Uttaradhyayan Ek Samikshatmak Adhyayan

Author(s): Tulsi Acharya, Nathmalmuni
Publisher: Jain Shwetambar Terapanthi Mahasabha
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004302/1

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jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA Agama-anuzIlana granthamAlA grantha-2

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utarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vAcanA pramukha AcArya tulasI vivecaka aura sampAdaka muni nathamala (nikAya-saciva) prakAzaka jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA Agama-sAhitya prakAzana samiti 3, porcugIja carca sTrITa kalakattA-1

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rAmapuriyA, 000 e saMkalaka : Adarza sAhitya saMgha cUrU (rAjasthAna) Arthika-sahAyaka : zrI rAmalAla haMsarAja golachA virATanagara (nepAla) prakAzana-tithi: janavarI, 1998 mudrita prati : 1100 pRSThAMka mUlya : ru. 12.00 nyU rozana prinTiMga 31/1, lobara citapura roDa

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UTTARADHYAYAN: EK SAMIKSHATMAK LAYAN (The Uttaradhyayan Sutra: A Stude) Vacana Pramukh ACARYA TULASI Editor Muni Nathmal (Nikaya Saciva) Publisher Jain Swetambar Terapanthi Mahasabha Agam-Sahitya Prakashan Samiti 3, Portuguese Church Street CALCUTTA-1 (INDIA) Firsi Ediiion, 1967) [Price :

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Managing Editor : Shreechand Rampuria, B. Com, B. L. Manuscript Compiled by Adarsha Sahitya Sangh Churu (Rajasthan) Financial Assistance : Shri Ramlal Hansraj Golchha Biratnagar (Nepal) Copies Printed : 1100 Page : 544 Printer : New Roshan Printing Works 31/1, Lower Chitpur Road. Calcutta-1 All rights reserved

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samarpaNa viloDiyaM Agama duddha meva, laddhaM suladdhaM NavaNIya macchaM / sajjhAya sajjhANa rayassa niccaM. jayassa ssa ppaNihANa puvvaM // jisane Agama-dohana kara kara, pAyA pravara pracura navanIta / zrut-sadhyAna lIna cira cintana, jayAcArya ko vimala bhAva se // vinayAvanataH AcArya tulasI

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granthAnukrama samarpaNa antastoSa prakAzakIya sampAdakIya viSayAnukrama samIkSAtmaka adhyayana FFr

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antastoSa antastoSa anirvacanIya hotA hai, usa mAlI kA jo apane hAthoM se utta aura sizcita druma-nikuchaja ko pallavita, puSpita aura phalita huA dekhatA hai, usa kalAkAra kA jo apanI tUlikA se nirAkAra ko sAkAra huA dekhatA hai aura usa kalpanAkAra kA jo apanI kalpanA ko apane prayatnoM se prANavAn banA dekhatA hai| cirakAla se merA mana isa kalpanA se bharA thA ki jaina-AgamoM kA zodha-pUrNa sampAdana ho aura mere jIvana ke bahuzramI kSaNa usameM lgeN| saMkalpa phalavAn banA aura vaisA hI huaa| mujhe kendra mAna merA dharma-parivAra usa kArya meM saMlagna hA gyaa| ataH mere isa antastoSa meM maiM una sabako samabhAgI banAnA cAhatA hU~, jo isa pravRtti meM saMvibhAgI rahe haiM / saMkSepa meM vaha saMvibhAga isa prakAra hai: vivecaka-sampAdaka : muni nathamala sahayogI : muni dulaharAja saMvibhAga hamArA dharma hai| jina-jina ne isa gurutara pravRtti meM unmukta bhAva se apanA saMvibhAga samarpita kiyA hai, una sabako maiM AzIrvAda detA hU~ aura kAmanA karatA hU~ ki unakA bhaviSya isa mahAn kArya kA bhaviSya bne| -AcArya tulasI

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sampAdakIya isa grantha meM uttarAdhyayana kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta hai| zramaNa aura vaidika dhArAoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA avakAza jina AgamoM meM hai, unameM uttarAdhyayana pramukha hai / samasAmayika darzanoM meM vaicArika visadRzatA hone para bhI bhASA-prayoga, zailI Adi tattva sadRza hote haiN| pUrvapakSa aura uttarapakSa ke rUpa meM ve eka-dUsare se saMbaddha hote haiM / ataH unakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kie binA zAbdika va Arthika bodha samyak nahIM hotA / prastuta grantha meM jaina-tattva-vidyA, sAdhanA-paddhati Adi viSaya carcita hue haiM tathA zramaNa aura vaidika saMskRti ke vyAvartaka tattvoM kA aitihAsika va saiddhAntika vizleSaNa huA hai / vaidika, jaina va bauddha tInoM dhArAoM meM prApta sadRza kathAoM ke mUla srota ko khojane kI ceSTA kI gaI hai| usa samaya kI ina tInoM mahAn dhArAoM meM eka-dUsarI dhArA kA paraspara mizraNa huA hai, prabhAva par3A hai| kisI eka dhArA ho ne dUsarI ko prabhAvita kiyA aura vaha dUsarI dhArAoM se prabhAvita nahIM huI, aisA mAnanA satya kI kakSA meM samAhita nahIM ho sktaa| zramaNa-paramparA vaidika-paramparA se udbhUta ho yA vaidika-paramparA zramaNa-paramparA se udbhUta ho to usakA aitihAsika mUlya badala sakatA hai kintu guNAtmaka mUlya nahIM bdltaa| udbhUta zAkhA kI guNAtmaka sattA apane mUla se adhika vikAsazIla ho sakatI hai| samaya-samaya para kucha vidvAnoM ne jana-dharma ko vaidika-dharma kI zAkhA mAnA hai| usa abhimata ke pIche unakA koI durAgraha rahA hai, aisA kahanA mujhe ucita nahIM lagatA, kintu yaha kahane meM saMkoca anubhava nahIM hotA ki unhoMne vaisA nirNaya svalpa sAmagrI ke AdhAra para kiyA thaa| DaoN0 harmana jekobI Adi vidvAna usa abhimata kA nirasana kara cuke haiN| prApta sAmagrI ke AdhAra para hama bhI isa nirNaya para pahuMce haiM ki vaidika aura zramaNa dhArAoM meM janya-janaka kA paurvAparya khojane kI apekSA unake svatantra astitva aura vikAsa kI khoja adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| . isa grantha meM tInoM paramparAoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta hai| usakA manana karane se yaha pratIti hotI hai ki pAramparika bhedAnubhUti ke uparAnta bhI dharma kI abhedAnubhUti kA srota saba dhArAoM meM samAna rUpa se pravAhita rahA hai| jo loga dharmoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana nahIM karate, unakA dRSTikoNa saMkIrNa rahatA hai| Agraha aura saMkIrNa-dRSTi kI parisamApti ke lie dharmoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana kA bahuta hI mahattva hai|

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[kha] prAkRta-sAhitya meM tAtkAlika jIvana ke citra bahuta hI prasphuTa haiN| unameM dArzanika, sAMskRtika va sAmAjika jIvana kI rekhAeM bar3e kauzala se aMkita huI hai| isa grantha meM usakI eka saMkSipta jhA~kI prastuta kI gaI hai| ... - AcArya zrI kI yaha icchA thI ki uttarAdhyayana para aisA adhyayana prastuta kiyA jAya, jo jaina-dharma kI dhAraNAoM kA pratinidhitva kara sake / unakI antaHpreraNA ne hamAre antas ko prerita kiyA, unake patha-darzana ne hamArA patha prazasta kiyA aura prastuta grantha niSpanna ho gyaa| isa grantha kI niSpatti meM muni dulaharAjajI kA ananya yoga rahA hai| muni zrIcandajI ne bhI isa kArya meM merA sahayoga kiyA hai| sAdhvI kAnakumArIjI aura maJjulAjI kA bhI isa kArya meM kucha yogadAna rahA hai| ___'nAmAnukrama' sAdhvI kanakaprabhAjI ne taiyAra kiyA hai| pratilipi ke saMzodhana meM muni gulAbacandajI tathA uddharaNoM kI pratilipi meM muni campAlAlajI bhI bhAga-saMbhukta rahe haiN| isa grantha meM jinakI kRtiyoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai, una sabake prati maiM hArdika kRtajJatA jJApita karatA huuN| sAgara sadana, zAhIbAga, ahamadAbAda-4 kArtika zuklA12,vi0saM02024 muni nathamala

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prakAzakIya prastuta "uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" Agama-anuzIlana granthamAlA kA dvitIya grantha hai| 'dazavakAlika : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" isa granthamAlA kA prathama grantha hai, jo pahale prakAzita ho cukA hai aura apanI taraha kA advitIya hone ke kAraNa vidvAn aura janasAdhAraNa sabhI zreNiyoM ke pAThakoM dvArA samApta huA hai| ___ isa granyamAlA ke prathama grantha ke samAna hI "uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" apanI taraha kA anupama aura abhUtapUrva grantha hai, jo hindI-sAhitya ko eka navIna dena hai| yaha ullekha karanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki hindI meM hI nahIM, apitu, kisI bhI bhASA meM-uttarAdhyayana para samIkSAtmaka adhyayana adyAvadhi prakAzita nahIM huA hai| __ yoM to prastuta grantha-gata viSayoM kA jJAna AdyopAnta paThana se hI hogA; phira bhI carcita viSayoM ke sambandha meM kiJcita AbhAsa grantha ke sampAdaka vidvAn muni zrI nathamalajI, nikAya saciva ne apane sampAdakIya vaktavya meM de diyA hai| phira bhI isa grantha ke sambandha meM mahattvapUrNa evaM ullekhanIya tathya isa prakAra haiM __ grantha do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama khaNDa meM zramaNa aura vaidika paramparAe~, zramaNa saMskRti kA prAgaaitihAsika astitva, zramaNa-saMskRti ke matabAda, Atma-vidyA, tattva-vidyA, jena-dharma kA prasAra-pracAra, sAdhanA-paddhati, yoga Adi atIva mahattvapUrNa aura gambhIra viSayoM para savistAra aura prAmANika sAmagrI upalabdha kI gaI hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM vyAkaraNa, chandovimarza, paribhASA, kathAnaka saMkramaNa, bhaugolika va vyakti paricaya, tulanAtmaka va sAMskRtika adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ___uttarAdhyayana jainoM kA mUla sUtra hai, jisakA gambhIra aura talasparzI adhyayana isa anya ke par3hane se hogA tathA tAtkAlika zramaNa saMskRti, samAja vyavasthA, zilpa, matavAda, AcAra, vicAra, dhArmika-AdhyAtmika unmeSa Adi kA bhI samyak bodha ho skegaa| isa taraha yaha granya prAcIna itihAsa, dharma, darzana, tattva-vidyA, bhASA, vyAkaraNa aura jaina, bauddha evaM vaidika vicAradhArA meM pallavita athavA tatkAlIna carcita viSayoM kA tulanAtmaka tathA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karane vAle anveSaka aura sAdhAraNa pAThaka ke lie bahuta upayogI * aura dizA sUcaka hogaa| pANDulipi kI pratilipi santoM dvArA prastuta pANDulipi ko niyamAnusAra avadhAra kara usakI pratilipi karane kA kArya Adarza sAhitya saMgha, 'curU' dvArA sampanna huA hai, jisake lie hama saMgha ke saMcAlakoM ke prati kRtajJa haiN| artha-vyavasthA isa grantha ke prakAzana kA vyaya virATanagara ( nepAla) nivAsI zrI rAmalAlajI haMsarAjajI golachA dvArA zrI haMsarAjajI hulAsacandajI golachA kI svargIyA mAtA zrI

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dhApIdevI (dharma-patnI zrI rAmalAlajI golachA) kI smRti meM pradatta nidhi se huA hai| etadartha isa anukaraNIya anudAna ke lie golachA-parivAra hArdika dhanyavAda kA pAtra hai| . ___ Agama-sAhitya prakAzana samiti kI ora se ukta nidhi se hone vAle prakAzana-kArya kI dekha-rekha ke lie nimna sajjanoM kI eka upasamiti gaThita kI gaI hai : (1) zrImAn hulAsacandajI golachA (2) " mohanalAlajI bA~ThiyA (3) " zrIcanda rAmapuriyA (4) " gopIcandajI caupar3A (5) " kevalacandajI nAhaTA sarvazrI zrIcanda rAmapuriyA evaM kevalacandajI nAhaTA ukta upasamiti ke saMyojaka cune gae haiN| Agama-sAhitya prakAzana-kArya mahAsabhA ke antargata gaThita Agama-sAhitya prakAzana samiti kA prakAzana-kArya jyoM-jyoM Age bar3ha rahA hai, tyoM-tyoM hRdaya meM Ananda kA pArAvAra nhiiN| maiM to apane jIvana ko eka sAdha hI pUrI hote dekha rahA huuN| isa avasara para maiM apane ananya bandhu aura sAthI sarva zrI govindarAmajI sarAvagI, mohanalAlajI bAMThiyA evaM khemacandajI seThiyA ko unakI mukta sevAoM ke lie hArdika dhanyavAda detA huuN| AbhAra AcArya zrI kI sudIrgha-dRSTi atyanta bhedinI hai| jahA~ eka ora jana-mAnasa kI AdhyAtmika aura naitika cetanA kI jAgRti ke vyApaka naitika AndolanoM meM unake amUlya jIvana-kSaNa laga rahe hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora Agama-sAhitya-gata jaina-saMskRti ke mUla-sandeza ko jana-vyApI banAne kA unakA upakrama bhI ananya aura stutya hai| jaina-AgamoM ko abhilaSita rUpa meM bhAratIya evaM videzI vidvAnoM ke sammukha lA dene kI AkAMkSA meM vAcanA pramukha ke rUpa meM AcArya zrI tulasI ne jo athaka parizrama apane kandhoM para liyA hai usake lie jainI hI nahIM apitu sArI bhAratIya janatA unake prati kRtajJa rhegii| nikAya saciva muni zrI nathamalajI kA sampAdana-kArya evaM terApantha saMgha ke anya vidvAn muni-vRnda ke sakriya sahayoga bhI vastutaH abhinandanIya haiN| hama AcArya zrI aura unake sAdhu-parivAra ke prati isa janahitakArI pavitra pravRtti ke lie natamastaka haiN| jaina zvetAmbara terApaMthI mahAsabhA zrIcanda rAmapuriyA 3, porcugIja carca sTrITa, kalakattA-1 saMyojaka 14 janavarI, 1968 Agama-sAhitya prakAzana samiti

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana

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viSayAnukrama prathama khaNDa pR0 1-25 & u wo .. % prakaraNa : pahalA 1. zramaNa aura vaidika paramparAe~ tathA unakA paurvAparya : zramaNa-sAhitya : vaidika-vAGmaya : zramaNa-sAhitya ke abhimata para eka dRSTi : vaidika-vAGamaya ke abhimata para eka dRSTi : jaina aura bauddha : bhagavAn pArzva : ariSTanemi 2. zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAgaaitihAsika astitva vAtarazana muni-vAtarazana zramaNa : kezI :vrAtya : vrAtya-kANDa ke kucha sUtra : arhan : asura aura arhat : asura aura vaidika Arya : asura aura Atma-vidyA : sAMskRtika virodha : purAtattva prakaraNa : dUsarA 1. zramaNa-saMskRti ke matavAda 2. zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu : paramparAgata ekatA : bhagavAn pArzva aura mahAtmA buddha : gozAlaka aura pUraNakazyapa . 20 - 21 26-59 tmA buddha . .. . . .

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-cAra uttarAdhyayana eka : samIkSAtmaka-adhyayana - 45 - 49 rrrr 9 06954 71 74 :vrata :jaina-dharma aura vrata-paramparA : brahmacarya aura aparigraha mahAvrata : saMnyAsa yA zrAmaNya : yajJa-pratirodha aura veda kA aprAmANya : jAti kI atAttvikatA : samatva kI bhAvanA va ahiMsA 57 prakaraNa : tIsarA 60-76 zramaNa aura vaidika paramparA kI pRSThabhUmi : dAna : snAna : katR vAda 67 : AtmA aura paraloka : svarga aura naraka : nirvANa prakaraNa : cauthA 77-89 1. Atma-vidyA-kSatriyoM kI dena 77 : Atma-vidyA kI paramparA : karma-vidyA aura Atma-vidyA : Atma-vidyA aura veda : zramaNa-paramparA aura kSatriya : Atma-vidyA ke lie brAhmaNoM dvArA kSatriyoM kI upAsanA : Atma-vidyA ke puraskartA : brAhmaNoM kI udAratA : Atma-vidyA aura ahiMsA prakaraNa : pA~cavA~ 60-119 1. mahAvIra kAlIna matavAda 2. jaina-dharma aura kSatriya 3. bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vihAra-kSetra 4. videzoM meM jaina-dharma 5. jaina-dharma-hindustAna ke vividha aMcaloM meM 77 GmW Wom

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100 103 106 106 107 106 106 110 111 112 112 viSayAnukrama : vihAra : baMgAla : ur3IsA : uttara pradeza : mathurA : campA : rAjasthAna : paMjAba aura siMdhu-sauvIra : madhya pradeza : saurASTra-gujarAta : bambaI-mahAgaSTra : narmadA taTa : dakSiNa bhArata 6. jaina-dharma kA hrAsa-kAla 7. jaina-dharma aura vaizya prakaraNa : chaTThA 1. mahAvIra tIrthaGkara the para jaina-dharma ke pravartaka nahIM 2. pArzva aura mahAvIra kA zAsana-bheda : cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvrata : sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya : rAtri-bhojana viramaNa : sacela aura acela pratikramaNa : avasthita aura anavasthita kalpa prakaraNa : sAtavA~ 1. sAdhanA-paddhati : sAdhya : sAdhana : sAdhanA 120-131 120 122 123 125 127 128 131 131 132-203 132 2. yoga . : bhAvanA-yoga : sthAna-yoga

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 142 143 147 148 146 150 152 152 154 154 156. 157 : Urdhva-sthAna-yoga : niSIdana-sthAna-yoga : zayana-sthAna-yoga : AsanoM ke artha-bheda : vIrAsana : padmAsana : daNDAyata : vartamAna meM karaNIya Asana : gamana-yoga : AtApanA-yoga . : tapoyoga : bAhya tapa : anazana : avamaudarya : bhikSAcarI (vRtti-saMkSepa) : rasa-parityAga : kAya-kleza :pratisaMlInatA : bAhya-tapa ke prayojana : bAhya-tapa ke pariNAma : Abhyantara-tapa : prAyazcitta : vinaya : vaiyAvRttya (sevA) : svAdhyAya : dhyAna : citta aura dhyAna : dhyAna ke prakAra : dhyAna kI maryAdAe~ : dhyAna aura prANAyAma : dhyAna aura samatva 158 158 162 163 164 165 166 168 166 173 178 186

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viSayAnukrama -sAta 187 188 160 161 196 167 166 200 202 : dhyAna aura zArIrika saMhanana : dhyAna kA kAlamAna : dhyAna siddhi ke hetu : dhyAna kA mahattva : vyutsarga : kAyotsarga : kAyotsarga kA uddezya .: kAyotsarga kI vidhi aura prakAra : kAyotsarga kA kAlamAna : kAyotsarga kA phala : kAyotsarga ke doSa :Abhyantara-tapa ke pariNAma 3. bAhya-jagat aura hama 4. sAmAcArI 5. caryA 6. Avazyaka karma prakaraNa : AThavA~ 1. dharma kI dhAraNA ke hetu dRSTikoNa : paralokavAdI dRSTikoNa :: trivarga aura caturvarga : pariNAmavAdI dRSTikoNa - : vyaktivAdI dRSTikoNa ... : ekatva aura atrANAtmaka dRSTikoNa : anityavAdI dRSTikoNa :: saMsAra bhAvanA 2. dharma-zraddhA 3. bAhya-saMgoM kA tyAga kyoM ? 4. zrAmaNya aura kAya-kleza : mahAvrata aura kAya-kleza : parISaha aura kAya-kleza 4-226 204 204 206 206 213 213 215 215 216 217 218 221 222 222

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-ATha uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 223 227-252 227 228 lh lh sh 231 231 : anekAnta dRSTi prakaraNa : navA~ 1. tattva-vidyA : upaniSad aura sRSTi : bauddha-darzana aura vizva : jaina-darzana aura vizva : mUrta-amUrta : paramANuvAda jIva vibhAga : sthAvara sRSTi : sthUla pRthvI : sthUla jala : sthUla vanaspati : trasa sRSTi : agni aura vAyu : abhiprAya pUrvaka gati karane vAle trasa : dRzya jagat aura parivartanazIla sRSTi 2. karmavAda aura lezyA : karma-caitanya para prabhAva : lezyA-cetana aura acetana ke saMyoga kA mAdhyama : DaoN0 harmana jekobI ke abhimata kI samIkSA : lezyA kI paribhASA aura vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra 233 233. 233 234 234 240 240 241 242 242 246 dvitIya khaNDa prakaraNa : pahalA kathAnaka saMkramaNa : prastuta carcA : bauddha pariSada . mahAbhArata kA racanAkAla. : jaina Agama vAcanAe~ : sadRza kathAnaka 255-357 255 256 256 257 256 961

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viSayAnukrama 284 315 347 358-370 358 356 362 364 : harikezabala : citta sambhUta : iSukAra : nami pravrajyA prakaraNa dUsarA pratyeka buddha : karakaNDu : dvimukha : nami : naggati (nagagati) prakaraNa : tIsarA bhaugolika paricaya . : videha aura mithilA : kamboja mAJcAla aura kAmpilla : hastinApura : purimatAla : dazArNa : kAzI aura varANasI : iSukAra (usuyAra) nagara : kaliMga : gAMdhAra : sauvIra : sugrIva nagara : magadha :kauzAmbI campA : pihuMDa : soriyapura dvArakA zrAvastI 371-385 371 371 373 373 374 375 376 377 378 378 376 380 380 380 380 mr m UUU ur 384

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-dasa uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prakaraNa : cauthA ... 386-400 dhyakti paricaya prakaraNa : pA~cavA~ 401-438 1. nikSepa-paddhatti 401 : aMga 401 : karaNa '403 : saMyoga 405 2. nirukta 407 3. sabhyatA aura saMskRti : rAjA aura yuvarAja 413 : antaHpura 413 : nyAya 414 :kara-vyavasthA 414 : aparAdha aura daNDa : coroM ke prakAra : daNDa-vyavasthA : guptacara 416 : niHsvAmika dhana : yuddha : zastra 418 : surakSA ke sAdhana 418 : antardezIya vyApAra : zillI varga 420 : sikkA 420 : dInAra : yAna-vAhana : AkheTa karma 422 : pazu : pazuoM kA bhojana : janapada 423 415 415 417 417 416 421 421 422 423

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viSayAnukrama... -gyAraha-. : janapada kA mukhya bhAga prAsAda-gRha : aTavI aura udyAna / prakRti vizleSaNa : vivAha : svayaMvara : gandharva-vivAha : bahupatnI prathA : talAka prathA aura vaivAhika zulka : daheja . : sautiyA DAha . : yavanikA kA prayoga : vezyA : prasAdhana : bhojana * dAsa prathA : vidyArthI : vyasana / malla-vidyA : roga aura cikitsA : maMtra aura vidyA : matavAda : tApasa : vikIrNa 224 425 425 426 426 427 427 428 428 426 426 430 430 430 430 0 0 431 432 433 434 434 435 437 437 438 prakaraNa : chaTThA tulanAtmaka adhyayana prakaraNa : sAtavA~ upamA aura dRSTAnta : upamAeM dRSTAnta 439-455 436 456-462 456 456 461

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-bAraha 463-470 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - prakaraNa : AThavA~ chandovimarza prakaraNa : nauvA~ vyAkaraNa-vimarza : sandhi : kAraka 471-488 471 471 :vacana 473 477 833 476 : samAsa : pratyaya : liGga : kriyA aura arddha kriyA : ArSa-prayoga : vizeSa vimarza prakaraNa : dasavA~ paribhASA-pada prakaraNa : gyArahavA~ sUkta aura zikSA-pada 480 482 484 485 481-498 499-514

Page #30
prakaraNa : pahalA 1-zramaNa aura vaidika paramparAe~ tathA unakA paurvAparya hindustAna meM zramaNa aura vaidika-ye do paramparAeM bahuta prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI haiN| inakA astitva aitihAsika kAla se Age prAg-aitihAsika kAla meM bhI jAtA hai| inameM kauna pahale thI aura kauna pIche huI, yaha prazna bahuta carcanIya aura vivAdAspada hai| yaha prazna vivAdAspada. isalie banA ki zramaNa-paramparA ke samarthaka zramaNa paramparA ko prAcIna pramANita karate haiM aura vaidika-paramparA ke samarthaka vaidika-paramparA ko / zramaNa-sAhitya kI ni hai ki vaidika-paramparA zramaNa-paramparA se udbhUta huI hai aura vaidikavAGmaya kI dhvani hai ki zramaNa-paramparA vaidika-paramparA se udbhUta huI hai| zramaNa-sAhitya ___bhagavAn RSabha prAga-aitihAsika kAla meM hue| ve jaina-paramparA ke Adi tIrthaGkara the aura dharma-paramparA ke bhI prathama pravartaka the| unake putra samrATa bharata ne eka svAdhyAyazIla zrAvaka maNDala kI sthApanA kii| eka dina una zrAvakoM ko AmaMtrita kara bharata ne kahA-"Apa pratidina mere ghara para bhojana kiyA kareM, khetI, vyApAra Adi na kreN| adhika samaya svAdhyAya meM lgaaeN| pratidina mujhe yaha cetAvanI diyA kareM-Apa parAjita ho rahe haiM, bhaya bar3ha rahA hai, isalie 'mA hana, mA hana,'-hiMsA na kareM, hiMsA na kreN|" _ unhoMne vaisA hI kAma karanA zurU kiyaa| bharata cakravartI thaa| vaha rAjya-cintA aura bhogoM meM kabhI pramatta ho jaataa| unakI cetAvanI sunakara socatA- "maiM kinase parAjita ho rahA hU~ ? bhaya kisa ora se bar3ha rahA hai ?" isa cintana se vaha tatkAla samajha jAtA.-"mai kaSAya se parAjita ho rahA hU~ aura kaSAya se bhaya bar3ha rahA hai|" vaha tatkAla apramatta ho jaataa| ___ ve zrAvaka cakravartI kI rasoI meM hI bhojana karate the| unake sAtha-sAtha aura bhI bahuta loga Ane lge| rasoiyoM ke sAmane eka samasyA khar3I ho gii| ve bhojana karane vAloM ko bAr3ha se ghabar3A ge| unhoMne cakravartI se nivedana kiyA-"patA nahIM kauna zrAvaka hai aura kauna zrAvaka nahIM hai ? bhojana ke lie itane loga Ane lage haiM ki una sabako bhojana karAne meM hama asamartha haiN|" . samrATa ne kahA- "kala jo bhojana karane AeM unheM pUcha-pUcha kara bhojana karAnA aura jo zrAvaka hoM, unheM mere pAsa le aanaa|"

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dUsare dina bhojana karane vAle Ae / taba rasoiyoM ne pUchA- "Apa kauna haiM ?" "zrAvaka / " "zrAvaka ke kitane vrata hote haiM ?" "paaNc|" "zikSA vrata kitane hai "saat|" jinhoMne yaha uttara diyA una sabako ve rasoie samrATa ke pAsa le ge| samrATa ne apane kAkaNI ratna se unake vakSa para tIna rekhAe~ khIMca dIM / ve 'mAhana' 'mAhana' kahate the isalie 'mAhana' yA 'brAhmaNa' kahalAne lge| bharata ke putra AdityayazA ne brAhmaNoM ke lie sone ke yajJopavIta bnvaae| mahAyazA Adi uttaravartI rAjAoM ne cA~dI, sUtra Adi ke yajJopavIta banavAe / brAhmaNa bharata dvArA pUjita the isalie dUsare loga bhI unheM dAna dene lge| bharata ne unake svAdhyAya ke lie vedoM kI racanA kii| una vedoM meM zrAvaka-dharma kA pratipAdana thaa| narve tIrthaGkara suvidhinAtha kA nirvANa hone ke kucha samaya pazcAt sAdhu-saMgha kA viccheda ho gyaa| una brAhmaNoM aura una vedoM kA bhI viccheda ho gyaa| vartamAna ke brAhmaNa aura veda unake bAda kI sRSTi haiM / isa prakAra Avazyaka niyuktikAra ( I0 san 100-200 ) kI kalpanA ke anusAra bharata dvArA cihnita zrAvaka mUla brAhmaNa haiM aura bharata dvArA nirmita veda hI mUla veda haiN| ina sabakI utpatti kA Adi srota jaina-paramparA hai| isa viSaya meM zrImad bhAgavata ke skaMdha 5, adhyAya 4 tathA skaMdha 11, adhyAya 2 draSTavya haiM / . vaidika-vAGmaya - DaoN. lakSmaNa zAstrI ne vaidika-saMskRti ko zramaNa-saMskRti kA mUla mAnA hai| unakA abhimata hai-"jaina tathA bauddha dharma bhI vaidika-saMskRti kI hI zAkhAeM haiN| yadyapi sAmAnya manuSya inheM vaidika nahIM maantaa| sAmAnya manuSya kI isa bhrAnta dhAraNA kA kAraNa hai mUlataH ina zAkhAoM ke veda-virodha kI klpnaa| saca to yaha hai ki jainoM aura bauddhoM kI tItoM aMtima kalpanAe~-karma-vipAka, saMsAra kA baMdhana aura mokSa yA mukti-antatogatvA vaidika hI haiM / " 2 kucha Age likhA hai-"jaina tathA bauddha dharma vedAnta kI yAni upaniSadoM kI vicAradhArAoM ke vikasita rUpa haiN|"3 kavivara dinakara ne likhA hai- "vaidika-dharma pUrNa nahIM hai, isakA pramANa upaniSadoM 1-Avazyaka niyukti, gA0 361-366 ; vRtti patra 235,236 / 2-baidika saMskRti kA vikAsa, pR0 15 // 3-vahI, pR0 16 /

Page #32
khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 1 1-zramaNa aura vaidika paramparAeM tathA unakA paurvAparya 3 meM hI milane lagA thA aura yadyapi vaidikoM kI prAmANikatA meM upaniSadoM ne saMdeha nahIM kiyA, kintu vaidika-dharma ke kAmya svarga ko ayatheSTa batAkara vedoM kI eka prakAra kI AlocanA upaniSadoM ne ho zurU kara dI thii| veda sabase adhika mahattva yajJa ko dete the| yajJoM kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa samAja meM brAhmaNoM kA sthAna bahuta pramukha ho gayA thA / ina sArI bAtoM kI samAja meM AlocanA calane lagI aura logoM ko yaha saMdeha hone lagA ki manuSya aura usakI mukti ke bIca meM brAhmaNa kA AnA sacamuca hI ThIka nahIM hai / AlocanA kI isa pravRtti ne bar3hate-bar3hate, Akhira IsA se 600 varSa pUrva taka Akara vaidika-dharma ke khilApha khule vidroha ko janma diyA jisakA susaMgaThita rUpa jaina aura bauddha dharmoM meM pragaTa huaa|" ___DaoN0 satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra ne jaina aura bauddha-dharma kA naI dhArmika sudhAraNA ke rUpa meM aMkana kiyA hai| unake zabdoM meM-"isa naI dhArmika sudhAraNA ne yajJoM ke rUr3hivAda va samAja meM UMca-nIca ke bhedabhAva ke viruddha AvAja uThAkara prAcIna Arya-dharma kA punaruddhAra karane kA prayatna kiyA / "2 zramaNa-sAhitya ke abhimata para eka dRSTi niyukti tathA purANa granthoM meM brAhmaNa aura vedoM kI utpati jaina srota se batalAI gaI hai / Avazyaka niyukti kI vyAkhyA ko hama eka rUpaka mAneM to usakA artha jaina-paramparA kA vaidika-paramparA ke sAtha sAmaJjasya sthApita karanA hogA aura yadi use yathArtha mAne to usakA artha yaha hogA ki jaina-paramparA meM bhI brAhmaNa, veda aura yajJopavIta kA sthAna rahA hai| vaidika-vAGmaya ke abhimata para eka dRSTi ___DaoN0 lakSmaNa zAstrI ne karma-vipAka, saMsAra kA baMdhana aura mokSa yA mukti-ina tonoM kalpanAoM ko vaidika mAnakara jaina aura bauddhoM ko vaidika saMskRti kI zAkhA mAnane kA sAhasa kiyA, kintu saca to yaha hai ki karma-bandhana aura mukti kI kalpanA sarvathA. avaidika hai| upaniSadoM ke RSi zramaNa-saMskRti se kitane prabhAvita the yA ve svayaM zramaNa ho the, isa para hameM Age vicAra karanA hai| ___ jaina-dharma vaidika-dharma ke kriyA-kANDoM ke prati vidroha karane ke lie samutpanna dharma nahIM hai aura Arya-dharma ke punaruddhAra ke rUpa meM bhI usakA udaya nahIM huA hai| ye sArI dhAraNAeM sAmayika dRSTikoNa se banI huI haiN| 1-saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya (dvitIya saMskaraNa), pR0 102 / 2-pATalIputra kI kathA, pR0 67-68 /

Page #33
uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana saca to yaha hai ki zramaNa aura vaidika donoM paramparAeM svataMtra rUpa se udbhUta haiM / donoM eka sAtha rahane ke kAraNa eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karatI rahI haiM, isIlie kisI ne yaha kalpanA kI ki zramaNa-paramparA vaidika-paramparA se udbhUta hai| kintu ye donoM parikalpanAeM vastu-sthiti se dUra haiN| jaina aura bauddha zramaNa-paramparA meM aneka sampradAya the, kintu kAla ke avirala pravAha meM jaina aura bauddha-ye do bace, zeSa saba vilIna ho gae-kucha miTa gae, kucha jaina-paramparA meM mila gae aura kucha vaidika-paramparA meN| ___ do zatAbdI pUrva jaba pazcimI vidvAnoM ne bhAratIya itihAsa kI khoja prArambha kI to unhoMne bauddha aura jaina paramparA meM apUrva sAmya pAyA / bauddha-dharma aneka dezoM meM phailA huA thaa| usakA sAhitya sulabha thaa| vidvAnoM ne usakA adhyayana zurU kiyA aura bauddhadarzana para pracura mAtrA meM likhA gyaa| ___ jaina-dharma usa samaya bhArata se bAhara kahIM bhI prApta nahIM thaa| usakA sAhitya bhI durlabha thA / usakA adhyayana paryApta rUpa se nahIM kiyA jA skaa| eka sImita adhyayana ke AdhAra para kucha pazcimI vidvAn truTipUrNa niSkarSoM para phuNce| buddha aura mahAvIra ke jIvana-darzana kI samAnatA dekhakara kucha vidvAn mAnane lage ki buddha aura mahAvIra eka hI vyakti haiN| pro0 vebara ne ukta mAnyatA kA khaNDana kiyA kintu ve isa niSkarSa para pahuMce ki jaina-dharma bauddha-dharma kI zAkhA hai|' ___DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne ina donoM mAnyatAoM kA khaNDana kara yaha pramANita kiyA ki jaina-dharma bauddha-dharma se svataMtra hI nahIM, kintu usase bahuta prAcIna hai| bhagavAn pArzva ___ DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne bhagavAn pArzva ko aitihAsika vyakti pramANita kiyaa| phira isa viSaya kI puSTi aneka vidvAnoM ne kii| DaoN. bAsama kA abhimata hai : "bhagavAn mahAvIra bauddha-piTakoM meM buddha ke pratispardhI ke rUpa meM aMkita kie gae haiM isalie unakI 1. Indische Studien, XVI, p. 210. 2. The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXII, Introduction pp. 18-22. 3. The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV, Introduction p. 21 : "That Parsva was a historical person, is now admitted by all as very probable ;..."

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 1 1-zramaNa aura vaidika paramparAeM tathA unakA paurvAparya 5 aitihAsikatA asaMdigdha hai| bhagavAn pArzva caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM meM se teIsaveM tIrthaGkara ke rUpa meM prakhyAta the|"1 DaoN. vimalAcaraNa laoN ke anusAra bhagavAna pArzva ke dharma kA pracAra bhArata ke uttaravartI kSatriyoM meM thaa| vaizAlI usakA mukhya kendra thA / 2 vRjjigaNa ke pramukha mahArAja ceTaka bhagavAn pArzva ke anuyAyI the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAtA-pitA bhI bhagavAn pArzva ke dharma kA pAlana karate the| kapilavastu meM bhI pArzva kA dharma phailA huA thaa| vahA~ nyagrodhArAma meM zAkya nirgrantha zrAvaka 'vappa' ke sAtha buddha kA saMvAda huA thaa|" bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUrva jaina-dharma ke siddhAMta sthira ho cuke the| DaoN. cArla sarapeMTiyara ne likhA hai-hameM ina do bAtoM kA bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki jaina-dharma nizcita rUpeNa mahAvIra se prAcIna hai ; unake prakhyAta pUrvagAmI pArzva prAyaH nizcita rUpeNa eka vAstavika vyakti ke rUpa meM vidyamAna raha cuke haiM evaM pariNAma svarUpa mUla siddhAMtoM kI mukhya bAteM mahAvIra se bahuta pahale sUtra rUpa dhAraNa kara cukI hoNgii| ____ gautama buddha aura varddhamAna mahAvIra se pUrvavartI puruSa ke rUpa meM pArzva kA ullekha karate hue batAyA gayA hai-"nAtaputta ( zrI mahAvIra varddhamAna ) ke pUrvagAmI unhIM kI mAnyatA 1. The Wonder That Was India ( A. L. Basham, B.A., Ph.D., F. R. A. S), Reprinted 1956, pp. 287-88. "As he (Vardhamana Mahavira) is referred to in the Buddhist scriptures as one of the Buddha's chief opponents, his historicity is beyond doubt. .........Parswa was remembered as the twenty-third of the twenty-four great tcachers Or :: Tirthankaras "ford-makers' of the Jaina faith." . 2. Kshatriya clans in Buddhist India, p. 82. 3-upadezamAlA, zloka 92 : vesAlIe purIe siripaasjinnessaasnnsnnaaho| hehayakulasaMmUo ceDaganAmAnivoasi // 4-AcArAMga, 2 / 3 / 401 / 5-aMguttara nikAya, catuSkanipAta, mahAvarga vappasutta, bhAga 2, pR0 210-213 / 6. The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Introduction p. 21 : "We ought also to remember both that the Jain religion is certainly older than Mahavira, his reputed predecessor Parsva having almost certainly existed as a real person, and that, consequently, the main points of the original doctrine may have been codified long before Mahavira."

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vAle aneka tIrthaGkaroM meM unakA (jainoM kA ) vizvAsa hai aura inameM se aMtima pArzva yA pArzvanAtha ke prati ve vizeSa zraddhA vyakta karate haiN| unakI yaha mAnyatA ThIka bhI hai kyoMki aMtima vyakti paurANika se adhika hai| vaha vastutaH jaina-dharma ke rAjavaMzI saMsthApaka the jabaki unake anuyAyI mahAvIra kaI pIr3hayoM se unase choTe the aura unheM mAtra sudhAraka hI mAnA jA sakatA hai| gautama ke samaya meM hI pArzva dvArA sthApita 'nimAntha' nAma se prasiddha dhArmika saMgha eka pUrva saMsthApita sampradAya thA aura bauddha-granthoM ke anusAra usane bauddha-dharma ke utthAna meM aneka bAdhAeM ddaalii|"1 bhagavAn pArzva kA vyaktitva aitihAsika pramANita hone para yaha prazna uThA-"kyA pArzva hI jaina-dharma ke pravartaka the ?" isake uttara meM DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne likhA hai-"kintu yaha pramANita karane ke lie koI AdhAra nahIM hai ki pArzva jana-dharma ke saMsthApaka the / jaina-- paramparA RSabha ko prathama tIrthaGkara ( Adya saMsthApaka) batAne meM sarvasammata hai| paramparA meM kucha aitihAsikatA bhI ho sakatI hai jo unheM prathama tIrthaGkara mAnya karatI hai / "2. - DaoN. rAdhAkRSNana ne bhI isI abhimata kI puSTi kI hai| unhoMne likhA hai-"jainaparamparA ke anusAra jaina-dharma kA pravartana RSabhadeva ne kiyA thaa| ve aneka zatAbdiyoM pahale ho cuke haiM / yaha asaMdigdha rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki jana-dharma kA astitva varddhamAna aura pArzva se pahale bhI thaa|"3 1. Harmsworth, History of the world, Vol. II, p. 1198 : "They, the Jainas believe in a great number of prophets of their faith anterior of Nataputta (Mahavira Vardhmana ) and pay special reverence to the last of these, ParSwa 'or Parswa Natha. Herein they are correct, in so far as the latter personality is more than mythical. He was indeed the royal founder of Jainism (776 B.C.) while his successor Mahavira was younger by many generations and can be considered only as a reformer. As early as the time of Gotama, the religious confraternity founded by parswa, and known as the Nirgrantha, was a formally established sect, and according to the Buddhist chronicles, threw numerous difficulties in the way of the rising Buddhism". 2. Indian Antiquary, Vol. IX, p. 163. "But there is nothing to prove that Parswa was the founder of Jainism. Jaina tradition is unanimous in making Rsabha, the first Tirthankara, as its founder. There may be something his torical in the tradition which makes him the first Tirthankara". 3. Indian Philosophy, Vol. I, p. 287.

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 1 1-zramaNa aura vaidika paramparAeM tathA unakA paurvAparya7 ariSTanemi ariSTanemi bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara the / unheM abhI taka pUrNata: aitihAsika vyakti nahIM mAnA gayA hai kintu vAsudeva kRSNa ko yadi aitihAsika vyakti mAnA jAya to ariSTanemi ko aitihAsika na mAnane kA koI kAraNa nhiiN| kaurava, pANDava, jarAsaMdha, dvArakA, yaduvaMza, andhaka, vRSNi Adi kA astitva nahIM mAnane kA koI kAraNa nhiiN| paurANika vistAra va kalpanA ko svIkAra na kareM phira bhI ye kucha mUlabhUta tathya zeSa raha jAte haiN| RSi-bhASita ( isi-bhAsiya ) meM 45 pratyeka buddhoM ke dvArA nirUpita 45 adhyayana haiN| unameM 20 pratyeka buddha bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke tIrthakAla meM hue the| unake dvArA nirUpita adhyayana ariSTanemi ke astitva ke svayaMbhUta pramANa haiN| Rgveda meM 'ariSTanemi' zabda cAra vAra AyA hai / 2 "svasti nastAryo ariSTanemiH" ( Rgveda, 1 / 14 / 86 / 6 ) meM ariSTanemi zabda bhagavAn ariSTanemi kA vAcaka honA caahie| mahAbhArata meM 'tArthya' zabda ariSTanemi ke paryAyavAcI nAma ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai / ' tArthya ariSTanemi ne rAjA sagara ko jo mokSa viSayaka upadeza diyA usakI tulanA jaina-dharma ke mokSa sambandhI siddhAMtoM se hotI hai / vaha upadeza isa prakAra hai: "sagara ! saMsAra meM mokSa kA sukha hI vAstavika sukha hai, parantu jo dhana-dhAnya ke upArjana meM vyagra tathA putra aura pazuoM meM Asakta hai, usa mUr3ha manuSya ko usakA yathArthajJAna nahIM hotaa| jisakI buddhi viSayoM meM Asakta hai ; jisakA mana azAnta rahatA hai, aise manuSya kI cikitsA karanI kaThina hai, kyoMki jo sneha ke baMdhana meM baMdhA huA hai, vaha mUr3ha mokSa pAne ke lie yogya nahIM hotaa|"4 isa samUce adhyAya meM saMsAra kI asAratA, mokSa kI mahattA, usake lie prayatnazIla hone aura mukta ke svarUpa kA nirUpaNa hai / sagara ke kAla meM vaidika loga mokSa meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the, isalie yaha upadeza kisI vaidika RSi kA nahIM ho sakatA / yahA~ 'tArkSya ariSTanemi' kA prayoga bhagavAn ariSTanemi ke lie hI honA caahie| 1-isi-bhAsiyAI, pR0 297, pariziSTa 1, gAthA 1: patteya buddhamisiNo vIsaM tittha arittnnemiss| 2-Rgveda, 1314 / 89 / 6 ; 1124 / 180 / 10 ; 3 / 4 / 53 / 17 ; 10 / 12 / 178 / 1 / 3-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 2884 : evamuktastadA tAyaH sarvazAstravidAM vrH| vibudhya sampadaM cAgrayAM sadvAkyamidamabravIt // 4-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 2885,6 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana lagatA hai ki Rgveda ke vyAkhyAkAroM ne usakA artha-parivartana kiyA hai| ariSTanemi vizeSaNa hI nahIM hai| prAcIna kAla meM yaha nAma hotA thaa| mahAbhArata meM marIci ke putra ke do nAma batalAe gae haiM-ariSTanemi aura kshyp| kucha loga use ariSTanemi kahate aura kucha loga kazyapa / ' Rgveda meM bhI tArthya ariSTanemi kI stuti kI gaI hai / 2 ariSTanemi kA nAma mahAvIra aura buddha-kAla meM mahApuruSoM kI sUcI meM pracalita thaa| laMkAvatAra ke tRtIya parivartana meM buddha ke aneka nAmoM meM ariSTanemi kA bhI nAma hai| vahA~ likhA hai--"jisa prakAra eka hI vastu ke aneka nAma prayukta hote haiM, usI prakAra buddha ke asaMkhya nAma hai| koI unheM tathAgata kahate haiM to koI unheM svayaMbhU, nAyaka, vinAyaka, pariNAyaka, buddha, RSi, vRSabha, brAhmaNa, viSNu, Izvara, pradhAna, kapila, bhUtAnta, bhASkara, ariSTanemi, rAma, vyAsa, zuka, indra, bali, varuNa Adi nAmoM se pukArate haiN|' prabhAsapurANa meM ariSTanemi aura zrIkRSNa kA sambandhita ullekha hai| ariSTanemi kA revata ( giranAra ) parvata se bhI sambandha batAyA gayA hai / aura vahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki vAmana ne neminAtha ko ziva ke nAma se pukArA thaa| vAmana ne giranAra para bali ko bA~dhane kA sAmarthya pAne ke lie bhagavAn neminAtha ke Age tapa tapA thaa| __ ina uddhAraNoM se zrIkRSNa aura ariSTanemi ke parivArika tathA dhArmika sambandha kI puSTi hotI hai / uttarAdhyayana ke bAIsaveM adhyayana se bhI yahI pramANita hotA hai / prophesara prANanAtha ne prabhAsa pATaNa se prApta tAmrapatra ko isa prakAra par3hA hai-revA 1-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 208 / 8 : marIceH kazyapaH putrastasya dve nAmanI smRte / ariSTanemirityeke kazyapetyapare viduH // 2-Rgveda, 10 // 12 // 178 / 1 / / tyamU Su vAjinaM devajUtaM sahAvAnaM takhtAraM rathAnAm / ariSTanemi pRtanAjamAzuM svastaye tAryamihA huvema // 3-bauddha dharma darzana, pR0 162 / / 4-vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dekheM "kahat ariSTanemi aura bAsudeva kRSNa / "

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 1 1-zramaNa aura vaidika paramparAeM tathA unakA paurvAparya nagara ke rAjya ke svAmi su-jAti ke deva nebuzara nejara Ae haiN| vaha vadurAja ke sthAna (dvArikA) Ae haiM / unhoMne maMdira banavAyA hai / sUrya-devanemi ki jo svarga samAna revata parvata ke deva haiM (unheM) sadaiva ke lie arpaNa kiyaa|' bAvala ke samrAToM meM nevuzara aura nejara nAmaka do samrATa hue haiN| pahale kA samaya I0 san se lagabhaga do hajAra varSa pahale hai aura dUsare I0 san pUrva chaThI yA 7 zatI meM hue haiM / ina donoM meM se eka ne dvArikA Akara revata (giranAra) parvata para bhagavAn neminAtha kA maMdira banavAyA thaa| isa prakAra sAhitya va tAmra-patra-lekha-donoM se ariSTanemi kA astitva pramANita hotA hai| 1-gujarAtI 'jaina', bhAga 35, pR0 2 / 2-saMkSipta jaina itihAsa, bhAga 1, pR0 9 /

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2-zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAga-aitihAsika astitva Arya loga hindustAna meM Ae usase pahale yahA~ eka UMcI sabhyatA, saMskRti aura dharma-cetanA vidyamAna thii| vaha vaidika paramparA nahIM thii| yaha mohanajodar3o aura har3appA kI khudAI se prApta dhvaMsAvazeSoM se pramANita ho cukA hai| purAtattvavidoM ke anusAra jo avazeSa mile haiM, unase vaidika dharma kA koI sambandha nahIM hai| unakA sambandha zramaNa-saMskRti se hai| ataH yaha pramANita hotA hai ki Aryo ke Agamana se pUrva yahA~ zramaNa-saMskRti vikasita avasthA meM thii| isa tathya kI saMpuSTi ke lie hama sAhitya aura purAtattva donoM kA avalambana leNge| bhAratIya sAhitya meM veda bahuta prAcIna mAne jAte haiN| unameM tathA unake pArzvavartI granthoM meM Ae hue kucha zabda-vAtarazana-muni, vAtarazana-zramaNa, kezI, vrAtya aura arhanzramaNa-saMskRti ko prAga-aitihAsikatA ke pramANa haiN| vAtarazana-muni-vAtarazana-zramaNa Rgveda meM vAtarazana-muni kA prayoga milatA hai munayo vAta'razanAH pizaMgA vasate malA / vAtasyAnu dhrAjim yanti yaddevAso avikSata // ' isI prakaraNa meM 'mauneya' zabda bhI prayukta huA hai| vAtarezana-muni apanI 'mauneya' kI anubhUti meM kahatA hai-"munibhAva se pramudita hokara hama vAyu meM sthita ho gae haiN| maryo ! tuma hamArA zarIra mAtra dekhate ho|"2 taittirIyAraNyaka meM zramaNoM ko 'vAtarazana-RSi' aura 'UrdhvamanthI' kahA gayA hai vAtarazanA havA RSayaH zramaNA Urdhvamanthino babhUvuH / ye zramaNa bhagavAn RSabha ke hI ziSya haiM / zrImadbhAgavata meM RSabha ko jina zramaNoM ke dharma kA pravartaka batAyA gayA hai, unake lie ye hI vizeSaNa prayukta kie gae haiM 1-Rgveda, 10 / 11 / 136 / 2 / 2-vahI, 10 / 11 / 136 / 3 : unmaditA mauneyana vAtA~ A tasthimA vayam / zarIredasmAkaM yUyaM martAso abhi pazyatha // 3-taittirIyAraNyaka, 2071, pR0 137 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 1 2-zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAga-aitihAsika astitva 11 'dharmAn dirzayitukAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAmRSINAmUrdhvamanthinAM zuklayA tanunAvatatAra / ' __ arthAt bhagavAna RSabha zramaNoM, RSiyoM tathA brahmacAriyoM ( UrdhvamanthinaH ) kA dharma prakaTa karane ke lie zukla-sattvamaya vigraha se prakaTa hue / vaidika-sAhitya meM muni kA ullekha virala hai, kintu isakA kAraNa yaha nahIM ki usa samaya muni nahIM the| ve the, apane dhyAna meM magna the / purohitoM ke bhautika jagat se pare ve apane cintana meM lIna rahate the aura putrotpAdana yA dakSiNA-grahaNa ke kAryoM se bhI dUra rahate the| muni ke isa vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki ve kisI vaidiketara paramparA ke the| vaidika jagat meM yajJa-saMsthAna hI saba kucha thii| vahA~ saMnyAsa yA muni-pada ko sthAna nahIM milA thaa| vAtarazana zabda bhI zramaNoM kA sUcaka hai| taittirIyAraNyaka aura zrImadbhAgavata dvArA isa tathya kI puSTi hotI rahI hai| zramaNa kA ullekha bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad aura rAmAyaNa Adi meM bhI hotA rahA hai| kezI ___ Rgveda ke jisa prakaraNa meM vAtarazana-muni kA ullekha hai, usI meM kezI kI stuti kI gaI hai kezyagniM kezI viSaM kezI bibharti rodsii| kezI vizvaM svadRze kezIdaM jyoti rucyate // ' yaha 'kezI' bhagavAn RSabha kA vAcaka hai / vAtarazana ke saMdarbha meM yaha kalpanA karanA koI sAhasa kA kAma nahIM hai / bhagavAn RSabha ke kezI hone kI paramparA jaina-sAhitya meM Aja bhI upalabdha hai| ___ bhagavAn RSabha jaba muni bane taba unhoMne cAra muSTi keza-loca kiyA jabaki . sAmAnya paramparA pA~ca-muSTi keza-loca karane kI hai| bhagavAn keza-loca kara rahe the, donoM pArzva-bhAgoM kA keza-loca karanA bAkI thA / taba devarAja zakrendra ne bhagavAn se 1-zrImadbhAgavata, 5 // 3 // 20 / 2-vaidika koza, pR0 383 / 3-bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4 / 3 / 22 / 4-bAlakANDa, sage 14, zlo022: tapasA muMjate cApi, zramaNA bhujate tathA / 5-Rgveda, 10 / 11 / 136 / 1 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prArthanA kI-"itanI ramaNIya keza-rAzi ko isI prakAra rahane deN|" bhagavAn ne usakI bAta mAnI aura use vaise hI rahane diyaa| isIlie bhagavAn RSabha kI mUrti ke kaMdhoM para Aja bhI kezoM kI vallarikA kI jAtI haiM / dhuMgharAle aura kaMdhoM taka laTakate hue bAla unakI pratimA ke pratIka haiN|' bhagavAn RSabha kI pratimAoM ko jaTA-zekhara yukta kahA gayA hai / 2 kezI vRSabha prAga-vaidika the aura zramaNa-saMskRti ke Adi-srota-yaha isa kezI-stuti se spaSTa hai| ___ Rgveda meM kezI aura vRSabha kA eka sAtha ullekha milatA hai / mudgala RSi kI gAeM (indriyA~) curAI jA rahI thIM, taba RSi ke sArathI kezI vRSabhaM ke vacana se ve apane sthAna para lauTa AI arthAt RSabha ke upadeza se ve antarmukhI ho gii| vrAtya ___ atharvaveda ke vrAtya-kANDa kA sambandha kisI brAhmaNetara paramparA se hai| AcArya sAyaNa ne vrAtya ko vidvattama, mahAdhikAra, puNyazIla, vizva-sammAnya aura brAhmaNa-viziSTa kahA 1-jambUdvIpa prajJapti, vakSaskAra 2, sU0 30 : cauhiM aTThAhiM loaM krei| vRtti-tIrthakRtAM paMcamuSTilocasambhave'pi asya bhagavatazcaturmuSTikalocagocaraH zrIhemAcAryakRtaRSabhacaritrAdyabhiprAyo'yaM'prathamamekayA muSTyA smazrukUrcayorloce tisRbhizca ziroloce kRte ekAM muSTimava ziSyamANAM pavanAndolitAM kanakAvadAtayoH prabhuskandhayorupari luThantIM bharakatopamAnamAbibhratIM paramaramaNIyAM vIkSya pramodamAnena zakreNa bhagavan ! mayyanugrahaM vidhAya dhriyatAmiya mitthameveti vijJapte bhagavatApisA tathaiva rakSiteti, 'na hokAMtabhaktAnAM yAcyAmanugrahItAraH khaNDayantI'ti, ata evedAnImapi zrIRSabhamUrtI skandhopari vallarikA kriynte| 2-(ka) tiloyapannattI, 4 / 230 : __ AdijiNappaDimAo, tAo jddmuddsehrillaao| paDimovarimmi gaMgA, abhisittumaNA va sA paDadi // (kha) tiloyasAra, 590 : sirigihasIsaTThiyaMbuakaNNiyasiMhAsaNaM jaDAmaulaM / jiNanAbhisittumaNA vA, odiNNA matthae gaMgA // 3-Rgveda, 10 / 9 / 102 / 6 : kakardave vRSabho yukta AsIdavAvacItsArathirasya kezI / dudheryuktasya dravataH sahAnasa Rcchanti mA niSpado mudgalAnIm // ..

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 1 2-zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAga-aitihAsika astitva 13 hai / ' tathA vrAtya-kANDa kI bhUmikA ke prasaMga meM unhoMne likhA hai- "isameM vrAtya kI stuti kI gaI hai / upanayanAdi se hIna manuSya vrAtya kahalAtA hai| aise manuSya ko loga vaidika kRtyoM ke lie anadhikArI aura sAmAnyataH patita mAnate haiN| parantu yadi koI vAtya aisA ho jo vidvAn aura tapasvI ho to brAhmaNa usase bhale hI dveSa kare parantu vaha sarva pUjya hogA aura devAdhideva paramAtmA ke tulya hogaa|2 vAtya ne apane paryaTana meM prajApati ko preraNA dI thii| ___ zrI sampUrNAnandajI ne vrAtya kA artha paramAtmA kiyA hai| zrI baladeva upAdhyAya bhI isI mata kA anusaraNa karate haiM / kintu samUce vAya-kANDa kA parizIlana karane para yaha artha saMgata nahIM lgtaa| vAtya-kANDa ke kucha sUtra vaha saMvatsara taka khar3A rahA / usase devoM ne pUchA-vrAtya ! tU kyoM khar3A hai ? _ vaha anAvRttA dizA meM claa| isase ( usane ) socA na lauttuuNgaa|arthaat jisa dizA meM calane vAle kA Avartana ( lauTanA ) nahIM hotA vaha anAvRttA dizA hai / isalie usane socA ki maiM aba na lauttuuNgaa| mukta puruSa kA hI pratyAvartana nahIM hotaa| taba jisa rAjA ke gharoM para aisA vidvAn rAjA vrAtya atithi ( hokara ) aae| 1-atharvaveda, 15 // 11 // sAyaNa bhAgya : kaJcid vidvattamaM, mahAdhikAraM, puNyazIlaM vizvasaMmAnyaM brAhmaNaviziSTaM vrAtya manulakSya vacana miti maMtavyam / 2-vahI, 15 / 1 / 1 / 1 / 3-vahI,15311111: vrAtya AsIdIyamAna eva sa prajApati samerayat // 4-atharvavedIyaM vrAtyakANDa, pR0 1 / 5-vaidika sAhitya aura saMskRti, pR0 229 / 6-atharvaveda, 15 // 1 // 3 / 1 / 7-vahI, 15 // 1 / 6 / 19: so'nAvRttAM dizamanu vya'calattato nAvaya'nnamanthata / . .. 8-atharvavedIyaM vrAtyakANDa, pR0.36 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (isako) (vaha rAjA) isa (vidvAn ke Agamana) ko apane lie kalyANakArI mAne / aisA (karane se) kSetra tathA rASTra ke prati aparAdha nahIM krtaa|' ____ yadi kisI ke ghara aisA vidvAn vrAtya atithi A jAe (to) svayaM usake sAmane jAkara kahe, vrAtya, Apa kahA~ rahate haiM ? vrAtya (yaha) jala ( grahaNa kIjie ) vrAtya (mere ghara ke loga Apako bhojanAdi se) tRpta kreN| jaisA Apako priya ho, jaisI ApakI icchA ho, jaisI ApakI abhilASA ho, vaisA hI ho arthAt hama loga vaisA hI kreN| __ (vAtya se) yaha jo prazna hai ki vrAtya Apa kahA~ rahate haiM, isa (prazna) se (hI) vaha devayAna mArga ko (jisase puNyAtmA svarga ko jAte haiM) apane vaza meM kara letA hai| isase jo yaha kahatA hai vrAtya yaha jala grahaNa kIjie isase apa (jala yA karma) apane vaza meM kara letA hai| __yaha kahane se vrAtya (mere ghara ke loga Apako bhojanAdi se) tRpta kareM, apane Apako cirasthAyI (arthAt dIrghajIvI) banA letA hai / / jisake ghara meM vidvAn vrAtya eka rAta atithi rahe, vaha pRthvI meM jitane puNya-loka haiM una sabako vaza meM kara letA hai| jisake ghara meM vidvAn vrAtya dUsarI rAta atithi rahe, vaha antarikSa meM jo puNya-loka haiM, una sabako vaza meM kara letA haiM / jisake ghara meM vidvAn vrAtya tIsarI rAta atithi rahe, vaha jo dyuloka meM puNya-loka haiM una sabako vaza meM kara letA hai| 1-atharvaveda, 1 // 2 // 3 // 1,2 : tad yasyaivaM vidvAn vAtyo rAjJo'tithihAnAgacchet / zreyAMsamenamAtmano mAnayet tathA kSatrAya nA vRzcate tathA rASTrAya nA vRzcate / 2-vahI, 15 / 2 / 4 / 1,2 : tad yasyaivaM vidvAn vrAtyo'tithigRhAnAgacchet / / svayamenamabhyudetya ba yAd vrAtya kvA'vAtsI: vrAtyodakaM vrAtya tarpayantu vrAtya yathA te priyaM tathAstu vrAtya yathAte vazastathAstu vrAtya yathA te nikAmastathA stviti| 3-vahI, 15 / 2 / 4 / 3 : yadenamAha vrAtya kvA'vAtsIriti patha eva tena devayAnAnava ruuddh| 4-vahI, 15 / 2 / 4 / 4,5: yadenamAha vrAtyodakamityapa eva tenAva runche / yadenamAha vAtya tapayantviti prANameva tena varSIyAMsaM kurute //

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khaNDa : 1 prakaraNa : 1 2-zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAga-aitihAsika astitva 15 jisake ghara meM vidvAn vrAtya cauthI rAta atithi rahe, vaha puNya-lokoM se zreSTha puNyalokoM ko vaza meM kara letA hai| jisake ghara meM vidvAn vrAtya aparimita (bahudhA) atithi rahe, vaha aparimita puNyalokoM ko apane vaza meM kara letA hai|' ____ ina sUtroM se jo pratipAdita hai, usakA sambandha paramAtmA se nahIM kintu kisI dehadhArI vyakti se hai| ___ vrAtya-kANDa meM pratipAdita viSaya kI bhagavAn RSabha ke jIvana-vrata se tulanA hotI hai| ve dIkSita hone ke bAda eka varSa taka tapasyA meM sthira rahe the| eka varSa taka bhojana na karane para bhI zarIra meM puSTi aura dIpti ko dhAraNa kara rahe the| muniyoM kI caryA ko dhAraNa karane vAle bhagavAn jisa-jisa ora kadama rakhate the arthAt jahA~-jahA~ jAte the, vahIM-vahIM ke loga prasanna hokara aura bar3e saMbhrama ke sAtha Akara unheM praNAma karate the| unameM se kitane hI loga kahane lagate the- "he deva ! prasanna hoie aura kahie ki kyA kAma hai ?"3 1-atharvaveda, 15 / 2 / 6 / 1-10 : tad yasyaivaM vidvAn vrAtya ekAM rAtrimatithigRhe vasati / ye pRthivyAM puNyA lokAstAneva tenAva runddhe // tad yasyaivaM vidvAn vrAtyo dvitIyAM rAtrimatithi he vasati / ye'ntarize puNyA lokA stAneva tenAva runddhe // tad yasyaivaM vidvAn vrAtyastRtIyAM rAtrimatithiga he vasati / ye divi puNyA lokAstAneva tenAva runddhe // tad yasyaivaM vidvAn vrAtyazcaturthI rAtrimatithiga he vasati / ye puNyAnAM puNyA lokAstAneva tenAva ruddhe / tad yasyaivaM vidvAn vrAtyo'parimitA rAtriratithiga he vasati / ya evAparimitAH puNyA lokAstAneva tenAva runddhe // 2-mahApurANa, 20 / 95 : hAyazane'pyaGga, puSTiM dIptiJca bibhrte| 3-vahI, 20 / 14,15 yato yataH padaM dhatte, maunI caryA sma saMzritaH / tatastato janAH prItAH, praNamantyetya sambhramAt // prasIda deva ! kiM kRtyamiti kecijagurgiram /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . - kitane hI loga bhagavAn se aisI prArthanA karate the ki bhagavan ! hama para prasanna hoie / hameM anugRhIta kiijie| bhagavAn RSabha anta meM apunarAvRtti sthAna ko prApta hue, jahA~ jAne ke pazcAt koI lauTa kara nahIM aataa| yaha bahuta sambhava hai ki vrAtya-kANDa meM bhagavAn RSabha kA jIvana rUpaka kI bhASA meM citrita hai| RSabha ke prati kucha vaidika RSi zraddhAvAn the aura ve unheM devAdhideva ke rUpa meM mAnya karate the| arhan ___ Rgveda meM bhagavAn RSabha ke aneka ullekha haiN| kintu unakA artha-parivartana kara dene ke kAraNa ve vivAdAspada ho jAte haiN| arhan zabda zramaNa saMskRti kA bahuta priya zabda hai| zramaNa loga apane tIrthaGkaroM yA vItarAga AtmAoM ko arhan kahate haiM / jaina aura bauddha sAhitya meM arhan zabda kA prayoga hajAroM bAra huA hai| jaina loga Arhat nAma se bhI prasiddha rahe haiN| Rgveda meM arhan zabda kA prayoga zramaNa netA ke lie hI huA hai arhan bibharSi sAyakAni dhanvAhanniSkaM yajataM vizvarUpam / arhannidaM dayase vizvamamvaM na vA ojIyo rudra tvadasti // AcArya vinobA bhAve ne isI maMtra ke eka vAkya 'arhannidaM dayase vizvamanvaM' ko uddhRta karate hue likhA hai- "he arhan ! tuma jisa tuccha .duniyA~ para dayA karate ho 1-mahApurANa, 20122 / 2-jambUdvIpaprajJapti vRtti, patra 158 : samujAe-tatra samyag-asunarAvRtyA Urdhva lokAgralakSaNaM yAtaH prAtaH / 3-Rgveda, 1 / 24 / 190 // 1 // 2 / 4 / 33 / 15 / 5 / 2 / 28 / 4 / 6 / 11 / 8 / 6 / 2 / 16 / 11 / 10 / 12 / 166 / 1 / Adi-Adi 4-vahI, 2 / 4 / 33 / 10 /

Page #46
khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 1 2-zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAg-aitihAsika astitva 17 isameM 'arhan' aura 'dayA' donoM jainoM ke pyAre zabda haiN| merI to mAnyatA hai ki jitanA hindU-dharma prAcIna hai, zAyada utanA hI jaina-dharma bhI prAcIna hai|" arhan zabda kA prayoga vaidika vidvAn bhI zramaNoM ke lie karate rahe haiN| hanumannATaka meM likhA hai ___"arhannityatha jainshaasnrtaaH|" Rgveda ke arhan zabda se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki zramaNa-saMskRti Rgvaidika-kAla se pUrvavartI hai| __zrI jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra ne vrAtyoM ko arhatoM kA anuyAyo mAnA hai- "vaidika se bhinna mArga buddha aura mahAvIra se pahale bhI bhAratavarSa meM the| arhat loga buddha se pahale bhI the aura aneka caitya bhI buddha se pahale the| una arhatoM aura caityoM ke anuyAyI 'vrAtya' kahalAte the, jinakA ullekha atharvaveda meM bhI hai|"2 asura aura arhata ___vaidika-AryoM ke Agamana se pUrva bhAratavarSa meM do prakAra kI jAtiyA~ thIM-sabhya aura asabhya / sabhya jAti ke loga gA~voM aura nagaroM meM rahate the aura asabhya jAti ke loga jaMgaloM meN| asura, nAga, dravir3a-ye sabhya jAtiyA~ thiiN| dAsa-jAti asabhya thii| asuroM kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti bahuta unnata thii| unake parAkrama se vaidika-AryoM ko prArambha meM bahuta kSati uThAnI pdd'ii| . . asura loga AIt-dharma ke upAsaka the| bahuta Azcarya kI bAta hai ki jaina-sAhitya meM isakI spaSTa carcA nahIM milatI, kintu purANa aura mahAbhArata meM isa prAcIna paramparA ke ullekha surakSita haiN| . . viSNupurANa,3 padmapurANa,4 matsyapurANa" aura devIbhAgavata meM asuroM ko AIt yA jaina-dharma kA anuyAyI banAne kA ullekha hai| 1-harijana sevaka, 30 maI 1948 / 2-bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA, prathama jilda, pR0 402 / 3-viSNupurANa, 3 // 17 // 18 : 4-padmapurANa, sRSTi khaNDa, adhyAya 13, zloka 170-413 / 5-matsyapurANa, 24 / 43-49 / 6-devIbhAgavata, 4 / 13 / 54-57 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana _ viSNupurANa ke anusAra mAyAmoha ne asuroM ko AIt-dharma meM dIkSita kiyaa|' trayI (Rg , yajuH aura sAma) meM unakA vizvAsa nahIM rahA / ' unakA yajJa aura pazubali se bhI vizvAsa uTha gyaa|3 ve ahiMsA-dharma meM vizvAsa karane lge| unhoMne zrAddha Adi karma-kANDoM kA bhI virodha karanA prArambha kara diyaa|" viSNupurANa kA mAyAmoha kisI arhat kA ziSya thaa| usane asuroM ko arhat ke dharma meM dIkSita kiyA, yaha bhI isase spaSTa hai| asura jina siddhAntoM meM vizvAsa karane lage, ve arhat-dharma ke siddhAnta the| mAyAmoha ne anekAntavAda kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyaa| usane asuroM se kahA-"yaha dharma-yukta hai aura yaha dharma-viruddha hai, yaha sat hai aura yaha asat hai, yaha muktikAraka hai aura isase mukti nahIM hotI, yaha Atyantika paramArtha hai aura yaha paramArtha nahIM hai, yaha kartavya hai aura yaha akartavya hai, yaha aisA nahIM hai aura yaha spaSTa aisA hI hai, yaha digambaroM kA dharma aura yaha sAmbaroM kA dharma hai / "6 purANakAra ne isa kathAnaka meM arhat ke dharma kI nyUnatA dikhalAne kA yatna kiyA hai, phira bhI isa rUpaka meM se jaina-dharma kI prAcInatA, usake ahiMsA aura anekAntavAdI siddhAnta aura asuroM kI jaina-dharma parAyaNatA-ye phalita nikala Ate haiM / viSNupurANa meM asuroM ko vaidika raMga meM raMgane kA prayatna kiyA gayA hai ; kintu Rgveda dvArA yaha svIkRta nahIM hai| vahA~ unheM vaidika-Aryo kA zatru kahA gayA hai|" asura aura vaidika Arya vedoM aura purANoM meM varNita deva-dAnava-yuddha vaidika-Aryo aura Arya-pUrva jAtiyoM ke pratIka kA yuddha hai| vaidika-Aryo ke Agamana ke sAtha-sAtha asuroM se unakA saMgha 1-viSNupurANa 3 / 18 / 12 : arhataitaM mahAdharma mAyAmohena te yataH / proktAstamAzritA dharmamAhatAstena te'bhavan // 2-vahI, 3 / 18 / 13,14 / 3-vahI, 3 // 18 // 27 // 4-vahI, 3 // 18 // 25 // 5-vahI, 3 / 18 / 28-29 / 6-vahI, 3 / 18 / 8-11 7-Rgveda, 11233174 / 2-3 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 1 2-zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAga-aitihAsika astitva 16 chir3A aura vaha 300 varSoM taka calatA rhaa|' AryoM kA indra pahale bahuta zaktizAlI nahIM thaa| isalie prArambha meM Arya loga parAjita hue| ___bhAratavarSa meM asura rAjAoM kI eka lambI paramparA rahI hai| ve sabhI vrata-parAyaNa, bahuzruta aura lokezvara the|" asura prathama AkramaNa meM ho vaidika-Aryo' se parAjita nahIM hue the| jaba taka ve sadAcAra-parAyaNa aura saMgaThita the taba taka Arya loga unheM parAjita nahIM kara ske| kintu jaba asuroM ke AcaraNa meM zithilatA AI taba Aryo ne unheM parAsta kara ddaalaa| isa tathya kA citraNa indra aura lakSmI ke saMvAda meM huA hai| indra ke pUchane para lakSmI ne kahA--"satya aura dharma se baMdha kara pahale maiM asuroM ke yahA~ rahatI thI, aba unheM dharma ke viparIta dekha kara maiMne tumhAre yahA~ rahanA pasanda kiyA hai / maiM uttama guNoM vAle dAnavoM ke pAsa sRSTi-kAla se lekara aba taka anekoM yugoM se rahatI AI huuN| kintu aba ve kAma-krodha ke vazIbhUta ho gae haiM, unameM dharma nahIM raha gayA hai isalie maiMne unakA sAtha chor3a diyaa|"6 isase spaSTa hai ki dAnavoM kI rAjya-sattA sudIrgha-kAla taka yahA~ rahI aura usake pazcAt vaha indra ke netRtva meM saMgaThita AryoM ke hAtha meM calI gii| vaidika-AryoM kA prabhutva uttara bhArata para adhika huA thA / dakSiNa bhArata meM unakA praveza bahuta vilamba se huA yA, vizeSa prabhAvazAlI rUpa meM nahIM huaa| jaba daityarAja bali kI rAjyazrI ne indra kA varaNa kiyA taba indra ne daityarAja bali se kahA- "brahmA ne mujhe AjJA dI hai ki maiM tumhArA vadha na karUM / isIlie maiM tumhAre sira para vajra nahIM chor3a -- 1-matsyapurANa, 24 / 37 : atha devAsuraM yuddhamabhUd varSazatatrayam / 2-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 227 / 22 : azaktaH pUrvamAsIstvaM, kathaMcicchaktatAM gataH / kastvadanya imAM vAcaM, sukrUrAM vaktumarhati // 3-viSNupurANa, 3 / 17 / 9 / devAsuramabhUd yuddhaM, divyamabdazataM puraa| tasmin parAjitA devA, daityarhAdapurogamaiH / / 4-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 227 / 49-54 / 5-vahI, 227159-60 / 6-vahI, 228 / 49,50 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rahA huuN| daityarAja ! tumhArI jahA~ icchA ho cale jaao| indra kI yaha bAta suna daityarAja bali dakSiNa-dizA meM cale gae aura indra uttara dizA meN|" padmapurANa meM bhI batAyA gayA hai ki asura loga jaina-dharma ko svIkAra karane ke bAda narmadA ke taTa para nivAsa karane lge| isase spaSTa hai ki arhat kA dharma, uttara bhArata meM AryoM kA prabhutva bar3ha jAne ke bAda, dakSiNa bhArata meM vizeSa balazAlI bana gayA / asuroM kA uttara se dakSiNa kI ora jAnA bhI unakI tathA draviDoM kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti kI samAnatA kA sUcaka hai| asura aura Atma-vidyA Arya-pUrva asura rAjAoM kI parAjaya hone ke bAda Arya-netA indra ne daityarAja bali, namuci aura prahlAda se kahA- "tumhArA rAjya chIna liyA gayA hai; tuma zatru ke hAtha meM par3a gae ho phira bhI tumhArI AkRti para koI zoka kI rekhA nahIM, yaha kaise ?' 3 isa prazna ke uttara meM asura rAjAoM ne jo kahA vaha unakI Atma-vidyA kA hI phalita thaa| virocanakumAra bali ne indra ko isa prakAra phaTakArA ki usakA garva cUra ho gyaa| bali ne indra se kahA- "devarAja ! tumhArI mUrkhatA mere lie Azcaryajanaka hai / isa samaya tuma samRddhizAlI ho aura merI samRddhi china ho gaI hai| aisI avasthA meM tuma mere sAmane apanI prazaMsA ke gIta gAnA cAhate ho, yaha tumhAre kula aura yaza ke anurUpa nahIM hai|" 1-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 225 // 37 : evamuktastu daityendro balirindreNa bhArata / jagAma dakSiNAmAzAmudIcI tu purandaraH // 2-padmapurANa, 13 / 412 : narmadAsaritaM prApya, sthitA dAnavasattamAH / 3-(ka) mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 227 / 15 : zatrubhivartamAnIto, hInaH sthAnAdanuttamAt / vairocane ! kimAzritya, zocitavye na zocasi ? // (kha) vahI, 226 / 3 : baddhaH pAzaizcyutaH sthAnAd, dviSatAM vshmaagtH| zriyA vihIno namuce ! zocasyAho na zocasi ? // (ga) vahI, 222 / 11 : baddhaH pAzaizcyutaH sthAnAd, dviSatAM vazamAgataH / zriyA vihInaH prahlAda !, zocitavye na zocasi ? // .

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 1 1-zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAga-aitihAsika astitva 21 namuci aura bali rAjyahIna hone para bhI jisa prakAra zoka-mukta rahe, vaha unakI adhyAtmavidyA kA hI phala thA / indra unake dhairya aura azoka-bhAva ko dekha kara Azcarya-cakita raha gyaa| ___ mahAbhArata meM asuroM para vaidika vicAroM kI chApa lagAI gaI hai phira bhI unakI azoka, zAnta va samabhAvI vRtti se jo Atma-vidyA kI bhalaka milatI hai, nizcita rUpa se unheM zramaNa-dharmAnuyAyo siddha karatI hai| -sAMskRtika virodha ___ asuroM aura vaidika-Aryo kA virodha kevala bhaugolika aura rAjanItika hI nahIM, kintu sAMskRtika bhI thaa| AryoM ne asuroM kI ahiMsA kA virodha kiyA to asuroM ne AryoM kI hiMsA aura yajJa-paddhati kA virodha kiyaa| bhAratavarSa meM vaidika-Aryo kA astitva sudRr3ha hone ke sAtha-sAtha yaha virodha kI dhArA prabala ho uThI thii| ema0 vinTaraniTaja ne likhA hai-"vedoM ke viruddha pratikriyA buddha se sadiyoM pUrva zurU ho cukI thii| kama-se-kama jainoM kI paramparA meM isa pratikriyA ke spaSTa nirdeza milate haiM aura jaina-dharma kI saMsthApanA 750 I0 pU0 meM ho cukI thii| isa viSaya meM jainoM kI anyathA vizvasanIya kAla-buddhi aura kAla-gaNanA ko yahA~ (aura yahIM para ?) jhuThalAne kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| vyUlara kA to yaha vizvAsa thA ki vedoM ( aura brAhmaNa-dharma ) kI pragati tathA veda-virodha kI pragati, donoM prAyaH samAnAntara hI hotI rahI haiN| durbhAgyavaza, eka nizcita siddhAnta ke rUpa meM yaha sAbita karane se pUrva hI vyUlara kI mRtyu ho gii|"2 :- zramaNa-saMskRti kA astitva pUrvavartI thA isalie vaidika yajJa-saMsthA kA prArambha se hI virodha huaa| yadi vaha na hotI to usakA virodha kaise hotA ? ___- AcArya kSitimohana sena ke anusAra tIrtha, pUjA, bhakti, nadI kI pavitratA, tulasI, azvattha Adi vRkSoM se sambandhita deva aura sindUra Adi upakaraNa-ye saba veda-bAhya vastue~ haiM / Aryo ne inheM Arya-pUrva jAtiyoM se grahaNa kiyA thaa| zramaNa-paramparA meM dharma-saMgha ke lie 'tIrtha' zabda kA prayoga hotA thA aura usake pravartaka tIrthaGkara kahalAte the| dIghanikAya meM pUraNakazyapa, mazkarI gozAla, ajitakeza 1-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 227 / 13 / 2-prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa, prathama bhAga, prathama khaNDa, pR0 233 / 3-bhAratavarSa meM jAti-bheda, pR0 75-77 / 4-bhagavatI, 208 /

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. Ps uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / kambala, prakruddhakAtyAyana, saMjayavelaThThIputra aura nimrantha jJAtaputra-ina chahoM ko tIrthaGkara nAga-pUjA bhagavAn RSabha ke putra bharata ke samaya meM pracalita huI thii|' bhakti kA mUla udgama draviDa pradeza hai, ataH vaha bhI Arya-pUrva ho sakatI hai / 3 gaMgA-yamunA Adi nadiyoM kA vedoM meM ullekha nahIM hai aura brAhmaNa-granthoM meM ve bahuta pavitra aura devatA rUpa mAnI gaI haiM / jaina-sUtroM meM bhavanavAsI devoM ke dasa caitya-vRkSa batalAe gae haiM / jaise- . asurakumAra -azvattha nAgakumAra -saptaparNa- sAta pattoM vAlA palAza suparNakumAra -zAlmalI- semala . vidya kumAra -udumbara agnikumAra -sirIsa dIpakumAra -dadhiparNa udadhikumAra -vaMjula-azoka . dizAkumAra -palAza--tIna pattoM vAlA palAza vAyukumAra -vana stanitakumAra -karNikAra- kaNera4 isI prakAra vyantara devoM ke bhI ATha caitya-vRkSa batalAe gae haiMpizAca -kadamba -tulasI yakSa -baragada rAkSasa -khaTvAMga kinnara -azoka kiMpuruSa -caMpaka nAga yA mahoraga -nAga gandharva -tinduka bhUta 1-dIghanikAya (sAmaaphala sutta), prathama bhAga, pR0 56-97 / 2-Avazyakaniyukti, 218 / 3-padmapurANa, uttarakhaNDa, 5051 : utpannA drAviDe cAham / 4-sthAnAMga, 101736 / 5-vahI, 8 / 654 /

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saptaparNa priyaMgu khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 1 2-zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAga-aitihAsika astitva 23 mahAtmA buddha ke bodhi-vRkSa kA mahattva Arambha se ho rahA hai| jaina ke 24 tIrthaGkaroM ke 24 jJAna-vRkSa mAne gae haiMtIrthaGkara jJAna-vRkSa 1-vRSabha nyagrodha 2-ajita 3-saMbhava zAla 4-abhinandana priyAla 5-sumati 6-padmaprabha chatrAma 7-supArzva sirIsa 8-candaprabha nAga 6-suvidhi mallI 10-zItala : plakSa 11-zreyAMsa tiMduka 12-vAsupUjya pATala 13-vimala jamba 14-ananta azvattha 15--dharma dadhiparNa 16-zAnti naMdi 17-kunthu tilaka 18-ara Amra 16-mallI azoka 20-munisuvrata caMpaka . 21-nami bakula 22-nemi vetasa 23-pAva dhAtakI 24-mahAvIra zAla' sindUra bhI Arya-pUrva nAga-jAti kI vastu hai| zramaNa-sAhitya meM nadI, vRkSa Adi kA utsava manAne ke aneka ullekha prApta hote haiM / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki AcArya 1-samavAyAMga, samavAya 157 / 2-rAjapraznIya, pR0 284 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kSitimohana sena ne jina vastuoM ko veda-bAhya yA avaidika kahA hai, unakA mahattva yA mahattvapUrNa ullekha zramaNa-paramparA ke sAhitya meM milatA hai| unake AdhAra para isa niSkarSa para pahuMcanA kaThina nahIM hai ki jise Arya-pUrva saMskRti yA avaidika-paramparA kahA jAtA hai, vaha zramaNa-paramparA hI honI caahie| purAtattva mohanajodar3o kI khudAI se jo avazeSa prApta hue haiM, unakA sambandha zramaNa yA jainaparamparA se hai, aisA kucha vidvAn mAnate haiM / yadyapi eka mata se yaha tathya svIkRta nahIM huA hai phira bhI sAre parikara kA sUkSma avalokana karane para unakA sambandha zramaNa-paramparA se hI jur3atA hai / isake lie sara jAna mArzala kI "mohanajodar3o eNDa iTsa sivilijezana" ke prathama bhAga kI bArahavIM pleTa kI 13, 14, 15, 18, 16 aura 22 vIM koSThikA ke mUrti-citra darzanIya haiN| sindhu-ghATI se prApta mUrtiyoM aura kuSANakAlIna jaina-mUrtiyoM meM apUrva sAmya hai| kAyotsarga-mudrA jaina-paramparA kI hI dena hai| prAcIna jaina-mUrtiyA~ adhikAMzataH isI mudrA meM prApta hotI haiN| mohanajodar3o kI khudAI se prApta mUrtiyoM kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve kAyotsarga arthAt khar3I mudrA meM haiM, dhyAna-lIna haiM aura nagna haiM / khar3e raha kara kAyotsarga karane kI paddhati jaina-paramparA meM bahuta pracalita hai / isa mudrA ko 'sthAna' yA 'UrdhvasthAna' kahA jAtA hai| pataJjali ne jise Asana kahA hai, jaina AcArya use 'sthAna' kahate haiN| sthAna kA artha hai 'gati-nivRtti' / usake tIna prakAra haiM (1) Urdhva sthAna- khar3e hokara kAyotsarga karanA / (2) niSIdana sthAna-baiThakara kAyosarga karanA / (3) zayana sthAna- sokara kAyotsarga karanA / ' paryaGkAsana yA padmAsana jaina-mUrtiyoM kI vizeSatA hai| dharma-paramparAoM meM yogamudrAoM kA bheda hotA thA, usI ke saMdarbha meM AcArya hemacandra ne likhA hai "prabho ! Apako paryaGka Asana aura nAsAgra dRSTi vAlI yoga-mudrA ko bhI paratIrthika nahIM sIkha pAe haiM to bhalA ve aura kyA sIkheMge ?"2 prophesara prANanAtha ne mohanajodar3o kI eka mudrA para 'jinezvara' zabda par3hA hai| DelphI se prApta prAcIna Argiva mUrti, jo kAyotsarga mudrA meM hai, dhyAna lIna hai aura 1-Avazyakaniyukti, gAthA 1465; Avazyaka hAribhadrIya vRtti, patra 773 / 2-AyogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA, zloka 20 / 3-iNDiyana hisTorikala kvATI, 8, pariziSTa pR0 30 / .

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 1 2-zramaNa-saMskRti kA prAga-aitihAsika astitva 25 usake donoM kaMdhoM para RSabha kI bhA~ti keza-rAzi laTakI huI hai| DaoN0 kAlidAsa nAga ne use jaina-mUrti ke anurUpa batAyA hai| vaha lagabhaga dasa hajAra varSa purAnI hai|' apolo rezapha ( yUnAna ) kI dhar3a-mUrti bhI vaisI hI hai / 2 ye bhI zramaNa-saMskRti kI sudIrgha prAcInatA ke pramANa haiN| mohanajodar3o se prApta mUrtiyoM yA unake upAsakoM ke sira para nAga-phaNa kA aMkana hai| vaha nAga-vaMza ke sambandha kA sUcaka hai| sAtaveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn supArzva ke sira para sarpa-maNDala kA chatra thaa|3 ___nAga-jAti vaidika-kAla se pUrvavartI bhAratIya jAti thii| yakSa, gandharva, kinnara aura drAviDa jAtiyA~ bhI mUlataH bhAratIya aura zramaNoM kI upAsaka thiiN| unakI sabhyatA aura saMskRti Rgvaidika sabhyatA aura saMskRti se pUrvavartI aura svataMtra thii| unake upAsya RSabha, supArzva Adi tIrthaGkara bhI prAga-vaidikakAla meM hue the| pUrvokta donoM sAdhanoM (sAhitya aura purAtattva) se hama isa niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki zramaNa-paramparA vaidika-kAla se pUrvavartI hai / 11 . . . 1-Discovery of Asia, plate No. 5. .. 2-(ka) Adi tIrthaGkara bhagavAn RSabhadeva, pR0 140 ke bAda / (kha) R. G. Marse--The historic importance of bronze statue of Reshief, discovered in Syprus. (Bulletin of the Deccan . College Research Institute, Poona, Vol. XIV, pp. 230-236). 3-triSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 3, sarga 5, zloka 78-80 : tIrthAya nama ityuktvA tatra siMhAsanottame / upAvizajjagannAtho'tizayairupazobhitaH // pRthvIdevyA tadA svapne dRSTaM tAdRgmahoragam / zakro vicakre bhagavanmUnicchatramivAparam // tadAdi cAbhUtsamavasaraNeSvaparevapi / nAga ekaphaNaH paJcaphaNo navaphaNo'thavA // 4-sara jaoNna mArzala : 'mohanajodar3o', bhAga 1, aMka 8, pR0 110-112 /

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prakaraNa : dUsarA 1-zramaNa-saMskRti ke matavAda zramaNa-saMskRti kI AdhArazilA prAga-aitihAsika kAla meM hI rakhI jA cukI thii| buddha aura mahAvIra ke kAla meM to vaha aneka tIrthoM meM vibhakta ho cukI thii| vibhAga kA krama bhagavAn RSabha se hI prArambha ho cukA thaa| usakA prArambha bhagavAn RSabha ke ziSya marIci se huA thaa| eka dina garmI se vyAkula hokara usane socA-yaha zramaNa-jIvana bahuta kaThina hai, maiM isakI ArAdhanA ke lie apane Apako asamartha pAtA huuN| yaha soca kara vaha tridaNDI tapasvI bana gyaa| ___ usane parikalpanA kI-zramaNa mana, vacana aura kAyA ina tInoM kA damana karate haiN| maiM ina tInoM daNDoM kA damana karane meM asamartha hU~, isalie maiM tridaNDa cihna ko dhAraNa kruuNgaa| zramaNa indriya muNDa haiN| maiM indriyoM para vijaya pAne meM asamartha hU~, isalie sira ko muNDAU~gA, kevala coTI rkhuugaa| zramaNa akiMcana haiN| maiM akiMcana rahane meM asamartha hU~, isalie kucha parigraha rkhuugaa| zramaNa zIla se sugandhita haiN| maiM zIla se sugandhita nahIM hU~, isalie caMdana Adi sugandhita dravyoM kA lepa kruuNgaa| zramaNa moha se rahita haiN| maiM moha se Acchanna hU~, isalie chatra dhAraNa kruuNgaa| zramaNa pAdukA nahIM pahanate, kintu maiM naMge paira calane meM asamartha hU~, isalie pAdukA dhAraNa kruuNgaa| zramaNa kaSAya se akaluSita haiM, isalie ve digambara yA zvetAmbara haiN| maiM kaSAya se kaluSita hU~, isalie geruve vastra dhAraNa kruuNgaa| __ zramaNa hiMsA-bhIru haiN| maiM pUrNa hiMsA kA varjana karane meM asamartha hU~, isalie parimita jala se snAna bhI karUMgA aura kaccA jala pIU~gA bhii| isa parikalpanA ke anusAra vaha parivrAjaka ho gyaa|' 1-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 347, 350,359 /

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27 khaMNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 1-zramaNa-saMskRti ke matavAda jaina-sAhitya meM zramaNoM ke pA~ca vibhAga batalAe gae haiM nirgrantha jaina-muni, zAkya- bauddha-bhikSu, tApasa jaTAdhArI vanavAsI tapasvI, geruka- tridaNDI parivrAjaka aura AjIvaka- gozAlaka ke ziSya / ' nizotha cUNi meM anyatIrthika zramaNoM ke 30 gaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| bauddhasAhitya meM buddha ke atirikta chaha zramaNa-saMgha ke tIrthaGkaroM kA ullekha milatA hai| dazavakAlika niyukti meM zramaNa ke aneka paryAyavAcI nAma batalAe gae haiMpravajita, aNagAra, pApaDa, caraka, tApasa; bhikSu, parivrAjaka, zramaNa, nirgrantha, saMyata, mukta, tIrNa, trAyI, dravya, muni, kSAnta, dAnta, virata, rUkSa aura tIrastha / ina nAmoM meM caraka, tApasa, parivrAjaka Adi zabda nirgranthoM se bhinna zramaNasampradAya ke sUcaka haiN| zramaNa ke ekArthavAcI zabdoM meM una sabakA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| .. 1-pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 731-733 : niggaMtha sakka tAvasa gelya, AjIva paMcahA smnnaa| tammi niggaMthA te je, jiNasAsaNabhavA munninno|| sakkA ya sugayasIsA, je jaDilA te u tAvasA gIyA / je dhAurattavatthA, tidaMDigo gelyA te u // je gosAlagamayamaNusaraMti, bhannati te u aajiivaa| samaNattaNeNa bhuvaNe, paMcavi pattA pasiddhimime // 2-nizItha sUtra, samAjya cUrNi, bhAga 2, pR0 118-200 / 3-dIghanikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta, pR0 16-22 / / 4-dazavakAlika niyukti, 158-159 : pavvaie apagAre, pAsaMDe caraga tAvase bhikkhU / parivAie ya samaNe, niggaMthe saMjae mutte // tinne tAI davie, muNI ya khaMte ya danta virae ya / lUhe tIraTe'viya, havaMti samaNassa naamaaii||

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2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu jitane zramaNa-sampradAya the, unameM aneka matavAda the| pUraNakazyapa akriyAvAdI thaa|' .. maskarI gozAlaka saMsAra-zuddhivAdI yA niyativAdI thA / 2 ajitakezakambala ucchedavAdI thaa| prakruddhakAtyAyana anyonyavAdI thaa| saMjayavelaTThiputra vikSepavAdI thaa|" bauddha-darzana kSaNikavAdI aura jaina-darzana syAdvAdI thaa| itane virodhI vicAroM ke hote hue bhI ve saba zramaNa the, avaidika the| isakA hetu kyA thA ? kauna sA aisA samatA kA dhAgA thA, jo sabako eka mAlA meM piroe hue thaa| isa prazna kI mImAMsA aba taka prApta nahIM hai| kintu zramaNoM kI mAnyatA aura jIvana-caryA kA adhyayana karane para hama kucha niSkarSoM para pahu~ca sakate haiM : (1) paramparAgata ekatA (2) vrata (3) saMnyAsa yA zrAmaNya (4) yajJa-pratirodha (5) veda kA aprAmANya (6) jAti kI atAttvikatA (7) samatva kI bhAvanA va ahiMsA 1-dIghanikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta, pR0 19 / 2-(ka) bhagavatI, 15 / (kha) upAsakadazA, 7 / (ga) dIghanikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta, pR0 20 / 3-(ka) dazAzrutaskaMdha, chaTThI dazA : (kha) dIghanikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta, pR0 20-21 / 4-(ka) sUtrakRtAMga, 131217 : (kha) dIghanikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta, pR0 21 / 5-dIghanikAya, sAmaJaphalasutta, pR0 22 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura unake hetu 26 uttarAdhyayana meM ina viSayoM para bahuta vyavasthita vivecana kiyA gayA hai| vaha AdhyAtmika hone ke sAtha-sAtha aitihAsika bhI hai| paramparAgata ekatA zramaNa-paramparA kA mUla udgama eka hai, isalie aneka sampradAya hone para bhI mUlataH vaha avibhakta hai / zramaNa-paramparA kA udgama bhagavAn RSabha se huA hai / jayaghoSa brAhmaNa ne nirgrantha vijayaghoSa se pUchA-dharma kA mukha kyA hai ? vijayaghoSa ne uttara diyA-dharma kA mukha kAzyapa RSabha hai|' ___ zrImadbhAgavata ke anusAra ve zramaNoM kA dharma prakaTa karane ke lie avatarita ___ unhoMne rAjA nami kI patnI sudevI ke garbha se RSabhadeva ke rUpa meM janma liyaa| isa avatAra ne samasta AsaktiyoM se rahita raha kara, apanI indriyoM aura mana ko atyanta zAnta karake evaM apane svarUpa meM sthira hokara samadarzI ke rUpa meM jar3oM kI bhA~ti yogacaryA kA AcaraNa kiyaa| isa sthiti ko maharSi loga paramahaMsa-pada kahate haiM / nirantara viSaya-bhogoM kI abhilASA ke kAraNa apane vAstavika zreya se cirakAla taka besudha hue logoM ko jinhoMne karuNAvaza nirbhaya Atma-loka kA upadeza diyA aura jo svayaM nirantara anubhava hone vAle Atma-svarUpa kI prApti se saba prakAra kI tRSNAoM se mukta the, una bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko namaskAra hai / brahmANDapurANa ke anusAra mahAdeva RSabha ne dasa prakAra ke dharma kA svayaM AcaraNa * 1-uttarAdhyayana, 25 / 14,16 / 2-zrImadbhAgavata, 5 / 3 / 20 : dharmAndarzayitukAmo vAtarazanAnAM zramaNAnAmRSINAmUrdhvamanthinAM zuklayA tnuvaavttaar| 3-vahI, 27 / 10 : nAbherasAvRSabha Asa sudevisUnuryovaicacAra samag jaDayogacaryAm / yat pAramahaMsyamRSayaH padamAmananti svasthaH prazAntakaraNaH parimuktasaGgaH // 4-vahI, 5 / 6 / 16 / nityAnubhUtanijalAbhanivRttatRSNaH zreyasyatadracanayA cirsuhbuddheH| lokasya yaH karuNayAbhayamAtmalokamAkhyAnnamo bhagavate RSabhAya tasmai /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kiyA aura kevalajJAna ko prApti hone para bhagavAn ne jo maharSi parameSThI, vItarAga, snAtaka, nirgrantha, naiSThika the--unheM usakA upadeza diyaa| jaina-sAhitya meM to yaha spaSTa hai hI ki zramaNa-dharma ke Adi-pravartaka bhagavAn RSabha the| isa prakAra jaina va vaidika donoM prakAra ke sAhitya se yaha pramANita hotA hai ki zramaNadharma kA Adi-srota bhagavAn RSabha haiM / * RSabha kA dharma prAga-aitihAsika kAla kI sImA kA atikramaNa kara jaba itihAsa kI sImA meM AtA hai taba bhI usakA mUla-srota bahuta vibhakta nahIM miltaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha-kAla meM jo zramaNa-saMgha upalabdha the, ve adhikAMza pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se sambandhita the / dIghanikAya meM jina chaha tIrthaGkaroM kA varNana hai, una sabako 'saMghI' aura 'gaNI' kahA gayA hai| dharma sampradAyoM meM 'saMgha' kI paramparA zramaNoM kI dena haiM / aitihAsika kAla meM zramaNa-saMgha kA sabase pahalA udAharaNa bhagavAn pArzva ke tIrtha kA hai / dharmAnanda kozAmbI ne likhA hai___"pArzva muni ne tIsarI bAta yaha kI ki apane navIna dharma ke pracAra ke lie unhoMne saMgha bnaae| bauddha-sAhitya se isa bAta kA patA lagatA hai ki buddha ke samaya jo saMgha vidyamAna the, una saboM meM jaina sAdhu aura sAdhviyoM kA saMgha sabase bar3A thaa| "pArzva ke pahale brAhmaNoM ke bar3e-bar3e samUha the, para ve sirpha yajJa-yAjJa kA pracAra karane ke lie hI the| yajJa-yAjJa kA tiraskAra kara usakA tyAga karake jaMgaloM meM tapasyA karane vAloM ke saMgha bhI the / tapasyA kA eka aMga samajha kara hI ve ahiMsA-dharma kA pAlana karate the, para samAja meM usakA upadeza nahIM dete the| ve logoM se bahuta kama milatejulate the| "buddha ke pahale yajJa-yAjJa ko dharma mAnane vAle brAhmaNa the aura usake bAda yajJa-yAjJa se Ubakara jaMgaloM meM jAne vAle tapasvI the| buddha ke samaya aise brAhmaNa aura tapasvI na the 1-jamahIpa prApti, 2130, patra 135 : usahe gAmaM arahA kosalie paDhamarAyA paDhamanige paDhamakevalI paThamatityakare paDhamadhammavaracakavaTTI smuppjjitthe| 2-dIghanikAya, sAmaJaphala sutta, prathama bhAga, pR0 41-42 : . saMbI begamaNI /

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khaNDa : 1 prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 31 aisI bAta nahIM hai| para ina do prakAra ke doSoM ko dekhane vAle tIsare prakAra ke bhI saMnyAsI the aura una logoM meM pArzva muni ke ziSyoM ko pahalA sthAna denA caahie|" bhagavAn pAzva aura mahAtmA buddha devasenAcArya (AThavIM sadI) ke anusAra mahAtmA buddha Arambha meM jaina the| jainAcArya pihitAsrava ne sarayU-nadI para sthita palAza nAmaka grAma meM pArzva ke saMdha meM unheM dIkSA dI aura muni 'buddhakIrti' nAma rkhaa| ___ zrImatI rAisa DeviDsa kA bhI mata hai ki buddha pahale guru kI khoja meM vaizAlI phuNce| vahA~ AcAra aura udaka se unakI bheMTa huI, phira bAda meM unhoMne jaina-dharma kI tapa-vidhi kA abhyAsa kiyaa| DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ke abhimata meM buddha ne pahale AtmAnubhava ke lie usa kAla meM pracalita donoM sAdhanAoM kA abhyAsa kiyaa| AlAra aura udraka ke nirdezAnusAra brAhmaNa-mArga kA aura taba jaina-mArga kA aura bAda meM apane svataMtra sAdhanAmArga kA vikAsa kiyaa| . mahAtmA buddha pArzva kI paramparA meM dIkSita hue yA nahIM ina donoM praznoM ko gauNa kara hama isa rekhA para pahu~cate haiM ki unhoMne ahiMsA Adi tattvoM kA jo nirUpaNa kiyA, usakA bahuta bar3A AdhAra bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA hai| unake zabda-prayoga bhI pArzva kI paramparA ke jitane nikaTa haiM, utane anya kisI paramparA ke nikaTa nahIM hai| Aja bhI tripiTaka aura dvAdazAMgI kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane vAle sahaja hI isa kalpanA para pahuMca jAte haiM ki una donoM kA mUla eka hai| vicAra-bheda kI sthiti meM sampradAya parivartana kI rIti usa samaya bahuta pracalita thii| piTakoM va AgamoM ke abhyAsI ke lie yaha aparicita viSaya nahIM hai| mahAtmA buddha ke pramukha ziSya modgalyAyana bhI pahale pArzvanAtha ko ziSya-paramparA meM the| ve bhagavAn mahAvIra kI kisI pravRtti se ruSTa hokara .buddha ke ziSya bana ge| 1-bhAratIya saMskRti aura ahiMsA, pR0 41, 43 / 2-darzanasAra, 6H siripAsaNAhatitthe, sarayUtIre palAsaNayaratyo / 'pihiyAsavassa sisso, mahAsudo vuDDhakitti muNI // 3-Gautma, the man, 22/5. 4-hindU sabhyatA, pR0 239 / 5-dharma parIkSA, adhyaay.18||

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32 . uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana gozAlaka aura pUraNakazyapa AjIvaka-sampradAya ke AcArya gozAlaka ke viSaya meM do mAnyatAeM pracalita haiN| zvetAmbara-mAnyatA ke anusAra vaha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA ziSya thA aura digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra vaha pArzva kI ziSya-paramparA meM thaa| ___ maMkhalIputra gozAlaka ne sarvAnubhUti aura sunakSatra---ina donoM nirgranthoM ko apanI tejolezyA se jalA DAlA, taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-"gozAlaka ! maiMne tumheM pravajita kiyA, bahuzruta kiyA aura tuma Aja mere hI sAtha isa prakAra kA mithyA AcaraNa kara rahe ho, yaha tumhAre lie ucita nahIM hai / "1 isakA Azaya spaSTa hai ki gozAlaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pravajita huA thaa| chaha varSa taka bhagavAna ke sAtha rahA aura usake bAda vaha AjIvaka-saMgha kA AcArya bana gyaa| usa samaya usake sAtha bhagavAn pArzva ke chaha ziSya sammilita hue| digambara-mAnyatA ke anusAra mazkarI gozAlaka aura pUraNakazyapa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prathama samavasaraNa (dharma-pariccheda) meM vidyamAna the| ve donoM pArzvanAtha ke praziSya the| usa pariSad meM indrabhUti gautama aae| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dhvani kA kSaraNa huaa| mazkarI gozAlaka ruSTa hokara calA gayA / usane socA-bahuta Azcarya kI bAta hai, gyAraha aMgoM (zAstroM) ko dhAraNa karane vAlA maiM pariSad meM vidyamAna thA phira bhI bhagavAn kI dhvani kA kSaraNa nahIM huaa| mujhe usake yogya nahIM samajhA gyaa| yaha indrabhUti gautama vedapAThI hai| aMgoM ko nahIM jAnatA phira bhI usake Ane para bhagavAn kI dhvani kA kSaraNa huaa| use usake yogya samajhA gyaa| isase lagatA hai ki jJAna kA koI mUlya nahIM hai| ajJAna hI zreSTha hai| usI se mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| isa prakAra vaha ajJAnavAdI bana gyaa| ____ zvetAmbara aura digambara mAnyatAoM meM bheda hone para bhI isameM koI matabheda nahIM hai ki gozAlaka kA sambandha zramaNa-paramparA ke mUla udgama se thaa| AjIvaka-sampradAya gozAlaka se pahale bhI thaa| vaha usakA pravartaka nahIM thA / usa sampradAya kA mUla-srota bhI prAcIna zramaNa-paramparA se bhinna nahIM hai| jaina-zramaNoM aura AjIvakoM kI tapasyA paddhati 1-bhagavatI, 15 // tuma mae ceva pavvAvie jAva mae ceva bahussuI kae, mamaM ceva micchaM vippaDiyanne taM mA evaM gosAla? 2-vahI, 15 / 3-darzanasAra, 176-179 / 4-History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas, p. 98.

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 33 aura siddhAnta nirUpaNA meM kucha bheda thA to bahuta samAnatA bhI thI, kintu usameM mukhya bheda AjIvikA kI vRtti kI thaa| AjIvaka-zramaNa vidyA Adi ke prayoga dvArA AjIvikA karate the| jaina-zramaNoM ko yaha sarvathA amAnya thaa| jo zramaNa lakSaNa, svapna aura aMgavidyA kA prayoga karate the, unheM jaina-zramaNa kahane ko bhI ve taiyAra nahIM the|' AjIvaka loga mUlataH pArzva kI paramparA se udbhUta the, yaha mAnanA nirAdhAra nahIM hai / sUtrakRtAMga (1 / 1 / 2 / 5) meM niyativAdiyoM ko pArzvastha kahA hai evamegehu pAsatthA, te mujo vippagamiA / evaM uvadviA saMtA, Na te dukkhavimokkhayA // vRttikAra ne pArzvastha kA artha 'yukti se bAhara Thaharane vAlA' yA 'pAza-bandhana meM sthita' kiyA hai2, kintu ye sAre artha kalpanA se adhika mUlya nahIM rakhate / vastutaH pArzvastha kA artha 'pArzvanAtha kI paramparA se sambandhita' honA caahie| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne tIrtha kI sthApanA kI aura ve caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara hue| usake pazcAt bhagavAn pArzva ke aneka ziSya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM pravajita ho gae aura aneka pravajita nahIM bhI hue| hamArA aisA anumAna hai ki bhagavAn pArzva ke jo ziSya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana meM sammilita nahIM hue unake lie 'pArzvastha' zabda prayukta huA hai tathA bhagavAn mahAvIra se pahale hI kucha sAdhu bhagavAn pArzva kI mAnyatA kA atikramaNa kara apane svataMtra vicAroM kA pracAra kara rahe the| unake lie bhI 'pArzvastha' zabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / pahalI zreNI vAloM ko 'dezataH pArzvastha' kahA gayA hai evaM dUsarI zreNI vAloM ko 'sarvataH pArzvastha' kahA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha-pravartana ke bAda bhI pArzva kI paramparA ke jo zramaNa jaina-dharma kI ratnatrayI-jJAna, darzana aura cAritra-se sarvathA vimukha hokara mithyA-dRSTi kA pracAra karane meM rata the, unheM 'sarvataH pArzvastha' kahA gayA hai| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 8 / 13;157,16 / 2-sUtrakRtAMga, 13112 / 5 vRtti : yuktikadambakAdabahistiSThantIti pArzvasthAH paralokakriyApArzvasthA vA, niyatipakSasamAzrayaNAtparaloka kriyAvaiyarthya, yadivA-pAza iva pAzaH-karmabandhanaM, tacceha yuktivikalaniyativAdaprarUpaNaM tatra sthitAH paashsthaaH| 3-pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 104-105 : so pAsatyo duviho, savve dese ya hoi naayvvo| savvaM mi nANadaMsaNacaraNANaM jo u pAsaMmi // desaMmi ya pAsattho, sejAyara'bhihaDarAyapiNDaM ca / nIyaM ca aggapiNDaM muMjai nikAraNe ceva //

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jo zramaNa zayyAtara-piNDa, abhihRta-piNDa, rAja-piNDa, nitya-piNDa, agra-piNDa Adi AhAra kA upabhoga karate the, unheM 'dezataH pArzvastha' kahA gyaa| AjIvaka 'sarvataH pArzvastha' the / gozAlaka AjIvaka-sampradAya ke AcArya the, pravartaka nhiiN| vaha gozAlaka se pahale hI pracalita thaa|' zvetAmbara-sAhitya ke anusAra gozAlaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSya the aura digambarasAhitya ke anusAra ve bhagavAn mahAvIra kI prathama pravacana-pariSad meM upasthita the| mahAvIra se unakA samparka thA, isameM donoM sahamata haiN| .. digambara-sAhitya ke anusAra gozAlaka pArzva-paramparA meM the aura zvetAmbara-sAhitya meM niyativAdiyoM ko 'pArzvastha' kahA hai / isa prakAra unake pArzva kI paramparA se sambandhita hone meM bhI donoM sahamata haiN| ina do abhimatoM se yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki gozAlaka prArambha meM pArzva kI paramparA meM dIkSita hue aura bAda meM mahAvIra ke sAtha rahe / digambaroM ne pahalI sthiti ko pramukhatA dI aura gozAlaka ko pArzva kI paramparA kA zramaNa maanaa| zvetAmbaroM ne dUsarI sthiti ko pramukhatA dI aura gozAlaka ko mahAvIra kA ziSya maanaa| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA va bhagavAn mahAvIra se unakA pUrva sambandha rahA thaa| darzanasAra meM maskarI gozAlaka va pUraNakazyapa kA eka sAtha ullekha hai| isase unake ghaniSTa sambandha kI bhI sUcanA milatI hai| eka paramparA meM dIkSita hone ke kAraNa unakA paraspara sambandha rahA ho to koI Azcarya kI bAta nhiiN| aMguttaranikAya meM maskarI gozAlaka ke chaha abhijAti ke siddhAnta ko pUraNakazyapa kA batalAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra buddha, maskarI gozAlaka aura pUraNakazyapa kA zramaNa-paramparA ke mUla-srota bhagavAn pArzva yA mahAvIra se sambandha thA, isakA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai| saMjaya, ajitakezakambala aura prakuddhakAtyAyana ke viSaya meM koI spaSTa jAnakArI nahIM milatI, phira bhI unakI paramparA sarvathA maulika rahI ho, aisA pratibhAsita nahIM hotaa| p-History and Doctrines of the Ajivikas, p. 97. 2-aMguttaranikAya, bhAga 3, pR0 383 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 35 vrata zramaNa-paramparA meM vrata kA bahuta mahattva rahA hai| usake AdhAra para sabhI manuSya tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kie gae haiM-bAla, paMDita aura bAla-paMDita / jisake koI vrata nahIM hotA, vaha 'bAla' kahalAtA hai| jo mahAvratoM ko svIkAra karatA hai, vaha 'paMDita' kahalAtA hai aura jo aNuvratoM ko svIkAra karatA hai arthAt vratI bhI hotA hai aura avratI bhI, vaha 'bAla-paMDita' kahalAtA hai|' ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhu ke lie pA~ca mahAvrata aura rAtri-bhojana-viramaNa-vrata kA vidhAna kiyA / pA~ca mahAvrata ye haiM (1) ahiNsaa| . (2) sty| (3) asteya / (4) brhmcry|. (5) aparigraha / zrAvaka ke lie bAraha vratoM kI vyavasthA kI / ' unameM pA~ca aNuvrata aura sAta zikSAvrata haiM / pA~ca aNuvrata, ye haiM (1) sthUla prANAtipAta-virati / / (2) sthUla mRpAvAda-virati / dattAdAna-virati / (4) svdaar-sNtoss| (5) icchA-parimANa / sAta zikSA-vrata ye haiM (1) diga-vrata / .. . (2) upabhoga-paribhoga parimANa / (3) anartha-daNDa-virati / (4) sAmAyika / (5) dezAvakAzika / (6) pauSadha / (7) atithi-sNvibhaag| 1-sUtrakRtAGga, 2 / 2 / 2-upAsaka dazA, 1112 /

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36 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___mahAtmA buddha ne bhikSuoM ke lie dasa zIloM kA vidhAna kiyA thaa| dasa-zIla (1) prANAtipAta-virati / (2) adattAdAna-virati / (3) abrahmacarya-virati / (4) mRSAvAda-virati / (5) surA-madya-maireya-virati / (6) akAla-bhojana-virati / (7) nRtya-gIta-vAditra-virati / (8) mAlya-gaMdha-vilepana-virati / (8) uccAsana-zayana-virati / (10) jAtarUpa-rajata-pratigraha-virati / ' upAsakoM ke lie paJcazIla kA vidhAna hai / paJcazIla ye haiM (1) prANAtipAta-virati / (2) adattAdAna-virati / (3) kAma-mithyAcAra-virati / (4) mRSAvAda-virati / (5) surA-maireya-pramAda-sthAna-virati / 2 AjIvaka-upAsaka bailoM ko napuMsaka nahIM karate the ; unako nAka bhI nahIM bIMdhate the ; AjIvikA ke lie trasa jIvoM kA vadha nahIM karate the ; udumbara aura baragada ke phala tathA pyAja-lahasuna aura kanda-mUla Adi nahIM khAte the / isa prakAra jaina, bauddha aura AjIvaka-ina tInoM meM vratoM kI vyavasthA milatI hai / zeSa zramaNa-sampradAyoM meM bhI vratoM kI vyavasthA honI caahie| jahA~ zrAmaNya yA pravrajyA kI vyavasthA hai, vahA~ vratoM kI vyavasthA na ho, aisA sambhava nahIM lgtaa| jaina-dharma aura vrata-paramparA DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne aisI saMbhAvanA kI hai ki jainoM ne apane vrata brAhmaNoM se udhAra 1-bauddhadharmadarzana, pR0 19 / 2-vahI, pR0 24 // 3-bhagavatI, 8 / 5 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 37 lie haiN|' brAhmaNa saMnyAsI mukhyatayA ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, saMtoSa aura muktatA-ina pA~ca vratoM kA pAlana karate the / DaoN0 jekobI kA abhimata hai ki jaina-mahAvratoM kI vyavasthA ke AdhAra ukta pA~ca vrata bane haiN| yaha saMbhAvanA kevala kalpanA para AdhArita hai| isakA koI vAstavika AdhAra nahIM hai| yadi hama vratoM ko paramparA kA aitihAsika adhyayana kareM to ahiMsA Adi vratoM kA mUla brAhmaNa-paramparA meM nahIM paaeNge| DaoN. jekobI ne baudhAyana meM ullikhita vratoM ke AdhAra para yaha saMbhAvanA ko, kintu prazna yaha hai ki usameM vrata kahA~ se Ae ? isa prazna para vicAra karane se pUrva saMnyAsa-Azrama para vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki vrata aura saMnyAsa kA avicchinna sambandha hai| vaidika-sAhitya meM sarva prAcIna grantha veda haiN| unameM 'Azrama' zabda kA ullekha nahIM hai| brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka granthoM meM bhI AzramoM kI carcA nahIM hai| upaniSad-kAla meM AzramoM kI carcA prArambha hotI hai / bRhadAraNyaka meM saMnyAsa ko 'Atma-jijJAsA ke bAda hone vAlI sthiti' kahA hai| vahA~ likhA hai-'isa AtmA ko brAhmaNa vedoM ke svAdhyAya, yajJa, dAna aura niSkAma-tapa ke dvArA jAnane kI icchA karate haiN| isI ko jAna kara muni hote haiM / isa Atma-loka kI hI icchA karate hue tyAgI puruSa saba kucha tyAga kara cale jAte haiM, saMnyAsI ho jAte haiN| isa saMnyAsa meM kAraNa yaha hai-pUrvavartI vidvAn santAna (tathA sakAma karma Adi) ko icchA nahIM karate the| ( ve socate the ) hameM prajA se kyA lenA hai, jina hamako ki yaha Atma-loka abhISTa hai| ata: ve putraiSaNA, vittaSaNA aura lokaiSaNA se vyutthAna kara phira bhikSA-caryA karate the|"2 ___ isa uddharaNa meM "pUrvavartI vidvAn santAna kI icchA nahIM karate the aura lokeSaNA se vyutthAna kara phira bhikSA-caryA karate the"-ye vAkya nivartaka-paramparA kI ora saMketa karate haiM / vedika-paramparA lokaiSaNA se vimukha nahIM rahI hai / usameM putraiSaNA kI pradhAnatA rahI hai aura yahA~ batAyA hai ki jo bhI putraiSaNA hai, vaha vittaSaNA hai aura jo vittaSaNA hai, vahI lokeSaNA hai / zramaNa-paramparA kA mukhya sUtra hai- "lokeSaNA mata karo"-"no logassesaNaM cre|"4 bhRgu purohita ne apane putroM se kahA--"pahale putroM ko utpanna karo, phira AraNyaka muni ho 1-The Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXII, Introduction p. 24. "It is therefore probable that the Jainas have borrowed their own vows from the Brahmans, not from the Buddhists. 2-bRhadAraNyaka, 4 / 4 / 22 / 3- vahI, 4 / 4 / 22 / 4-AcArAMga, 1 / 4 / 1 / 128 /

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38. uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jaanaa|" unhoMne uttara kI bhASA meM kahA--- "pitA ! putra trANa nahIM hote, isalie unheM utpanna karanA anivArya dharma nahIM hai|"2 vaidika dhAraNA ThIka isa dhAraNA ke viparIta hai| taittirIya saMhitA meM kahA gayA hai-"janma prApta karane vAlA brAhmaNa tIna RNoM ke sAtha hI janma letA hai| RSiyoM kA RNa brahmacarya se, devoM kA RNa yajJa se tathA pitaroM kA RNa prajotpAdana se cukAyA jA sakatA hai / putravAn, yajanazIla tathA brahmacarya ko pUrNa karane vAlA mAnava uRNa hotA hai / "3 isI prakAra aitareya brAhmaNa meM batAyA hai-"ikSvAku-vaMza ke vedhasa rAjA kA putra rAjA harizcandra nissaMtAna thaa| usake sau patniyA~ thiiN| parantu usake koI putra na huaa| usake ghara meM parvata aura nArada do RSi rahate the| usane nArada se pUchA-"sabhI putra kI icchA karate haiM, jJAnI ho yA ajJAnI / he nArada ! batAo, putra se kyA lAbha hotA hai ?" ' nArada ne isa eka prazna kA dasa zlokoM meM uttara diyaa| unameM pahalA zloka isa prakAra hai ___ RNa masmin sanayatyamRtattvaM ca gacchati / pitA putrasya jAtasya pazyeccejjIvatomukham // -agara pitA jIte hue putra kA mukha dekha le to usakA RNa chUTa jAtA hai aura vaha amara ho jAtA hai| ukta uddharaNoM se yaha spaSTa hai ki zramaNa-paramparA meM saMnyAsa kI pradhAnatA rahI hai aura vaidika-paramparA meM putra utpanna karane kii| usa sthiti meM isa upaniSad kA yaha vAkya'tatpUrve vidvAMsaH prajAM na kAmayaMte' bahuta hI artha-sUcaka hai| - jaina-darzana kA saMnyAsa nitAnta AtmavAda para AdhArita hai| AcAra kI ArAdhanA vahI kara pAtA hai, jo AtmavAdI, lokavAdI, karmavAdI aura kriyAvAdI hotA hai / Atma-jijJAsA ke binA saMnyAsa kA prazna hI upasthita nahIM hotaa| isa dhAraNA ke Aloka meM hama sahaja hI yaha dekha pAte haiM ki Atma-jijJAsA para AdhArita saMnyAsa (jisakA saMketa bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad detA hai) zramaNoM kI dIrghakAlIna paramparA hai / 1-uttarAdhyayana, 1406 / 2-vahI, 14 / 12 / 3-taittirIya saMhitA, 6 / 3 / 10 / 5 / 4-aitareya brAhmaNa, 7 vIM paMcikA, adhyAya 3 / 5-AcArAMga, 1111115 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA ko ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 36 bhagavAn pArzva ke samaya zramaNa-saMgha bahuta susaMgaThita thaa| upaniSad kA racanA-kAla unase pahale nahIM jaataa| bhagavAna pArzva kA astitva-kAla I0 pU0 dasavIM zatAbdI hai| aura upaniSadoM kA racanA-kAla prAyaH I0 pUrva 800 se 300 ke bIca kA hai / 1-bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa-kAla I0 pU0 528 meM huA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jIvana-kAla 72 varSa kA thaa| (dekhie-jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para vizada prakAza, pR0 26) : bhagavAn pArzva bhagavAn mahAvIra se 250 varSa pahale hue the| pAsa jiNAo ya hoi viirjinno| aTThAijjasaehiM gaehiM carimo smuppnno|| unakA 100 varSa kA jIvana-kAla thaa| isa prakAra bhagavAn pArzva kA astitvakAla I0 pU0 dasavIM zatAbdI hotA hai| AcArya guNabhadra ke anusAra bhagavAn pArzva ke nirvANa ke 250 varSa bAda bhagavAn mahAvIra kA nirvANa huA thA pArvezatIrthe santAne, pNcaashdvishtaabdke| tadabhyantaravAyu, mahAvIro'tra jAtavAn // -mahApurANa (uttarapurANa), parva 74, pR0 462 / arthAt zrI pArzvanAtha tIrthaGkara ke bAda do sau pacAsa varSa bIta jAne para zrI mahAvIra svAmI utpanna hue the, unakI Ayu (72 varSa) bhI isI meM zAmila hai : AcArya guNabhadra ke ukta abhimata se bhagavAn pAva kA astitva-kAla I0 pU0 nauvIM zatAbdI hotA hai| Co. (7) History of the Sanskrit Literature, p. 226. Arthara e. maikaDaoNnala ke abhimata meM prAcInatama varga bRhadAraNyaka, chAndogya, taittirIya, aitareya aura kauzItakI upaniSad kA racanA-kAla IsA pUrva (kha) A. B. Kieth : the Religion and Philosophy of the Veda and Upanisads, P. 20. isake anusAra vaidika-sAhitya kA kAla-mAna isa prakAra hai 1-upaniSad - I0 pU0 5vIM shtaabdii| 2-brAhmaNa - I0 pU0 6vIM shtaabdii| 3-bAda kI saMhitAe~ - I0 pU0 8-7vIM zatAbdI / inhoMne jaina tIrthaGkara pArzva kA kAla IsA pUrva 740 nirdhArita kiyA hai aura prAcInatama upaniSadoM kA kAla pArzva ke bAda mAnA hai|

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40 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa sthiti meM yaha mAna lenA koI kaThina bAta nahIM ki saMnyAsa aura vratoM kI vyavasthA ke lie zramaNa-dharma vaidika-dharma kA RNI nahIM hai| veda, brAhmaNa aura AraNyaka-sAhitya meM mahAvratoM kA ullekha nahIM hai / jina upaniSadoM, purANoM aura smRtiyoM meM unakA ullekha hai, ve sabhI grantha bhagavAn pArzva ke uttarakAlIna hai| ataH pUrvakAlIna vrata-vyavasthA ko uttaravartI vrata-vyavasthA ne prabhAvita kiyA-yaha mAnanA svAbhAvika nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra bhagavAn pArzva ke uttaravartI tIrthaGkara haiN| unhoMne bhagavAn pArzva ke vratoM kA hI vikAsa kiyA thaa| unhoMne isa viSaya meM kisI anya paramparA kA anusaraNa nahIM kiyaa| unake uttarakAla meM mahAvrata itane vyApaka ho gae ki unakA mUla-srota DhU~r3hanA eka pahelI bana gyaa| isa dizA meM kabhI-kabhI prayatna huA hai| unake abhimata isa prakAra haiM-pArzvanAtha kA dharma mahAvIra ke paJca mahAvratoM meM pariNata huA hai / vahI dharma buddha ke aSTAMgika mArga meM aura yoga ke yama-niyamoM meM prakaTa (ga) epha0 meksamUlara-dI vedAja, pR0 146-148 : inakI mAnyatA hai ki upaniSadoM meM pratipAdita vedAnta-darzana kA kAla mAna IsA pUrva pA~cavIM zatAbdI hai| (gha) eca0 sI0 rAyacaudharI-poliTikala hisTrI oNpha ensiyanTa iNDiyA, pR0 52 : ye mAnate haiM ki videha kA mahArAja janaka yAjJavalkya ke samakAlIna the| yAjJavalkya, bRhadAraNyaka aura chAndogya upaniSad ke mukhya pA~ca pAtra haiN| unakA kAla-mAna IsA pUrva sAtavIM zatAbdI hai| vahI, pR0 97--jaina tIrthaGkara pArzva kA janma IsA pUrva 877 aura nirvANa-kAla IsA pUrva 777 hai| isase bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki prAcInatama upaniSad pArzva ke bAda ke haiN| (Ga) rAdhAkRSNana-iNDiyana philosapho, bhAga 1, pR0 142 : (1) inakI mAnyatA hai ki aitareya, kauzItakI, taittirIya, chAndogya aura bRhadAraNyaka-ye sabhI upaniSad prAcInatama haiN| ye buddha se pUrva ke haiN| inakA kAla-mAna IsA pUrva dasavIM zatAbdI se tIsarI zatAbdI taka mAnA jA sakatA hai| (2) rAdhAkRSNana-dI priMsipala upaniSadAja , pR0 22 : buddha-pUrva ke prAcInatama upaniSadoM kA kAla-mAna IsA pUrva AThavIM zatAbdI se IsA tIsarI zatAbdI taka kA hai|

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 41 huaa| gA~dhIjI ke Azrama-dharma meM bhI pradhAnatayA cAturyAma-dharma dRSTigocara hotA hai|' hindutva aura jana-dharma Apasa meM ghula mila kara aba itane ekAkAra ho gae haiM ki Aja kA sAdhAraNa hindU yaha jAnatA bhI nahIM ki ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha ye jaina-dharma ke upadeza the, hindutva ke nahIM / 2 brahmacarya aura aparigraha mahAvrata ___ bhagavAn pArzva ke cAturyAma-dharma meM brahmacarya aura aparigraha jaise zabdoM kI vyavasthA nahIM thii| unakI vyavasthA meM bAhya vastuoM kI anAsakti kA sUcaka zabda thA 'bahistAtAdAna-viramaNa / ' bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa vyavasthA meM parivartana kiyA aura 'bahistAtAdAna-viramaNa' ko 'brahmacarya' aura 'aparigraha' ina do zabdoM meM vibhakta kara DAlA / brahmacarya zabda vaidika-sAhitya meM pracalita thaa| kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ne eka mahAvrata ke rUpa meM brahmacarya kA prayoga kiyaa| usa rUpa meM vaha vaidika sAhitya meM prayukta nahIM thA / aparigraha zabda kA bhI mahAvrata ke rUpa meM sarva prathama bhagavAna mahAvIra ne hI prayoga kiyA thaa| jAbAlopaniSad (5), nArada parivrAjakopaniSad (3 / 8 / 6), tejobindUpaniSad (1 / 3), yAjyavalkyopaniSad (2 / 1), AruNikopaniSad (3), gItA (6 / 10), yogasUtra (2 / 30) meM aparigraha zabda milatA hai, kintu ye sabhI grantha bhagavAn mahAvIra ke uttaravartI haiN| unake pUrvavartI kisI bhI grantha meM aparigraha zabda kA eka mahAn vrata ke rUpa meM prayoga nahIM huA hai| jaina-dharma kA bahuta bar3A bhAga vrata aura avrata kI mImAMsA hai| sambhavataH anya kisI bhI darzana meM vratoM kI itanI mImAMsA nahIM huii| caudaha guNasthAnoM-vizuddhi kI bhUmikAoM meM avratI cauthe, aNuvratI pA~caveM aura mahAvratI chaThe guNasthAna kA adhikArI hotA hai| yaha vikAsa kisI dIrghakAlIna paramparA kA hai, tatkAla gRhIta paramparA kA nhiiN| . saMnyAsa yA zrAmaNya saMnyAsa zramaNa-paramparA kA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa tattva rahA hai| ajitakezakambala jaise ucchedavAdI zramaNa bhI saMnyAsI the| vaidika-paramparA meM saMnyAsa kI vyavasthA upaniSadkAla meM mAnya huI hai / vaidika-kAla meM brahmacarya aura gRhastha-ye do hI vyavasthA-krama the / AraNyaka-kAla meM 'nyAsa' ( saMnyAsa) ko mokSa kA hetu kahA gayA hai aura vaha satya, 1-pArzvanAtha kA cAturyAma dharma, bhUmikA pR0 6 / 2-saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR0 125 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - tapa, dama, zama, dAna, dharma, putrotpAdana, amihotra, yajJa aura mAnasika-upAsanA-ina sabase utkRSTa batalAyA gayA hai / ' kintu vaha kina logoM dvArA svIkRta thA, isakA ullekha nahIM hai| Azrama-vyavasthA kA aspaSTa varNana chAndogya upaniSad meM milatA hai| vahA~ likhA hai-dharma ke tIna skandha (AdhAra-stambha ) haiM---yajJa, adhyayana aura dAna / yajJa pahalA skandha hai| tapa dUsarA skandha hai| AcArya kula meM apane zarIra ko atyanta kSINa kara denA tIsarA skandha hai| ye sabhI puNya-loka ke bhAgI hote haiN| brahma meM samyaka prakAra se sthita saMnyAsI amRtatva ko prApta hotA hai / 2 bRhadAraNyaka meM saMnyAsa kA ullekha hai / jAbAlopaniSad meM cAra AzramoM kI spaSTa vyavasthA prApta hotI hai| vahA~ batAyA hai ki brahmacarya ko samApta kara gRhastha, usake bAda vAnaprastha aura usake bAda pravajita honA caahie| yaha samuccaya pakSa hai / yadi vairAgya utkaTa ho to brahmacarya, gRhastha yA vAnaprastha kisI bhI Azrama se saMnyAsa svIkAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| jisa samaya vairAgya utpanna ho, usI samaya pravajita ho jAnA caahie| yaha vikalpa pakSa hai| cAra AzramoM kI vyavasthA ho jAne para bhI dharma-zAstra aura kalpasUtrakAra gRhasthAzrama ko hI mahattva dete rahe haiN| vaziSTha ne likhA hai-'Azrama cAra haiN| brahmacArI, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura parivrAjaka / 5 gRhastha hI yajana karatA hai, tapa tapatA hai / isalie cAroM AzramoM meM vahI viziSTa hai| jaise saba nadI aura nada samudra meM Akara sthita hote haiM, vaise hI sabhI AzramI gRhastha Azrama meM sthita hote haiN|6 . 1-taittirIyAraNyaka 1, anuvAka 62, pR0 766 : nyAsa iti brahmA brahmA hi paraH paro hi brahmA tAni vA etAnyavarANi tapA~si nyAsa evAtyarecayat iti / 2-chAndogyopaniSad, 2 / 23 / 1 / 3-bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4 / 4 / 22 / 4-jAbAlopaniSad, 4 / 5-vAziSTha dharma-zAstra, 7 / 1 / 2 / 6-vahI, 8 / 14-15: gRhasthaeva yajate, gRhastha stapyate tapaH / caturNAmAzramANAM tu, gRhasthazca viziSyate // yathA nadI nadAH sarve, samudre yAnti saMsthitim / eva mAzramiNaH sarve, gRhasthe yAnti saMsthitim //

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 43 vaidika paramparA ke mUla meM yaha mAnyatA sthira rahI hai ki vastuta: Azrama eka hI hai, vaha hai gRhasthAzrama / baudhAyana ne likhA hai-"prahlAda ke putra kapila ne devoM ke prati spardhA ke kAraNa Azrama-bhedoM kI vyavasthA kI hai, isalie manISI varga ko usakA svIkAra nahIM karanA caahie|" ___ isI bhUmikA ke saMdarbha meM brAhmaNa veSadhArI indra ne nami rAjarSi se kahA thA"rAjarSe ! gRhavAsa ghora Azrama hai / tuma ise chor3a dUsare Azrama meM jAnA cAhate ho, yaha ucita nahIM / tuma yahIM raho aura yahIM dharma-poSaka kArya kro|" isake uttara meM nemi rAjarSi ne jo kahA vaha zramaNa-paramparA kA pakSa hai| unhoMne kahA-"brAhmaNa ! mAsa-mAsa kA upavAsa karane vAlA aura pAraNa meM kuza kI noka para Tike utanA svalpa AhAra khAne vAlA gRhastha muni-dharma kI solahavIM kalA kI tulanA meM bhI nahIM jaataa|"2 ___ zramaNa-paramparA meM jIvana ke do hI vikalpa mAnya rahe hai-gRhastha aura zramaNa / zramaNa koI gRhastha hI banatA hai| ataH jIvana kA prArambhika rUpa gRhastha hI hai zrAmaNya viveka dvArA lakSya pUrti ke lie svIkRta pakSa hai| vAziSTha kA yaha abhimata-"sabhI AzramI gRhastha-Azrama meM sthita hote haiM"-yadi isa Azaya para AdhArita ho ki saba AzramoM kA mUla gRhasthAzrama hai to vaha zramaNa-paramparA meM bhI amAnya nahIM hai| vAziSTha ne svayaM Age likhA hai-"jaise mAtA ke sahAre saba jIva jIte haiM, vaise hI gRhastha ke sahAre saba bhikSu jIte haiN|' 3 yaha tathya uttarAdhyayana meM yAcanA-parISaha ke rUpa meM svIkRta hai : "are ! anagAra-bhikSu kI yaha dainika-caryA kitanI kaThina hai ki use saba kucha yAcanA se milatA hai| usake pAsa ayAcita kucha bhI nahIM hotaa|"4 kintu zramaNa-paramparA vaidika paramparA ke isa abhimata se sahamata nahIM ki gRhasthaAzrama saMnyAsa kI tulanA meM zreSTha hai| isIlie kahA hai 1-baudhAyana dharmasUtra, 2 / 6 / 30 : prahlAdihave kapilo nAmAsura Asa sa etAnbhedAMzcakAra devaiH saha spardhamAna stAn manISI naadriyet| 2-uttarAdhyayana, 9 / 42-44 / 3-vAziSTha dharmazAstra, 8 / 16 : yathA mAtaramAzritya, sarve jIvanti jantavaH / evaM gRhasthamAzritya, sarve jIvanti bhikSukAH // 4-uttarAdhyayana, 2028 /

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. uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : "gocarAgna meM praviSTa muni ke lie gRhasthoM ke sAmane hAtha pasAranA sarala nahIM hai| ataH gRhavAsa hI zreya hai-muni aisA cintana na kre|" jaina-dharma kI mUla mAnyatA yaha hai ki avrata preya hai-bandhana hai aura vrata zreya haimukti hai| suvratI manuSya svarga ko prApta hotA hai, bhale phira vaha bhikSu ho yA gRhastha / / --- "zraddhAlu zrAvaka gRhastha-sAmAyika ke aMgoM kA AcaraNa kre| donoM pakSoM meM kie jAne vAle pauSadha ko eka dina-rAta ke lie bhI na chodd'e| __ "isa prakAra zikSA se samApanna suvratI manuSya gRhavAsa meM rahatA huA bhI audArikazarIra se mukta hokara devaloka meM jAtA hai| "jo saMvRtta bhikSu hotA hai, vaha donoM meM se eka hotA hai-saba dukhoM se mukta yA mahAn Rddhi vAlA deva / " 3 ina zlokoM kI spaSTa dhvani hai ki subatI gRhastha va vrata-saMpanna bhikSu kI zreSTha gati hotI hai| jaba taka vrata kA pUrNa utkarSa nahIM hotA, taba taka vaha marane ke bAda svarga meM jAtA hai aura jaba vrata kA pUrNa utkarSa ho jAtA hai, taba mRtyu ke bAda mokSa prApta hotA hai / bhikSu kI zreSThatA janmanA to hai hI nahIM, kintu veza se bhI nahIM hai| usakI zreSThatA kA eka mAtra hetu vrata yA saMyama hai / isI dRSTi se kahA hai-. ___ "kucha bhikSuoM se gRhasthoM kA saMyama pradhAna hotA hai, kintu sAdhuoM kA saMyama saba gRhasthoM se pradhAna hotA hai| "cIvara, carma, nagnatva, jaTAdhArIpana, saMghATI (utarIya vastra) aura sira muMDAnA-ye saba duSTazIla vAle sAdhu kI rakSA nahIM krte| ___"bhikSA se jIvana calAne vAlA bhI yadi duHzIla ho to vaha naraka se nahIM chuutttaa|" bhikSu kA artha hI vratI hai / apUrNa vratI yA vrata kI paripUrNa ArAdhanA taka na pahuMcane vAle ko svarga hI prApta hotA hai, mokSa nhiiN| mokSa usI ko prApta hotA hai, jo vrata ko carama ArAdhanA taka pahu~ca jAtA hai| aisA gRhastha ke veza meM bhI ho sakatA hai|5 veza bhale hI gRhastha kA ho, Atmika-zuddhi se jo isa sthiti taka pahuMca jAtA hai, vaha 1-uttarAdhyayana, 2029 / 2-vahI, 222 / 3-vahI, 223-25 // 4-vahI, // 20-22 / 5-naMdI, sUtra 21: gihiliNgsiddhaa|

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA ko ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 45 vAstavika artha meM bhikSu hI hotA hai / isIlie "saba duHkhoM se mukta yA mahAn Rddhi vAlA deva"-ye do vikalpa kevala bhikSu ke lie hI haiN| gRhastha vahI hotA hai, jo mahAvrata yA usake utkarSa taka nahIM pahuMca pAtA / zramaNa-paramparA meM zramaNa hone se pUrva gRha-vAsa karanA Avazyaka nahIM mAnA gyaa| koI vyakti bAlya avasthA meM bhI 'zramaNa' ho sakatA hai, yauvana yA bur3hApe meM bhI ho sakatA hai| __bhRgu purohita ne apane putroM se kahA--"putro ! pahale hama saba eka sAtha raha kara samyaktva aura vratoM kA pAlana kareM, phira tumhArA yauvana bIta jAne ke bAda ghara-ghara se bhikSA lete hue vihAra kreNge|"2 ___taba putra bole- "pitA ! kala kI icchA vahI kara sakatA hai, jisakI mRtyu ke sAtha maitrI ho, jo mauta ke muMha se baca kara palAyana kara sake aura jo jAnatA ho-maiM nahIM mruuNgaa|" bauddha-saMgha meM bhikSu-jIvana ko do avasthAeM mAnya haiM- zrAmaNera avasthA tathA upasampanna avsthaa| zrAmaNera avasthA meM kevala dasa niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai| upasampanna bhikSu ko prAtimokSa ke antargata do sau sattAIsa niyamoM kA pAlana karanA par3atA hai / bIsa varSa kI Ayu ke bAda hI koI upasampanna ho sakatA hai| isa prakaraNa kI mImAMsA kA sAra-bhAga yaha hai1. zramaNa-paramparA meM gRhastha-jIvana kI apekSA zramaNa-jIvana zreSTha mAnA gyaa| 2. zramaNa hone ke nAte tIna avasthAeM yogya mAnI gii| 3. zramaNa-jIvana se hI mokSa kI prApti mAnI gii| yajJa-pratirodha aura veda kA aprAmANya hamAre sAMskRtika adhyayana kI yaha sahaja upalabdhi hai ki vaidika-saMskRti kA kendra yajJa aura zramaNa-saMskRti kA kendra zrAmaNya rahA hai| vaidika dhAraNA hai-yajJa kI utpatti kA mUla hai--vizva kA AdhAra / pApoM kA nAza, zatruoM kA saMhAra, vipattiyoM kA nivAraNa, rAkSasoM kA vidhvaMsa, vyAdhiyoM kA parihAra saba yajJa se hI sampanna hotA hai / kyA dIrghAyu, kyA samRddhi, kyA amaratva sabakA sAdhana yajJa hI mAnA gayA hai| vAstava meM vaidikoM ke jIvana kA sampUrNa darzana yajJa meM surakSita hai| yajJa ke isa tattva kA svarUpa 1-sthAnAMga, 3 / 2 / 155 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 26 / 3-bahI, 14 // 27 // 4-suttanipAta, pR0 244 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / Rgveda meM yoM vyakta huA hai-yajJa isa bhuvana kI, utpanna hone vAle saMsAra kI nAbhi hai, utpatti pradhAna hai| deva tathA RSi yajJa se hI utpanna hue; yajJa se hI grAma aura araNya ke pazuoM kI sRSTi huI; azva, gAe~, aja, bher3eM, veda Adi kA nirmANa bhI yajJa ke hI kAraNa huaa| yajJa hI devoM kA prathama dharma thA / ' __Arya-pUrva-jAtiyoM ( jo zramaNa-paramparA kA anugamana karatI thIM ) kA prathama dharma thA ahiMsA / isIlie ve yajJa-saMsthA se kabhI prabhAvita nahIM huii| jaina aura bauddha-sAhitya meM yajJa ke prati jo anAdara kA bhAva milatA hai, vaha unakI cirakAlIna yajJa-virodhI dhAraNA kA pariNAma hai| brAhmaNa veSadhArI indra ne nami rAjarSi se kahA-"rAjarSe ! pahale tuma vipula yajJa karo, phira zramaNa bana jAnA / "2 isa para rAjarSi ne kahA-"jo manuSya pratimAsa dasa lAkha gAeM detA hai, usake lie bhI saMyama zreya hai, bhale phira vaha kucha bhI na de|"3 yajJa-saMsthA kA pratirodha prArambha se hI hotA rahA hai| agni-hIna vyaktiyoM kA ullekha Rgaveda meM milatA hai| unheM deva-virodhI aura yajJa-virodhI bhI kahA gayA hai| yati-varga yajJa-virodhI thA / indra ne use sAlAvakoM ko samarpita kiyA thaa| isa prakAra ke aura bhI aneka varga the| unhoMne vaidika dhArA ko prabhAvita kiyA thaa| lakSmaNa zAstrI ke anusAra- "isa avaidika aura yajJa ko na mAnane vAlI pravRtti ne vaidika vicAra paddhati ko bhI prabhAvita kiyaa| bAhya karmakANDa ke badale mAnasika karma rUpa upAsanA ko pradhAnatA dene vAlI vicAradhArA yajurveda meM prakaTa huI hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki jisa taraha azvameva ke bala para pApa aura brahma-hatyA se mukta honA saMbhava hai usI taraha azvamedha kI cintanAtmaka upAsanA ke bala para bhI inhIM doSoM se mukta honA saMbhava hai ( taittirIya saMhitA 5 / 3 / 12) / isa taraha kI zuddha mAnasika upAsanA kA vidhAna karane vAle anekoM vaidika ullekha prApta haiN|' yajJa-saMsthAna kA pratirodha zramaNa hI nahIM kara rahe the kintu unase prabhAvita AraNyaka aura aupaniSadika RSi bhI karane lage the| pratirodha kI thor3I rekhAeM brAhmaNa-kAla meM 1-vaidika saMskRti kA vikAsa, pR0 40 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 9138 / 3-vahI, 9 / 40 / 4-tANDya mahAbrAhmaNa, 1334 : indro yatIn sAlAvRkebhyaH prAyacchat / 5-vaidika saMskRti kA vikAsa, pR0 196 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura unake hetu 47 bhI khiMca cukI thIM / zatapatha brAhmaNakAra ne kahA-"jisa sthAna para kAmanAeM pUrNa hotI haiM, vahA~ pahuMcanA vidyA kI sahAyatA se hI saMbhava hai| vahA~ na dakSiNA pahu~ca pAtI hai aura na vidyA-hIna tpsvii|"1 ___ RSi kAvaSeya kahate haiM-"hama vedoM kA adhyayana kisalie kareM aura yajJa bhI kisalie kareM ? kyoMki vANI kA uparama hone para prANa-vRtti kA vilaya hotA hai aura prANa kA uparama hone para vANI kI vRtti kA udbhava hotA hai, prANa kI pravRtti hone para vANI kI vRtti vilIna ho jAtI hai|"2 ___ upaniSadkAra ne kahA- "yajJa ke aTThAraha ( solaha Rtvika, yajamAna aura patnI) sAdhana, jo jJAna rahita karma ke Azraya hote haiM, vinAzI aura asthira haiN| jo mUr3ha 'yahI zreya hai' isa prakAra inakA abhinandana karate haiM, ve bAra-bAra jarA-maraNa ko prApta hote rahate haiN|"3 isa vicAradhArA ke uparAnta bhI yajJa-saMsthA nirvIrya nahIM huI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM bhI usakA pravAha cAlU thaa| uttarAdhyayana ke cAra adhyayanoM (6,12,14,25) meM usakI carcA huI hai| bhRgu putroM ne jo kahA, vaha lagabhaga vahI hai jo RSi kAvaSeya ne kahA thaa| bhRgu ne kahA-"putro ! pahale vedoM kA adhyayana karo, phira AraNyaka muni ho jaanaa|"4 taba ve bole-"pitA ! veda par3ha lene para bhI ve trANa nahIM hote / "5 isa uttara ke pIche jo bhAvanA hai, usakA sambandha kAmanA aura yajJa se hai| veda kAmanA-pUrti aura yajJoM ke pratipAdaka haiM, isIlie ve trANa nahIM haiN| isa atrANatA kA vizada varNana prajApati manu aura vRhaspati ke saMvAda meM milatA hai| manu ne kahA-"veda meM jo karmoM ke prayoga batAe gae haiM, ve prAyaH sakAmabhAva ye yukta haiM / jo ina kAmanAoM se mukta hotA hai, vahI paramAtmA ko pA sakatA hai| nAnA prakAra ke karma-mArga meM sukha kI icchA rakha kara pravRtta hone vAlA manuSya paramAtmA ko prApta nahIM hotaa|"6 . uttarAdhyayana se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki usa samaya nirgrantha zramaNa yajJa ke bADoM meM 1-zatapatha brAhmaNa, 10 / 5 / 4 / 16 / 2-aitareya AraNyaka, 3 / 2 / 6, pR0.266 : etaddha sma vai tadvidvAMsa Ahu RSayaH kAvaSeyAH kimarthA vayamadhyeSyAmahe kimarthA vayaM yakSyAmahe vAci hi prANaM juhumaH prANe vA vAcaM yo hya va prabhavaH sa evApyayaH iti| 3-muNDakopaniSad, 1127 / 4-uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 9 / 5-vahI, 14 / 12 / 6-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 201 / 12 /

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40 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhikSA ke lie jAte the aura yajJa kI vyarthatA aura Atmika-yajJa kI saphalatA kA pratipAdana karate the| mahAtmA buddha ne bhI alpa sAmagrI ke mahAn yajJa kA pratipAdana kiyA thA aura ve bhikSu-saMgha ke sAtha bhojana ke lie yajJa-maNDala meM bhI gae the| kUTadaMta brAhmaNa ke prazna kA uttara dete huye unhoMne pA~ca mahAphaladAyI yajJoM kA ullekha kiyA thA (1) dAna yajJa (2) trizaraNa yajJa (3) zikSApada yajJa (4) zIla yajJa (5) samAghi yajJa sAMkhya-darzana ko avaidika-paramparA yA zramaNa-paramparA kI zreNi meM mAnane kA yaha eka bahuta bar3A AdhAra hai ki vaha yajJa kA pratirodhI thaa| yajJa kA pratirodhaka vaidika-mArga nahIM ho sktaa| ataH upaniSad kI dhArA meM jo yajJa-pratirodha huA, use avaidika-paramparA ke vicAroM kI pariNati kahanA adhika saMgata hai| jAti kI atAttvikatA vaidika loga jAti ko tAttvika mAnate the| Rgveda ke anusAra brAhmaNa prajApati ke mukha se utpanna huA, rAjanya usako bAhu se utpanna huA, vaizya usake Uru se utpanna huA aura zUdra usake pairoM se utpanna huaa| zramaNa-paramparA jAti ko atAttvika mAnatI thii| brAhmaNa janmanA jAti ke samarthaka the| usa sthiti meM zramaNa isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karate ki jAti karmaNA hotI hai| mahAtmA buddha manuSya jAti kI ekatA kA pratipAdana bahuta prabhAvazAlI paddhati se karate the| vAseTTha aura bhAradvAja vivAda kA parisamApana karate hue unhoMne kahA___"maiM kramazaH yathArtha rUpa se prANiyoM ke jAti-bheda ko batAtA huuN| jisase bhinna-bhinna jAtiyA~ hotI haiN| tRNa vRkSoM ko jAno yadyapi ve isa bAta kA dAvA nahIM karate, phira bhI unameM jAtimaya lakSaNa haiM, jisase bhinna-bhinna jAtiyA~ hotI haiN| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 12 / 38-44,2515-16 / 2-dIghanikAya, 115, pR0 53-55 / 3-Rgveda, maM0 10, a0 7, sU0 91, maM0 12 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA ko ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 46 kIToM, pataMgoM aura cITiyoM taka meM jAtimaya lakSaNa haiM, jisase unameM bhinna-bhinna jAtiyA~ hotI haiN| choTe, bar3e jAnavaroM ko bhI jAno, unameM bhI jAtimaya lakSaNa haiM ( jisase ) bhinnabhinna jAtiyA~ hotI haiN| phira pAnI meM rahane vAlI jalacara machaliyoM ko bhI jAno, unameM bhI jAtimaya lakSaNa haiM, (jinase) bhinna-bhinna jAtiyA~ hotI haiN| ____ AkAza meM paMkhoM dvArA ur3ane vAle pakSiyoM ko bhI jAno, unameM bhI jAtimaya lakSaNa haiM, ( jisase ) bhinna-bhinna jAtiyA~ hotI haiN| jisa prakAra ina jAtiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna jAtimaya lakSaNa haiM, usa prakAra manuSyoM meM bhinna-bhinna jAtimaya lakSaNa nahIM haiM / dUsarI jAtiyoM kI taraha na to manuSyoM ke kezoM meM, na zira meM, na kAnoM meM, na A~khoM meM, na nAka meM, na oThoM meM, na bhauMhoM meM, na gale meM, na aMgoM meM, na peTa meM, na pITha meM, na pAdoM meM, na aMguliyoM meM, na nakhoM meM, na jaMghoM meM, na uruoM meM, na zreNi meM, na ura meM, na yoni meM, na maithuna meM, na hAthoM meM, na varNa meM aura na svara meM jAtimaya lakSaNa haiN| (prANiyoM kI) bhinnatA zarIroM meM hai, manuSya meM vaisA nahIM hai| manuSyoM meM bhinnatA nAma mAtra kI hai| bAseTha ! manuSyoM meM jo koI gau-rakSA se jIvikA karatA hai, use kRSaka jAno na ki brAhmaNa / vAseTha ! manuSyoM meM jo koI nAnA zilpoM se jIvikA karatA hai, use zilpI jAno na ki brAhmaNa / . . vAseTha ! manuSyoM meM jo koI vyApAra se jIvikA karatA hai, use baniyA jAno na ki. braahmnn| vAseTha ! manuSyoM meM jo koI corI se jIvikA karatA hai, use cora jAno na ki brAhmaNa / vAseTha ! manuSyoM meM jo koI dhanurvidyA se jIvikA karatA hai, use yoddhA jAno na . ki braahmnn| . vAseTha ! manuSyoM meM jo koI purohitAI se jovikA karatA hai, use purohita jAno na ki brAhmaNa / __vAseTha ! manuSyoM meM jo koI grAma yA rASTra kA upabhoga karatA hai, use rAjA jAno na ki brAhmaNa / . brAhmaNI mAtA kI yoni se utpanna hone se hI maiM (kisI ko) brAhmaNa nahIM khtaa| jo sampattizAlI hai (vaha) dhanI kahalAtA hai, jo akiMcana hai, tRSNA rahita hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___jo rassI rUpI krodha ko, pragraha rUpI tRSNA ko, mu~ha para ke jAla rUpI mithyA dhAraNAoM ko aura juA rUpI avidyA ko tor3a kara buddha huA hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jo kaTuvacana, vadha aura bandhana ko binA dveSa ke saha letA hai, kSamAzIla-kSamA hI jisakI senA aura bala hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| pAnI meM lipta na hone vAle kamala kI taraha aura Are kI noka para na Tikane vAle sarasoM ke dAne kI taraha jo viSayoM meM lipta nahIM hotA, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| __jo gRhastha, pravajita donoM se alaga hai, jo beghara ho viharaNa karatA hai, jisakI AvazyakatAeM thor3I haiM, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jo sthAvara aura jaMgama saba prANiyoM ke prati daNDa kA tyAga kara na to svayaM unakA vadha karatA hai aura na dUsaroM se (vadha) karAtA hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jo virodhiyoM meM avirodha rahatA hai, hiMsakoM meM zAnta rahatA hai aura AsaktoM meM anAsakta rahatA hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA hU~ / / Are kI noka para na Tikane vAle sarasoM ke dAne kI taraha jisake rAga, dveSa, abhimAna Adi chUTa gae haiM, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jo akarkaza, jJAnakArI-satya bAta bolatA hai, jisase kisI ko coTa nahIM pahu~catI, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jo saMsAra meM lambI yA choTI, patalI yA moTI, acchI yA burI kisI cIja kI corI nahIM karatA, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jise isa loka yA paraloka ke viSaya meM tRSNA nahIM rahatI, jo tRSNA-rahita, Asaktirahita hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jo Asakti-rahita hai, jJAna ke kAraNa saMzaya-rahita ho gayA hai aura amRta (nirvANa) ko prApta hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jo donoM-puNya aura pApa kI AsaktiyoM se pare hai, zoka-rahita, raja-rahita hai use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jo isa saMkaTamaya, durgama saMsAra rUpI moha se pare ho gayA hai, jo use taira kara pAra kara gayA hai, jo dhyAnI hai, jo pApa-rahita hai, saMzaya-rahita hai, tRSNA-rahita ho zAnta ho gayA hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| .. jo viSayoM ko tyAga beghara ho pravajita huA hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| ____ jo tRSNA ko tyAga beghara ho pravrajita huA hai, jo tRSNA-kSINa hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN|

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 51 __ jo rati aura arati ko tyAga, zAnta aura bandhana-rahita ho gayA hai, jo sAre saMsAra kA vijetA aura vIra hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jisane sarva prakAra se prANiyoM kI mRtyu aura janma ko jAna liyA hai, jo anAsakta hai, sugata hai aura buddha hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jisakI gati ko devatA, gandharva aura manuSya nahIM jAnate, jo vAsanA-kSINa aura arhanta hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| __jisako bhUta, vartamAna yA bhaviSya meM kisI prakAra kI Asakti nahIM rahatI, jo parigraha aura Asakti-rahita hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jo zreSTha, uttama, vIra, maharSi, vijetA, sthira, snAtaka aura buddha hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| jisane pUrva janma ke viSaya meM jAna liyA hai, jo svarga aura naraka donoM ko dekhatA hai aura jo janma kSaya ko prApta hai, use maiM brAhmaNa kahatA huuN| saMsAra ke nAma-gotra kalpita haiM aura vyavahAra mAtra haiN| eka-eka ke lie kalpita ye nAma-gotra vyavahAra se cale Ae haiN| mithyAdhAraNA vAle ajJoM (ke mana) meM ye ( nAma ) ghara kara gae haiM / (isIlie) ajJa loga hameM kahate haiM ki brAhmaNa janma se hotA hai| ___na (koI) janma se brAhmaNa hotA hai aura na janma se abrAhmaNa / brAhmaNa karma se hotA hai aura abrAhmaNa bhI karma se / kRSaka karma se hotA hai, zilpI bhI karma se hotA hai, vaNika karma se hotA hai (aura) sevaka bhI karma se| .. cora bhI karma se hotA hai, yoddhA bhI karma se hotA hai, yAjaka bhI karma se hotA hai (aura) rAjA bhI karma se hotA hai|"1 ___- uttarAdhyayana meM harikezabala aura jayaghoSa ke-ye do prasaMga haiM, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jAtivAda sambandhI dRSTikoNa para pUrA prakAza DAlate haiN| harikezabala janmanA cANDAla jAti ke the aura jayaghoSa janmanA brAhmaNa the| ve donoM yajJa-maNDapa meM gae aura unhoMne jAtivAda ko bahuta spaSTa AlocanA kii| ve donoM prasaMga vArANasI meM hI ghaTita hue| . (1) harikezabala ko yajJa-maNDapa meM Ate dekha jAtimada se matta, hiMsaka, ajitendriya, abrahmacArI aura ajJAnI brAhmaNoM ne paraspara isa prakAra kahA-"bIbhatsa rUpa vAlA, kAlA, vikarAla aura bar3I nAka vAlA, adhanaMgA, pAMzu-pizAca (cuDaila)-sA, gale meM zaMkaradRSya (ukuraDI se uThAyA huA cithar3A) DAle hue vaha kauna A rahA hai ? 1-suttanipAta, vaasetttthsutt|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___ "o adarzanIya mUrti ! tuma kauna ho ? kisa AzA se yahA~ Ae ho ? adhanaMge tuma pAMzu-pizAca (cuDaila) se laga rahe ho| jAo, A~khoM se pare cale jaao| yahA~ kyoM khar3e ho ?" usa samaya mahAmuni harikezabala kI anukampA karane vAlA tiMduka vRkSa kA vAsI yakSa apane zarIra kA gopana kara muni ke zarIra meM praveza kara isa prakAra bolA- "Apake yahA~ para bahuta-sA bhojana diyA jA rahA hai, khAyA jA rahA hai aura bhogA jA rahA hai| maiM bhikSAjIvI hU~, yaha Apako jJAta honA cAhie / acchA hI hai kucha bacA bhojana isa tapasvI ko mila jaae|" (somadeva)--'yahA~ jo brAhmaNoM ke lie bhojana banA hai, vaha kevala unhIM ke lie banA hai / vaha eka-pAkSika hai-abrAhmaNa ko adeya hai| aisA anna-pAna hama tumheM nahIM deMge, phira yahA~ kyoM khar3e ho ?" (yakSa)-"acchI upaja kI AzA se kisAna jaise sthala (U~cI bhUmi) meM bIja bote haiM, vaise hI nIcI bhUmi meM bIja bote haiN| isI zraddhA se (apane Apako nimna bhUmi aura mujhe sthala tulya mAnate hue bhI tuma ) mujhe dAna do| puNya kI ArAdhanA kro| yaha kSetra hai, bIja khAlI nahIM jaaegaa|" (somadeva)--"jahA~ boe hue sAre ke sAre bIja uga jAte haiM, ve kSetra isa loka meM hameM jJAta haiM / jo brAhmaNa jAti aura vidyA se yukta haiM, ve hI puNya-kSetra haiN|' (yakSa)-"jinake krodha hai, mAna hai, hiMsA hai, jhUTha hai, corI hai aura aparigraha hai-- ve brAhmaNa jAti-vihIna, vidyA-hIna aura pApa-kSetra haiN| ___"he brAhmaNo ! isa saMsAra meM kevala tuma vANI kA bhAra Dho rahe ho| vedoM ko par3ha kara bhI unakA artha nahIM jaante| jo muni ucca aura nIca gharoM meM bhikSA ke lie jAte haiM, ve hI puNya-kSetra haiN|" __ (somadeva)- "o ! adhyApakoM ke pratikUla bolane vAle sAdhu ! hamAre samakSa tU kyA adhika bola rahA hai ? he nirgrantha ! yaha anna-pAna bhale hI sar3a kara naSTa ho jAe kintu tujhe nahIM deNge|" __(yakSa)-"maiM samitiyoM se samAhita, guptiyoM se gupta aura jitendriya huuN| yaha eSaNIya (vizuddha) AhAra yadi tuma mujhe nahIM doge, to ina yajJoM kA Aja tumheM kyA lAbha hogA ?" (somadeva)-"yahA~ kauna hai kSatriya, rasoiyA, adhyApaka yA chAtra, jo DaNDe aura phala se pITa kara, gala-hatthA dekara isa nirgrantha ko yahA~ se bAhara nikaale|" __ adhyApakoM ke vicAra suna kara bahuta kumAra udhara daur3e aura DaNDoM, betoM aura cAbukoM se usa RSi ko pITane lge|

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA ko ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 53 kozala ke rAjA kI bhadrA nAmaka sundara putrI yajJa-maNDapa meM muni ko pratAr3ita hue dekha kruddha kumAroM ko zAnta karane lgii| usane kahA___ "rAjAoM aura indroM se pUjita yaha vaha RSi hai, jisane merA tyAga kiyaa| devatA ke abhiyoga se prerita hokara rAjA dvArA maiM dI gaI, kintu jisane mujhe mana se bhI nahIM caahaa| 'yaha vahI ugra tapasvI, mahAtmA, jitendriya, saMyamI aura brahmacArI hai, jisane mujhe mere pitA rAjA kauzalika dvArA diye jAne para bhI nahIM cAhA / ___"yaha mahAn yazasvI hai / mahAn anubhAga (acintya-zakti) se sampanna hai / ghora vratI hai, ghora parAkramI hai / isakI avahelanA mata karo, yaha avahelanIya nahIM hai / kahIM yaha apane teja se tumheM bhasmasAt na kara ddaale|" somadeva purohita kI patnI bhadrA ke subhASita vacanoM ko suna kara yakSoM ne RSi kA vayAvRttya (paricaryA) karane ke lie kumAroM ko bhUmi para girA diyaa| ve ghora rUpa vAle yakSa AkAza meM sthira hokara una chAtroM ko mArane lge| unake zarIra ko kSata-vikSata aura unheM rudhira kA vamana karate dekha bhadrA phira kahane lagI___ "jo isa bhikSu kA apamAna kara rahe haiM, ve nakhoM se parvata ko khoda rahe haiM, dA~toM se lohe ko cabA rahe haiM, pairoM se agni ko pratAr3ita kara rahe haiM / "yaha maharSi AzIviSa-labdhi se sampanna hai| ugra tapasvI hai| ghora vratI aura ghora parAkramI hai| bhikSA ke samaya jo bhikSu kA vadha kara rahe haiM, ve pataMga-senA kI bhA~ti agni meM jhaMpApAta kara rahe haiN| ___"yadi tuma jIvana aura dhana cAhate ho to saba mila kara, sira jhukA kara isa muni kI zaraNa meM Ao / kupita hone para yaha samUce saMsAra ko bhasma kara sakatA hai|" una chAtroM ke sira pITha kI ora bhuka gae / bhujAeM phaila gii| ve niSkriya ho ge| unakI A~kha khulI kI khulI raha gii| unake mu~ha se rudhira nikalane lgaa| unake mu~ha UAra ko ho ge| unakI jIbha aura netra bAhira nikala aae| una chAtroM ko kATha kI taraha nizceSTa dekha kara vaha somadeva brAhmaNa udAsa aura ghabarAyA huA apanI patnI-sahita muni ke pAsa A unheM prasanna karane lagA "bhante ! hamane jo avahelanA aura nindA kI use kSamA kreN|" "bhante ! mUr3ha bAlakoM ne ajJAnavaza jo ApakI avahelanA kI, use Apa kSamA kreN| RSi mahAn prasannacitta hote haiM / muni kopa nahIM kiyA krte|" muni ne kahA- "mere mana meM pradveSa na pahale thA, na abhI hai aura na Age bhI hogaa| kintu yakSa merA vaiyAvRttya kara rahe haiM / isIlie ye kumAra pratAr3ita hue|"

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. 4 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __ (somadeva)-"artha aura dharma ko jAnane vAle bhUti-prajJa (maMgala-prajJA yukta) Apa kopa nahIM karate / isalie hama saba mila kara Apake caraNoM kI zaraNa le rahe haiN| . ___"mahAbhAga ! hama ApakI arcA karate haiN| ApakA kucha bhI aisA nahIM hai, jisakI hama arcA na kreN| Apa nAnA vyaMjanoM se yukta cAvala-niSpanna bhojana lekara khaaie| ___"mere yahA~ yaha pracura bhojana par3A hai| hameM anugRhIta karane ke lie Apa kucha khaaeN|" ___ mahAtmA harikezabala ne hA~ bhara lI aura eka mAsa kI tapasyA kA pAraNA karane ke lie bhakta-pAna liyaa| ___ devoM ne vahA~ sugandhita jala, puSpa aura divya-dhana kI varSA kii| AkAza se duMdubhi bajAI aura 'aho dAnaM' (AzcaryakArI dAna)- isa prakAra kA ghoSa kiyaa| yaha pratyakSa hI tapa kI mahimA dIkha rahI hai, jAti kI koI mahimA nahIM hai| jisakI Rddhi aisI mahAn (acintya zakti-sampanna) hai, vaha harikeza muni cANDAla kA putra hai| (2) nirgrantha jayaghoSa apane bhAI vijayaghoSa ke yajJa-maNDapa meM ge| yajJa-kartA ne vahA~ upasthita hue muni ko niSedha ko bhASA meM kahA--- "bhikSo ! tumheM bhikSA nahIM dUMgA aura kahIM yAcanA kro| "he bhikSo ! yaha sabake lie abhilaSita bhojana unhIM ko denA hai, jo vedoM ko jAnane vAle vipra haiM, yajJa ke lie jo dvija haiM, jo veda ke jyotiSa Adi chahoM aMgoM ko jAnane vAle haiM, jo dharmazAstroM ke pAragAmI haiM, jo apanA aura parAyA uddhAra karane meM samartha haiN|" ___ vaha uttama artha kI gaveSaNA karane vAlA mahAmuni vahA~ yajJa-kartA ke dvArA pratiSedha kie jAne para na ruSTa hI huA aura na tuSTa hii| ___ na anna ke lie, na jala ke lie aura na kisI jIvana-nirvAha ke sAdhana ke lie kintu unakI vimukti ke lie muni ne isa prakAra kahA __"tU veda ke mukha ko nahIM jAnatA hai, yajJa kA jo mukha hai use nahIM jAnatA hai, nakSatra kA jo mukha hai aura dharma kA jo mukha hai, use bhI nahIM jAnatA hai| jo apanA aura parAyA uddhAra karane meM samartha hai, use tU nahIM jaantaa| yadi tU jAnatA hai to batA" muni ke prazna kA uttara dene meM apane ko asamartha pAte hue dvija ne pariSad-sahita hAtha jor3a kara usa mahAmuni se pUchA- "tuma kaho vedoM kA mukha kyA hai ? yajJa kA jo 1-uttarAdhyayana, 12 // 5-37 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 55 mukha hai, vaha tumhIM batalAo / tuma kaho nakSatroM kA mukha kyA hai ? dharmoM kA mukha kyA hai, tumhIM btaao| ___"jo apanA aura parAyA uddhAra karane meM samartha haiM ( unake viSaya meM tumhIM kaho ) / he sAdha ! yaha mujhe sArA saMzaya haiM, tuma mere praznoM kA samAdhAna do|" ___ "vedoM kA mukha agnihotra hai, yajJoM kA mukha yajJArthI hai, nakSatroM kA mukha candramA hai aura dharmoM kA mukha kAzyapa RSabhadeva haiN|" ____ "jisa prakAra candramA ke sammukha gRha Adi hAtha jor3e hue, vaMdanA namaskAra karate hue aura vinIta bhAva se mana kA haraNa karate hue rahate haiM usI prakAra bhagavAn RSabha ke sammukha saba loga rahate the|" ___"jo yajJavAdI haiM, ve brAhmaNa kI sampadA se anabhijJa haiM / ve bAhara meM svAdhyAya aura tapasyA se usI prakAra DhaMke hue haiM, jisa prakAra agni rAkha se DhaMkI huI hotI hai| __ "jise kuzala puruSoM ne brAhmaNa kahA hai, jo agni kI bhA~ti sadA loka meM pUjita haiM, unheM hama kuzala puruSa dvArA kahA huA brAhmaNa kahate haiM / "jo Ane para Asakta nahIM hotA, jAne ke samaya zoka nahIM karatA, jo Arya-vacana meM ramaNa karatA hai, use hama brAhmaNa kahate hai / ____ "agni meM tapA kara zuddha kie hue aura ghise hue sone kI taraha jo vizuddha hai tathA rAga-dveSa aura bhaya se rahita hai / use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiN| ___ "jo trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM ko bhalI-bhA~ti jAna kara mana, vANI aura zarIra se unakI hiMsA nahIM karatA, use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiM / " .: "jo krodha, hAsya, lobha yA bhaya ke kAraNa asatya nahIM bolatA, use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiN| __ "jo sacitta yA acitta-koI bhI padArtha, thor3A yA adhika, kitanA hI kyoM na ho, usake adhikArI ke die binA nahIM letA, use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiM / ___ "jo deva, manuSya aura tiryaJca sambandhI maithuna kA mana, vacana aura zarIra se sevana nahIM karatA, use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiM / ___ "jisa prakAra jala meM utpanna huA kamala jala se lipta nahIM hotA, isI prakAra kAmabhoga ke vAtAvaraNa meM utpanna huA jo manuSya unase lipta nahIM hotA, use hama brAhmaNa . kahate haiN| __"jo lolupa nahIM hai, jo nirdoSa bhikSA se jIvana kA nirvAha karatA hai, jo gRhatyAgI haiM, jo akiMcana hai, jo gRhasthoM meM anAsakta hai, use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiN| ..

