAnatA hai / anekadravyagata bhedako hama 'paryAya' zabdase vyavahArake lie hI kahate haiN| isa taraha bhedAbhedAtmaka yA anantadharmAtmaka jJeyameM jJAtAke abhiprAyAnusAra bheda yA abhedako mukhya aura itarako gauNa karake dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika nayoMkI pravRtti hotI hai| kahA~, kauna-sA bheda yA abheda vivakSita hai, yaha samajhanA vaktA aura zrotAkI kuzalatApara nirbhara karatA hai| ___ yahA~ yaha spaSTa samajha lenA cAhie ki paramArtha abheda ekadravyameM hI hotA hai aura paramArtha bheda do svatantra dravyoMmeM / isI taraha vyAvahArika abheda do pRthak dravyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka hotA hai aura vyAvahArika bheda ekadravyake do guNoM, dharmoM yA paryAyoMmeM paraspara hotA hai| dravya kA apane guNa, dharma aura paryAyoMse vyAvahArika bheda hI hotA hai, paramArthataH to unakI sattA abhinna hI hai| tIna prakArake padArtha aura nikSepa : tIrthaMkaroMke dvArA upadiSTa samasta arthakA saMgraha inhIM do nayoMmeM ho jAtA hai / unakA kathana yA to abhedapradhAna hotA hai yA bhedapradhAna / jagatmeM Thosa aura maulika astitva yadyapi dravyakA hai aura paramArtha arthasaMjJA bhI isI guNa-paryAyavAle dravyako dI jAtI hai| parantu vyavahAra kevala paramArtha arthase hI nahIM cltaa| ataH vyavahArake lie padArthoMkA nikSepa zabda, jJAna aura artha tIna prakArase kiyA jAtA hai| jAti, dravya, guNa, kriyA Adi nimittoMkI apekSA kiye binA hI icchAnusAra saMjJA rakhanA 'nAma' kahalAtA hai / jaise--kisI lar3akekA 'gajarAja' yaha nAma zabdAtmaka arthakA AdhAra hotA hai| jisakA nAmakaraNa ho cukA hai usa padArthakA usIke AkAra vAlI vastumeM yA atadAkAra vastumeM sthApanA karanA 'sthApanA' nikSepa hai| jaise-hAthIkI mUrti meM hAthIkI sthApanA yA zataraMjake muhareko hAthI khnaa| yaha jJAnAtmaka arthakA Azraya hotA hai| atIta aura anAgata paryAyakI yogyatAkI dRSTise padArthameM vaha vyavahAra karanA 'dravya' nikSepa hai / jaise--yuvarAjako rAjA kahanA yA jisane rAjapada chor3a diyA hai use bhI vartamAnameM rAjA khnaa| vartamAna paryAyakI dRSTise honevAlA vyavahAra 'bhAva' nikSepa hai jaise-rAjya karanevAleko rAjA khnaa| isameM paramArtha artha-dravya aura bhAva haiM / jJAnAtmaka artha sthApanA nikSepa aura zabdAtmaka artha nAmanikSepameM garbhita hai| yadi baccA zerake liye rotA hai to use zerakA tadAkAra khilaunA dekara hI vyavahAra nibhAyA jA sakatA hai / jagatke samasta zAbdika vyavahAra zabdase hI cala rahe haiN| dravya aura bhAva padArthako traikAlika

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naya-vicAra paryAyoMmeM honevAle vyavahArake AdhAra banate haiN| 'gajarAjako bulA lAo' yaha kahanepara isa nAmaka vyakti hI bulAyA jAtA hai, na ki gajarAja-hAthI / rAjyAbhiSekake samaya yuvarAja hI 'rAjA sAhiba' kahe jAte haiM aura rAja-sabhAmeM vartamAna rAjA hI 'rAjA' kahA jAtA hai| ityAdi samasta vyavahAra kahIM zabda, kahIM artha aura kahIM sthApanA arthAt jJAnase calate hue dekhe jAte haiN| aprastutakA nirAkaraNa karake prastutakA bodha karAnA, saMzayako dUra karanA aura tattvArthakA avadhAraNa karanA nikSepa-prakriyAkA prayojana hai| prAcIna zailImeM pratyeka zabdake prayogake samaya nikSepa karake samajhAnekI prakriyA dekhI jAtI hai| jaise-'ghar3A lAo' isa vAkyameM samajhAe~ge ki 'ghar3A' zabdase nAmaghaTa, sthApanAghaTa aura dravyaghaTa vivakSita nahIM, kintu 'bhAvaghaTa' vivakSita hai / zerake liye ronevAle bAlakako cupa karaneke liye nAmazera, dravyazera aura bhAvazera nahIM cAhiye; kintu sthApanAzera cAhiye / 'gajarAjako bulAo' yahA~ sthApanAgajarAja, dravyagajarAja yA bhAvagajarAja nahIM bulAyA jAtA kintu - 'nAma gajarAja' hI bulAyA jAtA hai| ataH aprastutakA nirAkaraNa karake prastutakA jJAna karanA nikSepakA mukhya prayojana hai| tIna aura sAta naya: ___isa taraha jaba hama pratyeka padArthako artha, zabda aura jJAnake AkAroMmeM bA~Tate hai to inake grAhaka jJAna bhI svabhAvataH tIna zreNiyoMmeM ba~Ta jAte haiM-jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya / kucha vyavahAra kevala jJAnAzrayI hote haiM, unameM arthake tathAbhUta honekI cintA nahIM hotI, ve kevala saMkalpase calate haiN| jaise-Aja 'mahAvIra jayantI' hai| arthake AdhArase calanevAle vyavahArameM eka ora nitya, eka aura vyApI rUpameM carama abhedakI kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai, to dUsarI ora kSaNikatva, paramANutva aura niraMzatvakI dRSTi se antima bhedakI klpnaa| tIsarI kalpanA ina donoM carama koTiyoMke madhyakI hai| pahalI koTimeM sarvathA abhedaekatva svIkAra karanevAle auSaniSada advaitavAdI haiM to dUsarI ora vastukI sUkSmatama vartamAnakSaNavartI arthaparyAyake Upara dRSTi rakhanevAle kSaNika niraMza paramANuvAdI bauddha haiN| tIsarI koTimeM padArthako nAnArUpase vyavahAra meM lAnevAle 1. "uktaM hi-avagayaNivAraNamu payadassa parUvaNANimittaM ca / saMsayaviNAsaNahU~ taccatthavadhAraNa] ca // " -dhavalA dI0 stpr0|

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340 jainadarzana naiyAyika, vaizeSika Adi haiN| cauthe prakArake vyakti haiM bhaassaashaastrii| ye eka hI arthameM vibhinna zabdoMke prayogako mAnate haiM; parantu zabdanaya zabdabhedase arthabhedako anivArya samajhatA hai| ina sabhI prakArake vyavahAroMke samanvayake liye jaina paramparAne 'naya-paddhati' svIkAra kI hai| nayakA artha hai-abhiprAya, dRSTi, vivakSA yA apekssaa| jJAnanaya, arthanaya aura zabdanaya : inameM jJAnAzrita vyavahArakA saMkalpamAtragrAhI naigamanayameM samAveza hotA hai / arthAzrita abheda vyavahArakA, jo "AtmaivedaM sarvam" "ekasmin vA vijJAte sarva vijJAtam" Adi upaniSad-vAkyoMse prakaTa hotA hai, saMgrahanayameM antarbhAva kiyA gayA hai| isase nIce tathA eka paramANukI vartamAnakAlIna eka arthaparyAyase pahale honevAle yAvat madhyavartI bhedoMko, jinameM naiyAyika, vaizeSikAdi darzana haiM, vyavahAranayameM zAmila kiyA gayA hai| arthakI AkhirI deza-koTi paramANurUpatA tathA antima kAla-koTimeM kSaNikatAko grahaNa karanevAlI bauddhadRSTi RjusUtranayameM sthAna pAtI hai| yahA~ taka arthako sAmane rakhakara bheda aura abheda kalpita hue haiN| aba zabdazAstriyoMkA nambara AtA hai| kAla, kAraka, saMkhyA tathA dhAtuke sAtha laganevAle bhinna-bhinna upasarga Adise prayukta honevAle zabdoMke vAcya artha bhinna-bhinna haiN| isa kAla-kArakAdivAcaka zabdabhedase arthabheda grahaNa karanevAlI dRSTikA zabdanayameM samAveza hotA hai| eka hI sAdhanase niSpanna tathA ekakAlavAcaka bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hote haiN| ataH ina paryAyavAcI zabdoMse bhI arthabheda mAnanevAlI dRSTi samabhirUDhameM sthAna pAtI hai / evambhUta naya kahatA hai ki jisa samaya, jo artha, jisa kriyAmeM pariNata ho, usI samaya, usameM, takriyAse niSpanna zabdakA prayoga honA caahiye| isakI dRSTi se sabhI zabda kriyAse niSpanna haiN| guNavAcaka 'zukla' zabda zucibhavanarUpa kriyAse, jAtivAcaka 'azva' zabda AzugamanarUpa kriyAse, kriyAvAcaka 'calati' zabda calanerUpa kriyAse aura nAmavAcaka yadRcchAzabda 'devadatta' Adi bhI 'devane isako diyA' Adi kriyAoMse niSpanna hote haiN| isa taraha jJAnAzrayI, arthAzrayI aura zabdAzrayI samasta vyavahAroMkA samanvaya ina nayoMmeM kiyA gayA hai| mUla naya sAta : nayoMke mUla bheda sAta haiM---naigama, saMgraha, vyavahAra, RjusUtra, zabda, samabhirUr3ha aura evaMbhUta / AcArya siddhasena ( sanmati0 1 / 4-5 ) abhedagrAhI naigamakA saMgrahameM tathA bhedagrAhI naigamakA vyavahAranayameM antarbhAva karake nayoMke chaha bheda hI mAnate

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naya-vicAra haiN| tattvArthabhASyameM nayoMke mUla bheda pA~ca mAnakara phira zabdanayake tIna bheda karake nayoMke sAta bheda ginAye haiN| naigamanayake dezaparikSepI aura sarvaparikSepI bheda bhI tattvArthabhASya ( 1 / 34-35 ) meM pAye jAte haiM / SaTkhaMDAgamameM nayoMke naigamAdi zabdAnta pA~ca bheda ginAye haiM, para kasAyapAhuDameM mUla pA~ca bheda ginAkara zabdanayake tIna bheda kara diye haiM aura naigamanayake saMgrahika aura asaMgrahika do bheda bhI kiye haiM / isa taraha sAta naya mAnanA prAyaH sarvasammata hai / naigamanaya: saMkalpamAtrako grahaNa karanevAlA naigamanaya hotA hai| jaise koI puruSa daravAjA banAneke liye lakar3I kATane jaMgala jA rahA hai| pUchanepara vaha kahatA hai ki 'daravAjA lene jA rahA huuN|' yahA~ daravAjA banAneke saMkalpameM hI 'daravAjA' vyavahAra kiyA gayA hai| saMkalpa satmeM bhI hotA hai aura asatmeM bhii| isI naigamanayakI maryAdAmeM anekoM aupacArika vyavahAra bhI Ate haiM / 'Aja mahAvIra jayantI hai' ityAdi vyavahAra isI nayakI dRSTise kiye jAte haiN| nigama gA~vako kahate haiM, ataH gA~voMmeM jisa prakArake grAmINa vyavahAra calate haiM ve saba isI nayakI dRSTise hote haiN| 2akalaMkadevane dharma aura dharmI donoMko gauNa-mukhyabhAvase grahaNa karanA naigama nayakA kArya batAyA hai| jaise-'jIvaH' kahanese jJAnAdi guNa gauNa hokara 'jIva dravya' hI mukhyarUpase vivakSita hotA hai aura 'jJAnavAn jIvaH' kahane meM jJAna-guNa mukhya ho jAtA hai aura jIva-dravya gauNa / yaha na kevala dharmako hI grahaNa karatA hai aura na kevala dharmIko hii| vivakSAnusAra donoM hI isake viSaya hote haiM / bheda aura abheda donoM hI isake kAryakSetrameM Ate haiN| do dharmoMmeM, do dharmiyoMmeM tathA dharma aura dharmImeM ekako pradhAna tathA anyako gauNa karake grahaNa karanA naigamanayakA hI kArya hai, jaba ki saMgrahanaya kevala abhedako hI viSaya karatA hai aura vyavahAranaya mAtra bhedako hI / yaha kisI ekapara niyata nahIM rahatA / ataH ise ( 4 naikaM gamaH ) naigama kahate haiN| kArya-kAraNa aura AdhAra-Adheya AdikI dRSTise honevAle sabhI 'prakArake upacAroMko bhI yahI viSaya karatA hai| 1. "anabhinivRttArthasaMkalpamAtragrAhI naigmH|" sarvArthasi0 1 / 33 2. laghI0 svavR0 zloka 39 / 3. ta0 zlokavA0 zlo0 269 / 4. dhavalATI0 satprarU0 /

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342 jainadarzana naigamAbhAsa : ___avayava-avayavI, guNa-guNI, kriyA-kriyAvAna, sAmAnya aura sAmAnyavAn AdimeM sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai; kyoMki guNa guNIse pRthaka apanI sattA nahIM rakhatA aura na guNoMkI upekSA karake guNI hI apanA astitva rakha sakatA hai| ataH inameM kathaMcittAdAtmya sambandha mAnanA hI ucita hai| isI taraha avayava-avayavI, kriyA-kriyAvAn tathA sAmAnya-vizeSameM bhI kathaMcittAdAtmya sambandhako chor3akara dUsarA sambandha nahIM hai| yadi guNa Adi guNI Adise sarvathA bhinna, svatantra padArtha hoM; to unameM niyata sambandha na hone ke kAraNa guNa-guNIbhAva Adi nahIM bana skeNge| kathaMcittAdAtmyakA artha hai ki guNa Adi guNI Adi rUpa hI haiM-unase bhinna nahIM haiN| jo svayaM jJAnarUpa nahIM hai vaha jJAnake samavAyase bhI 'jJa' kaise bana sakatA hai ? ataH vaizeSikakA guNa AdikA guNI Adise sarvathA nirapekSa bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai / ' sAMkhyakA jJAna aura sukha Adiko AtmAse bhinna mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai| sAMkhyakA kahanA hai ki triguNAtmaka prakRtike sukha-jJAnAdika dharma haiM, ve usImeM AvirbhUta aura tirohita hote rahate haiN| isI prakRti ke saMsargase puruSameM jJAnAdikI pratIti hotI hai| prakRti isa jJAnasukhAdirUpa 'vyaktakAryakI' dRSThise dRzya hai tathA apane kAraNarUpa 'avyakta' svarUpase adRzya hai / cetana puruSa kUTastha-apariNAmI nitya hai| caitanya buddhise bhinna hai| ataH cetana puruSakA dharma buddhi nahIM hai| isa taraha sAMkhyakA jJAna aura AtmAmeM sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai; kyoMki caitanya aura jJAnameM koI bheda nahIM hai / buddhi upalabdhi caitanya aura jJAna Adi sabhI paryAyavAcI haiM / sukha aura jJAnAdiko sarvathA anitya aura puruSako sarvathA nitya mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki kUTastha nitya puruSameM prakRtike saMsargase bhI vandha, mokSa aura bhoga Adi nahIM bana sakate / ataH puruSako pariNAmI-nitya hI mAnanA cAhiye, tabhI usameM bandha-mokSAdi vyavahAra ghaTa sakate haiM / tAtparya yaha ki abhedanirapekSa sarvathA bheda mAnanA naigamAbhAsa hai| saMgraha aura saMgrahAbhAsa : aneka paryAyoMko ekadravyarUpase yA aneka dravyoMko sAdRzya-mUlaka ekatvarUpase abhedanAhI saMgraha naya hotA hai / isakI dRSTimeM vidhi hI mukhya haiM / dravyako chor3akara 1. laghI0 sva0 zlo0 36 / 2. 'zuddhaM dravyamabhipreti sNgrhstdbhedtH|'-lghii0 zlo0 32 /

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naya-vicAra paryAyeM haiM hI nhiiN| yaha do prakArakA hotA hai-eka parasaMgraha aura dUsarA aparasaMgraha / parasaMgrahameM satarUpase samasta padArthoMkA saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai tathA aparasaMgrahameM ekadravyarUpase samasta paryAyoMkA tathA dravyarUpase samasta dravyoMkA, guNarUpase samasta guNoMkA, gotvarUpase samasta gauoMkA, manuSyatvarUpase samasta manuSyoMkA ityAdi saMgraha kiyA jAtA hai| yaha aparasaMgraha taba taka calatA hai jaba taka bhedamUlaka vyavahAra apanI caramakoTi taka nahIM pahu~ca jaataa| arthAt jaba vyavahAranaya bheda karate-karate RjusUtranayakI viSayabhUta eka vartamAnakAlIna kSaNavartI arthaparyAya taka pahu~catA hai yAnI saMgraha karaneke liye do raha hI nahIM jAte, taba aparasaMgrahakI maryAdA samApta ho jAtI hai| parasaMgrahake bAda aura RjusUtranayase pahale aparasaMgraha aura vyavahAranayakA samAna kSetra hai, para dRSTimeM bheda hai| jaba aparasaMgrahameM sAdRzyamUlaka yA dravyamUlaka abhedadRSTi mukhya hai aura isIliye vaha ekatva lAkara saMgraha karatA hai taba vyavahAra nayameM bhedakI hI pradhAnatA hai, vaha paryAya-paryAyameM bhI bheda DAlatA hai| parasaMgrahanayakI dRSTimeM sadrUpase sabhI padArtha eka haiM, unameM kisI prakArakA bheda nahIM hai / jIva, ajIva Adi sabhI sadrUpase abhinna haiM / jisa prakAra eka citrajJAna apane aneka nIlAdi AkAroMmeM vyApta haiM usI taraha sanmAtra tattva sabhI padArthoM meM vyApta hai / jIva, ajIva Adi sabhI usIke bheda haiM / koI bhI jJAna sanmAtratattvako jAne binA bhedoMko nahIM jAna sktaa| koI bhI bheda sanmAtrase bAhara arthAt asat nahIM hai| pratyakSa cAhe cetana sukhAdimeM pravRtti kare, yA bAhya acetana nIlAdi padArthoMko jAne, vaha sadrUpase abhedAMzako viSaya karatA hI hai| itanA dhyAna rakhanekI bAta hai ki eka-dravyamUlaka paryAyoMke saMgrahake sivAya anya sabhI prakArake saMgraha sAdRzyamUlaka ekatvakA Aropa karake hI hote haiM aura ve kevala saMkSipta zabdavyavahArakI suvidhAke liye haiM / do svatantra dravyoMmeM cAhe ve sajAtIya hoM, yA vijAtIya, vAstavika ekatva A hI nahIM sktaa| saMgrahanayakI isa abhedadRSTise sIdhI Takkara lenevAlI bauddhakI bhedadRSTi hai, jisameM abhedako kalpanAtmaka kahakara usakA vastumeM koI sthAna hI nahIM rahane diyA hai| isa Atyantika bhedake kAraNa hI bauddha avayavI, sthUla, nitya Adi abhedadRSTike viSayabhUta padArthoMkI sattA hI nahIM mAnate / nityAMza kAlika abhedake AdhArapara sthira hai; kyoMki jaba vahI eka dravya trikAlAnuyAyI hotA hai tabhI vaha nitya kahA jA sakatA hai| avayavI aura sthUlatA daizika abhedake AdhArase mAne jAte haiN| jaba eka vastu aneka avayavoMmeM kathaJcittAdAtmyarUpase vyApti rakhe, tabhI

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jainadarzana vaha avayavIvyapadeza pA sakatI hai| sthUla tAmeM bhI anekapradezavyApitvarUpa daizika abhedadRSTi hI apekSaNIya hotI hai| isa nayakI dRSTise kaha sakate haiM 'vizva sanmAtrarUpa hai, eka hai, advaita hai; kyoMki sadrUpase cetana aura acetanameM koI bheda nahIM hai| advayabrahmavAda saMgrahAbhAsa hai, kyoMki isameM bhedakA "neha nAnAsti kiJcana" (kaThopa0 4 / 11) kahakara sarvathA nirAkaraNa kara diyA hai| saMgrahanayameM abheda mukhya honepara bhI bhedakA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA, vaha gauNa avazya ho jAtA hai, para usake astitbase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| advayabrahmavAdameM kAraka aura kriyAoMke pratyakSasiddha bhedakA nirAkaraNa ho jAtA hai| karmadvaita, phaladvaita, lokadvaita, vidyA-avidyAdvaita Adi sabhIkA lopa isa matameM prApta hotA hai| ataH sAMgrahika vyavahArake liye bhale hI parasaMgrahanaya jagatke samasta padArthoMko 'sat' kaha le, para isase pratyeka dravyake maulika astitvakA lopa nahIM ho sktaa| vijJAnakI prayogazAlA pratyeka aNukA apanA svatantra astitva svIkAra karatI hai| ataH saMgrahanayakI upayogitA abhedavyavahArake liye hI hai, vastusthitikA lopa karaneke liye nhiiN| isI taraha zabdAdvaita bhI saMgrahAbhAsa hai| yaha isaliye ki isameM bhedakA aura dravyoMke usa maulika astitvakA nirAkaraNa kara diyA jAtA hai, jo pramANase prasiddha to hai hI, vijJAnane bhI jise pratyakSa kara dikhAyA hai| vyavahAra aura avyavahArAbhAsaH / saMgrahanayake dvArA saMgRhIta arthameM vidhipUrvaka, avisaMvAdI aura vastusthitimUlaka bheda karanevAlA vyavahAranaya hai| yaha vyavahAranaya lokaprasiddha vyavahArakA avirodhI hotA hai| lokavyavahAraviruddha, visaMvAdI aura vastusthitikI upekSA karanevAlI bhedakalpanA vyavahArAbhAsa hai| lokavyavahAra artha, zabda aura jJAna tInoMse calatA hai| jIvavyavahAra jIva-artha jIva-viSayaka jJAna aura jIva-zabda tInoMse sadhatA hai| 'vastu utpAdavyaya- dhrauvyavAlI hai, dravya guNa-paryAya vAlA hai, 1. 'sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt'-tattvArthabhA0 1135 / 2. 'saMgrahanayAkSiptAnAmarthAnAM vidhipUrvakamavaharaNaM vyvhaarH|' -sarvArthasi0 1 / 33 / 3. 'kalpanAropitadravyaparyAyapravibhAgabhAk / pramANabAdhito'nyastu tadAbhAso'vasIyatAm ||'-t0 zlo0 pR0 271 /

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naya-vicAra 345 jIva caitanyarUpa hai' ityAdi bhedaka-vAkya pramANAvirodhI haiM tathA lokavyavahArameM avisaMvAdI honese pramANa haiM / ye vastugata abhedakA nirAkaraNa na karaneke kAraNa tathA parvAparAvirodhI honese satvyavahArake viSaya haiN| sautrAntikakA jar3a yA cetana sabhI padArthoMko sarvathA kSaNika niraMza aura paramANurUpa mAnanA, yogAcArakA kSaNika avibhAgI vijJAnAdvaita mAnanA, mAdhyamikakA nirAvalambana jJAna yA sarvazUnyatA svIkAra karanA pramANavirodhI aura lokavyavahAra meM visaMvAdaka honese vyavahArAbhAsa hai| ___ jo bheda vastuke apane nijI maulika ekatvako apekSA rakhatA hai, vaha vyavahAra hai aura abhedakA sarvathA nirAkaraNa karanevAlA vyavahArAbhAsa hai| do svatantra dravyoMmeM vAstavika bheda hai, unameM sAdRzyake kAraNa abheda Aropita hotA hai, jaba ki ekadravyake guNa aura paryAyoMmeM vAstavika abheda hai, unameM bheda usa akhaNDa vastukA vizleSaNakara samajhaneke lie kalpita hotA hai| isa mUla vastusthitiko lA~dhakara bhedakalpanA yA abhedakalpanA tadAbhAsa hotI hai, pAramArthika nhiiN| vizvake ananta dravyoM kA apanA vyaktitva maulika bhedapara hI TikA huA hai / eka dravyake guNAdikA bheda vastutaH mithyA kahA jA sakatA hai aura use avidyAkalpita kahakara pratyeka dravyake advaita taka pahu~ca sakate haiM, para ananta advaitoMmeM to kyA, do advaitoMmeM bhI abhedakI kalpanA usI taraha aupacArika hai, jaise senA, vana, prAnta aura deza Adi kI kalpanA / vaizeSikakI pratItiviruddha dravyAdibhedakalpanA bhI vyavahArAbhAsameM AtI hai| RjusUtra aura tadAbhAsa: ___ vyavahAranaya taka bheda aura abhedakI kalpanA mukhyatayA aneka dravyoMko sAmane rakhakara calatI hai| 'eka dravyameM bhI kAlakramase paryAyabheda hotA hai aura vartamAna kSaNakA atIta aura anAgatase koI sambandha nahIM hai' yaha vicAra RjusUtranaya prastuta karatA hai| yaha naya' vartamAnakSaNavartI zuddha arthaparyAyako hI viSaya karatA hai| atIta cUMki vinaSTa hai aura anAgata anutpanna hai, ataH usameM paryAya vyavahAra hI nahIM ho sktaa| isakI dRSTi se nitya koI vastu nahIM hai aura sthUla bhI koI cIja nahIM hai / sarala sUtakI taraha yaha kevala vartamAna paryAyako sparza karatA hai / 1. 'paccuppannaggAhI ujjusuo NayavihI muNeyavvo |'-anuyog0 dvA0 4 / akalaGkagranthatraya Ti0 pR0 146 / 2. 'sUtrapAtavad RjusUtraH / ' tattvArthavA0 133

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346 jainadarzane yaha naya pacyamAna vastuko bhI aMzataH paktra kahatA hai / kriyamANako bhI aMzataH kRta, bhujyamAnako bhI bhukta aura baddhyamAnako bhI baddha kahanA isakI sUkSmadRSTimeM zAmila hai| ___ isa nayakI dRSTise 'kumbhakAra' vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki jaba taka kumhAra zivika, chatraka Adi paryAyoMko kara rahA hai, taba taka to kumbhakAra kahA nahIM jA sakatA, aura jaba kumbha paryAyakA samaya AtA hai, taba vaha svayaM apane upAdAnase niSpanna ho jAtI hai| aba kise karaneke kAraNa vaha 'kumbhakAra' kahA jAya ? jisa samaya jo Akarake baiThA hai, vaha yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki 'abhI hI A rahA hU~' isa nayakI dRSTimeM 'grAmanivAsa', 'gRha nivAsa' Adi vyavahAra nahIM ho sakate, kyoMki hara vyakti svAtmasthita hotA hai, vaha na to grAmameM rahatA hai aura na gharameM hii| _ 'kauA kAlA hai' yaha nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki kauA kauA hai aura kAlA kaalaa| yadi kAlA kauA ho; to samasta bhauMrA Adi kAle padArtha kauA ho jaayNge| yadi kauA kAlA ho; to sapheda kauA nahIM ho skegaa| phira kauAke rakta, mAMsa, pitta, haDDI, camar3I Adi milakara pacaraMgI vastu hote haiM, ataH use kevala kAlA hI kaise kaha sakate haiM ? ___ isa nayakI dRSTimeM palAlakA dAha nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki AgIkA sulagAnA, dhauMkanA aura jalAnA Adi asaMkhya samayakI kriyAe~ vartamAna kSaNa meM nahIM ho sktiiN| jisa samaya dAha hai usa samaya palAla nahIM aura jisa samaya palAla hai usa samaya dAha nahIM, taba palAladAha kaisA ? 'jo palAla hai vaha jalatA hai' yaha bhI nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki bahuta-sA palAla binA jalA huA par3A hai| ___ isa nayakI sUkSma vizleSaka dRSTimeM pAna, bhojana Adi aneka-samaya-sAdhya koI bhI kriyAe~ nahIM bana sakatIM; kyoMki eka kSaNameM to kriyA hotI nahIM aura vartamAnakA atIta aura anAgatase koI sambandha ise svIkAra nahIM hai| jisa dravyarUpI mAdhyamase pUrva aura uttara paryAyoMmeM sambandha juTatA hai usa mAdhyamakA astitva hI ise svIkArya nahIM hai| isa nayako lokavyavahArake virodhakI koI cintA nahIM haiM / ' loka vyavahAra 1. "nanu saMvyavahAralopaprasaGga iti cet, na; asya nayasya viSayamAtrapradarzanaM kriyate / sarvanayasamUhasAdhyo hi loksNvyvhaarH|" -sarvArthasi0 1 / 33 /

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naya-vicAra to yathAyogya vyavahAra, naigama Adi anya nayoMse calegA hii| itanA saba kSaNaparyAyakI dRSTise vizleSaNa karanepara bhI yaha naya dravyakA lopa nahIM krtaa| vaha paryAyakI mukhyatA bhale hI kara le, para dravyakI paramArthasattA use kSaNakI taraha hI svIkRta hai| usakI dRSTimeM dravyakA astitva gauNarUpameM vidyamAna rahatA hI hai|| bauddhakA sarvathA kSaNikavAda RjusUtranayAbhAsa hai, kyoMki usameM dravyakA vilopa ho jAtA hai aura jaba nirvANa avasthAmeM cittasantati dIpakakI taraha bujha jAtI hai, yAnI astitvazUnya ho jAtI hai, taba unake matameM dravyakA sarvathA lopa spaSTa ho jAtA hai| kSaNika pakSakA samanvaya RjusUtranaya tabhI kara sakatA hai, jaba usameM dravyakA pAramArthika astitva vidyamAna rahe, bhale hI vaha gauNa ho / parantu vyavahAra aura svarUpabhUta arthakriyAke liye usakI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai / zabdanaya aura tadAbhAsa : kAla, kAraka, liMga tathA saMkhyAke bhedase zabdabheda hone para unake bhinna-bhinna arthoMko grahaNa karanevAlA zabdanaya' hai| zabdanayake abhiprAyameM atIta, anAgata aura vartamAnakAlIna kriyAoMke sAtha prayukta honevAlA eka hI devadatta bhinna ho jAtA hai| 'karoti kriyate' Adi bhinna sAdhanoMke sAtha prayukta devadatta bhI bhinna hai / 'devadattaH devadattA' isa liMgabhedameM prayukta honevAlA devadatta bhI eka nahIM hai| ekavacana, dvivacana aura bahuvacanameM prayukta honevAlA devadatta bhI bhinna-bhinna hai / isakI dRSTimeM bhinnakAlIna, bhinnakArakaniSpanna, bhinnaliMgaka aura bhinnasaMkhyAka zabda eka arthake vAcaka nahIM ho skte| zabdabhedase arthabheda honA hI caahiye| zabdanaya una vaiyAkaraNoMke tarIkeko anyAyya samajhatA hai jo zabdabheda mAnakara bhI arthabheda nahIM mAnanA cAhate, arthAt jo ekAntanitya Adi rUpa padArtha mAnate haiM, usameM paryAyabheda svIkAra nahIM karate / unake matameM kAlakArakAdibheda hone para bhI artha ekarUpa banA rahatA hai| taba yaha naya kahatA hai ki tumhArI mAnyatA ucita nahIM hai| eka hI devadatta kaise vibhinna liMgaka, bhinnasaMkhyAka aura bhinnakAlIna zabdoM kA vAcya ho sakegA ? usameM bhinna zabdoMkI vAcyabhUta paryAyeM bhinna-bhinna svIkAra karanI hI cAhiye, anyathA liMgavyabhicAra, sAdhanavyabhicAra aura kAlavyabhicAra Adi bane rheNge| vyabhicArakA yahA~ artha hai zabdabheda hone para arthabheda nahIM mAnanA, yAnI eka hI arthakA vibhinna zabdoMse anucita sambandha / anucita 1. "kAlakArakaliGgAdibhedAcchabdo'rthabhedakRt / " -laghI0 zlo0 44 / akalaGkagranthatrayaTi0 pR0 146 /

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348 jainadarzana isaliye ki hara zabdakI vAcakazakti judA-judA hotI hai| yadi padArthameM tadanukUla vAkyazakti nahIM mAnI jAtI hai to anaucitya to spaSTa hI hai, unakA mela kaise baiTha sakatA hai ? kAla svayaM pariNamana karanevAle vartanAzIla padArthoke pariNamanameM sAdhAraNa nimitta hotA hai| isake bhUta, bhaviSyat aura vartamAna ye tIna bheda haiN| kevala zakti tathA anapekSa dravya aura zaktiko kAraka nahIM kahate; kintu zaktiviziSTa dravyako kAraka kahate haiM / liMga cihnako kahate haiM / jo garbhadhAraNa kare vaha strI, jo putrAdikI utpAdaka sAmarthya rakhe vaha puruSa aura jisameM donoM hI sAmarthya na hoM vaha napuMsaka kahalAtA hai| kAlAdike ye lakSaNa anekAnta arthameM hI bana sakate haiM / eka hI vastu vibhinna sAmagrIke milane para SaTkArakI rUpase pariNati kara sakatI hai| kAlAdike bhedase eka hI dravyakI nAnA paryAyeM ho sakatI haiN| sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anitya vastumeM aise pariNamanakI sambhAvanA nahIM hai, kyoMki sarvathA nityameM utpAda aura vyaya tathA sarvathA kSaNikameM sthairya-dhrauvya nahIM hai| isa taraha kArakavyavasthA na honese vibhinna kArakoMmeM niSpanna SaTakArakI, strIliMgAdi liMga aura vacanabheda AdikI vyavasthA ekAntapakSameM sambhava nahIM hai| ___ yaha zabdanaya vaiyAkaraNoMko zabdazAstrakI siddhikA dArzanika AdhAra prastuta karatA hai, aura batAtA hai ki siddhi anekAntase hI ho sakatI hai| jaba taka vastuko anekAntAtmaka nahIM mAnoge, taba taka ekI vartamAna paryAyameM vibhinnaliMgaka, vibhinnasaMkhyAka zabdoMkA prayoga nahIM kara sakoge, anyathA vyabhicAra doSa hogaa| ataH usa eka paryAyameM bhI zabdabhedase arthabheda mAnanA hI hogaa| jo vaiyAkaraNa aisA nahIM mAnate unakA zabdabheda honepara bhI arthabheda na mAnanA zabdanayAbhAsa hai| unake matameM upasargabheda, anyapuruSakI jagaha madhyamapuruSa Adi puruSabheda, bhAvi aura vartamAnakriyAkA eka kArakase sambandha Adi samasta vyAkaraNakI prakriyAe~ nirAdhAra evaM niviSayaka ho jAyeMgI / isIliye jainendravyAkaraNake racayitA AcAryavarya pUjyapAdane apane jainendravyAkaraNakA prArambha "siddhiranekAntAta" sUtrase aura AcArya hema candrane hemazabdAnuzAsanakA prArambha "siddhiH syAdvAdAt" sUtrase kiyA hai / ataH anya vaiyAkaraNoMkA pracalita krama zabdanayAbhAsa hai / samabhirUDha aura tadAbhAsa : ekakAlavAcaka, ekaliMgaka tathA ekasaMkhyAka bhI aneka paryAyavAcI zabda hote haiN| samabhirUDhanayA' una pratyeka paryAyavAcI zabdoMkA bhI arthabheda mAnatA hai / 1. 'abhirUDhastu paryAyaiH'laghI0 zlo0 44 : akalaGkagranthatrayaTi0 pR0 147 /

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naya-vicAra 349 isa nayake abhiprAyase ekaliMgavAle indra, zakra aura purandara ina tIna zabdoMmeM pravRttinimittakI bhinnatA honese bhinnArthavAcakatA hai| zakra zabda zAsanakriyAkI apekSAse, indra zabda indana-aizvaryakriyAkI apekSAse aura purandara zabda pUrdAraNa kriyAkI apekSAse, pravRtta huA hai| ataH tInoM zabda vibhinna avasthAoMke vAcaka haiM / zabdanayameM ekaliMgavAle paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM arthabheda nahIM thA, para samabhirUDhanaya pravRttinimittoMkI vibhinnatA honese paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM bhI arthabheda mAnatA hai| yaha naya una kozakAroMko dArzanika AdhAra prastuta karatA hai, jinane eka hI rAjA yA pRthvIke aneka nAma-paryAyavAcI zabda to prastuta kara diye haiM, para usa padArthameM una paryAyazabdoMkI vAcyazakti judA-judA svIkAra nahIM kii| jisa prakAra eka artha aneka zabdoMkA vAcya nahIM ho sakatA, usI prakAra eka zabda aneka arthoMkA vAcaka bhI nahIM ho sakatA / eka gozabdake gyAraha artha nahIM ho sakate; usa zabdameM gyAraha prakArakI vAcakazakti mAnanA hI hogii| anyathA yadi vaha jisa zaktise pathivIkA vAcaka hai usI zaktise gAyakA bhI vAcaka ho; to ekazaktika zabdase vAcya honeke kAraNa pRthivI aura gAya donoM eka ho jAyeMge / ataH zabdameM vAcyabhedake hisAbase aneka vAcakazaktiyoMkI taraha padArthameM bhI vAcakabhedakI apekSA aneka vAcakazaktiyA~ mAnanI hI cAhiye / pratyeka zabdake vyutpattinimitta aura pravRttinimitta jude-jude hote haiM, unake anusAra vAcyabhUta arthameM paryAyabheda yA zaktibheda mAnanA hI cAhiye / yadi ekarUpa hI padArtha ho; to usameM vibhinna kriyAoMse niSpanna aneka zabdoMkA prayoga hI nahIM ho skegaa| isa taraha samabhirUDhanaya paryAyavAcI zabdoMkI apekSA bhI arthabheda svIkAra karatA hai| paryAyavAcI zabdabheda mAnakara bhI arthabheda nahIM mAnanA samabhirUDhanayAbhAsa hai| jo mata padArthako ekAntarUpa mAnakara bhI aneka zabdoMkA prayoga karate haiM unakI yaha mAnyatA tadAbhAsa hai| evambhUta aura tadAbhAsa : evambhUtanaya', padArtha jisa samaya jisa kriyAmeM pariNata ho usa samaya usI kriyAse niSpanna zabdakI pravRtti svIkAra karatA hai| jisa samaya zAsana kara rahA ho usI samaya use zakra kaheMge, indana-kriyAke samaya nhiiN| jisa samaya ghaTanakriyA ho rahI ho, usI samaya use ghaTa kahanA cAhiye, anya samayameM nhiiN| 1. 'yenAtmanA bhUtastenaivAdhyavasAyayati ityevambhUtaH / ' -sarvArthasiddhi 1 / 33 / akalaGkagranthatrayaTi0 pR0 147 /

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350 jainadarzana samabhirUDhanaya usa samaya kriyA ho yA na ho, para zaktikI apekSA anya zabdoMkA prayoga bhI svIkAra kara letA hai, parantu evambhUtanaya aisA nahIM karatA / kriyAkSaNameM hI kAraka kahA jAya, anya kSaNameM nahIM / pUjA karate samaya hI pujArI kahA jAya, anya samayameM nahIM; aura pUjA karate samaya use anya zabdase bhI nahIM kahA jAya / isa taraha samabhirUDhanayake dvArA vartamAna paryAyameM zaktibheda mAnakara jo aneka paryAyazabdoMke prayogakI svIkRti thI, vaha isakI dRSTimeM nahIM hai| yaha to kriyAkA dhanI hai / vartamAnameM zaktikI abhivyakti dekhatA hai| tatkriyAkAlameM anya zabdakA prayoga karanA yA usa zabdakA prayoga nahIM karanA evambhUtAbhAsa hai| isa nayako vyavahArakI koI cintA nahIM hai| hA~, kabhI-kabhI isase bhI vyavahArakI aneka gutthiyA~ sulajha jAtI haiN| nyAyAdhIza jaba nyAyako kurasIpara baiThatA hai tabhI nyAyAdhIza hai| anya kAlameM bhI yadi usake sirapara nyAyAdhIzatva savAra ho, to gRhasthI calanA kaThina ho jAya / ataH vyavahArako jo sarvanayasAdhya kahA hai, vaha ThIka hI kahA hai| naya uttarottara sUkSma aura alpaviSayaka haiM : ina nayoMmeM uttarottara sUkSmatA aura alpaviSayatA hai| naigamanaya saMkalpagrAhI honese sat aura asat donoMko viSaya karatA hai, jaba ki saMgrahanaya 'sat' taka hI sImita hai| naigamanaya bheda aura abheda donoMko gauNa-mukhyabhAvase viSaya karatA hai, jaba ki saMgrahanayakI dRSTi kevala abhedapara hai, ataH naigamanaya mahAviSayaka aura sthUla hai, parantu saMgrahanaya alpaviSayaka aura sUkSma hai| sanmAtragrAhI saMgrahanayase sadvizeSagrAhI vyavahAra alpaviSayaka hai / saMgrahake dvArA saMgRhIta arthameM vyavahAra bheda karatA hai, ataH vaha alpaviSayaka ho hI jAtA hai| vyavahAranaya dravyagrAhI aura trikAlavartI madvizeSako viSaya karatA hai, ataH vartamAnakAlIna paryAyako grahaNa karanevAlA RjusUtra usase sUkSma ho hI jAtA hai| zabdabhedakI cintA nahIM karanevAle RjusUtranayase vartamAnakAlIna eka paryAyameM bhI zabdabhedase arthabhedakI cintA karanevAlA zabdanaya sUkSma hai| paryAyavAcI zabdoMmeM bheda honepara bhI arthabheda na mAnanevAle zabdanayase paryAyavAcI zabdoM dvArA padArthameM zaktibheda kalpanA karanevAlA samabhirUDhanaya sUkSma hai / zabdaprayogameM kriyAko cintA nahIM karanevAle samabhirUDhase kriyAkAlameM hI usa zabdakA prayoga mAnanevAlA evambhUta sUkSmatama aura alpaviSayaka hai| 1. 'evamete nayAH pUrvapUrva viruddhamahAviSayA uttarottarAnukUlAlpaviSayAH / ' -tattvArthavA0 1636 /

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naya-vicAra arthanaya, zabdanaya : ___ ina sAta nayoMmeM RjusUtra paryanta cAra naya arthavAhI honese arthanaya' hai| yadyapi naigamanaya saMkalpanAhI honese arthakI sImAse bAhira ho jAtA thA, para naigamakA viSaya bheda aura abheda donoMko hI mAnakara use arthagrAhI kahA gayA hai| zabda Adi tIna naya padavidyA arthAt vyAkaraNazAstra-zabdazAstrakI sImA aura bhUmikAkA varNana karate haiM, ataH ye zabdanaya haiN| dravyAthika-paryAyAthikavibhAga : naigama, saMgraha aura vyavahAra ye tIna dravyArthika naya haiM aura RjusUtrAdi cAra naya paryAyAthika haiM / prathamake tIna nayoMkI dravyapara dRSTi rahatI hai, jaba ki zeSa cAra nayoMkA vartamAnakAlIna paryAyapara hI vicAra cAlU hotA hai / yadyapi vyavahAranayameM bheda pradhAna hai aura bhedako bhI kahIM-kahIM paryAya kahA hai, parantu vyavahAranaya ekadravyagata UrdhvatAsAmAnyameM kAlika paryAyoMkA antima bheda nahIM karatA, usakA kSetra anekadravyameM bheda karanekA mukhyarUpase hai| vaha ekadravyakI paryAyoMmeM bheda karake bhI antima ekakSaNavartI paryAya taka nahIM pahu~ca pAtA, ataH ise zuddha paryAyArthikameM zAmila nahIM kiyA hai / jaise ki naigamanaya kabhI paryAyako aura kabhI dravyako viSaya karaneke kAraNa ubhayAvalambI honemeM dravyArthikameM hI antarbhUta hai usI taraha vyavahAranaya bhI bhedapradhAna hokara bhI dravyako viSaya karatA hai, ataH vaha bhI dravyAthikakI hI sImAmeM hai| RjusUtrAdi cAra naya to spaSTa hI ekasamayavartI paryAyako sAmane rakhakara vicAra calAte haiM, ataH paryAyArthika haiM / A0 jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa RjusUtrako bhI dravyArthika mAnate haiM / nizcaya aura vyavahAra : adhyAtmazAstrameM nayoMke nizcaya aura vyavahAra ye do bheda prasiddha haiN| nizcayanayako bhUtArtha aura vyavahAranayako abhUtArtha bhI vahIM batAyA hai| jisa prakAra advaitavAdameM pAramArthika aura byAvahArika do rUpameM aura zUnyavAda yA vijJAnavAdameM paramArtha aura sAMvRta do rUpameM yA upaniSadoMmeM sUkSma aura sthUla do rUpoMmeM tattvake varNanakI paddhati dekhI jAtI hai usI taraha jaina adhyAtmameM bhI nizcaya 1. 'catvAro'rthAzrayAH zeSAstrayaM zabdataH / -siddhivi0 / laghI0 zlo0 72 / 2. vizeSA0 gA0 75,77,2262 / 3. samayasAra gA0 11 /