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___"jinake zikSA-pada, pazuoM ko bali ke lie yajJa ke khambhe meM bA~dhe jAne ke hetu banate haiM, ve saba veda aura pazu-bali Adi pApa-karma ke dvArA kie jAne vAle yajJa durAcArasampanna usa yajJakartA ko trANa nahIM dete, kyoMki karma balavAn hote haiN| "kevala sira-mUMDa lene se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA, 'om' kA japa karane mAtra se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, kevala araNya meM rahane se koI muni nahIM hotA aura kuza kA cIvara . pahanane mAtra se koI tApasa nahIM hotaa| ___ "samabhAva kI sAdhanA karane se zramaNa hotA hai, brahmacarya ke pAlana se brAhmaNa hotA hai, jJAna kI ArAdhanA-manana karane se muni hotA hai, tapa kA AcaraNa karane se tApasa hotA hai| "manuSya karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya hotA hai, karma se vaizya hotA hai aura karma se hI zUdra hotA hai| ____ "ina tattvoM ko arhat ne prakaTa kiyA hai| inake dvArA jo manuSya snAtaka hotA hai, jo saba karmoM se mukta hotA hai, use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiN| isa prakAra jo guNa-sampanna dvijottama hote haiM, ve hI apanA aura parAyA uddhAra karane meM samartha hai|" ___ isa prakAra saMzaya dUra hone para vijayaghoSa brAhmaNa ne jayaghoSa kI vANI ko bhalIbhA~ti samajhA aura santuSTa ho, hAtha jor3a kara usane mahAmuni jayaghoSa se isa prakAra kahA-- - "tumane mujhe yathArtha brAhmaNatva kA bahuta hI acchA artha samajhAyA hai / "tuma yajJoM ke yajJakartA ho, tuma vedoM ko jAnane vAle vidvAn ho, tuma veda ke jyotiSa Adi chahoM aMgoM ke vidvAn ho, tuma dharmoM ke pAragAmI ho| ___ "tuma apanA aura parAyA uddhAra karane meM samartha ho, isalie he bhikSu-zreSTha ! tuma hama para bhikSA lene kA anugraha kro|" (muni)-- "mujhe bhikSA se koI prayojana nahIM hai| he dvija ! tU turanta hI niSkramaNa kara-muni-jIvana ko svIkAra kara, jisase bhaya ke AvartoM se AkIrNa isa ghora saMsArasAgara meM tujhe cakkara lagAnA na pdd'e|"" zramaNa-saMskRti ke karmaNA-jAti ke siddhAnta ne vaidika-RSiyoM ko bhI prabhAvita kiyA aura mahAbhArata evaM purANa kAla meM karmaNA-jAti ke siddhAnta kA pratipAdana hone lgaa| mahAbhArata meM brAhmaNa ke lakSaNa isa prakAra batAe gae haiM "jo sadA apane sarva vyApI rUpa se sthita hone ke kAraNa akele hI sampUrNa AkAza meM paripUrNa-sA ho rahA hai tathA jo asaMga hone ke kAraNa logoM se bhare hue sthAna ko mI sUnA samajhatA hai, use hI devatA loga brAhmaNa (brahmajJAnI) mAnate haiN| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 25 // 6-38 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 57 "jo saba prakAra ko AsaktiyoM se chUTa kara muni vRtti se rahatA hai, AkAza kI bhA~ti nirlepa aura sthira hai, kisI bhI vastu ko apanI nahIM mAnatA, ekAkI vicaratA aura zAnta-bhAva se rahatA hai, use devatA brahmavettA mAnate haiM / ___ "jisakA jIvana dharma ke lie aura dharma bhagavAn zrIhari ke lie hotA hai, jisake dina aura rAta dharma-pAlana meM hI vyatIta hote haiM, use devatA brahmajJa mAnate haiN| ___ "jo kAmanAoM se rahita tathA saba prakAra ke AraMbhoM se rahita hai, namaskAra aura stuti se dUra rahatA tathA saba prakAra ke baMdhanoM se mukta hotA hai, use hI devatA brahmajJAnI mAnate haiN|" brahmapurANa ke anusAra zUdra brAhmaNa bana jAtA hai aura vaizya kSatriya ho jAtA hai / vajrasUcikopaniSad evaM bhaviSyapurANa meM bhI jAtivAda kI AlocanA milatI hai, kintu yaha dRSTikoNa vaidika-saMskRti kI AtmA meM paripUrNa rUpa se vyApta nahIM ho skaa| samatva kI bhAvanA va ahiMsA samatva zramaNa-paramparA kI ekatA kA maulika hetu hai / zramaNa zabda bahuta pracalita rahA hai, isIlie isa samatApradhAna saMskRti ko 'zramaNa-saMskRti' kahA jAtA hai| hamane bhI sthAna-sthAna para zramaNa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| kintu vAstavika dRSTi se isakA nAma 'samaga-saMskRti' hai| 'samaNa' zabda 'sama' zabda se vyutpanna haiM- "samamaNaI teNa so samaNo"-jo saba jIvoM ko tulya mAnatA hai, vaha 'samaNa' hai / 'jaise mujhe duHkha priya nahIM, usI prakAra saba jIvoM ko duHkha priya nahIM hai'-isa samatA kI dRSTi se jo kisI bhI prANI kA vadha na karatA hai, na karavAtA hai, vaha apanI samagati ke kAraNa 'samaNa' kahalAtA hai jaha mama na piyaM dukkhaM jANiya emeva savvajIvANaM / na haNai na haNAvei ya samamaNaI teNa so samaNo // 3 jisakA mana sama hotA hai, vaha samaNa hai| jisake lie koI bhI jIva na dveSI hotA .hai aura na priya, vaha apanI sama manaHsthiti ke kAraNa 'samaNa' kahalAtA hai-- . natthi ya si koi veso pio va samvesa ceva jiives| eeNa hoi samaNo eso anno'vi pajAo // 4 1-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 245 / 11-14, 22-24 / 2-brahmapurANa, 223 / 32 / 3--dazavakAlika niyukti, gAthA 154 / 4-vahI, gAthA 155 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ____ jo vibhinna vizeSatAoM kI dRSTi se sarpa, parvata, agni, samudra, AkAza, vRkSa, zramara, hariNa, bhUmi, kamala, sUrya aura pavana ke samAna hotA hai, vaha 'samaNa' hai| samaNa vaha hotA hai, jo svajana varga aura anya logoM meM tathA mAna aura apamAna meM sama hotA hai to samaNo jai sumaNo bhAveNa ya jai na hoi paavmnno| sayaNe ya jaNe ya samo samo ya mANAvamANesu // uragagirijalaNasAgaranahayalatarugaNasamo ya jo hoii|. bhamaramigadharaNijalaruharavipavaNasamo jo samaNo // ' isa samatva ke AdhAra para ho yaha kahA gayA ki sira muNDA lene mAtra se koI samaNa nahIM hotA, kintu samaNa samatA se hotA hai / 2 zramaNa zabda kA artha tapasvI bhI hotA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ke eka hI zloka meM samaNa aura tapasvI kA eka sAtha prayoga hai / yadi samaNa kA artha tapasvI ho hotA to samaNa aura tapasvI ina donoM kA eka sAtha prayoga Avazyaka nahIM hotaa| usI sUtra meM samaNa ke samabhAva kI vibhinna rUpoM meM vyAkhyA huI hai| viSamatA kA eka rUpa mada hai| isIlie kahA hai muni gotra, kula Adi kA mada na kareM, dUsaroM se ghRNA na kareM, kintu sama raheM / 4 jo dUsaroM kA tiraskAra karatA hai, vaha cirakAla taka saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA hai, isIlie muni mada na kare, kintu sama rahe / 5 cakravartI bhI dIkSita hone para pUrva-dIkSita apane sevaka ke.sevaka ko bhI vaMdanA karane meM saMkoca na kare, kintu samatA kA AcaraNa kare / 6 prajJA-sampanna muni krodha Adi kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta kare aura samatA-dharma kA nirUpaNa kare--'paNNasamatte sayA jae, samatAdhammamudAhare muNI' isa prakAra aneka sthaloM meM samaNa ke sAtha samatA kA sambandha jur3A huA hai| 1-dazavakAlika niyukti, gAthA 156-157 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 25 // 29-30 / 3-sUtrakRtAMga, 112 / 1 / 16 / 4-vahI, 1 / 2 / 2 / 1 / 5-vahI, 22 / 2 / 2 / 6-vahI, 112 / 2 / 3 / 7-vahI, 1 / 2 / 2 / 6 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 2 2-zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA aura usake hetu 56 bauddha-sAhitya meM samatA ko mahavattpUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| kintu samaNa zabda usase vyutpanna hai, aisA koI sthala hameM upalabdha nahIM huaa| phira bhI zramaNa zabda kI jo vyAkhyA hai, usase usakI samabhAvapUrNa sthiti kA hI bodha hotA hai / sabhiya parivrAjaka ke prazna para bhagavAn buddha ne kahA-- samitAvi pahAya puJjapApaM, virajo jatvA imaM paraM ca lokaM / jAtimaraNaM upAtivatto, samaNo tAdi pavuccate tathatA // 1 -jo puNya aura pApa ko dUra kara zAnta ho gayA hai, isa loka aura paraloka ko jAna kara raja-rahita ho gayA hai, jo janma ke pare ho gayA hai, sthira, sthitAtmA vaha 'zramaNa' kahalAtA hai| samaNa kA sambandha zama (upazama) se bhI hai| jo choTe-bar3e pApoM ko sarvathA zamana karane vAlA hai, vaha pApa ke zamita hone ke kAraNa zramaNa kahA jAtA hai / samatA ke AdhAra para hI bhikSu-saMgha meM saba vargoM ke manuSya dIkSita hote the / bhagavAn buddha ne zramaNa kI utpatti batalAte hue kahA thA "vAziSTha ! eka samaya thA jaba kSatriya bhI-'maiM zramaNa hoUMgA' (soca) apane dharma ko niMdate ghara se beghara ho pravrajita ho jAtA thaa| brAhmaNa bhii0| vaizya bhii0| zUdra bhI0 / "vAziSTha ! inhIM cAra maNDaloM se zramaNa-maNDala kI utpatti huI / unhIM prANiyoM kA dUsaroM kA nahIM, dharma se adharma nahIM / dharma hI manuSyoM meM zreSTha hai, isa janma meM bhI aura para-janma meM bhii|"3 .... uttarAdhyayana ke pramukha pAtroM meM cAroM vargoM se dIkSita muni the| nami rAjarSi, saMjaya, mRgAputra Adi kSatriya the| kapila, jayaghoSa, vijayaghoSa, bhRgu Adi brAhmaNa the / anAthI, samudrapAla Adi vaizya the / harikezabala, citrasaMbhUta Adi cANDAla the| . zramaNoM kI yaha samatA ahiMsA para AdhArita thii| isa prakAra samatA aura ahiMsAye donoM tattva saMmaNa (yA zramaNa) saMskRti ke mUla bIja the| 1-suttanipAta, 32 // 11 // 2-dhammapada, dhammaTTavagga 19 : yo ca sameti pApAni, aNuM thUlAni sbbso| samitattA hi pApAnaM, samaNo tti pavuccati // 3-dIghanikAya, 3 / 3, pR0 245 /

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prakaraNa : tIsarA zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSThabhUmi pahale do prakaraNoM meM hama zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA ke svataMtra astitva, unake vicArabheda aura zramaNa-paramparA kI ekatA ke hetubhUta sUtroM kA adhyayana kara cuke haiN| prastuta prakaraNa meM hama kucha aise tathyoM kA adhyayana kareMge, jo zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA ko vibhakta to karate haiM, kintu sarvathA nhiiN| ve zramaNoM kI ekasUtratA ke hetu to haiM, kintu sarvathA nhiiN| pahale prakaraNa meM nirdiSTa sAta hetu zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA ke vibhAjana meM tathA zramaNoM kI ekasUtratA meM jaise pUrNarUpeNa vyApta hai, vaise isa prakaraNa meM batAe jAne vAle hetu pUrNata: vyApta nahIM hai| phira bhI unake dvArA zramaNa tathA vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi ko samajhane meM prApta sahAyatA milatI hai, isalie unake viSaya meM carcA karanA Avazyaka hai aura saca to yaha hai ki unakI vizad carcA ke binA hama uttarAdhyayana ke hRdaya kA sparza bhI nahIM kara pAeMge / hamAre sAmane Alocya viSaya haiM 1-dAna 2-snAna 3-kartRvAda 4-AtmA paraloka 5-svarga aura naraka 6-nirvANa 1-dAna taittirIyAraNyaka' kA eka prasaMga hai ki eka bAra prAjApatya AruNI apane pitA prajApati ke pAsa gayA aura usane prajApati se pUchA ki maharSi loga mokSa-sAdhana ke viSaya meM kisa sAdhana ko parama batalAte haiM ? prajApati ne kahA (1) satya se pavana calatA hai, satya se sUrya prakAza karatA hai, satya vANI kI pratiSThA hai, satya meM sarva pratiSThita hai, isalie kucha RSi satya (satya vacana) ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| 1-tattirIyAraNyaka, 10 / 63, pR0 767-771 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 3 zramaNa aura vaidika paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi 61 (2) jo agni Adi devatA haiM, ve tapa se bane haiM / vAziSTha Adi maharSiyoM ne bhI tapa tapA aura devatva ko prApta kiyaa| hama loga bhI tapa ke dvArA zatruoM ko parAsta kara rahe haiM / tapa meM sarva pratiSThita haiM, isalie kucha RSi tapa ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| (3) dAnta puruSa dama se apane pApoM kA vinAza karate haiN| dama se brahmacArI svarga meM ge| dama jIvoM ke lie dUrgharSa-aparAjeya hai| dama meM sarva pratiSThita haiM, isalie kucha RSi dama ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| (4) zAnta puruSa zama ke dvArA ziva (maMgala puruSArtha) kA AcaraNa karate haiN| nArada Adi muni zama ke dvArA svarga meM gae / zama jIvoM ke lie durdharSa hai / zama meM sarva pratiSThita haiM isalie kucha RSi zama ko parama-mokSa sAdhana batalAte haiM / (5) dAna (gau, hiraNya Adi kA dAna) yajJa kI dakSiNA hone ke kAraNa zreSTha hai / loka meM bhI saba AdamI dAtA ke upajIvI hote haiM / dhana-dAna se yoddhA zatruoM ko parAsta karate haiN| dAna se dveSa karane vAle bhI mitra bana jAte haiN| dAna meM sarva pratiSThita haiM, isalie kucha RSi dAna ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| (6) dharma ( tAlAba, pyAU Adi banAne rUpa ) sarva prANIjAta kI pratiSThA (AdhAra) hai| loka meM bhI dhamiSTha puruSa ke pAsa janatA jAtI hai-dharma, adharma kA nirNaya letI hai| dharma se pApa kA vinAza hotA hai| dharma meM sarva pratiSThita haiM, isalie kucha RSi dharma ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| (7) prajanana (putrotpAdana) hI gRhastha kI pratiSThA hai| loka meM putra rUpI dhAge ko vistRta banAne vAlA apanA pitR-RNa cukA pAtA hai| putrotpAdana hI uRNa hone kA pramukha sAdhana hai / isalie kucha RSi prajanana ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| - (8) agnitraya' hI treyI-vidyA (veda-trayI) hai / vahI devatva prApti kA mArga hai / gArhapatya nAmaka agni RgvedAtmaka hai| vaha pRthvI-loka svarUpa aura rathantara sAmarUpa hai / dakSiNAgni se AhAra kA pAka hotA hai| vaha yajurvedAtmaka, antarikSa-loka rUpa aura vAmadevya sAmarUpa hai| AhvanIya agni sAmavedAtmaka svargaloka rUpa aura bRhat sAmarUpa hai, isalie kucha RSi agni ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| 1-vaidika koza, pR0 129 : vaidika-yajJa ke pramukha tIna agniyoM meM eka gArhapatya hai| atharvaveda (6 / 6 / 30) ke anusAra "yo'tithInAM sa AhavanIyo, yo vezmanisagArhapatya yasmin pacati sa dakSiNAgni' arthAt atithiyoM ke lie prayukta agni AhavanIya, gRha-yajJoM meM prayukta gArhapatya aura pakAne kA agni dakSiNAgni hai|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (8) agnihotra sAyaMkAla aura prAtaHkAla meM gharoM kA mUlya hai / agnihotra ke abhAva meM kSudhita agni gharoM ko jalA DAlatI hai isalie vaha gharoM kA mUlya hai| agni-hotra acchA yAjJa aura acchA honA hai| vaha yajJa-kratu' kA prArambha hai| svargaloka kI jyoti hai, isalie kucha RSi agnihotra ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| (10) yajJa devoM ko priya hai| devatA pUrvAnuSThita yajJa ke dvArA svarga ko prApta hue haiN| ve yajJa ke dvArA hI asuroM kA vinAza kara pAe haiN| jyotiSToma-yajJa. ke dvArA dveSa karane vAle zatru bhI mitra bana jAte haiN| yajJa meM sarva pratiSThita haiM, isalie kucha RSi yajJa ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| (11) mAnasika upAsanA hI prajApati ke pada kI prApti kA sAdhana hai| isIlie vaha citta-zuddhi kA kAraNa hai| mAnasika upAsanA se yukta ekAna mana se yogI loga atIta, anAgata aura vyavahRta vastuoM kA sAkSAtkAra karate haiN| mAnasika upAsanA se yukta ekAgna mana vAle vizvAmitra Adi RSiyoM ne saMkalpa-mAtra se prajA kA sRjana kiyA thaa| mAnasika AsanA meM sarva pratiSThita haiM isalie kucha RSi mAnasika upAsanA ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| (12) kucha manISI loga saMnyAsa ko parama mokSa-sAdhana batalAte haiN| yaha tirasaThaveM anuvAka kA varNana hai| bAsaThaveM anuvAka meM bhI ina bAraha parvAM kA nirUpaNahuA hai| unake bhASya meM AcArya sAyaNa ne kucha mahattvapUrNa sUcanAeM dI haiM-naiSThika brahmacArI 'dama' ko parama mAna usameM ramaNa karate haiN| AraNyaka muni vAnaprastha 'zama' ko parama mAna usameM ramaNa karate haiM / vApI, kUpa, tar3Aga Adi ke nirmANAtmaka dharma ko rAjA, maMtrI Adi parama mAnate haiN| kucha vedArthavAdI agni ko parama mAnate haiM / kucha vedArthavAdI agnihotra ko parama mAnate haiM / kucha vedArthavAdI yajJa ko parama mAnate haiM / saguNa brahmavAdI mAnasika upAsanA ko parama mAnate haiN| saMnyAsa hiraNyagarbha brahmA ke dvArA parama rUpa meM abhimata hai| bhASyakAra ne Age likhA hai ki brahmA pUrvokta matAnuyAyI logoM kI taraha 1-taittirIyAraNyaka, 10 / 63, sAyaNa bhAjya, pR0 770 : agnyAdheyamagnihotraM darzapUrNamAsAvAgrayaNaM cAturmAsyAni nirUDhapazubandhaH sautrAmaNIti sapta haviryajJAH / kratuzabdo yUpavatsu somayAgeSu rUDhaH / agniSTomo'tya gniSToma ukthyaH SoDazI vAjapeyo'tirAtroptoryAmazceti sapta somasaMsthAH kratavaH / teSAM sarveSAM yajJakratUnAM prArambhaka magnihotram /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 3 zramaNa aura vaidika paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi jIva nahIM hai| yadyapi hiraNyagarbha dehadhArI hai, phira bhI vaha paramAtmA, brahma khlaaegaa| kyoMki paramAtmA kA ziSya hone ke kAraNa vaha usI ke samAna jJAnI hai|' ye saba sAdhana vaidika nahIM haiM, kintu yaha AraNyaka-kAla meM pracalita sAdhanoM kA saMgraha hai / ina bAraha sAdhanoM meM AThavA~, nauvA~ aura dasavA~ bhASyakAra ke anusAra nizcita hI vaidika hai / chaThA laukika hai, pA~cavA~ aura sAtavA~ laukika bhI hai aura vaidika bhii| pahalA, dUsarA, tIsarA, cauthA aura gyArahavA~ AraNyaka sammata bhI hai aura zrAmaNika (zramaNoM kA) bhI hai| ina bAraha sAdhanoM meM saMnyAsa sabase utkRSTa hai| AcArya sAyaNa ne likhA hai ki pUrvokta satya se lekara mAnasa-upAsanA taka ke sAdhana tapa haiM, phira bhI saMnyAsa kI apekSA ve avara haiM--nikRSTa haiM / yahI bAta tirasaThaveM anuvAka meM kahI gaI hai-'tasmAnnyAsameSAM tapasAmatiriktamAhuH' / 5 AcArya sAyaNa ne likhA hai- "saMnyAsa parama puruSArtha kA antaraMga sAdhana hai| isalie vaha satya Adi tapoM se atyutkRSTa hai|" prajanana (sAtavA~), agni (AThavA~), agnihotra (nauvA~) aura yajJa (dasavA~) ye zramaNoM dvArA sammata nahIM haiM, isakI saMkSipta carcA hama pahale prakaraNa meM kara cuke haiM / saMnyAsa zramaNoM kA sarvotkRSTa sAdhana hai, yaha bhI batAyA jA cukA hai| 'ghara meM kAna rahe' yaha ghoSa vahIM ho sakatA hai, jahA~ saMnyAsa ko sarvocca sAdhana mAnA jaae| aba hama zeSa sAdhanoM para vicAra karanA caaheNge| chadma veSadhArI indra ne nami rAjarSi se kahA- "rAjarSe ! pahale tuma vipula yajJa karo, : zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAo, dAna do phira muni ho jaanaa|" 1-taittirIyAraNyaka, 10 // 62, sAyaNa bhAjya, pR0 766 : sa ca brahmA paro hi paramAtmarUpe hi / na tu pUvoktamatAnusAriNa iva jIvaH / yadyapyasau hiraNyagarbho dehadhArI tathApi paro hi paramAtmaiva brahmA hiraNyagarbha iti vaktuM zakyate, tacchiNyatvena tatsamAnajJAnatvAt / 2-dekhiye cauthA prakaraNa 'Atma-vidyA kSatriyoM kI dena' zIrSaka / 3-taittirIyAraNyaka, 10.62, pR0 766 / 4-vahI, 10 / 62, pR0 766 : yAni pUrvoktasatyAdIni mAnasAntani tAnyetAni tapAMsi bhavantyenva tathApi saMnyAsamapekSyAvarANi nikRSTAni / 5-vahI, 10 / 63, pR0 774 / 6-vahI, 10 // 63, pR0 774 : yasmAt paramapuruSArthasyAntaraMga sAdhanaM tasmAdeSAM satyAdInAM tapasAM madhye saMnyAsa matirikta matyutkRSTaM sAdhanaM manISiNa aahuH|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nami rAjarSi ne isake uttara meM kahA-"jo manuSya pratimAsa dasa lAkha gAe~ detA hai, usake lie bhI saMyama hI zreya hai, bhale phira vaha kucha bhI na de|"1 indra ne tIna bAteM kahIM aura rAjarSi ne unameM se sirpha eka hI bAta (dAna) kA uttara diyaa| zeSa do bAtoM kA uttara usI meM samAhita kara diyaa| unakI dhvani yaha hai--"jo manuSya pratidina yajJa karatA hai, usake lie bhI saMyama zreya hai, bhale phira vaha kabhI yajJa na kre| isI prakAra jo manuSya pratidina zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAtA hai, usake lie saMyama hI zreya hai, bhale phira vaha zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko kabhI bhojana na kraae| ina tInoM prasaMgoM kA phalita yahI hai ki saMyama sarvotkRSTa hai| ___ yajJa sabhI zramaNa-saMghoM ke lie iSTa nahIM rahA hai| gAyoM va svarNa Adi kA dAna bhI unameM parama mokSa-sAdhana ke rUpa meM svIkRta nahIM rahA hai| nirgrantha zramaNoM ne to usa para tIvra prahAra kiyA thaa| ____ "brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAne para ve raurava (naraka) meM le jAte haiM"3-bhRgu putroM ne yaha jo kahA usakA tAtparya brAhmaNoM kI nindA karanA nahIM, kintu usa siddhAnta kI tIkhI samAlocanA karanA hai jo janmanA jAti ke AdhAra para vikasita huA thaa| jaina-sAhitya meM ukta dAna aura dharma eka dAna zabda ke dvArA hI nirUpita haiN| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA hai 4 -"jo dAna kI prazaMsA karatA hai, vaha prANiyoM kA vadha cAhatA hai aura jo usakA niSedha karatA hai, vaha dAna ko prApta karane vAloM kI vRtti kA cheda karatA hai|" isalie mumukSu ko 'puNya hai' aura 'nahIM hai'-ina donoM se baca kara madhyastha bhAva kA Alambana lenA caahie| vRttikAra ne likhA hai-rAjA yA anya koI Izvara, vyakti kUpa, tar3Aga, dAna-zAlA Adi karAnA cAhe aura mumukSu se pUche-isa kArya meM mujhe puNya hogA yA nahIM ? taba mumukSu muni mauna rakhe, kintu 'puNya hogA yA nahIM hogA' aisA na khe| upayukta samajhe to utanA-sA kahe ki yaha mere adhikAra se pare kI bAta hai|5 'rAjA yA anya koI Izvara vyakti kUpa, tar3Aga, dAnazAlA Adi banAnA cAhe' 1-uttarAdhyayana, 9 / 38-40 / 2-(ka) harivaMza purANa, 60 / 13-14 : (kha) amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 8146,9 / 54-55 / 3-uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 12 / 4-sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 11 / 20-21 / 5-sUtrakRtAMga, 11020-21 vRtti : asti nAsti vA puNyamityevaM 'te' mumukSavaH sAdhavaH punarna bhASante / kintu pRSTaH sadbhirmonaM meva samAzrayaNIyam / evaM vidha viSaye mumukSUNAmadhikAra eva nAsti /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 3 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi zIlAMka sUri kA yaha pratipAdana, 'vApI, kUpa, taDAga Adi nirmANa ko rAjA, amAtya Adi prabhu-varga uttama mokSa-hetu mAnatA hai -AcArya sAyaNa ke isa ullekha se bahuta sambandhita hai / yaha dharma bhI nirgranthoM ko parama mokSa-sAdhana ke rUpa meM mAnya nahIM rahA, isIlie bhRguputroM ne kahA thA ki dhana aura dharma kA koI sambandha nahIM hai-'dhaNeNa kiM dhammadhurAhigAre?'2 (1) satya, (2) tapa, (3) dama, (4) zama aura (5) mAnasa-upAsanA-ye pA~coM sAdhana zramaNa-paramparA meM svIkRta haiM, kintu saba zramaNa-saMghoM meM samAna rUpa se svIkRta haiM, yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / nirgrantha-zramaNa satya ko mokSa kA sAdhana mAnate haiM, kintu satya hI parama mokSa-sAdhana hai, aisA ekAntika-pakSa unheM mAnya nahIM hai| tapa ko bhI ve mokSa kA sAdhana mAnate haiM, kintu anazana se utkRSTa tapa nahIM haiM yA tapa hI parama mokSa-sAdhana hai, aisA ve nahIM maante| unake abhimata meM tapa ke 12 prakAra haiM / anazana bAhya-tapa hai, dhyAna antaraMga-tapa hai / vaha anazana se utkRSTa hai / / ___ isI prakAra dam, zama aura mAnasa-upAsanA bhI ekAntika rUpa se mAnya nahIM haiM, kintu ve samudita rUpa se mAnya haiN| inakA vizada vivecana 'sAdhanA-paddhati' (sAtaveM prakaraNa) meM dekheN| 2-snAna nimrantha-zramaNa snAna ko Atma-zuddhi kA sAdhana nahIM mAnate / bauddha-zramaNoM kA abhimata bhI yahI rahA hai| usa samaya sundarika bhAradvAja brAhmaNa ne bhagavAn se yaha kahA-- "kyA Apa gautama ! snAna ke lie bAhukA nadI caleMge ?" .. "brAhmaNa ! bAhukA nadI se kyA (lenA) hai ? bAhukA nadI kyA karegI ?" "he gautama ! bAhukA nadI lokamAnya ( =loka sammata ) hai, bAhukA nadI bahuta janoM dvArA pavitra ( =puNya ) mAnI jAtI hai| bahuta se loga bAhukA nadI meM ( apane ) kie pApoM ko bahAte haiN|" 1-taittirIyAraNyaka, 10 / 62, sAyaNa bhAjya, pR0 765: . smRtipurANapratipAdyo vApIkUpataDAgAdi nirmANarUpotra dharmo vivakSitaH / sa evottamo mokSaheturiti rAjAmAtyAdayaH prabhavo manyante / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 17 / 3-taittirIyAraNyaka, 10 / 62, pR0 765 : tapo nAnazanAt param / 4-uttarAdhyayana, 3 // 30 //

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___ taba bhagavAn ne sundarika bhAradvAja brAhmaNa ko gAthAoM meM kahA "bAhukA, avikakka, gayA aura sundarikA meM, sarasvatI aura prayAga tathA bAhumatI nadI meM, kAle karmoM vAlA mUDha cAhe nitya nahAe, ( kintu ) zuddha nahIM hogaa| kyA karegI sundarikA, kyA prayAga aura kyA bAhulikA nadI? "(vaha) pApakarmI =kRtakilviSa duSTa nara ko nahIM zuddha kara skte| zuddha ( nara ) ke lie sadA hI phalgU hai, zuddha ke lie sadA hI uposatha hai| zuddha aura zucikarmA ke vrata sadA hI pUre hote rahate haiN| "brAhmaNa ! yahIM nahA, sAre prANiyoM kA kSema kara / yadi tU jhUTha nahIM bolatA, yadi prANa nahIM mAratA, yadi binA diyA nahIM letA, ( aura ) zraddhAvAn matsara-rahita hai| (to) gayA jAkara kyA karegA, kSudra jalAzaya ( =udapAna ) bhI tere lie gayA hai|' dharmakIrti kA prasiddha zloka hai vedaprAmANyaM kasyacit kartRvAdaH, snAne dharmecchA jaativaadaavlepH| . saMtApArambhaH pApahAnAya ceti, dhvastaprajJAnAM paMcaliMgAni jADye // nimrantha harikezabala ne brAhmaNoM se kahA- "jala se Atma-zuddhi nahIM hotii|"2 taba unake mana meM jijJAsA utpanna huI aura unhoMne harikezabala se pUchA-"ApakA nada (jalAzaya) kauna sA hai ? ApakA zAnti-tIrtha kauna sA hai ? Apa kahA~ nahA kara karma-raja dhote haiM ? he yajJapUjita saMyate ! hama Apase jAnanA cAhate haiM, Apa btaaie|" usa samaya nirgrantha harikezabala ne unheM Atma-zuddhi ke snAna kA upadeza diyaa| unhoMne kahA- "akaluSita evaM AtmA kA prasanna-lezyA vAlA dharma merA nada (jalAzaya) hai / brahmacarya merA zAnti-tIrtha hai, jahA~ nahA kara maiM vimala, vizuddha aura suzItala hokara karma-rajoM kA tyAga karatA huuN| yaha snAna kuzala-puruSoM dvArA dRSTa hai / yaha mahAsnAna hai| ataH RSiyoM ke lie prazasta hai / isa dharma-nada meM nahAe hue maharSi vimala aura vizuddha hokara uttama-artha ( mukti ) ko prApta hue haiN|" isa prakAra bauddha aura nimrantha snAna se Atma-zuci nahIM maante| kintu kucha zramaNa snAna ko Atma-zuddhi kA sAdhana mAnate the| ekadaNDI aura tridaNDI parivrAjaka snAnazIla 1-majjhimanikAya, 2017 pR0 26 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 12 // 38 / 3-vahI, 12 / 45 / 4-vahI, 12346-451 //

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 3 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi 67 aura zucivAdI the|' tridaNDI parivrAjaka zramaNa the-yaha nizItha bhASya kI cUNi meM ullikhita hai / sUtrakRtAMga (1 / 1 / 3 / 8) kI vRtti se bhI unake zramaNa hone kI puSTi hotI hai| mUlAcAra meM bhI tApasa, parivrAjaka, ekadaNDI, tridaNDI Adi ko 'zramaNa' kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki 'snAna Atma-zuddhi kA sAdhana nahIM'-isa viSaya meM saba zramaNa-saMgha eka mata nahIM the| 3-kartRvAda jaina aura bauddha jagat ko kisI sarvazaktisampanna sattA ke dvArA nirmita nahIM mAnate / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA- "jo loga jagat ko kRta batalAte haiM, ve tattva ko nahIM jAnate / yaha jagat avinAzI hai--pahale thA, hai aura hogaa|"4 bauddha-siddhAnta meM kisI mUla kAraNa kI vyavasthA nahIM hai| bauddha nahIM mAnate ki Izvara, mahAdeva yA vAsudeva, puruSa, pradhAnAdika kisI eka kAraNa se sarva jagat kI pravRtti hotI hai| yadi bhAvoM kI utpatti eka kAraNa se hotI to sarva jagat kI utpatti yugapat hotI, kintu hama dekhate haiM ki bhAvoM kA krama saMbhava hai|" kucha zramaNa jagat ko aNDakRta mAnate the| unake abhimatAnusAra jaba yaha jagat padArtha zUnya thA taba brahmA ne jala meM eka aNDA utpanna kiyaa| vaha aNDA bar3hate-bar3hate jaba phaTa gayA taba Urdhvaloka aura adholoka ye do bhAga ho ge| unameM saba prajA utpanna huii| isa prakAra pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza Adi kI utpatti huI-- mAhaNA samaNA ege, Aha aMDakaDe jge| aso tatta makAsI ya, ayANaMtA musaM vade // 6 vRttikAra ke anusAra tridaNDI Adi zramaNa aisA mAnate the / 1-mUlAcAra, paMcAcArAdhikAra, 62, vRtti : __parihattA-parivrAjakA ekadaNDItridaNDyAdayaH snAnazIlAH zucivAdinaH / 2-nizItha sUtra, bhAga 2, pR0 2,3,332 / 3-mUlAcAra, paMcAcArAdhikAra, 62 / 4-sUtrakRtAMga, 1313339 / 5-bauddha dharma darzana, pR0 223 / 6-sUtrakRtAMga, 111 / 3 / 8 / 7-vahI, 131 // 3 // 8, vRtti : zramaNA:-tridaNDiprabhRtaya eke kecana paurANikAH na sarve / -

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 4-AtmA aura paraloka 'AtmA' zabda Rgveda-kAla (1. 115. 1; 10.107.7) se hI pracalita rahA hai| kintu isake artha kA kramazaH vikAsa huA hai aura taba anta meM upaniSadoM meM yaha brahma ke samakakSa parama sattva ke rUpa meM vyAkhyAta huA hai| udAharaNArtha bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (1 / 1,1) meM isakA artha 'zarIra' hai, vahIM (312,13) para yaha vaiyaktika AtmA ko udRiSTa karatA hai phira parama tattva ke artha meM to yaha prAyaH AtA rahA hai|' ___ e0 e0 maikaDonala ne likhA hai- "aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki agni athavA 'zavagarta' (kabra) kevala mRta zarIra ko ho vinaSTa karate haiM, kyoMki mRta vyakti ke vAstavika vyaktitva ko anazvara hI mAnA gayA hai| yaha vaidika-dhAraNA usa purAtana vizvAsa para AdhArita hai ki AtmA meM zarIra se apane ko acetanAvasthA taka meM alaga kara lene kI zakti hotI hai aura vyakti kI mRtyu ke bAda bhI AtmA kA astitva banA rahatA hai| isIlie eka sampUrNa sUkta (10, 58) meM pratyakSataH mRtavat par3e supta vyakti kI AtmA (manas) se, bAhara bhramaNa kara rahe sthAnoM se punaH zarIra meM lauTa Ane kI stuti kI gaI hai / bAda meM vikasita punarjanma ke siddhAnta kA vedoM meM koI saMketa nahIM milatA, kintu eka brAhmaNa meM yaha ukti milatI hai ki jo loga vidhivat saMskArAdi nahIM karate, ve mRtyu ke bAda punaH janma lete haiM aura bAra-bAra mRtyu kA grAsa banate rahate haiM (zatapatha brAhmaNa, 10, 4,3) / "2 upaniSadoM se pUrvavartI vaidika-sAhitya meM AtmA aura paraloka ke viSaya meM bahuta vizada carcA nahIM hai| nirgrantha Adi zramaNa-saMgha AtmA ko trikAlavartI mAnate the| punarjanma ke viSaya meM bhI unakI dhAraNA bahuta spaSTa thii.| bhRgu purohita ne apane putroM se kahA-"putro ! jisa prakAra araNI meM avidyamAna agni utpanna hotI hai, dUdha meM ghI aura tiloM meM taila paidA hotA hai, usI prakAra zarIra meM jIva utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa ho jAte haiN| zarIra kA nAza ho jAne para unakA astitva nahIM rhtaa|"3 taba putra bole-"pitA ! AtmA amUrta hai, isalie yaha indriyoM ke dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sakatA / yaha amUrta hai, isalie nitya hai| yaha nizcaya hai ki AtmA ke Antarika doSa hI usake bandhana ke hetu haiM aura bandhana hI saMsAra kA hetu hai-aisA kahA hai|"4 1-vaidika koza, pR0 36 / 2-vaidika mAitholaoNjI (hindI anuvAda), pR0 316 / 3-uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 18 / 4-vahI, 14 / 19 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 3 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi ___ kahA hai : "bahuta sAre kAmAsakta loga paraloka ko nahIM mAnate the| ve kahate the'paraloka to hamane dekhA nahIM, yaha rati ( Ananda ) to cakSu-dRSTa hai-A~khoM ke sAmane hai| ye kAma-bhoga hAtha meM Ae hue haiN| bhaviSya meM hone vAle saMdigdha haiN| kauna jAnatA hai-paraloka hai yA nahIM? hama loka-samudAya ke sAtha rheNge|' aisA mAna kara bAla-manuSya dhRSTa bana jAtA hai| vaha kAma-bhoga ke anurAga se kleza pAtA hai| _ "phira vaha trasa tathA sthAvara jIvoM ke prati daNDa kA prayoga karatA hai aura prayojanavaza athavA binA prayojana hI prANI-samUha kI hiMsA karatA hai / hiMsA karane vAlA, jhUTha bolane vAlA, chala-kapaTa karane vAlA, cugalI khAne vAlA, veza-parivartana kara apane Apako dUsare rUpa meM prakaTa karane vAlA ajJAnI manuSya madya aura mAMsa kA bhoga karatA hai aura yaha zreya hai-aisA mAnatA hai| __ "vaha zarIra aura vANI se matta hotA hai, dhana aura striyoM meM gRddha hotA hai / vaha rAga aura dveSa--donoM se usI prakAra karma-mala kA saMcaya karatA hai, jaise zizunAga (alasa yA keMcuA) mukha aura zarIra donoM se miTTI kaa|'' ye loga sambhavata: bhautikavAdI yA sukhavAdI vicAradhArA athavA saMjayavelaTThiputta ke saMdehavAdI dRSTikoNa se prabhAvita the| kucha zramaNa bhI AtmA aura paraloka kA astitva nahIM mAnate the| ajAtazatru ne bhagavAn buddha se kahA- "bhante ! eka dina maiM jahA~ ajitakezakambala thA vahA~ 0 / eka ora baiTha kara0 yaha kahA-'he ajita ! jisa taraha 0 / he ajita 0 / usI taraha kyA zramaNa bhAva ke pAlana karate 0?' - "aisA kahane para bhante ! ajitakezakambala ne yaha uttara diyA-'mahArAja ! na dAna hai, na yajJa hai, na homa hai, na puNya yA pApa kA acchA burA phala hotA hai, na yaha loka hai, na paraloka hai, na mAtA hai, na pitA hai, na Ayonija (=aupapAtika, deva ) satva haiM aura na isa loka meM vaise jJAnI aura samartha zramaNa yA brAhmaNa haiM jo isa loka aura paraloka ko svayaM jAna kara yA sAkSAt kara (kucha) kheNge| manuSya cAra mahAbhUtoM se mila kara banA hai / manuSya jaba maratA hai taba pRthvI, mahApRthvI meM lIna ho jAtI hai, jala0, teja0, vAyu0 aura indriyA~ AkAza meM lIna ho jAtI haiM / manuSya loga mare hue ko khATa para rakha kara le jAte haiM, usakI nindA, prazaMsA karate haiN| haDDiyA~ kabUtara kI taraha ujalI ho (bikhara) jAtI haiM aura saba kucha bhasma ho jAtA hai| mUrkha loga jo dAna dete haiM, usakA koI phala nahIM hotaa| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 5 / 5-10 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AstikavAda ( =AtmA ) jhUThA hai / mUrkha aura paNDita sabhI zarIra ke naSTa hote hI uccheda ko prApta ho jAte haiM / marane ke bAda koI nahIM rahatA' / " saMjayavelaTTiputta bhI paraloka ke viSaya meM koI nizcita mata nahIM rakhate the| usI baiThaka meM ajAtazatru ne bhagavAn buddha se kahA thA "bhante ! eka dina maiM jahA~ saMjayavelaTThiputta0 |-shraamnny ke pAlana karane0 ? "aisA kahane para bhante ! saMjayavelaTThiputta ne uttara diyA-'mahArAja ! yadi Apa pUrcha, kyA paraloka hai ? aura yadi maiM sama ki paraloka hai, to Apako batalAU~ ki paraloka hai / maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM vaisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM dUsarI taraha se bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM yaha bhI nahIM kahatA ki yaha nahIM hai, paraloka nahIM hai |...ayonij prANI nahIM haiM, haiM bhI aura nahIM bhI, na haiM aura na nahIM haiM / acche bure kAma ke phala haiM, nahIM haiM, haiM bhI aura nahIM bhI, na haiM aura na nahIM haiM ? 0 tathAgata marane ke bAda hote haiM, nahIM hote haiM? yadi mujhe aisA pUche aura maiM aisA samajhU ki marane ke bAda tathAgata na rahate haiM aura na nahIM rahate haiM, to maiM aisA Apako khuuN| maiM aisA bhI nahIM kahatA, maiM vaisA bhI nahIM khtaa0'|"2 ___yaha bahuta Azcarya kI bAta hai ki mahAtmA buddha paralokavAdI hote hue bhI anAtmavAdI the| bauddhoM ke anusAra AtmA prajJaptimAtra hai| jisa prakAra 'ratha' nAma kA koI svataMtra padArtha nahIM hai, vaha zabdamAtra hai, paramArtha meM aMga-saMbhAra hai, usI prakAra AtmA, jIva, sattva, nAma rUpamAtra (skandha-paMcaka) hai| yaha koI avipariNAmI zAzvata padArtha nahIM hai| bauddha anIzvaravAdI aura anAtmavAdI haiN| ve sarvAstivAdI, sasvabhAvavAdI tathA bahudharmavAdI haiM, kintu ve koI zAzvata padArtha nahIM maante| unakI mAnyatA meM dravya sat haiM, kintu kSaNika haiN| mahAtmA buddha ne kahA thA "bhikSuo ! yadi koI kahe ki maiM taba taka bhagavAn ( buddha ) ke upadeza ke anusAra nahIM calU~gA, jaba taka ki bhagavAn mujhe yaha na batA deMge ki saMsAra zAzvata hai vA azAzvata ; saMsAra sAnta hai vA ananta ; jIva vahI hai jo zarIra meM hai vA jIva dUsarA hai, zarIra dUsarA hai ; mRtyu ke bAda tathAgata rahate haiM vA mRtyu ke bAda tathAgata nahIM rahate-to bhikSuo, yaha bAteM to tathAgata ke dvArA be-kahI hI raheMgI aura vaha manuSya yoM ho mara jaaegaa| 1-dIghanikAya, 12, pR0 20-21 / . 2-vahI, 112, pR0 22 / 3-bauddha dharma darzana, pR0 223 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 3 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi 71 ___ "bhikSuo, jaise kisI AdamI ke jahara meM bujhA huA tIra lagA ho| usake mitra, ristedAra use tIra nikAlane vAle vaidya ke pAsa le jaaveN| lekina vaha kahe- 'maiM taba taka yaha tIra nahIM nikalavAU~gA, jaba taka yaha na jAna leM ki jisa AdamI ne mujhe yaha tIra mArA hai vaha kSatriya hai, brAhmaNa hai, vaizya hai vA zUdra hai' ; athavA vaha kahe-'maiM taba taka yaha tIra nahIM nikalavAU~gA, jaba taka yaha na jAna lU~ ki jisa AdamI ne mujhe yaha tIra mArA hai, usakA amuka nAma hai, amuka gotra hai'; athavA vaha kahe- 'maiM taba taka yaha tIra nahIM nikalavAU~gA, jaba taka yaha na jAna lU~ ki jisa AdamI ne mujhe yaha tIra mArA hai, vaha lambA hai, choTA hai, vA majhale kada kA hai' ; to he bhikSuo, usa AdamI ko ina bAtoM kA patA lagegA hI nahIM, aura vaha yoM hI mara jaaegaa| ___ "bhikSuo, 'saMsAra zAzvata haiM'-aisA mata rahane para bhI, 'saMsAra azAzvata haiM'-aisA mata rahane para bhI, 'saMsAra sAnta hai'- aisA mata rahane para bhI, 'saMsAra ananta hai'-aisA mata rahane para bhI 'jIva vahI hai jo zarIra hai'- aisA mata rahane para bhI, 'jIva dUsarA hai, zarIra dUsarA hai'-aisA mata rahane para bhI 'janma, bur3hApA, mRtyu, zoka, ronA-pITanA, pIr3ita honA, cintita honA, parezAna honA to (hara hAlata meM) hai hI aura maiM isI janma meM-- jIte jI-inhIM sabake nAza kA upadeza detA huuN|"1 __ bhagavAna mahAvIra AtmA aura paraloka, pUrvajanma aura punarjanma ke prabala samarthaka the| unakA yuga Atma-vidyA aura paraloka-vidyA kI jijJAsAoM kA yuga thaa| usa samaya 'AtmA hai yA nahIM' ?, 'paraloka hai yA nahIM ?, 'jina yA tathAgata hoMge yA nahIM' ?-aise prazna pUche jAte the| kucha alpamati zramaNa ina praznoM ke jAla meM ulajha bhI jAte the| isIlie bhagavAn mahAvIra ne usa mAnasika ulajhana ko 'darzana parISaha' khaa| unhoMne batAyA-'nizcaya ho paraloka nahIM hai, tapasvI kI Rddhi bhI nahIM hai athavA maiM ThagA gayA hU~'-bhikSu aisA cintana na kre| "jina hue the, jina haiM aura jina hoMge-aisA jo kahate haiM, ve jhUTha bolate haiM'-bhikSu aisA cintana na kare / uttarAdhyayana meM 'paraloka' zabda kA pA~ca bAra (5 / 11; 1962; 22 / 16; 26 / 50; 34 / 60 ) tathA 'pUrva-janma kI smRti (=jAti-smRti ) kA tIna bAra (6 / 1,2; 14 / 5; 197,8) ullekha huA hai / prakArAntara se ye viSaya bahuta bAra carcita hue haiN| 5-svarga aura naraka ___ svarga aura naraka kI carcA vaidika-sAhitya meM bhI rahI hai| e0 e0 maikaDonala ne likhA hai 1-saMyuttanikAya, 2115 ; buddha vacana, pR0 22-23 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 2044-45 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___ "yadyapi paraloka-jIvana ke sarvAdhika spaSTa aura pramukha sandarbha Rgveda ke navama aura dazama maNDala meM milate haiM, tathApi kabhI-kabhI isakA prathama meM bhI ullekha hai| jo kaThina tapasyA (tapasa) karate haiM, jo yuddha meM apane jIvana kA moha tyAga dete haiM (10, 1542.5 athavA inase bhI adhika, jo pracura dakSiNA dete haiM, ( vahI, 3; 1, 1255; 10, 1072) unheM hI puraskAra svarUpa svarga prApta hotA hai / atharvaveda, isa antima prakAra . ke logoM ko prApta hone vAle puNya-phaloM ke vivaraNa se bharA hai| "svarga meM pahu~ca kara mRta vyakti aisA sukhakara jIvana vyatIta karate haiM (10, 14. 1514. 162.5), jisameM sabhI kAmanAe~ tRpta rahatI haiM (9. 1139.11), aura jo devoM ke bIca (10 1414) pramukhataH yama aura varuNa, ina do rAjAoM kI upasthiti meM vyatIta hotA hai (10.147) / yahA~ vaha jarAvasthA se sarvathA mukta hote haiM (10, 2721) / tejasvI zarIra se yukta hokara vaha devoM ke priyapAtra bana jAte haiM ( 10, 146. 165: 561) / yahA~ vaha pitA, mAtA aura putroM ko dekhate haiM ( atharvaveda 6. 1203 ) aura apanI patniyoM tathA santAna se punaH mila jAte haiM ( atharvaveda 12, 317 ) / yahA~ kA jIvana apUrNatAoM aura zArIrika kaSToM se sarvathA mukta hotA hai ( 10, 14. ; atharvaveda 6, 1203), vyAdhiyA~ pIche chUTa jAtI haiM aura hAtha-paira lUle yA laMgar3e nahIM hote ( atharvaveda 3, 285 ) / atharvaveda aura zatapatha brAhmaga meM aksara yaha kahA gayA hai ki paraloka meM mRta vyakti zarIra tathA anya avayavoM kI dRSTi se sampUrNa hotA hai| "Rgveda meM mRtakoM ke Anandaprada jIvana ko 'madanti' athavA 'mAdayante' jaise sAmAnya Azaya ke zabdoM se vyakta kiyA gayA hai (10, 1410. 1514, ityAdi) / svargaloka ke Anandaprada jIvana kA sarvAdhika vistRta vivaraNa Rgveda (9, 1137.11 ) meM milatA hai| vahA~ cirantana prakAza aura tIvragati se pravAhita hone vAle aise jala haiM, jinakI gati nirbAdha hotI hai (tu0 kI0 taittirIya brAhmaNa 3, 12, 29); vahA~ puSTikara bhojana aura tRpti hai ; vahA~ Ananda, sukha, AhlAda, aura sabhI kAmanAoM kI santuSTi hai / yahA~ anizcita rUpa se varNita Ananda kI, bAda meM prema ke rUpa meM vyAkhyA kI gaI hai ( taittirIya brAhmaNa 2, 4, 66; tu0kI0 zatapatha brAhmaNa 10, 4, 44) aura atharvaveda (4.342) yaha vyakta karatA hai ki svargaloka meM laiMgika saMtuSTi ke pracura sAdhana upalabdha haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa ke anusAra vahA~ pahu~cane vAle bhAgyazAliyoM ko prApta sukha pRthvI ke zreSThatama vyaktiyoM kI apekSA sau gune adhika haiM ( 14, 7, 1323 ) / Rgveda bhI yaha kahatA hai ki bhAgyazAliyoM ke svarga meM vINA kA svara aura saMgIta sunAI par3atA rahatA hai (10, 1350); vahA~ ke logoM ke lie soma, ghRta aura madhu pravAhita hotA rahatA hai (10, 1541) / vahA~ ghRta se bhare sarovara tathA dugdha, madhu aura madirA kI nadiyA~ bahatI haiM ( atharvaveda 4,

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 3 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSThabhUmi A pakI paSTha-bhami 73 34, 506 ; zatapatha brAhmaNa 11, 5, 64) / vahA~ ujjvala, vividha raMgoM vAlI gAyeM haiM jo sabhI kAmanAoM ko pUrNa karatI haiM ( kAmadudhA:-atharvaveda 4 / 348 ) / vahA~ na to nirdhana haiM aura na dhanavAn, na zaktizAlI haiM na zoSita (atharvaveda 3, 263) / "1 __"Rgveda ke racayitAoM ke vicAra se yadi puNyAtmA loga paraloka meM apanA puraskAra prApta karate haiM, to duSToM ke lie bhI paraloka meM daNDa milane kA na sahI, kintu kama se kama kisI na kisI prakAra ke AvAsa kI kalpanA kara lenA bhI, jaisA ki 'avestA' meM hai, svAbhAvika hI hai / jahA~ taka atharvaveda aura kaTha upaniSad kA sambandha hai, inameM naraka kI kalpanA nizcita rUpa se milatI hai| atharvaveda (2,143: 5, 163) yama ke kSetra (12-426) 'svarga-loka' ke viparIta, 'nAraka-loka' nAmaka rAkSasiyoM aura abhicAriNiyoM ke AvAsa ke rUpa meM eka adho-gRha ( pAtAla-loka ) kI carcA karatA hai| hatyAre loga isI naraka meM bheje jAte haiM (vAjasaneyi saMhitA 30,5) / ise atharvaveda meM aneka bAra 'adhama andhakAra' (8,224 ityAdi),aura sAtha hI sAtha, 'kAlA andhakAra' (5,3011) aura 'andha andhakAra' (18, 33) kahA gayA hai / nArakIya yAtanAoM kA bhI eka bAra hI atharvaveda (5, 19) meM aura apekSAkRta adhika vistRta rUpa se zatapatha brAhmaNa (11, 6, 1) meM varNana kiyA gayA hai ; kyoMki paraloka ke daNDa kI dhAraNA apane spaSTa rUpa meM brAhmaNa-kAla aura usake bAda se hI vikasita huI hai|"2 __ uttarAdhyayana meM 'deva' zabda kA prayoga ikatIsa bAra huA hai / cAra bAra 'devaloka' (devaloga yA devaloya) kA prayoga huA hai / 4 ___ usameM tIsare adhyayana meM batAyA gayA hai- "karma ke hetu ko dUra kara / kSamA se yaza ( saMyama ) kA saMcaya kr| aisA karane vAlA pArthiva zarIra ko chor3a kara Urdhva dizA : (svarga yA mokSa) ko prApta hotA hai / "vividha prakAra ke zIloM kI ArAdhanA karake jo devakalpoM va usake Upara ke devalokoM kI Ayu kA bhoga karate haiM, ve utarotara mahAzukla (candra-sUrya) kI taraha dIptimAna hote haiN| 'svarga se punaH cyavana nahIM hotA'-aisA mAnate haiN| ve daivI bhogoM ke lie apane Apako arpita kie hue rahate haiM / icchAnusAra rUpa banAne meM samartha hote haiM tathA saikar3oM pUrva-varSoM-asaMkhya-kAla taka vahA~ rahate haiN|'' 1-vaidika mAitholaoNjI 'hindI anuvAda' pR0 316-320 / 2-vahI, pR0 321-322 / 3-dekhie-dasaveAliyaM taha uttarAyaNANi, zabda-sUcI, pR0 198 / / 4-vahI, zabda-sUcI pR0 198 / 5-uttarAdhyayana, 3313-15 /

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74 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / __"jo saMvRta-bhikSu hotA hai, vaha donoM meM se eka hotA hai-saba duHkhoM se mukta yA mahAn Rddhi vAlA dev| ___ "devatAoM ke AvAsa kramazaH uttama, moha-rahita, dyu timAn aura devoM se AkIrNa hote haiM / unameM rahane vAle deva yazasvI, dIrghAyu, RddhimAn, dIptimAn, icchAnusAra rUpa dhAraNa karane vAle, abhI utpanna hue hoM-aisI kAnti vAle aura sUrya ke samAna ati-tejasvI hote hai|" ___"deva aura naraka-yoni meM utpanna huA jIva adhika se adhika eka-eka janma-grahaNa taka vahA~ raha jAtA hai, isalie he gautama ! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kara / " 2 chattIsarva adhyayana meM deva-jAti ke prakAroM kA nirUpaNa hai| naraka ( =naraga yA naraya yA niraya) kA prayoga sataraha bAra huA hai| unnIsarva adhyayana meM nArakIya vedanAoM kA vizada varNana hai / ' nArakIya jIvoM kA nirUpaNa chattIsaveM adhyayana meM huA hai| ___kucha zramaNa svarga aura naraka meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the| isa prasaMga meM ajitakezakambala kA ucchedavAda ullekhanIya hai / saMjayavelaTiThaputta bhI isa viSaya meM koI nizcita mata nahIM rakhatA thA / 6-nirvANa __ vaidika yajJa-saMsthA meM pAralaukika-jIvana kA mahattvapUrNa saMsthAna svarga hai| nirvANa kA siddhAnta unheM mAnya nahIM thA / upaniSadoM meM vaha sthira huA hai| zramaNa-paramparA Arambha se hI nirvANavAdI rahI hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM bhagavAn RSabha ko mokSa-dharma kI apekSA se hI vAsudeva kA avatAra kahA gayA hai| bhagavAn buddha ne vaidika-paramparA se apane uddezya kI pRthakatA batalAte hue kahA1-uttarAdhyayana, 525-27 / 2-vahI, 10 // 14 // 3-vahI, 36 / 204-247 / 4-dekhie, dasaveAliyaM taha uttarajhayaNANi, zabda-sUcI-pR0 204,210 / 5-uttarAdhyayana, 19647-73 / 6-vahI, 36 / 156-169 / 7-dIghanikAya, 112, pR0 20-21 / 8-vahI, 112, pR0 22 / 9-zrImadbhAgavata, skandha 11, adhyAya 2, khaNDa 2, pR0 710: tamAhurvAsudevAMzaM, mokSadharmavivakSayA /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 3 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi "paMcazikha ! hA~ mujhe smaraNa hai| maiM hI usa samaya mahAgovinda thaa| maiMne hI una zrAvakoM ko brahmaloka kA mArga batalAyA thA / paMcazikha ! merA vaha brahmacarya na nirveda ke lie (na virAga ke lie), na upazama (=parama zAnti) ke lie, na jJAna prApti ke lie. na sambodhi ke lie aura na nirvANa ke lie thaa| vaha kevala brahmaloka-prApti ke lie thA / paMcazikha ! merA yaha brahmacarya ekAnta ( bilakula ) nirveda ke lie, virAga0 aura nirvANa ke lie hai|"1 sUtrakRtAMga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ko nirvANavAdiyoM meM zreSTha kahA gayA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM aneka nirvANavAdI dhArAe~ thIM, kintu mahAvIra jisa dhArA meM the, vaha dhArA bahuta prAcIna aura bahuta pariSkRta thii| isIlie unheM nirvANavAdiyoM meM zreSTha kahA gyaa| bhagavAn buddha ne nirvANa kA svarUpa 'asta honA' yA 'bujha jAnA' batalAyA "bhikSuo ! yaha jo rUpa kA nirodha hai, upazamana hai, asta honA hai, yahI duHkha kA niSedha hai, rogoM kA upazamana hai, jarA-maraNa kA asta honA hai| yaha jo vedanA kA nirodha hai, saMjJA kA nirodha hai, upazamana hai, asta honA hai, yahI duHkha kA nirodha hai, rogoM kA upazamana hai, jarA-maraNa kA asta honA hai|" "yahI zAnti hai, yahI zreSThatA hai, yaha jo sabhI saMskAroM kA zamana, sabhI citta-maloM kA tyAga, tRSNA kA kSaya, virAga: svarUpa, nirodha-svarUpa nirvANa hai / ''4 kintu unhoMne yaha nahIM batAyA ki nirvANa ke pazcAt AtmA kI kyA sthiti hotI hai ? bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirvANa ko uttarakAlIna sthiti para pUrNa prakAza ddaalaa| isIliye unheM nirvANavAdiyoM meM zreSTha kahA jA sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayana meM chaha bAra 'nirvANa' zabda kA prayoga huA hai aura aneka bAra 'mokSa' zabda bhI anyAnya arthoM ke sAtha nirvANa ke artha meM bhI prayukta huA hai|" mokSa kA varNana chattIsaveM adhyayana meM hai|6 aneka adhyayanoM kI parisamApti meM 1-dIghanikAya, 206, pR0 176 / 2-sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 6 / 21 / 3-saMyuttanikAya, 21 / 3 / 4-aMguttaranikAya, 3 // 32 // 5-dekhie-dasaveAliyaM taha uttarajjhayaNANi, zabda-sUcI, pR0 211,268 / 6-uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 48-67 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana siddhagati, nirvANa yA mokSa prApta hone kA ullekha hai|' kucha zramaNa nirvANa ko nahIM mAnate the|2 __ isa prakAra hama dekhate hai ki (1) dAna, (2) snAna, (3) kartRvAda, (4) AtmA aura paraloka, (5) svarga aura naraka tathA (6) nirvANa-ye sabhI viSaya zramaNa-paramparA kI ekasUtratA ke vyApta lakSaNa nahIM haiM / inameM se kucha viSaya zramaNa aura vaidika paramparAoM meM bhI samAna haiN| isIlie ina viSayoM ko zramaNa aura vaidika dhArA kI vibhAjana-rekhA tathA zramaNaparamparA kI ekasUtratA kI vyApti ke rUpa meM prastuta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 1:48; 3 / 20; 10 // 37; 11 // 32; 12 // 47; 13 // 35; 14153; 16317; 18053; 21 / 24; 24 / 27; 25543; 26152, 30 // 37, 31121; 32 / 111; 35 / 21; 36 / 268 / 2-dIghanikAya, 112, pR0 22 /

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prakaraNa : cauthA Atma-vidyA-kSatriyoM kI dena Atma-vidyA kI paramparA brahma-vidyA yA Atma-vidyA avaidika zabda hai| muNDakopaniSad ke anusAra sampUrNa devatAoM meM pahale brahmA utpanna huaa| vaha vizva kA kartA aura bhuvana kA pAlaka thaa| usane apane jyeSTha putra atharvA ko samasta vidyAoM kI AdhArabhUta brahma-vidyA kA upadeza diyA / atharvA ne aMgira ko, aMgira ne bhAradvAja-satyavaha ko, bhAradvAja-satyavaha ne apane se kaniSTha RSi ko usakA upadeza diyaa| isa prakAra guru-ziSya ke krama se vaha vidyA aMgirA RSi ko prApta huii|' . bRhadAraNyaka meM do bAra brahma-vidyA kI vaMza-paramparA batAI gaI hai| usake anusAra pautimASya ne gaupavana se brahma-vidyA prApta kii| guru-ziSya kA krama calate-calate anta meM batAyA gayA hai ki, parameSThI ne vaha vidyA brahmA se prApta kii| brahmA svayaMbhU haiN| zaMkarAcArya ne brahmA kA artha 'hiraNyagarbha' kiyA hai / usase Age AcArya-paramparA nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha svayaMbhU hai| muNDaka aura bRhadAraNyaka kA krama eka nahIM hai| muNDaka ke anusAra brahma-vidyA kI prApti brahmA se atharvA ko hotI hai aura bRhadAraNyaka ke anusAra vaha brahmA se parameSThI ko hotI hai / brahmA svayaMbhU hai / isa viSaya meM donoM eka mata haiN| jaina-darzana ke anusAra Atma-vidyA ke prathama pravartaka bhagavAn RSabha haiN| ve prathama rAjA, prathama jina (arhat), prathama kevalI, prathama tIrthaGkara aura prathama dharma-cakravartI the| * unake prathama jina' hone kI bAta itanI vizruta huI ki Age cala kara 'prathama jina' unakA eka 1-muNDakopaniSad, 1 / 1 ; 1 / 2 / 2-bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 2 / 6 / 1; 4 / 6 / 1-2 / 3-vahI, bhAjya, 2 / 3 / 6, pR0 618 : parameThI virATa, brahmaNo hiraNyagarbhAt / tataH paraM AcAryaparamparA nAsti / 4-jambUdvIpa prajJapti, 2 / 30 : usahe NAmaM arahA kosalie paDhamarAyA paDhamajiNe paDhamakevalI paDhamatitthakare paDhamadhammavaracakkavaTTI samuppajitthe /

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78 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nAma bana gyaa|' zrImadbhAgavata se bhI isI bAta kI puSTi hotI hai| vahA~ batAyA gayA hai ki vAsudeva ne AThavA~ avatAra nAbhi aura merudevI ke vahA~ dhAraNa kiyaa| ve RSabha rUpa meM avatarita hue aura unhoMne saba AzramoM dvArA namaskRta mArga dikhlaayaa|' isIlie RSabha ko mokSa-dharma kI vivakSA se 'vAsudevAMza' kahA gyaa| ___ RSabha ke sau putra the| ve saba ke saba brahma-vidyA ke pAragAmI the| unake nau putroM ko 'Atma-vidyA vizArada' bhI kahA gayA hai / unakA jyeSTha putra bharata mahAyogI thaa| - jambUdvIpa prajJapti, kalpasUtra aura zrImadbhAgavata ke saMdarbha meM hama Atma-vidyA ke prathama puruSa bhagavAn RSabha ko pAte haiN| koI Azcarya nahIM ki upaniSadkAroM ne RSabha ko hI brahmA kahA ho| brahmA kA dUsarA nAma hiraNyagarbha hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra hiraNyagarbha hI yoga kA purAtana vidvAn hai, koI dUsarA nahIM / zrImadbhAgavata meM RSabha ko yogezvara kahA gayA hai|' 1-kalpasUtra, sU0 194: usabheNaM kosalie kAsavagutte NaM, tassa NaM paMca nAmadhijA evamAhijjaMti, taM jahA-usame i vA paDhamarAyA i vA paDhamabhikkhAcare i vA paDhamajiNe i vA paDhamatitthakare i vaa| 2-zrImadbhAgavata, 1 / 3 / 13 : aSTame merudevyAM tu, nAbherjAta urukrmH| darzayan vartma dhIrANAM, sarvAzramanamaskRtam // 3-vahI, 11 / 2 / 16 : tamAhu rvAsudevAMzaM, mokSadharma vivakSayA / 4-vahI, 11 / 2 / 16 : avatIrNaH sutazataM, tasyAsId brahmapAragam / 5-vahI, 11 / 2 / 20 : navAbhavan mahAbhAgA, munayo hyarthazaMsinaH / zramaNA vAtarazanAH, AtmavidyAvizAradAH // 6-vahI, 349: yeSAM khalu mahAyogI bharato jyeSThaH zreSThaguNaH AsIt / 7-mahAmArata, zAntiparva, 349 / 65 : hiraNyagarbho yogasya, vettA nAnyaH purAtanaH / 8-zrImadbhAgavata, // 4 // 3: bhagavAn RSabhadevo yogezvaraH /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 4 . Atma-vidyA-kSatriyoM kI dena unhoMne nAnA yoga-caryAoM kA caraNa kiyA thaa|' haThayoga pradIpikA meM bhagavAn RSabha ko haThayoga-vidyA ke upadeSTA ke rUpa meM namaskAra kiyA gayA hai| jaina AcArya bhI unheM yoga-vidyA ke praNetA mAnate haiM / isa dRSTi se bhagavAn RSabha 'AdinAtha', 'hiraNyagarbha' aura 'brahmA'--ina nAmoM se abhihita hue haiN| Rgveda ke anusAra hiraNyagarbha bhUta-jagat kA ekamAtra pati hai| kintu usase yaha spaSTa nahIM hotA ki vaha 'paramAtmA' hai yA 'dehadhArI' ? zaMkarAcArya ne bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM aisI hI vipratipatti upasthita kI hai-kinhIM vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki paramAtmA hI hiraNyagarbha hai aura kaI vidvAn kahate haiM ki vaha saMsArI hai / yaha saMdeha hiraNyagarbha ke mUla svarUpa kI jAnakArI ke abhAva meM pracalita thaa| bhASyakAra sAyaNa ke anusAra hiraNyagarbha dehadhArI hai / 6 Atma-vidyA, saMnyAsa Adi ke prathama pravartaka hone ke kAraNa isa prakaraNa meM hiraNyagarbha kA artha 'RSabha' hI honA caahie| hiraNyagarbha unakA eka nAma bhI rahA hai / RSabha jaba garbha meM the, taba kubera ne hiraNya kI vRSTi kI thI, isalie unheM 'hiraNyagarbha' bhI kahA gyaa|' karma-vidyA aura Atma-vidyA karma-vidyA aura Atma-vidyA--ye do dhArAeM prArambha se hI vibhakta rahI haiM / marIci, aMgirA, atri, pulastya, pulaha, Rtu aura vaziSTha--ye sAta RSi brahmA ke mAnasa-putra haiN| 1-zrImadbhAgavata, 5 / 5 / 25 : nAnAyogacaryAcaraNo bhagavAn kaivalyapati RSabhaH / 2-haThayoga pradIpikA : __zrI AdinAthAya namostu tasyai, yenopadiSTA htthyogvidyaa| 3-jJAnArNava, 122 : yogikalpataraM naumi, deva-devaM vRSadhvajam / 4-Rgveda, 10 / 10 / 12131 : hiraNyagarbhaH ? samavartatAgre bhUtasya jAtaH patireka AsIt / sa sadAdhArapRthivIM cAmutemA kasmai devAya haviSA vidhema // 5-bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 1 / 4 / 6, bhAjya, pR0 185 : atra vipratipadyante-para eva hiraNyagarbha ityeke / saMsArotyapare / 6-taittirIyAraNyaka, prapAThaka 10, anuvAka 62, sAyaNa bhASya / 7-mahApurANa, 12 / 95 : saiSA hiraNyamayI vRSTiH dhanezena nipaatitaa| vibho hiraNyagarbhatva miva bodhayituM jagat //

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80 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ye pradhAna vedavettA aura pravRtti-dharmAvalambI haiN| inheM brahmA dvArA prajApati ke pada para pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| yaha karma-parAyaNa puruSoM ke lie zAzvata mArga prakaTa huaa|' __sana, sanat, sujAta, sanaka, sanaMdana, sanatkumAra, kapila aura sanAtana-ye sAta RSi bhI brahmA ke mAnasa-putra haiN| inheM svayaM vijJAna prApta hai aura ye nivRtti-dharmAvalambI haiN| ye pramukha yogavettA, sAMkhya-jJAna-vizArada, dharma-zAstroM ke AcArya aura mokSa-dharma ke pravartaka haiN| saptatizatasthAna meM batalAyA gayA hai ki jaina, zaiva aura sAMkhya--ye tIna dharma-darzana bhagavAn RSabha ke tIrtha meM pravRtta hue the| isase mahAbhArata ke ukta tatthyAMza kA samarthana hotA hai| zrImadbhAgavata meM likhA hai-bhagavAn RSabha ke kuzAvarta Adi nau putra nau dvIpoM ke adhipati bane, kavi Adi nau putra Atma-vidyA-vizArada zramaNa bane aura bharata ko chor3a kara 1-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 340 / 66-71 : . marIciraGgirAzcAtriH, pulastyaH pulahaH kratuH / vasiSTha iti saptate, mAnasA nirmitA hi te // . . ete vedavido mukhyA, vedAcAryAzca kalpitAH / pravRttidharmiNazcaiva, prAjApatye pratiSThitAH // ayaM kriyAvatAM panthA, vyaktIbhUtaH sanAtanaH / aniruddha iti prokto, lokasargakaraH prabhuH // . 2 vahI, zAntiparva, 340 / 72-74 : sanaH sanatsujAtazca, sanakaH sasanandanaH / sanatkumAraH kapilaH, saptamazca sanAtanaH // saptaite mAnasAH proktA, RSayo brahmaNaH sutAH / svayamAgata vijJAnA, nivRttiM dharmamAsthitAH // ete yogavido mukhyAH, sAMkhyajJAnavizAradAH / AcAryA dharmazAstreSu, mokSadharmapravartakAH // 3-saptatizatasthAna, 340-341 : jaiNaM saivaM saMkhaM, veaMtiyanAhiANa buddhANaM / vaisesiyANa vi mayaM, imAI saga darisaNAI kama // tigni usahassa titthe, jAyAI sIalassa te dunni / darisaNa megaM pAsassa, sattamaM vIratitthaMmi // .

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 4 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi 81 zeSa 81 putra mahAzrotriya, yajJazIla aura karma-zuddha brAhmaNa bne| unhoMne karma-tantra kA praNayaNa kiyaa| ___ bhagavAn RSabha ne Atma-taMtra kA pravartana kiyA aura unake 81 putra karma-tantra ke pravartaka hue / ye donoM dhArAeM lagabhaga eka sAtha hI pravRtta huii| yajJa kA artha yadi AtmayajJa kiyA jAe to thor3I bheda-rekhAoM ke sAtha ukta vivaraNa kA saMvAdaka pramANa jainasAhitya meM bhI milatA hai. aura yadi yajJa kA artha veda-vihita yajJa kiyA jAe to yaha kahanA hogA ki bhAgavatakAra ne RSabha ke putroM ko yajJazIla batA yajJa ko jaina-paramparA se sambandhita karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| Atma-vidyA bhagavAn RSabha dvArA pravartita huii| unake putroM-vAtarazana zramaNoMdvArA vaha paramparA ke rUpa meM pracalita rahI / zramaNa aura vaidika-dhArA kA saMgama huA taba pravRttivAdI vaidika Arya usase prabhAvita nahIM hue kintu zramaNa-paramparA ke anuyAyI asuroM ko dhRti, Atma-lItatA aura azoka-bhAva ko dekhA to ve usase sahasA prabhAvita hue binA nahIM raha ske| vedottara yuga meM Atma-vidyA aura usake paripArzva meM vikasita hone vAle ahiMsA, mokSa Adi tattva donoM dhArAoM ke saMgama-sthala ho ge| vaidika-sAhitya meM zramaNa-saMskRti ke aura zramaNa-sAhitya meM vaidika-saMskRti ke aneka saMgama-sthala haiN| yahA~ hama mukhyataH Atma-vidyA aura usake paripArzva meM ahiMsA kI carcA kreNge| Atma-vidyA aura veda ___ mahAbhArata kA eka prasaMga hai / maharSi bRhaspati ne prajApati manu se pUchA- "bhagavan ! jo isa jagat kA kAraNa hai, jisake lie vaidika karmoM kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai, brAhmaNa loga jise jJAna kA antima phala batalAte haiM tathA veda ke maMtra-vAkyoM dvArA jisakA tattva pUrNa rUpa se prakAza meM nahIM AtA, usa nitya vastu kA Apa mere lie yathArtha varNana kareM / "manuSya ko jisa vastu kA jJAna hotA hai, usI ko vaha pAnA cAhatA hai aura pAne kI icchA hone para usake lie vaha prayatna Arambha karatA hai, parantu maiM to usa purAtana paramotkRSTa vastu ke viSaya meM kucha jAnatA hI nahIM hU~, phira pAne ke lie jhUThA prayatna kaise karU~ ? maiMne Rk, sAma aura yajurveda kA tathA chanda kA arthAt atharvaveda kA evaM nakSatroM kI 1-zrImadbhAgavata, 5 / 4 / 9-13 / 11 / 2 / 19-21 / 2-Avazyakaniyukti, pR0 235-236 / 3-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 201 / 4 /

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82 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana gati, nirukta, vyAkaraNa, kalpa aura zikSA kA bhI adhyayana kiyA hai to bhI maiM AkAza Adi pA~coM mahAbhUtoM ke upAdAna kAraNa ko na jAna sakA / tattvajJAna hone para kauna-sA phala prApta hotA hai ? karma karane para kisa phala kI upalabdhi hotI hai ? dehAbhimAnI jIva deha se kisa prakAra nikalatA hai aura phira dUsare zarIra meM praveza kaise karatA hai ? ye sArI bAteM bhI mujhe btaaeN|" __ isI prakAra nArada sanatkumAra se kahatA hai- "bhagavan ! mujhe upadeza deN|" taba sanatkumAra ne kahA-"tuma jo jAnate ho vaha mujhe batalAo, phira upadeza duuNgaa|" taba nArada ne kahA-"bhagavan ! mujhe Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda yAda haiN| itihAsa, vedoM ke veda (vyAkaraNa), zrAddha-kalpa, gaNita, utpAta-jJAna, nidhizAstra, tarkazAstra, nIti, deva-vidyA, brahma-vidyA, bhUta-vidyA, kSatra-vidyA, sarpa-vidyA aura devajana-vidyA (nRtya, saMgIta Adi) ko maiM jAnatA huuN|"2 saba vedoM ko jAna lene para bhI Atma-vidyA kA jJAna nahIM hotA thA, usakA kAraNa muNDakopaniSad se spaSTa hotA hai / zaunaka ne aMgirA ke pAsa vidhi-pUrvaka jAkara pUchA-"bhagavan ! kise jAnane para saba kucha jAna liyA jAtA hai ?" aMgirA ne kahA-"do vidhAe~ haiM-eka 'parA' aura dUsaro 'apraa'| Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda, atharvaveda, zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chanda aura jyotiSa--yaha 'aparA' hai tathA jisase usa akSara paramAtmA kA jJAna hotA hai, vaha 'parA' hai|"3 ___ isa 'parA' vidyA ko vedoM se pRthak batalAne kA tAtparya yahI ho sakatA hai ki vaidika Rpi ise mahattva nahIM dete the| zramaNa-paramparA aura kSatriya zramaNa-paramparA meM kSatriyoM kI pramukhatA rahI hai aura vaidika-paramparA meM brAhmaNoM kii| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA devAnandA kI kokha se trizalA kSatriyANI kI kokha meM saMkramaNa kiyA gayA, yaha tathya zramaNa-paramparA sammata kSatriya jAti kI zreSThatA kA sUcaka hai|4 mahAtmA buddha ne kahA thA-"vAziSTha ! brahmA sanatkumAra ne bhI gAthA kahI hai 1-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 201 / 7,8,9 / 2-chAndogyopaniSad, 7 / 1 / 1,2 / 3-muNDakopaniSad, 1 / 1 / 3-5 / 4-kalpasUtra, 20-25 //

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 4 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi 'gotra lekara calane vAle janoM meM kSatriya zreSTha haiM / jo vidyA aura AcaraNa se yukta haiM, vaha deva manuSyoM meM zreSTha haiN|' "vAziSTha ! yaha gAthA brahmA sanatkumAra ne ThIka hI kahI hai, be-ThIka nahIM khii| sArthaka kahI, anarthaka nahIM / isakA maiM bhI anumodana karatA huuN|"1 kSatriya kI utkRSTatA kA ullekha bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM bhI milatA hai| vaha itihAsa kI usa bhUmikA para aMkita huA jAna par3atA hai jaba kSatriya aura brAhmaNa eka dUsare ke pratidvandvI ho rahe the| vahA~ likhA hai- "Arambha meM yaha eka brahma hI thaa| akele hone ke kAraNa vaha vibhUtiyukta karma karane meM samartha nahIM huaa| usane atizayatA se 'kSatra'-isa prazasta rUpa kI racanA kI arthAt devatAoM meM jo kSatriya, indra, varuNa, soma, rudra, megha, yama, mRtyu aura IzAna Adi haiM, unheM utpanna kiyaa| ataH kSatriya se utkRSTa koI nahIM hai| usI se rAjasUya-yajJa meM brAhmaNa nIce baiTha kara kSatriya kI upAsanA karatA hai| vaha kSatriya meM hI apane yaza ko sthApita karatA hai / " 2 Atma-vidyA ke lie brAhmaNoM dvArA kSatriyoM kI upAsanA kSatriyoM kI zreSThatA unakI rakSAtmaka zakti ke kAraNa nahIM, kintu Atma-vidyA kI upalabdhi ke kAraNa thii| yaha AzcaryapUrNa nahIM, kintu bahuta yathArtha bAta hai ki brAhmaNoM ko Atma-vidyA kSatriyoM se prApta huI hai| AruNi kA putra zvetaketu paMcAladezIya logoM kI sabhA meM aayaa| pravAhaNa ne kahA-kumAra ! kyA pitA ne tumheM zikSA dI hai ? zvetaketu-hA~ bhagavan ! pravAhaNa-kyA tujhe mAlUma hai ki isa loka se (jAne para) prajA kahA~ jAtI hai ? zvetaketu-nahIM, bhagavan ! pravAhaNa--kyA tU jAnatA hai ki vaha phira isa loka meM kaise AtI hai ? zvetaketu-nahIM ! bhagavan ! pravAhaNa-devayAna aura pitRyAna-ina donoM mArgoM kA eka dUsare se vilaga hone kA sthAna tujhe mAlUma hai ? zvetaketu-nahIM, bhagavan ! pravAhaNa-tujhe mAlUma hai, yaha pitRloka maratA kyoM nahIM hai ? zvetaketu-bhagavan ! nhiiN| 1-dIghanikAya, 3 / 4, pR0 245 / 2-bRhadAraNyaka, 11411, pR0 286 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pravAhaNa-kyA tU jAnatA hai ki pA~cavIM Ahuti ke havana kara die jAne para Apa (sauma, ghRtAdi rasa) puruSa saMjJA ko kaise prApta hote haiM ? ___ zvetaketu-nahIM, bhagavan ! nhiiN| to phira tU apane ko 'mujhe zikSA dI gaI hai' aisA kyoM bolatA thA ? jo ina bAtoM ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha apane ko zikSita kaise kaha sakatA hai ? taba vaha trasta hokara apane pitA ke sthAna para AyA aura usase bolA-"zrImAn ne mujhe zikSA die binA ho kaha diyA thA ki maiMne tumheM zikSA de dI hai| usa kSatriya bandhu ne mujha se pA~ca prazna pUche the, kintu maiM unameM se eka kA bhI vivecana nahIM kara skaa|" usane kahA-"tumane usa samaya ( Ate hI ) jaise ye prazna mujhe sunAe~ haiM, unameM se maiM eka ko bhI nahIM jAnatA / yadi maiM inheM jAnatA to tumheM kyoM nahIM batalAtA ?" __ taba vaha gautama rAjA ke sthAna para AyA aura usane apanI jijJAsAe~ rAjA ke sAmane prastuta kii| rAjA ne use cirakAla taka apane pAsa rahane kA anurodha kiyA aura kahA"gautama ! jisa prakAra tumane mujha se kahA hai, pUrva-kAla meM tumase pahale yaha vidyA brAhmaNoM ke pAsa nahIM gii| isI se sampUrNa lokoM meM kSatriyoM kA hI (ziSyoM ke prati) anuzAsana hotA rahA hai|" bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM bhI rAjA pravAhaNa AruNi se kahatA hai-"isase pUrva yaha vidyA (adhyAtma-vidyA) kisI brAhmaNa ke pAsa nahIM rhii| vaha maiM tumheM btaauuNgaa|"2 upamanyu kA putra prAcInazAla, puluSa kA putra satyayajJa, mallavi ke putra kA putra indradyumna, zarkarakSa kA putra jana aura azvatarAzva kA putra vaDila-ye mahAgRhastha aura parama zrotriya ekatrita hokara paraspara vicAra karane lage ki hamArA AtmA kauna hai aura hama kyA haiM ? unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki aruNa kA putra uddAlaka isa samaya vaizvAnara AtmA ko jAnatA hai, ataH hama usake pAsa cleN| aisA nizcaya kara ve usake pAsa aae| usane nizcaya kiyA ki ye parama zrotriya mahAgRhastha mujha se prazna kareMge, kintu maiM inheM pUrI taraha se batalA nahIM sakU~gA / ataH maiM inheM dUsarA upadeSTA batalA duuN| 1-chAndogyopaniSad, 5 // 3 // 1-70, pR0 472-476 / 2-bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 6 / 2 / 8 : patheyaMvidyataHpUrva na kazmizcana brAhmaNa uvAsa tAM tvahaM tubhyaM vakSyAmi /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 4 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi 85 usane kahA-"isa samaya kekayakumAra azvapati isa vaizvAnara saMjJaka AtmA ko acchI taraha se jAnatA hai| Aie hama usI ke pAsa cleN|" aisA kaha kara ve usake pAsa cale ge| unhoMne kekayakumAra azvapati se kahA- "isa samaya Apa vaizvAnara AtmA ko acchI taraha jAnate haiM, isalie usakA jJAna hameM deN|" dUsare dina kekayakumAra azvapati ne unheM Atma-vidyA kA upadeza diyaa|' __ brAhmaNoM ke brahmatva para tIkhA vyaMga karate hue ajAtazatru ne gArya se kahA thA"brAhmaNa kSatriya ko zaraNa meM isa AzA se jAeM ki yaha mujhe brahma kA upadeza karegA, yaha to viparIta hai| to bhI maiM tumheM usakA jJAna karAU~gA hii|" 2 prAyaH sabhI maithila nareza Atma-vidyA ko Azraya dete the / ema0 vinTaraniTaja ve isa viSaya para bahuta vizada vivecanA kI hai| unhoMne likhA hai-'bhArata ke ina prathama dArzanikoM ko usa yuga ke purohitoM meM khojanA ucita na hogA, kyoMki purohita to yajJa ko eka zAstrIya DhA~cA dene meM dilojAna se lage hue the jaba ki ina dArzanikoM kA dhyeya veda ke anekezvaravAda ko unmUlita karanA hI thaa| jo brAhmaNa yajJoM ke ADambara dvArA ho apanI roTI kamAte haiM, unhIM ke ghara meM hI koI aisA vyakti janma le le, jo indra taka kI sattA meM vizvAsa na kare, devatAoM ke nAma se AhutiyA~ denA jise vyartha najara Ae, buddhi nahIM maantii| so adhika saMbhava nahIM pratIta hotA hai ki yaha dArzanika cintana unhIM logoM kA kSetra thA jinheM vedoM meM purohitoM kA zatru arthAt ari, : kaMjUsa, 'brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA dene se jI curAne vAlA' kahA gayA hai| ___"upaniSadoM meM to aura kabhI-kabhI brAhmaNoM meM bhI, aise kitane hI sthala Ate haiM, jahA~ darzana anucintana ke usa yuga-pravAha meM kSatriyoM kI bhAratIya saMskRti ko dena svataH siddha ho jAtI hai| ___ "kauzItakI brAhmaNa (26,5) meM prAcIna bhArata kI sAhityika gatividhi kI nidarzaka eka kathA, rAjA pratardana ke sambandha meM AtI hai ki kisa prakAra vaha mAnI brAhmaNoM se 'yajJa-vidyA ke viSaya meM jUjhatA hai| zatapatha kI 11 vI kaNDikA meM rAjA janaka sabhI purohitoM kA muMha baMda kara dete haiM, aura to aura brAhmaNoM ko janaka ke prazna samajha meM hI nahIM Ate ? eka aura prasaMga meM zvetaketu, somazuSma aura yAjJavalkya sarIkhe mAne hue 1-chAndogyopaniSad, 5 / 11 / 1-7 / 2-bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 2 / 1 / 15 / 3-viSNupurANa, 4 / 5 / 34 : prAyeNete AtmavidyAzrayiNo bhUpAlA bhavanti /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana brAhmaNoM se prazna karate haiM ki agnihotra karane kA saccA tarIkA kyA hai, aura kisI se isakA santoSajanaka uttara nahIM bana pAtA / yajJa kI dakSiNA arthAt 100 gAeM, yAjJavalkya ke hAtha lagatI haiM, kintu janaka sApha-sApha kahe jAtA hai ki agnihotrI kI bhAvanA abhI svayaM yAjJavalkya ko bhI spaSTa nahIM huI aura sUtra ke anantara jaba mahArAja andara cale jAte haiM, to brAhmaNoM meM kAnAphUsI cala par3atI hai 'yaha kSatriya hokara hamArI aisI kI taisI kara gayA; khaira hama bhI to ise sabaka de sakate haiM-brahmoda (ke vivAda) meM ise nIcA dikhA sakate haiM / ' taba yAjJavalkya unheM manA karatA hai-dekho, hama brAhmaNa haiM aura vaha sirpha eka kSatriya haiM, hama use jIta bhI leM to hamArA usase kucha bar3ha nahIM jAtA aura agara usane hameM harA diyA to loga hamArI makhaula ur3Ae~ge-'dekho, eka choTe se kSatriya ne hI inakA abhimAna cUrNa kara ddaalaa'| aura unase (apane sAthiyoM se). chuTTI pAkara yAjJavalkya svayaM janaka ke caraNoM meM hAjira hotA hai; bhagavan mujhe bhI brahma-vidyA sambandhI apane svAnubhava kA kucha prasAda diijie|"1 / ___ aura bhI aise aneka prasaMga milate haiM jiname Atma-vidyA para kSatriyoM kA prabhutva pramANita hotA hai| Atma-vidyA ke puraskartA ___ ema0 vinTaraniTja ne likhA hai- "jahA~ brAhmaNa yajJa, yoga Adi kI nIrasa prakriyA se lipaTe hae the, adhyAtma-vidyA ke carama praznoM para aura loga svataMtra cintana kara rahe the| . inhIM brAhmaNetara maNDaloM meM aise vAnaprasthoM tathA ramate parivrAjakoM kA sampradAya uThAjinhoMne na kevala saMsAra aura sAMsArika sukha-vaibhava se apitu yajJAdi kI nIrasatA se bhI apanA nAtA tor3a liyA thaa| Age cala kara bauddha, jaina Adi vibhinna brAhmaNa-virodhI mata-matAntaroM kA janma inhoM svataMtra-cintakoM tathAkathita nAstikoM-kI badaulata sambhava ho sakA, yaha bhI eka aitihAsika tathya hai| prAcIna yajJAdi siddhAntoM ke bhapmazeSa se ina svataMtra vicAroM kI paramparA rahI, yaha bhI eka (aura) aitihAsika tathya hai| yAjJikoM meM 'jida' kucha ghara kara pAtI. aura na yaha naI dRSTi kucha saMbhava ho sktii| ____ "ina sabakA yaha matalaba na samajhA jAe ki brAhmaNoM kA upaniSadoM ke dArzanika cintana meM koI bhAga thA hI nahIM, kyoMki prAcIna gurukuloM meM eka ho AcArya kI chatrachAyA meM brAhmaNa-putroM, kSatriya-putroM kI zikSA-dIkSA kA taba prabandha thA aura yaha saba svAbhAvika hI pratIta hotA hai ki vibhinna samasyAoM para samaya-samaya para una dinoM vicAravinimaya bhI binA kisI bhedabhAva ke huA karate the|"2 1-prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya, prathama bhAga, prathama khaNDa, pR0 183 / 2-vahI, pR0 185 /

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khaDa : 1, prakaraNa : 4 zramaNa aura vaidika-paramparA kI pRSTha-bhUmi 87 'bauddha, jaina Adi vibhinna brAhmaNa virodhI mata-matAntaroM kA janma inhIM svataMtra cintakoM tathAkathita nAstikoM kI badaulata hI sambhava ho sakA'-..-'isa vAkya kI apekSA yaha vAkya adhika upayukta ho sakatA hai ki 'bauddha jaina Adi vibhinna brAhmaNa virodhI matamatAntaroM kA vikAsa Atma-vettA kSatriyoM kI badaulata hI saMbhava ho skaa|' kyoMki adhyAtma- vidyA kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna rahI hai, sabhavataH veda-racanA se pahale bhI rahI hai / usake puraskartA kSatriya the| brAhmaNa-purANa bhI isa bAta kA samarthana karate haiM ki bhagavAn RSabha kSatriyoM ke pUrvaja haiN|' unhoMne sudUra kSitija meM adhyAtma-vidyA kA upadeza diyA thaa| brAhmaNoM kI udAratA __ brAhmaNoM ne bhagavAn RSabha aura unakI adhyAtma-vidyA ko jisa prakAra apanAyA, vaha unakI apUrva udAratA kA jvalanta udAharaNa hai| ema0 vinTaraniTaja ke zabdoM meM hama yaha bhI na bhUla jAeM ki (bhArata ke itihAsa meM) brAhmaNoM meM hI yaha pratibhA pAI jAtI hai ki ve apanI ghisI-piTI upekSita vidyA meM bhI nae---virodhI bhI kyoM na hoM-vicAroM kI saMgati biThA sakate haiM / Azrama-vyavasthA ko, isI viziSTatA ke sAtha, cupacApa unhoMne apane (brAhmaNa) dharma kA aMga banA liyA-vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsI loga bhI unhIM kI prAcIna vyavasthA meM samA gae / ___AraNyakoM aura upaniSadoM meM vikasita hone vAlI adhyAtya-vidyA ko vicAra-saMgama kI saMjJA dekara hama atIta ke prati anyAya nahIM krte| DA0 bhagavatazaraNa upAdhyAya kA mata hai ki Rgvaidika kAla ke bAda jaba upaniSadoM kA samaya AyA taba taka kSatriya-brAhmaNa saMgharSa utpanna ho gayA thA aura kSatriya brAhmaNoM se vaha pada chIna lene ko udyata ho gae the jisakA abhoga brAhmaNa vaidika-kAla se kie pA rahe the| pArjiTara kA abhimata isase bhinna hai / unhoMne likhA hai- "rAjAoM va RSiyoM kI paramparAeM bhinna-bhinna rahIM / sudUra atIta meM do bhinna paramparAe~ thIM-kSatriya-paramparA aura braahmnn-prmpraa| yaha mAnanA vicAra ... 1-(ka) vAyupurANa, pUrvAddha, 33150 : nAbhistvajanayata putraM, marudevyAM mahAdyutiH / RSabhaM pArthivazreSTha, sarvakSatrasya pUrvajam // (kha) brahmANDapurANa, pUrvAddha, anuSaMgapAda, 14 / 60 : RSabhaM pArthivazreSTha, sarvakSatrasya pUrvajam / RSabhAd bharato jajJe, vIraH putrazatAgrajaH // 2-prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya, prathama bhAga, prathama khaNDa, pR0 186 / - 3-saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR0 110 /

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88 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pUrNa nahIM ki vizuddha kSatriya-paramparA pUrNataH vilIna ho gaI thI yA atyadhika bhraSTa ho gaI yA jo vartamAna meM hai, vaha maulika nhiiN| brAhmaNa apane dhArmika vyAkhyAoM ko surakSita rakha sake va unakA pAlana kara sake haiM to kSatriyoM ke sambandha meM isase viparIta mAnanA avicArapUrNa hai| kSatriya-paramparA meM bhI aise vyakti the, jinakA mukhya kArya hI paramparA ko surakSita rakhanA thaa| "kSatriya va brAhmaNa-paramparA kA antara mahattvapUrNa hai aura svAbhAvika bhii|...ydi kSatriya-paramparA kA astitva nahIM hotA to vaha Azcaryajanaka sthiti hotii| brAhmaNa va kSatriya-paramparA kI bhinnatA prAcInatama kAla se purANoM ke saMkalana va paurANika brahmaNoM kA una para adhikAra hone taka rhii|"1 vastutaH kSatriya-paramparA Rgveda-kAla se pUrvavartI hai| upaniSad-kAla meM kSatriya brAhmaNoM kA pada chIna lene ko udyata nahIM the ; pratyuta brAhmaNoM ko Atma-vidyA kA jJAna de rahe the / jaisA ki DA0 upAdhyAya ne likhA hai- "brAhmaNoM ke yajJAnuSThAna Adi ke viruddha krAntikara kSatriyoM ne upaniSad-vidyA kI pratiSThA kI aura brAhmaNoM ne apane darzanoM kI nIMva ddaalii| isa saMgharSa kA kAla prasAra kAphI lambA rahA jo antataH dvitIyaM zatI I0 pU0 meM brAhmaNoM ke rAjanItika utkarSa kA kAraNa huaa| isameM eka ora to vaziSTha, parazurAma, turakAvaSeya, kAtyAyana, rAkSasa, pataMjali aura puSyamitra zuMga kI paramparA rahI aura dUsarI ora vizvamitra, devApi, janamejaya, azvapati, kaikeya, pravahaNa, jaibaliajAtazatru, kauzeya, janaka videha, pArzva, mahAvIra, vuddha aura vRhadratha kii|" 2 Atma-vidyA aura ahiMsA ahiMsA kA AdhAra Atma-vidyA hai| usake binA ahiMsA kaurI naitika bana jAtI hai, usakA AdhyAtmika mUlya nahIM rhtaa| ____ ahiMsA aura hiMsA kabhI brAhmaNa aura kSatriya-paramparA kI vibhAjana rekhA thii| ahiMsA priya hone ke kAraNa kSatriya jAti bahuta janapriya ho gaI thI jaisA kI dinakara ne likhA hai-"avatAroM meM vAmana aura parazurAma, ye do hI haiM jinakA janma brAhmaNa-kula meM huA thaa| bAkI sabhI avatAra kSatriyoM ke vaMza meM hue haiN| vaha Akasmika ghaTanA ho sakatI hai, kintu isase yaha anumAna AsAnI se nikala AtA hai ki yajJoM para palane ke kAraNa brAhmaNa itane hiMsA-priya ho gaye the ki samAja unase ghRNA karane lagA aura brAhmaNoM kA pada unhoMne kSatriyoM ko de diyaa| pratikriyA kevala brAhmaNa dharma (yajJa) ke prati hI 2-Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, p. 5,6. 2-saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR0 110 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 4 Atma-vidyA-kSatriyoM kI dena nahoM, brAhmaNoM ke gar3ha kuru paMcAla ke khilApha bhI jagI aura vaidika-sabhyatA ke bAda vaha samaya A gayA jaba ijjata kuru paMcAla kI nahIM, balki magadha aura videha kI hone lgii| kapilavastu meM janma lene ke Thoka pUrva jaba tathAgata svarga meM devayoni meM virAja rahe the, taba kI kathA hai ki devatAoM ne unase kahA ki aba ApakA avatAra honA cAhie, ataeva Apa soca lIjie ki kisa deza aura kisa kula meM janma-grahaNa kiijiegaa| tathAgata ne soca samajha kara batAyA ki mahAbuddha ke avatAra ke yogya to magadha deza aura kSatriya-vaMza hI ho sakatA hai / isI prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIra vardhamAna bhI pahale eka brAhmaNI ke garbha meM Ae the| lekina indra ne socA ki itane bar3e mahApuruSa kA janma brAhmaNa-vaMza meM kaise ho sakatA hai ? ataeva usane brAhmaNI kA garbha curA kara use eka kSatrANI kI kukSI meM DAla diyaa| ina kahAniyoM se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki una dinoM yaha anubhava kiyA jAne lagA thA ki ahiMsA-dharma kA mahApracAraka brAhmaNa nahIM ho sakatA, isalie buddha aura mahAvIra ke kSatriya-vaMza meM utpanna hone kI kalpanA logoM ko bahuta acchI lagane lgii|" ukta avataraNoM va abhimatoM se ye niSkarSa hameM sahaja upalabdha hote haiM(1) Atma-vidyA ke Adi-srota tIrthaGkara RSabha the| (2) ve kSatriya the| (3) unakI paramparA kSatriyoM meM barAbara samAdRta rhii| (4) ahiMsA kA vikAsa bhI Atma-vidyA ke AdhAra para huaa| (5) yajJa-saMsthA ke samarthaka brAhmagoM ne vaidika-kAla meM Atma-vidyA ko pramukhatA nahIM dii| . (6) AraNyaka va upaniSad-kAla meM ve Atma-vidyA kI ora AkRSTa hue| (7) kSatriyoM ke dvArA unheM vaha (Atma-vidyA) prApta huii| . 1-saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya, pR0 109-110 / 12

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prakaraNa : pA~cavA~ 1-mahAvIra kAlIna matavAda bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yuga dhArmika matavAdoM kI jaTilatA kA yuga thA / bauddha-sAhitya meM 62 dharma matavAdoM kA vivaraNa milatA hai / ' sAmaJaphalasutta meM chaha tIrthaGkaroM kA ullekha hai| unameM pA~caveM tIrthaGkara niggaMTha nAtaputta arthAt bhagavAn mahAvIra haiM / unake mata kA cAturyAma saMvara ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ajAtazatru bhagavAn buddha se kahatA hai__"bhante ! eka dina maiM jahA~ niggaMTha nAthaputta the, vahA~ gyaa| jAkara nigaMTha nAthaputta ke sAtha maiMne saMmodana kiyA :-'kyA bhante ! zrAmaNya ke pAlana karane kA phala isI janma meM pratyakSa batalAyA jA sakatA hai|' aisA kahane para bhante ! niggaMTha nAthaputta ne yaha uttara diyA--'mahArAja ! niggaMTha cAra (prakAra ke) saMvaroM se saMvRtta (=AcchAdita,saMyata) rahatA hai / mahArAja ! niggaMTha cAra saMvaroM se kaise saMvRta rahatA hai ? mahArAja ! (1) niggaMTha (=nimrantha) jala ke vyavahAra kA vAraNa karatA hai (jisameM jala ke jIva na mAre jAveM), (2) sabhI pApoM kA vAraNa karatA hai, (3) sabhI pApoM ke vAraNa karane se dhutapApa (=pApa-rahita) hotA hai, (4) sabhI pApoM ke vAraNa karane meM lagA rahatA hai| mahArAja ! niggaMTha isa prakAra cAra saMvaroM se saMvRtta rahatA hai| mahArAja ! kyoMki niggaMTha ina cAra prakAra ke saMvaroM se saMvRta rahatA hai, isIlie vaha nirgrantha, gatAtmA (=anicchuka ), yatAtmA (saMyamI) aura sthitAtmA kahalAtA hai' ___ "bhante ! pratyakSa zrAmaNya phala ke pUche0 niggaMTa nAtaputta ne cAra saMvaroM kA varNana kiyaa| bhante ! taba mere mana meM yaha huA 'kaise mujha jaisA 0 / ' bhante ! so maiMne 0 / 0 uTha kara cala diyA / 2 yaha saMvAda vAstavikatA se dUra hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra cAturyAma-saMvara ke pratipAdaka nahIM the| pArzvanAtha ke cAturyAma-dharma ko bhramavaza nirgrantha jJAta-putra kA cAturyAma-saMvara kahA gayA hai| lagatA hai ki saMgIti meM sammilita bauddha bhikSu bhagavAn pArzva ke cAturyAma 1-dIghanikAya, 111, pR0 5-15 / 2-vahI, 12, pR0 21 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 5 1-mahAvIra kAlIna matavAda dharma se paricita the, kintu cAra yAmoM kI yathArtha jAnakArI unheM nahIM thii| sAmaJaphalasutta meM ullikhita cAra yAma nirgrantha-paramparA meM pracalita nahIM rahe haiN| bhagavAn pArzva ke cAra yAma the (1) prANAtipAta-viramaNa / (2) mRSAvAda-viramaNa / (3) adattAdAna-viramaNa / (4) bahistAt-AdAna-viramaNa / ' bhagavAn mahAvIra ne nirgranthoM ke lie pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pratipAdana kiyA thaa| bhagavAn pArzva ke cauthe uttarAdhikArI kumAra zramaNa kezI eka bAra zrAvastI meM Ae aura tinduka-udyAna meM tthhre| unhoM dinoM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke prathama gaNadhara gautama svAmI bhI vahA~ Ae aura koSThaka-udyAna meM tthhre| una donoM ke ziSya paraspara mile| unake mana meM eka tarka khar3A huA--"yaha hamArA dharma kaisA hai ? aura yaha unakA dharma kaisA hai ? AcAra-dharma ko vyavasthA yaha hamArI kaisI hai ? aura vaha unakI kaisI hai ? jo cAturyAmadharma hai, usakA pratipAdana mahAmuni pArzva ne kiyA hai aura yaha jo paMca zikSAtmaka-dharma hai, usakA pratipAdana mahAmuni varddhamAna ne kiyA hai ..... 'jaba ki hama eka hI uddezya se cale haiM to phira isa bheda kA kyA kAraNa hai ?"2 ___ apane ziSyoM kI vitarkaNA ko jAna kara unakA saMdeha nivAraNa karane ke lie kezI aura gautama mile| kezI ne gautama se pUchA-"jo cAturyAma-dharma hai, usakA pratipAdana mahAmuni pArya ne kiyA hai aura yaha jo paMca zikSAtmaka-dharma hai, usakA pratipAdana mahAmuni varddhamAna ne kiyA hai| eka hI uddezya ke lie hama caleM haiM to phira isa bheda kA kyA kAraNa hai ? meghAvin ! dharma ke ina do prakAroM meM tumheM saMdeha kaise nahIM hotA ?" kezI ke kahate-kahate hI gautama ne isa prakAra kahA-"dharma ke parama artha kI, jisameM lAkhoM kA vinizcaya hotA hai, sImA prajJA se hotI hai| pahale tIrthaGkara ke sAdhu Rju aura jar3a hote haiM / antima tIrthaGkara ke sAdhu vakra aura jar3a hote haiN| bIca ke tIrthaGkaroM ke sAdhu Rju aura prAjJa hote haiM, isalie dharma ke do prakAra kie haiN| pUrvavartI sAdhuoM ke lie muni ke AcAra ko yathAvat grahaNa kara lenA kaThina hai| caramavartI sAdhuoM ke lie muni ke AcAra kA pAlana kaThina hai| madhyavartI sAdhu use yathAvat grahaNa kara lete haiM aura usakA pAlana bhI ve saralatA se karate haiN|" 3 1-sthAnAMga, 4 / 1 / 266 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 23 / 11,12,13 / ... 3-vahI, 23 / 23-27 /

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. uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___ gautama ne jo uttara diyA usakA samarthana sthAnAMga se bhI hotA hai| uttaravartIsAhitya meM bhI yaha artha barAbara mAnya rahA hai / isakA visaMvAdI pramANa samana jaina-vAr3amaya maiM kahIM bhI nahIM hai| isalie* sAmaJaphalasutta kA yaha ullekha ki thAmaNya kA phala pUchane para 'bhagavAn mahAvIra ne cAturyAma-saMvara kA vyAkaraNa kiyA' 2-kAlpanika sA lagatA hai| buddha kA prakarSa aura zeSa tIrthaGkaroM va tIrthikoM kA apakarSa dikhAne ke lie bauddha bhikSaoM ne eka viziSTa zailI apanAI thii| piTakoM meM sthAna-sthAna para vaha dekhane ko milatI hai| isIlie usa zailI para AdhArita saMvAdoM kI yathArthatA kI dRSTi se bahuta mahatva nahIM diyA jA sktaa| jaina AgamakAroM ko zailI isase bhinna hai| pahalI bAta to yaha hai ki unhoMne anya tIrthikoM ke siddhAnta kA ullekha kiyA, kintu usake pravartaka yA prarUpaka kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| isase usakA mUla DhU~Dhane meM kaThinAI avazya hotI hai, para unake apakarSa-pradarzana kA prasaMga nahIM aataa| dUsarI bAta-bhagavAn mahAvIra kA prakarSa aura anya tIthikoM kA apakarpa dikhalAne vAlI zelI AgamakAroM ne nahIM apnaaii| tIsarI bAta-bauddha-bhikSuoM ne piTakoM ko jo sAhityika rUpa diyA, vaha jaina-sAdhuoM ne AgamoM ko nahIM diyaa| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki piTakoM ko sAhityika rUpa milA, usase ve bahuta sarasa aura manorama bana gae / Agama utane sarasa nahIM bana paae| Agama vIra-nirvANa kI sahasrAbdI ke pazcAt likhe gae aura piTaka buddha-nirvANa ke pA~ca sau varSa bAda / phira bhI donoM kA niSpakSa adhyayana karane vAlA vyakti isI niSkarSa para pahuMce binA nahIM rahatA ki piTakoM meM jitanA mizraNa aura parivartana huA hai, utanA AgamoM meM nahIM huaa| uttarAdhyayana meM cAra vAdoM kA ullekha hai-(1) kriyAvAda, (2) akriyAvAda, (3) vinayavAda aura (4) ajJAnavAda / / ina cAroM meM vibhinna abhyupagama-siddhAntoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai, isIlie 1-sthAnAMga, 5 // 1 // 395 / 2-dIghanikAya (paDhamo bhAgo), sAmaJaphalaMsuttaM, pR0 50 : nigaNTho nAtaputto sandiTTikaM sAmaJaphalaM puTTho samAno cAtuyAmasaMvaraM byaakaasi| 3-majhima nikAya, 2 / 1 / 6 upAli-suttanta ; 2 / 1 / 8 abhayarAjakumAra-suttanta / 4-uttarAdhyayana, 18 / 23 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 5 2-jena dharma aura kSatriya sUtrakRtAMga meM inheM 'samavasaraNa' kahA gayA hai / ' sUtrakRtAMga ke niyuktikAra ne ina samavasaraNoM meM samAhRta hone vAle matavAdoM kI saMkhyA tIna sau tiresaTha batAI hai| kriyAvAdI matavAda- 180 akriyAvAdI matavAda----- 84 vinayavAdI matavAda-- 32 ajJAnavAdI matavAda...-- G JA 263 ina saba matavAdoM aura unake AcAryo ke nAma prApta nahIM haiM, kintu jainoM ke prakIrNagrantha aura bauddha evaM vaidika-sAhitya ke saMdarbha meM inake kucha nAmoM kA patA lagAyA jA sakatA hai| . 2-jaina dharma aura kSatriya jaina darzana kriyAvAdI hai| isa vicAradhArA ne bahuta vyaktiyoM ko prabhAvita kiyA thaa| utarAdhyayana meM una vyaktiyoM kI eka lambo tAlikA hai, jo isa kriyAvAdI vicAradhArA se prabhAvita hokara zramaNa bane the| kSatriya rAjA. brAhmaNa (1) videharAja nami (a06) (1) bhRgu (a014) (2) iSukAra (a014) (2) yazA (a014) (3) kamalAvatI rAnI (a014) (3) do bhRgu putra (a014) (4) saMjaya (a018) (4) gautama (a024) (5) eka kSatriya (a018) (5) jayaghoSa (a025) (6) gaddamAli (a018) (6) vijayaghoSa (a025) (7) bharata cakravartI (a018) (7) garga (a027) 1-sUtrakRAtAMga, 1 / 12 / 1 / 2-vahIM, niyukti, gAthA 116 : asiyasayaM kiriyANaM akkiriyANaM ca hoi culsiitii| annANiyaM satahI veNaiyANaM ca battIsA // 3-(ka) SaTakhaNDAgama, khaNDa 1, bhAga 1, pustaka 2, pR0 42 / (kha) tattvArthavArtika 8 / 1, pR0 652 / (ga) dekhie-uttarAdhyayana, 18 / 23 kA ttippnn| 4-uttarAdhyayana, 18 / 33 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (8) sagara cakravartI (a018) vaizya (9) maghavA cakravartI (a018) (1) saMbhUta (a013) (10) sanatkumAra cakravartI (a018) (2) anAthI (a020) (11) zAnti cakravartI aura tIrthaGkara (a018) (3) samudrapAla (a021) (12) kunthu tIrthaGkara (a018) cANDAla (13) ara tIrthaGkara (a018) (1) harikezabala (a012) (14) mahApadma cakravartI (a018) (2) citra (a0 1.3) (15) haripeNa cakravartI (a018) (3) saMbhUta (pUrvajanma) (a013)' (16) jaya cakravartI (a018) (17) dazArNabhadra (a018) (18) karakaNDU (a018) (16) dvimukha (a018) (20) nama jit (a018) (21) udrAyaNa (a018) (22) kAzIrAja (a018) (23) vijaya (a018) (24) mahAbala (a018) (25) mRgAputra (a016) (26) ariSTanemi (a022) (27) rAjImatI (a022) (28) rathanemi (a022) (26) kezI (a023) isa tAlikA ke adhyayana se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki isa kriyAvAdI ( yA AtmavAdI ) vicAradhArA ne kSatriyoM ko adhika prabhAvita kiyA thaa| itihAsa kI yaha vicitra ghaTanA hai ki jo dhArA kSatriyoM se udbhUta huI aura sabhI jAtiyoM ko prabhAvita karato huI bhI unameM satata pravAhita rahI, vahI dhArA Age cala kara kevala vaizya-varga meM simaTa gii| samagra AgamoM ke adhyayana se hama jAna pAte haiM ki nirgrantha-saMgha meM hajAroM brAhmaNa, vaizya aura zUdra nirgrantha the| kintu unameM pracuratA kSatriyoM kI hI thii| isa prasaMga meM hameM isa viSaya para saMkSipta vivecana karanA hai ki jaina-dharma kevala vaizya-varga meM sImita kyoM huA?

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magadha khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 5 3-bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vihAra-kSetra / 65 3-bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vihAra kSetra bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vihAra-kSetra pramukhataH vartamAna bihAra, baMgAla aura uttarapradeza thaa| jaina-sAhitya meM sAr3he paccIsa dezoM ko Arya-deza kahA gayA haiArya-deza rAjadhAnI rAjagRha aMga campA baMga tAmralipti kaliMga kAMcanapura kAzI vArANasI kauzala sAketa gajapura (hastinApura) pAMcAla kAmpilya jaMgala (jAMgala) ahicchatra dvArAvatI videha. . mithilA vatsa kauzAmbI zAMDilya nandipura bhaddilapura matsya vairATa atsya (accha) varuNA dazArNa mRttikAvatI zuktimatI sindhu-sauvIra vItabhaya zUrasena mathurA bhaMgI pAvA mAsapurI kuNAla zrAvastI lADha koTivarSa kekaya zvetAMbikA 1-prajJApanA, pada 1 / saurASTra malaya cedi. varta

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rukSatra kintu bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sAdhuoM ke vihAra ke lie Arya-kSetra kI jo sImA kI, vaha ukta sImA se choTI hai---- (1) pUrva dizA meM aMga aura magadha (2) dakSiNa dizA meM kauzAmbI (3) pazcima dizA meM sthUNA-kurukSetra (4) uttara dizA meM kuNAla deza' . isa vihAra-sImA se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki jainoM kA prabhAva-kSetra mukhyata: yahI thaa| mahAvIra ke jIvana-kAla meM hI saMbhavata: jaina-dharma kA prabhAva kSetra vistRta ho gayA thaa| vihAra kI yaha sImA tIrtha-sthApanA ke kucha varSoM bAda hI kI hogii| jIvana ke uttarakAla meM bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaM avanti (ujjana) sindhu, sauvIra Adi pradezoM meM gae the| harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra bAlhIka (baikTyiA , balakha), yavana (yUnAna), gAMdhAra (Adhunika aphagAnistAna kA pUrvI bhAga), kamboja (pazcimottara sImA prAnta) meM gae the| baMgAla kI pUrvIya sImA (saMbhavataH barmI sarahada) taka bhI bhagavAn ke bihAra kI saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai / 4-videzoM meM jaina-dharma jaina-sAhitya ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabha, ariSTanemi, pAva aura mahAvIra ne anAryadezoM meM vihAra kiyA thaa| mUtrakRtAMga ke eka zloka se anArya kA artha 'bhASA-bheda' bhI phalita hotA hai|" isa artha kI chAyA meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki cAra tIrthaGkaroM ne una dezoM meM bhI vihAra kiyA, jinakI. bhASA unake mukhya vihAra-kSetra kI bhASA se bhinna thii| bhagavAn RSabha ne bahalo (bekTyiA , balakha), aDaMbaillA (aTakapradeza), yavana (yanAna), suvarNabhUmi (sumAtrA), paNhava Adi dezoM meM vihAra kiyaa| paNhava kA sambandha prAcIna pArthiyA (vartamAna IrAna kA eka bhAga) se hai yA palhava se, yaha nizcita nahIM kahA jA 1-bRhatkalpa, bhAga 3, pR0 905 / 2-harivaMzapurANa, sarga 3, zloka 5 / 3-suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya, pR0 22 / 4-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 256 / 5-sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 1 / 2 / 15 / 6-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 336-337 /

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67 khaNDa: 1, prakaraNa :5 4-videzoM meM jaina-dharma sakatA / bhagavAn ariSTanemi dakSiNApatha ke malaya deza meM gae the|' jaba dvArakA-dahana huA thA taba ariSTanemi palhava nAmaka anArya-deza meM the / 2 bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ne kuru kauzala, kAzI, sumha, avantI, puNDa, mAlava, aMga, baMga, kaliMga, pAMcAla, magadha, vidarbha, bhadra, dazArNa, saurASTra, karNATaka, koMkaNa, mevAr3a, lATa, drAvir3a, kAzmIra, kaccha, zAka, pallava, vatsa, AbhIra Adi dezoM meM vihAra kiyA thA / dakSiNa meM karNATaka, koMkaNa, pallava, drAvir3a Adi usa samaya anArya mAne jAte the| zAka bhI anArya pradeza hai| isakI pahicAna zAkya-deza yA zAkya-dvIpa se ho sakatI hai / zAkya bhUmi nepAla kI upatyakA meM hai| vahA~ bhagavAn pArzva ke anuyAyI the| bhagavAn buddha kA cAcA svayaM bhagavAn pArzva kA zrAvaka thA / zAkya-pradeza meM bhagavAn kA vihAra huA ho, yaha bahuta saMbhava hai| bhArata aura zAkya-pradeza kA bahuta prAcIna-kAla se sambandha rahA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra vajrabhUmi, sumhabhUmi, dRDhabhUmi Adi aneka anArya-pradezoM meM gae the| ve baMgAla kI pUrvIya sImA taka bhI gae the| uttara-pazcima sImA-prAnta evaM aphagAnistAna meM vipula saMkhyA meM jaina-zramaNa vihAra karate the / ___ jaina-zrAvaka samudra pAra jAte the| unakI samudra-yAtrA aura videza-vyApAra ke aneka pramANa milate haiM / laMkA meM jaina-zrAvaka the, isakA ullekha bauddha-sAhitya meM bhI milatA hai| mahAvaMza ke anusAra I0 pU0 430 meM jaba anurAdhApura basA, taba jaina-zrAvaka vahA~ vidyamAna the| vahA~ anurAdhApura ke rAjA pANDukAbhaya ne jyotiya niggaMTha ke lie ghara bnvaayaa| usI sthAna para giri nAmaka niggaMTha rahate the| rAjA pANDukAbhaya ne kumbhaNDa nigaMTha ke lie eka devAlaya banavAyA thaa|6 jaina-zramaNa bhI sudUra dezoM taka vihAra karate the| I0 pU0 25 meM pANDya rAjA ne agasTasa sIjara ke darabAra meM dUta bheje the| unake sAtha zramaNa bhI yUnAna gae the| 1-harivaMzapurANa, saga 59, zloka 112 / 2-sukhabodhA, patra 36 / 3-sakalakIrti, pAzvanAtha caritra, 15176-85 ; 23 // 17-19 / 4-aMguttaranikAya kI aTThakathA, bhAga 2, pR0 559 / / 5-(ka) janarala oNpha dI rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI, janavarI 1985 / (kha) enziyanTa jyographI oNpha inDiyA, pR0 617 / 6-mahAvaMza, pariccheda 10, pR0 55 / 7-iMDiyana hisTorIkala kvATI, bhAga 2, pR0 293 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jI0 epha0 mUra ke anusAra IsA se pUrva IrAka, zAma aura philistIna meM jaina-muni aura bauddha bhikSu saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM cAroM ora phaile hue the| pazcimI eziyA, mizra, yUnAna aura ithiyopiyA ke pahAr3oM aura jaMgaloM meM una dinoM agaNita bhAratIya-sAdhu rahate the, jo apane tyAga aura apanI vidyA ke lie prasiddha the| ye sAdhu vastroM taka kA parityAga kie hue the|' islAma-dharma ke kalandarI tabake para jaina-dharma kA kAphI prabhAva par3A thaa| kalandara cAra niyamoM kA pAlana karate the - sAdhutA, zuddhatA, satyatA aura daridratA / ve ahiMsA para akhaNDa vizvAsa rakhate the|2 ___yUnAnI lekhaka misra, ebIsIniyA, ithyUpiyA meM digambara-muniyoM kA astitva batAte haiM / __Ardra deza kA rAjakumAra Ardra bhagavAn mahAvIra ke saMgha meM pravajita huA thaa| arabistAna ke dakSiNa meM 'eDana' baMdara vAle pradeza ko 'Adra-deza' kahA jAtA thaa|" kucha vidvAn iTalI ke eDiyATika samudra ke kinAre vAle pradeza ko Adra-deza mAnate haiN|6|| bebIloniyA meM jaina-dharma kA pracAra bauddha-dharma kA prasAra hone se pahale hI ho cukA thaa| isakI sUcanA bAveru-jAtaka se milatI hai| ina-ana najIma ke anusAra araboM ke zAsana-kAla meM yahiyA ibna khAlida baramakI ne khalIphA ke darabAra aura bhArata ke sAtha atyanta gaharA sambandha sthApita kiyaa| usane bar3e adhyavasAya aura Adara ke sAtha bhArata ke hindU, bauddha aura jaina vidvAnoM ko nimaMtrita kiyaa| ___ isa prakAra madhya eziyA meM jaina-dharma yA zramaNa-saMskRti kA kAphI prabhAva rahA thaa| usase vahA~ ke dharma prabhAvita hue the / vAnakremara ke anusAra madhya-pUrva meM pracalita 'samAniyA' sampradAya 'zramaNa' zabda kA apabhraMza hai| . 1-hukamacanda abhinandana grantha, pR0 374 / 2-vahI, pR0 374 / 3-eziyATika risarceja, bhAga 3, pR0 6 / 4-sUtrakRtAMga, 216 / 5-prAcIna bhAratavarSa, prathama bhAga, pR0 265 / 6-vahI, prathama bhAga, pR0 265 / 7-bAveru jAtaka, (saM0 336), jAtaka khaNDa 3, pR0 289-291 / 8-hukamacanda abhinandana grantha, pR0 375 / 9-vahI, pR0 374 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 5 4-videzoM meM jaina-dharma 66 zrI vizvambhanAtha pANDe ne likhA hai-"ina sAdhuoM ke tyAga kA prabhAva yahUdI dharmAvalambiyoM para vizeSa rUpa se pdd'aa| ina AdarzoM kA pAlana karane vAloM ko, yahUdiyoM meM, eka khAsa jamAta bana gaI, jo 'aissinI' kahalAtI thii| ina logoM ne yahUdI-dharma ke karma-kANDoM kA pAlana tyAga diyaa| ye bastI se dUra jaMgaloM meM yA pahAr3oM para kuTI banA kara rahate the| jaina-muniyoM kI taraha ahiMsA ko apanA khAsa dharma mAnate the| mAMsa khAne se unheM behada paraheja thA / ve kaThora aura saMyamI jIvana vyatIta karate the / paisA yA dhana ko chUne taka se inkAra karate the| rogiyoM aura durbaloM kI sahAyatA ko dina-caryA kA Avazyaka aGga mAnate the| prema aura sevA ko pUjA-pATha se bar3ha kara mAnate the / pazu-bali kA tIvra virodha karate the| zArIrika parizrama se hI jIvana-yApana karate the| aparigraha ke siddhAnta para vizvAsa karate the / samasta sampatti ko samAja kI sampatti samajhate the| misra meM inhIM tapasviyoM ko 'therApUte' kahA jAtA thaa| 'therApUte' kA artha 'maunI aparigrahI' hai|" ___ kAlakAcArya suvarNabhUmi (sumAtrA) meM gae the| unake praziSya zramaNa sAgara apane gaNasahita vahA~ pahale hI vidyamAna the| ___kauMcadvIpa, siMhaladvIpa ( laMkA ) aura haMsadvIpa meM bhagavAn sumatinAtha kI pAdukAe~ thiiN| pArakara deza aura kAsahada meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI pratimA thii|" Upara ke saMkSipta vivaraNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki jaina-dharma kA prasAra hindustAna se bAhara ke dezoM meM bhI huA thaa| uttaravartI zramaNoM kI upekSA va anyAnya paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa vaha sthAyI nahIM raha skaa| 1-hukamacanda abhinandana grantha, pR0 374 / 2-(ka) uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 120 / (kha) vahI, bRhadvRtti, patra 127-128 / (ga) vahI, cUrNi, pR0 83-84 / (gha). vahI, vRtti (sukhabodhA), pR0 50 / (Ga) bRhatkalpa, bhAjya, bhAga 1, pR0 73,74 / (ca) nizItha cUrNi, uddezaka 10 / 3-karnala vilpharDa ke anusAra krauMcadvIpa kA sambandha bAlTika samudra ke pAzvavartI pradeza se hai ( eziyATika risarceja, khaNDa 11, pR0 14) / svargIya rAjavAr3e ke matAnusAra ghRta samudra ke pazcima meM krauMcadvIpa thaa| jisa pradeza meM vartamAna samarakanda tathA bukhArA zahara base hue haiM, vaha pradeza vAstava meM 'krauMcadvIpa' kahalAtA thaa| 4-vividhatIrthakalpa, pR0 85 /

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100 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 5-jaina-dharma-hindustAna ke vividha aMcaloM meM vihAra - bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM unakA dharma prajA ke atirikta aneka rAjAoM dvArA bhI svIkRta thaa| vRjjiyoM ke zaktizAlI gaNataMtra ke pramukha rAjA ceTaka bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zrAvaka the| ve pahale se hI jaina the| ve bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA ko mAnya karate the / ' vRjjI gaNataMtra kI rAjadhAnI 'vaizAlI' thii| vahA~ jaina-dharma bahuta prabhAvazAlI thaa| magadha samrATa zreNika prArambha meM buddha kA anuyAyI thaa| anAthI muni ke samparka meM Ane ke pazcAt vaha nimrantha dharma kA anuyAyI ho gayA thaa| isakA vizada varNana uttarAdhyayana ke bIsaveM adhyayana meM hai| zreNika kI rAnI cellaNA ceTaka kI putrI thii| yaha zreNika ko nirgrantha-dharma kA anuyAyI banAne kA satata prayatna karatI thI aura anta meM usakA prayatna saphala ho gyaa| magadha meM bhI jaina-dharma prabhAvazAlI thaa| zreNika kA putra kUNika bhI jaina thA / jaina-AgamoM meM mahAvIra aura kUNika ke aneka prasaMga haiN| magadha zAsaka zizanAga-vaMza ke bAda nanda-vaMza kA prabhutva bddh'aa| prasiddha itihAsajJa rAyacaudharI ke anusAra nanda-vaMza kA rAjya bambaI ke sudUra dakSiNa godAvarI taka phailA huA thaa| usa samaya magadha aura kaliMga meM jaina-dharma kA prabhutva thA hI, parantu anyAnya pradezoM meM bhI usakA prabhutva bar3ha rahA thaa| DaoN. rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ke anusAra "jaina-granthoM ko bhI nau nandoM kA paricaya hai ( Avazyaka sUtra, pR0 663---navame nande ) / unameM bhI nanda ko vezyA ke garbha se utpanna 'nApita-putra' kahA hai ( vahI, pR0 860-nApitadAsa'''rAjA jAtaH) parantu udAyi aura nau nandoM ke bIca ke rAjA unroMne chor3a diye| saMbhavataH unheM nagaNya samajhakara nahIM liyaa| _ "jaina-dharma ke prati nandoM ke jhukAva kA kAraNa saMbhavataH usakI jAti thii| pahale naMda ko chor3akara aura naMdoM ke viruddha jaina-granthoM meM kucha nahIM kahA hai| naMda rAjAoM ke maMtrI 1-upadezamAlA, gAthA 92 : vesAlIe purIe siripAsa jinnessaasnnsnnaaho| hehayakulasaMbhUo ceDaganAmA nivo Asi // 2-dIghanikAyo (paDhamo bhAgo), pR0 135 : samaNaM khalu bho gotama rAjA mAgadho seniyo bimbisAro saputto sabhAriyo sapariso sAmacco pANehi saraNaM gto| 3-sTaDIja ina inDiyana enTIkvITIja, pR0 215 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 5 5-jaina-dharma-hindustAna ke vividha aMcaloM meM 101 jaina the| unameM pahalA kalpaka thA jise balAt yaha pada saMbhAlanA pdd'aa| kahA jAtA hai ki isI maMtrI kI vizeSa sahAyatA pA kara samrAT naMda ne tulyakAlIna kSatriya-vaMzoM ke anta karane ke lie apanI sainika vijaya kI yojanA kii| uttarakAlIna nandoM ke maMtrI usI ke vaMzaja the (vahI, 661-3) / nau naMda kA maMtrI zakaTAla thaa| usake do putra the-sthalabhadra aura zrIyaka / pitA kI mRtyu ke bAda sthUlabhadra ko maMtri-pada diyA gayA, para usane svIkAra nahIM kiyA / vaha chaThe jina se dIkSA lekara sAdhu ho gayA ( vahI, 435-6 ; 663-5 ), taba vaha pada usake bhAI zrIyaka ko diyA gyaa| "naMdoM para jenoM ke prabhAva kI anuzruti ko bAda ke saMskRta nATaka 'mudrArAkSasa' meM bhI mAnA gayA hai| vahA~ cANakya ne eka jaina ko hI apanA pradhAna guptacara cunA hai| nATaka kI sAmAjika pRSTha-bhUmi para bhI kucha aMza meM jaina-prabhAva hai| ___"khAravela ke hAthIguMphA lekha se kaliMga para nanda kI prabhutA jJAta hotI hai| eka vAkya meM use 'nanda rAjA' kahA gayA hai jisane eka praNAlI yA nahara banAI thI, jo 300 varSa (yA 103 ? ) varSoM taka kAma meM na AI / taba apane rAjya ke pA~cave varSa meM khAravela use apane nagara meM laayaa| dUsare vAkya meM kahA gayA hai ki nanda rAjA prathama jinakI mUrti (yA pAdukA), jo kaliMga rAjAmoM ke yahA~ vaMza-paramparA se calI A rahI thI, vijaya ke cihna rUpa magadha uThA le gyaa|" nanda-vaMza ko samApti huI aura magadha kI sAmrAjyazrI maurya-vaMza ke hAtha meM aaii| usakA pahalA samrATa candragupta thaa| usane uttara bhArata meM jaina dharma kA bahuta vistAra kiyaa| pUrva aura pazcima bhI usase kAphI prabhAvita hue| samrATa candragupta apane aMtima jIvana meM muni bane aura zrutakevalo bhadrabAhu ke sAtha dakSiNa meM gae the| candragupta ke putra bindusAra aura unake putra azokazrI (samrATa azoka) hue| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki ve prArambha meM jaina the, apane paramparAgata dharma ke anuyAyo the aura bAda meM bauddha ho ge| ___ kucha vidvAn aisA mAnate haiM ki ve anta taka jaina hI the| pro0 karna ke anusAra ."ahiMsA ke viSaya meM azoka ke niyama bauddha-siddhAntoM kI apekSA jaina-siddhAntoM se adhika milate haiN|"3. 1-hindU sabhyatA, pR0 264-265 / 2-alI phaitha oNpha azoka (thaoNmasa) pR0 31-32,34 / 3-. Indian Antiquery, Vol. V, page 205. His (Ashoka's) ordinances concerning the sparing of animal life agree much more closely with the idieas of historical Jainas then those of the Buddhists.

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102 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana azoka ke uttarAdhikArI unake pautra samprati the| kucha itihAsajJa unakA uttarAdhikArI unake putra kuNAla (samprati ke pitA) ko hI mAnate haiM / jinaprabha sUri ke anusAra maurya-vaMza kI rAjyAvali kA krama isa prakAra hai (1) candragupta / (2) bindusaar| (3) ashokshrii| (4) kuNAla / (5) samprati / kintu kucha jaina lekhakoM ke anusAra kuNAla andhA ho gayA thA, isalie usane apane putra samprati ke lie hI samrATa azoka se rAjya mA~gA thA / samrATa samprati ko 'parama Arhat' kahA gayA hai| unhoMne anArya-dezoM meM zramaNoM kA vihAra karavAyA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM vihAra ke lie jo Arya-kSetra kI sImA thI, vaha samprati ke kAla meM bahuta vistRta ho gaI thii| sADhe paccIsa dezoM ko Arya-kSetra mAnane kI bAta bhI sambhavataH samprati ke bAda hI sthira huI hogii| ___samrATa samprati ko bharata ke tIna khaNDoM kA adhipati kahA gayA hai| jayacandra vidyAlaMkAra ne likhA hai-"samprati ko ujjaina meM jaina AcArya suhastI ne apane dharma kI dIkSA dii| usake bAda samprati ne jaina-dharma ke lie vahI kAma kiyA jo azoka ne bauddha-dharma ke lie kiyA thaa| cAhe candragupta ke aura cAhe samprati ke samaya meM jaina-dharma kI buniyAda tAmila bhArata ke nae rAjyoM meM bhI jA jamI, isameM saMdeha nhiiN| uttarapazcima ke anArya-dezoM meM bhI samprati ke samaya jaina-pracAraka bheje aura vahA~ jaina-sAdhuoM ke lie aneka vihAra sthApita kie ge| azoka aura samprati donoM ke kArya se Arya 1-bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA, jilda 2, pR0 696 : 2-vividhatIrthakalpa, pR0 69 / / tatraiva ca cANikyaH sacivo nandaM samUlamunmUlya mauryavaMzyaM zrIcandraguptaM nyavIzadvizAMpatitve / tavaMze tu bindusAro'zokazrI:kuNAlastatsUnustrikhaNDabhAratAdhipaH paramAhato'nAryadezeSvapi pravartitazramaNavihAraH sampratimahArAjazcAbhavat // 3-vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, pR0 276 / 4-vividhatIrthakalpa, pR0 69 / 5-bRhatkalpa bhASya vRtti, bhAga 3, pR0 907 : 'tataH paraM' bahirdezeSu api sampratinRpatikAlAdArabhya yatra jJAna-darzana cAritrANi 'utsarpanti' sphAtimAsAdayanti tatra viharttavyam /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 5 5-jaina-dharma-hindustAna ke vividha aMcaloM meM 103 saMskRti eka vizva-zakti bana gaI aura AryAvarta kA prabhAva bhAratavarSa kI sImAoM ke bAhara taka pahu~ca gyaa| azoka kI taraha usake pautra ne bhI aneka imArateM bnvaaii| rAjapUtAnA kI kaI jaina racanAe~ usake samaya kI kahI jAtI haiN| kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki jo zilA-lekha azoka ke nAma se prasiddha haiM, ve samrATa samprati ne likhavAe the| suprasiddha jyotirvid zrI sUryanArAyaNa vyAsa ne eka bahuta khojapUrNa lekha dvArA yaha pramANita kiyA hai ki samrATa azoka ke nAma ke lekha samrAT samprati ke haiN|' samrATa azoka ne zilA-lekha likhavAe hoM aura unhIM ke pautra tathA unhoM ke samAna dharma-pracAra-premI samrATa samprati ne zilA-lekha na likhavAe hoM, yaha kalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| eka bAra phira sUkSma-dRSTi se adhyayana karane kI AvazyakatA hai ki azoka ke nAma se prasiddha zilA-lekhoM meM kitane azoka ke haiM aura kitane samprati ke ? baMgAla rAjanItika dRSTi se prAcIna-kAla meM baMgAla kA bhAgya magadha ke sAtha jur3A huA thaa| nandoM aura mauryoM ne gaMgA kI usa nIcalI ghATI para apanA svatva banAe rkhaa| kuSANoM ke samaya meM baMgAla unake zAsana se bAhara rahA, parantu guptoM ne usa para apanA adhikAra phira sthApita kiyaa| gupta sAmrAjya ke patana ke pazcAt baMgAla meM choTe choTe aneka rAjya uTha khar3e hue| - muni kalyANavijayajI ke anusAra prAcIna-kAla meM baMga zabda se dakSiNa baMgAla kA hI bodha hotA thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI 'tAmralipti' thI, jo Aja kala tAmaluka nAma se prasiddha hai| bAda meM dhIre-dhIre baMgAla kI sImA bar3hI aura vaha pA~ca bhAgoM meM bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se pahicAnA jAne lagA-baMga ( pUrvI baMgAla ), samataTa ( dakSiNI baMgAla ), rADha athavA karNa suvarNa ( pazcimI baMgAla ), puNDra ( uttarI baMgAla ), kAmarUpa ( AsAma ) / " bhagavAn mahAvIra vajrabhUmi ( vIra bhUmi ) meM gae the| usa samaya vaha anArya pradeza kahalAtA thaa| usase pUrva baMgAla meM bhagavAn pArzva kA dharma hI pracalita thaa| vahA~ bauddhadharma kA pracAra jana-dharma ke bAda meM huaa| vaidika-dharma kA praveza to vahA~ bahuta bAda meM 1-bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA, jilda 2, pR0 696-697 / 2-jaina itihAsa kI pUrva pIThikA aura hamArA abhyutthAna, pR0 66 / 3-nAgarI prcaarinnii| 4-prAcIna bhArata kA itihAsa, pR0 265 / 5-zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra, pR0 386 !

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104 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana huA thaa| I0 sa0 686 meM rAjA AdisUra ne naitika dharma ke pracAra ke lie pA~ca brAhmaNa nimantrita kie the| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAtaveM paTTadhara zrI zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu pauNDvardhana (uttarI baMgAla) ke pramukha nagara koTTapura ke somazarma purohita ke putra the / unake ziSya sthavira godAsa se godAsa-gaNa kA pravartana huaa| usako cAra zAkhAe~ thIM (1) taamlittiyaa| (2) koddivrisiyaa| (3) puMDavaddhaNiyA ( poNddvddhnniyaa)| (4) dAsIkhabbaDiyA / tAmalittiyA kA sambandha baMgAla kI mukhya rAjadhAnI tAmraliptI se hai| koDivarisiyA kA sambandha rADha kI rAjadhAnI koTivarSa se hai| poMDavaddhaNiyA kA sambandha pauMDa-uttarI baMgAla se hai| dAsI khabvaDiyA kA sambandha kharavaTa se hai| ina cAroM baMgAlI zAkhAoM se baMgAla meM jaina-dharma ke sArvajanika prasAra kI samyaka jAnakArI milatI hai| ___ zAntiniketana ke upakulapati AcArya kSitimohana sena ne 'baMgAla aura jaina-dharma' zIrSaka lekha meM likhA hai- "bhAratavarSa ke uttara-pUrva pradezoM arthAt aMga, baMga, kaliMga, magadha, kAkaTa (mithilA) Adi meM vaidika-dharma kA prabhAva kama tathA tIrthika prabhAva adhika thA / phalataH zruti, smRti Adi zAstroM meM yaha pradeza niMdA ke pAtra ke rUpa meM ullikhita thA / isI prakAra usa pradeza meM tIrtha yAtrA karane se prAyazcitta karanA par3atA thaa| ___ zruti aura smRti ke zAsana se bAhara par3a jAne ke kAraNa isa pUrvI aMcala meM prema, maMtrI aura svAdhIna cintA ke lie bahuta avakAza prApta ho gayA thaa| isI deza meM mahAvIra, buddha, AjIdaka dharma guru ityAdi aneka mahApuruSoM ne janma liyA aura isI pradeza meM jaina, bauddha prabhRti aneka mahAn dharmoM kA udaya tathA vikAsa huaa| jaina aura bauddha-dharma 1-baMgalA bhASAra itihAsa, pR027: AsIt purA mahArAja, AdizUraH pratApavAn / AnItavAn dvijAn paMca, paMcagotrasamudbhavAn // 2-bhadrabAhu caritra, 1122.48 / / 3-paTTAvalI samuccaya, prathama bhAga, pR0 3,4 / therehinto goDhAsehiMto kAsavaguttehiMto itthaM NaM godAsagaNe nAmaM gaNe nigae, tassa NaM imAo cattArI sAhAo evamAhijaMti, taMjahA-tAmalittiyA 1, koDivarisiyA 2, puMDavaddhaNiyA (poMDavaddhaNiyA) 3, dAsIkhabbaDiyA 4 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 5 5-jaina-dharma hindustAna ke vividha aMcaloM meM 105 yadyapi magadha meM hI utpanna hue tathApi inakA pracAra aura vilakSaNa prasAra baMga deza meM hI huaa| isa dRSTi se baMgAla aura magadha eka hI sthala para abhiSikta mAne jA sakate haiN| "baMgAla meM kabhI bauddha-dharma ko bAr3ha AI thI, kintu usase pUrva yahA~ jaina-dharma kA hI vizeSa prasAra thaa| hamAre prAcIna dharma ke jo nidarzana hameM milate haiM, ve sabhI jaina haiN| isake bAda AyA bauddha-yuga / vaidika-dharma ke punarutthAna kI lahareM bhI yahA~ Akara TakarAI, kintu isa matavAda meM bhI kaTTara kumArilabhaTTa ko sthAna nahIM milaa| isa pradeza meM vaidika mata ke antargata prabhAkara ko hI pradhAnatA milI aura prabhAkara the svAdhIna vicAradhArA ke poSaka tayA smrthk| jainoM ke tIrthaGkaroM ke pazcAt cAra zrutakevalI aae| inameM cauthe zrutakevalI the bhadrabAhu / _...ye bhadrabAhu candragupta ke guru the| unake samaya meM eka bAra bAraha varSa vyApI akAla kI sambhAvanA dikhAI dI thii| usa samaya ve eka bar3e saMgha ke sAtha baMgAla ko chor3a kara dakSiga cale gae aura phira vahIM raha ge| vahIM unhoMne deha tyAgI / dakSiNa kA yaha prasiddha jaina-mahAtIrtha 'zravaNabelagolA' ke nAma se prasiddha hai / durbhikSa ke samaya itane bar3e saMgha ko lekara deza meM rahate se gRhasyoM para bahuta bar3A bhAra par3egA, isI vicAra se bhadrabAha ne dezaparityAga kiyA thaa| "bhadrabAhu kI janmabhUmi thI bNgaal| yaha koI managaDhanta kalpanA nahIM hai| harisena kRta bRhatyA meM isakA vistRta varNana milatA hai| ratlanandI gujarAta ke nivAsI the, unhoMne bhI bhadrabAhu ke sambandha meM yahI likhA hai| tatkAlIna baMga deza kA jo varNana ratnanandI ne kiyA hai, isakI tulanA nahIM miltii| ___ "inake anusAra bhadrabAhu kA janma-sthAna puMDavardhana ke antargata koTavarSa nAma kA grAma thaa| ye donoM sthAna Aja bA~kur3A aura dinAjapura jiloM meM par3ate haiN| ina saba sthAnoM meM jaina-mata kI kitanI pratiSThA huI thI, isakA anumAna isI se lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki vahA~ se rATha ora tAmaluka taka sArA ilAkA jaina-dharma se plAvita thaa| uttara baMga, pUrva baMga, .medanopura, rATha aura mAnabhUma jile meM bahuta sI mUrtiyA~ milatI haiN| mAnabhUma ke antargata pAtakUma sthAna meM bhI jana-mUrtiyA~ milI haiM, sundara vana ke jaGgaloM meM bhI dharatI ke nIce se kaI mUrtiyA~ saMgrahIta kI gaI haiM / bA~kur3A jilA ko sarAka jAti usa samaya jaina-zrAvaka zabda ke dvArA paricita thii| isa prakAra baMgAla kisI samaya jaina-dharma kA eka pradhAna kSetra thaa| jaba bauddha-dharma AyA, taba usa yuga ke anekoM paNDitoM ne use jaina-dharma kI eka zAkhA ke rUpa meM hI grahaNa kiyA thaa| ____"ina jaina sAdhuoM ke aneka saMgha aura gaccha haiN| inheM hama sAdhaka-sampradAya yA maNDalI kaha sakate haiN| baMgAla meM isa prakAra kI aneka maNDaliyA~ thiiN| puNDravardhana aura koTivarSa

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana eka-dUsare ke nikaTa hI hai, kintu vahA~ bhI puMDavardhanIya aura koTivarSIya nAma ko do svataMtra zAkhAeM pracalita thiiN| tAmralipti meM tAmralipti-zAkhA kA pracAra thaa| kharavaTa bhU-bhAga meM kharavaTiyA-zAkhA kA pracAra thaa| isa prakAra aura bhI bahuta sI zAkhAe~ pallavita huI thIM, jinake AdhAra para hama kaha sakate haiM ki baMgAla jainoM kI eka prAcIna bhUmi hai / yahIM jainoM ke prathama zAstra-racayitA bhadrabAhu kA udaya huA thaa| yahA~ kI dharatI ke nIce aneka jaina-mUrtiyA~ chipI huI haiM aura dharatI ke kAra aneka jaina-dharmAvalambI Aja bhI nivAsa karate haiN|" ur3IsA I0 pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI meM ur3IsA meM jaina-dharma bahuta prabhAvazAlI thaa| samrATa khAravela kA udayagiri parvata para hAyoguMphA kA zilAlekha isakA svayaM pramANa hai / lekha kA prArambha-'namo arahaMtAnaM, namo sava-sidhAnaM'-isa vAkya se hotA hai / uttara pradeza bhagavAn pArzva vArANasI ke the| kAzI aura kauzala-ye donoM rAjya unake dharmopadeza se bahuta prabhAvita the| vArANasI kA alakSya rAjA bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pravajita huA thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM pravajita hone vAle rAjAoM kI sUcI meM kAzIrAja ke pravajita hone kA ullekha hai, kintu unakA nAma yahA~ prApta nahIM hai| sthAnAMga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa pravajita ATha rAjAoM ke nAma ye haiM (1) vIrAGgaka, (2) vIrayazA, (3) saMjaya, (4) aiNeyaka (pradezI kA sAmanta rAjA), (5) seya (AtmakaSyA kA svAmI), (6) ziva (hastinApura kA rAjA), (7) udrAyaNa (sindhu-sauvIra kA rAjA) aura (8) zaMkha (kaashiivrdhn)|3 inameM zaMkha ko 'kAzI kA bar3hAne vAlA' kahA hai| saMbhava hai uttarAdhyayana meM yahI kAzIrAja ke nAma se ullikhita hoN| vipAka ke anusAra kAzIrAja alaka bhagavAn 1-jaina bhAratI, 10 apraila 1955, pR0 264 / 2-prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 26-28 / 3-sthAnAMga, 8.621 /

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khaNDa : 1 prakaraNa : 5 5-jaina-dharma hindustAna ke vividha aMcaloM meM -107 mahAvIra ke pAsa pravrajita hue the| saMbhava hai ye saba eka hI vyakti ke aneka nAma hoN| isa prakAra aura bhI aneka rAjA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa pravajita hue| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke bAda mathurA jaina-dharma kA pramukha aMga bana gayA thaa| mathurA ___ DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukarjI ne ujjaina ke bAda dUsarA kendra mathurA ko mAnA hai| unhoMne likhA hai-"jainoM kA dUsarA kendra mathurA meM bana rahA thaa| yahA~ bahusaMkhyaka abhilekha mile haiM, aura phUlate-phalate jaina-saMgha ke astitva kA prabhAva milatA hai| isa saMgha meM mahAvIra aura unake pUrvavartI jinoM kI mUrtiyA~ aura caityoM kI sthApanA dAna dvArA kI gaI thii| unase yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki mathurA-saMgha saSTa rUpa se zvetAmbara thA aura choTe-choTe gaga, kula aura zAkhAoM meM ba~TA huA thaa| inameM sabase purAnA lekha kaniSka ke haveM varSa ( lagabhaga 87 I0 ) kA hai aura isameM koTika gaNa ke AcArya nAganandI kI preraNA se jaina-upAsikA vikaTA dvArA mUrti kI pratiSThA kA ullekha hai / sthavirAvalI ke anusAra isa gaNa kI sthApanA sthavira susthita ne kI thI jo mahAvIra ke 313 varSa bAda arthAt 154 I0 pUrva meM gata hue| isa prakAra isa lekha se zvetAmbarasampradAya kI prAcInatA dvitIya zatI I0 pU0 taka jAtI hai| mathurA ke kucha lekhoM meM bhikSuNiyoM kA bhI ullekha hai| isase bhI zvetAmbaroM kA sambandha sUcita hotA hai, kyoMki ve hI striyoM ko saMgha-praveza kA adhikAra dete haiN|"2 DaoN. vAsudeva upAdhyAya ke anasAra-."IsavI sana ke prArambha se matharA ke samIpa isa mata kA adhika pracAra huA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki kaMkAlI TIle kI khudAI se aneka tIrthaGkara pratimAe~ prApta huI haiN| una para dAnakartA kA nAma bhI ullikhita hai / vahA~ ke AyAgapaTTa para bhI abhilekha utkIrNa hai, jisameM varNana hai ki amohinI ne pUjA nimitta ise dAna meM diyA thA amohiniye sahA putrehi pAlaghoSena poTaghoSena / - dhanaghoSena AryavatI (AyAgapaTTa) pratithApitA // "vaha lekha 'namo arahato vardhamAnasa' jaina-mata se usakA sambandha ghoSita karatA hai|" DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agnavAla ne mathurA ke eka stUpa, jo jaina-AcAryoM dvArA sudura atIta meM nirmita mAnA jAtA thA, kI prAcInatA kA samarthana kiyA hai| unhoMne likhA hai-"tibbata ke vidvAn bauddha-itihAsa ke lekhaka tArAnAtha ne azoka-kAlIna zilpa ke 1-tIrthaGkara mahAvIra, bhAga 2, pR0 505-664 / 2-hindU sabhyatA, pR0 235 / 3-prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, pR0 124 /

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108 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nirmAtAoM ko 'yakSa' kahA hai aura likhA hai ki mauryakAlIna zilpakalA yakSakalA thii| usase pUrva yuga kI kalA deva nirmita samajhI jAtI thii| ataeva 'deva nirmita' zabda ko yaha dhvani svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai ki mathurA kA 'deva nimita' jaina-stUpa maurya-kAla se bhI pahale lagabhaga pA~cavIM yA chaThI zatAbdI IsavI pUrva meM banA hogA / jaina vidvAn jinaprabha sUri ne apane vividhatIrthakalpa grantha meM mathurA ke isa prAcIna stUpa ke nirmANa aura jIrNoddhAra kI paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai| usake anusAra yaha mAnA jAtA thA ki mathurA kA yaha stUpa Adi meM suvarNamaya thA / use kuberA nAma kI devI ne sAtaveM tIrthaGkara supArzva kI smRti meM banavAyA thaa| kAlAntara meM teIsaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke samaya meM isakA nirmANa iMToM se kiyA gyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI sambodhi ke teraha sau varSa bAda vappamaha sUri ne isakA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| isa ullekha se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki mathurA ke sAtha jaina-dharma kA sambandha supArzva tIrthaGkara ke samaya meM hI ho gayA thA aura jaina loga use apanA tIrtha mAnane lage the| pahale yaha stUpa kevala miTTI kA rahA hogA, jaisA ki mauryakAla se pahale ke bauddha-stUpa bhI huA karate the| usI prakAra stUpa kA jaba pahalA jIrNoddhAra huA taba usa para IToM kA AcchAdana car3hAyA gyaa| jaina-paramparA ke anusAra yaha parivartana mahAvIra ke bhI janma ke pahale tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha ke samaya ho cukA thaa| isameM koI atyukti nahIM jAna pdd'tii| usI iSTikA nirmita stUpa kA dUsarA jIrNoddhAra lagabhaga zuMgakAla meM dUsarI zatI I0 pU0 meM kiyA gyaa| isa vivaraNa se DaoN0 vAsudeva upAdhyAya kA yaha abhimata ki 'I0 pU0 ke Arambha se mathurA ke samIpa isa mata kA adhika prasAra huA thA' bahuta mUlyavAn nahIM rhtaa| uttara pradeza meM prApta purAtattva aura zilAlekhoM ke AdhAra se bhI jaina-dharma ke vyApaka prasAra kI jAnakArI milatI hai| "IsavI san ke Arambha se jaina pratimA ke AdhAra-zilA para ( bauddha pratimA kI taraha ) lekha utkIrNa milate haiN| lakhanaU ke saMgrahAlaya meM aisI aneka tIrthaGkara kI mUrtiyA~ surakSita haiM, jinake prastara para kaniSka ke 76 yA 84veM varSa kA lekha utkIrNa hai / gupta-yuga meM bhI isa taraha kI pratimAoM kA abhAva na thA, jinake AdhAra-zilA para lekha utkIrNa haiN| dhyAna mudrA meM baiThI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI aisI mUrti mathurA se prApta huI hai| gu0 sa0 133 ( I0 sa0 423) ke mathurA vAle lekha meM hari svAminI dvArA jaina pratimA ke dAna kA varNana milatA hai / skandagupta ke zAsana-kAla meM bhadra nAmaka vyakti dvArA AdikartRna kI pratimA ke sAtha eka stambha kA varNana kahoma (gorakhapura, uttara pradeza) ke lekha meM hai zreyo'rtha bhUtabhUtyai pathi niyamavatAmahatAmadikartRn / 1-mahAvIra jayantI smArikA, apraila 1962, pR0 17-18 / .

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 5 5-jaina-dharma hindustAna ke vividha aMcaloM meM 106 pahAr3apura ke lekha (gu0 sa0 156) meM jana vihAra meM tIrthaGkara kI pUjA nimitta bhUmidAna kA vivaraNa hai, jisakI Aya gaMdha, dhUpa, dIpa, naivedya ke lie vyaya kI jAtI thI vihAre bhagavatAM arhatAM gaMdhadhUpasumanadIpAdyartham / / IsA kI cauthI zatAbdI meM AcArya skandila ke netRtva meM 'mathurA' meM jaina-AgamoM kI dvitIya vAcanA huI thii|2 campA ___ kauzAmbI kI rAjadhAnI cammA bhI jaina-dharma kA pramukha kendra thI / zrutakevalI zayyaMbhava ne dazavakAlika kI racanA vahIM kI thii| rAjasthAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt marusthala ( vartamAna rAjasthAna ) meM jaina-dharma kA prabhAva bar3ha gayA thaa| paMDita gaurIzaMkara ojhA ko ajamera ke pAsa vaDalI grAma meM eka bahuta prAcIna zilAlekha milA thaa| vaha vIra nirvANa samvat 84 (I0 pU0 443) meM likhA huA thA vIrAya bhagavata, catturasIti vase, mAmAmike... AcArya ratnaprabha sUri vIra nirvANa kI pahalI zatAbdI meM upakeza yA osiyA meM Ae the| unhoMne vahA~ osiyA ke savAlAkha nAgarikoM ko jaina-dharma meM dIkSita kiyA aura unheM eka jaina-jAti (osavAla) ke rUpa meM parivartita kara diyaa| yaha ghaTanA vIra nirvANa ke 70 varSa bAda ke AsapAsa kI hai| ___"pUrva madhyayuga meM rAjapUtAnA ke vistRta kSetra meM bhI jaina-mata kA paryApta pracAra thA, jisakA parijJAna aneka prazastiyoM ke adhyayana se ho jAtA hai| cahamAna lekha meM rAjA ko jaina-dharma parAyaNa kahA gayA hai tathA tIrthaGkara zAMtinAtha kI pUjA nimitta ATha drama (sikke) ke dAna kA varNana hai| tailapa nAmaka rAjA ke pitAmaha dvArA jaina maMdira ke nirmANa kA bhI varNana milatA hai ... pitAmahenatasyedaM zamIyATyAM jinAlaye kAritaM zAMtinAthasya bimbaM janamanoharam / 1-prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, pR0 125 / 2-naMdI, malaya giri vRtti, patra 51 / 3-dazavaikAlika, hAribhadrIya vRtti, patra 11 / 4-jarnala oNpha dI bihAra eNDa orissA risarca sosAiTI, I0 sa0 1930 / 5-paTTAvali samuccaya, pR0 185-186 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . vijholI zilAlekha (e0 i0 26, pR0 86 ) kA Arambha 'o namo vItarAgAya' se kiyA gayA hai, jisake pazcAt pArzvanAtha kI prArthanA milatI hai| jAlora ke lekha meM pArzvanAtha ke 'dhyaja utsava' ke lie dAna kA varNana hai zrI pArzvanAtha deve toraNAdInAM pratiSThAkAryo kRte / dhvajAropaNa pratiSThAyAM kRtAyAM (e0 i0 11, pR0 55) - mAravAr3a ke zAsaka rAjadeva ke abhilekha meM mahAvIra maMdira tathA vihAra ke nivAsI jaina-sAdhu ke lie dAna dene kA vivaraNa milatA hai zrI mahAvIra caitye sAdhu tapodhana niSThArthe / lekhoM ke AdhAra para kahA gayA hai ki rAjapUtAnA meM mahAvIra, pArzvanAtha tathA zAMtinAtha kI pUjA pracalita thii| paramAra lekha meM RSabhanAtha ke pUjA kA ullekha milatA hai aura mandira ko atIva sundara tathA pRthvI kA bhUSaNa batalAyA hai - zrI vRSabhanAtha nAmnaH pratiSThitaM bhUSaNena bimbamidaM tenAkAri manoharaM jina gRhaM bhUme ridaM bhUSaNam / " 1 paMjAba aura sindhu-sauvIra ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra ne sAdhuoM ke vihAra ke lie cAroM dizAoM kI sImA nirdhArita kI, usameM pazcimI sImA 'sthUNA' (kurukSetra) hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki paMjAba kA sthUNA taka kA bhAga jaina-dharma se prabhAvita thaa| sAr3he paccIsa Arya-dezoM kI sUcI meM bhI kuru kA nAma hai| sindhu-sauvIra sudIrgha-kAla se zramaNa-saMskRti se prabhAvita thA ! bhagavAna mahAvIra mahArAja udrAyaNa ko dIkSita karane vahA~ padhAre hI the| madhya pradeza bundelakhaNDa meM gyArahavIM aura bArahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga jaina-dharma bahuta prabhAvazAlI thA / Aja bhI vahA~ usake aneka cinha milate haiM / rASTrakUTa-nareza jaina-dharma ke anuyAyI the| unakA kalacuri-narezoM se gaharA sambandha thaa| kalacuri kI rAjadhAnI tripurA aura ratnapura meM Aja bhI aneka prAcIna jainamUrtiyA~ aura khaNDahara prApta haiN| 1-prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, pR0 125 / 2-khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava, 164, 229 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 5 -jaina-dharma hindustAna ke vividha aMcaloM meM 111 candela rAjya ke pradhAna khujarAho nagara meM lekha tathA pratimAoM ke adhyayana se jana-mata ke pracAra kA jJAna hotA hai| pratimAoM ke AdhAra-zilA para khudA lekha yaha pramANita karatA hai ki rAjAoM ke atirikta sAdhAraNa janatA bhI jaina-mata meM vizvAsa rakhatI thii|' mAlavA aneka zatAbdiyoM taka jaina-dharma kA pramukha pracAra kSetra thaa| vyavahAra bhASya meM batAyA hai ki anya tIthikoM ke sAtha vAda-vivAda mAlava Adi kSetroM meM karanA caahie| isase jAnA jAtA hai ki avantIpati candrapradyota tathA vizeSataH samrATa samprati se lekara bhASya-racanAkAla taka vahA~ jaina-dharma prabhAvazAlI thaa| saurASTra-gujarAta saurASTra jaina-dharma kA pramukha kendra thA / bhagavAn ariSTanemi se vahA~ jaina-paramparA cala rahI thii| samrATa samprati ke rAjyakAla meM vahA~ jaina-dharma ko adhika bala milA thaa| sUtrakRtAMga cUNi meM saurASTravAsI zrAvaka kA ullekha magadhavAsI zrAvaka kI tulanA meM kiyA gayA hai| jaina-sAhitya meM 'saurASTra' kA prAcIna nAma 'surASTra' milatA hai| __ vallabhI meM zvetAmbara-janoM kI do Agama-vAcanAeM huI thiiN| IsA ko cauthI zatAbdI meM jaba AcArya skandila ke netRtva meM mathurA meM Agama-vAcanA ho rahI thI, usI samaya AcArya nAgArjuna ke netRtva meM vaha vallabhI meM ho rahI thii| IsA kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI (454) meM phira vahIM Agama-vAcanA ke lie eka pariSad Ayojita huI / usakA netRtva devaddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa ne kiyaa| unhoMne AcArya skandila kI 'mAthurI-vAcanA' ko mukhyatA dI aura nAgArjuna kI 'vallabhI-vAcanA' ko vAcanAntara ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyaa| gujarAta ke cAlukya, rASTrakUTa, cAvaDa, solaMkI Adi rAjavaMzI bhI jaina-dharma ke anuyAyI yA samarthaka the| bambaI-mahArASTra . . samrATa samprati se pUrva jainoM kI dRSTi meM mahArASTra anArya-deza kI gaNanA meM thaa| usake rAjya-kAla meM jaina-sAdhu vahA~ vihAra karane lge| uttaravartI-kAla meM vaha jainoM kA 1-prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, pR0 125,126 / 2-vyavahAra bhAjya, uddezaka 10, gAthA 286 : khettaM mAlavamAdI, ahavAvI sAhubhAviyaM jNtu| nAUNa tahA vihiNA, vAto ya tahiM pato tavvo // 3-sUtrakRtAMga cUrNi, pR0 127 : soraTTho sAvago mAgadho vaa|

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112 utarAdhyayana : eka samokSAtmaka adhyayana pramukha vihAra-kSetra bana gayA thaa| jaina-AgamoM kI bhASA mahArASTrI prAkRta se bahuta prabhAvita hai| kucha vidvAnoM ne prAkRta bhASA ke eka rUpa kA 'jaina mahArASTrI prAkRta' aisA nAma rakhA hai| IsA kI AThavIM-nauvIM zatAbdI meM vidarbha para cAlukya rAjAoM kA zAsana thaa| dasavIM zatAbdI meM vahA~ rASTrakUTa rAjAoM kA zAsana thaa| ye donoM rAja-vaMza jaina-dharma ke poSaka the| unake zAsana-kAla meM vahA~ jaina-dharma khUba phlaa-phuulaa| narmadA-taTa . narmadA-taTa para jaina-dharma ke astitva ke ullekha purANoM meM milate haiN| vaidika-AryoM se parAjita hokara jaina-dharma ke Asaka apura loga narmadA ke taTa para rahane lge|' kucha kAla bAda ve uttara bhArata meM phaila gae the| haihaya-vaMza kI utpatti narmadA-taTa para sthita mAhiSmatI ke rAjA kArtavIrya se mAnI jAtI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA zramaNopAsaka ceTaka haihaya-vaMza kA hI thA / 3 dakSiNa bhArata dakSiNa bhArata meM jana-dharma kA prabhAva bhagavAn pArzva aura mahAvIra se pahale hI thaa| jisa samaya dvArakA kA dahana huA thA, usa samaya bhagavAn ariSTanemi palhava deza meM the| 4. vaha dakSiNApatha kA hI eka rAjya thaa| uttara bhArata meM jaba durbhikSa huA, taba bhadrabAhu dakSiNa meM ge| yaha koI Akasmika saMyoga nahIM; kintu dakSiNa bhArata meM jaina-dharma ke samparka kA sUcana hai| madhyakAla meM bhI kalabha, pANDya, cola, pallava, gaMga, rASTrakUTa, kadamba Adi rAja-vaMzoM ne jaina-dharma ko bahuta prasArita kiyA thaa| IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt baMgAla aura bihAra Adi pUrvI prAntoM meM jainadharma kA prabhAva kSINa huaa| usameM bhI videzI AkramaNa kA bahuta bar3A hAtha hai / durbhikSa ke kAraNa sAdhuoM kA vihAra vahA~ kama huA, usase bhI jaina dharma ko kSati phuNcii| 1-padmapurANa, prathama sRSTi khaNDa, adhyAya 12, zloka 412 : narmadAsaritaM prApya, 'sthitAH dAnavasattamAH / 2-epigrAphikA iNDikA, bhAga 2, pR0 8 / 3-triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, sarga 6, zloka 226 / 4-(ka) harivaMzapurANa, sarga 64, zloka 1 / (kha) sukhabodhA, patra 39 /

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113 khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 5 6 jana-dharma kA hrAsa-kAla 6-jaina-dharma kA hrAsa-kAla IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI taka dakSiNa aura bambaI prAnta meM jaina-dharma prabhAvazAlI rhaa| kintu usake pazcAt jaina rAja-vaMzoM ke zaiva ho jAne para usakA prabhAva kSINa hone lgaa| idhara saurASTra meM jaina-dharma kA prabhAva IsA kI bArahavIM, terahavIM zatAbdI taka rhaa| kumArapAla ne jaina-dharma ko prabhAvazAlI banAne ke lie bahuta prayatna kie| kintu kucha samaya bAda vahA~ bhI jaina-dharma kA prabhAva kama ho gyaa| zithiyana, turuSka, grIsa, turkastAna, IrAna Adi dezoM tathA gajanI ke AkramaNa ne vahA~ jaina-dharma ko bahuta kSati phuNcaaii| vallabhI kA bhaMga huA usa samaya jaina-sAhitya pracura mAtrA meM lupta ho gayA thA / 1 prabhAvaka caritra se jJAta hotA hai ki vi0 saMvat kI pahalI zatAbdI taka kSatriya rAjA jana-muni hote the| usake pazcAt aisA ullekha nahIM milatA / rAjasthAna ke jaina rAja-vaMza bhI zaiva yA vaiSNava ho ge| isa prakAra jo jana-dharma hindustAna ke lagabhaga sabhI prAntoM meM kAlakrama ke tAratamya meM prabhAvazAlI aura vyApaka banA thA, vaha IsA kI pandrahavIM, solahavIM zatAbdI AteAte bahuta hI sImita ho gyaa| isameM jaina-sAdhu-saMghoM ke pArasparika matabhedoM kA bhI vyApaka prabhAva hai| sAdhuoM kI rUr3hivAditA, samayAnusAra parivartana karane kI akSamatA, saMgha ko saMgaThita banAe rakhane kI tatparatA kA abhAva, sAmudAyika cintana kA akauzala aura pracAra-kauzala ko alpatA--ye bhI jaina-dharma ke sImita hone meM nimitta bane / yadyapi zaivoM aura vaiSNavoM se jaina-dharma ko kSati pahuMcI, phira bhI usase adhika kSati videzI AkramaNoM, rAjyoM tathA Antarika saMgharSoM se phuNcii| zaMkarAcArya ne jaina-dharma ko bahuta prabhAvahIna banAyA, yaha kahA jAtA hai, usameM bahuta sacAI nahIM hai| zrI rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne bauddha-dharma aura zaMkarAcArya ke sambandha meM jo likhA hai, vahI jaina-dharma aura zaMkarAcArya ke sambandha meM ghaTita hotA hai / unhoMne likhA hai* - "bhAratIya jIvana ke nirmANa meM itanI dena dekara bauddha-dharma bhArata se lupta ho gayA, isase kisI bhI sahRdaya vyakti ko kheda hue binA nahIM rhegaa| usake lupta hone ke kyA kAraNa the, isake bAre meM kaI bhrAntimulaka dhAraNAe~ phailI haiN| kahA jAtA hai, zaMkarAcArya 1-traividyagoLI, muni sundara suri : vikutsyA tucchamlecchA di kunRpatitatividhvastAneka vallabhyAdi tattanmahAnagarasthAnekalakSaNapramANAgamAdi sahAdarzocchedena kautuskutastAvadajJAnAndhakUpaprapatatprANipratihastakaprAyaprazasta pustkpraaptiyogaaH|

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114 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ne bauddha-dharma ko bhArata se nikAla bAhara kiyaa| kintu, zaMkarAcArya ke samaya AThavIM sadI meM bhArata meM bauddha-dharma lupta nahIM, prabala hotA dekhA jAtA hai| yaha nAlandA ke utkarSa aura vikramazIlA kI sthApanA kA samaya thaa| AThavIM sadI meM hI pAloM jaisA zaktizAlI bauddha rAja-vaMza sthApita huA thaa| yahI samaya hai, jabaki nAlandA ne zAntarakSita, dharmottara jaise prakANDa dArzanika paidA kie / taMtramata ke sArvajanika pracAra ke kAraNa bhItara meM nirbalatAeM bhale hI bar3ha rahI hoM, kintu jahA~ taka vihAroM aura anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA kA sambandha hai, zaMkarAcArya ke cAra sadiyoM bAda bArahavIM sadI ke anta taka bauddhoM kA hrAsa nahIM huA thaa| uttarI bhArata kA zaktizAlI gahar3avAra-vaMza kevala brAhmaNa-dharma kA hI paripoSaka nahIM thA, balki vaha bauddhoM kA bhI sahAyaka thaa| gahar3avAra rAnI kumAra devI ne sAranAtha meM 'dharmacakra mahAvihAra' kI sthApanA kI thI aura govindacandra ne 'jetavana mahAvihAra' ko kaI gA~va die the| aMtima gahar3avAra rAjA jayacanda ke bhI dIkSA-guru jaganmijAnanda (mitrayogI) eka mahAn bauddha santa the, jinhoMne ki tibbata meM apane ziSya jayacanda ko patra likhA thA, jo Aja bhI 'candrarAja-lekha' ke nAma se tibbatI bhASA meM upalabdha hai| gahar3avAroM ke pUrvI par3osI pAla the, jo aMtima kSaNa taka bauddha rahe / dakSiNa meM koMkaNa kA zilAhAra-vaMza bhI bauddha thaa| dUsare rAjyoM meM bhI bauddha kAphI saMkhyA meM the| svayaM zaMkarAcArya kI janmabhUmi kerala bhI bauddha-zikSA kA bahiSkAra nahIM kara pAI thI, usane to balki bauddhoM ke 'maMjuzrI mUlakalpa' kI rakSA karate hue hamAre pAsa taka phuNcaayaa| vastutaH bauddha-dharma ko bhArata se nikAlane kA zreya yA ayaza kisI zaMkarAcArya ko nahIM hai| "phira bauddha-dharma bhArata se naSTa kaise huA ? turkoM kA prahAra jarUra isameM eka mukhya kAraNa bnaa| musalamAnoM ko bhArata se bAhara madhya-eziyA meM japharazAM aura vakSu kI upatyakAoM, phargAnA aura bAhalIka kI bhUmiyoM meM bauddhoM kA mukAbilA karanA pdd'aa| vaisA saMgharSa unheM IrAna aura roma ke sAtha bhI nahIM karanA par3A thaa| ghuTe cehare aura raMge kapar3e vAle butaparasta ( buddha-parasta ) bhikSuoM se ve pahale hI se paricita the / unhoMne bhArata meM Akara apane ciraparicita bauddha zatruoM ke sAtha jarA bhI dayA nahIM dikhaaii| unake bar3e-bar3e vihAra lUTa kara jalA die gae, bhikSuoM ke saMghArAma naSTa kara die ge| unake rahane ke lie sthAna nahIM raha gae / deza kI usa vipannAvasthA meM kahIM AzA nahIM raha gaI aura par3osa ke bauddha deza unakA svAgata karane ke lie taiyAra the| isa taraha bhAratIya bauddhasaMgha ke pradhAna kazmIrI paNDita 'zAkya zrImad' vikramazilA vizvavidyAlaya ke dhvasta hone ke bAda bhAga kara pUrvI baMgAla ke 'jagatalA' vihAra meM phuNce| jaba vahA~ bhI turko' kI talavAra gaI, to ve apane ziSyoM ke sAtha bhAga kara nepAla ge| unake Ane kI khabara

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 5 7-jaina-dharma aura vaizya 115 suna kara bhoTa (tibbata) sAmanta kIrtidhvaja ne unheM apane yahA~ nimantrita kiyaa| vikramazilA ke saMgharAja kaI sAloM bhoTa meM rahe aura anta meM Upara hI Upara apanI janmabhUmi kazmIra meM jA kara unhoMne 1226 I0 meM zarIra chodd'aa| 'zAkya zrImad' kI taraha na jAne kitane bauddha bhikSuoM aura dharmAcAryoM ne bAhara ke dezoM meM jAkara zaraNa lii| bauddhoM ke dhArmika netA gRhastha nahIM, bhikSu the| isalie eka jagaha chor3a kara dUsarI jagaha calA jAnA unake lie AsAna thaa| bAharI bauddha dezoM meM jahA~ unakI bahuta Avabhagata thI, vahA~ deza meM unake raMge kapar3e mRtyu ke vAraMTa the| yaha kAraNa thA, jisase ki bhArata ke bauddhakendra bahuta jaldI bauddha bhikSuoM se zUnya ho ge| apane dhArmika netAoM ke abhAva meM bauddha-dharma bahuta dinoM taka Tika nahIM sakatA thaa| isa prakAra aura vaha bhArata meM turkoM ke paira rakhane ke eka-Der3ha zatAbdiyoM meM hI lupta ho gyaa| bajrayAna ke surA-sundarI sevana ne caritra-bala ko khokhalA karake isa kAma meM aura sahAyatA ko|" 1 7-jaina dharma aura vaizya kucha vidvAn kahate haiM ki jaina-dharma ahiMsA ko sarvAdhika mahattva detA hai| yuddha aura rakSA meM hiMsA hotI hai, isalie yaha dharma kSatriyoM ke anukUla nahIM hai / kRSi Adi karmoM meM hiMsA hotI hai, isalie yaha kisAnoM ke bhI anukUla nahIM hai / yaha sirpha una vyApAriyoM ke anukUla hai, jo zAntipUrvaka apanA vyApAra calAte hue jIva-hiMsA se bacAva karane kA yatna kiyA karate haiM / maiksa vebara ne ukta viSaya para kucha vistAra se likhA hai "jaina-dharma eka viziSTa vyApArika-sampradAya hai, jo pazcima ke yahUdiyoM se bhI jyAdA ekAMtika rUpa se vyApAra meM lagA huA hai| isa prakAra hama spaSTa rUpa se eka dharma kA vyApArika uddezya ke sAtha sambandha dekhate haiM, jo hindU-dharma ke lie bilkula videzIya hai / ___".. ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ne jainiyoM ko jIva-hiMsA vAle tamAma udyogoM se alaga rkhaa| ataH una vyApAroM se jinameM agni kA prayoga hotA hai, teja yA tIkSNadhAra vAle yaMtroM kA upayoga ( patthara yA kATha ke kArakhAne Adi meM ) hotA hai, bhavanAdi nirmANa vyavasAya tathA adhikAMza udyoga-dhandhoM se jainiyoM ko alaga rakhA / khetI-bArI kA kAma to bilkula hI bAda par3a gayA, kyoMki vizeSataH kheta jotane meM kIr3e-makor3e Adi kI sadA hiMsA hotI hai| ___ "yaha ullekhanIya hai ki (jainadharma meM ) adhika dhana saMcita karane kI manAhI nahIM hai balki dhana kA atyadhika moha yA sampatti ke pIche pAgala ho jAne kI manAhI hai / yaha 1-(ka) bauddha saMskRti, pR0 33-34 / (kha) buddhacaryA, pR0 12-13 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - siddhAnta pazcima ke ezeTika proTesTenTIjma ke siddhAnta se milatA-julatA hai / proTesTenTIjma ne sampatti aura lAbha ko burA nahIM batAyA kintu usameM lavalIna hone ko Apattijanaka batAyA hai| aura bhI bAteM samAna haiN| jaina-mata meM atizayokti yA jhUTha varNya hai / jaina loga vyApAra meM bilkula saccAI rakhane para vizvAsa karate haiN| mAyA rUpI kAryoM kI ekadama manAhI hai| jhUTha, corI yA zraSTa tarIkoM se kamAe hue dhana ko varjita mAnate haiN| "jaina vizeSataH zvetAmbara sabhI jainoM ke vyApArI banane kA mukhya hetu dhArmika siddhAnta hI hai| kevala vyApAra hI eka aisA vyavasAya hai, jisameM ahiMsA kA pAlana kiyA jA sakatA hai| unake vyavasAya kA vizeSa tarIkA bhI dhArmika niyamoM se nizcita hotA thaa| jisameM vizeSa karake yAtrA ke prati gaharI aruci rahatI thI aura yAtrA ko kaThina banAne ke aneka niyamoM ne unheM sthAnIya vyApAra ke lie protsAhita kiyA, phira jaisA ki yahUdiyoM ke sAtha huA, ve sAhUkArI (baikiMga) aura vyAja ke dhandhoM meM sImita raha ge| ___ "unakI pUjI lena-dena meM hI sImita rahI aura ve audyogika saMsthAnoM ke nirmANa meM asaphala rhe| isakA mUla kAraNa bhI jaina-mata kA saMddhAntika pakSa hI rahA jisase kI jaina loga udyoga meM pAdanyAsa kara hI nahIM ske| "jaina-sampradAya kI utpatti bhAratIya nagara ke vikAsa ke sAtha-sAtha prAyaH samasAmayika hai / isIlie zaharI-jovana virodhI baMgAla jainatva ko bahuta kama grahaNa kara skaa| lekina yaha nahIM mAnanA cAhie ki yaha sampradAya dhanavAnoM se utpanna hai| yaha kSatriyoM kI vicAra kalpanA se tathA gRhasthoM kI saMnyAsa bhAvanA se prasphuTita huA hai| isake siddhAnta vizeSakara zrAvakoM (gRhasthoM ke lie nizcita vidhAna) tathA dUsare dhArmika niyamoM ne aise dainika-jIvana kA gaThana kiyA, jisakA pAlana vyApAriyoM ke lie hI saMbhava thaa|" maiksa vebara kI ye mAnyatAeM kAlpanika tathyoM para AdhArita haiN| vAstavika tathya ye haiM (1) jaina-zrAvaka ke lie AkramaNakArI hone kA niSedha hai| vaha pratyAkramaNa kI hiMsA se apane ko mukta nahIM rakha paataa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya jina kSatriyoM yA kSatriya rAjAoM ne anAkramaNa kA vrata liyA thA, unhoMne bhI amuka-amuka sthitiyoM meM lar3ane kI chUTa rakhI thii| - jaina samrAToM, rAjAoM, senApatiyoM, daNDanAyakoM aura saMnikoM ne deza kI surakSA ke lie aneka lar3AiyA~ lar3I thiiN| gujarAta aura rAjasthAna meM jaina-senAnAyakoM kI bahuta 1-dI rilijansa oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 193-202 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 5 7-jaina-dharma aura vaizya lambI paramparA rahI hai| isI saMdarbha meM usa niSkarSa ko mAnya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki ahiMsA pradhAna hone ke kAraNa jaina-dharma kSatriya-varga ke anukUla nahIM hai / (2) bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zrAvakoM meM Ananda gRhapati kA sthAna pahalA hai / vaha bahuta bar3A kRSikAra thaa| usake pAsa cAra vraja the| pratyeka braja meM dasa-dasa hajAra gAe~ thiiN| Aja bhI kaccha Adi pradezoM meM hajAroM jaina khetIhara haiN| eka zatAbdI pUrva rAjasthAna meM bhI hajAroM jaina-parivAra khetI kiyA karate the| isa saMdarbha meM vaha niSkarSa bhI mAnya nahIM hotA ki ahiMsA pradhAna hone ke kAraNa jaina-dharma kisAnoM ke anukUla nahIM hai / (3) vyApAra meM pratyakSa jIva-vadha nahIM hotA, isalie vaha ahiMsA pradhAna jaina-dharma ke adhika anukUla hai, yaha bhI vizeSa mahattvapUrNa tathya nahIM hai| jaina AcAryoM ne asi, maSI, kRSi, vidyA, zilpa aura vANijya-ina chahoM karmoM ko eka koTi kA mAnA hai / talavAra, dhanuSa Adi zastra-vidyA meM nipuNa asi-kArya haiM / munImI kA kArya karane vAlA maSi-karmArya hai / dhobI,nAI, luhAra, kumhAra Adi zilpa-karmArya hai / candana, ghI, dhAnya Adi kA vyApAra karane vAlA vaNikkArya hai / ye chahoM avirata hone se sAvadyakaryi haiN|' ___jo loga avratI hote haiM, jinake saMkallI-hiMsA kA tyAga nahIM hotA, ve bhale rakSA kA kAma kareM, khetI kareM yA vANijya kareM, sAvadha kAma karane vAle hI hote haiN| jo zrAvaka hote haiM, unake vrata bhI hotA hai, isalie ve cAhe vyApAra kareM, khetI kareM yA rakSA kA kAma kareM, alpasAvadha kAma karane vAle hote haiM / 2 jaina-zrAvaka banane kA artha : kRSi, rakSA Adi se dUra haTanA nahIM, kintu saMkalpI-hiMsA aura anartha-hiMsA kA tyAga karanA hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne kevala pratyakSa jIva-vadha ko hI doSapUrNa nahIM mAnA, kintu mAnasika hiMsA ko bhI doSapUrNa mAnA hai| isI AdhAra para AcArya jinasena ne Adi purANa meM vyAja ke dhandhe ko mahAhiMsA kI koTi meM upasthita kiyA thaa| (4) dhAvakoM ke lie aise dainika-jIvana kA gaThana nahIM kiyA gayA, jisase vaha vaizya-varga ke sivAya anya vargo ke anukUla na ho / - (5) baMgAla meM jaina-dharma ke astitva kI carcA pahale kI jA cukI hai| usake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai - 'zaharI jIvana virodhI baMgAla jainatva ko bahuta kama grahaNa kara sakA'-yaha tathya bhI sArapUrNa nahIM hai| 1-tattvArtha rAjavArtika, 3 / 36 : SaDapyete aviratipravaNatvAt sAvadhakAryAH / 2-vahI, 3 / 36 : alpasAvadyakarmAryAH zrAvakAH zrAvikAzca viratyaviratipariNatatvAt /

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118 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / maiksa vebara jina niSkarSa para pahuMce, unheM hama jaina-dharma kI saiddhAntika bhUmikA ke stara se sambandhita nahIM mAna skte| kintu tatkAlika jaina-zrAvakoM ke jIvana-vyavahAra se sarvathA sambandhita nahIM the, aisA bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| saMbhava hai ki bhUmikA bheda kA gaharA vicAra kie binA sAdhuoM dvArA bhI zrAvakoM ke jaTila dainika-jIvana kA krama nizcita kiyA gayA ho| isa lambe vivecana ke bAda hama punaH usI niSkarSa para pahuMcate haiM ki jaina-dharma ke hrAsa aura usake vaizya-varga meM sImita hone ke hetu mukhya rUpa meM ve hI haiM, jo hamane pahale prastuta kie the| sUtra rUpa meM unakI punarAvRtti kucha tathyoM ko aura sammilita kara isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai (1) unnati aura avanati kA aitihAsika krm| . (2) dIrghakAlIna samRddhi se Ane vAlI shithiltaa| (3) jaina-saMgha kA aneka gacchoM va sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho jaanaa| (4) paraspara eka dUsare ko parAjita karane kA prayatna / (5) apane prabhAva kSetroM meM dUsaroM ko na Ane denA yA jo Agata hoM, unheM vahA~ se nikAla denaa| (6) sAdhuoM kA rUr3hivAdI honaa| (7) deza-kAla ke anusAra parivartana na karanA, nae AkarSaNa utpanna na krnaa| (8) dainika jIvana meM kriyAkANDoM kI jaTilatA paidA kara denaa| (8) saMgha-zakti kA sahI mUlyAMkana na honaa| . (10) sAmudAyika cintana aura pracAra kauzala kI alpatA / (11) videzI AkramaNa / (12) anyAnya pratispardhI dharmoM ke prahAra / (13) jAtivAda kA svIkaraNa / ina sthitiyoM ne jaina-dharma ko sImita bnaayaa| kucha jaina-prAcAryoM ne dUradarzitApUrNa prayatna kie aura osavAla, poravAla, khaNDelavAla Adi kaI jaina jAtiyoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| usase jaina-dharma mukhyataH vaizya-varga meM sImita ho gayA, kintu vaha bauddha-dharma kI bhA~ti bhArata se ucchinna nahIM huaa| AcArya bhadrabAhu ne apane vizAla jJAna tathA vartamAna kI sthitiyoM kA bhaviSya meM pratibimba dekha kara hI yaha kahA thA-"dharma mukhyataH vaizya-varga ke hAtha meM hogaa|" candragupta ke sAtaveM svapna-'akuraDI para kamala ugA huA hai'-kA artha unhoMne

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 5 7-jaina-dharma aura vaizya 116 kiyA thA-"brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra-ina cAroM vargoM meM jo dharma phailA huA hai, vaha simaTa kara adhikAMzatayA vaizyoM ke hAtha meM calA jaaegaa|"1 pAThaveM svapna meM unhoMne dekhA-"juganU prakAza kara rahA hai / " AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isakA phala batAyA--"zramaNa-gaNa Arya-mArga ko chor3a, kevala kriyA kA ghaTATopa dikhA vaizya-varga meM udyota kregaa| phalataH nirgranthoM kA pUjA-satkAra kama ho jAegA aura bahuta loga mithyAtva rata ho jaaeNge|"2 / samrATa kA nauvA~ svapna thA-"sarovara sUkha gayA, kevala dakSiNa-dizA meM thor3A jala bharA hai aura vaha bhI pUrNa svaccha nhiiN|" AcArya bhadrabAhu ne isakA phala batAyA--"jisa bhUmi meM tIrthaGkaroM ke pA~ca kalyANa ( cyavana, janma, dIkSA, kevalajJAna aura nirvANa ) hue the, vahA~ dharma kI hAni hogI aura dakSiNa-pazcima meM thor3A-thor3A dharma rahegA aura vaha bhI aneka matavAdoM aura pArasparika saMgharSoM se paripUrNa / ' 3 bhadrabAhu kI isa bhaviSyavANI meM usa ghaTanA-krama kA aMkana hai, jaba jaina-dharma eka sthiti se dUsarI sthiti meM saMkrAnta ho rahA thaa| jaina-zramaNa matabhedoM ko pradhAnatA de rahe the ; jaina-zrAvaka pratyakSa jIva-vadha kI tulanA meM mAnasika hiMsA ko kama AMka rahe the aura jaina-zAsana eka jAti ke rUpa meM saMgaThita ho rahA thaa| 1-vyavahAra cUlikA : uttame ukkaraDiyAe kamalaM uggaya TuiM, tassa phalaM teNaM mAhaNa khattiya vaissa sudde cauNhaM vaNNANaM majjhe vaissa hatthe dhammaM bhavissai / 2-vahI : aTThame khajjuo ujjoyaM karei / teNaM samaNA AriyamagaM mottaNa khajjuyA iva kiriyAe phaDADovaM daMsiUNa vaissa vaNNe ujjoyaM karissaMti / teNa samaNANaM NigaMthANaM pUyAsakkAre thove bhavissaI, bahujaNA micchattarAgiNo bhavissaMti / 3-vahI: Navame sukkaM sarovaraM dAhiNadisAe thovaM jalabhariyaM gaDuliyaM diTuM, tassa phalaM teNaM jattha jattha bhUmie paMca jiNakalANaM tattha deze dhammahANI bhavissai dAhiNapacchimae kiMpi kiMpi dhammaM bahumaiDohaliyaM bhavissai /

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prakaraNa : chaThA 1-mahAvIra tIrthaGkara the para jaina-dharma ke pravartaka nahIM bhagavAna mahAvIra tIrthaGkara the, phira bhI kisI nae dharma ke pravartaka nahIM the| unake pIche eka paramparA thI aura ve usake unnAyaka the| __ mahAtmA buddha svataMtra-dharma ke pravartaka the yA kisI pUrva paramparA ke unnAyaka ? isa prazna ke uttara meM bauddha-sAhitya koI nizcita uttara nahIM detaa| upaka AjIvaka ke yaha pUchane para ki terA zAstA (guru) kauna hai ? aura tU kisa dharma ko mAnatA hai ? mahAtmA buddha ne kahA-"maiM sabako parAjita karane vAlA, sabako jAnane vAlA huuN| sabhI dharmoM meM nirlepa hU~ / sarva-tyAgI hU~, tRSNA ke kSaya se mukta hU~, maiM apane hI jAna kara upadeza kruuNgaa| merA prAcArya nahIM hai, mere sadRza ( koI ) vidyamAna nhiiN| devatAoM sahita (sAre) loka meM mere samAna puruSa nhiiN| maiM saMsAra meM arhat hU~, apUrva upadezaka huuN| maiM eka samyaka sambuddha, zAnti tathA nirvANa ko prApta huuN| dharma kA cakkA ghumAne ke lie kAziyoM ke nagara ko jA rahA huuN| (vahA~) aMdhe hue loka meM amRta-dundubhi bnaauuNgaa| mere hI aise AdamI jina hote haiM, jinake ki cittamala (Asrava) naSTa ho gae haiN| maiMne burAiyoM ko jIta liyA hai, isalie he upaka ! maiM jina huuN|" ___ eka dUsare prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai- bhagavAn ne indrakIla para khar3e hokara socA--- 'pahale buddhoM ne kula nagara meM bhikSAcAra kaise kiyA ? kyA bIca-bIca meM ghara chor3a kara yA eka ora se...?' phira eka buddha ko bhI bIca-bIca meM ghara chor3a kara bhikSAcAra karate nahIM dekha, 'merA bhI yahI ( buddhoM kA ) vaMza hai, isalie yahI kula dharma grahaNa karanA caahie| isase Ane vAle samaya meM mere zrAvaka (ziSya) merA hI anusaraNa karate (hue) bhikSAcAra vrata pUrA kareMge,' aisA (soca) chora ke ghara se bhikSAcAra Arambha kiyaa|' rAjA zuddhodana ke dvArA Apatti karane para buddha ne kahA--"mahArAja ! hamAre vaMza kA yahI AcAra hai|"3 pahale prasaMga se prApta hotA hai ki buddha svataMtra-dharma ke pravartaka the, unakA kisI paramparA 1-(ka) vinayapiTaka, pR. 79 / __ (kha) buddhacaryA, pR0 20-21 / 2-buddhacaryA, pR. 53 / 3-vahI, pR0 53 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 6 1-mahAvIra tIrthaGkara the para jaina-dharma ke pravartaka nahIM 121 se sambandha nahIM thaa| dUsare prasaMga se prApta hotA hai ki ve buddhoM kI paramparA se jur3e hue the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sambandha meM yaha anizcitatA nahIM hai| jaina-sAhitya kI yaha nizcita ghoSaNA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra svataMtra-dharma ke pravartaka nahIM, kintu pUrva-paramparA ke unnAyaka the| ve ahiMsaka-paramparA ke eka tIrthaGkara the / bhagavAn ne svayaM kahA hai-"jo arhat ho cuke haiM, jo vartamAna meM haiM, jo Age hoMge, una sabakA yahI nirUpaNa hai ki saba jIvoM kI hiMsA mata kro|"1 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke mAtR-pakSa aura pitR-pakSa-donoM bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke anuyAyI the| bhagavAn mahAvIra svayaM-buddha the, isIlie unheM bhagavAn pArzva kA ziSya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaise bhagavAn pArzva ne dharma-tIrtha kA pravartana kiyA thA, vaise hI bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI dharma-tIrtha ke pravartaka the| kumArazramaNa kezI ne gautama se pUchA thA-"logoM ko andha banAne vAle.timira meM bahuta loga raha rahe haiM / isa samUce loka meM una prANiyoM ke lie prakAza kauna kregaa|"2 ___ gautama ne kahA- "samUce loka meM prakAza karane vAlA eka mila bhAnu ugA hai| vaha samUce loka meM prANiyoM ke lie prakAza kregaa|" ___ "bhAnu kise kahA gayA hai"--kezI ne gautama se khaa| kezI ke kahate-kahate hI gautama bole- "jisakA saMsAra kSINa ho cukA hai, jo sarvatra hai, vaha arhat rUpI bhAskara samUce loka ke prANiyoM ke lie prakAza kregaa|" 3 ____ bhagavAn pArzva ke nirvANa ke pazcAt yajJa-saMsthA bahuta prabala ho gaI thii| idhara zramaNa paramparA ke anyAyI aura Atma-vidyA ke saMrakSaka rAje bhI vaidikadhArA se prabhAvita ho rahe the. jisakA varNana hameM upaniSadoM meM prApta hotA hai / vaidikoM kI pravRttivAdI vicAraNA se zramaNoM meM AcAra sambandhI zithilatA ghara kara rahI thii| hiMsA aura abrahmacarya jIvana kI sahaja pravRtti ke rUpa meM abhivyakti pA rahe the| vaha sthiti zramaNoM ko ghora andhakAra.maya laga rahI thii| usa sthiti meM zramaNoM kI vicAradhArA ko zaktizAlI banAne ke lie tIrthaGkara kI AvazyakatA thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra se ThIka pahale hameM tIrthaGkara ke rUpa meM kevala eka pArzva kA hI astitva milatA hai, kintu bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM hama chaha tIrthaGkaroM kA astitva pAte haiM / kucha jaina vidvAn yaha kahate haiM ki eka tIrthaGkara jaiso dharmavyavasthA karate haiM, vaisI hI dUsare tIrthaGkara karate haiM / kintu aitihAsika dRSTi se isakA bahuta 1-buddhacaryA, pR0 53 / 2-AcArAMga, 1 / 4 / 1 / 3-uttarAdhyayana, 2375-78 /

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122 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mUlya nahIM hai| eka tIrthaGkara ne jo kahA, usakA nirUpaNa dUsarA tIrthaGkara kare to vastutaH vaha tIrthaGkara hI nahIM hotaa| jisa kA mArga pUrva tIrthaGkara se bhinna hotA hai, yAni sarvathA saMdRza nahIM hotA, usI ko 'tIrthaGkara' kahA jAtA hai| hamArI yaha sthApanA nirAdhAra nahIM hai| isakI yathArthatA pramANita karane ke lie hameM tIrthaGkaroM ke zAsana-bheda kA adhyayana prastuta karanA hogaa| 2-pArzva aura mahAvIra kA zAsana-bheda bhagavAn pArzva aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana-bheda kA vicAra hama nimna tathyoM ke AdhAra para kareMge1. bhagavAn pArzva kI dharma-sAmAcArI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dharma-sAmAcArI (1) cAturyAma (1) pA~ca mahAvrata (2) sAmAyika cAritra (2) chedopasthApanIya cAritra (3) rAtri bhojana na karanA uttara guNa (3) rAtri bhojana na karanA mUla guNa (4) sacela (4) acela 2. pratikramaNa pratikramaNa (5) doSa hone para pratikramaNa (5) niyamataH do bAra pratikramaNa 3. auddezika auddezika (6) eka sAdhu ke lie bane AhAra kA dUsare (6) eka sAdhu ke lie bane AhAra kA dvArA grahaNa dUsare dvArA varjana 4. rAjapiNDa rAjapiNDa (7) rAjapiNDa kA grahaNa (7) rAjapiNDa kA varjana 5. mAsakalpa mAsakalpa (8) mAsakalpa kA niyama na hone para jIvana- (8) mAsakalpa kA niyama eka sthAna meM bhara eka gA~va meM rahane kA vidhaan| eka mAsa se adhika na rahanekA kIcar3a aura jIva-jantu na ho usa sthiti vidhAna / meM varSA-kAla meM bhI vihAra kA vidhaan|

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123 khalDa : 1, prakaraNa : 6 2-pArzva aura mahAvIra kA zAsana-bheda paryuSaNa kalpa paryuSaNa kalpa (6) paryuSaNa kalpa kA aniyama / (6) paryuSaNa kalpa kA niyama / jaghanyataH bhAdrava-zuklA paMcamI se kArtikazuklA paMcamI taka aura utkRSTataH ASAr3ha pUrNimA se kArtika pUrNimA taka eka sthAna meM rahane kA niyama / (10) (10) parihAra vizuddha cAritra (1) cAturyAma aura paMca mahAvrata prAg-aitihAsika kAla meM bhagavAn RSabha ne pA~ca mahAvratoM kA upadeza diyA thA, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| aitihAsika kAla meM bhagavAn pArzva ne cAturyAma-dharma kA upadeza diyA thaa| unake cAra yAma ye the-(1) ahiMsA, (2) satya, (3) acaurya aura (4) bahistAt AdAna-viramaNa ( bAhya-vastu ke grahaNa kA tyAga ) / ' bhagavAn mahAvIra ne pA~ca mahAvratoM kA upadeza diyaa| unake pA~ca mahAvrata ye haiM-(1) ahiMsA, (2) satya, (3) acaurya, (4) brahmacarya Ara (5) aparigraha / 2 sahaja hI prazna hotA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne mahAvratoM kA vikAsa kyoM kiyA? bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA ke AcArya kumArazramaNa kezI aura bhagavAna mahAvora ye gaNadhara gautama jaba zrAvastI meM Ae, taba unake ziSyoM ko yaha saMdeha utpanna huA ki hama eka hI prayojana se cala rahe haiM, phira * yaha antara kyoM ? pArzva ne cAturyAma-dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA aura mahAvIra ne pA~ca mahAvrata-dharma kA, yaha kyoM ? kumArazramaNa kezI ne gautama se yaha prazna pUchA taba unhoMne kezI se kahA--"pahale tIrthaGkara ke sAdhu Rju-jar3a hote haiM / antima tIrthaGkara ke sAdhu vakra-jar3a hote haiN| bIca ke tIrthaGkaroM ke sAdhu Rja-prAjJa hote haiM, isalie dharma ke do prakAra kie haiN| "pUrvavartI sAdhuoM ke lie muni ke AcAra ko yathAvat grahaNa kara lenA kaThina hai| caramavartI sAdhuoM ke lie muni ke AcAra kA pAlana kaThina hai| madhyavartI sAdhu use yathAvat grahaNa kara lete haiM aura usakA pAlana bhI ve saralatA se karate haiN|"4 isa samAdhAna meM eka viziSTa dhvani hai| usase isa bAta kA saMketa milatA hai ki jaba bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke praziSya abrahmacarya kA samarthana karane lage, usakA pAlana kaThina 1-sthAnAMga, 4 / 266 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 21 / 12 / 3-vahI, 23312-13 / 4-vahI, 23 / 26-27 /

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124 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ho gayA taba usa sthiti ko dekha kara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko brahmacarya ko svataMtra mahAvrata ke rUpa meM sthAna denA pdd'aa| bhagavAn pArzva ne maithuna ko parigraha ke antargata mAnA thaa| kintu unake nirvANa ke pazcAt aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrthaGkara hone se thor3e pUrva kucha sAdhu isa tarka kA sahArA le abrahmacarya kA samarthana karane lage ki bhagavAn pArzva ne usakA niSedha nahIM kiyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne isa kutarka ke nivAraNa ke lie spaSTataH brahmacarya mahAvrata kI vyavasthA kI aura mahAvrata pA~ca ho ge| sUtrakRtAMga meM abrahmacarya kA samarthana karane vAle ko 'pArzvastha' kahA hai / vRttikAra ne unheM 'svayUthika' bhI batalAyA hai / 2 isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pahale se hI kucha svayUyika-nirgantha arthAt pAzva-paramparA ke zramaNa svacchanda hokara abrahmacarya kA samarthana kara rahe the| unakA tarka thA ki "jaise varNa yA phor3e ko dabA kara pIva ko nikAla dene se zAnti milatI hai, vaise hI samAgama kI prArthanA karane vAlI strI ke sAtha samAgama karane se zAnti milatI hai| isameM doSa kaise ho sakatA hai ? __jase bher3a binA hilAe zAnta bhAva se pAnI pI letI hai, vaise hI samAgama kI prArthanA karane vAlI strI ke sAtha zAnta-bhAva se kisI ko pIr3A pahu~cAe binA samAgama kiyA jAe, usameM doSa kase ho sakatA hai ? . "jaise kapiMjala' nAma ko cir3iyA AkAza meM raha kara binA hilAe DulAe jala pI letI hai, vaise hI samAgama kI prArthanA karane vAlI strI ke sAtha anAsakta-bhAva se samAgama kiyA jAe to usameM doSa kaise ho sakatA hai / "4 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina kutarkoM ko dhyAna meM rakhA aura vakra-jar3a muni kisa prakAra artha kA anartha kara DAlate haiM, isa aura dhyAna diyA to unheM bahmacarya ko svataMtra mahAvrata kA rUpa dene kI AvazyakatA huii| isIlie stutikAra ne kahA hai 1-sthAnAMga, 4 / 266 vRtti : maithunaM parigrahe'ntarbhavati, na haparigRhItA yoSid bhujyte| 2-sUtrakRtAMga, 113 / 4 / 6,13 / 3-(ka) sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 3 / 4 / 6 vRtti : svayUthyA vaa| (kha) vahI, 113 / 4 / 12 vRtti : svayUthyA vA pArzvasthAvasannakuzIlAdayaH / 4-sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 3 / 4 / 10,11,12 /

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khaNDa : 1 prakaraNa : 6 2 pArzva aura mahAvIra kA zAsana-bheda 125 "se vAriyA itthi sarAibhattaM" (sUtrakRtAMga, 116028) arthAt bhagavAn ne strI aura rAtri bhojana kA nivAraNa kiyaa| yaha stuti-vAkya isa tathya ko ora saMketa karatA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne brahmacarya kI vizeSa vyAkhyA, vyavasthA yA yojanA kI thii| ___ abrahmacarya ko phor3e kI pIva nikAlane Adi ke samAna batAyA jAtA thA, usake lie bhagavAn ne kahA- 'koI manuSya talavAra se kisI kA sira kATa zAnti kA anubhava kare to kyA vaha doSI nahIM hai ? ___ "koI manuSya cupacApa zAnta-bhAva se jahara kI cUMTa pIkara baiTha jAe to kyA vaha viSa vyApta nahIM hotA? ___"koI manuSya kisI dhanI ke khajAne se anAsakta-bhAva se bahumUlya ratnoM ko curAe, to kyA vaha doSI nahIM hotA?'' dUsare kA sira kATane vAlA, jahara kI cUMTa pIne vAlA aura dUsaroM ke ratna curAne vAlA vastutaH zAnta yA anAsakta nahIM hotA, vaise hI abrahmacarya kA sevana karane vAlA zAnta yA anAsakta nahIM ho sktaa| jo pArzvastha zramaNa anAsakti kA nAma le abrahmacarya kA samarthana karate haiM, ve kAmabhogoM meM atyanta Asakta haiM / 2 ___ abrahmacarya ko svAbhAvika mAnane kI ora zramaNoM kA mAnasika jhukAva hotA jA rahA thA, usa samaya unheM brahmacarya kI vizeSa vyavasthA dene kI AvazyakatA thii| isa anukUla parISaha se zramaNoM ko bacAnA Avazyaka thaa| usa sthiti meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne brahmacarya ko bahuta mahattva diyA aura usakI surakSA ke lie vizeSa vyavasthA dI ( dekhieuttarAdhyayana, solahavA~ aura battIsavA~ adhyayana ) / (2) sAmAyika aura chedopasthApanIya bhagavAn pArzva ke samaya sAmAyika-cAritra thA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne chedopasthApanIya-cAritra kA pravartana kiyA / vAstavika dRSTi se cAritra eka sAmAyika hI hai / cAritra kA artha hai 'samatA kI ArAdhanA' / viSamatApUrNa pravRttiyA~ tyakta hotI haiM taba sAmAyika-cAritra prApta hotA hai / yaha nirvizeSaNa yA nirvibhAga hai| bhagavAn pArzva ne cAbhitra ke vibhAga nahIM kie, use vistAra se nahIM smjhaayaa| sambhava hai unheM isakI AvazyakatA pratIta nahIM huii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke sAmane eka vizeSa prayojana upasthita 1-sUtrakRtAMga niyukti, gAthA 53-55 / 2-sUtrakRtAMga, 1 / 3 / 4 / 13 / 3-vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1267 /

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126 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana thA, isalie unhoMne sAmAyika ko chedopasthApanIya kA rUpa diyaa| isa cAritra ko svIkAra karane vAle ko vyakti yA vibhAgazaH mahAvratoM kA svIkAra karAyA jAtA hai / cheda kA artha 'vibhAga' hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhagavAna pArzva ke nirvibhAga sAmAyikacAritra ko vibhAgAtmaka sAmAyika-cAritra banA diyA aura vahI chedopasthApanIya ke nAma se pracalita huaa| bhagavAn ne cAritra ke teraha mukhya vibhAga kie the| pUjyapAda ne bhagavAna mahAvIra ko pUrva tIrthaGkaroM dvArA anupadiSTa teraha prakAra ke cAritra-upadeSTA ke rUpa meM namaskAra kiyA hai-- tisraH sattamaguptayastanumanobhASAnimittodayAH, paMceryAdi samAzrayAH samitayaH paMca vratAnItyapi / cAritropahitaM trayodazatayaM pUrva na dilaM parai, rAcAraM parameSThibuno jinapate vIrAn namAmo vayam // 1 yaha vicitra saMyoga kI bAta hai ki AcArya bhikSu ne bhI terApaMtha kI vyAkhyA inhIM teraha ( pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti ) vratoM ke AdhAra para ko thii| bhagavatI se jJAta hotA hai ki jo cAturyAma-dharma kA pAlana karate the, una muniyoM ke cAritra ko 'sAmAyika' kahA jAtA thA aura jo muni sAmAyika-cAritra kI prAcIna paramparA ko chor3a kara paMcayAma-dharma meM prabajita hue unake cAritra ko 'chopasthApanIya' kahA gayA / 3 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA kA sammAna karane athavA apane nirUpaNa ke sAtha usakA sAmaMjasya biThAne ke lie donoM vyavasthAeM kI prArambha meM alpakAlIna nirvibhAga ( sAmAyika ) cAritra ko mAnyatA dI,4 dIrghakAla ke lie vibhAgAtmaka ( chedopasthApanIya ) cAritra kI vyavasthA kii| 1-cAritrabhakti, 7 / 2-bhikSujazarasAyana, 77 : paMca mahAvrata pAlatA, zuddhi sumati suhAvai ho| tIna gupta tIkhI tarai, bhala Atama bhAve ho| citta tUM terA hI cAhavai ho| 3-bhagavatI, 25 // 71786, gAthA 1,2 : sAmAiyaMmi u kae, cAujjAmaM aNuttaraM dhamma / tiviheNaM phAsayaMto, sAmAiya saMjamo sa khalu // . chattaNa u pariyAgaM, porANaM jo Thavei appANaM / dhammami paMca jAme, chedovaTThAvaNo sa khalu // 4-vizeSAvazka bhAjya, gAthA 1268 / 5-vahI, gAthA 1274 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 6 2-pArzva aura mahAvIra kA zAsana-bheda 127 (3) rAtri-bhojana-viramaNa bhagavAn pArzva ke zAsana meM rAtri-bhojana na karanA vrata nahIM thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne use vrata kI sUci meM sammalita kara liyaa| yahA~ sUtrakRtAMga (1 / 6 / 28) kA vaha pada phira snaraNIya hai-'se vAriyA ithi sarAibhatta' / haribhadra sUri ne isakI carcA karate hue batAyA hai ki bhagavAn RSabha aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane Rju-jar3a aura vakra-jar3a ziSyoM kI apekSA se rAtri bhojana na karane ko vrata kA rUpa diyA aura use mUla guNoM kI sUci meM rkhaa| madhyavartI 22 tIrthakaroM ne use mUlaguNa nahIM mAnA isalie unhoMne use vrata kA rUpa nahIM diyaa|' somatilaka sUri kA bhI yahIM abhimata hai / ' ___ haribhadra sUri se pahale hI yaha mAnyatA pracalita thii| jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ne likhA hai ki 'rAta ko bhojana na karanA' ahiMsA mahAvrata kA saMrakSaka hone ke kAraNa samiti kI bhA~ti uttara guNa hai| kintu muni ke lie vaha ahiMsA mahAvrata kI taraha pAlanIya hai| isa dRSTi se vaha mUlaguNa kI koTi meM rakhane yogya hai / zrAvaka ke lie vaha mUlaguNa nahIM hai| jo guNa sAdhanA ke AdhArabhUta hote haiM, unheM 'maulika' yA 'mUlaguNa' kahA jAtA hai| unake upakArI yA sahayogI guNoM ko 'uttaraguNa' kahA jAtA hai| jinabhadragaNI ne mUlaguNa kI saMkhyA 5 aura 6 donoM prakAra se mAnI hai-- (1) ahiMsA (4) brahmacarya (2) satya (5) aparigraha 1-dazavakAlika, hAribhadrIya vRtti, patra 150 : . etacca rAtribhojanaM prathamacaramatIdhakaratIrthayoH RjujaDavakrajaDapuruSApekSayA mUlaguNatvakhyApanArtha mahAvratopari paThitaM, madhyamatIrthakaratIrtheSu puna: RjuprajJapuruSApekSayottaraguNavarga iti / 2-saptatizatasthAna, gAthA 287 : mUlaguNesu u duNhaM, sesANuttaraguNesu nisibhuttaM / 3-vizeSAvazyaka bhAjya, gAthA 1247 vRtti : uttaragugatve satyapi tat sAdho mUlaguNo bhaNyate / mUlaguNapAlanAt prANAtipAtA diviramaNavat antaraGgatvAcca / 4-vahI, gAthA 1245-1250 / 5-vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, gAthA 1244 : sammatta sameyAI, mahanvayANuvvayAI muulgunnaa|

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128 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (3) acaurya tri-bhojana-viramaNa1 . AcArya vaTTakera ne mUlaguNa 28 mAne haiMpA~ca mahAvata asnAna pA~ca samitiyA~ bhUmizayana pA~ca indriya-vijaya dantagharSana kA varjana SaD Avazyaka sthiti bhojana kezaloca eka-bhakta / acelakatA mUlaguNoM kI saMkhyA saba tIrthaGkaroM ke zAsana meM samAna nahIM rahI, isakA samarthana bhagavAn mahAvIra ke eka nimna pravacana se hotA hai-- "Aryo !...maiMne pA~ca mahAvratAtmaka, sapratikramaNa aura acela dharma kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| Aryo !... maiMne nagnabhAva, muNDabhAva, asnAna, dantaprakSAlana-varjana, chatra-varjana, pAdukAvarjana, bhUmi-zayyA, keza-loca Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|'' bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jo vizeSa vidhAna haiM, unakA lambA vivaraNa sthAnAMga, 6 / 663 (4) sacela aura acela gautama aura kezI ke ziSyoM ke mana meM eka vitarka uThA thA "mahAmuni varddhamAna ne jo AcAra-dharma kI vyavasthA kI hai, vaha acalaka hai ora mahAmuni pArzva ne jo yaha AcAra-dharma kI vyavasthA ko hai, vaha varNa Adi se viziSTa tathA mulyavAna vastra vAlI hai| jaba ki hama eka hI uddezya se cale haiM to phira isa bheda kA kyA kAraNa hai ?" kezI ne gautama ke sAmane vaha jijJAsA prastuta kI aura pUchA-- "mevAvin ! veSa ke ina prakAroM meM tumheM saMdeha kaise nahIM hotA ?" kezI ke aisA kahane para gautama ne isa prakAra kahA--"vijJAna dvArA yathocita jAna kara hI dharma ke sAdhanoM-upakaraNoM kI anumati dI gaI hai| logoM ko yaha pratIti ho ki ye sAdhu haiM, isalie nAnA prakAra ke upakaraNoM kI parikalpanA kI gaI hai| jIvana-yAtrA ko nibhAnA aura 'maiM sAdhu hU~,' aisA dhyAna Ate rahanA veSa-dhAraNa ke isa loka meM ye prayojana 1-vizeSAvazyaka bhAjya, gAthA 1829 : mUlaguNA chanvayAiM tu| 2-mUlAcAra, 112-113 / 3-sthAnAMga, 91693 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6 2-pArva aura mahAvIra kA zAsana-bheda 126 haiN| yadi mokSa ko vAstavika sAdhanA kI pratijJA ho to nizcaya-dRSTi meM usake sAdhana, jJAna, darzana aura cAritra hI haiN| ___bhagavAna pArzva ke ziSya bahumUlya aura raMgIna-vastra rakhate the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane ziSyoM ko alpamUlya aura zveta vastra rakhane kI anumati dii| _____DaoN0 harmana jekobo kA yaha mata hai ki bhagagana mahAvIra ne acelakatA yA nagnatva kA AcAra AjIvaka AcArya gozAlaka se grahaNa kiyaa|2 kintu yaha saMdigdha hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAla meM aura unase pUrva bhI nagna sAdhuoM ke aneka sampradAya the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne acelakatA ko kisI se prabhAvita hokara apanAyA yA apanI svataMtra buddhi se ? isa prazna ke samAdhAna kA koI nizcita srota prApta nahIM hai, kintu itanA nizcita hai ki mahAvIra dIkSita hue taba sacela the, bAda meM acela ho ge| bhagavAna ne apane ziSyoM ke lie bhI acela AcAra kI vyavasthA kI, kintu unakI acela vyavasthA dUsare-dUsare nagna sAdhuoM kI bhA~ti ekAntika AgrahapUrNa nahIM thii| gautama ne kezI se jo kahA, usase yaha svayaM siddha hai| jo nigrantha nirvastra rahane meM samartha the, unake lie pUrNata: acela (nirvastra) rahane kI vyavasthA thI aura jo nimrantha vaisA karane meM samartha nahIM the, unake lie sImita artha meM acela (alpamUlya aura zveta vastradhArI) rahane kI vyavasthA thii| ___bhagavAn pArzva ke ziSya bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM isIlie khapa sake ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane tIrtha meM sacela aura acela-ina donoM vyavasthAoM ko mAnyatA dI thii| isa sacela aura acela ke prazna para hI nirgrantha-saMgha zvetAmbara aura digambara- ina do zAkhAoM meM vibhakta huA thaa| zvetAmbara-sAhitya ke anusAra jina-kalpI sAdhu vastra nahIM rakhate the aura sthavira-kalpI sAdhu vastra rakhate the| digambara sAhitya ke anusAra saba sAdhu vastra nahIM rakhate the| isa viSaya para pArvavartI paramparAoM kA bhI viloDana karanA apekSita hai| pUraNakazyapa ne samasta jIvoM kA vargIkaraNa kara chaha abhijAtiyA~ nizcita kI thiiN| usameM tIsarI-lohityAbhijAti-meM eka zATaka rakhane vAle nigranthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| 1. uttarAdhyayana, 23 / 29-33 / 2-dI sekreDa buka oNpha dI IsTa, bhAga 45, pR0 32 : ... It is probable that be borrowed them from the Akelakas or Agivikas, the followers of Gosala... 3-aMguttaranikAya, 6 / 63, chala bhijAti sutta, bhAga 3, pR0 86 / 4-vahI, 6 / 6 / 3 : tatridaM bhante, pUraNena kassapena lohitAbhijAti paJcattA, nigaNThA eka saattkaa|

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130 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . .. AcArAMga meM bhI eka zATaka rakhane kA ullekha hai|' aMguttaranikAya meM nirgranthoM ke nagna rUpa ko lakSita karake hI unheM 'ahrIka' kahA gayA hai| AcArAMga meM nirgranthoM ke lie acela rahane kA bhI vidhAna hai| viSNupurANa meM jaina-sAdhuoM ke nirvastra aura savastra-donoM rUpoM kA ullekha milatA hai| ____ ina sabhI ullekhoM se yaha jAna par3atA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke ziSya sacela aura acela-ina donoM avasthAoM meM rahate the| phira bhI acela avasthA ko adhika mahattva diyA gayA, isIlie kezI ke ziSyoM ke mana meM usake prati eka vitarka utpanna huA thaa| prArambha meM acela zabda kA artha nirvastra hI rahA hogA aura digambara, zvetAmbara saMgharSakAla meM usakA artha 'alpa vastra vAlA' yA 'malina vastra vAlA' huA hogA athavA eka vastradhArI nirgranthoM ke lie bhI acela kA prayoga huA hogaa| digambara-paramparA ne nirvastra rahane kA ekAntika Agraha kiyA aura zvetAmbara-paramparA ne nirvastra rahane kI sthiti ke viccheda kI ghoSaNA kii| isa prakAra sacela aura acela kA prazna, bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jisako samAhita kiyA thA, Age cala kara vivAdAspada bana gyaa| yaha vivAda adhika ugra taba banA, jaba AjIvaka zramaNa digambaroM meM vilIna ho rahe the| tAmila kAvya 'maNimekhale' meM jaina-zramaNoM ko nimrantha aura AjIvaka-ina do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kAla meM AjIvaka eka svataMtra sampradAya thaa| azoka aura dazaratha ke 'barAbara' tathA 'nAgArjunI guhA-lekhoM' se usake astitva kI jAnakArI milatI hai| unake zramaNoM ko guhAeM dAna meM dI gaI thii|5 sambhavataH I0 sa0 ke Arambha se AjIvaka mata kA ullekha prazastiyoM meM nahIM miltaa| DaoN. vAsudeva upAdhyAya ne saMbhAvanA kI hai ki AjIvaka brAhmaNa mata meM vilIna ho ge|6 kintu maNimekhale 1-AcArAMga, 1 / 8 / 4 / 52 : aduvA ega saadde| 2-aMguttaranikAya, 1088, bhAga 4, pR0 218 : ahirikA bhikkhave niggaNThA / 3-AcArAMga, 108 / 4 / 53 : aduvA shrcele| 4-viSNupurANa, aMza 3, adhyAya 18, zloka 10 : digvAsasAmayaM dharmoM, dharmo'yaM bahuvAsamAm / 5-prAcIna bhAratIya abhilekhoM kA adhyayana, khaNDa 2, pR0 22 / 6-vahI, khaNDa 1, pR. 126 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6 2-pArzva aura mahAvIra kA zAsana-bheda se yahI pramANita hotA hai ki AjIvaka-zramaNa digambara zramaNoM meM vilIna ho gae / ' AjIvaka nagnatva ke prabala samarthaka the| unake vilaya hone ke pazcAt sambhava hai ki digambara-paramparA meM bhI acelatA kA Agraha ho gyaa| yadi Agraha na ho to sacela aura acela-ina donoM avasthAoM kA sundara sAmaJjasya biThAyA jA sakatA hai, jaisA ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne biThAyA thaa| (5) pratikramaNa bhagavAna pArzva ke ziSyoM ke lie donoM sandhyAoM meM pratikramaNa karanA anivArya nahIM thA / jaba koI doSAcaraNa ho jAtA, taba ve usakA pratikramaNa kara lete / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne Ane ziSyoM ke lie donoM saMdhyAoM meM pratikramaNa karanA anivArya kara diyA, bhale phira koI doSAcaraNa huA ho yA na huA ho / ' (6) avasthita aura anavasthita kalpa bhagavAn pArzva aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana-bheda kA itihAsa dasa kalpoM meM milatA hai| unameM se cAturyAma dharma, acelatA, pratikramaNa para hama eka dRSTi DAla cuke haiN| bhagavAn pArzva ke ziSyoM ke lie-1-zayyAtara-piNDa (upAzraya dAtA ke ghara kA bhAhAra) na lenA, 2-cAturyAma-dharma kA pAlana karanA, 3-puruSa ko jyeSTha mAnanA, 4-dIkSA paryAya meM bar3e sAdhuoM ko vaMdanA karanA-ye cAra kalpa avasthita the| 1-acelatA, 2. auddezika, 3-pratikramaNa, 4-rAjapiNDa, 5-mAsakalpa, 6-paryuSaNa kalpa-ye chahoM kalpa anavasthita the-aicchika the / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke ziSyoM ke lie ye sabhI kalpa avasthita the, anivArya the / parihAra vizuddha cAritra bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dena thii| ise chedopasthApanIya cAritra kI bhA~ti 'avasthita kalpI' kahA gayA hai|4 * -- 1-buddhisTa sTaDIja, pR0 15 / 2-(ka) Avazyaka niyukti, 1244 / (kha) mUlAcAra 7 / 125-126 / 3-bhagavatI, 25 / 71787 : sAmAiya saMjame NaM bhaMte ! kiM Thiyakappe hojjA aTThiyakappe hojjA ? goyamA Thiyakappe vA hojjA aTThiyakappe vA hojjA, chedovaTThAvaNiyasaMjae pucchA, goyamA ! Thiyakappe hojjA. no aTThiyakappe hojjaa| 4-bhagavatI, 2517787 /

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prakaraNa : sAtavA~ 1-sAdhanA-paddhati sAdhya kI sampUrti ke lie sAdhanA-paddhati apekSita hotI hai| pratyeka darzana ne apane sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie usakA vikAsa kiyA hai| unameM se jaina-darzata bhI eka hai| .. - sAMkhya-darzana kI sAdhanA-paddhati kA avikala rUpa maharSi pataMjali ke yoga-darzana meM milatA hai / vaha I0 pU0 dusaro zatAbdI kI racanA hai| pANini ke bhASyakAra, caraka ke prati-saMskatto aura yoga-darzana ke kartA maharSi pataJjali eka hI vyakti haiN| ataH unakA astitvakAla pANinI ke bAda kA hai| maurya sAmrAjya kA astitva I0 pU0 322 se 185 taka mAnA jAtA hai| mauya-vaMza kA aMtima rAjA bRhadratha thaa| vaha I0 pU0 185 meM apane senApati puSyamitra dvArA mArA gayA thaa| maharSi pataMjali puSyamitra ke samakAlIna the / isa tathya ke AdhAra para unakA astitva kAla I0e0 dasarI zatAbdI hai| bauddha-darzana kA sAdhanA mArga 'abhidhammakoSa' (I0 san pA~cavI zatAbdI) aura 'visuddhimagga' (I0 san pA~cavIM zatAbdI) meM upalabdha hai| uttarAdhyayana ukta tInoM granthoM se pUrvavartI hai| yoga sUtrakAra pataJjali aura mahAbhASyakAra pataJjali eka vyakti nahIM the, yaha nagendranAtha vasu kA abhimata hai|' unake anusAra mahAbhASyakAra ke bahuta pahale kAtyAyana ne apane vArtika (6 / 1 / 64) meM pataJjali kA spaSTa nAmollekha kiyA hai / ata: yaha nizvita hai ki yoga sUtrakAra pataJjali kAtyAyana ke pUrvavartI haiN| kucha vidvAna yoga sUtrakAra pataJjali ko pANini se pUrvavartI mAnate haiM, kintu yaha Thoka nahIM hai| pANini ne kahIM para bhI pataJjali, pAtaMjala darzana pratipAdya kisI pAribhASika zabda kA ullekha nahIM kiyaa| pataJjali ne apane yoga-darzana meM aise aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, jo vaidika-sAhitya ke pAribhASika zabdoM se bhinna haiM aura zramaNoM ke pAribhASika zabdoM se abhinna haiN| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki pajaJjali kI dRSTi meM zramaNoM ko sAdhanApaddhati pratibimbita thii| sAdhya jaina-darzana ke anusAra manuSya kA sAdhya hai-mokSa yA Atmopalabdhi / AtmA kA svarUpa hai-jJAna, samyaktva aura viitraagtaa| samyaktva vikRta, jJAna AvRtta aura vItarAgatA 1-vizvakoSa, bhAga 13, pR0 254 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 1-sAdhanA-paddhati aprakaTita hotI haiM, taba taka hara vyakti ke lie apanI AtmA sAdhya hotI hai aura jaba samyaktva mala rahita, jJAna anAvRtta aura vItarAgatA prakaTa hotI hai, taba vaha svayaM siddha ho jAtI hai| sAdhya kI siddhi ke lie jina hetuoM kA Alambana liyA jAtA hai, unheM 'sAdhana' aura unake abhyAsa krama ko 'sAdhanA' kahA jAtA hai| sAdhana mokSa ke sAdhana cAra haiM-(1) jJAna, (2) darzana, (2) cAritra aura (4) tapa / ' jJAna se satya jAnA jAtA hai aura darzana (samyaktva) se satya ke prati zraddhA hotI hai, isalie ye donoM satya kI prApti ke sAdhana haiN| cAritra se Ane vAle karmoM kA nirodha hotA hai aura tapa se pUrva saMcita karma kSINa hote haiM, isalie ye donoM satya kI upalabdhi ke sAdhana haiM / ye cAroM samudita rUpa se mokSa yA Atmopalabdhi ke sAdhana haiN| sAdhanA mokSa ke sAdhana cAra haiM, isalie usakI sAdhanA ke bhI mukhya prakAra cAra haiM-(1) jJAna kI sAdhanA, (2) darzana kI sAdhanA, (3) cAritra kI sAdhanA aura (4) tapa kI saadhnaa| (1) jJAna kI sAdhanA ke pA~ca aMga haiM(1) vAcanA pddh'aanaa| (2) pratipRcchA--- prazna puuchnaa| (3) parivartanA- punarAvRtti krnaa| (4) anuprekSA- cintana krnaa| (5) dharma kathA- dharma-carcA krnaa| jJAna kI ArAdhanA karane se ajJAna kSINa hotA hai / jJAna-sampanna jIva saMsAra meM vinaSTa nahIM hotaa| jisa prakAra dhAgA piroI sUI girane para bhI guma nahIM hotI, usI prakAra jJAna-yukta. jovana saMsAra meM vilupta nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jJAna kA utanA hI samarthana kiyA, jitanA ki cAritra kaa| isalie jaina-darzana ko hama kevala jJAna-yoga kA samarthaka nahIM kaha skte| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 28 / 3 / 2-vahI, 28 // 35 // 3-vahI, 29 / 16-24 / 4-vahI, 29 / 59 /

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134 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - (2) darzana kI sAdhanA ke 8 aMga haiM (1) niHzaMkita / (2) nisskaaNkssit| (3) nirvicikitsaa| (4) amUr3ha-dRSTi / (5) upabRhaNa / (6) sthirIkaraNa / (7) vAtsalya / (8) prbhaavnaa| darzana jaina-saMgha ke saMgaThana kA mUla AdhAra rahA hai| pahalA AdhAra hai-AsthA yA abhaya / ekasUtratA kA mUla bIja AsthA hai| svasammata lakSya ke prati AsthAvAn hue binA koI bhI pragati nahIM kara sktaa| lakSya ke sAtha tAdAtmya ho, yaha saMgaThana kI pahalI apekSA hai| abhaya bhI aisI ho anivArya apekSA hai| mana meM bhaya ho to lakSya ko pakar3A hI nahIM jA sakatA aura pUrva gRhIta ho to usa para TikA nahIM jA sktaa| : bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dRSTi meM saba doSoM kA mUla hai hiMsA aura hiMsA kA mUla hai bhaya / koI vyakti abhaya hokara hI apane lakSya kI ora svataMtra gati se cala sakatA hai| . ____saMgaThana kA dUsarA AdhAra hai-lakSya ke prati dRr3ha anurAga yA vaicArika sthirtaa| jagat meM aneka saMgaThana aura unake bhinna-bhinna lakSya hote haiN| sva-sammata lakSya ke prati dRr3ha anurAga na ho to mana kabhI kisI ko pakar3anA cAhatA hai aura kabhI kisI ko| vicAroM meM eka aMdhar3a sA calatA rahatA hai| isa prakAra vyakti aura saMgaThana donoM hI svastha nahIM bana skte| tIsarA AdhAra hai-svIkRta sAdhanoM kI saphalatA meM vizvAsa / hara saMgaThana kA apanA sAdhya hotA hai aura apane sAdhana hote haiN| kisI bhI sAdhana se taba taka sAdhya nahIM sadhatA, jaba taka sAdhaka ko usakI saphalatA meM vizvAsa na ho| isa sAdhana se amuka sAdhana kI siddhi nizcita hogI-aisA mAne binA saMgaThana kA mArga avaruddha ho jAtA hai| saMgaThana kA cauthA AdhAra-stambha hai-amUr3ha-dRSTi / dUsare vicAroM ke prati hamArI sadbhAvanA ho, yaha sahI hai para yaha sahI nahIM ki apanI nIti se virodhI vicAroM ke prati hamArI sahamati ho| yadi aisA ho to hamArA dRSTikoNa vizuddha nahIM raha sakatA aura hamAre saMgaThana aura kArya praNAlI kA koI svataMtra rUpa bhI nahIM raha sktaa| saMgaThana ke lie yaha bahuta apekSita hai ki usakA anuyAyI vinamra ho para 'saba samAna haiM' isa aviveka kA samarthaka na ho|

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 1-sAdhanA-paddhati 135 pA~cavA~ AdhAra hai-upabRhaNa / saMgaThana kI AtmA hai---guNa yA vishesstaa| guNa aura avaguNa-ye donoM manuSya ke sahacArI haiN| guNa kI vRddhi aura avaguNa kA zodhana karanA saMgaThana ke lie bahuta hI Avazyaka hotA hai / para isameM bahuta satarkatA baratI jAnI caahie| avagaNa kA pratikAra honA cAhie para use prasArita kara saMgaThana ke sAmane jaTilatA paidA nahIM karanI cAhie / guNa kA vikAsa karanA cAhie para usake prati IrSyA yA unmAda na ho, aisI sajagatA rahanI caahie| isI sUtra ke AdhAra para yaha vicAra vikasita huA thA ki jo eka sAdhu kI pUjA karatA hai, vaha saba sAdhuoM kI pUjA karatA hai yAni sAdhutA kI pUjA karatA hai| jo eka sAdhu kI avahelanA karatA hai, vaha saba sAdhuoM kI avahelanA karatA hai yAni sAdhutA kI avahelanA karatA hai| saMgaThana kA chaThA AdhAra hai-sthirIkaraNa / aneka logoM kA eka lakSya ke prati AkRSTa honA bhI kaThina hai aura usase bhI kaThina hai, usa para Tike rahanA / Antarika aura bAharI aise dabAva hote haiM ki AdamI daba jAtA hai| zArIrika aura mAnasika aisI paristhitiyA~ hotI haiM ki AdamI parAjita ho jAtA hai / taba vaha lakSya ko chor3a kara dUra bhAganA cAhatA hai / usa samaya use lakSya meM phira se sthira karanA saMgaThana ke lie bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| sthirIkaraNa ke heta aneka ho sakate haiN| unameM sabase baDA hetu hai vAtsalya aura yahI sAtavA~ AdhAra hai / sevA aura saMvibhAga isI sUtra para vikasita hue haiN| bhagavAn ne kahA--"asaMvibhAgI ko mokSa nahIM miltaa| jo saMvibhAga ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha apane Apako anagina baMdhanoM meM jakar3a letA hai, phira mukti kI kalpanA kahA~ ?" isI sUtra ke AdhAra para uttaravartI AcAryo ne bhagavAn ke mu~ha se kahalAyA ki jo rogI sAdhu ko sevA karatA hai, vaha merI sevA karatA hai aura ekAtmatA kI bhASA meM gAyA gayA"bhinna-bhinna deza meM utpanna hue, bhinna-bhinna AhAra se zarIra bar3hA kintu jaise hI ve jina-zAsana meM Ae, vaise hI saba bhAI ho gae !" yaha bhAIcArA aura sevAbhAva hI saMgaThana kI sudRr3ha AdhAra-zilA hai| - AThavA~ AdhAra hai prbhaavnaa| vahI saMgaThana Tika sakatA hai jo prabhAvazAlI hotA hai| lakSya pUrti ke sAdhanoM ko prabhAvazAlI banAe rakhe binA unakI ora kisI kA jhukAva hI nahIM hotaa| dUsaroM ke mana ko bhAvita karane kI kSamatA rakhane vAle hI saMgaThana ko prabhAvazAlI banA sakate haiN| vidyA, kalA, kauzala, vaktRtva Adi zaktiyoM kA vikAsa aura parAkrama sahaja hI jana-mAnasa ko prabhAvita kara detA hai| saMgaThana ke lie aise pAragAmI vyakti bhI sadA apekSita hote haiN| * saMgaThana ke lie jo ATha AdhAra bhagavAn ne batAe, unameM se pahale cAra vaiyaktika / haiN| koI bhI vyakti unase apanI AtmA kI sahAyatA karatA hai aura sAtha-sAtha saMgha

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ko bhI lAbhAnvita karatA hai| antima cAra se vyakti dUsaroM kI sahAyatA kara saMgha ko zaktizAlI banAtA hai| darzana-vihIna vyakti ke jJAna nahIM hotA, jJAna ke binA cAritra nahIM hotA, cAritra ke binA mokSa nahIM hotA aura mokSa ke binA nirvANa nahIM hotaa|' darzana sampanna vyakti bhava-paramparA kA aMta pA letA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ne darzana ko utanA hI mahattva diyA, jitanA jJAna aura cAritra ko| isIlie hama jaina-darzana ko kevala zraddhA ( yA bhakti ) yoga kA samarthaka nahIM kaha skte| (3) cAritra kI sAdhanA ke pA~ca aMga hai-- (1) sAmAyika / (2) chedopasthApana / (3) prihaarvishuddhiiy| (4) suukssmsNpraay| (5) yathAkhyAta / cAritra sammanna vyakti sthira banatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne cAritra ko jJAna aura darzana kA sAra kahA hai| jaina-darzana kevala cAritra-karma yoga kA samarthaka nahIM haiN| (1) tapa kI sAdhanA ke bAraha aMga hai(1) anazana / 6 uunodrii| (3) bhikssaacrii| (4) rs-prityaag| (5) kaay-klesh| (6) saMlInatA (vivikta-zayanAsana) (7) prAyazcitta / 1-uttarAdhyayana, 28 / 30 / 2-vahI, 29 / 60 / 3-vahI, 28132-33 / 4-vahI, 29 / 61 / 5-uttarAdhyayana 308,30 / 6-uttarAdhyayana ke TippaNa, 30112,13 kA TippaNa / 7-uttarAdhyayana ke TippaNa, 30 / 25 kA ttippnn| .

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137 khaNDa: 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga ...... (5) vinaya / () vaiyaavRtty| (10) svAdhyAya / (11) dhyAna / (12) vyutsrg| jaina-darzana anekAntavAdI hai| isIlie vaha kore to-yoga kA samarthaka nahIM hai / vaha zraddhA, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa meM sAmaJjasya sthApita karatA hai aura kevala zraddhA, jJAna, cAritra yA tapa ko mAnyatA dene vAle usakI dRSTi meM apUrNa haiM / 2-yoga jaina yoga kI aneka zAkhAeM haiM-darzana-yoga, jJAna-yoga, cAritra-yoga, tapo-yoga, svAdhyAya-yoga, dhyAna-yoga, bhAvanA-yoga, sthAna-yoga, gamana-yoga aura aataapnaa-yog| darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapo-yoga kI carcA sAdhanA ke prakaraNa meM kI jA cukI hai| svAdhyAya-yoga jJAna-yoga kA hI eka prakAra hai / svAdhyAya aura dhyAna-yoga kA samAveza tapo-yoga meM bhI hotA hai| isa prakaraNa meM hama bhAvanA, sthAna, gamana aura AtApanAina yogoM kI carcA kreNge| bhAvanA-yoga sAdhanA ke prArambha meM prAcIna jIvana kA vighaTana aura nae jIvana kA nirmANa karanA hotA hai| isa prakriyA meM bhAvanA kA bahuta bar3A upayoga hai| jina ceSTAoM va saMkalpoM dvArA mAnasika vicAroM ko bhAvita yA vAsita kiyA jAtA hai, unheM 'bhAvanA' kahA jAtA hai| maharSi pataJjali ne bhAvanA aura japa meM abheda mAnA hai| . bhAvanA ke aneka prakAra haiM / jJAna, darzana, cAritra, bhakti Adi jina-jina ceSTAoM va abhyAsoM se mAnasa ko bhAvita kiyA jAtA hai, ve saba bhAvanAeM haiM arthAt bhAvanAe~ asaMkhya haiN| phira bhI unake kaI vargIkaraNa milate haiN| pA~ca mahAvrata kI paccIsa 1-pAsaNAhacariyaM, pR0 460 : bhAvijjai vAsijjai jIe jIvo visukhaceTTAe sA bhAvaNatti bucci| . 2-pAtaJjala yoga, sUtra 1128 : tajjapastadarthabhAvanam / 3-pAsaNAhacariyaM, pR0 460 /

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138 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bhAvanAeM haiN| dharma aura zukla dhyAna kI cAra-cAra anuprekSAe~ haiM / 2 ve milita rUpa meM pATha bhAvanAeM haiN| ye donoM AgamakAlIna vargIkaraNa haiN| tattvArtha sUtra meM bAraha bhAvanAoM kA eka vargIkaraNa' aura dUsarA vargIkaraNa cAra bhAvanAoM kA prApta hotA hai|4 ___ ina donoM vargIkaraNoM kI solaha bhAvanAe~ prakIrNa rUpa meM AgamoM meM milatI haiM, kintu inakA vargIkRta rUpa uttarakAla meM hI huaa| __mahAvratoM kI bhAvanAeM unakI sthiratA ke lie haiN| pratyeka mahAvrata kI pA~ca-pA~ca bhAvanAeM haiN| ahiMsA-mahAvrata (1) IryAsamiti / (2) mn-prijnyaa| (3) vcn-prijnyaa| ... - (4) AdAna-nikSepa smiti| (5) Alokita-pAna-bhojana / satya-mahAtrata (1) anuviici-bhaassnn| tyAkhyAna / (3) lobh-prtyaakhyaan| (4) abhaya (bhy-prtyaakhyaan)| (5) hAsya-pratyAkhyAna / acaurya-mahAvrata . (1) anuvIci-mitAvagraha-yAcana / . (2) anujJApita pAna-bhojana / (3) avagraha kA avadhAraNa / (4) atimAtra aura praNIta pAna-bhojana kA varjana / (5) strI Adi se saMsakta zayanAsana kA varjana / 1-uttarAdhyayana, 31117 / 2-sthAnAMga, 4 / 12247 / 3-tattvArtha, 97 / 4-vahI, 76 / 5-tattvArtha, 7 / 3: tatsthairyArtha bhAvanAH paMca pNc| 6-AcArAMga, 2 // 3 // 15 // 402 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 7.... .....2-yoga. aparigraha-mahAvrata (1) manojJa aura amanojJa zabda meM samabhAva / (2) manojJa aura amanojJa rUpa meM samabhAva / (3) manojJa aura amanojJa gandha meM samabhAva / (4) manojJa aura amanojJa rasa meM samabhAva / (5) manojJa aura amanojJa sparza meM samabhAva / dharmya-dhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~ haiM- (1) ekatva, (3) azaraNa aura (2) anitya, (4) saMsAra / ' zukla-dhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAeM haiM (1) anantavartitA-bhava-paramparA ananta hai, (2) vipariNAma- vastu vividha rUpoM meM pariNata hotI rahatI hai, (3) azubha- saMsAra azubha hai aura (4) apAya- jitane Azrava haiM, bandhana ke hetu haiM, ve saba mUla doSa haiN| inameM se dharmya-dhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~ bAraha bhAvanAoM ke varga meM saMgrahIta haiN| bAraha bhAvanAeM isa prakAra haiM(1) anitya (7) Azrava .. (2) azaraNa (8) saMvara (3) saMsAra (6) nirjarA . .. (4) ekatva (5) anyatva (11) bodhi-durlabha (6) azuddhi (12) dharma cAra bhAvanAeM (1) maitrI . (2) pramoda (3) kAruNya (4) mAdhyasthya ina bhAvanAoM ke abhyAsa se moha-nivRtti hotI hai aura satya kI upalabdhi hotI (10) loka 1-sthAnAMga, 4 / 1 / 247 / - 2-vahI, 412247 /

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140 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-"jisakI AtmA bhAvanA-yoga se zuddha hai, vaha jala meM naukA ke samAna hai, vaha taTa ko prApta kara saba duHkhoM se mukta ho jAtA hai|" AgamoM meM inakA prakIrNa rUpa isa prakAra haianitya-bhAvanA __dhIra puruSa ko muhUrta-bhara bhI pramAda nahIM karanA cAhie / avasthA bItI jA rahI hai| yauvana calA A rahA hai / 2 . azaraNa-bhAvanA sage-sambandhI tumhAre lie trANa nahIM haiM aura tuma bhI unake lie trANa nahIM ho / ' saMsAra-bhAvanA isa janma-maraNa ke cakkara meM eka palaka-bhara bhI sukha nahIM hai / ekatva-bhAvanA AdamI akelA janmatA hai aura akelA maratA hai| usakI saMjJA, vijJAna aura vedanA bhI vyaktigata hotI hai / anyatva-bhAvanA - kAma-bhoga mujhase bhinna haiM aura maiM unase bhinna huuN| padArtha mujhase bhinna haiM aura maiM unase bhinna huuN| azauca-bhAvanA yaha zarIra apavitra hai, aneka rogoM kA Alaya hai| . :-sUtrakRtAGga, 1115 / 5 : bhAvaNAjogasuddhappA jale NAzava AhiyA / nAvA va tIrasaMpannA savvadukkhA tiuTTai // 2-(ka) AcArAMga, 1 / 2 / 1 / (kha) uttarAdhyayana, 13 // 31 / 3-(ka) uttarAdhyayana, 6 / 3 / (kha) AcArAMga, 112 / 1 / 4-uttarAdhyayana, 19 / 74 / 5-vahI, 18:14-15 / 6-sUtrakRtAMga, 2 / 1 / 13 / 7-uttarAdhyayana, 1027 //

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 7 . . .. 2-yoga 141 Azrava-bhAvanA Azrava-karma-bandhana ke hetu kAra bhI haiM, nIce bhI haiM aura madhya meM bhI haiN|' saMvara aura nirjarA bhAvanA nAle banda kara dene va andara ke jala ko ulIca-uloca kara bAhara nikAla dene para jaisa mahAtAlAba sUkha jAtA hai, vaise hI Azrava-dvAroM ko banda kara dene aura pUrva saMcita karmoM ko tapasyA ke dvArA nirjINa karane para AtmA pudgala-mukta ho jAtI hai| loka-bhAvanA jo lokadarzI hai, vaha loka ke adhobhAga ko bhI jAnatA hai, Urdhva-bhAga ko bhI jAnatA hai aura tiryaga-bhAga ko bhI jAnatA hai| bodhi-durlabha-bhAvanA ___ jAgo ! kyoM nahIM jAga rahe ho ? bodhi bahuta durlabha hai / 4 dharma-bhAvanA dharma-jIvana kA pAtheya hai| yAtrI ke pAsa pAtheya hotA hai, to usakI yAtrA sukha se sampanna ho jAtI hai| isI prakAra jisake pAsa dharma kA pAtheya hotA hai, usakI jIvana yAtrAeM sukha se sampanna hotI haiN|" maitrI-bhAvanA saba jIva mere mitra haiM / pramoda-bhAvanA tumhArA Arjava AzcaryakArI hai aura AzcaryakArI hai tumhArA mArdava / uttama hai tumhArI kSamA aura uttama hai tumhArI mukti|' kAruNya bhAvanA bandhana se mukta karane kA prayatla aura cintana / ' 1-AcArAMga, 115 / 6 / 170 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 3015-6 / 3-AcArAMga, 12 / 5 / 4-sUtrakRtAGga, 112 / 11 / 5-uttarAdhyayana, 19 / 18-21 / 6-vahI, 6 / 2 / 7-bahI, 9 / 57 / -vahI, 13 / 19 /

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142 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayanaM . : .. mAdhyasthya-bhAvanA ___samajhAne-bujhAne para bhI sAmane vAlA vyakti doSa kA tyAga na kare, usa sthiti meM uttejita na honA, kintu yogyatA kI vicitratA kA cintana karanA / ' bhAvanA-yoga ke dvArA. vAJchanIya saMskAroM kA nirmANa kara avAJchanIya saMskAroM kA unmUlana kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhAvanA-yoga se vizuddha dhyAna kA krama, jo vicchinna hotA hai, vaha punaH sadha jAtA hai| sthAna-yoga pataJjali ke aSTAGga-yoga meM tIsarA aGga Asana hai| jaina yoga meM Asana ke artha meM 'sthAna' zabda kA prayoga milatA hai| Asana kA artha hai 'baitthnaa'| sthAna kA artha hai 'gati ko nivRtti' / sthiratA Asana kA mahattvapUrNa svarUpa hai| vaha khar3e raha kara, baiTha kara, aura leTa kara tInoM prakAra se kI jA sakatI hai / isa dRSTi se Asana kI apekSA 'sthAna' zabda adhika vyApaka hai| sthAna-yoga ke tIna prakAra haiM (1) Urdhva-sthAna, (2) niSIdana-sthAna aura (3) zayana-sthAna / Urdhva-sthAna-yoga khar3e raha kara kie jAne vAle sthAnoM ko 'Urdhva-sthAna-yoga' kahA jAtA hai| AcArya zivakoTi ke anusAra Urdhva-sthAna ke sAta prakAra haiM 1-uttarAdhyayana, 13 / 23 / 2-yogazAstra, 4 / 122 : AtmAnaM bhAvayannAbhirbhAvanAbhirmahAmatiH / truTitAmapi saMdhatte, vizuddhadhyAnasantatim // 3-oghaniyukti bhAjya, gAthA 152 : uDDhanisIyatuyaTTaNa ThANaM tivihaM tu hoi nAyavvaM / 4-mUlArAdhanA, 3223 : sAdhAraNaM savicAraM saNiruddhaM taheva vosttuN| samapAda megapAdaM, giddholINaM ca ThANANi //

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 .. 2-yoga ... 143 (1) sAdhAraNa- pramArjita khambhe Adi ke sahAre nizcala hokara khar3e rhnaa|' (2) savicAra- jahA~ sthita ho, vahA~ se dUsare sthAna meM jAkara eka prahara, eka dina Adi nizcita-kAla taka nizcala hokara khar3e rahanA / ' (3) saniruddha-- jahA~ sthita ho, vahIM nizcala hokara khar3e rahanA / (4) vyutsarga- kAyotsarga karanA / (5) samapAda- pairoM ko samazreNi meM sthApita kara (saTA kara) khar3e rhnaa|" (6) eka pAda- eka paira para khar3e rahanA / / (7) gRddhoDDIna---- ur3ate hue gIdha ke paMkhoM kI bhA~ti bAhoM ko phailA kara khar3e rahanA / .. . . niSIdana-sthAna-yoga ___ baiTha kara kie jAne vAle sthAnoM ko 'niSIdana-sthAna-yoga' kahA jAtA hai| usake aneka prakAra haiM / sthAnAMga meM pA~ca prakAra kI niSadyAeM batalAI gaI haiM 1-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 223, vijayodayA, vRtti : sAdhAraNaM-pramRpTastaMbhAdika mupAzritya sthAnam / 2--vahI, 3.223, vijayodayA, vRtti: / savicAraM-sasaMkramaM pUrvarathAnAt sthAnAntare gatvA praharadivasAdi paricchedenA vasthAna mityarthaH / 3-vahI, 23223, vijayodayA, vRtti : ___ saNiruddhaM nizcalamavasthAnam / .. 4--vahI, 3 / 223, vijayodayA, vRtti : vosaTuM-kAyotsargam / 5-vahI, 3 / 223, vijayodayA vRtti : samapAdo-samau pAdau kRtvA sthAnam / 6-vahI, 3 / 223, vijayodayA, vRtti : ekapAdaM-ekena pAdena avasthAnam / 7-vahI, 33223, vijayodayA, vRtti : giddholINaM-gRddhasyodhvagamana miva bAhU prsaaryaavsthaanm| 8-sthAnAMga, 5 / 400 : paMca nisijjAo paM0 saM0-upakuDutI, godohitA samapAdaputA palikA, addhplitNkaa| ..-.... .... ... . .....

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144 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / (1) utkaTukA--- ukaDU Asana--putoM ko UMcA rakha kara pairoM ke bala para beThanA / / (2) godohikA- gAya ko duhate samaya baiThane kA Asana / 2 eDiyoM ko uThA kara paMje ke bala para baitthnaa| .. (3) samapAdaputA-pairoM aura putoM ko saTA kara bhUmi para baiThanA / / (4) paryaGkA- pairoM ko mor3a piMDaliyoM ke Ara jA~dhoM ko rakha kara baiThanA aura eka hastatala para dUsarA hastatala jamA nAbhi ke pAsa rkhnaa| (5) arddha-paryaGkA- eka paira ko mor3a, piMDalI ke UAra jA~gha ko rakhanA aura dUsare paira ke paMjoM ko bhUmi para TikA kara ghuTane ko Upara kI ora rkhnaa| bRhatkalpa bhASya meM niSadyA ke pA~ca prakAra kucha parivartana ke sAtha upalabdha hote haiM (1) samapAda putaa| (2) goniSadhikA- gAya kI taraha baiThanA / / (3) hastizuNDikA-putoM ke bala para baiTha kara eka paira ko UMcA rkhnaa| (4) pryngkaa| (5) arddh-pryngkaa| 1-(ka) sthAnAMga, 5 // 400 vRtti : AsanAlagnaputaH pAdAbhyAmasthita utkuTuka stasya yA sA uskuttukaa| (kha) mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 224, vRtti / 2-sthAnAMga, 1400 vRtti : gordohanaM godohikA tadvadyA yA'sau godohikaa| 3-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 224, vRtti : godohagA-gordohe Asana miva pANidvaya mukSipyAgrapAdAmyAmAsanam / 4-sthAnAMga, 52400, vRtti : samau-samatayA bhUlagnau pAdau ca putau ca yasyAM sA smpaadputaa| 5-bRhatkalpa bhAjya, gAthA 5953, vRtti : niSadyA nAma upavezana vizeSAH, tAH paJcavidhAH, tadyayA-samapAvatA goniSadhikA hastizuNDi kA paryakArdhaparyaGkA ceti / 6-vahI, gAthA 5953, vRtti : yasyAM tu gorivopavezanaM sA gonissdhikaa| 7-vahI, gAthA 5953, vRttiH / yatra putAbhyAmupavizyakaM pAvamutpATayati sA hstishunnddikaa|

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 145 ___ inameM utkaTikA aura godohikA nahIM haiN| unake sthAna para hastizuNDikA aura goniSadyakA haiM / yaha parivartana paramparA-bheda kA sUcaka hai| ___ sthAnAMga, aupapAtika, bRhatkalpa, dazAzrutaskaMdha Adi AgamoM meM vIrAsana, daNDAyata, AmrakubjikA tathA uttaravartI granthoM meM vajrAsana, sukhAsana, padmAsana, bhadrAsana, zavAsana, samapada, makaramukha, hastizuNDi, goniSadyA, kukkuTAsana Adi Asana bhI upalabdha hote haiN|' . (1) vIrAsana- kursI para baiThane se zarIra kI jo sthiti hotI hai, usa sthiti meM kursI ke binA sthita rhnaa| (2) daNDAyata-- daNDa kI bhA~ti lambA ho kara paira pasAra kara baitthnaa| (3) AmrakubjikA- Amra-phala kI bhA~ti Ter3hA hokara baiThanA / 2 . (4) vajrAsana- __bAeM paira ko dAI jA~gha para aura dAeM paira ko bAI jA~gha para rakha kara hAthoM ko vajrAkAra rUpa meM pIche le jAkara pairoM - ke aMgUThe pakar3anA / yaha baddhapadmAsana jaisI sthiti hai| 1-(ka) mUlArAdhanA, 32324-225 : samapaliyaMkaNisejjA, godohiyA ya ukkuddiyaa| magaramuha hasthisuMDI, goNaNisejjaddhapaliyaMkA // vIrAsaNaM ca daMDA ya,........." (kha) jJAnArNava, 28 / 10: paryaGka maddhepayeGka, vajravIrAsanaM tathA / sukhAravindapUrve ca, kAyotsargazca sammataH // (ga) yogazAstra, 4 / 124 : paryavIra-vajrAbja-bhadra-daNDAsanAni c| . utkaTikA godohikA kAyotsargastathAsanam // (gha) amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 8 / 45-48 / (Ga) mUlArAdhanA, amitagati, 3 / 223-224 : samasphigaM samasphikkaM, kRtyaM kukkuTakAsanam / bahudhetyAsanaM sAdhoH kAyakleza vidhAyinaH // kodaNDalagaDAdaNDa, zavazayyApurassaram / kartavyA bahudhA zayyA, zarIraklezakAriNA // 2-pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 584 vRtti : Amrakubjo vA Amraphalavad vakrAkAreNAvasthitaH / 3-yogazAstra, 4.127 /

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146 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . . (5) sukhAsana-bAeM paira ko usake nIce aura dAeM paira ko jaMghA ke Upara rakha kara baitthnaa| (6) padmAsana- dAeM paira ko bAI jaMghA para aura bAeM paira ko dAI jaMghA para rakha kara baitthnaa| (7) bhadrAsana- vRSaNa ke Age donoM pAda-taloM ko saMpuTa kara (sIvanI ke bAeM bhAga meM bAeM paira kI er3o rakha ) donoM hAthoM ko kUrma mudrA ke AkAra meM sthApita kara baiThanA / / (8) gavAsana-- gAya kI taraha baiThanA / goniSadyA aura gavAsana eka hI pratIta hotA hai| gheraNDa saMhitA meM jo go-mukhAsana kA ullekha hai, vaha isase bhinna hai / amitagati ke anusAra sAviyA~ isI Asana meM baiTha kara sAdhuoM ko vaMdana kiyA karatI thiiN| (6) samapada- jaMghA aura kaTi-bhAga ko samarekhA meM rakha kara baitthnaa| (10) mAramukha-donoM pairoM ko magara-muMha kI AkRti meM avasthita kara baiThanA / 5 gheraNDa saMhitA meM makarAsana kA ullekha hai / vaha auMdhe mukha sokara chAtI ko bhUmi para TikA donoM hAthoM ko phailA unase sira ko pakar3a kara kiyA jAtA hai| . 1-yazastilaka, 39 / 2-yogazastra, 4 / 130 sammuTIkRtya mukAne, talapAdo tathopari / pANirucchapikA kuryAt, yatra bhadrAsanaM tu tat // 3 amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 8 / 48 : gavAsanaM jinaruktamAryANAM ytivNdne| 4-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 224, vijayodayA vRtti : samapadaM-sphipiMDasamakaraNenAsanam / 5-vahI, 33224, vijayodayA, vRtti : makarasya mukha miva kRtvA pAvAvavasthAnam /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2 -yoga 147 (11) hastizuNDi-eka paira ko saMkucita kara dUsare paira ko usa para phailA kara, hAthI ___ kI sa~Da ke AkAra meM sthApita kara baiThanA / (12) goniSadyA- donoM jaMghAoM ko sikor3a kara gAya kI taraha baitthnaa| (13) kukkuTAsana-padmAsana kara donoM hAtha ko donoM ora jA~gha aura piMDaliyoM ke bIca DAla donoM paMjoM ke bala utthita-padmAsana kI mudrA meM honA / zayana-sthAna-yoga __ so kara kie jAne vAle sthAnoM ko 'zayana-sthAna-yoga' kahA jAtA hai| bRhatkalpa meM usake cAra prakAra milate haiN| mRtaka zayana ( =zavAsana ) aura Urdhva zayana-ye do prakAra uttaravartI granthoM meM milate haiM / 2 ve isa prakAra haiM (1) lagaNDa zayana-vakra-kASTha kI bhA~ti eDiyoM aura sira ko bhUmi se saTA kara zeSa zarIra ko Upara uThA kara sonA / ' (2) uttAnazayana-sIdhA lettnaa| zavAsana meM hAtha-pA~va alaga rahate haiM, parantu isameM donoM pA~va mile raha kara donoM hAtha bagala meM rahate haiN| (3) adhomukha zayana-auMdhA leTanA / ... (4) eka pArzva zayana-dAI aura bAI karavaTa leTanA / eka paira ko saMkucita kara dUsare paira ko usake jAra se le jAkara phailAnA aura donoM hAthoM ko lambA kara sira kI ora phailaanaa| 1-(ka) mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 224, vijayodayA vRtti : hastisuMDI-hasti hastaprasAraNamiva ekaM pAdaM prasAryAsanam / ..(kha) mUlArAdhanA darpaNa : hastisuMDI-hastihastaprasAraNamiva ekaM pAdaM saMkocya tadupari dvitIthaM pAdaM prasAryAsanam / 2-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 225: / / ........... uDDhamAI ya lagaMDasAyI ya / uttANomacchiya egapAsasAI ya maDayasAI ya / / - 3-bRhatkalpa bhAjya, gAthA 5954, vRtti : lagaNDaM kila-duHsasthitaM kASTham, tadvat kubjatayA mastakapANikAnAM bhuvi laganena pRSThasya cAlaganenetyathaH, yA tathAvidhAbhigraha vizeSeNa zete sA lgnnddshaayinii|

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148. uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . (5) mRtaka zayana-zavAsana / ' (6) Urdhva zayana- U~cA hokara sonA / (7) dhanurAsana- peTa ke bala sIdhA leTa, donoM pairoM ko kAra kI ora uThA, donoM hAthoM se unheM pakar3a lenA / pataJjali ne Asana kI vyAkhyA kI hai, kintu usake prakAroM kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai / bhASyakAra vyAsa ne 13 AsanoM kA ullekha kiyA hai(1) padmAsana, (6) sopAzraya, (11) samasaMsthAna, (2) bhadrAsana, (7) paryaGka, (12) sthirasukha aura (3) vIrAsana, (8) krauMcaniSadana, (13) yathAsukha / (4) svastikAsana, (6) hastiniSadana, (5) daNDAsana, (10) USTraniSadana AsanoM ke artha-bheda kucha AsanoM ke artha samAna haiM to kucha eka AsanoM ke artha samAna nahIM haiM / paryaGka, ardha-paryaGka, vIrAsana, utkaTikA, hastizuNDikA, daNDAyata-ina AsanoM ke artha vibhinna prakAra se upalabdha hote haiN| abhayadeva sUri ( vi0 saM0 kI 11vIM zatAbdI) ne paryaGka aura arddha-paryaGka Asana kA artha kramazaH 'padmAsana' aura 'arddha-padmAsana' kiyA hai| __ AcArya hemacandra ( vi0 saM0 ko 12 vIM zatAbdI) ne padmAsana ko paryaGkAsana se bhinna mAnA hai|4 ___ AcArya hemacandra aura amitagati ke anusAra paryaGkAsana kA artha hai-pairoM ko mor3a, piMDaliyoM ke Upara jA~ghoM ko rakha kara baiThanA aura eka hastatala para dUsarA hastatala jamA 1-mUlArAdhanA darpaNa, 3 / 225 : maDayasAI-mRtakasyeva nizceSTaM zayanam / 2-pAtaJjala yogasUtra, 2 / 46, bhAgya / 3-sthAnAMga, 5 / 400, vRtti : . paryaGkA-jinapratimAnAmiva yA padmAsanamiti rUDhA, tathA arddhaparyaGkAUrAvekapAda nivezanalakSaNeti / 4-yogazAstra, 4 / 125, 129 /

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khaNTa 1, prakaraNa : 7 .. 2-yoga 146 nAbhi ke pAsa rkhnaa|' yaha mudrA vajrAsana jaisI hai| zaGkarAcArya ne paryaGkAsana kI avasthiti isase bhinna mAnI hai| unake anusAra ghuTanoM ko mor3a, hAthoM ko phailA kara sonA 'paryaGkAsana' hai / yaha mudrA suptavajrAsana jaisI hai / suptavajrAsana ko paryaGkAsana mAnA jAe to vajrAsana ko ardha-paryaGkAsana mAnA jA sakatA hai| kintu jaina-AcAryoM kA mata isase bhinna hai| ve vajrAsana kI mudrA ko paryaGkAsana aura arba-vajrAsana ( eka ghuTane ko Upara rakha kara baiThane kI mudrA ) ko ardha-paryaGkAsana mAnate haiM / vIrAsana zaGkarAcArya ke anusAra kisI eka paira ko sikor3a ghuTane ko Upara kI ora rakha kara aura dUsare paira ke ghuTane ko bhUmi meM saTA kara baiThanA vIrAsana hai / bRhatkalpa bhASya ke anusAra kursI para baiThane se zarIra kI jo sthiti hotI hai, usa sthiti meM kursI ke binA sthita rahanA vIrAsana hai|" 1-(ka) yogazAstra, 4 / 125 : syAjjaMghayoradhobhAge, pAdopari kRte sati / paryako nAbhigottAna-dakSiNottara-pANikaH / / (kha) abhitagati zrAvakAcAra, 8 / 46 : vudhairuparyadhobhAge, jaMghayorubhayorapi / samastayoH kRte jJeyaM, paryaGkAsanamAsanam // 2-pAtaJjala yogasUtra, 2 / 47, bhAjyavivaraNa : AjAnuprasAritabAhuzayanaM paryaGkAsanam / 3-bRhatkalpa bhAjya, gAthA 5953, vRtti : ardhaparyaGkA yasyAmekaM jAnumutpATayati / 4-pAtaJjala yogasUtra, 2147, bhAjyavivaraNa : kuMcitAnyatarapAdamavanivinyastAparajAnukaM vIrAsanam / 5-bRhatkalpa bhASya, gAthA 5954, vRtti : 'vIrAsaNaM tu sIhAsaNe va jaha mukkajaNNuka NiviTTho / ' vRtti-vIrAsanaM nAma yathA siMhAsane upaviSTo bhUnyastapAda Aste tathA tasyApanayane kRte'pi siMhAsana iva niviSTo muktajAnuka iva nirAlambane'pi yad Aste / duSkaraM caitad, ataeva vIrasya-sAhasikasyAsanaM virAsanamityucyate /

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150 - uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : aparAjita sUri ( vi0 saM0 kI 12 vIM zatAbdI ) ne vIrAsana kA artha 'donoM jaMghAoM meM antara DAla kara unheM phailA kara baiThanA' kiyA hai|' . AcArya hemacandra ne bRhatkalpa bhASya ke artha ko matAntara ke rUpa meM svIkRta kiyA hai / unakA apanA mata yaha hai -bAe~ paira ko dAI jaMghA para aura dAeM paira ko bAI jaMghA para rakha kara baiThanA vIrAsana hai| unake anusAra isa mudrA ko kucha yogAcArya padmAsana bhI mAnate haiM / 4 paM0 AzAdharajI (vi0 saM0 13 vIM zatAbdI) kA artha AcArya hemacandra kA samarthana karatA hai| AcArya amitagati kA mata yahI hai| padmAsana . - Agamokta AsanoM meM padmAsana kA ullekha nahIM hai| pahale batAyA jA cukA hai ki abhayadeva sUri paryaGkAsana kA artha padmAsana karate haiN| Agama-kAla meM padmAsana ke lie 'paryaGkAsana' zabda pracalita rahA ho to jaina-paramparA meM padmAsana kA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna mAnA jA sakatA hai| isakA ullekha jJAnArNava', amitagati zrAvakAcAra, yogazAstra Adi granthoM meM milatA hai / amitagati ke anusAra eka jaMghA ke sAtha dUsarI jaMghA kA samabhAga meM jo AzleSa 1-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 225, vijayodayA vRtti : vIrAsaNaM-jaMghe vi prakRSTadeze kRtvAsanam / 2-yogagAstra, 4 / 128 : siMhAsanAdhirUDhasyAsanApanayane sati / tathaivAvasthitiryA tAmanye vIrAsanaM viduH / / 3-vahI, 41126 : vAmoM'hrirdakSiNorUz2a, vAmorUpari dakSiNaH / kriyate yatra tadvIrocitaM vIrAsanaM smRtam / / 4-vahI, 4126 vRtti : pdmaasnmityeke| 5-mUlArAdhanA darpaNa, 3 / 225 : vIrAsaNaM-UrUdvayopari pAdadvayavinyAsaH / 6-amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 8 / 47 : Urvorupari nikSepe, pAdayovihite sati / vIrAsanaM jiraM kartuM zakyaM vIrairna kAtaraiH / / 7-jJAnANava, 28 / 10 /

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151 khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 . .. 2-yoga hotA hai, vaha padmAsana hai / ' AcArya hemacandra ke anusAra jaMghA ke madhya bhAga meM dUsarI jaMghA kA zleSa karanA padmAsana hai| somadeva sUri ke anusAra jisameM donoM paira donoM ghuTanoM se nIce donoM piNDaliyoM para rakha kara baiThA jAtA hai, use padmAsana kahate haiM / zaGkarAcArya ne padmAsana kA artha kiyA hai-'bAeM paira ko dAI jaMghA para aura dAeM aura ko bAI jaMghA para rakha kara baiThanA / " ___ gorakSa saMhitA ke anusAra bAeM Uru para dAyA~ paira aura dAeM Uru para bAyA~ paira rakha kara donoM hAthoM ko pIche le jA, dAeM hAtha se dAeM paira kA aura bAeM hAtha se bAeM paira kA aMgUThA pakar3a kara baiThanA padmAsana hai|" yaha baddha-padmAsana kA lakSaNa hai| mukta padmAsana meM donoM hAthoM ko pIche le jAkara aMgUThe nahIM pakar3e jaate| somadeva sUri ne padmAsana, vIrAsana aura sukhAsana meM jo antara kiyA hai, vaha bahuta upayukta lagatA hai / padmAsana kA artha pahale batAyA jA cukA hai| jisameM donoM paira donoM ghuTanoM ke kAra ke hisse para rakha kara baiThA jAtA hai arthAt dAI Uru ke Upara bAyA~ paira 1-amitagati, zrAvakAcAra, 8 / 45 : jaMghAyA jaMghrayA zledhe, samabhAge prakIrtitam / padmAsane sukhAdhAyi, susAdhyaM sphlairjnH|| 2-yogazAstra, 4 / 129 jaMghAyA madhyabhAge tu, saMzleSo yatra jNghyaa| padmAsana miti proktaM, tadAsana vicakSaNaiH // 3-upAsakAdhyayana, 39732 : saMnyastAbhyAmaghojribhyAmUrvopari yuktitaH / bhavecca samagulphAbhyAM padmavIrasukhAsanam // 4-pAtaJjala yogasUtra, 246, vivaraNa: tatra padmAsanaM nAma-savyaM pAdamupasaMhRtya dakSiNori nidadhIta tathaiva dakSiNaM, savyasyopariSTAt / 5--gorakSa saMhitA: vAmorUpari dakSigaM hi caraNaM saMsthApya vAma tathApyanyorUpari tasya bandhanavidhau dhRtvA karAbhyAM dRDham / aMguThaM hRdaye nidhAya cibukaM nAsAgramAlokare. detadvyAdhivinAzakAri yaminAM padmAsanaM procyate //

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152 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / ' aura bAI Uru ke Ara dAyA~ paira rakhA jAtA hai, use 'vIrAsana' kahate haiN| jisameM . pairoM kI gA~Tha barAbara rahatI hai, use 'sukhAsana' kahate haiN|' daNDAyata bRhatkalpa bhASya vRtti ke anusAra isakA artha hai 'daNDa kI bhA~ti lambA hokara paira pasAra kara baitthnaa|2 AcArya hemacandra aura AcArya zaGkara ke abhimata meM yaha baiTha kara kiyA jAne vAlA Asana hai| unake anusAra yaha Asana baiTha kara, pairoM ko phailA kara TakhanoM, aMgaThoM aura ghuTanoM ko saTA kara kiyA jAtA hai| ___kintu aparAjita sUri ne use 'zayanayoga' mAnA hai / unake anusAra vaha daNDa kI bhA~ti zarIra ko lambA kara, sIdhA sokara kiyA jAtA hai / 4 vartamAna meM karaNIya Asana jaina-paramparA meM kaThora-Asana aura sukhAsana-donoM prakAra ke Asana pracalita the, kintu vikrama kI sahasrAbdI ke antima caraNa meM kucha AcAryoM kI yaha dhAraNA bana gaI ki vartamAnakAla meM zArIrika zakti kI durbalatA ke kAraNa kAyotsarga aura paryaGka--ye do Asana hI prazasta haiM / 5 ... ___Asana tIna prayojanoM se kie jAne the-(1) indriya-nigraha ke lie, (2) viziSTa vizuddhi ke lie aura (3) dhyAna ke lie / viziSTa vizuddhi ke lie tathA kiMcit mAtrA meM indriya-nigraha ke lie kie jAne vAle Asana ugra hote isalie unheM kAya-kleza tapa kI 1-upasakAdhyayana, 39732 / 2-bRhatkalpa bhAjya, gAthA 5954, vRtti : daNDasyevAyataM-pAdaprasAraNena dIrgha yad Asana tad daNDAsanam / 3-(ka) yogazAstra, 4 / 131 : zliSTAMgulI zliSTagulpho bhUzlipTora prasArayet / yatropavizya pAdau taddaNDAsanamudIritam // (kha) pAtaJjala yogasUtra, 2146, mAjya-vivaraNa : samagulpho samAMguTho prasArayan samajAnU pAdau daNDavadye nopavizeta tat dnnddaasnm| 4-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 225, vijayodayA vRtti : daNDavadAyataM zarIraM kRtvA zayanam / 5-jJAnArNava, 28 / 12 / kAyotsargazca paryaH, prazastaM kaizcidIritam / dehinAM vIryavaikalyAt, kAladoSeNa samprati //

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga koTi meM rakhA gyaa| dhyAna ke lie kaThora Asana kA vidhAna nahIM hai| jisa Asana se mana sthira ho, vahI Asana vihita hai|' jinasena ne dhyAna kI dRSTi se zarIra kI viSama sthiti ko anupayukta btlaayaa| unhoMne likhA-"viSama AsanoM se zarIra kA nigraha hotA hai, usase mAnasika pIr3A aura vimnsktaa| vimanaskatA kI sthiti meM dhyAna nahIM ho sktaa| ataH dhyAna-kAla meM sukhAsana hI iSTa hai| kAyotsarga aura paryaGka- do Asana sukhAsana haiM, zeSa saba viSama Asana haiM / ina donoM meM bhI mukhyataH paryaGka hI sukhAsana hai / " 2 .... jinasena ne dhyAna ke lie sukhAsana kI upayuktatA svIkRta kI, kintu kaThora AsanoM ko sarvathA anupayukta nahIM maanaa| kAyika duHkhoM kI titikSA, sukhAsakti kI hAni aura dharma-prabhAvanA ke lie unhoMne kAya-kleza kA samarthana kiyaa| zubhacandra aura hemacandra ne dhyAna ke lie kisI Asana kA vidhAna nahIM kiyaa| use dhyAna karane vAle kI icchA para hI chor3a diyaa| amitagati ne padmAsana, paryaGkAsana, 1-(ka) jJAnArNava, 28 / 11 : yena yena sukhAsInA, vidadhyu nizcalaM manaH / tattadeva vidheyaM syAnmunibhirbandhu rAsanam // (kha) yogazAstra, 4 / 134 : jAyate yena yeneha, vihitena sthiraM manaH / tat tadeva vidyAtavyamAsanaM dhyAnamAsanam // 2-mahApurANa 21170-72 : visaMsthulAsanasthasya, dhruvaM gAtrasya nigrahaH / tannigrahAnmanaHpIDA, tatazca vimanaskatA // vaimanasye ca kiM dhyAyet, tasmAdiSTaM sukhAsanam / kAyotsargazca paryaka, stoto'nyaviSamAsanam // tadavasthAdvayasyaiva, prAdhAnyaM dhyAyato yateH / prAyastatrApi palyaMGkam, Amananti sukhAsanam / / 3-vahI, 20191: kAyAsukhatitikSArtha, sukhAsaktezca hAnaye / dharmaprabhAvanArthaJca, kAyaklezamupeyuSe //

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154 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vIrAsana, utkaTu kAsana aura gavAsanaH-sAmAnyataH itane hI Asana mumukSu ke lie upayogI btlaae| dhyAna ke lie sukhAsana honA cAhie, isa viSaya meM sabhI AcArya ekamata haiM, kintu kaThora AsanoM ke viSaya meM ekamata nahIM haiM / 'kAladoSeNa samprati'-isa vicAradhArA ne jaise sAdhanA ke anya aneka kSetroM ko prabhAvita kiyA, vaise hI Asana bhI usase prabhAvita hue aura unako karane kI paddhati jaina-paramparA meM vilupta-sI ho gii| gamana-yoga ____ yaha sthAna-yoga kA pratipakSI hai / zakti-saMcaya aura Alasya-vijaya ke dvArA isa yAga kA pratipAdana huA hai / isake 6 prakAra haiM (1) anusUryagamana- teja dhUpa meM pUrva se pazcima kI ora jaanaa| (2) pratisUryagamana- pazcima se pUrva kI ora jaanaa| (3) Urdhvagamana- pazcima se pUrva kI ora jaanaa| (4) tiryasUryagamana- sUrya tirachA ho, usa samaya jAnA / (5) anyanAmagamana- jahA~ avasthita ho, vahA~ se dUsare gA~va meM bhikSArtha / jaanaa| (6) pratyAgamana- dUsare gA~va meM jAkara vApasa AnA / AtApanA-yoga AtApanA kA artha hai 'sUrya kA tApa shnaa'| yaha sUrya kI razmiyoM yA garmI ko zarIra meM saMcita kara gupta zaktiyoM ko jagAne kI prakriyA hai, isalie yaha yoga hai| 1-amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 8 / 49 : vinayAsaktacittAnAM, kRtikarmavidhAyinAm / na kAryavyatirekeNa, paramAsanamiSyate // 2-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 224 : aNusUrI paDisUrI ya, uDDhasUrI ya tiriyasUrI y| ubhAgeNa ya gamaNaM, paDiAgamaNaM ca gaMtUNaM //

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155 khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga AtApanA-yoga tIna prakAra kA hai (1) utkRSTa- garma zilA Adi para leTa kara tApa sahanA / (2) madhyama- baiTha kara tApa sahanA / .. (3) jaghanya- khar3e raha kara tApa sahanA / ' utkRSTa AtApanA ke tIna prakAra haiM (1) utkRSTa-utkRSTa- chAtI ke bala leTa kara tApa sahanA / (2) utkRSTa-madhyama- dAe~ yA bAe~ pAzva se leTa kara tApa sahanA / (3) utkRSTa-jaghanya- pITha ke bala leTa kara tApa sahanA / .... madhyama AtApanA ke tIna prakAra haiM (1) madhyama-utkRSTa- paryaGkAsana meM baiTha kara tApa sahanA / (2) madhyama-madhyama----- ardha-paryaGkAsana meM baiTha kara tApa sahanA / (3) madhyama-jaghanya- ukaDU Asana meM baiTha kara tApa sahanA / jaghanya AtApanA ke tIna prakAra haiM (1) jaghanya-utkRSTa- hstishunnddikaa| eka paira ko prasAra kara tApa sahanA / 1-bRhatkalpa bhAjya, gAthA 5945 : AyAvaNA ya tivihA, ukkosA majjhimA jahaNNA ya / ukkosA u nivaNNA, nisaNNa majjhATThiya jahaNNA // 2-vahI, gAthA 5946 : tivihA hoi nivaNNA, omatthiya pAsa tiymuttaannaa| ukkosukkosA ukkosamajjhimA ukkosagajahaNNA // 3-vahI, gAyA 5947,48: majhakkosA duhao vi majjhimA majjhimA jahaNNA ya / ... ahamukkosA'hamamajjhimA ya ahamAhamAcarimA // 'paliyaMka addhakkuDuga bho ya tivihA u majjhimA hoi| taiyA u hasthisuMDegapAda samapAdigA ceva // 4-vahI, gAthA 5947-48 / 5-vahI, gAthA 5948, vRtti : putaabhyaamupvissttsyaikpaadotpaattnruupaa| bRhatkalpa bhAjya, vRtti 5953 meM hastizuNDikA ko niSadyA kA eka prakAra mAnA hai aura jaghanya AtApanA meM khar3A rahane kA vidhAna hai| vastutaH isa Asana meM baiThane aura khar3A rahane kA mizraNa hai|

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156 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (2) jaghanya-madhyama-eka pAdikA / ' eka paira ke bala para khar3e raha kara tApa shnaa| (3) jaghanya-jaghanya-samapAdikA / 2 donoM pairoM ko samazreNi meM rakha, khar3e-khar3e tApa shnaa| tapoyoga .tapa ke do prakAra haiM-bAhya aura Abhyantara / donoM ke chaha-chaha prakAra haiM / bAhyatapa ke chaha prakAra ye haiM (1) anazana, (2) avamaudarya, (3) bhikSAcarI ( vRtti saMkSepa ), (4) rasa-parityAga, (5) kAya-kleza aura (6) pratisaMlInatA (vivikt-shyyaa)| (1) anazana anazana ke do prakAra haiM (1) itvarika- alpakAlika aura (2) yAvatkathita- mrnnkaalbhaavii| . muni ke lie AhAra karanA aura na karanA donoM sahetuka haiM / jaba taka apanA zarIra jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kI ArAdhanA meM sahAyaka rahe, usake dvArA nae-nae vikAsa upalabdha hoM, taba taka vaha zarIra kA poSaNa kre| jaba yaha lage ki isa zarIra ke dvArA koI vizeSa upalabdhi nahIM ho rahI hai-jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA nayA unmeSa nahIM A rahA hai, taba zarIra kI upekSA kara de-AhAra kA parityAga kara de|4 yaha siddhAnta 1-bRhatkalpa bhAjya, gAthA 5948 ; vRtti : utthitasyaikapAdenAvasthAnam / 2-vahI, gAthA 5948, vRtti : __samatalAbhyAM pAdAbhyAM sthitvA yad UrdhvAvasthitairAtAjyate // 3-uttarAdhyayana, 26 // 31-34 / 4-vahI, 4 // 7 // lAbhAntare jIviya vUhaittA pacchA parinnAya mlaavdhNsii| . .

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 157 AmaraNabhAvI anazana ke lie hai| alpakAlika anazana kA siddhAnta yaha hai ki indriyavijaya yA cita-zuddhi ke lie jaba jaisI AvazyakatA ho, vaisA anazana kre| isakI sAmAnya maryAdA yaha hai ki indriya aura yoga kI hAni na ho tathA mana amaMgala cintana na kare, taba taka tapasyA kI jaae|' vaha Atma-zuddhi ke lie hai| usase saMkalpa-vikalpa yA ArtadhyAna kI vRddhi nahIM honI cAhie / (2) avamaudarya yaha bAhya-tapa kA dUsarA prakAra hai / isakA artha hai 'jisa vyakti kI jitanI AhAra mAtrA hai, usase kama khaanaa|' isake pA~ca prakAra kie gae haiM (1) dravya kI dRSTi se avamodarya / (2) kSetra kI dRSTi se avamaudarya / (3) kAla kI dRSTi se avamaudarya / (4) bhAva kI dRSTi se avamaudarya / (5) paryava kI dRSTi se avamaudarya / aupapAtika meM isakA vibhAjana isa prakAra hai (1) dravyata: avmaudry| (2) bhAvataH avamaudarya / dravyataH avamaudarya ke do prakAra haiM (1) upakaraNa avamaudarya aura (2) bhakta-pAna avamaudarya / . . bhakta-pAna avamaudarya ke aneka prakAra haiM (1) ATha grAsa khAne vAlA alpAhArI hotA hai| (2) bAraha grAsa khAne vAlA apArddha avamaudarya hotA hai / (3) solaha grAsa khAne vAlA arddha avamaudarya hotA hai| (4) caubIsa grAsa khAne vAlA pauna avamaudarya hotA hai| (5) ikatIsa grAsa khAne vAlA kiMcit Una avamaudarya hotA hai| yaha kalpanA bhojana kI pUrNa mAtrA ke AdhAra para kI gaI hai| puruSa ke AhAra kI 1-maraNasamAdhi prakIrNaka, 134 : so hu tabo kAyavvo, jeNa maNo'maMgalaM na ciMtei / jeNa na iMdiyAhANI, jeNa jogA na hAyaMti // 2-aupapAtika, sUtra 19

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158 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pUrNa mAtrA battIsa grAsa aura strI ke AhAra kI pUrNa mAtrA aTThAisa grAsa hai|' grAsa kA parimANa murgI ke aNDe 2 athavA hajAra cAvala jitanA batalAyA gayA hai| ___ isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jitanI bhUkha ho, usase eka kavala taka kama khAnA bhI avamaudarya hai| __ nidrA-vijaya, samAdhi, svAdhyAya, parama saMyama aura indriya-vijaya-ye avamaudarya ke phala haiN| krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, kalaha Adi ko kama karanA bhI avamaudayaM hai / " (3) bhikSAcarI (vRtti-saMkSepa) yaha bAhya-tapa kA tIsarA prakAra hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'vRtti-saMkSepa yA 'vRttiparisaMkhyAna' hai / isakA artha hai 'vividha prakAra ke abhigrahoM ke dvArA bhikSA vRtti ko saMkSipta karanA / (4) rasa-parityAga uttarAdhyayana meM rasa-parityAga kA artha hai--- (1) dUdha, dahI, ghI Adi kA tyAga / (2) praNIta --snigdha pAna-bhojana kA tyAga / ' 1-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 211 / 2-aupapAtika, sUtra 16 / 3-mUlArAdhanA, darpaNa, pR0 427 : grAsozrA vi sahasrataMdula mitaH / 4-mUlArAdhanA, amitagati 211 / 5-aupapAtika, sUtra 19 / 6-samavAyAMga, samavAya 6 // 7-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 2 / 7 / 8-dekhie-uttarAdhyayana, 30 / 25 kA ttippnn| 9-uttarAdhyayana 30 / 26 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 156 aupapAMtika meM isakA vistAra milatA hai| vahA~ isake nimnalikhita prakAra milate haiM(1) nirvikRti vikRti kA tyaag| (2) praNIta rasa-parityAga- snigdha va gariSTha AhAra kA tyAga / (3) AcAmAmla- Amla-rasa mizrita bhAta Adi kA AhAra / (4) AyAmasiktha bhojana- osAmaNa meM mizrita anna kA AhAra / (5) arasa AhAra- hIMga Adi se saMskRta AhAra / (6) virasa AhAra- purAne dhAnya kA AhAra / (7) antya AhAra- valla Adi tuccha dhAnya kA AhAra / (8) prAntya AhAra-- ThaNDA aahaar| (8) rukSa aahaar| isa tapa kA prayojana hai svAda vijaya / isIlie rasa-parityAga karane vAlA vikRti, sarasa va svAdu bhojana nahIM khAtA / vikRtiyA~ no haiM---- (2) dahI, (7) madhu, (3) navanIta, (5) madya aura ___ (4) ghRta, () mA~sa / 2 . (5) tela, inameM madhu, madya, mA~sa aura navanIta--ye cAra mahA vikRtiyA~ haiN|' jina vastuoM se jIbha aura mana vikRta hote haiM--svAda-lolupa yA viSaya-lolupa banate haiM, unheM 'vikRti' kahA jAtA hai / paNDita AzAdharajI ne isake cAra prakAra batalAe haiM (1) go-rasa vikRti- dUdha, dahI, ghRta, makkhana Adi / .(2) ikSu-rasa vikRti- gur3a, cInI aadi| (3) phala-rasa vikRti- aMgUra, Ama Adi phaloM ke rasa / (4) dhAnya-rasa vikRti- taila, mAMDa Adi / 4 1-aupapAtika, sUtra 19 / 2-sthAnAMga, 9 / 674 / 3-(ka) sthAnAMga, 4 / 1 / 274 / / (kha) mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 213 / 4-sAgAradharmAmRta, TIkA 5 / 35 /

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160 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . __svAdiSTa bhojana ko bhI vikRti kahA jAtA hai|' isalie rasa-parityAga karane vAlA zAka, vyaJjana, namaka Adi kA bhI varjana karatA hai| mUlArAdhanA ke anusAra dUdha, dahI, ghRta, taila aura gur3a-inameM se kisI eka kA athavA ina sabakA parityAga karanA rasa-parityAga hai tathA uvagAhima vikRti (miThAI) pUr3e, patra-zAka, dAla, namaka Adi kA tyAga bhI rasa-parityAga hai / rasa-parityAga karane vAle muni ke lie nimna prakAra ke bhojana kA vidhAna hai.-- (1) arasa AhAra- svAda-rahita bhojn| (2) anya velA kRta-- ThaNDA bhojana / (3) zuddhodana- zAka Adi se rahita korA bhaat| (4) rUkhA bhojana- ghRta-rahita bhojn| (5) AcAmAmla amla-rasa-sahita bhojn| . . (6) AyAmaudana- jisameM thor3A jala aura adhika anna bhAga ho, aisA AhAra athavA,osAmaNa-sahita bhAta / (7) vikaTaudana- bahuta pakA huA bhAta athavA garma jala milA huA bhAta / jo rasa-parityAga karatA hai, usake tIna bAteM phalita hotI haiM - (1) santoSa kI bhAvanA, (2) brahmacarya kI ArAdhanA aura (3) vairAgya / (5) kAya-kleza kAya-kleza bAhya-tapa kA pA~cavA~ prakAra hai| uttarAdhyayana 2017 meM kAya-kleza 1-sAgAradharmAmRta, TIkA 5 // 35 / 2-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 215 / 3-vahI, 33216 / 4-mUlArAdhanA amitagati 217 : saMtoSo bhAvitaH samyag , brahmacarya prapAlitam / darzitaM svasya vairAgyaM, kurvANena rasojjhanam //

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 161 kA artha 'vIrAsana Adi kaThora Asana karanA' kiyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga meM kAya-kleza ke sAta prakAra nirdiSTa haiM (1) sthAna kAyotsarga, (2) UkaDU Asana, (3) pratimA Asana, (4) vIrAsana, (5) niSadyA, (6) daNDAyata Asana aura (7) lagaNDazayanAsana / ' aupapAtika meM kAya-kleza ke aneka prakAra batalAe gae haiM (1) sthAna kAyotsarga, (6) AtApanA, (2) UkaDU Asana, (7) vastra-tyAga, (3) pratimA Asana, (8) akaNDUyana-khAja na karanA, (4) vIrAsana, (9) aniSThIvana-thUkane kA tyAga aura (5) niSadyA, (10) sarvagAtra-parikarma-vibhUSA kA varjana / ' AcArya vasunandi ke anusAra AcAmla, nirvikRti, eka-sthAna, upavAsa, belA Adi ke dvArA zarIra ko kRza karanA 'kAya-kleza' hai / yaha vyAkhyA ukta vyAkhyAoM se bhinna hai| vaise to upavAsa Adi karane meM kAyA ko kleza hotA hai, kintu bhojana se sambandhita anazana, UtodarI, vRtti-saMkSepa aura rasa parityAga-ina cAroM bAhya-tapoM se kAya-kleza kA lakSaNa bhinna honA cAhie, isa dRSTi se kAya-kleza kI vyAkhyA upavAsa-pradhAna na hokara anAsakti-pradhAna honI caahie| zarIra ke prati nirmamatva-bhAva rakhanA tathA use prApta karane ke lie Asana Adi sAdhanA tathA usakI sAja-sajjA va saMvArane se udAsIna rahanA----yaha kAya-kleza kA mUlasparzI artha honA caahie| 1-sthAnAMga, 73554 / / 2-aupapAtika, sUtra 19 / / . 3-vasunandi zrAvakAcAra, zloka 351 : AyaMbila NivivayaDI eyaTThANaM chaTThamAi khavaNehiM / jaM kIrai taNutAvaM kAyakileso muNeyavo // 21

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162 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dvitIya adhyayana meM jo parISaha batalAe gae haiM, unase yaha bhinna hai| kAya-kleza svayaM icchAnusAra kiyA jAtA hai aura parISaha samAgata kaSTa hotA hai|' zrutasAgara gaNi ke anusAra grISma Rtu meM dhUpa meM, zIta Rtu meM khule sthAna meM aura varSA Rtu meM vRkSa ke nIce sonA, nAnA prakAra kI pratimAe~ aura Asana karanA 'kAyakleza' hai| (6) pratisaMlInatA .. uttarAdhyayana 308 meM bAhya-tapa kA chaThA prakAra 'saMlInatA' batalAyA gayA hai aura 30 / 28 meM usakA nAma 'vivikta-zayanAsana' hai / bhagavatI (25 / 7 / 802) meM chaThA prakAra 'pratisaMlInatA' hai| tasvArtha sUtra (6 / 16) meM 'vivikta-zayanAsana' bAhya-tapa kA chaThA prakAra hai| isa prakAra kucha granthoM meM 'saMlInatA' yA 'pratisaMlInatA' aura kucha granthoM meM 'vivikta-zayyAsana' yA 'vivikta-zayyA' kA prayoga milatA hai| kintu aupapAtika ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mUla zabda 'pratisaMlInatA' hai / 'vivikta-zayanAsana' usI kA eka avAntara bheda hai| pratisaMlInatA cAra prakAra kI hotI hai (1) indriya pratisaMlInatA, (3) yoga pratisaMlInatA aura (2) kaSAya pratisaMlInatA, (4) vivikta-zayanAsana-sevana / prastuta adhyayana meM saMlInatA kI paribhASA kevala vivikta-zayanAsana ke rUpa meM kI gaI, yaha Azcarya kA viSaya hai| ho sakatA hai sUtrakAra isI ko mahattva denA cAhate hoN| tattvArtha sUtra Adi uttaravartI granthoM meM bhI isI kA anusaraNa huA hai| viviktazayanAsana kA artha mUla-pATha meM spaSTa hai| mUlArAdhanA ke anusAra jahA~ zabda, rasa, gaMdha aura sparza ke dvArA citta vikSepa nahIM hotA, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM vyAghAta nahIM hotA, vaha vivikta-zayyA hai| jahA~ strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka na hoM, vaha vivikta-zayyA hai| bhale phira usake dvAra khule hoM yA baMda, 1-tattvArtha, 9 / 16, zrutasAgarIya vRtti : yadRcchayA samAgataH parISahaH, svayameva kRtaH kAyaklezaH ti parISahakAya kleshyorvishessH| 2-vahI, 9 / 19, zrutasAgarIya vRtti / 3-aupapAtika, sUtra 19: se kiM taM paDisalINayA ? paDisalINayA cauvihA paNNattA, taMjahA-iMdiapaDisaMlINayA kasAyapaDisaMlINayA jogapaDisaMloNayA vivittsynnaasnnsevnnyaa| 4-tatvArtha sUtra, 9 / 19 : anazanAvamaudaryavRttiparisaMkhyAnarasaparityAgaviviktazayyAsanakAyaklezA bAhya tpH|

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khaNTa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 163 usakA prAGgaNa sama ho yA viSama, vaha gA~va ke bAhya-bhAga meM ho yA madhya-bhAga meM, zIta ho yA USNa / vivikta-zayyA ke chaha prakAra ye haiM--(1) zUnya-gRha, (2) giri-guphA, (3) vRkSa-mUla, (4) Agantuka-AgAra (=vizrAma-gRha), (5) deva-kula, akRtrima zilA-gRha aura (6) kUTa-gRha / vivikta zayyA meM rahane se nimna doSoM se sahaja hI bacAva ho jAtA hai-(1) kalaha, (2) bola (zabda bahulatA), (3) jhaMjhA (saMkleza), (4) vyAmoha, (5) sAMkarya (asaMyamiyoM ke sAtha mizraNa), (6) mamatva tathA (7) dhyAna aura svAdhyAya kA vyAghAta / ' bAhya-tapa ke prayojana (1) anazana ke prayojana (ka) saMyama-prApti / (kha) rAga-nAza / (ga) karma-mala vizodhana / (gha) sadhyAna kI prApti / (Ga) zAstrAbhyAsa / (2) avamaudarya ke prayojana (ka) saMyama meM saavdhaantaa| (kha) vAta, pitta, zleSma Adi doSoM kA upazamana / (ga) jJAna, dhyAna Adi kI siddhi / (3) vRttisaMkSepa ke prayojana (ka) bhojana sambandhI AzA para aMkuza / (kha) bhojana sambandhI saMkalpa-vikalpa aura cintA kA niyaMtraNa / (4) rasa-parityAga ke prayojana (ka) indriy-nigrh| (kha) nidrA-vijaya / (ga) svAdhyAya-dhyAna kI siddhi / (5) vivikta-zayyA ke prayojana (ka) bAdhAoM se mukti| (kha) brahmacarya siddhi / (ga) svAdhyAya, dhyAna kI siddhi / 1-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 228,229,231,232 /

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164 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / (6) kAya-kleza ke prayojana (ka) zArIrika kaSTa-sahiSNutA kA sthira abhyAsa / (kha) zArIrika sukha kI zraddhA se mukti| (ga) jaina-dharma kI prbhaavnaa|' bAhya-tapa ke pariNAma : bAhya-tapa se nimna bAteM phalita hotI haiM(1) sukha kI bhAvanA svayaM parityakta ho jAtI hai| (2) zarIra kRza ho jAtA hai| (3) AtmA saMvega meM sthApita hotI hai / (4) indriya-damana hotA hai| (5) samAdhi-yoga kA sparza hotA hai / (6) vIrya-zakti kA upayoga hotA hai| (7) jIvana kI tRSNA vicchinna hotI hai| (8) saMkleza-rahita duHkha-bhAvanA-kaSTa-sahiSNutA kA abhyAsa hotA hai / (6) deha, rasa aura sukha kA pratibaMdha nahIM rhtaa| (10) kaSAya kA nigraha hotA hai| (11) viSaya-bhogoM ke prati anAdara- udAsIna-bhAva utpanna hotA hai| (12) samAdhi-maraNa kA sthira abhyAsa hotA hai / (13) Atma-damana hotA hai--AhAra Adi kA anurAga kSINa hotA hai / (14) AhAra-nirAzatA--AhAra kI abhilASA ke tyAga kA abhyAsa hotA hai| (15) agRddhi bar3hatI hai| (16) lAbha aura alAbha meM sama rahane kA abhyAsa sadhatA hai / (17) brahmacarya siddha hotA hai| (18) nidrA-vijaya hotI hai| (16) dhyAna kI dRr3hatA prApta hotI hai| (20) vimukti----viziSTa tyAga kA vikAsa hotA hai / (21) darpa kA nAza hotA hai| (22) svAdhyAya-yoga kI nirvighnatA prApta hotI hai / (23) sukha-duHkha meM sama rahane kI sthiti banatI hai| (24) AtmA, kula, gaNa, zAsana- sabakI prabhAvanA hotI hai / (25) Alasya tyakta hotA hai / 1-tattvArtha, 9 / 20, zrutasAgarIya vRtti /

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khaNDa : 1,prakaraNa :7 2-yoga (26) karma-mala kA vizodhana hotA hai| (27) dUsaroM ko saMvega utpanna hotA hai / (28) mithyA-dRSTiyoM meM bhI saumya-bhAva utpanna hotA hai| (26) mukti-mArga kA prakAzana hotA hai| (30) tIrthaGkara kI AjJA kI ArAdhanA hotI hai / (31) deha-lAghava prApta hotA hai| (32) zarIra-sneha kA zoSaNa hotA hai| (33) rAga Adi kA upazama hotA hai| (34) AhAra kI parimitatA hone se nIrogatA bar3hatI hai / (35) saMtoSa bar3hatA hai| Abhyantara-tapa Abhyantara-tapa ke chaha prakAra nimnalikhita haiM - (1) prAyazcitta, (2) vinaya, (3) vaiyAvRttya, (4) svAdhyAya, (5) dhyAna aura (6) vyutsrg| (1) prAyazcitta prAyazcitta Abhyantara-tapa kA pahalA prakAra hai| usake dasa prakAra haiM: (1) AlocanA yogya-- guru ke samakSa apane doSoM kA nivedana krnaa| (2) pratikramaNa yogya- kie hue pApoM se nivRtta hone ke lie 'mithyA me duSkRtam'-mere saba pApa niSphala hoM-aisA kahanA, kAyotsarga Adi karanA tathA bhaviSya meM pApa-karmoM se dUra rahane ke lie sAvadhAna rhnaa| (3) tadubhaya yogya- pApa se nivRtta hone ke lie AlocanA aura prati- ' kramaNa-donoM krnaa| (4) viveka Ae hue azuddha AhAra Adi kA utsarga karanA / caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti ke sAtha kAyotsarga krnaa| 1-mUlArAdhanA, 3 / 237-244 / (5) vyutsarga

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166 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / (6) tapa---- upavAsa, belA Adi karanA / (7) cheda pApa-nivRtti ke lie saMyama kAla ko cheda kara kama kara denaa| (8) mUla---- punaH vratoM meM Aropita karanA--naI dIkSA denA / (9) anavasthApanA- tapasyA-pUrvaka naI dIkSA denaa| (10) pArAMcika- bhartsanA evaM avahelanA pUrvaka naI dIkSA denA / / tattvArtha sUtra (6 / 22) meM prAyazcitta ke 6 hI prakAra batalAe gae haiM, 'pArAMcika' kA ullekha nahIM hai| (2) vinaya vinaya Abhyantara-tapa kA dUsarA prakAra hai| sthAnAMga ( 71585 ), bhagavatI (25 / 7 / 802) aura aupapAtika (sU0 20) meM vinaya ke 7 bheda batalAe gae haiM (1) jJAna-vinaya- jJAna ke prati bhakti, bahumAna Adi krnaa| (2) darzana-vinaya-- guru kI zuzrUSA karanA, AzAtanA na karanA / (3) cAritra-vinaya--- cAritra kA yathArtha prarUpaNa aura anuSThAna karanA / (4) manovinaya-- akuzala mana kA nirodha aura kuzala kI pravRtti / (5) vacanayoga---- akuzala vacana kA nirodha aura kuzala kI pravRtti / (6) kAya-vinaya- akuzala kAya kA nirodha aura kuzala kI pravRtti / (7) lokopacAra-vinaya- loka-vyavahAra ke anusAra vinaya karanA / tattvArtha sUtra (8 / 23) meM vinaya ke prakAra cAra hI batalAe gae haiM-(1) jJAnavinaya, (2) darzana-vinaya, (3) cAritra-vinaya aura (4) upacAra-vinaya / (3) vaiyAvRtya (sevA) vaiyAvRttya Abhyantara-tapa kA tIsarA prakAra hai / usake dasa prakAra haiM (1) AcArya kA vaiyAvRttya / (2) AdhyAya kA vaiyAvRttya / (3) sthavira kA vaiyAvRttya / (4) tapasvI kA vaiyAvRttya / (5) glAna kA vaiyAvRttya / 1-(ka) sthAnAMga, 101733 / 17801 (ga) aupapAtika, sUtra 20 /

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167 khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga (6) zaikSa kA vaiyAvRttya / (7) kula kA vaiyAvRttya / (5) gaNa kA vaiyAvRttya / (6) saMgha kA vaiyAvRttya / (10) sAdharmika (samAna dharma vAle sAdha-sAdhvI) kA vaiyAvRttya / yaha vargIkaraNa sthAnAMga (10 / 712) ke AdhAra para hai| bhagavatI (25 / 7 / 802) aura aupapAtika (sUtra 20) ke vargIkaraNa kA krama kucha bhinna haiM(1) AcArya kA vaiyAvRttya (6) sthavira kA vaiyAvRttya (2) upAdhyAya kA vaiyAvRttya (7) sAdharmika kA vayAvRttya (3) zaMkSa kA vayAvRttya (8) kula kA vaiyAvRttya (4) glAna kA vaiyAvRttya (9) gaNa kA vaiyAvRttya (5) tapasvI kA vaiyAvRttya (10) saMgha kA vaiyAvRttya tattvArtha sUtra (6 / 24) meM ye kucha parivartana ke sAtha milate haiM (1) AcArya kA vaiyAvRttya (2) upAdhyAya kA vaiyAvRttya (3) tapaskI kA vaiyAvRttya (4) zaikSa kA vaiyAvRttya (5) glAna kA vaiyAvRttya (6) gaNa (zruta sthaviroM kI paramparA kA saMsthAna') kA vaiyAvRttya / (7) kula kA vaiyAvRttya ( eka AcArya kA sAdhu-samudAya * 'gaccha' kahalAtA hai ; eka jAtIya aneka gacchoM ko kula kahA jAtA hai)| (8) saMgha (sAdhu, sAdhvI, zrAvaka tathA zrAvikA) kA vaiyAvRttya / 1-tattvArtha, 9 / 24 bhAjyAnusAri TIkA : gnnH--sthvirsNttisNsthitiH| sthaviragrahaNena zrutasthaviraparigrahaH, na vayasA paryAyeNa vA, teSAM saMtatiH-paramparA tasyAH saMsthAnaM-vartanaM adyApi bhavanaM sNsthitiH| 2-vahI, 9 / 24 bhANyAnusAri TIkA : kulamAcAryasatatisaMsthitiH ekAcAryapraNeyasAdhusamUho gacchaH, bahUnAM gacchAnAM ekajAtIyAnAM samUhaH kulam / 3-vahI, 9 / 24 bhASyAnusAri TIkA: sNghshcturvidhH-saadhu-saadhvii-shraavk-shraavikaaH|

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168 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (sAdhu kA vaiyAvRttya (10) samanojJa kA vaiyAvRttya (samAna sAmAcArI vAle tathA eka maNDalI meM bhojana karane vAle sAdhu 'samanojJa' kahalAte haiM / ') isa vargIkaraNa meM sthavira aura sAdharmika-ye do prakAra nahIM haiN| unake sthAna para sAdhu aura samanojJa-ye do prakAra haiM / gaNa aura kula kI bhA~ti saMgha kA artha bhI sAdhuparaka hI honA caahie| ye dasoM prakAra kevala sAdhu-samUha ke vividha padoM yA rUpoM se sambaddha haiN| __ vaiyAvRttya (sevA) kA phala torthaGkara-pada kI prApti batalAyA gayA hai / 2 vyAvahArika sevA hI tIrtha ko saMgaThita kara sakatI hai / isa dRSTi se bhI isakA bahuta mahattva hai / (4) svAdhyAya svAdhyAya Abhyantara-tapa kA cauthA prakAra hai| usake pA~ca bheda haiM-(1) vAcanA, (2) pracchanA, (3) parivartanA, (4) anuprekSA aura (5) dharmakathA / 3. tattvArtha sUtra (6 / 25) meM inakA krama aura eka nAma bhI bhinna haiM-(1) vAcanA, (2) pracchatA, (3) anuprekSA, (4) AmnAya aura (5) dharmopadeza / ___ inameM parivartanA ke sthAna meM AmnAya hai / AmnAya kA artha hai 'zuddha uccAraNa pUrvaka bAra-bAra pATha karanA / parivartanA yA AmnAya ko anuprekSA se pahale rakhanA adhika ucita lagatA hai| AcArya ziSyoM ko par3hAte haiM-yaha 'vAcanA' hai / par3hate samaya yA par3hane ke bAda ziSya ke mana meM jo jijJAsAeM utpanna hotI haiM, unheM vaha AcArya ke sAmane prastuta karatA haiyaha 'pracchanA' hai / AcArya se prApta zrutaH ko yAda rakhane ke lie vaha bAra-bAra usakA pATha karatA hai-yaha 'parivartanA' hai| paricita zruta kA marma samajhane ke lie vaha usakA paryAlocana karatA hai-yaha 'anuprekSA' hai| paThita, paricita aura paryAlocita zruta kA vaha upadeza karatA hai--yaha 'dharmakathA' hai| isa krama meM parivartanA kA sthAna anuprekSA se pahale prApta hotA hai| 1-tattvAthe, 9 / 24 bhAjyAnusAri TIkA : dvAdazavidhasambhogamAjaH samanojJAnadarzanacAritrANi manojJAni saha manojeH smnojnyaaH| 2-uttarAdhyayana, 35143 / 3-dekhie-uttarAdhyayana ke TippaNa, 29 / 18 kA TippaNa / 4-tattvArtha, 9 / 25, zrutasAgarIya vRtti : aSTasyAnoccAra vizeSeNa yacchuddhaM ghoSaNaM punaH punaH parivartanaM sa AmnAya kathyate /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 166 siddhasena gaNi ke anusAra anuprekSA kA artha hai 'grantha aura artha kA mAnasika abhyAsa karanA' / isameM varNo kA uccAraNa nahIM hotA aura AmnAya meM varNoM kA uccAraNa hotA hai, yahI ina donoM meM antara hai|' anuprekSA ke ukta artha ke anusAra use AmnAya se pUrva rakhanA bhI anucita nahIM hai| AmnAya, ghoSavizuddha, parivartana, guNana aura rUpAdAna-ye AmnAya yA parivartanA ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / arthopadeza, vyAkhyAna, anuyogavarNana, dharmopadeza-ye dharmopadeza yA dharmakathA ke paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / (5) dhyAna sAdhanA-paddhati meM dhyAna kA sarvopari mahattva rahA hai| vaha hamArI cetanA kI hI eka avasthA hai| usakA anusandhAna aura abhyAsa sudUra atIta meM ho cukA thaa| koI bhI AdhyAtmika dhArA usake binA apane sAdhya taka nahIM pahuMca sakatI thI / chAndogya upaniSad ke RSi dhyAna ke mahatva se paricita the| kintu chAndogya meM usakA vikasita rUpa prApta nahIM hai| budra ne dhyAna ko bahuta mahattva diyA thaa| mahAvIra kI paramparA meM bhI use sarvocca sthAna prApta thA / yogadarzana meM bhI usakA mahattva svIkRta hai| uttaravartI upaniSadoM meM bhI use bahuta mAnyatA milI hai| bhAratIya sAdhanA ko samagra dhArAoM ne use satata pravAhita rkhaa| citta aura dhyAna __mana ko do avasthAeM haiM-(1) cala ora (2) sthira / cala avasthA ko 'citta' aura 1-tattvArtha, 9 / 25 bhAjyAnusAri TIkA : sandehe sati grnthaarthyormnsaa'bhyaaso'nuprekssaa| na tu bahirvarNoccAraNamanuzrAvaNIyam / AmnAyo'pi parivartanaM udAttA diparizuddhamanuzrAvaNIyamabhyAsavizeSaH / 2-vahI, 9 / 25 bhAjyAnusAri TIkA : AmnAyo ghoSavizuddhaM parivartanaM guNanaM rUpAdAnamityathaH / * 3-vahI, 9 / 25 bhAjyAnusAri TIkA : arthopadezo vyAkhyAna anuyogavarNanaM dharmopadeza ityanantaram / / 4-chAndogya upaniSad, 7 / 6 / 1-2 : 22

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170 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sthira avasthA ko 'dhyAna' kahA jAtA hai|' vastuta: cita aura dhyAna eka hI mana (adhyavasAna) ke do rUpa haiN| mana jaba gupta, ekAna yA niruddha hotA hai, taba usakI saMjJA dhyAna ho jAtI hai| bhAvanA, anuprekSA aura ciMtA-ye saba citta kI avasthAe~ haiM / bhAvanA- dhyAna ke abhyAsa kI kriyaa| anuprekSA- dhyAna ke bAda hone vAlI mAnasika cessttaa| ciMtA sAmAnya mAnasika cintana / inameM ekAgratA kA vaha rUpa prApta nahIM hotA, jise dhyAna kahA. jA sake / dhyAna zabda 'dhye cintAyAm' dhAtu se niSpanna hotA hai / zabda kI utpatti kI dRSTi se dhyAna kA artha cintA hotA hai, kintu pravRtti-labhya artha usase bhinna hai| dhyAna kA artha cintana nahIM kintu cintana kA ekAgrIkaraNa arthAt citta ko kisI eka lakSya para sthira karanA yA usakA nirodha karanA hai| tattvArtha sUtra meM ekAgna cintA tathA zarIra, vANI aura mana ke nirodha ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai| isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaina-paramparA meM dhyAna kA sambandha kevala mana se hI . nahIM mAnA gayA thaa| vaha mana, vANI aura zarIra-ina tInoM se sambandhita thaa| isa abhimata ke AdhAra para usakI pUrNa paribhASA isa prakAra banatI hai-zarIra, vANI aura mana kI ekAgra pravRtti tathA unakI nirejana dazA-niSprakampa dazA dhyAna hai|ptnyjli ne dhyAna kA sambandha kevala mana ke sAtha mAnA hai| unake anusAra jisameM dhAraNA kI gaI ho, usa deza meM dhyeya-viSayaka jJAna kI ekatAnatA ( arthAt sadRza pravAha ) jo anya jJAnoM se aparAmRSTa ho, ko dhyAna kahA jAtA hai / sadRza pravAha kA abhiprAya yaha hai ki jisa dhyeya viSayaka pahalI vRti ho, usI viSaya kI dUsarI aura usI . viSaya kI tIsarI ho- dhyeya se anya jJAna bIca meM na ho / 6 pataJjali ne ekAgratA aura nirodha- ye donoM kevala 1-dhyAnazataka 2: jaM thiramajhavasANaM taM mANaM jaM calaM tayaM cittaM / 2-vahI, 2: taM hojja bhAvaNA vA aguppehA vA ahava ciNtaa| 3-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 1463 : aMto muhutakAlaM cittassegaggagayA havai jhANaM / 4-tattvArtha, sUtra 9 / 27 : uttamasaMhananasyaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnamAntarmuhurtAt / 5-Avazyaka, niyukti 1467-1478 / 6-pAtaMjala yogadarzana 32: tatra patyayaikatAnatA dhyAnam /

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khaNDa 1. prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 171 citta ke hI mAne haiN| garuDapurANa meM bhI brahma aura AtmA kI cintA ko dhyAna kahA gayA hai| bauddhadhArA meM bhI dhyAna mAnasika hI mAnA gayA hai / dhyAna kevala mAnasika hI nahIM, kintu vAcika aura kAyika bhI hai| yaha abhimata jaina AcAryo kA apanA maulika hai| pataJjali ne dhyAna aura samAdhi-ye do aMga pRthaka mAnya kie, isalie unake yogadarzana meM dhyAna kA rUpa bahuta vikasita nahIM huaa| jaina AcAryoM ne dhyAna ko itane vyApaka artha meM svIkAra kiyA ki unheM usase pRthak samAdhi ko mAnane ko AvazyakatA hI nahIM huii| pataJjali kI bhASA meM jo samprajJAta samAdhi hai, vahI jaina yoga kI bhASA meM zukladhyAna kA pUrva caraNa hai|4 pataJjali jise asamprajJAta samAdhi kahate haiM, vaha jainayoga meM zukla-dhyAna kA uttara caraNa hai / " dhyAna se samAdhi ko pRthaka mAnane kI paramparA jaina sAdhanA paddhati ke uttara kAla meM sthira huI, aisA pratIta hotA hai| isase yaha bhI spaSTa hai ki jainoM kI dhyAna viSayaka mAnyatA pataJjali se prabhAvita nahIM hai| __kevalajJAnI ke kevala nirodhAtmaka dhyAna hI hotA hai, kintu jo kevalajJAnI nahIM haiM unake ekAgratAtmaka aura nirodhAtmaka donoM dhyAna hote haiN| dhyAna kA sambandha zarIra, vANI aura mana-tInoM se mAnA jAtA rahA, phira bhI usakI paribhASA-citta kI ekAgratA dhyAna hai--isa prakAra kI jAtI rahI hai / bhadrabAhu ke sAmane yaha prazna upasthita thA--yadi dhyAna kA artha mAnasika ekAgratA hai, to isakI saMgati jaina-paramparA sammata usa prAcIna artha-zarIra, vANI aura mana kI ekAgra pravRtti yA nirejana dazA dhyAna hai ke sAtha kaise hogI ?6 / AcArya bhadrabAha ne isakA samAdhAna isa prakAra kiyA--zarIra meM vAta, pitta aura kapha-ye tIna dhAtu hote haiN| unameM se jo pracura hotA hai, usI kA vyapadeza kiyA jAtA 1-pAtaMjala yogadazana, 1118 / . 2-garuDapurANa, a0 48 : / brahmAtmacintA dhyAnaM syAt / 3-vizuddhimArga, pR0 141-151 / 4-pAtaMjala yogadarzana, yazovijayajI, 1118 : tatra pRthaktvavitarkasavicArakatvavitarkAvicArAkhyazukladhyAnabhedadvaye samprajJAtaH samAdhivatyAnAM samyagjJAnAt / 5-vahI, yazovijayajI, 1118 / - 6-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 1467 /

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172 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / hai-jaise vAyu kupita hai| jahA~ 'vAyu kupita hai'-aipA nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai, usakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki vahA~ pitta aura zleSmA nahIM haiN| isI prakAra mana kI ekAgratA dhyAna hai-yaha paribhASA bhI pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se hai / jaise mana kI ekAgratA va nirodha mAnasika dhyAna kahalAtA hai, vaise hI 'merA zarIra akampita ho'-yaha saMkalpa kara jo sthira-kAya banatA hai, vaha kAyika dhyAna hai / isI prakAra saMkalpa pUrvaka akathanIya bhASA kA varjana kiyA jAtA hai, vaha vAcika dhyAna hai| jahA~ mana ekAgra va apane lakSya ke prati vyApta hotA hai tathA zarIra aura vANI bhI usI lakSya ke prati vyApta hote haiM, vahA~ mAnasika, kAyika aura vAcika-ye tInoM dhyAna eka sAtha ho jAte haiN| jahA~ kAyika yA vAcika dhyAna hotA hai, vahA~ mAnasika dhyAna bhI hotA hai, kintu vahA~ usakI pradhAnatA nahIM hotI, isalie vaha mAnasika hI kahalAtA hai| niSkarSa kI bhASA meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki mana sahita vANI aura kAyA kA vyApAra hotA hai, usakA nAma bhAvakriyA hai aura jo bhAva-kriyA hai, vaha dhyAna hai|5 vAcika yA kAyika dhyAna ke sAtha mana saMlagna hotA hai, phira bhI unakA viSaya eka hotA hai, isalie use anekAna nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaha vyakti jo mana se dhyAna karatA hai, vahI vANI se bolatA hai aura usI meM usakI kAyA saMlagna hotI hai| yaha unakI akhaNDatA yA ekAgratA hai| __dhyAna meM zarIra, vANI aura mana kA nirodha hI nahIM hotA, pravRtti bhI hotI hai / sahaja hI prazna hotA hai ki svAdhyAya meM mana kI ekAgratA hotI hai aura dhyAna meM bhii| usa sthiti meM svAdhyAya aura dhyAna ye do kyoM ? svAdhyAya meM mana kI ekAgratA hotI hai kintu vaha ghanIbhUta nahIM hotI isalie use dhyAna. kI koTi meM nahIM rakhA jA sktaa| dhyAna citta kI ghanIbhUta avasthA hai| svalpa nidrA aura pragAr3ha nidrA meM zubha yA azubha dhyAna nahIM hotA isI prakAra navotpanna zizu tathA jinakA cita mUcchita, avyakta, madirApAna se unmatta, viSa Adi se prabhAvita hai, unake bhI dhyAna nahIM hotaa| dhyAna kA artha zUnyatA yA abhAva nahIM hai / apane Alambana meM gAr3ha rUpa se saMlagna hone ke kAraNa jo niSprakrampa ho jAtA hai, vahI citta dhyAna kahalAtA hai| mRdu, avyakta aura anavasthita citta ko dhyAna nahIM kahA jA 1-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 1468,1469 / 2-vahI, gAthA 1474 / 3-vahI, gAthA 1476,1477 / 4-vahI, gAthA 1478 / 5-vahI, gAthA 1486 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 173 sktaa|' dhyAna cetanA kI vaha avasthA hai, jo apane Alambana ke prati ekAgna hotI hai athavA bAhya-zUnyatA hone para bhI AtmA ke prati jAgarUkatA abAdhita rahatI hai / isIlie kahA gayA hai "jo vyavahAra ke prati suSapta hai, vaha AtmA ke prati jAgarUka hai|" ____ukta vivaraNa se phalita hotA hai ki cintana-zUnyatA dhyAna nahIM aura vaha cintana bhI dhyAna nahIM hai, jo anekAgra hai| ekAgra cintana dhyAna hai, bhAva-kriyA dhyAna hai aura cetanA ke vyApaka prakAza meM citta vilIna ho jAtA hai, vaha bhI dhyAna hai| ina paribhASAoM ke AdhAra para jAnA jA sakatA hai ki jaina AcArya jaDatAmaya zUnyatA va cetanA ko mUchI ko dhyAna kahanA iSTa nahIM mAnate the| dhyAna ke prakAra ekAgra cintana ko dhyAna kahA jAtA hai, isa vyutpatti ke AdhAra para usake cAra prakAra hote haiM--(1) AtaM, (2) raudra, (:) dharmya aura (4) zukla / (1) Artta-dhyAna-cetanA kI arati yA vedanAmaya ekAgra pariNati ko Artta-dhyAna kahA jAtA hai| usake cAra prakAra haiM (ka) koI puruSa amanojJa saMyoga se saMyukta hone para usa (amanojJa viSaya) ke viyoga kA cintana karatA hai-yaha pahalA prakAra hai| (kha) koI puruSa manojJa saMyoga se saMyukta hai, vaha usa ( manojJa viSaya ) ke viyoga na hone kA cintana karatA hai-yaha dUsarA prakAra hai| . (ga) koI puruSa AtaMka- sadyoghAtI roga ke saMyoga se saMyukta hone para usake viyoga kA cintana karatA hai-yaha tIsarA prakAra hai| (gha) koI puruSa prItikara kAma-bhoga ke saMyoga se saMyukta hai, vaha usake viyoga na hone kA cintana karatA hai--yaha cauthA prakAra hai| Ata-dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa haiM (ka) Akranda karanA, (kha) zoka karanA, (ga) A~sU bahAnA aura (gha) vilApa krnaa| 1-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 1481-1483 /

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174 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (2) raudra-dhyAna-cetanA kI krUratAmaya ekAgra pariNati ko 'raudra-dhyAna' kahA jAtA hai / usake cAra prakAra haiM (ka) hiMsAnubandhI- jisameM hiMsA kA anubandha---hiMsA meM satata pravartana ho / (kha) mRSAnubandhI- jisameM mRSA kA anubandha-mRpA meM satata pravartana ho| (ga) stenAnubandhI---- jisa meM corI kA anubandha---corI meM satata pravartana ho / (gha) saMrakSaNAnubandhI- jisameM viSaya ke sAdhanoM ke saMrakSaNa kA anubandha--- viSaya ke sAdhanoM meM satata pravartana ho| ' raudra-dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa haiM (ka) anuparata doSa- prAyaH hiMsA Adi se uparata na honA / (kha) bahudoSa- hiMsA Adi kI vividha pravRttiyoM meM saMlagna rhnaa| (ga) ajJAnadoSa- ajJAnavaza hiMsA Adi meM pravRtta honaa| (gha) AmaraNAntadoSa- maraNAnta taka hiMsA Adi karane kA anutApa na hotaa| ye donoM dhyAna pApAzrava ke hetu haiM, isIlie inheM 'aprazasta' dhyAna kahA jAtA hai| ina donoM ko ekAgratA kI dRSTi se dhyAna kI koTi meM rakhA gayA hai, kintu sAdhanA kI dRSTi se Arta aura raudra pariNatimaya ekAgratA vighna hI hai / mokSa ke hetubhUta dhyAna do hI haiM--(1) dharmya aura (2) zukla / inase Azrava kA nirodha hotA hai, isalie inheM 'prazasta dhyAna' kahA jAtA hai / (3) dharmya-dhyAna-vastu-dharma yA satya kI gaveSaNA meM pariNata cetanA kI ekAgratA ko 'dharmya-dhyAna' kahA jAtA hai / isake cAra prakAra haiM (1) AjJA-vicaya- pravacana ke nirNaya meM saMlagna citta / .. (2) apAya-vicaya- doSoM ke nirNaya meM saMlagna citta / (3) vipAka-vicaya- karma phaloM ke nirNaya meM saMlagna citta / (4) saMsthAna-vicaya- vividha padArtho ke AkRti-nirNaya meM saMlagna citta / dharmya dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa haiM (ka) AjJA-ruci- pravacana meM zraddhA honaa| (kha) nisarga-ruci-- sahaja hI satya meM zraddhA honA / (ga) sUtra-ruci- sUtra par3hane ke dvArA zraddhA utpanna honA / (gha) avagAr3ha-ruci- vistAra se satya kI upalabdhi honaa|

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 175 dharmya dhyAna ke cAra Alambana haiM (ka) vaacnaa-pddh'aanaa| (kha) pratipracchanA-zaMkA-nivAraNa ke lie prazna krnaa| (ga) parivartanA--punarAvartana krnaa| (gha) anuprekSA-artha kA cintana krnaa| dharmya dhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~ haiM (ka) ekatva-anuprekSA-akelepana kA cintana karanA / (kha) anitya-anuprekSA-padArthoM kI anityatA kA cintana krnaa| (ga) azaraNa-anuprekSA-azaraNa dazA kA cintana krnaa| (gha) saMsAra-anuprekSA---saMsAra-paribhramaNa kA cintana krnaa| (4) zukla dhyAna-cetanA kI sahaja ( upAdhi rahita ) pariNati ko 'zukla-dhyAna' kahA jAtA hai| usake cAra prakAra haiM (ka) pRthktv-vitrk-svicaarii| (kha) ektv-vitrk-avicaarii| (ga) sUkSma-kriya-apratipAti / (gha) samucchinna-kriya-anivRtti / dhyAna ke viSaya meM dravya aura usake paryAya haiN| dhyAna do prakAra kA hotA haisAlambana aura nirAlambana / dhyAna meM sAmagrI kA parivartana bhI hotA hai aura nahIM bhI hotA / vaha do dRSTiyoM se hotA hai-bheda-dRSTi se aura abheda-dRSTi se| jaba eka dravya ke aneka paryAyoM kA aneka dRSTiyoM-nayoM se cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura pUrva-zruta kA Alambana liyA jAtA hai tathA zabda se artha meM aura artha se zabda meM evaM mana, vacana aura kAyA meM se eka dUsare meM saMkramaNa kiyA jAtA hai, zukla-dhyAna kI isa sthiti ko 'pRthakatva-vitarka-savicArI' kahA jAtA hai| ___jaba eka dravya ke kisI eka paryAya kA abheda-dRSTi se cintana kiyA jAtA hai aura pUrve-zruta kA Alambana liyA jAtA hai tathA jahA~ zabda, artha evaM mana-vacana-kAyA meM se eka dUsare meM saMkramaNa kiyA jAtA hai, zukla-dhyAna kI usa sthiti ko 'ekatva-vitarkaavicArI' kahA jAtA hai| ___ jaba mana aura vANI ke yoga kA pUrNa nirodha ho jAtA hai aura kAyA ke yoga kA pUrNa nirodha nahIM hotA-zvAsocchavAsa jaisI sUkSma-kriyA zeSa rahatI hai, usa avasthA ko 'sUkSma-kriya' kahA jAtA hai / isakA patana nahIM hotA, isalie yaha apratipAti hai| jaba sUkSma kriyA kA bhI nirodha ho jAtA hai, usa avasthA ko 'samucchinna-kriya' kahA jAtA hai / isakA nivartana nahIM hotA, isalie yaha anivRtti hai|

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176 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana zukla-dhyAna ke cAra lakSaNa haiM (ka) avyatha-- kSobha kA abhAva / (kha) asammoha- sUkSma padArtha viSayaka mUr3hatA kA abhAva / (ga) viveka- zarIra aura AtmA ke bheda kA jJAna / (gha) vyutsarga- zarIra aura upAdhi meM anAsakta bhAva / zukla-dhyAna ke cAra Alambana haiM (ka) kSAnti- kSamA / (kha) mukti- nirlobhatA / (ga) mArdava- mRdutaa| (gha) Arjava- srltaa| zukla-dhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~ haiM-- (ka) anantavRttitA anuprekSA- saMsAra paramparA kA cintana karanA / (kha) vipariNAma anuprekSA- vastuoM ke vividha pariNAmoM kA cintana / (ga) azubha anuprekSA- padArthoM kI azubhatA kA cintana krnaa| (gha) apAya anuprekSA- doSoM kA cintana krnaa| Agama ke uttaravartI sAhitya meM dhyAna catuSTaya kA dUsarA vargIkaraNa bhI milatA hai / usake anusAra dhyAna ke cAra bheda isa prakAra haiM-(1) piNDastha, (2) padastha, (3) rUpastha aura (4) rUpAtIta / ___taMtra-zAstra meM bhI piNDa, pada, rUpa aura rUpAtIta- ye cAroM prApta hote haiN| donoM ke artha-bheda ko chor3akara dekhA jAe to lagatA hai ki jaina-sAhitya kA yaha vargIkaraNa taMtrazAstra se prabhAvita hai| dhyAna ke vibhAga dhyeya ke AdhAra para kie gae haiN| dharma-dhyAna ke jaise cAra dhyeya 1-navacakrezvarataMtra: piNDaM padaM tathA rUpaM, rUpAtItaM catuSTayam / yo vA samyaga vijAnAti, sa guruH parikIrtitaH / piNDaM kuNDalinI-zaktiH, padaM haMsaH prakIrtitaH / rUpaM biduriti jJeyaM, rUpAtItaM niraJjanam // 2-yogazAstra 107 / / AjJApAyavipAkAnAM, saMsthAnasya cintanAt / itthaM vA dhyeyabhedena, dharmya dhyAnaM caturvidham //

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 177 batalAe, vaise aura bhI ho sakate haiN| isI saMbhAvanA ke AdhAra para piNDastha, padastha Adi bhedoM kA vikAsa huA / vastutaH ye dharmya-dhyAna ke hI prakAra haiN| naya-dRSTi se dhyAna do prakAra kA hotA hai-sAlambana aura nirAlambana / ' sAlambana dhyAna bhedAtmaka hotA hai| usameM dhyAna aura dhyeya bhinna-bhinna rahate haiN| ise dhyAna mAnane kA AdhAra vyavahAra-naya hai| piNDastha dhyAna meM bhI zarIra ke avayava-sira, zra , tAlu, lalATa, muMha, netra, kAna, nAsAgna, hRdaya aura nAbhi Adi Alambana hote haiN| isameM dhAraNAoM kA Alambana bhI liyA jAtA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ne isake lie pA~ca dhAraNAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai-3 (1) pArthivI- yogI yaha kalpanA kare ki eka samudra hai.-zAnta aura gaMbhIra / usake madhya meM hajAra paMkhur3I vAlA eka kamala hai| usa kamala ke madhya meM eka siMhAsana hai| usa para vaha baiThA hai aura yaha vizvAsa karatA hai ki kaSAya kSINa ho rahe haiM, yaha 'pArthivI' dhAraNA hai| (2) AgneyI- siMhAsana para baiThA huA yogI yaha kalpanA kare ki nAbhi meM solaha dala vAlA kamala hai| usako kaNikA meM eka mahAmaMtra 'aham' hai aura usake pratyeka dala para eka-eka svara hai / 'aham' ke ekAra se dhUmazikhA nikala rahI hai / sphuliMga uchala rahe haiM / agni kI jvAlA bhabhaka rahI hai| usase hRdaya-sthita aSTadala kamala, jo ATha karmoM kA sUcaka hai, jala rahA hai| vaha bhasmIbhUta ho gayA hai| agni zAnta ho gaI hai, yaha 'AgneyI' dhAraNA hai| (3) mArutI- phira yaha kalpanA kare ki vegavAn vAyu cala rahA hai, usake dvArA jale hue kamala kI rAkha ur3a rahI hai, yaha 'mArutI' dhAraNA hai / (4) vAruNI- phira yaha kalpanA kare ki teja varSA ho rahI hai, bacI huI rAkha usake jala meM pravAhita ho rahI hai, yaha 'vAruNI' dhAraNA hai / (5) tattvarUpavatI-- phira kalpanA kare ki yaha AtmA 'arhat' ke samAna hai, zuddha hai, atizaya sampanna hai, yaha 'tattvarUpavatI' dhAraNA hai / hemacandra ne isakA 'tattvabhU' nAma bhI rakhA hai| padastha dhyAna meM maMtra-padoM kA Alambana liyA jAtA hai / jJAnArNava (38 / 1-16) aura yogazAstra (8 / 1-80) meM maMtra-padoM kI vistAra se carcA kI hai| . 1-tattvAnuzAsana, 96 / 2-vairAgyamaNimAlA, 34 / 3-jJAnArNava, 37 // 4-30 /

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178 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rUpastha dhyAna meM 'arhat' ke rUpa (pratimA) kA Alambana liyA jAtA hai| vItarAga kA cintana karane vAlA vItarAga ho jAtA hai aura rogI kA cintana karane vAlA rogii|' isIlie rUpastha dhayAna kA Alamvana vItarAga kA rUpa hotA hai| piNDastha, padastha aura rUpastha-ina tInoM dhyAnoM meM AtmA se bhinna vastuoMpaudgalika dravyoM kA Alambana liyA jAtA hai, isalie ye tInoM sAlambana dhyAna ke prakAra haiN| rUpAtIta dhyAna kA Alambana amUrta-prAtmA kA cidAnandamaya svarUpa hotA hai| isameM dhyAtA, dhyAna aura dhyeya kI ekatA hotI hai / isa ekIkaraNa ko 'samarasI-bhAva' kahA jAtA hai / yaha nirAlambana dhyAna hai / ise dhyAna mAnane kA AdhAra nizcaya-naya hai| prArambha meM sAlambana dhyAna kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| isameM eka sthUla Alambana hotA hai, ataH isase dhyAna ke abhyAsa meM suvidhA milatI hai| jaba isakA abhyAsa paripakva ho jAtA hai taba nirAlambana dhyAna kI yogyatA prApta hotI hai| jo vyakti sAlambana dhyAna kA abhyAsa kie binA sIdhA nirAlambana dhyAna karanA cAhatA hai, vaha vaicArika pAkulatA se ghira jAtA hai| isIlie AcAryoM ne cetAyA ki pahale sAlambana dhyAna kA abhyAsa kro| vaha sadha jAe taba use chor3a do, nirAlambana dhyAna ke abhyAsa meM laga jaao|' dhyAna ke abhyAsa kA yaha krama prAya: sarvasammata rahA hai-sthUla se sUkSma, savikalpa se nivarkilpa aura sAlambana se nirAlambana honA caahie| dhyAna kI maryAdAe~ ___ dhyAna karane kI kucha maryAdAe~ haiM / unheM samajha lene para hI dhyAna karanA sulabha hotA hai / sabhI dhyAna-zAstroM meM nyUnAdhika rUpa se unako carcA prApta hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne bhI unake viSaya meM apanA abhimata pradarzita kiyA hai| dhyAnazataka meM dhyAna se sambandhita bAraha viSayoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| ve (1) bhAvanA, (2) pradeza, (3) kAla, (4) prAsana, (5) Alambana, (6) krama, (7) dhyeya, (8) dhyAtA, (6) anuprekSA, (10) lezyA, (11) liGga aura (12) phala / ' pahale hama ina viSayoM ke mAdhyama se dharmya-dhyAna para vicAra kreNge| (1) bhAvanA- dhyAna kI yogyatA usI vyakti ko prApta hotI hai, jo pahale bhAvanA kA abhyAsa kara cukatA hai / isa prasaMga meM cAra bhAvanAeM ullekhanIya haiM 1-yogazAstra, 9 / 13 / 2-jJAnasAra, 37: yogazAstra, 105 / 3-dhyAnazataka, 28,29 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 176 (1) jJAna-bhAvanA- jJAna kA abhyAsa ; jJAna meM mana kI lInatA, (2) darzana-bhAvanA- mAnasika mUr3hatA ke nirasana kA abhyAsa, (3) cAritra-bhAvanA- samatA kA abhyAsa aura (4) vairAgya-bhAvanA- jagat ke svabhAva kA yathArtha darzana, Asakti, bhaya aura AkAMkSA se mukta rahane kA abhyAsa / ' ina bhAvanAoM ke abhyAsa se dhyAna ke yogya mAnasika-sthiratA prApta hotI hai| AcArya jinasena te jJAna-bhAvanA ke pA~ca prakAra batalAe haiM-vAcanA, pracchanA, anuprekSA, parivartanA aura dhrm-deshnaa| darzana-bhAvanA ke sAta prakAra batalAe haiM-saMvega, prazama, sthairya, amUr3hatA, agarvatA, Astikya aura anukampA / cAritra-bhAvanA ke nau prakAra batalAe haiM--pA~ca samitiyA~, tIna guptiyA~ aura kaSTa-sahiSNutA / vairAgya-bhAvanA ke tIna prakAra batalAe haiM-viSayoM ke prati anAsakti, kAyatattva kA anucintana aura jagat ke svabhAva kA vivecana / 2 . (2) pradeza- dhyAna ke lie ekAnta pradeza apekSita hai| jo janAkIrNa sthAna meM rahatA hai, usake sAmane indriyoM ke viSaya prastuta hote rahate haiN| unake samparka se kadAcit mana vyAkula ho jAtA hai| isalie ekAntavAsa muni ke lie sAmAnya mArga hai, kintu jainaAcAryoM ne hara satya ko anekAnta-dRSTi se dekhA, isalie unakA yaha Agraha kabhI nahIM rahA ki muni ko ekAntavAsI hI honA cAhie / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA-"sAdhanA gA~va meM bhI ho sakatI hai aura araNya meM bhI ho sakatI hai| sAdhanA kA bhAva na ho to vaha gA~va meM bhI nahIM ho sakatI aura araNya meM bhI nahIM ho sktii|"4 dhIra vyakti janAkIrNa aura vijana donoM sthAnoM meM samacitta raha sakatA hai| ataH dhyAna ke lie pradeza kI koI ekAntika maryAdA nahIM dI jA sktii| anekAnta-dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to pradeza ke sambandha meM sAmAnya maryAdA yaha hai ki dhyAna kA sthAna zUnya-gRha, guphA Adi vijana pradeza honA cAhie / jahA~ mana, vANI aura zarIra ko samAdhAna mile aura jahA~ jIvajantuoM kA koI upadrava na ho, vaha sthAna dhyAna ke lie upayukta hai / 6 1-dhyAnazataka, 30 / 2-mahApurANa 21 / 96-99 / 3-mahApurANa, parva 21170-80 / 4-AcArAMga 18 / 1 / 14 : gAme vA aduvA raNe, Neva gAme va raNe dhammamAyANaha / 5-dhyAnazataka, 36 / 6-vahI, 37 //