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352 jainadarzana aura vyavahAra ina do prakAroMko apanAyA hai / antara itanA hai ki jaina adhyAtmakA nizcayanaya vAstavika sthitiko upAdAnake AdhArase pakar3atA hai; vaha anya padArthoMke astitvakA niSedha nahIM karatA; jaba ki vedAnta yA vijJAnadvaitakA paramArtha anya padArthoMke astitvako hI samApta kara detA hai / buddhakI dharmadezanAko paramArthasatya aura lokasaMvRtisatya ina do rUpase' ghaTAnekA bhI prayatna huA hai| nizcayanaya paranirapekSa svabhAvakA varNana karatA hai| jina paryAyoMmeM 'para' nimitta par3a jAtA hai unheM vaha zuddha svakIya nahIM khtaa| parajanya paryAyoMko 'para' mAnatA hai| jaise-jIvake rAgAdi bhAvoMmeM yadyapi AtmA svayaM upAdAna hotA hai, vahI rAgarUpase pariNati karatA hai, parantu cUMki ye bhAva karmanimittaka haiM, ataH inheM vaha apane AtmAke nijarUpa nahIM maantaa| anya AtmAoM aura jagatke samasta ajIvoMko to vaha apanA mAna hI nahIM sakatA, kintu jina AtmavikAsake sthAnoMmeM parakA thor3A bhI nimittatva hotA hai unheM vaha 'para'ke khAtemeM hI khatayA detA hai / isIliye samayasArameM jaba AtmAke varNa, rasa, sparza Adi prasiddha pararUpoMkA niSedha kiyA hai to usI jhoMkameM guNasthAna Adi paranimittaka svadharmoMkA bhI niSedha kara diyA gayA haiM 12 dUsare zabdoMmeM nizcayanaya apane mUla lakSya yA AdarzakA khAlisa varNana karanA cAhatA hai, jisase sAdhakako bhrama na ho aura vaha bhaTaka na jAya / isaliye AtmAkA naizcayika varNana karate samaya zuddha jJAyaka rUpa hI AtmAkA svarUpa prakAzita kiyA gayA hai| bandha aura rAgAdiko bhI usI eka 'para' koTimeM DAla diyA hai jisameM pudgala Adi prakaTa parapadArtha par3e hue haiM / vyavahAranaya parasAkSepa paryAyoMko grahaNa karanevAlA hotA hai| paradravya to svatantra haiM, ataH unheM to apanA kahanekA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| adhyAtmazAstrakA uddezya hai ki vaha sAdhakako yaha spaSTa batA de ki tumhArA gantavya sthAna kyA hai ? tumhArA parama dhyeya aura carama lakSya kyA ho sakatA hai ? bIcake par3Ava tumhAre sAdhya nahIM haiM / tumheM to unase bahuta U~ce uThakara parama svAvalambI bananA hai| lakSyakA do TUka varNana kiye binA mohI jIva bhaTaka hI jAtA hai| sAdhakako una svopAdAnaka, kintu paranimittaka vibhUti yA vikAroMse 1. 'dve satye samupAzritya buddhAnAM dharmadezanA / lokasaMvRtisatyaM ca satyaM ca paramArthataH // ' mAdhyamikakArikA, AryasatyaparIkSA, zlo0 8 / 2. 'Neva ya jIvaTTANA Na guNaTThANA ya atthi jiivss| jeNa du ede savve puggaladavvassa pajjAyA // 55 / -samayasAra /

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naya-vicAra usI taraha alisa rahanA hai, unase Upara uThanA hai, jisa taraha ki vaha strI, putrAdi paracetana tathA dhana-dhAnyAdi para acetana padArthoMse nAtA tor3akara svAvalambI mArga pakar3atA hai| yadyapi yaha sAdhakakI bhAvanA mAtra hai, para ise A0 kundakundane dArzanika AdhAra pakar3AyA hai| ve usa lokavyavahArako heya mAnate haiM, jisameM aMzataH bhI parAvalambana ho| kintu yaha dhyAnameM rakhanekI bAta hai ki ye satyasthitikA apalApa nahIM karanA caahte| ve likhate haiM ki 'jIvake pariNAmoMko nimitta pAkara pudgaladravya karmaparyAyako prApta hote haiM aura una karmoMke nimittase jovameM rAgAdi pariNAma hote haiM, yadyapi donoM apane-apane pariNAmoMmeM upAdAna hote haiM, para ve pariNamana parasparahetuka-anyonyanimittaka hai|' unhoMne "aNNopNaNimitteNa" padase isI bhAvakA samarthana kiyA hai| yAnI kArya upAdAna aura nimitta donoM sAmagrIse hotA hai| isa tathyakA ve apalApa nahIM karake usakA vivecana karate haiM aura jagatke usa ahaMkAramUlaka naimittika kartRtvakA kharA vizleSaNa karake kahate haiM ki batAo 'kumhArane ghar3A banAyA' isameM kumhArane Akhira kyA kiyA ? yaha sahI hai ki kumhArako ghar3A banAnekI icchA huI, usane upayoga lagAyA aura yoga- arthAt hAtha-paira hilAye, kintu 'ghaTa' paryAya to Akhira miTTImeM hI utpanna hii| yadi kumhArakI icchA, jJAna aura prayatna hI ghaTake antima utpAdaka hote to unase reta yA pattharameM bhI ghar3A utpanna ho jAnA cAhiye thA / Akhira vaha miTTIkI upAdAnayogyatApara hI nirbhara karatA hai, vahI yogyatA ghaTAkAra bana jAtI hai| yaha ThIka hai ki kumhArake jJAna, icchA, aura prayatnake nimitta bane binA miTTIkI yogyatA vikasita nahIM ho sakatI thI, para itane nimittamAtrase hama upAdAnakI nijayogyatAkI vibhUtikI upekSA nahIM kara sakate / isa nimittakA ahaMkAra to dekhie ki jisameM raMcamAtra bhI isakA aMza nahIM jAtA, arthAt na to kumhArakA jJAna miTTI meM dhaMsatA hai, na icchA aura na prayatna, phira bhI vaha 'kumbhakAra' kahalAtA hai ! kumbhake rUpa, rasa, gandha aura sparza Adi miTTIse hI utpanna hote haiM, usakA eka bhI guNa 1. 'jIvavariNAmahedaM kammattaM puggalA prinnmNti| ghuggalakammaNimittaM taheva jIvovi pariNamai // 8 // Na vi kuvai kammaguNe jIvo kammaM taheva jIvaguNe / aNNoNNaNimitteNa du pariNAma jANa doNhaM pi // 81 // ' -smysaar| 2. 'jIvo Na karedi ghaDaM va paDaM Neva sesage dave / joguvaogA uppAdagA ya tesiM havadi kattA ||10||'-smysaar /

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354 jainadarzana kumhArane upajAyA nahIM hai / kumhArakA eka bhI guNa miTTImeM pahu~cA nahIM hai, phira bhI vaha sarvAdhikArI banakara 'kumbhakAra' honekA durabhimAna karatA hai ! - rAga, dveSa AdikI sthiti yadyapi vibhinna prakArakI hai; kyoMki isameM AtmA svayaM rAga aura dveSa Adi paryAyoM rUpase pariNata hotA hai, phira bhI yahA~ ve vizleSaNa karate haiM ki batAo to sahI-kyA zuddha AtmA inameM upAdAna banatA hai ? yadi siddha aura zuddha AtmA rAgAdimeM upAdAna banane lage; to muktikA kyA svarUpa raha jAtA hai ? ataH inameM upAdAna rAgAdiparyAyase viziSTa AtmA hI banatA hai, dUsare zabdoMmeM rAgAdise hI rAgAdi hote haiN| nizcayanaya jIva aura karmake - anAdi bandhanase inakAra nahIM krtaa| para usa baMdhanakA vizleSaNa karatA hai ki jaba do svataMtra dravya haiM to inakA saMyoga hI to ho sakatA hai, tAdAtmya nhiiN| kevala saMyoga to aneka dravyoMse isa AtmAkA sadA hI rahanevAlA hai, kevala vaha hAnikAraka nahIM hotaa| dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla tathA anya aneka AtmAoMse isakA sambandha barAbara maujUda hai, para usase isake svarUpa meM koI vikAra nahIM hotaa| siddhizilApara vidyamAna siddhAtmAoMke sAtha vahA~ke pudgala paramANaoMkA saMyoga hai hI, para itane mAtrase unameM bandhana nahIM kahA jA sakatA aura na usa saMyogase siddhoMmeM rAgAdi hI utpanna hote haiM / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki zuddha AtmA parasaMyogarUpa nimittake rahanepara bhI rAgAdimeM upAdAna nahIM hotA aura na para nimitta usameM balAt rAgAdi utpanna hI kara sakate haiN| hameM socanA UparakI taraphase hai ki jo hamArA vAstavika svarUpa bana sakatA hai, jo hama ho sakate haiM, vaha svarUpa kyA rAgAdimeM upAdAna hotA hai ? nIcekI orase nahIM socanA hai; kyoMki anAdikAlase to azuddha AtmA rAgAdimeM upAdAna bana hI rahA hai aura usameM rAgAdikI paramparA barAbara cAlU hai| . ataH nizcayanayako yaha kahaneke sthAnameM ki 'maiM zuddha hU~, abaddha hU~, aspRSTa haiM; yaha kahanA cAhiye ki 'maiM zuddha, abaddha aura aspRSTa ho sakatA huuN|' kyoMki Aja taka to usane AtmAkI isa zuddha Adarza dazAkA anubhava kiyA hI nahIM hai| balki anAdikAlase rAgAdipaMkameM hI vaha lipta rahA hai| yaha nizcita to isa AdhArapara kiyA jA rahA hai ki jaba do svatantra dravya haiM, taba unakA saMyoga bhale hI anAdi ho, para vaha TUTa sakatA hai, aura vaha TUTegA to apane paramArtha svarUpakI prAptikI ora lakSya krnese| isa zaktikA nizcaya bhI dravyakA svatantra astitva mAnakara hI to kiyA jA sakatA hai| anAdi azuddha AtmAmeM zuddha honekI zakti hai, vaha zuddha ho sakatA hai| yaha zakyatA-bhaviSyatkA hI to vicAra hai| hamArA bhUta

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naya-vicAra aura vartamAna azuddha hai, phira bhI nizcayanaya hamAre ujjvala bhaviSyakI ora, kalpanAse nahIM, vastuke AdhArase dhyAna dilAtA hai| usI tattvako AcArya kundakunda' bar3I sundaratAse kahate haiM ki kAma, bhoga aura bandhakI kathA sabhIko zruta, paricita aura anubhUta hai, para vibhakta-zuddha AtmAke ekatvakI upalabdhi sulabha nahIM hai|' kAraNa yaha hai ki zuddha AtmAkA svarUpa saMsArI jIvoMko kevala zrutapUrva hai arthAt usake sunane meM hI kadAcit AyA ho, para na to usane kabhI isakA paricaya pAyA hai aura na kabhI isane usakA anubhava hI kiyA hai| A0 kundakunda (samayasAra gA0 5) apane AtmavizvAsase bharosA dilAte haiM ki 'maiM apanI samasta sAmarthya aura buddhikA vibhava lagAkara use dikhAtA huuN|' phira bhI ve thor3I kacAIkA anubhava karake yaha bhI kaha dete haiM ki 'yadi cUka jAU~, to chala nahIM mAnanA / ' dravya kA zuddha lakSaNa : unakA eka hI dRSTikoNa hai ki dravyakA svarUpa vahI ho sakatA hai jo dravyakI pratyeka paryAyameM vyApta hotA hai| yadyapi dravya kisI-na-kisI paryAyako prApta hotA hai aura hogA, para eka paryAya dUsarI paryAyameM to nahIM pAI jA sakatI aura isaliye dravyako koI bhI paryAya dravyase abhinna hokara bhI dravyakA zuddharUpa nahIM kahI jA sktii| aba Apa AtmAke svarUpapara kramazaH vicAra kiijie| varNa, rasa Adi to spaSTa pudgalake guNa haiM, ve pudgalakI hI paryAyeM haiM aura unameM pudgala hI upAdAna hotA hai, ataH ve AtmAke svarUpa nahIM ho sakate, yaha bAta nirvivAda hai| rAgAdi samasta vikAroMmeM yadyapi apane pariNAmIsvabhAvake kAraNa AtmA hI upAdAna hotA hai, usakI virAgatA hI bigar3akara rAga banatI hai, usIkA samyaktva bigar3akara mithyAtvarUpa hI jAtA hai, para ve virAgatA aura samyaktva bhI AtmAke trikAlAnuyAyI zuddha rUpa nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki ve nigoda Adi avasthAmeM tathA siddha avasthA meM nahIM pAye jAte / samyagdarzana Adi guNasthAna bhI, una-una paryAyoM ke nAma haiM jo ki trikAlAnuyAyI nahIM haiM, unakI sattA mithyAtva Adi avasthAoMmeM tathA siddha avasthA meM nahIM rhtii| inameM parapadArtha nimitta par3atA hai| kisIna-kisI para karmakA upazama, kSaya yA kSayopazama usameM nimitta hotA hI hai / kevalI avasthAmeM jo anantajJAnAdi guNa prakaTa hue haiM ve ghAtiyA karmoMke kSayase utpanna hue haiM aura aghAtiyA karmoMkA udaya unake jIvanaparyanta banA hI rahatA hai / 1. sudaparicidANubhUdA savvassavi kaambhogbNdhkhaa| eyattassuvalaMbho Navari Na sulaho vibhattassa // -samayasAra gaa04|

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356 jainadarzana yogajanya caMcalatA unake AtmapradezoMmeM hai hii| ataH paranimittaka honese ye bhI zuddha dravyakA svarUpa nahIM kahe jA skte| caudahaveM gaNasthAnako pAra karake jo siddha avasthA hai vaha zuddha dravyakA aisA svarUpa to hai jo prathamakSaNabhAvI siddha avasthAse lekara Ageke anantakAla takake samasta bhaviSyameM anuyAyI hai, usameM koI bhI paranimittaka vikAra nahIM A sakatA, kintu vaha saMsArI dazAmeM nahIM pAyA jaataa| eka trikAlAnuyAyI svarUpa hI lakSaNa ho sakatA hai, aura vaha hai-zuddha jJAyaka rUpa, caitanya ruup| inameM jJAyaka rUpa bhI parapadArthake jAnanerUpa upAdhikI apekSA rakhatA hai| trikAlavyApI 'cit' hI lakSaNa ho sakatI hai : - ataH kevala 'cit' rUpa hI aisA bacatA hai jo bhaviSya tmeM to prakaTarUpase vyApta hotA hI hai, sAtha hI atItakI pratyeka paryAyameM, cAhe vaha nigoda jaisI atyalpajJAnavAlI avasthA ho aura kevalajJAna jaisI samagra vikasita avasthA ho, sabameM nirvivAdarUpase pAyA jAtA hai| 'cit' rUpakA abhAva kabhI bhI AtmadravyameM na rahA hai, na hai aura na hogaa| vahI aMza dravaNazIla honese dravya kahA jA sakatA hai aura alakSyase vyAvartaka honeke kAraNa lakSyavyApI lakSaNa ho sakatA hai| yaha zaMkA nahIM kI jA sakatI ki 'siddha avasthA bhI apanI pUrvakI saMsArI nigoda Adi avasthAoMmeM nahIM pAI jAtI, ataH vaha zuddhadravyakA lakSaNa nahIM ho sakatI', kyoMki yahA~ siddhaparyAyako lakSaNa nahIM banAyA jA rahA hai, lakSaNa to vaha dravya hai jo siddhaparyAyameM pahalI bAra vikasita huA hai aura cUMki usa avasthAse lekara AgekI anantakAlabhAvI samasta avasthAoMmeM kabhI bhI paranimittaka kisI bhI anya pariNamanakI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, ataH vaha 'cit' aMza hI dravyakA yathArtha paricAyaka hotA hai| zuddha aura azuddha vizeSaNa bhI usameM nahIM lagate, kyoMki ve usa akhaNDa citkA vibhAga kara dete haiN| isaliye kahA hai ki maiM arthAt 'cit' na to pramatta hai aura na apramatta, na to azuddha hai aura na zuddha, vaha to kevala 'jJAyaka' hai| hA~, usa zuddha aura vyApaka 'cit' kA prathama vikAsa mukta avasthAmeM hI hotA hai| isIliye AtmAke vikArI rAgAdibhAvoMkI taraha karmake udaya, upazama, kSayopazama aura kSayase honevAle bhAvoMko bhI anAdi-ananta sampUrNa dravyavyApI na honese AtmAkA svarUpa yA lakSaNa nahIM mAnA gayA aura unheM bhI varNAdikI taraha parabhAva kaha diyA gayA hai| na kevala una avyApaka paranimittaka 1. "Na vi hodi appamatto Na pamatto jANago du jo bhaavo| evaM bhaNaMti suddhaM NAo jo so u so ceva // 6 // "- samayasAra /

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naya-vicAra 357 rAgAdi vikArI bhAvoMko 'para bhAva' hI kahA gayA hai, kintu pudgalanimittaka honese 'pudgalakI paryAya' taka kaha diyA gayA hai|| tAtparya itanA hI hai ki ye saba bIcakI maMjileM haiM / AtmA apane ajJAnake kAraNa una-una paryAyoMko dhAraNa avazya karatA hai, para ye saba zuddha aura mUlabhUta dravya nahIM haiN| AtmAke isa trikAlavyApI svarUpako AcAryane isIliye abaddha, aspRSTa, ananya, niyata, avizeSa aura asaMyukta vizeSaNoMse vyakta kiyA hai / yAnI eka aisI 'cit' hai jo anAdikAlase anantakAla taka apanI pravahamAna maulika sattA rakhatI hai| usa akhaMDa 'cit' ko hama na nigodarUpameM, na nArakAdi paryAyoMmeM, na pramatta, apramatta Adi guNasthAnoMmeM, na kevalajJAnAdi kSAyika bhAvoMmeM aura na ayogakevalI avasthAmeM hI sImita kara sakate haiN| usakA yadi darzana kara sakate haiM to nirupAdhi, zuddha, siddha avasthAmeM / vaha mUlabhUta 'cit' anAdikAlase apane pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa vikArI pariNamanameM par3I huI hai| yadi vikArakA kAraNa parabhAvasaMsarga haTa jAya, to vahI nikharakara nirmala, nirlepa aura khAlisa zuddha bana sakatI hai| tAtparya yaha ki hama zuddhanizcayanayase usa 'cit' kA yadi rAgAdi azuddha avasthAmeM yA guNasthAnoMkI zuddhAzuddha avasthAoMmeM darzana karanA cAhate haiM to ina sabase dRSTi haTAkara hameM usa mahAvyApaka mUladra vyapara dRSTi le jAnI hogI aura usa samaya kahanA hI hogA ki 'ye rAgAdi bhAva AtmAke yAnI zuddha AtmAke nahIM haiM, ye to vinAzI haiM, vaha avinAzI anAdyananta tattva to judA hI haiN|' samayasArakA zuddhanaya isI mUlatattvapara dRSTi rakhatA hai| vaha vastuke pariNamanakA niSedha nahIM karatA aura na usa citke rAgAdi paryAyoMmeM rulanekA pratiSedhaka hI hai| kintu vaha kahanA cAhatA hai ki 'anAdikAlIna azuddha kiTTa-kAlimA Adise vikRta bane hue isa sone meM bhI usa 100 TaMcake sonekI zaktirUpase vidyamAna AbhApara ekabAra dRSTi to do, tumheM isa kiTTa-kAlimA AdimeM jo pUrNa sUvarNatvakI buddhi ho rahI hai, vaha apane-Apa haTa jaaygii| isa zuddha svarUpapara lakSya diye binA kabhI usakI prAptikI dizAmeM prayatna nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| ve abaddha aura aspRSTa yA asaMyukta vizeSaNase yahI dikhAnA cAhate haiM ki AtmAkI baddha, spaSTa aura saMyukta avasthAe~ bIcakI haiM, ye unakA trikAlavyApI- mUla svarUpa nahIM hai| .. 1. "jo passadi appANaM abaddhapuDhe aNaNNayaM NiyadaM / ayisesamasaMjuttaM taM suddhaNayaM viyANIhi ||14||"-smysaar /

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354 jainadarzana usa eka 'cit' kA jJAna, darzana aura cAritrarUpase vibhAjana yA usakA vizeSarUpase kathana karanA bhI eka prakArakA vyavahAra hai, vaha kevala samajhane-samajhAneke liye hai / Apa jJAnako yA darzanako yA cAritrako bhI zuddha AtmAkA asAdhAraNa lakSaNa nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki ye saba usa 'cit' ke aMza haiM aura usa akhaMDa tattvako khaMDa-khaMDa karanevAle vizeSa haiN| vaha 'cita' to ina vizeSoMse pare 'avizeSa' hai, 'ananya' hai aura 'niyata' hai| AcArya AtmavizvAsase kahate haiM ki 'jisane isako jAna liyA usane samasta jinazAsanako jAna liyaa|' nizcayakA varNana asAdhAraNa lakSaNakA kathana hai : darzanazAstrameM AtmabhUta lakSaNa usa asAdhAraNa dharmako kahate haiM jo samasta lakSyoMmeM vyApta ho tathA alakSyameM bilakula na pAyA jaay| jo lakSaNa lakSyameM nahIM pAyA jAtA vaha asambhavi lakSaNAbhAsa kahalAtA hai, jo lakSya aura alakSya donomeM pAyA jAtA hai vaha ativyApta lakSaNAbhAsa hai aura jo lakSyake eka dezameM rahatA hai vaha avyApta lakSaNAbhAsa kahA jAtA hai| AtmadravyakA AtmabhUta lakSaNa karate samaya hama ina tInoM doSoM kA parihAra karake jaba nirdoSa lakSaNa khojate haiM to kevala 'cit' ke sivAya dUsarA koI pakar3ameM nahIM aataa| varNAdi to spaSTatayA pudgalake dharma haiM, ataH varNAdi to jIvameM asaMbhava haiM / rAgAdi vibhAvaparyAyeM tathA kevalajJAnAdi svabhAvaparyAyeM, jinameM AtmA svayaM upAdAna hotA hai, samasta AtmAoMmeM vyApaka nahIM honese avyApta haiN| ataH kevala 'cit' hI aisA svarUpa hai, jo pudgalAdi alakSyoMmeM nahIM pAyA jAtA aura lakSyabhUta sabhI AtmAoMmeM anAdyananta vyApta rahatA hai| isaliye 'cit' hI Atma dravyakA svarUpabhUta lakSaNa ho sakatI hai| yadyapi yahI 'cit' pramatta, apramatta, nara, nArakAdi sabhI avasthAoMko prApta hotI hai, para nizcayase ve paryAyeM AtmAkA vyApaka lakSaNa nahIM bana sktiiN| isI vyApyavyApakabhAvako lakSyameM rakha kara aneka azuddha avasthAoMmeM bhI zuddha Atmadravyako pahicAna karAneke liye AcAryane zuddha nayakA avalambana kiyA hai| isIliye 'zuddha cit' kA samyagdarzana, jJAna, cAritra Adi rUpase vibhAga bhI unheM iSTa nahIM hai| ve eka anirvacanIya akhaNDa citako hI Atmadravyake sthAnameM rakhate haiM / AcAryane isa lakSaNabhUta 'cit' ke sivAya jitane bhI varNAdi aura rAgAdi 1. 'vavahAreNavadissai NANissa caritta daMsaNaM NANaM / / Na vi NANaM ca carittaM Na daMsaNaM jANago zuddho // 7 // '. -smysaar|

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naya-vicAra 359 lakSaNAbhAsa haiM, unakA parabhAva kahakara niSedha kara diyA hai / isI dRSTise nizcayanayako paramArtha aura vyavahAranayako abhUtArtha bhI kahA hai| abhUtArthakA yaha artha nahIM hai ki AtmAmeM rAgAdi hai hI nahIM, kintu jisa trikAlavyApI dravyarUpa citko hama lakSaNa banA rahe haiM usameM inheM zAmila nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| varNAdi aura rAgAdiko vyavahAranayakA viSaya kahakara eka hI jhoMkameM niSedha kara denese yaha bhrama sahajameM hI ho sakatA hai ki 'jisa prakAra rUpa, rasa, gandha / Adi pudgalake dharma haiM usI taraha rAgAdi bhI pudgalake hI dharma hoMge, aura pudgalanimittaka honese inheM pudgalakI paryAya kahA bhI hai|' isa bhramake nivAraNake liye nizcayanayake do bheda bhI zAstroMmeM dekhe jAte haiM'-eka zuddhanizcayanaya aura dUsarA azuddhanizcayanaya / zuddha nizcayanayakI dRSTimeM 'zuddha cit' hI jIvakA svarUpa hai / azuddha nizcayanaya AtmAke azuddha rAgAdibhAvoMko bhI jIvake hI kahatA hai, pudgalake nhiiN| vyavahAranaya sadbhuta aura asadbhUta donoMmeM upacarita aura anupacarita aneka prakArase pravRtti karatA hai / samayasArake TIkAkAroMne apanI TIkAoMmeM varNAdi aura rAgAdiko vyavahAra aura azuddhanizcayanayakI dRSTise hI vicAranekA saMketa kiyA hai| paMcAdhyAyIkA naya-vibhAga : paMcAdhyAyIkAra abhedagrAhIko dravyArthika aura nizcayanaya kahate haiM tathA kisI bhI prakArake bhedako grahaNa karanevAle nayako paryAyArthika aura vyavahAranaya kahate haiN| inake matase 3nizcayanayake zuddha aura azuddha bheda karanA hI galata hai| ye vastuke sadbhUta bhedako vyavahAranayakA hI viSaya mAnate haiM / akhaNDa vastumeM kisI bhI prakArakA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva AdikI dRSTise honevAlA bheda paryAyArthika yA vyavahAranayakA viSaya hotA hai| inakI dRSTimeM samayasAragata paranimittakavyavahAra hI nahIM; kintu svagata bheda bhI vyavahAranayakI sImAmeM hI hotA hai / 4vyavahAranayake do bheda haiM-eka sadbhuta vyavahAranaya aura dUsarA asadbhUta vyavahAranaya / vastumeM apane guNoMkI dRSTise bheda karanA sadbhUta vyavahAra hai| anya dravyake guNoMkI balapUrvaka anyatra yojanA karanA asadbhuta vyavahAra hai| jaise varNAdivAle mUrta pudgalakarmadravyake saMyogase honevAle krodhAdi mUrtabhAvoMko jIvake 1. dekhI,-dravyasaMgraha gA0 4 / 2. 'azuddhanizcayastu vastuto yadyapi dravyakarmApekSayA AbhyantararAgAdayazcetanA iti matvA nizcayasaMjJAM labhate tathApi zuddhanizcayanayApekSayA vyavahAra eva iti vyAkhyAnaM nizcaya vyavahAranayavicArakAle sarvatra zAtavyam |'-smysaar tAtparya vRtti gA0 73 / 3. paMcAdhyAyo 11656-61 / 4. paMcAdhyAyo 1525 se|

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360 jainadarzana kahanA / yahA~ krodhAdimeM jo pudgaladravyake mUrtatvakA Aropa kiyA gayA hai yaha asadbhUta hai aura guNa-guNIkA jo bheda vivakSita hai vaha vyavahAra hai| sadbhUta aura asadbhUta vyavahAra donoM hI upacarita aura anupacaritake bhedase do-do prakArake hote haiM / 'jJAna jIvakA hai' yaha anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya haiM tathA 'arthavikalpAtmaka jJAna pramANa hai aura vahI jIvakA guNa hai' yaha upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya hai / isameM jJAnameM arthavikalpAtmakatA upacarita hai aura guNa-guNIkA bheda vyavahAra hai| anagAradharmAmata (adhyAya 1 zlo0 104... ) AdimeM jo 'kevalajJAna jIvakA hai' yaha anupacarita sadbhUta vyavahAra tathA 'matijJAna jIvakA hai' yaha upacarita sadbhUta vyavahArakA udAharaNa diyA hai; usameM yaha dRSTi hai ki zuddha guNakA kathana anupacarita tathA azuddha guNakA kathana upacarita hai| anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranaya 'abuddhipUrvaka' honevAle krodhAdi bhAvoMko jIvakA kahatA hai aura upacarita sadbhUta vyavahAranaya udayameM Aye hue arthAt prakaTa anubhavameM AnevAle krodhAdibhAvoMko jIvake kahatA hai| pahalemeM vaibhAvikI zaktikA AtmAse abheda mAnA hai| anagAradharmAmRtameM 'zarIra merA hai' yaha anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahArakA tathA 'deza merA hai' yaha upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAranayakA udAharaNa mAnA gayA hai| paMcAdhyAyIkAra kisI dUsare dravyake guNakA dUsare dravyameM Aropa karanA nayAbhAsa mAnate haiN| jaise-varNAdiko jIvake kahanA, zarIrako jIvakA kahanA, mUrtakarmadravyoMkA kartA aura bhoktA jIvako mAnanA, dhana, dhAnya, strI AdikA bhoktA aura kartA jIvako mAnanA, jJAna aura jJeyameM bodhyabodhaka sambandha honese jJAnako jJeyagata mAnanA Adi, ye saba nayAbhAsa haiN| samayasArameM to eka zuddhadravyako nizcayanayakA viSaya mAnakara bAkI paranimittaka svabhAva yA parabhAva sabhIko vyavahArake gaDDhemeM DAlakara unheM heya aura abhUtArtha kahA hai| eka bAta dhyAnameM rakhanekI hai ki nagamAdinayoMkA vivecana vastusvarUpakI mImAMsA karanekI dRSTise hai jaba ki samayasAragata nayoMkA varNana adhyAtmabhAvanAko paripuSTa kara heya aura upAdeyake vicArase mokSamArgameM lagAneke lakSyase hai|

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10. syAdvAda aura saptamaGgo syAdvAda : syAdvAdako udbhUti : jaina darzanane sAmAnyarUpase yAvat satko pariNAmI-nitya mAnA hai| pratyeka sat anantadharmAtmaka hai| usakA pUrNarUpa vacanoMke agocara hai| koI aisA zabda 'astitva' dharmako kahatA hai, zeSa nAstitva Adi dharmoko nhiiN| vastusthiti aisI hone para bhI usako samajhane-samajhAnekA prayatna pratyeka mAnavane kiyA hI hai aura Age bhI use karanA hI hogaa| taba usa virATako jAnane aura dUsaroMko samajhAne meM bar3I sAvadhAnI rakhanekI AvazyakatA hai| hamAre jAnanekA tarIkA aisA ho, jisase hama una anantadharmA akhaNDa vastuke adhika-se-adhika samIpa pahu~ca sakeM, usakA viparyAsa to haragija na kreN| dUsaroMko samajhAnekI-zabda prayogakI praNAlI bhI aisI hI ho, jo usa tattvakA sahI-sahI pratinidhitva kara sake, usake svarUpakI ora saMketa kara sake, bhrama to utpanna kare hI nhiiN| ina donoM AvazyakatAoMne anekAntadRSTi aura syAdvAdako janma diyA hai / anekAntadRSTi yA nayadRSTi virAT vastuko jAnanekA vaha prakAra hai, jisameM vivakSita dharmako jAnakara bhI anya dharmoMkA niSedha nahIM kiyA jAtA, unheM gauNa yA avivakSita kara diyA jAtA hai aura isa taraha hara hAlatameM pUrI vastukA mukhya-gauNabhAvase sparza ho jAtA hai| usakA koI bhI aMza kabhI nahIM chUTa paataa| jisa samaya jo dharma vivakSita hotA hai vaha usa samaya mukhya yA arpita bana jAtA hai aura zeSa dharma gauNa yA anarpita raha jAte haiN| isa taraha jaba manuSya kI dRSTi anekAntatattvakA sparza karanevAlI bana jAtI hai taba usake samajhAnekA DhaMga bhI nirAlA hI ho jAtA hai| vaha socatA hai ki hameM usa zailIse vacanaprayoga karanA cAhiye, jisase vastutattvakA yathArtha pratipAdana ho| isa zailI yA bhASAke nirdoSa prakArakI AvazyakatAne 'syAdvAda'kA AviSkAra kiyA hai| 'syAdvAda' bhASAkI vaha nirdoSa praNAlI hai, jo vastutattvakA samyak pratipAdana karatI hai| isameM lagA huA 'syAt' zabda pratyeka vAkyake sApekSa honekI sUcanA detA hai / 'syAt asti' vAkyameM 'asti' pada vastuke astitva dharmakA mukhyarUpase

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jainadarzanaM pratipAdana karatA haiM to 'syAt' zabda usameM rahane vAle nAstitva Adi zeSa anantadharmokA sadbhAva batAtA hai ki 'vastu asti mAtra hI nahIM hai, usameM gauNarUpase nAstitva Adi dharma bhI vidyamAna haiM / ' manuSya ahaMkArakA putalA hai| ahaMkArakI sahasra nahIM, asaMkhya jihvAe~ hai| yaha viSadhara thor3I bhI asAvadhAnI honepara Dasa letA hai| ataH jisa prakAra dRSTimeM ahaMkArakA viSa na Ane deneke lie anekAntadRSTi' saMjIvanIkA rahanA Avazyaka hai usI taraha bhASAmeM avadhAraNa yA ahaMkArakA viSa nirmUla karaneke lie 'syAdvAda' amRta apekSaNIya hotA hai / anekAntavAda syAdvAdakA isa arthameM paryAyavAcI hai ki aisA vAda-kathana anekAntavAda kahalAtA hai jisameM vastu ke anantadharmAtmaka svarUpakA pratipAdana mukhya-gauNabhAvase hotA hai| yadyapi ye donoM paryAyavAcI haiM phira bhI 'syAdvAda' hI nirduSTa bhASAzailIkA pratIka bana gayA hai| anekAntadRSTi to jJAnarUpa hai, ataH vacanarUpa 'syAdvAda' se usakA bheda spaSTa hai| isa anekAntavAdake binA lokavyavahAra nahIM cala sktaa| paga-pagapara isake binA visaMvAdako sambhAvanA hai / ataH isa tribhuvanake eka guru anekAntavAdako namaskAra karate hue AcArya siddhasenane ThIka hI likhA hai "jeNa viNA logassa vavahAro savvathA Na nnivvie| tassa bhuvaNekaguruNo Namo'NegaMtavAyassa // " . -sanmati0 3 / 68 / syAdvAdako vyutpatti: 'syAdvAda' syAt aura vAda ina do padoMse banA hai| vAdakA artha hai kathana yA pratipAdana / 'syAt' vidhiliGameM banA huA tiGantapratirUpaka nipAta hai| vaha apanemeM eka mahAn uddezya aura vAcaka zaktiko chipAye hue hai| syAtke vidhiliGmeM vidhi, vicAra Adi aneka artha hote haiN| usameM 'anekAnta' artha yahA~ vivakSita hai| hindImeM yaha 'zAyada' arthameM pracalita-sA ho gayA hai, parantu hameM usakI usa nirdoSa paramparAkA anugamana karanA cAhiye jisake kAraNa yaha zabda 'satyalAMchana' arthAt satyakA cihna yA pratIka banA hai| 'syAt' zabda 'kathaJcit' ke arthameM vizeSarUpase upayukta baiThatA hai / 'kathaJcit' arthAt 'amuka nizcita apekSAse' vastu amuka dharmavAlI hai / na to yaha 'zAyada', na 'saMbhAvanA' aura na 'kadAcit'kA pratipAdaka hai, kintu 'sunizcita dRSTikoNa'kA vAcaka hai| zabdakA svabhAva hai ki. vaha avadhAraNAtmaka hotA hai, isaliye anyake pratiSedha karanemeM vaha niraMkuza rahatA hai| isa anyake pratiSedha para aMkuza lagAnekA kArya 'syAt' karatA hai| vaha kahatA. hai ki 'rUpavAn ghaTaH' vAkya ghar3eke rUpakA pratipAdana bhale hI kare, para vaha 'rUpavAn .

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syAdvAda 363 hI hai' yaha avadhAraNa karake ghar3emeM rahanevAle rasa, gandha AdikA pratiSedha nahIM kara sakatA / vaha apane svArthako mukhya rUpase kahe, yahA~ taka koI hAni nahIM, para yadi vaha isase Age bar3hakara 'apane hI svArtha'ko saba kucha mAnakara zeSakA niSedha karatA hai, to usakA aisA karanA anyAya hai aura vastusthitikA viparyAsa karanA hai / 'syAt' zabda isI anyAyako rokatA hai aura nyAyya vacanapaddhatikI sUcanA detA hai| vaha pratyeka vAkyake sAtha antargarbha rahatA hai aura gupta rahakara bhI pratyeka vAkyako mukhya-gauNabhAvase anekAnta arthakA pratipAdaka banAtA hai| ____ 'syAt' nipAta hai| nipAta dyotaka bhI hote haiM aura vAcaka bhii| yadyapi 'syAt' zabda anekAnta-sAmAnyakA vAcaka hotA hai phira bhI 'asti' Adi vizeSa dharmoMkA pratipAdana karaneke lie 'asti' Adi tattat dharmavAcaka zabdoMkA prayoga karanA hI par3atA hai| tAtparya yaha ki 'syAt asti' vAkyameM 'asti' pada astitva dharmakA vAcaka hai aura 'syAt' zabda 'anekAnta' kaa| vaha usa samaya astise bhinna anya zeSa dharmoMkA pratinidhitva karatA hai| jaba 'syAt' anekAntakA dyotana karatA hai taba 'asti' Adi padoMke prayogase jina astitva Adi dharmoMkA pratipAdana kiyA jA rahA hai vaha 'anekAnta rUpa hai' yaha dyotana 'syAt' zabda karatA hai| yadi yaha pada na ho, to 'sarvathA astitva' rUpa ekAntakI zaMkA ho jAtI hai| yadyapi syAt aura kathaMcitkA anekAtmaka artha ina zabdoMke prayoga na karanepara bhI kuzala vaktA samajha letA hai, parantu vaktAko yadi anekAnta vastukA darzana nahIM hai, to vaha ekAntameM bhaTaka sakatA hai / ataH use vastutattvapara Aneke lie Alokastambhake samAna isa 'syAt' jyotikI nitAnta AvazyakatA hai| syAdvAda viziSTa bhASApaddhati : syAdvAda sunayakA nirUpaNa karanevAlI viziSTa bhASApaddhati hai| 'syAt' zabda yaha nizcitarUpase batAtA hai ki 'vastu kevala isI dharmavAlI hI nahIM hai| usameM isake atirikta bhI aneka dharma samAna haiM' usameM avivakSita guNadharmoke astitvakI rakSA 'syAt' zabda karatA hai / 'rUpavAn ghaTaH' meM 'syAt' zabda 'rUpavAn' ke sAtha nahIM juTatA; kyoMki rUpake astitvakI sUcanA to 'rUpavAn' zabda svayaM hI de rahA hai, kintu anya avivakSita zeSa dharmoM ke sAtha usakA anvaya hai| vaha 'rUpavAn' ko pUre ghar3epara adhikAra jamAnese rokatA hai aura sApha kaha detA hai ki 'ghar3A bahuta bar3A hai, usameM anantadharma haiN| rUpa bhI usameMse eka hai|' yadyapi rUpakI vivakSA honese abhI rUpa hamArI dRSTimeM mukhya hai aura vahI zabdake dvArA vAcya bana rahA hai, para rasakI vivakSA honepara vaha gauNarAzimeM zAmila ho jAyagA aura rasa pradhAna

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364 jainadarzana bana jaaygaa| isa taraha samasta zabda gauNa-mukhyabhAvase anekAnta arthake pratipAdaka haiN| isI satyakA udghATana 'syAt' zabda sadA karatA rahatA hai / maiMne pahale batAyA hai, ki 'syAt' zabda eka sajaga praharI hai| jo uccarita dharmako idhara-udhara nahIM jAne detaa| vaha avivakSita dharmoMke adhikArakA saMrakSaka hai| isalie jo loga syAtkA rUpavAnke sAtha anvaya karake aura usakA 'zAyada, saMbhAvanA aura kadAcit' artha karake ghar3emeM rUpakI sthitiko bhI saMdigdha banAnA cAhate haiM ve vastutaH pragAr3ha bhramameM haiM / isI taraha 'syAdasti ghaTa:' vAkyameM 'asti' yaha astitva aMza ghaTameM sunizcita rUpase vidyamAna hai / 'syAt' zabda usa astitvakI sthiti kamajora nahIM bnaataa| kintu usakI vAstavika AMzika sthitikI sUcanA dekara anya nAsti Adi dharmoM ke gauNa sadbhAvakA pratinidhitva karatA hai| use Dara hai ki kahIM asti nAmakA dharma, jise zabdase uccArita honeke kAraNa pramukhatA milI hai, pUrI vastuko hI na har3apa jAya aura apane anya nAsti Adi sahayogiyoMke sthAnako samApta na kara de| isalie yaha prativAkyameM cetAvanI detA rahatA hai ki 'he bhAI asti, tuma vastuke eka aMza ho, tuma apane anya nAsti Adi bhAiyoM ke hakako har3apanekI kuceSTA nahIM krnaa|' isa bhayakA kAraNa hai ki prAcIna kAlase 'nitya hI hai', 'anitya hI hai' Adi har3apU prakRtike aMzavAkyoMne vastupara pUrNa adhikAra jamAkara anadhikAra ceSTA kI hai aura jagatmeM aneka tarahase vitaNDA aura saMgharSa utpanna kiye haiN| isake phalasvarUpa padArthake sAtha to anyAya huA hI hai, para isa vAda-prativAdane aneka kumatavAdoMkI sRSTi karake ahaMkAra, hiMsA, saMgharSa, anudAratA, asahiSNutA Adise vizvako azAnta aura saMgharSapUrNa hiMsAjvAlAmeM paTaka diyA hai| 'syAt' zabda vAkyake usa jaharako nikAla detA hai, jisase ahaMkArakA sRjana hotA hai| ___ 'syAt' zabda eka ora eka nizcita apekSAse jahA~ astitva dharmakI sthiti sudRr3ha aura sahetuka batAnA hai vahA~ vaha usakI usa sarvaharA pravRttiko bhI naSTa karatA hai, jisase vaha pUrI vastukA mAlika bananA cAhatA hai| vaha nyAyAdhIzakI taraha turanta kaha detA hai ki 'he asti, tuma apanI adhikAra-sImA ko smjho| svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvakI dRSTise jisa prakAra tuma ghaTameM rahate ho, usI taraha paradravyAdikI apekSA 'nAsti' nAmakA tumhArA sagA bhAI bhI usI ghaTameM rahatA hai| ghaTakA parivAra bahuta bar3A hai| abhI tumhArA nAma lekara pukArA gayA hai, isakA itanA hI artha hai ki isa samaya tumase kArya hai, tumhArA prayojana hai, tumhArI mukhyatA, tumhArI vivakSA hai, para isakA yaha artha kadApi nahIM hai ki 'tuma apane