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmakaadhyayana (3) kAla- dhyAna ke lie kAla kI bhI koI ekAntika maryAdA nahIM hai| vaha sArvakAlika hai-jaba bhAvanA ho tabhI kiyA jA sakatA hai|' dhyAnazataka ke anusAra jaba mana ko samAdhAna prApta ho, vahI samaya dhyAna ke lie upayukta hai| usake lie dinarAta Adi kisI samaya kA niyama nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / 2 (4) Asana- dhyAna ke lie zarIra kI avasthiti kA bhI koI niyama nahIM hai| jisa avasthiti meM dhyAna sulabha ho, usI meM vaha karanA caahie| isa abhimata ke anusAra dhyAna khar3e, baiThe aura sote- tInoM avasthAoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai| - 'bhU-bhAga'-dhyAna kisI U~ce Asana yA zayyA Adi para baiTha kara nahIM karanA caahie| usake lie 'bhUtala' aura 'zilApaTTa'-ye do upayukta mAne gae haiN| kASThapaTTa bhI usake lie upayukta hai| dhyAna ke lie abhihita AsanoM kI carcA hama 'sthAna-yoga' ke prasaMga meM kara cuke haiN| samagradRSTi se dhyAna ke lie nimna apekSAe~ haiM (1) bAdhA rahita sthAna, (2) prasanna kAla, (3) sukhAsana, (4) sama, sarala aura tanAva rahita zarIra, . (5) donoM hoTha 'adhara' mile hue, (6) nIce aura Upara ke dA~toM meM thor3A antara, (7) dRSTi nAsA ke agna bhAga para TikI huI, (8) prasanna mukha, () mu~ha pUrva yA uttara dizA kI ora aura (10) maMda zvAsa-nizvAsa / 5 1-mahApurANa, 21181 : na cAhorAtra sandhyAdi-lakSaNaH kAlaparyayaH / niyato'syAsti vidhyAsoH, taddhyAnaM sArvakAlikam // 2-dhyAnazataka, 38 / 3-dhyAnazataka, 39 ; mahApurANa, 21175 / / 4-tattvAnuzAsana, 92 / 5-(ka) mahApurANa, 21160-64 : (kha) yogazAstra, 4 / 135,136 / (ga) pAsanAhacariya, 206 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 181 (5) Alambana-Ara kI car3hAI meM jaise rassI Adi ke sahAre kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, vaise hI dhyAna ke lie bhI kucha Alambana Avazyaka hote haiN| inakA ullekha 'dhyAna ke prakAra' zIrSaka meM kiyA jA cukA hai| (6) krama- pahale sthAna (sthira rahane) kA abhyAsa honA caahie| isake pazcAt mauna kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| zarIra aura vANI donoM kI gupti hone para dhyAna (mana kI gapti) sahaja ho jAtA hai / apanI zakti ke anusAra dhyAna-sAdhanA ke aneka krama ho sakate haiN| (7) dhyeya-dhyAna aneka ho sakate haiM, unakI nizcita saMkhyA nahIM kI jA sktii| dhyeya viSayaka carcA 'dhyAna ke prakAra' zIrSaka meM kI jA cukI hai| (5) dhyAtA-dhyAna ke lie kucha vizeSa guNoM kI apekSAe~ haiM / ve jise prApta hoM, vahI vyakti usakA adhikArI hai| dhyAnazataka meM una vizeSa guNoM kA ullekha isa prakAra hai (1) apramAda- madyapAna, viSaya, kaSAya, nidrA aura vikathA-ye pA~ca pramAda haiM / inase jo mukta hotA hai, (2) nirmoha- jisakA moha upazAnta yA kSINa hotA hai ora (3) jJAna-sampanna- jo jJAna-sampadA se yukta hotA hai, vahI vyakti dharmya ... dhyAna kA adhikArI hai| sAmAnya dhAraNA yahI rahI hai ki dhyAna kA adhikArI muni ho sakatA hai / rAyasena aura zubhacandra5 kA bhI yahI mata hai| isakA artha yaha nahIM ki gRhastha ke dharmyadhyAna hotA hI nahIM, kintu isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki usake uttama koTi kA dhyAna nahIM hotaa| dharmya-dhyAna kI tIna koTiyA~ ho sakatI haiM--uttama, madhyama aura avara / uttama koTi kA dhyAna apramatta vyaktiyoM kA hI hotA hai| madhyama aura avara koTi kA dhyAna zeSa vyaktiyoM ke ho sakatA hai| unake lie yahI sImA mAnya hai ki indriya aura mana para .unakA nigraha honA cAhie / 1-dhyAnazataka, 43 / 2-vahI, 63 / 3-vahI, 63 / 4-tattvAnuzAsana, 41-45 : 5-jJAnArNava, 4 / 17 / 6-tattvAnuzAsana, 38: guptendriyamanA dhyaataa|

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182 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rAyasena ne adhikArI kI dRSTi se dharmya-dhyAna ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA haimukhya aura upacAra / mukhya dharmya-dhyAna kA adhikArI apramatta hI hotA hai| dUsare loga aupacArika dharmya-dhyAna ke adhikArI hote haiN|' dhyAna kI sAmagrI (dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva ) ke AdhAra para bhI dhyAtA aura dhyAna ke tIna-tIna prakAra nizcita kie gae haiMutkRSTa sAmagrI utkRSTa dhyAtA utkRSTa dhyAna madhyama sAmagrI madhyama dhyAtA madhyama dhyAna jaghanya sAmagrI jaghanya dhyAtA . jaghanya dhyAna dharmya-dhyAna kA adhikArI alpajJAnI vyakti ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha nahIM ho sakatA, jisakA mana asthira ho / dhyAna aura jJAna kA nikaTa se koI sambandha nahIM hai| jJAna vyagra hotA hai-aneka AlambanoM meM vicaraNa karatA hai aura dhyAna ekAna hotA hai-eka Alambana para sthira hotA hai / vastutaH 'dhyAna' jJAna se bhinna nahIM hai, usI kI. eka vizeSa avasthA hai| aparispandamAna agnizikhA kI bhA~ti jo jJAna sthira hotA hai, vahI 'dhyAna' kahalAtA hai| ___ jisakA saMhanana vajra kI taraha sudRr3ha hotA hai aura jo viziSTa zruta (pUrva-jJAna) kA jJAtA hotA hai, vahI vyakti zukla-dhyAna kA adhikArI hai|5 ____ jaina-AcAryo kA yaha abhimata rahA hai ki vartamAna meM zukla-dhyAna ke upayukta sAmagrI-vajra-saMhanana aura dhyAnopayogI viziSTa-jJAna prApta nahIM hai| unhoMne aidaMyugIna logoM ko dharmya-dhyAna kA hI adhikArI mAnA hai|6 (E) anuprekSA- Atmopalabdhi ke do sAdhana haiM-svAdhyAya aura dhyAna / kahA gayA hai ki svAdhyAya karo, usase thakAna kA anubhava ho taba dhyAna kro| dhyAna se thakAna kA anubhava ho, taba phira svAdhyAya kro| isa krama se svAdhyAya aura dhyAna ke abhyAsa se paramAtmA prakAzita ho jAtA hai|" anuprekSA svAdhyAya kA eka aMga hai| dhyAna kI siddhi ke lie anuprekSAoM kA 1-tattvAnusAzana, 47 : 2-(ka) vahI, 48,46 / (kha) jJAnArNava, 28 / 29 / 3-mahApurANa, 211102 / 4-sarvArthasiddhi, 9 / 27 ; tattvAnuzAsana, 49 / 5-dhyAnazataka, 64 / 6-tatvAnuzAsana, 36 / 7-vahI, 81 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 183 abhyAsa karanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai| unake abhyAsa se jisakA mana susaMskRta hotA hai, vaha viSama sthiti utpanna hone para bhI avicala raha sakatA hai, priya aura apriya donoM sthitiyoM ko samabhAva se saha sakatA hai| dharmya-dhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~ haiM / inakA ullekha hama 'dhyAna ke prakAra' zIrSaka meM kara cuke haiN| (10) lezyA- vicAroM meM taratamatA hotI hai| ve acche hoM yA bure eka samAna nahIM hote / isa taratamatA ko lezyA ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai| yaha nizcita hai ki dharmya-dhyAna ke samaya vicAra-pravAha zuddha hotA hai| zuddha bicAra-pravAha ke tIna prakAra haiM-tejas lezyA (=pIta lezyA), padma lezyA aura zukla leshyaa|| tejas lezyA se padma lezyA vizuddha hotI hai aura padma lezyA se zukla lezyA vizuddha hotI hai / eka-eka lezyA ke pariNAma bhI maMda, madhyama aura tIvra hote haiM / uttarAdhyayana meM mAnasika vizuddhi kA krama samajhAte hue batAyA gayA hai "jo manuSya namratA se bartAva karatA hai, jo capala hotA hai, jo mAyA se rahita hai, jo akutUhalI hai, jo vinaya karane meM nipuNa hai, jo dAnta hai, jo samAdhi-yukta hai, jo upadhAna (zruta adhyayana karate samaya tapa) karane vAlA hai, jo dharma meM prema rakhatA hai, jo dharma meM dRr3ha hai, jo pApabhIru hai, jo mukti kA gaveSaka hai -jo ina sabhI pravRttiyoM se yukta hai, vaha tejolezyA meM pariNata hotA hai| ___ "jisa manuSya ke krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha atyanta alpa haiM, jo prazAnta-citta hai, jo apanI AtmA kA damana karatA hai, jo samAdhi-yukta hai, jo upadhAna karane vAlA hai, jo atyalpa bhASI hai, jo upazAnta hai, jo jitendriya hai-jo ina sabhI pravRttiyoM se yukta hai, vaha padma lezyA meM pariNata hotA hai| ."jo manuSya Atta aura raudra---ina donoM dhyAnoM ko chor3akara dharma aura zukla.-ina do dhyAnoM meM lIna rahatA hai, jo prazAnta-citta hai, jo apanI AtmA kA damana karatA hai, jo samitiyoM se samita hai, jo guptiyoM se gupta hai, jo upazAnta hai, jo jitendriya haijo ina sabhI pravRttiyoM se yukta hai, vaha sarAga ho yA vItarAga, zukla lezyA meM pariNata hotA hai|" (11) liGga- sUdUra pradeza meM agni hotI hai, use A~khoM se nahIM dekhA jA sakatA, kintu dhUvA dekhakara use jAnA jA sakatA hai| isIlie dhUvA usakA liGga hai| dhyAna vyakti kI Antarika pravRtti hai, use nahIM dekhA jA sakatA, kintu usa vyakti kI satya viSayaka AsthA dekhakara use mAnA jA sakatA hai, isIlie satya kI AsthA usakA liGga 1-uttarAdhyayana, 34 / 27-32 /

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184 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hai-hetu hai / ' AgamoM meM isake cAra liGga (lakSaNa) batalAe gae haiM / 'dhyAna ke prakAra' zIrSaka dekhie| (12) phala-dharmya-dhyAna kA prathama phala Atma-jJAna hai| jo satya aneka tarkoM ke dvArA nahIM jAnA jAtA, vaha dhyAna ke dvArA sahaja hI jJAta ho jAtA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne likhA hai-"karma kSINa hone para mokSa hotA hai, karma Atma-jJAna se kSINa hote haiM aura Atma-jJAna dhyAna se hotA hai| yaha dhyAna kA pratyakSa phala hai / " 2 pAralaukika yA parokSa phala ke viSaya meM sandeha ho sakatA hai, isIlie hamAre AcAryoM ne dhyAna ke aihika yA pratyakSa phaloM kA bhI vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| dhyAna-siddha vyakti kaSAya se utpanna hone vAle mAnasika duHkhoM-IrSyA, viSAda, zoka, harSa Adi se pIr3ita nahIM hotaa| vaha sardIgarmI Adi se utpanna zArIrika kaSToM se bhI pIr3ita nahIM hotaa| yaha tathya vartamAna zodhoM se bhI pramANita ho cukA hai ki bAhya paristhitiyoM se dhyAnastha vyakti bahata kama prabhAvita hotA hai| antarikSa yAtriyoM ke lie atyadhika sardI aura garmI se aprabhAvita rahanA Avazyaka hai| isa dRSTi se yoga kI prakriyA ko antarikSa yAtrA ke lie uAyogo samajhA gyaa| isa lakSya kI purti ke lie rUsiyoM aura amarIkiyoM ne bhArata meM Akara yogAbhyAsa kI aneka prakriyAoM kA jJAna prApta kiyaa| zukla-dhyAna ___ zukla-dhyAna ke lie upayukta sAmagrI abhI prApta nahIM hai, ata: Adhunika logoM ke lie usakA abhyAsa bhI saMbhava nahIM hai / phira bhI usakA vivecana Avazyaka hai| usakI paramparA kA viccheda nahIM honA caahie| AcArya hemacandra kI yaha mAnyatA hai|4 isa mAnyatA meM sacAI bhI hai| avicchinna paramparA se yadA-kadA koI vyakti thor3I bahuta mAtrA meM lAbhAnvita ho sakatA hai| aba hama bhAvanA Adi bAraha viSayoM ke mAdhyama se zukla-dhyAna kA vivecana kreNge| bhAvanA, pradeza, kAla aura Asana ye cAra viSaya dharmya aura zukla donoM ke samAna hai / " Alambana-Adi doMnoM ke bhinna-bhinna haiN| 1-dhyAnazataka 67 / 2-yogazAstra 4 / 113: mokSaH karmakSayAdeva, sa cAtmajJAnato bhavet / dhyAnasAdhyaM mataM tacca, taddhyAnaM hitamAtmanaH // 3-dhyAnazataka 103,104 / 4-yogazAstra 113,4 / 5-dhyAnazataka, 68, vRtti /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 185 __ mAlamvana-zukla-dhyAna ke pAlambanoM kI carcA 'dhyAna ke prakAra' zIrSaka meM kI jA cukI hai| krama-zukla-dhyAna karane vAlA kramazaH mahad Alambana kI ora bar3hatA hai| prArambha meM mana kA Alambana samUcA saMsAra hotA hai / kramika abhyAsa hote-hote vaha eka paramANu para sthira ho jAtA hai| kevalI dazA Ate-Ate mana kA astitva hI samApta ho jAtA hai| Alambana ke saMkSepIkaraNa kA jo krama hai, use kucha udAharaNoM ke dvArA samajhAyA gayA hai / jaise samUce zarIra meM phailA huA jahara DaMka ke sthAna meM upasaMhRta kiyA jAtA hai aura phira use bAhara nikAla diyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra vizva ke sabhI viSayoM meM phailA huA mana eka paramANu meM niruddha kiyA jAtA hai aura phira usase haTAkara Atmastha kiyA jAtA hai| ___ jaise iMdhana samApta hone para agni pahale kSINa hotI hai, phira bujha jAtI hai, usI prakAra viSayoM ke samApta hone para mana pahale kSINa hotA hai, phira bujha jAtA hai-zAnta ho jAtA hai| ___ jaise lohe ke garma bartana meM DAlA huA jala kramazaH hIna hotA jAtA hai, usI prakAra zukla dhyAnI kA mana apramAda se kSINa hotA jAtA hai / ___maharSi pataMjali ke anusAra yogI kA citta sUkSma meM nivizamAna hotA hai, taba paramANu sthita ho jAtA hai aura jaba sthUla meM nivizamAna hotA hai, taba parama mahat usakA viSaya bana jAtA hai| isameM paramANu para sthita hone kI bAta hai para yaha sthUla se sUkSma kI ora jAne ke krama kI carcA nahIM hai| dhyeya-zukla-dhyAna kA dhyeya pRthaktva-vitarka-savicAra aura ekatva-vitarka-avicAraina do rUpoM meM vibhakta hai / pahalA bhedAtmaka rUpa hai aura dUsarA abhedAtmaka / inakA vizeSa artha 'dhyAna ke prakAra' meM dekheN| dhyAtA--dhyAtA ke lakSaNa dharmya-dhyAna ke dhyAtA ke samAna hI haiN| anuprekSA-dekhie 'dhyAna ke prakAra' zIrSaka / lezyA-zukla dhyAna ke prathama do caraNoM meM lezyA zukla hotI hai, tIsare caraNa meM vaha parama zukla hotI hai aura cauthA caraNa lezyAtIta hotA hai / 1-dhyAnazataka, 70 / 2-pAtaMjala yogasUtra, 1140 / 3-dhyApana zataka, 89 / 24

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186 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana liGga-zukla byAna ke cAra liGga (lakSaNa) haiM / dekhie 'dhyAna ke prakAra' zIrSaka meM / phala-dharmya-yAna kA jo phala batalAyA gayA hai, vaha utkRSTa sthiti meM pahuMca zukladhyAna kA phala bana jAtA hai| isakA aMtima phala mokSa hai / dhyAna ke vyAvahArika phala ke viSaya meM kucha matabheda milatA hai| dhyAna zataka ke anusAra dhyAna se mana, vANI aura zarIra ko kaSTa hotA hai, ve durbala hote haiM aura unakA vidAraNa hotA hai / isa abhimata se jAna par3atA hai ki dhyAna se zarIra durbala hotA hai / dUsarA abhimata isase bhinna hai| usake anusAra dhyAna se jJAna, vibhUti, Ayu, Arogya, santuSTi, puSTi aura zArIrika dhairya-ye saba prApta hote haiN|' ekAnta dRSTi se dekhane para ye donoM tathya viparIta jAna par3ate haiM, para ina donoM ke sAtha bhinna-bhinna apekSA jur3I huI hai| jisa dhyAna meM zrotI bhAvanA yA cintana kI atyanta gaharAI hotI hai, usase zArIrika kRzatA ho sakatI hai| jisa dhyAna meM Atma-saMvedana ke sivAya zeSa cintana kA abhAva hotA hai, usase zArIrika puSTi ho sakatI hai| dhyAna aura prANAyAma jaina AcArya dhyAna ke lie prANAyAma ko Avazyaka nahIM maante| unakA abhimata hai ki tIvra prANAyAma se mana vyAkula hotA hai| mAnasika vyAkulatA se samAdhi kA bhaMga hotA hai / jahA~ samAdhi kA bhaMga hotA hai, vahA~ dhyAna nahIM ho sakatA / samAdhi ke lie zvAsa ko maMda karanA Avazyaka hai| zvAsa aura mana kA gaharA sambandha hai| jahA~ mana hai, vahA~ zvAsa hai aura jahA~ zvAsa hai, vahA~ mana hai| ye donoM kSIra nIra kI bhAMti paraspara ghulemile haiN| mana kI gati maMda hone se zvAsa kI aura zvAsa kI gati maMda hone se mana kI gati apane Apa maMda ho jAtI hai| dhyAna aura samatva samatA aura viSamatA kA hamAre jIvana para gaharA prabhAva hai| zarIra sama avasthita hotA hai, taba sArA snAyu-saMsthAna ThIka kAma karatA hai| aura vaha viSama rUpa meM sthita hotA hai, taba snAyu-saMsthAna kI kriyA avyavasthita ho jAtI hai| 1-dhyAnazataka, 99 / 2-tattvAnuzAsana, 198 / / 3-mahApurANa, 21165,66 4-yogazAstra, 22 mano yatra maruttatra, marud yatra manastataH / ata stulyakriyAveto, saMvItau kSIranIravat //

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khaNDa 1. prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 187 zarIra kI samatA kA mana para asara hotA hai aura mana kI samatA kA cetanA para asara hotA hai| cetanA kI asthiratA mAnasika viSamatA kI sthiti meM hI hotI hai| lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha Adi sthitiyoM se mana jitanA viSama hotA hai, utanI hI caMcalatA hotI hai| una sthitiyoM ke prati mana kA koI lagAva nahIM hotA, taba vaha sama hotA hai / usa sthiti meM cetanA sahaja hI sthira hotI hai / yahI avasthA dhyAna hai| isIlie AcArya zubhacandra ne samabhAva ko dhyAna mAnA hai| AcArya hemacandra kA abhimata hai ki jo vyakti samatA kI sAdhanA kie binA dhyAna karatA hai, vaha korI viDambanA karatA hai / dhyAna aura zArIrika saMhanana jana-paramparA meM kucha loga yaha mAnane lage the ki vartamAna samaya meM dhyAna nahIM ho sakatA / kyoMki Aja zarIra kA saMhanana utanA dRr3ha nahIM hai jitanA pahale thaa| dhyAna ke adhikArI ve hI ho sakate haiM, jinakA zArIrika saMhanana uttama ho| tattvArtha sUtra meM bhI yahI batAyA gayA hai ki dhyAna usI ke hotA hai, jisakA zArIrika-saMhanana uttama hotA hai| yaha carcA vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI ke AsapAsa hI prArambha ho cakI thii| usI ke prati AcArya kundakunda ne apanA abhimata prakaTa kiyA thA- "isa dussama-kAla meM bhI Atma-svabhAva meM sthita jJAnI ke dharmya-dhyAna ho sakatA hai| jo ise nahIM mAnatA, vaha ajJAnI haiN|"4 AcArya devasena ne bhI isa abhimata se sahamati prakaTa kI thii| yaha carcA vikrama kI 10 vIM zatAbdI meM bhI cala rahI thiiN| rAmasena ne bhI isa prasaMga para likhA hai-"jo loga vartamAna meM dhyAna honA nahIM mAnate ve arhat-mata se anabhijJa haiN| unake anusAra zukla dhyAna ke yogya zArIrika saMhanana abhI prApta nahIM hai, kintu dharmya-dhyAna ke yogya saMhanana Aja bhI prApta haiN|"6 jana-paramparA meM dhyAna karane kI pravRtti kA hrAsa huA, usakA eka kAraNa yaha .1-jJAnArNava, 27 / 4 / 2-yogazAstra, 4 / 112 / samatvamavalamcyAtha, dhyAnaM yogI samAzrayet / binA samatvamArabdhe, dhyAne svAtmA viDambyate // 3-tattvArtha sUtra, 9 / 27 / 4-mokkhapAhuDa, 73-76 / 5-tattvasAra, 14 / 6-tattvAnuzAsana, 82-84 //

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188 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayane manovRtti bhI rahI hogI ki vartamAna samaya meM hama dhyAna ke adhikArI nahIM haiN| kucha AcAryoM ne isa manovRtti kA virodha bhI kiyA, kintu phira bhI samaya ne unhIM kA sAtha diyA, jo dhyAna nahIM hone ke pakSa meM the| isameM koI saMdeha nahIM ki dhyAna ke lie zArIrika-saMhanana kI dRr3hatA bahuta apekSita hai aura vaha isalie apekSita hai ki mana kI sthiratA zarIra kI sthiratA para nirbhara hai| dhyAna kA kAlamAna cetanA kI pariNati tIna prakAra kI hotI hai (1) hIyamAna / (2) vardhamAna / (3) avasthita / hIyamAna aura vardhamAna-ye donoM pariNatiyA~ anavasthita haiN| jo anavasthita haiM, ve dhyAna nahIM haiM / avasthita paraNati dhyAna hai / gautama ne bhagavAn mahAvIra se pUchA- "bhante ! avasthita pariNati kitane samaya taka ho sakatI hai ?" bhagavAn ne kahA- "gautama ! jaghanyata: eka samaya taka aura utkRSTataH antarmuhUrta taka / '' isI saMvAda ke AdhAra para dhyAna kA kAlamAna nizcita kiyA gyaa| eka vastu ke prati citta kA avasthita pariNAma adhika se adhika antarmuhUrta (48 minaTa) taka ho sakatA hai| usake bAda cintA, bhAvanA yA anuprekSA hone laga jAtI hai| ukta kAla-maryAdA eka vastu meM hone vAlI citta kI ekAgratA kI hai / vastu kA parivartana hotA rahe, to dhyAna kA pravAha lambe samaya taka bhI ho sakatA hai| usake lie antarmuhUrta kA niyama nahIM hai / dhyAna siddhi ke hetu dhyAna-siddhi ke lie cAra bAteM apekSita haiM-(1) guru kA upadeza, (2) zraddhA, (3) nirantara abhyAsa aura (4) sthira mana / / pataMjali ne abhyAsa kI dRr3hatA ke tIna hetu batalAe haiM-(1) dIrghakAla, (2) nirantara aura (3) satkAra / " aneka granyoM meM yoga yA dhyAna kI siddhi ke hetuoM kI vicAraNA kI gaI hai| 1-bhagavatI, 25 / 6 / 770 / 2-tattvArtha sUtra, 9 / 27 / 3-dhyAnazataka, 4 / 4-tattvAnuzAsana, 218 / 5-pAtaMjala yogasUtra, 1314 /

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khaNTa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga somadeva sUrI ne vairAgya, jJAnasampadA, asaMgatA, citta kI sthiratA, bhUkha-pyAsa Adi kI UrmiyoM ko sahanA--ye pA~ca yoga ke hetu batalAe haiN| aise aura bhI aneka hetu ho sakate haiM para isI zIrSaka kI prathama paMkti meM nirdiSTa cAra bAteM anivArya rUpa se apekSita haiN| dhyAna kA mahatva mokSa kA patha hai-saMvara aura nirjraa| unakA patha hai-tapa / dhyAna tapa kA pradhAna aMga hai| isakA spaSTa artha yaha hai ki dhyAna mokSa kA pradhAna mArga hai| vastra, loha aura gIlobhUmi ke mala, kalaMka aura paMka kI zuddhi ke lie jo sthAna jala, agni aura sUrya kA hai, vahI sthAna karma-mala kI zuddhi ke lie dhyAna kA hai / jaise Indhana kI rAzi ko agni jalA DAlatI hai aura pratikUla pavana se Ahata hokara bAdala vilIna ho jAte haiM, vaise hI dhyAna se karmoM kA dahana aura vilayana hotA hai / 3 RSibhASita meM batalAyA gayA hai ki dhyAna-hIna dharma sira-hIna zarIra ke samAna hai| jaina-paramparA meM prAcIna kAla se hI dhyAna kA itanA mahatva rahA, fira bhI patA nahIM dhyAna kI paramparA kyoM vicchinna huI ? aura bAhya tapa ke sAmane dhyAna kyoM nisteja huA ? dhyAna kI paramparA vicchinna hone ke kAraNa hI dUsare logoM meM yaha bhrama bar3hA ki jaina-dharma kA sAdhanA-mArga bahuta kaThora hai / yadi dhyAna kI paramparA avicchanna rahI hotI to yaha zrama nahIM hotaa| (6) vyutsarga - visarjana sAdhanA kA eka bahuta mahattvapUrNa aMga hai| AtmA apane ApameM paripUrNa hai| use apane lie bAhara se kucha bhI apekSita nahIM hai / usakI apUrNatA kA kAraNa hai--bAhya kA upAdAna / use roka diyA jAe va visarjita kara diyA jAe to vaha apane sahaja rUpa meM udita ho jAtI hai| vahI usakI pUrNatA hai| visarjanIya vastueM do prakAra kI haiM-(1) bAhya Alambana aura (2) Antarika vRttiyA~ / jaina paribhASA meM bAhya Alambana ke visarjana ko 'dravya-vyutsarga' aura Antarika vRttiyoM ke visarjana ko 'bhAva-vyutsarga' kahA gayA hai|" 1-yazastilaka, 8140 / 2-dhyAnazataka, 97,98 / 3-vahI, 101,102 / . 4-isibhAsiyAI, 22 / 14 / 5-(ka) bhagavatI, 25 / 7 / 802 / (kha) aupapAtika, 20 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bAhya Alambana kI dRSTi se cAra vastueM visarjanIya mAnI gaI haiM-(1) zararI, (2) gaNa, (3) upadhi aura (4) bhakta-pAna / (1) zarIra-vyutsarga- zArIrika caMcalatA kA visarjana / (2) gaNa-vyutsarga- viziSTa sAdhanA ke lie gaNa kA visarjana / (3) upadhi-vyutsarga-- vastra Adi upakaraNoM kA visarjana / (4) bhakta-pAna-vyutsarga- bhojana aura jala kA visarjana / Antarika vRttiyoM kI dRSTi se visarjanIya vastueM tIna haiM-(1) kaSAya, (2) saMsAra aura (3) krm| (1) kaSAya-vyutsarga- krodha Adi kA visarjana / (2) saMsAra-vyutsarga-- saMsAra ke mUla hetu rAga-dveSa kA visarjana / (3) karma-vyutsarga- karma pudgaloM kA visarjana / uttarAdhyayana meM kevala zarIra-vyutsarga kI paribhASA kI gaI hai|' isakA dUsarA nAma 'kAyotsarga' hai| kAyotsarga kAyotsarga kA artha hai 'kAyA kA utsrg'| prazna hotA hai Ayu pUrNa hone se pahale kAyA kA utsarga kaise ho sakatA hai ? yaha sahI hai, jaba taka Ayu zeSa rahatI hai, taba taka kAyA kA utsarga-tyAga nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu yaha kAyA azuci hai, anitya hai, doSapUrNa hai, asAra hai, duHkha hetu hai, isameM mamatva rakhanA duHkha kA mUla hai-isa bodha se bheda-jJAna prApta hotA hai| jise bheda-jJAna prApta hotA hai, vaha socatA hai ki yaha zarIra merA nahIM hai, maiM isakA nahIM huuN| maiM bhinna hU~, zarIra bhinna hai| isa prakAra kA saMkalpa karane se zarIra ke prati Adara ghaTa jAtA hai| isa sthiti kA nAma kAyotsarga hai| eka ghara meM rahane para bhI pati dvArA anAdRta patnI parityaktA kahalAtI hai| jisa vastu ke prati jisa vyakti ke hRdaya meM anAdara bhAvanA hotI hai, vaha usake lie parityakta hotI hai / jaba kAyA meM mamatva nahIM rahatA, Adara-bhAva nahIM rahatA, taba kAyA parityakta ho jAtI hai| kAyotsarga kI yaha paribhASA pUrNa nahIM hai / yadi kAyA ke prati hone vAle mamatva kA visarjana hI kAyotsarga ho to calate-phirate vyakti ke bhI kAyotsarga ho sakatA hai, para nizcalatA ke binA vaha nahIM hotaa| haribhadra sUri ne pravRtti meM saMlagna kAyA ke parityAga 1-uttarAdhyayana, 30 // 36 / 2-mUlArAdhanA, 1185 vijayodayA vRtti|

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 161 ko kAyotsarga kahA hai| yaha bhI pUrNa paribhASA nahIM hai| donoM ke yoga se pUrNa paribhASA banatI hai / kAyotsarga arthAt kAyika mamatva aura caMcalatA kA visarjana / kAyotsarga kA uddezya kAyotsarga kA mukhya uddezya hai-AtmA kA kAyA se viyojana / kAyA ke sAtha AtmA kA jo saMyoga hai, usakA mUla hai prvRtti| jo inakA visaMyoga cAhatA hai arthAt AtmA ke sAnnidhya meM rahanA cAhatA hai, vaha sthAna, mauna aura dhyAna ke dvArA 'sva' kA vyutsarga karatA hai| sthAna- kAyA kI pravRtti kA sthirIkaraNa-kAya-gupti mauna- vANI kI pravRtti kA sthirIkaraNa-vAga-gapti dhyAna- mana kI pravRtti kA sthirIkaraNa-mano-gupti / kAyotsarga meM zvAsocchvAsa jaisI sUkSma pravRtti hotI hai| zeSa pravRtti kA nirodha kiyA jAtA hai| . kAyotsarga kI vidhi aura prakAra zArIrika avasthiti aura mAnasika cintanadhArA ke AdhAra para kAyotsarga ke nau prakAra kie gae haiMzArIrika avasthiti mAnasika cintanadhArA (1) utsRta-utsRta khar3A dharma-zakla dhyAna (2) utsata khar3A na dharma-zukla aura na Ata-raudra kintu cintana-zUnya dazA (3) utsRta-niSaNNa Arta-raudra dhyAna (4) niSaNNa-utsata dharma-zukla dhyAna (5) niSaNNa na dharma-zukla aura na Artta-raudra kintu cintana-zUnya dazA (6) niSaNNa-niSaNNa baiThA Arta-raudra dhyAna (7) niSaNNa-utsRta soyA huA dharma-zukla dhyAna 1-Avazyaka, gAthA 779, hAribhadrIya vRtti : karomi kAyotsargam-dhyApAravataH kAyasyaparityAgamiti bhaavnaa| 2-yogazAstra, 3, patra 250 : kAyasya zarIrasya sthAnamaunadhyAnakriyAvyatirekeNa anyatra ucchvasitAdibhyaH kriyAntarAdhyAsamadhikRtyayautsargastyAgo 'namo arahatANaM' iti vacanAt prAk skaayotsrgH| khaDA kA

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192 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . (8) nipanna soyA huA na dharma-zukla aura na Artta-raudra kintu cintana-zUnya dazA (E) nipanna-nipanna soyA huA Arta raudra dhyAna / ' amitagati ne kAyotsarga ke cAra hI prakAra mAne haiM -(1) utthita-utthita, (2) utthita-upaviSTa, (3) upaviSTa-utthita aura (4) upaviSTa-upaviSTa / 2 (1) jo zarIra se khar3A hai aura dharma-zukla dhyAna meM lIna hai, vaha zarIra se bhI unnata hai aura dhyAna se bhI unnata hai, isalie usakA kAyotsarga'utyitta-utthita' kahalAtA hai| (2) jo zarIra se khar3A hai aura Artta-raudra dhyAna meM lIna hai, vaha zarIra se unnata kintu dhyAna se avanata hai, isalie usakA kAyotsarga 'utthita-aviSTa' kahalAtA hai| (3) jo zarIra se baiThA hai aura dharma-zukla dhyAna meM lIna hai, vaha zarIra se avanata hai kintu dhyAna se unnata hai, isalie usakA kAyotsarga 'upaviSTa-utthita' kahalAtA hai / (4) jo zarIra se baiThA hai aura Artta-raudra dhyAna meM lIna hai, vaha zarIra aura dhyAna donoM se avanata hai ; isalie usakA kAyotsarga 'upaviSTa-upaviSTa kahalAtA hai| kAyotsarga khar3e, baiThe aura sote-tInoM avasthAoM meM kiyA jA sakatA hai / phira bhI khar3I mudrA meM usakA prayoga adhika huA hai / aparAjita sUri ne likhA hai ki kAyotsarga karane vAlA vyakti zarIra se nispRha hokara khambhe kI bhA~ti sIdhA khar3A ho jaae| donoM bAhoM ko ghuTanoM kI ora phailA de| prazasta-dhyAna meM nimagna ho jaae| zarIra ko na akar3A kara khar3A ho aura na jhukA kara hii| samAgata kaSToM aura parISahoM ko sahana kare / kAyotsarga kA sthAna bhI ekAnta aura jIva-jantu rahita honA caahie| kAyotsarga ke ukta prakAra zarIra-mudrA aura cintana-pradhAha ke AdhAra para kie gae haiM, kintu prayojana kI dRSTi se usake do hI prakAra hote haiM-ceSTA kAyotsarga aura abhibhava kAyotsarga / 1-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 1459, 1460 / 2-amitagati, zrAvakAcAra, 8 / 57-61 / 3-yogazAstra, 3 patra 250 / 4-mUlArAdhanA, 21116, vijayodayA pR0 278,279 : tatra zarIranimpRhaH, sthANurivordhvakAyaH, pralambitabhujaH, prazastadhyAnapariNato'nunnamitAnatakAyaH, parISahAnupasargAzca sahamAnaH, tiSThannirjantuke karmApAyAbhi lASI vivikte deshe| 5-Avazyaka, niyukti, gAthA 1452 : so usaggo duviho ciTThae abhibhave ya naayvvo| bhikkhAyariyAi paDhamo uvasaggabhimuMjaNe biio //

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 . 2-yoga 193 kAyotsarga kA kAlamAna ceSTA kAyotsarga kA kAla ucchavAsa para AdhRta hai| vibhinna prayojanoM se vaha ATha, paccIsa, satAIsa, tIna sau, pA~ca sau aura eka hajAra ATha ucchavAsa taka kiyA jAtA hai| ____ abhibhava kAyotsarga kA kAla jaghanyata. antarmuhUrta aura utkRSTataH eka varSa kA hai| bAhubali ne eka varSa kA kAyotsarga kiyA thaa|' doSa-zuddhi ke lie kie jAne vAle kAyotsarga ke pA~ca vikalpa hote haiM-(1) devasika kAyotsarga, (2) rAtrika kAyotsarga, (3) pAkSika kAyotsarga, (4) cAturmAsika kAyotsarga aura (5) sAMvatsarika kaayotsrg| ___ chaha Avazyaka haiM, unameM kAyotsarga pA~cavA~ hai| kAyotsarga-kAla meM caturviMzastava (caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti) kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| usake sAta zloka aura aTThAIsa caraNa haiN| eka ucchavAsa meM eka caraNa kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa prakAra eka caturviMzastava kA dhyAna paccIsa ucchavAsoM meM sampanna hotA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra aura vijayodayA ke anusAra inakA dheya-parimANa aura kAlamAna isa prakAra hai pravacanasAroddhAra caturviMzastaba zloka caraNa ucchavAsa (1) devasika 2 25 . 100 (2) rAtrika 4 1-(ka) yogazAstra, 3 patra 250 : tatra ceTAkAyotsargo'STa-paMcaviMzati-saptaviMzati trizati-paMcazatI-aSTottara sahasrocchavAsAn yAvad bhavati / abhibhavakAyotsargaratu murtIdAragya saMvatsaraM yAvad bAhubalariva bhavati / - (kha) mUgarAdhanA, 2 / 116, vijayodayA vRtti : ____ antarmuhUrtaH kAyotsargasya jaghanyaH kAlaH varSamutkRSTaH / 2-yogazAstra, 3 / 3-pravacatasAroddhAra, 3 / 183-185 : cattAri do duvAlasa, vIsa cattA ya hu~ti ujjoyaa| desiya rAya pakkhiya, cAummAse ya varise y|| paNavIsa addhaterasa, saloga pannatarI ya boddhavvA / sayamegaM paNavIsaM, be bAvaNNA ya barisaMmi // sAyaM sayaM gosaddhaM, tinneva sayA havaMti pkvmmi| paMca ya cAummAse, varise aTThottarasahassA // 25 50

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: ucchavAsa 164 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana caturvizastava zloka caraNa (3) pAkSika 12 75 (4) cAturmAsika 20 125 500 (5) sAMvatsarika 40 1008 300. 252 1008 caraNa . 100 vijayodayA caturviMzastava zloka ucchavAsa (1) devasika 4 25 (2) rAtrika 2 (3) pAkSika 12 75 300 300 (4) cAturmAsika 16 100 400 . 400 (5) sAMvatsarika 20 125 500 500 isa prakAra nemicandra aura ArAjita donoM AcAryoM kI ucchvAsa saMkhyA bhinna rahI hai| amitagati zrAvakAcAra ke anusAra devasika kAyotsarga meM 108 tathA rAtrika kAyotsarga meM 54 ucchavAsoM kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai aura anya kAyotsargoM meM 27 ucchvAsoM kA / 27 ucchavAsoM meM namaskAra maMtra kI nau AvRttiyA~ kI jAtI haiM arthAt tIna ucchvAsoM meM eka namaskAra maMtra para dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| saMbhava hai prayama do-do vAkya eka-eka ucchvAsa meM aura pA~cavA~ vAkya eka ucchvAsa meM / 1-mUlArAdhanA, 11116 vijayodayA vRtti : / sAyAhna ucchvAsazatakaM, pratyUSasi paMcAzata, paze triMzatAni, caturSu mAsesu catuHzatAni, paMcazatAni saMvatatsare ucchvAsAnAm // 2-amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 8 / 68-69: / aSTottarazatocchvAsaH, kAyotsargaH pratikrame / sAndhye prabhAtike vArdhamanyastat saptaviMzatiH // saptaviMzatirucchAsAH, saMsAronmUlanakSame / santi paMcanamaskAre, navadhA cintite sati //

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khaDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 2-yoga 165 amitagati ne eka dina-rAta ke kAyotsargoM kI kula saMkhyA aTThAIsa mAnI hai|' vaha isa prakAra hai (1) svAdhyAya-kAla meM 12 (2) vaMdanA-kAla meM 6 (3) pratikramaNa-kAla meM 8 (4) yoga-bhakti-kAla meM 2 28 pA~ca mahAvatoM sambandhI atikramagoM ke lie 108 ucchavAsoM kA kAyotsarga karane kI vidhi rahI hai| kAyotsarga karate samaya yadi ucchvAsoM kI saMkhyA meM saMdeha ho jAe athavA mana vicalita ho jAe to ATha ucchavAsoM kA atirikta kAyotsarga karane kI vidhi rahI hai / 2 kAra ke vivaraNa se sahaja hI niSpanna hotA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM kAyotsarga muni kI dinacaryA kA pramukha aMga thaa| uttarAdhyayana ke sAmAcArI prakaraNa meM bhI aneka bAra kAyotsarga karane kA ullekha hai / dazavakAlika cUlikA meM muni ko bAra-bAra kAyotsarga karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| kAyotsarga kA phala ___ kAyotsarga prAyazcitta ke rUpa meM bhI kiyA jAtA hai, ata: usakA eka phala haidoSa-vizuddhi / apane dvArA kie hue doSa kA hRdaya para bhAra hotA hai| kAyotsarga karane se vaha halkA 1-amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 8166-67 : aSTaviMzatisaMkhyAmAH, kAyotsargA matA jinaH / ahorAtragatAH sarve, SaDAvazyakakAriNAm // svAdhyAye dvAdaza prAjJaiH, vaMdanAyAM ssddiiritaaH| aSTau pratikrame yogabhaktau tau dvAvudAhRtau // 2-mUlArAdhanA, 2 // 116 vijayodayA vRtti : pratyUSasi prANivadhAdiSu paMcasvatIcAreSu apTazatocchavAsamAtrakAlaH kaayotsrgH| kAyotsarge kRte yadi zaMkyate ucchvAsasya skhalanaM vA pariNAmasya ucchvA. sASTakamadhikaM sthaatvym| 3-uttarAdhyayana, 26.38-51 / 4-dazavakAlika, cUlikA 27 : abhikkhaNaM kaaussggkaarii|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ho jAtA hai, hRdaya praphulla ho jAtA hai| ataH usakA dUsarA phala hai-hRdaya kA halkApana / hRdaya halkA hone se dhyAna prazasta ho jAtA hai, yaha usakA tIsarA phala hai|' kAyotsarga se zArIrika aura mAnasika tanAva tathA bhAra bhI naSTa hote haiM / ina sArI dRSTiyoM ko dhyAna meM rakha kara use saba duHkhoM se mukti dilAne vAlA kahA gayA hai / 2 . bhadrabAha svAmI ne kAyotsarga ke pA~ca phala batalAe haiM. (1) deha nADya zuddhi-zleSma Adi ke dvArA deha meM jar3atA AtI hai| kAyotsarga se zleSma Adi naSTa hote haiM, ata: unase uttapanna hone vAlI jar3atA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai| (2) matijADya zuddhi-kAyotsarga meM mana kI pravRtti kendrita ho jAtI hai, usase bauddhika jar3atA kSINa hoto hai| (3) sukha-duHkha titikSA-kAyotsarga se sukha aura duHkha ko sahana karane kI kSamatA utpanna hotI hai| (4) anuprekSA-kAyotsarga meM sthita vyakti anuprekSAoM yA bhAvanAoM kA sthiratA pUrvaka abhyAsa kara sakatA hai| (5) dhyAna-kAyotsarga meM zubha-dhyAna kA abhyAsa sahana ho jAtA hai| kAyotsarga ke doSa - kAyotsarga se tabhI lAbha prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jaba usakI mAdhanA nirdoSa paddhati se kI jaae| pravacanasAroddhAra meM usake 164, yogazAstra meM 215 aura vijayodayA meM 166 doSa batalAe gae haiN| Abhyantara-tapa ke pariNAma ___ bhASa-zuddhi, caMvalatA kA abhAva, zalya-mukti, dhArmika dRr3hatA Adi prAyazcita ke pariNAma haiN| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 29 / 12 / 2-vahI, 26 / 38,41,46,49 / 3-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 1462 : dehamaijaDDusuddhI, suhadukkhatitakkha ya aguppehaa| jhAyai ya suhaM jhANaM, eyago kAusammi // 4-pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 247-262 / 5-yogazAstra, 3 / 6-mUlArAdhanA, 20116, vijayodayA vRtti / 7-tattvAtha, 9 / 22 zrutasAgarIya vRtti|

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 3-bAhya-jagat aura hama jJAna, lAbha, AcAra-vizuddhi, samyak ArAdhanA Adi vinaya ke pariNAma haiM / 1 . citta-samAdhi kA lAbha, glAni kA abhAva, pravacana-vAtsalya Adi vinaya ke pariNAma haiN| prajJA kA atizaya, adhyavasAya kI prazastatA, utkRSTa saMvega kA udaya, pravacana kI avicchimnatA, aticAra-vizuddhi, saMdeha-nAza, mithyAvAdiyoM ke bhaya kA abhAva Adi svAdhyAya ke pariNAma haiN| . kaSAya se utpanna Ipyo, viSAda, zoka Adi mAnasika duHkhoM se bAdhita na honA, sardI, garmo, bhUkha, pyAsa Adi zarIra ko prabhAvita karane vAle kaSToM se bAdhita na honA dhyAna ke pariNAma haiN| __nirmamatva, nirbhayatA, jIvana ke prati anAsakti, doSoM kA uccheda, mokSa-mArga meM tatparatA Adi vyutsarga ke pariNAma haiN|" 3-bAhya-jagat aura hama pravRti ke tIna srota haiM-(1) zarIra, (2) vANI aura (3) mana / inhIM ke dvArA hama bAhya-jagat ke sAtha samparka sthApita kie hue haiN| indriyoM ke dvArA bhI hama bAhyajagat se sampRkta haiN| bAhya-jagat kA bhI vAstavika astitva hai aura hamArA astitva bhI vAstavika hai / sAdhanA kI prakriyA meM kisI ke astitva ko cunautI nahIM dI jAtI, kintu apane astitva ke prati jAgarUkatA utpanna kI jAtI hai| usakI prakriyA ko 'gupti' kahA jAtA hai / usake dvArA bAhya-jagat ke sAtha hamArA rAgAtmaka sambandha vicchinna ho jAtA hai, jJAnAtmaka sambandha vicchina hotA hI nahIM aura use karane kI AvazyakatA bhI nahIM hai| guptiyA~ tIna haiM-(1) mana-gupti, (2) vacana-guti aura (3) kAya-gupti / (1) mana-gupti- rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti yA mana kA saMvaraNa / (2) vacana-gupti-asatya vacana Adi kI nivRtti yA mauna / . . (3) kAya-gupti-hiMsA Adi kI nivRtti yA kAyika-kriyA kA saMvaraNa / gupti ke dvArA bAhya-jagat ke sAtha hamArA jo rAgAtmaka sambandha hai, usakA nivartana hotA hai aura bAhya-jagat ke sAtha hamArA jo pravRtyAtmaka sambandha hai, usakA bhI nivartana 1-tattvArtha, 9 / 23 zrutasAgarIya vRtti / 2-baho, 9 / 24 zrutasAgarIya vRtti / 3-vahI, 9 / 25 zrutasAgarIya vRtti / 4-dhyAnazataka, 105-106 / 5-tatvArtha, 9 / 26 zrutasAgarIya vRtti /

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16 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana hotA hai / eka vyakti rAgAtmaka cittata nahIM karatA, yaha bho mana-gupti hai aura zubha cintana karatA hai, vahA~ bhI mana-gupti hai| eka vyakti rAgAtmaka vacana nahIM bolatA, yaha bhI vacana-gupti hai aura zubha vacana nahIM bolatA hai, vahA~ bhI vacana-gupti hai| eka vyakti rAgAtmaka gamanAgamana nahIM karatA, yaha bhI kAya-gupti hai, aura zubha gamanAgamana karatA hai, vahA~ bhI kAya-guti hai| AtmA aura bAhya-jagat kA sambandha vijAtIya tattva (paudgalika dravya) ke mAdhyama se banA huA hai| usake do aMga haiM-(1) puNya aura (2) paap| inakA sambandha-nirodha guptiyoM se hotA hai| mana-gupti se citta kI ekAgratA prApta hotI hai / ekAgratA se citta kA nirodha hotA hai / vacana-gupti se nirvicAra dazA prApta hotI hai| vAk do prakAra kA hotA hai-(1) antarjalyAkAra aura (2) bahirjallAkAra / mAnasika vicAroM kI abhivyakti bahirjalAkAra vAka se hotI hai aura mAnasika cintana antarjalpAkAra vAk ke Alambana se hotA hai| ataeva jaba taka vacana-gupti nahIM hotI arthAt antarjallAkAra vAkkA nirodha nahIM hotA, taba taka nirvicAra dazA-mAnasika cintana se mukta dazA yA dhyAna kI sthiti prApta nahIM hotii|4 kAya-guti se saMvara yA pApAzravoM kA nirodha hotA hai|5 vaidika aura bauddha darzana meM mana ko bandha aura mokSa kA hetu mAnA gyaa| jana-darzana usa siddhAnta se sarvathA asahamati prakaTa nahIM karatA to sarvathA sahamati bhI nahIM detaa| mana kI caMcalatA aura sthiratA kA zarIra ko pravRtti aura apravRtti se nikaTa kA sambandha hai / zarIra ko sthira kie binA zvAsa ko sthira nahIM kiyA jA sakatA aura zvAsa ko sthira kie binA mana ko sthira nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vijAtIya tattva kA grahaNa bhI zarIra ke hI dvArA hotA hai, isalie bandha aura mokSa kI prakriyA meM mana ko zAnti aura zarIra kA bhI bahuta mahattvapUrNa yoga hai| __zabda pudgala dravya kA kArya hai| sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura rUpa pudgala dravya ke guNa haiM / dRzya-jagat samUcA paudgalika hai / vaha manojJa bhI hai aura amanojJa bhI hai / manojJa ke prati rAga aura amanojJa ke prati dveSa utpanna hotA hai, taba AtmA pudgalAbhimukha bana jAtI hai aura pudgalAbhimukha AtmA hI pudgaloM se baddha hotI hai| zrotrendriya kA nigraha karane se manojJa zabdoM ke prati rAga-dveSa utsanna nahIM hotaa| cakSu, ghrANa, rasana aura sparzana indriya kA nigraha karane se manojJa rUpa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza 1-mUlarAdhanA, 118788, vijayodayA vRtti / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 29 / 53 / 3-vahI, 29 / 25 / 4-vahI, 29 // 54 // 5-vahI, 29 // 55

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 4-sAmAcArI 166 ke prati rAga tathA amanojJa rUpa, gaMdha, rasa aura sparza ke prati dvaSa utpanna nahIM hotaa| AtmA pudgala vimukha bana jAtI hai aura pudgala vimukha AtmA hI pudgaloM se vimukta hotI hai| bAhya-jagat se hamArA jo paudgalika sambandha hai, vahI hamArA bandhana hai aura paudgalika sambandha kA jo viccheda hai, vahI hamArI mukti / ' 4-sAmAcArI jaina tIrthaGkara dharma ko vyaktigata mAnate the, phira bhI unhoMne usakI ArAdhanA ko sAmUhika banAyA / vItarAga hara koI vyakti ho sakatA thA, jo kaSAya-mukti kI sAdhanA karatA ; kintu tIrthaGkara hara koI nahIM ho sakatA thaa| vaha vahI ho sakatA, jo tIrtha kI sthApanA karatA yAni janatA ke lie sAdhanA kA samAna dharAtala prastuta karatA aura sAdhanA ke lie use saMgaThita krtaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kevala arhat yA vItarAga hI nahIM the, kintu tIrthaGkara bhI the| unakA tIrtha bahuta zaktizAlI aura susaMgaThita thaa| ve anuzAsana, vyavasthA aura vinaya ko bahuta mahattva dete the| unake tIrtha meM hajAroM sAdhusAdhviyA~ thiiN| unakI vyavasthA ke lie unakA zAsana gyAraha (yA nau) gaNoM meM vibhakta thaa| pratyeka gaNa eka gaNadhara ke adhIna hotA thA / mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadhara the / vartamAna meM hameM jo sAhitya, sAdhanAkrama aura sAmAcArI prApta haiM, usakA adhikAMza bhAga pA~caveM gaNadhara sudharmA ke gaNa kA hai| uttarAdhyayana Adi sUtroM se jAnA jAtA hai ki mahArvara ne gaNa kI vyavasthA ke lie dasa prakAra kI sAmAcArI kA vidhAna kiyA(1) AvazyakI-gamana ke prArambha meM muni ko AvazyakI kA uccAraNa karanA caahie| yaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki usakA gamanAgapana prayojana zUnya nahIM honA caahie| (2) niSedhiko- Thaharane ke samaya muni ko niSedhikI kA uccAraNa karanA caahie| yaha isa bAta kA sUcaka hai ki prayojana pUrA hone para muni ko sthita ho jAnA caahie| (3) ApracchanA- muni apane lie koI pravRtti kare usase pUrva AcArya kI svIkRti prApta karanI caahie| (4) pratipracchanA- muni dUsare muniyoM ke lie koI pravRtti kare usase pUrva use AcArya kI svIkRti prApta karanI caahie| eka bAra eka pravRtti ke lie svIkRti prApta kI, phira vahI kAma karanA ho to usake lie dubArA svIkRti prApta karanI cAhie / 1-uttarAdhyayana, 29 / 62-66 /

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200 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (5) chandanA- muni ko jo bhikSA prApta ho, usake lie use dUsare sAdhuoM ko nimaMtrita karanA caahie| (6) icchAkAra-eka muni ko dUsare muni se koI kAma karAnA Avazyaka ho to use icchAkAra kA prayoga karanA cAhie-kRpayA icchAnusAra merA yaha kArya kareM--isa prakAra vinamra anurodha karanA caahie| sAmAnyataH muni ke lie Adeza kI bhASA vihita nahIM hai| pUrva dIkSita sAdhu ko bAda meM dIkSita sAdhu se koI kAma karAnA ho to usake lie bhI icchAkAra kA prayoga Avazyaka hai| . (7) mithyAkAra--kisI prakAra kA pramAda ho jAne para usakI vizuddhi ke lie 'mithyAkAra' kA prayoga karanA caahie| isakA artha yaha hai ki pramAda ko DhA~kane ke lie muni ke mana meM koI Agraha nahIM honA cAhie, kintu sahaja sarala bhAva se apane pramAda kA prAyazcitta honA caahie| (8) tathAkAra- AcArya yA koI gurujana jo nirdeza de, use 'tathAkAra' kA uccAraNa kara svIkAra karanA caahie| aisA karane vAlA apane gurujanoM ke prati sammAna pradarzita karatA hai| (E) abhyutthAna----muni ko AcArya Adi ke Ane para khar3A honA Adi aupacArika vinaya kA pAlana karanA caahie| (10) upasaMpadA- apanegaNa meM jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA vizeSa prazikSaNa dene vAlA koI na ho, usa sthiti meM apane AcArya kI anumati prApta kara muni kisI dUsare gaNa ke bahuzruta AcArya kI sannidhi prApta kara sakatA hai / akAraNa hI gaNa parivartana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa|' 5-caryA caryA deza-kAla ke parivartana ke sAtha parivartita hotI rahatI hai| prAcIna-kAla meM sAdhuoM ko caryA ke mukhya aMga ATha the-- (1) svAdhyAya, (5) AhAra, (2) dhyAna, (6) utsarga, (3) pratilekhana, (7) nidrA aura (4) sevA, (8) vihaar| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 17410 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 7 5-caryA 201 jaina zramaNa samaya kI prAmANikatA kA bahuta dhyAna rakhate haiM / 'kAle kAlaM samAyare'' - saba kAma ThIka samaya para karo, yaha unakA mukhya sUtra thA / kAlakrama ke anusAra unakI dinacaryA kI rUparekhA isa prakAra thI-dina ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare prahara meM dhyAna, tIsare prahara meM AhAra aura cauthe prahara meM phira svAdhyAya / 2 rAta ke prathama prahara meM svAdhyAya, dUsare prahara meM dhyAna, tIsare prahara meM nIMda aura cauthe prahara meM phira svAdhyAya / pratilekhana prathama aura caturtha prahara ke prArambha meM kiyA jAtA thaa|4 vihAra aura utsarga bhI sAmAnyataH tIsare prahara meM kie jAte the| AvazyakatAvaza ye kArya anya samaya meM bhI kie jAte the| sevA ke lie koI nizcita samaya nahIM thaa| jaba AvazyakatA hotI, tabhI vaha kI jaatii| yaha nizcita hai ki sevA ko prAthamikatA dI jAtI thii| ziSya dina ke prArambha meM hI AcArya se prazna karatA-"bhante ! Apa mujhe sevA meM niyukta karanA cAhate haiM yA svAdhyAya meM ?" AcArya ke sAmane sevAkArya kI AvazyakatA hotI to ve use sevA meM niyukta kara dete / yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki isa caryA meM dharmopadeza kA spaSTa ullekha nahIM hai| isake do kAraNa ho sakate haiM--(1) dharmopadeza karanA hara muni kA kAma nahIM thA, isalie muni kI sAmAnya caryA meM usakA ullekha nahIM kiyA gayA aura (2) dharmopadeza svAdhyAya kA hI eka aMga hai, isalie usakA pRthak ullekha nahIM kiyA gyaa| sevA kI apekSA kadAcit hotI hai| AhAra, nIMda aura utsarga-ye zarIra kI apekSAe~ haiN| vihAra bhI nirantara caryA nahIM hai / dhyAna sAdhanA kI dRSTi se adhika mahattvapUrNa kAma hai, ataH usake lie do prahara kA samaya nizcita kiyA gyaa| svAdhyAya ke lie cAra prahara kA samaya nizcita kiyA, usakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki jaina zramaNa dhyAna kI apekSA svAdhyAya ko adhika mahattva dete the, kintu usake pIche eka vizeSa dRSTi thii| usa samaya sArA zruta kaNThastha thaa| likhane kI paramparA nahIM thii| zruta-jJAna kI paramparA ko avicchinna rakhane ke lie svAdhyAya meM samaya lagAnA apekSita thaa| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 1131 / 2-vahI, 26 / 12 / 3-vahI, 26 / 18 / 4-vahI, 26 / 8,21 // 5-vahI, 26 / 9-10 / 26

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203 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 6-Avazyaka karma muni ke lie pratidina avazya karaNIya karma haiM (1) sAmAyika (2) caturvizastava (3) vaMdanA (4) pratikramaNa (5) kAyotsarga (6) pratyAkhyAna (1) samatA kA vikAsa jIvana kI pahalI AvazyakatA hai| AtmA kI pariNati viSama hotI hai, taba asat pravRttiyA~ hotI haiN| jaba AtmA kI pravRtti sama hotI hai, taba asat pravRttiyA~ apane Apa niruddha ho jAtI haiN| isa sama pariNati kA nAma hI sAmAyika hai| (2) pramoda bhAvanA kA vikAsa bhI bahuta Avazyaka hai / jaina-paramparA meM bhakti kA mahattva rahA hai, kintu usakA sambandha sarva zakti-sampanna sattA se nahIM hai| vaha kisI zakti ko prasanna karane va usase kucha pAne ke lie nahIM kI jAtI, kintu usakA prayojana vItarAga ke prati hotA hai| kAlacakra ke vartamAna khaNDa meM caubIsa tIrthaGkara hue| ve saba svayaM vItarAga aura vItarAga-dharma ke pravartaka the| isalie unakI stuti Avazyaka meM sammilita kI gii| sAmAyika hone para hI bhakti Adi Avazyaka karma saphala hote haiM, isIlie inakA sAmAyika ke bAda mahattva diyA gyaa| (3) uddhata vRtti kA nivAraNa bhI Avazyaka karma hai| vaMdanA karane se uddhata-bhAva naSTa hotA hai aura anukUlatA kA bhAva vikasita hotA hai| (4) vratoM meM cheda ho jAe~, unheM bharanA bhI Avazyaka karma hai / mana caJcala hai| vaha tyakta kArya ke prati bhI Asakta ho jAtA hai| usase vrata TUTa jAte haiM aura Azrava kA dvAra khula jAtA hai| mana ko punaH sthira banA vratoM kA sandhAna karane se Azrava ke dvAra banda ho jAte haiN| (5) kAyA kA bAra-bAra utsarga karanA zArIrika, mAnasika aura Atmika-tInoM dRSTiyoM se Avazyaka hai| (6) AtmA apane ApameM paripUrNa hai| heya-hetuoM kA pratyAkhyAna nahIM hotA, tabhI vaha apUrNa hotI hai| unakA pratyAkhyAna hote-hote kramazaH usakI pUrNatA kA udaya ho jAtA hai / isIlie pratyAkhyAna bhI Avazyaka karma hai| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 29 / 8 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 7 6-Avazyaka karma 203 uttarAdhyayana meM pratyAkhyAna ke kucha vizeSa udAharaNa bhI prApta hote haiN| unake nAma aura pariNAma isa prakAra haiMnAma pariNAma (1) saMbhoga pratyAkhyAna rasa vijaya (2) upadhi pratyAkhyAna vastra vijaya (3) AhAra pratyAkhyAna kSudhA vijaya (4) kaSAya pratyAkhyAna sukha-duHkha meM sama rahane kI zakti kA vikAsa (5) yoga pratyAkhyAna Atma-sAkSAtkAra (6) zarIra pratyAkhyAna pUrNatA kI upalabdhi (7) sahAya pratyAkhyAna svataMtratA kA vikAsa (8) bhakta pratyAkhyAna saMsAra kA alpIkaraNa (8) sadbhAva pratyAkhyAna vItarAgatA' - ye pratyAkhyAna dainika Avazyaka karma nahIM hai, kintu vizeSa sAdhanA ke aMga haiN| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 29 // 33-41 / . ..

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prakaraNa : AThavA~ 1-dharma kI dhAraNA ke hetu saMsAra ke mUla bindu do haiM--(1) janma aura (2) mRtyu / ye donoM pratyakSa haiN| kintu inake hetu hamAre pratyakSa nahIM haiN| isIlie unakI eSaNA ke lie hamAre mana meM jijJAsA utpanna hotI hai| dharma kI vicAraNA kA Adi-bindu yahI hai| . jaise aNDA bagulI se utpanna hotA hai aura bagulI aNDe se utpanna hotI hai, usI prakAra tRSNA moha se utpanna hotI hai aura moha tRSNA se utpanna hotA hai| rAga aura dveSa-ye donoM karma-bIja haiN| karma moha se utpanna hotA hai| vaha janma aura mRtyu kA mUla hetu hai aura yaha janma-maraNa kI paramparA hI duHkha hai / ' duHkhavAdI dRSTikoNa ___dharma kI dhAraNA ke aneka hetu haiM / unameM eka mukhya hetu rahA hai-duHkhavAda / anAtmavAda ke caurAhe para khar3e hokara jinhoMne dekhA, unhoMne kahA--saMsAra sukhamaya hai| jinhoMne adhyAtma kI khir3akI se jhA~kA, unhoMne kahA-saMsAra duHkhamaya hai| janma duHkha hai, jarA duHkha hai, roga duHkha hai, mRtyu duHkha hai, aura kyA, yaha samUcA saMsAra hI duHkha hai| yaha abhimata kevala bhagavAn mahAvIra va unake pUrvavartI tIrthaGkaroM kA hI nahIM rahA, mahAvIra ke samakAlIna anya dharmAcAryoM kA abhimata bhI yahI thaa| mahAtmA buddha ne inhIM svaroM meM kahA thA-"paidA honA duHkha hai, bUr3hA honA duHkha hai, vyAdhi duHkha hai, maranA duHkha hai|"3 ___ mahAvIra aura buddha-ye donoM zramaNa-paramparA ke pradhAna zAstA the| unhoMne jo kahA, vaha maharSi kapila ke sAMkhya-darzana aura pataJjali5 ke yogasUtra meM bhI prApta hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki upaniSad-paramparA sukhavAdI hai aura zramaNa-paramparA duHkhvaadii| yadi yaha sahI hai to sAMkhya aura yogadarzana sahaja hI zramaNa-paramparA kI paridhi meM A jAte haiN| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 32 // 6-7 / 2-vahI, 19 / 15 / 3-mahAvagga, 16 / 15 / 4-sAMkhya darzana, 11H atra trividhaduHkhAtyantamivRttiratyanta puruSArthaH / 5-pAtaMjala yogasUtra, 2 / 14-15: te lAdaparitApaphalAH puNyApuNyahetutvAt // pariNAmatApasaMskAraduHkhairguNavRttivirodhAca duHkhameva sarva vivekinaH //

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 1-dharma kI dhAraNA ke hetu 205 ___ prastuta viSaya kA manovaijJAnika vizleSaNa kiyA jAe to yaha phalita hotA hai ki koI bhI mokSavAdI-paramparA sukhavAdI nahIM ho sakatI / jo saMsAra ko sukhamaya mAnatA hai, usake mana meM du:kha-mukti kI AkA~kSA kaise utpanna hogI ? duHkha-mukti vahI cAhegA, jo saMsAra ko duHkhamaya mAnatA hai| isa vizleSaNa ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki duHkhavAda aura muktivAda eka hI vicAradhArA ke do chora haiN| aniSadoM meM sukha aura Ananda kI dhAraNA brahma ke sAtha jur3I huI hai, saMsAra ke sAtha nhiiN| nArada ne pUchA- "bhagavan ! maiM sukha ko jAnanA cAhatA huuN|" taba sanatkumAra ne kahA-"jo bhUmA hai, vaha sukha hai, alpa meM sukha nahIM hai / " nArada ne phira pUchA"bhagavan ! bhUmA kyA hai ?" sanatkumAra ne kahA- "jahA~ dUsarA nahIM dekhatA, dUsarA nahIM sunatA, dUsarA nahIM jAnatA, vaha bhUmA hai| jahA~ dUsarA dekhatA hai, dUsarA sunatA hai aura dUsarA jAnatA hai, vaha alpa hai|"1 taittirIya meM brahma aura Ananda kI ekAtmakatA batalAI gaI hai / jarA,mRtyu, janma, roga aura zoka-ye jahA~ nahIM haiM, vahI mokSa hai aura vahI Anandamaya Aspada hai| yaha dhAraNA zramaNa-paramparA se bhinna nahIM hai| zramaNoM ne mokSa ko sukhamaya mAnA hai| isa abhimata ke abhAva meM unakA dRSTikoNa ekAntata: nirAzAvAdI ho jaataa| kumArazramaNa kezI ne gautama se pUchA- "gautama ! zArIrika aura mAnasika duHkhoM se pIr3ita hote hue prANiyoM ke lie kSema, ziva aura anAbAdha sthAna kise mAnate ho ?" gautama ne uttara diyA-"mune ! loka ke zikhara meM eka vaisA zAzvata sthAna hai, jahA~ pahuMca pAnA bahuta kaThina hai aura jahA~ nahIM hai jarA, mRtyu, vyAdhi aura vednaa|" - "sthAna kise kahA gayA haiM"-kezI ne gautama se khaa| kezI ke aisA kahane para gautama bole-"jo nirvANa hai, jo abAdha hai, siddhi, lokAna, kSema, ziva aura anAbAdha . hai, jise mahAn kI eSaNA karane vAle prApta karate haiM, bhava-pravAha kA anta karane vAle muni 1-chAndogya upaniSad, 7 / 22 / 1;7 / 24 / 1 / 2-taittirIya, 3 / 6 / 1H Anando brahmati vyajAnAt / 3-(ka) chAndogya upaniSad, 48 / 8 / 1 : na jarA na mRtyu na shokH| (kha) zvetAzvatara, 2012 na tasya rogo na jarA na mRtyuH /

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206 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayanai jise prApta kara zoka se mukta ho jAte haiM, jo loka ke zikhara meM zAzvata rUpa se avasthita haiM, jahA~ pahuMca pAnA kaThina hai, use meM 'sthAna' kahatA huuN|" ___ isI bhAvanA ke saMdarbha meM mRgAputra ne apane mAtA-pitA se kahA thA-"maiMne cAra anta vAle aura bhaya ke Akara janma-maraNa rUpI jaMgala meM bhayaMkara janma-maraNoM ko sahA hai| "manuSya jIvana asAra hai, vyAdhi aura rogoM kA ghara hai, jarA aura maraNa se grasta hai| isameM mujhe eka kSaNa bhI Ananda nahIM mila rahA hai / "maiMne sabhI janmoM meM duHkhamaya vedanA kA anubhava kiyA hai| vahA~ eka nimeSa kA antara par3e utanI bhI sukhamaya vedanA nahIM hai / " 2 ___ usakA mana saMsAra meM isIlie nahIM rama rahA thA ki usakI dRSTi meM yahA~ kSaNa-bhara ke lie bhI sukha kA darzana nahIM ho rahA thaa| bandhana-mukti kI avasthA meM use sukha kA avirala srota pravAhita hotA dIkha rahA thaa| ___ mahAmuni kapila ne coroM ke sAmane eka prazna asthita kiyA thA-isa duHkhamaya saMsAra meM aisA kauna-sA karma hai, jisase maiM durgati meM na jAU~ / 3 yaha prazna nirAzA kI ora saMketa nahIM karatA, kintu isakA iMgita ekAnta sukha kI ora hai| bhagavAn ne kahA thA-pUrNa jJAna kA prakAza, ajJAna aura moha kA nAza tathA rAga aura dveSa kA kSaya hone se AtmA ekAnta sukhamaya mokSa ko prApta hotA hai| dharma kA Alambana unhIM vyaktiyoM ne liyA, jo du:khoM kA pAra pAnA cAhate the|5 ukta vizleSaNa se yaha phalita hotA hai ki sarva-duHkha-mukti dharma karane kA pramukha uddezya rahA hai|6 . paralokavAdI dRSTikoNa dharma kI dhAraNA kA mukhya hetu rahA hai-paralokavAdI dRssttikonn| paralokavAda AtmA kI amaratA kA siddhAnta hai| anAtmavAdI AtmA ko amara nahIM mAnate / ataH unakI dhAraNA meM ihaloka aura paraloka--yaha vibhAga vAstavika nahIM hai| unake abhimata meM vartamAna jIvana atIta aura anAgata kI zrRGkhalA se mukta hai| AtmavAdI dhAraNA isase bhinna hai| usake anusAra AtmA zAzvata hai| mRtyu ke pazcAt usakA astitva samApta 1-uttarAdhyayana, 23 // 80-84 / 2-vahI, 19646,14,74 / 3-vahI, 8 / 1 / 4-vahI, 32 / 2 / 5-vahI, 14 / 51-52 / 6-vahI, 32 / 110-111 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 8 1 -dharma kI dhAraNA ke hetu 207 nahIM hotA, kevala usakA rUpAntaraNa hotA hai| vartamAna jIvana atIta aura anAgata zRGkhalA kI eka kar3I mAtra hai| ata: ihaloka jitanA satya hai, utanA hI satya hai prlok| ___ bhAvI jIvana vartamAna jIvana kA pratibimba hotA hai| isa dhAraNA se prerita ho yaha kahA gayA "jo manuSya lambA mArga letA hai aura sAtha meM sambala nahIM letA, vaha bhUkha aura pyAsa se pIr3ita hokara calatA huA duHkhI hotA hai| "isI prakAra jo manuSya dharma kie binA para-bhava meM jAtA hai, vaha vyAdhi aura roga se pIr3ita hokara jIvana-yApana karatA huA duHkhI hotA hai / ___ "jo manuSya lambA mArga letA hai, kintu sambala ke sAtha / vaha bhUkha-pyAsa se rahita hokara calatA huA sukhI hotA hai| "isI prakAra jo manuSya dharma kI ArAdhanA kara para-bhava meM jAtA hai, vaha alpa-karma vAlA aura vedanA-rahita hokara jIvana-yApana karatA huA sukhI hotA hai| AcArya gaddabhAli ne rAjA saMjaya se kahA thA- "rAjan ! tU jahA~ moha kara rahA hai, vaha jIvana aura saundarya bijalI kI camaka ke samAna caJcala hai| tU paraloka ke hita ko kyoM nahIM samajha rahA hai ?"2 - dharma kevala paraloka ke lie hI nahIM, ihaloka ke lie bhI hai| kintu ihaloka kI pavitratA se paraloka pavitra banatA hai, ata: pariNAma kI dRSTi se kahA jAtA hai ki dharma se paraloka sudharatA hai| ihaloka aura paraloka ke kalyANa meM paraspara vyApti hai / paraloka kA kalyAga ihaloka kA kalyANa hone para hI nirbhara hai| sacAI to yaha hai ki dharma se AtmA zuddha hotI hai, usase ihaloka aura paraloka sudharate haiM, yaha vyavahAra kI bhASA hai| kucha dhArmika loga aihika aura pAralaukika siddhiyoM ke lie dharma kA vidhAna karate the, usakA bhagavAn mahAvIra ne virodha kiyA aura yaha sthApanA kI ki dharma kevala Atmazuddhi ke lie kiyA jaae| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 19 / 18.21 / 2-vahI, 18 / 13 / 3-dazavakAlika, 9 / 4 sUtra 6 / ..

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208 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana maharSi kaNAda ke abhimata meM dharma se abhyudaya aura niHzreyas donoM sadhate haiN|' jaina AcArya bhI isa mAnyatA kA samaya-samaya para samarthana karate rahe haiM prAjyaM rAjyaM subhagadayitA nandanA nandanAnAM / ramyaM rUpaM sarasakavitAcAturI susvaratvam // nIrogatvaM guNaparicayaH sajanatvaM subuddhiH / kinnu namaH phalapariNati dharmakalpadrumasya // kintu vAstavika dRSTi se dharma abhyudaya kA pratyakSa hetu nahIM hai| vaha pratyakSa hetu niHzreyas kA hI hai| abhyudaya usakA prAsaMgika pariNAma hai| dharma aihika yA pAralaukika abhyudaya ke lie nahIM hai| usakA mukhya pariNAma haiAtmA kI pavitratA / pavitratA kI dRSTi se dharma aihika bhI hai aura pAralaukika bhii| pUrva-carcita viSaya ko niSkarSa kI bhASA meM isa prakAra prastuta kara sakate haiM ki paudgalika abhyudaya kI dRSTi se dharma ihalaukika bhI nahIM hai aura pAralaukika bhI nahIM hai| Atmodaya kI dRSTi se vaha ihalaukika bhI hai aura pAralaukika bhii| dharma ke pariNAma kI carcA ke prasaMga meM paraloka zabda bhaviSya ke artha meM rUr3ha ho gayA hai| dharma se vartamAna zuddha hotA hai aura vaha zuddhi bhaviSya ko prabhAvita karatI hai| adharma se vartamAna azuddha banatA hai aura vaha azuddhi bhaviSya ko prabhAvita karatI hai| jaba ariSTanemi ko patA calA ki mere lie nirIha pazuoM kA vadha kiyA jA rahA hai, taba unhoMne kahA-"yaha kArya mere paraloka meM kalyANa-kara nahIM hogaa|"5 isa prakaraNa meM paraloka zabda bhaviSya ke artha meM rUr3ha hai| 1-vaizeSika darzana, adhyAya 1, Ahnika 1, sUtra 2 : yato'bhyudaya niHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharmaH / 2-zAntasudhArasa, 10 / 7 / 3-puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 220-221 : ratnatrayamiha hetunirvANasyaiva bhavati nAnyasya / Asravati yattu puNyaM, zubhopayogo'yamaparAdhaH // ekasmin samavAyAd, atyantaviruddhakAryayorapi hi / iha dahati ghRtamiti yathA vyavahArastAdRzo'pi rUDhimitaH // 4-uttarAdhyayana, 8 / 2017 / 21 / 5-vahI, 22 / 19 : jai majjha kAraNA ee, hammihiMti bahU jiyaa| na me eyaM tu nissesaM, paraloge bhavissaI //

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 8 1-dharma kI dhAraNA ke hetu 206 __ mRtyu ke bAda hone vAlA jIvana ajJAta hotA hai| usake prati sahaja hI vizeSa AkarSaNa rahatA hai / yadyapi dharma se ai haka jIvana vizuddha banatA hai, phira bhI usake pAra. laukika phala kA nirUpaNa karane kI sAmAnya paddhati raho hai| manovaijJAnika dRSTi se vizeSa AkarSaNa bhI rahA hai| isI AkarSaNa kI bhASA meM mRgAputra ne kahA thA-"jo manuSya dharma kI ArAdhanA kara parabhava meM jAtA hai, vaha sukhI hotA hai|" __kucha vidvAn dharma ko samAja-dhAraNA kI saMsthA ke rUpa meM svIkAra karate haiN| unakA abhimata hai ki paralokavAdI dRSTikoNa dharma kI zraddhA-pradhAna mImAMsA hai| usakI buddhivAdI mImAMsA karane para yahI phalita hotA hai ki vaha samAja-dhAraNa ke lie sthApita kiyA gayA thaa| mahAbhArata meM bhI eka aisA ullekha milatA hai--"dharma kA vidhAna lokayAtrA paricAlana ke lie kiyA gyaa|"3 yaha trivargavAdI cintanadhArA hai / caturvargavAdI isase sahamata nahIM haiN| kAma, artha aura dharma ko mAnane vAloM ke sAmane mokSa prayojya nahIM hotaa| ata: usakI upalabdhi ke lie dharma ko prayojana ke rUpa meM mAnanA unake lie apekSita nahIM hotA / catura-vargavAdI antima prayojya mokSa mAnate haiN| ataH ve dharma ko samAja-dhAraNA kA hetu na mAna kara mokSa kI upalabdhi kA hetu mAnate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra isI dhArA ke samarthaka the / 4 trivarga aura caturvarga . trivarga athavA puruSArtha kA spaSTa nirdeza vaidika vAGmaya meM nahIM pAyA jaataa| sabase prAcIna ullekha Apastamba-dharma-sUtroM meM milatA hai| pahale mokSa nAma ke caturtha puruSArtha kI svataMtra gaNanA nahIM kI jAtI thii| trivarga ko paribhASA hI pahale rUr3ha huii|5 vastuta: trivarga kI mAnyatA vaidika nahIM hai| vaha laukika hai / sthAnAMga meM ihalaukika vyavasAya ke tIna prakAra batalAe gae haiM-(1) laukika, (2) vaidika aura (3) sAmayika / 6. 1-uttarAdhyayana, 19 / 21 / 2-hindU dharma samIkSA, pR0 44 : 3-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 259 / 4 / lokayAtrArthameveha dharmasya niyamaH kRtaH / 4-uttarAdhyayana, 3.12 / 5-vaidika saMskRti kA vikAsa, pR0 102 / 6-sthAnAMga, 3333185 / 27 . .

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana laukika vyavasAya ke tIna prakAra haiM (1) artha, (2) dharma aura (3) kaam| vaidika vyavasAya ke tIna prakAra haiM (1) Rgaveda, (2) yajurveda aura (2) sAmaveda / sAmayika vyavasAya ke tIna prakAra haiM (1) jJAna, (2) darzana aura (3) caaritr| trivarga ke lie yahA~ trividha vyavasAya kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| dharma ko laukika vyavasAya mAnA gayA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki trivarga ke sAtha jo dharma hai, vaha mokSa-dharma nahIM kintu paramparAgata AcAra-dharma yA sAmAjika vidhi-vidhAna hai| isa Azaya kA samarthana mahAbhArata ke eka padyAMza se bhI hotA hai-"lokayAtrArthameveha, dharmasya niyamaH kRtH|" (mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 259 / 4) ___ kucha vidvAn mahAbhArata ke ukta padyAMza ke AdhAra para yaha sthApita karane kA prayala karate haiM ki dharma samAja dhAraNA kA tatva hai| kintu yaha sahI nahIM hai| ukta padyAMza kA hRdaya syAnAMga ke laukika vyavasAya ke saMdarbha meM hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| mahAbhArata meM dharma ko lokayAtrArtha kahA gayA hai aura sthAnAMga meM laukika / yaha dharma samAja-dhAraNA ke lie hai--yaha mAnane meM kisI ko bhI koI Apatti nahIM ho sktii| vicAra-bheda vahIM hai, jahA~ mokSa-dharma ko samAja-dhAraNA kA tattva kahA jAtA hai tathA usI uddezya se mokSa dharma kI utpatti batalAI jAtI hai| lagatA to yaha hai ki trivarga meM jo dharma hai, vaha caturvidha puruSArtha kI mAnyatA ke pazcAt mokSa-dharma ke artha meM samajhA jAne lagA hai| dharma se artha aura kAma prApta hote haiM-yahA~ dharma kA artha paramparAgata AcAra, vyavasthA va vidhi-vidhAna hI honA caahie| nirvANavAda ke utkarSakAla meM jaba trivarga ke sAtha mokSa jur3A, caturvidha puruSArtha kI sthApanA huI, taba dharma kA artha vyApaka ho gyaa| vaha sAmAjika vidhi-vidhAna va mokSa-dharma---ye donoM artha dene lgaa| manusmRti meM trivarga ke viSaya meM aneka dhAraNAe~ batalAI gaI haiN| kucha AcArya mAnate

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khaDaM 1, prakaraNa : 8 1 -dharma kI dhAraNA ke hetu 211 the ki dharma aura artha zreya hai| kucha mAnate the ki kAma aura artha zreya hai| eka mata thA dharma hI zreya hai| kucha artha ko hI zreya mAnate the| manu ne trivarga ko zreya maanaa|' yaha abhimata samAja zAstra kI dRSTi se paripUrNa hai| kauTilya ne artha ko pradhAna mAnA / dharma aura kAma kA mUla unakI dRSTi meM artha hI thaa| isase bhI dharma kA artha laukika AcAra hI pratIta hotA hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra santAnArthI vyaktiyoM kA pravRtti-dharma mumukSa logoM ke lie nahIM hai| isakA phalita spaSTa hai-santAnotsatti kA dharma mokSa-dharma nahIM hai / artha se dharma aura kAma siddha hote hai aura dharma dhana se pravRtta hotA hai-yaha mAnyatA bhI dharma ke usa artha para AdhArita hai, jisakA sambandha mokSa se nahIM hai| ___ jaina-darzana prArambha se hI nirvANavAdI rahA hai / ata: AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI dRSTi se vahA~ dharma aura mokSa-ye do hI puruSArtha mAnya rahe haiN| gRhastha sAmAjika maryAdA se mukta nahIM ho sakate, ata: unake lie sAmAjika mUlyoM kI dRSTi se artha aura kAma-ye donoM puruSArtha mAnya rahe haiN| kintu unakI vyavasthA tAtkAlika samAja-zAstroM dvArA kI gii| jaina AcAryoM ne laukika mAnyatA prApta trivarga ko laukika-zAstra kA hI viSaya btlaayaa| unhoMne usakI vyavasthA nahIM dii| unhoMne kevala AdhyAtmika mUlyoM kI carcA kI aura eka mokSa-darzana ke lie yahI adhikRta bAta ho sakatI hai / eka samAja-zAstrI ke lie mokSa kI carcA prAsaMgika ho sakatI hai, adhikRta nhiiN| isI prakAra eka mokSa zAstrI ke lie sAmAjika tatva-artha aura kAma kI carcA prAsaMgika ho sakatI hai, adhikRta nhoN| 1-manusmRti, 21224 : dharmAtha vucyate. zreyaH, kAmArthoM dharma eva ca / artha eveha vA zreyaH trivarga iti tu sthitiH // 2-koTilya arthazAstra, 1173 : artha eva pradhAnaH iti koTalyaH arthamUlau hi dharmakAmAviti / 3-mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva 115 / 47 : pravRttilakSaNo dharmaH, prjaannibhirudaahRtH| yathoktaM rAjazArdUla ! na tu tanmokSakAkSiNAm // 4-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 8 / 17 : arthAddharmazca kAmazca, svargazcaiva narAdhipa / prANayAtrApi lokasya, binA hyartha na siddhyati // mahAbhArata, zAntiparva 8 / 12 : paM vimaM dhamamityAhurdhanAdeSa pravartate /

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. 212 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __ artha aura kAma-ye donoM samAja-dhAraNA ke mUla aMga haiN| ataH unako AdhyAtmika zRGkhalA kI kar3I ke rUpa meM mAnyatA nahIM dI gii| ve samAja ke lie upayogI nahIM haiM, aisA nahIM mAnA gyaa| unhIM vyaktiyoM ne unheM heya batalAyA, jo adhyAtma kI bhUmikA para ArUr3ha hue| samagra uttarAdhyayana yA samagra adhyAtma-zAstra meM kAma aura artha kI bhartsanA isI dRSTi se kI gaI / bhagavAn ne kahA___ "jo kAma se nivRtta nahIM hotA, usakA AtmArtha naSTa ho jAtA hai| jo kAma se nivRtta hotA hai, usakA AtmArtha sadha jAtA hai|'' . "jaise kimAka-phala khAne para usakA pariNAma sundara nahIM hotA, usI prakAra muktabhogoM kA pariNAma sundara nahIM hotaa|"2 bhRguputroM ne apane mAtA-pitA se kahA-"yaha sahI hai ki kAma-bhoga kSaNika aura alpa sukha dete haiM, kintu pariNAma kAla meM ve cirakAla taka bahuta duHkha dete haiM aura saMsAra mukti ke virodhI haiN| isolie hama unheM anarthoM ko khAna mAna kara chor3a rahe haiN|"3 ____kAma aura dharma kA yaha virodha AdhyAtmika jagat meM hI mAnya ho sakatA hai / indra ne nami rAjarSi se kahA___ "he pArthiva ! Azcarya hai ki tuma isa adhudaya-kAla meM sahaja prApta bhogoM ko tyAga rahe ho aura amApta kAma-bhogoM kI icchA kara rahe hoM-isa prakAra tuma apane saMkalpa se hI pratAr3ita ho rahe ho|"4 yaha artha suna kara hetu aura kAraNa se prerita hue nami rAjarSi ne devendra se isa prakAra kahA "kAma-bhoga zalya haiM, viSa haiM aura AzIviSa sarpa ke tulya haiM / kAma-bhoga kI icchA karane vAle unakA sevana na karate hue bhI durgati ko prApta hote haiM / "5 isa saMvAda se yaha spaSTa hai ki dharma kAma kI upalabdhi ke lie nahIM, kintu usakA artha hai kAma-vAsanAoM kA tyaag| __ kAma kI bhA~ti artha bhI dharma se sambandhita nahIM hai| bhagavAn ne kahA-"dhana se koI vyakti ihaloka yA paraloka meM trANa nahIM pA sktaa|" bhRgu purohita ne apane putroM se 1-uttarAdhyayana, 7 / 25,26 / 2-vahI, 19 / 17 / 3-vahI, 14 / 13 / 4-vahI, 951 / 5-vahI, 9153 / 6-vahI, 4 / 5 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 8 1 -dharma kI dhAraNA ke hetu 213 kahA-"jisake lie loga tapa kiyA karate haiM vaha saba kucha-pracura dhana, striyA~, svajana aura indriyoM ke viSaya-tumheM yahIM prApta haiM, phira kisalie tuma zramaNa honA cAhate ho ?" putra bole-.-"pitA ! jahA~ dharma kI dhurA ko vahana karane kA adhikAra hai, vahA~ dhana, svajana aura indriya-viSaya kA kyA prayojana hai ? kucha bhI nhiiN| hama guNa-samUha sampanna zramaNa hoMge, pratibandha-mukta hokara gA~voM aura nagaroM meM vihAra karane vAle aura bhikSA lekara jIvana calAne vAle hoNge|'' isa saMdarbha se yaha bhI phalita hotA hai ki artha ke lie dharma nahIM karanA caahie| vastuta: vaha kAma aura artha kI prApti ke lie nahIM hai aura unase saMzliSTa bhI nahIM hai| jahA~ kAma aura artha se dharma kA saMzleSa kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ vaha ghAtaka bana jAtA hai| anAthI muni ne samrAT zreNika se yahI kahA thA-"piyA huA kAla-kUTa viSa, avidhi se pakar3A huA zastra aura niyaMtraNa meM nahIM lAyA huA vetAla jaise vinAzakArI hotA hai, vaise hI yaha viSayoM se yukta dharma bhI vinAzakArI hotA hai|"2 ___yadi dharma (mokSa-dharma) samAja-dhAraNA ke lie hotA to usakA dRSTikoNa sAmAjika jIvana ke mahatvapUrNa aMga-kAma aura artha ke prati itanA virodhI nahIM hotaa| aura vaha hai, isase yaha svayaM pramANita hotA hai ki mokSa-dharma samAja-dhAraNA ke lie nahIM hai| pariNAmavAdI dRpTikoNa dharma kI dhAraNA kA tIsarA hetu rahA hai-'pariNAmabAdI dRSTikoNa' / pratyeka pravRtti kA nizcita pariNAma hotA hai aura pratyeka kriyA kI nizcita pratikriyA hotI hai| kRta kA pariNAma vartamAna jIvana meM bhI bhugatanA hotA hai aura agale jIvana meM bhii| kyoMki prANI kama-satya hote haiM-kRta kA pariNAma avazya bhugatate haiN| usase bacane kA eka mAtra upAya dharma hai| vyaktigadI dRSTikoNa ___ dharma kI dhAraNA kA cauthA hetu rahA hai-'vyaktivAdI dRSTikoNa' / pratyeka vyakti sAmAjika jIvana jItA hai| phira bhI usakI AtmA kabhI sAmAjika nahIM bntii| * isI Azaya se citra ne brahmadatta se kahA thA 1-uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 16,17 / 2-vahI, 2044 / 3-(ka) uttarAdhyayana, 7120 : ___ kammasaccA hu paanninno| (kha) vahI, 413, 13 / 10 / 4-dazavakAlika, cUlikA 1, sUtra 18: kaDANaM kammANaM. veyaittA mokkho, nasthi aveyaittA, tavasA vA jhositaa|

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214 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - "usI ke kAraNa tU mahAn anubhAga (acintya-zakti) sampanna, mahAn RddhimAn aura puNyaphalayukta rAjA banA hai| isIlie tU azAzvata bhAgoM ko chor3a kara cAritra kI ArAdhanA ke lie abhiniSkramaNa kara / "rAjan ! jo isa azAzvata jIvana meM pracura zubha anuSThAna nahIM karatA, vaha mRtyu ke muMha meM jAne para pazcAttApa karatA hai aura dharma kI ArAdhanA na hone ke kAraNa paraloka meM bhI pazcAttApa karatA hai| ___"jisa prakAra siMha hariNa ko pakar3a kara le jAtA hai, usI prakAra anta kAla meM mRtyu manuSya ko le jAtI hai| kAla Ane para usake mAtA-pitA yA bhAI aMzadhara nahIM hote- apane jIvana kA bhAga dekara bacA nahIM paate| . "jAti, mitra varga, putra aura bAndhava usakA du:kha nahIM baMTA sakate, vaha svayaM akelA duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai / kyoMki karma kattI ke pIche calatA hai| . "yaha parAdhIna AtmA dvipada, catuSpada, kheta, ghara, dhana, dhAnya, vastra Adi saba kucha chor3a kara kevala apane kie karmo ko sAtha lekara parabhava meM jAtA hai| ___ "usa akele aura asAra zarIra ko agni se citA meM jalA kara strI, putra aura jJAti kisI dUsare dAtA (jIvikA dene vAle) ke pIche cale jAte haiN|" kRta-karmoM kA pariNAma bhI vyakti akelA bhugatatA hai| isI kI puSTi meM kahA gayA___ "saMsArI prANI apane bandhu-janoM ke lie jo sAdhAraNa karma (isakA phala mujhe bhI mile aura unako bhI-aisA karma) karatA hai, usa karma ke phala-bhoga ke samaya ve bandhujana bandhutA nahIM dikhAte-usakA bhAga nahIM bNttaate|"2 jo satya kI. eSaNA karatA hai, use yaha spaSTa jJAta ho jAtA hai-"jaba maiM apane dvArA kie gae karmo se chedA jAtA hU~ taba mAtA-pitA, putra, bandhu, bhAI, patnI aura putra-ye sabhI merI rakSA karane meM samartha nahIM hote|"3 ___ samAja vyakti ke lie trANa hotA hai kintu vaha vyakti se abhinna nahIM hotA isalie vaha use anta taka trANa nahIM de sktaa| dharma vyakti se abhinna hotA hai, isalie vaha usakI antima trANa-zakti hai| isI saMdarbha meM kamalAvatI ne mahArAja iSukAra se kahA thA 1-uttarAdhyayana, 13 / 20-25 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 4 / 4 / 3-vahI, 6 / 3 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 1-dharma kI dhAraNA ke hetu 215 ___ "yadi samUcA jagat tumheM mila jAe athavA samUcA dhana tumhArA ho jAe to vaha bhI tumhArI icchA-pUrti ke lie paryApta nahIM hogA aura vaha tumheM trANa bhI nahIM de skegaa| "rAjan ! ina manorama kAma-bhogo ko chor3a kara jaba kabhI maranA hogaa| he naradeva ! eka dharma ho trANa hai| usake sivAya dUsarI koI vastu trANa nahIM de sakatI / / 1 / / anAthI ko kisI bhI sAmAjika sAdhana se trANa nahIM milA, taba unhoMne saMkalpa kiyA "isa vipula vedanA se yadi maiM eka bAra hI mukta ho jAU~ to kSamAvAna, dAnta aura Arambha kA tyAga kara anagAra-vRtti ko svIkAra kara luuN|"2 isa saMkalpa meM ve apane se abhinna ho ge| unakI vedanA rAta-rAta meM samApta ho gii| ekatva aura atrANAtmaka dRSTikoNa ___dharmya-dhyAna kI cAra anuprekSAe~-ekatva, anitya, azaraNa aura saMsAra-ke cintana se vyakti kA dharma kI ora jhukAva hotA hai / ekatva aura atrANAtmaka (yA azaraNAtmaka) dRSTikoNa kA nirUpaNa isI zIrSaka meM A cukA hai| unheM pRthaka kiyA jAe to ve dharma kI dhAraNA ke do svataMtra hetu-pA~cavA~ aura chaThA-bana jAte haiN| aniyavAdI dRSTikoNa dharma kI dhAraNA kA sAtavA~ hetu rahA hai-'anityavAdI dRSTikoNa' / jinheM yaha anubhava huA ki jovana nazvara hai, unhoMne anazvara kI prApti ke lie dharma kA sahArA liyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne isI bhAvanA ke kSaNoM meM gautama se kahA thA- "rAtriyA~ bItane para vRkSa kA pakA huA pAna jisa prakAra gira jAtA hai, usI prakAra manuSya kA jIvana eka dina samApta ho jAtA hai, isalie he gautama ! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kr| "kuza kI noMka para laTakate hue osa-bindu kI avadhi jaise thor3I hotI hai, vaise hI manuSya-jIvana kI gati hai, isalie he gautama ! tU kSaNa bhara bhI prasAda mata kara / ____ "terA zarIra jIrNa ho rahA hai, keza sapheda ho rahe haiM aura saba prakAra kA bala kSINa ho rahA hai, isalie he gautama ! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kara / "pittaroga, phor3A, phusI, haijA aura vividha prakAra ke zIghra-ghAtI roga zarIra kA 1-vahI, 14 / 39,40 / 2-vahI, 20132 / 3-uttarAdhyayana, 20133 /

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216 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sparza karate haiM, jinase yaha zarIra zakti-hIna aura vinaSTa hotA hai, isalie he gautama ! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kr|"1 ___ gaddabhAli muni ne rAjA saMjaya se kahA- "jabaki tU parAdhIna hai, isalie saba kucha chor3a kara tujhe cale jAnA hai, taba anitya jIva-loka meM tU kyoM rAjya meM Asakta ho rahA hai?"2 __mRgAputra ne apane mAtA-pitA se kahA -"yaha zarIra anitya hai, azuci se utpanna hai, AtmA kA yaha azAzvata AvAsa hai tathA duHkha aura klezoM kA bhAjana hai| "isa azAzvata zarIra meM mujhe Ananda nahIM mila rahA hai| ise pahale yA pIche jaba kabhI chor3anA hai| yaha pAnI ke bulabule ke samAna nazvara hai| ___ "manuSya jIvana asAra hai, vyAdhi aura rogoM kA ghara hai, jarA aura maraNa se grasta hai, isameM mujhe eka kSaNa bhI Ananda nahIM mila rahA hai|" 3. ___ isa prakAra anityavAdI dRSTikoNa dharma kI ArAdhanA ke lie mahAn preraNA-srota __yaha kalpanA bhI yukti se pare nahIM hai ki bhagavAn buddha ne anityatA kA upadeza janatA ko dharmAbhimukha karane ke lie diyA thaa| Age cala kara darzana-kAla meM vahI 'kSaNabhaMgura vAda' nAmaka dArzanika siddhAnta ke rUpa meM pariNata ho gyaa| anityavAdI dRSTikoNa AtmavAdiyoM ke lie dharma preraka rahA to paraloka meM vizvAsa nahIM karane vAle anAtmavAdI isase bhoga kI preraNA pAte rahe haiN| saMsAra bhAvanA ___ dharma kI dhAraNA kA AThavA~ hetu rahA hai-'saMsAra bhAvanA' / bhRgu-putroM ne apane pitA se kahA-"yaha loka pIr3ita ho rahA hai, cAroM ora se ghirA huA hai, amoghA A rahI hai / isa sthiti meM hameM mukha nahIM mila rahA hai|" ___"putro ! yaha loka kisase pIr3ita hai ? kisase ghirA huA hai ? amoghA kise kahA jAtA hai ? maiM jAnane ke lie cintita huuN|" kumAra bole- "pitA ! Apa jAne ki yaha loka mRtyu se pIr3ita hai, jarA se ghirA huA hai aura rAtri ko amoghA kahA jAtA hai|"5 1-uttarAdhyayana, 10 / 1,2,26,27 / 2-vahI, 18 / 12 / 3-vahI, 1912-14 / 4-vahAM, 55,6 / 5-uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 21-23 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 8 . 2-dharma-zraddhA 217 mRgAputra ne bhI saMsAra ko isI dRSTi se dekhA thA-"jaise ghara meM Aga laga jAne para upa ghara kA jo svAmI hotA hai, vaha mUlyavAn vastuoM ko usase nikAlatA hai aura mUnya-hIna vastuoM ko vahIM chor3a detA hai, usI prakAra yaha loka jarA aura mRtyu se prajvalita ho rahA hai| maiM ApakI AjJA pAkara usameM se apane Apako nikAla luuNgaa|"1 yaha saMsAra-cakra avirala gati se ananta kAla taka calatA rahatA hai / AtmavAdI isa parimramaNa ko apanI svataMtratA ke pratikUla mAnatA hai| usakA anta pAne ke lie vaha dharma kI zaraNa meM AtA hai / kumArazramaNa kezo ne isI Azaya se prazna kiyA thA___"mune ! mahAn jala-pravAha ke vega se bahate hue jIvoM ke lie tuma zaraNa, gati, pratiSThA aura dvIpa kise mAnate ho ?" gautama bole-"jala ke madhya meM eka lambA-caur3A mahAdvIpa hai / vahA~ mahAn jala-pravAha kI gati nahIM hai|" "dvIpa kise kahA gayA hai"-kezI ne gautama se khaa| gautama vole-"jarA aura mRtyu ke vega se bahate hue prANiyoM ke lie dharma hI dvIpa, pratiSThA, gati aura uttama zaraNa hai|" 2-dharma-zraddhA dharma kI dhAraNA ke ATha hetuoM kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai| unake anuprekSaNa se dharma ke prati zraddhA hotI hai| jise dharma ke prati zraddhA hotI hai, vaha paudgalika sukhoM se virakta ho jAtA hai| virakti ko do bhUmikAeM haiM-(1) agAra-dharma aura (2) anagAradharma / prArambha meM sabhI loga gRhastha hote haiM / anagAra janmanA nahIM hotaa| dharma kI zraddhA aura vairAgya kA utkarSa hone para gRhastha hI gRhavAsa ko chor3a kara anagAra banatA hai| __bhoga aura virAga--ye jIvana ke do chora haiN| jinameM rAga hotA hai, ve bhoga cAhate haiN| jinakA mana virakta ho jAtA hai, ve bhoga kA tyAga kara dete haiN| ye donoM bhAvanAe~ hara yuga-mAnasa ko vyApta karatI rahI haiN| brahmadatta ne citra se kahA thA- "he bhikSu ! tU nATya, gIta aura vAdyoM ke sAtha nArI-janoM ko parivRtta karatA huA ina bhogoM ko bhog| yaha mujhe rucatA hai / pravrajyA vAstava meM hI kaSTakara hai|" 1-uttarAdhyayana, 19 / 22,23 / 2-vahI, 1015-15 / 3-vahI, 23 / 65-68 / 4-vahI, 29 / 3 / 28 ..

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218 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dharma meM sthita aura usa (rAjA) kA hita cAhane vAle citra muni ne pUrvabhava ke snehavaza apane prati anurAga rakhane vAle kAma-guNoM meM Asakta rAjA se yaha vAkya kahA-"saba gIta vilApa haiN| saba nRtya viDambanA haiN| saba AbharaNa bhAra haiM aura saba kAma-bhoga duHkhakara haiN|" mRgAputra ko bhI mAtA-pitA ne yahI samajhAne kA yatna kiyA thA-"putra ! tU manuSya sambandho pA~ca indriyoM ke bhogoM kA bhoga kr| phira bhukta-bhogI hokara muni-dharma kA AcaraNa kr|"2 samrATa zreNika ne anAthI muni ko dekha kara vismaya ke sAtha kahA-"Arya ! taruNa ho, isa bhoga-kAla meM hI pravajita ho gae / calo, maiM tumhArA nAtha banatA huuN| tuma bhoga bhogo, yaha manuSya-jIvana kitanA durlabha hai|" 3 ukta prasaMgoM se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki anurakta-mAnasa ne virakta ko sadA bhoga-lipta karane kA prayala kiyA hai aura virakta-mAnasa ne sadA bhoga se alipta rahane kA prayatna kiyA hai| " yaha bhoga kI alipti hI anagAra banane kA mukhya kAraNa rahI hai| 3-bAhya-saMgoM kA tyAga kyoM ? anagAra-jIvana meM bhogAsakti aura usake nimittoM kA bhI varjana kiyA jAtA hai| kucha loga aise jIvana ko bahuta Avazyaka nahIM mAnate the, kintu zramaNa-paramparA meM ise bahuta mahattva diyA gyaa| jayaghoSa ne vijayaghoSa se kahA- "mujhe bhikSA se koI prayojana nahIM / tU niSkramaNa kara, jisase isa saMsAra-sAgara meM par3a rahe AvartoM se baca jaae|"5 kucha loga socate haiM ki dharma kI ArAdhanA ke lie AgAra aura anagAra kI bhedarekhA khIMcanA Avazyaka nhiiN| jo aisA socate haiM unakA mAnanA hai ki vikAra se bacane kI AvazyakatA hai, viSayoM-nimittoM se bacane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| eka sImA taka yaha sahI bhI hai| bhagavAn ne kahA-"kAma-bhoga na samatA utpanna karate haiM aura na vikaar| indriya aura mana ke viSaya-sparza, rasa, gandha, rUpa, zabda aura saMkalpa rAgI 1-uttarAdhyayana, 13314-16 / 2-vahI, 19643 / 3-vahI, 2018-11 / 4-vahI, 19 / 9 / 5-vahI, 2 // 38 //

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 8 3--bAhya-saMgoM kA tyAga kyoM ? 219 vyakti ke lie hI du:kha ke hetu banate haiM, vItarAga ke lie ve kiMcit bhI duHkha ke hetu nahIM hote|" viSaya acetana haiM / ve apane Apa meM manojJa-amanojJa kucha bhI nahIM haiM / unameM jisakA priya-bhAva hotA hai, usake lie ve manojJa aura jisakA unameM apriya bhAva hotA hai, usake lie ve amanojJa hote haiN| kintu jo unake prati virakta hotA hai, usake lie ve manojJa, aMmanojJa kucha bhI nahIM hote / 2 isa prasaMga kA phalita yaha hai ki bAhya-viSaya hamAre lie na doSa-pUrNa haiM aura na nirdoSa / cetanA kI zuddhi ho to ve usake lie nirdoSa haiM aura cetanA azuddha ho to ve bho usake lie sadoSa bana jAte haiN| doSa kA mUla cetanA kI pariNati hai, bAhyaviSaya nhiiN| ukta abhimata yathArtha hai| usake AdhAra para hameM cetanA ko alipta rakhane kI AvazyakatA hai, bAhya-viSayoM se bacane kI koI mukhya bAta nhiiN| kintu hameM yaha bhI nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki cetanA antarjAgaraNa kI paripakva dazA meM hI alipta raha sakatI hai| __nimitta upAdAna hone para hI kArya kara sakatA hai, anyathA nhiiN| vikAra kA upAdAna hai-rAga / vaha avyakta rahatA hai, kintu nimitta milane para vyakta ho jAtA hai| isalie jaba taka rAga kSINa nahIM hotA, taba taka nimittoM-bAhya-viSayoM se bacAva karanA Avazyaka hotA hai| bacAva kI mAtrA saba vyaktiyoM ke lie samAna bhale na ho, para usakA apavAda hara koI vyakti nahIM ho sktaa| isIlie ye maryAdAeM sthApita kI gaI: "mita AhAra kro|" - "rasoM kA pracura mAtrA meM sevana mata kro|" ' "rasoM kA prakAma (adhika mAtrA meM) sevana nahIM karanA cAhie / ve prAyaH manuSya kI dhAtuoM ko uddIpta karate haiM / jisakI dhAtue~ uddIpta hotI haiM, use kAma-bhoga satAte haiM, jase svAdiSTa phala vAle vRkSa ko pkssii| "jaise pavana ke jhoMkoM ke sAtha pracura iMdhana vAle vana meM lagA huA dAvAnala upazAnta 1-uttarAdhyayana, 32 / 100,101 / 2-vahI, 321106 / 3-mUlArAdhanA, 1997, amitagati : antarvizuddhito jantoH, zuddhiH saMpadyate bahiH / bAhya hi kurute doSaM, sarvamantaradoSataH // 4-uttarAdhyayana 32 / 4 /

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220 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - nahIM hotA, usI prakAra prakAma-bhojI ( ThUsa-ThUsa kara khAne vAle ) kI indriyAgni (kAmAgni) zAnta nahIM hotii| isalie prakAma bhojana kisI bhI brahmacArI ke lie hitakara nahIM hotaa|"1 "ekAnta meM rho|"2 "strI saMsarga se bco|" "jaise billI kI bastI ke pAsa cUhoM kA rahanA acchA nahIM hotA, usI prakAra striyoM kI bastI ke pAsa brahmacArI kA rahanA acchA nahIM hotaa| .. "tapasvI zramaNa striyoM ke rUpa, lAvaNya, vilAsa, hAsya, madhura AlApa, aura citavana ko citta meM ramAkara unheM dekhane kA saMkalpa na kre| ___ "jo sadA brahmacarya meM rata haiM unake lie striyoM kA na dekhanA, na cAhanA aura na cintana karanA aura na varNana karanA hitakara hai, aura vaha dharma-dhyAna ke lie upayukta hai| ___"yaha ThIka hai ki tIna guptiyoM se gupta muniyoM ko vibhUSita deviyA~ bhI vicalita nahIM kara sakatoM, phira bhI bhagavAn ne ekAnta hita kI dRSTi se unake lie viviktavAsa ko prazasta kahA hai| "mokSa cAhane vAlA saMsAra-bhIru evaM dharma meM sthita manuSya ke lie loka meM aura koI aisA dustara nahIM hai, jaisI dustara ajJAniyoM ke mana ko harane vAlI striyA~ haiN| ___"jo manuSya ina strI-viSayaka AsaktiyoM kA pAra pA jAtA hai, usake lie zeSa sArI AsaktiyA~ vaise hI sutara (sukha se pAra karane yogya) ho jAtI haiM, jaise mahAsAgara kA pAra pA jAne vAle ke lie gaMgA jaisI bar3I ndii|"3" "brahmacarya ke dasa niyamoM kA pAlana kro|" 4 isa prakAra aura bhI aneka niyama haiM jo nimitoM se bacane ke lie banAe gae the| samagra dRSTi se dekhA jAe to anagAra dIkSA aura kyA hai ? vaha nimittoM se bacane kI prakriyA hI to hai| ___ isa prakAra agAra aura anagAra jIvana kA zreNI vibhAga bahuta hI manovaijJAnika hai / agAra-jIvana meM sAdhanA ke vighnabhUna nimittoM se bacane meM jo kaThinAI hotI hai, usakA pAra pA jAnA hI anagAra-jIvana hai| pahalI bhUmikA meM bAhya viSayoM kA tyAga usakI surakSA ke lie kiyA jAtA hai ora agrima bhUmikAoM meM vaha sahaja svabhAva ho jAtA hai / kRta tyAga meM skhalanAeM ho sakatI haiM kintu sahaja svabhAva meM koI skhalanA nahIM hotii| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 32 // 10,11 / 2-vahI, 32 / 4 / 3-vahI, 32 / 13-18 / 4-16vA~ adhyayana /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 8 3-zrAmaNya aura kAya-kleza 221 hama isa bAtako sadA yAda rakheM ki hamArA pahalA caraNa hI antima lakSya taka nahIM pahuMca paataa| 4-zrAmaNya aura kAya-kleza kucha logoM kA abhimata hai ki bAhya nimittoM ke bacAva kI prakriyA meM zramaNa-jIvana jaTila bana gyaa| sahaja suvidhAeM naSTa ho gaI, unakA sthAna kAya-kleza ne le liyaa| kyA yaha saca hai ki zramaNa-jIvana bahuta hI kaThora hai ? hamAre abhimata me aisA nahIM hai| bhagavAn pArzva aura bhagavAn mahAvAra-donoM ne ajJAnapUrNa kAya-kleza kA prativAda kiyA / ajJAnI karor3oM varSoM ke kAya-kleza se jisa karma kA kSoNa karatA hai, use jJAnI eka kSaNa meM kara DAlatA hai| yaha sahI hai ki muni-jIvana meM kAya-kleza kA sarvathA asvIkAra nahIM hai| phira bhI jitanA mahatva saMvara, guti, dhyAna Adi kA hai, utanA kAyakleza kA nahIM hai / kaI AcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para kAya-kleza ko kucha atirikta mahattva diyA hai, kintu jaina vAGmaya kI samagra cintanadhArA meM vaha prApta nahIM hAtA / AcArAMga sUtra meM kahA gayA hai-"kAyA ko kaso, use jIrNa karo", kintu vaha ekAnta vacana nahIM hai| Agama sUtroM meM kucha muniyoM ke kaThAra tapa kA ullekha hai| use par3ha kara sahaja hI yaha dhAraNA bana jAto hai ki muni-jIvana kaThora tapasyA kA jIvana hai / kucha vidvAnoM kA abhimata hai ki jaina-sAdhanA prArambha meM kaThAra hI thI, phira bauddhoM kI madhyama pratipadA se prabhAvita ho kucha mRdu bana gaI / bauddha dharma ke utkarSa kAla meM jainaparamparA usase prabhAvita nahIM huI, yaha tA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| kintu ise bhI amAnya nahIM kiyA jA sakatA ki jaina-sAdhanA meM mRdutA aura kaThoratA kA sAmaJjasya Arambha se ho rahA hai| sAdhanA ke mukhya aMga do haiM-(1) saMvara aura (2) tapasyA / (1) saMvara ke pA~ca prakAra haiM-(1) samyaktva, (2) vrata, (3) apramAda, (4) * akaSAya aura (5) ayog| inakI sAdhanA mRdu hai-kAyakleza-rahita hai| . (2) tapasyA ke bAraha prakAra haiM(1) anazana, (7) prAyazcitta, (2) UodarI, (8) vinaya, (3) bhikSAcarI, (6) vaiyAvRttya, (4) rasa-parityAga, (10) svAdhyAya, (5) kAya-kleza, (11) dhyAna aura (6) pratisaMlInatA, (12) vyutsrg|

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222 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / inameM anazana-lambe upavAsoM tathA kAya-klezoM ko chor3akara anya kisI bhI prakAra ko kaThora sAdhanA nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ye donoM, tapasyA ke prathama chaha prakAra jo bahiraMga haiM, ke aMga haiM / inakI tulanA meM antaraMga tapasyA- aMtima chaha prakAroM kA adhika mahattva hai| - dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki kAya-kleza va dIrghakAlIna upavAsoM kA muni ke lie anivArya vidhAna nahIM hai| yaha apanI ruci kA prazna hai| jina muniyoM kI ruci inakI ora adhika hotI hai, ve inheM svIkAra karate haiM aura jinakI ruci dhyAna Adi kI ora hotI hai, ve unheM svIkAra karate haiN| saba vyaktiyoM kI ruci ko eka aura mor3A nahIM jA sktaa| mahAvata aura kAya-kleza mRgAputra ke mAtA-pitA ne kahA-"putra ! muni-jIvana kA pAlana bar3I kaThora sAdhana hai|" yahA~ kaThora sAdhanA kA abhiprAya kAya-kleza se nahIM hai| ahiMsA kA pAlana kaThora hai--zatru aura mitra ke prati samabhAva rakhanA sarala kAma nahIM hai / satya kA pAlana bhI kaThora hai-sadA jAgarUka rahanA sarala kAma nahIM hai| isI prakAra acaurya, brahmacarya, aparigraha aura rAtri-bhojana-virati kA pAlana bhI kaThora hai| isa kaThoratA kA mUla Atma-saMyama hai kintu kAyakleza nhiiN| ye vrata yAvajjIvana ke lie the isalie bhI inheM kaThora kahA gyaa| yahA~ yaha jAna lenA prAsaMgika hogA ki jaina muni kI dIkSA yAvajjIvana ke lie hotI hai, vaha bauddha-dIkSA kI bhA~ti alpakAlika nahIM hotii| ___mahAvratoM kI sAdhanA kAyA ko kaSTa dene ke lie nahIM hai| unake dvArA mukhya rUpa se kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika saMyama siddha hotA hai| usako siddhi meM kvacit kAyakleza prApta ho sakatA hai para vaha saMyama-siddhi kA mukhya sAdhana nahIM hai / parISaha aura kAya-kleza muni ke lie bAIsa prakAra ke parISahoM-kaSToM ko sahane kA vidhAna kiyA gayA gayA hai, kintu vaha kAyA ko kaSTa dene kI dRSTi se nahIM hai| ahiMsA Adi mahAvratoM kI pAlanA karane meM jo kaSTa utpanna hote haiM, unheM kAyA ko kleza denA nahoM kintu svIkRta dharma meM aDiga rahanA hai| madhyama pratipadA meM vizvAsa rakhane vAle isa prakAra ke kaSToM se apane ko nahIM bacAte the| aise kaSToM ko zAntipUki sahana karane kI preraNA dI jAtI 1-uttarAdhyayana 19 / 24 / 2-vahI, 19 // 35: jAvajjovamavissAmo, guNANaM tu mhaabhro|

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6-zrAmaNya aura kAya-kleza 223 thii| aMguttara-nikAya meM batAyA gayA hai-"bhikSuo ! yaha sIkho ki hama sardI-garmI, bhUkha-pyAsa, daMza-mazaka, vAta-Atapa, sarpa sambandhI kaSToM, zArIrika vedanAoM ko sahana karane meM samartha hoNge|" dhutAMga sAdhanA meM bhI aneka kaSToM ko sahA jAtA thaa| buddha ne bhikSuoM se kahA thA-"bhikSuo ! jisane kAyAnusmRti kA abhyAsa kiyA hai, use bar3hAyA hai, usa bhikSu ko dasa lAbha hone caahie| kauna se dasa ? ___ "vaha arati-rati-saha ( udAsI ke sAmane DaTA rahane vAlA ) hotA hai| use udAsI parAsta nahIM kara sktii| vaha utsanna udAsI ko parAsta kara viharatA hai| "vaha bhaya-bhairava-saha hotA hai| use bhaya-bhairava parAsta nahIM kara sktaa| vaha utpanna bhaya-bhairava ko parAsta kara viharatA hai| "zIta, uSNa, bhUkha-pyAsa, DaMka mArane vAle jIva, macchara, havA-dhUpa, reMgane vAle jIvoM ke AghAta ; durukta, durAgata vacanoM tathA duHkhadAyI, tIvra, kaTu, pratikUla, arucikara, prANahara zArIrika pIr3AoM ko saha sakane vAlA hotA hai|" kAya-kleza aura parISaha kI bhinnatA prAcIna kAla se hI mAnI jAtI rahI hai| zrutasAgaragaNi ne donoM kA bheda batalAte hue likhA hai- "kAya-kleza apanI icchA ke anusAra kiyA jAtA hai aura parISaha samAgata kaSTa hai|" anekAnta dRSTi . . jaina AcAryoM kI kAya-kleza ke viSaya meM anekAntadRSTi rahI hai / unhoMne apekSA ke anusAra use mahattva bhI diyA hai aura anapekSita kAya-kleza kA virodha bhI kiyA hai| Arya jinasena ne isa anekAntadRSTi kI bar3I mArmika carcA kI hai| unhoMne bhagavAn RSabha ke prasaMga meM eka cintana prastuta kiyA hai-"mumukSu ko apanA zarIra na to kRza hI banAnA cAhie aura na pravara rasoM ke dvArA use puSTi hI karanA cAhie, kintu use madhyamamArga kA avalambana lenA cAhie-doSa-nivRtti ke lie upavAsa Adi karane cAhie aura prANa-saMdhAraNa ke lie AhAra bhii| kAya-kleza usI sImA taka sammata hai jaba taka 'ki mAnasika saMkleza utpanna na ho| saMkleza se mana kA asamAdhAna hotA hai aura asamAdhAna kI sthiti meM muni dharma se cyuta ho jAtA hai| ata: saMyama-yAtrA ke nirvAha meM vighna upasthita na ho, vaise upasthita honA caahie|"5 1-aMguttaranikAya, 4 / 16 / 7 / 2-vizuddhimagga, dUsarA pariccheda / 3-buddhavacana, pR0 41 / 4-tattvArtha, 9 / 19 zrutasAgarIya vRtti / 5-mahApurANa, 2011-10 /

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224 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yaha madhyama-mArga kI mAnyatA jinasena se bahuta pahale hI sthira ho cukI thii| anekAnta dRSTi ke sAtha-sAtha hI isakA udaya huA thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM usake aneka bIja prApta haiM / AhAra aura anazana-donoM kA aikAntika vidhAna nahIM hai / chaha kAraNoM se AhAra karane kI anumati dI gaI hai / ve ye haiM (1) vedanA, (2) vaiyAvRttya, (3) IryA, (4) saMyama, (5) prANadhAraNa aura (6) dhrmcintaa| chaha kAraNoM se anazana karane kI anumati dI gaI hai-- (1) AtaMka, (2) upasarga, (4) brahmacaryadhAraNa, (4) prANidayA, (5) tapasyA aura (6) zarIra-viccheda / ___ isI prakAra sarasa bhojana kA bhI ekAtika vidhi-niSedha nahIM hai| jo dUdha, dahI Adi sarasa AhAra kare uge tapasyA bhI karanI cAhie-AhAra aura tapasyA kA saMtulita krama calanA cAhie / jo aisA nahIM karatA, vaha pApa-zramaga hotA hai / AmaraNa anazana ke lie bhI anekAntika vyavasthA hai| jaba taka jJAna, darzana, cAritra Adi guNoM kA nita nayA vikAsa hotA rahe taba taka jIvana kA dhAraNa kiyA jAya, AhAra Adi se zarIra ko calAyA jAya aura jaba jJAna, darzana Adi kA lAbha prApta karane kI kSamatA na rahe, usa sthiti meM deha kA tyAga kiyA jAya-AhAra kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA jAya / 4 1-uttarAdhyayana, 26 / 32,33 / 2-vahI, 26 / 33-34 / 3-vahI, 1715 / 4-vahI, 417: lAbhAntare jIviya vUhaittA, pacchAparinnAya mlaavdhNsii| .

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa :8 zrAmaNya aura kAya-kleza 225 __vastra ke viSaya meM bhI mahAvIra kA dRSTikoNa madhyamamArgI thaa| unhoMne sacela aura acela-ina donoM sAdhanA-paddhatiyoM ko mAnyatA dI / (1) kaI muni jIvana-paryanta sacela rahate the| (2) kaI muni sAdhanA ke prArambha kAla meM sacela rahate aura usake paripakva hone para acela ho jaate| (3) kaI muni kabhI sacela rahate, kabhI acela / hemanta meM sacela rahate aura grISma meM acela ho jAte / ' vastra milane para sacela rahate, na milane para acela / ' mahAvIra ne sAdhuoM ko gaNoM meM saMgaThita bhI kiyA aura akele rahane kI vyavasthA bhI I / ' unhoMne gaNa meM rahane vAloM ke lie sevA aura sahayoga ko protsAhana diyA aura akele rahane vAloM ke lie sevA yA sahayoga na lene kI vyavasthA dI / jo maNDalI-bhojana cAhate the, unake lie vaisI vyavasthA kI aura maNDalI-bhojana ke pratyAkhyAna ko bhI mahattva diyA / isa prakAra sAdhanA kI vyavasthA meM unakA dRSTikoNa anekAntasparzI rhaa| kAra kucha udAharaNa prastuta kie gae haiM jo mahAvIra ke madhyama-mArgI dRSTikoNa para prakAza DAlate haiN| mahAvIra kA mukAva yadi kAya-kleza kI ora hotA to ve yaha kabhI nahIM kahate ki jo tapa aura niyama se bhraSTa haiM, ve cira-kAla taka apane zarIra ko kleza dekara bhI saMsAra kA pAra nahIM pA sakate / ' unhoMne kAya-kleza ko vahI sthAna diyA, jo sthAna svAsthya kI prApti ke lie zalya-cikitsA kA hai / dehAdhyAsa vAstava meM ho bahuta gaharA hotA hai / usakI jar3oM ko ukhAr3a pheMkane ke lie eka bAra deha ke prati nirmamatva honA hotA hai| roga utpanna hone 1-AcArAMga, 1 / 4 / 5 / . . 2-uttarAdhyayana, 2013 / 3-uttarAdhyayana, 11 / 14; 17 / 17 / 4-vahI, 32 / 5 / 5-vahI, 29 / 44 / 6-vahI, 29 / 40 / 7-vahI, 1135 / 8-vahI, 29 // 34 // 6-vahI, 2041 / 26

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226 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana para auSadha dvArA usakA pratikAra na karanA, isI sAdhanA kI eka kar3I hai|' isa sAdhanA kI mRga-marIcikA se tulanA kI gaI hai| mRgAputra aura usake mAtA-pitA ke saMvAda se yaha lagatA hai ki roga kA pratikAra na karanA zramaNoM ko sAmAnya vidhi tho|' kintu dUsare AgamoM meM roga-pratikAra karane ke ullekha bhI milate haiN| ho sakatA hai prArambha meM roga-pratikAra kA niSedha ho aura vAda meM usakA vidhAna kiyA gayA ho / yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki deha-nirmamatva kI vizeSa sAdhanA karane vAle muniyoM ke lie cikitsA kA niSedha ho, sabake lie nhiiN| saMbhava hai mRgA-putra kI vizeSa sAdhanA kI utkaTa icchA ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI mAtA-pitA ne aisA kahA ho| kucha bhI ho, cikitsA ke viSaya meM AgamakAroM kI ekAnta-dRSTi nahIM rhii| ___ bAIsa parISahoM, jo svIkRta-mArga para sthira rahane aura Atma-zRddhi ke lie sahana karane yogya hote haiM, meM kucha parISaha saba muniyoM ke lie nahIM hai| * kaThora aura mRducaryA kA prazna ApekSika hai| eka vyakti ko eka sthiti meM jo kaThora lagatA hai, vahI usako dUsarI sthiti meM mRdu lagane lagatA hai aura jo mRdu lagatA hai, vaha kabhI kaThora lagane lagatA hai| isI anubhUti ke saMdarbha meM mRgA-putra ne kahA thA"jisakI laukika pyAsa bujha cukI hai, usake lie kucha bhI duSkara nahIM hai|"3 . 1-uttarAdhyayana, 2 / 32-33 / 2-vahI, 1975-82 / 3-vahI, 19644: iha loe nippivAsassa nasthi kiMci vi dukkaraM /

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prakaraNa : navA~ 1-tatvavidyA tattvavidyA hamAre jJAna-vRkSa kI vaha zAkhA hai, jisake dvArA vizva ke astitvanAstitva kI vyAkhyA kI jAtI hai| isake mAdhyama se lagabhaga sabhI dArzanikoM ne do mukhya praznoM para gambhIra cintana prastuta kiyaa| pahalA prazna yaha rahA ki vizva satya hai 'yA mithyA ? dUsarA prazna thA ki dravya ke astitva kA srota eka hI kendra se pravAhita ho rahA hai yA usake kendra bhinna-bhinna haiM ? ... upaniSad aura sRSTi . upaniSadoM ke RSi isa niSkarSa para pahuMce ki vizva satya hai / usake astitva kA srota eka ho kendra hai| vaha brahma hai| unhoMne yaha svIkAra kiyA ki jo kucha hai, vaha saba brahma hai|' vaha eka hai, advitIya hai / jo nAnAtva ko dekhatA hai-do ko svIkAra karatA hai, vaha bAra-bAra mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| aitareya upaniSad meM batAyA gayA hai ki sRSTi se pUrva ekamAtra AtmA hI thaa| dUsarA koI tattva nahIM thaa| usane socA lokoM kI racanA karUM / isa cintana ke sAtha usane lokoM kI racanA kii| chAndogya upaniSad ke anusAra asat se sat kI utpatti nahIM ho sktii| Arambha meM eka mAtra sat hI thaa| usane icchA kI ki maiM bahuta hokeM / isa icchA ke sAtha vaha aneka rUpoM meM vyakta ho gyaa| . vastutaH sat eka hI hai| vahI brahma yA AtmA hai / jitanA nAnAtva hai, vaha usI kA prapaMca hai| 1-(ka) chAndogyopaniSad, 3 / 14 / 1 : sarva khalvidaM brhm| (kha) muNDakopaniSad, 2 / 2 / 11 : brahma vedaM sabam / 2-chAndogyopaniSad, 6 / 2 / 2 : ekamevAdvitIyam / 3-bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4 / 4 / 19 ; kaThopaniSad, 2 / 1 / 10 : mRtyoH sa mRtyumApnoti ya iha nAneva pazyati / 4-aitareyopaniSad, 1 / 1 / 1-2 / / 5-chAndogyopaniSad, 6 / 2 / 2-3 /

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228 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayane ___ aupaniSadika dRSTi kA phalita artha yaha hai ki vizva kA mUla hetu bahma hai| vahI paramArtha-satya hai| zeSa saba usI se utpanna hai aura usI meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| ata: bAhya-jagat asatya hai-paramArtha-satya nahIM hai| jo paramArtha-satya hai, vaha 'eka' hai| jo nAnAtva hai, vaha usI meM se utpanna hai, ataH vastutaH 'eka' hI satya hai / jo aneka hai, vaha satya nahIM hai| bauddha darzana aura vizva bauddha dharma kI do pramukha zAkhAeM haiM-hInayAna aura mahAyAna / hInayAna kI do zAkhAeM haiM-vaibhASika aura sautrAntika-sarvAstivAdI haiN| ve jagat ke astitva ko satya mAnatI haiN| mahAyAna kI do zAkhAeM-yogAcAra aura mAdhyamika-jagat ke astitva ko mithyA mAnatI haiN| vaibhASika aura sautrAntika ko dRSTi meM dravya kA astitva Atma-kendrita hai| vaha kisI eka hI kendra se pravAhita nahIM ho rahA hai| yogAcAra aura mAdhyamika kI dRSTi dArzanika yuga meM vikasita huI thii| isIlie vaha tarkahIna brahma ko mAnya nahIM kara sko| vaha aupaniSadika cintana kA antima rUpa bnii| aupaniSadika cintana thA ki brahma satya hai aura nAnAtva asatya / yogAcAra aura mAdhyamika zAkhAoM kA cintana rahA ki saba kucha asatya hai| jaina darzana aura vizva jaina-dRSTi ina donoM dhArAoM se bhinna rhii| Agama aura dArzanika-donoM yugoM meM usakA rUpa-parivartana nahIM huaa| usakA apanA abhimata thA ki ekatva bhI satya hai aura nAnAtva bhI satya hai| astitva kI dRSTi se saba dravya eka haiM, ata: ekatva bhI satya hai| upayogitA kI dRSTi se dravya aneka haiM, ata: nAnAtva bhI satya hai / jaina AcAryoM ne ekatva kI vyAkhyA saMgraha-naya ke AdhAra para kI aura nAnAtva kI vyAkhyA vyavahAra-naya ke AdhAra para / ekatva aura nAnAtva kI vyAkhyA jahA~ nirapekSa hotI hai, vahA~ satya kA darzana khaNDita ho jAtA hai| nirapekSa ekatva bhI satya nahIM hai aura nirapekSa nAnAtva bhI satya nahIM hai| da noM kA sApekSa darzana hI satya kA pUrNa darzana hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya Atma-kendrita haiM / unake astitva kA srota kisI eka hI kendra se pravahamAna nahIM hai| cena kA astitva jitanA svatantra aura vAstavika hai, utanA hI svataMtra aura vAstavika acetana kA astitva bhI hai| cetana aura acetana kI vAstavika sattA hI yaha jagat hai| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 2 /

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226 khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6 1 -tattvavidyA .. yaha jagat anAdi-ananta hai / cetana acetana se utpanna nahIM hai aura acetana cetana se utpanna nahIM hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki jagat anAdi-ananta hai| yaha vyAkhyA dravya-sparzI naya ke AdhAra para kI jA sakatI hai, kintu rUpAntarasparzI naya kI vyAkhyA isase bhinna hogii| usake anusAra yaha jagat sAdi-sAnta bhI hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki jagat ke ghaTaka tattva anAdi-ananta haiM aura unake rUpa sAMdi-sAnta haiN| jIva anAdi-ananta haiM, kintu ekendriya jIva pravAha kI dRSTi se anAdi ananta haiM aura vyakti kI dRSTi se sAdisAnta haiM / ' isI prakAra ajIva bhI anAdi-ananta haiM kintu paramANu pravAha kI apekSA anAdi-ananta hai aura vyakti kI dRSTi se sAdi-sAnta hai / jaina dArzanika isa siddhAnta meM vizvAsa nahIM karate ki asat se sat utpanna hotA hai / isakA artha yaha hai ki jagat meM nae sire se kucha bhI utsanna nahIM hotA / jo jitanA hai, vaha utanA hI thA aura utanA hI rahegA / yaha maulika tattva ko bAta hai| rUmAntaraNa kI dRSTi se asat se sat utsanna hotA bhI hai / jo eka dina pahale asat hotA hai, vaha Aja sat ho jAtA hai aura jo Aja sat hotA hai, vaha kala phira asat ho sakatA hai| jise hama jagat kahate haiM, usakI sRSTi kA mUla yaha rUpAntaraNa ho hai / jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra jagat ke ghaTaka tattva do haiM-jIva aura ajIva / zeSa saba inakA vistAra hai| saMsAra meM jitane dravya haiM, ve saba ina dA dravyoM ke hI, bheda-upabheda haiM / unameM kucha aise haiM, jo hamAre lie dRzya haiM aura kucha aise bhI haiM jo hamAre lie dRzya nahIM haiM / ajIva ke pA~ca prakAra haiM adharmAstikAya- gtitttv| adharmAstikAya- sthitittv| ... " AkAzAstikAya- avkaashtttv| .. . ... .. kAla parivartana kA hetu| pudgalA stikAya- - saMyoga-viyogazIla tattva / mUrta-amUta .. ..... bhAratIya tattvavettA tIna hajAra varSa pahale se hI mUrta aura amUrta kA vibhAga mAnate rahe haiN| zatapatha bAhmaNa meM likhA hai ki brahma ke do rUpa haiM-mUrta aura amUrta / ' bRhadAraNyaka 2 / 3 / 1 meM bhI yahI bAta milatI hai| purANa-sAhitya meM bhI isa mAnyatA kI 1-vahI, 36 / 78-79 / 2-vahI, 36 / 12-13 / 3-zatapatha brAhmaga, 14 / 5 / 3 / 1 /

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230 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana carcA huI hai / jaina-AgamoM meM mUrta aura amUrta ke sthAna para rUpI aura arUpI kA prayoga adhika milatA hai / inakI carcA bhI jitane vistAra se unameM huI hai, utanI anyatra prApta nahIM hai / rUpI aura arUpI kI sAmAnya paribhASA yaha hai ki jisa dravya meM varNa, gandha, sparza aura saMsthAna hoM, vaha rUpI hai aura jisameM ye na hoM vaha arUpI hai / jIva arUpI hai isalie bhagu-putroM ne apane pitA se kahA thA-"jIva amUrta hone ke kAraNa indriyoM dvArA grAhya nahIM hai|" 2 ajIva ke prathama cAra prakAra arUpI haiN| pudgala rUpI haiN| arUpI jagat janasAdhAraNa ke lie agamya hai| usake lie jo gamya hai, vaha pudgala jagat hai| usake cAra prakAra haiM-skandha, deza, pradeza aura paramANu / 4 paramANu pudgala kI sabase choTI ikAI hai / usase choTA kucha bhI nahIM hai / skandha unake samudAya kA nAma hai / deza aura pradeza usake kAlpanika vibhAga haiM / pudagala kI vAstavika ikAI paramANu hI hai| paramANu sUkSma hote haiM, isIlie ve rUpI hone para bhI hamAre lie dRzya nahIM haiM / isI prakAra unake sUkSma-skandha bhI hamAre lie adRzya haiN| hamAre lie vahI rUpI jagat dRzya hai, jo sthUla hai| paramANuvAda jaina-AgamoM meM paramANuoM ke viSaya meM atyanta vistRta carcA kI gaI hai| yaha kahane meM koI atizayokti nahIM hogI ki AgamoM kA AdhA bhAga paramANuoM kI carcA se sambandhita hai| unake viSaya meM jaina-darzana kA eka vizeSa dRSTikoNa hai| usakA abhimata hai ki isa saMsAra meM jitanA sAMyogika parivartana hotA hai, vaha paramANuoM ke ApasI saMyoga-viyoga aura jIva aura paramANuoM ke saMyoga-viyoga se hotA hai| isakI vizada carcA hama 'karmavAda aura lezyA' ke prakaraNa meM kreNge| .... zivadatta jJAnI ne likhA hai-"paramANuvAda vaizeSika darzana kI hI vizeSatA hai| usakA prArambha upaniSadoM se hotA hai| jaina, AjIvaka Adi dvArA bhI usakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| kintu kaNAda ne use vyavasthita rUpa diyaa|5 jJAnIjI kA yaha pratipAdana prAmANika nahIM hai| aupaniSadika dRSTi ke AdAna kAraNa paramANu nahIM haiN| usakA upAdAna brahma hai| 1-viSNurANa, 1 / 22 / 53 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 16 / . 3-vahI, 36 / 4 / 4-vahI, 36 / 10 / 5-bhAratIya saMskRti, pR0 229 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6 1-tattvavidyA 231 ___ haramana jekobI ne paramANu siddhAntoM ke viSaya para bar3I sUkSma dRSTi se prakAza DAlA hai / unakA abhimata hai-"brAhmagoM kI prAcInatama dArzanika mAnyatAoM meM, jo upaniSadoM meM varNita haiM, hama aNu siddhAnta kA ullekha taka nahIM pAte haiM aura isalie vedAnta sUtra meM, jo upaniSadoM kI zikSAoM ko vyavasthita rUpa se batAne kA dAvA karate haiM, isakA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| sAMkhya aura yoga darzanoM meM bhI ise svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai, jo vedoM ke samAna hI prAcIna hone kA dAvA karate haiM, kyoMki vedAnta sUtra bhI inheM smRti ke nAma se pukArate haiN| kintu aNu siddhAnta vaizeSika darzana kA avibhAjya aMga haiM aura nyAya ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA hai| ye donoM brAhmaNa-paramparA ke darzana haiM jinakA prAdurbhAva sAmpradAyika vidvAnoM (paNDitoM) dvArA huA hai, na ki devI yA dhArmika vyaktiyoM dvaaraa| veda-virodhI matoM, jainoM ne ise grahaNa kiyA hai, aura AjIvikoM ne bhI... / hama jainoM ko prathama sthAna dete haiM kyoMki unhoMne pudgala ke sambandha meM atIva prAcIna matoM ke AdhAra para hI apanI paddhati ko saMsthApita kiyA hai|" jIva vibhAga dArzanika vidvAnoM ne jIvoM ke vibhAga bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM se kie haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne unake vibhAga kA AdhAra gati aura jJAna ko mAnA hai / gati ke AdhAra para jIvoM ke do vibhAga hote haiM--(1) sthAvara aura (2) trasa / jinameM gamana karane kI kSamatA nahIM hai, ve sthAvara haiM aura jinameM calane kI kSamatA hai, ve trasa haiM / sthAvara sRSTi ___ sthAvara jIvoM ke tIna vibhAga haiM-(1) pRthvI, (2) jala aura (3) vanaspati / 3 ye tInoM do-do prakAra ke hote haiM-(1) sUkSma aura (2) sthUla / sUkSma jIva samUce loka meM vyApta hote haiM aura skUla jIva loka ke kaI bhAgoM meM prApta hote haiN| . .' sthala pRthvI . ..... . . sthUla pRthvI ke do prakAra haiM-(1) mRdu aura (2) kaThina / 5 mRdu pRthvI ke sAta prakAra haiM 1-ensAiklopIDiyA oNpha rilIjana enDa ethiksa, bhAga 2, pR0 199,20.0 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 68 / 3-vahI, 36 / 69 / 4-vahI, 3678,86,100 / 5--vahI, 3671 /

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232 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayanaM . ... (1) kRSNa (kAlI), (2) nIla (nIlI vA nitazilotpanna), (3) lohita (leTa rAiTa vA lAla), (4) hAridra (pIlI), (5) zukla (zveta), (6) pANDu (dhUmila, bhUrI); tathA (7) panakamRtikA (nadya pa, paMka, kiTTa tathA cikanI domtt)| yahA~ ye bheda atyanta vaijJAnika haiM / ' prajJApanA meM bhI mRdu pRthvI ke ye sAta prakAra prApta haiN| kaThina pRthvI-bhUtala-vinyAsa (Tarena) aura karaMbopaloM (orisa) ko chattIsa bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai(1) zuddha pRthvI (19) aMjana ... (2) zarkarA ... (20) pravAlaka-muMge ke samAna raMga vAlA . . (3) bAlukA- baluI (21) abhraba lukA-abhraka kI bAlu (4) upala-kaI prakAra kI (22) abhrATala-azraka . zilAeM aura karaMbopala (23) gomedaka-vaiDUrya kI eka jAti (5) zilA (24) rucaka-maNi kI eka jAti (6) lavaNa (25) aMka-maNi kI eka jAti (7) Upa-nautI miTTI .. (26) sphaTika . (8) ayas-lohA (2 ) marakata-pannA (8) tAmra-tA~bA (28) bhujamocaka - maNi kI eka jAti (10) pu-jasta. (26) indranIla-nIlama (11) sosaka-sIsA (30) candana-maNi kI eka jAti (12) rUpya-cA~dI (31) pulaka-maNi kI eka jAti (13) suvarNa-sonA (32) saugandhika-mANaka kI eka jAti (14) vajra-hIrA (33) candraprabha-maNi kI eka jAti (15) haritAla .... (34) vaiDUrya (16) hiMgulaka (35) jalakAnta-maNi kI eka jAti (17) manaHzIlA--mainasila . (36) sUryakAnta-maNi kI eka jAti (18) sasyaka-rala kI eka jAti vRttikAra ke anusAra lohitAkSa aura masAragalla kramaza: sphaTika aura marakta tathA geruka aura haMsagarbha ke upada haiM / vRttikAra ne zuddha pRthvI se lekara vana taka ke caudaha 1-uttarAdhyayana, 3672 / 2--kauTalIya arthazAstra, 11 / 36 / 3-bRhad vRtti, patra 689 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6 1-tattvavidyA 233 prakAra tathA ritAla se lekara paTala taka ke ATha prakAra spaSTa mAne haiM / gomedaka se lekara zeSa paba caudaha prakAra hone cAhie, kintu aThAraha. hote haiM (utarAdhyayana, 3673-76) / inameM se cAra vastuoM kA dAroM meM antarbhAva hotA hai / vRttikAra isa viSaya meM pUrNarUpeNa asaMdigdha nahIM hai ki kisameM kisakA antarbhAva honA caahie|' sthUla jala sthUla jala ke pA~ca prakAra haiM (1) zuddha udaka, (2) osa, (3) haratanu, (4) kuharA aura (5) hima / sthUla vanaspati - spUla vanaspati ke do prakAra haiM-(1) pratyeka zarIrI aura (2) sAdhAraNa shriirii|' jisake eka zarIra meM eka jIva hotA hai, vaha 'pratyeka zarIrI' kahalAtI hai| jisake eka zarIra meM ananta jIva hote haiM, vaha 'sAdhAraNa zarIrI' kahalAtI hai / pratyeka zarIrI vanaspati ke bAraha prakAra haiM (1) vRkSa, (4) latA, (7) latAvalaya, (10) jalaja, (2) gaccha, (5) vallI, (8) parvaga, (11) auSadhitRNa aura (3) gulma, (6) tRNa, (6) kuhuNa, (12) haritakAya / / - sAdhAraNa zarIrI vAsati ke aneka prakAra haiM ; jaise-kanda, mUla Adi / trasa sRSTi trasa sRSTi ke chaH prakAra haiM(1) agni, (4) trIndriya, . (2) vAyu; (5) caturindriya aura (3) dvIndriya, (6). pacendriya / / 1-bRhad vRtti, patra 689 : iha ca pRthi jyAdayazcaturaMza haritAlAdayo'STau gomejjakAdayazca kvacitkasyacitkathaMcidantarbhAvAccaturdazetyamI mIlitAH SaTtriMzad bhavanti / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 3685 / 3-vahI, 36 / 93 / 4-vahI, 36 / 94,95 / 5-vahI, 36 / 96-99 / 6-vahI, 36 / 107,126

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234 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana agni aura vAyu kI gati abhiprAyapUrvaka nahIM hotI, isalie ve kevala gamana karane vAle trasa haiM / dvIndriya Adi abhiprAyapUrvaka gamana karane vAle trasa haiM / agni aura vAyu agni aura vAyu donoM do-do prakAra ke hote haiM-sUkSma aura sthala / sUkSma jIva samUce loka meM vyApta rahate haiM aura sthUla jIva loka ke amuka-amuka bhAga meM hai|' sthala agnikAyika jIvoM ke aneka bheda hote haiM, jaise--aMgAra, murmura, zuddha agni, arci, jvAlA, ulkA, vidyut Adi / sthala vAyukAyika jIvoM ke bheda ye haiM:-(1) utkalikA, (2) maNDa likA, (3) dhanavAta, (4) guJjAvAta, (5) zuddhavAta aura (6) saMvartakavAta / abhiprAyapUrvaka gati karane vAle trasa jina kinhIM prANiyoM meM sAmane jAnA, pIche haTanA, saMkucita honA, phailanA, zabda karanA, idhara-udhara jAnA, bhayabhIta honA, daur3anA-ye kriyAeM haiM aura Agati evaM gati ke vijJAtA haiM, ve saba trasa haiN|4 isa paribhASA ke anusAra asa jIvoM ke cAra prakAra haiM--(1) dvIndriya, (2) trIndriya, (3) caturindriya aura (4) paMcendriya / 5 ye sthUla hI hote haiM, inameM sUkSma aura sthUla kA vibhAga nahIM hai| dvIndriya, trIndriya, aura caturindriya jIva sammUrchanaja hI hote haiM / paMcendriya jova sammUcchaM paja aura garbhaja-donoM prakAra ke hote haiM / gati kI dRSTi se paMcendriya cAra prakAra ke haiM-(1) nerayika, (2) tiryaJca, (3) manuSya aura (4) deva / paMcendriya tiryaJca tIna prakAra ke hote haiM--(1) jalacara, (2) sthalacara aura (3) khecara / / jalacara sRSTi ke mukhya prakAra matsya, kacchA, grAha, magara aura zuMzumAra Adi haiN|" 1-uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 111,120 / 2-vahI, 36 / 100,109 / 3-vahI, 363118-119 / 4-dazavakAlika, 4 sUtra 9 / 5-uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 126 / 6-vahI, 363171 / 7-vahI, 363172 /

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baila A khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6 1-tattvavidyA 235 sthalacara sRSTi kI mukhya jAtiyA~ do haiM--(1) catuSpada aura (2) parisarpa / ' catuSpada ke cAra prakAra haiM (1) eka khura vAle-- azva Adi, (2) do khura vAle(3) gola paira vAle- hAthI Adi aura (4) nakha-sahita paira vAle- siMha Adi / 2 parisarpa kI mukhya jAtiyA~ do haiM (1) bhuja parisarpa- bhujAoM ke bala reMgane vaale| goha Adi aura (2) uraH parisarpa- chAtI ke bala reMgane vAle / sarpa Adi / khecara sRSTi kI mukhya jAtiyA~ cAra haiM (1) carma pakSI, (2) roma pakSI, (3) samudga pakSI aura (4) vitata pkssii| yaha jIva-sRSTi kI saMkSipta rUparekhA hai / dekhie yaMtra 1-uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 179 / 2-vahI, 36 / 179,180 / 3-vahI, 36 / 181 / 4-vahI, 36 / 188 /

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236 ... ___ uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . .... sthAvara-saSTi . 1. pRthivI ... . 2. jala .... TIR zuddha udaka kaThina osa . haratanu kuharA hima kRSNa nIla lohita hAridra / pANDu zukla panaka mRttikA zuddha pRthivI zarkarA vAlukA upala zilA lavaNa USa ayas tAmra trapu sIsaka rUpya suvarNa vajra haritAla hiMguluka manaHzIlA sasyaka aMjana pravAlaka abhrATala abhravAlukA gomedaka rucaka aMka / sphaTika marakata bhutamovaka iTanIla badana puThaka sovika candraprabha vaiDUrva jajakAta sUryakAnta

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 1-tattvavidyA ... 237 3. vanaspati sthala . - sUkSma . . - pratyeka zarIrI sAdhAraNa zarIrI . . latAMvalaya pavaMga kuhuNa jalaja auSadhitRNa haritakAya

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . trasa-sRSTi 1. agni 2. vAyu 3. dvIndriya 4. trIndriya 5. caturindriya 6. paMcendriya 1..agni sthala aMgAra murmura zuddha agni aciM jvAlA - ulkA vidyut 2. vAyu sUkSma - utkalikA maNDalikA dhanavAta guJjAvAta zRddhavAta saMvartakavAta 3. dvIndriya 4. trIndriya nairayika tiryaJca ratna sthalacara khecara paMka dhama zakarA jalacara sthalacara bAlukA | matsya kacchA catuSpada tama mahAtama magara eka khura vAle zaMzumAra do khura vAle gola para vAle nakha-sahita paira vAle grAha carma pakSI parisarpa roma pakSI samudga pakSI bhaja parisarpa vitata pakSI uraH parisarpa

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6 1-tattvavidyA . 236 5. caturindriya 6. paMcendriya manuSya vaimAni ke karmabhUmija akarmabhUmija antaradvIpaja bhavanapati vyantara jyotiSka bhata sUrya graha asurakumAra nAgakumAra suparNakumAra vidyutkumAra agnikumAra * dvIpakumAra dika kumAra udadhikumAra vAyu kumAra stanitakumAra pizAca yakSa rAkSasa kinnara kiMpuruSa mahoraga gandharva nakSatra tArA kalpopapanna kalpAtIta saudharma IzAna sanAkumAra anuttara graMveyaka mahendra vijaya vaijayanta jayanta aparAjita sarvArthasiddha brahma .. lAntaka mahAzaka sahasrAra Anata prANata bhAraNa acyuta adhastana madhyama uparitana adhastana madhyama uparitana adhastana madhyama uparitana

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240 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dRzya jagat aura parivartanazIla sRSTi jItra do prakAra ke hote haiM-(1) saMsArI aura (2) siddha / ' samyaga darzana, jJAna, cAritra aura tapa ke dvArA paudgalika bandhanoM se mukta jIva 'siddha' kahalAte haiN| dRzya jagat aura parivartanazIla sRSTi meM unakA koI yogadAna nahIM hotaa| ve kevala Atmapya hote haiN| sRSTi ke vividha rUpoM meM saMpArI jovoM kA yogadAna hotA hai| ve zarIrasya hote haiM, isalie paudgalika saMyoga-viyoga meM rahate hue nAnA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| sRSTi kI vividhatA unhoM rUpoM meM se nikhAra pAtI hai| . ___ yaha miTTI kyA hai ? pRthvI ke jIvoM kA zarIra hI to hai| yaha jala aura kyA hai ? agni, vAyu, vanaspati aura jaMgama-ye sabhI zarIra haiM, jIvita yA mRt| hamAre sAmane aisI koI bhI vastu dRzya nahIM hai, jo eka dina kisI jIva kA zarIra na rahI ho / zarIra aura kyA hai ? sUkSma ko sthala banAne aura adRzya ko dRza banAne kA eka mAdhyama hai| zarIra aura jIva kA saMyoga sRSTi ke parivartana aura saMcalana kA mukhya hetu hai / 2-karmavAda aura lezyA paristhiti meM hI guNa aura doSa kA Aropa ve loga kara sakate haiM, jo AtmA meM vizvAsa nahIM karate / AtmA ko mAnane vAle loga Antarika aura bahya donoM meM gaNadoSa dekhate haiM aura antima saccAI to yaha hai ki Atarika-vizuddhi se hI bAhara kI vizuddhi hotI hai tathA Antarika doSa se ho bAhara meM doSa nippanna hotA hai| amitagati ne isI bhAvabhASA meM kahA hai antarvizuddhato jantoH, zuddhiH sampadyo bahaH / bAhya hi kurute doSaM, savamAntaradoSataH // bAharI paristhiti se ve hI vyakti prabhAvita hote haiM, jo vijAtIya tatvoM se adhika sampRkta haiM / jinakA vijAtIya tattvoM se samparka kama hai, jinakI cetanA apane meM hI lIna hai, ve bAhara se prabhAvita nahIM hote| isI satya ko isa bhASA meM bhI pratuta kiyA ja' sakatA hai ki jo bAharI saMgoM se mukta rahatA hai, usakI cetanA apane meM lIna rahatI hai 1-uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 48 / .. . 2-mUlArAdhanA, amitagati, 1997 / - 3-mUlArAdhanA, 7.1912 : maMdA huMti kasAyA, bAhirasaMga vijaDhassa savvassa / giNhaha kasAyabahulo, ceva hu savvaM pi gaMthakaliM //

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6 2-karmavAda aura lezyA 241. aura usakI cetanA dUsare raMgoM meM raMga jAtI hai, jo bAhara meM vilIna rahatA hai| sacAI yaha hai ki apane ko bAhya meM vilIna karane vAlA hara jIva bAhya se prabhAvita hotA hai aura usakI cetanA bAhara ke raMgoM se raMgIna rahatI hai| lezyA isa raMgIna cetanA kA hI eka pariNAma hai aura karma-bandhana usI kA anugamana karatA hai| kama : caitanya para prabhAva jIva cetana hai aura pudgala acetana / ina donoM meM sIdhA sambandha nahIM hai / jIva lezyA ke mAdhyama se hI pudgaloM kA AtmIkaraNa karatA hai, isalie jaba vaha zubha pravRtti meM saMlagna rahatA hai, taba zubha pudgala AtmIkRta hote haiM, jo puNya kahalAte haiM aura jaba vaha azubha pravRtti meM saMlagna rahatA hai, taba azubha pudgala AtmIkRta hote haiM, jo pApa kahalAte haiM / jaba ye puNya-pApa vibhakta kie jAte haiM, taba inakI ATha jAtiyA~ bana jAtI haiM, jinheM ATha karma kahA gayA hai (1) jJAnAvaraNa- isase jJAna Avata hotA hai, isalie yaha pApa hai| (2) darzanAvaraNa- isase darzana Avata hotA hai, isalie yaha pApa hai| (3) mohanIya-- isase dRSTi aura cAritra vikRta hote haiM, isalie yaha pApa hai ! (4) antarAya- isase AtmA kA vIrya pratihata hotA hai, isalie yaha pApa hai| (5) vedanIya-- yaha sukha aura duHkha kI vedanA kA hetu banatA hai, isalie yaha puNya bhI hai aura pApa bhI hai| (6) nAma- yaha zubha aura azubha abhivyakti kA hetu banatA hai, isalie yaha puNya bhI hai aura pApa bhI hai| (7) gotra- yaha ucca aura nIca saMyogoM kA hetu banatA hai, isalie yaha puNya bhI hai aura pApa bhI hai| (8) AyuSya- yaha zubha aura azubha jIvana kA hetu bananA hai, isalie yaha puNya bhI hai aura pApa bhI hai| jIva puNya yA pApa nahIM hai aura pudgala bhI puNya yA pApa nahIM hai| jIva aura pudgala kA saMyoga hone para jo sthiti banatI hai, vaha puNya yA pApa hai| ina puNya yA pApa karmoM ke dvArA jIvoM meM vividha parivartana hote rahate haiM / isa jagat ke nAnAtva kA karma-samUha sarvopari kAraNa hai| karmoM ke pudgala sUkSma haiN| unase aise rahasyapUrNa kArya ghaTita hote haiM, jinakI sAmAnya-buddhi vyAkhyA hI nahIM kara sakatI yA jinheM bahuta sAre loga Izvara kI lolA kaha kara santoSa mAnate haiN| yadi hama jIva aura karma pudgaloM kI saMyogika prakriyAoM ko gaharAI se samajha leM to hama sRSTi kI sahaja vyAkhyA

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242 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kara sakate haiM aura jaTilatAoM se bhI baca jAte haiM, jo IzvarIya-sRSTi kI vyAkhyA meM utpanna hotI haiN| lezyA : cetana aura acetana ke saMyoga kA mAdhyama jitane sthUla paramANu skandha hote haiM, ve saba prakAra ke raMgoM aura uparaMgoM se yukta hote haiN| manuSya kA zarIra sthUla-skandha hai, isalie vaha bhI saba raMgoM se yukta hai| vaha raMgIna hai, isIlie bAhya raMgoM se prabhAvita hotA hai| unakA prabhAva manuSya ke mana para bhI par3atA hai| isa prabhAva-zakti ke AdhAra para bhagavAn mahAvIra ne saba prANiyoM ke zarIroM aura vicAroM ko chaha vargoM meM vibhakta kiyaa| usa vargIkaraNa ko 'lezyA' kahA jAtA hai (1) kRSNalezyA, (3) kApotalezyA, (5) padmalezyA aura (2) nIlalezyA, (4) tejolezyA, (6) zuklalezyA / DaoN0 harmana jekobI ke abhimata kI samIkSA ___ DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne likhA hai-"jainoM ke lezyA ke siddhAnta meM aura gozAlaka ke mAnavoM ko chaha bhAgoM meM vibhakta karane vAle siddhAnta meM samAnatA hai| ise pahale pahala pro0 lyUmena ne pakar3A, kintu isa viSaya meM merA vizvAsa hai ki jainoM ne yaha siddhAnta AjIvakoM se liyA aura use parivartita kara apane siddhAntoM ke sAtha samanvita kara diyaa|" ____ mAnavoM kA chaha bhAgoM meM vibhAjana gozAlaka ke dvArA nahIM, kintu pUraNakazyapa ke dvArA kiyA gayA thaa| patA nahIM pro0 lyUmena aura DaoN0 harmana jekobI ne use 'gozAlaka ke dvArA kiyA huA mAnavoM kA vibhAjana' kisa AdhAra para mAnA ? pUraNakazyapa bauddha-sAhitya meM ullikhita chaha tIrthaGkaroM meM se eka haiN| unhoMne raMgoM ke AdhAra para chaha abhijAtiyA~ nizcita kI thoM (1) kRSNAbhijAti- krUra karma vAle saukarika, zAkunika Adi jIvoM kA varga, (2) nIlAbhijAti- bauddha bhikSu tathA kucha anya karmavAdI, kriyAvAdI bhikSuoM kA varga, (3) lohitAbhijAti- ekazATaka nirgranthoM kA varga, (4) haridrAbhijAti- zveta vastradhArI yA nirvastra, (5) zuklAbhijAti- AjIvaka zramaNa-zramaNiyoM kA varga aura 1-Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV, Introduction. p. XXX. 2-aMguttaranikAya, 6 / 6 / 3, bhAga 3, pR0 93 / 3-dIghanikAya, 112, pR0 16,20 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 6 2 -karmavAda aura lezyA 243 (6) paramazaklAbhijAti- AjIvaka AcArya nanda, vatsa, kRza, sAMkRtya, maskarI gozAlaka Adi kA vrg|' Ananda ne gautama buddha se ina chaha abhijAtiyoM ke viSaya meM pUchA to unhoMne ise 'avyakta vyakti dvArA kiyA huprA pratipAdana' khaa| isa vargIkaraNa kA mukhya AdhAra acelatA hai / isameM vastroM ke allIkaraNa yA pUrNatyAga ke AdhAra para abhijAtiyoM kI zreSThatA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| gautama buddha ne prAnanda se kahA-"maiM bhI chaha abhijAtiyoM ko prajJApanA karatA hU~(1) koI puruSa kRSNAbhijAtika ( nIca kula meM utpanna ) ho, kRSNa-dharma ( pApa ) __karatA hai| (2) koI puruSa kRSNAbhijAtika ho, zukla-dharma karatA hai / (3) koI puruSa kRSNAbhijAtika ho, akRSNa-azukla nirvANa ko paidA karatA hai| (4) koI puruSa zuklAbhijAtika (U~ce kula meM utpanna ) ho, zukla-dharma ( puNya ) karatA hai| (5) koI puruSa zuklAMbhijAtika ho, kRSNa-dharma karatA hai| (6) koI puruSa zuklAbhijAtika ho, akRSNa-azukla nirvANa ko paidA karatA hai|" yaha vargIkaraNa janma aura karma ke AdhAra para kiyA huA hai| isameM cANDAla, niSAda, Adi jAtiyoM ko 'zukla' kahA gayA hai| kAyika, vAcika aura mAnasika duzcaraNa ko 'kRSNa-dharma' aura unake sucaraNa ko 'zukla-dharma' kahA gayA hai| nirvANa na kRSNa hai aura na zukla / isa vargIkaraNa kA dhyeya yaha hai ki nIca jAti meM utpanna vyakti bhI zukla-dharma kara sakatA hai aura ucca kula meM utpanna vyakti kRSNa-dharma bhI karatA hai / dharma aura nirvANa kA sambandha jAti se nahIM hai| .. chaha abhijAtiyoM ke ina donoM vargIkaraNoM kA lezyA ke vargIkaraNa se koI sambandha nahIM hai| vaha sarvathA svataMtra hai| lezyAoM kA sambandha eka-eka vyakti se hai| vicAroM ko prabhAvita karane vAlI lezyAeM eka vyakti ke eka hI jIvana meM kAla-krama se chahoM ho sakatI haiN| lezyA kA vargIkaraNa chaha abhijAtiyoM kI apekSA mahAbhArata ke vargIkaraNa ke adhika nikaTa hai| sanatkumAra ne dAnavendra vRtrAsura se kahA-"prANiyoM ke varNa chaha prakAra ke haiM(1) kRSNa, (2) dhUmra, (3) nIla, (4) rakta, (5) hAridra aura (6) zukla / inameM se 1-aMguttaranikAya, 6 / 6 / 3, bhAga 3, pR0 35-63,94 / 2-(ka) aMguttaranikAya, 6 / 6 / 3, bhAga 3, pR0 63-94 / (kha) dIghanikAya, 3 / 10, pR0 295 /

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244 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kRSNa, dhamra aura nIla varNa kA sukha madhyama hotA hai| rakta varNa adhika sahya hotA hai| hAridra varNa sukhakara aura zukla varNa adhika sukhakara hotA hai|"1 ____ kRSNa varNa kI nIca gati hotI hai| vaha naraka meM le jAne vAle karmoM meM Asakta rahatA hai / naraka se nikalane vAle jIva kA varNa dhUmra hotA hai, yaha pazu-pakSI jAti kA raMga hai| nIla varNa manuSya jAti kA raMga hai| rakta varNa anugraha karane vAle devavarga kA raMga hai| hAridra varNa viziSTa devatAoM kA raMga hai| zukla varNa siddha zarIradhArI sAdhakoM kA raMga hai|2 mahAbhArata meM eka sthAna para likhA hai--"duSkarma karane vAlA manuSya varNa se paribhraSTa ho jAtA hai| puNya-karma se vaha varNa ke utkarSa ko prApta hotA hai / "3 ___'lezyA' aura mahAbhArata ke 'varNa-nirUpaNa' meM bahata sAmya hai, phira bhI vaha mahAbhArata se gRhIta hai, aisA mAnane ke lie koI hetu prApta nahIM hai| raMga ke prabhAva kI vyAkhyA lagabhaga sabhI darzana-granthoM meM milatI hai| jaina-AcAryoM ne use sarvAdhika vikasita kiyA, isa sambandha meM koI bhI manISI do mata nahIM ho sktaa| isa vikAsa ko dekhate hue sahaja hI yaha kalpanA ho jAtI hai ki jaina-AcArya isakA pratipAdana bahuta pahale se hI karate Ae haiN| isake lie ve una dUsarI paramparAoM ke RNI nahIM haiM, jinhoMne isakA pratipAdana kevala prAsaMgika rUpa meM hI kiyA hai| ___ gItA meM gati ke kRSNa aura zukla-ye do varga kie gae haiN| kRSNagati vAlA bArabAra janma-maraNa karatA hai / zuklagati vAlA janma-maraNa se mukta ho jAtA hai / / ___dhammapada meM dharma ke do bhAga kie gae haiN| vahA~ likhA hai- "paNDita manuSya ko kRSNadharma ko chor3a zukla-dharma kA AcaraNa karanA caahiye|"5 pataJjali ne karma ko cAra jAtiyA~ batalAI thIM-(1) kRSNa, (2)zukla-kRSNa, (3) zukla aura (4) ashukl-akRssnn| ye kramazaH azuddhatara, azuddha, zuddha aura zuddhatara haiN| 1-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 28033 : SaD jIvavarNAH paramaM pramANa, kRSgo dhUmro nIlamathAsya madhyam / raktaM punaH sahyataraM sukhaM tu, hAridravarNaM susukhaM ca zuklam // 2-vahI, 280 / 34-47 / 3-vahI, 29114-5 / 4-gItA, 8 / 26: zuklakRSNe gatI hyate, jagataH zAzvate mate / ekayA yAtyanAvRtti manyayAvatate punaH // 5-dhammapada, paMDitavagga, zloka 19 /

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khaNDa : 1, prakaraNa : 6. 2-karmavAda aura lezyA 245 yogI kI karma-jAti 'azukla-akRSNa' hotI hai| zeSa tIna karma-jAtiyA~ saba jIvoM meM hotI haiN|' unakA karma kRSNa hotA hai, jinakA citta doSa-kaluSita yA krUra hotA hai / pIr3A aura anugraha donoM vidyAoM se mizrita karma 'zukla-kRSNa' kahalAtA hai| ye bAhyasAdhanoM ke dvArA sAdhya hote haiN| tapasyA, svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM nirata logoM ke karma kevala mana ke adhIna hote haiM / unameM bAhya sAdhanoM kI apekSA nahIM hotI aura na kisI ko pIr3A dI jAtI hai, isalie isa karma 'zukla' kahA jAtA hai / jo puNya ke phala kI bhI icchA nahIM karate, una kSINa kleza caramadeha yogiyoM ke azukla-akRSNa karma hotA hai| ___ zvetAzvatara aniSad meM prakRti ko lohita, zukla aura kRSNa kahA gayA hai| sAMkhya kaumudI ke anusAra rajoguNa se mana moha-raJjita hotA hai, isalie vaha lohita hai| sattvaguNa se mana mala-rahita hotA hai, isalie vaha zukla hai| svara-vijJAna meM bhI yaha batAyA gayA hai ki vibhinna tattvoM ke vibhinna varNa prANiyoM ko prabhAvita karate haiN| unake anusAra mUlataH prANatattva eka hai / aNuoM ke nyUnAdhika vega yA kampana ke anusAra usake pA~ca vibhAga hote haiM / unake nAma, raMga, AkAra Adi isa prakAra haiM nAma vega raMga AkAra rasa yA svAda - (1) pRthvI alpatara pIlA catuSkoNa madhura (2) jala .. alpa sapheda yA baiMganI arddhacandrAkAra kasailA (3) tejas tIvra trikoNa caraparA (4) vAyu tIvratara nIlA yA gola khaTTA AsamAnI (5) AkAza tIvratama kAlA yA anekavindu - kar3avA nIlAbha gola yA ( sarvavarNaka AkAra zUnya mizrita raMga) - 1-pAtaJjala yogasUtra, 47 / 2-vahI, 417 bhaajy| 3-zvetAzvatara upaniSad, 4 / 5 : ajA mekAM lohitazuklakRSNAM, bahvIH prajAH sRjamAnAM sarUpAH / ajo hya ko juSamANo'nuzete, jahAtthenAM bhuktabhogAmajo'nyaH // 4-sAMkhyakaumudI, pR0 200 / 5-zivasvarodaya, bhASA TIkA, zloka 156, pR0 42 : ApaH zvetA kSitiH pItA, raktavarNo hutAzanaH / mArato nIlajIbhUtaH, AkAzaH sarvavarNakaH //

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___ raMgoM se prANi-jagat prabhAvita hotA hai, isa satya kI ora jitane saMketa milate haiM, unameM lezyA kA vivaraNa sarvAdhika vizada aura suvyavasthita hai| lezyA kI paribhASA aura vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra ____ mana ke pariNAma azuddha aura zuddha-donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| unake nimitta bhI zuddha aura azuddha-donoM prakAra ke hote haiN| nimitta prabhAva DAlate haiM aura mana ke pariNAma unase prabhAvita hote haiN| isa prakAra ina donoM kA pArasparika sambandha hai| isIlie ina donoM ko 'lezyA'--nimitta ko dravya-lezyA aura mana ke pariNAma ko bhAvalazyA-kahA gayA hai| nimita banane vAle pudagala haiM, unameM varNa bhI hai, gaMdha bhI hai, rasa aura sparza bhI hai, phira bhI unakA nAmakaraNa varNa ke AdhAra para huA hai| mAnasika vicAroM kI azuddhi aura zuddhi ko kRSNa aura zuklavarNa ke dvArA abhivyakti dI jAtI rahI hai| isakA kAraNa yaha ho sakatA hai ki gaMdha Adi kI apekSA varNa mana ko adhika prabhAvita karatA hai| kRSNa, nIla aura kApota-ye tIna raMga azuddha mAne gae haiN| inase prabhAvita hone vAlI lezyAeM bhI isI prakAra vibhaka hotI haiN| kRSNa, nIla aura kApota-ye tIna adharma lezyAeM haiM / tejas, padma aura zukla-ye tIna dharma lezyAeM haiN| azuddhi aura zuddhi ke AdhAra para chaha lezyAoM kA vargIkaraNa, isa prakAra hai(1) kRSNalezyA azuddhatama kliSTatama (2) nIlalezyA azuddhatara kliSTatara (3) kApotalezyA azuddha kliSTa (4) tejasalezyA zuddha-. akliSTa (5) padmalezyA zuddhatara akliSTatara (6) zuklalezyA zuddhatama akliSTatama isa azuddhi aura zuddhi kA AdhAra kevala nimitta nahIM hai| nimitta aura upAdAna donoM mila kara kisI sthiti kA nirmANa karate haiN| azuddhi kA upAdAna hai-kaSAya kI tIvratA aura usake nimitta haiM-kRSNa, nIla aura kApota raMga vAle pudgala / zuddhi kA upAdAna hai--kaSAya ko mandatA aura usake nimitta haiM-rakta, pIta aura zveta raMga vAle pudgala / uttarAdhyayana (34 // 3) meM lezyA kA gyAraha prakAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai 1-uttarAdhyayana, 34 // 56 / 2-bahI, 34157 / 3-vahI, 34 / 3 /

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2-karmavAda aura lezyA 247 (2) nIla (4) tejas (6) zukla megha kI taraha kRSNa azoka kI taraha nIla alasI puSpa kI taraha maTamailA hiMgula kI taraha rakta haritAla kI taraha pIta zaGkha kI taraha shvet| khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : (1) nAma (1) kRSNa (3) kApota (5) padma (2) varNa (1) kRSNa(2) nIla - (3) kApota(4) tejas-- (5) padma (6) zukla(3) rasa (1) kRSNa(2) nIla(3) kApota(4) tejas(5) padma-- (6) zukla-3 (4) gaMdha (1) kRSNa(2) nIla(3) kApota(4) tejas(5) padma(6) zukla tumbe se ananta gunA kar3avA trikuTa (soMTha, pippala aura kAlI mirca) se ananta gunA tIkhA kerI se ananta gunA kasailA pake Ama se ananta gunA amla-madhura Asava se ananta gunA amla, kasailA aura madhura khajUra se ananta gunA madhura mRta sarpa kI gaMdha se ananta gunA amanojJa surabhi kusuma kI gandha se ananta gunA manojJa 1-uttarAdhyayana, 34 / 3 / 2-vahI, 34 // 4-9 / 3-vahI, 34 / 10-15 / 4-vahI, 34 / 16-17 /

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248 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (5) spaza (1) kRSNa- gAya kI jIbha se ananta gunA karkaza (2) nIla(3) kApota(4) tejas- navanIta se ananta gunA mRdu (5) padma (6) zukla' - (6) pariNAma (1) kRSNa- jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa (2) nIla(3) kApota(4) tejasa- jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa (5) padma(6) zukla2. jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa pariNAmoM ke tAratamya para vicAra karane se pratyeka lezyA ke nau-no pariNAma hote haiM (1) jaghanya- jaghanya, madhyama, utkRSTa (2) madhyama- jaghanya, madhyama, utkRSTa (3) utkRSTa- jaghanya. madhyama. utkaSTa isI prakAra sAta pariNAmoM kA jaghanya, madhyama aura utkRSTa ke trika se guNana karane para vikalpoM kI vRddhi hotI hai / jaise-643=27, 274381, 8143243 / isa prakAra mAnasika pariNAmoM kI taratamatA ke AdhAra para pratyeka lezyA ke aneka pariNamana hote haiN| (7) lakSaNa(1) kRSNa:-mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura azubha yoga-ina pA~ca AsravoM meM pravRtta honA, mana, vacana aura kAyA kA saMyama na karanA, jIva hiMsA meM rata rahanA, tIvra Arambha meM saMlagna rahanA, prakRti kI kSudratA, binA vicAre kAma karanA, krUra honA aura indriyoM para vijaya na paanaa| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 34 / 18-19 / 2-vahI, 34 / 20 / 3-vahI, 34 / 21-22 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa :9 2-karmavAda aura lezyA 249 nIla'- I, kadAgraha, chatpasditA, adidyA, mAyA, nirlajatA, gRddhi pradveSa, zaThatA pramAda, rasale lupatA, mukha kI gadeSaNA, Arambha meM rahanA, prakRti kI kSudratA aura binA vicAre kAma karanA / kApota'- vANI kI vakratA, AcaraNa kI vakratA, kATa, apane doSoM ko chAnA, mighyA dRSTi, makhola karanA, duSTa-vacana bolanA, corI karanA aura mAtsarya / tejas3- namra vyavahAra karanA, acAla honA, RjutA, kutUhala na karanA, vinaya meM nipuNa honA, jitendriyatA, mAnasika samAdhi, tapasvitA, dhAmika-prema, dhArmika dRr3hatA, pApa-rutA aura mukti kI gvessgaa| padma'- krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha kI alpatA, citta kI prazAnti, Atma-niyaMtraNa, samAdhi, alpabhASitA aura jitendriyatA / zukla5- dharma aura zukla dhyAna ko lInatA, cita kI prazAnti, Atma-niyaMtraNa, samyak pravRtti, mana, vacana aura kAyA kA saMyama tathA jitendriyatA / ___isa prasaMga meM gommaTasAra jIvakANDa ( gAthA 508-516 ) draSTavya hai / lezyAoM ke lakSaNoM ke sAtha sattva, rajam aura namas ke lAgoM kI AMzika tunA hotI hai / zaca, Astitya, zukla-dharma kI ruci vAlI buddhi -ye sattvaguNa ke lakSaNa haiM ; bahuta bolanA, mAna, krodha, dambha pora mAtArya-ye rajoguNa ke lakSaga haiM aura bhaya, ajJAna, nidrA, Alasya aura viSAda- ye tamoguNa ke lakSaNa haiM / / .1 uttarAdhyayana, 34 / 22-24 / 2-TahI, 34 / 25-26 / 3-vahI, 24 / 27-28 / 4-vaho; 34:29-30 / 5-vahI, 34 / 13 / 6 aTAMgahRdaya, zarIrasthAna, 3 / 37,38: sAtvika zaucamAstikyaM zudhamarucirmabhiH / rAjasaM bahubhASitvaM mAnakruddambhamatsaram // tAsaM bhayamajJAnaM, nidrAlasya vissaaditaa| iti bhUtabhayo deh'.....................||

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250 (2) nIla uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (5) sthAna (1) kRSNa- arakhyA (2) nIla - (3) kApota-- (4) tejasa- " (5) padma (6) zukla- " (6) sthitilezyA zvetAmbara digambara jaghanya utkRSTa jaghanya utkRSTa (1) kRSNa antarmuhurta 33 sAgara aura eka muhurta antarmuita 33 sAgara palyopama ke asaMkhyAtava bhAga adhika dasa sAgara " - 17 sAgara (3) kApota " palpopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga adhika tIna sAgara 7 sAgara (4) tejas // palyopama ke asaMkhyAtaveM bhAga adhika do sAgara 2 sAgara (5) padma " antarmuita adhika dasa sAgara " 18 sAgara (6) zukla " antarmuittaM adhika 33 sAgara " 33 sAgara (10) gati (1) kRSNa- durgatiH / (2) nIla(3) kApota(4) tejas- sugati5 (5) padma (6) zukla- , 1-uttarAdhyayana, 34 / 33 / 2-baho, 34 / 34-39 / 3-tatvArtha rAjavAtika, pR0 241 / 4-utarAdhyayana, 34 // 56 / 5-vahI, 34 // 57 /

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khaNDa 1, prakaraNa : 2-karmavAda aura lezyA 251 (11) Ayu-lezyA ke prArambhika aura antima samaya meM Ayu zeSa nahIM hotA, __kintu madhyakAla meM vaha zeSa hotA hai| yaha niyama saba lezyAoM ke lie samAna hai| tattvArtha rAjavArtika ( pR0 238 ) meM lezyA para solaha dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA gayA hai (1) nirdeza (5) karma (6) sAdhana (13) kAla (2) varNa (6) lakSaNa (10) saMkhyA (14) antara (3) pariNAma (7) gati (11) kSetra (15) bhAva (4) saMkrama (8) svAmitva (12) sparzana (16) alpa-bahutva bhagavatI, prajJApanA Adi AgamoM meM tathA uttaravartI granthoM meM lezyA kA jo vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai, use dekha kara sahaja hI yaha vizvAsa hotA hai ki jaina-AcArya lezyA-siddhAnta kI prasthApanA ke lie dUsare sampradAyoM ke RNI nahIM haiN| ___ manuSya kA zarIra paudgalika hai / jo paudgalika hotA hai, usameM raMga avazya hote haiN| isIlie saMbhava hai ki raMgoM ke AdhAra para vargIkaraNa karane kI pravRtti clii| mahAbhArata meM cAroM vargoM ke raMga bhinna-bhinna batalAe gae haiM / jaise--brAhmaNoM kA raMga zveta, kSatriyoM kA lAla, vaizyoM kA pIlA aura zUdroM kA kAlA / ' . jaina-sAhitya meM caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM ke bhinna-bhinna raMga batalAe gae haiN| padmaprabha aura vAsupUjya kA raMga lAla, candraprabha aura puSpadanta kA raMga zveta, muni suvrata aura ariSTanemi kA raMga kRga, malli aura pArza kA raMga nIla tayA zeSa solaha tIrthaGkaroM kA raMga sunahalA thaa| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 34158-60 / 2-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, 2885 : gAhmaNAnAM sitovarNaH, kSatriyANAM tu lohitaH / vaizyAnAM pItako vaNaH, zUdrANAmasitastathA // 3-amidhAna cintAmaNi, 1149 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana raMga-cikitsA ke AdhAra para bhI lezyA ke siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kI jA sakatI hai| raMgoM kI kamI se utpanna hone vAle roga raMgoM kI samucita pUrti hone para miTa jAte haiN| yaha unakA zArIrika prabhAva hai| isI prakAra raMgoM ke parivartana aura mAtrA-bheda se mana bhI prabhAvita hotA hai / isa prasaMga meM DaoN0 je0 sI0 TrasTa kI 'aNu aura AtmA' pustaka draSTavya hai|

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khaNDa-2

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prakaraNa : pahalA kathAnaka saMkramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra kA astitva-kAla I0 pU0 chaTho-pA~cIM zatAbdI ( 527-455) hai| usa samaya aneka mata pracalita the| sabhI dharma-pravartakoM kA apanA-apanA sAhitya thaa| usa sAhitya ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai (1) vaidika-sAhitya (2) jaina-sAhitya. (3) bauddha-sAhitya (4) zramaNa-sAhitya usa samaya sabhI sampradAya do dhArAoM meM baMTe hue the (1) vaidika (2) zramaNa vaidika-sampradAya ke antargata vedoM kA prAmANya svIkAra karane vAle kaI sampradAya the| zramaNa-sampradAya meM jaina, bauddha, Ajovaka, gairika, parivrAjaka Adi-Adi the| vaidikamAnyatA ke pratinidhi grantha veda sabase prAcIna mAne jAte haiN| kAlAnukrama se aneka RSimahaSiyoM ne 'bra hmaNa', 'AraNyaka', 'kalpasUtra' Adi ko racanAeM kIM aura vaidika-sAhitya ko apanI upalabdhiyoM se samRddha kiyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI kA saMgraha kara jana-AcAryo' ne use 'aGga' aura 'aGgabAhya' Agama ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA aura iro 'nigrantha-pravacana' kI saMjJA dii| .' mahAtmA buddha ke upadezoM ko saMgrahIta kara bauddha manISiyoM ne use 'tripiTaka' kI saMjJA dii| ____ bhagavAna mahAvIra aura mahAtmA buddha se pUrva jo vaidiketara-sAhitya thA use zramaNasAhitya kI zreNI meM rakhA gyaa| pro0 I0 lyUmena ne ise 'parivrAjaka-sAhitya' kahA aura DaoN. vinTaraniTz2a ne ise 'zrama ga-sAhitya' (Ascetic literature) kI saMjJA dii|' g. Some Problems of Indian Literature # 'Ascetic literature of ancient India', p. 21 ( Calcutta University Press 1925 ).