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syAdvAda 365 samAnAdhikArI bhAiyoMke sadbhAvako hI ukhAr3a kara pheMkanekA duSprayAsa kro| vAstavika bAta to yaha hai yadi parakI apekSA 'nAsti' dharma na ho; to jisa ghar3emeM tuma rahate ho vaha ghar3A 'ghar3A' hI na raha jAyagA, kintu kapar3A Adi parapadArtharUpa ho jaaygaa| ataH tumheM apanI sthitike liye bhI yaha Avazyaka hai ki tuma anya dharmoMkI vAstavika sthitiko smjho| tuma unakI hiMsA na kara sako, isake liye ahiMsAkA pratIka 'syAt' zabda tumase pahale ho vAkyameM lagA diyA jAtA hai / bhAI asti, yaha tumhArA doSa nahIM hai| tuma to barAbara apane nAsti Adi bhAiyoMke sAtha hilamila kara anantadharmA vastumeM rahate hI ho, saba dharma-bhAI apaneapane svarUpako sApekSabhAvase vastumeM rakhe ho, para ina phUTa DAlanevAle vastudraSTAoMko kyA kahA jAya ? ye apanI ekAMgI dRSTise tumameM phUTa DAlanA cAhate haiM aura cAhate haiM ki tumameM bhI ahaMkArapUrNa sthiti utpanna hokara ApasameM bhedabhAva evaM hiMsAkI sRSTi ho|' basa, 'syAt' zabda eka aisI ajanazalAkA hai jo unakI dRSTiko vikRta nahIM hone detI, vaha use nirmala aura pUrNadarzI banAtI hai / isa avivakSitasaMrakSaka, dRSTiviSApahArI, sacetaka praharI, ahiMsA aura satyake pratIka, jIvanta nyAyarUpa, zabdako sudhAmaya karanevAle tathA sunizcita apekSAdyotaka 'syAt' zabdake svarUpake sAtha hamAre dArzanikoMne nyAya to kiyA hI nahIM, kintu usake svarUpakA 'zAyada, sambhava aura kadAcit' jaise bhraSTa paryAyoMse vikRta karanekA azobhana prayatna avazya kiyA hai, aura Ajataka kiyA jA rahA hai| virodha-parihAra: __ sabase thothA tarka to yaha diyA jAtA hai ki 'ghar3A jaba asti hai, to nAsti kaise ho sakatA hai ? ghar3A jaba eka hai to aneka kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha to pratyakSa-virodha hai|' para vicAra to karo-ghar3A Akhira 'ghar3A' hI to hai, kapar3A to nahIM hai, kurasI to nahIM hai, Tebila to nahIM hai| tAtparya yaha ki vaha ghaTage bhinna ananta padArthoMrUpa nahIM hai| to yaha kahane meM Apako kyoM saMkoca hotA hai ki 'ghar3A apane svarUpase asti hai aura svabhinna pararUpoMse nAsti hai|' isa ghar3emeM ananta pararUpakI apekSA 'nAstitva' hai, anyathA duniyAmeM koI zakti aisI nahIM; jo ghar3eko kapar3A Adi bananese roka sktii| yaha nAstitva dharma hI ghar3eko ghar3eke rUpameM kAyama rakhatA hai| isI nAsti dharmakI sUcanA 'asti'ke prayoga kAlameM 'syAt' zabda detA hai| isI taraha 'ghar3A samagra bhAvase eka hokara bhI apane rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, choTA, bar3A, halakA, bhArI Adi ananta guNa, aura dharmoMkI dRSTise aneka rUpoMmeM dikhAI detA hai yA nahIM ?' yaha Apa svayaM batAveM / yadi aneka

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366 . jainadarzana rUpameM dikhAI detA hai to Apako yaha mAnane aura kahanemeM kyoM kaSTa hotA hai ki 'ghar3A dravyarUpase eka hokara bhI apane guNa dharma aura zakti AdikI dRSTise aneka hai|' jaba pratyakSase vastumeM aneka virodhI dharmokA spaSTa pratibhAsa ho rahA hai, vastu svayaM ananta virodhI dharmoMkA avirodhI krIr3Asthala hai, taba hameM kyoM saMzaya aura virodha utpanna karanA cAhiye ? hameM usake svarUpako vikRtarUpameM dekhanekI durdRSTi to nahIM karanI caahie| hama usa mahAn 'syAt' zabdako, jo vastuke isa pUrNa rUpakI jhA~kI sApekSabhAvase batAtA hai, virodha, saMzaya jaisI gAliyoMse duradurAta haiM ! kimAzcaryamataH param / yahA~ dharmakItikA yaha zlokAMza dhyAnameM A jAtA hai. "yadIyaM svayamarthebhyo rocate tatra ke vayam / -pramANavA0 2 / 210 / arthAt yadi yaha citrarUpatA-anekadharmatA vastuko svayaM ruca rahI hai, usake binA usakA astitva hI sambhava nahIM hai, to hama bIca meM kAjI bananevAle kauna ? jagatkA eka-eka kaNa isa anantadharmatAkA Akara hai / hameM to sirpha apanI dRSTiko hI nirmala aura vizAla banAnekI AvazyakatA hai| vastumeM virodha nahIM hai| virodha to hamArI dRSTiyoMmeM hai / aura isa dRSTi virodha-jvarakI amRtA ( gurabela ) 'syAt' zabda hai, jo rogIko tatkAla kaTu to avazya lagatI hai, para isake binA yaha dRSTi-viSamajvara utara bhI nahIM sktaa| vastuko anantadharmAtmakatA : _ 'vastu anekAntarUpa hai' yaha bAta thor3A gambhIra vicAra karate hI anubhavameM A jAtI hai, aura yaha bhI pratibhAsita hone lagatA hai ki hamAre kSudra jJAnane kitanI uchala-kUda macA rakhI hai tathA vastuke virATa svarUpake sAtha khilavAr3a kara rakhI hai| padArtha bhAvarUpa bhI hai aura abhAvarUpa bhI hai| yadi sarvathA bhAvarUpa mAnA jAya, to.prAgabhAva, pradhvaMsAbhAva, anyonyAbhAva aura atyantAbhAva ina cAra abhAvoMkA lopa ho jAnese paryAyeM bhI anAdi, ananta aura sarvasaMkararUpa ho jAyeMgI tathA eka drazya dUsare dravyarUpa hokara pratiniyata dravyavyavasthAko hI samApta kara degaa| prAgabhAva: ___ koI bhI kArya apanI utpattike pahale 'asat' hotA hai / vaha kAraNoMse utpanna hotA hai| kAryakA utpattike pahale na hogA hI prAgabhAva kahalAtA hai| yaha abhAva bhAvAntararUpa hotA hai| yaha to dhruvasatya hai ki kisI bhI dravyakI utpatti nahIM hotI / dravya to vizvameM anAdi-ananta gine-ginAye haiN| unakI saMkhyA na to kama

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syAdvAda hotI hai aura na adhika / utpAda hotA hai paryAyakA / dravya apane dravyarUpase kAraNa hotA hai aura paryAyarUpase kArya / jo paryAya utpanna hone jA rahI hai vaha, utpattike pahale paryAyarUpameM to nahIM hai ataH usakA jo yaha abhAva hai vahI prAgabhAva hai / yaha prAgabhAva pUrvaparyAyarUpa hotA hai, arthAt 'ghar3A' paryAya jabataka utpanna nahIM huI, tabataka vaha 'asat' hai aura jisa miTTI dravyase vaha utpanna honevAlI hai usa, dravyakI ghaTa se pahalekI paryAya ghaTakA prAgabhAva kahI jAtI hai| yAnI vahI paryAya naSTa hokara ghaTa paryAya banatI hai, ataH vaha paryAya ghaTa-prAgabhAva hai| isa taraha atyanta sUkSma kAlakI dRSTi se pUrvaparyAya hI uttara-paryAyakA prAgabhAva hai, aura santatikI dRSTise yaha prAgabhAva anAdi bhI kahA jAtA hai| pUrvaparyAyakA prAgabhAva tatpUrva paryAya hai, tathA tatpUrvaparyAyakA prAgabhAva usase bhI pUrvakI paryAya hogA, isa taraha santatikI dRSTise yaha anAdi hotA hai| yadi kArya-paryAyakA prAgabhAva nahIM mAnA jAtA hai, to kAryaparyAya anAdi ho jAyagI aura dravyameM trikAlavartI sabhI paryAyoMkA eka kAlameM prakaTa satbhAva mAnanA hogA, jo ki sarvathA pratItiviruddha hai| pradhvaMsAbhAva: dravyakA vinAza nahIM holA, vinAza hotA hai paryAyakA / ataH kAraNaparyAyakA nAza kAryaparyAyarUpa hotA hai, kAraNa naSTa hokara kArya vana jAtA hai| koI bhI vinAza sarvathA abhAvarUpa yA tuccha na hokara uttaraparyAyarUpa hotA hai / ghar3A paryAya naSTa hokara kapAla paryAya banatI hai, ataH ghaTavinAza kapAla (khapariyA~ ) rUpa hI phalita hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki pUrvakA nAza uttararUpa hotA hai| yadi yaha pradhvaMsAbhAva na mAnA jAya to sabhI paryAya ananta ho jAyeMgI, yAnI vartamAna kSaNa meM / anAdikAlase aba taka huI sabhI paryAyoMkA sadbhAva anubhavameM AnA cAhiye, jo ki asambhava hai| vartamAnameM to eka hI paryAya anubhavameM AtI hai| yaha zaMkA bhI nahIM hI ho sakatI ki 'ghaTavinAza yadi kapAlarUpa hai to kapAlakA vinAza hone para, yAnI ghaTavinAzakA nAza honepara phira ghar3eko punarujjIvita ho jAnA cAhiye, kyoMki vinAzakA vinAza to sadbhAvarUpa hotA hai'; kyoMki kAraNakA upamardana karake to kArya utpanna hotA hai para kAryakA upamardana karake kAraNa nhiiN| upAdAnakA upamardana karake upAdeyakI utpatti hI sarvajanasiddha hai| prAgabhAva ( pUrvaparyAya ) aura pradhvaMsAbhAva ( uttara paryAya ) meM upAdAna-upAdeyabhAva hai / prAgabhAvakA nAza karake pradhvaMsa utpanna hotA hai, para pradhvaMsakA nAza karake prAgabhAva punarujjIvita nahIM ho sktaa| jo naSTa huA, vaha naSTa huA / nAza

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368 jainadarzana ananta hai| jo paryAya gayI vaha anantakAlake liye gayI, vaha phira vApisa nahIM A sakatI / 'yadatItamatItameva tat' yaha dhra va niyama hai| yadi pradhvaMsAbhAva nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to koI bhI paryAya naSTa nahIM hogI, sabhI paryAya ananta ho jAyagI, ataH pradhvaMsAbhAva pratiniyata padArtha-vyavasthAke liye nitAnta Avazyaka hai| itaretarAbhAva : eka paryAyakA dUsarI paryAyameM jo abhAva hai baha itaretarAbhAva hai| svabhAvAntarase svasvabhAvakI vyAvRttiko itaretarAbhAva kahate haiN| pratyeka padArthake apaneapane svabhAva nizcita haiM / eka svabhAva dUsare rUpa nahIM hotaa| yaha jo svabhAvoMkI pratiniyatatA hai vahI itaretarAbhAva hai| isameM eka dravyako paryAyoMkA parasparameM jo abhAva hai vahI itaretarAbhAva phalita hotA hai, jaise ghaTakA paTameM aura paTakA ghaTameM vartamAnakAlika abhAva / kAlAntarameM ghaTake paramANu miTTI; kapAsa aura tantu banakara paTaparyAyako dhAraNa kara sakate haiM, para vartamAnameM to ghaTa paTa nahIM ho sakatA hai| yaha jo vartamAnakAlIna paraspara vyAvRtti hai vaha anyonyAbhAva hai| prAgabhAva aura pradhvaMsAbhAvase anyonyAbhAvakA kArya nahIM calAyA jA sakatA; kyoMki jisake abhAvameM niyamase kAryakI utpatti ho vaha prAgabhAva aura jisake hone para niyamase kAryakA vinAza ho vaha pradhvaMsAbhAva kahalAtA hai, para itaretarAbhAvake abhAva yA bhAvase kAryotpatti yA vinAzakA koI sambandha nahIM hai| vaha to vartamAna paryAyoMke pratiniyata svarUpakI vyavasthA karatA hai ki ve eka dUsare rUpa nahIM haiN| yadi yaha itaretarAbhAva mahIM mAnA jAtA; to koI bhI pratiniyata paryAya sarvAtmaka ho jAyagI, yAnI saba sarvAtmaka ho jAyeMge / atyantAbhAva eka dravyakA dUsare dravyameM jo traikAlika abhAva hai vaha atyantAbhAva hai| jJAnakA AtmAmeM samavAya hai, usakA samavAya kabhI bhI pudgalameM nahIM ho sakatA, yaha atyantAbhAva kahalAtA hai| itaretarAbhAva vartamAnakAlIna hotA hai aura eka svabhAvakI dUsarese vyAvRtti karAnA hI usakA lakSya hotA hai| yadi atyantAbhAvakA lopa kara diyA jAye to kisI bhI dravyakA koI asAdhAraNa svarUpa nahIM raha jaaygaa| saba dravya saba rUpa ho jaayeNge| atyantAbhAvake kAraNa hI eka dravya dUsare dravyarUpa nahIM ho paataa| dravya cAhe sajAtIya hoM, yA vijAtIya, unakA apanA pratiniyata akhaMDa svarUpa hotA hai| eka dravya dUsare meM kabhI bhI aisA vilIna nahIM hotA, jisase usakI sattA hI samApta ho jAya / isa taraha ye cAra abhAva,

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syAdvAda jo ki prakArAntarase bhAvarUpa hI hai, vastuke dharma haiN| inakA lopa honepara, yAnI padArthoM ko sarvathA bhAvAtmaka mAnanepara ukta dUSaNa Ate haiM / ataH abhAvAMza bhI vastukA usI taraha dharma hai jisa prakAra ki bhAvAMza / ataH vastu bhAvAbhAvAtmaka hai| yadi vastu abhAvAtmaka hI mAnI jAya, yAnI sarvathA zUnya ho; to, bodha aura vAkyakA bhI abhAva honese 'abhAvAtmaka tattva' kI svayaM kaise pratIti hogI ? tathA parako kaise samajhAyA jAyagA? svapratipattikA sAdhana hai bodha tathA parapratipattikA upAya hai vaaky| ina donoMke abhAvameM svapakSakA sAdhana aura parapakSakA dUSaNa kaise ho sakegA? isa taraha vicAra karanese lokakA pratyeka padArtha bhAvAbhAvAtmaka pratIta hotA hai| sIdhI bAta hai-koI bhI padArtha apane nijarUpameM hI hogA, pararUpameM nhiiN| usakA isa prakAra svarUpamaya honA hI padArthamAtrakI anekAntAtmakatAko siddha kara detA hai| yahA~ taka to padArthakI sAmAnya sthitikA vicAra huaa| aba hama pratyeka dravyako lekara bhI vicAra kareM to hara dravya sadasadAtmaka hI anubhavameM AtA hai| sadasadAtmaka tattva: pratyeka dravyakA apanA asAdhAraNa svarUpa hotA hai, usakA nijI kSetra, kAla aura bhAva hotA hai, jinameM usakI sattA sImita rahatI hai| sUkSma vicAra karanepara kSetra, kAla aura bhAva antataH dravyakI asAdhAraNa sthiti rUpa hI phalita hote haiM / yaha dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvakA catuSTaya svarUpacatuSTaya kahalAtA hai / pratyeka dravya apane svarUpacatuSTayase sat hotA hai aura pararUpacatuSTayase asat / yadi svarUpacatuSTayakI taraha pararUpacatuSTayase bhI sat mAna liyA jAya; to sva aura parameM koI bheda nahIM rahakara sabako sarvAtmakatAkA prasaMga prApta hotA hai| yadi pararUpakI taraha svarUpase bhI asat ho jAya; to niHsvarUpa honese abhAvAtmakatAkA prasaMga hotA hai / ataH lokakI pratItisiddha vyavasthAke liye pratyeka padArthako svarUpase sat aura pararUpase asat mAnanA hI caahiye| dravya eka ikAI hai, akhaMDa maulika hai / pudgala dravyoMmeM hI paramANuoMke paraspara saMyogase choTe-bar3e aneka skandha taiyAra hote haiM / ye skandha saMyuktaparyAya haiN| aneka dravyoMke saMyogase hI ghaTa, paTa Adi sthUla padArthoM kI sRSTi hotI hai / ye saMyukta sthUla paryAyeM bhI apane dravya, apane kSetra, apane kAla aura apane asAdhAraNa nija dharmakI dRSTise 'sat' haiM aura paradravya, parakSetra, parakAla aura parabhAvakI dRSTise asat haiN| isa taraha koI bhI padArtha isa sadasadAtmakatAkA apavAda nahIM ho sktaa| 24

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370 jainadarzana ekAnekAtmaka tattva : hama pahale likha cuke haiM ki do dravya vyavahArake liye hI eka kahe jA sakate haiM / vastutaH do pRthak svataMtrasiddha dravya ekasattAka nahIM ho skte| pudgala dravyake aneka aNu jaba skandha avasthAko prApta hote haiM taba unakA aisA rAsAyanika mizraNa hotA hai, jisase ye amuka kAla taka ekasattAka jaise ho jAte haiM / aisI dazAmeM hameM pratyeka dravyakA vicAra karate samaya dravyadRSTise use eka mAnanA hogA aura guNa tathA paryAyoMkI dRSTise aneka / eka hI manuSyajIva apanI bAla, yuvA, vRddha Adi avasthAoMkI dRSTise aneka anubhavameM AtA hai| dravya apanI guNa aura paryAyoMse, saMjJA, saMkhyA, lakSaNa, prayojana AdikI apekSA bhinna hokara bhI cUMki dravyase pRthaka guNa aura paryAyoMkI sattA nahIM pAI jAtI, yA prayatna karane para bhI hama dravyase guNaparyAyoMkA vivecana-pRthakkaraNa nahIM kara sakate, ataH ve abhinna hai / satsAmAnyakI dRSTise samasta dravyoMko eka kahA jA sakatA hai aura apane-apane vyaktitvakI dRSTise pRthak arthAt anek| isa taraha samagra vizva aneka hokara bhI vyavahArArtha saMgrahanayakI dRSTise eka kahA jAtA hai| eka dravya apane guNa aura paryAyoMkI dRSTise anekAtmaka hai / eka hI AtmA harSa-viSAda, sukha-duHkha, jJAna Adi aneka rUpoMse anubhava meM AtA hai| dravyakA lakSaNa anvayarUpa hai, jaba ki paryAya vyatirekarUpa hotI hai| dravyakI saMkhyA eka hai aura paryAyoMkI aneka / dravyakA prayojana anvayajJAna hai aura paryAyakA prayojana hai vyatireka jJAna / paryAyeM pratikSaNa naSTa hotI haiM aura dravya anAdi ananta hotA hai| isa taraha eka hokara bhI dravyakI anekarUpatA jaba pratItisiddha hai taba usameM virodha, saMzaya Adi dUSaNoMkA koI. avakAza nahIM hai| nityAnityAtmaka tattva : ___ yadi dravyako sarvathA nitya mAnA jAtA hai to usameM kisI bhI prakAra ke pariNamanakI saMbhAvanA nahIM honese koI arthakriyA nahIM ho sakegI aura arthakriyAzUnya honese puNya-pApa, bandha-mokSa, lena-dena AdikI samasta vyavasthAe~ naSTa ho jaayNgii| yadi padArtha eka jaisA kUTastha nitya rahatA hai to jagake pratikSaNake parivartana asaMbhava ho jAya~ge / aura yadi padArthako sarvathA vinAzI mAnA jAtA hai to pUrvaparyAyakA uttaraparyAyake sAtha koI vAstavika sambandha na honeke kAraNa lena-dena, bandha-mokSa, smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna Adi vyavahAra ucchinna ho jaayNge| jo karatA hai usake bhoganekA krama hI nahIM rhegaa| nitya pakSameM kartRtva nahIM banatA, to anitya pakSameM karanevAlA eka aura bhoganevAlA dUsarA hotA hai / upAdAna-upAdeyabhAvamUlaka

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syAdvAda 371 kAryakAraNabhAva bhI isa pakSameM nahIM bana sktaa| ataH samasta loka-paraloka tathA kAryakAraNabhAva Adiko suvyavasthAke liye padArthoM meM parivartanake sAtha-hI-sAtha usakI maulikatA aura anAdianantarUpa dravyatvakA AdhArabhUta dhruvatva bhI svIkAra karanA hI caahiye| isake mAne binA dravyakA maulikatva surakSita nahIM raha sktaa| ataH pratyeka dravya apanI anAdi ananta dhArAmeM pratikSaNa sadRza, visadRza, alpasadRza, ardhasadRza Adi anekarUpa pariNamana karatA huA bhI kabhI samApta nahIM hotA, usakA samUla uccheda yA vinAza nahIM hotaa| AtmAko mokSa ho jAne para bhI usakI samApti nahIM hotI, kintu vaha apane zuddhatama svarUpameM sthira ho jAtA hai / usa samaya usameM vaibhAvika pariNamana nahIM hokara dravyagata utpAda-vyaya svarUpake kAraNa svabhAvabhUta sadRza pariNamana sadA hotA rahatA hai| kabhI bhI yaha pariNamanacakra rukatA nahIM hai aura na kabhI koI bhI dravya samApta hI ho sakatA hai| ataH pratyeka dravya nityAnityAtmaka hai| yadyapi hama svayaM apanI bAla, yuvA, vRddha Adi avasthAoMmeM badala rahe haiM, phira bhI hamArA eka aisA astitva to hai hI, jo ina saba parivartanoMmeM hamArI ekarUpatA rakhatA hai| vastusthiti jaba isa taraha pariNAmI-nityakI hai, taba yaha zaMkA ki 'jo nitya hai vaha anitya kaisA ?' nirmUla hai; kyoMki parivartanoMke AdhArabhUta padArthakI santAnaparamparA usake anAdyananta sattvake binA bana hI nahIM sktii| yahI usakI nityatA hai jo ananta parivartanoMke bAvajUda bhI vaha samApta nahIM hotA aura apane atItake saMskAroMko letA-chor3atA vartamAna taka AtA hai aura apane bhaviSyake eka-eka kSaNako vartamAna banAtA huA unheM atItake gahvarameM DhakelatA jAtA hai, para kabhI svayaM rukatA nahIM hai| kisI aise kAlakI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, jo svayaM aMtima ho, jisake bAda dUsarA kAla nahIM AnevAlA ho / kAlakI taraha samasta jagatke aNu-paramANu aura cetana AdimeMse koI eka yA sabhI kabhI nirmUla samApta ho jAyeMge, aisI kalpanA hI nahIM hotii| yaha koI buddhikI sImAke parekI bAta nahIM hai / buddhi 'amuka kSaNameM amuka padArthakI amuka avasthA hogI' isa prakAra parivartanakA vizeSarUpa na bhI jAna sake, para itanA to use spaSTa bhAna hotA hai ki 'padArthakA bhaviSyake pratyeka kSaNameM koI-na-koI parivartana avazya hogaa|' jaba dravya apanemeM maulika hai, taba usakI samApti, yAnI samUla nAzakA prazna hI nahIM hai / ataH padArthamAtra, cAhe vaha cetana ho, yA acetana, pariNAmInitya hai / vaha pratikSaNa trilakSaNa hai| hara samaya koI eka paryAya usakI hogI hai / vaha

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372 jainadarzana atIta paryAyakA nAza kara jisa prakAra svayaM astitvameM AI hai usI taraha uttara paryAyako utpanna kara svayaM naSTa ho jAyagI / atItakA vyaya aura vartamAnakA utpAda donoMmeM dravyarUpase dhruvatA hai hii| yaha trayAtmakatA vastukI jAna hai| isIko svAmI samantabhadra' tathA bhaTTa kumArilane laukika dRSTAntase isa prakAra samajhAyA hai ki jaba soneke kalazako miTAkara mukuTa banAyA gayA, to kalazArthIko zoka huA, mukuTAbhilASIko harSa aura suvarNArthIko mAdhyasthyabhAva rhaa| kalazArthIko zoka kalazake nAzake kAraNa huA, mukuTAbhilASIko harSa mukuTake utpAdake kAraNa tathA suvarNArthIko taTasthatA donoM dazAoMmeM suvarNake bane rahaneke kAraNa huI hai| ataH vastu utpAdAditrayAtmaka hai / jaba dUdhako jamAkara dahI banAyA gayA, to jisa vyaktiko dUdha khAnekA vrata hai vaha dahIko nahIM khAyagA, para jise dahI khAnekA vrata hai vaha dahIko to khA legA, para dUdhako nahIM khAyagA, aura jise gorasake tyAgakA vrata hai vaha na dUdha khAyagA aura na dahI; kyoMki donoM hI avasthAoMmeM gorasa hai hii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki gorasakI hI dUdha aura dahI donoM kramika paryAyeM thiiN| ___pAtaJjala mahAbhASyameM bhI padArthake trayAtmakatvakA samarthana zabdArtha mImAMsAke prakaraNa meM milatA hai / AkRti naSTa hone para bhI padArthakI sattA banI rahatI hai| eka hI kSaNameM vastuke trayAtmaka kahanekA spaSTa artha yaha hai ki pUrvakA vinAza aura "ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI nAzotpAdasthitiSvayam / zokapramodamAdhyasthyaM jano yAti sahetukam ||"-aaptmii0 zlo0 56 / "vardhamAnakamaGga ca rucakaH kriyate ydaa| tadA pUrvArthinaH zokaH prItizcApyuttarAthinaH // hemAthinatu mAdhyasthyaM tasmAdvastu yAtmakam / na nAzena vinA zoko notpAdena vinA sukham / sthitvA vinA na mAdhyasthyaM tena sAmAnyanityatA // " -mI0 zlo0 pR0 610 / 2. "payovrato na dadhyatti na payo'tti ddhivtH|| agorasavato nobhe tasmAttattvaM trayAtmakam // " , -AptamI0 zlo0 69 / 3. "dravyaM hi nitymaakRtirnityaa| suvarNa kayAcidAkRtyA yuktaM piNDo bhavati, piNDA kRtimupamRdya rucakAH kriyante, rucakAkRtimupamRdya kaTakAH kriyante, kaTakAkRtimupamRdya svastikAH kriyante, punarAvRttaH suvarNapiNDaH punaraparayA AkRtyA yuktaH khadirAGgArasadRze kuNDale bhavataH / AkRtiranyA anyA ca bhavati, dravyaM punastadeva, AkRtyupamardaina drvymevaavshissyte|" -pAta0 mahAbhA0 // 11 // yogabhA0 4 / 13 //

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syAdvAda 373 uttarakA utpAda do cIjeM nahIM hai, kintu eka kAraNase utpanna honeke kAraNa pUrvavinAza hI uttarotpAda hai| jo utpanna hotA hai vahI naSTa hotA hai aura vahI dhruva hai / yaha sunanemeM to aTapaTA lagatA hai ki 'jo utpanna hotA hai aura naSTa hotA hai vaha dhruva kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha to prakaTa virodha hai; parantu vastusthitikA thor3I sthiratAse vicAra karane para yaha kucha bhI aTapaTA nahIM lgtaa| isake mAne binA tattvake svarUpakA nirvAha hI nahIM ho sktaa| bhedAbhedAtmaka tattva : guNa aura guNImeM, sAmAnya aura sAmAnyavAnmeM, avayava aura avayavImeM, kAraNa aura kAryameM sarvathA bheda mAnanese guNaguNIbhAva Adi nahIM hI bana skte| sarvathA abheda mAnane para bhI yaha guNa hai aura yaha guNI, yaha vyavahAra nahIM ho sakatA / guNa yadi guNIse sarvathA bhinna hai, to amuka guNakA amuka guNIse hI niyata sambandha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? avayavI yadi avayavoMse sarvathA bhinna hai, to eka avayavI apane avayavoMmeM sarvAtmanA rahatA hai, yA ekadezase ? yadi pUrNarUpase; to jitane avayava haiM utane hI avayavI mAnanA hoNge| yadi ekadezase; to jitane avayava haiM utane pradeza usa avayavIke svIkAra karanA hogeN| isa taraha sarvathA bheda aura abheda pakSameM aneka dUSaNa Ate haiN| ataH tattvako pUrvokta prakArase kathaJcit bhedAbhedAtmaka mAnanA caahiye| jo dravya hai vahI abheda hai aura jo guNa aura paryAya haiM vahI bheda hai / do pRthasiddha dravyoMmeM jisa prakAra abheda kAlpanika hai usI taraha eka dravyakA apane guNa aura paryAyoMse bheda mAnanA bhI sirpha samajhane aura samajhAneke liye hai / guNa aura paryAyako chor3akara dravyakA koI svatantra astitva nahIM hai, jo inameM rahatA ho / isI taraha 'anyAnanyAtmaka aura 2pRthaktvApRthaktvAtmaka tattvakI bhI vyAkhyA kara lenI caahiye| dharma-dharmibhAvakA vyavahAra bhale hI ApekSika ho, para svarUpa to svataHsiddha hI hai / jaise-eka hI vyakti vibhinna apekSAoMse kartA, karma, karaNa Adi kArakarUpase vyavahAra meM AtA hai, para usa vyaktikA svarUpa svataHsiddha hI huA karatA hai; usI taraha pratyeka padArthameM anantadharma svarUpa-siddha hokara bhI parakI apekSAse vyavahArameM Ate haiN| 2. Aptamo0 zlo0 28 / 1. AptamI0 zlo0 61 / 3. AptamI0 zlo0 73-75 /

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374 jainadarzana niSkarSa itanA hI hai ki pratyeka akhaNDa tattva yA dravyako vyavahArameM utAraneke liye usakA aneka dharmoke AkArake rUpameM varNana kiyA jAtA hai| usa dravyako chor3akara dharmokI svatantra sattA nahIM hai| dUsare zabdoMmeM antataH guNa, paryAya aura dharmoko chor3akara dravyakA koI svatantra astitva nahIM hai / koI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA, jaba guNaparyAyazUnya dravya pRthaka mila sake, yA dravyase bhinna guNa aura paryAyeM dikhAI jA skeN| isa taha syAdvAda isa anekAntarUpa arthako nirdoSapaddhatise vacanavyavahAra meM utAratA hai aura pratyeka vAkyakI sApekSatA aura AMzika sthitikA bodha karAtA hai| saptabhaMgI: vastukI anekAntAtmakatA aura bhASAke nirdoSa prakAra-syAdvAdako samajha leneke bAda saptabhaMgIkA svarUpa samajhane meM AsAnI ho jAtI hai| 'anekAnta' meM yaha batalAyA gayA hai ki vastumeM sAmAnyatayA vibhinna apekSAoMse anantadharma hote haiN| vizeSataH anekAntakA prayojana 'pratyeka dharma apane pratipakSI dharmake sAtha vastumeM rahatA hai' yaha pratipAdana karanA hI hai| yoM to eka pudgalameM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, halakA, bhArI, sattva, ekatva Adi aneka dharma ginAye jA sakate haiN| parantu 'sat' asatkA avinAbhAvI hai aura eka anekakA avinAbhAvI hai' yaha sthApita karanA hI anekAntakA mukhya lakSya hai| isI vizeSa hetuse pramANAvirodhI vivipratiSedhako kalpanAko saptabhaMgI kahate haiM / ___ isa bhAratabhUmimeM vizvake sambandhase sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya ye cAra pakSa vaidikakAlase hI vicArakoTimeM rahe haiN| "sadeva saumyedamagra AsIta' ( chAndo0 6 / 2) "asadevedamagra AsIt" ( chAndo0 3 / 19 / 1 ) ityAdi vAkya jagatke sambandhameM sat aura asat rUpase paraspara-virodhI do kalpanAoMko spaSTa upasthita kara rahe haiN| to vahIM sat aura asat, isa ubhayarUpatAkA tathA ina sabase pare vacanAgocara tattvakA pratipAdana karanevAle pakSa bhI maujUda the| buddhake avyAkRtavAda aura saMjayake ajJAnavAdameM inhIM cAra pakSoMke darzana hote haiN| usa samayakA vAtAvaraNa hI aisA thA ki pratyeka vastukA svarUpa 'sat', asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya' ina cAra koTiyoMse vicArA jAtA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIrane apanI vizAla aura udAra tattvadRSTise vastuke virATarUpako dekhA aura batAyA ki vastuke anantadharmamaya svarUpasAgarameM ye cAra koTiyA~ to kyA, aisI ananta koTiyA~ laharA rahI hai|

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syAdvAda apunarukta bhaMga sAta haiM : cAra koTiyoMmeM tIsarI ubhayakoTi to sat aura asat do ko milAkara banAI gaI hai| mUla bhaGga to tIna hI haiM-sat, asat aura anubhaya arthAt avaktavya / gaNitake niyamake anusAra tInake apunarukta vikalpa sAta hI ho sakate haiM, adhika nhiiN| jaise-soMTha, miraca aura pIpalake pratyeka-pratyeka tIna svAda aura dvisaMyogI tIna-( soMTha-miraca, soMTha-pIpala aura miraca-pIpala ) tathA eka trisaMyogI ( soMTha-miraca-pIpala milAkara ) isa taraha apunarukta svAda sAta hI ho sakate haiM, usI taraha sat, asat aura anubhaya ( avaktavya )ke apunarukta bhaMga sAta hI ho sakate haiM / bha0 mahAvIrane kahA ki vastu itanI virAT hai ki usameM cAra koTiyA~ to kyA, inake milAna-jur3Anake bAda adhika-se-adhika sambhava honevAlI sAta koTiyA~ bhI vidyamAna haiN| Aja logoMkA prazna cAra koTiyoMmeM ghUmatA hai, para kalpanA to eka-eka dharmameM adhika-se-adhika sAta prakArakI ho sakatI hai| ye sAtoM prakArake apunarukta dharma vastumeM vidyamAna haiN| yahA~ yaha bAta khAsa taurase dhyAnameM rakhane kI hai ki eka-eka dharmako kendra meM rakhakara usake pratipakSI virodhI dharmake sAtha vastuke vAstavikarUpa yA zabdakI asAmarthyajanya avaktavyatAko milAkara sAta bhaMgoM yA sAta dharmoMkI kalpanA hotI hai| aise asaMkhya sAta-sAta bhaMga pratyeka dharmakI apekSAse vastumeM sambhava haiN| isaliye vastuko saptadharmA na kahakara anantadharmA yA anekAntAtmaka kahA gayA hai| jaba hama astitva dharmakA vicAra karate haiM to astitvaviSayaka sAta bhaMga banate haiM aura jaba nityatva dharmakI vivecanA karate haiM to nityatvako kendrameM rakhakara sAta bhaMga bana jAte haiN| isa taraha asaMkhya sAtasAta bhaMga vastumeM sambhava hote haiM / sAta hI bhaMga kyoM ?: __ 'bhaMga sAta hI kyoM hote haiM ?' isa praznakA eka samAdhAna to yaha ki tIna bastuoMke gaNitake niyamake anusAra apunarukta bhaMga sAta hI ho sakate haiN| dUsarA samAdhAna hai ki prazna sAta prakArake hI hote haiM / 'prazna sAta prakArake kyoM hote haiM ?' isakA uttara hai ki jijJAsA sAta prakArakI hI hotI hai| 'jijJAsA sAta prakArakI kyoM hotI hai ?' isakA uttara hai ki saMzaya sAta prakArake hI hote haiM / 'saMzaya sAta prakArake kyoM haiM ?' isakA javAba hai ki vastuke dharma hI sAta prakArake haiN| tAtparya yaha ki saptabhaMgInyAyameM manuSya-svabhAvakI tarkamUlaka pravRttiko gaharI chAnabIna karake vaijJAnika AdhArase yaha nizcaya kiyA gayA hai ki Aja jo 'sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhayakI' cAra koTiyA~ tattvavicArakai kSetrameM pracalita haiM

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jainadarzane unakA adhika-se-adhika vikAsa sAta rUpameM hI sambhava ho sakatA hai| satya to trikAlAbAdhita hotA hai, ataH tarkajanya praznoMkI adhikatama sambhAvanA karake hI unakA samAdhAna isa saptabhaMgI prakriyAse kiyA gayA hai / __ vastukA nijarUpa to vacanAtIta-anirvacanIya hai| zabda usake akhaNDa AtmarUpa taka nahIM pahu~ca sakate / koI jJAnI usa avaktavya, akhaNDa vastuko kahanA cAhatA hai to vaha pahale usakA 'asti' rUpameM varNana karatA hai| para jaba vaha dekhatA hai ki isase vastukA pUrNa rUpa varNita nahIM ho sakatA hai, to usakA 'nAsti' rUpameM varNana karanekI ora jhukatA hai / kintu phira bhI vastukI anantadharmAtmakatAkI sImAko nahIM chU pAtA / phira vaha kAlakramase ubhayarUpameM varNana karake bhI usakI pUrNatAko nahIM pahu~ca pAtA, taba barabasa apanI tathA zabdakI asAmarthyapara khIjha kara kaha uThatA hai "yato vAco nivartante aprApya manasA saha" ( taittirI0 2 / 4 / 1) arthAt jisake svarUpakI prApti vacana tathA mana bhI nahIM kara sakate, ve bhI usase nivRtta ho jAte haiM, aisA vaha vacana tathA manakA agocara akhaNDa anirvacIya anantadharmA vastutattva / isa sthitike anusAra vaha mUlarUpa to avaktavya hai / usake kahanekI ceSTA jisa dharmase prArambha hotI hai vaha tathA usakA pratipakSI dUsarA, isa taraha tIna dharma mukhya haiM, aura inhIM tInakA vistAra saptabhaMgIke rUpameM sAmane AtA hai| Ageke bhaMga vastutaH svatantra bhaMga nahIM haiM, ve to praznoMkI adhikatama sambhAvanAke rUpa haiN| zve0 Agama granthoMmeM yadyapi kaNThokta rUpameM 'siya asthi siya Natthi siya avattavvA' rUpa tIna bhaMgoMke nAma milate haiM, para bhagavatIsUtra ( 12 / 10 / 469) meM jo AtmAkA varNana AyA hai usameM spaSTa rUpase sAtoM bhaMgoMkA prayoga kiyA gayA hai' / A0 kundakundane paMcAstikAya ( gA0 14 ) meM sAta bhaMgoMke nAma ginAkara 'saptabhaMga' zabdakA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| isameM antara itanA hI hai ki bhagavatIsUtrameM avaktavya bhaMgako tIsarA sthAna diyA hai jaba ki kundakundane use paMcAstikAyameM cauthe nambara para rakhakara bhI pravacanasAra ( gA0 23 ) meM ise tIsare nambara para hI rakhA hai| uttarakAlIna digambara-zvetAmbara tarka-granthoMmeM isa bhaMgakA donoM hI kramase ullekha milatA hai| avaktavya bhaMgakA artha: avaktavya bhaMgake do artha hote haiN| eka to zabdakI asAmarthyake kAraNa vastuke anantadharmA svarUpako vacanAgocara ataeva avaktavya kahanA aura dUsarA vivakSita 1. dekho, jainatarkavAtika prastAvanA pR0 44-49 / 1. dekho, akalaGkaanyatraya Ti0 pR0 166 /

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syAdvAda saptabhaMgImeM prathama aura dvitIya bhaMgoMke yugapat kaha sakanekI sAmarthya na honeke kAraNa avaktavya kahanA / pahale prakArameM vaha eka vyApaka rUpa hai jo vastuke sAmAnya pUrNa rUpapara lAgU hotA hai aura dUsarA prakAra vivakSita do dharmoMko yugapat na kaha sakanekI dRSTise honeke kAraNa vaha eka dharmake rUpameM sAmane AtA hai arthAt vastukA eka rUpa avaktavya bhI hai aura eka rUpa vaktavya bhI, jo zeSa dharmoMke dvArA pratipAdita hotA hai| yahA~ taka ki 'avaktavya' zabdake dvArA bhI usIkA sparza hotA hai| do dharmoko yugapat na kaha sakanekI dRSTise jo avaktavya dharma phalita hotA hai vaha tattat saptabhaMgiyoMmeM judA-judA hI hai, yAnI sat aura asatko yugapat na kaha sakaneke kAraNa jo avaktavya dharma hogA vaha eka bhaMgase judA hogaa| avaktavya aura vaktavyako lekara jo saptabhaMgI calegI usameMkA avaktavya bhI vaktavya aura avaktavyako yugapat na kaha sakaneke kAraNa hI phalita hogA, vaha bhI eka dharmarUpa hI hogaa| saptabhaMgImeM jo avaktavya dharma vivakSita hai vaha do dharmoke yugapat kahanekI asAmarthyake kAraNa phalita honevAlA hI vivakSita hai| vastuke pUrNarUpavAlA avaktavya bhI yadyapi eka dharma hI hotA hai, para usakA isa saptabhaMgIvAle avaktavyase bheda hai| usameM bhI pUrNarUpase avaktavyatA aura aMzarUpase vaktavyatAkI vivakSA karanepara saptabhaMgI banAI jA sakatI hai| kintu nirupAdhi anirvacanIyatA aura vivakSita do dharmoko yugapat kaha sakanekI asAmarthyajanya avaktavyatAmeM vyApya-vyApakarUpase bheda to hai hii| ___'sat'viSayaka saptabhaMgImeM prathamabhaMga (1) syAdasti ghaTaH, dUsarA isakA pratipakSI (2) syAnnAsti ghaTaH, tIsarA bhaMga yugapat kahanekI asAmarthya honese (3) syAdavaktavyo ghaTaH; cauthA bhaMga kramase prathama aura dvitIyakI vivakSA honepara (4) syAdubhayo ghaTaH, pA~cavA~ prathama samayameM astikI aura dvitIya samayameM avaktavyako kramika vivakSA honepara (5) syAdasti avaktavyo ghaTaH, chaThavA~ prathama samayameM nAsti aura dvitIya samayameM avaktavyakI kramika vivakSA honepara (6) syAnnAsti avaktavyo ghaTaH, sAtavA~ prathama samayameM asti, dvitIya samayameM nAsti aura tRtIya samayameM avaktavyakI kramika vivakSA honepara (7) syAdasti nAsti avaktavyo ghaTaH, isa prakAra sAta bhaMga hote haiM / prathama bhaMga-ghaTakA astitva svacatuSTayakI dRSTise hai| usake apane dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva hI astitvake niyAmaka haiM / 1. ghar3eke svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTayakA vivecana tattvArthavArtika (16) meM isa prakAra hai (1) jisameM 'ghaTa' buddhi aura 'ghaTa' zabdakA vyavahAra ho vaha svAtmA tathA usase bhinna

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378 jainadarzana dvitIya bhaMga-ghaTakA nAstitva ghaTabhinna yAvat parapadArthoMke dravyAdi catuSTayakI apekSAse hai; kyoMki ghaTameM tathA parapadArthoMmeM bhedakI pratIti pramANasiddha hai / praatmaa| 'ghaTa' svAtmAkI dRSTise asti hai aura parAtmAkI dRSTise nArita / (2) nAma, sthApanA, dravya aura bhAva nikSepoMkA jo AdhAra hotA hai vaha svAtmA tathA anya praatmaa| yadi anya rUpase bhI 'ghaTa' asti kahA jAya to pratiniyata nAmAdi vyavahArakA uccheda hI ho jAyagA / (3) 'vaTa' zabdake vAcya aneka ghar3oMmeMse vivakSita amuka ghaTakA jo AkAra Adi hai vaha svAtmA, anya praatmaa| yadi itara ghaTake AkArase bhI vaha 'ghaTa' asti ho, to sabhI ghar3e ekarUpa ho jaayege| (4) amuka ghaTa bhI dravyadRSTi se anekakSaNa sthAyI hotA hai| cU~ki anvayI mRdravyakI apekSA sthAsa, koza, kuzUla, kapAla Adi pUrvottara avasthAoMmeM bhI 'ghaTa' vyavahAra saMbhava hai| ataH madhyakSaNavartI 'ghaTa' paryAya svAtmA hai tathA anya pUrvottara paryAyeM praatmaa| usI avasthAmeM vaha ghaTa hai, kyoMki ghaTake guNa, kriyA Adi usI avasthAmeM pAye jAte haiN| (5) usa madhyakAlavoM ghaTa paryAyameM bhI pratikSaNa upacaya aura apacaya hotA rahatA hai, aMtaH RjusUtranayakI dRSTise ekakSaNavartI ghaTa hI svAtmA hai, atIta anAgata kAlIna usI ghaTakI paryAyeM parAtmA haiN| yadi pratyutpanna kSaNako taraha atIta aura anAgata kSaNoMse bhI ghaTakA astitva mAnA jAya to sabhI ghaTa bartamAna kSaNamAtra hI ho jaaygeN| atIta aura anAgatakI taraha pratyutpanna kSaNase bhI asattva mAnA jAya, to jagatse ghaTavyavahArakA lopa hI ho jaaygaa| (6) usa pratyutpanna ghaTa kSaNameM rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, AkAra Adi aneka guNa aura paryAyeM haiM, ataH ghar3A pRthubudhnodarAkArase hai, kyoMki ghaTavyavahAra isI AkArase hotA hai, anyase nhiiN| (7) AkArameM rUpa, rasa Adi sabhI haiM / ghar3eke rUpako A~khase dekhakara hI ghar3eke astitvakA vyavahAra hotA hai, ataH rUpa svAtmA hai tathA rasAdi parAtmA / A~khase ghar3eko dekhatA hU~, yahA~ rUpako taraha rasAdi bhI ghaTake svAtmA ho jAya, to rasAdi bhI cakSuyAhya honese rUpAtmaka ho jaayeNge| aisI dazAmeM anya indriyoMkI kalpanA hI nirarthaka ho jAtI hai| (8) zabdabhedase arthabheda hotA hai| ataH ghaTa zabdakA artha judA hai tathA kuTa Adi zabdoMkA judA, ghaTana kriyAke kAraNa ghaTa hai tathA kuTila honese kutt| ataH ghar3A jisa samaya ghaTana kriyAmeM pariNata ho, usI samaya use ghaTa kahanA cAhiye / isaliye ghaTana kriyAmeM karttArUpase upayukta honevAlA svarUpa svAtmA hai aura anya praatmaa| yadi itararUpase bhI ghaTa kahA jAya, to paTAdimeM bhI ghaTavyavahAra honA caahiye| isa taraha sabhI padArtha eka zabdake vAcya ho jaaNygeN| (9) ghaTazabdake prayogake bAda utpanna ghaTajJAnAkAra svAtmA hai, kyoMki vahI antaraMga hai aura aheya hai, bAhya ghaTAkAra parAtmA hai, ataH ghar3A upayogAkArase hai, anyase nhiiN| (10) caitanyazaktike do AkAra hote haiM-1 zAnAkAra, 2 zeyAkAra / pratibimbazUnya darpaNakI taraha jJAnAkAra hai aura sapratibimba darpaNakI taraha jJeyAkAra / inameM zeyAkAra svAtmA hai kyoMki ghaTAkAra zAnase hI ghaTavyavahAra hotA hai| zAnAkAra parAtmA hai, kyoMki vaha sarvasAdhAraNa hai| yadi jJAnAkArase ghaTa mAnA jAya to ghaTAdi jJAna kAlameM bhI ghaTavyavahAra honA caahie| yadi jJeyAkArase bhI ghaTa 'nAsti' mAnA jAya, to ghaTa vyavahAra nirAdhAra ho jaaygaa|"

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syAdvAda 379 tRtIya bhaMga-jaba ghar3eke donoM svarUpa yugapat vivakSita hote haiM, to koI aisA zabda nahIM hai jo donoMko mukhyabhAvase eka sAtha kaha sake, ataH ghaTa avaktavya hai| Ageke cAra bhaMga saMyogaja haiM aura ve ina tIna bhaMgoMkI kramika vivakSA para sAmUhika dRSTi rahanepara banate haiM / yathA caturtha bhaMga-AstinAsti ubhayarUpa hai| prathama kSaNameM svacatuSTaya, dvitIyakSaNameM paracatuSTayakI kramika vivakSA honepara aura donoMpara sAmUhika dRSTi rahanepara ghaTa ubhayAtmaka hai| paJcama bhaMga-prathama kSaNameM svacatuSTaya, tathA dvitIya kSaNameM yugapat svaparacatuSTaya rUpa avaktavyako kramika vivakSA aura donoM samayoMpara sAmUhika dRSTi honepara ghaTa syAdastiavaktavya hai| chaThavA~ bhaMga-syAnnAsti avaktavya hai| prathama samaya meM paracatuSTaya, dvitIya samayameM avaktavyakI kramika vivakSA honepara tathA donoM samayoMpara sAmUhika dRSTi honepara ghar3A syAnnAsti avaktavya hai / sAtavA~ bhaMga-syAdastinAsti avaktavya hai / prathama samayameM svacatuSTaya, dvitIya samayameM paracatuSTaya tathA tRtIya samayameM yugapat svaparacatuSTayakI kramika vivakSA honepara aura tInoM samayoMpara sAmUhika dRSTi honepara ghar3A syAdastinAsti avaktavyarUpa siddha hotA hai| ___ maiM yaha batA cukA hU~ ki cauthese sAtaveM takake bhaMgoMkI sRSTi saMyogaja hai, aura vaha saMbhava dharmoMke apunarukta astitvakI svIkRti detI hai| 'syAt zabdake prayogakA niyama : pratyeka bhaMgameM svadharma mukhya hotA hai aura zeSa dharma gauNa hote haiN| isI gauNamukhya vivakSAkA sUcana 'syAt' zabda karatA hai| vaktA aura zrotA yadi zabdazakti aura vastusvarUpake vivecanameM kuzala' haiM to 'syAt' zabdake prayogakA koI niyama nahIM hai / usake binA prayogake bhI usakA sApekSa anekAntadyotana siddha ho jAtA hai / jaise--'aham asmi' ina do padoMmeM ekakA prayoga hone para dUsarekA artha svataH gamyamAna ho jAtA hai, phira bhI spaSTatAke liye donoMkA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usI taraha 'syAt' padakA prayoga bhI spaSTatA aura abhrAntike liye karanA ucita 1. laghI0 zlo0 33 / 2. nyAyavinizcaya zlo0 454 / aSTasahastrI pR0 139 / .

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38. jainadarzana hai / saMsArameM samajhadAroMkI apekSA kamasamajha yA nAsamajhoMkI saMkhyA hI ausata darje adhika rahatI AI hai / ataH sarvatra 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga karanA hI rAjamArga hai| paramatakI apekSA bhaMga-yojanA : syAdasti avaktavya Adi tIna bhaMga paramatakI apekSA isa taraha lagAye jAte haiM / advaitavAdiyoMkA sanmAtra tattva asti hokara bhI avaktavya hai, kyoMki kevala sAmAnyameM vacanoMkI pravRtti nahIM hotii| bauddhoMkA anyApoha nAstirUpa hokara bhI avaktavya hai, kyoMki zabdake dvArA mAtra anyakA apoha karanese kisI vidhirUpa vastukA bodha nahIM ho skegaa| vaizeSikake svatantra sAmAnya aura vizeSa astinAsti-sAmAnya-vizeSarUpa hokara bhI avaktavya haiM-zabdake vAcya nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki donoMko svatantra mAnane para unameM sAmAnya-vizeSabhAva nahIM ho sktaa| sarvathA bhinna sAmAnya aura vizeSameM zabdakI pravRtti nahIM hotI aura na unase koI arthakriyA hI ho sakatI hai| sakalAdeza aura vikalAdeza : laghIyastrayameM sakalAdeza aura vikalAdezake sambandhameM likhA hai "upayogau zrutasya dvau syaadvaad-nysNjnyitau| syAdvAdaH sakalAdezI nayo vikalasaMkathA // 32 // " arthAt zrutajJAnake do upayoga haiM-eka syAdvAda aura dUsarA ny| syAdvAda sakalAdezarUpa hotA hai aura naya vikalAdeza / sakalAdezako pramANa tathA vikalAdezako naya kahate haiM / ye sAtoM hI bhaMga jaba sakalAdezI hote haiM taba pramANa aura saptabhaMgI aura nayasaptabhaMgIke rUpameM vibhAjita ho jAtI hai / eka dharmake dvArA samasta vastuko akhaMDarUpase grahaNa karanevAlA sakalAdeza hai tathA usI dharmako pradhAna tathA zeSa dharmoko gauNa karanevAlA vikalAdeza hai / syAdvAda anekAntAtmaka arthako grahaNa karatA hai / jaise--'jIva' kahanese jJAna, darzana Adi asAdhAraNa guNavAle sattva, prameyatvAdi sAdhAraNa svabhAvavAle tathA amUrtatva, asaMkhyAtapradezitva Adi sAdhAraNAsAdhAraNadharmazAlI jIvakA samagrabhAvase grahaNa ho jAtA hai / isameM sabhI dharma ekarUpase gRhIta hote haiM, ataH gauNamukhyavyavasthA antarlIna ho jAtI hai|' __ vikalAdezI naya eka dharmakA mukhyarUpase kathana karatA hai| jaise-'jJo jIvaH' kahanese jIvake jJAnaguNakA mukhyatayA bodha hotA hai, zeSa dharmoMkA gauNarUpase usIke

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syAdvAda 381 garbhameM pratibhAsa hotA hai / vikala arthAt eka dharmakA mukhyarUpase jJAna karAne ke kAraNa hI yaha vAkya vikalAdeza yA naya kahA jAtA hai| vikalAdezI vAkyameM bhI 'syAt' padakA prayoga hotA hai jo zeSa dharmokI gauNatA arthAt unakA astitvamAtra sUcita karatA hai / isIlie 'syAt' padalAMchita naya samyakanaya kahalAtA hai / sakalAdezameM dharmIvAcaka zabdake sAtha evakAra lagatA hai / yathA-'syAjjIva eva' / ata eva yaha dharmIkA akhaMDabhAvase bodha karAtA hai, vikalAdezameM 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' isa taraha dharmavAcaka zabdake sAtha evakAra lagatA hai jo astitva dharmakA mukhyarUpase jJAna karAtA hai| akalaMkadevane tattvArthavArtika ( 4 / 42 ) meM donoMkA 'syAdastyeva jIvaH' yahI udAharaNa diyA hai| usakI sakalavikalAdezatA samajhAte hue unhoMne likhA hai ki jahA~ asti zabdake dvArA sArI vastu samagrabhAvase pakar3a lI jAya vaha sakalAdeza hai aura jahA~ astike dvArA astitva dharmakA mukhyarUpase tathA zeSa dharmoMkA gauNarUpase bhAna ho vaha vikalAdeza hai| yadyapi donoM vAkyoMmeM samagna vastu gRhIta hotI hai para sakalAdezameM samagra dharma yAnI pUrA dharmI ekabhAvase gRhIta hotA hai jaba ki vikalAdezameM eka hI dharma mukhyarUpase gRhIta hotA hai / yahA~ yaha prazna sahaja hI uTha sakatA hai ki 'jaba sakalAdezakA pratyeka bhaMga samagra vastukA grahaNa karatA hai taba sakalAdezake sAtoM bhaMgoMmeM paraspara kyA bheda huA ?' isakA samAdhAna yaha hai ki- yadyapi sabhI dharmomeM pUrI vastu gRhIta hotI hai sahI, para syAdasti bhaMgameM vaha astitva dharmake dvArA gRhIta hotI hai aura nAstitva Adi bhaMgoMmeM nAstitva Adi dharmoke dvArA / unameM mukhya-gauNabhAva bhI itanA hI hai ki jahA~ asti zabdakA prayoga hai vahA~ mAtra 'asti' isa zAbdika prayogakI hI mukhyatA hai, dharmakI nhiiN| zeSa dharmokI gauNatA bhI itanI hI hai ki unakA usa samaya zAbdika prayoga dvArA kathana nahIM huA hai| kAlAdikI dRSTi se bhedAbheda kathana : prathama bhaMgameM dravyAthikake pradhAna honese 'asti' zabdakA prayoga hai aura usI rUpase samasta vastukA grahaNa hai| dvitIya bhaMgameM paryAyAthikake pradhAna honese 'nAsti' zabdakA prayoga hai aura usI rUpase pUrI vastukA grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| jaisekisI caukora kAgajako hama kramazaH cAroM choroMko pakar3akara uThAveM to hara bAra uThegA to pUrA kAgaja, para uThAnekA DhaMga badalatA jAyagA, vaise hI sakalAdezake bhaMgoMmeM pratyekake dvArA grahaNa to pUrI hI vastukA hotA hai; para una bhaMgoMkA krama badalatA jAtA hai| vikalAdezameM vahI dharma mukhyarUpase gRhIta hotA hai aura zeSa

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382 jainadarzana dharma gauNa ho jAte haiM / jaba dravyAthikanayakI vivakSA hotI hai taba samasta guNoMmeM abhedavRtti to svataH ho jAtI hai, parantu paryAyArthikanayakI vivakSA hone para guNa aura dharmomeM kAla AdikI dRSTise abhedocAra karake samasta vastukA grahaNa kara liyA jAtA hai / kAla, AtmarUpa, artha, sambandha, upakAra, guNideza, saMsarga aura zabda ina ATha dRSTiyoMse guNAdimeM abhedakA upacAra kiyA jAtA hai / jo kAla eka guNakA hai vahI anya azeSa guNoMkA hai, ataH kAlakI dRSTise unameM abhedakA upacAra ho jAtA hai| jo eka guNakA 'tadguNatva' svarUpa hai vahI zeSa samasta guNoMkA hai / jo AdhArabhUta artha eka guNakA hai vahI zeSa sabhI guNoMkA hai / jo kathaJcittAdAtmya sambandha eka guNakA hai vahI zeSa guNoMkA bhI hai| jo upakAra apane anukUla viziSTabuddhi utpanna karanA eka guNakA hai vahI upakAra anya zeSa guNoMkA hai / jo guNideza eka guNakA hai vahI anya zeSa guNoMkA hai| jo saMsarga eka guNakA hai vahI zeSa dharmoMkA bhI hai| jo zabda 'usa dravyakA guNa' eka guNake liye prayukta hotA hai vahI zeSa dharmoMke liye prayukta hotA hai| tAtparya yaha ki paryAyAthikakI vivakSAmeM paraspara bhinna guNa aura paryAyoMmeM abhedakA upacAra karake akhaMDabhAvase samagra dravya gRhIta ho jAtA hai vikalAdezameM dravyAthikanayakI vivakSA hone para bhedakA upacAra karake eka dharmakA mukhyabhAvase grahaNa hotA hai| paryAyArthikanayameM to bhedavRtti svataH hai hii| bhaMgoMmeM sakalavikalAdezatA : yaha sa bhaMgI sakalAdezake rUpameM pramANasaptabhaMgI kahI jAtI hai aura vikalAdezake rUpameM nayasaptabhaMgI nAma pAtI hai| nayasaptabhaMgI arthAt vikalAdezameM mukhya rUpase vivakSita dharma gRhIta hotA hai; zeSakA nirAkaraNa to nahIM hI hotA para grahaNa bhI nahIM hotA, jaba ki sakalAdezameM vivakSitadharmake dvArA zeSa dharmoMkA bhI grahaNa hotA hai|| ____ A0 siddhasenagaNi, abhayadeva. sUri ( sanmati0 TI0 pR0 446 ) Adine 'sat, asat aura avaktavya' ina tIna bhaMgoMko sakalAdezI tathA zeSa cAra bhaMgoMko vikalAdezI mAnA hai| inakA tAtparya yaha hai ki prathama bhaMgameM dravyAthika dRSTise 'sat' rUpase abheda mAnakara saMpUrNa dravyakA grahaNa ho jAtA hai| dvitIya bhaMgameM paryAyAthika dRSTise samasta paryAyoMmeM abhedopacAra karake samasta dravyako grahaNa kara sakate haiN| aura tRtIya avaktavya bhaMgameM to sAmAnyatayA avivakSita bhedavAle dravyakA grahaNa hotA hai| ataH ina tInoMko sakalAdezI kahanA caahiye| parantu caturtha Adi bhaMgoMmeM to do-do aMzavAlI tathA sAtaveM bhaMgameM tIna aMzavAlI vastuke

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syAdvAda 383 grahaNa karate samaya dRSTike sAmane aMzakalpanA barAbara rahatI hai, ataH inheM vikalAdezI kahanA cAhiye / yadyapi 'syAt' pada honese zeSa dharmokA saMgraha inameM bhI ho jAtA hai; para dharmabheda honese akhaMDa dharmI abhinnabhAvase gRhIta nahIM ho pAtI, isaliye ye vikalAdeza haiN| u0 yazovijayajIne jainatarka-bhASA aura gurutattvavinizcaya Adi apane granthoMmeM isa paramparAkA anusaraNa na karake sAtoM hI bhaMgoMko sakalAdezI aura vikalAdezI donoM rUpa mAnA hai| para aSTasahasrIvivaraNa (pR0 208 bI0 ) meM ve tIna bhaMgoMko sakalAdezI aura zeSako vikalAdezI mAnanekA pakSa bhI svIkAra karate haiN| ve likhate haiM ki deza bhedake binA kramase sat, asat, ubhayakI vivakSA ho nahIM sakatI, ataH niravayava dravyako viSaya karanA saMbhava nahIM hai, isaliye cAroM bhaMgoMko vikalAdezI mAnanA cAhiye / yaha matabheda koI mahattvakA nahIM hai; kAraNa jisa prakAra hama sattvamukhena samasta vastukA saMgraha kara sakate haiM, usI taraha sattva aura asattva do dharmoM ke dvArA bhI akhaMDa vastukA sparza karane meM koI bAdhA pratIta nahIM hotI / yaha to vivakSAbheda aura dRSTibhedakI bAta hai / malayagiri AcAryake matako mImAMsA : AcArya malayagiri ( Ava0 ni0 malaya0 TI0 pR0 371 e ) pramANavAkyameM hI 'syAt' zabdakA prayoga mAnate haiN| unakA abhiprAya hai ki nayavAkyameM jaba 'syAt' padake dvArA zeSa dharmokA saMgraha ho jAtA hai to vaha samasta vastukA grAhaka honese pramANa hI ho jAyagA, naya nahIM raha sakatA, kyoMki naya to eka dharmakA grAhaka hotA hai| inake matase sabhI naya ekAntagrAhaka honese mithyArUpa haiN| kintu unake isa matakI u0 yazovijayajIne gurutattvavinizcaya (pR0 17 bI ) meM AlocanA kI hai| ve likhate haiM ki "nayAntarasApekSa nayakA pramANameM antarbhAva karane para vyavahAranayako pramANa mAnanA hogA, kyoMki vaha nizcayakI apekSA rakhatA hai| isI taraha cAroM nikSepoMko viSaya karanevAle zabdanaya bhI bhAvaviSayaka zabdanayasApekSa honese pramANa ho jAyeMge / vAstavika bAta to yaha hai ki nayavAkyameM 'syAt' pada pratipakSI nayake viSayako sApekSatA hI upasthita karatA hai, na ki anya ananta dharmoMkA parAmarza karatA hai| yadi aisA na ho to anekAntameM samyagekAntakA antarbhAva hI nahIM ho skegaa| samyagekAnta arthAt pratipakSI dharmakI apekSA rakhanevAlA ekAnta / isalie 'syAt' isa avyayako anekAntakA dyotaka mAnA hai na ki anantadharmakA parAmarza krnevaalaa| ataH pramANavAkyameM 'syAt' pada ananta dharmakA parAmarza karatA hai aura nayavAkyameM pratipakSI dharmakI apekSAkA dyotana karatA hai|" pramANameM tat aura atat donoM gRhIta hote haiM aura 'syAt' padase usa anekAnta

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384 jainadarzana arthakA dyotana hotA hai| nayameM eka dharmakA mukhyabhAvase grahaNa hokara bhI zeSa dharmoMkA nirAkaraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| unakA sadbhAva gauNarUpase svIkRta rahatA hai jaba ki durnayameM anya dharmoMkA nirAkaraNa kara diyA jAtA hai / nayavAkyameM 'syAt' pada pratipakSI zeSa dharmoMke astitvakI rakSA karatA hai| durnayameM apane dharmakA avadhAraNa hokara anyakA nirAkaraNa hI ho jAtA hai| anekAntameM jo samyagekAnta samAtA hai vaha dharmAntarasApekSa dharmakA grAhaka hI to hotA hai| yaha maiM batA cukA hU~ ki Ajase tIna hajAra varSa pUrva tathA isase bhI pahale bhAratake manISI vizva aura tadantargata pratyeka padArthake svarUpakA 'sat; asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya, eka aneka ubhaya aura anubhaya' Adi cAra koTiyoMmeM vibhAjita kara varNana karate the| jijJAsu bhI apane praznako inhIM cAra koTiyoMmeM pUchatA thaa| ma0 buddhase jaba tattvake sambandhameM vizeSataH AtmAke sambandhameM prazna kiye gaye, to unane use avyAkRta khaa| saMjaya ina praznoMke sambandhameM apanA ajJAna hI prakaTa karatA thaa| kintu bha0 mahAvIrane apane saptabhaMgInyAyase ina cAra koTiyoMkA hI vaijJAnika samAdhAna nahIM kiyA, apitu adhika-se-adhika saMbhavita sAta koTiyoM takakA uttara diyaa| ye uttara hI saptabhaMgI yA syAdvAda haiM / saMjayake vikSepavAdase syAdvAda nahIM nikalA' : mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana tathA itaH pUrva DaoN0 harbana jaikobI Adine syAdvAda yA saptabhaMgakI utpattiko saMjayavelaliputtake matase batAnekA prayatna kiyA hai| rAhulajIne darzanadigdarzanameM likhA hai ki-"Adhunika jainadarzanakA AdhAra syAdvAda hai / jo mAlUma hotA hai saMjayavelaTThiputtake cAra aMgavAle anekAntavAdako lekara use sAta aMgavAlA kiyA gayA hai| saMjaya tattvoM ( paraloka, devatA ) ke bAremeM kucha bhI nizcayAtmaka rUpase kahanese inakAra karate hue usa inakArako cAra prakAra kahA hai- 1 'hai ?' nahIM kaha sktaa| 2 nahIM hai ?' nahIM kaha sktaa| 3 'hai bhI aura nahIM bhI nahIM kaha sktaa| 4 'na hai aura na nahIM hai ?' nahIM kaha sakatA / isakI tulanA kIjie jainoMke sAta prakArake syAdvAda se 1 'hai ?' ho sakatA hai ( syAdasti ), 2 'nahIM hai ?' nahIM bhI ho sakatA hai ( syAnnAsti ), 3 'hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ?' hai bhI aura nahIM bhI ho sakatA ( syAdasti ca nAsti ca ) / 1. dekho, nyAyavinizcaya vivaraNa prathama bhAgakI prastAvanA /

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syAdvAda 385 ukta tInoM uttara kyA kahe jA sakate haiM ( -vaktavya haiM ) ? isakA uttara jaina 'nahIM' meM dete haiM 4 syAt ( ho sakatA hai ) kyA yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ? nahIM, syAd a-vaktavya hai| 5 'syAdasti' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, syAdasti avaktavya hai / 6 'syAnnAsti' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, 'syAt nAsti' avaktavya hai / 7 'syAdasti ca nAsti ca' kyA yaha vaktavya hai ? nahIM, 'syAdasti ca nAsti ca' a-vaktavya hai| donoMke milAnese mAlUma hogA ki jainoMne saMjayake pahale vAle tIna vAkyoM ( prazna aura uttara donoM) ko alaga karake apane syAdvAdakI chaha bhaMgiyA~ banAyI haiM aura usake cauthe vAkya 'na haiM aura na nahIM hai' ko jor3akara syAtsadasat bhI avaktavya hai yaha sAtavA~ bhaMga taiyAra kara apanI saptabhaMgI pUrI kii|.........."is prakAra eka bhI siddhAnta (-syAt ) kI sthApanA na karanA jo ki saMjayakA vAda thA, usIko saMjayake anuyAyiyoMke lupta ho jAnepara jainoMne apanA liyA aura usake caturbhaGgI nyAyako saptabhaMgImeM pariNata kara diyaa|" -darzanadigdarzana pR0 496 / rAhulajIne ukta sandarbhameM saptabhaMgI aura syAdvAdake rahasyako na samajhakara kevala zabdasAmya dekhakara eka naye matakI sRSTi kI hai| yaha to aisA hI hai / jaise ki corase jaja yaha pUche ki-'kyA tumane yaha kArya kiyA hai ?' cora kahe ki 'isase Apako kyA ?' yA 'maiM jAnatA hoU~, to kahU~ ?' phira jaja anya pramANoMse yaha siddha kara de ki 'corane yaha kArya kiyA hai' taba zabdasAmya dekhakara yaha kahanA ki jajakA phaisalA corake bayAnase nikalA hai| 'saMjayavelaTThiputtake darzanakA vivecana svayaM rAhulajIne ( darzanadigdarzana pR0 491 meM ) ina zabdoMmeM kiyA hai-"yadi Apa pUche-'kyA paraloka hai ?' to yadi maiM samajhatA hoU~ ki paraloka hai to Apako batalAU~ ki paraloka hai| maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, dUsarI tarahase bhI nahIM khtaa| maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM hai, maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki vaha nahIM nahIM hai| paraloka nahIM hai, paraloka nahIM nahIM hai, paraloka hai bhI aura nahIM bhI hai, paraloka na hai aura na nahIM hai|" 1. isake matakA vistRta varNana dIghanikAya sAmaJaphalasuttameM hai| yaha vikSepavAdI thaa| 'amarAvikSepavAda' rUpase bhI isakA mata prasiddha thaa| 25

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386. jainadarzana saMjayake paraloka, devatA, karmaphala aura muktike sambandhake ye vicAra zatapratizata ajJAna yA anizcayavAdake haiN| vaha spaSTa kahatA hai ki "yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~, to btaauuN|" vaha saMzayAlu nahIM, ghora anizcayavAdI thaa| isaliye usakA darzana bakaula rAhulajIke "mAnavakI sahajabuddhiko bhramameM nahIM DAlanA cAhatA aura na kucha nizcaya kara bhrAnta dhAraNAoMkI puSTi hI karanA cAhatA hai|" vaha AjJAnika thaa| buddha aura saMjaya : ma0 buddhane 1. loka nitya hai, 2. anitya hai, 3. nitya-anitya hai, 4. na nitya na anitya hai, 5. loka antavAn hai, 6. nahIM hai, 7. hai nahIM hai, 8. na hai na nahIM hai, 9. maraneke bAda tathAgata hote haiM, 10. nahIM hote, 11. hote haiM nahIM hote, 12. na hote haiM na nahIM hote, 13. jIva zarIrase bhinna hai, 14. jIva zarIrase bhinna nahIM hai|' ( mAdhyamikavRtti pR0 446 ) ina caudaha vastuoMko avyAkRta kahA hai| majjhimanikAya ( 2 / 23 ) meM inakI saMkhyA dasa hai| inameM Adike do praznoMmeM tIsarA aura cauthA vikalpa nahIM ginAyA hai / 'inake avyAkRta honekA kAraNa buddhane batAyA hai ki inake bAre meM kahanA sArthaka nahIM, bhikSucaryAke liye upayogI nahIM, na yaha nirveda, nirodha, zAnti, paramajJAna yA nirvANake liye Avazyaka hai|' tAtparya yaha ki buddhakI dRSTimeM inakA jAnanA mumukSuke liye Avazyaka nahIM thaa| dUsare zabdoMmeM buddha bhI saMjayakI taraha inake bAremeM kucha kahakara mAnavakI sahaja buddhiko bhramameM nahIM DAlanA cAhate the aura na bhrAntadhAraNAoMkI sRSTi hI karanA cAhate the| hA~, saMjaya jaba apanI ajJAnatA aura anizcaya ko sApha-sApha zabdoMmeM kaha detA hai ki 'yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~ to batAU~, taba buddha apane jAnane na jAnanekA ullekha na karake usa rahasyako ziSyoMke liye anupayogI batAkara apanA pIchA chur3A lete haiN| Aja taka yaha prazna tArkikoMke sAmane jyoM-kA-tyoM hai ki buddhakI avyAkRtatA aura saMjayake anizcayavAdameM kyA aMtara hai, khAsakara cittakI nirNayabhUmimeM ? sivAya isake ki saMjaya phakkar3akI taraha pallA jhAr3akara kharI-kharI bAta kaha detA hai aura buddha kuzala bar3e AdamiyoMkI zAlInatAkA nirvAha karate haiN| buddha aura saMjaya hI kyA, usa samayake vAtAvaraNameM AtmA, loka, paraloka aura muktike svarUpake sambandhameM sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya yo avaktavya ye cAra koTiyA~ gUMjatI thiiN| jisa prakAra AjakA rAjanaitika prazna 'majadUra aura mAlika, zoSya aura zoSakake' dvandvakI chAyAmeM hI sAmane AtA hai, usI prakAra

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syAdvAda 387 usa samayake AtmAdi atIndriya padArthaviSayaka prazna catuSkoTimeM hI pUche jAte the| veda aura upaniSadeM isa catuSkoTike darzana barAbara hote haiM / 'yaha vizva satse huA yA asatse ? yaha sat hai yA asat yA ubhaya yA anirvacanIya' ye prazna jaba sahasroM varSase pracalita rahe haiM taba rAhulajIkA syAdvAdake viSayameM yaha phatavA de denA ki 'saMjayake praznoMke zabdoMse yA usakI caturbhaGgIko tor3a-maror3akara saptabhaMgI banI'-kahA~ taka ucita hai, isakA ve svayaM vicAra kreN| buddha ke samakAlIna jo anya pA~ca tIthika the, unameM niggaMTha nAthaputta vardhamAnamahAvIrakI sarvajJa aura sarvadarzIke rUpameM prasiddhi thii| 've sarvajJa aura sarvadarzI the, yA nahIM' yaha isa samayakI caracAkA viSaya nahIM hai, para ve viziSTa tattvavicAraka avazya the aura kisI bhI praznako saMjayakI taraha anizcaya yA vikSepa koTimeM aura buddhakI taraha avyAkRta koTimeM DAlanevAle nahIM the, aura na ziSyoMkI sahaja jijJAsAko anupayogitAke bhayaprada cakkarameM DubA denA cAhate the| unakA vizvAsa thA ki saMghake paMcamela vyakti jaba taka vastutattvakA ThIka nirNaya nahIM kara lete, taba taka unameM bauddhika dRr3hatA aura mAnasabala nahIM A sktaa| ve sadA apane samAnazIla anya saMghake bhikSuoMke sAmane apanI bauddhika dInatAke kAraNa hataprabha raheMge aura isakA asara unake jIvana aura AcArapara Aye binA nahIM rhegaa| ve apane ziSyoMko pardebanda padminiyoMkI taraha jagatke svarUpa-vicArakI bAhya havAse aparicita nahIM rakhanA cAhate the| kintu cAhate the ki pratyeka mAnava apanI sahaja jijJAsA aura manana zaktiko vastuke yathArtha svarUpake vicArakI ora lagAve / na unheM buddhakI taraha yaha bhaya vyApta thA ki yadi AtmAke sambandhameM 'hA~' kahate haiM to zAzvatavAda arthAt upaniSadvAdiyoMkI taraha loga nityatvakI ora jhuka jAya~ge aura 'nahIM hai' kahanese ucchedavAda arthAt cArvAkakI taraha nAstikatAkA prasaMga upasthita hogA, ataH isa praznako avyAkRta rakhanA hI zreSTha hai| ve cAhate the ki maujUdA tarkoM aura saMzayoMkA samAdhAna vastusthitike AdhArase honA hI caahiye| ataH unhoMne vastusvarUpakA anubhava kara batAyA ki jagatkA pratyeka sat ananta dharmAtmaka hai aura pratikSaNa pariNAmI hai| hamArA jJAnalava (dRSTi use eka-eka aMzase jAnakara bhI apane meM pUrNatAkA mithyAbhimAna kara baiThatA hai| ataH hameM sAvadhAnIse vastuke virAT anekAntAtmaka svarUpakA vicAra karanA caahiye| anekAnta dRSTise tattvakA vicAra karanepara na to zAzvatavAdakA bhaya hai aura na ucchedvaadkaa| paryAyakI dRSTi se AtmA ucchinna hokara bhI apanI anAdyanta dhArAkI dRSTise avicchinna hai, zAzvata hai| isI dRSTise hama lokake zAzvataazAzvata Adi praznoMko bhI dekheN|

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388 jainadarzana (1) kyA loka zAzvata hai ? hA~, loka zAzvata hai-dravyoMkI saMkhyAkI dRSTise / isameM jitane sat anAdise haiM, unameMse eka bhI sat kama nahIM ho sakatA aura na usameM kisI naye 'sat' kI vRddhi hI ho sakatI hai, na eka sat dUsaremeM vilIna hI ho sakatA hai / kabhI bhI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA, jaba isake aMgabhUta eka bhI dravyakA lopa ho jAya yA saba samApta ho jAya / nirvANa avasthAmeM bhI AtmAkI nirAsrava cit-santati apane zuddharUpameM barAbara cAlU rahatI hai, dIpakI taraha bujha nahIM jAtI, yAnI samUla samApta nahIM ho jaatii|| (2) kyA loka azAzvata hai ? hA~, loka azAzvata hai dravyoMke pratikSaNabhAvI pariNamanoMkI dRSTise / pratyeka sat pratikSaNa apane utpAda, vinAza aura dhrauvyAtmaka pariNAmI svabhAvake kAraNa sadRza yA visadRza pariNamana karatA rahatA hai| koI bhI paryAya do kSaNa nahIM tthhrtii| jo hameM aneka kSaNa ThaharanevAlA pariNamana dikhAI detA hai vaha pratikSaNabhAvI aneka sadRza pariNamanoMkA avalokana mAtra hai| isa taraha satata parivartanazIla saMyoga-viyogoMkI dRSTise vicAra kIjie, to loka azAzvata hai, anitya hai, pratikSaNa parivartita hai|| (3 ) kyA loka zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM rUpa hai ? hA~, kramazaH upayukta donoM dRSTiyoMse vicAra karane para loka zAzvata bhI hai ( dravyadRSTise ) aura azAzvata bhI hai ( paryAyadRSTise ), donoM dRSTikoNoMko kramazaH prayukta karanepara aura una donoMpara sthUla dRSTise vicAra karanepara jagat ubhayarUpa bhI pratibhAsita hotA hai| (4) kyA loka zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM rUpa nahIM hai ? Akhira usakA pUrNa rUpa kyA hai ? hA~, lokakA pUrNa rUpa vacanoMke agocara hai, avaktavya hai| koI aisA zabda nahIM, jo eka sAtha lokake zAzvata aura azAzvata donoM svarUpoMko tathA usameM vidyamAna anya ananta dharmoko yugapat kaha ske| ataH zabdakI asAmarthya ke kAraNa jagatkA pUrNa rUpa avaktavya hai, anubhaya hai, vacanAtIta hai| __isa nirUpaNameM Apa dekheMge ki vastukA pUrNarUpa vacanoMke agocara hai, avaktavya hai| cauthA uttara vastuke pUrNa rUpako yugapat na kaha sakanekI dRSTi se hai para vahI jagat zAzvata kahA jAtA hai dravyadRSTise aura azAzvata kahA jAtA hai pryaaydRssttise| isa taraha mUlataH cauthA, pahalA aura dUsarA ye tIna prazna maulika haiN| tIsarA ubhayarUpatAkA prazna to prathama aura dvitIyakA saMyogarUpa hai| aba Apa vicAreM ki jaba saMjayane lokake zAzvata aura azAzvata Adike bAremeM spaSTa kahA hai ki 'yadi maiM jAnatA hoU~, to batAU~' aura buddhane kaha diyA ki 'inake cakkarameM na par3o, inakA jAnanA upayogI nahIM hai, ye avyAkRta haiM' taba mahAvIrane una praznoMkA

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syAdvAda , 389 vastusthitike anusAra yathArtha uttara diyA aura ziSyoMkI jijJAsAkA samAdhAna kara unako bauddhika dInatAse trANa diyA / ina praznoMkA svarUpa isa prakAra haiprazna saMjaya . mahAvIra 1. kyA loka maiM jAnatA -- inakA jAnanA hA~, loka dravyadRSTisezAzvata hoU~, to anupayogI hai, zAzvata hai / isake batAU~ ? ( avyAkaraNIya, kisI bhI satkA ( anizcaya, akathanIya ) sarvathA nAza nahIM ho ajJAna) sakatA, na kisI asatse naye satkA utpAda hI saMbhava hai| 2. kyA loka hA~, loka apane pratiazAzvata kSaNabhAvI pariNamanoMkI dRSTise azAzvata hai| koI bhI paryAya do kSaNa ThaharanevAlI nahIM hai| 3. kyA loka hA~, loka donoM dRSTiyoMzAzvata se kramazaH vicAra karane aura para zAzvata bhI hai aura azAzvata hai ? azAzvata bhI hai| 4. kyA loka maiM jAnatA avyAkRta hA~, aisA koI zabda donoMrUpa . hoU~, to nahIM, jo lokake parinahIM hai; . batAU~ pUrNa svarUpako eka sAtha anubhaya (ajJAna, anizcaya) samagrabhAvase kaha sake, ataH pUrNa rUpase vastu anubhaya hai, avaktavya hai| saMjaya aura buddha jina praznoMkA samAdhAna nahIM karate, unheM anizcaya yA avyAkRta kahakara unase piMDa chur3A lete haiM; mahAvIra unhIMkA vAstavika aura yuktisaMgata' samAdhAna karate haiM / isa para bhI rAhulajI yaha kahanekA sAhasa karate haiM ki 'saMjayake anuyAyiyoMke lupta ho jAne para saMjayake vAdako hI jainiyoMne apanA 1. buddhake avyAkRta praznoMkA pUrA samAdhAna tathA unake Agamika avataraNoMke liye dekho, jainatarkavArtikako prastAvanA pR0 14-24 /

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jainadarzana liyaa|' yaha to aisA hI hai, jaise koI kahe ki 'bhAratameM rahI parataMtratAko parataMtratA-vidhAyaka aMgrejoMke cale jAne para bhAratIyoMne use aparataMtratA (svataMtratA) ke rUpameM apanA liyA; kyoMki aparataMtratAmeM bhI 'pa ra ta ntra tA' ye pA~ca akSara to maujUda haiM hii|' yA 'hiMsAko hI buddha aura mahAvIrane usake anuyAyiyoMke lusa hone para 'ahiMsAke rUpase apanA liyA hai; kyoMki ahiMsAmeM bhI 'hiM sA' ye do akSara haiM hii|' jitanA paratantratAkA aparatantratAse aura hiMsA kA ahiMsAse bheda hai utanA hI saMjayake anizcaya yA ajJAnavAdase syAdvAdakA antara hai| ye to tIna aura chaha (36) kI taraha paraspara vimukha haiN| syAdvAda saMjayake ajJAna aura anizcayakA hI to uccheda karatA hai| sAtha-hI-sAtha tattvameM jo viparyaya aura saMzaya haiM unakA bhI samUla nAza kara detA hai| yaha dekhakara to aura bhI Azcarya hotA hai ki Apa ( pR0 484 meM ) anizcitatAvAdiyoMkI sUcImeM saMjaya ke sAtha niggaMThanAthaputta ( mahAvIra ) kA nAma bhI likha jAte haiM tathA ( pR0 491 meM ) saMjayako anekAntavAdI bhii| kyA ise dharmakItike zabdoMmeM 'dhig vyApakaM tamaH' nahIM kaha sakate ? 'syAt' kA artha zAyada, saMbhava yA kadAcit nahIM : 'syAt' zabdake prayogase sAdhAraNatayA logoMko saMzaya, anizcaya aura saMbhAvanAkA bhrama hotA hai / para yaha to bhASAkI purAnI zailI hai usa prasaMgako, jahA~ eka vAdakA sthApana nahIM kiyA jAtA / ekAdhika bheda yA vikalpakI sUcanA jahA~ karanI hotI hai vahA~ 'siyA' ( syAt ) padakA prayoga bhASAkI viziSTa zailIkA eka rUpa rahA hai jaisA ki majjhimanikAyake mahArAhulovAdasuttake avataraNase' vidita hotA hai| isameM tejodhAtuke donoM sunizcita bhedoMkI sUcanA 'siyA' zabda detA hai, na ki una bhedoMkA anizcaya, saMzaya yA sambhAvanA vyakta karatA hai / isI taraha 'syAdasti' ke sAtha lagA huA 'syAt' zabda 'asti' kI sthitiko nizcita apekSAse dRr3ha to karatA hI hai, sAtha-hI-sAtha astise bhinna aura bhI aneka dharma vastameM haiM, para ve vivakSita na honese isa samaya gauNa haiM, isa sApekSa sthitiko bhI batAtA hai| rAhalajIne 'darzanadigdarzana' meM saptabhaMgIke pAMcaveM, chaThe aura sAtaveM bhaMgako jisa azobhana tarIkese tor3A-maror3A hai vaha unakI apanI nirI kalpanA aura sAhasa hai| jaba ve darzanako vyApaka, naI aura vaijJAnika dRSTise dekhanA cAhate haiM to kisI bhI darzanakI samIkSA usake ThIka svarUpako samajhakara karanI cAhiye / ve 'avaktavya' 1. dekho, pR0 53 /

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syAdvAda nAmaka dhamakA, jo ki 'asti' Adike sAtha svatantra bhAvase dvisaMyogI huA hai, tor3akara a-vaktavya karake usakA saMjayake 'nahIM' ke sAtha mela baiThA dete haiM aura 'saMjayake ghora anizcayavAdako hI anekAntavAda kaha DAlate haiM ! kimAzcamaryamataH param !! DaoN0 sampUrNAnandakA mata : ___ DaoN0 sampUrNAnandajI 'jainadharma' pustakakI prastAvanA ( pR0 3 ) meM anekAntavAdako grAhyatA svIkAra karake bhI saptabhaMgI nyAyako bAlakI khAla nikAlaneke samAna AvazyakatAse adhika bArIkImeM jAnA samajhate haiN| para saptabhaMgIko Ajase ar3hAI hajAra varSa pahaleke vAtAvaraNameM dekhanepara ve svayaM use samayakI mAMga kahe binA nahIM raha sakate / usa samaya AbAla-gopAla pratyeka praznako sahaja hI 'sat, asat, ubhaya aura anubhaya' isa cAra koTiyoMmeM gUMthakara hI upasthita karate the aura usa samayake AcArya uttara bhI usa catuSkoTikA 'hA~' yA 'nA' meM dete the| tIrthaMkara mahAvIrane mUla tIna bhaMgoMke gaNitake niyamAnusAra adhika-se-adhika anuparukta sAta bhaMga banAkara kahA ki vastu anekAntAtmaka hai-usameM cAra vikalpa bhI barAbara sambhava haiM / 'avaktavya, sat aura asat ina tIna mUladharmoke sAta bhaMga hI ho sakate haiM / ina saba sambhava praznoMkA samAdhAna karanA hI saptabhaMgIkA prayojana hai / yaha to jaise-ko-taisA uttara hai| arthAt cAra prazna to kyA sAta praznoMkI bhI kalpanA karake eka-eka dharmaviSayaka saptabhaMgI banAI jA sakatI hai aura aise ananta saptabhaMga vastuke virAT svarUpameM saMbhava haiM / yaha saba nirUpaNa vastusthitike AdhArase kiyA jAtA hai, kevala kalpanAse nhiiN| jainadarzanane darzanazabdakI kAlpanika bhUmise Upara uThakara vastusImApara khar3e hokara jagatmeM vastusthitike AdhArase saMvAda, samIkaraNa aura yathArtha tattvajJAnako anekAnta-dRSTi aura syAdvAda-bhASA dii| jinakI upAsanAse vizva apane vAstavika svarUpako samajha nirarthaka vAdavivAdase bacakara saMvAdI bana sakatA hai / 1. jaina kathAgranthoMmeM mahAvIrake bAlajIvanakI eka ghaTanAkA varNana milatA hai ki saMjaya aura vijaya nAmake do sAdhuoMkA saMzaya mahAvIrako dekhate hI naSTa ho gayA thA, isIlie inakA nAma 'sanmati' rakhA gayA thaa| sambhava hai, ye saMjaya, saMjayavelaTThiputta hI hoM aura inhIMke saMzaya yA anizcayakA nAza mahAvIrake saptabhaMgInyAyase huA ho| yahA~ 'velaTThiputta' vizeSaNa apabhraSTa hokara vijaya nAma kA dUsarA sAdhu bana gayA hai|