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256 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa zramaNa-sAhitya meM bhagavAn pArzva ke caudaha pUrvo' tathA AjIvaka Adi zramaNasampradAyoM ke sAhitya kA samAveza hotA hai| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika sAhitya meM isa prAcIna 'zramaNa-sAhitya' kI jhA~kI upalabdha hotI hai| DaoN. vinTaraniTaja ne likhA hai- 'jaina-Agama-sAhitya meM prAcIna bhArata ke zramaNasAhitya kA bahuta bar3A bhAga sandRbdha hai / zramaga-sAhitya kA kucha aMza bauddha-sAhitya tathA mahAkAvya aura purANoM meM bhI milatA hai|" prastuta carcA ____ uttara dhyayana ke aise aneka sthala haiM, jinakI tuTanA bauddha sAhitya tathA mahAbhArata se hotI hai| pAThaka ke mana meM sahaja hI yaha prazna ubharatA hai ki inameM pahale kauna ? isakA uttara prApta karane ke lie sambandhita sAhitya ke racanA-kAla kA nirNaya karanA mAvazyaka hai| bauddha pariSa (1) prathama pariSada buddha-parinirvANa ke cauthe mAsa meM huii| isa sabhA ko adhyakSatA mahAkAzyapa ne kI aura rAjagRha meM vaibhAragiri ke uttara-bhAga meM sthita saptaparNI guphA meM isakI kAryavAhI clii| isa sabhA meM bhAga lene vAle kSuioM kI saMkhyA 500 ke lagabhaga thii| mahAkAzyapa, upAli tathA Ananda ne isameM pradhAna rUpa se bhAga liyaa| isa pariSad ke do mukhya pariNAma niSpanna hue 1-upAli ke netRtva meM 'vinya' kA nizcaya / 2-Ananda ke netRtva meM 'dhamma' pATha kA nizcaya / (2) dUsarI paSid buda-parinirvANa ke 100 vA bAda vaizAlI ke bAlukArAma meM huii| isameM mAta so bhikSuoM ne bhAga liyaa| isa sabhA meM vinaya-sambandhI dasa bAtoM kA nirNaya kiyA gayA aura sAta sau bhikSuoM ne mahAsthavira revata ke netRtva meM 'dhamma' kA saMkaTana kiyaa| (3) tIsarI pariSad buddha-parinirvANa ke 236 varSa bAda azoka ke samaya meM pATaliputra ke azokArAma meM huii| isake sabhArati timma moggaliputra the / yaha pariSad 9 mahIne taka calI aura isameM buddha-vacanoM kA saMgAyana huA aura tissa mAgaliputta ne 2. The Jainas in the History of Indian Literature, p. 9: In the sacred texts of the Jainas a great part of the ascetic literature of arcient India is embodied which has also left its traces in Buddhist literature as well as in the Epics and puranas.

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khaNDa 2. prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 257 'kathAvastu' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| isa pariSad kI sabase bar3I upalabdhi yaha thI ki bauddha-dharma ke vyApaka pracAra ke lie aneka pracAraka saMsAra ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM bheje gae / yahIM se bauddha-dharma kA videzoM meM pracAra kA itivRtta prArambha huaa| (4) cauthI pariSad laMkA ke rAjA vaTTagAmaNi abhaya (I0 pU0 26-17) ke samaya meM huii| azoka ke samaya meM mahendra tathA anya bhikSu jisa tripiTaka ko laMkA le gae the, use tAr3apatroM para lekha-baddha kiyA gayA / mahAbhArata kA racanA-kAla maharSi vyAsa ne aThAraha purANoM kI racanA ke pazcAt 'bhArata' kI racanA kii| svayaM vyAsa ne bhI isakA ullekha kiyA hai| 3 __pArajITara ne purANa-kAla kI mImAMsA karate hue usako IsA pUrva havIM zatAbdI se IsavI san kI cauthI zatAbdI taka mAnA hai|" yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki mahAbhArata-yuddha I0 pU0 3101 meM huA thA aura usake lagabhaga eka zatAbdI bAda hI 'bhArata' kI racanA ho gayI thii| jAyasavAla ne mahAbhAratayuddha ko I0 pU0 1424 meM tathA pArajITara ne I0 pU0 650 meM mAnA hai| mUla 'bhArata' meM caubIsa hajAra zloka the| pAzcAtya vidvAn haoNpakinsa', vinTaraniTja , mekaDonala10, vinsenTasmitha'', moniyara 1-bharatasiMha upAdhyAya : pAli sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 86-100 / 2-matsyapurANa, 53170 : aSTAdazapurANAni, kRtvA satyavatIsutaH / bhAratAkhyAnamakhilaM, cakre tadupabRhitam // 3-mahAbhArata, Adiparva, 1154-64 / 4. Ancient Indian Historical Tradition, p. 334. 5-cintAmaNi vinAyaka vaidya : mahAbhArata mImAMsA, pR0 140,152 / 6-dekhie-Ancient Indian Htstorical Tradition, p. 182 tathA Foot note No. 3. 7-mahAbhArata, Adiparva, 13102 : caturvizatisAhatIM, cakre bhAratasaMhitAm / upAkhyAnavinA tAvad, bhArataM procyate budhaiH // 8. Cambridge History of India, Vol. 1, p. 258. EUR. History of Indian literature, Vol. 1, p. 465. 20. Sanskrit literature, p. 285-87. 11. Oxford History of India, p. 33.

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258 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana viliyamsa' Adi-Adi ne mahAbhArata kA nirmANa-kAla I0 pU0 500 se IsavI san kI cauthI zatAbdI taka mAnA hai| cintAmaNi vinAyaka vaidya upalabdha mahAbhArata ko sauti dvArA parivarddhita mAnate haiM aura usake kAla kI sImA I0 pU0 200 se I0 pU0 400 taka mAnate haiM / yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki mUla 'bhArata' meM aupadezika sAmagrI nahIM thii| vaha ekAntataH aitihAsika grantha thaa| Aja jo upadeza usameM saMkalita haiM, vaha samaya-samaya para jor3A gayA hai / usakA maulika aMza sAre grantha kA pA~cavA~ bhAga mAtra thaa| yahI mUla 'bhArata' hai| jaina-Agama anuyogadvAra ( I0 san pahalI zatAbdI) tathA nandI (I0 san tIsarI yA pA~cavI zatAbdI ) meM bhArata kA nAma AyA hai| bhArata kA nAma 'jaya' bhI rahA hai-aisI bhI mAnyatA hai / / mahAbhArata ke tIna rUpa milate haiM (1) mUla bhArata meM 88004 yA 12000 zloka the| vaizampAyana ne caubIsa hajAra kie aura anta meM sauti ne zaunaka ko sunaayaa| usa samaya zaunaka dvAdaza varSIya yajJa kara rahe the| unhoMne sauti se aneka prazna kie aura sauti ne una praznoM kA samAdhAna kiyaa| una sabhI praznoM aura utaroM kA isameM samAveza kara diyA gyaa| 'bhArata' kI zloka saMkhyA eka lAkha ho gii| (2) rAyacaudharI ne yaha mAnA hai ki mUla 'bhArata' caubIsa hajAra zloka kA thA / tadanantara usameM aneka upAkhyAna, pracalita sAhitya kI bahuvidha sAmagrI Adi kA prakSepa hotA rahA / yaha prakSepa lagabhaga IsA san kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI taka hotA rahA hai| (3) Ara0 sI0 majUmadAra ne mAnA hai ki mahAbhArata kisI eka vyakti yA eka kAla kI racanA nahIM hai| yaha IsA pUrva dUsarI se cautho zatAbdI kI racanA honI caahie| IsA kI tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI taka isameM prakSepa hote rahe haiM / 1-Indian Wisdom, p. 317. 2-mahAbhArata mImAMsA, pR0 140-152 / 3-mahAbhArataH (ka) 'jayo nAmetihAso'yam' / (kha) prathama evaM anya aneka parvo kA prArambha isa zloka se hotA hainArAyaNaM namaskRtya, naraM caiva narottamam / devI sarasvatIM vyAsaM, tato jayamudIrayet // 4-mahAbhArata, Adiparva, 181: / aSTau zlokasahasrANi, aSTau zlokazatAni ca / ahaM vedmi zuko vetti, saMjayo vetti vA na vA // 4. Studies in Indian Antiquities, p. 281-282. 6. Ancient India, p. 195.

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 256 jaina Agama-vAcanAe~ vIra-nirvANa se lagabhaga eka sahasrAbdI ke madhya meM Agama-saMkalana kI pA~ca vAcanAeM huI pahalI vAcanA-vIra-nirvANa kI dUsarI zatAbdI ( vI0 ni0 ke 160 varSa bAda ) meM pATaliputra meM bAraha varSa kA bhISaNa duSkAla pdd'aa| usa samaya zramaNa-saMgha chinna-bhinna ho gyaa| aneka zrutadhara kAla-kavalita ho ge| anyAnya aneka duvidhAoM ke kAraNa yathAvasthita sUtra-parAvartana nahIM ho sakA / ata: Agama-jJAna kI zRGkhalA TUTa-sI gaI / durbhikSa miTA / usa kAla meM vidyamAna aneka viziSTa AcArya pATaliputra meM ekatrita hue| gyAraha aGga ekatrita kie / usa samaya bArahave aGga 'dRSTivAda' ke ekamAtra jJAtA bhadrabAhu svAmI the aura ve nepAla meM 'mahAprANa-dhyAna' kI sAdhanA kara rahe the| saMgha ke vizeSa nivedana para unhoMne muni sthUlabhadra ko bArahaveM aGga kI vAcanA denA svIkAra kiyA / sthalabhadra muni adhyayana meM saMlagna ho ge| unhoMne 'dasa pUrva' artha sahita sIkha lie / 'gyArahava pUrva kI vAcanA cAlU thI / bahinoM ko camatkAra dikhAne ke lie unhoMne siMha kA rUpa bnaayaa| bhadrabAha ne ise jAna liyaa| Age vAcanA banda kara dii| phira vizeSa Agraha karane para antima 'cAra pUrvo' kI vAcanA dii| kintu artha nahIM btaayaa| artha kI dRSTi se antima zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu hue| sthUlabhadra zAbdika-dRSTi se caudaha-pUrvI hue, kintu ArthI-dRSTi se dasa-pUrvI hI rhe| ___ dUsarI vAcanA-Agama-saMkalana kA dUsarA prayatna IsA pUrva dUsarI zatAbdI ke madhya meM huaa| cakravartI khAravela jaina-dharma kA ananya upAsaka thaa| usake suprasiddha hAthIgumphA abhilekha meM yaha upalabdha hotA hai ki usane ur3IsA ke kumArI parvata para jaina-zramaNoM kA eka saMgha bulAyA aura mauryakAla meM jo aGga ucchinna ho gae the, unheM upasthita kiyaa| - tIsarI vAcanA-Agama-saMkalana kA tIsarA prayatna vIra-nirvANa 827 aura 840 ke madhyakAla meM huaa| usa kAla meM bAraha varSa kA bhISaNa duSkAla pdd'aa| bhikSA milanA atyanta duSkara ho gyaa| sAdhu chinna-bhinna ho ge| ve AhAra kI ucita gaveSaNA meM dUra-dUra dezoM kI ora cala pdd'e| aneka bahuzruta tathA Agamadhara muni divaMgata ho ge| bhikSA kI ucita prApti na hone ke kAraNa Agama kA adhyayana, adhyApana, dhAraNa aura pratyAvartana sabhI avaruddha ho gae / dhIre-dhIre zruta kA hrAsa hone lgaa| atizAyI zruta kA nAza huaa| 1. Journal of the Bihar and Orissa Research Society, Vol. XIII, p. 236.

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260 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . aGga aura upAGgoM kA artha se hrAsa huaa| usakA bhI bahuta bar3A bhAga naSTa ho gyaa| bAraha varSa ke isa durbhikSa ke bAda zramaNa-saMgha skandilAcArya kI adhyakSatA meM mathurA meM ekatrita huA / aneka-aneka zramaNa usameM sammilita hue| usa samaya jina-jina zramaNoM ko jitanA-jitanA smRti meM thA, usakA anusaMdhAna kiyaa| isa prakAra 'kAlika sUtra' aura 'pUrvagata' ke kucha aMza kA saMkalana huaa| mathurA meM hone ke kAraNa use 'mAthurI vAcanA' kahA gayA / yuga-pradhAna AcArya skandila ne usa saMkalita-zruta ke artha kI anuziSTi dI, ataH vaha anuyoga skandilI vAcanA' bhI khlaayaa| ___ matAntara ke anusAra yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki durbhikSa ke kAraNa kiMcid bhI zruta naSTa nahIM huaa| usa samaya sArA zruta vidyamAna thaa| kintu AcArya skandila ke atirikta zeSa sabhI anuyogadhara muni kAla-kavalita ho gae the| durbhikSa kA anta hone para AcArya skandila ne mathurA meM puna: anuyoga kA pravartana kiyaa| isIlie use 'mAthurI vAcanA' kahA gayA aura vaha sArA anuyoga skandila sambandhI ginA gayA / ' cauthI vAcanA-isI samaya ( vIra-nirvANa saM0 827-840 ) vallabhI meM AcArya nAgArjuna kI adhyakSatA meM saMgha ekatrita huaa| kintu zramaNa bIca-bIca meM bahuta kucha bhUla cuke the / zruta kI sampUrNa vyavacchitti na ho jAya isalie jo kucha smRti meM thA, use saMkalita kiyA / use 'vallabhI vAcanA' yA 'nAgArjunIya vAcanA' kahA gyaa| pA~cavIM vAcanA-vIra-nirvANa kI dasavIM zatAbdI (980 yA 663) meM devarddhigaNI kSamAzramaNa kI adhyakSatA meM vallabhI meM punaH zramaNa-saMgha ekatrita huaa| smRti-daurbalya, parAvartana kI nyUnatA, dhRti kA hrAsa aura paramparA kI vyavacchitti Adi-Adi kAraNoM se zruta kA adhikAMza bhAga naSTa ho cukA thaa| kintu ekatrita muniyoM ko avaziSTa zruta kI nyUna yA avika, truTita yA atruTita jo kucha smRti thI, usakI vyavasthita saMkalanA kI gii| devarddhigaNI ne apanI buddhi se usakI saMyojanA kara use pustakArUr3ha kiyaa| mAthurI tathA vallabhI vAcanAoM ke kaMThagata AgamoM ko ekatrita kara unheM ekarUpatA dene kA prayAsa kiyA gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt eka hajAra varSoM meM ghaTita mukhya ghaTanAoM kA samAveza yatra-tatra AgamoM meM kiyA gyaa| jahA~-jahA~ samAna AlApakoM kA bAra-bAra punarAvartana hotA thA, unheM saMkSipta kara eka-dUsare kA pUrti-saMketa eka-dUsare Agama meM kara diyA gyaa| yaha vAcanA vallabhI nagara meM huI, ataH ise 'vallabhI vAcanA' kahA gayA hai / ... 1-(ka) naMdI cUrNi, pR0 8 / (kha) naMdI, gAthA 33, malayagiri vRtti, patra 51 / .

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa:1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa sadRza kathAnaka bauddha-granthoM, mahAbhArata tathA jaina-granthoM meM aneka kathAnaka AMzika rUpa se samAna milate haiM / uttarAdhyayana meM aise aneka kathAnaka haiM, jo bauddha -granthoM tathA mahAbhArata meM bhI upalabdha haiM / jaise (1) uttarAdhyayana adhyayana 12 kI kathAvastu jAtaka 467 meM / (2) uttarAdhyayana adhyayana 13 kI kathAvastu jAtaka 468 meM / (3) uttarAdhyayana adhyayana 14 kI kathAvastu jAtaka 506 meM tathA mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyayana 175 evaM 277 meM / (4) uttarAdhyayana adhyayana 6 kI AMzika tulanA jAtaka 536 tathA mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 178 evaM 276 se hotI hai| aba hama jaina, bauddha tathA vaidika prasaMgoM ko avikala prastuta karate hue unakI samIkSA kreNge| harikezabala (adhyayana 12) mathurA nagarI meM rAjA zaGkha rAjyA karate the| unhoMne sthavira muniyoM ke pAsa dharma sunaa| mana vairAgya se bhara gyaa| ve muni bne| kAlakrama se gItArtha hue| eka bAra grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate hue hastinApura Ae aura bhikSA ke lie nagara kI ora cle| grAma praveza ke do mArga the| eka kA nAma hutAzana-mArga thaa| vaha atyanta uSNa aura jalate aMgAroM jaisA thaa| uSNakAla meM usa mArga se koI nahIM A-jA sakatA thaa| jo koI anajAna meM usa mArga kI ora calA jAtA, vaha mara jAtA thaa| muni ne nikaTa ke eka makAna ke gavAkSa meM baiThe somadeva brAhmaNa se pUchA-"kyA maiM isa mArga se calA jAUM ?" brAhmaNa yaha soca kara ki isa hutAzana-mArga se jAte hue muni ko hama jalatA dekha sakeMge, kahA-"hA~, Apa isI mArga se jaaie|" .' 'muni nizchala-bhAva se usI mArga se cala pdd'e| ve labdhi-sampanna the| unake pAda-sparza se mArga ThaNDA ho gayA / brAhmaNa ne muni ko zAnta-bhAva se dhIre-dhIre jAte dekhA aura vaha bhI usI mArga se cala pdd'aa| mArga ko barpha jaisA ThaNDA dekha usane socA-aho ! maiM pApI huuN| azubha saMkalpa se maiMne pApAcaraNa kiyA hai| muni mahAn haiN| inhIM ke prabhAva se yaha agni-jaisA mArga bhI hima-sparza vAlA ho gayA hai| vaha muni ke samIpa gyaa| bhAva-yukta praNAma kara bolA-"bhagavan ! maiM pApI huuN| maiMne pApa-karma kiyA hai / usase kaise chuTakArA pA sakatA huuN|" muni ne saMsAra kI asAratA kA upadeza diyA, kaSAya kA vipAka batAyA, dharmAnuSThAna ke phala kA nirUpaNa kiyA, nirvANa-sukha kI prazaMsA kI aura zramaNa-dharma evaM

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262 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana usake AdhArabhUta samyaktva kI zikSA dii| somadeva meM virakti ke bhAva jge| vaha muni bana gyaa| usane dharma-zikSA grahaNa kI aura zrAmaNya kA pAlana karane lgaa| kintu "maiM uttama jAtIya hU~"-yaha jAti-garva usameM banA rhaa| vaha rUpa, aizvarya Adi kA bhI mada karane lgaa| vaha nahIM socatA thA ki saMsAra meM aisI kyA vastu hai jisa para garva kiyA jaay| jo kucha zubha yA azubha hotA hai, vaha saba karmoM ke prabhAva se hotA hai| kahA bhI hai suro vi kukkuro hoi, raMko rAyA vi jaaye| dio vi hoi mAyaMgo, saMsAre kmmdoso|| na sA jAI na sA joNI, na taM ThANaM na taM kulaM / na jAyA na muyA jattha, samve jIvA annNtso|| -karma ke prabhAva se deva kukkura bana jAtA hai, raMka rAjA ho jAtA hai, brAhmaNa mAtaMga ho jAtA hai| aisI koI bhI jAti yA yoni nahIM hai, aisA koI bhI sthAna yA kula nahIM hai, jahA~ jIva na marA ho yA utpanna na huA ho| , utamattaM guNehi ceva pAvijjaI Na jaaiie| -uttamatA guNoM se prApta hotI hai, jAti se nahIM / somadeva mara kara deva banA / devatA kA AyuSya pUrA kara vaha vahA~ se cyuta huaa| mRta gaMgA nadI ke taTa para balakoTTa nAmaka harikeza rahate the| unake adhipati kA nAma balakoTTa thaa| usake do patniyA~ thoM-gorI aura gNdhaarii| somadeva kA jIva gorI ke garbha meM putra rUpa meM aayaa| gorI ne svapna meM vasantaRtu aura phale-phUle Ama vRkSa ko dekhaa| svapna-zAstriyoM ne kahA- "tuma eka viziSTa putra ko janma dogii|" nau mAsa bIte / usane putra ko janma diyaa| pUrva bhava ke jAti-bheda ke kAraNa vaha atyanta kurUpa aura kAlA thaa| balakoTToM meM utpanna hone ke kAraNa usakA nAma 'bala' rakhA gyaa| vaha atyanta krodhI thaa| .. vasantotsava kA samaya thaa| sabhI loga utsava meM magna the| loga bhoja meM bhojana kara rahe the| surApAna cala rahA thaa| logoM ne bAlaka 'bala' ko apriyakArI aura krodhI mAna apane samUha se alaga kara diyaa| vaha dUra jA khar3A ho gayA aura utsava ko dekhane lgaa| itane meM hI eka bhayaMkara sarpa niklaa| sahasA sabhI uTha khar3e hue aura sarpa ko mAra DAlA / kucha hI kSaNoM bAda eka nirviSa sarpa niklaa| loga bhayabhIta ho utthe| use nirviSa samajha chor3a diyA / bala ne socA-"prANI apane hI doSoM se duHkha pAtA hai / sarpa

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa saviSa thA, vaha apane hI doSa se mArA gyaa| nirviSa sarpa ko logoM ne chor3a diyaa| kahA hai bhaddaeNeva hoyavvaM, pAvati bhaddANi bhddo| saviso hammati sappo, bheruMDo tattha muccati // -prANI ko bhadraka honA caahie| bhadraka vyakti ko sarvatra sukha milatA hai| sarpa saviSa hone ke kAraNa mArA jAtA hai aura bheruMDa nirviSa hone ke kAraNa nahIM mArA jaataa| niyaguNadosehiM saMpaya-vivayAo hoMti purisANaM / tA ujjhiUNa dose, eNhi pi guNe payAsemi // --manuSya apane hI guNoM se saMpadAoM ko arjita karatA hai aura apane hI doSoM se vipattiyA~ pAtA hai / ataH maiM doSoM ko chor3a kara guNoM ko prakaTa kruuNgaa|" cintana Age bddh'aa| jAti-smaraNa jJAna utpanna huaa| jAti-mada ke vipAka kA citra sAmane aayaa| virakti ke bhAva umdd'e| sAdhu ke samakSa dharma sunA aura pravajita ho gyaa| ___ muni harikezabala sAdhu-dharma ko svIkAra karake ghora tapasyA karane lge| tapasyA se sArA zarIra sUkha gyaa| eka bAra ve vArANasI pAe / teMduka udyAna meM tthhre| vahA~ 'gaMDotiMduga' yakSa kA maMdira thaa| vaha yakSa muni kI upAsanA karane lgaa| eka bAra eka dUsarA yakSa vahA~ AyA aura gaMDItiduga yakSa se pUchA-"Aja kala dikhAI nahIM dete ?" usane kahA-"ye mahAtmA mere udyAna meM Thahare haiN| sArA dina inakI hI upAsanA meM bItatA hai|" vaha Agantuka yakSa muni ke caritra se pratibuddha huA aura bolA-"mitra ! aise muni kA sAnnidhya pAkara tuma kRtArtha ho / mere udyAna meM bhI katipaya muni Thahare haiN| calo, unheM vaMdanA kara aaeN|" donoM yakSa vahA~ ge| unhoMne dekhA ki aneka sAdhu vikathAe~ kara rahe haiM / kaI strI-kathA meM, kaI janapada-kathA meM Asakta haiN| unakA mana khinna ho gyaa| ve muni harikezabala meM anurakta ho gae / kucha kAla biitaa| ___ eka bAra vArANasI ke rAjA kauzalika kI putrI bhadrA yakSa kI pUjA karane apane dAsiyoM ke sAtha vahA~ AI / yakSa kI pUjA kara vaha pradakSiNA karane lgii| acAnaka hI usakI dRSTi dhyAnalIna muni para jA ttikii| unake maile kapar3e, tapasyA se kRza tathA rUpa-lAvaNya rahita zarIra ko dekha usake mana meM ghRNA ho aaii| Aveza meM A usane muni para thUka ddaalaa| yakSa ne yaha dekhaa| usane socA-yaha pApinI hai| isane muni kI avahelanA kI hai| vaha yakSa usake zarIra meM praviSTa ho gyaa| kumArI pAgala kI taraha bakane lgii| dAsiyA~ jyoM-tyoM use rAjamahala meM le gii| rAjA ne kumArI kI avasthA

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264 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dekhii| vaha atyanta vicalita ho gyaa| usane upacAra ke lie gAruDika Adi bulAe / vaidya bhI Ae / upacAra prArambha huaa| kucha bhI lAbha nahIM huaa| tAMtrika tathA yAMtrikoM ne prayAsa kiyaa| vaha bhI niSphala rhaa| rAjA kI AkulatA bar3hI / yakSa ne kahA- "isa kumArI ne sAdhu kI avahelanA kI hai| yadi isakA pANigrahaNa usI muni ke sAtha kiyA jAya to maiM ise chor3a sakatA hU~, anyathA nhiiN|" rAjA ne kumArI ke jIvita rahane kI AzA se yakSa kI bAta svIkAra kara lii| kumArI ko vivAha ke upayukta vastra aura AbhUSaNa pahanAe ge| rAjA vivAha kI samasta sAmagrI le yakSa-mandira meM phuNcaa| muni ko vandanA kI aura prArthanA ke svaroM meM kahA-"maharSe ! merI kanyA ko svIkAra kro|" muni ne kahA-'rAjan ! maiM mumukSu huuN| aisI bAteM yahA~ nahIM karanI caahie| jo muni eka vasati meM strI ke sAtha bhI nahIM rahate, ve bhalA strI ke sAtha pANigrahaNa kaise kareMge ? muni mokSa ke icchuka hote haiN| ve zAzvata sukha ko cAhate haiM / ve bhalA striyoM meM kaise Asakta ho sakate haiM ?" . . kanyA ko muni-caraNoM meM chor3a rAjA apane sthAna para A gyaa| yakSa kA dveSa ubhara aayaa| usane muni ko Acchanna kara kabhI divya rUpa aura kabhI muni rUpa banA kara use tthgaa| vaha rAta bhara aisA hI karatA rhaa| prabhAta haa| kanyA ne pUrva-ghaTita ghaTanA ko svapna mAtra maanaa| vaha akelI apane pitA ke pAsa phuNcii| rAta ko sArI bAta unase kahI / yaha suna kara purohita rudradeva ne kahA- "rAjan ! yaha RSi-patnI hai| RSi ke dvArA tyakta hone ke kAraNa vaha brAhmaNa kI sampati ho jAtI hai| Apa ise kisI brAhmaNa ko de deN|" rAjA ne use hI vaha kanyA sauMpa dii| vaha usake sAtha viSaya-bhoga karatA huA rahane lgaa| kucha kAla biitaa| purohita ne yajJa kiyaa| bhadrA ko yajJa-pattI bnaayaa| usa yajJa meM bhAga lene ke lie dUra-dUra se vidvAn bulAe ge| una sabake lie pracura bhojana-sAmagrI ekatrita kI gii| usa samaya muni harikezabala eka-eka mAsa kA tapa kara rahe the| pAraNe ke dina ve bhikSA ke lie ghara-ghara ghUmate hue usI yajJa-maNDapa meM jA phuNce|' ___ vaha tapa se kRza ho gaye the| unake upadhi aura upakaraNa prAnta ( jIrNa aura malina ) the / use Ate dekha, ve anArya (brAhmaNa) ha~se / jAti-mada se matta, hiMsaka, ajitendriya, abrahmacArI aura ajJAnI brAhmaNoM ne paraspara isa prakAra kahA "vIbhatsa rUpa vAlA, kAlA, vikarAla aura bar3I nAka vAlA, adhanaMgA, pAMzu-pizAca 1-sukhabodhA, patra 173-175 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 265 (cuDaila) sA, gale meM saMkara-dUSya (ukuraDI se uThAyA huA cithar3A) DAle hue vaha kauna A rahA hai ? "o adarzanIya mUrti ! tuma kauna ho ? kisa AzA se yahA~ Ae ho ? adhanaMge tuma pAMzu-pizAca (cuDaila) se laga rahe ho / jAo, A~khoM se pare cale jAo ! yahA~ kyoM khar3e ho ?" ___ usa samaya mahAmuni harikezabala kI anukampA karane vAlA tinduka ( AbanUsa) vRkSa kA vAsI yakSa apane zarIra kA gopana kara muni ke zarIra meM praveza kara isa prakAra bolA__"maiM zramaNa hU~, saMyamI hU~, brahmacArI hU~, dhana va pacana-pAcana aura parigraha se virata huuN| yaha bhikSA kA kAla hai / maiM sahaja niSpanna bhojana pAne ke lie yahA~ AyA huuN| ___"Apake yahA~ para yaha bahuta sArA bhojana diyA jA rahA hai, khAyA jA rahA hai aura bhogA jA rahA hai| maiM bhikSA-jIvI hU~, yaha Apako jJAta honA caahie| acchA hI hai kucha bacA bhojana isa tapasvI ko mila jaae|" somadeva ne kahA-"yahA~ jo bhojana banA hai, vaha kevala brAhmaNoM ke lie hI banA hai / vaha eka-pAkSika hai-abrAhmaNa ko adeya hai| aisA anna-pAna hama tumheM nahIM deMge, phira yahA~ kyoM khar3e ho ?" ___ yakSa ne kahA-"acchI upaja kI AzA se kisAna jaise sthala (U~cI bhUmi) meM bIja vote haiM, vaise hI nIcI bhUmi meM bote haiN| isI zraddhA se (apane Apako nimna bhUmi aura mujhe sthala tulya mAnate hue bhI tuma) mujhe dAna do, puNya kI ArAdhanA kro| yaha kSetra hai, bIja khAlI nahIM jaaegaa|" somadeva ne kahA- "jahA~ boe hue sAre ke sAre bIja uga jAte haiM, ve kSetra isa loka meM hameM jJAta haiN| jo brAhmaNa jAti aura vidyA se yukta haiM, ve hI puNya kSetra haiN|" - yakSa ne kahA- "jinameM krodha hai, mAna hai, hiMsA hai, jhUTha hai, corI hai aura parigraha hai--ve brAhmaNa jAti-vihIna, vidyA-vihIna aura pApa-kSetra haiN| "he brAhmaNo ! isa saMsAra meM tuma kevala vANI kA bhAra Dho rahe ho| vedoM ko par3ha kara bhI unakA artha nahIM jaante| jo muni ucca aura nIca gharoM meM bhikSA ke lie jAte haiM, ve hI puNya-kSetra haiN|" somadeva ne kahA-"o ! adhyApakoM ke pratikUla bolane vAle sAdha ! hamAre samakSa tU kyA bar3ha-bar3ha kara bola rahA hai ? he nirgrantha ! yaha anna-pAna bhale hI sar3a kara naSTa ho jAe, kintu tujhe nahIM deNge|" 4

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ... yakSa ne kahA-"maiM samitiyoM se samAhita, guptiyoM se gupta aura jitendriya huuN| yaha eSaNIya (vizuddha) AhAra yadi tuma mujhe nahIM doge, to ina yajJoM kA Aja tumheM kyA lAbha hogA ?" ... somadeva ne kahA-"yahA~ kauna hai kSatriya, rasoiyA, adhyApaka yA chAtra, jo DaNDe aura phala se pITa, galahatthA de isa nirgrantha ko yahA~ se bAhara nikAle ?' . ___ adhyApakoM kA vacana suna kara bahuta se kumAra udhara daudd'e| vahA~ A DaNDoM, beMtoM aura cAbukoM se usa RSi ko pITane lge| - rAjA kauzalika kI sundara putrI bhadrA yajJa-maNDapa meM muni ko pratAr3ita hote dekha kruddha kumAroM ko zAnta karane lgii| - bhadrA ne kahA- "rAjAoM aura indroM se pUjita yaha vaha RSi hai, jisane merA tyAga kiyaa| devatA ke abhiyoga se prerita hokara rAjA dvArA maiM dI gaI, kintu jisane mujhe mana se bhI nahIM caahaa| "yaha vahI ugra tapasvI, mahAtmA, jitendriya, saMyamI aura brahmacArI hai, jisane mujhe mere pitA rAjA kauzalika dvArA die jAne para bhI nahIM caahaa| , "yaha mahAn yazasvI hai| mahAn anubhAga (acintya-zakti) se sampanna hai / ghora vratI hai| ghora parAkramI hai| isakI avahelanA mata karo, yaha avahelanIya nahIM hai| kahIM yaha apane teja se tuma logoM ko bhasmasAt na kara DAle ?" - somadeva purohita kI patnI bhadrA ke subhASita vacanoM ko suna kara yakSoM ne RSi kA vayAvRttya (paricaryA) karane ke lie kumAroM ko bhUmi para girA diyaa| - ve ghora rUpa vAle yakSa AkAza meM sthira hokara una chAtroM ko mArane lge| unake zarIroM ko kSata-vikSata aura unheM rudhira kA vamana karate dekha bhadrA phira kahane lagI- "jo isa bhikSu kA apamAna kara rahe haiM, ve nakhoM se parvata khoda rahe haiM, dA~toM se lohe ko cabA rahe haiM aura pairoM se agni ko pratAr3ita kara rahe haiN| __ "yaha maharSi AzIviSa-labdhi se sampanna hai| una tapasvI hai| ghora vratI aura ghora parAkramI hai / jo bhikSA ke samaya bhikSu kA vadha kara rahe haiM, ve pataMga-senA kI bhA~ti agni meM jhaMpApAta kara rahe haiN| "yadi tuma jIvana aura dhana cAhate ho to saba mila kara sira jhukA kara isa muni kI zaraNa meM Ao / kupita hone para yaha samUce saMsAra ko bhasma kara sakatA hai|" una chAtroM ke sira pITha kI ora jhuka ge| unakI bhujAe~ phaila gii| ve niSkriya ho ge| unakI A~kheM khulI kI khulI raha gii| unake muMha se rudhira nikalane lgaa| unake mu~ha Upara ko ho ge| unakI jIbhai ora netra bAhara nikala aaeN|

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267 khaNDa : 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa una chAtroM ko kATha kI taraha nizceSTa dekha kara vaha somadeva brAhmaNa udAsa aura ghabarAyA huA apanI patnI sahita muni ke pAsa A unheM prasanna karane lagA-"bhante ! hamane jo avahelanA aura nindA kI use kSamA kreN| __"bhante ! mUr3ha bAlakoM ne ajJAnavaza jo ApakI avahelanA kI, use Apa kSamA kreN| RSi mahAn prasannacitta hote haiM / muni kopa nahIM kiyA karate / " ___ muni ne kahA-"mere mana meM koI pradveSa na pahale thA, na abhI hai aura na Age bhI hogaa| kintu yakSa merA vaiyAvRttya kara rahe haiM / isIlie ye kumAra pratADita hue|" somadeva ne kahA- "artha aura dharma ko jAnane vAle bhUti-prajJa ( maMgala-prajJA yukta) Apa kopa nahIM krte| isalie hama saba mila kara Apake caraNoM kI zaraNa le rahe haiM / . "mahAbhAga ! hama ApakI arcA karate haiN| ApakA kucha bhI aisA nahIM hai, jisakI hama arcA na kareM / Apa nAnA vyaMjanoM se yukta cAvala-niSpanna bhojana le kara khaaie| __ "mere yahA~ yaha.pracura bhojana par3A hai| hameM anugRhIta karane ke lie Apa kucha khaaeN|" mahAtmA harikezavala ne hA~ bhara lI aura eka mAsa kI tapasyA kA pAraNA karane ke lie bhakta-pAna kiyaa| devoM ne vahA~ sugandhita jala, puSpa aura divya dhana kI varSA kii| AkAza meM dundubhi bajAI aura 'aho dAnam' (AzcaryakArI dAna)-isa prakAra kA ghoSa kiyaa| ___ yaha pratyakSa hI tapa kI mahimA dIkha rahI hai, jAti kI koI mahimA nahIM hai / jo aisI mahAn acintya zakti se sampanna hai, vaha harikeza muni cANDAla kA putra hai| muni ne kahA-"brAhmaNo ! agni kA samArambha (yajJa) karate hue tuma bAhara se ( jala se.) zuddhi kI kyA mA~ga kara rahe ho ? jisa zuddhi kI bAhara se mA~ga kara rahe ho, use kuzala loga sudRSTa (samyagdarzana) nahIM kahate / __"darbha, yUpa (yajJa-stambha), tRNa, kASTha aura agni kA upayoga karate hue, saMdhyA aura prAtaHkAla meM jala kA sparza karate hue, prANoM aura bhUtoM kI hiMsA karate hue, maMda-buddhi * vAle tuma bAra-bAra pApa karate ho|" _____somadeva ne kahA- "he bhikSo ! hama kaise pravRtta hoM ? yajJa kaise kareM? jisase pApakarmoM kA nAza kara skeN| yakSa-pUjita saMyata ! Apa hameM batAe~--kuzala puruSoM ne suiSTa (zreSTha-yajJa) kA vidhAna kisa prakAra kiyA hai ?" . ____ muni ne kahA-"mana aura indriyoM kA damana karane vAle chaha jIva-nikAya kI hiMsA nahIM karate ; asatya aura caurya kA sevana nahIM karate ; parigraha, strI, mAna aura mAyA kA parityAga kara ke vicaraNa karate haiN|

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268 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . .. "jo pA~ca saMvaroM se susaMvRtta hotA hai, jo asaMyama-jIvana kI icchA nahIM karatA, jo kAya kA vyutsarga karatA hai, jo zuci hai aura jo deha kA tyAga karatA hai, vaha mahAjayI zreSTha yajJa karatA hai|" : somadeva ne kahA-"bhikSo ! tumhArI jyoti kauna-sI hai ? tumhArA jyoti-sthAna (agni-sthAna) kauna-sA hai ? tumhAre ghI DAlane kI karachiyA~ kauna-sI haiM ? tumhAre agni ko jalAne ke kaNDe kauna-se haiM ? tumhAre iMdhana aura zAnti-pATha kauna-se haiM ? aura kisa homa se tuma jyoti ko huta (prINita) karate ho?" muni ne kahA-"tapa jyoti hai| jIva jyoti-sthAna hai| yoga (mana, vacana aura kAyA kI sat pravRtti) ghI DAlane kI karachiyA~ haiN| zarIra agni * jalAne ke kaNDe haiN| karma iMdhana hai / saMyama kI pravRtti zAnti-pATha hai| isa prakAra maiM RSi prazasta (ahiMsaka) homa karatA huuN|" __ somadeva ne kahA-"ApakA nada (jalAzaya) kauna-sA hai ? ApakA zAnti-tIrtha kaunasA hai ? Apa kahA~ nahA kara karma-raja dhote haiM ? he yakSa-pUjita saMyata ! hama Apase jAnanA cAhate haiM-Apa btaaie|" muni ne kahA- "akulaSita evaM prAtmA kA prasanna-lezyA vAlA dharma merA nada (jalAzaya) hai| brahmacarya merA zAnti-tIrtha hai| jahA~ nahA kara maiM vimala, vizuddha aura suzItala hokara karma-raja kA tyAga karatA huuN| __"yaha snAna, kuzala puruSoM dvArA dRSTa hai| yaha mahA snAna hai| ataH RSiyoM ke lie yahI prazasta hai / isa dharma-nada meM nahAe hue maharSi vimala aura vizuddha ho kara uttama-sthAna (mukti) ko prApta hue|' -uttarAdhyayana 12 / 4-47 / mAtaGga jAtaka ka. vartamAna kathA usa samaya AyuSmAna piNDola-bhAradvAja jetavana se AkAza-mArga se jA bahuta karake kosAmbI meM udayana-nareza ke udyAna meM hI dina bitAne ke lie jAte / pUrva-janma meM sthavira ne rAjya karate hue dIrghakAla taka usI udyAna meM bar3I maNDalI ke sAtha sampatti kA majA lUTA thaa| vaha usa pUrva (janma ke) paricaya ke kAraNa vahIM dina bitAne ke lie raha, phalasamApatti sukha meM samaya bitaate| eka dina jaba vaha supuSpita zAlavRkSa ke nIce jAkara baiThe the, udayana saptAha bhara mahAna pAna pI 'udyAna-krIr3A khelane ke lie' bar3I maNDalI ke sAtha udyAna pahuMcA aura maMgala zilA para eka strI ko goda meM leTA-leTA

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khaNDa 2. prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 266 zarAba ke naze ke kAraNa so gyaa| jo striyA~ baiThI gA rahI thIM unhoMne vAdya chor3e aura udyAna jA phala-phUla cunane lgoN| jaba unhoMne sthavira ko dekhA to jAkara praNAma kara baitthoN| sthavira baiThe dharma-kathA kaha rahe the| usa strI ne bhI deha hilAkara rAjA ko jagA diyA / usane pUchA- "ve caNDAlaniyA~ kahA~ gaI ?" uttara diyA- "eka zramaNa ko ghera kara baiThI haiN|" vaha gussA huA aura jAkara sthavira ko burA bhalA khaa| phira 'acchA, zramaNa ko lAla cITiyoM se kaTavAtA hU~' kaha sthavira ke zarIra para lAla cIMToM kA donA chur3avA diyaa| sthavira ne AkAza meM khar3e ho use upadeza diyaa| phira jetavana meM gandhakuTI ke dvAra para hI utare / tathAgata ne pUchA-kahA~ se Aye ? vaha samAcAra khaa| zAstA ne 'bhAradvAja ! na kevala abhI udayana pravajitoM ko kaSTa detA hai, isane pUrvajanma meM diyA hI hai' kaha usake prArthanA karane para pUrvajanma kI kathA khii| kha. atIta kathA pUrva samaya meM vArANasI meM brahmadatta ke rAjya karane ke samaya bodhisatva nagara ke bAhara cANDAla-yoni meM paidA hue| unakA nAma rakhA gayA maatngg| Age cala kara bar3e hone para mAtaGga-paNDita nAma se prasiddha hue| ___usa samaya vArANasI seTha kI eka lar3akI ( diTThamaMgalikA ) zakuna mAnane vAlI thii| vaha eka-do mahIne meM eka bAra bar3I maNDalI ke sAtha bAga meM udyAna-krIr3A ke lie jaatii| eka dina bodhisatva kisI kAma se nagara meM jA rahe the| bodhisatva ne nagara meM praveza karate samaya nagara-dvAra ke bhItara diTThamaGgalikA ko dekhaa| vaha eka ora jA, laga kara khar3A huaa| diTThamaGgalikA ne kanAta meM se dekha kara pUchA--"yaha kauna hai ?" ..."AyeM ! cANDAla hai|" "na dekhane yogya dRzya dikhAI dete haiM" kaha usane sugandhita jala se A~kheM dhoI aura lauTa par3I ! usake sAtha Ae hue AdamI gusse meM bhara kara bole-"re duSTa cANDAla ! Aja tere kAraNa hamArI muphta kI zarAba aura bhojana jAtA rhaa|" ve mAtaGga-paNDita ko hAthoM aura pA~va se pITa kara behoza karake gye| thor3I dera meM jaba use hoza AyA to usane socA-diTThamaGgalikA ke AdamiyoM ne mujha nirdoSa ko akAraNa pITA hai, aba mujhe diTThamaGgalikA milegI tabhI ulUMgA, nahIM milegI to nahIM uThUgA / isa prakAra kA dRr3ha nizcaya kara vaha jAkara usake pitA ke nivAsa sthAna ke dvAra para par3a rhaa| usane pUchA-"kyoM par3A hai ?" - "aura koI kAraNa nahIM, mujhe diTThamaGgalikA caahie|" eka dina bItA, dUsarA, tosarA, cauthA, pA~cavA~ tathA chaThA dina biitaa| bodhisatvoM kA saMkalpa pUrA hotA hI hai,

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270 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isalie sAtaveM dina diTTamaGgalikA bAhara kara use de dI gii| vaha bolI-"svAmI utthe| Apake ghara cleN|" __ "bhadre ! tere AdamiyoM ne mujhe acchI taraha pITA hai, maiM durbala huuN| mujhe uThA kara pITha para car3hA kara le cl|" usane vaisA kiyA aura nagaravAsiyoM ke sAmane hI nagara se nikala caNDAla-grAma ko gii| bodhisatva ne jAti-bheda kI maryAdA ko akSuNNa rakhate hue use kucha dina ghara meM rkhaa| phira socA- "maiM kevala pravajita hokara hI ise zreSTha lAbha tathA yaza prApta karA sakU~gA, aura kiso upAya se nhiiN|" usane use bulA kara kahA-"bhadra ! maiM yadi jaMgala se kucha na lAUMgA to hamArI jIvikA nahIM clegii| mere Ane taka ghabarAnA nhiiN| maiM jaMgala jaauuNgaa|" ghara vAloM ko bhI usane usakA khyAla rakhane ke lie khaa| jaMgala pahuMca usane zramaNa-pravrajyA grahaNa kI aura apramAdI raha sAtaveM dina ATha samApattiyA~ aura pA~ca abhi prApta kii| 'aba diTThamaGgalikA kA sahArA bana sakU~gA' soca vaha Rddhi-bala se jAkara caNDAla-grAma ke dvAra para utarA aura diTThamaGgalikA ke ghara ke dvAra para phuNcaa| usakA AnA sunakara vaha bAhara nikalI aura rone-pITane lagI-"svAmI ! mujhe anAtha karake kyoM pratrajita ho gaye ?" ___ "bhadre ! cintA mata kara / terI pUrva sampatti se bhI adhika sampatti vAlI bnaauuNgaa| lekina kyA tU pariSada ke bIca meM itanA kaha sakegI ki merA svAmI mAtaGga nahIM hai, mahA brahmA hai ?" "svAmI ! hA~ kaha skuuNgii|" "to aba yadi koI pUche ki terA svAmI kahA~ hai, to kahanA brahmaloka gayA hai ? "kaba AyegA ?" pUche to uttara denA ki Aja se sAtaveM dina pUrNimA ke candramA ko tor3a kara aayegaa| use yaha kaha vaha himAlaya ko hI calA gyaa| diTThamaGgalikA ne bhI vArANasI meM pariSada ke bIca jahA~ tahA~ vaise hI kahA / logoM ne vizvAsa kara liyA"vaha mahA brahmA hai, isalie diTThamaGgalikA ke pAsa nahIM jAtA hai, yaha aisA hogaa|" bodhisatva ne bhI pUrNimA ke dina jaba candramA apane mArga ke madhya meM thA, brahmA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara sAre kAzI rASTra tathA bAraha yojana kI vArANasI ko eka-prakAza kara, candramA ko phor3a nIce utara, vArANasI ke Upara tIna bAra cakkara kATA ! vaha janatA dvArA gandha mAlA Adi se pUjita ho caNDAla-grAma kI ora gyaa| brahma-bhaktoM ne ikaTThe ho caNDAla-grAma pahu~ca, divamaGgalikA kA ghara zuddha vastroM se chA diyaa| bhUmi ko cAra prakAra kI sugandhiyoM se lIpa diyaa| phUla bikhera diye| dhUnI dii| vastroM kA caMdavA tAna mahAzayana bichaayaa| sugandhita pradIpa jalA dvAra para cA~dI ke varNa kI bAlU bikherii| phUla bikhere aura dhvajAyeM baaNdhii| isa prakAra ke alaMkRta ghara meM bodhisatva utare

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 271 aura andara jAkara thor3I dera zayyA para baitthe| usa samaya diTThamaGgalikA RtuvatI thI, usane aMgUThe se usakI nAbhi ko chU diyaa| usase usakI kokha meM garbha pratiSThita ho gyaa| bodhisatva ne use sambodhita kara kahA-"bhadra ! tujhe garbha raha gayA hai| tujhe putra hogaa| tU aura terA putra bhI zreSTha lAbha tathA yaza ko prApta hoNge| terA caraNodaka sAre jambudvIpa ke rAjAoM ke lie abhiSeka-jala hogaa| tere nahAne kA jala amRtauSadha hogA, jo ise sira para chir3akeMge ve sarvadA ke lie roga mukta ho jaayeNge| manahUsa (prANI) se bceNge| tere caraNoM meM sira rakha kara praNAma karane vAle hajAra dekara praNAma kareMge, usI prakAra sunAI dene kI sImA ke andara khar3e hokara praNAma karane vAle sau deMge, dikhAI dene kI sImA ke andara khar3e hokara praNAma karane vAle eka kArSApaNa dekara praNAma kreNge| apramAdI hokara rho|" isa prakAra use upadeza de, ghara se nikala janatA kI A~khoM ke hI sAmane Upara uTha candra-maNDala meM praveza kiyaa| brahma-bhaktoM ne ikaTThe ho khar3e hI khar3e rAta bitA dii| prAtaHkAla hI diTTamaGgalikA ko sone kI pAlakI meM biThA unhoMne use sira para uThAyA aura nagara meM le gye| mahAbrahmA kI bhAryA hai samajha janatA ne sugandhita mAlA Adi se usakI pUjA kii| jinheM caraNoM meM sira rakha kara praNAma karanA milatA ve hajAra dete, jo sunAI dene kI sImA ke andara khar3e ho praNAma karate ve sau dete, jo dikhAI dene kI sImA ke andara khar3e ho praNAma karate ve eka kArSApaNa dete| isa prakAra bAraha yojana kI vArANasI meM lekara ghUmane se aTThAraha karor3a dhana prApta kiyaa| phira nagara kI parikramA kara nagara ke bIca meM mahAmaNDapa banavAyA aura kanAta tanavA kara bar3e ThATa-bATa ke sAtha use vahA~ basAyA / maNDapa ke pAsa hI sAta dvAra-koThoM vAlA tathA sAta talloM vAlA prAsAda banavAyA jAne lgaa| bhavana nirmANa kA bar3A bhArI kArya Arambha huaa| diTThamaGgalikA ne maNDapa meM hI putra ko janma diyaa| usake nAma-karaNa ke dina brAhmaNoM ne ikaTThe hokara maNDapa meM paidA hone ke kAraNa maNDavya kumAra hI nAma rkhaa| prAsAda dasa mahIne meM samApta huaa| taba se vaha bar3e 'aizvarya ke sAtha rahane lgii| maNDavya kumAra bhI bar3I zAna ke sAtha bar3A hone lgaa| z2aba yaha sAta-ATha varSa kA huA tabhI jambudvIpa meM uttamAcArya ikaThTha hue| unhoMne use tInoM veda par3hAye / solaha varSa kI Ayu hone para usane brAhmaNoM kA bhojana bA~dha diyaa| solaha hajAra brAhmaNa niyamita bhojana krte| cothe dvAra-koThe para brAhmaNoM ko dAna diyA jAtA thaa| ____eka dina bar3e utsava ke dina bahuta-sI khIra pakavAI gaI / solaha hajAra brAhmaNa cauthe dvAra-koThe meM baiTha svarNa-varNa ghRta tathA matru aura khANDa se sikta khIra khAte the| kumAra bhI saba alaGkAroM se alaGkRta ho, sone kI khar3AU~ para car3ha, hAtha meM sone kA daNDA liye

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272 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yaha kahatA ghUma rahA thA ki yahA~ madhu do aura yahA~ ghRta do| usa samaya mAtaGga-paNDita himAlaya ke Azrama meM baiThA thaa| usane socA ki diTThamaGgalikA ke putra kA kyA hAla hai ? yaha dekha ki vaha anucita rAste para jA rahA hai usane socA ki meM Aja hI jAna kara mANavaka kA damana kara, usase jinheM dAna dene se mahAn phala hotA hai unheM dAna dilA kara aauuNgaa| vaha AkAza-mArga se anotapta-sarovara pahuMcA, mukha prakSAlana Adi kiyaa| phira manozilAtala para khar3e ho lAla kapar3A dhAraNa kara, kAya-bandhana bA~dhA aura pAsukUla. saMghATI pahana, miTTI kA baratana le, AkAza-mArga se jA cauthe dvAra-koThe kI dAnazAlA meM hI utara eka ora khar3A huaa| maNDavya ne idhara udhara dekhate hue jaba use dekhA to socA-aisA bada-sUrata, yakSa jaisA yaha pravrajita hai ! usase pUchA-yahA~ tU kahA~ se AyA hai ? usane usase bAtacIta karate hue pahalI gAthA kahI kuto nu Agacchasi sambhavAsi otallako paMsupisAcako va saGkAra colaM paTimucca kaMThe ko re tuvaM hohisi adakkhigeyyo // 1 // [he cithar3edhArI ! he gaMde vastra vAle ! he pAMsu-pizAca-sadRza ! tU yaha gale meM kUr3e ke Dhera para se uThAye vastra pahana kara kahA~ se AyA hai aura kona hai ?] yaha suna bodhisatva ne komala citta se hI usase bAtacIta karate hue dUsarI gAthA kahI annaM tava idaM pakataM yasassi, taM khaJjare muJjare piyyare ca, jAnAsi tvaM paradattUpajIvi, usiTTatha piNDaM labhataM sapAko // 2 // he yazasvI ! tere ghara yaha anna pakA hai| use (loga) khA-pI rahe haiN| tU jAnatA hai ki hama dUsaroM dvArA diyA hI khAkara jIne vAle haiN| uTha ! cANDAla ko bhI kucha bhojana mile| taba maNDavya ne gAthA kahI annaM mama idaM pakataM brAhmaNAnaM, attatthAya saddahato mama idaM, apehi estha, kiM dudha dvitosi, na mA disA tumhaM dadanti jamma // 3 // .

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 273 [ mere yahA~ jo anna pakA hai vaha brAhmaNoM ke lie hai, yaha mero zraddhA ke kAraNa Atma-hita ke lie hai| yahA~ se dUra haTa / yahA~ kyA khar3A hai| he duSTa ! mere jaise tujhe dAna nahIM dete haiM / ] taba bodhisatva ne gAthA kahI thale ca ninne ca vapanti bIja anUpakhette phalaM AsasAnA, etAya saddhAya dadAhi dAnaM, appeva ArAdhaye dakkhiNeyye // 4 // [ jisa prakAra (kRSaka) phala kI AzA se UMce sthala para bhI bIja bote haiM aura nIce sthala para bhii| aura ve pAnI kI jagaha bhI bote haiN| isI prakAra tU bhI aisI hI zraddhA se sabako dAna de / saMbhava hai tU dAna-dene yogyoM kA (bhI) satkAra kara ske|] taba maNDavya ne gothA kahI khettAni mayhaM viditAni loke yesAhaM bIjAni pati?pemi, ye brAhmaNA jAti mantUpapannA, tAnIdha khettAni supesalAni // 5 // [ maiM loka meM jo (dAna-) kSetra haiM unheM jAnatA huuN| unhIM meM maiM bIja DAlatA huuN| jo jAti tathA mantroM se yukta brAhmaNa haiM ve hI isa saMsAra meM acche kheta haiN|] taba bodhisattva ne do gAthAe~ kahIM jAti made ca atimAnitA ca, lobho ca doso ca mado ca moho, ete aguNA yesuva santi sabbe tAnodha khettAni apesalAni // 6 // jAti mado ca atimAnitA ca lobho ca doso ca mado ca moho, ete aguNA yesu na santi sabbe tAnIdha khettAni supesalAni // 7 // [ jAti-mada, abhimAna, lobha, dveSa, mada tathA mUr3hatA-ye saba avaguNa jinameM haiM ve isa loka meM acche ( dAna-) kSetra nahIM haiN| jAti-mada, abhimAna, lobha, dveSa, mada tathA mUr3hatA-ye saba avaguNa jinameM nahIM haiM, ve hI isa loka meM acche (dAna-) kSetra haiM / ]

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274 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra bodhisatva ke bAra-bAra bolane se use krodha A gyaa| 'yaha bahuta bakavAsa karatA hai, ye dvArapAla kahA~ gaye, isa cANDAla ko nikAlate nahIM hai' kahate hue usane gAthA kahI kattheva bhaTThA upajotiyo ca upajjhAyo athavA bhaNDakucchi, imassa daNDaM ca vadhaM ca datvA gale gahetvA khalayAtha jammaM // 8 // ... [ isa prakAra upajoti, upajjhAya tathA bhaNDakucchi kahA~ cale gaye ? ise daNDa de aura maareN| isa duSTa ko gale se pakar3a kara dhuna ddaaleN|] ve bhI usakI bAta suna jaldI se A pahuMce aura bole- "deva ! kyA kareM?" . "tumane isa duSTa cANDAla ko dekhaa|" "deva ! nahIM dekhate haiN| yaha bhI nahIM jAnate haiM ki kahA~ se AyA ? yaha koI mAyA-dhArI yA jAdUgara hogaa|" "aba kyA khar3e ho ?" "deva ! kyA kareM ?" "isake muMha ko pITa kara tor3a do, DaNDoM aura bA~sa kI lAThiyoM se isakI pITha ughAr3a do, mAro, gale se pakar3a kara isa duSTa ko dhuna ddaalo| yahA~ se nikAla bAhara kro|" ___ abhI jaba ve bodhisatva taka pahuMce hI nahIM the, bodhisatva ne AkAza meM khar3e ho gAthA kahI giri nakhena khaNasi ayo dantena khAdasi jAtavedaM padahasi yo isiM parimAsasi // 6 // [jo RSi ko bhalA-burA kahatA hai, vaha nAkhUna se parvata khodatA hai, athavA dA~ta se lohA kATatA hai athavA Aga ko nigalatA hai / ] . yaha gAthA kaha bodhisatva usa mANavaka aura brAhmaNoM ke dekhate hI dekhate AkAza meM jA phuNce| isa artha ko prakAzita karane ke lie zAstA ne gAthA kahI idaM vatvAna mAtaGgo isi saccaparakamo antalikkhasmi pakkAmi brAhmaNAnaM uvikkhataM // 10 // [ yaha kahakara satya-parAkramI mAtaGga brAhmaNoM kI A~kha ke sAmane hI AkAza ko calA gyaa|]

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 275 usane prAcIna dizA kI ora jA eka galI meM utara aisA dRr3ha-saMkalpa kiyA ki usake pA~va ke cinha dikhAI deN| vahA~ pUrva-dvAra ke pAsa bhikSATana karake milA-julA bhojana prApta kiyA aura eka zAlA meM baiTha vaha milA-julA bhojana khAyA / nagara-devatAoM se jaba yaha sahana na ho sakA ki yaha rAjA hamAre Arya ko duHkha dene vAlI bAta kahatA haiM to ve Aye / bar3e yakSa ne usakI gardana pakar3a kara maror3I, zeSa devatAoM ne zeSa brAhmaNoM kI gardana pakar3a kara mrodd'ii| bodhisatva ke citta kI komalatA ke kAraNa 'usakA putra hai' jAna mArA nahIM, kevala kaSTa diyaa| maNDavya kA sira ghUma kara pITha kI ora ho gyaa| hAtha-pA~va sIdhe hokara khar3e ho gaye, A~kheM badala kara murde ke samAna ho gii| vaha lakar3I-zarIra hokara gira pdd'aa| zeSa brAhmaNa mu~ha se thUka girAte hue idhara-udhara loTate the| didvamaGgalikA ko sUcanA dI gaI--Arthe ! tere putra ko kucha ho gayA hai| vaha jaldI se AI aura putra ko dekha kara bolI-yaha kyA ! usane gAthA kahI AveThitaM pidvito uttamAGga * bAhaM pasAreti akammaneyyaM, setAni akkhIni kathA matassa ko me iyaM puttaM akAsi evaM // 11 // [ isakA sira pITha kI ora ghumA diyA gayA hai| yaha nikammI bAhoM ko phailAtA hai| isakI A~kheM mRta vyakti ke samAna zveta ho gaI haiN| mere putra ko aisA kisane kara diyA hai ? ] ___ vahA~ khar3e hue logoM ne use batAne ke lie gAthA kahI idhAgamA samaNo rummavAsI otallako pasu pisAbako va, saGkAra colaM parimucca kaNThe so te imaM puttaM akAsi evaM // 12 // [yahA~ eka cIthar3edhAro zramaNa aayaa| vaha gaMde vastra pahane thaa| vaha paMsu-pizAca sadRza thaa| vaha gale meM kUr3e ke Dhera se uThAe vastra pahane thaa| usI ne tere putra kA aisA hAla kiyA hai| ] usane yaha sunA to socA aura kisI kI aisI sAmarthya nahIM hai| nissandeha mAtaGga-paNDita hI hogA / vaha dhIra puruSa maitrI bhAvanA yukta hai| vaha itane AdamiyoM ko kaSTa pahuMcA kara nahIM jaayegaa| 'vaha kisa ora gayA hogA ?' pUchate hue usane gAthA kahI

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276 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana katamaM disaM agamA bhUripo akkhAtha me mANavA etamatthaM, gantvAna taM paTikaremu aJcayaM appeva naM puttaM labhesu jIvitaM // 13 // [vaha bahu-prajJa kisa ora gayA hai ? he taruNo ! mujhe yaha btaao| hama usake pAsa jAkara apanA aparAdha kSamA karavAveM / sambhava hai hamAre putra ko jIvana-lAbha ho jaay|] bahA~ khar3e hue taruNoM ne use isa prakAra kahA vehAsayaM agamA bhUripo pathaddhano pannarase va cando , api cApi so purimaM disaM agaJchi saccappaTio isi sAdhurUpo // 14 // [ vaha bahu-prajJa AkAza kI ora gayA hai| pUrNimA ke candramA kI bhA~ti vaha ( AkAza-) mArga ke bIcobIca gayA hai| aura vaha sAdhu-svarUpa satya-pratijJa RSi pUrva dizA kI ora gayA hai| ] usane unakI bAta suna apane svAmI ko khojane kA nizcaya kiyaa| sone kA kalaza aura sone kA pyAlA liyA, dAsiyoM sahita vaha vahA~ pahuMcI jahA~ bodhisatva ne apane caraNa-cinhoM ke dikhAI dene kA dRr3ha-saMkalpa kiyA thaa| usake anusAra jA vaha jisa samaya bodhisatva pIr3he para baiTha bhojana kara rahe the, unake pAsa pahuMcI aura praNAma karake eka ora khar3I huii| usane use dekha thor3A bhAta pAtra meM chodd'aa| divamaGgalikA ne svarNakalaza se use pAnI diyaa| usane vahIM hAtha dho mukha-prakSAlana kiyaa| usane yaha pUchate hue ki kisane mere putra kI zakala bigAr3I, gAthA kahI AveThitaM piThito uttamaGga bAhaM pasAreti akammaneyyaM, setAni akkhI ni yathA natassa ko me imaM puttaM akAsi evaM // 15 // [ artha Upara diyA hI hai / ] isake bAda kI gAthAe~ unake praznottara haiM yakkhA have santi mahAnubhAvA ambAgatA isayo sAdhurUpA, te duTThacittaM kupitaM viditvA yakkhA hi te putaM akaMsu evaM // 16 //

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNe 273 [sAdhu-rUpa RSiyoM ko dekha mahAnubhAva yakSa unake pIche-pIche aaye| unhoMne hI tere putra ko duSTa-citta tathA krodhita dekha isa prakAra banA diyA hai ] yakkhA ca me puttaM akaMsu evaM tvaM eva me mA kuddho brahmacAri, tumheM va pAde saraNaM gatAsmi anvAgatA puttasokena bhikkhu // 17 // [ yadi yakSa mere putra para krodhita hue haiM to he brahmacArI ! tU mujha para krodhita na ho! he bhikSu ! maiM putra-zoka se dukhI ho tumhArI hI zaraNa AI huuN|] tadeva hi etarahi ca mayhaM manopadoso mama natthi koci, putto ca te veda madena matto atthaM na jAnAti adhiJca vede // 1 // [usa samaya aura isa samaya bhI mere mana meM kucha dveSa nahIM hai| terA putra veda-mata se masta huA hai| usane veda par3hakara artha nahIM jaanaa|] addhA have bhikkhu muhuttakena mammuhyate va purisassa saJjA ekAparAdhaM khama bhUripaJa, na paNDitA krodha balA bhavanti // 19 // [bhikSu ! aisA hotA hI hai ki kSaNa bhara meM manuSya kI buddhi moha ko prApta ho jAtI hai| he bahu-prajJa ! usake eka doSa ko kSamA kareM / paNDitoM kA bala krodha nahIM hai|] . isa prakAra usake kSamA mAMgane para bodhisatva ne 'to yakSoM ko bhagAne ke lie amRtaauSadha batAtA hU~' kaha gAthA kahI idaJca mayhaM uttiTTapiNDa maNDavyo bhuJjatu appapaJo, yakkhA ca te naM na viheThayeyya . putto cate hohiti so arogo // 20 // [yaha mUrkha maNDavya merA jUThA-bhojana khaaye| usase ise yakSa kaSTa nahIM deMge aura terA putra niroga ho jaaygaa|] usane bodhisatva kI bAta suna sone kA pyAlA Age bar3hAyA-'svAmI ! amRtauSadha deN'| bodhisatva ne jUThI kA~jI usameM DAla kara kahA- "isa meM se pahale AdhI kA~jI apane putra ke muMha meM DAla kara zeSa cATI meM pAnI se milA kara bAkI brAhmaNoM ke mu~ha meM

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278 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana DAla / sabhI niroga ho jaayeNge|" itanA kaha vaha Upara uTha kara himAlaya hI calA gyaa| usane bhI usa pyAle ko sira para le "mujhe amRtoSadha milA hai|" kahate hue ghara jAkara pahale putra ke mu~ha meM ddaalii| yakSa bhAga gyaa| usane dhUlI poMchate hue uTha kara pUchA"mA~ yaha kyA ?" "apane kiye hue ko tU hI jaanegaa| A tAta ! apane dakSiNA-dene yogyoM kA hAla dekha / " use unheM dekha kara pazcAttApa huaa| ___taba usakI mAtA ne "tAta maNDavya ! tU mUrkha hai| dAna dene ke mahA-phala sthAna ko nahIM pahacAnatA hai| isa taraha ke loga dAna-dene yogya nahIM hote / aba se ina duzzIloM ko dAna mata de| zIlavAnoM ko de / " kaha ye gAthAeM kahIM maNDavya bAlosi parittapaJjo yo puJakhettAnaM akovido si, mahakkasAvesu dadAsi dAnaM kiliTTha kammesu asaJatesu // 21 // jaTA ca kesA ajinAni vatthA jarUdapAnaM va mukhaM parUlahaM, paja imaM passatha rUmmarUpiM na jaTAjinaM tAyati appapalaM // 22 // yesaM rAgo ca doso ca avijjA ca virAjitA khINAsavA arahanto tesu dinnaM mahapphala // 23 // [he maNDavya ! tU alpa-buddhi hai| tU mUrkha hai / tU puNya-kSetra nahIM pahacAnatA hai| tU asaMyata citta-maila dhArI, mahAna doSiyoM ko dAna detA hai| kucha logoM kI jaTAye haiM, keza haiM, ajinacarma ke vastra haiM, mu~ha purAne kueM ke samAna bAloM se bharA hai| ina cIthar3edhArI logoM ko dekho| alpa-prajJa AdamI kI jaTA aura ajinacarma se mokSa nahIM hotaa| jinake rAga, dveSa tathA avidyA jAtI rahI haiM, jo kSINAsrava haiM, jo arahata haiM unheM dene meM mahAn phala hai|] isalie tAta ! aba se isa prakAra ke upazIloM ko dAna na de| loka meM jo ATha samApatti-lAbhI tathA paJca abhijJA prApta dhArmika zramaNa brAhmaNa haiM tathA pratyeka buddha haiM, unheM dAna de| tAta! A apane kula ke nikaTastha logoM ko amRta pilA niroga kruuNgii|" yaha kaha usane jUThI kA~jI maMgavAI aura pAnI kI cATI meM milavA solaha hajAra brAhmaNoM ke muMha para chidd'kvaayaa| eka-eka janA dhUlI poMchatA huA uTha khar3A huaa| - brAhmaNoM ne unheM abrAhmaNa banA diyA-inhoMne cANDAla kA jUThA piyA hai / ve lajjita hokara vArANasI se nikale aura meda-rASTra meM jA meda rAjA ke pAsa rahane lge| maNDavya vahIM rahane lgaa|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 276 usa samaya vetravatI nagarI ke pAsa vetravatI nadI ke kinAre jAtimanta nAma kA eka brAhmaNa pravrajita huaa| vaha 'jAti' ke kAraNa bahuta abhimAnI thaa| bodhisatva usakA abhimAna cUra-cUra karane ke lie vahA~ A, usake pAsa hI nadI ke Upara kI ora rahane lge| usane eka dina dAtuna kara yaha saMkalpa kara use nadI meM girAyA ki yaha dAtuna jAkara jAtimanta kI jaTAoM meM lge| jaba vaha pAnI kA Acamana karane lagA to vaha jAkara usakI jaTAoM meM lgii| usane yaha dekha kara kahA-"terA burA ho ! yaha manahUsa kahA~ se ?" isakA patA lagAu~gA' soca vaha pAnI ke srota ke Upara gyaa| vahA~ usane bodhisatva ko dekha kara pUchA-"kyA jAta hai ?" "cANDAla huuN|" "tU ne nadI meM dAtuna girAI ?" "hA~, maiMne giraaii|" "terA burA ho, cANDAla manahUsa, yahA~ mata raha, srota ke nIce kI ora raha / usake nIce jAkara rahane para bhI usake girAye hue dAtuna srota se ulaTe jA usakI jaTAoM meM lagate / vaha bolA-"terA burA ho| yadi yahA~ rahegA to Aja se sAtaveM dina terA sira sAta Tukar3e ho jaaygaa|" bodhisatva ne socA-yadi maiM isake prati krodha karU~gA to merA zIla arakSita hogaa| mai upAya se hI isakA abhimAna cUra-cUra kruuNgaa| usane sAtaveM dina sUryodaya roka diyaa| manuSya krodhita ho jAtimanta tapasvI ke pAsa pahuMce aura pUchA- "bhante ! tuma sUryodaya nahIM hone dete ?" vaha bolA-"yaha merA kAma nahIM hai, nadI ke kinAre eka cANDAla rahatA hai, yaha usakA kAma hogaa|" AdamiyoM ne bodhisatva ke pAsa pahu~ca pUchA-"bhante ! tuma sUryodaya nahIM hone dete?" "AyuSmAno ! haaN|" "kyoM ?" "tumhAre kula vizvasta tapasvI ne mujha niraparAdha ko zApa diyA hai / vaha Akara jaba mere pA~va meM gira kara kSamA mA~gegA taba sUrya ko mukta kruuNgaa|" ve gaye aura use khIMca kara lAye aura bodhisatva ke pairoM meM girA kara kSamA maMgavAI aura prArthanA kI-"bhante ! sUrya ko mukta kreN|" "maiM nahIM chor3a sakatA, yadi maiM chor3a dUMgA to usakA sira sAta Tukar3e ho jaayegaa|" "bhante ! kyA kareM?" usane "miTTI lAo" kaha miTTI kA DhelA mNgvaayaa| phira "ise tapasvI ke sira para rakha tapasvI ko pAnI meM utAro" kaha tapasvI ko pAnI meM utaravA sUrya ko mukta kiyaa| sUrya-razmi kA sparza hote hI miTTI ke Dhele ke sAta Tukar3e ho gye| tapasvI ne pAnI meM gotA lgaayaa| usakA damana kara bodhisatva ne jijJAsA kI-"solaha hajAra brAhmaNa kahA~ rahate haiM ?" patA lagA ki meda-rASTra ke pAsa / unakA damana karane kI icchA se vaha Rddhi se vahA~ pahuMcA aura nagara ke pAsa utara bhikSApAtra le nagara meM bhikSATana ke lie niklaa| brAhmaNoM ne socA-yadi yaha yahA~ ekAdha dina bhI raha gayA to hameM apratiSThita kara degaa| unhoMne zIghratA se jAkara rAjA ko kahA--"eka mAyAdhara jAdUgara AyA hai / use pkdd'vaayeN|" rAjA ne "acchA" kaha svIkAra kiyaa| bodhisatva milA

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280 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . .. julA bhojana le eka dIvAra ke sahAre eka cabUtare para baiTha kara kara khAne lge| jisa samaya dhyAna dUsarI ora thA usa samaya bhojana karate hue hI use rAjA ke AdamiyoM ne Akara talavAra se mAra DAlA / vaha mara kara brahmaloka meM utpanna huaa| ___ isa jAtaka meM bodhisatva koNDa (?) kA damana karane vAle hue / vaha isa para nirbharatA (?) meM hI mRtyu ko prApta hue| devatAoM ne krodhita ho sAre meda-rASTra para garma gAre kI varSA kI aura rASTra ko arASTra kara diyaa| isIlie kahA gayA hai upahajamAne mejhA mAtaGgasmi yasassine . sapArisajjo ucchinno mejjharanaM tadA ahu // 24 // .. [ yazasvI mAtaGga ke mAre jAne ke kAraNa usa samaya meda-rAjya aura usakI sArI pariSad maSTa ho gii|] ___ zAstA ne yaha dharma-dezanA lA, 'na kevala abhI, pahale bhI udayana ne pravrajitoM ko kaSTa hI diyA hai' kaha jAtaka kA mela baitthaayaa| usa samaya maNDavya udayana thA / mAtaGgapaNDita to maiM hI thaa| -jAtaka (caturtha khaNDa ) 467 ; mAtaGga jAtaka pR0 583-167 / jaina-kathAvastu kA saMkSipta sAra cANDAla muni kA yajJavATa meM bhikSA ke lie jaanaa| brAhmaNoM dvArA abrAhmaNa ko dAna kA niSedha karanA / mani kI shikssaa| brAhmaNoM kA muni ke prati aziSTa vyavahAra / yakSa dvArA chAtroM ko mUcchita kiyA jaanaa| rAjA kI putrI bhadrA jo yajJapatnI thI, kA vahA~ aanaa| samasta brAhmaNa-kumAroM ko muni kA yathArtha paricaya denaa| muni kI zaraNa grahaNa karane kI preraNA denaa| somadeva kA muni ke pAsa A kSamA-yAcanA kara bhojana lene kI prArthanA krnaa| muni dvArA kSamA denA, jAtivAda kI ayathArthatA kA khyApana karanA, yajJa kI yathArthatA ko samajhAnA aura karma-mukti kA mArga dikhaanaa| bauddha-kathAvastu kA saMkSipta sAra vArANasI meM maMDavya kumAra kA pratidina solaha hajAra brAhmaNoM ko bhojana denaa| himAlaya ke Azrama meM mAtaGga paNDita kA bhikSA lene aanaa| usake phaTe hue aura gaMde vastra dekha kara use sthAna se httaanaa| mAtaGga paNDita kA maNDavya ko upadeza denaa| dAna-kSetra kI yathArthatA batAnA /

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gAthA khaNDa : 2, prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 281 maNDavya ke sAthiyoM dvArA mAtaGga kA pITA jaanaa| nagara-devatAoM dvArA brAhmaNoM kI durdazA karanA / seTha kI kanyA diTThamaGgalikA kA AnA, vahA~ kI avasthA ko dekha kara sthiti ko jAna lenaa| sone kA kalaza aura pyAlA le mAtaGga muni ke pAsa jAnA--kSamA-yAcanA krnaa| mAtaGga paNDita dvArA brAhmaNoM ke ThIka hone kA upAya karanA aura diTThamaGgalikA kA sabhI brAhmaNoM ko dAna-kSetra kI yathArthatA batAnA / samAna gAthAe~ uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 12 mAtaGga jAtaka (saMkhyA 497) zloka kayare Agacchai dittatve kAle 'vigarAle phoknaase| omacelae paMsupisAyabhUe saMkaradUsaM parihariya kaNThe // 6 // kayare tumaM. iya adaMsaNijje kAe va AsAi hamAgao si / omacelagA paMsupisAyabhUyA gaccha kkhalAhi kimihaM Thiosi ? // 7 // 1 (pR0 272 para uddhRta) samaNo ahaM saMjao bambhayArI virao dhnnpynnprigghaao| parappavittassa u bhikkhakAle annassa aTThA ihamAgao mi // 9 // viyarijai khajai bhujaI ya annaM pabhUyaM bhavayANameyaM / jANAhi me jAyaNajIviNu tti sesAvasesaM labhaU tavassI // 10 // 2 (pR0 272 ,, ,) uvakkhaDaMbhoyaNa mAhaNANaM attadviyaM siddha mihegapakkhaM / na U vayaM erisamannapANaM bAhAmu tujha kimihaM Thio si ? // 11 // 3 (pR. 273 , ,)

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282 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana :. ... thalesu bIyAi vavanti kAsagA taheva ninnesu ya aassaae| eyAe sakhAe dalAha majha ArAhae pugNamiNaM khu khettaM // 12 // 4 (pR. 273 para uddhRta) khettANi amhaM viiyANi loe jahiM pakiNNA viruhanti punnnnaa| je mAhaNA jAivijjovaveyA tAI tu khettAiM supesalAI // 13 // ___5 (pR0 273 ,, ,) koho ya mANo ya vaho ya jesiM mosaM adattaM ca pariggahaM ca / te mAhaNA jAivijjAvihUNA tAI tu khettAiM supAvayAI // 14 // tumbhettha bho bhAradharA girANaM aTuM na jANAha ahijja vee| uccAvayAI muNiNo caranti tAI tu khettAI supesalAI // 15 // 6,7 (pR0 273 ,, ,,) ke ettha khattA uvajoiyA vA ajjhAvayA vA saha khaNDiehiM / evaM daNDeNa phaleNa hantA kaNThammi ghettUNa khalejja jo gaM ? // 18 // amAvayANaM vayaNaM suNettA uddhAiyA tattha bahU kumaaraa| daNDehi vittehi kasehi ceva samAgayA taM isi tAlayanti // 19 // 8 (pR0 274 ,, ,) giriM nahehiM khaNaha ayaM dantehiM khAyaha / jAyateyaM pAehi haNaha je bhikkhaM avamannaha // 26 // 6 (pR0 274 ,, ,) avaheDiya piTisauttamaMge pasAriyAbAhu akmmcette| nimmeriyacche ruhiraM vamante . udamuhe nimgayajIhanette // 29 // . 11 (pR0 275 ,, ,) 8 2

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa , 283 puTviM ca iNDiM ca aNAgayaM ca maNappadoso na me asthi koi| jakkhA hu veyAvaDiyaM karenti tamhA hu ee nihayA kumArA // 32 // 16-18 (pR0 276-77 para uddhRta) atthaM ca dhammaM ca viyANamANA tumbhe na vi kuppaha bhuuipnnaa| tubhaM tu pAe saraNaM uvemo samAgayA savvajaNeNa amhe // 33 // 16 (pR0 277 ,,,) eka vizleSaNa ina samAnatAoM ke atirikta ina donoM meM kAphI antara bhI hai| mAtaGga jAtaka meM mAtaGga-paNDita kI kathA ke atirikta eka aura kathA kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| pahalI kathA meM cANDAla mAtaGga-paMDita brAhmaNoM ko zikSA dekara sahI mArga para lAte haiM aura dUsarI kathA meM brAhmaNa mAtaGga ko rAjA se maravA dete haiN| vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki yaha dUsarI kathA bAda meM jor3I gaI hai| __DaoN0 ghATage kA abhimata hai ki jaba hama jaina aura bauddha paramrAoM meM pracalita ina kathAnoM kI tulanA karate haiM, taba hameM yaha jJAta hotA hai ki bauddha-paramparA kI kathAvastu vistRta hai aura usakA kathya aneka vicAroM se mizrita hai / jaina-paramparA kI kathAvastu bahuta sarala hai aura kathyamAtra ko chUne vAlI hai / lekina eka tathya aisA hai jisake AdhAra para yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki jaina-kathAvastu bauddha-kathAvastu se prAcIna hai| mAtaGga jAtaka meM pratipAdya viSaya ke sUkSma adhyayana se yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki brAhmaNoM ke prati lekhaka kI bhAvanAeM bahuta adhika uddhata aura kaTu haiM jaba ki jaina-kathAvastu meM aisA nahIM hai| bauddhoM kI kathAvastu meM brAhmaNoM ko sahaja dhokhA denA aura una dvArA kie gae aparAdhoM ke lie jUThana khAne ke lie prerita karanA--ye do tathya uparokta mAnyatA ko spaSTa kara dete haiM / 'inhIM tathyoM ne dUsarI kathA ko isI jAtaka meM samAviSTa karane ke lie lekhaka ko prerita kiyA hogA aura isa prakAra kI bhAvanAeM sAmpradAyika pakSapAtoM ke AdhAra para Age cala kara panapI hoNgii| usa samaya brAhmaNa janmanA jAti ke AdhAra para vizeSatAoM 1. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 17 (1935, 1936) A few Parallels in Jains and Buddhist works', page 345, by A. M. Ghatage, M. A. :. This must have also led the writer to include the other story in the same Jataka. And such an attitude, must have arisen in later times as the effect of sectarian bias.

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284 ___ uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / ko svIkAra karate the| isa tathya ko nirAdhAra batAnA hI ina kathAoM kA pratipAdya thaa| yaha tathya jaina-kathAnaka meM spaSTa pratIta hotA hai aura vaha bhI bahuta adhika mAnavIya aura sahAnubhUtipUrNa vidhi se|' citra-sambhUta ( uttarAdhyayana 13) sAketa nagara meM candrAvataMsaka rAjA kA putra municandra rAjya karatA thaa| rAjya kA upabhoga karate-karate usakA mana kAma-bhogoM se virakta ho gyaa| usane muni sAgaracanda ke pAsa dIkSA grahaNa kii| vaha apane guru ke sAtha-sAtha dezAntara jA rahA thaa| eka bAra vaha bhikSA lene gA~va meM gayA, para sArtha se bichar3a gayA aura eka bhayAnaka aTavI meM jA pahu~cA / vaha bhUkha aura pyAsa se vyAkula ho rahA thaa| vahA~ cAra gvAla-putra gAe~ carA rahe the| unhoMne muni kI avasthA dekhii| unakA mana karuNA se bhara gyaa| unhoMne muni kI paricaryA kii| muni svastha hue| cAroM gvAla-putroM ko dharma kA upadeza diyaa| cAroM bAlaka pratibuddha hue aura muni ke pAsa dIkSita ho ge| ve sabhI Ananda se dIkSA-paryAya kA pAlana karane lge| kintu unameM se do muniyoM ke mana meM 'maile kapar3oM ke viSaya meM jugupsA rahane lgii| cAroM mara kara devagati meM ge| jugupsA karane vAle donoM devaloka se cyuta ho dazapura nagara meM zAMDilya brAhmaNa kI dAsI yazomatI kI kukSI se yugala rUpa meM jnme| ve yuvA hue| eka bAra ve jaMgala meM apane kheta kI rakSA ke lie ge| rAta ho gii| ve eka vaTa vRkSa ke nIce so ge| acAnaka hI vRkSa ke koTara se eka sarpa nikalA aura eka ko DaMsa kara calA gyaa| dUsarA jaagaa| use yaha bAta mAlUma huii| tatkAla hI vaha sarpa kI khoja meM niklaa| vahI sarpa use bhI DaeNsa gyaa| donoM mara kara kAliMjara parvata para eka mRgI ke udara se yugala rUpa meM utpanna hue| eka bAra donoM Asa-pAsa cara rahe the| eka vyAdha ne eka hI bANa se donoM ko mAra ddaalaa| vahA~ se mara kara ve gaMgA nadI ke taura para eka rAjahaMsinI ke garbha meM aae| yugala rUpa meM janme / ve yuvA bne| ve donoM sAtha-sAtha ghUma rahe the| eka bAra eka machue ne unheM pakar3A aura gardana maror3a kara mAra ddaalaa| usa samaya vArANasI nagarI meM cANDAloM kA eka adhipati rahatA thaa| usakA nAma ____ 1. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 17 (1935-1936) 'A few Parallels in Jain and Buddhist works', page 345, by A. M. Ghatage M. A.

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 285 thA bhUtadatta / vaha bahuta samRddha thaa| ve donoM haMsa mara kara usake putra hue| unakA nAma citra aura sambhUta rakhA gyaa| donoM bhAiyoM meM apAra sneha thaa| ___ usa samaya vArANasI nagarI meM zaGkha rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| namuci usakA maMtrI thaa| eka bAra usake kisI aparAdha para rAjA kruddha ho gayA aura vadha kI AjJA de dii| cANDAla bhUtadatta ko yaha kArya sauMpA gyaa| usane namuci ko apane ghara meM chipA liyA aura kahA--"maMtrin ! yadi Apa mere tala-ghara meM raha kara mere donoM putroM ko adhyApana karAnA svIkAra kara leM to maiM ApakA vadha nahIM kruuNgaa|" jIvana kI AzA se maMtrI ne bAta mAna lii| aba vaha cANDAla ke putroM-citra aura sambhUta ko par3hAne lgaa| cANDAla-patnI namuci kI paricaryA karane lgii| kucha kAla biitaa| namuci cANDAlastrI meM Asakta ho gyaa| bhUtadatta ne yaha bAta jAna lii| usane namuci ko mArane kA vicAra kiyaa| citra aura sambhUta donoM ne apane pitA ke vicAra jAna lie / guru ke prati kRtajJatA se prerita ho unhoMne namuci ko kahIM bhAga jAne kI salAha dii| namuci vahA~ se bhAgA-bhAgA hastinApura meM AyA aura cakravartI sanatkumAra kA maMtrI bana gyaa| citra aura sambhUta bar3e hue / unakA rUma aura lAvaNya AkarSaka thaa| nRtya aura saMgIta meM ve pravINa hue| vArANasI ke loga unakI kalAoM para mugdha the| eka bAra madana mahotsava aayaa| aneka gAyaka-ToliyA~ madhura-rAga meM alApa rahI thIM aura taruNa-taruNiyoM ke aneka gaNa nRtya kara rahe the| usa samaya citra-sambhUta kI nRtyamaNDalI bhI vahA~ A gii| unakA gAnA aura nRtya sabase adhika manorama thaa| use suna aura dekha kara sAre loga unakI maNDalI kI ora cale aae| yuvatiyA~ maMtra-mugdha sI ho gii| sabhI tanmaya the| brAhmaNoM ne yaha dekhaa| mana meM IrSyA ubhara aaii| jAtivAda kI Ar3a le ve rAjA ke pAsa gae aura sArA vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| rAjA ne donoM mAtaGgaputroM ko nagara se nikAla diyaa| ve anyatra cale ge| kucha samaya biitaa| eka bAra kaumudI-mahotsava ke avasara para ve donoM mAtaGga-putra 'punaH nagara meM aae| ve muMha para kapar3A DAle mahotsava kA Ananda le rahe the| calatecalate unake mu~ha se saMgIta ke svara nikala pdd'e| loga avAka raha ge| ve una donoM ke pAsa aae| AvaraNa haTAte hI unheM pahacAna ge| unakA rakta IrSyA se ubala gyaa| 'ye cANDAla-putra haiM'--aisA kaha kara unheM lAtoM aura cAToM se mArA aura nagara se bAhara nikAla diyaa| ve bAhara eka udyAna meM Thahare / unhoMne socA dhikkAra hai hamAre rUpa, yauvana, saubhAgya aura kalA-kauzala ko ! Aja hama cANDAla hone ke kAraNa pratyeka varga se tiraskRta ho rahe haiN| hamArA sArA guNa-samUha dUSita ho rahA hai| aisA jIvana jIne se lAbha hI kyA ?' unakA mana jIne se Uba gyaa| ve Atma-hatyA kA dRr3ha saMkalpa le

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana .. .. vahA~ se cale / eka pahAr3a para isI vicAra se cddh'e| Upara car3ha kara unhoMne dekhA ki eka . zramaNa dhyAna-lIna hai| ve sAdhu ke pAsa Ae aura baiTha ge| dhyAna pUrNa hone para sAdhu ne unakA nAma-dhAma puuchaa| donoM ne apanA pUrva vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| muni ne kahA"tuma aneka kalA-zAstroM ke pAragAmI ho| Atma-hatyA karanA nIca vyaktiyoM kA kAma hai| tumhAre jaise vimala-buddhi vAle vyaktiyoM ke lie vaha ucita nahIM / tuma isa vicAra ko chor3o aura jina-dharma kI zaraNa meM aao| isase tumhAre zArIrika aura mAnasika sabhI duHkha ucchinna ho jaaeNge|" unhoMne muni ke vacana ko zirodhArya kiyA aura hAtha jor3a kara kahA- "bhagavan ! Apa hameM dIkSita kreN|" muni ne unheM yogya samajha dIkSA dii| muru-caraNoM kI upAsanA karate hue ve adhyayana karane lge| kucha samaya bAda ve gItArtha hue| vicitra tapasyAoM se prAtmA ko bhAvita karate hue ve grAmAnugrAma vihAra karane lage / eka bAra ve hastinApura Ae / nagara ke bAhara eka udyAna meM Thahare / eka dina mAsa-kSamaNa kA pAraNA karane ke lie muni sambhUta nagara meM ge| bhikSA ke lie ve ghara-ghara ghUma rahe the| maMtrI namuci ne unheM dekha kara pahacAna liyaa| usakI sArI smRtiyA~ sadyaska ho gii| usane socA-'yaha muni merA sArA vRttAnta jAnatA hai| yahA~ ke logoM ke samakSa yadi isane kucha kaha DAlA to merI mahattA naSTa ho jaaegii|' aisA vicAra kara usane lAThI aura mukkoM se mAra kara muni ko nagara se bAhara nikAlanA cAhA / kaI loga muni ko pITane lge| muni zAnta rahe / parantu loga jaba atyanta ugra ho gae, taba muni kA citta azAnta ho gyaa| unake mu~ha se dhuMA nikalA aura sArA nagara andhakAramaya ho gyaa| loga ghabar3Ae / aba ve muni ko zAnta karane lge| cakravartI sanatkumAra bhI vahA~ A phuNcaa| usane muni se prArthanA kI--"bhante ! yadi hama se koI truTi huI ho to Apa kSamA kreN| Age hama aisA aparAdha nahIM kreNge| Apa mahAn haiN| nagara-nivAsiyoM ko jIvana-dAna deN|" itane se muni kA krodha zAnta nahIM huaa| udyAna meM baiThe muni citra ne yaha samvAda sunA aura AkAza ko dhUmra se AcchAdita dekhaa| ve tatkAla vahA~ Ae aura unhoMne muni sambhUta se kahA- "mune ! krodhAnala ko upazAnta karo, upazAnta kro| maharSi upazama-pradhAna hote haiN| ve aparAdhI para bhI krodha nahIM krte| tuma apanI zakti kA saMvaraNa kro|" muni sambhUta kA mana zAnta huaa| unhoMne tejolezyA kA saMvaraNa kiyaa| aMdhakAra miTa gyaa| loga prasanna hue| donoM muni udyAna meM lauTa ge| unhoMne socA-'hama kAya-saMlekhanA kara cuke haiM, isalie aba anazana karanA caahie|' donoM ne bar3e dhairya ke sAtha anazana grahaNa kiyaa| ___ cakravartI sanatkumAra ne jaba yaha jAnA ki maMtrI namuci ke kAraNa hI sabhI logoM ko saMtrAsa sahanA par3A hai to usane maMtrI ko bA~dhane kA Adeza diyaa| maMtrI ko rassoM se bA~dha kara muniyoM ke pAsa laae| muniyoM ne rAjA ko samajhAyA aura usane maMtrI ko

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 . kathAnaka saMkramaNa 287 mukta kara diyA / cakravartI donoM muniyoM ke pairoM para gira pdd'aa| rAnI sunandA bhI sAtha thii| usane bhI vandanA kii| akasmAt hI usake keza muni sambhUta ke pairoM ko chU gae / muni sambhUta ko apUrva Ananda kA anubhava huaa| usane nidAna karane kA vicAra kiyaa| muni citra ne jJAna-zakti se yaha jAna liyA aura nidAna na karane kI zikSA dI, para saba vyartha / muni sambhUta ne nidAna kiyA-'yadi merI tapasyA kA phala hai to maiM cakravartI bn|' ... donoM muniyoM kA anazana cAlU thaa| ve mara kara saudharma devaloka meM deva bane / vahA~ kA AyuSya pUrA kara citra kA jIva purimatAla nagara meM eka ibhya seTha kA putra banA aura sambhUta kA jIva kAmpilyapura meM brahma rAjA kI rAnI culanI ke garbha meM aayaa| rAnI ne caudaha mahAsvapna dekhe / bAlaka kA janma huA / usakA nAma brahmadatta rakhA gyaa| ... rAjA brahma ke cAra mitra the--(1) kAzI deza kA adhipati kaTaka, (2) gajapura kA rAjA kaNeradatta, (3) kozala deza kA rAjA dIrgha aura (4) campA kA adhipati pusspcuul| rAjA brahma kA inake sAtha agAdha prema thaa| ve sabhI eka-eka varSa eka-eka ke rAjya meM rahate the| eka bAra ve saba rAjA brahma ke rAjya meM samudita ho rahe the| unhIM dinoM kI bAta hai, eka dina rAjA brahma ko asahya mastaka-vedanA utpanna huii| sthiti cintAjanaka bana gaI / rAjA brahma ne apane putra brahmadatta ko cAroM mitroM ko sauMpate hue kahA- "isakA rAjya tumheM calAnA hai|" mitroM ne svIkAra kiyaa| . kucha kAla bAda rAjA brahma ko mRtyu ho gaI / mitroM ne usakA antyeSTi-karma kiyaa| usa samaya kumAra brahmadatta choTI avasthA meM thaa| cAroM mitroM ne vicAra-vimarza kara kozala deza ke rAjA dIrgha ko rAjya kA sArA bhAra sauMpA aura bAda meM saba apane-apane rAjya kI ora cale ge| rAjA dIrgha rAjya kI vyavasthA karane lgaa| sarvatra usakA praveza hone lgaa| rAnI culanI ke sAtha usakA prema-bandhana gAr3ha hotA gyaa| donoM niHsakoca viSaya-vAsanA kA sevana karane lge| __rAnI ke isa duzcaraNa ko jAna kara rAjA brahma kA vizvasta maMtrI dhanu cintAgrasta ho * gyaa| usane socA-'jo vyakti adhama AcaraNa meM pha~sA huA hai, vaha bhalA kumAra brahmadatta kA kyA hita sAdha sakegA?' usane rAnI culanI aura rAjA dIrgha ke avaidha sambandha kI bAta apane putra varadhanu ke dvArA kumAra taka pahuMcAI / kumAra ko yaha bAta bahuta burI lgii| usane eka upAya DhU~r3hA / eka kauve aura eka kokila ko piMjare meM banda kara antaHpura meM le gayA aura rAnI culanI ko sunAte hue kahA-"jo koI bhI anucita sambandha jor3egA, use maiM isI prakAra piMjare meM DAla duuNgaa|" rAjA dIrgha ne yaha bAta sunii| usane culanI se kahA- "kumAra ne hamArA sambandha jAna liyA hai| mujhe kauvA aura tumheM koyala mAna saMketa diyA hai| aba hameM

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236 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sAvadhAna ho jAnA caahie|" culanI ne kahA- "vaha abhI baccA hai| jo kucha mana meM AtA hai, kaha detA hai|" rAjA dIrgha ne kahA-"nahIM, aisA nahIM hai| vaha hamAre prema meM bAdhA DAlane vAlA hai| usako mAre binA apanA sambandha nahIM nibha sktaa|" culanI ne kahA-"jo Apa kahate haiM, vaha sahI hai, kintu use kaise mArA jAe ? lokApavAda se bhI to hameM DaranA caahie|' rAjA dIrgha ne kahA-"janApavAda se bacane ke lie pahale hama isakA vivAha kara deM, phira jyoM-tyoM ise mAra deNge|' rAnI ne bAta mAna lii| eka zubha-velA meM kumAra kA vivAha sampanna huaa| usake zayana ke lie rAjA dIrgha ne hajAra stambha vAlA eka lAkSA-gRha bnvaayaa| idhara maMtrI dhanu ne rAjA dIrgha se prArthanA kI- "svAmin ! merA putra varadhanu maMtrI-pada kA kArya-bhAra saMbhAlane ke yogya ho gayA hai| maiM aba kArya se nivRtta honA cAhatA huuN| rAjA ne usakI prArthanA svIkAra kara lI aura chalapUrvaka kahA- "tuma aura kahIM jA kara kyA karoge? yahIM raho aura dAna Adi dharmoM kA pAlana kro|" maMtrI ne rAjA kI bAta mAna lii| usane nagara ke bAhara gaMgA nadI ke taTa para eka vizAla pyAU bnaaii| vahA~ vaha pathikoM aura parivrAjakoM ko pracura anna-pAna dene lgaa| dAna va sammAna ke vazIbhUta hue pathikoM aura parivrAjakoM dvArA usane lAkSA-gRha se pyAU taka eka suraMga khudvaaii| rAjA-rAnI ko isa suraMga kI bAta jJAta nahIM huii| rAnI culanI ne kumAra brahmadatta ko apanI navavadhU ke sAtha usa lAkSA-gRha meM bhejaa| donoM vahA~ ge| rAnI ne zeSa sabhI jAti-janoM ko apane-apane ghara bheja diyaa| maMtrI kA putra varadhanu vahIM rhaa| rAtri ke do pahara biite| kumAra brahmadatta gAr3ha nidrA meM lIna thaa| varadhanu jAga rahA thaa| acAnaka lAkSA-gRha eka hI kSaNa meM pradIpta ho utthaa| hAhAkAra macA / kumAra jAgA aura digamUr3ha banA huA varadhanu ke pAsa A bolA-"yaha kyA huA? aba kyA kareM ?" varadhanu ne kahA-'yaha rAja-kanyA nahIM hai, jisake sAtha ApakA pANigrahaNa huA hai| isameM pratibandha karanA ucita nahIM hai / calo hama cle|" usane kumAra brahmadatta ko eka saMketita sthAna para lAta mArane ko khaa| kumAra ne lAta maarii| suraMga kA dvAra khula gyaa| ve usameM ghuse| maMtrI ne pahale hI apane do vizvAsI puruSa suraMga ke dvAra para niyukta kara rakhe the| ve ghor3oM para car3he hue the| jyoM hI kumAra brahmadatta aura varadhanu suraMga se bAhara nikale tyoM hI unheM ghor3oM para car3hA diyaa| ve donoM vahA~ se cle| pacAsa yojana dUra jAkara tthhre| lambI yAtrA ke kAraNa ghor3e khinna hokara gira pdd'e| aba ve donoM vahA~ se paidala cle| calate-calate ve koSTha-grAma meM aae| kumAra ne varadhanu se kahA-"mitra ! pyAsa bahuta jora se lagI hai, maiM atyanta parizrAnta ho gayA hU~ / varadhanu gA~va meM gyaa| eka nAI ko sAtha le, vaha lauTA / kumAra kA sira muMDAyA, gerue

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 286 vastra pahinAeM aura zrIvatsAlaMkRta cAra aMgula pramANa paTTa-baMdhana se vakSasthala ko AcchAdita kiyaa| varadhanu ne bhI veSa parivartana kiyaa| donoM gA~va meM gae / eka dAsa ke lar3ake ne ghara se nikala kara unheM bhojana ke lie AmaMtrita kiyaa| ve donoM usake ghara ge| pUrNa sammAna se unheM bhojana kraayaa| usa gRhasvAmI ke baMdhumatI nAma kI eka putrI thii| bhojana kara cukane para eka mahilA AI aura kumAra ke sira para Akhe (akSata) DAle aura kahA- "yaha baMdhumatI kA pati hai|" yaha suna kara varadhanu ne kahA- "isa mUrkha baTuka ke lie kyoM apane Apako naSTa kara rahe ho ?" gRhasvAmI ne kahA-"svAmina ! eka bAra naimitrika ne hameM kahA thA jisa vyakti kA vakSasthala paTTa se AcchAdita hogA aura jo apane mitra ke sAtha yahA~ bhojana karegA, vahI isa kanyA kA pati hogaa|" kumAra ne baMdhumatI ke sAtha vivAha kiyA / dUsare dina varadhanu ne kumAra se kahA- "hameM bahuta dUra jAnA hai / " baMdhumatI se prasthAna kI bAta kaha varadhanu aura kumAra donoM vahA~ se cala pdd'e| eka gA~va meM Ae / varadhanu pAnI lene gayA / zIghra hI A usane kahA-"kumAra ! logoM meM yaha janazruti hai ki rAjA dIrgha ne brahmadatta ke sAre mArga roka lie haiM, aba hama pakar3e jAe~ge / ataH kucha upAya DhU~r3hanA caahie|" donoM rAjamArga ko chor3a, unmArga se cle| eka bhayaMkara aTavI meM phuNce| kumAra pyAsa se vyAkula ho gyaa| vaha eka vaTa-vRkSa ke nIce baitthaa| varadhanu pAnI kI Toha meM niklaa| ghUmate-ghUmate vaha dUra jA niklaa| rAjA dIrgha ke sipAhiyoM ne use dekha liyaa| unhoMne isakA pIchA kiyaa| vaha bahuta dUra calA gyaa| jyoM-tyoM kumAra ke pAsa A usane calane kA saMketa kiyaa| kumAra brahmadatta vahA~ se bhaagaa| vaha eka durgama kAntAra meM jA phuNcaa| pyAsa aura bhUkha se pariklAnta hotA huA tIna dina taka calakara kAntAra ko pAra kiyaa| usane vahA~ eka tApasa ko dekhaa| tApasa ke darzana mAtra se use jIvita rahane kI AzA ho gii| usane pUchA- "bhagavan ! ApakA Azrama kahA~ hai ?" tApasa ne Azrama kA sthAna batAyA aura use kulapati ke pAsa le gyaa| kumAra ne kulapati ko praNAma kiyaa| kulapati ne pUchA-"vatsa ! yaha aTavI apAya bahula hai| tuma yahA~ kaise AeM ?" kumAra ne sArI bAta yathArtha rUpa meM unase khii| - kulapati ne kahA-"vatsa ! tuma mujhe apane pitA kA choTA bhAI mAno / yaha Azramapada tumhArA hI hai| tuma yahA~ sukhapUrvaka rho|" kumAra vahIM rahane lagA / kAla biitaa| varSA Rtu A gaI / kulapati ne kumAra ko caturveda Adi mahattvapUrNa sArI vidyAe~ sikhaaii| ___eka bAra zarad Rtu meM tApasa phala, kaMda, mUla, kusuma, lakar3I Adi lAne ke lie araNya meM ge| vaha kumAra bhI kutUhalavaza unake sAtha jAnA cAhatA thaa| kulapati ne use rokA, para vaha nahIM mAnA aura araNya meM calA gyaa| vahA~ usane aneka sundara vanakhaNDa dekhe / vahA~ ke vRkSa phala aura puSpoM se samRddha the| usane eka hAthI dekhA aura gale

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260 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana se bhISaNa garjArava kiyaa| hAthI usakI ora daudd'aa| yaha dekha kumAra ne apane uttarIya ko gola geMda-sA banA hAthI kI ora pheNkaa| tatkSaNa hI hAthI ne usa geMda ko apanI sUMDa se pakar3a kara AkAza meM pheMka diyaa| aura bhI aneka ceSTAeM kii| hAthI atyanta kupita ho gyaa| kumAra ne use chala se pakar3a liyA aura aneka prakAra kI krIr3AoM se parizrAnta kara chor3a diyaa| kumAra utpatha se Azrama kI ora cala pdd'aa| vaha digmUr3ha ho gayA thaa| idhara-udhara ghUmate-ghUmate vaha eka nagara meM phuNcaa| vaha nagara jIrNa-zIrNa ho cukA thaa| usake kevala khaNDahara hI avazeSa the| vaha una khaNDaharoM ko Azcarya kI dRSTi se dekhane lgaa| dekhate-dekhate usakI A~kheM eka ora jA ttikiiN| usane eka khaDga aura caur3e muMha vAlA bA~sa kA kuMDA dekhA / usakA kutUhala bddh'aa| parIkSA karane ke lie usane khaDga se kaMDe para prahAra kiyaa| eka hI prahAra meM kuMDA nIce gira gyaa| usake andara se eka muMDa nikalA / manohara sira ko dekha use atyanta Azcarya huaa| usane socA--dhikkAra hai mere vyavasAya ko ! usane apane parAkrama kI nindA kI, bahuta pazcAttApa kiyA / usane eka ora UMce baMdhe hue pA~va vAle kabaMdha ko dekhA / usakI utsukatA aura bddh'ii| Age usane eka udyAna dekhaa| vahA~ eka saptabhauma prAsAda thaa| usake cAroM ora azoka-vRkSa the| vaha dhIre-dhIre prAsAda meM gyaa| usane vahA~ eka strI dekhii| vaha vikasita kamala tathA vidyAdhara sundarI kI taraha thii| usane pUchA- "sundarI ! tuma kauna ho ?" sundarI ne samaMzrama kahA-"mahAbhAga ! merA vRttAnta bahuta bar3A hai / tuma hI isakA samAdhAna de sakate ho / tuma kauna ho ? kahA~ se Ae ho ?" kumAra ne kokilAlApa kI taraha madhura usako vANI ko suna kara kahA-"sundarI ! maiM pAMcAla deza ke rAjA brahma kA putra huuN| merA nAma brahmadatta hai|" itanA sunate hI vaha mahilA atyanta harSita huii| Ananda usakI A~khoM se bAhara jhA~kane lagA / vaha uThI aura usake caraNoM meM gira par3I aura rone lgii| kumAra kA hRdaya dayA se bhIMga gyaa| 'devI ! mata ro'-yaha kaha usane use uThAyA aura pUchA- "devI ! tuma kauna ho ?" usane kahA-"Aryaputra ! maiM tumhAre mAmA puSpacUla rAjA kI lar3akI huuN| eka bAra maiM apane udyAna ke kueM ke pAsa vAlI bhUmi meM khela rahI thii| nATyonmatta nAma kA vidyAdhara vahA~ AyA aura mujhe uThA yahA~ le AyA / yahA~ Ae mujhe bahuta dina ho gae haiM / maiM parivAra kI virahAgni meM jala rahI huuN| Aja tuma acAnaka hI yahA~ A ge| mere lie yaha aciMtita svarNa-varSA huI hai| aba tumheM dekha kara mujhe jIne kI AzA bhI baMdhI hai|" kumAra ne kahA-"vaha mahAzatru kahA~ hai ? maiM usake bala kI parIkSA karanA cAhatA huuN|" strI ne kahA-"svAmin ! usane mujhe paThita siddha zaMkarI nAma kI vidyA dI aura kahA-isa vidyA ke smaraNa mAtra se vaha sakhi, dAsa Adi kA parivAra ke rUpa meM upasthita hokara tumhAre Adeza kA pAlana kregii| vaha tumhAre pAsa Ate hue, zatruoM kA

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khaMNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa .. nivAraNa kregii| use pUchane para vaha merI sabhI bAta btaaegii| maiMne eka bAra usakA smaraNa kiyaa| usane kahA-"yaha nATyonmatta nAma kA vidyAdhara hai| maiM usake dvArA yahA~ lAI gaI huuN| maiM adhika bhAgyavatI huuN| vaha merA teja saha nahIM skaa| isalie vaha mujhe isa vidyA nirmita tathA sapheda aura lAla dhvajA se bhUSita prAsAda meM chor3a gyaa| merA vRttAnta jAnane ke lie apanI bahina ke pAsa apanI vidyA ko preSita kara svayaM vaMzakuMDa meM calA gyaa| vidyA ko sAdha kara vaha mere sAtha vivAha kregaa| Aja usakI vidyAsiddhi hogii| . itanA suna kara brahmadatta kumAra ne puSpAvatI se usa vidyAdhara ke mAre jAne kI bAta khii| vaha atyanta prasanna ho bolI-"Arya ! Apane acchA kiyaa| vaha duSTa mArA gyaa|" donoM ne gandharva-vivAha kiyaa| kumAra kucha samaya taka usake sAtha rhaa| eka dina usane deva-valaya kA zabda sunaa| kumAra ne pUchA-"yaha kisakA zabda hai" ? usane kahA-"Aryaputra ! vidyAdhara nATayonmatta ko bahina khaNDavizAkhA usake vivAha ke lie sAmagrI lekara A rahI hai| tuma thor3I dera ke lie yahA~ se cale jaao| maiM usakI bhAvanA jAna lenA cAhatI huuN| yadi vaha tuma se anurakta hogI to maiM prAsAda ke Upara lAla dhvajA phaharA dUMgI anyathA sapheda / " kumAra vahA~ se calA gyaa| thor3e samaya bAda kumAra ne sapheda dhvajA dekhii| vaha dhIre-dhIre vahA~ se cala par3A aura giri-nikuJja meM A gyaa| vahA~ eka bar3A sarovara dekhaa| usane usameM DubakI lgaaii| uttara-pazcima tIra para jA niklaa| vahA~ eka sundara kanyA baiThI thii| kumAra ne use dekhA aura socA-aho ! yaha mere puNya kI pariNati hai ki yaha kanyA mujhe dIkha pdd'ii| kanyA ne bhI snehapUrNa dRSTi se kumAra ko dekhA aura vaha vahA~ se calI gii| thor3e hI samaya meM eka dAsI vahA~ AI aura kumAra ko vastra-yugala, puSpa-taMbola Adi bheMTa kie aura kahA-"kumAra ! sarovara ke samIpa jisa kanyA ko tumane dekhA thA, usI ne yaha bheMTa bhejI hai aura Apako maMtrI ke ghara meM Thaharane ke lie kahA hai| Apa vahA~ caleM aura sukhapUrvaka rheN|" kumAra ne vastra pahine, alaMkAra kiyA aura nAgadeva maMtrI ke ghara para jA pahuMcA / dAsI ne maMtrI se kahA"Apake svAmI kI putrI zrIkAntA ne inheM yahA~ bhejA hai| Apa inakA sanmAna kareM aura Adara se yahA~ rkheN|" maMtrI ne vaisA hI kiyaa| dUsare dina maMtrI kumAra ko sAtha le rAjA ke pAsa gayA / rAjA ne uTha kara kumAra ko Age Asana diyaa| rAjA ne vRttAnta pUchA aura bhojana se nivRtta hokara kahA- "kumAra ! hama ApakA aura kyA svAgata kareM ! kumArI zrIkAntA ko Apake caraNoM meM bheMTa karate haiM / " zubha dina meM vivAha sampanna huaa| eka dina kumAra ne zrIkAntA se pUchA-"tumhAre pitA ne mere sAtha tumhArA vivAha kaise kiyA ? maiM to akelA huuN|" usane kahA-"Aryaputra ! mere pitA parAkramI hissedAroM dvArA upadrata hokara isa viSama pallI meM raha rahe haiN| yaha nagara-grAma Adi ko lUTa kara

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262 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana durga meM cale Ate haiN| merI mAtA zrIpatI ke cAra putra the| unake bAda maiM utpanna huii| isalie pitA kA mujha para atyanta sneha thaa| jaba maiM yuvatI huI, taba eka bAra pitA ne kahA-"putrI ! sabhI rAjA mere viruddha haiM ata: jo ghara baiThe hI tumhAre lie ucita vara A jAe to mujhe khnaa|" isIlie maiM pratidina sarovara para jAtI hU~ aura manuSyoM ko dekhatI huuN| Aja mere puNyabala se tuma dIkha par3e / yahI saba rahasya hai| ___kumAra zrIkAntA ke sAtha viSaya-sukha bhogane lgaa| kucha dina biite| eka bAra vaha pallIpati apane sAthiyoM ko sAtha le eka nagara ko lUTane gyaa| kumAra bhI usake sAtha thaa| gA~va ke bAhara kamala sarovara ke pAsa usane apane mitra varadhanu ko baiThe dekhaa| varadhanu ne bhI kumAra ko pahicAna liyaa| asaMbhAvita darzana ke kAraNa vaha rone lgaa| kumAra ke use sAntvanA dii| use utthaayaa| varadhanu ne kumAra se pUchA-"mere parokSa meM tumane kyA-kyA anubhava kie haiM ?" kumAra ne atha se iti taka sArA vRttAnta kaha sunaayaa| kumAra ne kahA- "tuma apanI bhI bAta btaao|" ___ varadhanu ne kahA-"kumAra ! maiM tumheM eka vaTa-vRkSa ke nIce baiThe chor3a kara pAnI lene gayA thaa| maiMne eka bar3A sarovara dekhaa| maiM eka done meM jala bhara tumhAre pAsa A rahA thaa| itane meM hI mahArAja dIrgha ke sannaddha bhaTTa mere pAsa Ae aura bole---'varadhanu ! brahmadatta kahA~ hai ?' maiMne kahA- 'maiM nahIM jaantaa|' unhoMne mujhe bahuta pITA, taba maiMne kahA-'kumAra ko bAgha ne khA liyaa|' bhaTToM ne kahA'vaha pradeza hameM batAo, jahA~ bAgha ne kumAra ko khAyA thaa|' idhara-udhara ghUmatA huA maiM kapaTa se tumhAre pAsa AyA aura tumheM bhAga jAne ke lie saMketa kiyaa| maiMne bhI parivrAjaka dvArA dI gaI guTikA muMha meM rakhI aura usake prabhAva se maiM behoza ho gyaa| mujhe marA huA samajha kara ve bhaTTa cale ge| bahuta dera bAda maiMne muMha se guTikA nikaalii| mujhe hoza ho aayaa| hoza Ate hI maiM tumhArI Toha meM nikala par3A, parantu kahIM bhI tuma nahIM mile| maiM eka gA~va meM gyaa| vahA~ eka parivrAjaka ne kahA-maiM tumhAre pitA kA mitra hU~ / merA nAma vasubhAga hai| usane kahA--'tumhAre pitA dhanu bhAga gae / rAjA doghaM ne tumhArI mAtA ko mAtaGga ke muhalle meM DAla diyaa|' yaha suna kara mujhe bahuta duHkha huaa| maiM kAmpilyapura gayA aura kApAlika kA veza dhAraNa kara usa mAtaGga vastI ke pradhAna ko dhokhA de mAtA ko le aayaa| eka gA~va meM mere pitA ke mitra brAhmaNa devazarmA ke yahA~ mA~ ko chor3a kara tumhArI khoja meM yahA~ AyA huuN|" isa prakAra donoM apane-apane sukha-duHkha kI bAteM kara rahe the| itane meM hI eka puruSa vahA~ aayaa| usane kahA-"mahAbhAga ! tumheM yahA~ se kahIM bhAga jAnA cAhie / tumhArI khoja karate-karate rAjA dIrgha ke manuSya yahA~ A gae haiN|" itanA suna donoM kumAra aura varadhanu, vahA~ se cala pdd'e| gahana jaMgaloM ko pAra kara ve

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 263 kauzAmbI phuNce| gA~va ke bAhara eka udyAna meM tthhre| vahA~ sAgaradatta aura buddhilla nAma ke do zreSThI-putra apane-apane kukkuTa lar3A rahe the / lAkha mudrAoM kI bAjI lagI huI thii| kukkuToM kA yuddha prArambha huaa| sAgaradatta ke kukkuTa ne buddhilla ke kukkuTa ko girA ddaalaa| punaH buddhilla ke kukkuTa ne sAgaradatta ke kukkuTa ko girA diyaa| sAgaradatta kA kukkuTa paMgu ho gyaa| vaha buddhilla ke kukkuTa ke sAtha lar3ane meM asamartha thaa| sAgaradatta bAjI hAra gayA / itane meM hI darzaka ke rUpa meM khar3e varadhanu ne kahA-"yaha kyA bAta hai ki sAgaradatta kA kukkuTa sujAti kA hote hue bhI hAra gayA ? yadi Apako Apatti na ho to maiM parIkSA karanA cAhatA huuN|" sAgaradatta ne kahA-'mahAbhAga ! dekho-dekho merI lAkha mudrAe~ calI gii| isakA mujhe koI duHkha nahIM hai| parantu duHkha itanA hI hai ki mere abhimAna kI siddhi nahIM huii|" varadhanu ne buddhilla ke kukkuTa ko dekhaa| usake pA~voM meM lohe kI sUkSma sUiyA~ baMdhI huI thIM / buddhilla ne varadhanu ko dekhaa| vaha usake pAsa A dhIre se bolA-"yadi tU ina sUkSma sUiyoM kI bAta nahIM batAegA to maiM tujhe arddhalakSa mudrAeM duuNgaa|" varadhanu ne svIkAra kara liyaa| usane sAgaradatta se kahA-'zreSThin ! maiMne dekhA, para kucha bhI nahIM dIkhA / buddhilla ko jJAta na ho isa prakAra varadhanu ne A~khoM meM aMgulI ke saMcAra ke prayoga se sAgaradatta ko kucha saMketa kiyA / sAgaradatta ne apane kukkuTa ke pairoM meM sUkSma sUiyA~ bA~dha dI aura buddhilla kA kukkuTa parAjita ho gyaa| usane lAkha mudrAeM hAra dii| aba sAgaradatta aura buddhilla donoM samAna ho ge| sAgaradatta bahuta prasanna huaa| usane varadhanu se khaa-"aary| calo, hama ghara caleM !" donoM ghara phuNce| unameM atyanta sneha ho gayA / eka dina eka dAsa-ceTa aayaa| usane varadhanu ko ekAnta meM bulAyA aura kahA"sUI kA vyatikara na kahane para buddhilla ne jo tumheM arddhalakSa dene ko kahA thA, usake nimitta se usane cAlIsa hajAra kA yaha hAra bhejA hai|" yoM kaha kara usane hAra kA DibbA samarpita kara diyA / varadhanu ne usako svIkAra kara liyaa| use le vaha brahmadatta ke . pAsa gayA / kumAra ko sArI bAta kahI aura use hAra dikhAyA / hAra ko dekhate hue kumAra kI dRSTi hAra ke eka bhAga meM laTakate hue eka patra para jA ttikii| usa para brahmadatta kA nAma aMkita thaa| usane pUchA-"mitra ! yaha lekha kisakA hai ?" varadhanu ne kahA"kauna jAne ? saMsAra meM brahmadatta nAma ke aneka vyakti haiM, isameM Azcarya hI kyA hai ?" varadhanu kumAra ko ekAnta meM le gayA aura lekha ko dekhaa| usameM yaha gAthA aMkita thI pasthijjai jai vi jae, jaNeNa saMjoyajaNiyajatteNaM / taha vi tumaM ciya dhaNiyaM, rayaNavaI bhaNai maanne||

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264 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana -'yadyapi ratnavatI ko pAne ke lie aneka prArthI haiM, phira bhI ratnavatI tumhAre . lie hI samarpita hai|' __usane socA-maiM isake bhAvArtha ko kaise jaaneN| dUsare dina eka parivAjikA aaii| usane kumAra ke sira para Akhe tathA phUla DAle aura kahA--"putra ! hajAra varSa taka jiio|" itanA kaha kara vaha varadhanu ko ekAnta meM le gaI aura usake sAtha kucha maMtraNA kara vApasa calI gii| kumAra ne varadhanu ko pUchA-"yaha kyA kaha rahI thI ?" varadhanu ne kahA"kumAra ! usane mujhe kahA ki buddhilla ne jo hAra bhejA thA aura usake sAtha jo lekha thA usakA pratyuttara do|" maiMne kahA- "vaha brahmadatta nAma se aMkita hai|" yaha brahmadatta hai kauna ? usane kahA-"suno ! kintu use kisI dUsare ko mata kahanA / '' usane Age kahA "isI nagarI meM zreSThI-putrI ratnavatI rahatI hai / bAlyakAla se hI merA usa para apAra sneha hai / vaha yuvatI huI / eka dina maiMne use kucha socate hue dekhaa| maiM usake pAsa gii| maiMne kahA- "putrI ratnavatI ! kyA soca rahI hai ?" usake parijana ne kahA-yaha bahuta dinoM se isI prakAra udAsIna hai| maiMne use bAra-bAra pUchA / para vaha nahIM bolii| taba usakI sakhI priyaMgulatikA ne kahA-bhagavatI ! yaha lajjAvaza tumheM kucha bhI nahIM btaaegii| maiM kahatA hU~-eka bAra yaha udyAna meM krIr3A karane ke lie gaI / vahA~ usake bhAI buddhilla zreSThI ne lAkha mudrAoM kI bAjI para kukkuTa lar3Ae the| isane vahA~ eka kumAra ko dekhaa| usako dekhate hI yaha aisI bana gii| yaha suna kara maiMne usako kAma-vyathA (madana-vikAra) jAna lii| parivrAjikA ne snehapUrvaka kahA-"putrI ! yathArtha bAta btaao| taba usane jyoM-tyoM kahA-tuma merI mA~ ke samAna ho, tumhAre sAmane akathanIya kucha bhI nahIM hai / priyaMgulatikA ne jise batAyA hai, vaha brahmadatta kumAra yadi merA pati nahIM hogA to maiM nizcaya hI prANa tyAga duuNgii| yaha suna kara maiMne usase kahA-dhairya rkho| maiM vaisA upAya karUMgI, jisase ki tumhArI kAmanA saphala ho sake / yaha bAta suna kara kumArI ratnavatI kucha svastha huii| kala maiMne usake hRdaya ko AzvAsana dene ke lie kahA-maiMne brahmadatta kumAra ko dekhA hai| usane bhI kahA-bhagavatI ! tumhAre prasAda se saba kucha acchA hogaa| kintu usake vizvAsa ke lie buddhilla ke kathana ke miSa se hAra ke sAtha brahmadatta nAmAMkita eka lekha bheja denA / maiMne kala vaisA hI kiyaa|" Age usa parivAjikA ne kahA-"maiMne lekha kI sArI bAta tumheM batA dii| aba usakA pratyuttara do|" varadhanu ne kahA-maiMne use yaha pratyuttara diyA 'baMbhavatto vi guruguNavaradhaNukalio tti mANiu bhnnii| rayaNavaiM rayaNivaI cedo iva caMdaNI jogo|| -'varadhanu sahita brahmadatta bhI ratnavatI kA yoga cAhatA hai, jaise rajanIpati cA~da cA~danI kaa|'

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 265 ___ varadhanu dvArA kahI gaI sArI bAta suna kara kumAra ratnavatI ko binA dekhe hI usameM tanmaya ho gayA / usako prApta karane ke upAya socate-socate aneka dina bIta ge| ____ eka dina varadhanu bAhara se AyA aura sambhrAnta hotA huA bolA- "kumAra ! isa nagara ke svAmI dvArA kauzalAdhipati ne hameM DhU~Dhane ke lie vizvasta puruSoM ko bhejA hai| isa nagara ke svAmI ne DhU~DhanA prArambha kara diyA-aisA maiMne logoM se sunA hai|" yaha vyatikara jAna kara sAgaradatta ne donoM ko bhohare meM chapA diyaa| rAtri AI / kumAra ne sAgaradatta se kahA- "aisA koI upAya karo, jisase hama yahA~ se nikala jaaeN|" yaha suna kara sAgaradatta una donoM ko sAtha le, nagarI ke bAhara calA gyaa| kucha dUra ge| sAgaradatta unake sAtha jAnA cAhatA thaa| parantu jyoM-tyoM use samajhA kara ghara bhejA aura kumAra tathA varadhanu donoM Age calane lge| nagara ke bAhara phuNce| vahA~ eka udyAna thA / usameM eka yakSAyatana thaa| vahA~ eka vRkSa ke nIce eka ratha khar3A thaa| vaha zastroM se sajjita thaa| usake pAsa eka strI baiThI thii| kumAra ko dekha kara vaha uThI aura Adara-bhAva prakaTa karatI huI bolI-"Apa itane samaya bAda kaise Ae ?" yaha suna kumAra ne kahA- "bhadra ! hama kauna haiM ?" usane kahA-"svAmin ! Apa brahmadatta aura varadhanu haiN|" kumAra ne kahA--"tumane yaha kaise jAnA?" usane kahA- "suno ! isI nagarI meM dhanapravara nAma kA seTha rahatA hai| usakI patnI kA nAma dhanasaMcayA hai| usake ATha putra haiN| maiM usakI nauvIM santAna huuN| maiM yuvatI huii| mujhe koI puruSa pasanda nahIM aayaa| taba maiMne isa yakSa kI ArAdhanA prArambha kii| yakSa bhI merI bhakti se saMtuSTa huaa| vaha sAmane A bolA-beTI ! bhaviSya meM hone vAlA cakravartI brahmadatta kumAra tumhArA pati hogaa| maiMne pUchA-'maiM use kaise jAna sakeMgI ?' yakSa ne kahA-'buddhilla aura sAgaradatta ke kukkuTa-yuddha meM jisa puruSa ko dekha kara tumheM Ananda ho, use hI brahmadatta jAna lenaa|' usane mujhe jo batAyA, vaha saba yahA~ mila gyaa| maiMne jo hAra Adi bhejA, vaha Apa jAnate hI haiN|". yaha suna kara kumAra usameM anurakta ho gyaa| vaha usake sAtha ratha para ArUr3ha huA aura usase pUchA- "hameM kahA~ jAnA cAhie ?" ratnavatI ne kahA"magadhapura meM mere cAcA seTha dhanasArthavAha rahate haiN| ve hamArA vRttAnta jAna kara hamArA Agamana acchA mArnege / ataH Apa vahIM caleM, usake bAda jahA~ ApakI icchA ho|" . ratnavatI ke vacanAnusAra kumAra magadhapura kI ora cala pdd'aa| varadhanu ko sArathI bnaayaa| grAmAnugrAma calate hue ve kauzAmbI janapada ko pAra kara ge| Age calate hae ve eka gahana jaMgala meM jA phuNce| vahA~ kaMTaka aura sukaMTaka nAma ke do cora-senApati rahate the| unhoMne ratha aura usameM baiThI huI alaMkRta strI ko dekhaa| unhoMne yaha bhI jAna liyA ki ratha meM tIna hI vyakti haiM / ve sajjita hokara Ae aura una para prahAra karane lge|

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296 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana. kumAra ne bhI aneka prakAra se prahAra kie| cora-senApati hAra kara bhAga ge| kumAra ne ratha Age bddh'aayaa| varadhanu ne kahA- "kumAra ! tuma bahuta parizrAnta ho gae ho / kucha samaya ke lie ratha meM hI so jaao|" kumAra aura ratnavatI donoM so gae / ratha Age bar3ha rahA thaa| ve eka pahAr3I pradeza meM phuNce| ghor3e thaka ge| eka nadI ke pAsa jA, ve ruka ge| kumAra jAgA, jaMbhAI lekara utthaa| Asa-pAsa dekhaa| varadhanu nahIM dIkhA / kumAra ne socA-saMbhava hai pAnI lAne gayA ho| kucha dera bAda usane bhayAkrAnta ho varadhanu ko pukaaraa| koI uttara nahIM milaa| ratha ke agale bhAga ko dekhaa| vaha lohI se lipA huA thaa| kumAra ne socA-varadhanu mArA gayA hai| hA! maiM mArA gyaa| aba maiM kyA karUM ? yaha kahate hue vaha ratha meM hI mUcchita ho gira gyaa| kucha samaya biitaa| hoza aayaa| 'hA, hA, bhrAta varadhanu !' yaha kahatA huA pralApa karane lgaa| ratnavatI ne jyoMtyoM use bitthaayaa| kumAra ne kahA-"sUndarI! spaSTa nahIM jAna pA rahA hai ki kyA varadhana mara gayA hai yA jIvita hai ? maiM usako DhU~r3hane ke lie pIche jAnA cAhatA huuN|" ratnavatI ne kahA-"Aryaputra ! yaha pIche calane kA avasara nahIM hai| maiM ekAkinI huuN| yaha bhayaMkara jaMgala hai| isameM aneka cora aura zvApada rahate haiN| yahAM kI sArI ghAsa pairoM se rauMdI huI hai, isalie yahA~ pAsa meM hI koI vastI honI caahie|" kumAra ne usakI bAta mAna lii| vaha magadha deza kI ora cala pddaa| usa deza kI saMdhi-saMsthita eka grAma meM phuNcaa| grAma-sabhA meM baiThe hue ThAkura ne use praveza karate hue dekhaa| use vizeSa vyakti mAna kara baha utthaa| usakA sammAna kiyaa| apane ghara le gyaa| rahane ke lie makAna diyaa| jaba sukhapUrvaka vaha baiTha cukA thA, taba ThAkura ne kumAra se kahA-"mahAbhAga ! tuma bahata hI udvigna dokha rahe ho|" kumAra ne kahA- "merA bhAI coroM ke sAtha lar3atA huA na jAne kahA~ calA gayA? kisa avasthA ko prApta ho gayA ? use DhU~r3hane ke lie mujhe jAnA caahie|" ThAkura ne kahA-"Apa kheda na kreN| yadi vaha isa aTavI meM hogA to avazya hI mila jaaegaa|" ThAkUra ne apane Adamo bheje| vizvasta AdamI cAroM ora aTavI meM ge| ve Akara bole- "svAmin ! hameM aTavI meM koI khoja nahIM milii| kevala eka bANa milA hai|" yaha sunate hI kumAra atyanta udvigna ho gyaa| usane socA-nizcaya hI varadhana mArA gayA hai| rAta aaii| kumAra aura ratnavatI so ge| eka prahara rAta biitii| gA~va meM cora ghuse / lUTa-khasoTa hone lgii| kumAra ne coroM kA sAmanA kiyaa| sabhI cora bhAga ge| gA~va ke pramukha ne kumAra kA abhinandana kiyaa| prAta:kAla huaa| ThAkura ne apane putra ko unake sAtha bhejA / ve calate-calate rAjagRha phuNce| nagara ke bAhara eka parivrAjaka kA Azrama thaa| kumAra ratnavatI ko Azrama meM biThA -- gA~va ke andara gyaa| praveza karate hI usane aneka khambhoM para TikA huA, aneka kalAoM se nirmita eka dhavala bhavana dekhaa| vahAM do sundara kanyAeM baiThI thiiN| kumAra ko dekha kara atyanta anurAga

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 297 dikhAtI huI donoM ne kahA-"kyA Apa jaise mahApuruSoM ke lie yaha ucita hai ki bhakti se anurakta vyakti ko bhulA kara paribhramaNa karate raheM ?" kumAra ne kahA-"vaha kauna hai, jisake lie tuma kaha rahI ho ?" unhoMne kahA- "kRpA kara Apa Asana grahaNa kreN|" kumAra baiTha gyaa| snAna kiyaa| bhojana se nivRtta huaa| donoM striyoM ne kahA-"mahAsatva ! isI bharata ke vaitADhya parvata kI dakSiNa zreNI meM zivamandira nAma kA nagara hai / vahA~ jvalanasiMha nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA hai| usakI mahArAnI kA nAma vidyutazikhA hai| hama donoM unakI putriyA~ haiM / hamAre bar3e bhAI kA nAma nATyonmatta hai / eka bAra hamAre pitA agnizikha mitra ke sAtha goSThI meM baiThe the| unhoMne AkAza kI ora dekhaa| aneka deva tathA asura aSTApada parvata ke abhimukha jinezvara deva ke vandanArtha jA rahe the| rAjA bhI apane mitra tathA beTiyoM ke sAtha usI ora cala par3A / hama saba aSTApada parvata para phuNce| jinadeva kI pratimAoM ko vandanA kii| sugandhita dravyoM se arcA kii| tIna pradakSiNA kara lauTa rahe the| hamane dekhA ki eka azoka vRkSa ke nIce do muni khar3e haiM / ve caraNalabdhi sampanna the| hama unake pAsa ge| vandanA kara baiTha ge| unhoMne dharmakathA kahI___ 'saMsAra asAra hai| zarIra vinAzazIla hai| jIvana zarad Rtu ke bAdaloM kI taraha hai| yauvana vidyut ke samAna caJcala hai| bhoga kiMpAla phala jaise hai| indriya-janya sukha saMdhyA ke rAga kI taraha hai| lakSmI kuzAgna para Tike hue pAnI kI bUMda kI taraha caJcala hai| duHkha sulabha hai, sukha durlabha hai| mRtyu sarvatragAmI hai| aisI sthiti meM prANI ko - moha kA bandhana tor3anA caahie| jinendra praNIta dharma meM mana lagAnA caahie|' pariSad ne yaha dharmopadeza sunaa| loga visarjita hue| avasara dekha agnizikha ne pUchA-'bhagavan ! ina bAlikAoM kA pati kauna hogA?' muni ne kahA-'inakA pati bhAtR-vadhaka hogaa|' ___ yaha suna rAjA kA ceharA zyAma ho gyaa| hamane pitA se kahA-'tAta ! muniyoM ne jo saMsAra kA svarUpa batAyA hai, vaha yathArtha hai| hameM aisA vivAha nahIM caahie| hameM aisA viSaya-sukha nahIM caahie|' pitA ne bAta mAna lii| taba se hama apane priya bhAI kI snAna-bhojana Adi kI vyavasthA meM hI cintita rahatI haiN| hama apane zarIra-parikarma kA koI dhyAna nahIM rkhtiiN| - eka dina hamAre bhAI ne ghUmate hue tumhAre mAme kI lar3akI puSpavatI ko dekhaa| vaha usake rUpa para mugdha ho gayA aura use haraNa kara yahA~ le aayaa| parantu vaha usakI dRSTi sahane meM asamartha thaa| ata: vidyA ko sAdhane ke lie gyaa| Age kA vRttAnta Apa jAnate haiN|' 'he mahAbhAga ! usa samaya tumhAre pAsa se A kara puSpavatI ne hameM bhAI kA sArA vRttAnta sunaayaa| use suna kara hameM atyanta zoka huaa| hama rone lgiiN| puSpavatI ne 38 .

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268 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dharmadezanA de hameM zAnta kiyA aura saMkarI-vidyA se hamAre vRttAnta ko jAna kara usane kahA---'muni ke vacana ko yAda kro| brahmadatta ko apanA pati maano| hamane anurAga pUrvaka mAna liyaa| puSpavatI ke sapheda saMketa se Apa kahIM cale ge| hamane Apa ko aneka nagaroM va grAmoM meM DhU~r3hA, para Apa kahIM nahIM mile| anta meM hama khinna ho yahA~ aaii| Aja hamArA bhAgya jaagaa| atarkita hiraNya kI vRSTi ke samAna Apake darzana hue| he mahAbhAga ! puSpavatI kI bAta ko yAda kara Apa hamArI AzA pUrI kreN|" yaha suna kumAra prasanna huaa| sArI bAta svIkAra kara lii| unake sAtha gandharva vivAha kiyaa| rAta vahIM bitAI / prAtaHkAla huaa| kumAra ne kahA- "tuma donoM puSpavatI ke pAsa calI jaao| usake sAtha taba taka rahanA, jaba taka maiM rAjA na bana jAU~ / " donoM ne bAta mAna lii| unake jAne para kumAra ne dekhA ki na vahA~ prAsAda hai aura na parijana / usane socA-yaha vidyAdhAriyoM kI mAyA hai anyathA aisA indrajAla-sA kaise hotA ? kumAra ko ratnavatI kA smaraNa ho AyA aura vaha usako DhU~Dhane Azrama kI ora claa| vahA~ na to ratnavatI hI thI aura na koI duusraa| kise pUchU, yaha soca usane idhara-udhara dekhaa| koI nahIM milA / vaha usI kI cintA meM vyagra thA ki vahA~ eka puruSa dIkhA / kumAra ne pUchA-"mahAbhAga ! kyA tumane amuka-amuka AkRti tathA veSa-dhAraNa karane vAlI strI ko Aja yA kala kahIM dekhA hai ?" usane kahA- "kumAra ! kyA tuma ratnavatI ke pati ho ?" kumAra ne kahA-"hA~!" - usane kahA-"kala aparAhna velA meM maiMne usako rote dekhA thaa| maiM usake pAsa gayA aura pUchA-'putrI ! tuma kauna ho ? kahA~ se AI ho ? duHkha kA kAraNa kyA hai ? kahA~ jAnA hai ?' usane kucha khaa| maiMne use pahicAna liyaa| maiMne kahA-'tuma merI dhevatI ho| maiMne usakA vRttAnta jAnA aura use usake cAcA ke pAsa le gyaa| usane use AdarapUrvaka apane ghara meM praveza kraayaa| isIlie anveSaNa karane para bhI vaha tumheM nahIM milii| tumane acchA kiyA ki yahA~ A ge|" itanA kaha kara usane kumAra ko sArthavAha ke ghara le gyaa| ratnavatI ke sAtha usakA pANigrahaNa sampanna huaa| vaha viSayasukha kA bhoga karatA huA vahIM rahane lgaa| eka dina use yAda ho AyA ki Aja 'varadhanu kA dina hai' yaha soca usane brAhmaNoM ko bhojana ke lie nimaMtrita kiyaa| saMyogavaza varavanu brAhmaNa ke veza meM bhojana lene vahI A gyaa| usane eka naukara se kahA-"jAo! apane svAmI se kaho ki yadi tuma mujhe bhojana doge to vaha usa paralokavartI ke mu~ha aura peTa meM calA jAegA, jisake lie tumane bhoja kiyA hai|" naukara ne jA kumAra se sArI bAta khii| kumAra bAhara aayaa| usane brAhmaNa ko pahacAna liyaa| donoM ne paraspara AliMgana kiyaa| donoM andara ge| snAna, bhojana Adi se nivRtta ho kumAra ne varadhanu se apanA vRttAnta pUchA / varadhanu ne kahA

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khaNDa : 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 269 "usa rAta Apa donoM ratha para so gae the / maiM Age baiThA thaa| eka cora ghanI jhAr3I meM chapA baiThA thaa| usane pIche se bANa maaraa| maiM vedanA se parAbhUta ho dharatI para gira par3A / Apa para bhI koI Apatti na A jAe, isa lie maiMne AvAja nahIM kii| ratha vilIna ho gayA / maiM bhI saghana vRkSoM ko cIratA huA usI gA~va meM pahuMcA, jahA~ Apa the / vahA~ ke pradhAna se maiMne Apake viSaya kI sArI bAta jAna lii| mujhe atyanta harSa huaa| jyoMtyoM maiM yahA~ AyA / Apase milanA huaa|" donoM atyanta Ananda se dina bitA rahe the| eka bAra donoM ne vicAra kiyAkitane dina taka hama niThallepana-se baiThe rheNge| hameM koI upAya DhU~r3hanA caahie| madhumAsa aayaa| madanamahotsava kI velA meM nagara ke sAre loga krIr3A karane udyAna meM gae / kutUhalavaza kumAra aura varadhanu-donoM bhI vahIM ge| sabhI nara-nArI vividha krIr3AoM meM magna the| itane meM hI madonmatta rAja-hastI AlAna se chUTa gyaa| vaha niraMkuza ho daur3a pdd'aa| sabhI loga bhayabhIta ho ge| bhayaMkara kolAhala hone lgaa| sabhI krIr3AgoSThiyA~ bhaMga ho gii| isa pravRta kolAhala meM eka taruNa strI matahAthI ke bhaya se. pAgala kI taraha daur3atI huI trANa ke lie idhara-udhara dekha rahI thii| hAthI kI dRSTi usa para pdd'ii| cAroM ora hAhAkAra hone lgaa| strI ke parivAra vAle cillAne lge| kumAra ne yaha dekhA / vaha bhayabhIta taruNI ke Age ho, hAthI ko haaNkaa| kumArI baca gii| hAthI kumArI ko chor3a kara atyanta kupita ho, sUDa ko ghumAtA huA, kAnoM ko phar3aphar3AtA huA kumAra kI ora daudd'aa| kumAra ne apanI cAdara ko geMda banA hAthI kI ora pheNkaa| hAthI ne use roSa se apanI sUDa meM pakar3a AkAza meM uchAla diyaa| vaha dharatI para jA giraa| hAthI use punaH uThAne meM prayatnazIla thA ki kumAra zIghra hI usakI pITha para jA baiThA aura tIkhe aMkuza se usa para prahAra kiyaa| hAthI uchlaa| tatkSaNa hI kumAra ne mIThe vacanoM se use sambodhita kiyaa| hAthI zAnta ho gayA / logoM ne yaha dekhaa| cAroM ora se sAdhuvAda kI dhvani Ane lgii| maMgalapAThakoM ne kuMmAra kA jayaghoSa kiyaa| hAthI ko AlAna para le jAyA gyaa| kumAra pAsa hI khar3A rhaa| rAjA AyA / kumAra ko dekha vaha vismita huaa| usane pUchA-"yaha kauna hai ?" maMtrI ne sArI bAta batAI / rAjA prasanna huaa| kumAra ko sAtha le vaha apane rAjamahala meM aayaa| snAna-bhojana-pAna Adi se usakA satkAra kiyaa| bhojana ke pazcAt rAjA ne ' apanI ATha putriyA~ kumAra ko samarpita kii| zubha muhUrta meM vivAha-saMskAra sampanna huaa| kumAra kaI dina vahA~ rhaa| eka dina eka strI kumAra ke pAsa A kara bolI- "kumAra ! maiM Apa se kucha kahanA

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana cAhatI huuN|" kumAra ne kahA- "bolo|" usa strI ne kahA- "isI nagarI meM vaizramaNa nAma kA sArthavAha rahatA hai / usakI putrI kA nAma zramatI haiM / maiMne usako pAlA-poSA hai / vaha vahI bAlikA hai, jisakI tumane hAthI se rakSA kI hai| hAthI ke saMbhrama se baca jAne para usane tumheM jIvanadAtA mAna kara tumhAre prati anurakti dikhAI hai| tumhAre rUpa, lAvaNya aura kalA-kauzala ko dekha kara vaha tumhAre meM atyanta anurakta hai / tabhI se vaha tumheM dekhatI huI stambhita kI taraha, likhita mUrti kI taraha, bhUmi meM gar3hI kIla kI taraha, nizcala aura bharI A~khoM se kSaNa bhara vahA~ tthhrii| hAthI kA saMbhrama dUra hone para jyoM-tyoM use ghara le jAyA gyaa| vahA~ bhI vaha na snAna karatI hai, na bhojana hI karatI hai / vaha taba se mauna hai| maiM usake pAsa gii| usase kahA-'putrI ! tuma binA kAraNa hI kyoM anamanI ho rahI ho ? mere vacanoM kI kyoM avahelanA kara rahI ho ?' usane muskurAte hue kahA---'mA~ ! tumase maiM kyA chapAU~ ? kintu lajjAvaza maiM cupa huuN| mA~ ! yadi usa kumAra ke sAtha, jisane mujhe hAthI se bacAyA hai, merA vivAha nahIM ho jAtA, to merA maranA nizcita hai| yaha bAta suna maiMne usake pitA se sArI bAta khii| usane mujhe tumhAre pAsa bhejA hai / Apa kRpA kara isa bAlikA ko svIkAra kreN|' kumAra ne svIkAra kara liyaa| zubha dina meM usakA vivAha sampanna huaa| varadhanu kA vivAha amAtya subuddhi kI putrI nandA ke sAtha huaa| donoM sukha bhogate hue vahIM rahane lge| kaI dina bIte / cAroM ora unakI bAteM phaila gii| ve calate-calate vArANasI phuNce| rAjA kaTaka ne jaba yaha saMvAda sunA tava vaha bahuta hI prasanna huA aura pUrNa sammAna se kumAra brahmadatta kA nagara meM praveza krvaayaa| apanI putrI kaTakAvatI se usakA vivAha kiyaa| rAjA kaTaka ne dUta bheja kara senA-sahita puSpacUla ko bulA liyaa| maMtrI dhanu aura rAjA kaNerudatta bhI vahA~ A pahu~ce aura bhI aneka rAjA mila gae / una sabane varadhanu ko senApati ke pada para niyukta kara kAmpilyapura para car3hAI kara dii| ghamAsAna yuddha huaa| rAjA dIrgha mArA gyaa| 'cakravartI kI vijaya huI'--yaha ghoSa cAroM ora phaila gyaa| devoM ne AkAza se phUla barasAe / bArahavA~ cakravartI utpanna huA hai, yaha nAda huaa| sAmantoM ne kumAra brahmadatta kA cakravartI ke rUpa meM abhiSeka kiyaa| - rAjya kA paripAlana karatA huA brahmadatta sukhapUrvaka rahane lgaa| eka bAra eka naTa aayaa| usane rAjA se prArthanA kI--"maiM Aja madhukarI gIta nAmaka nATya-vidhi kA prardazana karanA cAhatA huuN|" cakravartI ne svIkRti de dii| aparAhna meM nATaka hone lgaa| usa samaya eka karmakarI ne phUla-mAlAeM lA kara rAjA ke sAmane rkhiiN| rAjA ne unheM dekhA aura madhukarI gIta sunaa| taba cakravartI ke mana meM eka vikalpa utpanna huA

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 'aisA nATaka usane pahale bhI kahIM dekhA hai|' vaha isa cintana meM lIna huA aura use pUrvajanma ko smRti ho aaii| usane jAna liyA ki aisA nATaka maiMne saudharma devaloka meM padmagulma nAmaka vimAna meM dekhA thaa| isakI smRti mAtra se vaha mUcchita ho kara bhUmi para gira pdd'aa| pAsa meM baiThe hue sAmanta uThe, candana kA lepa kiyaa| rAjA kI cetanA lauTa AI / samrAT Azvasta huaa| pUrvajanma ke bhAI kI yAda satAne lgii| usakI khoja karane ke lie usane eka mArga ddhuuNddh'aa| rahasya ko chipAte hue samrATa ne mahAmAtya varadhanu se kahA-"Asva dAsau mRgau haMso, mAtaGgAvamarau tathA"--isa zlokArddha ko saba jagaha pracArita karo aura yaha ghoSaNA karo ki isa zloka kI pUrti karane vAle ko samrATa apanA AdhA rAjya degaa| pratidina yaha ghoSaNA hone lgii| yaha arddha zloka dUra-dUra taka prasArita ho gayA aura vyakti-vyakti ko kaNThastha ho gyaa| idhara citra kA jIva devaloka se cyuta ho kara purimatAla nagara meM eka ibhya seTha ke ghara jnmaa| yuvA huaa| eka dina pUrva-janma kI smRti huI aura vaha muni bana gayA / eka bAra grAmAnugrAma vihAra karate hue vahIM kAmpilyapura meM AyA aura manorama nAma ke kAnana meM tthhraa| eka dina vaha kAyotsarga kara rahA thaa| usI samaya rahaMTa ko calAne vAlA eka vyakti vahA~ bola uThA 'Asva dAsau mRgau haMsau, mAtaGgAvamarau tathA / ' muni ne yaha sunA aura usake Age ke do caraNa pUrA karate hue kahA'eSA nauH SaSThikA jAtiH, anyonyAbhyAM viyuktayoH // ' rahaMTa calAne vAle usa vyakti ne una donoM caraNoM ko eka patra meM likhA aura AdhA rAjya pAne kI khuzI meM vaha daur3A-daur3A rAja-darabAra meM phuNcaa| samrATa kI anumati prApta kara vaha rAjya sabhA meM gayA aura eka hI sA~sa meM pUrA zloka samrATa ko sunA DAlA / use sunate hI samrAT snehavaza mUcchita ho ge| sArI sabhA kSubdha ho gii| sabhAsad kruddha hueM aura use pITane lge| unhoMne kahA- "tU ne samrATa ko mUcchita kara diyaa| yaha kaisI terI zloka-pUrti ?" mAra par3I, taba vaha bolA- "mujhe mata maaro| zloka kI pUrti maiMne nahIM kI hai|" "to kisane kI hai ?'-sabhAsadoM ne pUchA / vaha bolA-"mere rahaMTa ke pAsa khar3e eka muni ne kI hai|" anukUla upacAra pA kara samrATa sacetana huaa| sArI bAta kI jAnakArI prApta kI aura vaha muni ke darzana ke lie saparivAra cala pdd'aa| kAnana meM phuNcaa| muni ko dekhaa| vandanA kara vinayapUrvaka unake 1-sukhabodhA, patra 1851197

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302 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pAsa baiTha gyaa| bichur3A huA yoga punaH mila gyaa| aba ve donoM bhAI sukha-duHkha ke phala-vipAka kI carcA karane lge| ____ mahAn Rddhi-sampanna aura mahAn yazasvI cakravartI brahmadatta ne bahumAna-pUrvaka apane bhAI se isa prakAra kahA "hama donoM bhAI the-eka dUsare ke vazavartI, paraspara anurakta aura paraspara hitaissii| ... 'hama donoM dazArNa deza meM dAsa, kAliMjara parvata para hiraNa, mRta-gaMgA ke kinAre haMsa aura kAzI-deza meM cANDAla the| - "hama donoM saudharma devaloka meM mahAn Rddhi vAle deva the| yaha hamArA chaThA janma hai, jisameM hama eka-dUsare se bichar3a ge|" muni ne kahA- "rAjan ! tU ne nidAnakRta (bhoga-prArthanA se vadhyamAn) karmoM kA cintana kiyaa| unake phala-vipAka se hama bichur3a ge|" cakrI ne kahA- "citra ! maiMne pUrva-janma meM satya aura zaucamaya zubha anuSThAna kie the| Aja maiM unakA phala bhoga rahA huuN| kyA tU bhI vaisA hI bhoga rahA hai ?" ___ muni ne kahA- "manuSyoM kA saba sucIrNa ( sukRta ) saphala hotA hai / kie hue karmoM kA phala bhoge binA mukti nahIM hotI / merI AtmA uttama artha aura kAmoM ke puNyaphala se yukta hai| ___ "sambhUta ! jisa prakAra tU apane ko mahAn anubhAga (acintya-zakti) sampanna, mahAn RddhimAn aura puNya-phala se yukta mAnatA hai, usI prakAra citra ko bhI jAna / rAjan ! usake bhI pracura Rddhi aura dhuti thii| ___ "sthaviroM ne jana-samudAya ke bIca alpAkSara aura mahAn artha vAlI jo gAthA gAI, jise zIla aura zruta se sampanna bhikSu bar3e yatna se arjita karate haiM, use sunakara maiM zramaNa ho gyaa|" - cakrI ne kahA- "uccodaya, madhu, karka, madhya aura brahmA-ye pradhAna prAsAda tathA dUsare aneka ramya prAsAda haiM / paMcAla deza kI viziSTa vastuoM se yukta aura pracura evaM vicitra hiraNya Adi se pUrNa yaha ghara hai-isakA tU upabhoga kara / .. "he bhikSu ! tU nATya, gIta aura vAdyoM ke sAtha nArIjanoM ko parivRta karatA huA ina bhogoM ko bhoga / yaha mujhe rucatA hai| pravrajyA vAstava meM hI kaSTakara hai|" . dharma meM sthita aura usa (rAjA) kA hita cAhane vAle citra muni ne pUrva-bhava ke snehavaza apane prati anurAga rakhane vAle kAmaguNoM meM Asakta rAjA se yaha vacana kahA: "saba gIta vilApa haiM, saba nATya viDambanA haiM, saba AbharaNa bhAra haiM aura saba kAma-bhoga duHkhakara haiN| 1-sukhabodhA, patra 185-197 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 303 - "rAjan ! ajJAniyoM ke lie ramaNIya aura duHkhakara kAma-guNoM meM vaha sukha nahIM hai, jo sukha kAmoM se virakta, zIla aura guNa meM rata tapodhana bhikSu ko prApta hotA hai| ___"narendra ! manuSyoM meM cANDAla-jAti adhama hai| usameM hama donoM utpanna ho cuke haiN| vahA~ hama cANDAloM kI bastI meM rahate the aura saba loga hamase dveSa karate the| ___ "hama donoM ne kutsita cANDAla-jAti meM janma liyA aura cANDAloM kI bastI meM nivAsa kiyaa| saba loga hamase ghRNA karate the| isa janma meM jo uccatA prApta huI hai, vaha pUrva-kRta zubha karmo kA phala hai| "usI ke kAraNa vaha tU mahAn anubhAva (acintya-zakti) sampanna, mahAn RddhimAn aura puNya-phala yukta rAjA banA hai| isIlie tU azAzvata bhogoM ko chor3a kara cAritradharma kI ArAdhanA ke lie abhiniSkramaNa kr| "rAjan ! jo isa azAzvata jIvana meM pracura zubha-anuSThAna nahIM karatA, vaha mRtyu ke muMha meM jAne para pazcAttApa karatA hai aura dharma kI ArAdhanA nahIM hone ke kAraNa paraloka meM bhI pazcAttApa karatA hai / "jisa prakAra siMha hiraNa ko pakar3a kara le jAtA hai, usI prakAra antakAla meM mRtyu manuSya ko le jAtI hai| kAla Ane para usake mAtA-pitA yA bhAI aMzadhara nahIM hoteapane jIvana kA bhAga de kara bacA nahIM paate| . "jJAti, mitra-varga, putra aura bAndhava usakA duHkha nahIM baMTA skte| vaha svayaM akelA duHkha kA anubhava karatA hai| kyoMki karma kartA kA anugamana karatA hai| . "yaha parAdhIna AtmA dvipada, catuSpada, kheta, ghara, dhana, dhAnya, vastra Adi saba kucha chor3a kara kevala apane kie karmoM ko sAtha lekara sukhada yA duHkhada para-bhava meM jAtA hai| ___ "usa akele aura asAra zarIra ko agni se citA meM jalA kara strI, putra aura jJAti kisI dUsare dAtA (jIvikA dene vAle ) ke pIche cale jAte haiN| '"rAjan ! karma binA bhUla kie ( nirantara ) jIvana kI mRtyu ke samIpa le jA rahe haiN| bur3hApA manuSya ke varNa ( susnigdha kAnti ) kA haraNa kara rahA hai| paJcAla-rAja ! merA vacana suna, pracura karma mata kara / cakrI ne kahA- "sAdho ! tU jo mujhe yaha vacana jaise kaha rahA hai, vaise maiM bhI jAnatA hU~ ki ye bhoga Asaktijanaka hote haiN| kintu he Arya ! hamAre jaise vyaktiyoM ke lie ve durjeya haiN| . "citra mune ! hastinApura meM mahAn Rddhi vAle cakravartI (sanatkumAra) ko dekha bhogoM meM Asakta ho kara maiMne azubha nidAna (bhoga-saMkalpa) kara ddaalaa|

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304 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __ "usakA maiMne pratikramaNa (prAyazcitta) nahIM kiyaa| usI kA yaha aisA phala hai ki meM dharma ko jAnatA huA bhI kAma-bhogoM meM mUchita ho rahA huuN| ___ "jaise paMka-jala (daladala) meM phaMsA huA hAthI sthala ko dekhatA huA bhI kinAre para nahIM pahuMca pAtA, vaise hI kAma-guNoM meM Asakta bane hue hama zramaNa-dharma ko jAnate hue bhI usakA anusaraNa nahIM kara paate|" ___ muni ne kahA-"jIvana bIta rahA hai| rAtriyA~ daur3I jA rahI haiN| manuSyoM ke bhoga bhI nitya nahIM haiN| ve manuSya ko prApta kara use chor3a dete hai, jaise kSoNa phala vAle vRkSa ko pkssii| ___ "rAjan ! yadi tU bhogoM kA tyAga karane meM asamartha hai, to Arya-karma kara / dharma meM sthita ho kara saba jIvoM para anukampA karane vAlA bana, jisase tU janmAntara meM vaikriyazarIra vAlA deva hogaa| "tujha meM bhogoM ko tyAgane kI buddhi nahIM hai| tU Arambha aura parigraha meM Asakta haiM / maiMne vyartha hI itanA pralApa kiyaa| tujhe AmaMtrita (sambodhita) kiyaa| rAjan ! aba maiM jA rahA huuN|" paMcAla-janapada ke rAjA brahmadatta ne muni ke vacana kA pAlana nahIM kiyaa| vaha anuttara kAma-bhogoM ko bhoga kara anuttara naraka meM gyaa| kAmanA se virakta aura pradhAna cAritra-tapa vAlA maharSi citra anuttara saMyama kA pAlana kara anuttara siddha-gati ko prApta huaa| -uttarAdhyayana, 13 // 4-35 / cittasambhUta jAtaka ka vartamAna kathA unakA paraspara bahuta vizvAsa thaa| sabhI kucha Apasa meM bA~Tate the| bhikSATana ke lie ikaTTha jAte aura ikaTThe hI vApasa lauTate / pRthak-pRthak nahIM raha sakate the| dharmasabhA meM baiThe bhikSu unake vizvAsa kI hI carcA kara rahe the / zAstA ne A kara pUchA- "bhikSuo, baiThe kyA bAtacIta kara rahe ho ?" "amuka bAtacIta" kahane para "bhikSuo, isameM kucha Azcarya nahIM hai yadi yaha eka janma meM paraspara vizvAsI haiM, purAne paNDitoM ne tIna-cAra janmAntaroM taka bhI mitra-bhAva nahIM tyAgA" kaha pUrva-janma kI kathA khii|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 305 kha. atIta kathA - pUrva samaya avanti rASTra meM ujjenI meM avanti-mahArAja rAjya karate the| usa samaya ujjenI ke bAhara cANDAlagrAma thaa| bodhisatva ne vahA~ janma grahaNa kiyaa| eka dUsare prANI ne bhI usakI mAsI kA putra ho kara janma grahaNa kiyaa| unameM se eka kA nAma citta thA, dUsare kA sambhUta / una donoM ne bar3e hokara cANDAlavaMza dhopana (?) nAma kA siikhaa| eka dina ujjainI-nagara-dvAra para zilpa dikhAne kI icchA se eka ne uttaradvAra para zilpa dikhAyA, dUsare ne pUrva-dvAra para / ___ usa nagara meM do duSTa-maGgalikAyeM thIM-eka seTha kI lar3akI, dUsarI purohita kI ldd'kii| una donoM ne bahuta-sA khAdya-bhojya liyA aura udyAna-krIr3A ke lie jAne kI icchA se eka uttara-dvAra se nikalI tathA dUsarI pUrva-dvAra se| unhoMne una cANDAla-putroM ko zilpa dikhAte dekhA to pUchA-ye kauna haiM ? "cANDAla-putra / " unhoMne sugandhita jala se A~kheM dhoI aura vahIM se vApasa ho gaI-na dekhane yogya dekhaa| janatA ne una donoM ko pITa kara bahuta pIr3A pahu~cAI--"re duSTa cANDAlo ! tumhAre kAraNa hameM muphta kI zarAba aura bhojana nahIM milaa|" jaba unheM hoza AyA to donoM eka dUsare ke pAsa gaye aura eka jagaha mila kara eka dUsare ko duHkha-samAcAra kahA aura roye-piitte| taba unhoMne socA-kyA kareM ? taba nizcaya kiyA- "yaha duHkha hameM apanI 'jAti' ke kAraNa huaa| hama cANDAla-karma na kara skeNge| 'jAti' chipAkara brAhmaNa-vidyArthI bana takSazilA jA kara zilpa sIkheMge / " ve takSazilA pahu~ce aura dharma-ziSya bana kara prasiddha AcArya ke pAsa vidyA grahaNa karane lage / jambUdvIpa meM do 'cANDAla' jAti chipA kara vidyA grahaNa kara rahe haiM. yaha bAta kahI-sunI jAne lgii| una donoM meM se citta paNDita kA vidyA-grahaNa samApta ho gayA thA, sambhUta kA abhI nhiiN| eka dina eka grAmavAsI ne AcArya ko pATha karane ke lie nimantraNa diyaa| usI dina rAta ko varSA hokara mArga ke kandarA Adi bhara gye| AcArya ne prAtaHkAla hI citta paNDita ko bulavA kara kahA-"tAta ! maiM na jA skuuNgaa| tU vidyArthiyoM ko sAtha le jA aura maGgala-pATha kara apanA hissA khAkara hamArA hissA le aanaa|" vaha 'acchA' kaha vidyArthiyoM ko sAtha lekara gyaa| jaba taka brahmacArI-gaNa snAna kareM tathA mu~ha dhoyeM taba taka AdamiyoM ne ThaMDI hone ke lie khIra parosa kara rakha dii| vaha abhI ThaMDI nahIM huI thI tabhI brahmacArI Akara baiTha gye| AdamiyoM ne 'dakSiNodaka' de unake sAmane thAliyA~ rakhIM / sambhUta ne ekadama mUTha kI taraha khIra ko ThaMDI samajha khIra-piMDa lekara mu~ha me DAla liyaa| usakA mu~ha aise jalane lagA mAno lohe kA garma golA mu~ha meM calA gayA ho| vaha kA~pa gayA aura hoza ThikAne na rakha sakane ke kAraNa citta paNDita kI ora dekha cANDAla-bhASA meM bola par3A.-"are ! aisA hai !" usane bhI usI prakAra dhyAna na rakha

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana .. .. cANDAla-bhASA meM hI kahA-"nigala, nigl|" brahmacAriyoM ne paraspara eka dUsare kI . ora dekhA-yaha kyA bhASA hai ? citta paNDita ne maGgala-pATha kiyaa| brahmacAriyoM ne (vahA~ se) nikala pRthak-pRthak ho jahA~-tahA~ baiTha bhASA kI parIkSA kI aura patA lagA liyA ki yaha cANDAla-bhASA hai| taba unhoMne una donoM ko pITA-re duSTa cANDAlo ! itane dina taka 'hama brAhmaNa haiM' kaha kara hameM dhokhA diyaa| taba eka satpuruSa ne "haTo" kaha kara unheM bacAyA aura upadeza diyA-yaha tumhArI 'jAti' kA doSa hai, jAo kahIM pravrajita hokara jiivo| brahmacAriyoM ne jAkara AcArya ko kaha diyA ki ye cANDAla haiM / ve bhI jaMgala meM jA RSiyoM kI pravrajyA ke DhaMga para pravajita hue| phira thor3e hI samaya bAda vahA~ se cyuta hokara neraJjarA nadI ke kinAre mRgI kI kokha meM janma grahaNa kiyaa| ve mAtA kI kokha se nikalane ke samaya se hI ikaTe carate, pRthak-pRthak na raha sakate / / eka dina cara cukane ke bAda sira se sira, sIMgoM se sIMga, thothanI se thothanI milAye khar3e jugAlI kara rahe the| eka zikArI ne zakti calA eka hI coTa meM donoM kI jAna le lii| vahA~ se cyuta hokara narmadA ke kinAre vaha (bAja ?) hokara paidA hue| vahA~ bhI bar3e hone para coMgA cukane ke bAda sira se sira, coMca se coMca milAkara khar3e the| eka cir3ImAra ne unheM dekhA aura eka hI jhaTake meM pakar3a kara mAra DAlA / kintu, vahA~ se cyuta hokara cita paNDita to kosambI meM purohita kA putra hokara paidA huA, sambhUta paNDita uttara pAJcAla rAjA kA putra hokara / nAmakaraNa ke dina se unheM apane pUrva-janma yAda A gye| unameM se sambhUta paNDita ko kramazaH yAda na raha sakane ke kAraNa kevala cANDAla kA janma hI yAda thA, kintu citta-paNDita ko kramazaH cAroM janma yAda the| vaha solaha varSa kA hone para (ghara se) nikalA aura RSi-pravajyA grahaNa kara dhyAna-abhijJA-lAbhI ho dhyAna-sukha kA Ananda letA huA samaya bitAne lgaa| ___ sambhUta paNDita ne pitA ke marane para chatra dhAraNa kiyaa| usane chatra-dhAraNa ke dina hI maMgala-gIta ke rUpa meM ullAsa-vAkya ke taura para do gAthAyeM khiiN| unheM suna 'yaha hamAre rAjA kA maGgala-gIta hai' karake ranivAsa kI striyA~ tathA gandharva usI gIta ko gAte the| kramazaH sabhI nagara-nivAsI bhI 'yaha hamAre rAjA kA priya gIta hai' samajha use hI gAne lge| citta paNDita ne himAlaya meM rahate hI rahate socA-"kyA mere bhAI sambhUta ne abhI chatra-dhAraNa kiyA hai, athavA nahIM kiyA hai ?' use patA lagA ki dhAraNa kara liyA hai| taba usane socA-"abhI nayA rAjya hai| abhI samajhA na skuuNgaa| bUr3he hone para usake pAsa jA, dharmopadeza de use pravajita kruuNgaa|" vaha pacAsa varSa ke bAda jaba rAjA ke lar3ake-lar3akI bar3e ho gaye, Rddhi se vahA~ pahuMce aura jA kara udyAna meM utara, maGgala-zilA para svarNa-pratimA kI taraha baitthe|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa usa samaya eka lar3akA usa gIta ko gAtA huA lakar3iyA~ baTora rahA thaa| cittapaNDita ne use bulAyA / vaha Akara praNAma karake khar3A huaa| usase pUchA-"tU prAta:kAla se yahI eka gIta gAtA hai / kyA aura nahIM jAnatA ?" "bhante ! aura bhI aneka gIta jAnatA huuN| kintu ye hamAre rAjA ke priya gIta haiM, isalie inheM hI gA rahA huuN|" "kyA rAjA ke viruddha gIta gAne vAlA bhI koI hai ?" "bhante ! koI nhiiN|" "tU rAjA ke gIta ke viruddha gIta gA sakegA ?" "jAnagA to gA skuuNgaa|" "to tU rAjA ke do gIta gAne para ise tIna gIta karake gaanaa| rAjA ke pAsa jAkara gAnA / rAjA prasanna hokara tujhe bahuta aizvarya degaa|" unhoMne use gIta de vidA kiyA / vaha zIghra mA~ ke pAsa gayA aura saja-sajA kara rAjadvAra para phuNcaa| vahA~ usane kahalavAyA-eka lar3akA Apake sAtha prati-gIta gaayegaa| rAjA ne kahalavAyA-A jAya / usane jAkara praNAma kiyA / rAjA ne pUchA-'tAta ! tU prati-gIta gAyegA ?" "hA~ deva ! sArI rAjya-pariSad ikaTThI kraayeN|" jaba sArI rAjya-pariSad ikaTThI ho gaI taba usane rAjAse kahA- "deva ! Apa apanA gIta gAyeM, maiM prati-gIta gaauuNgaa|" rAjA ne do gAthAyeM kahIM [ AdamiyoM ke kie hue sabhI karma phala dete haiM, kiyA gayA koI karma vyartha nahIM jaataa| maiM dekhatA hU~ ki mahAnubhAva sambhUta apane karma se puNya-phala ko prApta huA hai // 1 // ] [AdamiyoM ke kiye sabhI karma phala dete haiN| kiyA gayA koI karma vyartha nahIM jaataa| kadAcit citta kA bhI mana mere hI mana kI taraha samRddha hogA // 2 // ] usake gIta ke bAda lar3ake ne gAte hue tIsarI gAthA kahI [AdamiyoM ke kie hue sabhI karma phala dete haiM, kiyA gayA koI karma vyartha nahIM jaataa| he deva ! yaha jAneM ki citta kA mana bhI tumhAre mana hI kI taraha samRddha hai // 3 // ] yaha suna rAjA ne cauthI gAthA kahI [ kyA tU citta hai, athavA tU ne apane ko citta kahane vAle kisI se yaha gAthA sunI hai, athavA tujhe kisI aise AdamI ne jisane citta ko dekhA kahIM ho yaha gAthA kahI hai ?