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392 jainadarzana zaGkarAcArya aura syAdvAda : ____ bAdarAyaNane brahmasUtrameM sAmAnyarUpase 'anekAnta' tattvameM dUSaNa diyA hai ki eka vastumeM anekadharma nahIM ho sakate / zrIzaGkarAcAryajI apane bhASyameM ise vivasanasamaya ( digambara siddhAnta ) likhakara isake saptabhaMgI nayameM sUtranirdiSTa virodhake sivAya saMzaya doSa bhI dete haiN| ve likhate haiM ki "eka vastumeM parasparavirodhI aneka dharma nahIM ho sakate, jaise ki eka hI vastu zIta aura uSNa nahIM ho sktii| jo sAta padArtha yA paMcAstikAya batAye haiM, unakA varNana jisa rUpameM hai, ve usa rUpameM bhI hoMge aura anya rUpameM bhii| yAnI eka bhI rUpase unakA nizcaya nahIM honese saMzayadUSaNa AtA hai / pramAtA, pramiti Adike svarUpameM bhI isI taraha nizcayAtmakatA na honese tIrthaMkara kise upadeza deMge aura zrotA kaise pravRtti kareMge? pA~ca astikAyoMkI 'pA~ca saMkhyA' hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, yaha to bar3I vicitra bAta hai| 'eka tarapha avaktavya bhI kahate haiM, phira use avaktavya zabdase kahate bhI jAte haiN|' yaha to spaSTa virodha hai ki-'svarga aura mokSa hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhii|' tAtparya yaha ki eka vastumeM paraspara virodhI do dharmoMkA honA sambhava hI nahIM hai / ataH ArhatamatakA 'syAdvAda' siddhAnta asaMgata hai|' hama pahale likha Aye haiM ki 'syAt' zabda jisa dharmake sAtha lagatA hai usakI sthiti kamajora nahIM karake vastumeM rahanevAle tatpratipakSI dharmakI sUcanA detA hai| vastu anekAntarUpa hai, yaha samajhanekI bAta nahIM hai| usameM sAdhAraNa, asAdhAraNa aura sAdhAraNAsAdhAraNa Adi aneka dharma pAye jAte haiN| eka hI padArtha apekSAbhedase parasparavirodhI aneka dharmoMkA AdhAra hotA hai| eka hI devadatta apekSAbhedase pitA bhI hai, putra bhI hai, guru bhI hai, ziSya bhI hai, zAsaka bhI hai, zAsya bhI hai, jyeSTha bhI hai, kaniSTha bhI hai, dUra bhI hai, aura pAsa bhI hai| isa taraha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva Adi vibhinna apekSAoMse usameM ananta dharma sambhava haiM / kevala yaha kaha denese ki 'jo pitA hai vaha putra kaisA ? jo guru hai vaha ziSya kaisA ? jo jyeSTha hai vaha kaniSTha kaisA ? jo dUra hai vaha pAsa kaisA, pratItisiddha svarUpakA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| eka hI mecakaratna apane aneka raMgoMkI apekSA aneka hai| citrajJAna eka hokara bhI aneka AkAravAlA prasiddha hI hai| eka hI strI apekSAbhedase mAtA bhI hai aura patnI bhii| eka hI pRthivItvasAmAnya pRthivIvyaktiyoMmeM anugata honeke kAraNa sAmAnya hokara bhI jalAdise vyAvRtti karAtA hai| ataH vizeSa bhI hai| isIliye isako sAmAnyavizeSa yA aparasAmAnya kahate haiN| svayaM 1. naikasminnasaMbhavAt / ' -brahmasU0 2 / 2 / 33 / 2. zAMkarabhASya 2 / 2 / 33 /

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syAdvAda 393 saMzayajJAna eka hokara bhI 'saMzaya aura nizcaya' ina do AkAroMko dhAraNa karatA hai| 'saMzaya paraspara virodhI do AkAroMvAlA hai' yaha bAta to sunizcita hai, isameM to koI sandeha nahIM hai / eka hI narasiMha eka bhAgase nara hokara bhI dvitIya bhAgakI apekSA siMha hai / eka hI dhUpadahanI agnise saMyukta bhAgameM uSNa hokara bhI pakar3anevAle bhAgameM ThaMDI hai / hamArA samasta jIvana-vyavahAra hI sApekSa dharmose calatA hai / koI pitA apane beTese 'beTA' kahe aura vaha beTA, jo apane lar3akekA bApa hai, apane pitAse isaliye jhagar3a par3e ki 'vaha use beTA kyoM kahatA hai ?' to hama usa beTeko hI pAgala kaheMge, bApako nhiiN| ataH jaba ye parasparavirodhI anantadharma vastuke virATarUpameM samAye hue haiM, usake astitvake AdhAra haiM, taba virodha kaisA ? sAta tattvakA jo svarUpa hai, usa svarUpase hI to unakA astitva hai, bhinna svarUpase unakA nAstitva hI hai| yadi jisa rUpase astitva kahA jAtA hai usI rUpase nAstitva kahA jAtA, to virodha yA asaMgati hotI / strI jisakI patnI hai, yadi usIkI mAtA kahI jAya, to hI lar3AI ho sakatI hai| brahmakA jo svarUpa nitya, eka aura vyApaka batAyA jAtA hai usI rUpase to brahmakA astitva mAnA jA sakatA hai, anitya, avyApaka aura anekake rUpase to nhiiN| hama pUchate haiM ki jisa prakAra brahma nityAdirUpase asti hai, kyA usI taraha anityAdirUpase bhI usakA astitva hai kyA ? yadi hA~, to Apa svayaM dekhiye, brahmakA svarUpa kisI anunmatta ke samajhane lAyaka raha jAtA hai kyA ? yadi nahIM; to brahma jisa prakAra nityAdirUpase 'sat' aura anityAdirUpase 'asat' hai, aura isa taraha anekadharmAtmaka siddha hotA hai usI taraha jagatke samasta padArtha isa trikAlAbAdhita svarUpase vyApta haiN| pramAtA aura pramiti Adike jo svarUpa haiM, unakI dRSTise hI to unakA astitva hogA, anya svarUpoMse kaise ho sakatA hai ? anyathA svarUpasAMkarya honese jagatkI vyavasthAkA lopa hI prApta hotA hai / 'paMcAstikAyakI pAMca saMkhyA hai, cAra yA tIna nahIM', isameM kyA virodha hai ? yadi kahA jAtA ki 'paMcAstikAya pA~ca haiM aura pA~ca nahIM haiM' to virodha hotA, para apekSAbhedase to paMcAstikAya pA~ca haiM, cAra Adi nahIM haiN| phira pA~coM astikAya astikAyatvena eka hokara bhI tattadvyaktiyoMkI dRSTise pA~ca bhI haiN| sAmAnyase eka bhI haiM aura vizeSa rUpase pA~ca bhI haiM, isameM kyA virodha hai ? svarga aura mokSa apane svarUpakI dRSTise 'haiM', narakAdikI dRSTise 'nahIM'; isameM kyA Apatti hai ? 'svarga svarga hai, naraka to nahIM hai', yaha to Apa bhI mAneMge / 'mokSa mokSa hI to hogA, saMsAra to nahIM hogaa|'

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394 jainadarzane avaktavya bhI eka dharma hai, jo vastuke pUrNarUpakI apekSAse hai| koI aisA zabda nahIM, jo vastuke anekadharmAtmaka akhaMDa rUpakA varNana kara ske| ataH vaha avaktavya hokara bhI tattaddharmokI apekSA vaktavya hai aura usa avaktavya dharmako bhI isIliye 'avaktavya' zabdase kahate bhI haiM / 'syAt' pada isIliye pratyeka vAkyake sAtha lagakara vaktA aura zrotA donoMkI vastuke virAT svarUpa aura vivakSA yA apekSAkI yAda dilAtA rahatA hai, jisase loga sarasarI taurapara vastuke svarUpake sAtha khilavAr3a na kreN| 'pratyeka vastu apane svarUpase hai, apane kSetrameM hai, apane kAlase hai aura apanI guNaparyAyoMse hai, bhinna rUpoMse nahIM hai' yaha eka sIdhI-sAdhI bAta hai, jise AbAla-gopAla sabhI sahaja hI samajha sakate haiM / yadi eka hI apekSAse do virodhI dharma batAye jAte, to virodha ho sakatA thaa| eka hI devadatta jaba javAnImeM apane bAla-caritoMkA smaraNa karatA hai to manameM lajjita hotA hai, para vartamAna sadAcArase prasanna hotA hai| yadi devadatta kI bAlapana aura javAnI do avasthAe~ nahIM huI hotI aura donoM avasthAoMmeM devadattakA anvaya na hotA, to use bacapanakA smaraNa kaise AtA ? aura kyoM vaha usa bAlacaritako apanA mAnakara lajjita hotA ? isase devadatta Atmatvena eka aura nitya hokara bhI apanI avasthAoMkI dRSTise aneka aura anitya bhI hai| yaha saba rassImeM sA~pakI taraha kevala prAtibhAsika nahIM hai, kintu paramArthasat hai, Thosa satya hai| jaba vastukA svarUpase 'asti' rUpa bhI nizcita hai, aura pararUpase 'nAsti' rUpa bhI nizcita hai taba saMzaya kaise ho sakatA hai ? saMzaya to, donoM koTiyoMke anizcayakI dazAmeM jJAna jaba donoM ora jhUlatA hai, taba hotA hai| ataH na to anekAntasvarUpameM virodha hI ho sakatA hai aura na saMzaya hii| ___ zve. upaniSadke "aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn" ( 3 / 20 ) "kSaramakSaraM ca vyaktAvyaktaM" ( 118) Adi vAkyoMkI saMgati bhI to Akhira apekSAbhedake binA nahIM baiThAI jA sktii| svayaM zaMkarAcAryajIke dvArA samanvayAdhikaraNameM jina zrutiyoMkA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai, vaha bhI to apekSAbhedase hI sambhava ho sakA hai| ___ sva0 mahAmahopAdhyAya DaoN0 gaMgAnAtha jhAne isa sambandhameM apanI vicArapUrNa sammatimeM likhA thA ki "jabase maiMne zaMkarAcArya dvArA jaina siddhAntakA khaMDana par3hA hai, tabase mujhe vizvAsa huA hai ki isa siddhAntameM bahuta kucha hai jise vedAntake AcAryoMne nahIM smjhaa|"

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syAdvAda 395 hindU vizvavidyAlayake darzanazAstrake bhUtapUrva pradhAnAdhyakSa sva0 pro0 phaNibhUSaNa adhikArIne to aura bhI spaSTa likhA thA ki 'jainadharmake syAdvAda siddhAntako jitanA galata samajhA gayA hai utanA kisI anya siddhAntako nhiiN| yahA~ taka ki zaMkarAcArya bhI isa doSase mukta nahIM haiN| unhoMne bhI isa siddhAntake prati anyAya kiyA hai, yaha bAta alpajJa puruSoMke lie kSamya ho sakatI thii| kintu yadi mujhe kahanekA adhikAra hai to maiM bhAratake isa mahAn vidvAnke lie to akSamya hI khuuNgaa| yadyapi maiM isa maharSiko atIva AdarakI dRSTise dekhatA huuN| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unhoMne isa dharmake mUla granthoMke adhyayanakI paravAha nahIM kii|" anekAnta bhI anekAnta hai : . anekAnta bhI pramANa aura nayako dRSTise anekAnta arthAta kathaJcita anekAnta aura kaJcit ekAntarUpa hai| vaha pramANakA viSaya honese anekAntarUpa hai| anekAnta do prakArakA-samyaganekAnta aura mithyA anekAnta / parasparasApekSa aneka dharmoMkA sakala bhAvase grahaNa karanA samyaganekAnta hai aura paraspara nirapekSa aneka dharmokA grahaNa mithyA anekAnta hai| anyasApekSa eka dharmakA grahaNa samyagekAnta hai tathA anya dharmakA niSedha karake ekakA avadhAraNa karanA mithyaikAnta hai| vastumeM samyagekAnta aura samyaganekAnta hI mila sakate haiM, mithyA anekAnta aura mithryakAnta jo pramANAbhAsa aura durnayake viSaya par3ate haiM nahIM, ve kevala buddhigata hI haiM, vaisI vastu bAhyameM sthita nahIM hai| ataH ekAntakA niSedha buddhikalpita ekAntakA hI kiyA jAtA hai| vastumeM jo eka dharma hai vaha svabhAvataH parasApekSa hone ke kAraNa samyagekAnta rUpa hotA hai / tAtparya yaha ki anekAnta arthAt sakalAdezakA viSaya pramANAdhIna hotA hai, aura vaha ekAntakI arthAt nayAdhIna vikalAdezake viSayakI apekSA rakhatA hai| yahI bAta svAmI samantabhadrane apane bRhatsvayaMbhUstotrameM kahI hai "anekAnto'pyanekAntaH pramANa-nayasAdhanaH / anekAntaH pramANAtte tadekAnto'pitAnnayAt // 102 // " arthAta pramANa aura nayakA viSaya honese anekAnta yAnI aneka dharmavAlA padArtha bhI anekAntarUpa hai| vaha jaba pramANake dvArA samagrabhAvase gRhIta hotA hai taba vaha anekAnta-anekadharmAtmaka hai aura jaba kisI vivakSita nayakA viSaya hotA hai taba ekAnta ekadharmarUpa hai, usa samaya zeSa dharma padArthameM vidyamAna rahakara bhI dRSTike sAmane nahIM hote / isa taraha padArthakI sthiti hara hAlatameM anekAntarUpa hI siddha hotI hai|

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396 jainadarzana pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAyake matako AlocanA : pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAyane apane bhAratIyadarzana ( pR0 155 ) meM syAdvAdakA artha batAte hue likhA hai ki "syAt ( zAyada, sambhavataH ) zabda as dhAtuke vidhilike rUpakA tiGanta pratirUpaka avyaya mAnA jAtA hai| ghar3eke viSayameM hamArA mata syAdasti-sambhavataH yaha vidyamAna hai' isI rUpameM honA caahie|" isaliye ve zAyada zabdako koSThakameM likhakara bhI Age 'sambhavataH' arthakA samarthana karate haiM / vaidika AcArya svAmI zaMkarAcAryane jo syAdvAdakI galata bayAnI kI hai usakA saMskAra Aja bhI kucha vidvAnoMke mastiSkapara par3A huA hai aura ve usI saMskAravaza 'syAt' kA artha 'zAyada' karanemeM nahIM cuukte| jaba yaha spaSTa rUpase avadhAraNa karake nizcayAtmaka rUpase kahA jAtA hai ki 'ghar3A apane svarUpase 'syAdasti'-hai hI, ghar3A svabhinna pararUpase 'syAnnAsti'-nahIM hI hai', taba zAyada yA saMzayako guJjAiza kahA~ hai ? 'syAt' zabda to zrotAko yaha sUcanA detA hai ki jisa 'asti' dharmakA pratipAdana ho rahA hai vaha dharma sApekSa sthitivAlA hai, amuka svacatuSTayakI apekSAse usakA sadbhAva hai / 'syAt' zabda yaha batAtA hai ki vastumeM astise bhinna anya dharma bhI sattA rakhate haiN| jaba ki saMzaya aura zAyadameM eka bhI dharma nizcita nahIM hotaa| anekAnta-siddhAntameM aneka hI dharma nizcita haiM aura unake dRSTikoNa bhI nirdhArita haiN| Azcarya hai ki apaneko taTastha mAnanevAle vidvAn Aja bhI usI saMzaya aura zAyadakI paramparAko calAye jAte haiM ! rUDhivAdakA mAhAtmya agamya hai ! ___ isI saMskAravaza upAdhyAyajI 'syAt' ke paryAyavAciyoMmeM 'zAyada' zabdako likhakara ( pR0 173 ) jainadarzanakI samIkSA karate samaya zaMkarAcAryakI vakAlata ina zabdoMmeM karate haiM-"yaha nizcita hI hai ki isI samanvaya dRSTise vaha padArthoMke vibhinna rUpoMkA samIkaraNa karatA jAtA to samagra vizvameM anusyUta parama tattva taka avazya pahu~ca jaataa| isI dRSTiko dhyAnameM rakhakara zaMkarAcAryane isa syAdvAdakA mArmika khaNDana apane zArIraka bhASya ( 2 / 2 / 33 ) meM prabala yuktiyoMke sahAre kiyA hai" para, upAdhyAyajI, jaba Apa 'syAt' kA artha nizcitarUpase 'saMzaya' nahIM mAnate, taba zaMkarAcAryake khaNDanakA mArmikatva kyA raha jAtA hai ? ___ jainadarzana syAdvAda-siddhAntake anusAra vastusthitike AdhArase samanvaya karatA hai / jo dharma vastumeM vidyamAna haiM unhIMkA to samanvaya ho sakatA hai| jainadarzanako Apane vAstava-bahutvavAdI likhA hai| aneka svatantra cetana, acetana sat-vyavahArake

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syAdvAda 397 liye sadrUpase 'eka' bhale hI kahe jAya~, para vaha kAlpanika ekatva maulika vastukI saMjJA nahIM pA sakatA / yaha kaise saMbhava hai ki cetana aura acetana donoM hI eka satke prAtibhAsika vivarta hoN| jisa kAlpanika samanvayakI ora upAdhyAyajIne saMketa kiyA hai; usa ora jaina dArzanikoMne prAraMbhase hI dRSTipAta kiyA hai| paramasaMgrahanayakI dRSTimeM sadrUpase yAvat cetana-acetana dravyoMkA saMgraha karake 'ekasat' isa zabdavyavahArake karanemeM jaina dArzanikoMko koI Apatti nahIM hai| para yaha ekatva vastusiddha bhedakA apalApa nahIM kara sktaa| saikar3oM Aropita aura kAlpanika vyavahAra hote haiM, para unase maulika tattva-vyavasthA nahIM kI jA sktii| 'eka deza yA eka rASTra' apane meM kyA vastu hai ? bhUkhaNDoMkA apanA-apanA judA astitva honepara bhI buddhigata sImAkI apekSA rASTroMkI sImAe~ banatI bigar3atI rahatI haiM / usameM vyavahArako suvidhAke liye prAnta, jilA Adi saMjJAe~ jaise kAlpanika haimAtra vyavahArasatya haiM, usI taraha eka sat yA eka brahma kAlpanika sat hokara mAtra vyavahArasatya hI bana sakatA hai aura kalpanAkI daur3akA caramabindu bhI ho sakatA hai, para usakA tattvasat yA paramArthasat honA nitAnta asaMbhava hai; Aja vijJAna eTama takakA vizleSaNa kara cukA hai / ataH itanA bar3A abheda, jisameM cetana-acetana, mUrta-amUrta Adi sabhI lIna ho jaoNya, kalpanAsAmrAjyakI carama koTi hai| aura isa kalpanAkoTiko paramArthasat na mAnaneke kAraNa jainadarzanakA syAdvAda-siddhAnta yadi Apako mUlabhUta tattvake svarUpa samajhane meM nitAnta asamartha pratIta hotA hai, to ho, para vaha vastukI sImAkA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA aura na kalpanAlokakI lambI daur3a hI lagA sakatA hai| 'syAt' zabdako upAdhyAyajI saMzayakA paryAyavAcI nahIM mAnate, yaha to prAyaH nizcita hai; kyoMki Apa svayaM likhate haiM ( pR0 173 ) ki "yaha anekAntavAda saMzayavAdakA rUpAntara nahIM hai"| para Apa use saMbhavavAda avazya kahanA cAhate haiN| parantu 'syAt'kA artha 'saMbhavataH' karanA bhI nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai; kyoMki saMbhAvanA, saMzayagata ubhayakoTiyoM se kisI ekakI ardhanizcitatAkI ora saMketamAtra hai, nizcaya usase bilakula bhinna hotA hai, syAdvAdako saMzaya aura nizcayake madhya meM saMbhAvanAvAdakI jagaha rakhanekA artha hai ki vaha eka prakArakA anadhyavasAya hI hai / parantu jaba syAdvAdakA pratyeka bhaMga spaSTa rUpase apanI sApekSa satyatAkA avadhAraNa karA rahA hai ki 'ghar3A svacatuSTayakI dRSTise 'hai hI', isa dRSTise 'nahIM' kabhI bhI nahIM haiM / paracatuSTayakI dRSTise 'nahIM hI hai', 'hai' kabhI bhI nahIM; taba saMzaya aura saMbhAvanAkI kalpanA hI nahIM kI jA sktii| 'ghaTaH syAdastyeva' isameM jo evakAra

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398 jainadarzana lagA huA hai vaha nirdiSTadharmake avadhAraNako batAtA hai| isa prakAra jaba syAdvAda sunizcita dRSTikoNoMse una-una dharmokA kharA nizcaya karA rahA hai, taba ise saMbhAvanAvAdameM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| yaha syAdvAda vyavahAra, nirvAhake lakSyase kalpita dharmoM meM bhI bhale hI laga jAya, para vastuvyavasthAke samaya vaha vastukI sImAko nahIM laaNghtaa| ataH na yaha saMzayavAda hai, na anizcayavAda hI, kintu kharA apekSAprayukta nizcayavAda hai| sara rAdhAkRSNanke matako mImAMsA : ___ DaoN0 sarvapallI rAdhAkRSNanne iNDiyana philAsaphI ( jilda 1 pR0 305-6 ) meM syAdvAdake Upara apane vicAra prakaTa karate hue likhA hai ki "isase hameM kevala ApekSika athavA ardhasatyakA hI jJAna ho sakatA hai / syAdvAdase hama pUrNa satyako nahIM jAna sakate / dUsare zabdoMmeM syAdvAda hameM ardhasatyoMke pAsa lAkara paTaka detA hai, aura inhIM ardhasatyoMko pUrNasatya mAna lenekI preraNA karatA hai| parantu kevala nizcita anizcita ardhasatyoMko milAkara eka sAtha rakha denese vaha pUrNasatya nahIM kahA jA sakatA!" Adi / kyA sara rAdhAkRSNan yaha batAnekI kRpA kareMge ki syAdvAdane nizcita-anizcita ardhasatyoMko pUrNa satya mAna lenekI preraNA kaise kI hai ? hA~, vaha vedAntakI taraha cetana aura acetanake kAlpanika abhedakI dimAgI daur3ameM avazya zAmila nahIM huA aura na vaha kisI aise siddhAntake samanvaya karanekI salAha detA hai, jisameM vastusthitikI upekSA kI gaI ho| sara rAdhAkRSNanako pUrNa satyake rUpameM vaha kAlpanika abheda yA brahma iTa hai, jisameM cetana, acetana, mUrta, amUrta sabhI kAlpanika rItise samA jAte haiN| ve syAdvAdakI samanvaya dRSTiko ardhasatyoMke pAsa lAkara paTakanA samajhate haiM, para jaba pratyeka vastu svarUpataH anantadharmAtmaka hai, taba usa vAstavika natIjepara pahu~caneko ardhasatya kaise kaha sakate haiM ? hA~, syAdvAda usa pramANaviruddha kAlpanika abhedakI ora vastusthitimUlaka dRSTise nahIM jA sktaa| vaise paramasaMgrahanayakI dRSTise eka carama abhedakI kalpanA jainadarzanakAroMne bhI kI hai, jisameM sadrUpase sabhI cetana aura acetana samA jAte haiM"sarvamekaM sadavizeSAt"-saba eka haiM, sat rUpase cetana acetanameM koI bheda nahIM hai| para yaha eka kalpanA hI hai, kyoMki aisA koI eka 'vastusat' nahIM hai jo pratyeka maulika dravyameM anugata rahatA ho / ataH yadi sara rAdhAkRSNanko carama abhedakI kalpanA hI dekhanI ho, to vaha paramasaMgrahanayameM dekhI jA sakatI hai / para vaha sAdRzyamUlaka abhedopacAra hI hogA, vastusthiti nhiiN| yA pratyeka dravya apanI guNa aura paryAyoMse vAstavika abheda rakhatA hai, para aise svaniSTha ekatvavAle

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syAdvAda 399 anantAnanta dravya lokameM vastusat haiN| pUrNasatya to vastuke yathArtha anekAntasvarUpakA darzana hI hai, na ki kAlpanika abhedakA khayAla / buddhigata abheda hamAre AnandakA viSaya ho sakatA hai, para isase do dravyoMkI eka sattA sthApita nahIM ho sktii| __kucha isI prakArake vicAra pro0 baladevajI upAdhyAya bhI rAdhAkRSNankA anusaraNa kara 'bhAratIya darzana' (pR0 173 ) meM prakaTa karate haiM- "isI kAraNa yaha vyavahAra tathA paramArthake bIcoMbIca tattvavicArako katipaya kSaNake liye visrambha tathA virAma denevAle vizrAmagRhase bar3hakara adhika mahattva nahIM rkhtaa|" Apa cAhate haiM ki pratyeka darzanako usa kAlpanika abheda taka pahu~canA cAhiye / para syAdvAda jaba vastukA vicAra kara rahA hai, taba vaha paramArthasat vastukI sImAko kaise lA~gha sakatA hai ? brahma kavAda na kevala yukti-viruddha hI hai, kintu Ajake vijJAnase usake ekIkaraNakA koI vAstavika mUlya siddha nahIM hotaa| vijJAnane eTamakA bhI vizleSaNa kiyA hai aura pratyeka paramANukI apanI maulika aura svatantra sattA svIkAra kI hai| ataH yadi syAdvAda vastuko anekAntAtmaka sImApara pahu~cAkara buddhiko virAma detA hai, to yaha usakA bhUSaNa hI hai| dimAgI abhedase vAstavika sthitikI upekSA karanA manoraMjanase adhika mahattvakI bAta nahIM hai sktii| DaoN. devarAjajIne 'pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana' (pR0 65) meM 'syAt' zabdakA 'kadAcit' anuvAda kiyA hai / yaha bhI bhramapUrNa hai / kadAcit zabda kAlApekSa hai / isakA sIdhA artha hai-kisI samaya / aura pracalita arthameM kadAcit zabda eka tarahase saMzayakI ora hI jhukatA hai| vastumeM astitva aura nAstitva dharma eka ho kAlameM rahate haiM, na ki bhinnakAlameM / kadAcit asti aura kadAcit nAsti nahIM haiM, kintu saha-eka sAtha asti aura nAsti haiM / syAtkA sahI aura saTIka artha hai-'kathaJcit' arthAt eka nizcita prakArase / yAnI amuka nizcita dRSTikoNase vastu 'asti' hai aura usI samaya dvitIya nizcita dRSTikoNase 'nAsti' hai, isameM kAlabheda nahIM hai| apekSAprayukta nizcayavAda hI syAdvAdakA abhrAnta vAcyArtha ho sakatA hai| zrI hanumantarAva ema0 e0 ne apane 'Jain Instrumental Theory of Knowledge" nAmaka lekha meM likhA hai ki "syAdvAda sarala samajhautekA mArga upasthita karatA hai, vaha pUrNa satyataka nahIM le jAtA" aadi| ye saba eka hI prakArake vicAra haiM jo syAdvAdake svarUpako na samajhane yA vastusthitikI upekSA

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- jainadarzana karaneke pariNAma haiN| vastu to apane sthAnapara apane virATa rUpameM pratiSThita hai, usameM anantadharma, jo hameM paraspara virodhI mAlUma hote haiM, aviruddha bhAvase vidyamAna haiM / para hamArI dRSTimeM virodha honese hama usakI yathArtha sthitiko nahIM samajha pA rahe haiN| dharmakIti aura anekAntavAda : AcArya dharmakIrti pramANavArtika' ( 3 / 180-184 ) meM ubhayarUpa tattvake svarUpameM viparyAsa kara bar3e roSase anekAntatattvako pralApamAtra kahate haiM / ve sAMkhyamatakA khaMDana karaneke bAda jainamatake khaMDanakA upakrama karate hue likhate haiM "etenaiva yadahrIkAH kimapyayuktamAkulam / pralapanti pratikSiptaM tadapyekAntasambhavAt ||"-pr0 vA0 3 / 180 / arthAt sAMkhyamatake khaMDana karanese hI ahrIka yAnI digambara loga jo kucha ayukta aura Akula pralApa karate haiM vaha khaMDita ho jAtA hai; kyoMki tattva ekAntarUpa hI ho sakatA hai| yadi sabhI tattvoMko ubhayarUpa yAnI sva-pararUpa mAnA jAtA hai, to padArthoMmeM vizeSatAkA nirAkaraNa ho jAnese 'dahI khAo' isa prakArako AjJA diyA puruSa U~Tako khAneke liye kyoM nahIM daur3atA ? kyoMki dahI 'sva-dahIkI taraha para-U~TarUpa bhI hai| yadi dahI aura U~TameM koI vizeSatA yA atizaya hai, jisake kAraNa dahI zabdase dahImeM tathA U~Ta zabdase U~TameM hI pravRtti hotI hai, to vahI vizeSatA sarvatra mAna lenI cAhiye, aisI dazAmeM tattva ubhayAtmaka nahIM rahakara anubhayAtmaka yAnI pratiniyata svarUpavAlA siddha hogaa| isa prasaGgameM A0 dharmakIrtine jainatattvake viparyAsa karanemeM hada kara dI hai / tattvako ubhayAtmaka arthAt sat-asadAtmaka, nityAnityAtmaka yA bhedAbhedAtmaka kahanekA tAtparya yaha hai ki dahI, dahI rUpase sat hai aura dahIse bhinna uSTrAdirUpase vaha 'nAsti' hai| jaba jaina tattvajJAna yaha spaSTa kaha rahA hai ki 'hara vastu svarUpase hai, pararUpase nahIM haiM; taba usase to yahI phalita ho rahA hai ki 'dahI dahI hai, U~Ta 1. 'sarvasyobhayarUpatve tadvizeSanirAkRteH / codito dadhi khAdeti kimuSTraM nAbhidhAvati // athAstyatizayaH kazcit tena bhedena vrtte| sa eva vizeSo'nyatra nAstotyanubhayaM varam // ' ---pramANavA0 3.181-182 /

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syAdvAda 401 Adi rUpa nahIM hai / ' aisI hAlatameM dahI khAneko kahA gayA puruSa U~Tako khAneke liye kyoM daur3egA ? jaba U~TakA nAstitva dahImeM hai, taba usameM pravRtti karanekA prasaMga kisI anunmattako kaise ho sakatA hai ? dUsare zlokameM jisa vizeSatAkA nirdeza karake samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha vizeSatA to pratyeka padArthameM svabhAvabhUta mAnI hI jAtI hai| ataH svAstitva aura paranAstitvakI itanI spaSTa ghoSaNA honepara bhI svabhinna parapadArthameM pravRttikI bAta kahanA hI vastutaH ahrIkatA hai| ubhayAtmaka arthAt dravyaparyAyAtmaka mAnakara dravya yAnI pudgaladra vyakI dRSTise dahI aura U~Take zarIrako eka mAnakara dahI khAneke badale U~Take khAnekA dUSaNa denA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki pratyeka paramANu, svatantra pudgaladravya hai, aneka paramANu milakara skandharUpameM dahI kahalAte haiM aura unase bhinna aneka paramANu skandhakA zarIra bane haiM / aneka bhinnAsattAka paramANudravyoMmeM pudgalarUpase jo ekatA hai vaha sAdRzyamUlaka ekatA hai, vAstavika ekatA nahIM hai / ve ekajAtIya haiM, ekasattAka nhiiN| aisI dazAmeM dahI aura U~Take zarIrameM ekatAkA prasaMga lAkara makhaula ur3AnA zobhana bAta to nahIM hai| jina paramANuoMse dahI skandha banA hai unameM bhI vicArakara dekhA jAya, to sAdRzyamUlaka hI ekatvAropa ho rahA hai, vastutaH ekatva to eka dravyameM hI hai| aisI sthitimeM dahI aura U~TameM ekatvakA bhAna kisa svastha puruSako ho sakatA haiM ? ___ yadi kahA jAya ki "jina paramANuoMse dahI banA hai ve paramANu kabhI-na-kabhI U~Take zarIrameM bhI rahe hoMge aura U~Take zarIrake paramANu dahI bhI bane hoMge, aura Age bhI dahIke paramANu U~Take zarIrarUpa ho sakanekI yogyatA rakhate haiM, isa dRSTise dahI aura U~TakA zarIra abhinna ho sakatA hai ?" so bhI ThIka nahIM haiM, kyoMki dravyakI atIta aura anAgata paryAyeM judA hotI haiM, vyavahAra to vartamAna paryAyake anusAra calatA hai / khAne ke upayogameM dahI paryAya AtI hai aura savArIke upayogameM U~Ta paryAya / phira zabdakA vAcya bhI judA-judA hai| dahI zabdakA prayoga dahI paryAyavAle dravyoMko viSaya karatA hai na ki U~TakI paryAyavAle dravyako / pratiniyata zabda pratiniyata paryAyavAle dravyakA kathana karate haiN| yadi atIta paryAyakI saMbhAvanAse dahI aura U~TameM ekatva lAyA jAtA hai to sugata apane pUrvajAtakameM mRga hue the aura vahI mRga marakara sugata huA hai, ataH santAnakI dRSTise ekatva honepara bhI jaise sugata pUjya hI hote haiM aura mRga khAdya mAnA jAtA hai, usI taraha dahI aura U~TameM khAdya-akhAdyakI vyavasthA hai| Apa mRga aura sugatameM khAdyatva aura vandyatvakA viparyAsa nahIM karate; kyoMki donoM avasthAe~ judA hai, aura vandyatva 26

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402 jainadarzana tathA khAdyatvakA sambandha avasthAoMse hai, usI taraha pratyeka padArthako sthiti dravyaparyAyAtmaka hai| paryAyoMkI kSaNaparamparA anAdise ananta kAla taka calI jAtI hai, kabhI vicchinna nahIM hotI, yahI usakI dravyatA dhrauvya yA nityatva hai / nityatva yA zAzvatapanese bicakanekI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / santati yA paramparAke avicchedakI dRSTise AMzika nityatA to vastukA nija rUpa hai| usase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| Apa jo yaha kahate haiM ki 'vizeSatAkA nirAkaraNa ho jAnese saba sarvAtmaka ho jAya~geM', so dravyoMmeM ekajAtIyatA honepara svarUpakI bhinnatA aura vizeSatA hai hii| payAyoMmeM paraspara bheda hI hai, ataH dahI aura U~Take abhedakA prasaMga denA vastukA jAnate-bUjhate viparyAsa karanA hai / vizeSatA to pratyeka dravyameM hai aura eka dravyako do paryAyoMmeM bhI maujUda hai hI, usase inakAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| prajJAkaragupta aura arcaTa, tathA syAdvAda : prajJAkaragupta dharmakIrtike ziSya haiN| ve pramANavAtikAlaMkArameM jainadarzanake utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyAtmaka pariNAmavAdameM dUSaNa dete hue likhate haiM ki "jisa samaya vyaya hogA, usa samaya sattva kaise ? yadi sattva hai; to vyaya kaise ? ataH nityAnityAtmaka vastukI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| yA to vaha ekAntase nitya ho sakatI hai yA ekAntase anitya / " hetubinduke TIkAkAra arcaTa bhI vastuke utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyAtmaka lakSaNameM hI virodha dUSaNakA udbhAvana karate haiN| ve kahate haiM ki "jisa rUpase utpAda aura vyaya haiM usa rUpase dhrauvya nahIM hai, aura jisa rUpase dhrauvya hai usa rUpase utpAda aura vyaya nahIM haiM / eka dharmImeM paraspara virodhI do dharma nahIM ho skte|" 1. "athotpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM yattatsadiSyate / eSAmeva na sattvaM syAt etadbhAvAviyogataH // yadA vyayastadA sattvaM kathaM tasya pratIyate ? pUrva pratIte sattvaM syAt tadA tasya vyayaH katham // dhrauvye'pi yadi nAsmin dhIH kathaM sattvaM pratIyate / pratIvereva sarvasya tasmAt sattvaM kuto'nyathA // tasmAnna nityAnityasya vastunaH saMbhavaH kacit / anityaM nityamathavAstu ekAntena yuktimat // " -pramANavArtikAla0, pR0 142 / 2. "dhauvyeNa utpAdavyayayovirodhAt , ekasmin dharmiNyayogAt / " -hetubi0 TI0 pR0 146 /

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syAdvAda kintu jaba bauddha svayaM itanA svIkAra karate haiM ki vastu pratikSaNa utpanna hotI hai aura naSTa hotI hai tathA usakI isa dhArAkA kabhI viccheda nahIM hotaa| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vaha kabase prArambha huI aura na yaha batAyA jA sakatA hai ki vaha kaba taka clegii| prathama kSaNa naSTa hokara apanA sArA uttarAdhikAra dvitIya kSaNako sauMpa detA hai aura vaha tIsare kssnnko| isa taraha yaha kSaNasantati anantakAla taka cAla rahatI hai| yaha bhI siddha hai ki vivakSita kSaNa apane sajAtIya kSaNameM hI upAdAna hotA hai, kabhI bhI upAdAnasAMkarya nahIM hotaa| Akhira isa anantakAla taka calanevAlI upAdAnakI asaMkaratAkA niyAmaka kyA hai ? kyoM nahIM vaha vicchinna hotA aura kyoM nahIM koI vijAtIyakSaNameM upAdAna banatA ? dhrauvya isI asaMkaratA aura avicchinnatAkA nAma hai| isIke kAraNa koI bhI maulika tattva apanI maulikatA nahIM khotaa| isakA utpAda aura vyayake sAtha kyA virodha hai ? utpAda aura vyayako apanI lAina para cAlU rakhanene liye, aura anantakAla taka usakI lar3I banAye rakhaneke liye dhrauvyakA mAnanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| anyathA smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna, lena-dena, bandha-mokSa, guru-ziSyAdi samasta vyavahAroMkA uccheda ho jaaygaa| Aja vijJAna bhI isa mUla siddhAnta para hI sthira hai ki "kisI naye satkA utpAda nahIM hotA aura maujUda satkA sarvathA uccheda nahIM hotA, parivartana pratikSaNa hotA rahatA hai" isameM jo tattvakI maulika sthiti hai usIko dhrauvya kahate haiN| bauddha darzanameM 'santAna' zabda kucha isI arthameM prayukta hokara bhI vaha apanI satyatA kho baiThA hai, aura use paMkti aura senAkI taraha mRSA kahane kA pakSa prabala ho gayA hai| paMkti aura senA aneka svatantra siddha maulika dravyoMmeM saMkSipta vyavahArake liye kalpita buddhigata sphuraNa hai, jo unheM hI pratIta hotA hai, jinane saMketa grahaNa kara liyA hai, parantu dhrauvya yA dravyakI maulikatA buddhikalpita nahIM hai, kintu kSaNakI taraha Thosa satya hai, jo usakI anAdi ananta asaMkara sthitiko pravahamAna rakhatA hai| jaba vastukA svarUpa hI isa taraha trayAtmaka hai taba usa pratIyamAna svarUpameM virodha kaisA ? hA~, jisa dRSTise utpAda aura vyaya kahe jAte haiM, usI dRSTise yaha dhrauvya kahA jAtA to avazya virodha hotA, para utpAda aura vyaya to paryAyakI dRSTise hai tathA dhrauvya usa dravaNazIla maulikatvakI apekSAse hai, jo anAdise ananta taka apanI paryAyoMmeM 1. "bhAvassa patthi NAso Natthi abhAvassa ceva uppaado||15||" -paMcAstikAya /

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404 jainadarzana bahatA rahatA hai| koI bhI dArzanika kaise isa Thosa satyase inakAra kara sakatA hai ? isake binA vicArakA koI AdhAra hI nahIM raha jaataa| buddhako zAzvatavAdase yadi bhaya thA, to ve ucchedavAda bhI to nahIM cAhate the / ye tattvako na zAzvata kahate the aura na ucchinna / unane usake svarUpako do 'na' se kahA, jaba ki usakA vidhyAtmaka rUpa utpAda, vyaya, dhrauvyAtmaka hI bana sakatA hai / buddha to kahate haiM ki na to vastu nitya hai aura na sarvathA ucchinna jaba ki prajJAkaragupta yaha vidhAna karate haiM ki yA to vastuko nitya mAno yA kSaNika arthAt ucchinna / kSaNikakA artha ucchinna maiMne jAna bUjhakara isaliye kiyA hai ki aisA kSaNika, jisake maulikatva aura asaMkaratAkI koI gAraMTI nahIM hai, ucchinnake sivAya kyA ho sakatA hai ? vartamAna kSaNameM atItake saMskAra aura bhaviSyakI yogyatAkA honA hI dhrauvyatvakI vyAkhyA hai| atItakA sadbhAva to koI bhI nahIM mAna sakatA aura na bhaviSyatakA hI / dravyako traikAlika bhI isI arthameM kahA jAtA hai ki vaha atItase pravahamAna hotA huA vartamAna taka AyA hai aura AgekI maMjilakI taiyArI kara rahA hai / arcaTa kahate haiM ki jisa rUpase utpAda aura vyaya haiM usa rUpase dhrauvya nahIM; so ThIka hai, kintu 've donoM rUpa eka dharmImeM nahIM raha sakate' yaha kase ? jaba sabhI pramANa usa anantadharmAtmaka vastukI sAkSI de rahe haiM taba usakA aMgalI hilAkara niSedha kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? "yasminneva tu santAne AhitA krmvaasnaa| phalaM tatraiva sandhatte kArpAse raktatA yathA // " yaha karma aura karmaphalako eka adhikaraNameM siddha karanevAlA pramANa spaSTa kaha rahA hai ki jisa santAnameM karmavAsanA-yAnI karmake saMskAra par3ate haiM, usImeM phalakA anusandhAna hotA hai| jaise ki jisa kapAsake bIjameM lAkSArasakA siMcana kiyA gayA hai usIse utpanna honevAlI kapAsa lAla raMgakI hotI hai| yaha saba kyA hai ? santAna eka santanyamAna tattva hai jo pUrva aura uttarako jor3atA hai aura ve pUrva tathA uttara parivartita hote haiN| isIko to jaina dhrauvya zabdase kahate haiM, jisake kAraNa dravya anAdi-ananta parivartamAna rahatA hai| dravya eka AnaMDita akhaMDa maulika hai| usakA apane dharmoMse kathaJcit bhedAbheda yA kathaJcittAdAtmya hai / abheda isaliye ki dravyase una dharmoko pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, unakA vivecana-pRthakkaraNa azakya hai| bheda isaliye ki dravya aura paryAyoMmeM saMjJA, saMkhyA, svalakSaNa aura prayojana AdikI vividhatA pAI jAtI hai /