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308 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . mujhe isameM sandeha nahIM hai ki gAthA acchI prakAra kahI gaI hai| maiM tujhe sau gA~va detA hU~ // 4 // ] taba lar3ake ne pA~cavIM gAthA kahI-- - [ maiM citta nahIM huuN| maiMne anyatra se hI sunI hai| (tumhAre udyAna meM baiThe hue eka) RSi ne hI mujhe yaha sikhAyA hai ki jAkara rAjA ke sAmane yaha gAthA kho| vaha santuSTa hokara vara de sakatA hai // 5 // ] yaha suna rAjA ne socA vaha merA bhAI citta hogaa| abhI jAkara use deluuNgaa| usane AdamiyoM ko AjJA dete hue do gAthAyeM kahIM--- [sundara silAI vAle, acche bane hue ratha jote jaayeN| hAthiyoM ko kaso aura unake gale meM mAlAyeM (Adi) DAlo // 6 // bherI, mRdaGga tathA zaGkha baje / zIghra yAna jote jaayeN| Aja hI maiM usa Azrama meM jAUMgA jahA~ jAkara baiThe hue RSi ko dekhUgA // 7 // ] usane yaha kahA aura zreSTha ratha para car3ha zIvra jAkara udyAna ke dvAra para ratha chor3a citta-paNDita ke pAsa phuNcaa| vahA~ praNAma kara eka ora khar3e ho prasanna mana se AThavIM gAthA kahI- [pariSad ke bIca meM kahI huI gAthA ke kAraNa Aja mujhe bar3A lAbha huaa| Aja maiM zIla-vrata se yukta RSi ko dekha kara prIti-yukta tathA prasanna hU~ // 8 // ] citta-paNDita ko dekhane ke samaya se hI usane prasanna ho "mere bhAI ke lie palaMga bichAo" Adi AjJA dete hue nauvIM gAthA kahI [ Apa Asana tathA pAdodaka grahaNa kreN| hama Apa se arghya ke bAre meM pUcha rahe haiM / Apa hamArA arghya grahaNa kareM // 6 // ] ____ isa prakAra madhura-svAgata kara rAjya ke bIca meM se do Tukar3e karake dete hue yaha gAthA kahI [ tumhAre lie sundara bhavana banAyeM aura nArIgaNa tumhArI sevA meM rheN| mujha para kRpA karake mujhe AjJA deN| hama donoM milakara yahA~ rAjya kareM // 10 // ] usakI yaha bAta suna cita-paNDita ne dharmopadeza dete hue chaH gAthAyeM kahIM [he rAjan ! duSkarmoM kA burA phala dekhakara aura zubha-karmoM kA mahAn vipAka dekhakara maiM apane Apako hI saMyata rakhUgA-mujhe putra, pazu tathA dhana nahIM cAhie // 11 // ____ prANiyoM kA jIvana yahA~ dasa dazAnDoM kA hI hai| binA usa avadhi ko pahu~ce ho prANI TUTe bA~sa ke samAna sUkha jAtA hai // 12 //

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNaM : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa - aisI avasthA meM kyA Ananda, kyA krIr3A, kyA majA, kyA dhana kI khoja ? mujhe putra tathA dArA se kyA prayojana ? rAjan ! maiM bandhana se mukta hU~ // 13 // yaha maiM acchI taraha jAnatA hU~ ki mRtyu mujhe nahIM bhuulegii| jaba mRtyu sira para ho to kyA majA aura kyA dhana kI khoja // 14 // he rAjan ! cANDAla-yoni AdamiyoM meM nikRSTa aura adhama jAti hai| hama apane pApa-karmoM ke hI kAraNa pahale cANDAla-yoni meM utpanna hue // 15 // avantI meM cANDAla hue, neraarA ke taTa para mRga, narmadA ke taTa para (?) bAja aura Aja vahI brAhmaNa-kSatriya // 16 // ] isa prakAra pUrva samaya kI nikRSTa yoniyoM kA prakAzana kara aba isa janma ke bhI Ayu-saMskAroM ke sImita hone kI bAta kaha puNya kI preraNA karate hue cAra gAthAe~ kahIM [alpAyu prANI ko ( mRtyu ke pAsa ) le jAtI hai| jarA-prApta ke lie rakSA kA koI upAya nahIM hai.| he paJcAla ! merA yaha kahanA kara-aise karma jinase duHkha utpanna ho mata kara ||17||''''''aise karma jinakA phala duHkha ho mata kara ||18||"aise karma jo citta-maila rUpI dhUla se DhaMke hoM mata kara // 16 // alAyu prANI ko (mRtyu ke pAsa) le jAtI hai / jarA prANI ke varNa kA nAza kara detI hai / he paJcAla ! merA yaha kahanA karaaise karma mata kara jo naraka meM utpatti kA kAraNa ho // 20 // ] bodhisatva ke aisA kahate rahane para rAjA ne prasanna ho tIna gAthAyeM kahIM [he RSi ! jisa taraha se tU kahatA hai usI taraha se terA yaha kahanA nizcayAtmaka rUpa se satya hai kintu he bhikSu ! mere pAsa bahuta kAma-bhoga ( ke sAdhana ) haiM aura unheM mere jaisA nahIM chor3a sakatA // 21 // :- jisa taraha se daladala meM phaMsA huA hAthI sthala dikhAI dene para bhI vahA~ nahIM jA sakatA usI prakAra maiM bhI kAma-bhoga ke daladala meM phaMsA huA bhikSu ke mArga ko nahIM grahaNa kara sakatA // 22 // ] [jisa prakAra mAtA-pitA putra ke sukha kI kAmanA se usakA anuzAsana karate haiM, / usI prakAra. bhante ! Apa mujhe upadeza deM jisase maiM Age sukhI hoU~ // 23 // ] taba use bodhisatva ne kahA [he rAjan ! yadi tU ina mAnavI kAma-bhogoM ko chor3ane kA sAhasa nahIM kara sakatA to yaha kara ki dhArmika-kara liyA jAya aura tere rASTra meM adhArmika-kAma na ho // 24 // tere dUta cAroM dizAoM meM jAkara zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko nimantraNa dekara lAye / tU annapAna, vastra, zayanAsana tathA anya Avazyaka vastuoM se unakI sevA kara // 25 // . prasannatApUrvaka zramaNa-brAhmaNoM ko anna-pAna se santuSTa kr| yathAsAmarthya dAna dene aura khAne vAlA nindA-rahita ho svarga-loka ko prApta hotA hai // 26 //

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310 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __he rAjan ! yadi nArIgaNa se ghire hone para tujha para rAja-mada savAra ho jAya to isa . gAthA ko mana meM karanA aura pariSad ke sAmane bolanA // 27 // khule AkAza ke nIce sone vAlA prANI, calatI-phiratI mAtA dvArA dUdha pilAyA gayA (prANI), kuttoM se ghirA huA ( prANI ) Aja rAjA kahalAtA hai // 28 // ] ___ isa prakAra bodhisatva ne use upadeza dekara 'maiMne tujhe upadeza de diyaa| aba tU cAhe pravajita ho cAhe na ho| maiM svayaM apane karma ke phala ko bhogUMgA' kahA aura AkAza meM uTha kara usake sira para dhUli girAte hue himAlaya ko hI cale gye| rAjA ne bhI yaha dekhA to usake mana meM vairAgya paidA huaa| usane jyeSTha putra ko rAjya sauMpA aura senA ko sUcita kara himAlaya kI hI ora calA gyaa| bodhisatva ko usakA AnA jJAta huA to RSi-maNDalI ke sAtha A vaha use le kara gaye aura pravajita kara yoga-vidhi sikhaaii| usane dhyAna lAbha kiyaa| isa prakAra ve donoM brahmaloka gAmI hue| zAstA ne yaha dharma-dezanA 'isa prakAra bhikSuo, purAne paNDita tIna-cAra janmoM taka bhI paraspara dRr3ha vizvAsI rahe' kaha jAtaka kA mela baitthaayaa| usa samaya sambhUta paNDita Ananda thA / citta paNDita to maiM hI thaa| -jAtaka (caturtha khaNDa) 468, cittasambhUta jAtaka, pR0 568-608 / jaina-kathAvastu kA saMkSipta sAra jaina-paramparA meM varNita kathAvastu kA bauddha-paramparA ke kathA-vastu se bahuta aMzoM meM samAnatA hai / donoM ke kathA-vastu gadya-padya meM haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM varNita kathA-vastu tathA saMvAda padya meM haiM / ve brahmadatta kI utpatti se prArambha hote haiM / isameM 35 zloka haiM / TIkA meM sampUrNa kathA hai / vaha gadya meM hai / bhASA sAhityika aura lalita hai| uttarAdhyayana meM nibaddha kathAnaka mUla meM vahA~ se prArambha hotA hai jaba donoM bhAI citra aura sambhUta ( citra purimatAla nagara ke seTha ke putra ke rUpa meM, muni avasthA meM ; tathA sambhUta brahma rAjA kA putra brahmadatta ke rUpa meM ) milate haiM aura sukha-duHkha ke phala-vipAka kI carcA karane lagate haiM / citra kA jIva muni-avasthA meM brahmadatta ko saMsAra kI asAratA, aizvarya kI caMcalatA aura bhogoM kI nazvaratA samajhAtA hai aura zrAmaNya svIkAra karane kI preraNA detA hai| parantu jaba vaha brahmadatta ko muni banane ke lie asamartha pAtA hai, taba use gRhasthAvasthA meM rahakara hI dharma meM sthira rahane kI preraNA detA hai parantu brahmadatta kA mana dharma meM nahIM lagatA / muni calA jAtA hai / dharmArAdhanA kara muni siddha ho jAtA hai| brahmadatta bhogAsakta ho naraka meM ja,tA hai| 5, 6 aura 7 veM zloka meM pUrva-janmoM kA nAmollekha huA hai, kintu unakA vistAra yahA~ nahIM hai| TIkAkAra ne micandra ne sukhabodhA (patra 185) meM unake pUrva ke pA~ca bhavoM kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| jAtaka ke gadya bhAga meM unake

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311 khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa pUrva ke do bhavoM kA varNana hai| isameM kucha antara bhI hai / jaina-kathAnaka ke anusAra unake chaH bhava isa prakAra haiM(1) dasapura nagara meM zAMDilya brAhmaNa kI dAsI yazomatI ke garbha se putra rUpa meM utpanna / (2) kAliMjara parvata para mRgI kI kokha se yugala rUpa meM utpanna / (3) mRtagaMgA ke tIra para haMsI ke garbha se utpanna / (4) vArANasI meM zvapAka ke putra citta-sambhUta ke rUpa meM utpanna / (5) devaloka meM utpanna / (6) citra kA jIva purimatAla nagara meM Ibhya seTha ke yahA~ putra rUpa meM aura sambhUta kA jIva kAmpilyapura meM brahma rAjA kI rAnI culanI ke garbha meM putra rUpa se utpanna / bauddha-kathAvastu kA saMkSipta sAra (1) nareJjarA nadI ke kinAre mRgI kI kokha se utpanna / (2) narmadA nadI ke kinAre bAja rUpa meM utpanna / (3) citra kA jIva kosAmbI meM purohita kA putra aura saMbhUta kA jIva pAJcAla ___ rAjA ke putra rUpa meM utpanna / 2 jAtaka meM donoM bhAI milate haiN| citra ne sambhUta ko upadeza diyA / parantu sambhUta kA mana bhogoM se virakta nahIM huaa| usake sira para dhUla girAte hue citra himAlaya kI ora calA gyaa| rAjA sambhUta ne yaha dekhA to usake mana meM vairAgya paidA huA aura himAlaya kI ora calA gyaa| citra ne use yoga-vidhi sikhaaii| usane dhyAna-lAbha kiyaa| isa prakAra ve donoM brahmaloka gAmI hue| * . 1-uttarAdhyayana, 13 // 5-7 : Asimo mAyarA do vi, annmnnvsaannugaa| annamannamaNarattA, annmnnhiesinno|| vAsA dasaNNe AsI, miyA kAliMjare nage / haMsA mayaMgatIre, sovAgA kAsibhUmie / / devAya devalogammi, Asi amhe mahiDi r3hayA / imA no chaTThiyA jAI, annamanneNa jA viNA // 2-jAtaka, saMkhyA 498, caturtha khaNDa, pR0 600 /

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AsI 312 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ... samAna gAthAe~ uttarAdhyayana, adhyayana 13 citta sambhUta jAtaka (saMkhyA 468) zloka gAthA dAsA dasaNe caNDAlAhumha avantIsu miyA kAliMjare nge| migA ne rajaraM pati, haMsA mayaMgatIre uvakusA nammadA tIre sovAgA kAsibhUmie // 6 // tyajja brAhmaNa - khattiyA // 16 // savvaM suciNNaM saphalaM narANaM sabbaM narAnaM saphalaM suciNaM kaDANa kammANa na mokkha asthi / na kammanA kiJcana moghamasthi, atthehi kAmehi ya uttame hiM passAmi sambhUtaM mahAnubhAvaM AyA mamaM puNNaphalovavee // 10 // jANAsi saMbhUya ! mahAgubhAga sabbaM narAnaM saphalaM suciNNaM mahiDDhiyaM puNNaphalovaveyaM / na kammanA kiJcana moghamasthi, cittaM pi jANAhi taheva rAyaM! cittaM vijAnAhi tattha eva deva iDDhI juI tassa vi ya ppabhUyA // 11 // iddho mana tassa yathApi tumhaM // 3 // mahattharUvA vayaNappabhUyA suladdha lAmA bata me ahosi gAhAgugIyA nrsNghmjhe| gAthA sugItA parisAya majjhe, jaM bhikkhuNo sIlaguNovaveyA so haM isiM sIla vatUpapanna ihajjayante samaNo mhi jAo // 12 // disvA patIto sumano hamasmi // 8 // uccoyae mahu kakke ya bambhe paveiyA AvasahA ya rammA / ima gihaM cittadhaNappabhUyaM pasAhi paMcAlaguNovaveyaM // 13 // naTTehi gIehi ya vAiehiM rammaM ca te AvasathaM karontu nArIjaNAI parivArayanto nArIgaNehi paricArayassu, bhuMjAhi bhogAi imAi bhikkhU ! karohi okAsaM . anuggahAya mama royaI pavvajjA hu dukkhaM // 14 // ubho pi imaM issariyaM karoma // 10 // uvaNijaI jIviyamappamAyaM upanIyatI jIvitaM apamAyu vaNaM jarA harai narassa raayN| vaNaM jarA hanti narassa jIvito paMcAlarAyA ! vayaNaM suNAhi karohi paJcAla mama eta vAkyaM mA kAsi kammAiM mhaalyaaii||26|| mA kAsi kammaM nirayUpa pattiyA // 20 //

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khaNDa : 2, prakaraNa : 1. kathAnaka saMkramaNa '313 ahaM pi jANAmi jaheha sAha! addhA hi saccaM vacanaM tava etaM jaM me tumaM sAhasi vakkameyaM / yathA isI bhAsasi eva etaM bhogA ime saMgakarA havanti kAmA ca me santi anapparUpA je vujjayA ajjo amhArisehiM // 27 // te duccajA mA disakena mikkhu // 21 // mAgo jahA paMkajalAvasanno nAgo yathA paGkamajjhe vyasanno baTuM thalaM nAmisamei tiirN| passaM thalaM nAmisammoti gantaM evaM vayaM kAmaguNesu giddhA evaM pahaM kAmapaGke vyasannoM ma 'bhikkhuNo maggamaNuSvayAmo // 30 // na bhikkhuno magaM anubbajAmi // 22 // jai tA si bhoge caiuM asatto na ce tuvaM ussahase janinda ajjAI kammAI karehi rAyaM ! / kAme ime mAnusake pahAta, dhamme Thio samvapayANukampI dhammaM baliM pahapayassu rAja to hohisi devo io viuvvI // 32 // adhammakAro ca te mAhu raTTe // 24 // eka vizleSaNa - ina donoM ke nirIkSaNa se patA calatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana kI kathAvastu vistRta hai| parantu Age cala kara z2aba kumAra brahmadatta apane maMtrI-putra varadhanu ke sAtha ghara se nikala kara dUra calA jAtA hai aura jaba taka ve donoM puna: apane nagara meM nahIM lauTa Ate taba taka kA kathAnaka bahuta jaTila ho gayA hai| avAntara choTI-moTI ghaTanAoM ke kAraNa kathAvastu kI zRGkhalA ko yAda rakhanA atyanta duSkara ho jAtA hai| kintu ye sArI avAntara ghaTanAeM kumAra brahmadatta se sambandhita rahatI haiM aura una sabakA anta kisI kanyA ke sAtha pANigrahaNa se hotA hai| ___ kumAra brahmadatta varadhanu ke sAtha apanI nagarI meM AtA hai| rAjyAbhiSeka hone ke pazcAt bhAI kI smRti ho AtI hai| donoM milate haiM / muni citra kA jIva dharmArAdhanA kara mukta ho jAtA hai / kumAra brahmadatta (sambhUta kA jIva) bhogoM meM Asakta ho naraka meM jAtA hai| - jaina-kathAnaka meM sambhUta ke jIva kumAra brahmadatta ko narakagAmI batAyA hai aura bauddha-paramparA ke sambhUta ko brahmaloka gAmI / yaha antara hai| . sarapenTiyara ne mAnA hai ki ina donoM kathAnakoM meM kevala kathAvastu kA hI sAmya nahIM hai, kintu unake padyoM meM bhI asAdhAraNa sAmya hai|' . 1. The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, p. 45........ .............

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314 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___ DaoN0 ghATage ne mAnA hai ki jAtaka kA padya-bhAga gadya-bhAga se jyAdA prAcIna hai| gadya-bhAga bahuta bAda kA pratIta hotA hai| yaha tathya bhASA aura tarka ke dvArA siddha ho jAtA hai / yahI tathya hameM yaha mAnane ke lie prerita karatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana meM saMgrahIta kathAvastu donoM meM prAcIna hai|' ___ unakI yaha bhI mAnyatA hai ki uttarAdhyayana ke padyoM meM una donoM ke pUrva-bhavoM kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| jaba ki unakA saMketa, kevala donoM ke saMlApa meM hai| jAtaka meM unake pUrva-bhavoM kA vistAra se varNana hai, jinako hama arvAcIna saMzodhana nahIM mAna sakate aura na yahI mAna sakate haiM ki unakA samAveza bAda meM huA hai / sUkSma nirIkSaNa se hameM yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki aneka sthaloM para jAtaka kathAvastu kA varNya-viSaya kathA ke sAtha-sAtha calatA hai aura vyavasthita hai, parantu jaina-kathAvastu meM aisA nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki jana-kathAvastu kI vyavasthApanA meM parivartana-parivarddhana huA hai jaba ki bauddhakathAvastu meM aisA nahIM huaa| kyoMki una para likhI gaI TIkAoM ne unake gadya-padyoM kI saMkhyA nirdhArita kara dI aura unheM antima rUpa se sthApita kara diyA tAki unameM koI parivartana na ho / yadyapi jAtaka kA gadya-bhAga uttarAdhyayana kI racanA-kAla se bahuta bAda meM likhA gayA thA, to bhI usameM pUrva-bhavoM kA sundara saMkalana huA hai jaba ki jenakathAvastu meM vaha chUTa gayA hai| sarapenTiyara ne 13veM adhyayana ke prathama tIna zlokoM ko arvAcIna mAnA hai| parantu isake lie koI puSTa tarka upasthita nahIM kiyA hai| cUrNi, TIkA Adi vyAkhyA-grantha isa viSaya kI koI UhApoha nahIM krte| prakaraNa kI dRSTi se bhI ye zloka anupayukta nahIM lagate / ina tIna zlokoM meM unake janma-sthala, janma kA kAraNa aura paraspara milana kA ullekha hai| donoM bhAI milate haiM aura apane-apane sukha-duHkha ke vipAka kA kathana karate haiM / ye zloka Age ke zlokoM se saMbaddha haiN| yaha sahI hai ki ye tIna zloka AryA chanda meM nibaddha haiM aura Age ke zloka anuSTupa, upajAti Adi vibhinna chandoM meM nibaddha haiN| kintu chandoM kI bhinnatA se ye prakSipta yA arvAcIna nahIM mAne jA sakate / ___uttarAdhyayana ke caudahaveM adhyayana kI kathAvastu hastipAla jAtaka ( saMkhyA 506 ) se bahuta aMzoM meM milatI hai| kathA kI saMghaTanA aura pAtroM kA vivaraNa jaina-kathA ke 2. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 17, (1935-1936): A few parallels in Jain and Buddhist works, p. 342, by A. M. Ghatage, M. A.. 2. vahI, pR0 342-343 / 3. The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, p. 326.

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa samAna hI haiM / mahAbhArata meM bhI pitA-putra kA eka saMvAda hai aura usake kaI zloka uttarAdhyayana ke zlokoM se akSarazaH samAna haiN| hama sarvaprathama tInoM paramparAoM meM pracalita kathAvastu ko prastuta kara usa para UhApoha kareMge / iSukAra (uttarAdhyayana, a0 14) ___ citra aura sambhUta, pUrva-janma meM, do gvAle mitra the| unheM sAdhu ke anugraha se samyaktva kI prApti huii| ve vahA~ se mara kara devaloka meM ge| vahA~ se cyuta ho kara unhoMne kSitipratiSThita nagara ke eka ibhya-kula meM janma liyaa| ve bar3e hue| cAra ibhya-putra unake mitra bane / una sabane yuvAvasthA meM kAma-bhogoM kA upabhoga kiyA, phira sthaviroM se dharma suna pravrajita hue| cirakAla taka saMyama kA anupAlana kiyA / anta meM anazana kara saudharma devaloka ke padmagulma nAmaka vimAna meM cAra palya kI sthiti vAle deva bane / donoM gvAla-putroM ko chor3a kara zeSa cAroM mitra vahA~ se cyuta hue| unameM eka kuru janapada ke iSukAra nagara meM iSukAra nAma kA rAjA huA aura dUsarA usI rAjA kI rAnI kmlaavtii| tIsarA bhRgu nAma kA purohita huA aura cauthA bhRgu purohita kI patnI yshaa| bahuta kAla bItA / bhRgu purohita ke koI putra nahIM huaa| pati-patnI cintita rahane lge| ____ eka bAra una donoM gvAla-putroM ne, jo abhI deva-bhava meM the, avadhijJAna se jAnA ki ve bhRgu purohita ke putra hoMge / ve vahA~ se cale / zramaNa kA rUpa banA bhRgu purohita ke pAsa aae| bhRgu aura yazA donoM ne vandanA kii| muniyoM ne dharma kA upadeza diyaa| bhRgu-dampati ne zrAvaka ke vrata svIkAra kie| purohita ne pUchA- "bhagavan ! hamAre koI putra hogA yA nahIM ?' zramaNa yugala ne kahA- "tumheM do putra hoMge, kintu ve bAlyAvasthA meM hI dIkSita ho jaaeNge| unakI pravrajyA meM tumheM koI vyAghAta upasthita nahIM karanA hogaa| ve dIkSita ho kara dharma-zAsana kI prabhAvanA krge|" itanA kaha donoM zramaNa vahA~ se cale ge| purohita pati-patnI ko prasannatA huii| kAlAntara meM ve donoM deva purohitapatnI ke garbha meM Ae / dIkSA ke bhaya se purohita nagara ko chor3a vraja gA~va meM jA basA / vahA~ purohita kI patnI yazA ne do putroM ko janma diyaa| ve kucha bar3e hue| mAtA-pitA ne socA, ye kahIM dIkSita na ho jAe~, ataH eka bAra unase kahA-"putro ! ye zramaNa sundara-sundara bAlakoM ko uThA le jAte haiM aura mAra kara unakA mAMsa khAte haiN| unake pAsa tuma donoM kabhI mata jaanaa|" ___eka bAra donoM bAlaka khelate-khelate gA~va se bahuta dUra nikala ge| unhoMne dekhA ki kaI sAdhu usI mArga se A rahe haiM / bhayabhIta ho ve eka vRkSa para car3ha ge| saMyogavaza sAdhu bhI usI vRkSa kI saghana chAyA meM A baitthe| bAlakoM kA bhaya bddh'aa| mAtA-pitA kI zikSA smRti-paTala para nAcane lgii| sAdhuoM ne kucha vizrAma kiyA / jholI se pAtra

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___ uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nikAle aura sabhI eka maNDalI meM bhojana karane lge| bAlakoM ne dekhA ki muni ke pAtroM meM mAMsa jaisI koI vastu hai hI nhiiN| sAdhuoM ko sAmAnya bhojana karate dekha bAlakoM kA bhaya kama huaa| bAlakoM ne socA-aho ! hamane aise sAdhu anyatra bhI kahIM dekhe haiM / cintana claa| unheM jAtismRti-jJAna utpanna huaa| ve nIce utare, muniyoM ko vandanA kI aura sIdhe apane mAtA-pitA ke pAsa A kara bole--- ___"hamane dekhA hai ki yaha manuSya-jIvana anitya hai, usameM bhI vighna bahuta haiM aura Ayu thor3I hai / isalie ghara meM hameM koI Ananda nahIM hai| hama muni-caryA ko svIkAra karane ke lie ApakI anumati cAhate haiN|' . unake pitA ne una kumAra muniyoM kI tapasyA meM bAdhA utpanna karane vAlI bAteM kahIM-"putro ! vedoM ko jAnane vAle isa prakAra kahate haiM ki jinako putra nahIM hotA, unakI gati nahIM hotii| ... "putro ! isalie vedoM ko pddh'o| brAhmaNoM ko bhojana kraao| striyoM ke sAtha bhoga kro| putroM ko utpanna kro| unakA vivAha kara, ghara kA bhAra sauMpa kara phira araNyavAsI prazasta muni ho jaanaa|" donoM kumAroM ne soca-vicAra pUrvaka usa purohita ko--jisakA mana aura zarIra, Atma-guNa rUpI indhana aura moha rUpI pavana se atyanta prajvalita, zokAgni se saMtapta aura paritapta ho rahA thA, jisakA hRdaya viyoga kI AzaMkA se atizaya chinna ho rahA thA, jo eka-eka kara apanA abhiprAya apane putroM ko samajhA rahA thA, unheM dhana aura kramaprApta kAma-bhogoM kA nimaMtraNa de rahA thA--ye vAkya kahe____ "veda par3hane para bhI ve trANa nahIM hote / brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAne para ve naraka meM le jAte haiN| aurasa putra bhI trANa nahIM hote| isalie Apane jo kahA, usakA anumodana kauna kara sakatA hai ? _.. "ye kAma-bhoga kSaNa bhara sukha aura cirakAla duHkha dene vAle haiM, bahuta duHkha aura thor3A sukha dene vAle haiM, saMsAra-mukti ke virodhI haiM aura anarthoM kI khAna haiN| ... "jise kAmanAoM se mukti nahIM milI, vaha puruSa atRpti kI agni se saMtapta ho kara dina-rAta paribhramaNa karatA hai| dUsaroM ke lie pramatta ho kara dhana kI khoja meM lagA huA, vaha jarA aura mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai| ___"yaha mere pAsa hai aura yaha nahIM hai, yaha mujhe karanA hai, aura yaha nahIM karanA haiisa prakAra vRthA bakavAsa karate hue puruSa ko uThAne vAlA (kAla) uThA letA hai| isa sthiti meM pramAda kaise kiyA jAe ? .., "jisake lie loga tapa kiyA karate haiM, vaha saba kucha-pracura dhana, striyA~, svajana

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 .. kathAnaka saMkramaNa 317 aura indriyoM ke viSaya tumheM yahI prApta haiM, phira kisalie tuma zramaNa honA cAhate ho ?"-pitA ne khaa| putra bole--"pitA ! jahA~ dharma kI dhurA ko vahana karane kA adhikAra hai / vahA~ dhana svajana aura indriya-viSaya kA kyA prayojana hai ? kucha bhI nahIM / hama guNa-samUha se sampanna zramaNa hoMge, pratibandha-mukta ho kara gA~voM aura nagaroM meM vihAra karane vAle aura bhikSA le kara jIvana calAne vAle bhikSu hoNge|' "putro ! jisa prakAra araNI meM avidyamAn agni utpanna hotI hai, dUdha meM ghI aura tila meM tela paidA hotA hai, usI prakAra zarIra meM jIva utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa ho jAte haiM / zarIra kA nAza ho jAne para unakA astitva nahIM rahatA"-pitA ne khaa| ___ kumAra bole-"pitA ! AtmA amUrta hai, isalie yaha indriyoM ke dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sktaa| yaha amUrta hai, isalie nitya hai| yaha nizcaya hai ki AtmA ke Antarika doSa hI usake bandhana ke hetu haiM aura bandhana hI saMsAra kA hetu hai-aisA kahA hai| ___ "hama dharma ko nahIM jAnate the, taba ghara meM rahe, hamArA pAlana hotA rahA aura mohavaza hamane pApa-karma kA AcaraNa kiyaa| kintu aba phira pApa-karma kA AcaraNa nahIM kreNge| "yaha loka pIr3ita ho rahA hai, cAroM ora se ghirA huA hai, amoghA A rahI hai / isa sthiti meM hameM sukha nahIM mila rahA hai|" ___ "putro ! yaha loka kisase pIr3ita hai ? kisase ghirA huA hai ? amoghA kise kahA jAtA hai ? maiM jAnane ke lie cintita hU~"-pitA ne kahA / kumAra bole-"pitA ! Apa jAneM ki yaha loka mRtyu se pIr3ita hai, jarA se ghirA huA hai aura rAtri ko amoghA kahA jAtA hai| .."jo-jo rAta bIta rahI hai, vaha lauTa kara nahIM aatii| adharma karane vAle kI rAtriyA~ niSphala calI jAtI haiN| ___"jo-jo rAta bIta rahI hai, vaha lauTa kara nahIM aatii| dharma karane vAle kI rAtriyA~ 'saphala hotI haiN|" .."putro! pahale hama saba eka sAtha raha kara samyaktva aura vratoM kA pAlana kareM. phira tumhArA yauvana bIta jAne ke bAda ghara-ghara se bhikSA lete hue vihAra kareMge"-pitA ne khaa| patra bole-"pitAkala kI icchA vahI kara sakatA hai. jisakI matya ke sAtha * maitrI ho, jo mauta ke muMha se baca kara palAyana kara sake aura jo jAnatA ho-maiM nahIM mruuNgaa| "hama prAja hI usa muni-dharma ko svIkAra kara raheM haiM, jahA~ pahu~ca kara phira janma

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . lenA na par3e / bhoga hamAre lie aprApta nahIM hai hama unheM aneka bAra prApta kara cuke haiM / rAga-bhAva ko dUra kara zraddhA pUrvaka zreya kI prApti ke lie hamArA prayatna yukta hai|" ___"putroM ke cale jAne ke bAda maiM ghara meM nahIM raha sktaa| he vAziSThi ! aba mere bhikSAcaryA kA kAla A cukA hai| vRkSa zAkhAoM se samAdhi ko prApta hotA hai| unake kaTa jAne para loga use DhU~Tha kahate haiN| ___ "binA paMkha kA pakSI, raNa-bhUmi meM senA-rahita rAjA aura jala-pota para dhana-rahita vyApArI jaisA asahAya hotA hai, putroM ke cale jAne para maiM bhI vaisA hI ho jAtA huuN|" __vAziSThI ne kahA- "ye susaMskRta aura pracura zRGgAra-rasa se paripUrNa indriya-viSaya, jo tumheM prApta haiM, unheM abhI hama khUba bhogeN| usake bAda hama mokSa-mArga ko svIkAra kreNge|" purohita ne kahA- "he bhavati ! hama rasoM ko bhoga cuke haiN| vaya hameM chor3ate calA jA rahA hai / maiM asaMyama-jIvana ke lie bhogoM ko nahIM chor3a rahA huuN| lAbha-alAbha aura sukha-duHkha ko samadRSTi se dekhatA huA muni-dharma kA AcaraNa kruuNgaa|" vAziSThI ne kahA-"pratisrota meM bahane vAle bUr3he haMsa kI taraha tumheM pIche apane bandhuoM ko yAda na karanA par3e, isalie mere sAtha bhogoM kA sevana kro| yaha bhikSAcaryA aura grAmAnugrAma vihAra sacamuca duHkhadAyI hai|" .. purohita ne kahA- "he bhavati ! jaise sAMpa apane zarIra kI keMculI ko chor3a muktabhAva se calatA hai, vaise hI putra bhogoM ko chor3a kara cale jA rahe haiN| pIche maiM akelA kyoM rahU~, unakA anugamana kyoM na karUM? ____ "jaise rohita maccha jarjarita jAla ko kATa kara bAhara nikala jAte haiM, vaise hI uThAe hue bhAra ko vahana karane vAle pradhAna tapasvI aura dhIra puruSa kAma-bhogoM ko chor3a kara bhikSAcaryA ko svIkAra karate haiN|" ___ vAziSThI ne kahA- "jaise krauMca pakSI aura haMsa baheliyoM dvArA bichAe hue jAloM ko kATa kara AkAza meM ur3a jAte haiM, vaise hI mere putra aura pati jA rahe haiM / pIche maiM akelI kyoM rahU~ ? unakA anugamana kyoM na karUM ?" ___'purohita apane putra aura patnI ke sAtha bhogoM ko chor3a kara pravajita ho cukA haiM'yaha suna rAjA ne usake pracura aura pradhAna dhana-dhAnya Adi ko lenA cAhA, taba mahArAnI kamalAvatI ne bAra-bAra kahA "rAjan ! vamana khAne vAle puruSa kI prazaMsA nahIM hotii| tuma brAhmaNa ke dvArA parityakta dhana ko lenA cAhate ho, yaha kyA hai ? "yadi samUcA jagat tumheM mila jAe athavA samUcA dhana tumhArA ho jAe to bhI vaha tumhArI icchA-pUrti ke lie paryApta nahIM hogA aura vaha tumheM trANa bhI nahIM de skegaa|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa:1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa "rAjan ! ina manorama kAma-bhogoM ko chor3a kara jaba kabhI maranA hogA / he naradeva ! eka dharma hI trANa hai / usake sivAya koI dUsarI vastu trANa nahIM de sktii| ___ "jaise pakSiNI piMjar3e meM Ananda nahIM mAnatI, vaise hI mujhe isa baMdhana meM Ananda nahIM mila rahA hai / maiM sneha ke jAla ko tor3a kara akiMcana, sarala kriyA vAlI, viSaya-vAsanA se dUra aura parigraha evaM hiMsA ke doSoM se mukta ho kara muni-dharma kA AcaraNa kruuNgii| "jaise davAgni lagI huI hai, araNya meM jIva-jantu jala rahe haiM, unheM dekha rAga-dveSa ke vazIbhUta ho kara dUsare jIva pramudita hote haiM, usI prakAra kAma-bhogoM meM mUcchita ho kara hama mUr3ha loga yaha nahIM samajha pAte ki yaha samUcA saMsAra rAga-dveSa kI agni se jala ___ "vivekI puruSa bhogoM ko bhoga kara phira unheM chor3a kara vAyu kI taraha apratibaddhavihAra karate haiM aura ve svecchA se vicaraNa karane vAle pakSiyoM kI taraha prasannatApUrvaka svataMtra vihAra karate haiN| . "Arya ! jo kAma-bhoga apane hAthoM meM Ae hue haiM aura jinako hamane niyaMtrita kara rakhA hai, ve kUda-phA~da kara rahe haiN| hama kAmanAoM meM Asakta bane hue haiM, kintu aba hama bhI vaise hI hoMge, jaise ki apanI patnI aura putroM ke sAtha bhRgu hue haiN| "jisa gIdha ke pAsa mAMsa hotA hai, usa para dUsare pakSI jhapaTate haiM aura jisake pAsa mAMsa nahIM hotA, usa para nahIM jhapaTate--yaha dekha kara maiM AmiSa (dhana, dhAnya Adi) ko chor3a, nirAmiSa ho kara vicruuNgii| "gIdha kI upamA se kAma-bhogoM ko saMsAra-vardhaka jAna kara manuSya ko inase isI prakAra zaMkita ho kara calanA cAhie, jisa prakAra garur3a ke sAmane sAMpa zaMkita ho kara calatA hai| "jaise bandhana ko tor3a kara hAthI apane sthAna (viMdhyATavI) meM calA jAtA hai, vaise hI hameM apane sthAna (mokSa) meM cale jAnA caahie| he mahArAja iSukAra ! yaha pathya. hai, ise maiMne jJAniyoM se sunA hai|" rAjA aura rAnI vipula rAjya aura dustyajya kAma-bhogoM ko chor3a niviSaya, nirAmiSa, niHsneha aura niSparigraha ho ge| dharma ko samyak prakAra se jAna, ArkaSaka bhoga-vilAsa ko chor3a, ve tIrthaGkara ke dvArA upadiSTa ghora tapazcaryA ko svIkAra kara saMyama meM ghora parAkrama karane lge| - isa prakAra ve saba kramazaH buddha ho kara dharma-parAyaNa, janma aura mRtyu ke bhaya se udvigna bana gae tathA duHkha ke anta kI khoja meM laga ge|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jinakI AtmA pUrva-janma meM kuzala-bhAvanA se bhAvita thI, ve saba-rAjA, rAna ; brAhmaNa purohita, brAhmaNI aura donoM purohita kumAra arhat ke zAsana meM A kara duHkha kA aMta pA gae--mukta ho ge| -uttarAdhyayana, 14 / 7-53 / hatthipAla jAtaka pUrva samaya meM vArANasI meM esukArI nAma kA rAjA thaa| usakA purohita bacapana se usakA priya sahAyaka thaa| ve donoM aputraka the| eka dina unhoMne sukhapUrvaka baiThe hue vicAra kiyA, hamAre pAsa aizvarya bahuta hai, putra athavA putrI nahIM hai, kyA kiyA jAya ? taba rAjA ne purohita se kahA- "yadi tumhAre ghara meM putra utpanna hogA, to mere rAjya kA svAmI hogA, yadi mere ghara meM putra paidA hogA to tumhAre ghara kI sampatti kA mAlika hogaa|" isa prakAra ve donoM paraspara vacana-baddha hue| eka dina purohita apanI jamIMdArI ke gA~va meM gyaa| vApasa lauTane para jaba vaha dakSiNadvAra se nagara meM praveza kara rahA thA to usane nagara ke bAhara aneka putroM vAlI eka daridra strI ko dekhaa| usake sAta putra the| sabhI nirogha / eka ke hAtha meM pakAne kI hA~DI thii| eka ke hAtha meM cttaaii| eka Age-Age cala rahA thaa| eka piiche-piiche| eka ne aMgulI pakar3a rakhI thii| eka goda meM thaa| eka kandhe para baiThA thaa| usase purohita ne pUchA- "bhadre ! ina baccoM kA pitA kahA~ haiM ?' "svAmI ! inakA koI eka hI nizcita pitA nahIM hai|" "isa prakAra ke sAta putra kyA karane se mile ?" use jaba koI anya AdhAra na dikhAI diyA to usane nagara-dvAra sthita nigrodha-vRkSa kI ora saMketa karake kahA- "svAmI ! isa nigrodha-vRkSa para rahane vAle devatA se prArthanA karane se mile, isI ne mujhe putra die|" purohita ne use to 'tU jA' kaha kara vidA kiyaa| taba vaha svayaM ratha se utara, nigrodha-vRkSa ke nIce phuNcaa| usakI zAkhA pakar3a kara hilAI aura bolA- "he devaputra ! tujhe rAjA se kyA nahIM miltaa| rAjA prati varSa hajAra (mudrAoM) kA tyAga kara bali detA hai| tU use putra nahIM detaa| isa daridra strI ne terA kyA upakAra kiyA hai ki use sAta putra die haiN| yadi hamAre rAjA ko putra nahIM degA, to Aja se sAta dina tujhe jar3a se ukhar3avA kara Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara duuNgaa|" isa prakAra vaha vRkSa-devatA ko dhamakA kara calA gyaa| usane isI prakAra agale dina aura phira agale dina lagAtAra chaH dinoM taka dhamakI dii| chaThe dina zAkhA ko pakar3a kara bolA-'he vRkSa-devatA! aba Aja kevala eka rAta zeSa raha gaI hai| yadi mere rAjA ko putra nahIM degA to kala tujhe samApta kara duuNgaa|" vRkSa-devatA ne vicAra kara isa bAta kI gaharAI ko

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khaNDa : 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 321 smjhaa| isa brAhmaNa ko yadi putra nahIM milA, to yaha merA vimAna naSTa kara degA, ise kisa prakAra putra diyA jAya ? usane cAroM mahArAjAoM ke pAsa pahu~gha vaha bAta khii| ve bole--'hama use putra nahIM de sakate / ' aTThAIsa yakSa-senApati ke pAsa gayA / unhoMne bhI vaisA hI uttara diyaa| devarAja zakra ke pAsa jA kara khaa| usane bhI ise yogya putra milegA athavA nahIM ? kA vicAra karate hue cAra deva-putroM ko dekhaa| ve pUrva-janma meM banArasa meM julAhe hue the| unhoMne jo kucha kamAyA, usake pA~ca hisse kara ke cAra hisse khAe aura eka-eka hissA ikaTThA karake dAna diyaa| ve vahA~ se cyuta ho kara trayotriza bhavana meM paidA hue| vahA~ se yAma-bhavana meN| isa prakAra Upara se nIce aura nIce se Upara chaH deva-lokoM meM sampatti kA upabhoga karate hue vicarate rahe / usa samaya unakI trayoviMza bhavana se cyuta hokara yAmabhavana jAne kI bArI thii| zakra ne unake pAsa pahu~ca, unheM bulAkara kahA-'mitro, tumheM manuSya-loka AnA cAhie, vahA~ esukArI rAjA kI paTarAnI ke garbha se janma grahaNa kro|' ve usakA kahanA sunakara bole-'deva, acchA jaayege| lekina hameM rAja-kula se prayojana nahIM hai| hama purohita ke ghara meM janma grahaNa kara, kumAra avasthA meM hI pravajita hoNge|' zakra ne 'acchA' kahA aura unase pratijJA karA lii| phira Akara vRkSa-devatA se vaha bAta khii| usane santuSTa ho zakra ko namaskAra kiyA aura apane vimAna ke prati gamana kiyaa| ___ agale dina purohita ne bhI kucha majabUta AdamiyoM ko liyA aura kulhAr3I Adi : le vRkSa ke nIce phuNcaa| vahA~ jA vRkSa kI zAkhA pakar3a bolA- 'he devatA, Aja mujhe yAcanA karate-karate sAtavA~ dina ho gyaa| aba terA anta samaya A pahu~cA / ' taba vRkSadevatA ne bar3e ThATa-bATa ke sAtha per3a ko tane kI khoha meM se nikalakara use madhura-svara se bulAyA aura kahA- 'brAhmaNa, eka putra kI bAta jAne do, maiM tumheM cAra putra duuNgaa|' 'mujhe putra nahIM cAhie, hamAre rAjA ko putra de|' 'tumhIM ko mileNge|' 'to do mujhe, aura do rAjA ko / ' 'rAjA ko nahIM, cAroM tumhIM ko mileMge aura tumako bhI ve kevala mileMge hI, kyoMki ve ghara meM na rahakara kumAra avasthA meM hI prabajita ho jaayeNge|' 'tuma putra do, unheM pravrajita na hone dene kI hamArI jimmevArI hai|' vRkSa-devatA ne use vara de apane bhavana meM praveza kiyaa| usake bAda se devatA kA Adara-satkAra bar3ha gayA / jyeSTha deva-putra cyuta hokara purohita kI brAhmaNI kI kokha meM aayaa| nAmakaraNa ke dina usakA nAma hastipAla rakhA gayA aura pravrajita hone se roke rakhane ke lie use hAthIvAnoM ko sauMpA gyaa| vaha unake pAsa palane lgaa| usake padacihnoM para A par3ane ke samAna dUsarA cyuta hokara rAnI ke garbha meM aayaa| usakA bhI janma grahaNa karane para azvapAla nAma rakhA gyaa| vaha sAisoM ke pAsa palane lgaa| tIsare kA nAma janma hone para go-pAla rakhA gyaa| vaha gvAloM ke sAtha bar3hane lgaa|

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322 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana cauthe ke paidA hone para aja-pAla naam| vaha bakariyA~ carAne vAloM ke sAtha bar3hane lgaa| ve bar3e hone ke sAtha-sAtha saubhAgyazAlI hue| - unake pravajita hone ke Dara se rAjya-sImA se sabhI pravrajitoM ko nikAla diyA gyaa| sAre kAzI-rASTra meM eka pravajita bhI nahIM raha gyaa| ve kumAra kaThora svabhAva ke the, jisa dizA meM jAte, usa dizA meM le jAI jAne vAlI bheMTa lUTa lete / solaha varSa kI Ayu hone para hastipAla ke zarIra bala kA khyAla kara rAjA aura purohita donoM ne milakara socA-'kumAra bar3e ho gye| unake rAjyAbhiSeka kA samaya ho gyaa| aba kyA karanA caahie| phira socA, abhiSikta hone para aura bhI uddaNDa ho jaayeNge| unheM dekhakara ye bhI pravajita ho jAyeMge / inake pravajita hone para janatA ubala khar3I hogii| abhI vicAra kara leN| bAda meM abhiSikta kreNge|' yaha soca, donoM ne RSi-veSa banAyA aura bhikSATana karate hue hastipAla kumAra ke nivAsa sthAna para phuNce| kumAra unheM dekhakara santuSTa huA, prasanna huaa| usane pAsa Akara praNAma kiyA aura tIna gAthAyeM kahIM cirassaM vasa passAma brAhmaNaM devaNNinaM, mahAjanaM bhAradharaM paMkadaMtaM rajassiraM // 1 // cirassaM vata passAma isiM dhammamuNe rataM, kAsAyavatthavasanaM vAkacIraM paTicchadaM // 2 // AsanaM udakaM pajjaM paTigaNhAtu no bhavaM, agghe bhavantaM pucchAma, agdhaM kurutu no bhavaM // 3 // (1) maiM cirakAla ke bAda malina-danta, bhasmayukta, jaTAdhArI, bhAravAhI, deva-tulya brAhmaNoM kA darzana kara rahA huuN| (2) maiM cirakAla ke bAda, dharma-rata, kASAya-varNa, valkala cIradhAro brAhmaNoM ko dekha rahA huuN| (3) Apa hamArA Asana, tathA pAdodaka grahaNa kreN| hama Apase yaha pUjya-vastu grahaNa karane kI prArthanA kara rahe haiN| Apa yaha pUjya vastu prahaNa kreN| isa prakAra usane unase eka-eka kara ke bArI-bArI puuchaa| taba purohita bolA'tAta, tU hameM kyA samajha kara aisA kaha rahA hai ?' 'himAlalavAsI RSigaNa / '

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 'tAta, hama RSi nahIM haiM, yaha rAjA esukArI hai aura maiM tumhArA pitA purohita / ' 'to, tumane RSi-bheSa kyoM banAyA ?' 'terI parIkSA lene ke lie|' 'merI kyA parIkSA lete ho ?' 'yadi hameM dekha kara prabajita na ho, to hama rAjyAbhiSikta karane ke lie Ae hai|' 'tAta ! mujhe rAjya nahIM cAhie, maiM pravrajita houuNgaa|' ___ taba usake pitA ne 'tAta hastipAla, yaha pravrajyA kA samaya nahIM hai', kaha apane Azaya ke anusAra use upadeza dete hue cAra gAthAe~ kahIM adhicca vede pariyesa vittaM, putte gehe tAta pati?petvA gandhe rase paccanubhutva sabbaM * arajjaM sAdhu, muni so pasattho // 4 // 'vedAdhyayana kara, dhanArjana kara, he tAta ! jo putroM ko rAjyAdi para sthApita kara tathA sabhI kAmabhogoM ko bhogakara araNya meM praviSTa hotA hai, usakA aisA karanA sAdhu hai aura usa muni kI prazaMsA hotI hai|' taba hastipAla bolA-- vedA na saccA na ca vittalAbho na. puttalAbhena jaraM vihanti, gandhe rase muccanaM Ahu santo sakammunA hoti phalpapatti // 6 // 'na veda satya haiM aura na dhana-lAbha satya hai, aura na putra-lAbha se hI jarA kA nAza hotA hai / santa puruSoM kA kahanA hai ki gandha-rasa Adi kAma-bhoga mUrchA haiN| apane kie karma se hI phala kI prApti hotI hai|' - kumAra kA kathana sunakara rAjA bolA addhA hi saccaM vacanaM tavetaM sakammunA hoti phalUpapatti jiNNA ca mAtA pitaro ca tava yime passeyyaM taM vassa sataM arogaM // 6 // 'nizcaya se terA yaha kathana satya hai ki svakarma se hI phala kI prApti hotI hai| tere * mAtA-pitA vRddha ho gae haiN| ve tujhe sau varSa taka nIroga dekheM / '

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324 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yaha suna kumAra ne 'deva ! Apa yaha kyA cAhate haiM ?' kaha do gAthAe~ kahIM yassa assa sakkhI maraNena rAja jarAya mettI naraviriyaseTa, yo cApi jajjA sa marissaM kadAci passeyyuM taM vassasataM arogaM // 7 // yathApi nAvaM purisodakanhi ereti ce naM upaneti tIraM... evampi vyAdhI satataM jarA ca . upanenti maccaM vasaM antakassa // 8 // 'rAjan ! jisakI mRtyu se maitro ho, he naravIrya zreSTha ! jisakA jarA ke sAtha sakhAbhAva ho aura jo yaha jAnatA ho ki maiM kabhI nahIM marU~gA usI ke sau varSa taka nIroga dekhane kI bAta kahI jA sakatI hai|' 'jisa prakAra Adamo yadi naukA ko pAnI meM calAtA hai, to vaha use kinAre para le hI jAtI hai, usI prakAra jarA aura vyAdhi AdamI ko mRtyu ke pAsa le jAte haiN|' isa prakAra prANiyoM ke jIvana-saMskAra kI tucchatA prakaTa kara, 'mahArAja, Apa raheM, Apake sAtha bAtacIta karate hI karate vyAdhi-jarA maraNa mere samIpa cale A rahe haiM, apramAdI bana kaha rahe haiM' kaha, rAjA tathA pitA ko namaskAra kara, apane sevakoM ko sAtha le, vArANasI rAjya ko tyAgakara pratrajita hone ke uddezya se nikala pdd'aa| yaha pravrajyA sundara hogI soca hastipAla kumAra ke sAtha janatA nikala pdd'ii| yojana bhara kA julUsa ho gyaa| usane usa jana-samUha ke sAtha gayA taTa para pahuMca, gaMgA ke jala ko dekha, yogAbhyAsa kara dhyAna lAbha kiyA aura taba socane lagA-'yahA~ bahuta janatA ekatra ho jaaegii| mere tInoM choTe bhAI, mAtA-pitA, rAjA tathA devI, sabhI anuyAiyoM sahita pravajita ho jAyeMge, vArANasI khAlI ho jAyagI, inake Ane taka maiM yahIM rhuuN|' vaha janatA ko upadeza detA huA vahIM rhaa| phira eka dina rAjA aura purohita ne socA, 'hastipAla kumAra to rAjya chor3a kara, logoM ko sAtha le, pravajita hone ke uddezya se jAkara gaMgA-taTa para baiTha gayA, hama azvapAla kI parIkSA kara use hI abhiSikta kreNge|' ve RSi-veSa dhAraNa kara usake bhI gRha-dvAra para phuNce| usane bhI unheM dekha, prasanna ho, pAsa jAkara 'cirassaM vrata' Adi gAthAe~ kaha vaisA hI vyavahAra kiyaa| unhoMne use vaisA hI uttara de apane Ane kA kAraNa btaayaa| usane pUchA-'mere bhAI hastipAla kumAra ke rahate usase pahale maiM hI kaise zveta-chatra kA adhikArI hotA hU~ ?' uttara milA--'tAta ! terA bhAI, 'mujhe rAjya kI apekSA nahIM,

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNe 325 maiM pravajita hoU~gA' kaha calA gyaa|' pUchA-'vaha isa samaya kahA~ hai ?' 'gaMgA-taTa para !' 'tAta ! mere bhAI ne jise thUka diyA, usakI mujhe jarUrata nahIM hai|' 'mUrkha, tuccha-prajJa prANI hI isa kleza kA tyAga nahIM kara sakate, kintu maiM tyAga kruuNgaa|' itanA kaha, rAjA tathA purohita ko upadeza dete hue usane do gAthAe~ kahIM paMko ca kAmA palipI ca kAmA manoharA duttarA, maccudheyyA, etasmiM paMke palipe vyasajjA hInattarUpA na taranti pAraM // 9 // ayaM pure luiM akAsi kamma svAyaM gahIto, na hi mokkha ito me olaMdhiyA naM parirakkhissA mi * mAyaM puna luI akAsi kammaM // 10 // 'kAma-bhoga kIcar3a haiM, kAma-bhoga daladala haiM, manohara haiM, dustara haiM, maraNa-mukha haiM / isa kIcar3a meM, isa daladala meM phaMse hue honAtma loga taira kara pAra nahIM ho skte|' _ 'maiMne pUrva janma meM raudra-karma kiyaa| usakA phala aba bhoga rahA huuN| usase mokSa nahIM hai| aba maiM vANI aura karmendriyoM kI rakSA karU~gA, tAki phira mujhase raudra-karma na ho|' ____ 'Apa raheM, Apake sAtha bAta karate hI karate vyAdhi, jarA, maraNa Adi A pahuMcate haiM' kaha, upadeza de, yojana-bhara janatA ko sAtha le, nikala kara hastipAla kumAra ke pAsa phuNcaa| usane AkAza meM baiTha, use dharmopadeza dete hue kahA-'bhAI ! yahA~ bar3A janasamUha ekatra hogaa| abhI hama yahIM rheN|' dUsare ne bhI 'acchA' kaha svIkAra kiyaa| ___phira eka dina rAjA aura purohita usI prakAra gopAla-kumAra ke ghara phuNce| usake dvArA bhI usI prakAra svAgata kie jAne para unhoMne apane Ane kA kAraNa khaa| usane bhI azvapAla-kumAra kI hI taraha asvIkAra kiyaa| bolA-'maiM cirakAla se khoe baila ko DhU~r3hane vAle kI taraha pravrajyA ko DhU~DhatA phira rahA huuN| baila ke pada-cihnoM kI taraha mujhe vaha mArga dikhAI de gayA hai, jisa para bhAI calA hai| aba maiM usI mArga se clNgaa|' - itanA kaha, yaha gathA kahI. gavaM na naTuM puriso yathA vane pariyesati rAja apassamAno, evaM naTTho esukArI meM attho so haM kathaM na gaveseyya rAja // 21 // 'he rAjan ! jisa prakAra vaha AdamI jisakA baila kho gayA hai aura dikhAI nahIM

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326 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . detA, vaha jaMgala meM apane baila ko khojatA hai, usI prakAra he esukArI ! merA jo pravrajyA rUpI artha naSTa ho gayA, use maiM Aja kaise na khoj|' ___ve bole-'tAta gopAla, eka do dina pratIkSA kara / hamAre Azvasta hone para pIche pravajita honaa|' usane, 'mahArAja, yaha nahIM kahanA cAhie ki Aja karane yogya kArya kala kruuNgaa| zubha-karma Aja aura Aja hI karanA cAhie'-kaha, zeSa gAthAeM kahIM hiyyo ti hiyyo ti poso pareti (parihAyati ) anAgataM netaM asthIti jatvA upannachandaM ko panudeyya dhIro // 12 // jo puruSa kala aura parasoM karatA rahatA hai, usakA patana hotA hai| yaha jAna kara ki bhaviSya-kAla hai hI nahIM, kauna dhIra-puruSa kisI (kuzala) saMkalpa ko ttaalegaa| ___ isa prakAra gopAla-kumAra ne do gAthAoM se dharmopadeza diyaa| phira 'Apa raheM, Apake sAtha bAtacIta karate hI karate vyAdhi, jarA, maraNa Adi A pahucate haiM' kaha, yojana-bhara janatA ko sAtha le, nikala kara, donoM bhAiyoM ke pAsa hI calA gyaa| hastipAla ne use bhI AkAza meM baiThakara dharmopadeza diyaa| __phira agale dina rAjA aura purohita usI prakAra ajapAla kumAra ke ghara phuNce| usake bhI usI prakAra Ananda prakaTa karane para unhoMne apane Ane kA kAraNa kaha, chatra dhAraNa karane kI bAta khii| kumAra ne pUchA-'mere bhAI kahA~ haiM ?' 've hameM rAjya kI apekSA nahIM hai' kaha, zveta-chatra chor3a, tIna yojana anuyAiyoM ko sAtha le, nikala, jAkara gaGgA-taTa para baiThe haiM / ' 'maiM apane bhAiyoM ke thUka ko, sira para lie-lie nahIM ghuumNgaa| maiM bhI pravajita hoU~gA / 'tAta ! tU abhI choTA hai|' hamAre hAya kA sahArA hai / Ayu hone para pravajita honA / ' kumAra ne uttara diyA-'Apa kyA kahate haiM ? kyA ye prANI bacapana meM bhI aura bUr3he hone para bhI nahIM marate haiM ? yaha bacapana meM maregA aura yaha bUr3he hone para maregA-isakA kisI ke bhI hAtha athavA pA~va meM koI pramANa nhiiN| maiM apanA mRtyakAla nahIM jAnatA / isalie abhI pravrajita houuNgaa|' itanA kaha do gAthAyeM kahIM' passAmi voha dahari kumAriM matUpamaM ketakapuphphanettaM abhutva bhoge paThame vayasmiM AdAya maccu vajate kumAriM // 13 // yuvA sujAto sumukho sudassano sAmo kusumbhapadikiNNamastra - hitvAna kAme paTigaccha gehaM anujAna meM, pabvajissAmi deva // 14 // .

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 'maiM dekhatA hU~ ki hAsa-vilAsa-yukta, masta, ketaka puSpa ke samAna vizAla netroM vAlI kumArI ko, jisane kAma bhogoM ko nahIM bhogA hai, prathama-Ayu meM hI mRtyu ke kara cala detI hai|' ___ 'usI prakAra kulIna, sundara, sudarzana, svarNa-varNa, taruNa ko jisakI dAr3hI kesara kI taraha bikharI hai, lekara cala detI hai| isalie maiM kAma-bhogoM tathA ghara ko chor3akara pravrajita honA cAhatA hU~ / Apa mujhe anujJA deN|' isa prakAra kaha, 'aura Apa raheM, Apake sAtha bAtacIta karate hI karate vyAdhi, jarA maraNa Adi A pahuMcate haiM' kaha kara usane donoM ko praNAma kiyaa| phira yojana bhara janatA ko anuyAI banA, nikalakara, gaMgA-taTa para hI jA phuNcaa| hastipAla ne use bhI AkAza meM baiThakara dharmopadeza diyaa| 'bar3A jana-samUha ekatra hogA' suna vaha bhI vahIM baiMTha gyaa| phira agale dina pAlathI mAre baiThe purohita ne socA-mere putra pravajita ho gae aba maiM akelA hI manuSya rUpI ,Tha ho kara raha gayA huuN| maiM bhI pravajita houuNgaa| yaha soca usane brAhmaNI ke sAtha vicAra-vimarza karate hue yaha gAthA kaho sAkhAhi rukho labhate samajaM pahInasAkhaM pana khAnuM Ahu, pahInaputtassa mamajja hoti vAseTTi bhikkhAcariyAya kAlo // 15 // . 'zAkhA sahita hone se hI per3a ko vRkSa kahate haiN| zAkhA-rahita per3a ThUTha kahalAtA hai| he vAseTThi ! isa samaya maiM putra-vihIna huuN| isalie yaha merA pravajita hone kA samaya hai|' yaha kahakara usane brAhmaNoM ko bulbaayaa| sATha hajAra brAhmaNa ikaTThe ho gae / usane unheM pUchA- 'tuma kyA karoge ?' 'aura AcArya tuma ?' 'maiM to putra ke pAsa pravrajita houuNgaa|' usase assI-karor3a dhana brAhmaNoM ko sauMpA, yojana-bhara brAhmaNa-janatA ko sAtha le, nikalakara putra ke hI pAsa phuNcaa| hastipAla ne usa jana-samUha ko bhI AkAza meM khar3e hokara dharmopadeza diyaa| ___ phira agale dina brAhmaNI socane lagI-mere cAroM putra zveta-chatra chor3akara prabajita hone ke lie cale ge| brAhmaNa bhI purohita-pada aura assI karor3a dhana chor3akara putroM ke pAsa hI gyaa| maiM yahA~ kyA kruuNgii| maiM bhI putroM kA hI anugamana kruuNgii| usane pUrvakAlIna udAharaNa ko lAte hue ullAsa gAthA kahI

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328 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana aghasmi koJcA va yathA himaccaye tantAni jAlAni padAliya haMsA, gachanti puttA ca patI ca mayhaM sAha kathaM nAnuvaje pajAnaM // 16 // "jisa prakAra AkAza meM kroMca (pakSI) jAte haiM athavA jisa prakAra himapAta ke samaya haMsa jAla ko kATakara cale gae, usI prakAra mere putra aura pati mujhe chor3a kara cale ge| aba maiM apane putroM kA anukaraNa kaise na karU~ ?' isa prakAra usane 'maiM aisI socatI huI bhI, kyoM na prabajita hoU~ ?' soca, nizcaya karake, brAhmaNiyoM ko bulavAyA aura pUchA-'tuma kyA karogI?' 'aura Arye ! tuma ?' 'meM prabajita houuNgii|' 'hama bhI prabajita hoNgii|' usane vaha vaibhava chor3a diyA aura yojana-bhara anuyAiyoM ko sAtha le, putroM ke pAsa hI gii| hastipAla ne usa pariSad ko bhI, AkAza meM baiThe dharmopadeza diyaa| phira agale dina rAjA ne pUchA-'purohita kahA~ hai ?' 'deva ! purohita aura usakI brAhmaNI, sArA dhana chor3a, do-tIna yojana anuyAiyoM ko sAtha le, putroM ke pAsa hI cale ge|' 'jisakA svAmI nahIM, aisA dhana rAjA kA hotA hai|' aisA soca rAjA ne usake ghara se dhana maMgavA liyaa| taba rAjA kI paTarAnI ne pUchA-'rAjA kyA karatA hai ?' uttara milA-'purohita ke ghara se dhana ma~gavA rahA hai|' taba prazna kiyA--'purohita kahA~ hai?' uttara mila'sapatnIka prabajyA ke lie nikala par3A hai|' yaha bAta sunI, to paTarAnI ne socA- 'yaha rAjA brAhmaNa, brAhmaNI tathA cAra putroM dvArA parityakta mala aura thUka ko, moha se mUr3ha hone ke kAraNa, apane ghara uThavA kara maMgavA rahA hai| ise upamA dvArA smjhaauuNgii|' usane kasAI-ghara se mAMsa maMgavAyA, rAjAMgana meM Dhera lagavA diyA, aura sIdhA-rAstA chor3a jAla tanavA diyaa| gIdha dUra se hI dekhakara mAMsa ke lie utre| unameM jo buddhimAna the, unhoMne jAla phailA dekha socA ki bhArI ho jAne para hama sIdhe na ur3a skeNge| ve khAyA huA mAMsa bhI chor3a, jAla meM na phaMsa, sIdhe ur3akara hI cale ge| kintu jo andhe-mUrkha the, unhoMne unakA parityakta, vamita mAMsa khAyA aura bhArI ho jAne ke kAraNa sIdhe na uTha sake / ve jAkara jAla meM phaMsa ge| taba eka gIdha lAkara rAnI ko dikhAyA gyaa| usane use liyA aura rAjA ke samIpa jAkara bolI, 'mahArAja AyeM, rAjAgaMna meM eka tamAzA dekheN|' usane jharokhA kholA aura 'mahArAja, ina godhoM ko dekheM, kaha do gAthAe~ kahI- .

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa ete bhutvA vamitvA ca pakkamanti vihaMgamA, ye ca bhutvA na varmisu te me hatthatthaM AgatA // 17 // avamI brAhmaNo kAme, te tvaM paccAvamissasi, vantAdo puriso rAja na so hoti pasaMsiyo // 18 // 'inameM jo khAkara vamana kara de rahe haiM, ve pakSI ur3e jA rahe haiM, aura jo khAkara vamana nahIM kara sakate, ve mere hAtha meM A phaMse / ' 'brAhmaNa ne jina kAma-bhogoM kA tiraskAra kiyA, unheM tU upabhoga karane jA rahA hai / he rAjan ! vamana kie hue ko khAne vAle kI prazaMsA nahIM hotii|' __ yaha suna rAjA ko pazcAttApa huaa| use tInoM bhava jalate hue pratIta hue| usane socA ki mujhe Aja hI rAjya chor3a kara pravajita ho jAnA caahie| usake mana meM vairAgya paidA ho gyaa| taba usane devI kI prazaMsA karate hue yaha gAthA kahI ___paMke va posaM palipe vyasannaM balI yathA dubbalaM uddhareyya, evaM pi maM tvaM udatAri bhoti paJcAli gAthAhi subhAsitAhi // 19 // _ 'jaise koI balavAna AdamI kIcar3a athavA daladala meM phaMse kisI durbala manuSya kA uddhAra kara de, usI prakAra he paJcAlI ! tUne subhASita gAthAoM dvArA merA uddhAra kara diyA hai|' ___ yaha kaha aura usI kSaNa prabajita hone kI icchA se apane amAtyoM ko bulAkara pUchA-'tuma kyA karoge ?' 'aura deva ! Apa ?' 'maiM hastipAla ke samIpa pravajita houuNgaa|' 'deva ! hama bhI pravrajita hoNge|' rAjA ne bAraha yojana ke vArANasI nagara kA rAjya chor3a diyA aura ghoSaNA kara dI ki jinheM jarUrata ho ve zveta-chatra dhAraNa kreN| vaha tona-yojana anuyAiyoM ke sAtha kumAra ke hI pAsa phuNcaa| kumAra ne usakI pariSada ko bhI AkAza meM baiTha dharmopadeza diyaa| zAstA ne rAjA ke pravajita hone kI bAta ko prakAzita karate hue yaha gAthA kahI idaM vatvA mahArAja esukArI disampati / raTuM hitvAna pabbaji nAgo chetvA va baMdhanaM // 20 // 'yaha kahakara dizA-pati mahArAja esukArI usI prakAra rASTra chor3akara pravajita ho gayA, jaise hAthI bandhana ko kATa DAlatA hai|' phira eka dina nagara meM avaziSTa janoM ne ikaTThe ho, rAjadvAra pahu~ca, devI ko sUcanA 42 .

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330 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana karA, rAja-bhavana meM praveza kara, devI kI vandanA ko aura eka ora khar3e ho yaha gAthA kahI rAjA ca pabbajjaM Arocayittha raTuM pahAya naraviriyaseTTho, tuvampi no hohi yatheva rAjA amhe hi guttA anusAsa rajjaM // 21 // 'rAjA ko pravrajyA acchI lgii| vaha naravIryazreSTha rAja chor3a kara calA gyaa| aba tuma hamArI vaisI hI 'rAjA' bana jaao| hamAre dvArA surakSita raha kara rAjyAnuzAsana kro|' usane janatA kA kahanA suna zeSa gAthAe~ kahIM-- rAjA ca pabbajja Arocayittha raSTuM pahAya naraviriyaseTTho ahaM pi ekA carissAmi loke hitvAna kAmAni manoramAni // 22 // rAjA ca.......................... hitvAna kAmAni yathodhikAni // 23 // accenti kAlA tarayanti rattiyo vayoguNA anupabbaM jahanti, ahaM pi ekA carissAmi loke , hitvAna kAmAni manoramAni // 24 // accentiH hitvAna kAmAni yayodhikAni // 25 // accenti............ sItibhUtA sabbaM aticca saMgaM // 26 // 'rAjA ko pravrajyA acchI lgo| vaha naravIryazreSTha rAjya chor3akara calA gyaa| maiM bhI manorama kAma-bhogoM ko chor3akara loka meM akelI vicarUMgI / ' 'rAjA ko..... maiM bhI nAnA prakAra ke kAma-bhogoM ko chor3akara loka meM akelI vicruuNgii|' ___ 'kAla calA jAtA hai, rAteM gujara jAtI haiM, Ayu kramAnusAra vyatIta ho jAtI hai| maiM bhI manorama kAma-bhogoM ko chor3a kara loka meM akelI vicruuNgii|' .

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 'kAla calA jAtA hai...| maiM bhI nAnA prakAra ke kAma-bhogoM ko chor3a kara loka meM akelI vicruuNgii|' ___ 'kAla calA jAtA hai... / maiM bhI sArI AsaktiyoM ko chor3a zAnta-citta ho loka meM akelI vicruuNgii|' isa prakAra usane ina gAthAoM se janatA ko dharmopadeza de amAtya-bhAryAoM ko bulavA kara pUchA---'tuma kyA karogI ?' 'aura Arye tuma ?' 'maiM pravajita houuNgii|' 'hama bhI pravrajita hoNgii|' usane 'acchA' kaha rAjabhavana ke svarNAgAra Adi khulavAye aura phira 'amuka sthAna para bar3A khajAnA gar3A hai' sone kI pATI para likhavA kara ghoSaNA kI ki yaha diyA hI hai (lene vAle) le jaayeN| phira usa sone kI paTTI ko U~ce khambhe meM baMdhavA kara nagara meM munAdI karavA, mahAn sampatti chor3a, nagara se nikala pdd'ii| usa samaya sAre nagara meM khalabalI maca gii| loga socane lage.-'rAjA aura devI rAjya chor3a kara pravrajita hone ke lie cale gae, aba hama kyA kareM ?' taba loga bhare-bharAye ghara chor3a, putroM ko hAtha meM le nikala pdd'e| tamAma dukAna khulI kI khulI raha gii| lauTa kara koI dekhane vAlA na thaa| sArA nagara khAlI ho gyaa| devI bhI tIna-yojana anuyAiyoM ko lekara vahIM phuNcii| hastipAla kumAra ne usake anuyAiyoM ko bhI AkAza meM baiTha dharmopadeza diyA / phira bAraha yojana anuyAiyoM ko sAtha le himavanta kI ora cala diyaa| 'jaba hastipAla kumAra bAraha yojana kI vArANasI ko khAlI karake, pravajita hone ke lie, janatA ko lekara himAcala calA jA rahA hai, to hamArI kyA ginatI hai'-soca sAre kAzI rASTra meM khalabalI maca gii| Age calakara tIsa yojana anuyAyI ho ge| vaha una anuyAiyoM ko le himAlaya meM praviSTa huA / zakra ne dhyAna lagAkara dekhA to use patA calA ki hastipAla kumAra abhiniSkramaNa kara nikala pdd'aa| usane socA, bar3I bhIr3a hogii| nivAsasthAna kI vyavasthA honI caahie| zakra ne vizvakarmA ko bulAkara AjJA dI--'jA chattIsa yojana lambA aura pandraha yojana caur3A Azrama banAkara usameM pravrajitoM kI AvazyakatAe~ lAkara rkh|' usane 'acchA' kaha svIkAra kiyA aura gaGgA-taTa para ramaNIya pradeza meM ukta lambAI-caur3AI kA Azrama banA diyaa| phira parNazAlAoM meM pIDhe, Asana Adi bichAkara pravajita kI sabhI AvazyakatAoM kI vyavasthA kii| eka-eka parNazAlA ke dvAra para eka-eka caMkramaNa-bhUmi, rAtri aura dina ke lie, cUnA putA sahAre kA paTar3A, una-una jagahoM para nAnA prakAra ke sugandhita puSpoM se lade hue puSpa-vRkSa, eka-eka caMkramaNa-bhUmi ke sire para eka-eka pAnI bharA kuMA, usake pAsa eka-eka phala-vRkSa / vaha (vRkSa) akelA hI sabhI prakAra ke phala lA detA thaa| yaha saba deva-pratApa se huaa| vizvakarmA ne Azrama kA nirmANa kara,

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332 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayane / parNazAlAoM meM pravajitoM kI AvazyakatAeM dIvAra para akSara likhe, jo koI bhI pravajita honA cAhe, ina pravajitoM kI AvazyakatAoM ko le le|" phira apane pratApa se bhayAnaka zabda, mRga, pakSI, durdarzanIya amanuSyoM ko dUra karake apane sthAna ko hI calA gyaa| ___ hastipAla kumAra ne DaNDI-DaNDI jAkara zaka ke die hue Azrama meM praveza kiyA aura likhe akSaroM ko dekha, socA zakra ne mere mahAn abhiniSkramaNa kI bAta jAna lI hogii| usane dvAra khola, parNazAlA meM praveza kiyA aura RSiyoM ke DhaMga kI pravrajyA ke cihnoM ko lekara nikala pdd'aa| phira caMkramaNa-bhUmi meM utara, kaI bAra idhara- udhara jA, sArI janatA ko pravajita kara, Azrama kA vicAra kiyaa| taba taruNa putroM aura striyoM ko bIca kI jagaha meM parNazAlA dI, usake bAda bUr3hI striyoM ko, usake bAda bA~jha striyoM ko, aura anta meM cAroM ora ghera kara puruSoM ko sthAna diyaa| taba eka rAjA yaha suna ki vArANasI meM rAjA nahIM hai, aayaa| usane saje-sajAye nagara ko dekha, rAja-bhavana meM car3ha, jahA~-tahA~ ratnoM ke Dhera dekha socA, 'isa prakAra ke nagara ko chor3a pravajita hone ke samaya se yaha pravrajyA mahAn hogii|' usane eka piyakkar3a se mArga pachA aura hastipAla ke pAsa hI calA gyaa| hastipAla ko jaba patA lagA ki vaha vana ke sire para A pahu~cA hai, to agavAnI kara, AkAza meM baiTha dharmopadeza de, Azrama lA, sabhI logoM ko pravrajita kiyaa| isI prakAra aura bhI chaH rAjA pravrajita hue / sAta rAjAoM ne sampatti chodd'ii| chattIsa-yojana kA prAzrama sArA kA sArA bhara gyaa| jo kAma-vitarka Adi vitarkoM meM se kisI saMkalpa ko mana meM jagaha detA, mahApuruSa use dharmopadeza de brahma-vihAra aura yoga-vidhi btaate| unameM se adhikAMza dhyAna tathA abhiJA prApta kara tIna hissoM meM se do hisse brahmaloka meM utpanna hue| phira tIsare hisse ke tIna hisse karake, eka hissA brahmaloka meM paidA huA, eka chaH kAma-logoM meM, eka RSiyoM kI sevA kara manuSya loka meM tInoM kuzala sampattiyoM meM paidA hue| isa prakAra hastipAla ke zAsana meM na koI naraka meM paidA huA, na koI pazu hokara paidA huA, na koI preta hokara paidA huA aura na koI asura hokara paidA huaa| mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 175 atikrAmati kAle'smin, srvbhuutkssyaavhe| kiM zreyaH pratipadyata, tanme bU hi pitAmaha // 1 // rAjA yudhiSThira ne pUchA-'pitAmaha ! samasta bhUtoM kA saMhAra karanevAlA yaha kAla barAbara bItA jA rahA hai, aisI avasthA meM manuSya kyA karane se kalyANa kA bhAgI ho sakatA hai ? yaha mujhe btaaie|'

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saMNDa 2, prakaraNe : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 333 atrApyudAharantImamitihAsaM purAtanam / 'pituH putreNa saMvAdaM taM nibodha yudhiSThira ! // 2 // bhISmajI ne kahA-'yudhiSThira ! isa viSaya meM jJAnI puruSa pitA aura putra ke saMvAda rUpa isa prAcIna itihAsa kA udAharaNa diyA karate haiN| tuma usa saMvAda ko dhyAna dekara suno|' dvijAteH kasyacit pArtha !, svAdhyAyaniratasya vai| babhUva putro meghAvI, medhAvI nAma nAmataH // 3 // kuntIkumAra ! prAcIna kAla meM eka brAhmaNa the, jo sadA vedazAstroM ke svAdhyAya meM tatpara rahate the| unake eka putra huA, jo guNa se to medhAvI thA hI nAma se bhI medhAvI thaa| so'bravIt pitaraM putraH, svAdhyAyakaraNe ratam / mokSadharmArthakuzalo, lokatattvavicakSaNaH // 4 // __ vaha mokSa, dharma aura artha meM kuzala tathA lokatattva kA acchA jJAtA thaa| eka dina usa putra ne apane svAdhyAya -parAyaNa pitA se kahA--- dhIraH kiMsvit tAta kuryAt prajAnAM, kSipraM hyAyudhaM zyate mAnavAnAm / pitastadAcakSva yathArthayogaM, mamAnupULa yena dharma careyam // 5 // putra bolA--'pitAjI ! manuSyoM kI Ayu tIvra gati se bItI jA rahI hai| yaha jAnate hue dhIra puruSa ko kyA karanA cAhie ? tAta ! Apa mUjhe yathArtha upAya kA upadeza kIjie, jisake anusAra maiM dharma kA AcaraNa kara skuuN|' . - vedAnadhItya brahmacaryeNa putra, putrAnicchet pAvanArtha pitRNAm / agnInAdhAya vidhivacceSTayajJo, vanaM pravizyAtha munibubhUSet // 6 // pitA ne kahA- 'beTA ! dvija ko cAhie ki vaha pahale brahmacarya-vrata kA pAlana karate hue sampUrNa vedoM kA adhyayana kare, phira gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karake pitaroM kI sadgati ke lie putra paidA karane kI icchA kre| vidhipUrvaka vividha agniyoM kI sthApanA karake yajJoM kA anuSThAna kre| tatpazcAt vAnaprastha-Azrama meM praveza kre| usake bAda maunabhAva se rahate hue saMnyAsI hone kI icchA kare / ' evamabhyAhate loke samantAt privaarite| amoghAsu patantISu kiM dhIra iva bhASase // 7 // putra ne kahA-'pitAjI! yaha loka jaba isa prakAra se mRtyu dvArA mArA jA rahA hai, jarA avasthA dvArA cAroM ora se ghera liyA gayA hai, dina aura rAta saphalatApUrvaka

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334 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana Ayu-kSaya rUpa kAma kara bIta rahe haiM, aisI dazA meM bhI Apa dhIra kI bhA~ti kaisI bAta kara rahe haiN|' kathamabhyAhato lokaH, kena vA parivAritaH / amoghAH kAH patantIha, kiM nu bhISayasIva mAm // 8 // pitA ne pUchA- 'beTA ! tuma mujhe bhayabhIta-sA kyoM kara rahe ho ? batAo to sahI, yaha loka kisase mArA jA rahA hai, kisane ise ghera rakhA hai, aura yahA~ kauna-se aise vyakti haiM jo saphalatApUrvaka apanA kAma karake vyatIta ho rahe haiN|' mRtyunAbhyAhato loko, jarayA privaaritH| ahorAtrAH patantyete, nanu kasmAnna budhyase // 9 // putra ne kahA-'pitAjI ! dekhie, yaha sampUrNa jagat mRtyu ke dvArA mArA jA rahA hai| bur3hApe ne ise cAroM ora se ghera liyA hai aura ye dina-rAta hI ve vyakti haiM jo saphalatApUrvaka prANiyoM kI Ayu kA apaharaNasvarUpa apanA kAma karake vyatIta ho rahe haiM, isa bAta ko Apa samajhate kyoM nahIM haiM ? amoghA rAtrayazcApi nityamAyAnti yAnti ca / yadAhametajjAnAmi na mRtyustipThatIti h|. so'haM kathaM pratIkSipye jAlenApihitazcaran // 10 // 'ye amogha rAtriyA~ nitya AtI haiM aura calI jAtI haiN| jaba maiM isa bAta ko jAnatA hU~ ki mRtyu kSaNabhara ke lie bhI ruka nahIM sakatI aura maiM usake jAla meM phaMsakara hI vicara rahA hU~, taba maiM thor3I dera bhI pratIkSA kaise kara sakatA hU~ ? rAvyAM rAvyAM vyatItAyAmAyuralpataraM ydaa| gAdhodake matsya iva sukhaM vindeta kastadA // 11 // 'jaba eka-eka rAta bItane ke sAtha hI Ayu bahuta kama hotI calI jA rahI hai, taba chichale jala meM rahanevAlI machalI ke samAna kauna sukha pA sakatA hai ? tadaiva vandhyaM divasamiti vidyAd vicakSaNaH / anavApteSu kAmeSu mRtyurabhyeti mAnavam // 12 // _ 'jisa rAta ke bItane para manuSya koI zubha karma na kare, usa dina ko vidvAn puruSa vyartha hI gayA smjhe| manuSya kI kAmanA pUrI bhI nahIM hone pAtIM ki mauta usake pAsa A pahu~catI hai| zapANIva vicinvantamanyatragatamAnasam / vRkIvoraNamAsAdya mRtyurAdAya gacchati // 13 // 'jaise ghAsa carate hue bher3oM ke pAsa acAnaka vyAghrI pahu~ca jAtI hai aura use dabocakara

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 335 cala detI hai, usI prakAra manuSya kA mana jaba dUsarI ora lagA hotA hai, usI samaya sahasA mRtyu A jAtI hai aura use lekara cala detI hai / adyaiva kuru yaccha yo, mA tvAM kAlo'tyagAdayam / akRteSveva kAryeSu, mRtyuH samprakaSati // 14 // 'isalie jo kalyANakArI kArya ho, use Aja hI kara ddaalie| ApakA yaha samaya hAthase nikala na jAya, kyoMki sAre kAma adhUre hI par3e raha jAyeMge aura mauta Apako khIMca le jaaegii| zvaH kAryamadya kurvIta, pUrvAhna cAparAhnikam / nahi pratIkSate mRtyuH, kRtamasya na vA kRtam // 15 // 'kala kiyA jAne vAlA kAma Aja hI pUrA kara lenA caahie| jise sAyaMkAla meM karanA hai, use prAtaHkAla meM hI kara lenA cAhie ; kyoMki mauta yaha nahIM dekhatI ki isakA kAma abhI pUrA huA yA nhiiN| ko hi jAnAti kasyAdya, mRtyukAlo bhaviSyati / abuddha evAkramate, mInAn mInagraho yathA // 'kauna jAnatA hai ki kisakA mRtyukAla Aja hI upasthita hogA ? sampUrNa jagat para prabhutva rakhanevAlI mRtyu jaba kisIko harakara le jAnA cAhatI hai to use pahale se nimaMtraNa nahIM bhejatI hai| jaise machue cupake se Akara machaliyoM ko pakar3a lete haiM, usI prakAra mRtyu bhI ajJAta rahakara hI AkramaNa karatI hai| yuvaiva dharmazIlaH syAdanityaM khalu jIvitam / kRte. dharme bhavet kIrtiriha pretya ca vai sukham // 16 // 'ataH yuvAvasthA meM hI sabako dharmakA AcaraNa karanA cAhie, kyoMki jIvana niHsandeha anitya hai| dharmAcaraNa karane se isa loka meM kIrti kA vistAra hotA hai aura paraloka meM bhI use sukha milatA hai| mohena hi samAviSTaH, putradArArthamudyataH / kRtvA kAryamakArya vA, puSTiMmeSAM prayacchati // 17 // 'jo manuSya moha meM DUbA huA hai, vahI putra aura strI ke lie udyoga karane lagatA hai aura karane tathA na karane yogya kAma karake ina sabakA pAlana-poSaNa karatA hai| taM putrapazusampannaM, vyAsaktamanasaM naram / suptaM vyAghro mRgamiva, mRtyurAdAya gacchati // 18 //

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . _ 'jaise soe hue mRga ko bAgha uThA le jAtA hai, usI prakAra putra aura pazuoM se sampanna evaM unhIM meM mana ko phaMsAe rakhane vAle manuSya ko eka dina mRtyu Akara uThA le jAtI hai| saMcinvAnakamevainaM, kAmAnAmavitRptakam / vyAghraH pazu mivAdAya, mRtyurAdAya gacchati // 19 // 'jaba taka manuSya bhogoM se tRta nahIM hotA, saMgraha hI karatA rahatA hai, tabhI taka hI use mauta Akara le jAtI hai / ThIka vaise hI, jaise vyAghra kisI pazu ko le jAtA hai| . idaM kRtamidaM kAryamidamanyat kRtAkRtam / evamohAsukhAsaktaM kRtAntaH kurute vaze // 20 // 'manuSya socatA hai ki yaha kAma pUrA ho gayA, yaha abhI karanA hai aura yaha adhUrA hI par3A hai, isa prakAra ceSTAjanita sukhameM Asakta hue mAnava ko kAla apane vaza meM kara letA hai| kRtAnAM phalamaprAptaM, karmaNAM karmasaMjJitam / zetrApaNagRhAsakta, matyurAdAya gacchati // 21 // 'manuSya apane kheta, dUkAna aura ghara meM hI pha~sA rahatA hai, usake kie hue una karmoM kA phala milane bhI nahIM pAtA, usake pahale hI usa karmAsakta manuSya ko mRtyu uThA le jAtI hai| dubalaM balavantaM ca, zUraM bhoraM jaDaM kavim / aprAptaM sarvakAmArthAn, mRtyurAdAya gacchati // 22 // 'koI durbala ho yA balavAn, zuravIra ho yA Darapoka tathA mUrkha ho yA vidvAn, mRtyu usako samasta kAmanAoM ke pUrNa hone se pahale hI use uThA le jAtI hai / mRtyurjarA ca vyAdhizca, duHkhaM cAnekakAraNam / anuSaktaM yadA dehe, kiM svastha iva tiSThasi // 23 // 'pitAjI ! jaba isa zarIra meM mRtyu, jarA, vyAdhi aura aneka kAraNoM se hone vAle duHkhoM kA AkramaNa hotA hI rahatA hai, taba Apa svasya-se hokara kyoM baiThe haiM ? jAtamevAntako'ntAya, jarA cAnveti dehinam / anuSaktA dvayenaite, bhAvAH sthAvarajaGgamAH // 24 // 'dehadhArI jIva ke janma lete hI anta karane ke lie mauta aura bur3hApA usake pIche laga jAte haiM / ye samasta carAcara prANo ina donoM se baMdhe hue haiN| .

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 337 mRtyorvA mukhametad ve, yA grAme vasato ratiH / devAnAmeSa vai goSTho, yadaraNya miti zrutiH // 25 // 'grAma yA nagara meM raha kara jo strI-putra Adi meM Asakti bar3hAyI jAtI hai, yaha mRtyu kA mukha hI hai aura jo vana kA Azraya letA hai, yaha indriyarUpI gauoM ko bA~dhane ke lie gozAlA ke samAna hai, yaha zruti kA kathana hai / nibandhanI rajjureSA, yA grAme vasato ratiH / chittvaitAM sukRto yAnti, nainAM chindanti duSkRtaH // 26 // 'grAma meM rahane para vahA~ ke strI-putra Adi viSayoM meM jo Asakti hotI hai, yaha jIva ko bA~dhane vAlI rassI ke samAna hai| puNyAtmA puruSa hI ise kATa kara nikala pAte haiM / pApI puruSa ise nahIM kATa paate| na hiMsayati yo jantUn, manovAkkAyahetubhiH / jIvitArthApanayanaiH, prANibhi ne sa hiMsyate // 27 // 'jo manuSya mana, vANI aura zarIrarUpI sAdhanoM dvArA prANiyoM kI hiMsA nahIM karatA, usakI bhI jIvana aura artha kA nAza karane vAle hiMsaka prANI hiMsA nahIM karate haiN| naM mRtyusenAmAyAntI, jAtu kazcit prabAdhate / Rte satyamasat tyAjyaM, satye hyamatamAzritam // 28 // 'satya ke binA koI bhI manuSya sAmane Ate hue mRtyu kI senA kA kabhI sAmanA nahIM kara sakatA ; isalie asatya ko tyAga denA cAhie ; kyoMki amRtatva satya meM hI sthita hai| tasmAt satyavratAcAraH, satyayogaparAyaNaH / satyAgamaH sadA dAntaH, satyenaivAntakaM jayet // 29 // 'ata: manuSya ko satyavrata kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| satya-yoga meM tatpara rahanA aura zAstra kI bAtoM ko satya mAna kara zraddhApUrvaka sadA mana aura indriyoM kA saMyama karanA cAhie / isa prakAra satya ke dvArA hI manuSya mRtyu para vijaya pA sakatA hai / amataM caiva mRtyuzca, dvayaM dehe pratiSThitam / mRtyumApadyate mohAt, satyenApadyate'mRtam // 30 // 'amRta aura mRtyu donoM isa zarIra meM hI sthita haiN| manuSya moha se mRtyu ko aura satya se amRta ko prApta hotA hai| so'haM hyahiMsraH satyArthI, kAmakrodhabahiSkRtaH / samaduHkhasukhaH zemI, mRtyuM hAsyAmyamartyavat // 31 //

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338 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ___ 'ataH aba maiM hiMsA se dUra raha kara satya kI khoja karU~gA, kAma aura krodha ko . hRdaya se nikAla kara du:kha aura sukha meM samAna bhAva rakhUgA tathA sabake lie kalyANakArI bana kara devatAoM ke samAna mRtyu ke bhaya se mukta ho jAU~gA / zAntiyajJarato vAnto, brahmayajJe sthito muniH / vAGmanaHkarmayajJazca, bhaviSyAmyudagAyane // 32 // 'maiM nivRtti-parAyaNa ho kara zAntimaya yajJa meM tatpara rahU~gA, mana aura indriyoM ko basa meM rakha kara brahmayajJa (veda-zAstroM ke svAdhyAya) meM laga jAU~gA aura munivRtti se rhuuNgaa| uttarAyaNa ke mArga se jAne ke lie maiM japa aura svAdhyAyarUpa vAgyajJa, dhyAnarUpa manoyajJa aura agnihotra evaM guruzuzrUSAdirUpa karmayajJa kA anuSThAna kruuNgaa| pazuyajJaiH kathaM hiMsrarmAdRzo yaSTumarhati / antavadbhiriva prAjJaH, kSetrayajJaiH pizAcavat // 33 // 'mere-jaisA vidvAn puruSa nazvara phala dene vAle hiMsAyukta pazuyajJa aura pizAcoM ke samAna apane zarIra ke hI rakta-mAMsa dvArA kie jAne vAle tAmasa yajJoM kA anuSThAna kaise kara sakatA hai ? yasya vAGmanasI syAtAM, samyak praNihite sadA / tapastyAgazca satyaM ca, sa vai sarvamavApnuyAt // 34 // 'jisakI vANI aura mana donoM sadA bhalI-bhA~ti ekAgra rahate haiM tathA jo tyAga, tapasyA aura satya se sampanna hotA hai, vaha nizcaya hI saba kucha prApta kara sakatA hai / nAsti vidyAsamaM cakSurnAsti satyasamaM tapaH / nAsti rAgasamaM duHkhaM, nAsti tyAgasamaM sukham // 35 // saMsAra meM vidyA (jJAna) ke samAna koI netra nahIM hai, satya ke samAna koI tapa nahIM hai, rAga ke samAna koI duHkha nahIM hai aura tyAga ke samAna koI sukha nahIM hai| AtmanyevAtmanA jAta, AtmaniSTho'prajo'pi vaa| Atmanyeva bhaviSyAmi, na mAM tArayati prajA // 36 // 'maiM saMtAna-rahita hone para bhI paramAtmA meM ho paramAtmA dvArA utpanna huA hU~, paramAtmA meM hI sthita huuN| Age bhI AtmA meM hI lIna ho jaauuNgaa| saMtAna mujhe pAra nahIM utaaregii| naitAdRzaM brAhmaNasyAti vittaM, yathaikatA samatA satyatA ca / zIlaMsthitirdaNDa nidhAnamArjavaM, tatastatazcoparamaH kriyAbhyaH // 37 //

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :1 kathAnaka saMkramaNe 336 'paramAtmA ke sAtha ekatA tathA samatA, satyabhASaNa, sadAcAra, brahmaniSThA, daNDa kA parityAga (ahiMsA), saralatA tathA saba prakAra ke sakAma karmoM se uparati--inake samAna brAhmaNa ke lie dUsarA koI dhana nahIM hai| kiM te dhanairbAndhavairvApi ki te, kiM te dArairbrAhmaNa yo maripyasi / AtmAnamanviccha guhAM praviSTaM, pitAmahAste kva gatAH pitA ca // 38 // 'brAhmaNadeva pitAjI ! jaba Apa eka dina mara hI jAyeMge to Apako isa dhana se kyA lenA hai athavA bhAI-bandhaoM se ApakA kyA kAma hai tathA strI Adi se ApakA kaunasA prayojana siddha hone vAlA hai ? Apa apane hRdayarUpI guphA meM sthita hue paramAtmA ko khojie / socie to sahI, Apake pitA aura pitAmaha kahA~ cale gae !' putrasyaitad vacaH zrutvA yathAkArSIt pitA nRp| tathA tvamapi vartasva satyadharmaparAyaNaH // 39 // bhISmajI kahate haiM-'narezvara ! putra kA yaha vacana suna kara pitA ne jaise satya-dharma kA anuSThAna kiyA thA, usI prakAra tuma bhI satya-dharma meM tatpara raha kara yathAyogya bartAva kro|' jaina-kathAvastu kA saMkSipta sAra jana-kathAvastu tathA bauddha-kathAvastu meM bahuta sAmya hai| sArI kathAvastu eka hI dhurI para ghUmatI-sI pratIta hotI hai| jo kucha antara hai, vaha bahuta hI sAmAnya hai| jana-kathAvastu ke chaha pAtra haiM (1) mahArAja iSukAra (2) mahArAnI kamalAvatI (3) purohita bhRgu (4) purohita kI patnI yazA (5,6) purohita ke do putra purohita ke donoM putra dIkSA ke lie prastuta hote haiN| mAtA-pitA unheM brAhmaNaparamparA ke anusAra gArhasthya-dharma ke anuzIlana kA upadeza dete haiM aura putra saMsAra kI asAratA ko dikhAte hue eka dina pravajita ho jAte haiN| mAtA-pitA bhI unake sAtha dIkSita ho jAte haiN| purohita kA koI uttarAdhikArI nahIM hone se rAjA kA mana usakI dhana-sampatti lene ke lie lalacA jAtA hai| rAnI usa parityakta dhana ko vamana se upamita karatI hai| rAjA kA mana virakti se bhara jAtA hai| rAjA-rAnI donoM pravajita ho jAte haiN|

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340 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bauddha-kathAvastu kA saMkSipta sAra bauddha-kathAvastu ke ATha pAtra haiM (1) rAjA esukArI (2) paTarAnI (3) purohita (4) purohita kI patnI (5) putra hastipAla (6) dUsarA putra azvazAla (7) tIsarA putra gopAla (8) cauthA putra ajapAla nyagrodha-vRkSa ke devatA ke varadAna se purohita ke cAra putra utpanna hote haiN| cAro pratrajita hone ke lie prastuta hote haiN| pitA unakI parIkSA karatA hai| pitA aura putroM meM saMvAda hotA hai| cAroM bArI-bArI se pitA ke samakSa jIvana kI nazvaratA, saMsAra kI asAratA, mRtyu kI avikalatA aura kAma-bhogoM kI mohakatA kA pratipAdana karate haiM / cAroM dIkSita ho jAte haiN| purohita bhI pravrajita ho jAtA hai| agale dina brAhmaNI bhI pravajyA le letI hai / rAjA-rAnI bhI pravajita ho jAte haiN| eka vizleSaNa uttarAdhyayana kI bhUmikA meM sarapenTiyara ne likhA hai ki 'yaha.kathAnaka jAtaka ke gadya bhAga se AzcaryakArI samAnatA prastuta karatA hai aura vastutaH yaha prAcIna honA caahie| DaoN0 ghATage ne jaina-kathAvastu ko vyavasthita, svAbhAvika aura yathArtha batAyA hai / unakI mAnyatA hai ki jana-kathAvastu jAtaka se prAcIna hai| unhoMne jaina-kathAvastu kI jAtaka se tulanA karate hue likhA hai-"jAtaka meM saMgRhIta kathAvastu pUrNa hai aura purohita ke cAroM putroM ke janma kA vistRta varNana prastuta karatI hai| yaha varNana jaina-kathAvastu meM nahIM hai| / 1. The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, Page 332, Foot note No. 2; This legend certainly presents a rather striking resemblance to the prose introduction of the Jataka 509, and must consequently be old.

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 341 ___"dUsarA antara putroM kI saMkhyA sambandhI hai| jAtaka meM purohita ke cAra putroM kA ullekha hai aura uttarAdhyayana meM kevala do kA / ...jaina-kathAvastu ke anusAra purohita aura rAjA ke bIca koI sambandha pratIta nahIM hotA, kintu jAtaka se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki purohita cAroM putroM kI parIkSA karane ke lie rAjA kA parAmarza letA hai aura (purohita aura rAjA) donoM mila kara dIkSA grahaNa sambandhI putroM kI icchA kI parIkSA karate haiM / jaina-kathAvastu ke anusAra yaha jJAta hotA hai ki jaba purohita kA sArA kuTumba dIkSita ho jAtA hai, taba rAjA dharmazAstra ke anusAra usakI sampatti para adhikAra kara letA hai / isakA asara rAnI ke mana para par3atA hai aura vaha sAdhvI banane ke lie prastuta hotI hai / rAjA ko bhI dIkSita hone ke lie prerita karatI hai| jaina-kathAnaka kA yaha tathya adhika svAbhAvika aura yathArtha hai| jAtaka meM aisA nahIM hai| isI prakAra jAtaka ke kathAnaka meM vaNita cAra putroM kA samAna caritra, purohita ko nyagnodha vRkSa-devatA dvArA cAra putroM kA varadAna prApta honA, rAjA ko eka bhI putra kI prApti na honA ; jaba ki use putra-lAbha kI atyanta AvazyakatA thI tathA rAjA aura purohita kA sambandha Adi-Adi tathyoM se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina-kathAvastu prAcIna hI nahIM, kintu bahuta surakSita aura vyavasthita tathA rocaka hai|" mahAbhArata ke do adhyAyoM ( zAntiparva, a0 175 tathA 277 ) meM aisA varNana hai, jisase isa kathAvastu ke antargata Ae hue pitA-putra ke saMvAda kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| donoM adhyAyoM kA pratipAdya eka hai, nAmoM kA bhI antara nahIM hai| donoM prakaraNoM (adhyAya 175 tathA 277) meM mahArAja yudhiSThira bhISma pitAmaha se kalyANa kA mArga pUchate haiM aura uttara dete hue bhISma eka brAhmaNa tathA usake putra 'medhAvI' ke saMvAda rUpa prAcIna itihAsa kA udAharaNa prastuta karate haiN| pahale prakaraNa meM 36 (athavA dakSiNAtya ke anusAra 406) zloka haiM aura dUsare prakaraNa meM 36 zloka haiM / donoM prakaraNoM ke zloka prAyaH samAna haiM, kahIM-kahIM kevala zabdoM kA antara hai| . uttarAdhyayana ke isa adhyayana meM 53 zloka haiN| unake sAtha ina adhyAyoM kA bahuta sAmya hai| padyoM kA artha-sAmya aura zabda-sAmya vastutaH vismaya meM DAla detA hai| jaina aura bauddha-kathAvastu meM pitA aura putra ke sAtha-sAtha rAjA aura rAnI kA bhI pUrA prasaMga AtA hai aura ve saba anta meM pravajita ho jAte haiN| mahAbhArata ke isa saMvAda meM kevala 2-Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Vol. 17 (1935-1936), 'A few parallels in Jain and Buddhist works', page 343, 344. 2-dekhie-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva (pRSTha 4871-4874 tathA 5138-5141) /

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342 / uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pitA-putra kA hI mukhya prasaMga hai aura anta meM putra ke upadeza se pitA satya-dharma ke anuSThAna meM udyata ho jAtA hai| ___ mahAbhArata ke ina adhyAyoM ke sUkSma adhyayana se yaha pratIta hotA hai ki pitA brAhmaNadharma kI bAta putra ko samajhAtA hai aura use veda kA adhyayana karane, gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karane, pitaroM kI sadgati ke lie putra paidA karane tathA yajJoM kA anuSThAna karane ke lie prerita karatA hai aura tadanantara vAnaprastha-Azrama ko svIkAra karane kI bAta kahatA hai / kintu putra ina sabakA nirasana karatA hai| nirasana-kAla meM vaha jo tathya prastuta karatA hai, ve zramaNa-paramparA sammata pratIta hote haiM / vaha kahatA hai (1) saMnyAsa ke lie kAla kI koI iyattA nahIM honI caahie| (2) madhyama vaya meM dharmAcaraNa karanA caahie| . (3) kie hue karmoM kA bhoga avazyambhAvI hai| (4) yajJa akaraNIya haiN| (5) hiMsAyukta pazu-yajJa tAmasa yajJa haiN| (6) tyAga, tapasyA aura satya hI zAnti ke mArga haiN| (7) tyAga ke samAna koI sukha nahIM hai| (8) santAna pAra nahIM utAra sktii| (9) dhana aura bandhu trANa nahIM haiN| (10) AtmA kA anveSaNa kro| mahAbhArata ke ina adhyAyoM ke zloka tathA jAtaka ke kucheka zloka uttarAdhyayana ke zlokoM se bahuta samAnatA rakhate haiMuttarAdhyayana mahAbhArata hastipAla jAtaka adhyayana 14 zAnti0 a0 175 saM0 506 jAIjarAmaccubhayAbhibhUyA bhivihaaraabhinividvcittaa| saMsAracakkassa vimokkhaNaTThA vaLUNa te kAmaguNe virattA // 4 // ahijja vee parivissa vippe putte paDiTappa gihaMsi jAyA ! / bhoccANa bhoe saha isthiyAhiM AraNagA hoha muNI pasatthA // 9 // 1

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343 5 khaNDa : 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa veyA ahIyA na bhavanti tANaM muttA diyA ninti tamaM tameNaM / jAyA ya puttA na havanti tANaM ko NAma te aNumannejja eyaM // 12 // 71,18,25,26,36 khaNamettasokkhA bahukAladukkhA pagAmadukkhA aNigAmasokkhA / saMsAramokkhassa vipakkhabhUyA khANI aNasthANa u kAmabhogA // 13 // imaM ca me atthi imaM ca natthi imaM ca me kicca imaM akiccaM / taM evamevaM lAlappamANaM harA haraMti ti kahaM pamAe ? // 15 // 20,21,22 dhaNaM pabhUyaM saha itthiyAhiM sayaNA tahA kAmaguNA pgaamaa| tavaM kae tappai jassa logo taM savva sAhINa miheva tumbhaM // 16 // dhaNeNa kiM dhammadhurAhigAre sayaNeNa vA kAmaguNehi ceva / samaNA bhavissAmu guNohadhArI bahivihArA abhigamma bhikkhaM // 17 // 37,38 jahA vayaM dhammamajANamANA pAvaM purA kammamakAsi mohA / orujjhamANA parirakkhiyantA taM neva mujjo vi samAyarAmo // 20 // 'anmAhayaMmi ... logaMmi samvao privaarie| amohAhiM paDantIhiM gihaMsi na raiM labhe // 21 // keNa anmAhao logo? keNa vA parivArio ? / kA vA amohA vuttA ? jAyA ! ciMtAvaro humi // 22 // 8

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana maccuNA'bhAhao logo jarAe privaario| amohA rayaNI vuttA evaM tAya ! viyANaha // 23 // jA jA vaccai rayaNI na sA . pddiniyttii| ahammaM - kuNamANassa aphalA janti rAio // 24 // jA jA vaccai rayaNI na sA paDiniyattaI / dhammaM ca kuNamANassa saphalA janti rAio // 25 // 10,11,12 jassatyi maccuNA sakkhaM jassa vatthi palAyaNaM / jo jANe na marissAmi so hu kaMkhe sue siyA // 27 // ajjeva dhamma paDivajjayAmo jahiM pavannA na punnbbhvaamo| aNAgayaM neva ya atthi kiMci saddhAkhamaM Ne viNaittu rAgaM // 28 // .. 15 purohiyaM taM sasuyaM sadAraM soccA'bhinikkhamma pahAya bhoe| kuDumbasAraM viuluttamaM taM rAyaM abhikkhaM samuvAya devI // 37 // 36 vantAsI puriso rAyaM ! na so hoi psNsio| mAhaNeNa pariccattaM dhaNaM AdAumicchasi // 38 // nAgo vva bandhaNaM chittA appaNo vasahiM ve| evaM patthaM mahArAyaM ! usuyAri ti me suyaM // 48 //

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa uttarAdhyayana ke 44, 45 veM zloka kI ora saMketa karate hue sarapenTiyara ne batAyA hai ki ina zlokoM kA pratipAdya jAtaka ke 18 veM zloka meM pratipAdita kathA se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai / vaha kathA hai___ "purohita kA sArA kuTumba pratrajita ho gyaa| rAjA ne yaha suna usakA sArA dhana maMgavA liyaa| rAnI ko yaha patA lgaa| usane rAjA ko samajhAne ke lie eka upAya socaa| usane kasAI-ghara se mAMsa maMgavAyA aura use rAjyAGgaga meM bikhera diyaa| sIdhe rAste ko chor3a, usake cAroM ora jAla tanavA diyaa| mAMsa ko dekha kara gIdha aae| bhara peTa mAMsa khaae| unameM jo buddhimAn the, unhoMne jAla phailA huA dekha kara socA ki mAMsa khA kara hama bhArI ho cuke haiN| aba hama sIdhe nahIM ur3a skeNge| unhoMne khAye huA mAMsa kA vamana kiyA aura halke ho sIdhe ur3a kara cale ge| jAla meM nahIM phaMse / kintu jo vicArahIna gIdha the, unhoMne buddhimAn gIdhoM dvArA vamita mAMsa bhI khA liyaa| ve bahuta bhArI ho ge| sIdhe ur3ane meM asamartha the| ve Ter3he ur3e aura jAla meM phaMsa gae / taba eka gIdha lA kara rAnI ko dikhAyA gyaa| vaha use le rAjA ke samIpa gaI aura bolI-mahArAja ! rAjyAGgaga meM eka tamAzA dekheN| usane jharokhA kholA aura kahA--- mahArAja ! ina gIdhoM ko dekheN| inameM jo khA kara vamana kara de rahe haiM, ve pakSI ur3a kara cale jA rahe haiM aura jI khA kara vamana nahIM kara sakate, ve mere hAtha meM A pho|"1 ___ yaha prasaMga yathArtha lagatA hai| parantu jaina-vyAkhyAkAroM ne isakA koI saMketa nahIM diyA / sambhavataH isakA hetu paramparA kI vismRti hai| sarapenTiyara uttarAdhyayana ke isa adhyayana ke 46 se 53 taka ke zlokoM ko mUla nahIM mAnate / unakA kathana hai ki "ye pA~ca zloka mUla-kathA se sambandhita nahIM haiM aura saMbhava hai ki jaina-kathAkAra ne inakA nirmANa kara yahA~ rakhA ho|" 2 parantu aisA mAnane kA koI AdhAra nahIM hai| eka saMvAda * mArkaNDeya purANa (adhyAya 10) meM bhI ukta carcA kA saMvAdI eka saMvAda AyA hai| jaiminI ne pakSigaNa se prANiyoM ke janma Adi viSayaka prazna kie| usake samAdhAna meM unhoMne pitA-putra kA eka saMvAda prastuta karate hue kahA 1-jAtaka saMkhyA 509, pA~cavA~ khaNDa, pR0 75 / 2-The Uttaradhyana Sutra, page 335. The verses from 49 to the end of the chapter certainly do not belong to original legend. But must have been composed by the Jain author.

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346 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __eka nagara meM bhArgava nAma kA brAhmaNa rahatA thaa| usake putra kA nAma sumati thaa| vaha parama dharmAtmA thaa| usane Atma-dharma ke marma ko samajha liyA thaa| eka dina pitA ne kahA-"putra ! vedoM ko par3ha kara guru kI zuzrUSA kara, gArhasthya-jIvana bItA kara, yajJa Adi kara, putroM ko janma de kara saMnyAsa grahaNa karanA, pahale nhiiN|"" ____ sumati ne kahA-"pitA ! jina kriyAoM ke lie Apa mujhe kaha rahe haiM, maiMne unakA aneka bAra abhyAsa kiyA hai| usI prakAra anyAnya zAstroM tathA nAnA prakAra ke zilpoM kA bhI maiMne bahuta bAra abhyAsa kiyA hai / mujhe jJAna prApta ho cukA hai / vedoM se mujhe kyA prayojana ?2 "pitAjI ! maiM isa saMsAra-cakra meM bahuta ghuumaa| aneka bAra aneka mAtA-pitA kie / saMyoga aura viyoga bhI maiMne dekhA hai| aneka prakAra ke sukha-du:kha maiMne anubhava kie haiN| isa prakAra janma-mRtyu karate-karate mujhe jJAna prApta huA hai / maiM apane lAkhoM pUrva-janma dekha rahA hU~, mujhe mokSa ko prApta karAne vAlA jJAna utsanna ho cukA hai| usa jJAna ko prApta kara lene ke pazcAt Rg, yaju, sAma Adi vedoM ke kriyA-kalApa mujhe ucita pratIta nahIM. hote| mujhe utkRSTa jJAna mila cukA hai, maiM nirIha hU~, vedoM se mujhe kyA prayojana ? isI utkRSTa jJAna kI ArAdhanA se mujhe brahma kI prApti ho jaaegii|"3 . 1-mArkaNDeya purANa, 10 / 11,12 : vedAnadhItya sumate !, yathAnukrama mAditaH / guruzuzrUSaNevyagno, bhaikSAnnakRta bhojanaH // . tato gArhasthya mAsthAya ceSTvA yajJAnanuttamAn / iSTamutpAdayApatyamAzrayethA vanaM tataH // 2-vahI, 10 / 16,17 : tAtaitad bahuzobhyastaM, yatvayAdyopadizyate / tathaivAnyAni zAstrANi, zilpAni vividhAni ca // utpanlajJAnabodhasya, vedaiH kiM me prayojanam // 3-vahI, 10 / 27,28,29: evaM saMsAra cakresmin, bhramatA tAta ! saMkaTe / jJAna metanmayAprAptaM, mokSasamprAptikArakam // vijJAte yatra srvo'ymRgyjuHsaamsNhitH| kriyAkalApo viguNo, na samyak pratibhAti me|| tasmAdutpannabodhasya, vedaiH kiM me prayojanam / guruvijJAnatRptasya, nirIhasya sadAtmanaH //

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNaM : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNaM 347 - pitA ne kahA- "putra ! tU aisI bAteM kyoM kara rahA hai ? mujhe lagatA hai ki kisI RSi yA devatA kA zApa tujhe lagA hai|"1 putra ne kahA-"pitAjI ! pUrva-janma meM maiM eka brAhmaNa thaa| paramAtmA ke dhyAna meM maiM sadA lIna rahatA thaa| Atma-vidyA ke vicAra mere meM pUrNa vikasita ho cuke the| maiM sAdhanA meM rata thaa| mujhe lAkha janmoM kI smRti ho aaii| jAtismaraNa-jJAna kI prApti dharma-trayI meM rahe hue manuSya ko nahIM hotii| mujhe yaha jJAna pahale se hI prApta hai| aba maiM Atma-makti ke lie prayatna kruuNgaa|"2 pitA-putra kA saMvAda Age calatA hai| putra pitA ke samakSa mRtyu-dazA kA varNana upasthita karatA hai| yaha saMvAda uttarAdhyayana ke caudahaveM adhyayana se milatA-julatA hai / isameM Atma-jJAna kI pratiSThA aura veda-jJAna kI nirarthakatA ko bahuta hI sundara DhaMga se samajhAyA hai| vinTaraniTaja ne mAnA hai ki yaha bahuta sambhava hai ki yaha saMvAda bauddha athavA jaina paramparA kA ho aura bahuta kAla bAda ise mahAkAvya aura paurANika-sAhitya meM sammilita kara liyA gayA ho / kintu mujhe lagatA hai ki yaha bahuta prAcIna kAla se pracalita zramaNasAhitya kA aMza rahA hogA aura usI se jaina, bauddha, mahAkAvyakAroM tathA purANakAroM ne ise grahaNa kara liyA hogaa| nami-pravrajyA uttarAdhyayana ke nauveM adhyayana 'nami-pravrajyA' kI AMzika tulanA 'mahAjanaka jAtaka' (saM0 536) se hotI hai| jaina-kathAvastu - mAlava deza ke sudarzanapura nagara meM maNiratha rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakA kaniSTha bhrAtA yugabAhu thaa| madanarekhA yugabAhu kI patnI thii| maNiratha ne kapaTapUrvaka yugabAhu ko mAra ddaalaa| madanarekhA usa samaya garbhavatI thii| usane jaMgala meM eka putra ko janma diyA / usa zizu ko mithilA-nareza padmaratha le gyaa| usakA nAma 'nami' rkhaa| padmaratha ke zramaNa bana jAne para 'nami' mithilA kA rAjA banA / eka bAra vaha dAhajvara se AkrAnta huaa| chaha mAsa taka ghora vedanA rahI / upacAra claa| dAha-jvara ko zAnta karane ke lie rAniyA~ svayaM candana ghistiiN| eka bAra sabhI rAniyA~ candana ghisa rahI thiiN| unake hAthoM meM pahine hue kaMkaNa baja rahe the| unakI AvAja se 'nami' khinna 1-mArkaNDeya purANa, 10 // 34,35 / 2-vahI, 10 // 37,44 / .. 3-The Jainas in the History of Indian Literature, p. 7...

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayane . . . ho utthaa| usane kaMkaNa utAra lene ko khaa| sabhI rAniyoM ne saubhAgya-cinha svarUpa eka-eka kaMkaNa ko chor3a kara zeSa sabhI utAra die / ___ kucha dera bAda rAjA ne apane maMtrI se pUchA-"kaMkaNa kA zabda sunAI kyoM nahIM de . rahA hai ?" maMtrI ne kahA-"svAmin ! kaMkaNoM ke gharSaNa kA zabda Apako apriya lagA thA, isalie sabhI rAniyoM ne eka-eka kaMkaNa rakha kara zeSa sabhI utAra die| eka kaMkaNa se gharSaNa nahIM hotA aura gharSaNa ke binA zabda kahA~ se uThe ?" rAjA nami prabuddha ho gyaa| usane socA sukha akelepana meM hai-jahA~ dvandva hai-do haiM-vahA~ duHkha hai / virakta-bhAva se vaha Age bddh'aa| usane pravajita hone kA dRr3ha saMkalpa . kiyaa| jaba rAjarSi nami abhiniSkramaNa kara rahA thA, pravrajita ho rahA thA, usa samaya mithilA meM saba jagaha kolAhala hone lgaa| uttama pravrajyA-sthAna ke lie udyata hue rAjarSi se devendra ne brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM A kara isa prakAra kahA "he rAjarSi ! Aja mithilA ke prAsAdoM aura gRhoM meM kolAhala se paripUrNa dAruNa zabda kyoM sunAI de rahe haiM ?" ___ yaha artha suna kara hetu aura kAraNa se prerita hue nami rAjarSi ne devendra se isa prakAra kahA "mithilA meM eka caitya-vRkSa thA, zItala chAyA vAlA, manorama, patra-puSpa aura phaloM se ladA huA aura bahuta pakSiyoM ke lie sadA upkaarii| ___ "eka dina havA calI aura usa caitya-vRkSa ko ukhAr3a kara pheMka diyaa| he brAhmaNa ! usake Azrita rahane vAle ye pakSI duHkhI, azaraNa aura pIr3ita ho kara Akranda kara rahe haiN|" ____ isa artha ko suna kara hetu aura kAraNa se prerita huai devendra ne nami rAjarSi se isa prakAra kahA "yaha agni hai aura yaha vAyu hai / yaha ApakA mandira jala rahA hai / bhagavan ! Apa apane ranivAsa kI ora kyoM nahIM dekhate ?" yaha artha suna kara hetu aura kAraNa se prerita hue nami rAjarSi ne devendra se isa prakAra kahA "ve hama loga, jinake pAsa apanA kucha bhI nahIM hai, sukhapUrvaka rahate aura sukha se jIte hai| mithilA jala rahI hai, usameM merA kucha bhI nahIM jala rahA hai| ___ "putra aura striyoM se mukta tathA vyavasAya se nivRtta bhikSu ke lie koI vastu priya bhI nahIM hotI aura apriya bhI nahIM hotii| ___saba bandhanoM se mukta 'maiM akelA hU~, merA koI nahIM hai', isa prakAra ekatvadarzI, gRhatyAgI evaM tapasvI bhikSu ko vipula sukha hotA hai|"

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 . kathAnaka saMkramaNa 346 ____ isa prakAra nami aura indra ke bIca lambA saMbhASaNa huaa| jaba indra ne dekhA ki rAjA nami apane saMkalpa para aDiga hai, taba usane apanA mUla rUpa prakaTa kiyA aura nami kI stuti kara calA gyaa| nami zrAmaNya meM upasthita ho ge| bauddha-kathAvastu videha rASTra ke mithilA nagara meM mahAjanaka nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake ariTThajanaka aura polajanaka nAma ke do putra the| pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt ariTThajanaka rAjA bnaa| kAlAntara meM donoM bhAiyoM meM vaimanasya bddh'aa| polajanaka pratyanta-grAma meM calA gyaa| vahA~ saMgaThita ho apane dala-bala ke sAtha vaha mithilA pahuMcA aura bhAI ko yuddha ke lie llkaaraa| yuddha huaa| ariTujanaka mArA gyaa| pati kI mRtyu kI bAta suna usakI patnI ghara se nikala gii| vaha garbhavatI thii| usane eka putra ko janma diyaa| pitAmaha ke nAma para usakA nAma mahAjanaka kumAra hI rkhaa| vaha bar3A huaa| usane tInoM veda aura saba zilpa sIkha lie| mA~ kI AjJA le vaha pitA kA rAjya lene mithilA phuNcaa| rAjA polajanaka mara cukA thaa| usake koI putra nahIM thaa| kumAra mahAjanaka rAjA banAyA gyaa| kumArI sIvalI se usakA vivAha haa| usane eka putra ko janma diyaa| usakA nAma dIrghAyu kumAra rkhaa| eka dina rAjA mahAjanaka udyAna dekhane gyaa| vahA~ Ama ke do vRkSa the| eka para phala the, dUsare para nahIM / rAjA ne eka phala khaayaa| sAtha vAle sabhI ne eka-eka phala todd'aa| sArA vRkSa phalahIna ho gyaa| usakI zobhA naSTa ho gii| rAjA ne lauTate samaya dekhA-donoM vRkSa phala se rahita haiN| usane mAlI se pUchA / sArI bAta jAna kara usane socA-yaha dUsarA vRkSa phala-rahita hone ke kAraNa harA-bharA khar3A hai| yaha phaladAra hone se nocA gayA, khasoTA gyaa| yaha rAjya bhI phaladAra-vRkSa ke samAna hai / pravrajyA phala-rahita vRkSa ke samAna hai / jisake pAsa kucha bhI hai, use bhaya hai, jisake pAsa kucha bhI nahIM, use bhaya bhI nhiiN| maiM phaladAra-vRkSa jaisA na raha, phala-rahita vRkSa jaisA houuNgaa| vaha pratibuddha huaa| prAsAda meM rahate hue bhI zramaNa-dharma kA pAlana karate-karate usake cAra mahIne gujara ge| pravrajyA kI ora usakA citta atyadhika jhuka gyaa| ghara naraka ke samAna lagane lgaa| usane socA-'yaha kaba hogA ki maiM isa samRddha, vizAla aura sampatti se paripUrNa mithilA ko chor3a kara prajita hoUMgA ?' rAjA pravajita ho gyaa| rAniyoM ne rokane kA prayAsa kiyaa| sIvalI devI ne eka upAya DhU~r3ha nikaalaa| usane mahAsenA rakSA ko bulA kara AjJA dI-"tAta ! rAjA ke jAne ke rAstoM para Age-Age purAne gharoM tathA purAnI zAlAoM meM Aga lagA do| ghAsa-patte ikaTe karA kara jahA~-tahA~ dhuA~ karA do|" usane vaisA karA diyaa| sIvalI ne rAjA se jA kara kahA

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana "gharoM meM Aga laga gaI hai| jvAlA nikala rahI hai| khajAne jala rahe haiN| sonA, cA~dI, maNi, muktA--sabhI jala rahe haiN| he rAjan ! Apa A kara rokeN|" rAjA mahAjanaka ne kahA susukhaM bata jIvAma yesaM no natthi kiJcanaM / mithilAya DayUhamAnAya na me kiMci aDayahatha // 125 // ___ "hamAre pAsa kucha nahIM hai| hama sukhapUrvaka jIte haiN| mithilA nagarI ke jalane para merA kucha nahIM jltaa| susukha bata jIvAma yesaM no natthi kiMcanaM / raTe viluppamAnamhi na me kiMci ajIratha // 127 // susukha vata jIvAma yesaM no natyi kiMcanaM / pItibhakkhA bhavissAma devA AbhAssarA yathA // 12 // "hamAre pAsa kucha nhiiN| hama sukhapUrvaka jIte haiN| rASTra ke ujar3ane se merI kucha hAni nhiiN|" "hamAre pAsa kucha nhiiN| hama sukhapUrvaka jIte haiM / jaise abhAsvara devatA, vaise hI hama prIti-bhakSaka ho kara rheNge|" rAjA sabako chor3a Age calA gyaa| devI sAtha thii| donoM bAtacIta karate eka nagara-dvAra para phuNce| vahA~ eka lar3akI bAlU ko thAthapA rahI thii| usake eka hAtha meM eka kaMgana thaa| dUsare meM do| eka baja rahI thii| dUsarI niHzabda thii| rAjA ne pUchA"he kumArike ! kyA kAraNa hai ki terI eka bhujA bajatI hai, eka nahIM bajatI ?' usane kahA-"mere isa hAtha meM do kaMgana haiN| ragar3a se zabda paidA hotA hai| do hone se yahI hotA hai / he zramaga! mere isa hAtha meM eka hI kaMgana hai| vaha akelA hone se AvAja nahIM krtaa| do hone se vivAda hotA hai, eka kisase vivAda karegA ? svarga kI kAmanA karane vAle tujha ko akele rahanA rucikara lgegaa|" 2 ___ve cale gae / eka usukAra ( vaMsa-phor3a ) ke yahA~ ruke| vaha eka A~kha se bA~sa ko dekha rahA thaa| mahAjanaka ne pUchA- "he vaMsa-phor3a ! kyA tujhe isa taraha acchA dikhAI detA hai, jo tU eka A~kha ko banda kara ke eka se bA~sa ke Ter3hepana ko dekhatA hai ?"3 usane kahA- "he zramaNa ! donoM A~khoM se vistRta-sA dikhAI detA hai| Ter3hI jagaha 1-jAtaka, 539, zlo0 158 / 2-vahI, 539, zlo0 156-161 / 3-vahI, 539, zlo0 165 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 351 kA patA na lagane se bA~sa sIdhA nahIM hotA, eka A~kha ko banda kara ke dekhane se Ter3hApana dIkha jAtA hai, bA~sa sIdhA ho jAtA hai|" rAnI sIvalI ne jAnA ki rAjA kA mana saMsAra se Uba cukA hai| phira bhI rAgavaza vaha unake pIche-pIche calI jA rahI thii| mahAjanaka ne calate-calate rAste para hI gUMja ke tinake se sIMka khIMca kara kahA-"devI! dekha, aba yaha phira usase nahIM milAyA jA sktaa| isI taraha se aba phira merA-terA sAtha vAsa nahIM ho sktaa|" mahAjanaka akele Age cale ge| rAnI lauTa kara mithilA aaii| apane putra dIrghAyu ko rAjya-bhAra saMbhalA kara svayaM pravrajyA grahaNa kara brahmalokagAminI huii| yaha kathA atyanta saMkSepa meM dI gaI hai| sampUrNa kathA ke lie dekhie-mahA janaka jAtaka saMkhyA 539, pRSTha 34-77 taka / __ jaina-kathAvastu aura isa jAtaka (saM0 536) ko kathAvastu meM pUrNa samAnatA nahIM hai, kintu donoM kA pratipAdya eka-sA hI hai| donoM kathAnaka inhIM vicAroM ko puSTa karate haiM (1) anyAnya AzramoM se saMnyAsa Azrama zreSTha hai / (utta0 6|44;jaa0 25 115) (2) saMtoSa tyAga meM hai, bhoga meM nhiiN| (utta0 6 / 48, 46 ; jA0 122) (3) ekAkIpana meM sukha hai, dvandva (do) duHkha kA mUla hai / ( utta0 6 / 16 ; ___ jA0 161, 168) (4) akiMcanatA sukha kA sAdhana hai / (utta0 6 / 14 ; jA0 125) (5) kAma-bhoga sAdhanA ke vighna haiM / (utta0 6 / 23 ; jA0 132) . . inake atirikta jaina-kathAvastu ke ye aura niSkarSa haiM (1) prAtma-vijaya hI parama-vijaya hai / (utta0 6 / 34,35) (2) AtmA hI durjeya hai / (utta0 6 / 36) (3) dAna se saMyama zreSTha hai / (utta0 6 / 40) (4) tRSNA ananta hai / isakI pUrti nahIM ho sakatI / (utta0 6 / 48,46) (5) kaSAya-tyAga mokSa kA hetu hai / (utta0 6 / 55) donoM kathAvastuoM ke kaI prasaMga eka-se haiM (1) sampatti se samRddha mithilA ko chor3a kara pravajita honaa| (2) mithilA ko jalatI huI dikhalA kara pravrajyA se mana haTAne kA prayatna krnaa| (3) mithilA ke jalane para merA kucha bhI nahIM jalatA, aise mamatva-rahita-bhAva prakaTa krnaa| 1-jAtaka, 539, zloka 166-167 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (4) jaina-kathAvastu ke anusAra indra parIkSA karane AtA hai aura jAtaka meM devI sIvalI parIkSA karane AtI hai| (5) jana-kathAvastu ke anusAra mithilA nareza nami kaMkaNa ke zabdoM ko suna pratibuddha hue aura bauddha-kathAvastu ke anusAra mithilA nareza Amra-vRkSa ko dekha pratibuddha hue| (6) akele meM sukha hai-donoM kA socanA / sonaka jAtaka (saM0 526) - isa jAtaka meM bhI kucha aisA hI prasaMga AyA hai| purohita kA putra sonaka magadha nareza ke putra arindama kumAra kA mitra thaa| ve rAjagRha meM rahate the| usa samaya vahA~ magadha kA sAmrAjya thaa| sonaka kA mana saMnyAsa kI ora jhukaa| vaha vahA~ se cala pdd'aa| donoM mitra alaga-alaga ho ge| cAlIsa varSa bIte / kumAra arindama vArANasI kA rAjA bana gayA thaa| use apane mitra sonaka kI smRti ho aaii| usane eka gAthA kahI kassa sutvA sataM dammi sahassaM daThu sonakaM / ko me sonakaM akkhAti sahAyaM paMsukIlitaM // ___ "kisI ko suna kara kahane vAle ko sau dUMgA, svayaM dekha kara kahane vAle ko hajAra duuNgaa| kauna hai jo mujhe mere bacapana ke mitra sonaka kA samAcAra degA ?" ___ logoM ke muMha-muMha para yaha gIta nAcane lgaa| eka dina eka kumAra rAjA ke pAsa AyA aura bolA mahaM sutvA sataM dehi, sahassaM daTTa sonakaM / ahaM sonakaM AkkhissaM, sahAyaM paMsukIlitaM // "mujhe sunAne vAle ko Apa sau deM, mujhe dekhane vAle ko hajAra deM, maiM tumhAre bacapana ke mitra sonaka ko batA duuNgaa|" bAlaka ne kahA- "sonaka udyAna meM hai|" rAjA vahA~ gyaa| pratyeka-buddha sonaka ne ATha zramaNa-bhadra gAthAe~ khiiN| unameM pA~cavIM gAthA thI paMcama bhadraM adhanassa anAgArassa bhikkhuno| nagaramhi DarahamAnAmhi nAssa kiMci aDayahatha // "akiMcana anAgArika bhikSu ke lie pA~cavIM Ananda kI bAta vaha hai ki yadi nagara meM Aga bhI laga jAe to usakA kucha nahIM jltaa|"

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 353 Age cala kara rAjA apane putra ko rAjya de pravajita ho jAtA hai|' isa jAtaka se uttarAdhyayana adhyayana ha aura 13 kA AMzika sAmya hai (1) 'nagarI jalane para merA kucha nahIM jalatA'-pratyeka-buddha sonaka kA yaha kathana uttarAdhyayana ke nami (nauMvA~ adhyayana) ke-'mithilA ke jalane para merA kucha bhI nahIM jalatA'-isa kathana se milatA hai| (2) jAtaka meM arindamakumAra apane mitra sonaka ko DhU~Dhane ke lie eka zloka pracArita karate haiM, dUsare zloka ko suna mitra-muni se milate haiM aura unake upadeza se prabhAvita ho prabajita ho jAte haiN| uttarAdhyayana ke 12veM adhyayana meM citra aura sambhUta eka janma meM bhAI the| mara kara deva bane / vahA~ se cyavana kara bhinna-bhinna pradezoM meM utpanna hue / eka brahmadatta kumAra aura dUsarA eka ibhya kA putra / brahmadatta kumAra ne bhAI kI khoja karane ke lie zloka kA AdhA bhAga pracArita kiyA aura use pUrA karane vAle ko pAritoSika dene kI ghoSaNI ko| eka rahaTa vAle ne usakI pUrti kii| rAjA use sAtha le rahaTa para aayaa| muni ko dekha gadgad ho gyaa| muni ne upadeza kiyaa| para vyartha / muni mukta ho jAte haiM aura rAjA naraka meM jA giratA hai| mANDavya muni aura janaka mahAbhArata ( zAnti parva, adhyAya 276 ) meM mANDavya muni aura janaka kA saMvAda AyA hai / eka bAra yudhiSThira ne pitAmaha bhISma se pUchA-tRSNA-kSaya kA upAya kaunasA hai ? bhISma ne prAcIna udAharaNa prastuta karate hue kahA-rAjan ! eka bAra mANDavya muni ne videharAja janaka se bhI yahI prazna kiyA thaa| usakA uttara dete hue rAjA janaka ne kahA sumukha bata jIvAmi yasya me nAsti kiJcana / mithilAyAM pradIptAyAM na me vahyati kiJcana // 4 // "maiM bar3e sukha se jIvana vyatIta kara rahA hU~, kyoMki isa jagat meM koI bhI vastu merI nahIM hai| kisI para bhI merA mamatva nahIM hai| mithilA ke pradIpta hone para bhI merA kucha nahIM jltaa|' "jo vivekI haiM, unheM samRddhi-sampanna viSaya bhI duHkha rUpa hI jAna par3ate haiN| parantu ajJAniyoM ko tuccha viSaya bhI sadA moha meM DAle rahate haiN| loka meM jo kAma janita sukha hai tathA jo svarga kA divya evaM mahAn sukha hai, ve donoM tRSNA-kSaya se hone vAle sukha kI solahavIM kalA kI bhI tulanA nahIM kara skte|" 1-sonaka jAtaka, saMkhyA 529 (jAtaka bhAga 5, pR0 331-346 ) /

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354 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana __ Age unhoMne kahA-'dhana ke bar3hane ke sAtha-sAtha tRSNA bhI bar3hatI calI jAtI hai| mamakAra hI duHkha kA hetu hai / bhoga kI Asakti duHkha bar3hAtI hai| jo sabako Atma-tulA se tolatA hai, vaha samasta dvandvoM se chUTa kara zAnta aura nirvikAra ho jAtA hai| tRSNA ko chor3anA atyanta duSkara hai / jo tRSNA ko chor3a detA hai, vaha parama-sukha ko pA letA hai|" ___ yaha saMvAda bhI uttarAdhyayana ke nauveM adhyayana kI AMzika samAnatA ko lie janaka aura bhISma isI prakAra mahAbhArata (zAntiparva, a0 178 ) meM eka aura prasaMga AyA hai| eka bAra bhISma ne kahA-dhana kI tRSNA se duHkha aura usakI kAmanA ke tyAga se parama-sukha kI prApti hotI hai| yahI bAta mahArAja janaka ne bhI kahI hai| eka bAra janaka ne kahA thA anantamiva me vittaM yasya me nAsti kiJcana / mithilAyAM pradIptAyAM na me dahyati kiJcana // 2 // "mere pAsa ananta-sA dhana-vaibhava hai, phira bhI merA kucha bhI nahIM hai| mithilA ke jalane para bhI merA kucha nahIM jltaa|" bhISma ne Age kahA-eka bAra nahuSanandana rAjA yayAti ne bodhya RSi se pUchA-mahAprAjJa ! zAnti kaise mila sakatI hai ? kauna-sI aisI buddhi hai, jisakA Azraya le kara Apa zAnti aura saMtoSa ke sAtha vicarate haiM ? bodhya muni ne kahA-mere chaha guru haiM (1) piGgalA vezyA se maiMne AzA ke tyAga kA marma sIkhA hai| (2) krauJca pakSI se maiMne bhogoM ke parityAga se sukha milatA hai, yaha sIkhA hai / (3) sarpa se maiMne aniketa rahane kI zikSA pAI hai| (4) papIhe se maiMne adrohavRtti kI zikSA pAI hai| (5) bANa banAne vAle se ekAgra citta rahane kA marma pAyA hai| (6) hAtha meM pahane hue eka kaMgana se ekAkIpana kI zikSA lI hai| uttarAdhyayana ke isa adhyayana ke niSkarSoM kI uparyukta tathyoM se bahuta samAnatA hai / eka vizleSaNa mahAbhArata ke aneka prasaMgoM meM jahA~ janaka kA saMvAda yA kathana hai vahA~ bhISma ne-- 'maiM prAcIna itihAsa ke udAharaNa meM isa tathya ko spaSTa karatA hU~'--yaha kaha kara janaka ke vicAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai|' 1-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, a0 178,218,276 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 1 kathAnaka saMkramaNa 355 jahA~ kahIM janaka yA unake vaMza ke rAjAoM kA prasaMga hai, vahA~ AtmA aura zarIra ke bheda-jJAna kI carcA', mokSatattva kA vivecana, tRSNA-tyAga', mamatva-tyAga' AdiAdi kI carcA hai| viSNu purANa meM ullekha hai ki mithilA ke sabhI nareza Atma-vAdI hote haiN| . ina tathyoM se do phalita sAmane Ate haiM(1) janaka zramaNa-paramparA ko mAnane vAle prAcIna puruSa the| (2) janaka ke saMvAda jo mahAbhArata meM ullikhita hue haiM, ve brAhmaNetara-paramparA ke haiM aura vaha paramparA zramaNa-paramparA honI caahie| jAtakoM kI tulanA se hamane dekhA ki unameM ullikhita kathAe~ jaina-kathAvastu se nikaTa haiM / hama pahale yaha bhI kaha cuke haiM ki jAtakoM kA gadya-bhAga arvAcIna hai / bahuta prAcIna kAla se aneka udAharaNa aura kathAnaka pracalita the| apanI-apanI ruci ke anusAra dharmagranthoM ne use apanAyA aura kucha eka saMzodhana se use apane siddhAntoM ke anusAra DhAla kara svIkAra kara liyaa| rAisa DeviDsa ne jAtakoM ke viSaya meM UhApoha karate hue likhA hai ki bauddha-sAhitya ke nau vibhAgoM meM jAtaka eka vibhAga hai| parantu yaha vibhAga Aja ke jAtaka se sarvathA bhinna thaa| prAcIna jAtaka ke adhyayana se hama do mahattvapUrNa niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM-eka to yaha hai ki prAcIna jAtaka kA bahulAMza bhAga kiso eka DhA~ce meM DhalA huA nahIM thA aura usameM koI padya nahIM the| ve kevala kAlpanika kathAe~ ( Fables ), udAharaNa ( Parables) aura AkhyAyikAe~ ( Legends ) mAtra the| dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki upalabdha jAtaka kevala prAcIna jAtaka ke aMza mAtra haiM / 5 rAisa DeviDsa ne dasa aise jAtakoM ko DhUMDha nikAlA hai, jinake sUkSma adhyayana se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki ve buddha se pUrva bhI jana-kathAoM ke rUpa meM pracalita the| ina jAtakoM ke viSaya meM unakA abhimata yaha hai-"ye sAre jAtaka bauddha-sAhitya se bhI jyAdA 1-mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 218 / 2-vahI, zAntiparva, adhyAya 219 / 3-vaho, zAntiparva, adhyAya 276 / 4-vahI, zAntiparva, adhyAya 178 / / 5-Buddhist India, page 196, 197. 6-vahI, pR0 195 / ve dasa jAtaka ye haiM--apannaka (saM0 1), makhAdeva (saM0 9), sukhavihArI (saM0 10), tittira (saM0 37), 'lita (saM0 91), mahA-sudassana ( saM0 95), khaNDa-vaTTa (saM0 203 ), maNi-kanTha ( saM 253 ), baka brahma (saM0 405) /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prAcIna haiN| inameM se kisI ko bhI hama kevala bauddha-mata kA hI nahIM mAna skte| bauddha vidvAnoM ne apane-apane AcAra-vicAra ke anusAra kucha parivartana kara use apanAyA hai| inameM bahuta sAre to bhAratIya loka-kathAoM ke saMgraha haiM / inase jo AcAra viSayaka bAte prApta hotI haiM, ve bhI ekAntataH bhAratIya haiN|" isa tathyokti se bhI yaha siddha hotA hai ki IsA pUrva chaThI zatAbdI se bahuta pUrva kaI kathAe~ pracalita thoM, jinheM tInoM dhArAoM ne apanAyA hai| jAtakoM kA padya-bhAga ( jo pracalita padyoM kA saMgraha mAtra hai ) bahuta vizvasanIya hai, kyoMki vaha usa bhASA meM hai jo kaI zatAbdiyoM purAnI hai| ___ anta meM unakI mAnyatA hai ki "jAtaka meM varNita kathAe~ padya-bhAga ke binA hI pracalita thiiN| jaba ve bauddha-paramparA meM sammilita kI gaI (IsA pUrva tIsarI zatAbdI meM) taba unameM pracalita paMdya jor3a die ge| isalie sambhava hai ki ye kathAe~ bauddha-kAla se pUrva kI hI nahIM, kintu bahuta prAcIna haiM / " 3 jAtakoM kA praNayana aura saMkalana madhyadeza meM prAcIna jana-kathAoM ke AdhAra para huA hai / vinTaraniTaja ne bhI isI mata ko mAnA hai|5|| . bharatasiMha upAdhyAya kA mAnyatA hai ki jAtaka to mUla rUpa meM kevala gAthAe~ haiM, zeSa bhAga to usakI vyAkhyA hai|6 samIkSA pUrva likhita kathAnakoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana karane para mastiSka para pahalA prabhAva yaha hotA hai ki eka paramparA ne dUsarI paramparA kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| kintu kisane kisakA anukaraNa kiyA, isakA itivRtta hameM jJAta nahIM hai| kAlakrama kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para phalita hotA hai ki jaina aura mahAbhArata ke lekhakoM ne bauddhoM kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| kyoMki bauddha-saMgItiyoM kA samaya jaina-vAcanAoM tathA mahAbhArata kI 1-Buddhist India, p. 197. 2-vahI, pR0 204 / 3-bahI, pR0 206 / 4-vahI, pR0 172,207,208 / 5-inDiyana liTarecara, jilda dUsarI, pR0 113,114,12-1123 / 6-pAlI sAhitya kA itihAsa, pR0 306 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : ? kathAnaka saMkramaNa 357 racanA se pUrvavartI hai / para yaha sambhava nahIM hai| isa asambhavatA ke do hetu haiM (1) vAcanA-kAla meM sAre sAhitya kA nirmANa nahIM huA thA, kintu usakA saMkalana kiyA gayA thA, thor3A-bahuta nirmita bhI huA thaa| prastuta kathAnaka pahale nahIM likhe gae the, yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| (2) pratiyoM kI durlbhtaa| usa samaya kA vAtAvaraNa pArasparika tanAva kA thaa| vaisI sthiti meM apane sAhitya kI pratiyA~ dUsaroM ko dete, isakI kalpanA karanA kaThina hai| bahuta sambhava yahI hai ki pUrvavartI zramaNa-sAhitya meM pracalita kathAnakoM ko jAtaka, uttarAdhyayana aura mahAbhArata meM apane DhaMga se uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| inakI zabdAvalI meM prApta parivartana se yaha tathya spaSTa parilakSita hotA hai|

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prakaraNa : dUsarA pratyeka-buddha muni ke tIna prakAra hote hai (1) svayaM-buddha- jo svayaM bodhi prApta karate haiM / (2) pratyeka-buddha- jo kisI eka nimitta se bodhi prApta karate haiN| (3) buddha-bodhita- jo guru ke upadeza se bodhi prApta karate haiN| pratyeka-buddha ekAkI vihAra karate haiM / ve gacchavAsa meM nahIM rahate / ' uttarAdhyayana cAra pratyeka-buddhoM kA ullekha milatA hai (1) karakaNDu- kaliMga kA rAjA, (2) dvimukha- paMcAla kA rAjA, (3) nami- videha kA rAjA aura (4) naggati- gaMdhAra kA rAjA inakA vistRta varNana TIkA meM prApta hai / ye cAroM pratyeka-buddha eka sAtha, eka ho samaya meM devaloka se cyuta hue, eka sAtha pravajita hue, eka hI samaya meM buddha hue, eka hI samaya meM kevalI bane aura eka sAtha siddha hue| RSibhASita prakIrNaka meM 45 pratyeka-buddhoM kA jIvana-varNana hai / aisA ullekha milatA hai ki 20 pratyeka-buddha bhagavAn nami ke tIrtha meM, 15 bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke tIrtha meM aura 10 bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha meM hue haiM / 5 kintu pratyeka-buddhoM kI isa nAmAvalI meM ina cAra pratyeka-buddha muniyoM kA nAma nahIM hai, yaha kucha Azcarya-sA lagatA hai| karakaNDu bUr3he baila ko dekha kara pratibuddha huaa| 1-pravacanasAroddhAra, gAthA 525-528 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 18145 / / 3-sukhabodhA, patra 133-145 / 4-uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 270 / 5-zrImadbhiH pratyekabuddharbhASitAni zrIRSibhASita sUtrANi, pR0 42 (prakAzita, san 1925, ratnaputra RSabhadeva kezarImala ) / pUre vivaraNa ke lie dekhie-uttarajjhayaNANi (uttarAdhyayana sAnuvAda saMskaraNa) ke nauveM adhyayana kA Amukha, pR0 105-108 /

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kha 32, prakaraNa : 2 pratyeka-buddha 356 dvimukha indradhvaja ko dekha kara pratibuddha huaa| nami eka cUr3I kI nIravatA ko dekha kara pratibuddha huaa| naggati maJjarI vihIna Amra-vRkSa ko dekha kara pratibuddha huA / ' bauddha granthoM meM bhI ina cAra pratyeka-buddhoM kA ullekha milatA hai / 2 kintu inake jIvana-caritra tathA bodhi-prApti ke nimittoM ke ullekha meM bhinnatA hai| bauddha-granthoM meM do prakAra ke buddha batalAe gae haiM (1) pratyeka-buddha aura (2) sammAsambuddha / jo svayaM hI bodhi prApta karate haiM, kintu jagat ko upadeza nahIM dete, ve pratyeka-buddha kahe jAte haiN| inheM ucca aura pavitra Atma-dRSTi paidA hotI hai aura ye jIvana bhara apanI upalabdhi kA kathana nahIM karate / isIlie inheM 'mauna-buddha' bhI kahA jAtA hai / ye do hajAra asaMkhyeya kalpa taka 'pArAmI' kI sAdhanA karate haiN| ye brAhmaNa, kSatriya yA gAthApati ke kula meM utpanna hote haiN| inheM samasta Rddhi, sampatti aura pratisampadA upalabdha hotI hai| ye kabhI buddha se sAkSAt nahIM milte| ye eka sAtha aneka ho sakate haiN| bauddha TIkAoM meM cAra prakAra ke buddha batalAe haiM (1) sabbasnubuddha ( sarvajJa-buddha ), (2) paccekabuddha (pratyeka-buddha ), (3) catusaccabuddha ( catu:satya-buddha ) aura (4) sutabuddha (zruta-buddha ) / ina cAra prakAra ke buddhoM kA varNana vibhinna bauddha-ganthoM meM AyA hai / aba hama saMkSepa meM jaina aura bauddha granthoM ke anusAra una cAroM pratyeka-buddha muniyoM kA jIvana-vRtta prastuta kara una para mImAMsA kareMge / 1-karakaNDu jaina-grantha ke anusAra campA nagarI meM dadhivAhana nAmakA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma 1-sukhabodhA, patra 133 : vasahe ya iMdakeU, valae aMbe ya pupphie bohii| karakaMDDa dummuhassA, namissa gaMdhAraranno ya // 2-kummakAra jAtaka (saM0 408 ) / 3-DikzanarI oNpha pAlI praoNpara nemsa, bhAga 2, pR0 294 / 4-vahI, pR0 264 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana padmAvatI thA / vaha gaNatantra ke adhinetA mahArAja ceTaka kI putrI thii| eka bAra rAnI garbhavatI huii| use dohada utpanna huaa| parantu vaha use vyakta karane meM lajjA kA anubhava karatI rhii| zarIra sUkha gyaa| rAjA ne bAta puuchii| Agraha kiyA / taba rAnI ne apane mana kI bAta kaha dii| rAnI rAjA kA veSa dhAraNa kara hAthI para baitthii| rAjA svayaM usake mastaka para chatra lagA kara khar3A thaa| rAnI kA dohada pUrA huaa| varSA Ane lgii| hAthI vana kI ora bhaagaa| rAjA-rAnI ghbddaae| rAjA ne rAnI se vaTavRkSa kI zAkhA pakar3ane ke lie khaa| hAthI usa vaTa-vRkSa ke nIce se niklaa| rAjA ne eka DAla pakar3a lii| rAnI DAla nahIM pakar3a skii| hAthI rAnI ko le Age bhAga gyaa| rAjA akelA raha gyaa| rAnI ke viyoga se vaha atyanta duHkhI ho gyaa| __ hAthI thakakara nirjana vana meM jA ThaharA / use eka tAlAba dikhaa| vaha pyAsa bujhAne ke lie pAnI meM ghusaa| rAnI avasara dekha nIce utarI aura tAlAba se bAhara A gii| vaha digmUDha ho idhara-udhara dekhane lgii| bhayAkrAnta ho vaha eka dizA kI ora cala pdd'ii| usane eka tApasa dekhA / usake nikaTa jA praNAma kiyaa| tApasa ne usakA paricaya puuchaa| rAnI ne saba batA diyaa| tApasa ne kahA-"maiM bhI mahArAja ceTaka kA sagotrI huuN| aba bhayabhIta hone kI koI bAta nhiiN|" usane rAnI ko Azvata kara, phala bheMTa kie| rAnI ne phala khAe / donoM vahA~ se cle| kucha dUra jAkara tApasa ne gA~va dikhAte hue kahA-"maiM isa hala-kRSTa bhUmi para cala nahIM sktaa| vaha daMtapura nagara dIkha rahA hai| vahA~ daMtavakra rAjA hai| tuma nirbhaya ho vahA~ calI jAo aura acchA sAtha dekhakara campApurI calA jaanaa|" rAnI padmAvatI daMtapura phuNcii| vahA~ usane eka. upAzraya meM sAdhviyoM ko dekhaa| unake pAsa jA vandanA kii| sadhviyoM ne paricaya puuchaa| usane sArA hAla kaha sunAyA, para garbha kI bAta gupta rakha lii| sAdhviyoM kI bAta suna rAnI ko vairAgya huaa| usane dIkSA le lii| garbha vRddhiMgata huaa| mahattarikA ne yaha dekha rAnI se puuchaa| sAdhvI rAnI ne saca-saca bAta batA dii| mahattarikA ne yaha bAta gupta rkhii| kAla bItA / garbha ke dina pUre hue| rAnI ne zayyAtara ke ghara jA prasava kiyaa| usa navajAta zizu ko ratnakambala meM lapeTA aura apanI nAmAMkita mudrA use pahanA zmazAna meM chor3a diyaa| zmazAnapAla ne use uThAyA aura apanI strI ko de diyaa| usane usakA nAma 'avakIrNaka' rkhaa| sAdhvI-rAnI ne zmazAnapAla kI patnI se mitratA kii| rAnI jaba upAzraya meM pahuMcI taba sAdhviyoM ne garbha ke viSaya meM pUchA / usane kahA-mRta putra huA thaa| maiMne use pheMka diyaa|

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361 khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 2 pratyeka-buddha bAlaka zmazAnapAla ke yahA~ bar3A huaa| vaha apane samavayaska bAlakoM ke sAtha khela khelate samaya kahatA- "maiM tumhArA rAjA huuN| mujhe kara do|" eka bAra usake zarIra meM sUkhI khujalI ho gii| vaha apane sAthiyoM se kahatA"mujhe khujalA do|" aisA karane se usakA nAma 'karakaNDu' huaa| ___ karakaNDu usa sAdhvI ke prati anurAga rakhatA thaa| vaha sAdhvI mohavaza use bhikSA meM prApta laDDU Adi diyA karatI thii| ____ bAlaka bar3A huA / vaha zmazAna kI rakSA karane lgaa| vahA~ pAsa hI bA~sa kA vana thA / eka bAra do sAdhu usa ora se nikale / eka sAdhu daNDa ke lakSaNoM ko jAnatA thaa| usane kahA - "amuka-prakAra kA daNDa jo grahaNa karegA, vaha rAjA hogaa|" karakaNDu tathA eka brAhmaNa ke lar3ake ne yaha bAta sunI / brAhmaNakumAra tatkAla gayA aura usa lakSaNa vAle bA~sa kA daNDa kATA / karakaNDu ne kahA- "yaha bA~sa mere zmazAna meM bar3hA hai, ataH isakA mAlika maiM huuN|" donoM meM vivAda huaa| nyAyAdhIza ke pAsa ge| usane nyAya dete hue karakaNDu ko daNDa dilA diyaa| brAhmaNa kupita huA aura usane cANDAla parivAra ko mArane kA SaDyaMtra rcaa| cANDAla ko isakI jAnakArI mila gii| vaha apane parivAra ko sAtha le kAJcanapura calA gyaa| kAJcanapura kA rAjA mara cukA thaa| usake putra nahIM thaa| rAjA cunane ke lie ghor3A chor3A gyaa| ghor3A sIdhA vahIM jA rukA, jahA~ cANDAla vizrAma kara rahA thaa| ghor3e ne kumAra karakaNDu kI pradakSiNA kI aura vaha usake nikaTa Thahara gayA / sAmanta Ae / kumAra ko le gae / rAjyAbhiSeka huA / vaha kAJcanapura kA rAjA bana gyaa| jaba brAhmaNakumAra ne yaha samAcAra sunA to vaha eka gA~va lene kI AzA se karakaNDu ke pAsa AyA aura yAcanA kI ki mujhe campA-rAjya meM eka gA~va diyA jaae| karakaNDu ne dadhivAhana ke nAma patra likhaa| dadhivAhana ne ise apanA apamAna smjhaa| usane karakaNDu ko burA-bhalA khaa| karakaNDu ne yaha saba suna kara campA para car3hAI kara dii| - sAdhvI rAnI padmAvatI ne yuddha kI bAta sunii| manuSya-saMhAra kI kalpanA sAkAra ho utthii| vaha campA phuNcii| pitA-putra kA paricaya kraayaa| yuddha banda ho gyaa| rAjA dadhivAhana apanA sArA rAjya karakaNDa ko de pravajita ho gyaa| karakaNDu go-priya thA / eka dina vaha gokula dekhane gyaa| usane eka patale bachar3e ko dekhaa| usakA mana dayA se bhara gyaa| usane AjJA dI ki isa bachar3e ko usakI mA~ kA sArA dUdha pilAyA jAe aura jaba yaha bar3A ho jAe to dUsarI gAyoM kA dUdha bhI ise pilAyA jAe / gopAloM ne yaha bAta svIkAra kii|

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362 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . __bachar3A sukhapUrvaka bar3hane lgaa| vaha yuvA huaa| usameM apAra zakti thii| rAjA ne dekhA / vaha bahuta prasanna huaa| ..... kucha samaya biitaa| eka dina rAjA puna: vahA~ aayaa| usane dekhA ki vahI bachar3A Aja bUDhA ho gayA hai, A~kheM gar3I jA rahI haiM, paira lar3akhar3A rahe haiM aura dUsare choTe-bar3e bailoM kA saMghaTTana saha rahA hai| rAjA kA mana vairAgya se bhara gyaa| saMsAra kI parivartanazIlatA kA bhAna huA / vaha pratyeka-buddha ho gyaa|' bauddha-grantha ke anusAra __usa samaya kaliMga rASTra meM dantapura nAma kA nagara thA / vahA~ karakaNDa nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| eka dina vaha udyAna meM gyaa| vahA~ usane eka Amra-vRkSa dekhaa| vaha phaloM se ladA huA thaa| rAjA ne eka Ama tor3A aura vahIM maMgala-zilA para baiTha use khaayaa| rAjA ke sAtha vAle sabhI manuSyoM ne eka-eka Ama todd'aa| kacce Ama bhI tor3a lie ge| vRkSa phala-vihIna ho gyaa| __ ghUma-phira kara rAjA puna: usI vRkSa ke nIce A ThaharA / usane ara dekhaa| vRkSa kI zobhA naSTa ho cukI thii| vaha vRkSa atyanta asundara pratIta hone lgaa| rAjA ne pAsa meM khar3e dUsare Amra-vRkSa kI ora dekhaa| vaha bhI phala-hIna thA, para itanA asundara nahIM dIkha rahA thA / rAjA ne socA-"yaha vRkSa phala-rahita hone para bhI muNDa-maNi parvata kI taraha sundara lagatA hai lekina yaha phala-yukta hone se hI isa dazA ko prApta huA hai| gRhasthI bhI phala vAle vRkSa kI taraha hai / pravrajyA phala-rahita vRkSa ke samAna hai / dhana vAle ko sarvatra bhaya hai, akiJcana ko bhaya nhiiN| mujhe bhI phala-rahita vRkSa kI taraha honA caahie| vicAroM kI tIvratA bddh'ii| phalita-vRkSa kA dhyAna kara vRkSa ke nIce khar3e hI khar3e vaha pratyeka-buddha ho gayA / "2 2-dvimukha jaina-grantha ke anusAra pAJcAla deza meM kAmpilya nAma kA nagara thaa| vahA~ jaya nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| vaha harikulavaMza meM utpanna huA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma gaNamAlA thaa| ___ eka dina rAjA AsthAna maNDapa meM baiThA thaa| usane dUta se pUchA- "saMsAra meM aisI kauna-sI vastu hai jo mere pAsa nahIM hai aura dUsare rAjAoM ke pAsa hai ?" dUta ne kahA"rAjan ! tumhAre yahA~ citra-sabhA nahIM hai / " rAjA ne tatkAla citrakAroM ko bulAyA aura citra-sabhA kA nirmANa karane kI AjJA dii| citrakAroM ne kArya prArambha kiyaa| pRthvI 1-sampUrNa kathAnaka ke lie dekhiye-sukhabodhA, patra 133 / 2-kumbhakAra jAtaka (saMkhyA 408), jAtaka, caturtha khaNDa, pR0 37 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 2 pratyeka-buddha . . ko khudAI hone lgii| pA~caveM dina eka ratnamaya dedIpyamAna mahAmukuTa niklaa| rAjA ko sUcanA milI / vaha atyanta prasanna huaa| thor3e hI kAla meM citra-sabhA kA kArya sampanna huaa| zubha dina dekha kara rAjA ne vahA~ praveza kiyA aura maMgala-vAdya dhvaniyoM ke bIca usa mukuTa ko dhAraNa kiyaa| usa mukuTa ke prabhAva se usake do muMha dIkhane lge| logoM ne usakA nAma 'dvimukha' rkhaa| kAla atikrAnta huaa| rAjA ke sAta putra hue, para eka bhI putrI nahIM huii| guNamAlA udAsIna rahane lgii| usane madana nAmaka yakSa kI ArAdhanA prArambha kii| yakSa prasanna huA / usake eka putrI huii| usakA nAma 'madanamaJjarI' rkhaa| ujjainI ke rAjA caNDa pradyota ne mukuTa kI bAta sunii| usane dUta bhejaa| dUta ne dvimukha rAjA se kahA- "yA to Apa apanA mukuTa caNDapradyota rAjA ko samarpita kareM yA yuddha ke lie taiyAra ho jAe~ ?" dvimukha rAjA ne kahA- 'maiM apanA mukuTa tabhI de sakatA hU~ jabaki vaha mujhe cAra vastue~ de--(1) analagiri hAthI, (2) agnibhIru ratha, (3) zivAdevI aura (4) lohajaMgha lekhAcArya / ___ dUta ne jA kara caNDapradyota se sArI bAta khii| vaha kupita huA aura caturaMgiNI senA le dvimukha para usane car3hAI kara dii| vaha sImA para phuNcaa| senA kA par3Ava DAlA aura garuDa-vyUha kI racanA kii| dvimukha bhI apanI senA le sImA para A ddttaa| usane sAgara-vyUha kI racanA kii| ___ donoM ora bhayaMkara yuddha huaa| mukuTa ke prabhAva se dvimukha kI senA ajeya rhii| pradyota kI senA bhAgane lgii| vaha hAra gyaa| dvimukha ne use bandI banA ddaalaa| - caNDapradyota kArAgRha meM bandI thaa| eka dina usane rAjakanyA madanamaJjarI ko dekhaa| vaha usameM Asakta ho gyaa| jyoM-tyoM rAta biitii| prAtaHkAla huaa| rAjA dvimukha vahA~ aayaa| usane pradyota ko udAsIna dekhaa| kAraNa pUchane para usane sArI bAta khii| usane kahA-'yadi madanamaJjarI nahIM milI to maiM agni meM kUda kara mara jaauuNgaa|" dvimukha ne apanI kanyA kA vivAha usase kara diyaa| caNDapradyota apanI navavadhU ko sAtha le ujjanI calA gyaa| eka bAra indra-mahotsava' aayaa| rAjA kI AjJA se nAgarikoM ne indradhvaja kI 1-isa mahotsava kA prArambha bharata ne kiyA thaa| nizIthacaNi (patra 1174) meM isako ASADhI pUrNimA ke dina manAne kA tathA Avazyaka niyukti hAribhadrIyA vRtti (patra 359) meM kArtika pUrNimA ko manAne kA ullekha hai| lADa deza meM zrAvaNa pUrNimA ko yaha mahotsava manAyA jAtA thaa|

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364 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sthApanA kii| vaha indradhvaja aneka prakAra ke puSpoM, ghaNTiyoM tathA mAlAoM se sajjita kiyA gyaa| logoM ne usakI pUjA kii| sthAna-sthAna para nRtya-gIta hone lge| sAre loga moda-magna the| isa prakAra sAta dina bIte / pUrNimA ke dina mahArAja dvimukha ne indradhvaja kI pUjA kii| pUjA-kAla samApta huaa| logoM ne indradhvaja ke AbhUSaNa utAra lie aura kASTha ko sar3aka para pheMka diyaa| eka dina rAjA usI mArga se niklaa| usane usa indradhvaja kASTha ko mala-mUtra meM par3e dekhaa| use vairAgya ho aayaa| vaha pratyeka buddha ho paMca-muSTi loca kara pravajita ho gyaa|' bauddha-grantha ke anusAra uttara-paJcAla rASTra meM kambhila nAma kA nagara thA / vahA~ dumukha nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| eka dina vaha prAtaHkAla ke bhojana se nivRtta ho, alaMkAra pahana kara rAjyAMgaNa kI zobhA dekha rahA thaa| usI samaya gvAloM ne vRja kA dvAra kholaa| vRSabha vraja se nikale / kAmukatA ke vazIbhUta ho unhoMne eka gau kA pIchA kiyaa| kAma-mAtsarya se do sA~Da lar3ane lge| eka nukole soMga vAle sA~r3a ne dUsare sA~r3a kI jA~gha meM prahAra kiyaa| totra prahAra se A~ta bAhara nikala aaii| vahIM usakA prANAnta ho gyaa| rAjA ne yaha dekhA aura socA-"sabhI prANI kAmukatA ke kAraNa kaSTa pAte haiN| mujhe cAhie ki maiM ina kaSTadAyI kAmabhogoM ko chor3a dU~ / " usane khar3e hI khar3e pratyeka-bodhi prApta kara lii| 3-nami jaina-graMtha ke anusAra ___ avantI deza meM sudarzana nAma kA nagara thA / vahA~ maNiratha nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| yugabAhu isakA bhAI thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma madanarekhA thaa| maNiratha ne yugabAhu ko mAra DAlA / madanarekhA garbhavatI thI / vaha vahA~ se akelI cala pdd'ii| jaMgala meM usane eka putra ko janma diyaa| use ratnakambala meM lapeTa kara vahIM rakha diyA aura svayaM zauca-karma karane jalAzaya meM gii| vahA~ eka jalahastI ne use sUMDa se pakar3A aura AkAza meM uchaalaa| videha rASTra ke antargata mithilA nagarI kA nareza padmaratha zikAra karane jaMgala meM aayaa| usane usa bacce ko utthaayaa| vaha niSputra thaa| putra kI sahaja prApti para use prasannatA huI / bAlaka usake ghara meM bar3hane lgaa| usake prabhAva se padmaratha / 1-sukhabodhA, patra 135-136 / 2-kumbhakAra jAtaka (saM0 408), jAtaka, caturtha khaNDa, pR0 39-40 /

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khaNDa : 2, prakaraNa : 2 pratyeka-buddha 365 ke zatru rAjA bhI nata ho ge| isalie bAlaka kA nAma 'nami' rkhaa| yuvA hone para usakA vivAha 1008 kanyAoM ke sAtha sampanna huaa| padmaratha videha rASTra kI rAjyasattA nami ko sauMpa pravajita ho gyaa| eka bAra mahArAja nami ko dAha-jvara huaa| usane chaha mAsa taka atyanta vedanA shii| vaidyoM ne roga ko asAdhya btlaayaa| dAha-jvara ko zAnta karane ke lie rAniyA~ svayaM candana ghisa rahI thiiN| unake hAtha meM pahine hue kaMkaNa baja rahe the| unakI AvAja se rAjA ko kaSTa hone lgaa| usane kaMkaNa utAra dene ke lie khaa| sabhI rAniyoM ne saubhAgya-cihna svarUpa eka-eka kaMkaNa ko chor3a kara zeSa sabhI kaMkaNa utAra die / kucha dera bAda rAjA ne apane maMtrI se pUchA- "kaMkaNa kA zabda kyoM nahIM sunAI de rahA hai ?" maMtrI ne kahA"rAjan ! unake gharSaNa se uThe hue zabda Apako apriya lagate haiM, yaha socakara sabhI rAniyoM ne eka-eka kaMkaNa ke atirikta zeSa kaMkaNa utAra die haiN| akele meM gharSaNa nahIM hotaa| gharSaNa ke binA zabda kahA~ se uThe ?" rAjA nami ne socA- "sukha akelepana meM hai / jahA~ dvandva hai, vahA~ duHkha hai|" vicAra Age bddh'aa| usane socA yadi maiM isa roga se mukta ho jAU~gA to avazya hI pravrajyA grahaNa kara luuNgaa| usa dina kArtika mAsa kI pUrNimA thii| rAjA isI ciMtana meM lIna ho, so gyaa| rAtri ke aMtima prahara meM usane svapna dekhA / nandIvoSa kI AvAja se jAgA / usakA dAha-jvara naSTa ho cukA thaa| usane svapna kA cintana kiyaa| use jAti-smRti ho AI / vaha pratibuddha ho pravrajita ho gyaa|' bauddha-grantha ke anusAra videha-rASTra meM mithilA nAma kI nagarI thii| vahA~ nimi nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| eka dina vaha gavAkSa meM baiThA huA rAjapatha kI zobhA dekha rahA thA / usane dekhA eka cIla mAMsa kA eka Tukar3A lie AkAza meM udd'ii| idhara-udhara ke gIdha Adi pakSI use dhera usase bhojana chanIne lge| chInA-jhapaTI huii| cIla ne mAMsa kA Tukar3A chor3a diyaa| dUsare pakSI ne use uThA liyaa| gIdhoM ne usa pakSI kA pIchA kiyaa| usase chUTA to dUsare ne grahaNa kiyaa| use bhI usI prakAra kaSTa dene lge| rAjA ne socA-"jisajisa pakSI ne mAMsa kA Tukar3A liyA, use-use hI duHkha sahanA par3A, jisa-jisa ne chor3A use hI sukha milaa| ina pA~ca kAma-bhogoM ko jo-jo grahaNa karatA hai, vaha duHkha pAtA hai, jo-jo inheM grahaNa nahIM karatA, vaha sukha pAtA hai| ye kAma-bhoga bahutoM ke lie 1-sukhabodhA, patra 136-143 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sAdhAraNa haiN| mere pAsa 16 hajAra striyA~ haiN| mujhe kAma-bhogoM ko tyAga sukhapUrvaka rahanA caahie|" khar3e hI khar3e usane bhAvanA kI vRddhi kI aura pratyeka-bodhi ko prApta kara liyaa| 4-naggati (nagagati') jaina-graMtha ke anusAra gAMdhAra janapada meM puDavarddhana nAma kA nagara thA / vahA~ siMharatha nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| eka bAra uttarApatha se usake do ghor3e bheMTa aae| ____ eka dina rAjA aura rAjakumAra donoM ghor3oM para savAra ho unakI parIkSA karane nikle| rAjA jisa ghor3e para baiThA thA, vaha viparIta zikSA vAlA thaa| rAjA jyoM-jyoM lagAma khIMcatA tyoM-tyoM vaha tejI se daur3atA thaa| daur3ate-daur3ate vaha bAraha yojana taka calA gyaa| rAjA ne lagAma DholI chor3a dii| ghor3A vahIM ruka gyaa| use eka vRkSa ke nIce bA~dha rAjA ghUmane lagA / phala khA kara bhUkha zAnta kii| rAta bitAne ke lie rAjA pahAr3a para car3hA / vahA~ usane saptabhopa vAlA eka sundara mahala dekhA / rAjA andara gyaa| vahA~ eka sundara kanyA dekho| eka dUsare ko dekha donoM meM prema ho gyaa| rAjA ne kanyA kA paricaya pUchA, para usane kahA-"pahale mere sAtha vivAha karo, phira meM apanA sArA vRttAnta tumheM btaauuNgii|" __rAjA ne usake sAtha vivAha kiyaa| kanyA kA nAma kanakamAlA thaa| rAta bItI / prAtaHkAla kanyA ne kathA sunaaii| rAjA ne dattacitta ho kathA sunii| use jAtismaraNa jJAna ho gyaa| vaha eka mahIne taka vahIM rhaa| eka dina usane kanakamAlA se kahA-"priye ! zatruvarga kahIM mere rAjya kA nAza na kara deM, isalie aba mujhe vahA~ jAnA cAhie / tU mujhe AjJA de|" kanakayAlA ne kahA"jaisI ApakA AjJA ! parantu ApakA nagara yahA~ se dUra hai / Apa paidala kaise cala sakeMge? mere pAsa prajJapti vidyA hai, Apa ise sAdha leN|" rAjA ne vidyA kI sAdhanA kii| vidyA siddha hone para usake prabhAva se apane nagara pahuMca gyaa| rAjA ko prApta kara logoM ne mahotsava mnaayaa| sAmaMtoM ne rAjA se pUrva vRttAnta pUchA / rAjA ne sArI bAta batAI / saba Azcarya se bhara gae / 1-kumbhakAra jAtaka ( saM0 408), jAtaka khaNDa 4, pR0 39 / 2-bauddha jAtaka (saM0 408 ) meM ise naggajI aura zatapatha brAhmaNa (8 / 1 / 4 / 10) meM nagnajit kaha kara pukArA hai|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 2 pratyeka-buddha 367 rAjI pA~ca-pA~ca dinoM se usI parvata para kanakamAlA se milane jAyA karatA thaa| vaha kucha dina usake sAya bitA kara apane nagara ko lauTa aataa| isa prakAra kAla bItane lgaa| loga kahate-"rAjA parvata para hai|" usake bAda usakA nAma 'naggati' pdd'aa| - eka dina rAjA bhramaNa karane niklaa| usane eka puSpita Amra-vRkSa dekhA / eka maJjarI ko tor3a baha Age niklaa| sAtha vAle sabhI vyaktioM ne maJjarI, patra, pravAla, puSpa, phala Adi sAre tor3a ddaale| Amra kA vRkSa aba kevala ThUTha mAtra raha gyaa| rAjA punaH usI mArga se lauttaa| usane pUchA-"vaha Amra-vRkSa kahA~ hai ?" maMtrI ne a~gulI ke izAre se usa ThUTha kI ora saMketa kiyaa| rAjA Ama kI usa avasthA ko dekha avAka raha gyaa| use kAraNa jJAta huaa| usane socA-"jahA~ Rddhi hai, vahA~ zomA hai parantu Rddhi svabhAvataH caJcala hotI hai / " ina vicAroM se vaha saMbuddha ho gyaa| bauddha-grantha ke anusAra gAMdhAra rASTra meM takSazilA nAma kA nagara thA / vahA~ 'naggajI' nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| eka dina usane eka strI ko dekhaa| vaha eka-eka hAtha meM eka-eka kaMgana pahane sugandhI pIsa rahI thii| rAjA ne dekhA, eka-eka kaMgana ke kAraNa na ragar3a hotI hai aura na AvAja / itane meM hI usa strI ne dAyeM hAtha kA kaMgana bAe~ hAtha meM pahana liyA aura dAyeM hAtha se sugaMdhI sameTatI huI bAeM hAtha se pIsane lge| aba eka hAtha meM do kaMgana ho ge| Apasa ke gharSaNa se zabda hone lgaa| rAjA ne yaha sunA / usane socA-"yaha kaMgana akelA thA to ragar3a nahIM khAtA thA, aba do ho jAne ke kAraNa ragar3a khAtA hai aura AvAja karatA hai| isI prakAra ye prANI bhI akele-akele meM na ragar3a khAte haiM aura na AvAja karate haiN| do-tIna hone ke kAraNa ragar3a khAte haiM, AvAja karate haiN| mujhe bhI cAhie ki maiM akelA ho jAU~ aura apanA hI vicAra karatA rhuuN|" ina vicAroM hI vicAroM meM vipazyanA kI vRddhi karate hue vaha pratyeka-buddha ho gayA / 2 jaina-kathAnaka ke anusAra . pratyeka buddha kA nAma rASTra nagara pitA kA nAma vairAgya kA kAraNa 1. karakaNDu kaliMga kAMcanapura dadhivAhana bUr3hA baila 2. dvimukha pAJcAla kAmpilya jaya indra-dhvaja 3. nami videha mithilA yugabAhu eka cUr3I kI niravavatA 4. naggati gAMdhAra puNDravardhana dRr3hasiMha maMjarI vihIna pAmra purisapura vRkSa 1-sukhabodhA, patra 141-145 / 1-kumbhakAra jAtaka (saM0 408), jAtaka, cauthA khaNDa, pRSTha 39 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bauddha-kathAnaka ke anusAra pratyeka buddha kA nAma rASTra nagara pitA kA nAma vairAgya 1. karaNDu (karakaNDa) kaliMga dantapura . phala-vihIna Amra-vRkSa 2. dumukha uttara-pAMcAla kampila vRSabha kI kAmukatA. 3. nimi videha mithilA 0 mAMsa ke Tukar3e ke lie pakSiyoM kI chinAjhapaTI 4. nagajI gAMdhAra takSazilA . eka baiMgana kI nIravatA samIkSA ___ uparyukta varNana se yaha jJAta ho jAtA hai ki cAroM pratyeka-buddhoM ke nAmoM meM aura rASTroM meM prAyaH samAnatA hai, kintu unake vairAgya ke nimittoM meM vyatyaya mAlUma hotA hai| jaina-kathAnaka meM vairAgya kA jo nimitta naggati aura nami kA hai, vaha bauddha-kathAnaka meM karaNDu aura naggajI kA hai| bauddha-kathAnaka meM karakaNDu ko daMtapura kA rAjA batAyA hai| parantu jaina kathAnaka se yaha spaSTa hai ki karakaNDu kI mA~ campA se nikala kara daMtapura phuNcii| vahA~ daMtavakra nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| vahA~ karakaNDu kA janma huaa| Age cala kara vaha kAMcanapura kA rAjA banA aura bAda meM campA nagarI kA bhI rAjya use prApta ho gyaa| kaliMga kI rAjadhAnI kAMcanapura thii| dUsare pratyeka-buddha kA nAma, prAkRta bhASA ke anusAra 'dummuha' aura pAlI ke anusAra 'dummukha' hai| videha rAjya meM do 'nami' hue haiN| donoM ne apane apane rAjya kA tyAga kara dIkSA grahaNa kii| eka tIrthaGkara hue aura dUsare pratyeka-buddha / ' uttarAdhyayana ke nauveM adhyayana meM pratyeka-buddha nami kA vRttAnta hai| ___ jaina-kathAnaka ke anusAra avantI deza ke rAjA maNiratha ke choTe bhAI 'yugabAhu' the| jaba maNiratha ne unakI hatyA kara dI, taba unakI patnI madanarekhA usa rASTra ko chor3a Age nikala gii| jaMgala meM usane putra ko janma diyaa| usake navajAta zizu ko mithilA kA nareza padmaratha le gyaa| usa bAlaka kA nAma nami rakhA / kAlAntara meM use videha rASTra kI rAjyasattA sauMpa vaha muni bana gyaa| isI prakAra kucha kAla bItA bAda nami kA bar3A bhAI, jo avantI rASTra kA adhipati thA, bhI apane rASTra kI rAjyasattA nami ko sauMpa pravrajita ho gyaa| aba nami videha aura avantI-donoM rASTroM kA adhipati bana gyaa| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki pAlita-putra hone ke kAraNa nami pahale videha rASTra kA adhipati banA aura bAda meM avantI kaa| 1-uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 267 /

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khaNDa : 2, prakaraNa : 2 pratyeka-buddha 366 jana-kathAnaka ke anusAra nemicandra ne ( sukhabodhA, patra 144 ) naggati ke prakaraNa meM gAndhAra kI rAjadhAnI puNDavardhanapura mAnA hai aura cUrNi (pR0 171) tathA zAntyAcArya ( bRhad vRtti, patra 304 ) ne usakI rAjadhAnI 'puruSapura' mAnA hai| kathAnaka ke isI prakaraNa meM isakI rAjadhAnI 'takSazilA' hai| vidvAnoM ne gAndhAra deza kI tIna rAjadhAniyA~ mAnI haiM____puNDavardhana' (puSkalAvatI pukkhalI), takSazilA, puruSapura / saMbhava hai ye tInoM nagara bhinna-bhinna samaya meM gAndhAra kI rAjadhAniyA~ rahI hoN| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki eka hI rAjyakAla meM rAjadhAniyoM ke samaya-samaya ke parivartana se hI bhinna-bhinna granthoM meM bhinna-bhinna ullekha hue hoN| cAroM pratyeka-buddhoM ke kathAnaka, jo jaina-sAhitya meM nibaddha haiM, bahuta hI vistRta aura paripUrNa haiN| unameM aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika tathyoM kA sundara gumphana hai aura ve jIvana ke atha se iti taka kA sArA vRttAnta prastuta karate haiM / bauddha-kathAnakoM meM unakA jIvana nAma mAtra kA hai, kevala unake pratibuddha hone ke nimitta kA varNana hai / kathAnaka kI sampUrNatA kI dRSTi se yaha bahuta hI aparyApta hai| ___ DaoN. hemacandrarAya caudharI jAtakoM meM ullikhita ina cAroM pratyeka-buddhoM ko pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke sAdhu mAnate haiN| isI dhAraNA ke AdhAra para unhoMne inakA kAla-nirNaya bhI kiyA hai|4 ____ muni vijayendra sUri ne isa mAnyatA kA khaNDana karate hue rAya caudharI kI bhUla batAI hai| vinTaraniTja ne mAnA hai--pratyeka buddhoM kI kathAe~, jo jaina aura bauddha-sAhitya meM pracalita haiM, prAcIna bhArata ke zramaNa-sAhitya kI nidhi rahI haiN| uttarAdhyayana kI kathAoM ke AdhAra para karakaNDu aura dvimukha kA astitva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana kAla meM siddha hotA hai / usake do mukhya AdhAra haiM 1-isako pahacAna 'cArasaddA' se kI jAtI hai| 2-dI DikzanarI oNpha pAlI propara nemsa, bhAga 1, pR0 983 / . 3-isakI pahacAna 'pezAvara' se kI jAtI hai| 4-poliTikala hisTrI oNpha enzieNTa iNDiyA (pA~cavA~ saMskaraNa) pR0 147 / 5-tIrthakara mahAvIra, bhAga 2, pR0 574 / 6-The Jainas in the History of India Literature, p. 8.