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syAdvAda 405 arcaTako isapara bhI Apatti hai| ve likhate haiM ki "dravya aura paryAyameM saMkhyAdike bhedase bheda mAnanA ucita nahIM hai / bheda aura abheda pakSameM jo doSa hote haiM ve donoM pakSa mAnane para avazya hoNge| bhinnAbhinnAtmaka eka vastukI saMbhAvanA nahIM hai, ataH yaha vAda duSTakalpita hai|" aadi| .. parantu jo abheda aMza hai vahI dravya hai aura bheda hai vahI paryAya hai| sarvathA bheda aura sarvathA abheda nahIM mAnA gayA hai, jisase bhedapakSa aura abhedapakSake donoM doSa aisI vastumeM aaveN| sthiti yaha hai ki dravya eka akhaMDa maulika hai| usake kAlakramase honevAle pariNamana paryAya kahalAte haiM / ve usI dravyameM hote haiM / yAnI dravya atItake saMskAra letA huA vartamAna paryAyarUpa hotA hai aura bhaviSyake liye kAraNa banatA hai| akhaMDa dravyako samajhAne ke liye usameM aneka guNa mAne jAte haiM, jo paryAyarUpase pariNata hote haiN| dravya aura paryAyameM jo saMjJAbheda, saMkhyAbheda, lakSaNabheda aura kAryabheda Adi batAye jAte haiM, ve una donoMkA bheda samajhAneke liye haiM, vastuta. unase aisA bheda nahIM hai, jisase paryAyoMko dravyase nikAlakara judA batAyA jA sake / paryAyarUpase dravya anitya hai| dravyase abhinna honeke kAraNa paryAya yadi nitya kahI jAtI hai to bhI koI dUSaNa nahIM hai; kyoMki dravyakA astitva kisI-na-kisI paryAyameM hI to hotA hai| dravyakA svarUpa judA aura paryAyakA svarUpa judA-isakA itanA hI artha hai ki donoMko pRthak samajhAneke liye unake lakSaNa judA-judA hote haiM / kArya bhI jude isaliye haiM ki dravyase anvayajJAna hotA hai jaba ki paryAyoMse vyAvRttajJAna yA bhedajJAna / dravya eka hotA hai aura paryAya kAlakramase aneka / ataH ina saMjJA Adise vastuke Tukar3e mAnanepara jo dUSaNa diye jAte haiM ve isameM lAgU nahIM hote / hA~, vaizeSika jo dravya, guNa aura karma Adiko svatantra padArtha mAnate haiM, usake bhedapakSameM ina dUSaNoMkA samarthana to jaina bhI karate haiN| sarvathA abhedarUpa brahmavAdameM vivarta, vikAra yA bhinnapratibhAsa AdikI sambhAvanA nahIM hai| pratipAdya-pratipAdaka, jJAna-jJeya AdikA bheda bhI asambhava hai| isa taraha eka pUrvabaddha dhAraNAke kAraNa jainadarzanake bhedAbhedavAdameM 1. 'dravyaparyAyarUpatvAt dvairUpyaM vastunaH kila / tayorekAtmakatve'pi bhedaH saMzAdibhedataH // 1 // ... bhedAbhedoktadoSAzca tayoriSTau kathaM na vaa| pratyekaM ye prasajyante dvayorbhAve kathanna te // 62 // ... na caivaM gamyate tena vAdo'yaM jAlmakalpitaH // 45 // ' -hetuvi0 TI0 pR0 104-107 /

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406 jainadarzana binA vicAre hI virodhAdi dUSaNa lAda diye jAte haiM / 'sat sAmAnya se jo saba padArthoMko 'eka' kahate haiM vaha vastusat aikya nahIM hai, vyavahArArtha saMgrahabhUta ekatva hai, jo ki upacarita hai, mukhya nhiiN| zabdaprayogakI dRSTise eka dravyameM vivakSita dharmabheda aura do dravyoMmeM rahane vAlA paramArthasat bheda, donoM bilakula jude prakArake haiN| vastukI samIkSA karate samaya hameM sAvadhAnIse usake varNita svarUpapara vicAra karanA caahiye| zAntarakSita aura syAdvAda : A0 zAntarakSitane tattvasaMgrahameM syAdvAdaparIkSA ( pR0 486 ) nAmakA eka svatantra prakaraNa hI likhA hai| ve sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka yA bhAvAbhAvAtmaka tattvameM dUSaNa udbhAvita karate haiM ki "yadi sAmAnya aura vizeSarUpa eka hI vastu hai, to eka vastuse abhinna honeke kAraNa sAmAnya aura vizeSameM svarUpasAMkarya ho jaaygaa| yadi sAmAnya aura vizeSa paraspara bhinna haiM aura unase vastu abhinna hone jAtI hai; to vastumeM bheda ho jaaygaa| vidhi aura pratiSedha paraspara virodhI haiM, ataH ve eka vastumeM nahIM ho sakate / narasiMha, mecakaratna Adi dRSTAnta bhI ThIka nahIM haiM; kyoMki ve saba aneka aNuoMke samUharUpa hai, ataH unakA yaha svarUpa avayavIkI taraha vikalpa-kalpita hai / " Adi / bauddhAcAryoMkI eka hI dalIla hai ki eka vastu do rUpa nahIM ho sktii| ve soceM ki jaba pratyeka svalakSaNa paraspara bhinna haiM, eka dUsare rUpa nahIM hai, to itanA to mAnanA hI cAhie ki rUpasvalakSaNa rUpasvalakSaNatvena 'asti' hai aura rasAdisvalakSaNatvena 'nAsti' hai, anyathA rUpa aura rasa milakara eka ho jaayeNge| hama svarUpa-astitvako hI pararUpanAstitva nahIM kaha sakate; kyoMki donoMkI apekSAe~ judA-judA haiM, pratyaya bhinna-bhinna haiM aura kArya bhinna-bhinna haiM / eka hI hetu svapakSakA sAdhaka hotA hai aura parapakSakA dUSaka, ina donoM dharmokI sthiti judA-judA hai| hetumeM yadi kevala sAdhaka svarUpa hI ho; to use svapakSakI taraha parapakSako bhI siddha hI karanA cAhiye / isI taraha dUSakarUpa hI ho; to parapakSakI taraha svapakSakA bhI dUSaNa hI karanA cAhiye / yadi eka hetumeM pakSadharmatva, sapakSasattva aura vipakSAsattva tInoM rUpa bhinna-minna mAne jAte haiM; to kyoM nahIM sapakSasattvako hI vipakSAsattva mAna lete ? ataH jisa prakAra hetumeM vipakSAsattva sapakSasattvase judA rUpa hai usI taraha pratyeka vastumeM svarUpAstitvase pararUpanAstitva judA hI svarUpa hai| anvayajJAna aura vyatirekajJAnarUpa prayojana aura kArya bhI unake jude hI haiM / yadi rUpasvalakSaNa apane uttararUpasvalakSaNameM upAdAna hotA hai aura rasasvalakSaNameM

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sthAdvAda nimitta; to usameM ye donoM dharma vibhinna haiM yA nahIM ? yadi rUpameM eka hI svabhAvase upAdAna aura nimittatvakI vyavasthA kI jAtI hai ? to batAie eka hI svabhAva do rUpa huA yA nahIM ? usane do kArya kiye yA nahIM ? to jisa prakAra eka hI svabhAva rUpakI dRSTise upAdAna hai aura rasakI dRSTise nimitta, usI prakAra vibhinna apekSAoMse eka hI vastumeM aneka dharma mAnanemeM kyoM virodhakA hallA kiyA jAtA hai ? bauddha kahate haiM ki "dRSTa padArthake akhila guNa dRSTa ho jAte haiM, para bhrAntise unakA nizcaya nahIM hotA, ataH anumAnakI pravRtti hotI hai|"1 yahA~ pratyakSapRSThabhAvI vikalpase nIlasvalakSaNake nIlAMzakA nizcaya honepara kSaNikatva aura svargaprApaNazakti AdikA nizcaya nahIM hotA, ataH anumAna karanA par3atA hai; to eka hI nIlasvalakSaNameM apekSAbhedase nizcitatva aura anizcitatva ye do dharma to mAnanA hI caahie| padArthameM anekadharma yA guNa mAnane meM virodhakA koI sthAna nahIM hai, ve to pratIta haiN| vastumeM sarvathA bheda svIkAra karanevAle bauddhoMke yahA~ pararUpase nAstitva mAne binA svarUpakI pratiniyata vyavasthA hI nahIM bana sakatI / dAnakSaNakA dAnatva pratIta honepara bhI usakI svargadAnazaktikA nizcaya nahIM hotaa| aisI dazAmeM dAnakSaNameM nizcitatA aura anizcitatA donoM hI mAnanA hoNgii| eka rUpasvalakSaNa anAdikAlase anantakAla taka pratikSaNa parivartita hokara bhI kabhI samApta nahIM hotA, usakA samUla uccheda nahIM hotA, vaha na to sajAtoya rUpAntara banatA hai aura na vijAtIya rasAdi hii| yaha usakI jo anAdyananta asaMkara sthiti hai, usakA kyA niyAmaka hai ? vastu viparivartamAna hokara bhI jo samApta nahIM hotI, isIkA nAma dhrauvya hai jisake kAraNa vivakSita kSaNa kSaNAntara nahIM hotA aura na sarvathA ucchinna hI hotA hai| ataH jaba rUpasvalakSaNa rUpasvalakSaNa hI hai, rasAdi nahIM, rUpasvalakSaNa pratikSaNa parivartita hotA huA bhI sarvathA ucchinna nahIM hotA, rUpasvalakSaNa upAdAna bhI hai aura nimitta bhI, rUpasvalakSaNa nizcita bhI hai aura anizcita bhI,. rUpasvalakSaNoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka sAmAnya dharma bhI hai aura vaha vizeSa bhI hai, rUpasvalakSaNa rUpazabdakA abhidheya hai rasAdikA anabhidheya; taba aisI sthitimeM usakI anekadharmAtmakatA svayaM siddha hai| syAdvAda vastukI isI anekAntAtmakatAkA pratipAdana karanevAlI eka bhASApaddhati hai, jo vastukA sahI-sahI pratinidhitva karatI hai| Apa sAmAnyako anyA1. "tasmAd dRSTasya bhAvasya dRSTa evAkhilo gunnH| bhrAntenizcIyate neti sAdhanaM saMpravartate ||"-prmaannvaa0 3 / 44 /

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408 jainadarzana poharUpa kaha bhI lIjie para 'agovyAvRtti govyaktiyoMmeM hI kyoM pAyI jAtI hai, azvAdimeM kyoM nahIM' isakA niyAmaka gomeM pAyA jAnevAlA sAdRzya hI ho sakatA hai| sAdRzya do padArthoM meM pAyA jAnevAlA eka dharma nahIM hai, kintu pratyekaniSTha hai / jitane pararUpa haiM unakI vyAvRtti yadi vastumeM pAyI jAtI hai, to utane dharmabheda mAnanemeM kyA Apatti hai ? pratyeka vastu apane akhaMDarUpameM avibhAgI aura anirvAcya hokara bhI jaba una-una dharmokI apekSA nirdezya hotI hai to usakI abhidheyatA spaSTa hI hai| vastukA avaktavyatva dharma svayaM usakI anekAntAtmakatAko pukArapukArakara kaha rahA hai| vastumeM itane dharma, guNa aura paryAya haiM ki usake pUrNa svarUpako hama zabdoMse nahIM kaha sakate aura isI liye use avaktavya kahate haiM / A0 zAntirakSita svayaM kSaNika pratItyasamutpAdameM anAdyananta aura asaMkrAnti vizeSaNa dekara usakI santatinityatA svIkAra karate haiM, phira bhI dravyake nityAnityAtmaka honemeM unheM virodhakA bhaya dikhAI detA hai ! kimAzcaryamataH param !! ananta svalakSaNoMkI paraspara viviktasattA mAnakara pararUpa-nAstitvase nahIM bacA jA sktaa| mecakaratna yA narasiMhakA dRSTAnta to sthUla rUpase hI diyA jAtA hai, kyoMki jaba taka mecakaratna anekANuoMkA kAlAntarasthAyI saMghAta banA huA hai aura jaba taka unameM vizeSa prakArakA rAsAyanika mizraNa hokara bandha hai; taba taka mecakaratnakI, sAdRzyamUlaka puJjake rUpameM hI sahI, eka sattA to hai hI aura usameM usa samaya aneka rUpoMkA pratyakSa darzana hotA hI hai| narasiMha bhI isI taraha kAlAntarasthAyI saMghAtake rUpameM eka hokara bhI anekAkArake rUpameM pratyakSagocara hotA hai| tattvasaM0 traikAlyaparIkSA ( pR0 504 ) meM kucha bauddhakadeziyoMke mata diye haiM, jo trikAlavartI dravyako svIkAra karate the| inameM bhadanta dharmatrAta bhAvAnyathAvAdI the / ve dravyameM pariNAma na mAnakara bhAvameM pariNAma mAnate the| jaise kaTaka, kuMDala, keyUrAdi avasthAoMmeM pariNAma hotA hai dravyasthAnIya suvarNameM nahIM, usI taraha dharmoM meM anyathAtva hotA hai, dravyameM nhiiN| dharma hI anAgatapaneko chor3akara vartamAna banatA hai aura vartamAnako chor3akara atItake gahvarameM calA jAtA hai / bhadanta ghoSaka lakSaNAnyathAvAdI the| eka hI dharma atItAdi lakSaNoMse yukta hokara atIta, anAgata aura vartamAna kahA jAtA hai / bhadanta vasumitra avasthAnyathAvAdI the| dharma atItAdi bhinna-bhinna avasthAoMko prApta kara atItAdi kahA jAtA hai, dravya to trikAlAnuyAyI rahatA hai| jaise 1. tatvasaM0 zlo0 4 /

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syAdvAda 409 eka miTTIkI golI bhinna-bhinna goliyoMke Dhera meM par3akara aneka saMkhyAvAlI ho jAtI hai usI taraha dharma atItAdi vyavahArako prApta ho jAtA hai, dravya to eka rahatA hai| buddhadeva anyathAnyathika the| dharma pUrva-parakI apekSA anya-anya kahA jAtA hai / jaise eka hI strI mAtA bhI hai aura putrI bhii| jisakA pUrva hI hai, apara nahIM, vaha anAgata kahalAtA hai| jisakA pUrva bhI hai aura apara bhI, vaha vartamAna; aura jisakA apara hI hai, pUrva nahIM; vaha atIta kahalAtA hai| ye cAroM astivAdI kahe jAte the| inake matoMkA vistRta vivaraNa nahIM milatA ki ye dharma aura avasthAse dravyakA tAdAtmya mAnate the, yA anya koI sambandha, phira bhI itanA to patA calatA hai ki ye vAdI yaha anubhava karate the ki sarvathA kSaNikavAdameM loka-paraloka, karma-phalavyavasthA Adi nahIM bana sakate, ataH kisI rUpameM dhrauvya yA dravyake svIkAra kiye binA cArA nahIM hai| zAntarakSita svayaM paralokaparIkSA meM cArvAkakA khaMDana karate samaya jJAnAdisantatiko anAdi-ananta svIkAra karake hI paralokakI vyAkhyA karate haiM / yaha jJAnAdi-santatikA anAdyananta honA hI to dravyatA yA dhrauvya hai, jo atItake saMskAroMko letA huA bhaviSyatakA kAraNa banatA jAtA hai| karma-phalasambandhaparIkSA (pR0 184 ) meM kinhIM cittoMmeM viziSTa kAryakAraNabhAva mAnakara hI smaraNa, pratyabhijJAna Adike ghaTAnekA jo prayAsa kiyA gayA hai vaha saMskArAdhAyaka cittakSaNoMkI santatimeM hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai' yaha bAta svayaM zAntarakSita bhI svIkAra karate haiN| ve bandha aura mokSakI vyAkhyA karate hue likhate haiM ki kAryakAraNaparamparAse cale Aye avidyA, saMskAra Adi bandha haiM aura inake nAza ho jAne maloMse sAsrava ho rahA thA usIkA nirmala ho jAnA, cittakI anusyUtatA aura anAdyanantatAkA spaSTa nirUpaNa hai, jo vastuko eka hI samayameM utpAda-vyayadhrauvyAtmaka siddha kara detA hai / tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA ( pR0 184 ) meM uddhRta eka prAcIna zlokameM to "tadeva tairvinirmuktaM bhavAnta iti kathyate" yaha kahakara 'tadeva' 1. 'upAdAnatadAdeyabhUtajJAnAdisantateH / kAcinniyatamaryAdAvasthaiva parikIrtyate // tasyAzcAnAdyanantAyAH paraH pUrva iheti ca' -tattvasaM0 zlo0 1872-73 / 2. "kAryakAraNabhUtAzca tatrAvidyAdayo matAH / bandhastadvigamAdiSTo yuktinirmalatA dhiyaH // " -tattvasaM0 zlo0 544 /

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jainadarzana padase cittakI sAnvayatA aura bandha-mokSAdhAratAkA ativizida varNana kara diyA gayA hai| 'kinhIM cittoMmeM hI viziSTa kAryakAraNabhAvakA mAnanA aura anyameM nahIM', yaha pratiniyata svabhAvavyavasthA tattvako bhAvAbhAvAtmaka mAne binA bana nahIM sakatI / yAnI ve citta, jinameM paraspara upAdAnopAdeyabhAva hotA hai, paraspara kucha vizeSatA avazya hI rakhate haiM, jisake kAraNa unhIMmeM hI pratisandhAna, vAsyavAsakabhAva, karta-bhoktabhAva Adi ekAtmagata vyavasthAe~ jamatI haiM, santAnAntaracittake sAtha nahIM / ekasantAnagata cittoMmeM hI upAdAnopAdeyabhAva hotA hai, santAnAntaracittoMmeM nahIM / yaha pratiniyata santAnavyavasthA svayaM siddha karatI hai ki tattva kevala utpAda-vyayakI niranvaya paramparA nahIM hai / yaha ThIka hai ki pUrva aura uttara paryAyoMke utpAda-vyayarUpase badalate rahane para bhI koI aisA avikArI kUTastha nitya aMza nahIM hai, jo sabhI paryAyoM meM sUtakI taraha avikRta bhAvase piroyA jAtA ho / para vartamAna atItakI yAvat saMskAra-saMpattikA mAlika banakara hI to bhaviSyako apanA uttarAdhikAra detA hai / yaha jo adhikArake grahaNa aura visarjanakI paramparA amuka-cittakSaNoMmeM hI calatI hai, santAnAntara cittoMmeM nahIM, vaha prakRta cittakSaNoMkA paraspara aisA tAdAtmya siddha kara rahI hai, jisako hama sahaja hI dhrauvya yA dravyakI jagaha baiThA sakate haiN| bIja aura aMkurakA kAryakAraNabhAva bhI sarvathA niranvaya nahIM hai, kintu jo aNu pahale bIjake AkArameM the, unhIMmeMke kucha aNu anya aNuoMkA sAhacarya pAkara aMkurAkArako dhAraNa kara lete haiM / yahA~ bhI dhrauvya yA dravya vicchinna nahIM hotA, kevala avasthA badala jAtI hai| pratItyasamutpAdameM bhI pratItya aura samutpAda ina do kriyAoMkA eka kartA mAne binA gati nahIM hai / 'kevala kriyAe~ hI haiM aura kAraka nahIM hai', yaha nirAzraya bAta pratItikA viSaya nahIM hotii| ataH tattvako utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka tathA vyavahArake liye sAmAnyavizeSAtmaka svIkAra karanA hI caahiye| karNakagomi aura syAdvAda: sarvaprathama ye digambaroMke 'anyApoha-itaretarAbhAva na mAnanepara eka vastu sarvAtmaka ho jAyagI' isa siddhAntakA khaMDana karate hue likhate haiM ki 'abhAvake 1. 'yo'pi digambaro manyate-sarvAtmakamekaM syAdanyApohavyatikrame / tasmAd bheda evAnyathA na syAdanyonyAbhAvo bhAvAnAM yadi na bhavediti; so'pyanena nirastaH, abhAvena bhAvabhedasya katu mazakyatvAt / nApyabhinnAnAM hetuto niSpannAnAmanyonyAbhAvaH saMbhavati, abhinnAzceniSpannAH; kathamanyonyAbhAvaH saMbhavati ? bhinnAzcenniSpannAH kathamanyonyAbhAvakalpanetyuktam / ' pra0 vA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 109 /

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syAdvAda 411 dvArA bhAvabheda nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yadi padArtha apane kAraNoMse abhinna utpanna hue haiM, to abhAva unameM bheda nahIM DAla sakatA aura yadi bhinna utpanna hue haiM, to anyonyAbhAvakI kalpanA hI vyartha hai|' ve UrdhvatAsAmAnya aura paryAyavizeSa arthAt dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastumeM dUSaNa dete hue likhate haiM ki "sAmAnya aura vizeSameM abheda mAnanepara yA to atyanta abheda rahegA yA atyanta bheda / anantadharmAtmaka dharmI pratIta nahIM hotA, ataH lakSaNabhedase bhI bheda nahIM ho sktaa| dahI aura U~Ta paraspara abhinna hai; kyoMki U~Tase abhinna dravyatvase dahIkA tAdAtmya hai| ataH syAdvAda mithyAvAda hai|" aadi| yaha ThIka hai ki samasta padArtha apane-apane kAraNoMse svasvabhAvasthita utpanna hote haiM / 'parantu eka padArtha dUsarese bhinna hai' isakA artha hai ki jagat itaretarAbhAvAtmaka hai| itaretarAbhAva koI svatantra padArtha hokara do padArthoMmeM bheda nahIM DAlatA, kintu paTAdikA itaretarAbhAva ghaTarUpa hai aura ghaTakA itaretarAbhAva paTAdirUpa hai / padArthameM donoM rUpa hai-svAstitva aura paranAstitva / paranAstitvarUpako hI itaretarAbhAva kahate haiN| do padArtha abhinna arthAt ekasattAka to utpanna hote hI nahIM hai / jitane padArtha haiM saba apanI-apanI dhArAse badalate hue svarUpastha hai| do padArthoMke svarUpakA pratiniyata honA hI ekakA dUsaremeM abhAva hai, jo tat-tat padArthake svarUpa hI hotA hai, bhinna padArtha nahIM hai / bhinna abhAvameM to jaina bhI yahI dUSaNa dete haiN| dravya-paryAyAtmaka vastumeM kAlakramase honevAlI aneka paryAyeM paraspara upAdAnopAdeyarUpase jo anAdyananta bahatI haiM, kabhI bhI ucchinna nahIM hotI aura na dUsarI dhArAse saMkrAnta hotI haiM, isIko UrdhvatAsAmAnya dravya yA dhrauvya kahate haiM / avyabhicArI upAdAna-upAdeyabhAvakA niyAmaka yahI hotA hai, anyathA santAnAnta1. "tena yo'pi digambaro manyate-nAsmAbhiH ghaTapaTAdiSvekaM sAmAnyamiSyate, teSAmekAnta bhedAt, kintvaparApareNa paryAyeNAvasthAsaMzitena pariNAmi dravyam, etadeva ca sarvaparyAnuyAyitvAt sAmAnyamucyate / tena yugapadutpAda vyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat iti vastuno lakSaNamiti / tadAha-ghaTamaulisuvarNArthI''so'pyatra nirAkRta eva draSTavyaH, tadvati sAmAnyavizeSavati vastunyabhyupagamyamAne atyantabhedabhedau syAtAm atha sAmAnyavizeSayoH kathaJcibheda issyte| atrApyAha-anyonyamityAdi / sadRzAsadRzAtmanoH sAmAnyavizeSayoH yadi kathaJcidanyonyaM parasparaM bhedaH tadaikAntena tayo da eva syAt.. digambarasyApi tadvati vastunyabhyupagamyamAne atyantabhedAbhedau syAtAm / 'mithyAvAda eva syAdvAdaH // " -pra0 vA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 332-42 /

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jainadarzana rakSaNake sAtha upAdAnopAdeyabhAvako kauna roka sakatA hai ? isameM jo yaha kahA jAtA ki 'dravyase abhinna honeke kAraNa paryAya ekarUpa ho jAyagI yA dravya bhinna ho jAyagA', so jaba dravya svayaM hI paryAyarUpase pratikSaNa parivartita hotA jAtA hai, taba vaha paryAyoMkI dRSTise aneka hai aura una paryAyoMmeM jo svadhArAbaddhatA hai usa rUpase ve saba ekarUpa hI haiN| santAnAntarake prathama kSaNase svasantAnake prathamakSaNameM jo antara hai aura jisake kAraNa antara hai aura jisakI vajaha svasantAna aura parasantAna vibhAga hotA hai vahI UrdhvatAsAmAnya yA dravya hai| "svabhAva-parabhAvAbhyAM yasmAd vyAvRttibhAginaH / " ( pramANavA0 3 / 39 ) ityAdi zlokoMmeM jo sajAtIya aura vijAtIya yA svabhAva aura parabhAva zabdakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai, yaha 'sva-para' vibhAga kaise hogA ? jo 'sva' kI rekhA hai vahI UrdhvatAsAmAnya hai| ____ dahI aura U~TameM abhedakI bAta to nirI kalpanA hai; kyoMki dahI aura U~TameM koI eka dravya anuyAyI nahIM hai, jisake kAraNa unameM ekatvakA prasaMga upasthita ho / yaha kahanA ki 'jisa prakAra anugata pratyayake balapara kuMDala, kaTaka AdimeM eka suvarNasAmAnya mAnA jAtA hai usI taraha U~Ta aura dahImeM bhI eka dravya mAnanA cAhiye' ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki vastutaH dravya to pudgala aNu hI haiM / suvarNa Adi bhI aneka paramANuoMkI cirakAla taka eka-jaisI banI rahanevAlI sadRza skandhaavasthA hI hai aura usIke kAraNa usake vikAroMmeM anvaya pratyaya hotA hai| pratyeka AtmAkA apanI harSa, viSAda, sukha, Adi paryAyoMmeM kAlabheda honepara bhI jo anvaya hai vaha UrdhvatAsAmAnya hai| eka pudgalANukA apanI kAlakramase honevAlI avasthAoMmeM jo aviccheda hai vaha bhI UrdhvatAsAmAnya hI hai, isIke kAraNa unameM anugata pratyaya hotA hai inameM usa rUpase ekatva yA abheda kahanemeM koI Apatti nahIM; kintu do svatantra dravyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka hI ekatvakA Aropa hotA hai, vAstavika nhiiN| ataH jinheM hama miTTI yA suvarNa dravya kahate haiM ve saba aneka paramANuoMke skandha haiN| unheM hama vyavahArArtha hI eka dravya kahate haiN| jina paramANuoMke skandhameM suvarNa jaisA pIlA raMga, vajana, lacIlApana Adi juTa jAtA hai unheM hama pratikSaNa sadRza skandharUpa pariNamana honeke kAraNa sthUla dRSTise 'suvarNa' kaha dete haiN| isI taraha miTTI, tantu AdimeM bhI samajhanA caahiye| suvarNa hI jaba AyurvedIya prayogoMse jIrNakara bhasma banA diyA jAtA hai, aura vahI puruSake dvArA bhukta hokara malAdi rUpase pariNata ho jAtA hai taba bhI eka avicchinna dhArA paramANuoMkI banI hI rahatI hai, 'suvarNa' paryAya to bhasma Adi banakara samApta ho jAtI hai| ataH anekadravyoMmeM vyavahArake liye jo sAdRzyamUlaka abhedavyavahAra

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jainadarzana 413 hotA hai vaha vyavahArake liye hI hai| yaha sAdRzya bahutase avayavoM yA guNoMkI samAnatA hai aura yaha pratyekavyaktiniSTha hotA hai, ubhayaniSTha yA anekaniSTha nhiiN| gaukA sAdRzya gavayaniSTha hai aura gavayakA sAdRzya gauniSTha hai / isa arthameM sAdRzya usa vastukA pariNamana hI huA, ataeva usase vaha abhinna hai| aisA koI sAdRzya nahIM hai jo do vastuoMmeM anusyUta rahatA ho| isakI pratIti avazya parasApekSa hai, para svarUpa to vyaktiniSTha hI hai| ataH jainoMke dvArA mAnA gayA tiryakasAmAnya jisase ki bhinna-bhinna dravyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka abhedavyavahAra hotA hai, anekAnugata na hokara pratyekameM parisamApta hai| isako nimitta banAkara jo aneka vyaktiyoMmeM abheda kahA jAtA hai vaha kAlpanika hai, vAstavika nhiiN| aisI dazAmeM dahI aura U~TameM abhedakA vyavahAra eka pudgalasAmAnyakI dRSTise jo kiyA jA sakatA hai vaha aupacArika kalpanA hai| U~Ta cetana hai aura dahI acetana, ataH una donoMmeM pudgalasAmAnyakI dRSTise abheda vyavahAra karanA asaMgata hI hai| U~Take zarIrake aura dahIke paramANuoMse rUpa-rasa-gandha-sparzavattvarUpa sAdRzya milAkara abhedakI kalpanA karake dUSaNa denA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki isa prakArake kAlpanika atiprasaMgase to samasta vyavahAroMkA hI uccheda ho jaaygaa| sAdRzyamUlaka sthUlapratyaya to bauddha bhI mAnate hI haiN| tAtparya yaha ki jainI tattvavyavasthAko samajhe binA hI yaha dUSaNa dharmakIrtine jainoMko diyA hai| isa sthitiko unake TIkAkAra AcArya karNaka gomine tAr3a liyA, ataeva ve vahIM zaMkA karake likhate haiM ki "zaMkA-jaba ki digambaroMkA yaha darzana nahIM hai ki 'sarva sarvAtmaka hai yA sarva sarvAtmaka nahIM hai' to AcAryane kyoM unake liye yaha dUSaNa diyA ? samAdhAna-satya hai, yathAdarzana arthAt jaisA unakA darzana hai usake anusAra to 'atyantabhedAbhedau ca syAtAm' yahI dUSaNa AtA hai' prakRta dUSaNa nhiiN|" ___ bAta yaha hai ki sAMkhyakA prakRtipariNAmavAda aura usakI apekSA jo bhedAbheda hai use jainoMpara lagAkara ina dArzanikoMne jainadarzanake sAtha nyAya nahIM kiyA / sAMkhya eka prakRtikI sattA mAnatA hai| vahI prakRti dahIrUpa bhI, banatI hai aura U~Ta rUpa bhI, ataH eka prakRtirUpase dahI aura U~TameM abhedakA prasaMga denA ucita ho 1. "nanu digambarANAM sarva sarvAtmakaM, na sarva sarvAtmakam' iti naitaddarzanam, tatkimarthamida mArcAyeMNocyate ? satyaM, yathAdarzanaM tu 'atyantabhedAbhedau ca syAtAm' ityAdinA pUrvameba dUSitam / " -pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 339 /

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414 syAdvAda bhI sake, para jaina tattvajJAnakA AdhAra bilakula judA hai / vaha vAstava-bahutvavAdI hai aura pratyeka paramANu ko svataMtra dravya mAnatA hai| aneka dravyoMmeM sAdRzyamUlaka ekatva upacarita hai, Aropita hai aura kAlpanika hai| raha jAtI hai eka dravyakI bAta; so usake ekatvakA lopa svayaM bauddha bhI nahIM kara sakate / nirvANameM jisa bauddhapakSane cittasantatikA sarvathA uccheda mAnA hai usane darzanazAstrake maulika AdhArabhUta niyamakA hI lopa kara diyA hai / cittasantati svayaM apanemeM 'paramArthasat' hai| vaha kabhI bhI ucchinna nahIM ho sktii| buddha svayaM ucchedavAdake utane hI virodhI the, jitane ki upaniSatpratipAdita zAzvatavAdake / bauddhadarzanakI sabase bar3I aura moTI bhUla yaha hai ki usake eka pakSane nirvANa avasthAmeM cittasantatikA sarvathA uccheda mAna liyA hai| isI bhayase buddhane svayaM nirvANako avyAkRta kahA thA, usake svarUpake sambandhameM bhAva yA abhAva kisI rUpameM unane koI uttara nahIM diyA thaa| buddhake isa maunane hI unake tattvajJAnameM pIche aneka virodhI vicAroMke udayakA avasara upasthita kiyA hai / vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi aura anekAntavAda vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi' (pari0 2 khaM0 2) TIkAmeM nirgranthAdike matake rUpase bhedAbhedavAdakA pUrvapakSa karake dUSaNa diyA hai ki "do dharma eka dharmImeM asiddha haiN|" kintu jaba pratItike balase ubhayAtmakatA siddha hotI hai, taba mAtra 'asiddha' kaha denese unakA niSedha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| isa sambandhameM pahile likhA jA cukA hai| Azcarya to isa bAtakA hai ki eka paramparAne jo dUsareke matake khaMDanake liye 'nArA' lagAyA, usa paramparAke anya vicAraka bhI A~kha mUMdakara usI 'nAre' ko bulanda kiye jAte haiM ! ve eka bAra bhI rukakara socanekA prayatna hI nahIM karate / syAdvAda aura anekAntake sambandhameM aba taka yahI hotA AyA hai| . ___ isa taraha syAdvAda aura utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka pariNAmavAdameM jitane bhI dUSaNa bauddha darzanake granthoMmeM dekhe jAte haiM ve tattvakA viparyAsa karake hI thope gaye haiM, aura Aja bhI vaijJAnika dRSTikoNakI duhAI denevAle mAnya darzanalekhaka isa sambandhameM usI purAnI rUDhise cipake hue haiM ! yaha mahAn Azcarya hai ! 1. 'sadbhatA dharmAH sattAdidhamaiMH samAnA bhinnAzcApi, yathA nirynthaadiinaam| tanmataM na samaJjasam / kasmAt ? na bhinnAbhinnamate'pi pUrvavat bhinnAbhinnayordoSabhAvAt / ........ ubhayorekasmin asiddhatvAt / ..... bhinnAbhinnakalpanA na sadbhUtaM nyAyAsiddhaM satyAbhAsaM gRhItam / ' -vijJapti0 pari0 2 kha0 2 /

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syAdvAda 415 zrI jayarAzibhaTTa aura anekAntavAda : tattvopaplavasiMha eka khaNDanagrantha hai| isameM pramANa, prameya Adi tattvoMkA upaplava hI nirUpita hai / isake kartA jayarAzi bhaTTa haiM / ve digambaroM dvArA AtmA aura sukhAdikA bhedAbheda mAnane meM Apatti uThAte haiM ki "ekatva arthAt ekasvabhAvatA / ekasvabhAvatA mAnanepara nAnAsvabhAvatA nahIM ho sakatI, kyoMki donoMmeM virodha hai / usIko nitya aura usIko anitya kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? pararUpase asattva aura svarUpase sattva mAnanA bhI ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki-vastu to eka hai| yadi use abhAva kahate haiM to bhAva kyA hogA ? yadi pararUpase abhAva kahA jAtA hai; to svarUpakI taraha ghaTameM pararUpakA bhI praveza ho jaaygaa| isa taraha saba sarvarUpa ho jaayNge| yadi pararUpakA abhAva kahate haiN| to jaba pararUpakA abhAva hai to vaha anupalabdha huA, taba Apa usa pararUpake draSTA kaise hue ? aura kaise usakA abhAva kara sakate haiM ? yadi kahA jAya ki pararUpase vastu nahIM milatI ataH parakA sadbhAva nahIM hai, to abhAvarUpase bhI nizcaya nahIM hai ataH parakA abhAva nahIM kahA jA sakatA / yadi pararUpase vastu upalabdha hotI hai to abhAvagrAhI jJAnase abhAva hI sAmane rahegA, phira bhAvakA jJAna nahIM ho skegaa|" Adi / yaha eka sAmAnya mAnyatA rUr3ha hai ki eka vastu aneka kaise ho sakatI hai ? para jaba vastukA svarUpa hI asaMkhya virodhoMkA AkAra hai taba usase inakAra kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? eka hI AtmA harSa, viSAda, sukha, duHkha, jJAna, ajJAna Adi aneka paryAyoMko dhAraNa karanevAlA pratIta hotA hai| eka kAlameM vastu apane svarUpase hai yAnI usameM apanA svarUpa pAyA jAtA hai, parakA svarUpa nhiiN| pararUpakA nAstitva yAnI usakA bheda to prakRta vastumeM mAnanA hI cAhiye, anyathA sva aura parakA vibhAga kaise hogA ? usa nAstitvakA nirUpaNa parapadArthakI dRSTi se hotA 1. "eka hIdaM vastUpalabhyate / taccedabhAvaH kimidAnIM bhAvo bhaviSyati ? yadyadi pararUpatayA bhAvaH; tadA ghaTasya paTarUpatA prApnoti / yathA pararUpatayA bhAvatve'GgIkriyamANe pararUpAnu vezaH tathA abhAvatve'pyaGgIkriyamANe pararUpAnupraveza eva, tatazca sarva sarvAtmakaM syAt / atha pararUpasya bhAvaH, tadavirodhi tvekatvaM tsyaabhaavH| nahi tasmin sati bhavAn tasyAnupalabdhedraSTA, anyathA hi Atmano'pyabhAvo bhavet / atha AtmasattA'virodhitvena svAtmano'bhAvo na bhavatyeva; parasattAvirodhitvAt parasyApyabhAvo na bhavati / athAparAkAratayA nopalabhyate tena parasya bhAvo na bhavati, abhAvAkAratayA cAnupalabdheH parasyAbhAvo'pi na bhavet / atha abhAvAkAratayA upalabhyate; tadA bhAvo'nyo nAsti, abhAvAkArAntaritatvAt , abhAvasvabhAvAvagAhinA avabodhena abhAva eva dyotito na bhAvaH / ..." -tattvopa0 pR0 75-79 /

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416 jainadarzana hai, kyoMki parakA hI to nAstitva hai| jagat anyo'nyAbhAvarUpa hai| ghaTa ghaTetara yAvat padArthose bhinna hai| 'yaha ghaTa anya ghaToMse bhinna hai' isa bhedakA niyAmaka parakA nAstitva hI hai / pararUpa usakA nahIM hai', isIliye to usakA nAstitva mAnA jAtA hai| yadyapi pararUpa vahA~ nahIM hai, para usako Aropita karake usakA nAstitva siddha kiyA jAtA hai ki 'yadi ghar3A paTAdirUpa hotA, to paTAdirUpase usakI upalabdhi honI cAhiye thii|' para nahIM hotI, ataH siddha hotA hai ki ghar3A paTAdirUpa nahIM hai| yahI usakA ekatva yA kaivalya hai jo vaha svabhinna parapadArtharUpa nahIM hai| jisa samaya paranAstitvakI vivakSA hotI hai; usa samaya abhAva hI vasturUpa para chA jAtA hai, ataH vahI vahI dikhAI detA hai, usa samaya astitvAdi dharma gauNa ho jAte haiM aura jisa samaya astitva mukhya hotA hai usa samaya vastu kevala sadrUpa hI dikhatI hai, usa samaya nAstitva Adi gauNa ho jAte haiM / yahI anya bhaMgoMmeM samajhanA caahie| ____ tattvopaplavakAra kisI bhI tattvakI sthApanA nahIM karanA cAhate, ataH unakI yaha zailI hai ki aneka vikalpa-jAlase vastusvarUpako mAtra vighaTita kara denaa| antameM ve kahate haiM ki isa taraha upapluta tattvoMmeM hI samasta jagatke vyavahAra avicAritaramaNIya rUpase calate rahate haiN| parantu anekAnta-tattvameM jitane bhI vikalpa uThAe jAte haiM, unakA samAdhAna ho jAtA hai| usakA khAsa kAraNa yaha hai ki jahA~ vastu utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvyAtmaka evaM anantaguNa-paryAyavAlI hai vahIM vaha anantadharmose yukta bhI hai| usameM kalpita-akalpita sabhI dharmokA nirvAha hai aura tattvoplavavAdiyoM jaise vAvadUkoMkA uttara to anekAntavAdase hI sahI-sahI diyA jA sakatA hai| vibhinna apekSAoMse vastuko vibhinnarUpoMmeM dekhA jAnA hI anekAntatatvakI rUparekhA hai| ye mahAzaya apane kuvikalpajAlameM masta hokara digambaroMko mUrkha kahate hue aneka bhaNDa vacana likhanemeM nahIM cUke ! tattvopaplavakAra yahI to kahanA cAhate haiM ki 'vastu na nitya ho sakatI hai, na anitya, na ubhaya, aura na avAcya / yAnI jitane ekAnta prakAroMse vastukA vivecana karate haiM una-una rUpoMmeM vastukA svarUpa siddha nahIM ho paataa|' isakA sIdhA tAtparya yaha nikalatA hai ki 'vastu anekAntarUpa hai, usameM anantadharma haiM / ataH use kisI ekarUpameM nahIM kahA jA sktaa|' anekAntadarzanakI bhUmikA bhI yahI hai ki vastu mUlataH anantadharmAtmaka hai, usakA pUrNarUpa anirvacanIya hai, ata. usakA eka-eka dharmase kathana karate samaya syAdvAda-paddhatikA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye, anyathA tattvopaplavavAdIke dvArA diye gaye dUSaNa aayeNge| yadi inhoMne vastuke

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syAdvAda 417 vidheyAtmaka rUpapara dhyAna diyA hotA, to ve svayaM anantadharmAtmaka svarUpapara pahu~ca hI jaate| zabdoMkI ekadharmavAcaka sAmarthyake kAraNa jo ulajhana utpanna hotI hai usake nibaTArekA mArga hai syaadvaad| hamArA pratyeka kathana sApekSa honA cAhie aura use sunizcita vivakSA yA dRSTikoNakA spaSTa pratipAdana karanA caahiye| zrIvyomaziva aura anekantavAda : AcArya vyomaziva prazastapAdabhASyake prAcIna TIkAkAra haiN| ve anekAntajJAnako mithyArUpa kahate samaya vyomavatI TIkA ( pR0 20 Ga) meM vahI purAnI virodhavAlI dalIla dete haiM ki "ekadharmImeM vidhi-pratiSedharUpa do virodhI dharmoMkI sambhAvanA nahIM hai / muktimeM bhI anekAnta laganese vahI mukta bhI hogA aura vahI saMsArI bhii| isI taraha anekAntameM anekAnta mAnanese anavasthA dUSaNa AtA hai|" unheM socanA cAhiye ki jisa prakAra eka citra-avayavImeM citrarUpa eka hokara bhI aneka AkAravAlA hotA hai, eka hI pRthivItvAdi aparasAmAnya svavyaktiyoMmeM anugata honeke kAraNa sAmAnya hokara bhI jalAdise vyAvRtta honese vizeSa bhI kahA jAtA hai aura mecakaratna eka hokara bhI anekAkAra hotA hai, usI taraha eka hI dravya anekAntarUpa ho sakatA hai, usameM koI virodha nahIM hai| muktameM bhI anekAnta laga sakatA hai / eka hI AtmA, jo anAdise baddha thA, vahI karmabandhanase mukta huA hai, ataH usa AtmAko vartamAna paryAyakI dRSTise mukta tathA atItaparyAyoMkI dRSTise amukta kaha sakate haiM, isameM kyA virodha hai ? dravya to anAdi-ananta hotA hai| usameM traikAlika paryAyoMkI dRSTise aneka vyavahAra ho sakate haiN| mukta karmabandhanase huA hai, svasvarUpase to vaha sadA amukta ( svarUpasthita ) hI hai| anekAntameM bhI anekAnta lagatA hI hai / nayakI apekSA ekAnta hai aura pramANakI apekSA vastutattva anekAntarUpa hai / Atmasiddhi-prakaraNameM vyomazivAcArya AtmAko svasaMvedanapratyakSakA viSaya siddha karate haiN| isa prakaraNameM jaba yaha prazna huA ki 'AtmA to kartA hai vaha usI samaya saMvedanakA karma kaise ho sakatA hai ?' to inhoMne isakA samAdhAna anekAntakA Azraya lekara hI isa prakAra kiyA hai ki 'isameM koI virodha nahIM hai, lakSaNabhedase donoM rUpa ho sakate haiN| svataMtratvena vaha kartA hai 1. dekho, yahI grantha pR0 525 / 2. "athAtmanaH kartRtvAdekasmin kAle karmatvAsaMbhavenApratyakSatvam ; tanna; lakSaNabhedena tadupapatteH / tathAhi-jJAnacikIrSAdhAratvasya kartRlakSaNasyopapatteH kartRtvam, tadaiva ca kriyayA vyApyatvopalabdheH karmatvaM ceti na doSaH, lakSaNatantratvAd vastuvyavasthAyAH / " -praza0 vyo0 pR0 362 / 27

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418 jainadarzana * aura jJAnakA viSaya honese karma hai|' avirodhI aneka dharma mAnanemeM to inheM koI sIdhA virodha hai hI nhiiN| zrIbhAskara bhaTTa aura syAdvAda: brahmasUtrake bhASyakAroMmeM bhAskara bhaTTa bhedAbhedavAdI mAne jAte haiM / inane apane bhASyameM zaMkarAcAryakA khaNDana kiyA hai| kintu "naikasminnasambhavAt" sUtrameM ArhatamatakI samIkSA karate samaya ye svayaM bhedAbhedavAdI hokara bhI zaMkarAcAryakA anusaraNa karake saptabhaMgImeM virodha aura anavadhAraNa nAmake dUSaNa dete haiM / ve kahate haiM ki "saba anekAntarUpa hai, aisA nizcaya karate ho yA nahIM ? yadi hA~, to yaha ekAnta ho gayA, aura yadi nahIM; to nizcaya bhI anizcayarUpa honese nizcaya nahIM raha jaaygaa| ata: aise zAstrake praNetA tIrthaGkara unmattatulya haiN|" Azcarya hotA hai isa anUThe vivekapara ! jo svayaM jagaha-jagaha bhedAbhedAtmaka tattvakA samarthana usI paddhatise karate haiM jisa paddhatisa jaina, ve hI anekAntakA khaNDana karate samaya saba bhUla jAte haiN| maiM pahale likha cukA hU~ ki syAdvAdakA pratyeka bhaGga apane dRSTikoNase sunizcita hai| anekAnta bhI pramANadRSTise ( samagradRSTise ) anekAntarUpa hai aura nayadRSTise ekAntarUpa hai / isameM anizcaya yA anavadhAraNakI kyA bAta hai ? eka strI apekSAbhedase 'mAtA bhI hai aura patnI bhI, vaha ubhayAtmaka hai' isameM usa kutarkIko kyA kahA jAya, jo yaha kahatA hai ki 'usakA ekarUpa nizcita kIjiye-yA to mAtA kahiye yA phira patnI ?' jaba hama usakA ubhayAtmakarUpa nizcitarUpase kaha rahe haiM, taba yaha kahanA ki 'ubhayAtmakarUpa bhI ubhayAtmaka honA cAhiye; yAnI 'hama nizcita rUpase ubhayAtmaka nahIM kaha skte| usakA sIdhA uttara hai ki vaha strI ubhayAtmaka hai, ekAtmaka nahIM' isa rUpase ubhayAtmakatAmeM bhI ubhayAtmakatA hai| padArthakA pratyeka aMza aura usako grahaNa karanevAlA naya apanemeM sunizcita hotA hai| aba bhAskara-bhASya'kA yaha zaMkA samAdhAna dekhieprazna-'bheda aura abhedameM' to virodha hai ? uttara-yaha pramANa aura prameyatattvako na samajhanevAlekI zaMkA hai !......"jo vastu pramANase jisa rUpameM paricchinna ho, vaha usI rUpa hai ! gau, azva Adi 1. "yadapyuktaM bhedAbhedayovirodha iti; tadabhidhIyate, anirUpitapramANaprameyatatvasyedaM codyam / ..... yatpramANaiH paricchinnamaviruddhaM hi tttthaa| vastujAtaM gavAzvAdi bhinnAbhinnaM pratIyate |"-bhaaskrbhaa0 pR0 16 /

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syAdvAda 419 samasta padArtha bhinnAbhinna hI pratIta hote haiM ! ve Age likhate haiM ki sarvathA abhinna yA bhinna padArtha koI dikhA nahIM sktaa| sattA, jJeyatva aura dravyatvAdi sAmAnyarUpase saba abhinna haiM aura vyaktirUpase paraspara vilakSaNa honeke kAraNa bhinna / jaba ubhayAtmaka vastu pratIta ho rahI hai, taba virodha kaisA ? virodha yA avirodha pramANase hI to vyavasthApita kiye jAte haiM / yadi pratItike balase ekarUpatA nizcita kI jAtI hai to dvirUpatA bhI jaba pratIta hotI hai to use bhI mAnanA cAhiye / 'ekako ekarUpa hI honA cAhiye' yaha koI IzvarAjJA nahIM hai| prazna-zIta aura uSNasparzakI taraha bheda aura abhedameM virodha kyoM nahIM hai ? ___ uttara-yaha ApakI buddhikA doSa hai, vastumeM koI virodha nahIM hai ? chAyA aura AtapakI taraha sahAnavasthAna virodha tathA zIta aura uSNakI taraha bhinnadezavartitvarUpa virodha kAraNabrahma tathA kAryaprapaMcameM nahIM ho sakatA; kyoMki vaha hI utpanna hotA hai, vahI avasthita hai aura vahI pralaya hotA hai| yadi virodha hotA, to ye tInoM nahIM bana sakate the| agnise aMkurakI utpatti AdirUpase kAryakAraNasambandha to nahIM dekhA jaataa| kAraNabhUta miTTI aura suvarNa Adise hI tajjanya kArya sarvadA anusyUta dekhe jAte haiM / ataH A~kheM banda karake jo yaha paraspara asaMgatirUpa virodha kahA jAtA hai vaha yA to buddhi-viparyAsake kAraNa kahA jAtA hai yA phira prArambhika zrotriyake kAnoMko Thaganeke lie / zIta aura uSNa sparza hamezA bhinna AdhArameM rahate haiM, unameM na to kabhI utpAdya-utpAdaka sambandha rahA hai aura na AdhArAdheyabhAva hI, ataH unameM virodha ho sakatA hai| ataH 'zItoSNavat' yaha dRSTAnta ucita nahIM hai / zaMkAkAra bar3I pragalbhatAse kahatA hai ki- zaMkA-'yaha sthANu hai yA puruSa' isa saMzayajJAnakI taraha bhedAbhedajJAna apramANa kyoM nahIM hai ? uttara-parasparaparihAravAloMkA hI saha avasthAna nahIM ho sktaa| saMzayajJAnameM kisI bhI prameyakA nizcaya nahIM hotA, ataH vaha apramANa hai| kintu yahA~ to miTTI, suvarNa Adi kAraNa pUrvasiddha haiM, unase bAdameM utpanna honevAlA kArya tadAzrita hI utpanna hotA hai| kArya kAraNake samAna hI hotA hai| kAraNakA svarUpa naSTakara bhinna deza yA bhinna kAlameM kArya nahIM hotaa| ataH prapaJcako mithyA kahanA ucita nahIM hai| kisI puruSakI apekSA vastumeM satyatA nahIM A~kI jA sakatI ki 'mumukSuoMke liye prapaJca asatya hai aura itara vyaktiyoMke liye satya hai / ' rUpako andheke liye asatya aura A~khavAleko satya nahIM kaha sakate / padArtha puruSakI

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420 jainadarzana icchAnusAra satya yA asatya nahIM hote| sUrya stuti karanevAle aura nindA karane vAle donoMko hI to tapAtA hai| yadi mumukSuoMke liye prapaJca mithyA ho aura anyake lie tathya; to eka sAtha tathya aura mithyAtvakA prasaMga hotA hai|......."atH brahmako bhinnAbhinna rUpa mAnanA cAhiye / kahA bhI hai___ "kAryarUpase aneka aura kAraNarUpase eka haiM, jaise ki kuMDala Adi paryAyoMse bheda aura suvarNarUpase abheda hotA hai|" isa taraha brahma aura prapaJcake bhedAbhedakA samarthana karanevAle AcArya jo ekAntavAdiyoMko 'prajJAparAdha, anirUpitapramANaprameya' Adi vicitra vizeSaNoMse sambodhita karate haiM, ve svayaM digambara-vivasana matakA khaMDana karate samaya kaise ina vizeSaNoMse baca sakate haiM ? pR0 103 meM phira brahmake eka hone para bhI jIva aura prAjJake bhedakA samarthana karate hue likhA hai ki "jisa prakAra pRthivItva samAna hone para bhI padmarAga tathA kSudra pASANa AdikA paraspara bheda dekhA jAtA hai usI taraha brahma aura jIvaprAjJameM bhI samajhanA cAhiye / isameM koI virodha nahIM hai|" pR0 164 meM phira brahmake bhedAbheda rUpake samarthanakA siddhAnta duharAyA gayA hai| maiMne yahA~ jo bhAskarAcAryake brahmaviSayaka bhedAbhedakA prakaraNa upasthita kiyA hai, usakA itanA hI tAtparya hai ki 'bheda aura abhedameM paraspara virodha nahIM hai, eka vastu ubhayAtmaka ho sakatI hai' yaha bAta bhAskarAcAryako siddhAntarUpameM iSTa hai / unakA 'brahmako sarvathA nitya svIkAra karake aisA mAnanA ucita ho sakatA hai yA nahIM ?' yaha prazna yahA~ vicAraNIya nahIM hai| jo koI bhI taTastha vyakti uparyukta bhedAbhedaviSayaka zaMkA-samAdhAnake sAtha-hI-sAtha inake dvArA kiye gaye jainamatake khaMDanako par3hegA, vaha matAsahiSNutAke svarUpako sahaja hI samajha sakegA ! yaha bar3e AzcaryakI bAta hai ki syAdvAdake bhaMgoMko ye AcArya 'anizcaya'ke khAte meM turaMta khatayA dete haiM ! aura 'mokSa hai bhI nahIM bhI' kahakara apravRttikA dUSaNa de baiThate hai aura dUsaroMko unmatta taka kaha dete haiM ! bhedAbhedAtmakatattvake samarthanakA vaijJAnika prakAra isa tattvake draSTA jaina AcAryoMse hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| yaha pariNAmI nitya padArthameM hI saMbhava hai, sarvathA nitya yA sarvathA anityameM nahIM; kyoMki dravya svayaM tAdAtmya hotA hai, ataH paryAyase abhinna honeke kAraNa dravya svayaM anitya hotA huA bhI apanI anAdyananta avicchinna dhArAkI apekSA dhruva yA nitya hotA hai| ataH bhedAbhedAtmaka yA ubhayAtmaka tattvakI jo prakriyA, svarUpa aura samajhane-samajhAnekI paddhati Arhata darzanameM vyavasthita rUpase pAI jAtI hai, vaha anyatra durlabha hI hai|

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syAdvAda 421 zrovijJAnabhikSu aura syAvAda : brahmasUtrake vijJAnAmRta bhASyameM digambaroM ke syAdvAdako avyavasthita batAte hue likhA hai ki "prakArabhedake binA do viruddha dharma eka sAtha nahIM raha skte| yadi prakArabheda mAnA jAtA hai, to vijJAnabhikSujI kahate haiM ki hamArA hI mata ho gayA aura usameM saba vyavasthA bana jAtI hai, ataH Apa avyavasthita tattva kyoM mAnate haiM ?'' kintu syAdvAda siddhAntameM apekSAbhedase prakArabhedakA asvIkAra kahA~ hai ? syAdvAdakA pratyeka bhaMga apane nizcita dRSTikoNase usa dharmakA avadhAraNa karake bhI vastuke anya dharmoMkI upekSA nahIM hone detaa| eka nirvikAra brahmameM paramArthataH prakArabheda kaise bana sakate haiM ? anekAntavAda to vastumeM svabhAvasiddha anantadharma mAnatA hai / usameM avyavasthAkA lezamAtra nahIM hai / una dharmoMkA vibhinna dRSTikoNoMse mAtra varNana hotA hai, svarUpa to unakA svataHsiddha hai| prakArabhedase kahIM eka sAtha do dharmoke mAna lenese hI vyavasthAkA ThekA nahIM liyA jA sktaa| anekAntatattvakI bhUmikA hI samasta virodhoMkA avirodhI AdhAra ho sakatI hai| zrIzrIkaNTha aura anekAntavAda : zrIkaNThAcArya apane zrIkaNThabhASyameM usI purAno virodhavAlI dalIlako duharAte hue kahate haiM ki "jaise piMDa, ghaTa aura kapAla avasthAe~ eka sAtha nahIM ho sakatIM, usI taraha astitva aura nAstitva Adi dharma bhii|" parantu eka dravyakI kAlakramase honevAlI paryAyeM yugapat sambhava na hoM, to na sahI, para jisa samaya ghar3A svacatuSTayase 'sat' hai usI samaya use paTAdikI apekSA 'asat' hone meM kyA virodha hai ? piMDa, ghaTa aura kapAla paryAyoMke rUpase jo pudgalANu pariNata hoMge, una aNudravyoM kI dRSTise atItakA saMskAra aura bhaviSyakI yogyatA vartamAnaparyAyavAle dravyameM to hai hii| Apa 'syAt' zabdako ISadarthaka mAnate haiN| para 'ISat'se syAdvAdakA abhidheya ThIka pratiphalita nahIM hotaa| 'syAt'kA vAcyArtha 1. apare vedabAhyA digambarA ekasminneva padArthe bhAvAbhAvau manyante sarva vastvavyavasthitameva syAdasti syAnnAsti.. atredamucyate; na; ekasmin yathoktabhAvAbhAvAdirUpatvamapi / kutaH ? asambhavAt / prakArabhedaM binA viruddhayorekadA shaavsthaansNsthaanaasmbhvaat| prakArabhedAbhyupagame vAsmanmatapravezena sarvaiva vyavasthAsti kathamavyavasthitaM jagadabhyugamyate bhavadbhirityarthaH |"-vijnyaanaamRtbhaa0 2 / 2 / 33 / 2. "jainA hi saptabhaGgInyAyena 'syAcchabda iissdrthH| etadayuktam ; kutaH ? ekasmin vastuni sattvAsattvanityatvAnityatvabhedAbhedAdInAmasaMbhavAt / paryAyabhAvinazca dravyasyAstitvanAstitvAdizabdabuddhiviSayAH parasparaviruddhAH piNDatvaghaTatvakapAlavAdyavasthAvat yugapanna saMbhavanti / ato viruddha eva jainvaadH|"-shriiknntthbhaa0 2 / 2 / 33 /

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422 jainadarzana hai-'sunizcita dRSTikoNa / ' zrIkaNThabhASyakI TIkAmeM zrIappayyadIkSita'ko deza kAla aura svarUpa Adi apekSAbhedase aneka dharma svIkAra karanA acchA lagatA hai aura 'apekSAbhedase aneka dharma svIkAra karane meM laukika aura parIkSakoMko koI vivAda nahIM ho sktaa|' yaha bhI ve mAnate hai, parantu phira hicakakara kahate haiM ki 'saptabhaMgIkA yaha svarUpa jainoMko iSTa nahIM hai|' ve yaha Aropa karate haiM ki 'syAdvAdI to apekSAbhedase aneka dharma nahIM mAnate kintu binA apekSAke hI aneka dharma mAnate haiM / ' Azcarya hai ki ve AcArya anantavIrya kRta "tadvidhAnavivakSAyAM syAdastIti gatirbhavet / syAnnAstIti prayogaH syAttAnnaSedhe vivakSite / / " ___ ityAdi kArikAoMko uddhRta bhI karate haiM aura syAdvAdiyoMpara yaha Aropa bhI karate jAte haiM ki 'syAdvAdI binA apekSAke hI saba dharma mAnate haiN|' ina spaSTa pramANoMke hote hue bhI ye kahate haiM ki 'dUsaroMke gale utAraneke lie jaina loga apekSArUpI gur3a caTA dete haiM, vastutaH ve apekSA mAnate nahIM haiM, ve to nirupAdhi sattva aura asattva mAnanA cAhate haiN|' isa mithyA Aropake liye kyA kahA jAya ? aura isI AdhArapara ve kahate haiM ki 'strImeM mAtA' patnI Adi ApekSika vyavahAra na honese syAdvAdameM loka-virodha hogaa|' bhalA, jo dUSaNa syAdvAdI ekAntavAdiyoMko dete haiM ve hI dUSaNa jainoMko jabaradastI diye jA rahe haiM, isa andherakA 1. "yayevaM pAribhASiko'yaM saptabhaGgInayaH svIkriyata eva / ghaTAdiH svadeze'sti anyadeze nAsti, svakAle'sti anyakAle nAsti, svAtmanA asti anyAtmanA nAsti, iti dezakAlapratiyogirUpopAdhibhedena sattvAsattvasamAveze laukikaparIkSakANAM vipratipattyasaMbhavAt / na caitAvatA parAbhimataM vastvanaikAntyamApadyate--svakAle sadeva, anyakAle asadeva ityAdi niyamasya bhaGgAbhAvAt / sa deza iha nAsti, sa kAla idAnIM nAstItyAdipratItau dezakAlAdyupAdhyantarAbhAvAt , tatrApyupAdhyantarApekSaNe'navasthAnAt / itarAn aGgIkArayitu paraM guDajihikAnyAyena dezakAlAdhupAdhibhedamantarbhAvya sattvAsattvapratItirupanyasyate / vastuto vimRzyamAnA sA nirupa dhikaiva sattvAsattvAdisaMkare pramANam / ata eva syAdvAdinA 'ghaTo'sti ghaTo nAsti paTaH san paTo'san' ityAdi pratyakSapratItimeva sattvAsatvAdyanaikAntye pramANamupagacchanti,... parasparaviruddhadharmasamAveze sarvAnubhavasiddhastAvadupAdhibhedo nApahnotuM shkyte| lokamaryAdAmanatikramamANena dezakAlAdisattvaniSedhe'pi dezakAlAdhupAdhyavacchedaH anubhUyata eva / ihAtmAzrayaH, parasparAzrayaH, anavasthA vA na doSaH, yathA prameyatvAbhidheyatvAdivRttI, yathA ca bIjAGkurAdikAryakAraNabhAve viruddhdhrmsmaaveshe| sarvathopAdhibhedaM pratyAcakSANasya cAyamasyAH putraH, asyAH patiH, asyAH pitA, asyAzzvasura ityAdivyavasthApi na siddhayediti kathaM tatra tatra syAdvAde mAtRtvAdhucitavyavahArAn vyavasthayA'nutiSThet / tasmAt sarva. . bahiSkAryo'yamanekAntavAdaH |"-shriiknntthmaa0 TI0 pR0 103 /

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sthAdvAda 423 koI ThikAnA hai ! jainoMke saMkhyAbaddha grantha isa syAdvAda aura saptabhaGgIkI vividha apekSAoMse bhare par3e haiM aura isakA vaijJAnika vivecana bhI vahIM milatA hai| phira bhI unhIMke matthe ye saba dUSaNa mar3he jA rahe haiM aura yahA~ taka likhA jA rahA hai ki yaha lokavirodhI syAdvAda sarvataH bahiSkArya hai ! kimAzcaryamataH param !! isakI lokavirodhitA AdikI siddhike liye isa 'syAdvAda aura saptabhatI' prakaraNameM paryApta likhA gayA hai / zrIrAmAnujAcArya aura syAdvAda : zrI rAmAnujAcArya bhI syAdvAdameM usI taraha nirupAdhi yA nirapekSa sattvAsattvakA Aropa karake virodha dUSaNa dete haiN| ve syAdvAdiyoMko samajhAnekA sAhasa karate haiM ki "Apa loga prakArabhedase dharmabheda mAniye / " goyA syAdvAdI apekSAbhedako nahIM samajhate hoM, yA eka hI dRSTise vibhinna dharmoMkA sadbhAva mAnate hoN| apekSAbheda, upAdhibheda yA prakArabhedake AviSkAraka AcAryoMko unhIMkA upadeza denA kahA~ taka zobhA detA hai ? syAdvAdakA to AdhAra hI yaha hai ki vibhinna dRSTikoNoMse aneka dharmoko svIkAra karanA aura khnaa| saca pUchA jAya to syAdvAdakA AzrayaNa kiye binA ye viziSTAdvaitatAkA nirvAha nahIM kara sakate haiM / zrIvallabhAcArya aura syAdvAda : zrIvallabhAcArya bhI vivasana-samayameM prAcIna paramparAke anusAra virodha dUSaNa hI upasthita karate haiN| ve kahanA cAhate haiM ki "vastutaH viruddhadharmAntaratva brahmameM hI pramANasiddha ho sakatA hai / " 'syAt' zabdakA artha inhoMne 'abhISTa' kiyA hai| Azcarya to yaha hai ki brahmako nirvikAra mAnakara bhI ye usameM ubhayarUpatA vAstavika mAnanA cAhate haiM aura jisa syAdvAdameM viruddha dharmoMko vastutaH sApekSa sthiti banatI hai usameM virodha dUSaNa dete haiM ! brahmako avikArI kahakara bhI ye usakA jagatke rUpase pariNamana kahate haiM / kuMDala, kaTaka Adi AkAroMmeM pariNata 1. "dravyasya tadvizeSaNabhUtaparyAyazabdAbhidheyAvasthAvizeSaraya ca 'idamittham' iti pratIteH, prakAriprakAratayA pRthak padArthatvAt naikasmin viruddhaprakArabhUtasatvAsattvasvarUpadharmasamAvezo yugapat saMbhavati"ekasya pRthivIdravyasya ghaTatvAzrayatvaM zarAvatvAzrayatvaM ca pradezabhedena na tvekena pradezenobhayAzrayatvaM, yathaikasya devadattasya utpattivinAzayogyatvaM kAlabhedena / na hyetAvatA dvayAtmakatvamapi tu pariNAmazaktiyogamAtram / " -vedAntadIpa pR0 111-12 / 2. 'te hi antaniSThAH prapaJce udAsInAH saptavibhaktIH parecchayA vadanti / syAcchabdo'bhISTa vacanaH / tadvirodhenAsambhavAdayuktam |'-annubhaa0 2 / 2 / 33 / /

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424 jainadarzana hokara bhI suvarNako avikArI mAnanA inhIM kI pramANapaddhatimeM hai / bhalA suvarNa jaba paryAyoMko dhAraNa karatA hai taba vaha avikArI kaise raha sakatA hai ? pUrvarUpakA tyAga kiye binA uttarakA upAdAna kaise ho sakatA hai ? 'brahmako jaba ramaNa karanekI icchA hotI hai taba ve apane Ananda Adi guNoMkA tirobhAva karake jIvAdirUpase pariNata hote haiN|' yaha AvirbhAva aura tirobhAva bhI pUrvarUpakA tyAga aura uttarake upAdAnakA hI vivecana hai / ataH inakA syAdvAdameM dUSaNa denA bhI anucita hai| zrInimbArkAcArya aura anekAntavAda : brahmasUtrake bhASyakAroM meM nimbArkAcArga svabhAvataH bhedAbhedavAdI haiM / ve svarUpase cit, acit aura brahmapadArthame dvaita zrutiyoM ke AdhArase bheda mAnate haiM / kintu cit, acitkI sthiti aura pravRtti brahmAdhIna ho honese ve brahmase abhinna haiM / jaise patra, puSpAdi svarUpase bhinna hokara bhI vRkSase pRthak pravRttyAdi nahIM karate, ataH vRkSase abhinna haiM, usI taraha jagat aura brahmakA bhedAbheda svAbhAvika hai, yahI zruti, smRti aura sUtrase samarthita hotA hai / isa taraha ye svAbhAvika bhedAbhedavAdI hokara bhI jainoMke anekAntameM sattva aura asattva do dharmoko virodhadoSake bhayase nahIM mAnanA cAhate', yaha bar3e AzcaryakI bAta hai ! jaba isake TIkAkAra zrInivAsAcAryase prazna kiyA gayA ki 'Apa bhI to brahmameM bhedAbheda mAnate ho, usameM virodha kyoM nahIM AtA ? to ve bar3I zraddhAse uttara dete haiM ki 'hamArA mAnanA yaktise nahIM hai, kintu brahmake bhedAbhedakA nirNaya zrutimeM hI ho jAtA hai|' yAnI zrutise yadi bhedAbhedakA pratipAdana hotA hai, to ye mAnaneko taiyAra haiM, para yadi vahI bAta koI yuktise siddha karatA hai, to usameM inheM virodhakI gandha AtI hai| padArthake svarUpake nirNayameM lAghava aura gauravakA prazna uThAnA anucita hai, jaise ki eka brahmako kAraNa mAnane meM lAghava hai aura aneka paramANuoMko kAraNa mAnane meM gaurava / vastukI vyavasthA pratItise kI jAnI cAhiye / 'aneka samAna svabhAvavAle 1. "jainA vastumAtram astitva-nAstitvAdinA viruddhadharmadvayaM yojayanti; tannopapadyate; ekasmin vastuni sattvAsattvAdeviruddhadharmasya chAyAtapavat yugapadasaMbhavAt " --brahmasU0 ni0 bhA0 2 / 2 / 33 / 2. "nanu bhavanmate'pi ekasmin dharmiNi viruddhadharmadvayAGgIkAro'sti, tathA sarva khalvidaM brahma ityAdipu ekatvaM pratipAdyate / pradhAnakSetrajJapatirguNezaH dvAsuparNA ityAdAkanekatvaJca pratipAdyate, iti cet ; na; asyArthasya yuktimUlatvAbhAvAt, zrutibhireva parasparAvirodhena yathArtha nirNItatvAt 'itthaM jagadbrahmaNobhedAbhedau svAbhAviko zrutismRtisUtrasAdhitau bhavataH, ko'tra virodhH|"--nimbaarkmaa0 TI0 2,2 / 33 /

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syAdvAda 425 siddhoMko svatantra mAnane meM gaurava hai aura eka siddha mAnakara usIkI upAsanA karane lAghava hai' yaha kutarka bhI isI prakArakA hai; kyoMki vastusvarUpakA nirNaya suvidhA aura asuvidhAkI dRSTise nahIM hotaa| phira jainamatameM upAsanAkA prayojana siddhoMko khuza karanA nahIM hai, ve to vItarAga siddha haiM, unakA prasAda upAsanAkA sAdhya nahIM hai; kintu prArambhika avasyA meM cittameM AtmAke zuddhatama Adarza rUpakA Alambana lekara upAsanAvidhi prArambha kI jAtI hai, jo AgekI dhyAnAdi avasthAoM meM apane Apa chUTa jAtI hai| bhedAbheda-vicAra : 'aneka dRSTiyoMse vastusvarUpakA vicAra karanA' yaha anekAntakA sAmAnya svarUpa hai| bha0 mahAvIra aura buddha ke samayameM hI nahIM, kintu usase pahale bhI vastusvarUpako aneka dRSTiyoMse varNana karanekI paramparA thii| RgvedakA 'ekaM sadviprA bahadhA vadanti' (2 / 3 / 23,46) yaha vAkya isI abhiprAyako sUcita karatA hai| buddha vibhajyavAdI the| ve praznoMkA uttara ekAMzameM 'hA~' yA 'nA' meM na dekara anekAMzika rUpase dete the| jina praznoMko unane avyAkRta kahA hai unheM anekAMzika' bhI kahA hai| jo vyAkaraNIya haiM, unheM 'ekAMzika-arthAt sunizcitarUpase jinakA uttara ho sakatA hai', kahA hai, jaise duHkha Aryasatya hai hii| buddhane praznavyAkaraNa cAra prakArakA batAyA hai-( dIghani0 33 saMgItipariyAya ) ekAMzavyAkaraNa, pratipRcchA vyAkaraNIya prazna, vibhajya vyAkaraNIya prazna aura sthApanIya prazna / ina cAra praznavyAkaraNoMmeM vibhajyavyAkaraNIya praznameM eka hI vastukA vibhAga karake usakA aneka dRSTiyoMse varNana kiyA jAtA hai| bAdarAyaNake brahmasUtrameM (1 / 4 / 20-21) AcArya Azmarathya aura auDulomikA mata AtA hai| ye bhedAbhedavAdI the, brahma tathA jIvameM bhedAbhedakA samarthana karate the| zaMkarAcAryane bRhadAraNyakabhASya ( 2 / 3 / 6) meM bhedAbhedavAdI bhartRprapaJcake matakA khaMDana kiyA hai| ye brahma aura jagatmeM vAstavika ekatva aura nAnAtva mAnate the| zaMkarAcAryake bAda bhAskarAcArya to bhedAbhedavAdIke rUpameM prasiddha hI haiN| __sAMkhya prakRtiko pariNAmI nitya mAnate haiN| vaha kAraNarUpase eka hokara bhI apane vikAroMkI dRSTi se aneka hai, nitya hokara bhI anitya hai / 1. "katame ca poTTapAda mayA anekasikA dhammA desitA paJattA ? sassatA loko tti vA poTTapAda mayA anekasiko dhammo desito pnyjtto| asassato lokotti kho poTThapAda mayA anekasiko'.."--dIghani0 poTThapAdasutta /

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426 jainadarzana yogazAstrameM isI taraha pariNAmavAdakA samarthana hai| pariNAmakA lakSaNa bhI yogabhASya ( 3 / 13 ) meM anekAntarUpase hI kiyA hai| yathA-'avasthitasya dravyasya pUrvadharmanivRttau dharmAntarotpattiH pariNAmaH / ' arthAt sthiradravyake pUrvadharmakI nivRtti honepara nUtana dharmakI utpatti honA pariNAma hai| ____ bhaTTa kumArila to AtmavAda' (zlo0 28) meM AtmAkA vyAvRtti aura anugama ubhaya rUpase samarthana karate haiM / ve likhate haiM ki 'yadi AtmAkA atyanta nAza mAnA jAtA hai to kRtanAza aura akRtAgama dUSaNa AtA hai aura yadi use ekarUpa mAnA jAtA hai to sukha-duHkha AdikA upabhoga nahIM bana sktaa| avasthAe~ svarUpase paraspara virodhI haiM, phira bhI unameM eka sAmAnya avirodhI rUpa bhI hai| isa taraha AtmA ubhayAtmaka hai|" ( AtmavAda zlo0 23-30 ) / AcArya hemacandrane bItarAgastotra (818-10) meM bahuta sundara likhA hai ki "vijJAnasyaikamAkAraM nAnAkArakarambitam / icchastathAgataH prAjJo nAnekAntaM pratikSipet // 8 // " arthAt eka jJAnako anekAkAra mAnanevAle samajhadAra bauddhoMko anekAntakA pratikSepa nahIM karanA cAhiye / citramekamanekaM ca rUpaM prAmANikaM vadan / yogo vaizeSiko vApi nAnekAntaM pratikSipet // 9 // " arthAt aneka AkAravAle eka citrarUpako mAnanevAle naiyAyika aura vaizeSikako anekAntakA pratikSepa nahIM karanA cAhiye / "icchan pradhAnaM sattvAdyeviruddhaigumphitaM gunnaiH| sAMkhyaH saMkhyAvatAM mukhyo nAnekAntaM pratikSipet // 10 // " arthAt eka pradhAna ( prakRti ) ko sattva, raja aura tama ina tIna guNoMvAlI mAnanevAle samajhadAra sAMkhyako anekAntakA pratikSepa nahIM karanA caahiye| ___ isa taraha sAmAnyarUpase brAhmaNaparasparA, sAMkhya-yoga aura bauddhoMmeM bhI aneka dRSTise vastuvicArakI paramparA hone para bhI kyA kAraNa hai jo anekAntavAdIke rUpameM jainoMkA hI ullekha vizeSa rUpase huA hai aura ve hI isa zabdake dvArA pahicAne jAte haiM ? 1. "dvayI ceyaM nityatA-kUTasthanityatA, pariNAminityatA c| tatra kUTasthanityatA puruSasya, pariNAminityatA guNAnAm |"--yogd0 vyAsabhA0 1 / 4 / 33 / 2. tasmAdubhayahAnena vyAvRtyanugamAtmakaH / / puruSo'bhyupagantavyaH kuNDalAdiSu sarpavat ||18||"-mo0 zlo0 /

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sthAdvAda 427 isakA khAsa kAraNa hai ki 'vedAnta paramparAmeM jo bhedakA ullekha huA hai, vaha aupacArika yA upAdhinimittaka hai / bheda hone para bhI ve brahmako nirvikAra hI kahanA cAhate haiN| sAMkhyake pariNAmavAdameM vaha pariNAma avasthA yA dharma taka hI sImita hai, prakRti to nitya banI rahatI hai| kumArila bhedAbhedAtmaka kahakara bhI dravyakI nityatAko chor3anA nahIM cAhate, ve AtmAmeM bhale hI isa prakriyAko lagA gaye haiM, para zabdake nityatvake prasaMgameM to unane usakI ekAnta-nityatAkA hI samarthana kiyA hai / ataH anya matoMmeM jo anekAntadRSTikA kahIM-kahIM avasara pAkara ullekha huA hai usake pIche tAttvikaniSThA nahIM hai| para jaina tattvajJAnakI to yaha AdhAra-zilA hai aura pratyeka padArthake pratyeka svarUpake vivecanameM isakA nirapavAda upayoga huA hai| inane dravyArthika aura paryAyAthika donoMko samAnarUpase vAstavika mAnA hai / inakA anityatva kevala paryAya taka hI sImita nahIM hai kintu usase abhinna dravya bhI svayaM tadrUpase pariNata hotA hai| paryAyoMko chor3akara dravya koI bhinna padArtha nahIM hai / 'syAdvAda aura anekAntadRSTikA kahA~ kaise upayoga karanA' isI viSaya para jainadarzanameM anekoM grantha bane haiM aura usakI sunizcita vaijJAnika paddhati sthira kI gaI hai, jaba ki anya matoMmeM isakA kevala sAmayika upayoga hI huA hai / balki isa gaThabaMdhanase jainadRSTikA viparyAsa hI huA hai aura usake khaMDanameM usake svarUpako anya matoMke svarUpake sAtha milAkara eka ajIba guTAlA ho gayA hai| 'bauddha granthoMmeM bhedAbhedAtmakatAke khaMDanake prasaMgameM jaina aura jaiminikA eka sAtha ullekha hai tathA vipra, nirgrantha aura kApilakA eka hI rUpameM nirdeza haA hai| jaina aura jaiminikA abhAva padArthaka viSayameM dRSTikoNa milatA hai, kyoMki kumArila bhI bhAvAntararUpa hI abhAva mAnate haiN| para itane mAtrase anekAntakI virAsatakA sArvatrika nirvAha karane vAloMmeM unakA nAma nahIM likhA jA sktaa| ___sAMkhyakI prakRti to eka aura nitya banI rahatI hai aura pariNamana mahadAdi vikAroM taka sImita hai| isaliye dharmakotikA dahI aura U~Ta meM eka prakRtiko daSTise abhedaprasaMgakA dUSaNa jama jAtA hai, parantu yaha dUSaNa anekadravyavAdI jainoMpara lAgU nahIM hotaa| kintu dUSaNa denevAle itanA viveka to nahIM karate, ve to sarasarI taurase paramatako ukhAr3anekI dhunameM eka hI jhapaTTA mArate haiM / 1. tena yaduktaM jainajaiminIyaiH-sarvAtmakamekaM syAdanyApohavyatikrame / " -pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 pR0 143 / "ko nAmAtizayaH proktaH viprnirgrnthkaapilaiH|" -tattvasaM0 zlo0 1776 /

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428 jainadarzana tattvasaMgrahakArane jo vipra, nirgrantha aura kApiloMko eka hI sAtha khader3a diyA hai, vaha bhI isa aMzameM ki kalpanAracita vicitra dharma tInoM svIkAra karate haiN| kintu nirgranthaparamparAmeM dharmokI sthiti to svAbhAvika hai, unakA vyavahAra kevala parApekSa hotA hai| jaise eka ho puruSameM pitRtva aura putratva dharma svAbhAvika hai, kintu pitRvyavahAra apane putrakI apekSA hotA hai tathA putravyavahAra apane pitAkI dRSTise / eka hI dharmImeM vibhinna apekSAoMse do viruddha vyavahAra kiye jA sakate haiN| isI taraha vedAntake AcAryoMne jainatattvakA viparyAsa karake yaha mAna liyA ki jainakA dravya nitya ( kUTasthanitya ) banA rahatA hai, kevala paryAyeM anitya hotI haiM, aura phira virodhakA dUSaNa de diyA hai| sattva aura asattva ko yA to apekSAbhedake binA mAne hue Aropita kara, dUSaNa diye gaye haiM yA phira sAmAnyatayA virodhakA khaDga calA diyA gayA hai| vedAnta bhASyoMmeM eka 'nitya siddha' jIva bhI mAnakara dUSaNa diye haiM / jaba ki jainadharma kisI bhI AtmAko nityasiddha nahIM mAnatA / saba AtmAe~ bandhanoMko kATakara hI sAdimukta hue haiM aura hoNge| saMzayAdi dUSaNoMkA uddhAra : upayukta vivecanase jJAta ho gayA hogA ki syAdvAdameM mukhyatayA virodha aura saMzaya ye do dUSaNa hI diye gaye haiM / tattvasaMgrahameM saMkara tathA zrIkaMThabhASyameM anavasthA dUSaNakA bhI nirdeza hai| parantu ATha dUSaNa eka hI sAtha kisI granthameM dekhaneko nahIM mile| dharmakIrti Adine virodha hI mukhyarUpase diyA hai| vastutaH dekhA jAya to virodha hI samasta dUSaNoMkA AdhAra hai|| jaina granthoM meM sarvaprathama akalaMkadevane saMzaya, virodha, vaiyadhikaraNya, saMkara, vyatikara, anavasthA, apratipatti aura abhAva ina ATha dUSaNoMkA parihAra pramANasaMgraha ( 10 103. ) aura aSTazatI ( aSTasaha0 pR0 206 ) meM kiyA hai| virodha dUSaNa to anupalambhake dvArA siddha hotA hai| jaba eka hI vastu utpAda-vyayadhrauvyarUpase tathA sadasadAtmaka rUpase pratItikA viSaya hai taba virodha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaise mecakaratna eka hokara bhI aneka raGgoMko yugapat dhAraNa karatA hai usI taraha pratyeka vastu virodhI aneka dharmoMko dhAraNa kara sakatI hai| jaise pRthivItvAdi aparasAmAnya svavyaktiyoMmeM anugata hone ke kAraNa sAmAnyarUpa hokara bhI jalAdise vyAvartaka honese vizeSa bhI haiM, usI taraha pratyeka vastu virodhI do dharmokA svabhAvataH AdhAra rahatI hai| jisa prakAra eka hI vRkSa eka zAkhAmeM calAtmaka tathA dUsarI zAkhAmeM acalAtmaka hotA hai, eka hI ghar3A mu~harepara lAlaraGgakA tathA peMdemeM kAle raGgakA hotA hai, eka pradezameM AvRta tathA dUsare pradezameM

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syAdvAda 429 anAvRta, eka dezase naSTa tathA dUsare dezase anaSTa raha sakatA hai, usI taraha pratyeka vastu ubhayAtmaka hotI hai| isameM virodhako koI avakAza nahIM hai| yadi eka hI dRSTise virodhI do dharma mAne jAte, to virodha hotaa| ___jaba donoM dharmokI apane dRSTikoNoMse sarvathA nizcita pratIti hotI hai, taba saMzaya kaise kahA jA sakatA hai ? saMzayakA AkAra to hotA hai-'vastu hai yA nahIM ?' parantu syAdvAdameM to dRr3ha nizcaya hotA hai 'vastu svarUpase hai hI, pararUpase nahIM hI hai|' samagra vastu ubhayAtmaka hai hii| calita pratItiko saMzaya kahate haiM, usakI dRr3ha nizcayameM sambhAvanA nahIM kI jA sktii| saMkara dUSaNa to taba hotA, jaba jisa dRSTikoNase sthiti mAnI jAtI hai usI dRSTikoNase utpAda aura vyaya bhI mAne jaate| donoMkI apekSAe~ judI-judI haiM / vastumeM do dharmoMkI to bAta hI kyA hai, ananta dharmokA saMkara ho rahA hai; kyoMki kisI bhI dharmakA judA-judA pradeza nahIM hai| eka hI akhaMDa vastu sabhI dharmoMkA avibhakta AmeDita AdhAra hai / sabako eka hI dRSTise yugapat prApti hotI, to saMkara dUSaNa hotA, para yahA~ apekSAbheda, dRSTibheda aura vivakSAbheda sunizcita hai| ___ vyatikara paraspara viSayagamanase hotA hai| yAnI jisa taraha vastu dravyakI dRSTise nitya hai to usakA paryAyakI dRSTise bhI nitya mAna lenA yA paryAyakI dRSTise anitya hai to dravyako dRSTise bhI anitya mAnanA / parantu jaba apekSAe~ nizcita haiM, dharmoM meM bheda hai, taba isa prakArake paraspara viSayagamanakA prazna hI nahIM hai| akhaMDa dharmIkI dRSTise to saMkara aura vyatikara dUSaNa nahIM, bhUSaNa hI haiM / isIliye vaiyadhikaraNyakI bAta bhI nahIM hai; kyoMki sabhI dharma eka hI AdhArameM pratIta hote haiM / ve eka AdhArameM honese hI eka nahIM ho sakate; kyoMki eka hI AkAzapradezarUpa AdhArameM jIva, pudgala Adi chahoM dravyoMkI sattA pAI jAtI hai, para saba eka nahIM hai| dharmameM anya dharma nahIM mAne jAte, ataH anavasthAkA prasaMga bhI vyartha hai| vastu trayAtmaka hai na ki utpAdatrayAtmaka yA vyayatrayAtmaka yA sthititrayAtmaka / yadi dharmoMmeM dhama lagate to anavasthA hotii| isa taraha dharmoko ekarUpa mAnanese ekAntatvakA prasaMga nahIM uThanA cAhiye; kyoMki vastu anekAntarUpa hai, aura samyagekAntakA anekAntase koI virodha nahIM hai| jisa samaya utpAdako utpAdarUpase asti aura vyayarUpase nAsti kaheMge usa samaya utpAda dharma na rahakara dharmI bana jaaygaa| dharma-dharmabhAva sApekSa hai| jo