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370 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (1) karakaNDu padmAvatI kA putra thaa| vaha ceTaka rAjA kI putrI aura dadhivAhana kI patnI thii| ye donoM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samasAmayika the / 1 (2) dvimukha kI putrI madanamaJjarI kA vivAha ujjainI ke rAjA caNDapradyota ke sAtha huA thaa| yaha bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samasAmayika the| cAroM pratyeka-buddha eka sAtha hue the, isalie una cAroM kA astitva bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM hI siddha hotA hai| DaoN0 hIrAlAla jaina ne karakaNDu kA astitva-kAla I0 pU0 800 se 500 ke bIca mAnA hai| ukta abhimata ke anusAra yadi hama pratyeka-buddhoM kA astitva I0 pU0 500 ke AsapAsa mAna leM to donoM dhArAoM kI dUrI samApta ho jAtI hai| prathama dhArA ke anusAra pratyeka-buddha bhagavAn pArzva ke zAsana-kAla meM mAne jAte haiM aura dUsarI dhArA ke anusAra ve bhagavAna mahAvIra ke zAsana-kAla meM mAne jAte haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra dIkSita hue usase pUrva bhagavAn pArzva kA zAsana-kAla thA / pratyeka-buddha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dIkSA se pUrva pravrajita hue hoM aura unake zAsana kAla meM bhI jIvita rahe hoM to donoM mAnyatAeM satya ke nikaTa pahu~ca jAtI haiN| pratyeka-buddhoM kA ullekha vaidika-sAhitya meM nahIM hai| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki ve zramaNa-paramparA ke the| upaniSad sAhitya meM janaka (yA nimi) tathA mahAbhArata meM janaka ke rUpa meM usI vyakti kA ullekha huA hai, jisakA uttarAdhyayana meM 'nami' ke rUpa meM ullekha hai| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM unake pratyeka-buddha hone kA ullekha nahIM hai| isakA prathama ullekha uttarAdhyayana kI niyukti meM milatA hai| unake jIvana-vRtta TokAoM meM milate haiN| unakA prAcIna AdhAra kyA rahA hai, yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM batAyA jA sktaa| bauddha-sAhitya meM cAroM pratyeka-buddhoM kA ullekha isa tathya kI ora dhyAna khIMcatA hai ki ve mahAvIra ke zAsana kAla se pUrva pravrajita ho cuke the| bhagavAn pArzva kI paramparA zramaNoM kI sAmAnya paramparA rahI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAla meM nirgrantha, AjIvaka, zAkya Adi zramaNa-saMghoM meM bheda bar3ha cukA thaa| usa sthiti meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana-kAla meM pravajita hone vAle pratyeka-buddhoM kA bauddha-sAhitya meM svIkAra ho, yaha saMbhava nahIM lgtaa| ina kAraNoM se pratyeka-buddhoM kA astitva bhagavAn pArzva aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke zAsana kA saMdhi-kAla honA caahie| 1-sukhabodhA, patra 133-135 / 2-vahI, patra 136 / 3-karakaNDu caria (muni kanakAmara kRta) hIrAlAla jaina dvArA saMpAdita, bhUmikA, pR0 15 /

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prakaraNa : tIsarA bhaugolika paricaya uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM aneka dezoM tathA nagaroM kA bhinna-bhinna sthaloM meM nirdeza huA hai / DhAI hajAra varSa kI isa lambI kAlAvadhi meM kaI dezoM aura nagaroM ke nAma parivartita hue, kaI mUlataH naSTa ho gae aura kaI Aja bhI usI nAma se prasiddha haiN| hameM una sabhI kA adhyayana prAcIna pratibimba meM karanA hai aura vartamAna meM unakI jo sthiti hai, use bhI yathAsAdhya prastuta karanA hai| jo nagara usa samaya samRddha the, ve Aja khaNDahara mAtra raha gae haiM / purAne nagara miTate gae, nae udaya meM Ate ge| kaI nagaroM kI bahuta chAnabIna huI hai parantu Aja bhI aise aneka nagara haiM jinakI chAnabIna Avazyaka lagatI hai| Agama ke vyAkhyA-granthoM meM tathA anyAnya jaina-racanAoM meM bahuta kucha sAmagrI vikIrNa par3I hai| AvazyakatA hai ki unameM bhUgola sambandhI sArI sAmagnI ekatra saMkalita ho / uttarAdhyayana meM Aye hue deza va nagara (1) mithilA (6 / 4) (12) gAndhAra (18 / 45) (2) kamboja (11 / 16) (13) sauvIra (18 / 47) (3) hastinApura (13 / 1) (14) sugrIva nagara (1931) * (4) kampilla (13 / 2 ; 18 / 1) (15) magadha (2011) (5) purimatAla (13 / 2) (16) kozAmbI (2018) (6) dazArNa (13 / 6) (17) campA (21 / 1) (7) kAzI (13 / 6) (18) pihuMDa (21 / 3) ... (8) pAJcAla. (13 / 26 ; 18 / 45) (16) soriyapura (22 / 1) . (6) iSukAra nagara (14 / 1) (20) dvArakA (22 / 27) (10) kaliMga (18 / 45) (21) zrAvastI (23 // 3) (11) videha (18 / 45) (24) vANArasI (25 / 13) videha aura mithilA videha rAjya kI sImA uttara meM himAlaya, dakSiNa meM gaMgA, pazcima meM gaMDakI aura pUrva meM mahI nadI taka thii|

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372 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana jAtaka ke anusAra isa rASTra kA vistAra tIna sau yojana thaa|' isameM solaha hajAra gA~va the|2 vikrama kI cauthI-pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke bAda isakA nAma 'tIrahuta' par3A, jisake aneka pramANa milate haiN| vikrama kI 14vIM zatAbdI meM racita 'vividha tIrtha kalpa' meM ise 'tIrahutti' nAma se pahacAnA hai| isI kA apabhraSTa rUpa 'tirahuta' Aja bhI pracalita hai / __yaha eka samRddha rASTa thaa| yahA~ kA pratyeka ghara 'kadalI-vana' se suzobhita thaa| khIra yahA~ kA priya bhojana mAnA jAtA thaa| sthAna-sthAna para vApI, kUpa aura tAlAba milate the| yahA~ ko sAmAnya janatA bhI saMskRta meM vizArada thii| yahA~ ke aneka loga dharma-zAstroM meM nipuNa hote the|4|| __ vartamAna meM nepAla kI sImA ke antargata (jahA~ mujaphpharapura aura darabhaMgA jile milate haiM) choTe nagara 'janakapura' ko prAcIna mithilA kahA jAtA hai|" . suruci jAtaka se mithilA ke vistAra kA patA lagatA hai| eka bAra banArasa ke rAjA ne aisA nizcaya kiyA ki vaha apanI kanyA kA vivAha eka aise rAjaputra se karegA jo eka patnI-vrata dhAraNa kregaa| mithilA ke rAjakumAra suruci ke sAtha vivAha kI bAtacIta cala rahI thii| eka patnI-vrata kI bAta suna kara vahA~ ke mantriyoM ne kahA-'mithilA kA vistAra sAta yojana hai / samUce rASTra kA vistAra tIna sau yojana hai| hamArA rAjya bahuta bar3A hai| aise rAjya meM rAjA ke antaHpura meM solaha hajAra rAniyA~ avazya honI caahie|' mithilA kA dUsarA nAma 'janakapurI' thaa| jinaprabha sUri ke samaya yaha 'jagatI' (prA0 jagaI) nAma se prasiddha thii| isake pAsa hI mahArAja janaka ke bhAI 'kanaka' kA nivAsa-sthAna 'kanakapura' basA huA thaa| yahA~ jaina-zramaNoM kI eka zAkhA 'maithiliyA' kA udbhava huA thaa| 1-suruci jAtaka (saM 489), bhAga 4, pR0 521-522 / 2-jAtaka (saM 406), bhAga 4, pR0 27 / 3-vividha tIrthakalpa, pR0 32 : .."saMpaikAle 'tIrahutti deso' ti bhaNNaI / 4-vahI, pR0 32 / 5-dI enziyanTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 718 / 6-jAtaka saM0 489, bhAga 4, pR0 521-522 / 7-vividha tIrthakalpa, pR0 32 / 8-kalpasUtra, sUtra 213, pR0 64 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 3 bhaugolika paricaya 373 bhagavAn mahAvIra ne yahA~ chaH cAturmAsa bitAe / 1 AThaveM gaNadhara akaMpita kI yaha janma-bhUmi thiiN| pratyeka-buddha nami ko kaGkaNa kI dhvani se yahIM vairAgya huA thA / bANagaMgA aura gaMDaka-ye do nadiyA~ isa nagara ko pariveSTita kara bahatI thI / cauthe nihnava azvamitra ne vIra nirvANa ke 220 varSa pazcAt 'sAmucche dika-vAda' kA pravartana yahIM se kiyA thaa| dazapUrvadhara Arya mahAgiri kA yaha pramukha vihAra kSetra thA / jaina-AgamoM meM ullikhita dasa rAjadhAniyoM meM mithilA kA nAma hai|6|| kamboja yaha janapada gAndhAra ke pazcima kA pradeza thaa|' DaoN0 rAdhAkumuda mukharjI ne ise kAbula nadI ke taTa para mAnA hai| kucha ise balucistAna se lagA IrAna kA pradeza mAnate haiN| rAyasa DeviDsa ne ise uttara-pazcima ke chora kA pradeza mAnA hai aura isakI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM dvArakA kA ullekha kiyA hai| ___ yaha janapada jAtIya azvoM aura khaccaroM ke lie prasiddha thaa| jaina-Agama-sAhitya tathA Agametara-sAhitya meM sthAna-sthAna para kamboja ke ghor3oM kA ullekha milatA hai / 10 AcArya buddhaghoSa ne ise 'azvoM kA ghara' kahA hai / 11 paJcAla aura kAmpila kaniMghama ke anusAra Adhunika eTA, mainapurI, pharrukhAbAda aura Asa-pAsa ke jile paJcAla rAjya kI sImA ke antargata Ate haiM / 12 paJcAla janapada do bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA-(1) uttara paMcAla aura (2) dakSiNa 1-kalpasUtra, sUtra 122, pR. 41 / 2-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 644 / 3-vividha tIrthakalpa, pR0 32 / 4-Avazyaka bhASya, gAthA 131 / 5-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 782 / 6-sthAnAMga, 101717 / 7-azoka (gAyakavADa lekcarsa), pR0 168, pada-saMketa 1 / -bauddha kAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola, pR0 456-457 / / 9-buddhisTa iNDiyA, pR0 28 / 10-uttarAdhyayana, 11 / 16 / 11-sumaMgalavilAsinI, bhAga 1, pR0 124 / 12-dekhie-dI enziyanTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 412, 705 /

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374 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pnycaal| pANini vyAkaraNa meM isake tIna vibhAga milate haiM-(1) pUrva paJcAla, (2) apara paJcAla aura (3) dakSiNa paJcAla / ' -dvimukha paJcAla kA prabhAvazAlI rAjA thaa|2 paJcAla aura lATa deza eka zAsana ke adhIna bhI rahe haiN| bauddha-sAhitya meM ullikhita 16 mahAjanapadoM meM paJcAla kA ullekha hai| kintu jaina-Agama meM nirdiSTa 16 janapadoM meM usakA ullekha nahIM hai| kaniMghama ne kAmpilla kI pahacAna uttara pradeza ke pharrukhAbAda jile meM phatehagar3ha se 28. mIla uttara-pUrva, gaMgA ke samIpa meM sthita 'kAMpila' se kI hai|5 kAyamagaMja relave sTezana se yaha kevala pA~ca mIla dUra hai| mahArAja dvimukha isI nagara meM zobhAhIna dhvajA ko dekha kara pratibuddha hue| hastinApura isakI pahicAna meraTha jile ke mavAnA tahasIla meM meraTha se 22 mIla uttara-pUrva meM sthita hastinApura gA~va se kI gaI hai| jaina AgamoM meM ullikhita dasa rAjadhAniyoM meM isakA ullekha hai aura yaha kurujanapada kI prasiddha nagarI thii| jinaprabha sUri ne isakI utpatti kA UhApoha karate hue likhA hai-"RSabha ke sau putra the| unameM eka kA nAma 'kuru' thaa| usake nAma se 'kuru' janapada prasiddha huA / kuru ke putra kA nAma 'hastI' thaa| usane hastinApura nagara bsaayaa| isa nagara ke pAsa gaMgA nadI bahatI thii| pAlI-sAhitya meM isakA nAma 'hatthipura' yA 'hatthinIpura' AtA hai| 1-pANini vyAkaraNa, 713 / 13 / 2-sukhabodhA, patra 135-136 / 3-prabhAvaka carita, pR0 24 / 4-aMguttaranikAya, bhAga 1, pR0 213 / 5-dI enziyanTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 413 / 6-sukhabodhA, patra 135-136 / 7-sthAnAMga, 10 / 3 / 719 / 5-vividha tIrthakalpa, pR. 27 : hatyipura yA hatthinIpura ke pAlI vivaraNoM meM isake samIpa gaMgA ke hone kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANoM meM ise gaMgA ke pAsa sthita batAyA hai|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 3 bhaugolika paricaya 375 purimatAla ___ isakI avasthiti ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhinna mAnyatAeM hai / kaI vidvAn isakI pahacAna mAnabhUma ke pAsa 'puruliyA' nAmaka sthAna se karate hai / hemacandrAcArya ne ise ayodhyA kA zAkhAnagara mAnA hai| Avazyaka niyukti meM vinItA ke bahirbhAga meM 'purimatAla' nAmaka udyAna kA ullekha huA hai| vahA~ bhagavAn RSabha ko kevalajJAna utpanna huA thA aura usI dina cakravartI bharata kI AyudhazAlA meM cakraratna kI utpatti huI thii| bharata kA choTA bhAI RSabhasena 'purimatAla' kA svAmI thaa| jaba bhagavAn RSabha vahA~ Ae taba usane usI dina bhagavAn ke pAsa pravrajyA grahaNa kara lii| vijayendra sUri ne isa nagara kI pahacAna Adhunika prayAga se kI hai, kintu apanI mAnyatA kI puSTi ke lie koI pramANa prastuta nahIM kara sake haiN| unhoMne itanA mAtra likhA hai ki 'jana-granthoM meM prayAga kA prAcIna nAma 'purimatAla' milatA hai|'4 sAtavA~ varSAvAsa samApta kara bhagavAna mahAvIra kaMDAka sanniveza se 'lohArgalA' nAmaka sthAna para gae / vahA~ se unhoMne purimatAla kI ora vihAra kiyaa| nagara ke bAhara 'zakaTamukha' nAma kA udyAna thaa| bhagavAn usI meM dhyAna karane Thahara ge| purimatAla se vihAra kara bhagavAn unnAga aura gobhUbhi hote hue rAjagRha phuNce| citra kA jIva saudharma kalpa se cyuta ho purimatAla nagara meM eka zreSThI ke ghara meM utpanna huaa| Age cala kara ye bahuta bar3e RSi hue| jArla sarapenTiyara ne mAnA hai ki 'purimatAla' kA ullekha anyatra dekhane meM nahIM aataa| yaha 'lipi-kartA' kA doSa saMbhava hai| isake sthAna para 'kuru-paJcAla' yA aisA hI kucha honA caahie| yaha anumAna yathArtha nahIM lgtaa| hama Upara dekha cuke haiM ki 1-bhArata ke prAcIna jaina tIrtha, pR0 33 / 2-triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita 1133389 : ayodhyAyA mahApuryAH, zAkhAnagara muttamam / yayau purimatAlAkhyaM, bhagavAnRSabhadhvajaH // 3-Avazyaka niyukti, gAthA 342 : ujjANapurimatAle purI viNIAi tattha nANavare / cakkuppayA ya bharahe niveaNaM ceva duhaMpi // 4-tIrthaGkara mahAvIra, bhAga 1, pR0 209 / 5-sukhabodhA, patra 187 / / 6-dI uttarAdhyayana, pR0 328 /

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376 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . . purimatAla kA aneka granthoM meM ullekha huA hai| yaha ayodhyA kA upanagara thA, aisA . bhagabAn mahAvIra ke vihAra-kSetra se pratIta hotA hai| dazArNa bundelakhaNDa meM dhasAna nadI bahatI hai| usake AsapAsa ke pradeza kA nAma 'dasaNNa' dazArNa hai| ___dazArNa nAma ke do deza milate haiM-eka pUrva meM aura dUsarA pazcima meM / pUrva-dazArNa madhyapradeza ke chattIsagar3ha jile meM mAnA jAtA hai| pazcima-dazArNa meM bhopAla rAjya aura pUrva-mAlava kA samAveza hotA hai| banAsa nadI ke pAsa basI huI mRttikAvatI nagarI dazArNa janapada kI rAjadhAnI mAnI jAtI hai| kAlIdAsa ne dazArNa janapada kA ullekha karate hue 'vidizA' (Adhunika bhilasA) kA usakI rAjadhAnI ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| - jaina-AgamoM meM ullikhita sAr3he paccIsa Arya dezoM meM 'dazArNa' janapada kA ullekha hai| dazArNa janapada ke pramukha nagara do the--(1) dazArNapura (elakaccha, eDakAkSa-jhA~sI se 40 mIla uttara-pUrva 'eraca-eracha' gA~va) aura (2) dazapura ( Adhunika maMdasaura ) / ___ Arya mahAgiri isI janapada meM dazArNapura ke pAsa gajAnapada (dazArNakUTa) parvata para anazana kara mRtyu ko prApta hue the|3 dazArNabhadra isa janapada kA rAjA thaa| mahAvIra ne use isI parvata para dIkSita kiyA thaa| kAzI aura vANArasI ____ kAzI janapada pUrva meM magadha, pazcima meM vatsa (vaMsa), uttara meM kozala aura dakSiNa meM 'sona' nadI taka vistRta thaa| ___ kAzI janapada kI sImAeM kabhI eka-sI nahIM rahI haiN| kAzI aura kozala meM sadA saMgharSa calatA rahatA aura kabhI kAzI kozala kA aura kabhI kauzala kAzI kA aMga bana jAtA thaa| I0 pU0 chaThI-pA~cavIM zatAbdI meM kAzI kozala ke adhIna ho gayA thaa| uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM harikezabala ke prakaraNa meM TIkAkAra ne batAyA hai ki harikezabala vANArasI ke tinduka udyAna meM avasthita the| vahA~ kozalikarAja kI putrI bhadrA yakSa 1-meghaduta, pUrvamegha, zloka 23-24 / 2-vRhatkalpa bhAjya, bhAga 3, pR0 913 / 3-Avazyaka cUrNi, uttarabhAga, pR0 156-157 /

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kha Da 2, prakaraNa : 3 bhaugolika paricaya 377 pUjana ke lie aaii|' isa ghaTanA se bhI kAzI para kozala kA prabhutva pramANita hotA hai| kAzI rAjya kA vistAra 300 yojana batAyA gayA hai| .. . vArANasI kAzI janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| yaha nagara 'baranA' (baruNA). aura 'asI'-ina do nadiyoM ke bIca meM sthita thA / isalie isakA nAma 'vArANasI' pdd'aa| yaha narukta nAma hai| Adhunika banArasa gaMgA nadI ke uttarI kinAre para gaMgA aura varuNA ke saMgama-sthala para hai| jaina-Agamokta dasa rAjadhAniyoM meM isakA ullekha hai| yUAn cuAGga ne vArANasI ko deza aura nagara-donoM mAnA hai| usane vArANasI deza kA vistAra cAra hajAra 'lI' aura nagara kA vistAra lambAI meM 18 'lI' aura caur3AI meM 6 'lI' batAyA hai|" kAzI, kozala Adi 18 gaNarAjya vaizAlI ke nareza ceTaka kI ora se kaNika ke viruddha lar3e the / 6 kAzI ke nareza 'zaMkha' ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSA lI thii| iSukAra (usuyAra) nagara ___ jana-granthakAroM ne ise kuru-janapada kA eka nagara mAnA hai| yahA~ 'iSukAra' nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| uttarAdhyayana meM varNita isa nagara se sambandhita kathA kA ullekha bauddha-jAtaka (saM0 506) meM milatA hai| vahA~ 'vArANasI' nagarI kA ullekha hai aura rAjA kA nAma 'eSukAra' hai| rAjataraMgiNI ( 7 / 1310, 1312 ) meM 'huzakapura' nagara kA ullekha huA hai| Aja bhI kAzmIra meM 'bArAmUla' ( saM0 barAha, barAhamUla ) se do mIla dakSiNa-pUrva meM bIhaTa nadI ke pUrvI kinAre para 'huzakAra' yA 'usakAra' nagara vidyamAna hai| 'yuyenazAna ne kAzmIra kI ghATI meM, IsvI san 631 ke sitambara mahIne meM pazcima 1-sukhabodhA, patra 174 / 2-dhajaviher3ha jAtaka (saM0 361), jAtaka, bhAga 3, pR0 454 / 3-di enzienTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 499 / 4-vividha tIrthakalpa, pR0 72 / 5-yUAn cuAGgasa Trevelsa ina iNDiyA, bhAga 2, pR0 46-48 / .... 6-nirayAvalikA, sUtra 1 / / 7-sthAnAMga, 8 / 621 / 8-uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 365 / 48

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378 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kI ora se praveza kiyA thaa| usane pUjanIya sthAnoM kI upAsanA kara 'huzakAra' meM . rAtri bitaaii|" - aburihAna ne bhI 'usakAra' kA ullekha kara use nadI ke donoM ora sthita mAnA ___ albarUnI kA kathana hai ki kAzmIra kI nadI bhelama 'usakAra' nagara se hotI huI ghATI meM praveza karatI hai| sambhava hai ki yaha 'usakAra' nagara hI 'iSukAra-eSukAra' nagara ho| . kaliMga vartamAna ur3IsA kA dakSiNI bhAga 'kaliMga' kahA jAtA hai| sAr3he pacIsa Arya-dezoM meM isakI gaNanA kI gaI hai| bauddha-granthoM meM ullikhita 16 mahAjanapadoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai| yUAn cuAGga ne kaliMga janapada kA vistAra pA~ca hajAra 'lI' aura rAjadhAnI kA vistAra bIsa 'lI' batAyA hai| ____kaliMga deza kI rAjadhAnI kAJcanapura mAnI jAtI thii| sAtavIM zatAbdI se yaha nagara bhuvanezvara' nAma se prasiddha hai| gAndhAra ___ isakI avasthiti kI carcA karate hue kaniMghama ne likhA hai ki isakA vistAra pUrva-pazcima meM eka hajAra 'lI' (166 mIla) aura uttara-dakSiNa meM 800 'lI' (133 mIla) thaa| isake AdhAra para yaha pazcima meM laMghAna aura jalAlAbAda taka, pUrva meM sindhu taka, uttara meM svAta aura bunira parvata taka aura dakSiNa meM kAlabAga parvata taka thA / isa prakAra svAta se jhelama nadI taka kA pradeza gAndhAra ke antargata thaa| jaina-sAhitya meM gAndhAra kI rAjadhAnI 'puNDravardhana' kA ullekha hai aura bauddha-sAhitya meM 'takSazilA' kaa| gAndhAra uttarApatha kA prathama janapada thaa| 1-di enzienTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 104-105 / 2-vahI, pR0 104 / 3-albarUnI'ja iNDiyA, pR0 207 / 4-yUAn cuAGga'sa Trevelsa ina iNDiyA, bhAga 2, pR0 198 / 5-vRhatkalpa sUtra, bhAga 3, pR0 913 / 6-vi ezienTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA (saM0 1871), pR0 48 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 3 bhaugolika paricaya 376 sauvIra . Adhunika vidvAn 'sauvIra' ko sindhu aura jhelama nadI ke bIca kA pradeza mAnate haiM / ' kucha vidvAn ise sindhu nadI ke pUrva meM multAna taka kA pradeza mAnate haiM / 'sindhu-sauvIra' aisA saMyukta nAma hI vizeSa rUpa se pracalita hai| kintu sindhu aura sauvIra pRthaka-pRthaka rAjya the| uttarAdhyayana meM udrAyaNa ko 'sauvIrarAja' kahA gayA hai| TIkA se bhI usakI puSTi hotI hai| usameM udrAyaNa ko sindhu, sauvIra Adi solaha janapadoM kA adhipati batalAyA gayA hai / sugrIva nagara isa nagara kI Adhunika pahacAna jJAta nahIM hai aura prAcIna-sAhitya meM bhI isake vizeSa ullekha nahIM milate / magadha magadha janapada vartamAna gayA aura paTanA jiloM ke antargata phailA huA thaa| usake uttara meM gaMgA nadI, pazcima meM sona nadI, dakSiNa meM vindhyAcala parvata kA bhAga aura pUrva meM campA nadI thii| isakA vistAra tIna sau yojana (2300 mIla) thA aura isameM assI hajAra gA~va the| magadha kA dUsarA nAma 'kIkaTa' thaa| magadha careza tathA kaliMga narezoM ke bIca vamanasya calatA thaa|' kauzAmbI kaniMghama ne isakI Adhanika pahacAna yamunA nadI ke bAe~ taTa para, ilAhAbAda se sIdhe rAste se lagabhaga 30 mIla dakSiNa-pazcima meM sthita 'kosama' gA~va se kI hai| '1-iNDiyA aja DiskrAibDa ina alI TrekTsa oNpha buddhijma eNDa jainijma, pR070| 2-paoNliTikala hisTrI oNpha enzienTa iNDiyA, pR0 507, noTa 1 / 3-uttarAdhyayana, 18048 / 4-sukhabodhA, patra 252 / 5-buddhisTa iNDiyA, pR0 24 / 6-vahI, pR0 24 / 7-vasudevahiNDI, pR0 61-64 / 8-dI enzienTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 454 /

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Si uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana kauzAmbI aura rAjagRha ke bIca aThAraha yojana kA eka mahA araNya thaa| vahA~ balabhadra pramukha kakkaDadAsa jAti ke pA~ca sau cora rahate the| kapila muni dvArA ve pratibuddha hue| - jaba bhagavAn mahAvIra sAketa ke 'subhUmi bhAga' nAmaka udyAna meM vihAra kara rahe the, taba unhoMne apane sAdhu-sAdhviyoM ke vihAra kI sImA kI / usameM kauzAmbI dakSiNa dizA kI sImA-nirdhAraNa nagarI thii| kauzAmbI ke AsapAsa kI khudAI meM aneka zilAlekha, prAcIna mUrtiyA~, AyagapaTTa, guphAeM Adi nikalI haiN| unake sUkSma adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki yaha kSetra jaina-dharma kA pramukha kendra thaa| kaniMghama ne khudAI meM prApta kaI eka pramANoM se ise bauddhoM kA pramukha kendra mAnA hai| parantu kauzAmbo ke jaina-kSetra hone ke viSaya meM sara vinsenTa smitha ne likhA hai-"merA yaha dRr3ha nizcaya hai ki ilAhAbAda jile ke antargata 'kosama' gA~va meM prApta avazeSoM meM jyAdAtara jainoM ke haiN| kaniMghama ne jo inheM bauddha avazeSoM ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai, vaha ThIka nahIM hai| niHsandeha hI yaha sthAna jainoM kI prAcIna nagarI 'kauzAmbI' kA pratinidhitva karatA hai / isa sthAna para, jahA~ mandira vidyamAna haiM, ve Aja bhI mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie tIrtha-sthala bane hue haiN| maiMne aneka pramANoM se siddha kiyA hai ki bauddha-sAhitya kI kauzAmbI kisI dUsare sthala para thii|"3 campA __ yaha aMga janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| kaniMghama ne isakI pahacAna bhAgalapura se 24 mIla pUrva meM sthita Adhunika 'campApura' aura 'campAnagara' nAmaka do gAMvoM se kI hai| unhoMne likhA hai-"bhAgalapura se ThIka 24 mIla para 'patthAraghATa' hai| yahIM yA isake AsapAsa hI cambhA kI avasthiti honI caahie| isake pAsa hI pazcima kI ora eka 1-uttarAdhyayana bRhad vRtti, patra 288-289 / 2-bRhatkalpa sUtra, bhAga 3, pR0 912 / 3-Journal of Royal Asiatic Society, July, 1894. I feel certain that the remains at kosam in the Allahabad District will prove to be Sain, for the most part and not Buddhist as Cunningham supposed. The village undoubtedly represents the Kausambi of the Jains and the site, where temples exist, is still, a place of pilgrimage for the votaries of Mahavira. I have shown good reasons for believing that the Buddhist Kausambi was a different place.

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 3 bhaugaulika paricaya - 381 bar3A gA~va hai, jise campAnagara kahate haiM aura eka choTA gA~va hai jise campApura kahate haiM / saMbhava hai ye donoM prAcIna rAjadhAnI 'campA' ko sahI sthiti ke dyotaka hoN|" 1 __phAhiyAna ne campA ko pATaliputra se 10 yojana pUrva dizA meM, gaMgA ke dakSiNa taTa para sthita mAnA hai / 2 ___sthAnAMga (10 / 717 ) meM ullikhita dasa rAjadhAniyoM meM tathA dIghanikAya meM varNita chaH mahAnagariyoM meM campA kA ullekha hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra campA kA prAcIna nAma 'mAlinI' thaa| mahArAja campa ne usakA nAma parivartita kara 'campA' rkhaa| yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki magadha samrAT zreNika kI mRtyu ke bAda kumAra kUNika ko rAjagRha meM rahanA acchA nahIM lgaa| usane eka sthAna para campaka ke sundara vRkSoM ko dekha kara 'campA' nagara bsaayaa| pihuMDa : . __yaha samudra ke kinAre para sthita eka nagara thaa|' sarapenTiyara ne mAnA hai ki yaha bhAratIya nagara pratIta nahIM hotaa| sambhavataH yaha barmA kA koI taTavartI nagara ho sakatA hai| jekobI ne isakA koI UhApoha nahIM kiyA hai / ___ DaoN0 silavena levI kA anumAna hai ki isI pihuMDa nagara ke lie khAravela ke zilAlekha meM pihuDa (pithuDa), pihuMDaga (pidhuMDaga) nAma AyA hai tathA TAlemI kA 'piTuNDre' bhI pihuMDa kA hI nAma hai| levI ke anusAra isakI avasthiti maisolasa aura mAnadasaina do nadiyoM ke bIca sthita maisoliyA kA antarima bhAga hai| dUsare zabdoM meM godAvarI aura mahAnadI ke bIca kA pulina (Delta) prAcIna pihuMDa hai| ___ DaoN. vimalacaraNa laoN ne likhA hai ki isa nagara kI khoja cikAkola aura kaliMgapaTama ke aMtarima bhAgoM meM nAgAvato (apara nAma lAMguliyA) nadI ke taTIya pradezoM meM karanI caahie| 1-di enzieNTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 546-547 / 2-Trevalsa oNpha phAhiyAna, pR0 65 / 3-mahAbhArata, 12 // 5 // 134 / 4-vividha tIrthakalpa, pR0 65 / 5-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 261 : samuddattIre pihuMDaM nAma ngrN| 6-The Uttaradhyayana Sutra, p. 357. 7-jyogrAphI oNpha buddhijma, pR0 65 / 8-sama jaina kenonikala liTarecara, pR0 146 /

Page #411
382 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana samrAT khAravela kA rAjyAbhiSeka I0 pU0 166 ke lagabhaga huaa| rAjyakAla ke gyArahaveM varSa meM usane dakSiNa deza ko vijita kiyA aura piyuMDa (pRthudakadarbhapurI) kA dhvaMsa . kiyaa|' yaha 'pidhuMDa' nagara 'pihuMDa' honA cAhie / soriyapura yaha kuzAvarta janapada kI rAjadhAnI thii| vartamAna meM isakI pahacAna AgarA jile meM yamunA nadI ke kinAre baTezvara ke pAsa Ae hue 'sUryapura' yA 'sUrajapura' se kI jAtI hai| sorika (soriyapura) nArada kI janmabhUmi thii| sUtrakRtAMga meM eka 'lorI' meM aneka nagaroM ke sAtha 'soriyapura' kA bhI ullekha huA hai|4 dvArakA dvArakA kI avasthiti ke viSaya meM aneka mAnyatAe~ pracalita haiM : (1) rAyasa DeviDsa ne dvArakA ko kamboja kI rAjadhAnI batAyA hai|" (2) bauddha-sAhitya meM dvArakA ko kamboja kA eka nagara mAnA gayA hai| DaoN0 . malalazekhara ne isa kathana ko spaSTa karate hue kahA hai ki sambhava hai yaha kamboja 'kaMsabhoja' ho, jo ki andhakavRSNidAsa putroM kA deza thaa|" (3) DaoN0 motIcandra ne kamboja ko pAmIra pradeza mAna kara dvArakA ko badaravaMzA se uttara meM sthita 'daravAja' nAmaka nagara mAnA hai|' (4) ghaTa jAtaka (saM0 355) ke anusAra dvArakA ke eka ora samudra thA aura dUsarI ora parvata thaa| DaoN0 malalazekhara ne isI ko mAnya kiyA hai| 1-bhAratIya itihAsa : eka dRSTi, pR0 185 / 2-kAlaka-kathAsaMgraha, upodghAta, pR0 52 / 3-Avazyaka cUrNi, uttarabhAga, pR0 194 / 4-sUtrakRtAMga vRtti, patra 119 / 5-Buddhist India p. 28. : Kamboja was the adjoining country in the extreme north-west, with Dvaraka as its capital. 6-petavatthu, bhAga 2, pR. 9 / 7-di DikzanarI oNpha pAlI praoNpara nemsa, bhAga 1, pR0 1126 / 8-jyogrAphikala eNDa ikonaoNmika sTaDIja ina dI mahAbhArata, pR0 32-40 / 9-di DikzanarI oNpha pAlI praoNpara nemsa, bhAga 1, pR0 1125 / /

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383 khaDa 2, prakaraNa : 3 bhaugolika paricaya (5) bharatasiMha upAdhyAya ke anusAra dvArakA saurASTra janapada kA eka nagara thaa| vartamAna dvArikA kasbe se Age 20 mIla kI dUrI para kaccha kI khAr3I meM eka choTA-sA TApU hai, usameM eka dUsarI dvArakA basI huI hai, jise 'beTa dvArikA' kahate haiM / anuzruti hai ki yahA~ bhagavAna kRSNa saira karane AyA karate the| dvArikA aura beTa dvArikA -donoM nagaroM meM rAdhA, rukmiNI, satyabhAmA Adi ke mandira pAe jAte haiN| (6) kaI vidvAnoM ne isakI avasthiti paMjAba meM mAnane kI saMbhAvanA kI hai| (7) DaoN0 ananta sadAziva altekara ne dvArakA kI avasthiti kA nirNaya saMzayAspada mAnA hai| unakA kahanA hai ki prAcIna dvArakA samudra meM DUba gii| (8) Adhunika dvArakApurI prAcIna dvArakA nahIM hai| prAcIna dvArakA giranAra parvata kI talahaTI meM jUnAgar3ha ke AsapAsa basI honI caahie| (9) purANoM ke anusAra yaha bhI mAnA jAtA hai ki mahArAja raivata ne samudra ke bIca meM kuzasthalI nagarI bsaayii| yaha Anarta janapada meM thii| vahI bhagavAna kRSNa ke samaya meM 'dvArakA' yA 'dvAravatI' nAma se prasiddha huii|5|| (10) jaina-sAhitya meM ullekha hai ki jarAsandha ke bhaya se bhayabhIta ho harivaMza meM utpanna dazAha varga mathurA ko chor3a kara saurASTra meM ge| vahA~ unhoMne dvAravatI nagarI bsaaii|6 mahAbhArata meM isI prasaMga meM kahA gayA hai ki jarAsandha ke bhaya se yAdavoM ne pazcima dizA kI zaraNa lI aura raivataka parvata se suzobhita ramaNIya kuzasthalI ( dvAravatI) nagara meM jA bse| kuzasthalI durga kI marammata kraaii| . (11) jaina-Agama meM sAr3he pacIsa Arya-dezoM meM dvArakA ko saurASTra janapada kI rAjadhAnI ___ke rUpa meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai| yaha nagara nau yojana caur3A aura bAraha 1-bauddhakAlIna bhAratIya bhUgola, pR0 487 / 2-baoNmbe gejeTIara, bhAga 1, pArTa 1, pR0 11 kA TippaNa 1 / 3-iNDiyana enTikverI, san 1925, saplimeNTa, pR0 25 / 4-purAtattva, pustaka 4, pR0 108 / 5-vAyupurANa, 6 // 27 // 6-dazavakAlika, hAribhadrIya TIkA, patra 36 / 7-mahAbhArata, samAparva, 14 // 49-51,67 / 8-bRhatkalpa, bhAga 3, pR0 912,914 /

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384 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / yojana lambA thaa| isake cAroM ora patthara kA prAkAra thaa| aisA bhI ullekha hai ki isakA prAkAra sone kA thaa| isake IzAna koNa meM revataka . parvata thaa| isake durga kI lambAI tIna yojana thii| eka-eka yojana para senAoM ke tIna-tIna daloM kI chAvanI thii| pratyeka yojana ke anta meM sau-sau dvAra the| ina saba tathyoM ke adhyayana se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prAcIna dvArakA revataka parvata ke pAsa thii| raivataka parvata saurASTra meM Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| saMbhava hai ki prAcIna . dvArakA isI kI talahaTI meM basI ho aura parvata para eka saMgIna durga kA nirmANa huA ho / __bhAgavata aura viSNupurANa meM ullekha hai ki jaba kRSNa dvArakA ko chor3a kara cale gae taba vaha samudra meM DUba gii| kevala kRSNa kA rAja-mandira bacA rhaa|" jaina-granthoM meM bhI usake Daba jAne kI bAta milatI hai| . jaina-granthoM meM ullekha hai ki eka bAra kRSNa ne bhagavAn ariSTanemi se dvArakA-dahana ke viSaya meM prazna pUchA / usa samaya ariSTanemi palhava deza meM the| ariSTanemi ne kahA"vAraha varSa ke bAda dvIpAyana RSi ke dvArA isakA dahana hogaa|" dvIpAyana parivrAjaka ne yaha bAta logoM se sunii| 'maiM dvArakA-dahana kA nimitta na baneM'-yaha soca vaha uttarApatha meM calA gyaa| kAla kI gaNanA ThIka na kara sakane ke kAraNa vaha bArahavaM varSadvArakA meM aayaa| yAdavakumAroM ne usakA tiraskAra kiyaa| nidAna-avasthA meM mara kara vaha deva banA aura usane dvArakA ko bhasma kara ddaalaa| . dvAravatI-dahana se pUrva eka bAra phira ariSTanemi raivataka parvata para Ae the| jaba dvAravatI kA dahana huA taba ve palhava deza meM the| zrAvastI ___ yaha kozala rAjya kI rAjadhAnI thii| isakI Adhunika pahacAna saheTa-maheTa se kI gaI hai| isameM saheTa goMDA jile meM aura maheTa baharAica jile meM hai| maheTa uttara meM hai 1-jJAtAdharmakathA, pR0 99,101 / 2-bRhatkalpa, bhAga 2, pR0 251 / 3-jJAtAdharmakathA, pR0 99 / 4-mahAbhArata, sabhAparva, 14 / 54-55 / 5-bhAgavata, 11 / 31 / 23 ; viSNupurANa, 5 // 27 // 36 / 6-sukhabodhA, patra 39-40 / 7-dazavakAlika, hAribhadrIya vRtti, patra 36-37 / 8-sukhabodhA, patra 38 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 3 bhaugolika paricaya 385 aura saheTa dakSiNa meM / ' yaha sthAna uttara-pUrvIya relave ke balarAmapura sTezana se pakkI sar3aka ke rAste dasa mIla dUra hai / baharAica se isakI dUrI 26 mIla hai| vidvAn vI0 smitha ne zrAvastI ko nepAla deza ke khajUrA prAnta meM mAnA hai| yaha sthAna bAlapura ke uttara dizA meM aura nepAlagaMja ke pAsa uttara-pUrvIya dizA meM hai / __yUprAn cuAGa ne zrAvastI ko janapada mAna kara usakA vistAra chaH hajAra lI mAnA hai| usakI rAjadhAnI ke lie usane 'prAsAda nagara' kA prayoga kiyA hai aura usakA vistAra bIsa lI mAnA hai / 1-dI enziyaNTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA, pR0 469-474 / 2-jaranala oNpha rAyala eziyATika sosAiTI, bhAga 1, jan 1900 / - 3-yUmAn cuDsa Trevelsa ina iNDiyA, bhAga 1, pR0 377 / 46

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prakaraNa cauthA vyakti paricaya ... isa sUtra meM aneka vyaktiyoM ke nAma ullikhita hue haiN| kaI vyakti itihAsa kI paridhi meM Ate haiM aura kaI prAga-aitihAsika haiM / unakI avikala sUcI tathA paricaya nIce diyA jA rahA hai : mahAvIra (2 / sU0 1) ___ isa avasarpiNI-kAla meM jaina-paramparA ke aMtima tIrthaGkara / nAyaputta (6 / 17) ____ bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vaMza 'nAya'--'jJAta' thA, isalie ve 'nAyaputta' kahalAte the / kapila (adhyayana 8) dekhie.-uttarajjhayaNANi, pR0 65-67 / nami (adhyayana ha) dekhie-uttarajjhayaNANi, pR0 105.108 / ' gautama (adhyayana 10) inake pitA kA nAma vasubhUti, mAtA kA nAma pRthvI aura gotra gautama thaa| inakA janma ( I0 pU0 607 ) gobara-grAma (magadha) meM huaa| inakA mUla nAma indrabhUti thaa| eka bAra madhyama pAvApurI meM Arya somila nAma ke eka brAhmaNa ne vizAla yajJa kiyaa| isameM bhAga lene ke lie aneka vidvAn aae| inameM indrabhUti, agnibhUti aura vAyubhUti--ye tInoM bhAI bhI the| ye codaha vidyAoM meM pAraMgata the| ___ bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI bAraha yojana kA vihAra kara madhyama pAvApurI pahuMce aura gA~va ke bAhara mahAsena nAmaka udyAna meM tthhre| bhagavAn ko dekha saba kA mana Azcarya se bhara gyaa| ____ indrabhUti ko jIva ke viSaya meM sandeha thaa| ve mahAvIra ke pAsa vAda-vivAda karane Ae / unheM apanI vidvattA para abhimAna thaa| unhoMne socA yamasya mAlavo dUre, kiM syAt ko vA vcsvinH| apoSito raso nUnaM, kimajeyaM ca cakriNaH / / -yama ke lie mAlavA kitanA dUra hai ? vacasvI manuSya dvArA kauna-sA rasa (zRGgAra Adi) poSita nahIM hotA ? cakravartI ke lie kyA ajeya hai ? ...,

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khaNDa 2, prekaraNa : 4 vyakti paricaya 37 bhagavAn ne jIva kA astitva saadhaa| indrabhUti ne apane pA~ca sau ziSyoM sahita bhagavAn kA ziSyatva svIkAra kara liyaa| gautama bhagavAn ke prathama gaNadhara the| ye 50 varSa taka gRhastha, tIsa varSa taka chadmastha tathA bAraha varSa taka kevalI paryAya meM rahe aura anta meM anazana kara 62 varSa kI avasthA meM (I0 pU0 515 meM) rAjagRha ke vaibhAragiri parvata para mukta ho ge| ......... ___ jaina-AgamoM meM gautama dvArA pUche gae prazna aura bhagavAn dvArA die gae uttaroM kA sundara saMkalana hai| harikesabala (adhyayana 12) dekhie-uttarajjhayaNANi, pR0 141, 142 / kauzalika (12 / 20) kauzalika kozala deza ke rAjA kA nAma hai| yahA~ kozalika se kauna-sA rAjA abhipreta hai yaha spaSTa ullikhita nahIM hai| kauzalika putrI kI ghaTanA vArANasI meM ghaTita huii| kAzI para kauzala deza kA prabhutva mahAkozala aura prasenajit ke rAjyakAla meM rahA hai| isase yaha anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki kauza lika mahAkozala yA prasenajit ke lie prayukta hai| mahAkauzala ke sAtha kauzalika rASTra kA adhika nikaTa sambandha hai / saMbhava hai yahA~ vaha usI ke lie vyavahRta huA ho| bhadrA (12 / 20) mahArAja kauzalika kI putrii| dekhie-uttarajjhayaNANi, pR0 141, 142 / culagI (13 / 1) ___yaha kAmpilyapura ke rAjA 'brahma' kI paTarAnI aura antima cakravartI brahmadatta kI. mA~ thii| uttarapurANa (73 / 287) meM isakA nAma 'cUr3AdevI' diyA gayA hai| brahmadatta (13 / 1) - isake pitA kA nAma 'brahma' aura mAtA kA nAma 'culaNI' thaa| inakA janmasthAna pAJcAla janapada meM kaMpilyapura thaa| mahAvaggajAtaka meM bhI cUlanI brahmadatta ko pAJcAla kA rAjA mAnA hai / ye aMtima cakravartI the| Adhunika vidvAnoM ne inakA astitva kAla I0 pU0 dasavIM zatAbdI ke Asa-pAsa mAnA hai|' citra, sambhUta (adhyayana 13) dekhie-uttarAjyaNANi, pR0 153-156 / 1-kembrija hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA, bhAga 1, pR0 180 / .......

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385 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana purohita (14 // 3) purohita kA nAma mUla sUtra meM ullikhita nahIM hai| vRtti meM isakA nAma bhRgu batalAyA gayA hai| dekhiye-sukhabodhA, patra 204 / yazA (14 // 3) ___ kuru janapada ke iSukAra nagara meM bhRgu purohita rahatA thaa| usakI patnI kA nAma yazA thaa| usake do putra hue / apane putroM ke sAtha vaha bhI dIkSita ho gii| kamalAvatI (13 // 3) yaha iSukAra nagara ke mahArAja 'iSukAra' kI paTarAnI thii| iSukAra (14 // 3) yaha kuru janapada ke iSukAra nagara kA rAjA thaa| yaha isakA rAjyakAlIna nAma thaa| isakA maulika nAma 'sImaMdhara' thA / anta meM apane rAjya ko chor3a yaha pravajita huaa| bauddha-granthakAroM ne ise 'esukArI' nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| saMjaya (18 / 1) dekhie-uttarajjhayaNANi, pR0 221 / gardamAli (18 / 16) ye jaina-zAsana meM dIkSita muni the| pAJcAla janapada kA rAjA 'saMjaya' inake pAsa dIkSita huA thaa| bharata (18 / 34) ye bhagavAn RSabha ke prathama putra aura prathama cakravartI the| inhIM ke nAma para isa deza kA nAma 'bhArata' pdd'aa| sagara (18 / 35) ye dUsare cakravartI the| ayodhyA nagarI meM jitazatru nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| vaha IkSvAkuvaMzIya thaa| usake bhAI kA nAma sumitravijaya thaa| usake do patniyA~ thIMvijayA aura yshomtii| vijayA ke putra kA nAma ajita thaa| ve dUsare tIrthaGkara hue aura yazomatI ke putra kA nAma sagara thaa| 1-bRhad vRtti, patra 394 / 2-bRhad vRtti, patra 394 / 3-uttarAdhyayana, 14.49 / 4-hastipAla jAtaka, saMkhyA 509 /

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khaMNDa 2, prakaraNa : 4 vyaktigata paricaya 386 maghava (18 / 36) zrAvastI nagarI ke rAjA samudravijaya ko paTarAnI bhadrA ke garbha se inakA janma huaa| ye tIsare cakravartI hue| sanatkumAra (18 / 37) kuru-jAMgala janapada meM hastinApura nAma kA nagara thaa| vahA~ kuruvaMza kA rAjA azvasena rAjya karatA thaa| usakI bhAryA kA nAma sahadevI thaa| usane eka putra ko janma diyaa| usakA nAma sanatkumAra rakhA / ye cauthe cakravartI hue / zAnti (18638) ye hastinApura ke rAjA vizvasena ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma acirA devI thA / ye pA~caveM cakravartI hue aura anta meM apanA rAjya tyAga kara solahaveM tIrthaGkara hue| kunthu (18 / 36) ye hastinApura ke rAjA sUra ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma zrIdevI thaa| ye chaThe cakravartI hue aura anta meM rAjya tyAga kara satrahaveM tIrthaGkara hue| ara (1840) ye gajapura nagara ke rAjA sudarzana ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma devI thaa| ye sAtaveM cakravartI hue aura anta meM rAjya chor3a aThArahaveM tIrthaGkara hue| mahApadma (18 / 41) kuru janapada meM hastinApura nAma kA nagara thaa| vahA~ padmottara nAma kA rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma 'jAlA' thaa| usake do putra hue-viSNukumAra aura mahApadma / mahApadma noveM cakravartI hue / hariSeNa (18 / 42) kAmpilyanagara ke rAjA mahAhariza kI rAnI kA nAma merA thaa| unake putra kA nAma hariSeNa thaa| ve dasaveM cakravartI hue| jaya (18 / 33) . __ ye rAjagRha nagara ke rAjA samudravijaya ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma 'vaprakA' thaa| ye gyArahaveM cakravartI hue / bazArNabhadra (18 / 44) ye dazArNa janapada ke rAjA the / ye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the / (pUre vivaraNa ke lie dekhie-sukhabodhA, patra 250, 251) / karakaNDa 18 / 45) . dekhie 'pratyeka-buddha'-prakaraNa dUsarA / 1-'bharata' se lekara 'jaya' taka ke tIrthaGkaroM tathA cakravartiyoM kA astitvakAla prAga-aitihAsika hai|

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360 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana dvimukha (18 / 45) dekhie-'pratyeka-buddha'-prakaraNa dUsarA / nami (18 / 45) dekhie-'pratyeka-buddha'-prakaraNa dUsarA / nggti(18|45) dekhie-'pratyeka-buddha'-prakaraNa dUsarA / udrAyaNa (18 / 47) ye sindhu-sauvIra janapada ke rAjA the| ye sindhu-sauvIra Adi solaha janapadoM, vItabhaya Adi 363 nagaroM, mahAsena Adi dasa mukuTadhArI rAjAoM ke adhipati the| vaizAlI gaNataMtra ke rAjA ceTaka kI putrI 'prabhAvatI' inakI paTarAnI thii| kAzIrAja (18 / 48) inakA nAma nandana thA aura ye sAtaveM baladeva the| ye varANasI ke rAjA agnizikha ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma jayantI aura choTe bhAI kA nAma datta thaa| vijaya (18 / 46) ye dvArakAvatI nagarI ke rAjA brahmarAja ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma subhadrA thaa| ye dUsare baladeva the| inake choTe bhAI kA nAma dvipiSTha thaa| ___ uttarAdhyayana ke vRttikAra nemicandra ne likhA hai ki "Avazyaka niyukti meM ina do baladevoM-nandana aura vijaya kA ullekha AyA hai| isalie hama usI ke anusAra yahA~ unakA vivaraNa prastuta kara rahe haiN| yadi ye donoM koI dUsare hoM aura AgamajJa-puruSa unheM jAnate hoM to unakI dUsarI taraha se vyAkhyA kreN| isa kathana se itanA saSTa ho jAtA hai ki sUtragata ye donoM nAma usa samaya sandigdha the| zAntyAcArya ne ina donoM para koI UhApoha nahIM kiyA hai| nemicandra ne apanI TIkA meM kucha anizcita-sA ullekha kara chor3a diyA hai| ... yadi hama prakaraNagata krama para dRSTi DAle to hameM yaha lagegA ki sabhI tIrthaGkaroM, cakravartiyoM tathA rAjAoM ke nAma kramazaH Ae haiN| udrAyaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya meM huA thaa| unake bAda hI do baladevoM-kAzIrAja nandana aura vijaya kA ullekha asaMgata-sA lagatA hai| ataH yaha pratIta hotA hai ki ye donoM mahAvIrakAlIna hI koI rAjA hone caahie| jisa zloka (18 / 48) meM kAzIrAja kA ullekha hai. usI meM 'seya' zabda bhI AyA hai| TokAkAroM ne ise vizeSaNa mAnA hai| kaI ise nAmavAcI mAnakara 'seya' rAjA kI ora saMketa karate haiM / Agama-sAhitya meM bhI kahIM 'kAzIrAja seya' kA 1-sukhabodhA, patra 256 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 4 vyaktigata paricaya 361 ullekha jJAta nahIM hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ATha rAjAoM ko dIkSita kiyA thA, aisA ullekha sthAnAMga meM AyA hai / ' usameM 'seya' nAma kA bhI eka rAjA thaa| parantu vaha AmalakalpA nagarI kA rAjA thA, kAzI kA nhiiN| isI ullekha meM 'kAzIrAja zaMkha' kA bhI nAma AyA hai| to kyA zlokagata kAzIrAja se 'zaMkha' kA grahaNa kiyA jAya ? ___ bhagavAna mahAvIra-kAlIna rAjAoM meM 'vijaya' nAmakA koI rAjA dIkSita huA ho-aisA jJAta nahIM hai / polAsapura meM vijaya nAma kA rAjA huA thaa| usakA putra atimuktaka ( aimuttaya ) bhagavAna ke pAsa dIkSita huA-aisA ullekha aMtagaDadazA meM hai| parantu mahArAja vijaya ke pravajita hone kI bAta vahA~ nahIM hai| vijaya nAma kA eka dUsarA rAjA uttarapUrva dizA ke mRgagAma nagara meM huA thaa| usakI rAnI kA nAma mRgA thA / parantu vaha bhI dIkSita huA ho, aisA ullekha nahIM miltaa| mahAbala (1850) ____TIkAkAra nemicandra ne inakI kathA vistAra se dI hai| unhoMne anta meM likhA hai ki vyAkhyA-prajJapti meM mahAbala kI kathA kA ullekha hai| ve hastinApura ke rAjA bala ke putra the| unakI mAtA kA nAma prabhAvatI thaa| ve tIrthaGkara vimala ke paramparAgata AcArya dharmaghoSa ke pAsa dIkSita hue| bAraha varSa taka zrAmaNya kA pAlana kiyaa| mara kara brahmaloka meM utpanna hue| vahA~ se cyuta ho vANijyagrAma meM eka zreSThI ke yahA~ putra rUpa meM utpanna hue| unakA nAma 'sudarzana' rkhaa| ye bhagavAna mahAvIra ke pAsa pravajita hokara siddha hue| yaha kathA vyAkhyAprajJapti ke anusAra dI gaI hai| yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki mahAbala vahI hai yA anya / hamArI mAnyatA ke anusAra yaha ke I dUsarA honA caahie| kyA yaha vipAka sUtra (zruta 1 10 3) meM varNita purimatAla nagara kA rAjA to nahIM hai| kintu vahA~ usake dIkSita hone kA ulekha nahIM hai| ___ saMbhava hai ki yaha vipAka sUtra (zrutra 2, a0 7) meM varNita mahApura nagara kA rAjA 'bala kA putra mahAbala ho| 1-sthAnAMga, 0621 / -antagaDadazA sUtra. vargA 3-vipAka sUtra, zrutaskandha 1, adhyayana 1 / 4-sukhabodhA, patra 259 /

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36 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana .. balabhadra, mRgA aura balazrI (adhyayana 19) balabhadra sugrIvanagara (?) kA rAjA thaa| usakI paTarAnI kA nAma 'mRgA' aura putra kA nAma 'balazrI' thaa| rAnI mRgA kA putra hone ke kAraNa janatA meM vaha 'mRgAputra' ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| dekhie-uttarajjhayaNANi pRSTha 236, 237 zreNika (2012) ___ yaha magadha sAmrAjya kA adhipati thaa| jaina, bauddha aura vaidika-tInoM paramparAoM meM isakI carcA milatI hai| paurANika granthoM meM isakI zizunAgavaMzIya, bauddha-granthoM meM haryata kula meM utpanna aura jaina-granthoM meM vAhIka kula meM utpanna mAnA gayA hai / rAyacaudharI kA abhimata hai ki 'bauddha-sAhitya meM jo haryaGka kula kA ullekha hai vaha nAgavaMza kA hI dyotaka hai| kovela ne ve haryaGka kA artha 'siMha' kiyA, parantu isakA artha 'nAga' bhI hotA hai| prophesara bhaNDArakara ne nAgadazaka meM bimbisAra ko ginAyA hai aura ina sabhI rAjAoM kA vaMza 'nAga' mAnA hai|4 bauddha grantha mahAvaMza meM isa kula ke lie 'zizunAga vaMza' likhA hai / 5 jaina-granthoM meM ullikhita 'vAhIka kula' bhI nAgavaMza kI ora saMketa karatA hai, kyoMki vAhIka janapada nAga jAti kA mukhya kendra thaa| takSazilA usakA pradhAna kArya-kSetra thA aura yaha nagara vAhIka janapada ke antargata thaa| ata: zreNika ko zizunAgavaMzIya mAnanA anucita nahIM hai| bimbisAra zizunAga kI paramparA kA rAjA thA-isa mAnyatA se kucha vidvAn sahamata nahIM haiN| vidvAn gaigara aura bhaNDArakara ne silona ke pAlI vaMzAnukrama ke AdhAra para bimbasAra aura zizunAga ko vaMza-paramparA kA pRthaktva sthApita kiyA hai| unhoMne zizunAga ko bimbasAra kA pUrvaja na mAnakara use uttaravartI mAnA hai|6 vibhinna paramparAoM meM zreNika ke vibhinna nAma milate haiN| jaina-paramparA meM usake do nAma haiM--(1) zreNika aura (2) bhaMbhAsAra / " nAma kI sArthakatA para UhApoha karate 1-bhAgavata mahApurANa, dvitIya ra.NDa, pR0 903 / 2-azvaghoSa buddhacaritra, sarga 11 zloka 2 : jAtasya haryakakule vishaale...| 3-Avazyaka, hAribhadrIya vRtti, patra 677 / 4-sTaDIja ina iNDiyA enTikvITIja, pR0 216 / 5-mahAbaMza, pariccho, gAthA 27-32 / 6-sTaDIja ina iNDiyana enTikvITIja, pR0 215-216 / 7-abhidhAna cintAmaNi 33376 /

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khaNDa : 2, prakaraNa : 4 vyakti paricaya 363 hue likhA gayA hai ki vaha zreNI kA adhipati thA, isalie usakA nAma 'zreNaka' pdd'aa| jaba zreNika bAlaka thA taba eka bAra rAjamahala meM Aga laga gii| zregika bhayabhIta ho kara bhaagaa| usa sthiti meM bhI vaha 'bhaMbhA' ko Aga kI lapaToM se nikAlanA nahIM bhUlA, isalie usakA nAma 'bhaMbhAsAra' pdd'aa| bauddha-paramparA meM isake do nAma pracalita haiM--(1) zreNika aura (2) bimbisAra / zreNika nAmakaraNa kA pUrvokta kAraNa mAnya rahA hai| isake atirikta do kAraNa aura batAe haiM-(1) yA to usakI senA mahatI thI isalie usakA nAma 'seniya' par3A mA (2) usakA gotra 'seniya' thA, isalie vaha 'zreNika' khlaayaa|" ___isakA nAma bimbisAra isalie par3A ki isake zarIra kA mone jaisA raMga thA / / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki tibbata ke granthoM meM isakI mAtA kA nAma 'bimbi' ullikhita milatA hai| ata: ise bimbisAra kahA jAne lgaa| ____ purANoM meM ise ajAtazatru, vidhisAra' kahA jAtA hai / anyatra ise 'viMdhya sena' aura 'subindu' bhI kahA gayA hai / 1-abhidhAna cintAmaNi, svopajJa TIkA, patra 285 / 2--(ka) trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, 10 / 6 / 106-112 / (kha) sthAnAMga vRtti, patra 461 / 3-iNDiyana hisTorikala kvArTI, bhAga 14, aMka 2, jUna 1938, pR0 415 / . 4-vahI, pR0 415 / * 5-dhammapAla-udAna TIkA, pR0 104 / 6-pAlI iMgliza DikzanarI, pR0 110 / 7-iNDiyana hisTorikala kvATI, bhAga 14, aMka 2, jUna 1938, pR0 413 / 8-bhAgavata, dvitIya khaNDa, pR0 903 / ha-vahI, 12 / 1 / 10-bhagavadatta : bhAratavarSa kA itihAsa, pR0 252 / 50

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364 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana - zreNika ke pitA kA nAma 'prasenajita'' aura mAtA kA nAma 'dhAriNI'2 thaa| zreNika ke 25 rAnimoM ke nAma Agama-grantha meM upalabdha hote haiN| ve isa prakAra hai (1) nandA (6) bhadrA (17) kRSNA - (2) nandavatI (10) subhadrA (18) sukRSNA . (3) nandusarA (11) sujAtA (16) mahAkRSNA (4) nandizreNika (12) sumanA (20) vIrakRSNA (5) maruya (13) bhUtadinnA (21) rAmakRSNA . (6) sumaruya (14) kAlI (22) pitRsenakRSNA (7) mahAmaruya (15) sukAlI (23) mahAsenakRSNA (8) marudevA (16) mahAkAlI (24) cellaNA' (25) apatagaMdhA bauddha-granthoM ke anusAra zreNika ke pA~ca sau rAniyA~ thiiN| para kahIM bhI unakA nAmollekha nahIM miltaa| 1-Avazyaka hAribhadrIya vRtti, patra 671 / hariSeNAcArya ne bRhatkala koSa (pR0 78 ) meM zreNika ke pitA kA nAma 'upazreNika' aura mAtA kA nAma 'prabhA' diyA hai| uttarapurANa (74 / 4,8 pR0 471 ) meM pitA kA nAma 'kUNika' aura mAtA kA nAma 'zrImatI' diyA hai / yaha atyanta bhrAmaka hai|| anyatra pitA kA nAma mahApadma, hemajita, kSetrojA, kSetprojA bhI milate haiN| (dekhie-paoNliTikala hisTrI oNpha enzieNTa iNDiyA, pR0 205) / 2-aNuttarovavAiyavazA, prathama varga / 3-antakRddazA, sAtavA~ vrg| 4-Avazyaka pUrNi, uttarAddha, patra 164 / 5-nizItha cUrNi, sabhASya, bhAga 1, pR0 17 / 6-mahAvamA, 8 / 1 / 15 /

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. khaNDa 2, prakaraNe : 4 vyakti paricaya zreNika ke aneka putra the| anuttaropapAtika' tathA nirayAvalikA meM unake nAma isa prakAra haiM (1) jAlI' (10) abhayakumAra (16) mahAdumasena (28) sukRSNakumAra (2) mayAlI (11) dIrghasena (20) sIha (26) mahAkRSNakumAra (3) uvayAlI (12) mahAsena (21) sIhasena (30) vIrakRSNakumAra (4) purisaseNa (13) laSTadaMta (22) mahAsIhasena (31) rAyakRSNakumAra : (5) vAriseNa (14) mUr3hadanta (23) pUrNasena (32) seNakRSNakumAra (6) dIrghadaMta (15) suddhadanta (24) kAlIkumAra (33) mahAseNakRSNakumAra (7) laSTadaMta (16) halla (25) sukAlakumAra (34) kUNika (8) vehalla' (17) duma (26) mahAkAlakumAra (35) naMdisena" (9) vehAyasa (18) dumasena (27) mahAkRSNa kumAra jJAtAdharmakathA meM zreNika kI patnI dhAriNI se utpanna meghakumAra kA ullekha hai| inameM se adhikAMza putra rAjA zreNika ke jIvana-kAla meM hI jina-zAsana meM pravajita ho bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana-kAla meM hI svargavAsI ho ge| jAlI Adi prathama pA~ca kumAroM ne solaha-solaha varSa taka, tIna ne bAraha-bAraha varSa 1-anuttaropapAtikadazA, prathama varga tathA dvitIya varga / 2-nirayAvalikA, 1 / 3-jAlI Adi prathama sAta putra tathA dIrghasena se puNyasena taka ke teraha putra (kula .. 20 putra) dhAriNI se utpanna hue the (dekhie-anuttaropapAtika dazA, varga 4-vehalla aura behAyasa-ye donoM cellaNA ke putra the| 5-abhayakumAra vegAtaTa (Adhunika kRSNA nadI ke taTa para) ke vyApArI kI putrI nandA kA putra thA (anuttaropapAtika dazA, vaga 1) / bauddha-granthoM meM abhaya ko ujjainI kI nartakI 'padmAvatI' kA putra batAyA hai (DikzanarI oNpha pAlI praoNpara nemsa, bhAga 1, pR. 123) / kucha vidvAn ise nartakI AmrapAlI kA putra batAte haiM (DaoN0 lA : TrAisa ina enzieNTa iNDiyA, pR0 328) / 6-kUNika cellaNA kA putra thaa| isakA dUsarA nAma azokacandra thaa| dekhie___ Avazyaka cUrNi, uttarabhAga, patra 167 / 7-triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra, parva 10, saga 6, zloka 320 / 8-jJAtAdharmakathA, prathama bhAga, patra 19 /

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396 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana taka aura antima do ne pAMca-pA~ca varSa taka zrAmaNya kA pAlana kiyaa| isI prakAra . dIrghasena adi 13 kumAroM ne solaha-solaha varSa taka zrAmaNya kA pAlana kiyaa| zrenika kI aneka rAniyA~ bhI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pAsa dIkSita huI thiiN| Agama tathA Agamenara granthoM meM zreNika se sambandhita itane ullekha haiM ki unake adhyayana se yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki vaha jainadharmAvalambI thaa| usakA jIvana bhagavAna mahAvIra kI jIvana-ghaTanAoM se itanA saMpRkta thA ki sthAna-sthAna para bhagavAna ko zreNika kI bAteM kahate pAte haiN| isake aneka putra tathA rAniyoM kA jaina-zAsana meM pravajita honA bhI isI ora saMketa karatA hai ki vaha jaina dharmAvalambI thaa| bauddha-grantha use mahAtmA buddha kA bhakta mAnate haiN| kaI vidvAna yaha bhI mAnate haiM ki mahArAja zreNika jIvana ke pravAI meM jaina rahA hogA, kintu uttarArddha meM vaha bauddha bana gayA thaa| isIlie jana kathA-granthoM meM usake naraka jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| naraka-gamana kI bAta vastu-sthiti kA nirUpaNa hai| isase yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki vaha pahale jaina thA aura bAda meM bauddha ho gyaa| naraka-gamana ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvI tIrthaGkara kA ullekha bhI milatA hai| kaI yaha bhI anumAna karate haiM. ki vaha kisI dharma vizeSa kA anuyAyI nahIM banA kintu jaina, bauddha Adi sabhI dharmoM ke prati samabhAva rakhatA thA tathA saba meM usakA anurAga thaa| - kucha bhI ho jaina-sAhitya meM jisa vistAra se usakA tathA usake parivAra kA varNana milatA hai, vaha anyatra nahIM hai| zreNika kA sampUrNa jIvana tathA AgAmI jIvana kA itihAsa jaina-granthoM meM sanhabdha hai| yadi usakA jainadharma ke sAtha gAr3ha sambandha nahIM hotA to itanA vistRta ullekha jaina granthoM meM kabhI nahIM miltaa| zregika ke jIvana kA vistAra se varNana nirayAvalikA meM hai| isake bhAvI tIrthaGkarajIvana kA vistAra sthAnAMga (6 / 3 / 663) kI vRtti (patra 458-468) meM hai| anAthI muni (2016) ye kauzAmbo nagarI ke rahane vAle the| inake pitA bahuta dhanADhya the| eka bAra 1-aguttaropapAtika dazA, varga 1 / 2-vahI, 60 2 / 3-kaI vidvAn inake pitA kA nAma 'dhanasaMcaya' dete haiN| isa nAmakaraNa kA AdhAra utarAjyayana (2018) meM Ae 'pabhUyadhaNasaMcayo' zabda hai, parantu yaha AdhAra bhrAmaka hai| yaha zabda unake pitA kI ADhyatA kA dyotaka ho sakatA hai na ki nAma kaa| yadi hama nAma ke rUpa meM kevala 'dhanasaMcaya' zabda lete haiM, to 'pabhUya' zabda zeSa raha jAtA hai aura akele meM isakA koI artha hI nahIM raha jaataa| TIkAkAra isa viSaya meM mauna haiN|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 4 vyakti paricaya vacapana meM ye netra-roga se pIr3ita hue| vipula-dAha ke kAraNa sAre zarIra meM bhayaMkara vedanA utpanna huii| catuSpAda cikitsA karAI gaI, para vyartha / bhAI-bandhu bhI unakI vedanA ko baMTA nahIM sake / atyanta nirAza ho, unhoMne socA-'yadi maiM isa vedanA se mukta ho jAU~, to pravrajyA svIkAra kara luuNgaa|' ve roga-mukta ho ge| mAtA-pitA kI AjJA se ve dIkSita hue| eka bAra rAjagRha ke maNDikukSi' caitya meM mahArAja zreNika anAthI muni se mile / 2 muni ne rAjA ko sanAtha aura anAtha kA artha smjhaayaa| rAjA zreNika unase dharma kI anuzAsanA le apane sthAna para lauTa gyaa| mUla grantha meM 'anAthI' kA nAma nahIM hai, kintu prasaMga se yahI nAma phalita hotA hai| pAlita (2111) ___ yaha campA nagarI kA sArthavAha thaa| yaha zramaNopAsaka thaa| nirgrantha pravacana meM ise zraddhA thii| yaha sAmudrika-vyApAra karatA thaa| eka bAra yaha sAmudrika yAtrA ke lie nikalA / jAte-jAte samudra-taTa para sthita 'pihuMDa'4 nagara meM rukaa| vahA~ eka seTha kI lar3akI se byAha karake lauttaa| yAtrA ke bIca use eka putra huaa| usakA nAma 'samudrapAla' rkhaa| jaba vaha yuvA banA taba usakA vivAha 64 kalAoM meM pAraMgata 'rUpiNI' nAmaka eka kanyA se huaa| eka bAra vadha-bhUmi meM le jAne vAle cora ko dekha kara vaha virakta huaa| mAtA-pitA kI AjJA le, vaha dIkSita huA aura karma-kSaya kara mukta ho gyaa| samudrapAla (21 / 4) dekhie -'paalit'| rUpiNI (217) dekhie---'pAlita' / rohiNI (22 / 2) yaha nauveM baladeva 'rAma' kI mAtA, vasudeva kI patnI thii| devakI (22 / 2) yaha kRSNa kI mAtA aura vasudeva kI patnI thii| 1-dIghanikAya, bhAga 2, pR0 91 meM ise 'maddakucchi' nAma se pari ta kiyA hai| 2-DaoN. rAdhAkumuda banarjI (hindU sivilAijezana, pR0 187) ma pukukSa meM rAjA zreNika ke dharmAnurakta hone kI bAta batAte haiN| kintu ve anAthI muni ke sthAna para anagArasiMha (20 / 58) zabda se bhagavAn mahA rIra kA grahaNa karate haiM / parantu yaha bhrAmaka hai| kyoMki svayaM muni (anAthI) apane mu~ha se apanA paricaya deo haiM aura apane ko kauzAmbI kA nivAsI batAte haiN| dekhie-uttarAdhyayana, 2018 / 3-dekhie - uttarAdhdhayana, adhyayana 20 / 4-dekhie-bhaugolika paricaya ke antargata 'pihuMDa' nagara /

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36. uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rAma (22 / 2) dekhie-'rohinnii'| kezava (22 / 2) yaha kRSNa kA paryAya nAma hai| ye vRSNikula meM utpanna hue the| inake pitA kA nAma vasudeva aura mAtA kA nAma devakI thaa| ye ariSTanemi ke cacere bhAI the| samudravijaya (22 / 63) ye soriyapura nagara meM aMdhakakula ke netA the| unakI paTarAnI kA nAma zivA thaa| usake cAra putra the--(1) ariSTanemi, (2) rathanemi, (3) satyanemi aura (4) dRDhanemi / ' ariSTanemi bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara hue aura rathanemi tathA satyanemi pratyeka buddha hue| zivA (22 / 4) dekhie - 'smudrvijy'| ariSTanemi (22 / 4). ye bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara the| ye soriyapura nagara ke rAjA samudravijaya ke putra the| inakI mAtA kA nAma zivA thA / ye gautama gotriya the| kRSNa inake cacere bhAI the aura AyuSya meM inase bar3e the| rAjImatI (22 / 6) ___ yaha bhojakula ke rAjanya ugrasena kI putrI thii| isakA vaivAhika sambandha ariSTanemi se taya huA thaa| kintu vivAha ke ThIka samaya para ariSTanemi ko vairAgya ho AyA aura ve muni bana gae / rAjImato bhI, kucha kAla bAda, pravajita ho gii| viSNupurANa (4 / 14 / 21) ke anusAra unasena ke cAra putriyA~ thIM-kaMsA, kaMsavatI, sutanu aura raassttrpaalii| saMbhava hai 'sutanu' rAjImatI kA hI dUsarA nAma ho / uttarAdhyayana (22 / 37) meM rathanemi rAjamatI ko 'sutanu' nAma se sambodhita karate haiM / vAsudeva (22 / 8) kRSNa kA paryAyavAcI nAma hai| vasAracakra' (22 / 11) dasa yAdava rAjAoM ko 'dasAra' kahA jAtA hai| ve ye haiM(1) samudravijaya (6) acala (2) akSobhya (7) dharaNa (3) stimita (8) pUraNa (4) sAgara (6) abhicanda (5) himavAn (10) vasudeva 1-vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhie-'uttarAdhyayana-TippaNa', pR0 160-961 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 4 vyakti paricaya 361 rathanemi (22 / 34) ye andhakakula ke netA samudra vijaya ke putra the aura tIrthaGkara ariSTanemi ke laghu-bhrAtA the| ariSTanemi ke pravajita ho jAne para ve rAjImatI meM Asakta ho ge| para rAjImatI kA upadeza suna kara ve saMbhala gae aura dIkSita ho ge| eka bAra puna: raivataka parvata para varSAM se pratAr3ita sAdhvI rAjImatI ko eka guphA meM kapar3e sukhAte samaya nagna avasthA meM dekha, ve vicalita ho gae / sAdhvI rAjImatI ke upadeza se ve saMbhala gae aura apane vicalana para pazcAttApa karate hue cale ge|' bhojarAja (22 / 43) ___ jaina-sAhitya ke anusAra 'bhojarAja' zabda rAjImatI ke pitA unasena ke lie prayukta hai| andhakavRSNi (22 / 43) harivaMzapurANa ke anusAra yaduvaMza kA udbhava harivaMza se huaa| yaduvaMza meM narapati nAma kA rAjA thaa| usake do putra the-(1) zUra aura (2) suvIra / suvIra mathurA meM rAjya karatA thA aura zUra zauryapura kA rAjA bnaa| andhaka-vRSNi Adi 'sUra' ke putra the aura bhojanakavRSNi Adi suvIra ke / andhakavRSNi kI mukhya rAnI kA nAma subhadrA thaa| usake dasa putra hue-. . (1) samudravijaya (6) acala (2) akSobhya (7) dhAraNa (3) sthimiti sAgara (8) pUraNa (4) himavAn (6) abhicandra (5) vijaya (10) vasudeva . ye dasoM putra dazAha nAma se prasiddha hue| andhakavRSNi ke dokanyAeM thIM-(1) kuntI aura (2) mdrii| bhojakavRSNi kI patnI kA nAma padmAvatI thaa| usake ugrasena, mahAsena aura . * devasena2-ye tIna putra hue / unake eka gAndhArI nAma kI putrI bhI huii| ariSTanemi, rathanemi Adi andhakavRSNi rAjA samudravijaya ke putra the| kRSNa Adi andhakavRSNi vasudeva ke putra the| vaidika purANoM meM inakI vaMzAvalI bhinna-bhinna prakAra se dI gaI hai| 1-sukhabodhA, patra 277-78 / 2-uttarapurANa, (70 / 10) meM inakA nAma mahAdyutisena diyA hai| 3-dekhie-harivaMzapurANa, 18 // 6-16 / 4-uttarapurANa, 70 / 101 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana pUre vistAra ke lie dekhie-pArajITara : ezieNTa iNDiyana hisTorikala TreDIzana, pRSTha 104 -107 / pArza (23:1) ye jaina-pa marA ke teIsaveM tIrthaGkara the| inakA samaya I0 pU0 AThavIM zatAbdI hai / ye bhagavAn mahAvora se 250 varSa pUrva hue the| ye 'puruSAdAnIya' kahalAte the / kumAra-anaga kezI (23 / 2) ye bhagava n pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke cauthe paTTadhara the| prathama paTTadhara AcArya zubhadatta hue| unake uttarAdhikArI AcArya haridatta sUri the, jinhoMne vedAnta darzana prasiddha AcArya 'lohiya' se zAstra rtha kara unako pA~ca sau ziSyoM sahita dIkSita kiyaa| ina navadIkSita muniyoM ne saurASTra, telaMgAdi prAntoM meM vihAra kara jaina-zAsana ko prabhAvanA kii| tIsare paTTadhara Aca:ya rAmu ravijaya sUri the| unake samaya meM videzI' nAmaka eka pracAraka AcArya ne ujjA nagarI meM mahAgaja jayasena, unakI rAnI anaMgasundarI aura unake rAjakumAra kezo ko dIkSA kiyaa|' ye hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke tIrtha-kAla meM pArzva-paramparA ke AcArya the| Age cala kara inhoMne nAstika rAjA paradezI ko samajhAyA aura use jaina-dhana meM sthApita kiyA / - pUre vivaraNa ke lie dekhiye-uttarajjhayaNAgi, Amukha pRSTha 266-302 / baddhana (23 / 5) ye caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara the| inake pitA kA nAma siddhArtha aura mAtA kA nAma trizalA thA / inakA samaya I0 pU0 chaThI zatAbdI thaa| jayaghoSa, vijayaghoSa (2511) vArANasI nagarI meM jayaghoSa aura vijayaghoSa nAma ke do bhAI rahate the| ve kAzyapagotrIya the| ve yajana, yAjana, adhyayana, adhyApana, dAna aura pratigraha-- ina chaH kAryoM meM rata the aura cAra vedoM ke jJAtA the| ve donoM yugalarUpa meM jnme| jayaghoSa pahale dIkSita haa| phira usane vijayaghoSa ko pratrajita kiyaa| donoM zrAmaNya kI ArAdhanA kara siddha, vuddha, mukta hue| gAgya (27 / 1) ye sthavira AcArya garga gotra ke the| jaba unhoMne dekhA ki unake sabhI ziSya avinota, uddaNDa aura ucchRGkhala ho gaye haiM, taba AtmabhAva se prerita ho, ziSya samudAya ko chor3a kara, ve akele ho gaye aura AtmA ko bhAvita karate hue viharaNa karane lge| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhie-uttarAdhyayana kA 27 vA~ adhyayana / 1-samarasiMha, pR0 75-76 / 2-nAbhinandanoddhAra prabandha, 136 /

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pA~cabA~:prakaraNa 1-nikSepa-paddhati nikSepa niyuktikAlIna vyAkhyA-paddhati kA mukhya aMga hai| zabda aneka arthoM meM prayukta hote haiN| unake aprastuta arthoM kA agrahaNa aura prastuta artha kA bodha nikSepa ke dvArA hI hotA hai| aprastuta arthoM kI vyAkhyA meM tat tat zabda se sambandhita aneka jJAtavya bAteM prasphuTita hotI haiN| isa dRSTi se nikSepa-paddhati kA aitihAsika mUlya bhI bahuta hai| pratyeka zabda kA nikSepa kiyA jA sakatA hai aura usase sambandhita samanna viSayoM kI vyAkhyA karaNIya hai, kintu niyukti va anya vyAkhyAoM meM itane nikSepa prApta nahIM haiN| mukhya-mukhya zabdoM ke hI nikSepa batalAe gae haiN| unameM se kucheka zabdoM ke nikSepa yahA~ udAharaNa rUpa meM prastuta kie jA rahe haiM : 1-aMga ___ isakA artha hai vibhaag| yaha cAra prakAra kA hai-(1) nAma-aMga, (2) sthApanAaMga, (3) dravya-aMga aura (4) bhaav-ag| dravya-aMga ke chaH prakAra haiM- (ka) gandha-aMga (kha) auSadha-aMga (ga) maca-aMga (gha) Atoca aMga (Ga) zarIra-aMga (ca) yuddha-aMga . (ka) gaMdha-aMga usa samaya meM netrabAlA, priyaMgu, tamAlapatra, dhyAmaka aura cAturjAtika-saja, ilAyacI, tejapattA aura nAgakesara-ina dravyoM ko pIsa kara eka cUrNa banAyA jAtA thaa| usameM camelI kI bhAvanA dene se vaha gandha-dravya karor3a mUlya kA arthAt bahumUlyavAna ho jAtA thaa| cAra tolA khazakhaza, cAra tolA hADabera, eka tolA devadAru, cAra tolA sauMpha, cAra tolA tamAlapatra-ina sabako pIsa kara milAne se eka prakAra kA gandha-cUrNa banatA thaa| yaha cUrNa vazIkaraNa ke lie prayukta hotA thaa| jo vyakti vazIkaraNa kA prayoga karanA cAhatA thA, vaha isa cUrNa ko lagA snAna karatA aura isIkA vilepana karatA thaa| 1-bhaiSajyaratnAvalI, paribhASA prakaraNa, zloka 19 : svagelApatrakettulyaistrisugandhi niyAtakam / nAgakesarasaMyuktaM, cAturjAtikamUcyate //

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402 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vaha apane kapar3oM meM bhI isI cUrNa kI gandha detA thaa| itanA kara lene para vaha jisako vaza .. meM karane kI icchA karatA, vaha vyakti svayaM usakI ora AkRSTa ho jAtA thaa| rAjA caNDapradyota kI putrI vAsavadattA ne rAjA udayana ko vaza meM karane ke lie isI cUrNa kA prayoga kiyA thaa| (kha) auSadha-aMga ___ piNDaharidrA, dAruharidrA, indrayava, suMTha, pippalI, marIca, ArdrA aura bela kI jar3aina sAta dravyoM ko eka sAtha pIsa kara usameM pAnI DAla guTikA banAI jAtI thii| isa guTikA ke prayoga se khujalI, timira roga, arddhaziroroga, samasta sira kI vyathA, tIna yA cAra dina ke antara se Ane vAlA jara-ye sabhI roga tathA cUhe, sarpa Adi ke daMza isa guTikA se zAnta ho jAte the| (ga) madya-aMga ___ solaha sera drAkSA, cAra sera' dhAya ke puSpa aura DhAI sera ikSu rasa-inako milAkara madya banAyA jAtA thaa| (gha) Atodya-aMga . mukundA nAma kA vAdya akelA hI apane gambhIra svara ke kAraNa tUrya kA kAma kara detA thA, isalie vaha Atodya kA viziSTa aMga mAnA jAtA thaa| isakI viziSTAMgatA ko samajhAne ke lie niyuktikAra ne do udAharaNa prastuta kie haiM, jaise-(1) abhimAra nAmaka vRkSa kA kASTha agni-utpAdaka zakti ke kAraNa agni kA viziSTa aMga hai aura (2) zAlmalI vRkSa kA phUla, bar3A hone ke kAraNa, akelA hI baccoM kA mukuTa bana jAtA hai / (Ga) zarIra-aMga ___ zarIra ke aMga ATha haiM-zira, ura, udara, pITha, do bAhu aura do Uru / zarIra ke upAMga gyAraha haiM-karNa, nAsA, akSi, jaMghA, hasta, pAda, nakha, keza, zmazru, aGguli aura oSTha / (ca) yuddha-aMga isake ATha aMga haiM-yAna, AvaraNa, praharaNa, kauzala, nIti, dakSatA, vyavasAya aura zarIra kA Arogya / ( inake vistRta varNana ke lie dekhie--sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke antargata yuddha-prakaraNa) 1-bRhadvRtti (patra 143) kA abhimata hai ki yaha mAna mAgadya-deza kA hai| 2-uttarAdhyayana niyukti, tathA 152 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 nikSepa-paddhati 403 bhAva-aMga ke do prakAra haiM-1-zruta-aMga aura 2-noshrut-aNg| . . . . .. 1-zruta aMga ke bAraha prakAra haiM-(1) AcArAMga, (2) sUtrakRtAMga, (3) sthAnAMga, (4) samavAyAMga, (5) bhagavatI, (6) jJAtAdharmakathA, (7) upAsakadazA, (8) antakRddazA, (9) anuttaropapAtikadazA, (10) praznavyAkaraNa, (11) vipAka aura (12) dRSTivAda / (2) nozruta-aMga ke cAra prakAra haiM (1) mAnuSya- mnussytaa| ( 2 ) dharmazruti- dharma kA zravaNa ( 3 ) zraddhA- dharma karane kI abhilaassaa| ( 4 ) vIrya- tapa aura saMyama meM zakti / ' isake chaH prakAra haiM(ka) nAmakaraNa (gha) kSetrakaraNa. (kha) sthApanAkaraNa (Ga) kAlakaraNa aura (ga) dravyakaraNa (ca) bhAvakaraNa dravyakaraNa isake do prakAra haiM: (1) saMjJAkaraNa-jisakI kriyA ke anugata saMjJA ho, jaise- 'kaTakaraNa' arthAt kaTa niSpAdaka upakaraNa, 'arthakaraNa' arthAt sikkA DhAlane kA tthppaa| (2) no-saMjJAkaraNa-jisakI saMjJA kriyA ke anurUpa rUr3ha na ho| * kSetrakaraNa kSetra-AkAza ke binA kucha bhI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie dravyakaraNa ko bhI avakAza ko pradhAnatA ke kAraNa 'kSetrakaraNa' kahA jAtA hai, jaise-ikSukSetrakaraNa, zAlikSetrakaraNa, tilakSetrakaraNa / 1-(ka) uttarAdhyayana niyukti, gAthA 144-156 / (kha) uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 92,93 / (ga) bRhadvRtti, patra 141-144 /

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104 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayane kAlakaraNa jisa dravya kI jitane kAla pramANa meM niSpatti hotI hai, usake lie vaha 'kAlakaraNa' . hai| jaise-~bhojana pakAne meM eka muhUrta lagatA hai to bhojana kI niSpatti meM vahI 'kAlakaraNa' hai| jyotiSa ke pA~ca aMga haiM-(1) tithi, (2) nakSatra, (3) vAra, (4) yoga aura (5) karaNa / karaNa kA sambandha kAla se hai / kAlakaraNa ke gyAraha prakAra haiM(1) bava (2) bAlava (3) kaulava (4) strIvilocana (5) garAdi (6) vaNija (7) vRSTi (8) zakuni (6) catuSpada (10) nAga (11) kiMstughna inameM prayama sAta 'cala' aura antima cAra 'dhruva' haiN| pratyeka kA samaya cAra-cAra prahara kA hai| kRSNapakSa kI caturdazI ke dina rAta meM 'zakuni', amAvasyA ke dina meM 'catuSpada', rAtri meM 'nAga' aura pratipadA ke dina 'kiMstughna'-ye cAra karaNa avasthita rUpa se hote haiN| bhAvakaraNa isake do prakAra haiM-ajIvakaraNa aura jIvakaraNa / ajIvakaraNa pA~ca prakAra kA hai-(1) pA~ca prakAra ke varNa, (2) pA~ca prakAra ke rasa, (3) do prakAra ke gandha, (4) ATha prakAra ke sparza aura (5) pA~ca prakAra ke saMsthAna / jIvakaraNa do prakAra kA hotA hai-(1) zrutakaraNa aura (2) nozrutakaraNa / zrutakaraNa ke do bheda haiM-(1) baddha aura (2) abaddha / baddha kA artha hai-zruta meM nibddh| isake do prakAra haiM-(1) nizItha aura (2) bhanizItha / nizItha-jisako ekAnta meM par3hA jAtA hai yA jisakI vyAkhyA ekAnta meM kI jAtI hai| nizItha ke do prakAra haiM (1) laukika- bRhadAraNyaka Adi / (2) lokottara- nizItha sUtra Adi /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 nikSepa-paddhati 405 anizItha ke do prakAra haiM-- (1) laukika- purANa Adi / (2) lokottara- AcArAMga Adi / abaddha ke do prakAra haiM (1) laukika-battIsa aDiDayA, chattIsa paccaDDiyA, solaha karaNa aura pA~ca saMsthAna / (2) lokottara--arhat-pravacana meM pA~ca sau Adeza abaddha haiM / inakA aGga yA upAGga meM kahIM bhI ullekha nahIM miltaa| jaise (ka) marudevA atyanta sthAvara (pUrvakAla meM sthAvarakAya se aniHsRta ) hokara siddha huii| (kha) svayambhUramaNa samudra meM matsya aura padma ke valaya-varjita sabhI saMsthAna hote haiN| (ga) viSNukumAra maharSi ne lakSa yojana pramANa kI zarIra-vikurvaNA kI thii| (gha) ativRSTi ke kAraNa 'kuNAlA' kA nAza huA aura usake bAda tIsare varSa sAketa nagarI meM 'karuDa' aura 'kuruDa' ( bRhadvRtti ke anusAra 'kuruDa' aura 'vikuruDa') nAmaka muniyoM kA maraNa huA aura ve atyanta azubha adhyavasAyoM ke kAraNa sAtaveM naraka meM ge| (Ga) kuNAlA nagarI ke vinAza ke terahaveM varSa meM zramaNa bhagavAna mahAvIra ko kevala-jJAna kI niSpatti huI, Adi Adi / nozrutakaraNa do prakAra kA hai (1) guNakaraNa- __tapaHkaraNa aura saMyama-karaNa / ..(2) yojanAkaraNa- mana, vacana aura kAyA kA vyApAra / ' 3-saMyoga jisake sAya yA jisameM 'yaha merA hai'-aisI buddhi hotI hai, use athavA AtmA ke sAtha ATha karmoM ke sambandha ko 'saMyoga' kahate haiN| isake chaH prakAra haiM(1) nAma-saMyoga (4) kSetra-saMyoga (2) sthApanA-saMyoga (5) kAla-saMyoga (3) dravya-saMyoga (6) bhAva-saMyoga dravya saMyoga do prakAra kA hai-(1) saMyukta dravya-saMyoga aura (2) itaretara dravyasaMyoga / itaretara dravya saMyoga ke chaH prakAra haiN| unameM eka prakAra hai-sambandhana-saMyoga / 1-(ka) uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 103-108 / (kha) bRhavRtti, patra 194-205 /

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406 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana saMbaMdhana saMyoga cAra prakAra kA hai (1) dravya-sambandhana saMyoga / (2) kSetra-sambandhana saMyoga / (3) kAla-sambandhana saMyoga / (4) bhAva-sambandhana saMyoga / dravya-sambandhana saMyoga tIna prakAra kA hai (1) sacitta dravya sambandhana saMyoga(ka) dvipada- putra ke saMyoga se 'putrI' / (kha) catuSpada- gAya ke saMyoga se 'gomAna' / (ga) apada- ArAma ( bagIce ) ke saMyoga se 'aaraamikaa'| panasa ke saMyoga se 'panasavAn' / (2) acitta dravya-sambandhana saMyoga-kuNDala ke saMyoga se 'kuNDalI' / (3) mizra dravya-sambandhana saMyoga- ratha para car3hakara jAne vAle ko 'rathika' kahA jAtA hai| kSetra-sambandhana saMyoga do prakAra kA hotA hai (1) anapita (avishess)| (2) arpita (vizeSa) surASTra se sambandhita 'saurASTraka' / mAlava se sambandhita 'mAlavaka' / magadha se sambandhita 'mAgadha' / kAla-sambandhana saMyoga ke do prakAra haiM (1) anarpita (2) arpita-vasantakAla se sambandhita ko 'vAsantika' kahA jAtA hai| bhAva-sambandhana saMyoga do prakAra kA hai (1) Adeza- audayika Adi bhAva / (2) anAdeza- chaH bhAvoM meM se koI eka bhAva / 4-para-saMyoga isake cAra prakAra haiM (1) dravya-bAhya saMyoga- daNDa ke saMyoga se 'dnnddii'| (2) kSetra-bAhya saMyoga- araNya meM paidA hone vAlA 'araNyaja' aura nagara meM paidA hone vAlA 'nagaraja' kahalAtA hai|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 nirukta 407 (1) kAla-bAhya saMyoga- dina meM paidA hone vAlA 'dinaja' aura rajanI meM paidA hone vAlA 'rajanIja' kahalAtA hai| (2) tadubhaya saMyoga- (ka) dravya krodhI-daNDa rakhane vAlA krodhI hotA hai| (kha) kSetra krodhI-mAlava aura surASTra meM rahane ____vAlA krodhI hotA hai| (ga) kAla krodhI-vasanta meM paidA hone vAlA yA vasanta meM krodhI hotA hai|' uparyukta nikSepa meM cUrNikAra aura bRhadvRttikAra-donoM ne bahuta vistAra se aneka avAntara bhedoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| hamane kevala saMkSepa meM unakA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA hai| 2-nirukta nirukta kA artha hai-zabdoM kI vyutpatti-paraka vyaakhyaa| isa paddhati meM zabda kA mUlasparzI artha jJAta ho sakatA hai / Agama ke vyAkhyAtmaka-sAhitya meM isa paddhati se zabdoM para bahuta vicAra huA hai| unakI chAna-bIna se zabda kI vAstavika prakRti ko samajhane meM bahuta sahArA milatA hai aura artha sahI rUpa meM pakar3A jAtA hai| uttarAdhyayana cUrNi meM aneka nirukta diye gaye haiN| unakA saMkalana zabda-bodha meM sahAyaka hai| uttarAdhyayana cUrNi ke kucha nirUkta ye haiM : paNDita- pApADDInaH paNDitaH / (pR. 28) 'sya jAteti paNDitaH / (pR0 40) kSudra- kSaNatIti kSudraH / / kalyANa-- kalyaM AnayatIti kalyANam / (pR0 41) vavahAra- vivihaM vA paharaNaM vividho vA apahAraH vavahAraH / (pR0 43) Atura- atyartha taratItyAturaH / medhAvI- merayA dhAvatIti medhaavii| (pR0 57) nAga- nAsya kiJcidagamyaM nAgaH / (pR0 56) . saMgrAma- samaM asata iti saMgrAmaH / (pR0 56) namantaM grasatIti saMgrAmaH / (pR0 184) 1-(ka) uttarAdhyayana cUNi, pR0 21-24 / (kha) bRhadvRtti, patra 20-40 /

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408 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nigama (pR0 66) (pR0 70) (pR0 72) samaNasaMjatapANitRNaprajJA Atapa paGkaphala nAtra karo vidyate iti nagaram / nayantIti nigmaaH| maNaM dArayatIti daarunnH| samo samvatthamaNo jassa bhavati sa smnno| samma jato sNjto| pAteti pibati vA teNeti paannii| taratIti tRNam / prajJAyate anayA iti prajJA / prAgeva jJAyate anayeti prjnyaa| AtApyate yena sa aatpH| tanotyaso tanyate vA tantuH / patantyasminniti pngkH| phalatIti phalam / dihyatIti deham / manasi zete mnussyH| virAjayatyanenaiva vIriyaM / cIyata iti kAya: / sajyate yatra sa saGgaH / nayanazIlo naiyAyikaH / yuvati juSanti vA tAmiti yoniH / kSIyate iti kSetram / pUrayatIti pUrvam / vasanti tasmin iti vastu / AvarSatIti varSaH / dayati iti dAsaH / majjati majjanti vA tamita mitram / pAtayate tamiti pApam / pAsayati pAtayati vA pApam / dAnamAnakriyayA baghnAtIti bandhuH / dIpyate iti dIpaH / muhyate yena sa mohH| padyate aneneti padam / (pR0 72) (pR0 74) .' (pR0 74) (pR0 77) (pR0 210) (pR0 76) (pR0 79) (pR0 76) (pR0 83) (pR0 86) (pR0 66) (pR0 66) (pR0 66) (pR0 67) (pR068) (pR0 101) (pR0 101) (pR0 101) (pR0 101) (pR0 101) manuSyavIriya-- kAya-- saGganaiyAyikayonikSetrapUrvavastuvarSadAsamitrapApa bandhu (pR0 102) (pR0 110) (pR0 152) (pR0 112) (pR0 114) (pR0 115) (pR0 117) dIpa

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 nirukta . .. 406. jIvita-jIvyate yena tajjIvitam / (pR0-117) azva- aznAti praznute vA adhvAnamiti ashvH| (pR0 122) sthAvara- tiSThantIti sthAvarAH / .(pR0 132) mAMsa- manyate sa bhakSayitA yenopamuktena balavantamAtmAnamitimAMsam / (pR0 133) puNya puNAtIti puNyam / ... (pR. 136) mikSAka- bhikSAM Akuriti bhikSAkaH / (pR0 138) gRhI- dharmArthakAmAn gRhNAtIti gRhii| (pR. 138) vrata- viyata iti vratam / (pR0 138) viva divyati tasmin iti divam / (pR0 138) piMDolaga- piMDesu dIyamANesu olaMti piNddolgaa| (pR0 138) aMga aMgyate anena iti aGgam / (pR0 136) rAti rAtIti rAtiH / (pR0 136) chavi chAdayati chAdayanti vA tamiti chidyate vAso chviH| (pR0 139) dIrgha dIryante iti diirghH| (pR0 140) dIrghate vA dIrghaH / (pR0 153, 154) eti yAti vA tasmin iti AyuH / (pR0 140) yaza aznute lokeSviti yazaH / (pR. 140) niggaMya nAsya graMtho vidyata iti nimranthaH / (pR0 146) nirgato vA granthato niggNtho| (pR0 146) vidyA vidyata iti vidyaa| (pR0 147) puruSa pibati prINAti cAtmAnamiti puruSaH / (pR0 147) pUrNo vA sukhaduHkhAnAmiti puruSaH / (pR0 147) puruSu zayanAd vA puruSaH / (pR0 147) mitra mejjato meyanti vA taditi mitram / (pR0 146) mAtA mAtayati manyate vA'sau mAtA / (pR0 150) mimIte minoti vA putradharmAniti maataa| (pR0 150) pitA pAti bibharti vA putramiti pitA / (pR0 150) snuSA sneheti snavanti vA tAmiti snussaa| (pR0 150) bhAryA bibharti bhayate vAsau bhAryA / (pR0 150) putra punAtIti putraH / (pR0 150) punAti pibati vA putraH / (pR0 180) Ayu

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : pazu- pazyatIti pazuH / (pR0 151). pAtra- pAti jIvAnAmAtmAnaM vA teneti pAtram / (pR0 152) piNDa- piNDayati taM iti piNDaH / pAza- pazyatIti pAzaH / / (pR0 157) Aesa- AesaM jANatitti Aiso Aveso vaa| (pR0 158) Avizati vA vezmani, tatra Avizati vA gatvA ityAesA / (pR0 158) odana- utatti udatti vA tamiti odanam / (pR0 158) anna- aGganti tasminniti aGganam / (pR0 158) guru- gRNAtIti gIryate vA guruH / (pR0 161) samudra- samaMtAd atIva uttA pRthivI sarvatasteneti samudraH / (pR0 166) dhIra- dhAtIti dhIraH / (pR0 167) niHzreyasa- niyataM nizcitaM vA zreyaH niHzreyasam / (pR0 167) kalaha- kalAbhyo hIyate yena sa kalahaH / (pR0 167) AmiSa- yat sAmAnyaM bahubhiH prArthyate tad AmiSam / (pR0 172) manyu- mathyate iti manthaH / (pR0 175) gaNDa- gacchatIti gaNDam / (pR0 176) pezala- priyaM karotIti pezalaH / (pR0 177) prAsAda- prasIdanti asmin jaNasya nayanamanAMsi iti prAsAdaH / (pR0 181) gRha- gRhNAtIti gRham / (pR0 181) muni- manute manyate vA jagati trikAlAvasthAbhAvAniti muniH / (pR0 182) mopura- gobhiH pUryata iti gopuram / (pR0 182) dhanu- ghnanti tena dhArayanti vA dhanuH / (pR0 183) keyaNa- kIrati taM keyaNaM / (pR0 183) adhyA- atti prANAnityadhvA / (pR0 183) mAsa- mIyate tamiti mAsaH / (pR0 184) ghora- ghUrNate asya bhayaM ghorAH / (pR0 184) ghUrNata iti ghoraH / (pR0 208) maNi- manyate iti maNiH / (pR0 185) rocate taditi rUpam / (pR0 185) parvata- parvatIti parvataH / (pR0 185) pRthvI- prathate pRthati vA tasyAM pRthivI / (pR0 185) viSa- veveSTi viSNAti vA viSam / (pR0 185)

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 nirukta duma- dosu mAto dumo| tIrtha- tIryate tAryate vA tIrtham / visUcikA-sUciriva vidadhatIti visucikA / AtaGka- vividhairduHkhai vizeSarAtmAnamaGkayatIti AtaGkaH / dhana- dadhAti dhIyate vA dhanam / dhIyate dhIyante vA'neneti prANina iti dhanam / Alaya- AlIyante tasminnityAlayaH / grAma- grasati buddhyAdIn guNAniti grAmaH / Asa- asse tti asseti asati ya Asu pahAti tti aaso| kuMjara ku-bhUmI taM jaretI kaMjaraM / hari- harati hriyate vA hriH| nAma- nayati nIyate vA nAma / upadhi- upadadhAti tIrtham upadhiH / upakaraNa-- upakarotItyupakaraNam / AzA- AzaMsanti tmityaashaa| pAMzu- pazyati pAzayati vA pAMzuH / sthala- tiSThati tasminniti sthalama / gir- gIyate girati gRNAti vA giraa| bRhati vA aneneti brhm| mahAn- mahanti tamiti mahAn / parAkrama- parataH krAmatIti parAkramaH / ' yakSa- naiti kSayamiti yakSAH / giri- gRNAti giranti vA tasmin girIH / pani- pAti tAmiti patniH / nakha- .. na kSIyanti nakhAH / akSi- aznoti iti akSiH / pataMga- paMtaM patantIti ptNgaa| aggi- aggaNaM aggii| khanyate tat khananti vA tat mukham / jihvA- jAyate jayati jinati vA jihvA / netra- nayatIti netram / kASTha- kazyatIti kASTham / 411 (pR0 187) (pR0 160) (pR0 161) (pR0 161) (pR0 162) (pR0 205) (pR0 163) (pR0 163) (pR0 198) (pR0 166) (pR0 203) (pR0 203) (pR0 204) (pR0 204) (pR0 204) (pR0 204) (pR0 205) (pR0 206) (pR0 207) (pR0 207) (pR0 208) (pR0 208) (pR0 208) (pR0 208) (pR0 208) (pR0 206) (pR0 206) (pR0 206) (pR0 206) (pR0 206) (pR0 209) (pR0 209)

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yUpa mRga nagahaMsa zvapAkasatyanara- sthalIbhujaGgadvijauragasatkAramukharIsthaviragaNadhara- iyati rakSati vA arthH| yuvanti tenAtmanaH samucchritena yuupaa| mRgyate iti mRgaH / na gacchatIti ngH| hasantIti hNsaaH| gAM gacchatIti gnggaa| zvayati svasiti vAcA punaH paJcatIti zvapAkAH / sadbhyo hitaM satyam / nRtyata iti naraH / sthAlAyAlaM sthlii| bhujAbhyAM gacchatIti bhujaGgaH / do vArA jAtA dvijAH / ureNa gacchatIti uragaH / zobhanaH kAraH stkaarH| mukhena arimAvahatIti mukhrii| . sthirIkaraNAt sthaviraH / gaNaM dhArayatIti gaNavaraH / (pR0 210) (pR0 211) (pR0 214) (pR0 214) (pR0 214) (pR0 214) (pR0 215) (pR0 215) (pR0 216) (pR0 216) (pR0 226) (pR0 231) (pR0 231) (pR0 236) (pR0 245) (pR0 270) (pR0 270) 3-sabhyatA aura saMskRti uttarAdhyayana kI racanA aneka-kartRka hai| usakA racanA-kAla vIra-nirvANa kI pahalI zatAbdI se dasavIM zatAbdI taka kA hai| isake mukhya vyAkhyA-grantha cAra haiM (1) niyukti- dvitIya bhadrabAhu (vikrama kI chaThI shtaabdii)| (2) cUrNi- gopAlika mahattara ziSya (vikrama kI sAtavIM shtaabdii)| (3) bRhadvRtti-vAdivetAla zAnti sUri (vikrama kI gyArahavIM shtaabdii)| (4) sukhabodhA-nemicandrasUri (vikrama kI bArahavIM shtaabdii)| prastuta adhyayana mUla Agama tathA ukta vyAkhyA-granthoM ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| isase prAgamakAlIna tathA vyAkhyAkAlIna sabhyatA aura saMskRti ke vividha rUpa hamAre sAmane prastuta hote haiN|

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413 kheNDa 2, prakaraNaM : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti rAjA aura yuvarAja sAmudrika-zAstra ke anusAra cakra, svastika, aMkuza Adi cihna rAjA ke lakSaNa mAne jAte the| chatra, cAmara, siMhAsana Adi rAja-cihna the / rAjA sarvazakti-sampanna vyaktitva hotA thaa| sAmAnyataH rAjA kA uttarAdhikArI usakA jyeSTha putra hotA thaa| yadi jyeSTha putra virakta ho jAtA to choTe putra ko rAja- siMhAsana de diyA jAtA thaa| kabhI-kabhI samajhadAra va vayaHprApta hue binA hI rAjA loga apane putra ko yuvarAja pada de dete the| acalapura ke rAjA jitazatru ne apane putra ko zizuvaya meM hI yuvarAja banA diyA thA / rAjakumAra jaba durvyasanoM meM phaMsa jAte, to rAjA unheM deza-nikAlA de dete the| ujjanI kA rAjaputra mUladeva sabhI kalAoM meM nipuNa thaa| kintu use juA khelane kA vyasana thaa| rAjA ne use ghara se nikAla diyA / zaMkhapura ke rAjA sundara kA rAjakumAra 'agaDadatta' thaa| vaha madya, mAMsa, Adi sabhI vyasanoM meM pravINa thA / eka bAra usane nagara meM kucha gar3abar3I paidA kara dii| rAjA ne use deza-nikAlA de diyaa| kaI rAjA gokula-priya hote the| rAjA karakaNDu ke pAsa aneka gokula the| usake pAsa lambe sIMgavAlA eka gandha-vRSabha thaa|" antaHpura rAjAoM ke antaHpura meM aneka rAniyA~ hoto thiiN| ve bArI-bArI se rAjA ke vAsa-bhavana meM jAtI thiiN| kaJcanapura ke rAjA vikramayazA ke pA~ca sau rAniyA~ thiiN| kabhI-kabhI rAjA loga sundara gRhiNiyoM ko balAt apane antaHpura meM le Ate the| eka bAra kaJcanapura meM nAgadatta nAmaka sArthavAha kI sundara patnI viSNuzrI ko rAjA ne 1-bRhad vRtti, patra 489 / 2-vahI, patra 99 / 3-sukhabodhA, patra 59 / 4-vahI, patra 84: re ! re ! bhaNaha kumAraM, sigdhaM ciya vajjiUNa maha visayaM / annatya kuNasu gamaNaM, mA bhaNasu ya ja na kahiyaM ti|| 5-vahI, patra 135 / 6-vahI, patra 142: egegA vAraeNa raeNIya rAiNo vAsamavaNe Agacchai / 7-vahI, patra 239 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana apane antaHpura meM rakha liyaa| nAgadatta ne bahuta anunaya kiyaa| rAjA ne Agraha nahIM chor3A / anta meM vaha apanI patnI ke viyoga meM mara gayA / ' nyAya choTI-choTI bAtoM kA mAmalA rAjakula meM le jAyA jAtA thaa| karakaNDu aura kisI brAhmaNa-kumAra ke bIca eka bA~sa ke DaNDe ko lekara jhagar3A ho gyaa| donoM rAjakula meM upasthita hue| donoM ke tarka sunane ke bAda rAjA ne nirNaya diyA ki bA~sa karakaNDu ko de diyA jAe kyoMki vaha usake dvArA saMrakSita zmazAna meM ugA huA hai / . .. kara-vyavasthA usa samaya aThAraha prakAra ke kara pracalita the| kara vasUla karane vAle ko 'suMkapAla' (saM0 zulkapAla) kahA jAtA thaa| vyApArI loga zulka se bacane ke lie apanA mAla chipAte the| acala nAma kA eka vyApArI jaba pArasakula se dhana kamAkara venyAtaTa AyA to vahA~ ke rAjA vikrama ko rAjI rakhane ke lie hiraNya, suvarNa aura motiyoM se bhare thAla lekara vaha rAjA ke pAsa gyaa| rAjA ne use baiThane ke lie Asana diyaa| acala ne kahA-"rAjan ! maiM pArasakula se AyA huuN| Apa merA mAla jA~cane ke lie vyaktiyoM ko bheje|" rAjA apane paMcajanoM ke sAtha gyaa| acala ne apane jahAjoM meM mAla dikhaayaa| rAjA ne pUchA-"itanA hI hai ?" acala ne kahA"hA~ ! sArA mAla boroM meM thaa|" rAjA ne sArA mAla tulvaayaa| paMcoM ne use taulaa| bhAra se, pairoM ke prahAra se tathA bA~sa ke dvArA cheda karane se unheM yaha patA lagA ki isa mAla ke bIca aura koI sAra-vastu hai| rAjA ne apane AdamiyoM ko Adeza diyA ki isa acala ko bA~dho, yaha pratyakSa cora hai| rAjA ne sAre bore khulvaae| kisI meM sonA, kisI meM cA~dI, kisI meM maNi-muktA aura kisI meM pravAla niklaa| rAjA sAre vAhanoM ko apane ArakSakoM ke adhikAra meM dekara calA gyaa| rAjA yA jamIMdAra gA~va meM pratyeka vyakti se binA pArizramika die hI kAma karAte the / bArI-bArI se sabako kArya karanA par3atA thA / ' 1-sukhabodhA, patra 239 / 2-vahI, patra 134 / / 3-bRhadvRtti, patra 605 / 4-sukhabodhA, patra 71 / 5-vahI, patra 64-65 / 6-bRhavRtti, patra 553 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti 415 rAjA ke putra-janma aura rAjyAbhiSeka ke avasara para janatA ko kara-mukta kiyA jAtA thaa| aparAdha aura daNDa ___ aparAdhoM meM caurya-karma pramukha thaa| coroM ke aneka varga yatra-tatra kAryarata rahate the| logoM ko coroM kA AtaMka sadA banA rahatA thaa| rAjA coroM ke damana ke lie sadA prayatnazIla rahate the| coroM ke prakAra uttarAdhyayana meM pA~ca prakAra ke coroM kA ullekha hai (1) AmoSa- dhana-mAla ko lUTane vAle / (2) lomahAra- dhana ke sAtha-sAtha prANoM ko lUTane vAle / (3) granthei-bhedaka- granthi-bheda karane vaale| (4) taskaraH- - pratidina corI karane vAle / ' (5) kaNNuhara- kanyAoM kA apaharaNa karane vAle / 2 lomahAra bahuta krUra hote the| ve apane Apako bacAne ke lie logoM kI nRzaMsa hatyA kara dete the| gRnthi-bhedaka 'ghurgharaka' (?) tathA vizeSa kaiMciyoM se gA~ThoM ko kATakara dhana curAte the| - kaI cora dhana kI taraha strI-puruSoM ko curA le jAte the| eka bAra ujjanI ke sAgara seTha ke putra ko kisI cora ne curAkara mAlava ke eka rasoie ke hAtha beca diyA / 4 - cora itane niSThura hote the ki ve curAyA huA apanA mAla chipAne ke lie apane kuTumbI janoM ko bhI mAra dete the| eka cora apanA sArA dhana apane ghara ke eka kueM meM rakhatA thaa| eka dina usakI patnI ne dekha liyA, to usane socA, kahIM bheda na khala jAe isalie usane apanI patnI ko mAra kara kueM meM DAla diyaa| usakA putra cillaayaa| logoM ne use pakar3a liyaa| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 9 / 28 ; sukhabodhA, patra 149 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 7.5 / 3-sukhabodhA, patra 149 / 4-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 174 : ___ ujjeNIe sAgarassa suto corehiM hariuM mAlavake sUyagArassa hatthe vikkiito| 5-sukhabodhA, patra 81 /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . . . usa samaya ke cora nAnA prakAra kI seMdha lagAte the| uttarAdhyayana vRtti meM kaI prakAra kI seMdhoM kA ullekha huA hai-(1) kapizIrSAkAra, (2) kalazAkRti, (3) nandAvarta saMsthAna, (4) padmAkRti, (5) puruSAkRti aura (6) zrIvatsa saMsthAna / daNDa-vyavasthA usa samaya daNDa-vyavasthA kaThora thii| eka bAra vArANasI ke rAjA zaGkha ne kisI aparAdha para apane mantrI namucI ke pracchanna-vadha kI AjJA de do| podanapura ke purohita vizvabhUti ke do lar3ake the--kamaTha aura marubhUti / eka bAra kamaTha apane choTe bhAI kI patnI meM Asakta ho gyaa| bAta rAjA taka phuNcii| rAjA ne kamaTha ke gale meM miTTI ke zarAvoM kI mAlA pahanA, gadhe para biThA, 'yaha akRtyakArI hai'aisI ghoSaNA karate hue sAre nagara meM ghumA, use nirvAsita kara diyA / __eka bAra indra-mahotsava ke utsava para eka rAjA ne apane nagara ke sabhI nAgarikoM ko upasthita hone ke lie khaa| sabhI loga ekatrita hue| kintu eka purohita-putra vezyA ke ghara meM chipa gyaa| jaba rAjA ko patA lagA to use zUlI-vadha kA daNDa diyA gyaa| usake pitA purohita ne rAjA se bahuta anunaya kiyA aura apanI sArI sampatti dene kI arjI kI kintu rAjA ne use nahIM chodd'aa| * aparAdhiyoM ko cANDAloM ke muhalle meM rahane kA bhI daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| coroM kI atikrUratA para unake vadha kA Adeza diyA jAtA thaa| manuSyoM kI hatyA karane para vyaktiyoM ko maraNa-daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| guptacara usa samaya choTe-choTe rAjya hote the| pratyeka rAjya meM guptacara sakriya rahate the| eka rAjya se dUsare rAjya meM jAte samaya 'guptacara' kI sambhAvanA se sAdhu bhI pakar3a lie jAte the| 1-bRhadvRtti, patra 207 / 2-vahI, patra 215 / 3-sukhabodhA, patra 186 / 4-vahI, patra 286 / 5-bRhadvRtti, patra 211 / 6-sukhabodhA, patra 191 / 7-bRhadvRtti, patra 156 / 8-vahI, patra 207 / 9-vahI, patra 122 //

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.eDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti 427 niHsvAmika dhana niHsvAmika dhana para rAjA kA adhikAra hotA thaa| kuru janapada ke usukAra nagara ke rAjA iSukAra ne apane bhRgu purohita ke sAre parivAra ke pravajita ho jAne para usakA sArA dhana apane khajAne ke lie ma~gavAyA thaa|' vyUha-racanA bhAratIya yuddha-nIti kA pramukha aGga rahA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya meM bhI vaha paddhati pracalita thii| jaba ujjainI kA rAjA caNDapradyota aura kAmpilya ke rAjA dvimukha ke bIca meM yuddha huA taba usameM caNDapradyota ne garUDa-vyUha aura dvimukha ne sAgara-vyUha kI racanA kI thii| yuddha ke nau aGga mAne jAte the (1) yAna (4) kauzala (7) vyavasAya (2) AvaraNa (5) nIti (8) paripUrNAGga zarIra (3) praharaNa (6) dakSatA (6) Arogya -- cUrNikAra ne inakI vyAkhyA meM likhA hai ki yadi yuddha meM yAna-vAhana na hoM to becAre paidala sainika kyA kareMge ? yAna-vAhana hoM aura AvaraNa ( kavaca ) na hoM to senA surakSita kaise raha sakatI hai ? AvaraNa hoM aura praharaNa na hoM to zatru ko parAjita nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| praharaNa hoM aura unako calAne kA kauzala na ho to yuddha nahIM lar3A jA sktaa| kauzala hone para bhI yuddha kI nIti (pIche haTane yA Age bar3hane ) ke abhAva meM zatru ko nahIM jItA jA sktaa| nIti ke hone para bhI dakSatA ( zIghra nirNAyakatA ) ke binA saphalatA prApta nahIM hotii| dakSatA hone para bhI vyavasAya (kaThora zrama ) na ho to yuddha nahIM lar3A jA sktaa| ina sabakA AdhArabhUta hai, zarIra kA paripUrNAGga aura svastha honaa| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 14 // 37 / 2-sukhabodhA, patra 136 / raio garuDavUho pajjoeNa, sAyaravyUho domuhenn| ... 3-uttarAdhyayana niyukta, gAthA 154 / / jANAvaraNapaharaNe juddhe kusalattaNaM ca nII / ..... dakkhattaM vavasAo sarIramAroggayA ceva // ..... 4-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 93 /

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418 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana yuddha meM parAjita rAjAoM ke sAtha sAdhAraNa sainika-sA vyavahAra bhI kara liyA jAtA thaa| dvimukha ne caNDapradyota ko bandI banA pairoM meM ber3iyA~ DAla dI thiiN|' yuddha meM caturaGgiNI senA kA niyojana kiyA jAtA thaa| zastra prastuta sUtra meM aneka zastroM kA nAmollekha huA hai| ve zastra yuddha meM kAma Ate the| (1) api-talavAra / yaha tIna prakAra kI hotI thii| asi- lambI talavAra / khaDga-- choTI talavAra / RSTi3- dudhArI talavAra / (2) bhallI-eka prakAra kA bhAlA, brthii| (3) paTTisa- isake paryAya-nAma tIna haiM-khuropama, lohadaNDa, tIkSNadhAra / inake AdhAra para usakA AkAra yaha banatA hai jo khurape ke AkAra vAlA lohadaNDa tathA tIkSNa dhAra vAlA hotA hai, use paTisa kahA jAtA hai| (4) musaMDI- yaha lakar3I kI banI hotI hai aura isameM lohe ke kA~Te jar3e hue hote haiN| (5) zataghnI-yAntrika topaa| inake atirikta mudgara, zUla, muzala, cakra, gadA Adi ke nAma bhI milate haiN| surakSA ke sAdhana nagara kI surakSA ke lie jo sAdhana kAma meM lie jAte the, unameM se kucheka ke nAma prastuta sUtra meM milate haiM - prAkAra dhUli athavA iMToM kA koTa / gopura pratolIdvAra yA nagara-dvAra / aTTAlikA prAkAra-koSThaka ke Upara Ayodhana sthAna arthAt burja / utsUlaka khAiyA~ yA Upara se Dhake garta / garta pAnI se bhare rahate the| 1-sukhabodhA, patra 136 / baMdhiUNa pajjoo pavesimo nayaraM / dilaM calaNe kaDayaM / 2-uttarAdhyayana 1812 / 3-zeSanAmamAlA, 148,16 / 4-vRhadvRtti, patra 311 //

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khaNDaM 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti 416 antardezIya vyApAra bhAratIya vyApArI antardezIya vyApAra meM dakSa the| ve kirAnA lekara bahuta dUra-dUra taka jAte th| sArthavAha-putra acala yahA~ se vAhanoM ko bhara kara pArasakula (IrAna) gyaa| vahAM sArA mAla beca kara venyAtaTa para aayaa|' campA nagarI kA vaNika pAlita campA se naukAoM meM mAla bhara kara rAste ke nagaroM meM vyApAra karatA huA 'pihuNDa'2 nagara meM phuNcaa| bhArata meM ratnoM kA vizAla vyApAra hotA thaa| videzI loga yahA~ ratna kharIdane AyA karate the| pArasakula ke vyApArI bhI yahA~ ratna khar3Idane Ate the| eka bAra eka vaNika ke putroM ne videzI vaNikoM ke hAtha sAre ratna beca diye the| jaba vyApArI dUra deza vyApAra karane jAte taba unheM rAjA kI anumati prApta karanI par3atI thii| cammA nagarI ke suvarNakAra kumAranandI ne paMcazailadvIpa ke lie prasthAna kI ghoSaNA se pUrva vahA~ ke rAjA kI anumati prApta kI aura use suvarNa Adi bahumUlya upahAra pradAna kiye / jo mAla dUra dezoM se AtA thA, usakI jA~ca karane ke lie vyaktiyoM kA eka vizeSa samUha hotA thaa|6 ___ aneka amIra loga milajula kara ghRta ke ghar3oM se gAr3I bhara nagaroM meM becane ke lie jAte the| bar3e nagaroM meM kUtrikApaNa hote the| vahA~ sabhI prakAra kI vastue~ prApta hotI thiiN|| inakI tulanA Adhunika koopareTiva sToroM se kI jA sakatI hai| vyApArI loga bailoM, bhaiMsoM Adi para mAla lAda kara sArtha ke rUpa meM calate the| 1-sukhabodhA, patra 64 / 2-dekhie-bhaugolika paricaya ke antargata pihuNDa ngr| 3-uttarAdhyayana, 2112 / 4-bRhadvRtti, patra 147 : . rayaNANi videsIvaNiyANa hatthe vikkIyANi / 5-sukhabodhA, patra 252 / 6-vahI, patra 65 / 7-vahI, patra 51 / -vahI, patra 73 / 6-havRtti, patra 605 //

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ... zilpI varga ra vyApAriyoM kA eka varga thA 'zilpI vrg'| zilpI varga ke loga nAnA prakAra ke . kalAtmaka va jIvanopayogI vastuoM kA nirmANa karate aura unheM becakara apanI AjIvikA calAte the| usa samaya luhAra varga kA kArya unnati para thaa| ve loga khetI-bArI ke lie kAma meM Ane vAle hala, kudAlI Adi tathA lakar3I kATane ke vasUlA, pharasA Adi banAkara becate the| nagaroM meM sthAna-sthAna para luhAra kI zAlAe~ hotI thiiN| kSaura-karma ke lie nAI. . kI dukAne yatra-tatra milatI thiiN| kumbhakAra aneka prakAra ke kumbha taiyAra karate the (1) niSpAvakuTa- dhAnya bharane ke ghdd'e| (2) tailakuTa taila ke ghdd'e| - (3) ghRtakuTa: ghI ke ghdd'e| sikkA vastu-vinimaya ke sAtha-sAtha sikkoM kA lena-dena bhI calatA thaa| usa samaya ke pramukha sikke ke the (1) kArSApaNa: (2) viMzopaka rupaye kA bIsavA~ bhaag| (3) kAkiNI tA~be kA sabase choTA sikkaa| viMzopaka kA cothA bhAga tathA rupae kA 80vA~ bhaag| (4) kor3I bIsa kor3iyoM kI eka kaakinnii| (5) suvarNamASaka choTA sikkaa| rupayA 1-uttarAdhyayana, 36 / 75 / 2-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 37 // 3-bRhadvRtti, patra 57 / 4-sukhabodhA, patra 73 / 5-bRhavRtti, patra 209 / / 6-vahI, patra 276 / 7-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 161 / 8-uttarAdhyayana, 7 / 11 / 9-vRhadvRtti, patra 272 / 10-sukhabodhA, patra 124 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti 421 dInAra eka bAra eka dramaka ne majadUrI kara hajAra kArSApaNa kmaae| usane eka sArthavAha ke sAtha apane gA~va kI ora prasthAna kiyaa| usane kArSApaNa ko bhunAyA aura usase aneka kAkiNiyA~ prApta kii| vaha rAste meM bhojana ke lie pratidina eka-eka kAkiNI kharca karatA thaa| ____ eka bAra rAjA ne eka kArpaTika ko bhojana karAkara use yugalaka aura dInAra dekara bhejA thaa| ___eka AbhIrI ne eka vaNika se rupae dekara ruI lI thii| yAna-vAhana usa samaya mukhyarUpa se yAtAyAta ke lie do sAdhana the- jalamArga ke lie nokA aura jahAja tathA sthala mArga ke lie zakaTa-bailagAr3I, ratha, hAthI, ghor3A aura uuNtt| __ dvIpoM se jitanA vyApAra hotA thA, vaha naukAoM aura jahAjoM se hotA thaa| vyApArI apanA mAla bhara kara naukAoM dvArA dUra-dUra dezoM meM jAte the| kabhI-kabhI rAste meM naukA TUTa jAtI aura sArA mAla pAnI meM baha jaataa| jahAja ke valayamuva meM praviSTa hone kA bahuta Dara rahatA thaa| eka-eka, do-do vyaktiyoM kI yAtrAeM bahuta kama hotI thiiN| jaba kabhI bar3e-bar3e sArthavAha yAtrA meM nikalate taba unake sAtha dUsare vyakti bhI ho jAte the| isa prakAra eka-eka sArthavAha ke sAtha hajAroM vyakti calate the| isase rAste kA bhaya bhI kama rahatA thA aura saba apane-apane sthAna para surakSita pahu~ca jAte the|" zivikA meM bhI loga Ate-jAte the| yaha puruSoM dvArA vahana kI jAtI thii| rAjAmaharAjA aura samRddha loga isakA vizeSa upayoga karate the|6 adhikatara loga paidala Ate-jAte the| isIlie yaha pada pracalita thA-'paMtha samA natthi jraa| 1-bRhadvRtti, patra 276 / 2-vahI, patra 146 : ...juvalayaM vINAro ya dinnnno| 3-vahI, patra 209 / 4-sukhabodhA, patra 252 / 6-bRhadvRtti, patra 277 // 5-vahI, patra 67 / 7-sukhabodhA, patra 17 //

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422 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana / AkheTa karma rAjA loga AkheTa-karma meM bahuta rasa lete the| jaba ve zikAra ke lie jAte taba. caturaMgiNI senA se sajja hokara, ghor3e para baiTha prasthAna karate the| mukhyataH hiraNoM. kA zikAra kiyA jAtA thaa|2 unako pakar3ane ke lie 'pAza' aura 'kUTajAla' kAma meM lie jAte the / pakSiyoM kA zikAra bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| unako pakar3ane ke lie 'bAja' zikSita kie jAte the| jAla aura vajralepa kA bhI upayoga hotA thaa|4 ____ machaliyA~ pakar3ane kA bhI bahuta pracalana thA / unako pakar3ane ke do sAdhana the-baDiza aura jAla / jaba jAla meM machaliyA~ pha~sa jAtIM, taba use khIMca liyA jAtA / baDiza makara ke AkAra ke hote the| pazu usa samaya kampoja deza meM AkIrNa aura kanthaka ghor3e bahuta hI prasiddha the| AkIrNa-zIla, rUpa, bala Adi guNoM se vyApta / kanthaka- kharakharAhaTa yA zastra-prahAra se nahIM cauMkane vaale| ye donoM prakAra ke ghor3e calane meM bahuta teja hote the / uttarAdhyayana meM aneka sthAnoM para 'gali-azva' kA bhI ullekha AtA hai / ve durvinIta hote the| unheM calAne yA rokane meM bhI cAbuka kA prayoga karanA par3atA thaa| - yuddhoM meM va rAjA kI savArI ke lie hAthI kA upayoga hotA thaa| rAjA loga apanI putriyoM ko vivAha meM hAthI aura ghor3e bhI dete the| hAthI tAna sunane ke rasika hote the| hAthI ko vaza meM karane ke lie samucita zikSA dI jAtI thii| eka bAra eka rAjakumAra ne apane pradhAna hAthI, jo unmatta hokara jana-samUha ko asta kara rahA thA, ko zAstra-vidhi se vaza meM kara liyaa| 1-uttarAdhyayana, 28 / 1,2 / 2-vahI, 98 / 3 / 3-vahI, 16 / 63 / 4-vahI, 19065 / 5-vahI, 19 / 64 ; bRhadvRtti, patra 460 / 6-bRhadvRtti, patra 348 / 7-vahI, patra 40 / 8-sukhabodhA, patra 88 / 6-vahI, patra 247 / 10-vahI, patra 247 : satyamaNiehi karaNehiM nIo samaM /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti 423 hAthiyoM ko zaGkha aura zRGkhalAoM se alaMkRta karate the|' ___ kaI vyakti vINA-vAdana meM itane nipuNa hote the ki unakI vINA ke svara ko sunakara hAthI bhI jhUmane laga jAte / 2 hAthI vibhinna prakAra ke hote the| gandhahastI hAthiyoM meM zreSTha mAnA jAtA thaa| usakA upayoga yuddha-sthala meM kiyA jAtA thaa| usake mala-mUtra meM itanI gandha hotI thI ki usase dUsare sabhI hAthI madonmatta ho jAte the| vaha jidhara jAtA, sArI dizAeM gandha se mahaka uThatI thiiN| pradyota ke pAsa nalagiri nAma kA aisA hI eka hAthI thaa| rAjA loga azvavAhanikA ke lie ghor3oM para savAra hokara jAte the| pazuoM kA bhojana pazuoM ko kaNa, odana aura yavas ( mUMga, ur3ada Adi dhAnya ) die jAte the / ghor3oM ko yavas aura tuSa vizeSa rUpa se diye jAte the / cAvaloM kI bhUsI athavA cAvala mizrita bhUsI puSTikAraka tathA suara kA priya bhojana thaa| .. janapada janapada aneka bhAgoM meM vibhakta the| unake vibhAjana ke hetu the--(1) kara-paddhati, (2) vyavasAya, (3) bhaugolika sthiti aura (4) prAkAra / 1-bRhadvRtti, patra 11 / . 2-sukhabodhA, patra 60 / 3-vahI, patra 254 tattha nalagiriNA muttapurIsANi mukkANi / teNa gandheNa hatthI ummttaa| taM ca visaM gandho ei...| 4-vahI, patra 103 / 5-uttarAdhyayana, 71 / 6-sukhabodhA, patra 96 / 7-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 27 /

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424 uttarAdhyayana eka : samIkSAtmaka-adhyayana janapada kA mukhya bhAga (1) grAma kRSaka Adi logoM kA nivAsa sthAna / (2) nagara kara-mukta vstii| (3) rAjadhAnI- janapada kA mukhya nagara / (4) nigama- vyApArika nagara / (5) Akara- khAna kA samIpavartI gA~va, mjduur-bstii| (6) pallI- bIhar3a sthAna meM hone vAlI bastI, coroM kA nivAsa sthAna / (7) kheTa jisake reta kA prAkAra ho, vaha bstii| (8) karbaTa choTA ngr| (6) droNamukha- jahA~ jala aura sthala donoM nirgama aura praveza ke mArga hoM / vRttikAra ne isa prasaMga meM bhRgukaccha aura tAmralipti kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| (10) pattana- (ka) jalapattana-jalamadhyavartI dviip| (kha) sthalapattana-nirjala bhU-bhAga meM hone vaalaa| vRttikAra ne jalapattana ke prasaMga meM kAnandvIpa aura sthalapattana ke prasaMga meM mathurA kA udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai| (11) maDaMba - jisake DhAI yojana taka koI dUsarA gA~va na ho / (12) saMbAdha jahA~ cAroM vargoM ke logoM kA ati mAtrA meM nivAsa ho| (13) Azramapada- taaps-nivaas| (14) vihAra--- jahA~ devagRha yA bhikSuoM ke nivAsa sthAna vipula mAtrA meM hoN| (15) sanniveza- yAtrA se Aye hue manuSyoM ke rahane kA sthAna / (16) samAja- aisA sthAna jahA~ pathikoM kA AvAgamana adhika ho / (17) ghoSa AbhIroM kI bstii| (18) skandhAvAra- sainika chAvanI, Urdhva bhU-bhAga para hone vAlA sainika nivAsa / (19) sArtha vyApArI samUha kA vizrAma-sthAna / (20) saMvarta bhayabhIta logoM kA surakSA-sthAna / ' 1-bRhadvRtti, patra 605 /

Page #454
- 425 khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti 425 prAsAda-gRha makAna aneka prakAra ke hote the / rAjAoM yA samRddha logoM ke gRha 'prAsAda' kahalAte the| ve sAta yA usase adhika maMjiloM ke hote the| unakI bhittiyA~ sone-cAMdI kI hotI thIM aura khambhe maNi-muktAoM se alaMkRta kie jAte the / ' rAjaprAsAdoM ke A~gaNa maNi aura ratnoM se jaTita hote the| eka ora aise prAsAda tathA dhanavAnoM ke gRhoM kI zreNiyA~ thIM to dUsarI ora nirdhana vyaktiyoM kI bastiyA~ bhI thiiN| ve bahuta gaMdI hotI thiiN| unake gRha-dvAra jIrNa caTAI se DhaMke jAte the| jharokhe vAle makAnoM kA pracalana thaa| usameM baiTha kara nagarAvalokana kiyA jAtA thaa| kaI bar3e makAnoM meM bhohare bhI hote the| kevala bhUmi-gRhoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| ___ isa sUtra meM pA~ca prakAra ke prAsAdoM kA ullekha huA hai-(1) uccodaya, (2) madhu, (3) karka, (4) madhya aura (5) brahma / / 'varddhamAnagRha' aura 'bAlaggapoiyA' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai|" vAstusAra meM gharoM ke cauMsaTha prakAra batalAe haiN| unameM tIsarA prakAra varddhamAna hai| jisake dakSiNa dizA meM mukhavAlI gAvIzAlA ho, use 'varddhamAna' kahA gayA hai| bAlaggapoiyA kA artha hai-'candrazAlA' yA 'jalAzaya meM nirmita laghu prAsAda / aTavI aura udyAna rAjagRha nagara ke pAsa aThAraha yojana lambI eka mahAaTavI thI, jahA~ balabhadra pramukha pA~ca sau cora nivAsa karate the| ve pathikoM ko pakar3a-pakar3a kara apane saradAra ke pAsa le jAte the| . / 1-bRhad vRtti, patra 110 / 2-vahI, patra 110 / .3-vahI, patra 451 / 4-vahI, patra 60 / 5-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 101 / 6-uttarAdhyayana, 13 / 13 / 7-vahI, 9 / 24 / -vAstusAra 82, pR0 38 / -9-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 123 / 10-sukhabodhA, patra 125 /

Page #455
uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana prastuta sUtra tathA vRtti meM aneka udyAnoM ke nAma ullikhita hue haiM (1) kAmpilya meM- kesara udyAna (1901) / (2) rAjagRha meM- maNDikukSo udyAna (2012) / (3) zrAvastI meM- tinduka udyAna (23 / 4) / koSThaka udyAna (238) / (4) ujjanI meM- snapana udyAna (bRhad vRtti, patra 46) / saMbhava hai yaha kevala snAna ke lie hI kAma meM AtA thaa| . (5) vItabhayanagara meM- mRgavana udyAna (sukhabodhA, patra 254) / (6) seyaviyA meM- polAsa udyAna (sukhabodhA, patra 71) / udyAnoM meM vRkSoM se ghire hue tathA nAgarabela Adi valliyoM se AcchAdita maNDapa hote the| muni prAyaH una maNDapoM meM dhyAna karate the| ___ udyAnikA mahotsava dhUmadhAma se manAyA jAtA thaa| usameM nagara ke sabhI nara-nArI gAMva ke bAhara nizcita sthAna para ekatrita hote the| ve masta ho kara aneka krIDAoM meM saMlagna rahate the| striyA~ alaga se ikaTThI ho kara nRtya aura gItoM se mahotsava manAtI thiiN| prakRti vizleSaNa - ujjanI ke loga bahuta vivekI hote the| ve sundara-asundara, acche-bure ko jAnane meM nipuNa the| magadha ke loga iMgita ko samajhane meM kuzala hote the| mAlava aura saurASTra ke loga krodhI hote the|5|| vivAha vivAha ke samaya tithi aura muhUrta bhI dekhe jAte the| vivAha se pUrva devamaMdira meM vedikA kA pUjana tathA mUrti ke Age praNamana kiyA jAtA thaa| kanyA-vikraya kA bhI 1-sukhabodhA, patra 228 / 2-vahI, patra 247 / 3-vahI, patra 60: ainiuNo ujjeNIjaNo jANai suMdarAsuMbaravisesaM / 4-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 43 : iMgitajJAzca maagdhaaH| 5-vahI, pR0 24 / 6-sukhabodhA, patra 142 / 7-vahI, patra 141 /

Page #456
khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti 427 pracalana thaa|' jayA, vijayA, Rddhi, vRddhi Adi auSadhiyoM se saMskArita pAnI se vara ko snAna karAyA jAtA thA aura usake lalATa se muzala kA parza karanA mAGgalika mAnA jAtA thaa| mAtA-pitA vivAha se pUrva apanI lar3akI ko yakSa-mandira meM bhejate the aura yaha mAnyatA pracalita thI ki yakSa ke dvArA upabhukta hone para hI lar3akI pati ke pAsa jA sakatI hai / eka brAhmaNI ne apanI lar3akI ko vivAha se pUrva yakSa-mandira meM isIlie bhejA thaa| vivAha ke kaI prakAra pracalita the| unameM svayaMvara aura gandharva-paddhati bhI anumodita thii| svayaMvara isa paddhati meM kanyA svayaM apane vara kA cunAva karatI thii| kabhI-kabhI kanyA vara kI khoja meM vibhinna sthAnoM para jAtI thii| eka bAra mathurA ke rAjA jitazatru ne apanI putrI nirvati ko icchAnusAra vara kI khoja karane ke lie kahA / vaha senA aura vAhana le kara indrapura gii| vahA~ ke rAjA indradatta ke bAIsa putra the| kanyA ne eka zarta rakhate hue kahA-"ATha ratha-cakra haiN| unake Age eka putalI sthApita hai| jo koI usakI bAI A~kha ko bANa se bIMdhegA, usI kA maiM varaNa kruuNgii|" rAjA apane putroM ko le kara raMgamaMca para upasthita huaa| bArI-bArI se rAjA ke sabhI putroM ne putalI ko bIMdhane kA prayAsa kiyA, kintu koI saphala nahIM ho sakA / anta meM rAjA kA eka putra surendradatta, jo mantrI kI kanyA se utpanna thA, raMgamaMca para aag| cAroM ora se ho-hallA hone lgaa| do vyakti naMgI talavAra le kara donoM ora khar3e ho gaye aura kumAra se kahA- yadi tuma isa kArya meM asaphala rahe to hama tumhArA sira dhar3a se alaga kara deNge| kumAra unakI cunautI svIkAra karate hue, Age AyA aura dekhate-dekhate putalI kI bAI A~kha ko bANa se bIMdha DAlA / kumAroM ne usake gale meM varamAlA pahanA dii| gandharva-vivAha . vivAha kI dUsarI paddhati thI gaMdharva-vivAha / isakA artha hai-'binA pArivArika anumati ke vara-kanyA kA aicchika vivAha' / gandharva deza kI rAjadhAnI puNDravadhana thii| vahA~ ke rAjA kA nAma siMharatha thaa| eka bAra use uttarApatha se do ghor3e upahAra meM 1-sukhabodhA, patra 97 / 2-vRhad vRtti, patra 490 / 3-vahI, patra 136 / 4-vahI, patra 148-150 /

Page #457
425 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mile / rAjA ne unakI parIkSA karanI caahii| eka para rAjA svayaM car3hA aura dUsare para rAjakumAra / rAjA jisa ghor3e para savAra huA thA, vaha viparIta zikSA vAlA thaa| jyoMjyoM usakI lagAma khIMcI jAtI, tyoM-tyoM vaha vega se daur3atA thaa| isa prakAra vaha ghor3A rAjA ko le kara 12 yojana calA gyaa| anta meM rAjA ne lagAma DhIlI kara dI / ghor3A vahIM ruka gyaa| ghor3e ko vahIM eka vRkSa se bA~dha rAjA parvata para dIkha rahe sAta maMjile prAsAda para car3hA aura vahA~ eka yuvatI se gandharva-vivAha kara liyaa| pAJcAla rAjA ke putra brahmadatta ne apane mAmA puSpacUla kI lar3akI puSpAvatI se gandharva-vivAha kiyaa| kSitipratiSThAna nagara ke rAjA jitazatru ne eka daridra citrakAra kI putrI kanakamaJjarI ke vAkkauzala se prabhAvita ho kara gandharva-vivAha kara liyA / yaha antarjAtIya-vivAha kA bhI eka udAharaNa hai| punarvivAha kI prathA bhI pracalita thii| bahupatnI prathA . usa samaya bahupatnI prathA bhI samRddhi kA aMga samajhI jAtI thii| rAjA va rAjakumAra apane antaHpura meM rAniyoM kI adhikAdhika saMkhyA rakhane meM gaurava kA. anubhava karate the| aura yaha antaHpura aneka rAjAoM ke sAtha mitratApUrNa-sambandha sthApita ho jAne ke kAraNa unakI rAjanItika sattA ko zaktizAlI banAne meM sahAyaka hotA thaa| dhanavAn loga bahupatnI prathA ko dhana, saMpatti, yaza aura sAmAjika gaurava kA kAraNa mAnate the| campA nagarI kA suvarNakAra kumAranandI ne eka-eka kara pA~ca sau kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyA thaa| jaba kabhI vaha sundara kanyA ko dekhatA, usase vivAha kara letA thaa| talAka prathA aura vaivAhika zulka choTI-moTI bAtoM ke kAraNa paniyoM ko chor3a dene kI prathA thI / 1-sukhabodhA, patra 141: .....'kao gaMdhava vivaaho| . 2-vahI, patra 190 : .....to sA teNa gaMdhavvavivAheNa vivaahimaa| 3-vahI, patra 142 / 4-uttarAdhyayana, 13125; 18 / 16 / 5-sukhabodhA, patra 142 / 6-vahI, patra 252 /

Page #458
khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti 426 eka vaNika ne apanI patnI ko isalie chor3a diyA ki vaha sArA dina zarIra kI sAja-sajjA meM vyatIta karatI thI aura ghara kI sAra-saMbhAla meM asamartha thii|' eka brAhmaNa-putrI ne bhI prasaMga para yahI kahA-"tU dUsarA pati kara le|" kisI cora ke pAsa bahuta dhana thaa| usane yatheccha zulka de kara aneka kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyA thaa| campA nagarI ke suvarNakAra ne pA~ca-pA~ca sau suvarNa de kara aneka kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha kiyA thaa| daheja rAjakanyAoM ke vivAha meM ghor3e, hAthI Adi mI daheja meM die jAte tha / vArANasI ke rAjA sundara ne apanI kanyA kamalasenA ko hajAra gA~va, sau hAthI, eka lAkha padAti, dasa hajAra ghor3e aura vipula bhaNDAra daheja meM diyaa|" sautiyA DAha rAjAoM ke aneka patniyA~ hotI thiiN| paraspara eka-dUsare se IrSyA honA svAbhAvika thaa| ve eka-dUsare ke prati zikAyata karatIM aura samaya-samaya para aneka SaDyaMtra bhI raca letI thiiN| kSitipratiSThita nagara ke rAjA jitazatru kI priya rAnI kanakamaJjarI para anya rAniyoM ne Aropa lgaayaa| rAjA ne svayaM usakI parIkSA kii| kintu use koI doSa hAtha nahIM lgaa| anta meM usane kanakamaJjarI ko paTarAnI banA diyaa| __kaMcanapura ke rAjA vikramayazA kI pA~ca sau rAniyoM ne rAjA kI priya rAnI viSNuzrI ko IrSyA-dveSa kza kArmaNayoga (TonA) kara mAra ddaalaa| 1-mukhabodhA, patra 97 / .. '2-bRhad vRtti, patra 137 / 3-vahI, patra 207 / 4-vahI, patra 252 / 5-vahI, patra 88 varagAmANa sahassaM, sayaM gaidANa viulbhNddaarN| pAikkANa ya lakkhaM, turayANaM dasasahassAiM // 6-vahI, patra 143 / 7-vahI, patra 239 /

Page #459
430 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAlaka adhyayana yavanikA kA prayoga prAcIna-kAla meM bar3e gharoM kI bahU-beTiyAM puruSoM ke samakSa sAkSAt nahIM AtI thiiN| jaba kabhI unheM sabhAoM meM AnA-jAnA hotA, to vahAM eka pardA lagAyA jAtA thaa| eka ora puruSa aura dUsarI ora striyA~ baiTha jAtI thiiN| ___pATaliputra ke rAjA zakaDAla ke maMtrI naMda kI sAtoM putriyoM ko laukika kAvya sunAne ke lie sabhA meM bulAyA gyaa| ve aaii| unheM eka yavanikA ke pIche biThAyA gayA aura eka-eka ko kAvya sunAne ke lie kahA gyaa|' vezyA vezyAeM nagara kI zobhA, rAjAoM ko AdaraNIyA aura rAjadhAnI kI ratna mAnI jAtI thiiN| ujjainI meM devadattA nAma kI pradhAna gaNikA rahatI thii| ___ kabhI-kabhI rAjA vezyAoM ko apane antaHpura meM bhI rakha lete the| mathurA ke rAjA ne kAlA nAma kI vezyA ko apane antaHpura meM rakha liyA thaa| prasAdhana gaMdha, mAlya, vilepana aura snAna ( sugaMdhI dravya ) kA prayoga prasAdhana ke lie kiyA jAtA thaa| kezoM ko saMvArane ke lie kaMghI kA upayoga hotA thaa| kaI striyA~ pUrA dina apane zarIra kI sAja-sajjA meM vyatIta kara detI thiiN| prAyaH gRhiNiyA~ apane pati ke bhojana kara lene para bhojana, snAna kara lene para snAna tathA anyAnya prasAdhana bhI apane pati ke kara lene para hI karatI thiiN| bhojana cAvaloM se niSpanna odana aura usake sAtha aneka prakAra ke vyaJjana pratidina ke bhojana meM kAma Ate the| 1-sukhabodhA, patra 28 / 2-vahI, patra 64 / 3-vahI, patra 218 / 4-vahI, patra 120 / 5-uttarAdhyayana, 20129 / 6-sukhabodhA, patra 97 / 7-vahI, patra 97 / 8-uttarAdhyayana, 20129 / 9-vahI, 12 // 34 /

Page #460
khaNDa 2. prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti pUr3e aura khAje usa samaya ke vizeSa miSThAnna the, jo vizeSa avasaroM para banAe jAte th| prastuta sUtra ( 12 / 35 ) meM jo 'pabhUyamannaM' zabda AyA hai, vRttikAra ne usakA artha 'pUr3e' aura 'khAje' kiyA hai / / 'ghRtapUrNa' ghI aura gur3a se banAe jAte the| yaha pramukha miSThAnna thaa|' ganne cUsane kA pracalana thaa| kaI loga gannoM ko kolhoM meM pera kara rasa pIte the| ganne ko chIla kara usakI do-do aMgula kI gaMDeriyA~ banAI jaatiiN| una para pIsI huI ilAyacI DAlI jAtI aura unheM karpUra se vAsita kiyA jAtA thaa| kA~Te se unheM thor3A kATA jAtA thaa| Ikha ke sAtha kad bone kA bhI pracalana thaa| kad ko loga gur3a ke sAtha milA kara khAte the|5 dazapura meM 'ikSugRha' kA ullekha milatA hai| ___ phasala ko sUaroM kA bhaya rahatA thaa| kRSaka loga sIMga Adi bajA kara apane-apane khetoM kI rakSA karate the| dAsa prathA . . uttarAdhyayana meM dAsa ko bhI eka kAma-skandha mAnA gayA hai| usakA artha hai'kAmanApUrti kA hetu'| cAra kAma-skandha ye haiM-(1) kSetra-vAstu-bhUmi aura gRha, (2) hiraNya-sonA, cA~dI, ratna Adi, (3) pazu aura (4) dAsapauruSa / jisa prakAra kSetra-vAstu, hiraNya ora pazu krIta hote the, usI prakAra dAsa bhI krIta hote the| inakA krIta sAmagrI ke rUpa meM upayoga kiyA jA sakatA thaa| : dAsa-ceToM kI taraha dAsa-ceTiyA~ bhI hotI thiiN| ye apanI svAminI ke sAtha yakSamaMdira meM khAdya, bhojya, gandha, mAlya, vilepana aura paTala le kara jAtI thiiN| dAsImaha bhI manAyA jAtA thaa| usameM dAsiyA~ dhUma-dhAma se mana-bahalAva karatI thiiN| 1-bRhad vRtti, patra 369 / 2-vahI, patra 209 / 3-sukhabodhA, patra 53 / 4-vahI, patra 61-62 / 5-vahI, patra 103 / 6-vahI, patra 23 / 7-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 98 / 8-uttarAdhyayana, 3 // 17 // 9-sukhabodhA, patra 174 / 10-vahI, patra 124 /

Page #461
432 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana bar3e gharoM meM dAsiyA~ bhojana Adi parosane kA kArya bhI karatI thiiN|' dAsoM ko svataMtratA kA adhikAra prApta nahIM thaa| dAsa-ceTaka bhI vedAdhyayana karate aura vizeSa zikSA ke lie anya dezoM meM jAte the| kabhI-kabhI unakI vidvattA para mugdha ho kara adhyApaka apanI kanyA unheM de dete the| ratanapura ke adhyApaka ne apanI kanyA satyabhAmA kA vivAha kapila nAmaka dAsa-ceTaka se kiyaa| vidyArthI vidyArthI vidyAbhyAsa ke lie dUsare-dUsare nagaroM meM jAte the| sampanna loga unake . nivAsa va khAna-pAna kI vyavasthA karate the| zaMkhapura kA rAjakumAra, agaDadatta vArANasI gayA aura vahA~ kalAcArya ke pAsa kalAoM kI zikSA prApta karane lgaa| __ kauzAmbI nagarI ke brAhmaNa kAzyapa kA putra kapila zrAvastI meM par3hane gayA aura apane kalAcArya kI sahAyatA se apane bhojana kA prabandha vahAM ke dhanI zAlIbhadra ke yahA~ kiyaa| vidyArthI kA samAja meM bahuta sammAna thaa| jaba koI vidyAdhyayana samApta kara ghara Ate, taba unakA sArvajanika sammAna kiyA jAtA thaa| dazapura ke somadeva brAhmaNa kA lar3akA rakSita jaba pATaliputra se caudaha vidyAe~ sIkha kara lauTA to nagara dhvajA-patAkAoM se sajjita kiyA gyaa| rAjA svayaM svAgata karane ke lie sAmane gyaa| usane rakSita kA satkAra kiyA aura use agrAhAra-uccajIvikA pradAna kii| nagara ke logoM ne usakA abhinandana kiyaa| vaha hAthI para baiTha kara apane ghara gyaa| vahA~ bhI usake svajanoM aura mitroM ne usakA Adara kiyaa| ghara candana-kalazoM se sajAyA gyaa| vaha ghara ke bAhara upasthAnazAlA meM baiTha gayA aura Agantuka logoM se upahAra svIkAra karane lgaa| usakA ghara dvipada, hiraNya tathA suvarNa Adi se bhara gyaa|6 brAhmaNa caudaha vidyAoM meM pAraMgata hote the| ve caudaha vidyAe~ ye haiM-(1) zikSA, (2) kalpa, (3) vyAkaraNa, (4) nirukta, (5) chanda, (6) jyotiSa, (7) Rgveda, (8) yajurveda, 1-sukhabodhA, patra 124 // 2-uttarAdhyayana, 1336 / 3-sukhabodhA, patra 243 / 4-vahI, patra 30 / 5-vahI, patra 124 / 6-vahI, patra 23 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti (e) sAmaveda, (10) atharvaveda, (11) mImAMsA, (12) nyAya, (13) purANa aura (14) dharmazAstra / ' bahattara kalAoM ke zikSaNa kA bhI pracalana th||2 vyasana ___ mAnava-svabhAva kI durbalatA sadA rahI hai| usase prabhAvita manuSya vyasanoM ke jAla meM phaMsatA rahA hai / vilAsa aura ajJAna ne manuSya ko sadA isa ora pravRtta kiyA hai| zaMkhapura nagara kA rAjakumAra agaDadatta sabhI vyasanoM meM pravINa thaa| vaha madya pItA thA, juA khelatA thA, mAMsa tathA madhu kA bhakSaNa karatA thA aura naTa-samUha tathA vezyAvRnda se ghirA rahatA thaa| madyapAna bahuta mAtrA meM pracalita thaa| madya ke aneka prakAra the (1) madhu-. mahuA kI madirA / (2) maireya- sirakA / (3) vAruNI-pradhAna suraa| (4) mRdvIkA- drAkSA kI mdiraa| (5) khajUrA- khajUra kI mdiraa| krUratA aura khAdya-lolupatA vipula mAtra meM thii| loga bhaiMsa kA mAMsa khA lete the| pitaroM ko mAMsa aura madirA kI bali dI jAtI thii| zivabhUti nAmaka sahasramalla ko rAjA ne kahA- "zmazAna meM jAkara kRSNa-caturdazI ke dina bali dekara aao|" usane madirA aura pazuoM kI bali dI aura pazu ko vahIM pakAkara khA gayA / 1-bRhadvRtti, patra 523 / 2-sukhabodhA, patra 218 / 3.-vahI, patra 84 : - majjaM piei jUyaM ramei pisiyaM mahuM ca bhakkhei / naDapeDaya-vesAviMda-parigao bhamai puramajjhe // 4-bRhadvRtti, patra 654 / 5-vahI, patra 52 / . 6-sukhabodhA, patra 75 : bacca mAighare susANe kaNhacauddasIe baliM dehi / surA pasuo ya diNNo / ... . so gaMtUNa mAibaliM dAUNa 'chuhio mi' ti tattheva susANe taM pasuM paulettA khaai| 55

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434 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana malla-vidyA malla-vidyA kA vyavasthita zikSaNa diyA jAtA thaa| jo vyakti yaha vidyA sIkhanA / cAhatA, use pahale vamana aura virecana karAyA jaataa| kaI dinoM taka use khAne ke lie pauSTika tattva die jAte aura dhIre-dhIre use malla-vidyA kA abhyAsa karAyA jAtA thaa| malla prAyaH rAjyAzrita rahate the| sthAna-sthAna para daMgala hote aura jo malla jItatA use 'patAkA' dI jAtI thii| ujjanI meM aTTaNa nAmakA eka malla thaa| vaha durjeya thaa| vaha 'sopAraka' nagara meM prativarSa jAtA aura vahA~ ke malloM ko harAkara paMtAkA le AtA . thaa|' mallayuddha taba taka calatA jaba taka hAra-jIta kA nirNaya nahIM ho jAtA / eka bAra eka rAjA ne mallayuddha Ayojita kiyaa| pahale dina na koI hArA, na koI jItA / dUsare dina donoM sama rhe| tIsare dina eka hArA, eka jiitaa| daMgala meM vibhinna dA~va-peca bhI prayukta hote the| eka dina kA daMgala pUrA ho jAne para malloM ko dUsare dina ke lie taiyAra karane ke lie saMmardaka loga niyukta kie jAte the, jo tela Adi se mAliza kara malloM ko taiyAra karate the| kaI malla hAra jAne para kucha mahInoM taka rasAyana Adi kA sevana kara punaH baliSTha ho daMgala ke lie taiyAra hote the| roga aura cikitsA - usa samaya ke mukhya roga haiM zvAsa, khA~sI, jvara, dAha, udarazUla, bhagaMdara, arza, ajIrNa, dRSTizUla, muzUlakha, aruci, akSivedanA, khAja, karNazUla, jalodara aura koDha / 5 usa samaya cikitsA kI kaI paddhatiyA~ pracalita thiiN| unameM Ayurvedika cikitsA paddhati sarvamAnya thii| paMcakarma-vamana, virecana, Adi kA bhI vipula pracalana thA / 6 1-bRhadvRtti, patra 192 / 2-vahI, patra 192,163 / 3-vahI, patra 163 / 4-vahI, patra 193 / 5-sukhabodhA, patra 163 : sAse khAse jare DAhe, kucchisUle bhagaMdare / arisA ajIrae TThiI-muhasUle aroyae // acchiveyaNa kaMDU ya, kannavAhA jaloyare / koDhe emAiNo rogA, pIlayaMti sriirinnN|| 6-uttarAdhyayana, 158 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti . 435 .. cikitsA ke cAra mukhya pAda mAne gae haiM-(1) vaidya, (2) rogI, (3) auSadhi, aura (4) praticaryA karane vaale|' vidyA aura maMtroM, zalya-cikitsA tathA jar3I-bUTiyoM se bhI cikitsA kI jAtI thii| inake vizArada AcArya yatra-tatra sulabha the| ___anAthI muni ne magadha samrATa rAjA zreNika se kahA- "jaba maiM akSi-vedanA se atyanta pIr3ita thA taba mere pitA ne merI cikitsA ke lie vaidya, vidyA aura maMtroM ke dvArA cikitsA karane vAle AcArya, zalya-cikitsaka aura auSadhiyoM ke vizArada AcAryoM ko bulAyA thaa| ___pazu-cikitsA ke vizeSajJa bhI hote the| kisI eka vaidya ne cikitsA kara eka siMha kI A~kheM khola diiN| - vaidya ko prANAcArya bhI kahA jAtA thaa| - rasAyanoM kA sevana karA kara cikitsA kI jAtI thii| maMtra aura vidyA - yaha vIra-nirvANa ke chaThe zataka kI bAta hai| aMtaraMjiyA nagarI meM eka parivrAjaka rahatA thaa| vaha apane peTa,ko lohe kI paTTI se bA~dhe rakhatA aura jambU-vRkSa kI eka TahanI ko apane hAtha meM lekara ghUmatA thaa| loga usase isakA kAraNa pUchate to vaha kahatA-"jJAna se peTa phUTa na jAe isalie peTa ko lohe se bA~dhe rakhatA hU~ aura isa sampUrNa jambUdvIpa meM merA koI pratipakSI nahIM hai, isalie yaha TahanI rakhatA huuN|" vaha parivrAjaka sAta vidyAoM meM nipuNa thA(1) vRzcikI (4) mRgI (2) sArkI (5) varAhI (3) mUSakI. . (7) sauliyA (zakunikA-cIla) 1-uttarAdhyayana, 20123 ; sakhabodhA, patra 269 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 20122 ; sukhabodhA, patra 269 / 3-bRhadvRtti, patra 462 : kenacid bhiSajA vyAghrasya cakSurudghATitamaTavyAm / 4-vahI, patra 475 / 5-vahI, patra 11 / 6-uttarAdhyayana niyukti, 173 / (6) kAkI

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana usI gA~va meM zrIgupta AcArya bhI aneka vidyAoM meM pAraMgata the| ve inakI pratipakSI vidyAoM ke jJAtA the| ve vidyAe~ ye haiM(1) mayUrI (5) siMhI (2) nakulI (6) ulUkI (3) viDAlI (7) olAvI-bAja / (4) vyAghrI eka bAra parivrAjaka aura AcArya zrIgupta ke ziSya rohagupta meM paraspara ina vidyAoM kA prayoga huA aura anta meM rohagupta kI vijaya huii| bhUtavAdI loga bhI yatra-tatra ghUmate the| ve apane vaza meM kie hue bhUtoM se manovAJchita kArya karA sakate the| eka bAra eka nagara meM upadrava huA / tIna bhUtavAdI rAjA ke pAsa Ae aura bole"hama Apake nagara kA upadrava miTA deNge|" rAjA ne pUchA- "kase ?" eka bhUtavAdI ne kahA-"mere pAsa eka maMtrasiddha bhUta hai| vaha sundara rUpa banAkara nagara meM ghuumegaa| jo usako ekaTaka dekhegA, vaha mara jAegA aura jo nIcA mu~ha kara nikala jAegA, vaha sabhI rogoM se mukta ho jaaegaa|" rAjA ne kahA- "mere aisA bhUta nahIM caahie|" dUsare bhUtavAdI ne kahA- "merA bhUta vikarAla rUpa banAkara aTTahAsa karatA huA, nAcatA-gAtA huA nagara meM ghuumegaa| usako dekhakara jo usakA upahAsa karegA, usake Tukar3e-Tukar3e ho jAeMge aura jo usakI pUjA karegA, vaha roga-mukta ho jaaegaa|" rAjA ne kahA- "mere aisA bhUta nahIM caahie|" ____tIsare bhUtavAdI ne kahA- "merA bhUta samadRSTi hai| koI usakA priya kare yA apriya, vaha kisI para prasanna yA nArAja nahIM hotaa| loga use dekhate hI roga-mukta ho jaaeNge|" rAjA ne kahA- "yaha bhUta acchA hai|" bhUtavAdI ne usa bhUta kI sahAyatA se nagara kA sArA upadrava miTA diyaa| __ kaI vyakti 'saMkarI vidyA' meM pravINa hote the| isake smaraNa-mAtra se dAsa-dAsI varga upasthita ho jAtA thaa| inake atirikta nimna vidyAe~ pracalita thI 1--uttarAdhyayana niyukta, 174 / 2-dezInAmamAlA, 11160 : seNe olayaolAvayA y.....| 3-bRhadvRtti, patra 169 / 4-sukhabodhA, patra 5,6 / 5-vahI, patra 190 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa: 5 sabhyatA aura saMskRti (1) chinna-vidyA (6) lakSaNa-vidyA (2) svara-vidyA (7) daNDa-vidyA (3) bhoma-vidyA (5) vAstu-vidyA (4) aMtarikSa-vidyA (6) aMga-sphuraNa-vidyA (5) svapna-vidyA (10) ruta-vidyA matavAda vaha yuga dhArmika matavAdoM kA yuga thaa| bAhya vezoM aura AcAroM ke AdhAra para bhI aneka matavAda pracalita the| virodhI matavAdoM ke kucha udAhaNa ye haiM 1-setukaraNa (vRkSa-siMcana) meM dharma hai| 2-asetukaraNa meM dharma hai| 3-gRhavAsa meM dharma hai| 4-vanavAsa meM dharma hai| 5-muNDa hone para dharma ho sakatA hai| 6-jaTAdhArI hone se dharma ho sakatA hai / 7-nagna rahane se dharma ho sakatA hai| 8-vastra rakhane se dharma ho sakatA hai| tApasa uttarAdhyayana meM tApasoM ke kucheka prakAra ullikhita hue haiN| usa samaya kI sampradAyabahulatA ko dekhate hue ye bahuta alpa haiN| kintu inakA Akalana bhI usa samaya kI dhArmika sthiti kA paricAyaka hai cIvaradhArI- cIvara yA valkala pahanane vaale| ajinadhArI- carma ke vastra pahanane vaale| mRgacArika, uddaNDaka, AjIvaka Adi sampradAya / jaTI jaTA rakhane vaale| saMghATI citharoM ko jor3akara pahanane vaale| muNDI sira muMDAne vaale| zikhI sira para zikhA rakhane vaale| - 1-bRhavRtti, patra 215,216 / 2-uttarAdhyayana, 221 ; bRhadvRtti, patra 419 / 3-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR0 138 /

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438 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayane ___eka bAra koDinna, dinna aura sevAlI-tInoM tApasa apane-apane pA~ca-pA~ca sau ziSyoM ke sAtha aSTApada parvata para car3hane ke lie Ae / koDinna ekAntara tapa karatA aura kanda-mUla khAtA thaa| dinna bele-bele kI tapasyA karatA aura bhUmi para gire hue jIrNa patte khAkara nirvAha karatA thaa| sevAlI tele-tele kI tapasyA karatA aura zaivAla khAkara nirvAha karatA thaa|' sthAna-sthAna para ziva, indra, skanda aura viSNu ke mandira hote the aura unakI pUjA kI jAtI thii| vikIrNa putra-prApti ke lie maMtra aura auSadhiyoM se saMskRta jala se strI ko snAna karAyA jAtA thaa| amAtya Adi vizeSa pada para rahane vAle vyaktiyoM kI veza-bhUSA bhinna prakAra kI hotI thii| utsavoM ke avasara para gharoM para dhvajAe~ phaharAI jAtI thiiN|" sUkSma vastra tathA kambala yaMtra se banAe jAte the| nadI ke kinAre prapA banAne kA rivAja thaa| aisI prapAoM meM pathikoM tathA parivrAjakoM ko anna-pAnI kA dAna kiyA jAtA thA / " kisI ke marane para aneka laukika kRtya kie jAte the| mRtaka ke pIche rone kI. rivAja thii| zabara jAti ke loga tamAla ke patte pahanate the| - isa prakaraNa ke antargata sabhyatA aura saMskRti kA kucha lekhA-jokhA prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ye tathya kevala saMketa mAtra haiN| uttarAdhyayana kI TIkA sukhabodhA meM saMgrahIta prAkRta kathAoM ke AdhAra para aura bhI aneka tathyoM para prakAza DAlA jA sakatA hai| 1-sukhabodhA, pA 155 // 2-uttarAdhyayana niyukti, 315 / 3-sukhabodhA, patra 217 / 4-vahI, patra 217 / 5-bRhadvRtti, patra 147 / 6-uttarAdhyayana cUrNi, pR09; bRhadvRtti, patra 122 / 7-sukhabodhA, patra 188 / -vahI, patra 202 / . 9-bRhadvRtti, patra 142H zabaranivasanaM tamAlapatram /

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prakaraNa : chaThA tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya jana-mAnasa zramaNa aura vaidika-donoM paramparAoM se prabhAvita rahA hai| bhArata kI sabhyatA aura saMskRti ina paramparAoM ke AdhAra para vikasita huI aura phliiphuulii| donoM paramparAoM meM eka aisI anusyUti thI, jo bheda meM abheda ko protsAhita karatI thii| donoM paramparAoM ke sAdhakoM ne anubhUtiyA~ prApta kii| unameM kaI anubhUtiyA~ samAna thIM aura kaI asmaan| kucha anubhUtiyoM kA paraspara vinimaya bhI huaa| isa adhyAya meM unhIM kA eka vihaMgAvalokana hai| yaha dekha kara hameM bahuta Azcarya hogA ki katipaya zlokoM meM vicitra zabda-sAmya aura artha-sAmya hai / mUlataH kauna, kisa paramparA kA haiyaha nirNaya karanA kaSTasAdhya hai| phira bhI siddhAnta ke AdhAra para hama eka nizcaya para pahu~ca sakate haiN| udAharaNa ke lie uttarAdhyayana sUtra meM 'kAlIpavvaMgasaMkAse' 'kisse dhamaNisaMtae'--ye pada AeM haiM / bauddha-sAhitya meM bhI inakI AvRtti huI hai| jainasUtroM meM ye vizeSaNa aise tapasvI ke lie Ae haiM, jo tapasyA ke dvArA apane zarIra ko itanA kRza bana detA hai ki vaha kAlI parva ke sadRza ho jAtA hai aura usakI nAr3iyoM kA jAla sphuTa dIkhane lagatA hai| ye vizeSaNa yathArtha haiM kyoMki aisI tapasyA jaina mata meM sammata rahI haiM / bauddha-sAhitya meM ye pada brAhmaNa ke lakSaNa batAte samaya tathA sAmAnya sAdhu ke lie prayukta hue haiN| parantu yahA~ yaha zaMkA hotI hai ki tapasyA ke binA zarIra itanA kRza nahIM hotA aura aisI kaThora tapasyA bauddhoM ko amAnya rahI hai| isase yaha lagatA hai ki unhoMne ye zabda jaina yA vaidika dharma ke prabhAva-kAla meM svIkRta kie haiN| DaoN0 vinTaranitja kI mAnyatA hai ki "kathAoM, saMvAdoM aura gAthAoM kI samAnatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye saba bahuta kAla se pracalita zramaNa-sAhitya ke aMza the aura unhIM - se jaina, bauddha, mahAkAvyakAroM tathA purANakAroM ne inheM apanA liyA hai|" __yahA~ uttarAdhyayana ke adhyayana-krama se tulanAtmaka sAmagrI prastuta kI gaI hai .1-uttarAdhyayana, 2 / 3 / 2-dhammapada 26 / 13 ; therAgAthA 246 / 3-The Jainas in the History of Indian Literature, p. 7.