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430 jainadarzana apane AdhArabhUta dharmIkI apekSA dharma hotA hai vahI apane AdheyabhUta dharmokI apekSA dharmI bana jAtA hai| jaba vastu uparyukta rUpase lokavyavahAra tathA pramANase nirbAdha pratItikA viSaya ho rahI hai taba use anavadhAraNAtmaka, avyavasthita yA apratIta kahanA bhI sAhasakI hI bAta hai| aura jaba pratIta hai taba abhAva to ho hI nahIM sktaa| ___isa taraha ina ATha doSoMkA parihAra akalaMka, haribhadra, siMhagaNikSamAzramaNa Adi sabhI AcAryoMne vyavasthita rUpase kiyA hai| vastutaH binA samajhe aise dUSaNa dekara jaina tattvajJAnake sAtha vizeSataH syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgIke svarUpake sAtha bar3A anyAya huA hai| ____bha0 mahAvIra apanemeM anantadharmA vastuke sambandhameM vyavasthita aura pUrNa nizcayavAdI the| unane na kevala vastukA anekAntasvarUpa hI batAyA kintu usake jAnane dekhaneke upAya-nayadRSTiyA~ aura usake pratipAdanakA prakAra ( syAdvAda) bhI btaayaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana granthoMmeM upeyatattvake svarUpanirUpaNake sAtha-hI-sAtha upAyatattvakA bhI utanA hI vistRta aura sAGgopAGga varNana milatA hai| ataH syAdvAda na to saMzayavAda hai, na kadAcitvAda, na kiMcitvAda, na saMbhavavAda aura na abhISTavAda; kintu kharA apekSAprayukta nizcayavAda hai| ise saMskRtameM 'kathaJcitvAda' zabdase kahA hai, jo eka sunizcita dRSTikoNakA pratIka hai| yaha saMjayake ajJAna yA vikSepavAdase to hargija nahIM nikalA hai; kintu saMjayako jina bAtoMkA ajJAna thA aura buddha jina praznoMko avyAkRta kahate the, una sabakA sunizcita dRSTikoNoMse nizcaya karanevAlA apekSAvAda hai / samanvayako pukAra : Aja bhArataratna DaoN0 bhagavAndAsajI jaise manISI samanvayakI AvAja bulanda kara rahe haiN| unane apane 'darzanakA prayojana', 'samanvaya' Adi granthoMmeM isa samanvaya-tattvakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| kintu vastuko anantadharmA mAne binA tathA syAdvAda-paddhatise usakA vicAra kiye binA samanvayake sahI svarUpako nahIM pAyA jA sktaa| jaina darzanakI bhAratIya saMskRtiko yahI parama dena hai jo isane vastuke virATa svarUpako sApekSa dRSTikoNase dekhanA sikhAyA / jainAcAryoMne isa samanvaya-paddhatipara hI saMkhyAbaddha grantha likhe haiM / AzA hai isa ahiMsAdhAra aura mAnasa ahiMsAke amRtamaya prANabhUta syAdvAdakA jIvanako saMvAdI banAnemeM yathocita upayoga kiyA jaaygaa|

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11. jainadarzana aura vizvazAnti vizvazAntike liye jina vicArasahiSNutA, samajhautekI bhAvanA, varNa, jAti raMga aura deza Adike bhedake binA sabake samAnAdhikArakI svIkRti, vyaktisvAtantrya aura dUsareke Antarika mAmaloMmeM hastakSepa na karanA Adi mUlabhUta AdhAroMkI apekSA hai unheM dArzanika bhUmikApara prastuta karanekA kArya jainadarzanane bahuta pahalese kiyA hai| usane apanI anekAntadRSTise vicAranekI dizAmeM udAratA, vyApakatA aura sahiSNutAkA aisA pallavana kiyA hai, jisase vyakti dUsareke dRSTikoNako bhI vAstavika aura tathyapUrNa mAna sakatA hai / isakA svAbhAvika phala hai ki samajhautekI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai / jaba taka hama apane hI vicAra aura dRSTikoNako vAstavika aura tathya mAnate haiM taba taka dUsareke prati Adara aura prAmANikatAkA bhAva hI nahIM ho paataa| ataH anekAntadRSTi dUsaroMke dRSTikoNake prati sahiSNutA, vAstavikatA aura samAdarakA bhAva utpanna karatI hai / jainadarzana ananta AtmavAdI hai| vaha pratyeka AtmAko mUlameM samAnasvabhAva aura samAnadharmavAlA mAnatA hai / unameM janmanA kisI jAtibheda yA adhikArabhedako nahIM maantaa| vaha ananta jar3apadArthoMkA bhI svatantra astitva mAnatA hai| isa darzanane vAstavabahutvako mAnakara vyaktisvAtantryakI sAdhAra svIkRti dI hai| vaha eka dravyake pariNamanapara dUsare dravyakA adhikAra nahIM maantaa| ata: kisI bhI prANIke dvArA dUsare prANIkA zoSaNa, nirdalana yA svAyattIkaraNa hI anyAya hai| kisI cetanakA anya jar3apadArthoMko apane adhIna karanekI ceSTA karanA bhI anadhikAra ceSTA hai| isI taraha kisI deza yA rASTrakA dUsare deza yA rASTrako apane AdhIna karanA, use apanA upaniveza banAnA hI mUlataH anadhikAra ceSTA hai, ataeva hiMsA aura anyAya hai| vAstavika sthiti aisI honepara bhI jaba AtmAkA zarIrasaMdhAraNa aura samAjanirmANa jar3apadArthoMke binA saMbhava nahIM hai; taba yaha socanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki Akhira zarIrayAtrA, samAjanirmANa aura rASTrasaMrakSA Adi kaise kiye jA~ya ? jaba anivArya sthilimeM jar3apadArthoM kA saMgraha aura unakA yathocita viniyoga Avazyaka ho gayA, taba yaha una sabhI AtmAoMko hI samAna bhUmikA aura samAna adhikArakI cAdarapara baiThakara socanA cAhiye ki 'jagatke upalabdha sAdhanoMkA kaise viniyoga

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432 jainadarzana ho ?' jisase pratyeka AtmAkA adhikAra surakSita rahe aura aisI samAjakA nirmANa saMbhava ho sake, jisameM sabako samAna avasara aura sabakI samAnarUpase prArambhika AvazyakatAoMkI pUrti ho ske| yaha vyavasthA Izvaranirmita hokara yA janmajAta vargasaMrakSaNake AdhArase kabhI nahIM jama sakatI, kintu una sabhI samAjake ghaTaka aMgoMkI jAti, varNa, raMga aura deza Adike bhedake binA nirupAdhi samAnasthitike AdhArase hI bana sakatI hai| samAjavyavasthA Uparase badalanI nahIM cAhiye, kintu usakA vikAsa sahayogapaddhatise sAmAjika bhAvanAkI bhUmipara honA cAhiye, tabhI sarvodayI samAja-racanA ho sakatI hai| jainadarzanane vyaktisvAtantryako mUlarUpameM mAnakara sahayogamUlaka samAjaracanAkA dArzanika AdhAra prastuta kiyA hai ! isameM jaba pratyeka vyakti parigrahake saMgrahako anadhikAravRtti mAnakara hI anivArya yA atyAvazyaka sAdhanoMke saMgrahameM pravRtti karegA, so bhI samAjake ghaTaka anya vyaktiyoMko samAnAdhikArI samajhakara unakI bhI suvidhAkA vicAra karake hI; tabhI sarvodayI samAjakA svastha nirmANa saMbhava ho skegaa| __ nihita svArthavAle vyaktiyoMne jAti, vaMza aura raMga Adike nAmapara jo adhikAroMkA saMrakSaNa le rakhA hai tathA jina vyavasthAoMne vargavizeSako saMrakSaNa diye haiM, ve mUlataH anadhikAra ceSTAe~ haiN| unheM mAnavahita aura navasamAjaracanAke liye svayaM samApta honA hI cAhiye aura samAna avasaravAlI paramparAkA sarvAbhyudayakI dRSTise vikAsa honA cAhiye / ___isa taraha anekAntadRSTi se vicArasahiSNutA aura parasanmAnakI vRtti jaga jAne para mana dUsareke svArthako apanA svArtha mAnanekI ora pravRtta hokara samajhautekI ora sadA jhukane lagatA hai| jaba usake svAdhikArake sAtha-hI-sAtha svakarttavyakA bhI bhAva udita hotA hai; taba vaha dUsareke Antarika mAmaloMmeM jabaradastI TA~ga nahIM ar3AtA / isa taraha vizvazAntike liye apekSita vicArasahiSNutA, samAnAdhikArakI svIkRti aura Antarika mAmaloMmeM ahastakSepa Adi sabhI AdhAra eka vyaktisvAtantryake mAna lene se hI prastuta ho jAte haiM / aura jaba taka ina sarvasamatAmUlaka ahiMsaka AdhAroMpara samAjaracanAkA prayatna na hogA, taba taka vizvazAnti sthApita nahIM ho sakatI / Aja mAnavakA dRSTikoNa itanA vistRta, udAra aura vyApaka ho gayA hai jo vaha vizvazAntikI bAta socane lagA hai| jisa dina vyaktisvAtantrya aura samAnAdhikArakI binA kisI vizeSasaMrakSaNake sarvasAmAnyapratiSThA hogA, vaha dina mAnavatAke maMgalaprabhAtakA puNyakSaNa hogaa| jainadarzanane ina AdhAroMko saiddhAntika rUpa dekara mAnavakalyANa aura jIvanakI maMgalamaya nirvAhapaddhatike

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jainadarzana aura vizvazAnti 433 vikAsameM apanA pUrA bhAga arpita kiyA hai / aura kabhI bhI sthAyI vizvazAnti yadi saMbhava hogI, to inhIM mUla AdhAroM para hI vaha pratiSThita ho sakatI hai / bhArata rASTrake prANa paM0 javAharalAla neharUne vizvazAntike liye jina paMcazIla yA paMcazilAoMkA udghoSa kiyA hai aura bADuGga sammelanameM jinheM sarvamatise svIkRti milo, una paMcazIloMkI buniyAda anekAntadRSTi-samajhautekI vRtti, sahaastitvakI bhAvanA, samanvayake prati niSThA aura varNa, jAti, raMga Adike bhedoMse Upara uThakara mAnavamAtrake sama-abhyudayakI kAmanApara hI to rakhI gaI hai| aura ina sabake pIche hai mAnavakA sanmAna aura ahiMsAmUlaka AtmaupamyakI hArdika zraddhA / Aja navodita bhAratako isa sarvodayI pararASTranItine vizvako hiMsA, saMgharSa aura yuddhake dAvAnalase mor3akara sahaastitva, bhAIcArA aura samajhautekI sadbhAvanArUpa ahiMsAkI zItala chAyAmeM lAkara khar3A kara diyA hai| vaha socane lagA hai ki pratyeka rASTrako apanI jagaha jIvita rahanekA adhikAra hai, usakA svAstitva hai, parake zoSaNakA yA use gulAma banAnekA koI adhikAra nahIM hai, parameM usakA astitva nahIM hai / yaha parake mAmaloMmeM ahastakSepa aura svAstitvakI svIkRti hI vizvazAntikA mUlamantra hai| yaha siddha ho sakatI hai-ahiMsA, anekAntadRSTi aura jIvanameM bhautika sAdhanoMkI apekSA mAnavake sanmAnake prati niSThA honese / bhArata rASTrane tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura bodhisattva gautamabuddha Adi santoMkI ahiMsAko apane saMvidhAna aura pararASTranItikA AdhAra banAkara vizvako eka bAra phira bhAratako AdhyAtmikatAkI jhA~kI dikhA dI hai| Aja una tIrthaGkaroMkI sAdhanA aura tapasyA saphala huI hai ki samasta vizva saha-astitva aura samajhautekI vRttikI ora jhukakara ahiMsakabhAvanAse mAnavatAko rakSAke liye sannaddha ho gayA hai / ___vyaktikI mukti, sarvodayI samAjakA nirmANa aura vizvakI zAntike liye jainadarzanake puraskartAoMne yahI nidhiyA~ bhAratIyasaMskRtike AdhyAtmika kozAgArameM Atmotsarga aura nirgranthatAkI tila-tila sAdhanA karake saMjoI hai / Aja vaha dhanya ho gayA ki usakI usa ahiMsA, anekAntadRSTi aura aparigrahabhAvanAkI jyotise vizvakA hiMsAndhakAra samApta hotA jA rahA hai aura saba sabake udayameM apanA udaya mAnane lage haiN| rASTrapitA pUjya bApUkI AtmA isa aMzameM santoSakI sA~sa le rahI hogI ki unane ahiMsA saMjIvanakA vyakti aura samAjase Age rAjanaitika kSetra meM upayoga karanekA jo prazasta mArga sujhAyA thA aura jisakI aTUTa zraddhAmeM unane apane prANoMkA utsarga kiyA, Aja bhAratane dRr3hatAse usapara apanI niSThA hI vyakta nahIM

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434 jainadarzana kI, kintu usakA prayoga nava eziyAke jAgaraNa aura vizvazAntike kSetrameM bhI kiyA hai| aura bhAratakI 'bhA' isImeM hai ki vaha akelA bhI isa AdhyAtmika dIpako saMjotA cale, use sneha dAna detA huA usImeM jalatA cale aura prakAzakI kiraNeM bakheratA cle| jIvanakA sAmaMjasya, navasamAjanirmANa aura vizvazAntike yahI mUlamantra haiN| inakA nAma liye binA koI vizvazAntikI bAta bhI nahIM kara sktaa|

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12. jainadArzanika sAhitya isa prakaraNameM pramukha rUpase una prAcIna jainadArzanikoM aura mUla jainadarzanagranthoMkA nAmollekha kiyA jAyagA, jinake grantha kisI bhaMDArameM upalabdha hai tathA jinake grantha prakAzita haiN| una granthoM aura granthakAroMkA nirdeza bhI yathAsaMbhava karanekA prayatna kareMge, jinake grantha upalabdha to nahIM haiM, parantu anya granthoMmeM jinake uddharaNa pAye jAte haiM yA nirdeza milate haiN| isameM aneka granthakAroMke samayakI zatAbdI AnumAnika haiM aura unake paurvAparyameM kahIM vyatyaya bhI ho sakatA hai, para yahA~ to mAtra isa bAta kI ceSTA kI gaI hai ki upalabdha aura sUcita prAcIna mUla dArzanika sAhityakA sAmAnya nirdeza avazya ho jAya / ____ isa pustakake 'pRSThabhUmi aura sAmAnyAvalokana' prakaraNameM jainadarzanake mUla bIja jina siddhAnta aura Agama granthoMmeM milate haiM unakA sAmAnya vivaraNa diyA jA cukA hai, ataH yahA~ unakA nirdeza na karake umAsvAti ( gRddhapiccha ) ke tattvArthasUtrase hI isa sUcIko prArambha kara rahe haiN| digambara AcArya umAsvAti- tattvArthasUtra . prakAzita (vi01-3 rI) samantabhadra AptamImAMsA prakAzita (vi0 2-3rI) yuktyanuzAsana bRhatsvayambhUstotra jIvasiddhi 'pArzvanAthacarita' meM vAdirAja dvArA ullikhita siddhasena sanmatitarka prakAzita ( vi0 4-5vIM) (kucha dvAtriMzatikAe~) devanandi sArasaMgraha dhavalA-TIkAmeM ullikhita (vi0 6vIM) 1. zrIvarSIgranthamAlA, banArasa meM saMkalita grantha-sUcIke AdhArase /

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436 jainadarzana zrIdatta jalpanirNaya tattvArthazlokavArtikameM (vi0 6vIM) vidyAnandadvArA ullikhita / sumati sanmatitarkaTIkA pArzvanAthacaritameM vAdirAja(vi0 6vIM) dvArA ullikhita sumatisaptaka malliSeNa-prazastimeM nirdiSTa / [ inhIMkA nirdeza sAntarakSitake tatvasaMgrahameM 'sumatedigambarasya' ke rUpameM hai ] pAtrakesarI anantavIryAcArya dvArA siddhi(vi0 6vIM) vinizcaya TIkAmeM ullikhita pAtrakesarI-stotra prakAzita [ inhIMkA mata zAntarakSitane tatvasaMgrahameM 'pAtrasvAmi' ke nAmase diyA hai / ] vAdisiMha vAdirAjake pArzvanAthacarita ( 6-7vIM) aura jinasenake mahApurANameM smRta akalaMkadeva laghIyastraya prakAzita (vi0 700) (svavRttisahita ), ( akalaGkagranthatrayameM ) nyAyavinizcaya prakAzita (nyAyavinizcaya- ( akalaGkagrantha trayameM) vivaraNase uddhRta ), prakAzita pramANasaMgraha, (akalaGkagranthatrayameM ) siddhivinizcaya prakAzita ( siddhivinizcayaTIkAse uddhata ), aSTazatI prakAzita ( AptamImAMsAko TIkA ) pramANalakSaNa ( ? ) maisUrakI lAibrarI tathA kocInarAja pustakAlaya tirU puNi?NameM upalabdha tatvArthavArtika prakAzita ( tattvArthasUtrakI TIkA ) [jinadAsane nizIthacUrNimeM inhIMke siddhivinizcayakA ullekha darzanaprabhAvaka zAstroMmeM kiyA hai]]

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jainadArzanika sAhitya kumArasena jinasena dvArA mahApurANameM (vi0 770) smRta kumAranandi vAdanyAya vidyAnandadvArA pramANaparIkSAmeM (vi0 8vIM) ullikhita vAdIbhasiMha syAdvAdasiddhi prakAzita (vi0 8vIM) navapadArthanizcaya mUDabidro bhaMDArameM upalabdha anantavIrya (vRddha) siddhivinizcayaTIkA ravibhadrapAdopajIvI ananta(vi0 8-9vIM) vIryadvArA siddhivinizcaya TIkA meM ullikhita anantavIrya siddhivinizcayaTIkA prakAzita ravibhadrapAdopajIvI ( 9vIM) vidyAnanda aSTasahastrI prakAzita (vi0 9vIM) ( AptamImAMmA-aSTa zatIkI TIkA) tattvArthazlokavArtika ( tasvArthasUtrako TIkA ), yuktyanuzAsanAlaGkAra, vidyAnandamahodaya tatvArthazlokavArtikameM svayaM nirdiSTa tathA vAdidevasUri dvArA syAdvAdaratnAkarameM uddhata AptaparIkSA prakAzita pramANaparIkSa prakAzita pAtraparIkSA , AptaparIkSAke sAtha satyazAsanaparIkSA prakAzita zrIpurapArzvanAthastotra prakAzita paMcamaprakaraNa aprakAzita jainamaTha zravaNavelagolAmeM upalabdha (maisUrakurgasUcI naM0 2803) .

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jainadarzana nayavivaraNa (?) prakAzita (ta0 zlokavA0 kA aMza) anantakIrti jIvasiddhiTIkA vAdirAjake pArzvanAthacaritameM ( 10vIM) ullikhita bRhatsarvajJasiddhi prakAzita laghusarvajJasiddhi devasena . nayacakraprAkRta prakAzita ( 990 vi0) AlApapaddhati vasunandi AptamImAMsAvRtti ( 10vI, 11voM) mANikyanandi parIkSAmukha (vi0 11vIM) somadeva syAdvAdopaniSat dAnapatrameM ullikhita, jaina (vi0 11vIM) sAhitya aura itihAsa pR048 bAdirAja sUri nyAyavinizcayavivaraNa prakAzita (vi0 11vIM) pramANanirNaya mAilla dhavala dravyasvabhAvaprakAza prakAzita (vi0 11vIM) prAkRta prabhAcandra prameyakamalamArtaNDa (vi0 11-12vIM) ( parIkSAmukha-TIkA ) nyAyakumudacandra (laghIyastraya-TIkA ), paramatajhaMjhAnila jaina guru cittApura ArakATa nArthake pAsa anantavIrya prameyaratnamAlA prakAzita (vi0 12vIM) (parIkSAmukha-TIkA ) bhAvasena traividya vizvatasvaprakAza syAdvAda vidyAlaya banArasa meM (vi0 12-13vIM) upalabdha laghusamantabhadra aSTasahastrI-TippaNa prakAzita (13vIM)

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jainadArzanika sAhitya AzAdhara prameyaratnAkara AzAdhara-prazastimeM (vi0 13voM) ullikhita zAntiSeNa prameyaratnAkara jaina siddhAnta-bhavana, ArA (vi0 13vIM) jinadeva kAruNyakAlikA nyAyadIpikAmeM ullikhita dharmabhUSaNa nyAyadIpikA prakAzita (vi015vIM) ajitasena nyAyamaNidIpikA jaina siddhAnta-bhavana, ArAmeM (prameyaratnamAlA-TIkA) upalabdha vimaladAsa saptamaGgitaraGgiNI prakAzita zubhacandra saMzayavadanavidAraNa SaDdarzanapramANaprameya- prazastisaMgraha, vIrasevAsaMgraha mandira, dillI zubhacandradeva parIkSAmukhavRtti jainamaTha mUDabidrImeM upalabdha zAntivarNI prameyakaNThikA jaina siddhAnta-bhavana, ArAmeM (parIkSAmukhavRtti) upalabdha cArukIti paMDitAcArya prameyaralAlaGkAra narendrasena pramANaprameyakalikA sukhaprakAza muni nyAyadIpAvali TIkA jainamaTha mUDabidromeM upalabdha amRtAnanda muni nyAyadIpAvaliviveka khaNDanAkanda tattvadIpikA jainamaTha mUDabidrImeM upalabdha jagannAtha kevalibhuktinirAkaraNa jayapura terApaMthI mandirameM ( 1703 vi0) upalabdha vajranandi pramANagrantha dhavalakavidvArA ullikhita pravarakIrti tattvanizcaya jainamaTha mUDabidrImeM upalabdha amarakIrti samayaparIkSA hummaca gANaMgaNi puTappAmeM upalabdha pravacanaparIkSA jaina siddhAnta-bhavana, ArA maNikaNTha nyAyaratna zubhaprakAza nyAyamakarandavivecana ajJAtakartRka SaDdarzana padmanAmazAstrI mUDabidrIke pAsa upalabdha prakAzita nemicandra

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440 jainadarzana ajJAtakartRka zlokavArtikaTippaNI jainamaTha zravaNavelagolAmeM upalabdha SaDdarzanaprapaJca jaina bhavana mUDabidrImeM upalabdha prameyaratnamAlAlaghuvRtti madrAsa sUcI naM0 1574 arthavyaJjanaparyAya-vicAra , , 1557 svamatasthApana jainamaTha mUDabidrI sRSTivAda-parIkSA saptamaGgI SaNmatatarka zabdakhaNDavyAkhyAna pramANasiddhi pramANapadArtha paramatakhaNDana nyAyAmRta " " nayasaMgraha nayalakSaNa nyAyapramANabhedI jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA nyAyapradIpikA pramANanayagrantha ___ " " pramANalakSaNa " " matakhaMDanavAda vizeSavAda bambaI sUcI naM0 1612 zvetAmbara AcArya umAsvAti tattvArthasUtra svopajJa prakAzita ( vi0 3 rI) siddhasena divAkara nyAyAvatAra prakAzita ( vi0 5-6vIM) kucha dvAtriMzatikAe~ 1. "jaina grantha aura granthakAra' ke aadhaarse| bhASya

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jainadArzanika sAhitya mallavAdi vi0 6vIM) 'nayacakra (dvAdazAra) sanmatitakaTIkA prakAzita anekAntajayapatAkAmeM ullikhita prakAzita haribhadra (vi0 8vIM) haribhadra prakAzita jainagrantha granthakAra sUcIse anekAntajayapatAkA saTIka, anekAntavAda praveza, SaDdarzanasamuccaya, zAstravArtAsamuccaya saTIka, nyAyapraveza-TIkA, dharmasaMgrahaNI, lokatattvanirNaya, anekAnta praghaTTa, tattvataraGgiNI, tribhaGgIsAra, nyAyAvatAravRtti, paJcaliGgI, dvijavadanacapeTA paralokasiddhi vedabAhyatAnirAkaraNa sarvajJasiddhi syAdvAdakucodyaparihAra strImuktiprakaraNa kevalabhuktiprakaraNa , jaina sAhitya saMzodhakameM prakAzita nyAyAvatAra-TIkA prakAzita zAkaTAyana ( pAlyakIrti) (vi0 9vIM) ( yApanIya) siddharSi (vi0 10vIM) abhayadeva sUri ( vi0 11vIM) jinezvarasUri (vi0 11vIM) prakAzita sanmatiTIkA (vAdamahArNava) pramAlakSma saTIka paJcaliGgIprakaraNa prakAzita

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prakAzita prakAzita prakAzita " prakAzita ( anupalabdha) prakAzita prakAzita 442 jainadarzana zAntisUri nyAyAvatAravArtika (pUrNatallagacchIya) savRtti (vi011vIM) municandrasUri anekAntajayapatAkA(vi0 .2vIM) vRttiTippaNa vAdidevasUri pramANanayatattvA( 12vIM sadI) lokAlaGkAra syAdvAdaratnAkara hemacandra pramANamImAMsA ( pUrNatallagaccha ) anyayogavyavacchedikA (vi0 12vIM) vAdAnuzAsana vedAMkuza devasUri jIvAnuzAsana ( vIracandraziSya) (vi0 1162) zrIcandrasUri nyAyapravezaharibhadra- ( vi. 12vIM) vRttipaJjikA devabhadrasUri nyAyAvatAraTippaNa ( maladhAri zrIcandra ziSya ) (vi0 12voM) malayagiri dharmasaMgrahaNITIkA (vi013) candrasena utpAdAdisiddhi saTIka (pradyumnasUri ziSya) (vi0 13vIM) AnandasUri siddhAntArNava amarasUri ( siMhavyAghrazizukra) rAmacandrasUri vyatirekadvAtriMzikA (hemacandra ziSya) (13 vIM) prakAzita prakAzita anupalabdha prakAzita

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443 pramANaprakAza jainadArzanika sAhitya mallavAdi dharmottaraTippaNaka paM0 dalasukhabhAIke pAsa (13 vIM) pradyumnasUri vAdasthala jainagranthagranthakArameM sUcita (13 vIM) jinapatisUri prabodhavAdasthala (13 vIM) ratnaprabhasUri syAdvAdaratnAkarAvatArikA prakAzita (13 vIM) devabhadra jaina granthagranthakArameM sUcita (13 vIM) naracandrasUri nyAyakandalITIkA jainagranthagranthakArameM sUcita ( devaprabha ziSya) (13 vIM) abhayatilaka paJcaprasthanyAyatarkavyAkhyA (14 vIM) tarkanyAyasUtraTIkA nyAyAlaMkAravRtti malliSeNa syAdvAdamaJjarI prakAzita (14 vIM) somatilaka SaDdarzanaTIkA jainagranthagranthakArameM sUcita (vi0 1392) rAjazekhara syAdvAdakalikA jainagranthagranthakArameM sUcita (15 vIM) ratnAkarAvatArikA paJjikA prakAzita SaDdarzana samuccaya jainagranthagranthakArameM sUcita nyAyakandalIpaJjikA jJAnacandra ratnAkarAvatArikATippaNa prakAzita ( 15 vI) jayasiMhasUri nyAyasAradIpikA prakAzita ( 15 vI)

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24 jainadarzana merutuGga SaDdarzananirNaya jainagranthagranthakArameM sUcita ( mahendrasUri ziSya) ( 15 vI) guNaratna SaDdarzanasamuccayakI prakAzita ( 15 vI) tarkarahasyadIpikA bhuvanasundarasUri parabrahmotthApana jainagranthagranthakArameM ( 15 vI) laghu-mahAvidyAviDambana satyarAja jalpamaMjarI sudhAnandagaNiziSya ( 16 vIM) sAdhuvijaya vAdavijayaprakaraNa (16 vI) hetudarzanaprakaraNa siddhAntasAra darzanaratnAkara ( 16 vIM) dayAratna nyAyaratnAvalI ( 17 vIM) zubhavijaya tarkabhASAvArtika jainagranthagranthakArameM ( 17 voM) syAdvAdamAlA prakAzita bhAvavijaya SatriMzatjalpa- jainagrantha granthakArameM (17vIM) vicAra vinayavijaya nayakarNikA maahir ( 17vIM) SatriMzatjalpasaMkSepa jainagrantha anathakArameM yazovijaya aSTasahasrIvivaraNa, prakAzita ( 18vIM) anekAntavyavasthA, jJAnabindu ( navyazailImeM), jainatarkabhASA, devadharmaparIkSA, dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzatikA, dharmaparIkSA, nayapradIpa,

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jainadArzanika sAhitya 445 nayopadeza, prakAzita nayarahasya, nyAyakhaNDakhAdya (navyazailI), nyAyAloka, bhASArahasya, zAstravArtAsamuccayaTIkA, utpAdavyayadhrauvyasiddhiTIkA, jJAnArNava, anekAnta praveza, gurutatvavinizcaya, AtmakhyAti, jainagrantha granthakArameM tattvAlokavivaraNa, trisUtryAloka, dravyAlokavivaraNa nyAyabindu, pramANarahasya, maMgalavAda, vAdamAlA, vAdamahArNava, vidhivAda, vedAntanirNaya, siddhAntatarka pariSkAra, siddhAntamaJjarI TIkA, . syAdvAdamASA, ( syAdvAdamaJjarIkI TIkA ), dravyaparyAyayukti jainasaptapadArthI prakAzita pramANavAdArtha - jainagrantha granthakArameM vAdArthanirUpaNa syAdvAdamuktAvalI prakAzita nayopadezaTIkA prakAzita yazovijaya yazasvat sAgara ( 18vIM) bhAvaprabhasUri (18vIM)

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446 jainadarzana jJAnakriyAvAda jainagrantha granthakAra thagranthakAra tarkasaMgrahaphakkikA mayAcandra ( 19vIM) padmavijayagaNi ( 19vIM) RddhisAgara (20vIM) nirNayaprabhAkara ityAdi isa taraha jainadarzana granthoMkA vizAla kozAgAra hai / isa sUcImeM saMskRta granthoMkA hI pramukharUpase ullekha kiyA hai| kannar3a bhASAmeM bhI aneka darzanagranthoMkI TIkAe~ pAI jAtI haiN| ina sabhI granthoMmeM jainAcAryoMne anekAntadRSTise vastutattvakA nirUpaNa kiyA hai, aura pratyeka vAdakA khaMDana karake bhI unakA nayadRSTise samanvaya kiyA hai / aneka ajainagranthoMkI TIkAe~ bhI jainAcAryoMne likhI haiM, ve una granthoMke hArdako bar3I sUkSmatAse spaSTa karatI haiM / iti / hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI -mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya 2019 / 53

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"pakSapAto na me vIre na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimadvacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH prigrhH||" -haribhad

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2. granthasaMketa vivaraNa akalaGkagrantha0 akalaGkagranthatraya akalaMkagra0 Ti0 akalaGkagranthatrayaTippaNa aTThazAlanI dhammasaMgaNIkI aTTakathA aNubhA0 brahmasUtraaNubhASya anagAradha0 anagAradharmAmRta anyayogavya. anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzatikA abhidharmako abhidharmakoza aSTaza0 aSTasaha. aSTazatI aSTasahasrayantargata aSTasaha. aSTasahasrI AcA0 AcArAGgasU0 AcArAGgasUtra AdipurANa mahApurANAntargata Aptapa0 AptaparIkSA AptamI0 AtmamImAMsA A0ni0 Avazyakaniyukti AptasvarUpa siddhAntasArAdisaMgrahAntargata Rgveda RgvedasaMhitA kaThopa0 kaThopaniSat kAvyA0 rudra0 nami0 kAvyAlaGkAra-rudraTakRta-namisAdhukRta TIkA go0 jIvakANDa, gommaTasArajI0 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa cattAri daMDaka dazabhaktyAdike antargata chAndo chAndogyopaniSat jar3avAda anIzvaravAda lakSmaNazAstrI jozIkRta jainatarkavA. jainatarkavArtika jainatarkavA0 Ti0 jainatarkavArtikaTippaNa 1. isa granthake likhanemeM jina granthoMkA upayoga kiyA gayA hai unameM jina granthoMke nAmoMkA 'saMketa' se nirdeza kiyA hai unhIMkA isa sUcImeM samAveza hai|

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granthasaMketa vivaraNa 449 pro0 dalasukhamAI mAlavaNiyA dvArA likhita paM0 becaradAsajI dozIkRta pUjyapAdakRta tattva saMgraha tattvasaMgrahapaJjikA tattvArtharAjavArtika jainadArzanika sAhityakA sihAvalokana jainasAhityameM vikAra jainendravyAkaraNa tattvasaM0 tatvasaM0 paM0 tattvArtharAjavA0, tattvArthavA0 rAjavA0 tattvArthazlo0, ta0 zlo tattvArthAdhi0 bhA0, tattvArthabhA0 ta0 sU0, tattvArthasU0 tattvopa0 taittirI0 tri0 prA0 trilokaprajJapti darzanakA prayojana darzanadigdarzana dIghani0 dravyasaM0 dvAtriMzad dvAtriMzatikA dharma0 dhavalA TI0 satpra0 dhavalA pra0 bhA0 nandIsU0 TI0 nayavivaraNa navanIta nATyazA0 niyamasA0 nyAyakumu0 nyAyakusumA0 nyAyadI0 tattvArthAzlokavArtika tattvArthAdhigamabhASya tattvArthasUtra tattvopaSlavasiMha taittirIyopaniSat trivikramakRta prAkRtavyAkaraNa tiloyapaNNatti DaoN0 bhagavAnadAsakRta mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyanakRta dIghanikAya dravyasaMgraha yazovijayakRta dharmasaMgraha dhavalATIkA samarUpaNA dhavalA TIkA prathama bhAga nandIsUtraTIkA prathamagucchakAntargata navanIta mAsika patra nATyazAstra niyamasAra nyAyakumudacandra 2 bhAga nyAkusumAJjali nyAyadIpikA

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jainadarzana nyAyabi0 nyAyabi0 TI0 nyAyabhA0 nyAyamaM0 nyAyavA0 nyAyavA0 tA0 TI0 nyAyavi0 nyAyasAra nyAyasU0 nyAyAvatA0 patrapa0 pAtrakesaristotra parI0 paMcA0 pAta. mahAbhASya pAta0 mahA0 paspazA0 pUrvI aura pazcimI darzana paMcAdhyAyI pramANanayatattvA0 prava0 pramANamI0 pramANavA0 pra0 vA0 pramANavAtikAlaM0 pramANavA0 manoratha0 ) pra0 vA0 manora0 pramANavA0 svava0 pramANavA0 svavR0 TI0 ) pra0 vAsvavRttiM TI0 / pramANasamu0 pramANasaM0 prameyaka0 nyAyabindu nyAyabinduTIkA-dharmottara nyAyamASya nyAyamaJjarI nyAyavArtika nyAyavArtika tAtparyaTIkA nyAyaninizcaya mAsarvajJakRta nyAyasUtra nyAyAvatAra patraparIkSA prathamagucchakAntargata parIkSAmukha paJcAstikAya pAtaJjala mahAbhASya pAtaJjala mahAmApya paspazAhnika DaoN. devarAjakRta rAjamallakRta prayANanayatattvAlokAlaGkAra pravacanasAra pramANamImAMsA pramANavArtika pramANavArtikAlaMkAra pramANavArtikamanorathanandinI TIkA pramANavArtikasvavRtti pramANavArtikasvavRttiTIkA pramANasamuccaya pramANasaMgraha akalaGkagranthatrayAntargata prameyakamalamArtaNDa

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granthasaMketa vivaraNa 451 prameyaratnamAlA praza0 kanda0 praza0 bhA0 praza0 bhA0 vyo prAkRtaca. prAkRtasa0 prAkRtasaM0 buddhacaryA bodhicaryA bodhicaryA. paM0 bRhaTTipaNikA jaina sA0 saM0 bRhatsva 0 bRhadA0 bhA0 vA0 sambandhavA0 bRhadvyasaM0 brahmabindUpa0 brahmasU0 brahmasU0 ni0 bhA0 brahmasU0 zAM0 bhA0 brahmasU0 zAM0 bhA0 bhA0 bhagavatIsUtra bhagavadgI0 bhAgavata bhAratIyadarzana bhAskarabhA0 majjhimanikAya matsyapu0 mAdhyamikakArikA mahAbhA0 milindaprazna anantavIryakRta prazastapAdabhASya-kandalITIkA prazastapAdabhASya prazastapAdabhApya-vyomavatITIkA prAkRtacandrikA prAkRtasarvasva prAkRtasaMgraha rAhula sAMkRtyAyanakRta bodhicaryAvatAra bodhicaryAvatArapaJjikA bRhaddiSpaNikA, jaina sAhitya saMzodhakameM prakAzita bRhatsvayambhUstotra (prathamagucchaka ) bRhadAraNkamASyavArtika sambandhavArtika bRhada vyasaMgrahaTIkA brahmabindUpaniSad brahmasUtra brahmasUtranimbArkabhASya brahmasUtrazAMkarabhASya brahmasUtrazAMkarabhASyabhAmatITIkA vyAkhyAprajJapti apara nAma bhagavatIsUtra bhagavadgItA zrImadbhAgavata . baladeva upAdhyAyakRta brahmasUtrabhAskarabhASya hindI anuvAda matsyapurANa nAgArjunIyA mahAbhArata hindI anuvAda

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452 mI0 zlo0 codanA0 mI0 zlo0 abhAva0 mI0 zlo0 arthA0 mI0 zlo0 upamAna0 muNDako0 mUlA0 yogada0 vyAsabhA0, yogabhA0 yogadRSTisa0 yogasU0 tattvavai0 ratnAkarAvatArikA laghI0, laghIya0 laghI0 sva0 lokatattvanirNaya vAkyae0 vAgbhaTTA0 TI0 vAdanyA0 vijJapti vijJAnAmRtabhA0 vedAntadIpa vizeSA0 vaize0 sU0 vaijJAnika bhautikavAda vaize0 upa0 zabdakau0 zabdAnuzAsana zAvarabhA0 zAkhadI0 zrIkaNThabhA0 zvetA0, zve0 SaT khaM0 payaDi0 SaT khaM0 satpra0 SaTda0 samu0 guNaratnaTIkA jainadarzana mImAMsAzlokavArtikacoMdanAsUtra mImAMsazlokavArtikaabhAvapariccheda " arthApatti , upamAna muNDakopaniSad mUlAcAra yogadarzanavyAsabhASya yogadRSTisamuccaya yogasUtratattvavaizAradI TIkA pramANanayatattvAlokAlaGkAraTIkA laghIyatraya akalaGkagranthatrayAntargata laghIyastrayasvavRtti haribhadrakRta vAkyapadIya vAgbhaTAlaGkAraTIkA vAdanyAya vijJaptimAtratAsiddhi brahmasUtravijJAnAmRtabhASya rAmAnujAcAryakRta vizeSAvazyakabhAgya vaizeSikasUtra rAhula sAMkRtyAyanakRta vaizeSikasUtraupaskAraTIkA zabdakaustubha hemacandrakRta zAvarabhAgya zAstradIpikA brahmasUtrazrIkaNThabhASya zvetAzvataropaniSat SaTkhaMDAgama-payaDi-anuyogadvAra SaTkhaMDAgamasanarUpaNA SaDdarzanasamuccaya-guNaratnaTIkA

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granthasaMketa vivaraNa sanmati0 sanmati0 TI0 samayasAra samayasAra tAtparyavR0 sarvada0 sarvArthasi0 sAMkhyakA0 sAMkhyakA0 mATharavR0 sAMkhyatattvako siddhivi0 siddhivi0 TI0 sUtrakRtAGgaTI0 saundara0 sthAnA0 sphuTArtha abhi0 syA0 ratnA0 svatantracintana hetubi0 hetubi0 TI0 hemaprA0 sanmatitarka sanmatitarkaTIkA samayaprAbhRta aparanAma samayasAra samayasAra tAtparyavRtti sarvadarzanasaMgraha sarvArthasiddhi sAMkhyakArikA sAMkhyakArikA-mATharavRtti sAMkhyatattvakaumudI siddhivinizcaya siddhi vinizcayaTIkA sUtrakRtAGgaTIkA saundarananda sthAnAGgasatra sphuTArtha-abhidharmakoza-vyAkhyA syAdvAdaratnAkara karnala iMgarasola kRta hetubindu hetubinduTIkA hemacandraprAkRtavyAkaraNa

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8-00 aprApya 8-00 . 8-50 aprApya zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlAke mahattvapUrNa prakAzana 1. merI jIvana-gAthA bhAga 1 : dvitIya saMskaraNa (varNIjI dvArA svayaM likhita ) 2. , mAga 2 , 3. varNI vANI : bhAga 1 ( dvitIya saMskaraNa ) (varNIjIke AdhyAtmika saMdezoMkA saMkalana ) 4. , bhAga 2 , , , , 5. bhAga 3 , , , , 6. , bhAga 4 (varNIjIke adhyAtmapUrNa patroMkA saMkalana) 7. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( pUrvapIThikA ) bhAga 1: . paM0 kailAzacandrajI zAstrI (750 pRSThoM meM likhita jaina sAhityakA gaveSaNApUrNa advitIya itihAsa-grantha : pahalI bAra prakAzita) 8. jaina darzana ( tRtIya saMskaraNa) : DaoN. mahendrakumArajI jaina ( jaina darzanakA sAMgopAMga prAmANika vivecana) 9. paMcAdhyAyI : mUla-paNDita rAjamallajI hindI rUpAntara-paM0 devakInandanajI siddhAntazAstrI ( jaina tattvajJAnakI vivecikA advitIya maulika kRti ) 10. zrAvakadharmapradIpa : mUla-AcArya kunthusAgara mahArAja hindI-saMskRta TokA-paM0 jaganmohanalAlajI zAstrI ( zrAvakAcAra-viSayaka sarala aura vizada racanA) / 11. tattvArthasUtra : mUla-AcArya gRddhapiccha hindI-vivecana-paM0 phUlacandrajI siddhAntazAstrI ( jaina tattvoMkA prAmANika aura vizada nirUpaNa ) 12. dravyasaMgraha-bhASAvacanikA : mUla-AcArya nemicandra dezabhASAvacanikA-paM0 jayacandajI chAvar3A sampAdana-prAdhyApaka darabArIlAla koThiyA ( jaina tattvajJAnakI pratipAdikA maulika sarala racanA) 10-00 aprApya aprApya . 5-00 4-00

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mahattvapUNa prakAzana 455 aprApya 0-60 13. apabhraMza prakAza : lekhaka-DA0 devendrakumArajI jaina ( apabhraMza bhASA va sAhitya kA vizada paricaya ) 14. mandira-vedIpratiSThA-kalazArohaNa-vidhi : sampAdana-paM0 pannAlAlajI vasaMta . ( jaina pratiSThA-vidhikA upayogI evaM prAmANika saMkalana ) 2-00 15. anekAnta aura syAdvAda : lekhaka-prAdhyApaka udayacandrajI jaina 16. adhyAtmapatrAvalI (dvi0 saM0) 9-00 17. AdipurANameM pratipAdita bhArata 12-00 18. satyakI ora ( prathama kadama ) (dvi0 saM0 ) 2-00 19. tattvArthasAra 20. samayasAra pravacana 12-00 21. aparigraha aura vizvazAnti aprApya 22. satprarUpaNAsUtra 5-00 23. kalpavRkSa -60 24. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa ( 1, 2 bhAga) presa meM 25. sAsAyika pATha maMtrI, zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI jaina granthamAlA 13128, DumarAMvabAga-vasati, assI, vArANasI-5

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granthamAlAke prakAzana 1. merI jIvana-gAthA bhAga 1 8.00 aprApya 8.00 3. vaNavarNa, bhAga 1 6.50 CM500 8.00 aprApya 15.00 10.00 aprApya aprApya 5.00 4.00 aprApya . ... 2.00 7. jainadarzana ( tRtIya saMskaraNa) 8. jainasAhityakA itihAsa (pUrvapIThikA).... 9. paJcAdhyAyA 10. zrAvadha pradIpa 11. tattvArthasUtra 12. vyasaMgraha-bhASAvacanikA 13. apabhraMza prakAza 14. mandiravedI pratiSThAkalazArohaNavidhi ... 15. sAmAyika pATha 16. anekAnta aura syAdvAda 17. adhyAtmapatrAvalI (dvi0 saM0) 18. AdipurANameM pratipAdita bhArata 19. satyako ora (prathama kadama ) (dvi0 saM0) 20, tattvArthasAra 21. samayasAra pravacana 22. aparigraha aura vi 23. satprarUpaNAsUtra 24. kalpavRkSa 25. jaina sAhitya kA 134571 prApti sthAna maMtrI-zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI granthamAlA 1/128. DumarAva bAga, assI, vArANasI-5 0.60 0.60 2.00 12.00 2.00 6.00 12.00 aprApya Serving Jin Shasan .... presa meM gyanmandir@kobatirth.org var ary.orgital