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440 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nApuTTho vAgare kiMci, puTTho vA nAliyaM ve| kohaM asaccaM kubvejjA, dhArejjA piyamappiyaM // (1 / 14) appA ceva dameyavvo, appA hu khalu duddmo| appA danto suhI hoi, assi loe paratya ya // (1 / 15) paDiNIyaM ca buddhANaM, vAyA aduva kmmunnaa| AvI vA jai vA rahasse, neva kujjA kayAi vi // (1 / 17) kAlIpavvaMgasaMkAse, kise dhamaNisaMtae / mAyanne asaNapANassa, adINamaNaso care // (2 // 3) pucho ya dasamasaehiM, samareva mhaamunnii| nAgo saMgAmasIse vA, sUro abhihaNe paraM // (2 / 10) ega eva care lADhe, abhibhUya parIsahe / gAme vA nagare vAvi, nigame vA rAyahANie // (2018) asamANo care bhikkhU, neva kujjA priggh| asaMsatto gihatthehiM, aNieo parivvae // susANe sunnagAre vA, rukkhamUle va ego| akukkuo nisIejjA, na ya vittAsae paraM / / (2 / 16, 20) sroccANaM pharusA bhAsA, dAruNA gaamknnttgaa| tusiNIo uvehejjA, na tAo maNasIkare // (2 / 25) aNukkasAI appicche, annAesI alolue| rasesu nANugijjhejjA, nANutappejja pannavaM // (2 / 36) khettaM vatthaM hiraNNaM ca, pasavo dAsaporuSa / cattAri kAmakhandhANi, tattha se uvavajjaI // (3 / 17) asaMkhayaM jIviya mA pamAyae, jarovaNIyassa hu natthi taannN| evaM viyANAhi jaNe pamatte, kaNNU vihiMsA ajayA gahinti // (41)

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141. (zAntiparva 287 / 35) (dhammapada 12 // 3) khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 tulanAtmaka adhyayana nApRSTaH kasyacid bra yAn, nApyanyAyena pRcchataH / jJAnavAnapi medhAvI, jaDavat samupAvizet // attAnaJce tathA kayirA, yathaJamanusAsati / sudanto vata dammetha, attA hi kira duddamo // mA kAsi pApakaM kamma, Avi vA yadi vA raho / sace ca pApakaM kamma, karissasi karosi vA // kAla(lA)pavvaMgasaMkAso, kiso dhmmnisnthto| mantaJjU annapAmhi, adInamanaso naro / aSTacakraM hi tad yAnaM, bhUtayuktaM manoratham / tatrAdyau lokanAthau tau, kRzau dhamanisaMtatau // evaM cIrNana ..! tapasA, munirdhamanisantataH / paMsakaladharaM jantaM, kisaM dhamanisanthataM / ekaM vanasmi jhAyantaM, tamahaM brUmi bAhmaNaM // (tharIgAthA 247) (theragAthA 246,686) (zAntiparva 334 / 11) (bhAgavata 11 / 18 / 6) (dhammapada. 26 / 13) phuTTho DaMsehi makasehi, arasmi brahAvane / nAgo saMgAmasIse'va, . sato ttraa'dhivaasye|| (theragAthA 34,247,687) eka eva carennityaM, siddhyarthamasahAyavAn / siddhimekasya saMpazyan, na jahAti na hIyate // (manusmRti 6 / 42) aniketa: paritapan, vRkSamUlAzrayo muniH / ayAcakaH sadA yogI, sa tyAgI pArtha ! bhikSukaH // (zAntiparva 12 / 10) pAMsubhiH samabhicchinnaH, ' zUnyAgArapratizrayaH / vRkSamUlaniketo vA, tyaktasarvapriyApriyaH // (zAntiparva 9 / 13) sutvA. rusito bahuM vAcaM, samaNANaM puthuvacanAnaM / pharusena te na pativajjA, na hi santo pttisenikronti|| (suttanipAta, v08,14|18) cakkhUhi neva lolassa, gAmakathAya Avaraye sotaM / rase ca nAnugijjheyya, na ca mamAyeya kiMci lokasmi // ...... (sutta0, va0 8,14 / 8) khettaM vatthaM hiranaM vA, gavAssaM dAsaporisaM / thiyo bandhU puthU kAme, yo naro anugijjhati // ... (sutta0, va0 8,1 / 4) upanIyati jIvitaM appamAyu, jarUpanItassa na santi taannaa| etaM bhayaM maraNe pekkhamANo, puJAni kayirAtha sukhAvahAni // (aMguttara ni0, pR0 159)

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(4 // 3).. uttarAdhyayana eka : samIkSAtmaka-adhyayana teNe jahA sandhimuhe gahIe, sakammuNA kiccai paavkaarii| evaM payA pecca ihaM ca loe, kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atiya // cIrAjiNaM nagiNiNaM, jaDIsaMghADimuNDiNaM / eyANi vi na tAyanti, dussIlaM pariyAgayaM // je lakkhaNa ca suviNa ca, aMgavijaM ca je pauMjanti / na hute samaNA vuccanti, evaM AyariehiM akkhAyaM // suhaM vasAmo jIvAmo, jesi mo natthi kiNcnn| mihilAe ujjhamANIe, na me Dajjhai kiMcaNa // (5 / 21) (8 / 13) (14) (6 / 34) : jo sahassaM sahassANaM, saMgAme dujjae jiNe / egaM jiNejja appANaM, esa se paramo jao // jo sahassaM sahassANaM, mAse mAse gavaM de| tassAvi saMjamo seo, adintassa vi kiMcaNa // (40) mAse mAse tu jo bAlo, kusaggeNa tu bhuMjae / na so suyakkhAyadhammassa, kalaM agghai solasiM // (6 / 44) (48) suvaNNaruppassa u pavvayA bhave, siyA hu kelAsasamA asNkhyaa| narassa luddhassa na tehiM kiMci, icchA u AgAsasamA aNantiyA // puDhavI sAlI javA ceva, hiraNaM pasubhissaha / paDipuNNaM nAlamegassa, ii vijjA tavaM cre|| (49)

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 tulanAtmaka adhyayana coro yathA sandhimukhe gahIto, sakammunA hajati pApadhammo / evaM pajA pecca paramhi loke, sakammunA hati pApadhammo // (theragAthA 786) na naggacariyA na jaTA na paMkA, nAnAsakA thaNDilasAyikA vaa| rajo va jallaM ukkuTikappadhAnaM, sodhenti macca avitiNNakaGkha // (dhammapada 10 / 13) AthantraNa supinaM lakkhaNaM, no vidahe atho pi nakkhattaM / virutaM ca gabbhakaraNaM, tikicchaM mAmako na sebeyya // (sutta0, va0 8,14 / 13) susukhaM bata jIvAma ye saM no natthi kiMcanaM / mithilAya DarahamAnAya na me kiMci aDavhatha // (jAtaka 536, zloka 125; jAtaka 526, zloka 16; dhammapada 15) susukhaM bata jIvAmi, yasya me nAsti kiMcana / mithilAyAM pradIptAyAM, na me dahyati kiMcana // (mokSadharma parva, 276 / 2) yo sahassaM sahassena saMgAme mAnuse jine / ekaM ca jeyyamattAnaM sa ve saMgAmajuttamo // (dhammapada 8 / 4) mAse mAse sahassena yo yajeya sataM sama, ekaMca bhAvitattAnaM muhuttamapi puujye| sA yeva pUjanA seyyo yaM ce vassasataM hutaM // yo ca vassasataM jantu aggiM paricare bane, ekaMca bhAvitattAnaM muhuttamapi pUjaye / sA yeva pUjanA seyyo yaM ce vassasataM hutaM / (dhammapada 87,8) yo dadAti sahasrANi gavAmazvazatAni ca / abhayaM sarvabhUtebhyaH sadA tamabhivartate // (zAntiparva 2985) mAse mAse kusaggena, bAlo bhujetha bhojanaM / na so saMkhatadhammAnaM, kalaM agghati solasiM // (dhammapada 5 / 11) aTuMgupretassa uposathassa, kalaM pi te nAnubhavaMti solsiN|| (aMgu0 ni0, pR0 221) parvatopi suvarNasya, samo himavatA bhavet / nAlaM ekasya tadvittaM, iti vidvAn samAcaret // (divyAvadAna, pR0 224) yatpRthivyAM brIhiyavaM, hiraNyaM pazavaH striyaH / savaM tannAlamekasya, tasmAd vidvAJchamaM caret // (anuzAsanaparva 63 / 40) yat pRthivyAM brIhiyavaM, hiraNyaM pazavaH striyaH / nAlamekasya tat sarvamiti pazyanna muhyati // (udyoga parva 3654)

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uttarAdhyayane : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana vochinda siNehamappaNo, kumuye sAraiyaM va pANiyaM / se savvasiNehavajjie, samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae // jaheha sIho va miyaM gahAya, macca nareM nei hu antakAle / na tassa mAyA va piyA va bhAyA, kAlammi tammisaharA bhavaMti // (10 / 28) ... (13 / 22) na tassa dukkhaM vibhayanti nAipro, na mittavaggA na suyA na bndhvaa| . ekko sayaM paccaNuhoi dukkhaM, kattArameva aNujAi kammaM / / _(13 / 23) (13 / 24) ceccA dupayaM. ca cauppayaM ca, khettaM giha dhaNadhannaM ca savvaM / kammappabIo avaso payAi, paraM bhavaM suMdara pAvagaM vA // taM ikkagaM tucchasarIragaM se, ciIgayaM Dahiya u paavgennN| , bhajjA ya puttA vi ya nAyao ya, dAyAramannaM aNusaMkamanti // (13 / 25) (13 / 31) accei kAlo tUranti rAiyo, na yAvi bhogA purisANa niccaa| uvicca bhogA purisaM cayanti, dumaM jahA khINaphalaM va pakkhI // ahijja vee parivissa vippe, putte paDiTTappa gihaMsi jAyA ! / bhoccANa bhoe saha itthiyAhiM, AraNNagA hoha muNI pasatthA // (14 / 6 veyA ahIyA na bhavanti tANaM, bhuttA diyA ninti tamaM tameNaM / jAyA ya puttA na havanti tANaM, ko NAma te aNumannejja evaM // (14 / 12) imaM ca me atthi imaM ca natthi, imaM ca me kicca imaM akiccaM / taM evamevaM lAlappamANaM, harA haraMti tti kaha pamAe ? // (14 / 15) dhaNaM pabhUyaM saha itthiyAhiM, sayaNA tahA kAmaguNA pagAmA / tavaM kae tApai jassa logo, taM sava sAhINamiheva tubhaM // ... (14 / 16,17)

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khaMNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 tulanAtmaka adhyayana yad pRthivyAM brIhiyavaM, hiraNyaM pazavaH striyH| . ekasyApi na paryApta, tadityavitRSNAM tyajet // (viSNupurANa 4 / 10 / 10) ucchinda sinehamattano kumudaM sAradikaM va paanninaa| santimaggameva brahara, nibbAnaM sugatena desitaM // . (dhammapada 2013) taM putrapazusampannaM, vyAsaktamanasaM naram / suptaM vyAghro mRgamiva, mRtyurAdAya gacchati // sacinvAnakamevana, kAmAnAmavitRptakam / vyAghraH pazumivAdAya, mRtyurAdAya gacchati // (zAnti0 175 / 18,16) mRtaM putraM duHkhapuSTaM manuSyA utkSipya rAjan ! svagRhAnnirharanti / . taM muktakezAH karuNaM rudanti citAmadhye kASThamiva kSipanti // (udyoga0 40 / 15) agnau prAstaM tu puruSa, karmAnveti svayaM kRtm| (udyoga0 40 / 18) anyo dhanaM pretagatasya bhuMkte, vayAMsi cAgnizca zarIradhAtUn / dvAbhyAmayaM saha gacchatyamutra, puNSeta pApena ca ceSTyamAnaH // (udyoga0 40 / 17) utsRjya vinivarvante, jJAtayaH suhRdaH sutAH / apuSpAnaphalAn vRkSAn yathA tAta patatriNaH // (udyoga0 40 / 17) anugamya vinAzAnte, nivartante ha bAndhavAH / agnau prakSipya puruSa, jJAtayaH suhRdastathA // (zAnti0 321174) accayanti ahorattA ... ... .... ... ... ... ... / ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... || theragAthA (148) vedAnadhItya brahmacaryeNa putra !, putrAnicchet pAvanArtha pitaNAm / agnInAdhAya vidhivacceSTayajJo, vanaM pravizyAtha muniLUbhUSet // (zAntiparva 175 / 6;27716; jAtaka 506 / 4) vedA na saccA na ca vittalAbho, na puttalAbhena jaraM vihanti / gandhe rame muccanaM Ahu santo, sakammunA hoti phalapapatti // (jAtaka 506 / 6) idaM kRtamidaM kAryamidamanyat kRtAkRtam / evamIhAsubAsaktaM, mRtyurAdAya gacchati // (zAnti0 175 / 20) ki te dhanairbAndhavairvApi ki te, ki te dArAhmaNa ! yo mariSyasi / AtmAnamanviccha guhaM praviSTa, pitAmahAste kva gatAH pitA ca // (zAnti0 155 // 38)

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(14 / 21) (14 / 22) uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSA abhAhayami logami savvao' privaarie| amohAhiM paDantIhi, gihaMsi na raI labhe // keNa abhAhao logo ? keNa vA parivArio ? / kA vA amohA vuttA ? jAyA ! ciMtAvaro humi // maccUNAjbhAhao logo, jarAe privaario| amohA rayaNI vuttA, evaM tAya ! viyANaha // jA jA baccai rayaNI, na sA paDiniyattaI / ahammaM kuNamANasa, aphalA janti rAio // jA jA vaccai rayaNI, na sA paDiniyattaI / dhammaM ca kuNamANassa, saphalA janti rAio // . . (14 / 23) (14 / 24,25) (14 / 27) (14 / 26) (14 / 38) jassatthi maccUNA sakkhaM, jassa va'tthi palAyaNaM / jo jANe na marissAmi, so hu kaMkhe sue siyA // pahINaputtassa hu natthi vAso, vAsiThi ! bhikkhAyariyAi kaalo| . sAhAhi rukkho lahae samAhiM, chinnAhi sAhAhi . tameva khANuM // vantAsI puriso rAyaM ! na so hoi psNsio| mAhaNeNa pariccattaM, dhaNaM AdAumicchasi // sAmisaM kulalaM dissa, bajjhamANaM nirAmisaM / AmisaM savvamujjhittA, viharissAmi nirAmisA // nAgo vva bandhaNaM chittA, appaNo vasahiM ve| eyaM patthaM mahArAyaM ! usuyAri tti me suyaM // karakaNDU kaliMgesu, paMcAlesu ya dummuho| namI rAyA videhesu, gandhAresu ya naggaI // ee narindavasabhA, nikkhantA jinnsaasnne| putai rajje ThavittANaM, sAmaNNe pajjuvaTThiyA // (14 / 46) (14 / 48) (1845,46)

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447 khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 tulanAtmaka adhyayana evamabhyAhate loke samantAt parivArite / amoghAsu patantISu kiM dhIra iva bhASase // (zAntiparva 175 / 727717) kathamabhyAhato lokaH, kena vA parivAritaH / amoghAH kAH patantIha kiM nu bhISayasIva mAm // (zAntiparva 175 / 8,2778) mRtyunAmyAhato loko jarayA parivAritaH / ahorAtrAH patantyete nanu kasmAnna budhyase // (zAntiparva 17516,277 / 6) amoghA rAtrayazcApi nityamAyAnti yAnti ca / yadAhametajjAnAmi na mutyustiSThatIti h| so'haM kathaM pratIkSiSye jAlenApihitazcaran / rAzyAM rAzyAM vyatItAyAmAyuralpataraM yadA / gAdhodake matsya iva sukhaM vindeta kastadA // (yasyAM rAtryAM vyatItAyAM na kiJcicchabhamAcaret / ) tadeva vandhyaM divasamiti vidyAd vicakSaNaH / / anavApteSu kAmeSu mRtyurabhyeti mAnavam // (zAntiparva 175 / 10,11,12; zAntiparva (277 / 10,11,12) yassa assa sakkhI maraNena rAja, jarAya metto naraviriyasecha / yo cApi jajjA na marissaM kadAci, passeyyuM taM vassasataM arogaM // (jAtaka 5067) sAkhAhi rukkho labhate samannaM, pahINasAkhaM pana khAnu mAhu / pahINaputtassa mamajjhahoti, vAseThi bhikkhAcariyAya kAlo // (jAtaka 506 / 15) avamI brAhmaNo kAme, te tvaM paccAvamissasi / vantAdo puriso rAja, na so hoti pasaMsiyo // (jAtaka 509 / 18) sAmiSaM. kuraraM dRSTvA, badhyamAnaM nirAmiSaH / AmiSasya parityAgAt, kuraraH sukhamedhate // (zAntiparva 1786) idaM vatvA mahArAja esukArI disampati, raSTuM hitvAna pabbaji nAgo chetvA va bandhanaM // " (jAtaka 506 / 20) karaNDanAma kaliGgAnaM gandhArAnaJca naggajI, nimirAjA videhAnaM paJcAlAnaJca dumukkho; ete raTTAni hitvAna pabbajiMsu akiJcanA // (jAtaka 408 / 5)

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448 uttarAdhyayana eka : samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . (16 / 15) jammaM dukkhaM jarA dukkhaM, rogA ya maraNANi ya / aho dukkho hu: saMsAro, jatya kIsanti jantavo // appA naI veyaraNI, appA me kuuddsaamlii| appA kAmaduhA gheNU, appA me nandaNaM vaNaM // appA kattA vikattA ya, duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA. mittamamittaM - ca, duppaTThiyasupaTThio // (20136,37) (20 // 48) (20 / 24) na taM arI kaNThachettA karei, jaM se kare appaNiyA durppaa| se nAhiI muccumuhaM tu patte, pacchANutAveNa dayAvihUNo // duvihaM khaveUNa ya puNNapAvaM, niraMgaNe savvao vippamukke / tarittA samudaM va mahAbhavoghaM, samuddapAle apuNAgamaM gae // dhiratthu te jasokAmI ! jo taM jiiviykaarnnaa| vantaM icchasi AveDaM, seyaM te maraNaM bhave // agnihottamuhA veyA, jannaTThI veyasAM muhaM / nakkhatANa muhaM cando, dhammANaM kAsavo muhaM // (22 / 42) (25 // 16) (25 / 22) (25 / 23) tapasapANe viyANettA, saMgaheNa ya thAvare / jo na hiMsai tiviheNaM, taM vayaM bRma mAhaNaM // kohA va jai vA hAsA, lohA vA jai vA bhyaa| musaM na vayaI jo u, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // jahA pomaM jale jAyaM, novalippai vAriNA / evaM alitto kAmehi, taM vayaM bUma mAhaNaM // ma vi muNDieNa samaNo, na oMkAreNa bmbhnno| . na muNI raNavAseNaM, kusacIreNa na tAvaso // (25 / 26) *(25 / 26)

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 tulanAtmaka adhyayana jAtipi dukkhA jarApi dukkhA , vyAdhipi dukkhA maraNaMpi dukkhaM // (mahAvagga 1 / 6 / 16) attA hi attano nAtho, ko hi nAtho paro siyA / attanA va sudantena, nAthaM labhati dullabhaM // attanA va kataM pApaM, attanaM attasambhavaM / abhimanthati dummedhaM, vajiraM vasmamaya maNiM // attanA va kataM pApaM, attanA saMkilissati / attanA akataM pApaM, attanA va visujjhati // suddhi asuddhi paccatta', nAo ajhaM visodhaye // ......(dhammapada 12 / 4,5,6) uddharedAtmanAtmAnaM, nAtmAnamavasAdayet / prAtmaiva hyAtmano bandhurAtmaiva ripurAtmanaH // bandhurAtmAtmanastasya yenAtmaivAtmanA jitaH / anAtmanastu zatrutve vartetAtmaiva zatruvat // (gItA 6 / 5,6) diso disaM yantaM kayirA, verI vA pana verinaM / micchApaNihitaM citta, pApiyo naM tato kare // (dhammapadaM 3 / 10) . yadA pazyaH pazyate rukmavarNa, kartAramIzaM puruSa brahmayonim / tadA vidvAn puNyapApe vidhUya, niraJjanaM paramaM sAbhyamupaiti // (muNDakopaniSad 3 // 1 // 3) dhiratthu taM visaM vantaM yamahaM jiivitkaarnnaa| vantaM paJcAvamissAmi matamme jIvitA varaM // (visavanta jAtaka 69) aggihuttamukhA yA, sAvittI chandaso mukhaM / rAjA mukhaM manussAnaM, nadInaM sAgaro mukhaM // nakkhattAnaM mukhaM cando, Adicco tapataM mukhaM / pujhaM AkaMkhamAnAnaM, saMghove yajataM mukhaM // (suttanipAta 33 / 20,21) nighAya daMDaM bhUtesu, tasesu thAvaresu ca / yo hanti na ghAteti, tamahaM bra mi brAhmaNaM // (dhammapada 26 / 23) akakkasaM vijJApani, gira saccaM udIraye / yAya nAbhisaje kiMci, tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM // (dhammapada 26 / 26) vAripokkharapatte va, Araggeriva saaspo| yo na lippati kAmesu, tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM // (dhammapada 26 / 16) va muNDakeNa samaNo, abbato alikaM bhaNaM / icchAlAbhasamApanno, samaNo kiM bhavissati //

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450 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana samayAe samaNo hoi, bambhacereNa bmbhnno| nANeNa ya muNI hoi, taveNaM hoi tAvaso / (25 / 30) kammuNA bambhaNo hoi, kammuNA hoi khttio| baisso kammuNA hoi, suddo havai kammuNA // (25 // 31) khalaMkA jArisA jojjA, dussIsA vi hu taarisaa| joiyA dhammajANammi, mujjanti dhiidubbalA // na vA labhejjA niuNa sahAyaM, guNAhiyaM vA guNao samaM vaa| ekko vi pAvAi vivajjayanto, viharejja kAmesu asjjmaanno|| (28) (32 / 5)

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451 (dhammapada 19 / 6,11) khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 tulanAtmaka adhyayana na tena bhikkhu hoti, yAvatA bhikkhate pare / vissaM dhamma samAdAya, bhikkhu hoti na tAvatA // na monena munI hoti, mulharUpo aviddasu / yo ca tulaM va pagNayaha varamAdAya paNDito // na tena ariyo hoti, yena pANAni hiMsati / ahiMsA sabbapANAnaM ariyo'ti pavuccati // na jaTAhi na gottehi, na jaccA hoti braahmnno| monAddhi sa munirbhavatI, nAraNyavasanAnmuniH / / (dhammapada 19 / 13) (dhammapada 1915) (dhammapada 26 / 11) (udyogaparva 43 / 35) samitattA hi pApAnaM samaNo ti pavuccati / (dhammapada 1910) pApAni parivajjeti sa munI tena so munI / yo munAti ubho loke munI tena pavuccati // (dhammapada 19 / 14) na jaccA brAhmaNo hoti, na jaccA hoti abrAhmaNo / kammunA brAhmaNo hoti, kammunA hoti abrAhmaNo // kassako kammunA hoti,, sippiko hoti kammunA / vANijo kammunA hoti, pessiko hoti kammunA // (suttanipAta, mahA0 6 / 57,58) na jaccA vasalo hotI, na jaccA hoti brAhmaNo / kammunA vasalo hoti, kammunA hoti brAhmaNo // (suttanipAta, ura0 121,27) cAturvarNya mayA sRSTaM, guNakarmAvibhAgazaH / tasya kartAramapi mAM, viDyakartAramavyayam // (gItA 4 / 13) te tathA sikkhittA bAlA ajjamajjama gAravA / nAdayissanti upajjhAye khalUko viya sArathiM // (theragAthA 676) sUce. labhetha nipakaM sahAyaM, saddhi caraM sAdhuvihAridhIraM / abhibhUyya sabbAni parissayAni, careyya tenattamano satImA // no ce labhetha nipakaM sahAyaM, saddhi caraM sAdhuvihAridhIraM / rAjAva raThaM vijitaM pahAya, eko care mAtaMgara va naago|| ekasya caritaM seyyo, natthi bAle sahAyatA / eko care na ca pApAni kaayiraa| appossukko . mAtaMgara va naago|| (dhammapada 23 / 6,10,11) addhA pasaMsAma sahAyasaMpadaM seTThA samA sevitavvA sahAyA / ete aladdhA anavajjabhojI, ego care khaggavisANakappo // (suttanipAtta, ura0 3 / 13)

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana :: jahA ya kiMpAgaphalA maNoramA, raseNa vaSNeNa ya bhujjmaannaa| te khuDDae jIviya paccamANA, eovamA kAmaguNA vivAge // evindiyatthA ya maNassa atthA, dukkhassa heuM maNuyassa raaginnoN| te cetra thovaM pi kayAi dukkhaM, na vIyarAgassa karenti kiMci // (32 / 20) (32 / 100)

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 tulanAtmaka adhyayana 453-- 453 - trayI dharmamadharmArtha kiMpAkaphalasaMnibham / nAsti tAta ! sukhaM kiJcidatra duHkhazatAkule // (zAMkarabhASya, zvetA0 upa0, pR023) rAgadveSaviyuktastu viSayAnindriyaizcaran / AtmavazyavidheyAtmA prasAdamadhigacchati // (gItA 2 / 64) brAhmaNa jayaghoSa aura vijayaghoSa nAma ke do bhAI the| jayaghoSa muni bana gae / vijayaghoSa ne yajJa kA Ayojana kiyaa| muni jayaghoSa yajJavATa meM bhikSA lene ge| yajJa-svAmI ne bhikSA dene se inkAra kara diyA aura kahA ki yaha bhojana kevala bAhmaNoM ko hI diyA jaaygaa| taba muni jayaghoSa ne samabhAva rakhate hue use brAhmaNa ke lakSaNa batAe / uttarAdhyayana ke paccIsaveM adhyayana meM 19veM zloka se 32veM zloka taka brAhmaNoM ke lakSaNoM kA nirUpaNa hai aura (28,26,30,31) ke atirikta pratyeka zloka ke aMta meM 'taM vayaM vama mAhaNaM' aisA pada hai| isakI tulanA dhammapada ke brAhmaNavarga (36vA~), suttanipAta ke vAseTusutta (35) ke 245ve adhyAya se hotI hai| dhammapada ke brAhmaNavarga meM 42 zloka haiM aura unameM nau zlokoM ke atirikta (1,2, 5,6,7,8,10,11,12) sabhI zlokoM kA antima pada 'tamahaM brU mi brAhmaNaM' hai| . suttanipAta kA 'vAseTTha sutta' gadya-padyAtmaka hai| usameM 63 zloka haiN| unameM 26 zlokoM (27-45) kA antima caraNa 'tamahaM brUmi brAhmaNaM' hai| isameM kauna brAhmaNa hotA hai aura kauna nahIM, ina donoM praznoM kA sundara vivecana hai| antima niSkarSa yahI hai ki brAhmaNa janmanA nahIM hotA, karmaNA hotA hai| mahAbhArata, zAntiparva, adhyAya 245 meM 36 zloka haiN| unameM sAta zlokoM (11, 12,13,14,22,23,24) ke antima caraNa meM 'taM devA brAhmaNaM viduH' aisA pada hai| tInoM meM brAhmaNa ke svarUpa kI mImAMsA hai| uttarAdhyayana ke anusAra brAhmaNa (1) jo saMyoga meM prasanna nahIM hotA, viyoga meM khinna nahIM hotA, (2) jo Arya-vacana meM ramaNa karatA hai, jo pavitra hai, jo abhaya hai, (3) jo ahiMsaka hai, (4) jo satyaniSTha hai, (5) jo acauryavratI hai, (6) jo brahmacArI hai,

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454 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (7) jo anAsakta hai, (8) jo gRhatyAgI hai, (8) jo akiMcana hai, (10) jo gRhasthoM meM anAsakta hai aura (11) jo samasta karmoM se mukta hai, vaha brAhmaNa kahalAtA hai| dhammapada tathA suttanipAta ke anusAra brAhmaNa (1) jisake pAra, apAra aura pArApAra nahIM hai, jo nirbhaya hai, jo anAsakta hai, . (2) jo dhyAnI hai, nirmala hai, Asanabaddha hai. uttamArthI hai, (3) jo pApa-karma se virata hai, (4) jo susaMvRta hai, (5) jo satyavAdI hai, dharmaniSTha hai, (6) jo paMzukUla (phaTe cIthar3oM se banA cIvara) ko dhAraNa karatA hai, (7) jo kubalA, patalA aura basoM se maDhe zarIra vAlA hai, (5) jo akiMcana hai, tyAgI hai, (E) jo saMga aura Asakti se virata hai, (10) jo prabuddha hai, jo kSamAzIla hai, jo jitendriya hai, (11) jo carama zarIrI hai, (12) jo medhAvI hai, mArga-amArga ko jAnatA hai, (13) jo saMsarga-rahita hai, alpeccha hai, (14) jo ahiMsaka hai, avirodhI hai, jo satyavAdI hai, jo acauryavratI hai, jo atRSNa hai, jo niHsaMzaya hai, jo pavitra hai, jI anusrotanAmI hai, jo niHkleza hai, jo prANiyoM kI cyuti aura utpatti ko jAnatA hai aura (15) jo kSINAzrava hai, arhat hai, jisake pUrva, pazcAt aura madhya meM kucha nahIM hai, jo sampUrNa jJAnI hai-vaha brAhmaNa hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra brAhmaNa (1) jo logoM ke bIca rahatA huA bhI asaMga hone ke kAraNa sUnA rahatA hai, (2) jo jisa kisI vastu se apanA zarIra DhaMka letA hai, (3) jo rUkhA-sUkhA khA kara bhI bhUkha miTA letA hai, . (4) jo jahA~ kahIM bhI so rahatA hai,

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___455 khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 tulanAtmaka adhyayana 455 (5) jo lokeSaNA se virata hai, jisane svAda ko jIta liyA hai, jo striyoM meM Asakta nahIM hotA, (6) jo sammAna pA kara garva nahIM karatA, (7) jo tiraskAra pA kara khinna nahIM hotA, (8) jisane sampUrNa prANiyoM ko abhayadAna de diyA hai, (e) jo anAsakta hai, AkAza kI taraha nirlepa hai, (10) jo kisI bhI vastu ko apanI nahIM mAnatA, (11) jo ekAkI vicaraNa karatA hai, jo zAnta hai, (12) jisakA jIvana dharma ke lie hotA, jisakA dharma hari (AtmA) ke lie hotA hai, jo rAta-dina dharma meM lIna rahatA hai, (13) jo nistRSNa hai, jo ahiMsaka hai, jo namaskAra aura stuti se dUra rahatA hai, jo saba prakAra ke bandhanoM se mukta hai aura (14) jisake moha aura pApa dUra ho gae haiM, jo ihaloka aura paraloka ke bhogoM meM Asakta nahIM hotA-vaha brAhmaNa hai-brahmajJAnI hai|

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prakaraNa : sAtavA~ upamA aura dRSTAnta uttarAdhyayana meM gaMbhIra artha bhI sarasa-subodha paddhati se prakaTita huA hai| isa prakaTana meM upamAoM aura dRSTAntoM kA viziSTa yoga hai| yaha eka pavitra dharma-grantha hai| kintu upamAoM kI bahulatA dekha kara aisI pratIti hotI hai ki yaha kAvya-grantha hai| isIlie saMbhava hai vinTaranitja ne ise utkRSTa zramaNa-kAvya khaa| manuSya-jIvana kI tulanA pake hue duma-patra tathA kuza kI noka para Tike hue osa-bindu se kI gaI hai (10 / 2) / kAma-bhogoM kI tulanA kiMpAka phala se kI gaI hai (32 / 20) / ye phala dekhane meM manorama aura khAne meM madhura hote haiN| kintu inakA paripAka hotA hai mRtyu / kahIM-kahIM upamA-bodha bahuta sajIva ho uThA hai| bhRgu purohita apanI patnI se kaha : rahA hai-"maiM putra-vihIna ho kara vaisA ho rahA hU~, jaisA paMkha-vihIna paMchI hotA hai" 'paMkhAvihUNo va jaheha pakkhI' (14 / 30) sA~pa jaise keMculI ko chor3a kara calA jAtA hai, vaise hI putra bhogoM ko chor3a kara cale jA rahe haiM (14 / 34) / mahArAnI kamalAvatI ne kahA-"jaise pakSiNI piMjar3e meM rati nahIM pAtI, vaise hI meM isa bandhana meM rati nahIM pA rahI hU~" 'nAhaM rame pakkhi Ni paMjare vA' (14 / 41) ___ amA kI aMdhiyArI meM dIe ke sahAre calane vAle kA dIyA bujha jAe, usa samaya vaha dekha kara bhI nahIM dekha paataa| isI prakAra dhana se mRr3ha banA vyakti dekha kara bhI nahIM dekha paataa| (45) upamA aura dRSTAntoM kA avikala saMkalana nIce diyA jA rahA haiupamAe~ galiyasse va kasaM 1 / 12 kasaM va daTThamAiNNe 1 / 12 galiyassaM va vAhae 1137 bhUyANaM jagaI jahA 1145 kAlIpavaMgasaMkAse 2 / 3

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457 2 / 10 2 / 17 3 / 12 3114 4 // 5 4 // 6 khaNDa 2,prakaraNa : 7 . upamA aura dRSTAnta nAgo maMgAmasIse vA paMkabhUyA u ghayasittavva pAvae mahAsukkA va dippantA dIvappaNadeva bhAruNDapakkhI ca Ase jahA sikkhiyavammadhArI duhao malaM saMciNai, sisuNAgu va maTTiyaM dhutte va kalinA jie pakkhI pattaM samAdAya kusaggamettA bajjhaI macchiyA va khelaMmi taranti ataraM vaNiyA va nijjAi udagaM va thalAo AsIvisovamA abale jaha bhAravAhae Ase javeNa pavare jahAiNNasamArUDhe jahA kareNuparikiNNe, kuMjare saTThihAyaNe vasahe. jUhAhivaI sIhe miyANa pavare .. appaDihayabale johe jahA se cAurante cakkavaTTI mahiDDhie jahA se sahassakhe, vajjapANI purandare jahA se timiraviddhaMse, uttiTunte divAyare jahA se uDuvaI cande jahA se sAmAiyANaM koTrAgAre jahA sA dumANa pavarA, jambU nAma sudaMsaNA jahA sA naINa pavarA jahA se nagANa pavare, sumahaM mandare girI jahA se sayaMbhUramaNe samuddagambhIrasamA 58 . . . 4 // 5 / 10 5 / 16 6 / 15 7 / 24 8.5 86 8 6 / 53 10 // 33 11 / 16 11 / 17 11118 11 / 16 11020 11121 11122 11123 11 / 24 1125 11 / 26 11 / 27 11128 11 / 26 11 / 30 11 / 31

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458 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana agaNiM va pakkhanda payaMgaseNA jaheha sIho va miyaM gahAya nAgo jahA paMkajalAvasanno jahA ya aggI araNI'santo khIre ghayaM tella mahAtilesu paMkhA vihUNo vva jaheha pakkhI bhiccA vihUNo vva raNe narindo vivannasAro vaNio vva poe juNNo va haMso paDisottagAmI jahA ya bhoI ! taNuyaM bhuyaMgo, nimmoyaNi hicca palei mutto chindattu jAlaM abalaM va rohiyA, macchA jahA.... . naheva kuMcA samaikkamantA, tayANi jAlANi dalittu haMsA pakkhiNi paMjare vA giddhovame urago suvaNNapAse va nAgo vva bandhaNaM chittA, appaNo vasahiM vae visaM tAlauDaM jahA visameva garahie amayaM va pUie vijjusaMpAyacaMcalaM ummatto vva mahiM care deve dogundage ceva visaphalovamA pheNabubbuyasannibhe jahA kimpAgaphalANaM pariNAmo na sundaro guruo lohamAro vva AgAse gaMgasou vva paDisoo vva duttaro bAhAhi sAgaro vAluyAkavale asidhArAgamaNaM ahIvegantadiTThIe 12 / 27 13 / 22 13 / 30 14 / 18. 14 / 18 14 / 18 14 / 30 14 / 30 14 / 30 14.33 14 / 34 14/35 14 / 36 14 / 41 14 / 47 14 / 47 14 / 48 16.13 17 / 20 1721 18 / 13 18151 16 / 3 1611 1913 16 / 17 1635 16 / 36 16 // 36 16 / 37 16 // 37 16 / 38

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 7 upamA aura dRSTAnte 456 1938 16 / 36 16 / 40 .16 / 41 16 / 42 1950 16 / 53 1656 1957 16 / 63 1664 1665 1966 1967 1986 16087 javA lohamayA jahA aggisihA dittA jahA dukkhaM bhareuM je hoi vAyassa kotthalo jahA tulAe toleu, dukkaraM mandaro girI jahA bhUyAhiM tariuM, dukkaraM rayaNAgaro mahAdavaggisaMkAse mahAjantesu ucchU vA rojjho vA jaha pADiA mahiso viva mio vA avaso maccho vA avaso. sauNo viva vaDDhaIhiM dumo viva kumArehiM ayaM piva mahAnAgo vva kaMcuyaM reNuyaM va paDe laggaM vAsIcandaNakappo satyaM jahA paramatikkhaM / indAsaNisamA polle va muTThI jaha se asAre ayantie kUDakahAvaNe vA rADhAmaNI veruliyappagAse visaM tu pIyaM jaha kAlakUDaM * 'satyaM jahaM kuggahIyaM veyAla iva aggI vivA kurarI vivA vihaga iva devo dogundao jahA sIho va saddeNa na saMtasejjA saMgAmasIse iva nAgarAyA meru vva 1962 20120 20121 20142 20142 20142 20144 20144 20144 20147 20.50 20160 2117 21 / 14 21 / 17 2111.6

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460 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sUrie vantalikkhe 21223 samuhUM va 21 / 24 vijjusoyAmaNippabhA 227 sire cUDAmaNI jahA 22 / 10 bhamarasannibhe 22 / 30 mA kule gandhaNA homo 22 / 43 vAyAviddho vva haDho 22 / 44 . aMkuseNa jahA nAgo 22146 candasUrasamappabhA 23118 jahA candaM gahAIyA 2517 bhAsacchannA ivagiNo 25 // 18 aggI vA mahio jahA 25 / 16 jahA pomaM jale jAyaM, novalippai vAriNA 25 / 26 khalaMkA jArisA jojjA 278 rAyaveTiThaM va mannantA 27113 jAyapakkhA jahA haMsA 27 / 14 jArisA mama sIsAu, tArisA galigaddahA 27116 udae vva tellabindU 282 ohariyabhAro vya bhAravahe 2612 jahA sUI sasuttA 2656 jahA mahAtalAyassa sanniruddha jalAgame 3015 jahA ya aNDappabhavA balAgA, aNDaM balAgappabhA jahA ya 3016 dumaM jahA sAuphalaM va pakkhI 32 / 10 parAio vAhirivosahehiM . 32 / 12 jahA mahAsAgaramuttarittA naI bhave avi gaMgAsamANA 32 / 18 jahA vA payaMge 32 / 24 jaleNa vA pokkhariNIpalAsaM 32 // 34,47,60,73,86,66 hariNamige va muddhe 32 // 37 osahigandhagiddhe sappe bilAo viva 32 / 50 baDisavibhinnakAe macche jahA 32 / 63 sIyajalAvasanne gAhamahIe mahise varanne 3276 kareNumaggAvahie va nAge 32 / 86

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khaNDa 2, prekaraNa : 7 upamA aura dRSTAnta 461 jImUyaniddhasaMkAsA gavalarigasannibhA khaMjaNaMjaNanayaNanibhA nIlA'sogasaMkAsA cAsapicchasamappabhA veruliyaniddhasaMkAsA ayasIpupphasaMkAsA koilacchadasannibhA pArevayagIvanibhA hiMguluyadhAusaMkAsA taruNAiccasannibhA suyatuNDapaIvanibhA hariyAlabheyasaMkAsA haliddAbheyasannibhA saNAsaNakusumanibhA saMkhaMkakundasaMkAsA khIrapUrasamappabhA ryyhaarsNkaasaa| dRSTAnta 344 34 // 4 34 / 4 34 / 5 34 / 5 34.5 34 / 6 346 346 34/7 347 34 / 7 34 / 8 34 / 8 348 34 / 6 346 34 // 114 115 4 / 3 5 / 14,15 71-10 7.11,12 7 / 14-16 7.23 101 1012 11115 14 / 42,43 kuttI kA dRSTAnta / sUara kA dRSTAnta / cora kA dRSTAnta / gADIvAn kA dRSTAnta / urabhra kA dRSTAnta / kAgiNI aura Amra kA dRSTAnta / tIna vaNikoM kA dRSTAnta / kuzAgra bindu kA dRSTAnta / drumapatra kA dRSTAnta / kuzAgna bindu kA dRSTAnta / zaMkha kA dRSTAnta / davAgni kA dRSTAnta /

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462 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 14 / 44,46 1618-21 16 / 22,23 1977-83 22 / 45 25 / 40,41 32 / 11 32 / 13 32 / 20 pakSI kA dRSTAnta / pAtheya kA dRSTAnta / jalate hue ghara kA dRSTAnta / mRga kA dRssttaant| gopAla kA dRSTAnta / miTTI ke gole kA dRSTAnta / davAgni kA dRSTAnta / . biDAla kA dRSTAnta / kiMpAka phala kA dRSTAnta /

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anuSTup prakaraNa : AThavA~ chandovimarza uttarAdhyayana kA adhika bhAga padyAtmaka hai| isameM 1638 zloka haiN| isameM donoM prakAra ke chanda-mAtrAvRtta aura varNavRtta vyavahRta hue haiN| mAtrAvRtta varNavRtta gAthA upajAti indravajrA upendravajA vaMzastha kucha caraNoM meM nau, dasa, gyAraha Adi akSara haiM / navAkSara vAle kaI chanda haiM, jaisemahAlakSmI, sAraMgikA, pAittA, kamala Adi / ' kintu unase navAkSara vAle caraNoM kI gaNa-saMgati nahIM baiThatI hai, isalie unheM gAthA chanda ke antargata hI rakhA gayA hai| isI prakAra dasa, gyAraha Adi akSaroM vAle chandoM se bhI caraNoM kI saMgati nahIM hai| gAthA chanda meM sabakA samAveza ho jAtA hai, isalie hamane unheM gAthA kI koTi meM rakhA hai| adhyayana 1 isameM 48 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 113,211,2,3 / 1,2,4 / 3 / 5 / 16 / 3;7 / 4, 6 / 1,1111,2,12 / 2,16 / 1; 17 / 3;2012,3,21 / 2,3,22 / 1; 23 / 2;25 / 1; 26 / 1,2; 32 / 1,34 / 3; 42 / 1,3,43 / 1,3,44 / 2945 / 3 upajAti chanda-13,48 vaMzastha chanda-.47 anuSTupa chanda- ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa tathA avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 2 isameM 46 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 111,2 / 13 / 3 / 10 / 112 / 3 / 18 / 423 / 1,3,35 / 2,38 / 1,40 / 1 anuSTupa chanda- ukta zlokoM ke avaziSTa caraNa tathA zeSa zloka / . 1-prAkRta paiMgalam, pR0 216-223 / 2-vahI, pR0 224-242 /

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464 . uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . . adhyayana 3 isameM 20 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 16 // 2,2011 anuSTap chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 4 ___ isameM 13 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haiupajAti chanda-sampUrNa adhyayana / adhyayana 5 isameM 32 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 3 / 18 / 1,10 / 3 / 16 / 3, 16 / 1,2,4;23 / 1:27 / 3 / 26 / 3;30 / 1,31 / 3; 32 / 3 anuSTup chanda- ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa tathA avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 6 ___ isameM 17 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA-chanda- 6 / 4;17 / anuSTupa chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 7 isameM 30 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 2 / 115 // 3,16 / 4 / 16 / 2;2011;24 / 1 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 8 isake padya gIta-geya haiM / inakA lakSaNa 'uggAhA' se kucha milatA hai|' adhyayana 9 inameM 62 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-1,2,3,4,5,711;6|1,4,10|3|12|3|14|3;2011;26|1;28|3,36|1, 238 / 2,44 // 3,46 / 1,46 / 1,3,53 / 3:55 / 1,4,56 / 2,56,60,61 / 3; 62 / 4 upajAti chanda-48 anuSTupa chanda- ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / 1-prAkRta paiMgalam, pR0 62 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :8 chandovimarza ____ 465 465 adhyayana 10 cUNi ke anusAra isa adhyayana meM vRtta haiM, gAthAe~ nahIM haiN| adhyayana 11 isameM 32 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAyA chnd-13,2|4|5|1; 6 / 1,3; 7 / 16 / 3; 1011, 11 / 3; 13 / 1,215 / 1,2 16 / 1,4,17 / 4 / 18 / 1,3,4; 19 / 1,2, 2011,4,21 / 1,3,4,22 / 1,3,4, 23 // 1,3,4,24 / 1,4;25 / 1,3,4,26 / 4; 27 / 1,4;28 / 1,3,4,26 / 1,4; 30.1,3,4 vaMzastha chanda-31 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 12 isameM 47 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-4|3,4 upajAti chanda-6 se 17; 20se25; 27se 33, 35se47 indravajrA chanda-1816 anuSTup chnd-4|1,2 va avaziSTa zloka / 26veM zloka kA tIsarA caraNa campakamAlA . chanda ke sadRza hai| adhyayana 13 . isameM 35 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-1,2,3,6|1|6|128|2;26|1 indravajrA chanda-24 upajAti chanda-10 se 15:17 se 23; 25 se 27; 30 se 35 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa tathA avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 14 __ isameM 53 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-22|3|26|2;46|4;47|3,52|1,53|1 upajAti chanda-1 se 20; 28 se 37,40,41 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 15 isameM 16 zloka haiM / ve indravajrA kI koTi ke vRtta haiN|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana adhyayana 16 ___ isameM 17 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-5|26|2|11|4|12|2,4,17|1 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 17 - isameM 21 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-3|3,4,4|1,2,4,5|1,4; 6 / 4;7 / 3,4;8 / 4 / 6 / 2,3,4,10 // 3,4,11 / 3,4; 12 / 4;13 / 1,4,14 / 1,4,15 / 4;1614;1714,18 / 3,4,16 / 3,4. upajAti chanda-1;220;21 upendravajrA chnd-6|3 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 18 ___ isameM 53 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-3|1,411,3,531,6|4; 7 / 18 / 3; 6 / 1,2,3; 1013; 11 / 2; 15 / 2;18 / 3; 19 / 321 / 1,3,4;22 / 3; 23 / 1,3; 2812,4,30 / 4; 31 / 1,3; 33 / 1,2; 34 // 3,35 // 2,3;36 / 4;3711,40 / 2,4134,4331,2,48 / 1,4 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 19 isameM 18 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-1|3,4|1,3,512,3,6|2;711,2,4,8|1,3,6|3|13|3|28|1|26|1,3114; 32 // 3,34 / 3,373339 / 3; 4531,3,4711,3,48 / 3;46 / 3,5112,52 / 3; 53 / 1,54 / 1;55 / 1;56 / 1; 59 / 4; 6013; 62 / 2, 63 / 4; 64 / 1,3,66 / 1; 68 / 2,371 / 2; 72 / 4;73 / 4; 75 / 1; 76 / 1;81383 / 3; 84 / 1;85 / 1; 86 / 2;62 / 4;64 / 1 upajAti chanda-10,671 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / zloka-88 / yaha gAthA chanda kI parigaNanA meM A sakatA hai, kintu gaNa gAthA chanda ke anurUpa nahIM hai|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :8 chandovimarza 5 pama . . . adhyayana 20 ____ isameM 60 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 1 / 1 / 19 / 310 / 1,16 / 1,16 / 1,2,2011;21 / 4 / 22 / 1; 2711,2812; 313;33 / 3,35 / 1,45 / 4,54 / 2;56 / 3 . indravajrA chanda-55 .. .. upajAti chanda-38 se 53,58 anaSTapa chanda- ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa shlok| zloka-60 mAtrA kI dRSTi se gAthA chanda kI parigaNanA meM A sakatA hai| kintu gaNa gAthA chanda ke anurUpa nahIM hai| . adhyayana 21 isameM 24 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda.--- 1 // 32 // 1,4,3 / 1,4 / 1,3,4,6 / 2;10 / 1,3 upajAti chanda-11 se 20;22 se 24 21vA~ zloka mizrita chandoM meM hai| anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka adhyayana 22 . . . . isameM 46 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haimAthA chanda- 112 / 4,3 / 1,4 / 35 / 36 / 1,2;716 / 3,4,10 / 1,3,1111,1211, 3;17 / 1,16 / 120 se 24,25 / 1,3,26 / 3;27 / 4 / 28 / 1,301,2,3; . 3111,32 / 1,3,33 / 4,40 / 1;41 / 1,2,4,43 / 2,4403 ... . anuSTup chanda- ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 23 isameM 86 zlokaM haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 3 / 49 / 3;17 / 2,4,18 / 3;27 // 1,2,40 / 4;48 / 3,50 / 1,5353;58 / 3; 65 / 3883 anuSTupa chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa shlok| adhyayana 24 ___isameM 27 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 11,22 / 13 / 1,3,4,4 / 3,6 / 3 / 8 / 4 / 11 / 1,12 / 1;14 / 4 / 15 / 1:162, .. 3,15418 / 3 / 16 / 1,2111,23 / 1,25 / 1,26 / 1,2 anuSTupa chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa shlok|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana adhyayana 25 isameM 43 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 4 // 351,3,6 / 1;712;6 / 1:11 / 1,13 / 3,201322 / 3 / 26 / 1,4,3011; 34 / 2;35 / 2,37 / 3,38 / 3,36 / 1,40 / 4,43 / 3 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 26 ___ isameM 52 zloka haiM / unakaH chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 2 / 14 / 15 / 1,3,4,6 / 4 / 11 / 1,3,4,12 / 1,3,4,13 / 4,15 / 3 / 16 / 1, 2,4;17 / 3,4,18 / 1; 3,4,16; 20,21 / 222 / 3,23 / 1,3;24 se 30; 32 se 34;35 / 1,4; 36 / 3;38 / 1, 2,36 / 3;40 / 1,4211,3,43 / 1,3; 44 / 3,481151 / 1,52 / 1 anuSTup chanda- ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 27 isameM 17 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 2 / 3,6 / 210 / 1,2,11 / 3,4,13 / 2;14 / 1 / 15 / 116 / 1,4,17 / 3 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 28 isameM 36 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 102,16,17,18 / 1,2,4,16,21 se 27,29,30,32,33 / 2 anuSTupa chanda- ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / zloka-20,28,31 mAtrA kI dRSTi se gAthA chanda kI parigaNanA meM A sakate haiM, kintu gaNa gAthA chanda ke anurUpa nahIM hai / adhyayana 26 yaha sArA adhyayana gadyAtmaka hai| adhyayana 30 isameM 37 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 2,3,6 / 3 / 6 / 1,2,4,10 // 3,4,11,12 / 1,13 / 2,3,4,1551,17,18; 20,2111,2,3,22 se 24;25 / 1:26 / 3,4;27 / 4 / 28 / 1,3,30,3112; 32 // 1,4,33 / 1,2,36 / 3

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khaNDa 2.prakaraNa: chandovimarza 466 anuSTupa chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / 3 loka-8,16 mAtrA kI dRSTi se gAthA chanda kI parigaNanA meM A sakate haiM, kintu gaNa gAthA chanda ke anurUpa nahIM hai| adhyayana 31 isameM 21 zloka haiM / unakA chanda bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 111,6 / 1;7 / 2;1012,1111,12 / 1,1331,14 / 1 / 15 / 1,16 / 2 anuSTa ra chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 32 - isameM 111 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haiupajAti chandaH-sampUrNa adhyayana / adhyayana 33 - isameM 25 zloka haiN| unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chanda- 41,3,5,6;7 / 1,2,6 / 3 / 11 / 2,13 / 2;14 / 1 / 15 / 2;16 / 1,3,173; 1914;2011;21 / 4 / 22 / 423 / 4 anuSTap chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 34 isameM 61 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-1|12|1,2,4|2,3,5|1,3,71,3,8|1,3,2533;26|1,4;28|426|2; 30 / 4,3114,32 / 4 / zloka-10 se 21,23,33 se 61 gAthA, anuSTup Adi mizrita chandoM meM haiN| anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / adhyayana 35 isameM 21 zloka haiM / unaka chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-11,3,4|3|6|3|6|2;1012,1111,13|3;14|3,4,15|3|16|1,1714, 16 / 3,2003 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka /

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana adhyayana 36 ... isameM 268 zloka haiM / unakA chanda-bodha isa prakAra haigAthA chnd-111,26|3;7|4|8|1,2,6|1:10|3|11|4|13|2|14|2915|4|16|1; . 17118 / 1:16 / 1,200321 / 1,4;22 / 4 / 23 / 4 / 24 / 4 / 25 / 4 / 26 / 4; 27 / 4 / 28 / 4 / 29 / 4; 30 / 4 / 31 / 4;32 / 4; 33 / 1,4;34 / 4;35 / 4;36 / 4; 27 / 4,38 / 4,36 / 4;40 / 4; 41 / 4;45 / 1,46 / 1,4,47 / 3,48 / 25013; 51 / 3,4,52 / 3,4,53 / 3,454 / 4; 56 / 1,58 / 1,3,4,563,4,6013; 65 / 1,66 / 3,66 / 370 / 1,3;72 / 1;73 / 3,4,74 / 3,4,75/3,4,7611, 4;77 / 4;80 / 1,481 / 2,82 / 2,4;84 / 385 / 3,4,86 / 2; 88 / 1,3,4; 862,3,6012,92 / 1,3; 94 / 195 / 1,2,3,97 / 1,3,100 / 2,102 / 4; 103 / 2;10412,4,106 / 1,108 / 3109 / 3113 / 1,3,4,114 / 2,3 115 / 21173 118 / 4;119 / 1,2; 122 / 1,3,4; 123 / 2,3,124 / 2; 126 / 1,4; 127 / 3 / 128 / 1,2; 132 / 4,133 / 2; 134 / 2,3, 136 / 3 138 / 1,22141 / 4; 142 / 2; 143 / 2,3, 145 / 1,3,146 / 3,147 / 3; 148 / 3;149 / 1141 / 4,151 / 1,3,4,152 / 2,3,153 / 2; 155/2,4; 156 / 2,157 / 1:161 / 1,3,162 / 1,4,163 / 4; 164 / 4;165 / 1,3,5; 166 / 1, 167 / 2,3; 168 / 2,4; 171 / 1,2; 172 / 1,4; 175/3, 4; 176 / 3,4,177 / 2,4,176 / 1,2,180 / 1,4; 181 / 1,2,184 / 1,3,4; 185 / 1,4,186 / 1,4,188 / 2,3; 191 / 3,4; 1621,4; 193 / 1,4; 195 / 1; 197 / 1,2, 198 / 2,200 / 1,4; 201 / 1,4,202 / 4,204 / 4; 205 / 1,4,206 / 4;207 / 2,4; 2114,213 / 3; 214 / 2,3,4, 215/1; 222 / 1, 224 / 3; 228 / 4; 229/4; 2301,4; 231 / 1,4; 233 / 1; 234 / 1,236 / 4; 237 / 1; 239 / 3; 240 / 1; 241 / 1,4; 243 / 1,3; 245 / 3; 246 / 2; 249 / 3; 252 / 1,2,3,253 / 1,4,254 / 3,4,256; 257,258H259,266 anuSTup chanda-ukta zlokoM ke zeSa caraNa va avaziSTa zloka / zloka-260 se 267 mAtrA kI dRSTi se gAthA chanda kI parigaNanA meM A sakatehaiM, kintu gaNa gAthA chanda ke anurUpa nahIM hai /

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prakaraNa : nauvA~ 1-vyAkaraNa-vimarza ArSa-sAhitya meM arvAcIna prAkRta vyAkaraNoM kI apekSA kucha viziSTa prayoga milate haiN| uttarAdhyayana meM bRhad vRttikAra ne yatra-tatra vyAkaraNa kA vimarza kiyA hai| jahA~ bRhadvRttikAra kA vimarza prApta nahIM hai vahA~ hamane apanI ora se usakI pUrti kI hai| prastuta viSaya nau bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-1-sandhi, 2-kAraka, 3-vacana, 4-samAsa, 5-pratyaya, 6-liGga, 7-kriyA aura arddha kriyA, 8-ArSa-prayoga ora 6-vizeSa-vimarza / 1-sandhi jattaM 1121 isameM do zabda haiM-'ja' aura 'tN'| 'ja' ke bindu kA lopa aura 'ta' ko dvitva karane para 'jattaM' (saM0 yat tat) rUpa niSpanna huA hai|' suirAdavi 7 / 18 yaha maMskRta-tulya sandhi-prayoga hai / (saM0 suciraadpi)| vippariyAsuvei 20 / 46 - yaha sandhi kA alAkSaNika prayoga hai| (vipriyaasN+uvei)| (ka) hrasva kA dIrdhIkaraNa maNUsA 4 / 2 __ yahA~ eka sakAra kA lopa aura ukAra ko dIrgha kiyA gayA hai| samAyayantI 4 / 2 yahA~ 'tI' meM ikAra dIrgha hai| paratthA 4 / 5 / yahA~ 'tyA' meM akAra dIrgha hai| phusantI 4 / 11 yahA~ 'tI' meM ikAra dIrgha hai| aNegavAsAnauyA 713 .. yahA~ 'vAsA' meM akAra dIrgha hai| .1-bRhad vRtti, patra 55 // 2-vahI, patra 277 /

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472 uttarAdhyayana eka : samIkSAtmaka adhyayana paurAe 81 ___ yahA~ chanda kI dRSTi se 'rakAra' ko dIrgha kiyA hai| narAhivA 32 yahA~ 'vA' meM akAra dIrgha hai| puNarAvi 10 / 16 yahA~ 'rA' meM akAra dIrgha hai| kaMTakApahaM 10 // 32 yahA~ 'kA' meM akAra dIrgha hai / yaha alAkSaNika hai|' annamannamaNUrattA 135 yahA~ 'NU' meM ukAra dIrgha hai| bhavammI 14.1 yahA~ 'mmI' meM ikAra dIrgha hai| vI 1413 yahA~ ikAra dIrgha hai| icchaI 155 yahA~ 'ikAra' dIrgha hai|3 agamAhisI 11 ___yahA~ 'mA' meM akAra dIrgha hai| amgIvivA 20147 __yahA~ 'vA' meM akAra dIrgha hai|' . jatthA 21117 yahA~ akAra dIrgha hai| maMtAjogaM 36 / 264 yahA~ 'tA' meM akAra dIrgha hai| (kha) dIrgha kA hrasvIkaraNa pakkhiNI 14141 yahA~ 'Ni' meM ikAra hrasva hai| 1-vRhad vRtti, patra 313 / 2-vahI, patra 340 / 3-vahI, patra 415 / 4-dahI, patra 479 /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 vyAkaraNa-vimarza 473 buddhaputte 26 / 27 pamANi yahA~ "Ni' meM ikAra hrasva hai / 2--kAraka (ka) vibhakti vihIna prayoga vibhakti vihIna rUpa vibhakti vihIna rUpoM kI prApta vibhaktiyAM / 117 buddhaputta 1139 bhAya bhAyA 1136 kallANa kallANaM 2 / 22 bhikkhu bhikkhU 2142 kallANa kallANaM 41 jIviya / jIviyaM 43 mokkha mokkho 414 saMsAramAvanna saMsAramAvanne 47 jIviya jIviyaM 10 Au .. Aummi 7 / 30 eva : 82 asiNeha asiNehe 1036 gAma gAme 12 / 11 bhoyaNa bhoyaNaM 12 / 16 isi isiM 12 / 30 khaMDiya khaMDiye 12 / 37 jAivisesa jAiviseso 12 / 47 uttama ThANa uttamaM ThANaM 13 / 24 suMdara suMdaraM 13 // 35 saMjama saMjamaM 14 / 2 niviNNa nidhiNNA .. 143 kumAra kumArA 14 / 5 porANiya porANiyaM 1415 tava tavaM tellaM - 14.16 indiyagejjha indiyagejjhe 60 .14 / 16 tella

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474 uttarAdhyayana eka : samIkSAtmaka-adhyayana puNNaM 14 / 45 hattha hatthammi 159 bhoiya bhoiyA 1716 saMjaya saMjayaM 20143 jIviya joviyaM 2043 saMjaya saMjayaM 21112 ahiMsa ahiMsaM 21314 vayajoga vayajogaM 2115 savva savvaM 21115 savva savvaM 24 / 24 ullaMghaNapallaMghaNe ullaMghane pallaMghane 25 / 27 muhAjIvo muhAjIvoM 28 / 17 puNNa 28 / 31 nissaMkiya nissaMkiyaM 28 / 31 nikkaMkhiya nikkaMkhiyaM 32 // 14 iMgiya iMgiyaM 32 / 20 jIviya jIviye . 33 / 11 solasaviha solasavihaM . (kha) vibhakti-vyatyaya 11 ANupubvi-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai / (19)* 1 / 31 kAleNa-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (56) 1133 nAidUra-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai| (56) 2 / 3 adINamaNaso-yahA~ prathamA ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai| vRttikAra ne isake do rUpa kiye haiM-adInamanAH, adInamAnasaH / (84) 24 esaNaM- yahA~ caturthI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai / (86) 2 / 24 tesiM--yahA~ caturthI ke sthAna meM SaSThI vibhakti aura ekavacana ke sthAna meM bahuvacana kA prayoga huA hai| (111) * yahA~ se lekara pUre prakaraNa kI sabhI saMkhyAe~ bRhad vRtti kI patra-saMkhyAe~ haiM /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 vyAkaraNa-vimarza 475 5 / 1 duruttaraM yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai| TIkAkAra ne isa vyatyaya ke sAtha-sAtha ise kriyA-vizeSaNa bhI mAnA hai / (241) 5 / 11 paralogassa-yahA~ paMcamI ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai| (246) 5 / 16 akAmamaraNaM-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM dvitIyA hai / (248) 5 / 16 savvesu bhikkhUsu-) yahA~ SaSThI ke artha meM saptamo vibhakti hai / (246) 5 / 16 svvesu'gaarisu5|32 sakAmamaraNaM- ) / yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai / (254) 5 // 32 tiNhamannayaraM7124 kassa-yahA~ dvitIyA ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai| (283) 8 / 2 siNehakarehi-yahA~ saptamI ke sthAna para tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (260) 88 savvadukkhANaM-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai / (263) 6 / 35 appANaM-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai / (314) 6 / 54 mAyA-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti hai / (318) 11 / 6 caudasahiM ThANehiM-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai| (345) 11 / 8 mittesu-yahA~ caturthI ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti hai / (346) 11115 bhikkhU-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti hai / (348) 11331 suyassa.. viulassa--yahA~ donoM zabdoM meM tRtIyA ke sthAna para SaSThI -vibhakti hai / (353) 12 / 3 jannavADaM-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai / (358) 12 / 6 aTTA-yahA~ caturthI ke artha meM prathamA vibhakta hai| (360) 12 / 17 me-yahA~ dvitIyA ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai| (360) 12 / 17 -yahA~ caturthI ke artha meM SaSThI kA prayoga huA hai / (363) 13 / 10 kaDANa kammANa--yahA~ paMcamI ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai| (384) 13 / 26 tassa-yahA~ paMcamI ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai / (360) 14 / 4. kAmaguNe-yahA~ paMcamI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai / (367) . 14 / 28 jahiM-yahA~ dvitIyA ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti hai / (404) 15 / 8 Aure--yahA~ SaSThI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai| (417) 15 // 12 taM-yahA~ tRtIyA vibhakti honI caahie| (416) - 182 hayANIe gayANIe rahANIe' pAyattANIe-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai / (438) 18 / 10 me-yahA~ dvitIyA ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai| (436) 18 / 18 mahayA-yahA~ dvitIyA ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (441) .

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 1831 pasiNANaM-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai / (446) 196 visaehi-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (452) 16 / 36 aggisihA dittA-yahA~ dvitIyA ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti hai / (457) . 1991 yahA~ gaurava Adi zabdoM meM paMcamI ke sthAna meM saptamI vibhakti hai / (465) 2041 saMparAe---yahA~ SaSThI ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti hai / (478) 2046 uttamaTTha-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai| (476) 21113 savvehiM bhUehi-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (485) 21 / 16 mANavehi-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (486) .. 21 / 21 paramaTTapaehiM-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (487) 22 / 8 jA se-'jA' meM tRtIyA aura 'se' meM caturthI vibhakti hai / (460) 22149 bhogesu-yahA~ paMcamI ke artha meM saptamo vibhakti hai / (467) 23 / 3 ohinANasue-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti hai / (468) 23 / 5 teNeva kAleNaM-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (466) 23 / 12 mahAmuNI- yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti hai / (500) 23 / 80 sArIramANase dukkhe--yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti hai / (510) 25 / 4 teNeva kAleNaM-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti, hai / (523) 258 tesiM-yahA~ caturthI ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai| (523) 25 // 18 vijjAmAhaNasaMpayA-yahA~ SaSThI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (526) 25 / 27 muhAjIvI-yahA~ dvitIyA ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti hai / (528) 25 // 32 savvakamma vinimmukkaM-yahA~ prathamA ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai / (526) 26 / 7 gurupUyA-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti hai| (535) 27 / 14 bhattapANe-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti hai| (553) 30 / 16 sallI-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti hai / (605) 30 / 20 caramANo-yahA~ SaSThI ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti hai / (605) 30 / 28 egaMtaM-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai| (608) 3112 asaMjame--yahA~ paMcamI ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti hai / (612) 31 / 13 gAhAsolasaehiM--yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (614) 31 / 17 bhAvaNAhiM--yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (616) .. 32 / 110 tassa savvassa duhassa-yahA~ tInoM zabdoM meM paMcamI ke artha meM SaSThI vibhakti hai / (639) 33318 ANupuci-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai / (641) 33 / 18 savvesu vi paesesu-yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti hai / (646)

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : vyAkaraNa-vimarza 477 34144 teMNa-yahA~ paMcamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (656) 34 / 51 teNa-yahA~ paMcamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (660) 34 / 56 duggaI--yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM dvitIyA vibhakti hai / (661) 35 / 2 jehiM-yahA~ saptamI ke artha meM tRtIyA vibhakti hai / (664) 35 // 13 kayavikkae--yahA~ paMcamI ke artha meM saptamI vibhakti hai / (667) 36|261|1,2-inmeN tRtIyA ke artha meM prathamA vibhakti hai| (706) 3-vacana (ka) vacana-vyatyaya . (1) bahuvacana ke sthAna para ekavacana 3 / 16 se dasaMge'bhijAyaI ___4 / 1 jaNe pamatte 5 / 28 bhikkhAe vA gihatthe vA 12 / 13 jahiM / 12 / 18 jo 1816 dAre ya parirakkhae 21 / 17 patte . 23 / 17 paMcama 23 / 36 paMcajie . 23150 ago 24 / 11 AhArovahisejjAe 36 / 4 arUvI 36 / 48 taM . 36 / 260 parittasaMsArI 36 / 262 guNagAhI (2) ekavacana ke sthAna para bahuvacana 12 / 2 uccArasamiIsu .. 4-samAsa 3 / 5 kammakibbisA isakA saMskRta rUpa hai 'krmkilbissaaH'| prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra pUrvAparanipAta karane para isakA rUpa 'kilbiSakarmANaH' hogA / (183)

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478 . uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 4 / 5 dIvappaNaDhe TIkAkAra ne isake do saMskRta rUpAntara die haiM-'praNaSTadIpaH' aura 'diipprnnsstt:'| prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra pUrvAparanipAta kI vyavasthA hone ke kAraNa pahalA rUpa niSpanna hotA hai aura 'AhitAnyAdeH' isa sUtra se dUsarA ruup| (212) 1 / 3 aMteuravaragao yahA~ prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'vara' zabda kA pUrvanipAta kiyA gayA hai / saMskRta meM isakA rUpa 'varAntaHpuragataH' hogA / (306). 12 / 42 jannasiTuM TIkAkAra ne isakA saMskRta rUpa 'zreSThayajJa' diyA hai / (372) 1313 cittavaNappabhUyaM yaha prAkRta prayoga hai / saMskRta ke anusAra 'pabhUya' kA prAganipAta karane para isakA rupa 'prabhUtacitradhanaM' hogaa| (386) / 14 / 10 pajjalaNAhieNaM saMskRta meM isake do rupa banate haiM-'prajvalanAdhikena' aura 'adhikaprajvalanena' / (369) 14 / 41 saMtANachinnA isakA saMskRta rUpa 'chinnasantAnAH' hogaa| (409) 14 / 41 pariggAhArambhaniyattadosA prAkRta ke anusAra 'dosa' zabda kA pUrvanipAta kiyA gayA hai| isakA saMskRta rUpa 'parigrahArambhadoSanivRttAH' hogaa| (406) 14 / 52 bhAvaNabhAviyA isake saMskRta rUpAntara do hoMge bhAvanAbhAvitAH athavA bhaavitbhaavnaa| (412) 15 / 1 niyANachinne isake saMskRta rUpAntara do hoMge nidAnachinnaH athavA chinnanidAnaH / (414) 16|suutr 1 saMyamabahule - isake saMskRta rUpAntara do hoMge saMyamabahula: athavA bahulasaMyamaH / (423)

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 6 vyAkaraNa-vimarza 479 2215 lakkhaNassarasaMjuo prAkRta ke anusAra 'sara' kA pUrvanipAta hokara isakA saMskRta rUpa 'svaralakSaNasaMyutaH' hogaa| (486) 26 / 23 gocchagalaiyaMgulio yahA~ prAkRta ke anusAra 'aMguli' kA pUrvanipAta kiyA gayA hai| isakA saMskRta rUpAntara 'aMgulilAtagocchakaH' hogaa| (540) 26|suutr43 sattasamaisamatte 'samatta' kA pUrvanipAta hone para isakA saMskRta rUpa 'samAptasatvasamitiH' hogaa| (560) 26|suutr54 maNagutte 'gutta' kA pUrvanipAta hone para isakA isakA saMskRta rUpa 'guptamanAH' hogA / (561) 30 / 25 aTThavihagoyaraggaM 'agga' kA pUrvanipAta hone para isakA saMskRta rUpa 'aSTavidhAgragocaraH' ___hogaa| (607) 34 / 4 jImUya niddhasaMkAsA prAkRta ke anusAra 'niddha' kA pUrvanipAta kiyA gayA hai| isakA saMskRta rUpa 'snigdhajImUtasaMkAzA' hogaa| (652) 3517 jibbhAdante 'daMta' kA pUrvanipAta hone para isakA saMskRta rUpa 'dAntajihvaH' hogaa| (668) 5-pratyaya 1146 / 11 savvaso . ArSa prayoga ke kAraNa yahA~ 'tas' pratyaya ke sthAna meM 'zas' pratyaya huA hai / (45) 1116 dammato ArSa prayoga ke kAraNa yahA~ 'damito' (saM0 damitaH) ke sthAna meM 'dammato' huA hai / (53) 1136 sAsaM prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra yaha 'zAsyamAnaM' ke artha meM prayukta huA hai / (62)

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480 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 3 / 18 jasobale yaza aura bala ko yazasvI aura balI se abhinna mAnakara matvarthIya pratyaya . kA lopa kiyA gayA hai / (188) 5 / 32 AghAyAya yaha 'zana' pratyaya ke artha meM ArSa prayoga hai / (254) 7 / 30 abAlaM yaha prayoga 'abAlattaM' ke sthAna para huA hai| nirdezya kA bhAva-pradhAma ___ kathana hone ke kAraNa yahA~ abAlatvaM kA grahaNa karanA cAhie / (285) 9 / 35 bajjhao yahA~ tRtIyA ke artha meM 'tas' pratyaya huA hai / (314) 6 / 46 vijjA yaha tvA pratyaya kA rUpa hai / (317) 1028 sAraiyaM sArayaM ke sthAna para yaha prayoga huA hai / (338,336) 20143 lappamANe prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke kAraNa 'lapan' ke sthAna para yaha prayoga huA . hai / (478) 24 / 16 aNupuvvaso tRtIyA vibhakti ke artha meM yahA~ 'zas' pratyaya kA prayoga hai / (518) 2633 aNaikkamaNA yaha 'aNaikkamaNaM' ke sthAna para prayukta hai (543) 34 / 23 isa zloka meM 'IrSyA' Adi zabdoM meM 'matu' pratyaya kA lopa mAnA gayA hai / (656) 6-liGga 16 saMsagi yahA~ pulliGga 'saMsamma' ke sthAna meM strIliGga 'saMsaggi' hai / (47) 3 / 17 kAmakhaMdhANi yahA~ skaMdha zabda kA napuMsakaliGga meM prayoga huA hai / (188) 512 suyA"ThANA yahA~ napuMsakaliGga ke sthAna para pulliGga kA prayoga huA hai| (246,247)

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maNDa 2, prakaraNa : vyAkaraNa-vimarza 481 5 / 26 isa zloka meM sarvatra pulliGga ke sthAna meM napuMsakaliGga kA nirdeza huA hai / (252) 6 / 36 isa zloka meM krodha Adi zabdoM meM pulliGga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliGga kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai / (314) 13314 bhogAi imAi yahA~ pulliGga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliMga kA nirdeza hai| (386) 161 jaM vivittamaNAinnaM rahiyaM yahA~ pulliGga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliMga mAnA gayA hai| (428) 18 / 14 dArANi. ____yahA~ pulliMga ke sthAna meM napuMsakaliGga hai / (441) 18 / 23 kiriyaM akiriyaM yahA~ strIliMga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliMga hai| 18 / 23 viNayaM . yahA~ pulliMga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliMga hai| 1834 kAmAI __yahAM pulliMga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliMga hai| (448) 23 / 11 imA vA yahA~ pulliMga ke sthAna para strIliMga hai| (466) 24.11 tinni yahA~ strIliMga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliMga hai| (516) . . 25221. rAgaddosabhayAIyaM yahA~ pulliga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliMga hai / (527) 26026 ArabhaTA isa zloka meM Ae hue 'ArabhaTa' Adi zabdoM meM rUr3hi se strIliMga kiyA gayA hai| (541) : 28028 sudiTThaparamatthasevaNA, vAvannakudasaNavajjaNA, sammattasaddahaNA yahA~ napuMsakaliMga ke sthAna para strIliMga kA prayoga hai| (566) 26|suu072 tinni yahA~ pulliGga ke sthAna para napuMsakaliMga hai / (565) ,

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482 uttarAdhyayana eka : samIkSAtmaka-adhyayana 30 / 27 ThANA vIrAsaNAIyA yahA~ napuMsakaliMga ke sthAna para strIliMga hai| (607) 3036 chaTTho so prikittio| TIkAkAra ne ina tInoM zabdoM ko napuMsakaliMga mAna kara vyAkhyA kI hai aura inako 'tapa' kA vizeSaNa mAnA hai / (610) hamane inako mUla rUpa meM pulliMga mAnakara 'vyutsarga' ke vizeSaNa mAne haiN| 32 / 20 yahA~ napuMsaka ke sthAna para sarvatra pulliMga kA prayoga hai / (628) 35 // 12 yahA~ napuMsaka ke sthAna para sarvatra pulliMga kA prayoga hai / (666) 36 / 8 yahA~ napuMsaka ke sthAna para sarvatra pulliMga kA prayoga hai / (673) 7-kriyA aura arddhakriyA 226,22 vihannaI yahA~ karmavAcya ke sthAna para kartRvAcya kA prayoga huA hai / (88,110) 2 // 31 labbhAmi yahA~ dvitva alAkSaNika hai| 2 // 33 saMcikkha yaha 'sthA' dhAtu ke 'syAdi' ke prathamapuruSa kA ekavacana hai-saMtiSThet / parantu 'acAM sandhilopo bahulam' sUtra se 'ekAra' kA lopa karane para ___ 'saMcikkha' rUpa banA hai| (120) 2041 uijjanti yahA~ bhaviSyatkAla kA vyatyaya huA hai| isakA rUpa hogA 'udeSyanti' / (127) 2 / 45 asthi yaha vibhakti-pratirUpaka nipAta hai| isakA bahuvacanaparaka artha hai-'haiN| (132) 2145 abhU-bhavissaI yahA~ bahuvacana ke sthAna para ekavacana kA prayoga huA hai / (132) 33 gacchaI zAntyAcArya (182) ne ise ekavacana aura nemicandra' ne bahuvacana mAnA hai| 3 / 6 paribhassaI yahA~ bahuvacana ke sthAna para ekavacana kA prayoga hai| 1-sukhaboSA, patra 67 //

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : vyAkaraNa-vimarza 41 gahinti sautrika niyamoM ke kAraNa yaha bhaviSyat artha meM prayukta huA hai / (gamiSyanti, grahISyanti vA) / (164). 6 / 4 chiMda yahA~ 'yAdAdi' ke sthAna meM 'tuvAdi' hai / (0) 7122 jiccaM yaha 'jIyeta' ke sthAna meM sautrika prayoga hai / (282) 7 / 22 saMvide yahA~ 'saMvitte' ke sthAna para 'saMvide' prayoga hai / (282) 6 / 18 gacchasi yaha 'gaccha' ke sthAna para prayukta huA hai / (311) 12 / 5 abbavIM yahA~ bahuvacana ke sthAna para ekavacana kA prayoga hai / (358) 12 / 17 lahittha yaha sautrika prayoga hai / isakA saMskRta rUpa hogA 'lapsyadhve' / (363). 12 / 25 Ahu. yahA~ ekavacana ke sthAna para bahuvacana kA prayoga hai / (366) 12 / 40 care yahA~ bahuvacana ke sthAna para ekavacana kA prayoga hai / (371) .12 / 44 homaM huNAmI cUrNikArane 'huNAmI' ko uttamapuruSa kI kriyA mAnA hai|' vRhad vRttikAra ne ise prathama puruSa kI kriyA mAnA hai aura agni ko gamya mAnakara 'homa' ko sAdhana mAnA hai / (373) 1676 bita yaha te ke sthAna para ArSa-prayoga hai / (462) 20115 bhavai yahA~ uttama puruSa ke sthAna para prathama puruSa hai / (474) 25 // 38 mA bhamihisi. yahA~ 'dhAdi' ke artha meM bhaviSyat kA prayoga hai / (530) 36 / 54 sijjhaI yahA~ bahuvacana ke sthAna para ekavacana kA prayoga huA hai| (684) 1-jinadAsa cUrNi, pR0 312 /

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484 uttarAdhyayane : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 8-ArSa-prayoga 1 / 27 pehAe __ yahA~ 'e' alAkSaNika hai / (58) 2 / 20 susANe yaha 'zmazAna' ke artha meM ArSa-prayoga hai| 32 visaMbhiyA yahA~ bindu alAkSaNika hai / (181) 48 chandaM yahA~ bindu alAkSaNika hai| 5 / 21 pariyAgayaM yaha ArSa-prayoga hai / yahA~ eka 'yakAra' kA lopa kiyA gayA hai / (250) 6 / 4 sapehAe isake saMskRta rUpa do hoMge-(1) saMprekSayA aura (2) svprekssyaa| pahale rUpa ke anusAra bindu kA lopa hai / (264) 76 AgayAese . prAkRta niyamAnusAra yahA~ 'Agae' kI saptamI vibhakti kA lopa kara 'Aesa' ke sAtha saMdhi kI gaI hai / (275) 6 / 58 loguttamuttamaM yahA~ makAra alAkSaNika hai| 8.3 hiyanissesAe mUla zabda 'nisseyasAe' hai / yahA~ 'ya' varNa kA lopa huA hai / (294) 127 AsA-yahA~ tRtIyA ke 'ekAra' kA lopa huA hai| 12 / 7 ihamAgao si yahA~ 'makAra' ko Agamika prayoga mAnA hai / (356) 13 / 5 isa zloka meM prayukta 'annamanna' zabda kA 'nakAra' alAkSaNika hai / (383) 13 / 7 annamanneNa yahA~ 'makAra' alAkSaNika hai / 13 / 28 cittA yahA~ AkAra alAkSaNika hai / (360) 17120 rUvaMdhare yahA~ 'va' meM bindu kA nirdeza prAkRta ke kAraNa huA hai / (436) 1811 patthivA yahA~ 'vA' meM AkAra alAkSaNika hai| (440) . . .

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khaNDa 2,.prakaraNa : vyAkaraNa-vimarza 485 485 1816 haTTatuTumalaMkiyA yahA~ bahuvacana ke sthAna meM makAra alAkSaNika hai| 18 // 30 savvatthA yahA~ 'tyA' meM AkAra alAkSaNika hai / (446) 16 / 27 daMtasohaNamAissa yahA~ 'makAra' alAkSaNika hai| (456) 1966 pharasumAIhiM / 1967 muTThimAIhiM / yahA~ makAra alAkSaNika hai| 2052 carittamAyAra 21123 aNutarenANaghare yahA~ 'aNuttare' meM ekAra alAkSaNika hai / (487) 23 / 25 dhammaM . yahA~ bindu alAkSaNika hai / (502) 2384 sAsayaMvAsaM yahA~ 'sAsayaM' meM bindu alAkSaNika hai / (511) 25 / 5 bhikkhamaTThA yahA~ makAra alAkSaNika hai tathA prAkRta ke kAraNa 'hA' ko dIrgha aura bindu kA lopa huA hai| (523) 26|suu023 dIhamaddha yahA~ makAra alAkSaNika hai| (585) 30 / 25 bhikkhAyariyamAhiyA .. yahA~ makAra alAkSaNika hai aura 'bhikkhAyariyA' meM vibhakti kA lopa hai| (607) 30133 AyariyamAiyammi yahA~ makAra alAkSaNika hai / (606). ___36 cakkhumacaknu yahA~ makAra alAkSaNika hai / (642) 9-vizeSa-vimarza 14 - muharI yahA~ prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'mukhara' ke sthAna para 'muharI' kA prayoga

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 2 / 10 samareva yahA~ 'rakAra' alAkSaNika hai| vAstava meM yahA~ 'sama eva' cAhie thaa| . pratIta hotA hai ki lipikartA ke doSa se 'e' ke sthAna para 'ra' likha diyA gayA ho| 2 / 36,15 / 16 aNukkasAI isake saMskRta rUpAntara do banate haiM-(1) 'anutkazAyI' (2) 'anukssaayii'| 'ka' kA dvitva prayoga prAkRta ke anusAra mAnane para isakA rUpa 'aNukkasAI' .. hotA hai / (124) 2040 se magadha deza ke anusAra isakA artha 'atha' hotA thaa| (126) pahANAe 'pahANIe' ke sthAna meM yaha ArSa-prayoga hai| 3 / 13 kammuNo yaha 'kammassa' ke sthAna para ardhamAgadhI kA prayoga hai| 3 / 13 pADhavaM yaha saMskRta pArthiva ke ikAra kA lopa kiyA gayA hai|' 3 // 14 visAlisehiM yaha mAgadhadezIya bhASA kA prayoga hai / (187) 317 ) dAsaporuSaM 65 'poruseya' ke sthAna para 'porusa' kA prayoga sautrika hai / (188) 5 / 10 / 10 kAyasA yaha sautrika prayoga hai / (246, 264) 5 / 20 gAratthA sautrika prayoga ke kAraNa yahA~ Adi ke 'a' kA lopa huA hai / (246) 5 / 21 nagiNiNaM jaDI ye prAcIna prayoga haiN| inako upacAra se bhAvavAcI 'nAgya' aura 'jaTItva' mAnakara artha kiyA gayA hai / (250) ajjhatthaM yahA~ mUla zabda 'ajjhattatthaM' (saM0 adhyAtmasthaM) hai| 'takAra' kA lopa karane para ajjhatthaM rUpa niSpanna huA hai| 9 / 55 vAhiM yaha ArSa-prayAga hai / (318)

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187 khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : vyAkaraNa-vimarza 10 / 1 paMDuyae yaha ArSa-prayoga hai / isakA saMskRta rUpa hai 'pANDurakam' / (333) 10 / 16 milekkhuyA yaha 'milicchA' ke sthAna para ardhamAgadhI kA prayoga hai| 10 // 31 desiya yaha prayoga 'desaya' (saM0 dezakaH) ke sthAna para huA hai / (340) 12 / 6 kayare yahA~ 'ekAra' prAkRta lakSaNa se huA hai / (358) 12 / 10 jAyaNajIviNu tti yahA~ 'jIviNu' ke 'vi' meM ikAra kA prayoga ArSa hai / (360) 12 / 24 veyAvaDiyayAe yahA~ aTTayAe' meM 'yA' kA prayoga svArtha meM huA hai / (365) 17 / 20 visameva . yahA~ 'eva' kA prayoga 'iva' ke artha meM huA hai| 18 / 32 tAI yahA~ 'I' kA prayoga chandapUrti ke lie huA hai aura 'tA' ko sautrika mAna isako 'tat' arthavAcI mAnA hai / (446) 18 / 38 'bhAraha' . yahA~ prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'ta' kA 'ha' huA hai / (448) 1850 addAya __ yaha ArSa-prayoga hai| 16164 ullio yahA~ ullihio (saM0 ullikhitaH) ke sthAna para ArSa-prayoga hai / (460) 1968 mahaM * * mahatIM' ke sthAna para aisA prayoga huA hai / (466) 10 / 48 durappA - yaha durappayA (saM0 durAtmatA) ke sthAna para ArSa-prayoga hai / (476) 22 / 12 gagaNaM phuse yaha prayoga 'gagaNaM phusA' ke sthAna para huA hai| 22 / 18,16 jiya yaha prayoga jIva ke artha meM huA hai| hrasvIkaraNa chanda kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai|

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488 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 24 / 15 jalliyaM yaha 'jalla' ke sthAna para ArSa-prayoga hai / (517) 25 / 16 veyasAM 'vayANa' ke sthAna para yaha mAgadhI prayoga hai| 26 // 36,40 desiyaM yahA~ devasiya zabda ke vakAra kA lopa hone para 'desiya' zabda niSpanna huA hai| 26|suu0 33 akaraNayAe yaha akaraNena ke artha meM ArSa-prayoga hai / (587) 26||suu0 46 ajjavayAe yaha Arjavena ke artha meM ArSa-prayoga hai / (560) 30128 sayaNAsaNasevaNayA yaha sayaNAsanasevana ke sthAna para pArSa-prayoga hai| 30 // 31 je yaha yat ke sthAna meM ArSa-prayoga hai / (609) 30 // 32 AsaNadAyaNaM yaha AsanadAna ke artha meM ArSa-prayoga hai / (606) 32 // 26 atAlise yaha mAgadhadezIya zabda hai / (631) 321102 vaisse yaha dveSya ke artha meM ArSa-prayoga hai / (635) 36 / 171 khahayarA yaha khacara ke artha meM sautrika prayoga hai / (666) 36 / 180 saNappayA yaha sanaravA ke artha meM sautrika prayoga hai / (666) 36 / 204 vANamantara yaha vyantara ke artha meM ArSa-prayoga hai / (701) .

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prakaraNaH dasavA~ paribhASA-pada Agama-sAhitya meM vastu-bodha karAne kI paddhatiyA~ do haiM- varNanAtmaka aura prakArAtmaka / tIsarI paddhati hai-paribhASAtmaka / kintu yaha kvacit-kvacit hI milatI hai| uttarAdhyayana meM tInoM paddhatiyA~ prApta haiN| prathama do mukhya paddhatiyA~ bahu-vyApta haiM, isalie unakA pRthaka nirdeza Avazyaka nahIM lgtaa| yahA~ hama kevala paribhASAtmaka paddhati kA nirdeza karanA caaheNge| vaha nirdeza-saMgraha svayaM eka paribhASA-pada bana jaaygaa| usakA adhyayana hamAre aneka zAkhIya adhyayana meM Aloka bharatA hai, isalie usa pada kA saMkalana yahAM upayogI hogaa| 1. vinIta (1 / 2;11 / 10-13) aNAniddesakare gurUNamuvavAyakArae / iMgiyAgArasaMpanne se 'viNIe tti' buccaI // 1 // 2 // 'jo guru kI AjJA aura nirdeza kA pAlana karatA hai, guru kI zuzrUSA karatA hai, guru ke iMgita aura AkAra ko jAnatA hai, vaha vinIta hai|' aha pannarasahiM ThANehiM suviNIe tti vuccii| nIyAvattI acavale amAI akuUhale // 11 // 10 // appaM cA'hikkhivaI pabandhaM ca na kumbii| mettijjamANo bhayaI suyaM ladbhu na majjaI // 11 // 12 // na ya pAvaparikkhevI na ya mittesu kuppii| appiyassAvi mittassa rahe kallANa bhAsaI // 11 // 12 // kalahaDamaravajjae buddhe abhijAie / hirimaM paDisaMloNe suviNIe ti vuccaI // 1 // 13 // _'jo namra-vyavahAra karatA hai, jo capala aura mAyAvI nahIM hotA, jo kutUhala nahIM karatA, jo dUsaroM kA tiraskAra nahIM karatA, jo krodha ko TikA kara nahIM rakhatA, jo mitra-bhAva rakhane vAle ke prati kRtajJa hotA hai, jo zruta prApta kara mada nahIM karatA, jo skhalanA hone para dUsaroM kA tiraskAra nahIM karatA, jo mitroM para krodha nahIM karatA, jo apriya mitra kI bhI ekAnta meM prazaMsA karatA hai, jo kalaha aura hAthApAI nahIM karatA, jo kulIna aura lajjAlu hotA hai aura jo pratisaMlIna hotA hai, vaha vinIta hai|'

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460 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 2. avinIta (1 / 3;11 / 6-9) ANA'niddesakare guruunnmnnuvvaaykaare| paDiNIe asaMbuddhe 'aviNIe tti' vuccaI // 1 // 3 // 'jo guru kI AjJA aura nirdeza kA pAlana nahIM karatA, jo guru kI zuzrUSA nahIM karatA, jo guru ke pratikUla vartana karatA hai aura jo tathya ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha avinIta hai|' aha caudasahiM ThANehiM vaTTamANe u sNje| aviNIe vuccaI so u nivvANaM ca na gacchai // 11 // 6 // abhikkhaNaM kohI havai pabandhaM ca pkuvbii| mettijjamANe vamai suyaM labhrUNa majjaI // 11 // 7 // avi pAvaparikkhevI avi mittesu kuppii| suppiyassAvi mittassa rahe bhAsai pAvagaM // 11 // 8 // paiNNavAI duhile thaddhe luddhe annigghe| asaMvibhAgI aciyatte aviNIe tti vuccaI // 11 // 9 // 'jo bAra-bAra krodha karatA hai, jo krodha ko TikA kara rakhatA hai, jo mitra-bhAva rakhane vAle ko bhI ThukarAtA hai, jo zruta prApta kara mada karatA hai, jo kisI kI skhalanA hone para usakA tiraskAra karatA hai, jo mitroM para kupita hotA hai, jo atyanta priya mitra kI bhI ekAnta meM burAI karatA hai, jo asaMbaddha-bhASI hai, jo drohI hai, jo abhimAnI hai, jo sarasa AhAra Adi meM lubdha hai, jo ajitendriya hai, jo asaMvibhAgI hai aura jo aprItikara hai, vaha avinIta hai|' 3. zikSAzIla (11 / 4,5) aha aTThahiM ThANehiM sikkhAsIle ti buccaI / ahassire sayA dante na ya mammamudAhare // 11 // 4 // nAsIle na visIle na siyA ailolue| . akohaNe saccarae sikkhAsIle tti vuccaI // 11 // 5 // 'jo hAsya nahIM karatA, jo dAnta hai, jo marma kA prakAzana nahIM karatA, jo caritra se hIna nahIM hai, jisakA caritra kaluSita nahIM hai, jo ati lolupa nahIM hai, jo krodha nahIM karatA, jo satya meM rata hai, vaha zikSAzIla kahA jAtA hai|'

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 10 paribhASA-pada 4. bhikSu ___ dekhie-pandrahavA~ adhyayana / 5. pApa-zramaNa dekhie-satrahavA~ adhyayana / 6. brAhmaNa dekhie-25|16-27 / 7. dravya (28 / 6) __ guNANamAso davvaM-'jo guNoM kA Azraya hotA hai, vaha dravya hai|' 8. guNa (2816) __egadavya siyA guNA- 'jo kisI eka dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM, ve guNa haiN|' 9. paryAya (28 / 6,13) lakSaNaM pajjavANaM tu, umao assiyA bhave // 26 // . 'jo dravya aura guNa donoM ke Azrita rahate haiM, ve paryAya haiN|' emattaM ca puhattaM ca saMkhA saMThANameva y| saMjogA ya vibhAgA ya pajjavANaM tu lakkhaNaM // 28 // 13 // 'ekatva, pRthakatva, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, saMyoga aura vibhAga-ye paryAya ke lakSaNa haiN|' 10. dharmAstikAya (28 / 9) .' gailakkhaNo u dhammo.-'dharma kA lakSaNa hai gati / ' 11. adharmAstikAya (2819) ahammo ThANalakkhaNo-'adharma kA lakSaNa hai sthiti / ' 12. AkAzAstikAya (28 / 9) bhAyaNaM savvadavvANaM nahaM ogAhalakkhaNaM / / / 'AkAza kA lakSaNa hai avakAza / vaha saba dravyoM kA bhAjana hai|' 13. kAla (28 / 10) vattaNAlakkhaNo kAlo-kAla kA lakSaNa hai vrtnaa|' 14. jIva (28 / 10,11) jIvo uvamogalakSaNo-'jIva kA lakSaNa hai upayoga / '

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462 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana nANaM ca daMsaNaM ceva carittaM ca tavo thaa| vIriyaM uvaogo ya evaM jIvassa lakkhaNaM // 28 // 11 // 'jJAna, darzana, cAritra tapa, vIrya aura upabhoga-ye jIva ke lakSaNa haiN|' 15. pudgala (28 / 12) sahandhayAraujjoo pahA chAyAtave i vA / vaNNarasagandhaphAsA pugalANaM tu lakkhaNaM // 'zabda, andhakAra, udyota, prabhA, chAyA, Atapa, varNa, rasa, gandha aura sparza-ye . pudgala ke lakSaNa haiN|' 16. samyaktva (28 / 15) tahiyANaM tu bhAvANaM sabbhAve uvaesaNaM / bhAveNaM saddahantassa sammattaM taM viyAhiyaM // ___ 'ina ( jIva, ajIva Adi nau ) tathya-bhAvoM ke sadbhAva ( vAstavika astitva ) ke nirupaNa meM jo antaHkaraNa se zraddhA karatA hai, use samyaktva hotA hai| usa antaHkaraNa kI zraddhA ko hI bhagavAn ne samyaktva kahA hai|' 17. nisarga-ruci (28 / 17,18) . bhUyattheNAhigayA jIvAjIvA ya puNNapAvaM ca / sahasammuiyAsavasaMvaro ya roei / u nisaggo // 28 // 17 // 'jo paropadeza ke binA kevala apanI AtmA se upaje hue bhUtArtha ( yathArtha jJAna ) se jIva, ajIva, puNya, pApa ko jAnatA hai aura jo Azrava aura saMvara para zraddhA karatA hai, vaha nisarga-ruci hai|' jo jiNa diTe bhAve cauvihe saddahAi sayameva / emeva na'nnaha ti ya nisaggarui tti nAyavvo // 28 // 18 // 'jo jinendra dvArA dRSTa tathA dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva se vizeSita padArthoM para svayaM hI--'yaha aisA hI hai anyathA nahIM hai-aisI zraddhA rakhatA hai, use nisarga-ruci vAlA jAnanA caahie|' 18. upadeza-ruci (28 / 19) ee ceva u bhAve uvaiTe jo pareNa saddahaI / chaumattheNa jiNeNa va uvaesarui ti naayvvo|| _ 'jo dUsaroM-chadmastha yA jinake dvArA upadeza prApta kara, ina bhAvoM para zraddhA karatA hai, use upadeza ruci-vAlA jAnanA caahie|' bhUyatthaNAhika

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa :10 paribhASA-pada 19. AjJA-ruci (28 / 20) rAgo doso moho annANaM jassa avagayaM hoi| ANAe rIyaMto so khalu ANAraI nAma // _ 'jo vyakti rAga, dveSa, moha aura ajJAna ke dUra ho jAne para vItarAga kI AjJA meM ruci rakhatA hai, vaha AjJA-ruci hai|' 20. sUtra-ruci (28 / 21) jo suttamahijjanto sueNa ogAhaI u sammattaM / __ aMgeNa bAhireNa va so suttarui tti nAyavo // ___ 'jo aGga-praviSTa yA aGga-bAhya sUtroM ko par3hatA huA samyaktva pAtA hai, vaha sUtraruci hai|' 21. bIja-ruci (28 / 22) egeNaM aNegAiM payAI jo pasaraI u sammattaM / udae vva tellabindU so bIyarui tti nAyavvo // ___ 'pAnI meM DAle hue tela ko bUMda kI taraha jo samyaktva ( ruci ) eka pada (tattva) se aneka padoM meM phailatA hai, use bIja-ruci jAnanA caahie|' 22. abhigama-ruci (28 / 23) so hoi abhigamaruI suyanANaM jeNa atthao viTuM / ekkArasa' aMgAiM paiNNaga diTThivAo ya // 'jise gyAraha aGga, prakIrNaka aura dRSTivAda Adi zruta-jJAna artha-sahita prApta haiM, vaha abhigama-ruci hai|' 23. vistAra-ruci (28 / 24) davvANa savvabhAvA savvapamANe hi jassa uvlddhaa| savvAhi nayavihIhi ya vityArarui ti naayvvo|| - 'jise dravyoM ke saba bhAva, sabhI pramANoM aura sabhI naya-vidhiyoM se upalabdha haiM, vaha vistAra-ruci hai|' 24. kriyA-ruci (28 / 25) dasaNanANacarite tavaviNae saccasamiiguttIsu / jo kiriyAbhAvaruI so khalu kiriyAI nAma // 'darzana, jJAna, cAritra, tapa, vinaya, satya, samiti, gupti Adi kriyAoM meM jisakI vAstavika ruci hai, vaha kriyA-ruci hai|'

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464 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 25. saMkSepa-ruci (28 / 26) aNabhiggahiyakudiTTho saMkhevarui tti hoi naayvyo| avisArao pavayaNe aNabhiggahiro ya sesesu // 'jo jina-pravacana meM vizArada nahIM hai aura anyAnya pravacanoM kA abhijJa bhI nahIM hai, kintu jise kudRSTi kA Agraha na hone ke kAraNa svalya jJAna mAtra se jo tattva-zraddhA prApta hotI hai, use saMkSepa-ruci jAnanA caahie|' 26. dharma-ruci (28 / 27) jo asthikAyadhamma suyadhamma khalu carittadhammaM ca / saddahai jiNAbhihiyaM so dhammarui ti nAyavvo // 'jo jina-prarUpita astikAya-dharma, zruta-dharma aura cAritra-dharma meM zraddhA rakhatA hai, use dharma-ruci jAnanA caahie|' 27. cAritra (28 / 33) ___ cayarittakaraM caaritN| 'jo karma saMcaya ko rikta karatA hai, use cAritra kahate haiN|' 28. dravya-avamaudarya (30 / 15) jo jassa u AhAro tatto omaM tu jo kre| . jahanneNegasitthAI evaM davveNa U bhave // 'jisakA jitanA AhAra hai, usase kama khAtA hai, kama se kama eka siktha ( dhAnya kaNa) khAtA hai aura utkRSTataH eka kavala kama khAtA hai, vaha dravya se avamaudarya tapa hotA hai|' 29. kSetra-avamaudarya (30 / 16-18) gAme nagare taha rAyahANi nigame ya Agare pllii| kheDe kabbaDadoNamuha paTTaNamaDambasaMbAhe // 30 // 16 // Asamapae vihAre sannivese samAyaghose ya / thaliseNAsandhAre satthe saMvaTTakoTTe y||30||17|| vADesu va racchAsu va gharesu vA evamittiyaM khettaM / kappai u evamAI evaM khettega U bhave // 30 // 18 //

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 10 paribhASA-pada 465 'grAma, nagara, rAjadhAnI, nigama, Akara, pallI, kher3A, karvaTa, droNamukha, pattana, maNDapa, saMbAdha, Azrama-pada, vihAra, sannivesa, samAja, ghoSa, sthalI, senA kA zivira, sArtha, saMvarta, koTa, pAr3A, galiyA~, ghara-inameM athavA isa prakAra ke anya kSetroM meM se pUrva nizcaya ke anusAra nirdhArita kSetra meM bhikSA ke lie jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra yaha kSetra se avamaudarya tapa hotaa|' 30. kAla-avamaudarya (30 / 20,21) divasassa porusINaM cauNhaM pi u jattio bhave kaalo| evaM caramANo khalu kAlomANaM muNeyavyo // 30 // 20 // ahavA taiyAe porisIe UNAi ghaasmesnto| caubhAgUNAe vA evaM kAleNa U bhave // 30 // 21 // 'divasa ke cAra praharoM meM jitanA abhigraha-kAla ho usameM bhikSA ke lie jAU~gA, anyathA nahIM-isa prakAra caryA karane vAle muni ke kAla se avamaudarya tapa hotA hai| athavA kucha nyUna tIsare prahara ( caturtha bhAga Adi nyUna prahara ) meM jo bhikSA kI eSaNA karatA hai, use (isa prakAra) kAla se avamaudarya tapa hotA hai|' 31. bhAva-avamaudarya (30 / 22,23) itthI vA puriso vA alaMkio vA'NalaMkio vA vi / annayaravayattho vA annayareNaM va vattheNaM // 30 // 22 // anneNa viseseNaM vaNNeNaM bhAvamaNumuyante u / evaM caramANo khalu bhAvomANaM muNeyayo // 30 // 23 // ___ 'strI athavA puruSa, alaMkRta athavA analaMkRta, amuka vaya vAle, amuka vastra vAle- . amuka vizeSa prakAra kI dazA, varNa yA bhAva se yukta dAtA se bhikSA grahaNa karU~gA, anyathA nahIM-isa prakAra caryA karane vAle muni ke bhAva se avamaudarya tapa hotA hai|' 32. paryavacaraka (30 / 24) davve khese kAle bhAvammi ya AhiyA u je bhaavaa| eehi omacarao pajjavacarao bhave bhikkhU // 'dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva meM jo paryAya ( bhAva ) kahe gae haiM, una sabake dvArA avamaudarya karane vAlA bhikSu paryavacaraka hotA hai / '

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466 uttarAdhyayana eka : samIkSAtmaka adhyayana 33. bhikSA-caryA (30 / 25) aDhavihagoyaraggaM tu tahA satteva esnnaa| abhiggahA ya je anne bhikkhAyariyamAhiyA // 'ATha prakAra ke gocarAna tathA sAta prakAra kI eSaNAe~ aura jo anya abhigraha haiM, unheM bhikSA-caryA kahA jAtA hai|' 34. rasa-vivarjana (30 / 26) khIradahisappimAI paNIyaM pANabhoyaNaM / parivajjaNaM rasANaM tu bhaNiyaM rasavivajjaNaM // 'dUdha, dahI, ghRta, Adi tathA praNIta pAna-bhojana aura rasoM ke varjana ko rasa-vivarjana tapa kahA jAtA hai|' 35. kAya-kleza (30 / 27) ThANA vIrAsaNAIyA jIvassa u suhAvahA / uggA jahA dharijjanti kAyakleisaM tamAhiyaM // 'AtmA ke lie sukhakara vIrAsana Adi utkaTa AsanoM kA jo abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai, use kAya-kleza kahA jAtA hai|' 36. vivikta-zayanAsana (30 / 28) egantamaNAvAe itthiipsuvivjjie| sayaNAsaNasevaNayA vivittasayaNAsaNaM // 'ekAnta, anApAta ( jahA~ koI AtA-jAtA na ho ) aura strI-pazu Adi se rahita zayana aura Asana kA sevana karanA vivikta-zayanAsana (saMlInatA) tapa hai|' 37. prAyazcitta 30 / 31 AloyaNArihAIyaM pAyacchittaM tu dasavihaM / je bhikkhU vahaI sammaM pAyacchittaM tamAhiyaM // 'AlocanAha Adi jo dasa prakAra ke prAyazcitta haiM, jisakA bhikSu samyak prakAra se pAlana karatA hai, use prAyazcitta kahA jAtA hai|' 38. vinaya (30 / 32) anmuTThANaM aMjalikaraNaM tahevAsaNadAyaNaM / gurubhattibhAvasussUsA viNao esa viyAhio // 'abhyutthAna (khar3e honA), hAtha jor3anA, Asana denA, gurujanoM kI bhakti karanA aura bhAvapUrvaka zuzrUSA karanA vinaya kahalAtA hai|'

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467 khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 10 paribhASA-pada 39. vaiyAvRttya (30 / 33) . . AyariyamAiyammi ya veyAvaccammi dasavihe / AsevaNaM . jahAthAma veyAvaccaM tamAhiyaM // 'AcArya Adi sambandhI dasa prakAra ke vaiyAvRttya kA yathAzakti Asevana karane ko vaiyAvRttya kahA jAtA hai|' 40. vyutsarga (30 / 36) sayaNAsaNaThANe vA je u bhikkhU na vAvare / kAyassa viussaggo cha8o so parikittio // 'sone, baiThane yA khar3e rahane ke samaya jo bhikSu vyApta nahIM hotA ( kAyA ko nahIM hilAtA-DulAtA ) usake kAyA kI ceSTA kA jo parityAga hotA hai, use vyutsarga kahA jAtA hai / vaha Abhyantara tA kA chaThA prakAra hai|' 41 loka (36 / 2) jIvA ceva ajIvA ya esa loe viyaahie| ___ 'jo jIva aura ajIvamaya hai, vaha loka hai|' 42. aloka (36 / 2) ajIvadesamAgAse aloe se viyaahie| 'jo ajIva AkAzamaya hai, vaha aloka hai|' 43. kandI bhAvanA (36 / 263) kandappakokkuiyAI taha solshaavhaasvighaahiN| . vimhAvento ya paraM kandappaM bhAvaNaM kuNai // . . 'kAma-kathA karanA, haMsI-majAka karanA, zIla, svabhAva, hAsya aura vikathAoM ke dvArA dUsaroM ko vismita karanA-kandI bhAvanA hai|' 44. AbhiyogI bhAvanA (36 / 264) mantAjogaM kAuM bhUIkammaM ca je pauMjanti / sAyarasaiDiDhaheuM abhiogaM bhAvaNaM kuNai // ... 'sukha, rasa aura samRddhi ke lie maMtra, yoga aura bhUti-karma kA prayoga karanA AbhiyogI bhAvanA hai|

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468 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana . 45. kilviSikI bhAvanA (36 / 265) nANasa kevalINaM dhammAyariyalsa saMghatAhUgaM / mAI avagNavAI kimbisiyaM bhAvaNaM kuNai // 'zAna, kevalajJAnI, dharmAcArya, saMgha aura sAdhuoM kI nindA karanA, mAyA karanAkilviSikI bhAvanA hai|' 46. AsurI bhAvanA (36 / 266) maNubarosapasaro taha ya nimittaMmi hoi pddisevi| eehi kAraNehiM mAsuriyaM bhAvaNaM kuNaha // 'krodha ko bar3hAvA denA, nimitta batAnA-AsurI bhAvanA hai|'. 47. mohI bhAvanA (36 / 267) satyaggahaNaM visamakkhaNaM ca jalaNaM ca jalappaveso y| ___ aNAyAramaNDasevA jammaNamaraNANi bandhanti // 'zAstra yA viSa-bhakSaNa ke dvArA, agni meM praviSTa hokara yA pAnI meM kUda kara Atma-hatyA karanA, maryAdA se adhika upakaraNa rakhanA-mohI bhAvanA hai|'

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. prakaraNa : gyArahvabA~ sUkta aura zikSA-pada sUkta: viNaya mesejjA / 17 vinaya kI khoja kro| aTThajutANi sikkhejA niraTANi u vajae / 118 jo arthavAn hai, use siikho| nirarthaka ko chor3a do| aNusAsio na kuppejjA / 119 anuzAsana milane para krodha na kro| khaMti sevijja paNDie / 119 kSamAzIla bno| khuDDehiM saha saMsaggi hAsaM kIDaM ca vjje| 119 oche vyaktiyoM kA saMsarga mata karo, ha~sI-makhola mata kro| mA ya caNDAliyaM kaasii| 1110 nIca karma mata kro| bahuyaM mA ya Alave / 1 / 10 bahuta mata bolo| :kaDaM kaDetti bhAsejjA akaDaM no kaDe ti ya / 1111 __kiyA ho to nA mata karo aura na kiyA ho to hA~ mata kro| nA pRTTo vAgare kiMci pRTTo vA nAliyaM ve|14 binA pUche mata bolo aura pUchane para jhUTha mata bolo| kohaM asaccaM kuvejjA / 1 / 14 krodha ko viphala kro| appA ceva dmeyvyo| 1115 AtmA kA damana kro| appA hu khalu duddmo| 1115 ____ AtmA bahuta durdama hai| appA danto suhI hoi / 115 - sukha use milatA hai, jo AtmA ko jIta letA hai|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mAyaM ca vajjae sayA / 1224 kapaTa mata kro| na siyA tottagavesae / 1140 - __ cAbuka kI pratIkSA mata kro| adINamaNaso cre| 203 mAnasika dAsatA se mukta hokara clo| maNaM pina paosae / 2011 mana meM bhI dveSa mata laao| nANI no paridevae / 2013 jJAnI ko vilApa nahIM karanA caahie| na ya vittAsae paraM / 2020 dUsaroM ko trasta mata kro| nANutappejja saMjae / 2030 saMyamI ko anutApa nahIM karanA cAhie / rasesu nANugijjhajjA / 2039 .. rasa-lolupa mata bno| suI dhammassadulahA / 38 dharma sunanA bahuta durlabha hai| saddhA paramadullahA / 3 / 9 zraddhA parama durlabha hai| soccA neAuyaM maggaM bahave paribhassaI / 39 kucha loga sahI mArga ko pA kara bhI bhaTaka jAte haiN| voriyaM puNa dulahaM / 3.10 kriyAnviti sabase durlabha hai / sohI ujjuyabhUyassa / 3 / 12 pavitra vaha hai jo sarala hai| dhammo suddhassa ciTThaI / 3 / 12 dharma kA vAsa pavitra AtmA meM hotA hai| asaMkhayaM jIviya mA pamAyae / 41 jIvana kA dhAgA TUTane para saMdhatA nahIM, ataH pramAda mata kro| jarovaNIyassa hu natthi tANaM / 4.1 bur3hApA Ane para koI trANa nahIM detaa|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 11 sUkta aura zikSA-pada kaDANa kammANa na mokkha atthi / 4 / 3 ... kie karmo ko bhugate binA mukti kahA~ ? .. vittaNa tANaM na labhe pmtte| 45 pramatta manuSya dhana se trANa nahIM paataa| ghorA muhattA abalaM sarIraM / 4 / 6 ___ samaya bar3A nirmama hai aura zarIra bar3A nirbala hai| chandaM niroheNa uvei mokkhaM / 4 / 8 icchA ko jIto, svataMtra bana jaaoge| khippaM na sakkei vivegmeu| 4 / 10 turaMta hI sambhala jAnA bar3A kaThina kAma hai| appANarakkhI crmppmtto| 4 / 10 ___ AtmA kI rakSA karo, kabhI pramAda mata kro| na me diTTe pare loe cakkhu viTThA imA raI / 5 // 5 paraloka kisane dekhA hai, yaha sukha A~khoM ke sAmane hai| appaNA saccamesejjA / 6 / 2 .. satya kI khoja kro| mettiM bhUesu kappae / 62 saba jIvoM ke sAtha maitrI rkho| na cittA tAyae bhAsA / 6 / 10 bhASA meM zaraNa mata ddhuuNddh'o| kammasaccAhu pANiNo / 7 / 20 kiyA huA karma kabhI viphala nahIM hotaa| jAyAe ghAsamesejjA rasa giddhe na siyA bhikkhAe / 8 / 11 __muni. jIvana-nirvAha ke lie khAe, rasa-lolupa na bane / samayaM goyama ! mA pmaaye| 101 . eka kSaNa ke lie bhI pramAda mata kara / mA vantaM puNo vi aaie|10|29 * vamana ko phira mata caatto| mahappasAyA isiNo havanti / 12 / 31 . RSi mahAn prasanna-cita hote haiN| na hu muNI kovaparA havanti / 12331 muni kopa nahIM kiyA karate /

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502 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana AyANaheuM abhiNikkhamAhi / 13320 mukti ke lie abhiniSkramaNa kro| kattAramevaM aNujAi kammaM / 13123 karma kartA ke pIche daur3atA hai| mA kAsi kammAiM mahAlayAI / 13126 asad karma mata kro| veyA ahIyA na bhavanti tANaM / 14.12 veda par3hane para bhI trANa nahIM hote / dhaNeNa kiM dhmmdhuraahigaare| 14.17 dhana se dharma kI gAr3I kaba calatI hai ? abhayadAyA bhavAhi ya / 18 / 11 abhaya kA dAna do| aNicce jIva logammi kiM hiMsAe pasajjasi / 18 / 11 . yaha saMsAra anitya hai, phira kyoM hiMsA meM Asakta hote ho ! paDanti narae ghore je narA paavkaarinno| 18025 pApa karane vAlA ghora naraka meM jAtA hai| divvaM ca gaI gacchanti carittA dhammamAriyaM / 18025 dharma karane vAlA divya gati meM jAtA hai| caittANaM imaM dehaM gantavvamavasassa me 19.16 __ isa zarIra ko chor3a kara eka dina nizcita hI cale jAnA hai| nimmamattaM sudukkrN| 19 / 29 ___ mamatva kA tyAga karanA sarala nahIM hai| javA lohamayA ceva cAveyavvA sudukkaraM / 19 / 38 sAdhutva kyA hai, lohe ke cane cabAnA hai| iha loe nimpivAsassa natthi kiMci vi dukkaraM / 19 / 44 ___ usake lie kucha bhI duHsAdhya nahIM hai, jisakI pyAsa bujha cukI haiN| paDikammaM ko kuNaI araNNe miyapakkhiNaM ? 1976 jaMgalI jAnavaroM va pakSiyoM kI paricaryA kauna karatA hai ? viyANiyA dukkhavivaddhaNaM dhaNaM / 1998 dhana duHkha bar3hAne vAlA hai| mANussaM khu sudullahaM / 20311 manuSya jIvana bahuta mUlyavAn hai /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 11 sUkta aura zikSA-pada 503 appaNA aNAho santo kahaM nAho bhavissasi / 20 / 12 tU svayaM anAtha hai, dUsaroM kA nAtha kaise hogA? na taM marI kaNTha chettA karei jaM se kare appaNiyA durappA / 2048 kaNTha chedane vAlA zatru vaisA anartha nahIM karatA, jaisA bigar3A huA mana karatA hai| piyamappiyaM savva titikkhaejjA / 2115 muni priya aura apriya saba kucha sahe / na yAvi pUrya garahaM ca sNje| 21115 __muni pUjA aura gahIM-ina donoM ko na cAhe / magunnae nAvaNae mahesI / 21120 maharSi na abhimAna kare aura na dIna bane / nehapAsA bhayaMkarA / 23.43 ___ sneha kA bandhana bar3A bhayaMkara hotA hai| na taM tAyanti dussIlaM / 2528 __ durAcArI ko koI nahIM bacA sktaa| vivittavAso muNiNaM pasattho / 32016 muni ke lie ekAntavAsa prazasta hotA hai| kAmANugiddhippamavaM khu dukkhaM / 32 / 19 duHkha kAma-bhogoM kI satata abhilASA se utpanna hotA hai| samaleTa ThukaMcaNe bhikkha / 35 / 13 . . bhikSu ke lie miTTI kA DhelA aura kaMcana samAna hote haiN| zikSA-pada : ANAniddesakare guruunnmuvvaaykaare| . iMgiyAgArasaMpanne se viNIe ti vuccaI // 1 // 2 // jo guru kI AjJA aura nirdeza kA pAlana karatA hai, guru kI zuzruSA karatA hai, guru ke iMgita aura AkAra ko jAnatA hai, vaha vinIta kahalAtA hai| ANA'niddesakare guruunnmnnuvvaaykaare| paDiNIe asaMbuddha aviNIai tti buccaI // 13 // * jo guru kI AjJA aura nirdeza kA pAlana nahIM karatA, guru kI zuzrUSA nahIM karatA, jo guru ke pratikUla vartana karatA hai aura tathya ko nahIM jAnatA, vaha avinIta kahalAtA hai|

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504 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ghara me appAdanto saMjameNa taveNa y| mAhaM parehi dammanto bandhaNehi bahehi ya // 1 // 16 // acchA yahI hai ki maiM saMyama aura tapa ke dvArA apanI AtmA kA damana kruuN| dUsare loga bandhana aura vadha ke dvArA merA damana kareM-yaha acchA nahIM hai| cattAri paramaMgANi dullahANIha jntunno| mANusattaM suI saddhA saMjamaMmi ya vIriyaM // 3 // 1 // isa saMsAra meM prANiyoM ke lie cAra parama aMga durlabha haiM-manuSyatva, zruti, zraddhA aura saMyama meM praakrm| jaNeNa saddhiM hokkhAmi ii bAle pgmbhii| kAmabhogANurAeNaM kesaM saMpaDivajjaI // 5 // 7 // maiM loka-samudAya ke sAtha rahU~gA-aisA mAna kara bAla manuSya dhRSTa bana jAtA hai| vaha kAma-bhoga ke anurAga se kleza pAtA hai| ajjhatyaM savvao savvaM dimsa pANe piyaaye| na haNe pANiNo pANe bhayaverAo uvarae // 6 / 6 / / ___ saba dizAoM se hone vAlA saba prakAra kA adhyAtma ( sukha ) jaise mujhe iSTa hai, vaise hI dUsaroM ko iSTa hai aura saba prANiyoM ko apanA jIvana priya hai-yaha dekha kara bhaya aura vaira se uparata puruSa prANiyoM ke prANoM kA ghAta na kre| bahiyA uDDhamAdAya nAvakaMkhe kayAi vi / puvvakammakhayaTThAe imaM dehaM samuddhare // 6 // 13 // Urdhva-lakSI hokara kabhI bhI bAhya (viSayoM) kI AkAMkSA na kare / pUrva-karmoM ke kSaya ke lie hI isa zarIra ko dhAraNa kare / jahA lAho tahA loho lAhA loho pvddddhii| domAsakayaM kajja koDIe vi na niTTiyaM // 8 / 17 // jaise lAbha hotA hai, vaise hI lobha hotA hai / lAbha se lobha bar3hatA hai| do mAze sone se pUrA hone vAlA kArya karor3a se bhI pUrA nahIM huaa| jo sahassaM sahassANaM saMgAme dujjae jinne| eMgaM jiNejja appANaM esa se paramo jao // 9 // 34 // jo puruSa durjeya saMgrAma meM dasa lAkha yoddhAoM ko jItatA hai, isakI apekSA vaha eka apane Apako jItatA hai, yaha usakI parama vijaya hai|

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505 khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 11 sUkta aura zikSA pada. appANameva jujjhAhi kiM te jujhaNa bjjho| appANameva appANaM jaittA suhamehae // 9 // 35 // ___ AtmA ke sAtha hI yuddha kara, bAharI yuddha se tujhe kyA lAbha ? AtmA ko AtmA ke dvArA hI jIta kara manuSya sukha pAtA hai| paMcindiyANi kohaM mANaM mAyaM taheva lohaM ca / dujjayaM ceva appANaM savvaM appe jie jiyaM // 9 // 36 // __ pA~ca indriyA~, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha aura mana--ye durjeya haiN| eka AtmA ko jIta lene para ye saba jIta lie jAte haiN| jo sahassaM sahassANaM mAse mAse gavaM de| tassAvi saMjamo seo acintassa vi kiMcaNa // 9 // 40 // ___ jo manuSya pratimAsa dasa lAkha gAyoM kA dAna detA hai, usake lie bhI saMyama hI zreya hai, bhale phira vaha kucha bhI na de| mAse mAse tu jo bAlo kusaggeNa tu muNje| ma so suyakkhAyadhammassa kalaM agghai solasiM // 9 // 44 // ___ jo bAla (avivekI) mAsa-mAsa tapasyA ke anantara kuza kI noka para Tike utanAsA AhAra karatA hai, phira bhI vaha su-AkhyAta dharma (samyaka-cAritra sampanna muni) kI solahavIM kalA ko bhI prApta nahIM hotaa| suvaNNaruppassa u padhvayA bhave siyA hu kelAsasamA asNkhyaa| narassa luddhassa na tehiM kiMci icchA u AgAsasamA aNantiyA // 6 // 48 // kadAcit sone aura cA~dI ke kailAza ke samAna asaMkhya parvata ho jAeM to bhI lobhI puruSa ko unase kucha bhI nahIM hotA, kyoMki icchA AkAza ke samAna ananta hai| sallaMkAmA visaM kAmA kAmA AsIvisovamA / kAme patthemANA akAmA janti doggaiM // 9 // 53 // __ kAma-bhoga zalya haiM, viSa haiM aura AzIviSa sarpa ke tulya haiN| kAma-bhoga kI icchA karane vAle, unakA sevana na karate hue bhI durgati ko prApta hote haiM / ahe vayai koheNaM mANeNaM ahamA gii| mAyA gaIpaDigghAo lobhAo duhao bhayaM // 9 // 54 // . manuSya krodha se adhogati meM jAtA hai| mAna se adhama-gati hotI hai| mAyA se sugati kA vinAza hotA hai| lobha se donoM prakAra kA-aihika aura pAralaukika bhaya hotA hai|

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506 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayaya laNa vi uttamaM suI saddahaNA puNarAvi dullhaa| micchattanisevae jaNe samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae // 10 // 19 // uttama dharma kI zruti milane para bhI zraddhA honA aura adhika durlabha hai| bahuta sAre loga mithyAtva kA sevana karane vAle hote haiM, isalie he gautama ! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kr| dhamma pi hu saddahantayA dullahayA kAeNa phaasyaa| iha kAmaguNehi mucchiyA samayaM goyama ! mA pamAyae // 10 // 20 // uttama dharma meM zraddhA hone para bhI usakA AcaraNa karane vAle durlabha haiN| isa loka meM bahuta sAre loga kAma-guNoM meM mUcchita hote haiM, isalie he gautama ! tU kSaNa bhara bhI pramAda mata kr| aha paMcahiM ThANehiM jehiM sikkhA na lambhaI / thammA kohA pamAeNaM rogeNA'lassaeNa ya // 11 // 3 // ___mAna, krodha, pramAda, roga aura Alasya-ina pA~ca sthAnoM (hetuoM) se zikSA prApta nahIM hotii| aha aTTahiM ThANehiM sikkhAsIle tti vuccii| ahassire sayA dante na ya mammamudAhare // 11 // 4 // ATha sthAnoM (hetuoM) se vyakti ko zikSA-zIla kahA jAtA hai| (1) jo hAsya na kare, (2) jo sadA indriya aura mana kA damana kare, (3) jo marma-prakAzana na kare, nAsIle na visIle na siyA ailolue| akohaNe saccarae sikkhAsIle tti vuccaI // 11 // 5 // (4) jo cAritra se hIna na ho, (5) jisakA cAritra doSoM se kaluSita na ho, (6) jo rasoM meM ati lolupa na ho, (7) jo krodha na kare, (8) jo satya meM rata ho-use zikSA-zIla kahA jAtA hai| aha caudasahi ThANehiM vaTTamANe u sNje| aviNIe buccaI so u nivvANaM ca na gacchaI // 116 // ___caudaha sthAnoM (hetuoM) meM vartana karane vAlA saMyamI avinIta kahA jAtA hai / vaha nirvANa ko prApta nahIM hotaa|

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507 khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 11 sUkta aura zikSA-pada abhikkhaNaM kohI havai pabandhaM ca pakuvvaI / mettijjamANo vamai suyaM lakSNa majjaI // 11 // 7 // (1) jo bAra-bAra krodha karatA hai, (2) jo krodha ko TikA kara rakhatA hai, (3) jo mitrabhAva rakhane vAle ko bhI ThukarAtA hai, (4) jo zruta prApta kara mada rakhatA hai, avi pAvaparikkhevI avi mittesu kuppii| suppiyassAvi mittassa rahe bhAsai pAvagaM // 11 // 8 // (5) jo kisI kI skhalanA hone para usakA tiraskAra karatA hai, (6) jo mitroM para kupita hotA hai, (7) jo atyanta priya mitra kI bhI ekAnta meM burAI karatA hai, paiNNavAI duhile yaddhe luddhe annigghe| asaMvibhAgI aciyatte aviNIe tti vuccaI // 11 // 9 // (8) jo asaMbaddha-bhASI hotA hai, () jo drohI hai, (10) jo abhimAnI hai, (11) jo sarasa AhAra Adi meM lubdha hai, (12) jo ajitendriya hai, (13) jo asaMvibhAgI hai aura . . (14) jo aprItikara hai, vaha avinIta kahalAtA hai| aha pannarasa hiM ThANehiM suviNIe tti vuccaI / nIyAvattI acavale amAI akuUhale // 11 // 10 // pandraha sthAnoM se suvinIta kahalAtA hai(1) jo namra vyavahAra karatA hai, (2) jo capala nahIM hotA, (3) jo mAyAvI nahIM hotA, (4) jo kutUhala nahIM karatA, appaM cA'hikkhibaI pabandhaM ca na kuvvaI / mettijjamANo bhayaI suyaM laddhaM na majjaI // 11 // 11 // (5) jo kisI kA tiraskAra nahIM karatA, (6) jo krodha ko TikA kara nahIM rakhatA,

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana (7) jo mitra-bhAva rakhane vAle ke prati kRtajJa hotA hai, (8) jo zruta prApta kara mada nahIM karatA, naya pAvaparikkhevI na ya mittesu kuppii| appiyassAvi mittassa rahe kallANa bhAsaI // 11 // 12 // () jo skhalanA hone para kisI kA tiraskAra nahIM karatA, (10) jo mitroM para krodha nahIM karatA, (11) jo apriya mitra kI bhI ekAnta meM prazaMsA karatA hai, kalahaDamaravajjae buddhe abhijaaie| hirimaM paDisalINe suviNIe tti vuccaI // 11 // 13 // (12) jo kalaha aura hAthApAI kA varjana karatA hai, (13) jo kulIna hotA hai, (14) jo lajjAvAn hotA hai aura (15) jo prati-saMlIna (indriya aura mana kA saMgopana karane vAlA) hotA hai-vaha buddhimAn muni vinIta kahalAtA hai| base gurukule niccaM jogavaM uvhaannvN| piyaMkare piyavAI se sikkhaM laDumarihaI // 11 // 14 // jo sadA gurukula meM vAsa karatA hai, jo samAdhiyukta hotA hai, jo upadhAna (zruta adhyayana ke samaya tapa) karatA hai, jo priya karatA hai, jo priya bolatA hai, vaha zikSA prApta kara sakatA hai| sakkhaM khu bIsai tavoviseso na vImaI jAivisesa koii| sovAgaputte hariesasAhU jasserisA iDhi mahANubhAgA // 12 // 37 // __ yaha pratyakSa hI tapa kI mahimA dIkha rahI hai, jAti kI koI mahimA nahIM hai| jisakI Rddhi aisI mahAn (acintya zakti sampanna) hai, vaha harikeza muni cANDAla kA putra hai| kiM mAhaNA ! joisamArabhantA udaeNa sohiM bahiyA vimaggahA / jaM maggahA bAhiriyaM visohiM na taM sudiTuM kusalA vayanti // 12 // 38 // ___ muni ne kahA-brAhmaNo ! agni kA samArambha ( yajJa ) karate hue tuma bAhara se (jala se) zuddhi kI kyA mA~ga kara rahe ho ? jisa zuddhi kI bAhara se mA~ga kara rahe ho, use kuzala loga sudRSTa (samyag darzana) nahIM karate /

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 11 sUkta aura zikSA-pada 506 savvaM vilaviyaM gIyaM savvaM narse viDambiyaM / savve AbharaNA bhArA savve kAmA duhAvahA // 13 // 16 // saba gIta vilApa haiM, saba nRtya viDambanA haiM, saba AbharaNa bhAra haiM aura saba kAmabhoga duHkhakara haiN| khaNamettasokkhA bahukAladukkhA pagAmadukkhA annigaamsokkhaa| saMsAramokkhassa vipakkhabhUyA khANI aNatyANa u kAmabhogA // 14 // 13 // ye kAma-bhoga kSaNa bhara sukha aura cirakAla duHkha dene vAle haiM, bahuta duHkha aura thor3A sukha dene vAle haiM, saMsAra-mukti ke virodhI haiM aura anarthoM kI khAna haiN| jA jA vaccai rayaNI na sA pddiniyttii| ahammaM kuNamANassa aphalA janti rAizo // 14 // 24 // jo-jo rAta bIta rahI hai, vaha lauTa kara nahIM aatii| adharma karane vAle kI rAtriyA~ niSphala calI jAtI haiN| jA jA vaccai rayaNI na sA pddiniyttii| dhammaM ca kuNamANassa saphalA janti rAio // 14 // 25 // jo-jo rAta bIta rahI hai, vaha lauTa kara nahIM aatii| dharma karane vAle kI rAtriyA~ saphala hotI haiN| . marihisi rAyaM ! jayA tayA vA maNorame kAmaguNe pahAya / eko hu dhammo naradeva ! tANaM na vijjaI annamiheha kiMci // 14 // 40 // __ rAjan ! isa manorama kAma-bhogoM ko chor3a kara jaba kabhI maranA hogaa| he naradeva ! eka dharma hI trANa hai / usake sivAya koI dUsarI vastu trANa nahIM de sktii| devadANavagandhavvA jkkhrkkhskinmraa| bambhayAriM namaMsanti dukkaraM je karanti taM // 16 // 16 // usa brahmacArI ko deva, dAnava, gandharva, yakSa, rAkSasa aura kinnara-ye sabhI namaskAra karate haiM, jo duSkara brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai| esa dhamme dhuve niae sAsae jiNadesie / siddhA sijhanti cANeNa sijjhissanti tahApare // 16 // 15 // ___ yaha brahmacarya dharma, dhruva, nitya, zAzvata aura arhat ke dvArA upadiSTa hai isakA / pAlana kara aneka jIva siddha hue haiM, ho rahe haiM aura bhaviSya meM bhI hoNge|

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uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana sejjA daDhA pAuraNaM me asthi uppajjaI bhottuM taheva paauN| jANAmi jaM vaTTai Ausu ! ti kiM nAma kAhAmi sueNa bhante ! // 17:2 // (guru ke dvArA adhyayana kI preraNA prApta hone para ziSya kahatA hai) mujhe rahane ko acchA upAzraya mila rahA hai, kapar3A bhI mere pAsa hai, khAne-pIne ko bhI mila jAtA hai| AyuSman ! jo ho rahA hai, use maiM jAna letA huuN| bhante ! phira maiM zruta kA adhyayana karake kyA karU~gA ? je ke ime pavaie nidAsIle pgaamso| bhoccA peccA suhaM subai pAvasamaNi tti buccaI // 17 // 3 // ___ jo pravajita hokara bAra-bAra nIMda letA hai, khA-pI kara ArAma se leTa jAtA hai, vaha pApa-zramaNa kahalAtA hai| AyariyauvajjhAehiM suyaM viNayaM ca gaahie| te ceva khisaI bAle pAvasamaNi ti yuccaI // 17 // 4 // jina AcArya aura upAdhyAya ne zruta aura vinaya sikhAyA unhIM kI nindA karatA hai, vaha viveka-vikala bhikSu pApa-zramaNa kahalAtA hai| bahumAI pamuhare thaddhe luddhe annigghe| asaM vibhAgI aciyatte pAvasamaNi tti vuccaI // 17 // 11 // ___ jo bahuta kapaTI, vAcAla, abhimAnI, lAlacI, indriya aura mana para niyaMtraNa na rakhane vAlA, bhakta-pAna Adi kA saMvibhAga na karane vAlA aura guru Adi se prema na rakhane vAlA hotA hai, vaha pApa-zramaNa kahalAtA hai| vivAdaM ca udIrei ahamme attpnnhaa| buggahe kalahe ratte pAvasamaNi tti vuccaI // 17 // 12 // ___ jo zAnta hue vivAda ko phira se ubhAr3atA hai, jo sadAcAra se zUnya hotA hai, jo kutarka se apanI prajJA kA hanana karatA hai, jo kadAgraha aura kalaha meM rakta hotA hai, vaha pApa-zramaNa kahalAtA hai| dukhadahIvigaIo AhArei abhikkhaNaM / arae ya tavokamme pAvasamaNi tti vuccaI // 17 // 15 // jo dUdha, dahI Adi vikRtiyoM kA bAra-bAra AhAra karatA hai aura tapasyA meM rata nahIM rahatA, vaha pApa-zramaNa kahalAtA hai| jayA savvaM pariccajja gantavbamavasassa te / aNicce jIvalogammi kiM rajjammi pasajjasi ? // 18 // 12 // jaba ki tU parAdhIna hai isalie saba kucha chor3a kara tujhe cale jAnA hai, taba isa anitya jIva-loka meM tU kyoM rAjya meM Asakta ho rahA hai ?

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 11 sUkta aura zikSA-pada jammaM dukkhaM jarA dukkha rogA ya maraNANi ya / aho dukkho hu saMsAro jattha kIsanti jantavo // 19 / 15 / / __ janma duHkha hai, bur3hApA duHkha hai, roga duHkha hai aura mRtyu duHkha hai| aho! saMsAra duHkha hI hai, jisameM jIva kleza pA rahe haiN| samayA savvabhUesu sattu mittesu vA jge| pANAivAyaviraI jAvajjIvAe dukkarA // 19 // 25 // vizva ke zatru aura mitra-sabhI jIvoM ke prati samabhAva rakhanA aura yAvajjIvana prANAtipAta kI virati karanA bahuta hI kaThina kArya hai| nimmamo nirahaMkAro nissaMgo cttgaarvo| samo ya savvabhUesu tasesu thAvaresu ya // 1989 // mamatva-rahita, ahaMkAra-rahita, nirlepa, gaurava ko tyAgane vAlA, trasa aura sthAvara sabhI jIvoM meM samabhAva rakhane vAlA (muni hotA hai)| lAbhAlAme suhe dukkhe jIvie maraNe tahA / samo nindApasaMsAsu tahA mANavamANao // 1990 __lAbha-alAbha, sukha-duHkha, jIvana-maraNa, nindA-prazaMsA, mAna-apamAna meM sama rahane vAlA (muni hotA hai)| appA naI veyaraNI appA me kuuddsaamlii| appA kAmaduhA gheNU appA me nandaNaM vaNaM // 20 // 36 // merI AtmA hI vaitaraNI nadI hai aura AtmA hI kUTazAlmalI. vRkSa hai, AtmA hI kAma-dudhA dhenu hai aura AtmA hI nandanavana hai| appA kattA vikattA ya duhANa ya suhANa ya / appA mittamamittaM ca duppaDhiyasupaTTio // 20 // 37 // ___ AtmA hI duHkha-sukha kI karane vAlI aura unakA kSaya karane vAlI hai / satpravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA hI mitra hai aura duSpravRtti meM lagI huI AtmA hI zatru hai| mahiMsa saccaM ca ateNagaM ca tatto ya bambhaM apariggahaM ca / paDivajjiyA paMca mahavvayANi carijja dhammaM jiNadesiyaM viU // 21 // 12 // __ ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha-ina pA~ca mahAvratoM ko svIkAra kara vidvAn muni vItarAga-upadiSTa dharma kA AcaraNa kare / nANeNaM daMsaNeNaM ca caritteNa taheva ya / khantIe muttIe vaDDhamANo bhavAhi ya // 22 // 26 tuma jJAna, darzana, cAritra, kSA~ti aura mukti se bddh'o|

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512 uttarAdhyayana eka : samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ege jie jiyA paMca paMca jie jiyA basa / vasahA u jiNittANaM savvasattU jiNAmaha // 23 // 36 // eka ko jIta lene para pA~ca jIte ge| pA~ca ko jIta lene para dasa jIte ge| dasoM ko jIta kara maiM saba zatruoM ko jIta letA huuN| sarIramAhu nAva tti jIvo vuccai naavio| saMsAro aNNavo vutto jaM taranti mahe siNo // 23 // 73 // zarIra ko naukA, jIva ko nAvika aura saMsAra ko samudra kahA gayA hai| mokSa kI eSaNA karane vAle ise taira jAte haiM / jarAmaraNavegeNaM vujjhamANANa pANiNaM / dhammo dIvo paiTThA ya gaI saraNamuttamaM // 23 // 6 // ___ jarA aura mRtyu ke vega se bahate hue prANiyoM ke lie dharma dvIpa, pratiSThA, gati aura uttama zaraNa hai| jA u assA viNI nAvA na sA pArassa gAmiNI / jA nirassAviNI nAvA sA u pArassa gAmiNI // 23 // 7 // - jo cheda vAlI naukA hotI hai, vaha usa pAra nahIM jA paatii| kintu jo naukA cheda vAlI nahIM hotI, vaha usa pAra calI jAtI hai| jo na sajjai AgantuM pavvayanto na soyii| . ramae ajjavayaNaM mi taM vayaM bUma mAhaNa // 25 // 20 // jo Ane para Asakta nahIM hotA, jAne ke samaya zoka nahIM karatA, jo Arya-vacana meM ramaNa karatA hai, use hama brAhmaNa kahate haiN| na vi muNDieNa samaNo oMkAreNa bmbhnno| na muNI raNNavAseNaM kusacIreNa na tAvaso // 25 // 29 // __ kevala sira mUMDa lene se koI zramaNa nahIM hotA, 'om' kA japa karane mAtra se koI brAhmaNa nahIM hotA, kevala araNya meM rahane se koI muni nahIM hotA aura kuza kA cIvara pahanane mAtra se koI tApasa nahIM hotaa| samayAe samaNo hoi bambhacereNa bmbhnno| nANeNa ya muNI hoi taveNaM hoi tAkso // 25 // 30 // samabhAva kI sAdhanA karane se zramaNa hotA hai, brahmacarya ke pAlana se brAhmaNa hotA hai, jJAna kI ArAdhanA karane se muni hotA hai, tapa kA AcaraNa karane se tApasa hotA hai|

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khaNDa 2, prakaraNa : 11 sUkta aura zikSA-pada kammuNA bammaNo hoi kammuNA hoi khttio| vaisso kammaNA hoi suddo havai kammuNA // 25 // 31 // ___ manuSya karma se brAhmaNa hotA hai, karma se kSatriya hotA hai, karma se vaizya hotA hai aura karma se hI zUdra hotA hai| uvalevo hoi bhogesu abhogI novlippii| bhogI bhamai saMsAre abhogI vippamuccaI // 25 // 39 // __ bhogoM meM upalepa hotA hai| abhogI lipta nahIM hotaa| bhogI saMsAra meM bhramaNa karatA hai / abhogI usase mukta ho jAtA hai / khaluMkA jArisA jojjA dussIsA vi hu taarisaa| joiyA dhammajANammi bhajjanti . dhiidubalA // 27 // ___ jute hue ayogya baila jaise vAhana ko bhagna kara dete haiM, vaise hI durbala dhRti vAle ziSyoM ko dharma-yAna meM jota diyA jAtA hai to ve use bhagna kara dete haiN| nAsaNissa nANaM nANeNa viNA na hunti crnngunnaa| aguNissa nasthi mokkho nasthi amokkhassa nivvANaM // 28 // 30 // ___ adarzanI (asamyaktvI) ke jJAna (samyag jJAna) nahIM hotA, jJAna ke binA cAritra guNa nahIM hote / aguNI vyakti kI mukti nahIM hotii| amukta kA nirvANa nahIM hotaa| nANeNa jANaI bhAve vaMsaNeNa ya sarahe / carittaNa nigiNhAi taveNa parisujjhaI // 28 // 35 // jIva jJAna se padArthoM ko jAnatA hai, darzana se zraddhA karatA hai, cAritra se nigraha karatA hai aura tapa se zuddha hotA hai| tassesa maggo guruviddhasevA vivajjaNA bAlajaNassa duuraa| samAyaegantanisevaNA ya suttatyasaMcintaNayA dhiI ya // 32 // 3 // ___ guru aura vRddhoM ( sthavira muniyoM ) kI sevA karanA, ajJAnI janoM kA dUra se hI varjana karanA, svAdhyAya karanA, ekAnta vAsa karanA, sUtra aura artha kA cintana karanA tathA dhairya rakhanA-yaha mokSa kA mArga hai / AhAramicche miyamesaNijjaM sahAyamicche niuNatthabuddhiM / nikeyamicchejja vivegajogaM samAhikAme samaNe tavassI // 32 // 4 // ___ samAdhi cAhane vAlA tapasvI zramaNa parimita aura eSaNIya AhAra kI icchA kre| jIva Adi padArtha ke prati nipuNa buddhi vAle gItArtha ko sahAyaka banAe aura vivikta (strI, pazu, napuMsaka se rahita) ghara meM rhe|

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514 514 uttarAdhyayana : eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM kammaM ca mohappabhavaM vayanti / kammaM ca jAImaraNassa mUlaM dukkhaM ca jAImaraNaM vayanti // 32 // 7 // ___ rAga aura dveSa karma ke bIja haiN| karma moha se utpanna hotA hai aura vaha janma-maraNa kA mUla hai| janma-maraNa ko duHkha kA mUla kahA gayA hai| dukkha hayaM jassa na hoi moho moho ho jassa na hoi thaa| taNhA hayA jassa na hoi loho loho ho jassa na kiMcaNAI // 32 // 8 // jisake moha nahIM hai, usane duHkha kA nAza kara diyA hai| jisake tRSNA nahIM hai, usane moha kA nAza kara diyaa| jisake lobha nahIM hai, usane tRSNA kA nAza kara diyaa| jisake pAsa kucha nahIM hai, usane lobha kA nAza kara diyaa| je indiyANaM visayA maNunnA na tesu bhAvaM nisire kyaai| na yA'maNunnesu maNaM pi kujjA samAhikAme samaNe tavassI // 32 // 21 // samAdhi cAhane vAlA tapasvI zramaNa indriyoM ke jo manojJa viSaya haiM, unakI ora bhI mana na kare-rAga na kare aura jo amanojJa viSaya haiM, unakI ora bhI mana na. kare-dveSa na kre| na kAmabhogA samayaM uventi na yAvi bhogA vigaI uventi / je tappaosI ya pariggahI ya so tesu mohA vigaI uvei // 32 // 101 // kAma-bhoga samatA ke hetu bhI nahIM hote aura vikAra ke hetu bhI nahIM hote / jo puruSa unake prati dvaSa yA rAga karatA hai, vaha tadviSayaka moha ke kAraNa vikAra ko prApta hotA hai| jiNavayaNe aNurattA jiNavayaNaM je karenti bhAveNa / amalA asaMkiliTThA te honti parittasaMsArI // 36 // 260 // __ jo jina-vacana meM anurakta haiM tathA jina-vacanoM kA bhAva-pUrvaka AcaraNa karate haiM, ve nirmala aura asaMkliSTa hokara parIta-saMsArI (alpa janma-maraNa vAle) ho jAte haiN| bAlamaraNANi bahusoM akAmamaraNANi ceva ya bhuunni| marihinti te varAyA jiNavayaNaM je na jANanti // 36 // 26 // jo prANI jina-vacanoM se paricita nahIM haiM, ve becAre aneka bAra bAla-maraNa tathA akAma-maraNa karate rheNge|

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