Mahakavi Bhudhardas Ek Samalochantmaka Adhyayana

Author(s): Narendra Jain
Publisher: Vitrag Vigyan Swadhyay Mandir Trust Ajmer
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/090268/1

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hindI santa sAhitya ke vizeSa sandarbha meM - mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana ( hindI vibhAga, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura kI pI-eca.DI. upAdhi hetu svIkRta zodha prabandha, san 1993 ) lekhaka evaM sampAdaka : DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina zAstrI jainadarzanAcArya, ema. e. (hindI, saMskRta), bI. eDa., pI. eca.DI. prakAzaka : paM. sadAsukha graMthamAlA antargata zrI vItarAga vijJAna svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa DaoN. nandalAla mArga, purAnI maNDI, ajamera (rAja.)

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana prakAzakIya zraddheya paNDitapravara sadAsukhadAsa jI kAsalIvAla kI sAdhanA sthalI ajamera meM adhyAtmarasika dharmAnurAgI zrI pUnamacaMdajI luhADiyA dvArA dinAMka 16 apraila 1985 ko zrI vItarAga vijJAna svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa ajamera kI sthApanA kI gaI, jisake antargata zrI sImandhara jinAlaya meM pratidina dainika pUjana, svAdhyAya, bhakti Adi ke alAvA vizeSa avasaroM para viziSTa pUjA, vidhAna, zikSaNa zivira, vairAgyotpAdaka sAMskRtika kAryakrama Adi ke dvArA vItarAga jinazAsana ko ArAdhanA evaM prabhAvanA ho rahI hai| jaina vidvAnoM kI paramparA ko akSuNNa rakhane ke lie zrI kundakunda kahAna di. jaina tIrthasurakSA TrasTa bambaI dvArA paNDita ToDaramala di. jaina siddhAnta mahAvidyAlaya ke antargata paM. sadAsukhadAsa di. jaina siddhAnta vidyAlaya sthApita karake ajamera TrasTa ne 25 chAtroM ke paThana-pAThana, nivAsa, bhojanAdi kA kharca sana 1995 se sthAyI rUpa se denA prArambha kiyA hai| jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra hetu samarpita zrI kundakunda zikSaNa saMsthAna bambaI, anupalabdha di. jaina sAhitya upalabdha karAne hetu zrI kundakunda zodha saMsthAna ajamera va paNDita sadAsukha granthamAlA, ajamera ( jisake antargata abhI taka 1 puSpa prakAzita ho cuke haiM) ye saba zrI pUnamacaMdajI luhAr3iyA kI mahattvapUrNa parikalpanAe~ haiN| jaina samAja kI udIyamAna pratibhAoM ko protsAhita karane hetu TrasTa ne agasta 1995 jayapura zivira meM paM, ToDaramala di. jaina siddhAnta mahAvidyAlaya jayapura ke pIeca DI. karane vAle bhUtapUrva 5 snAtaka - DaoN. zreyAMsa siMghaI, DaoN. sudIpa jaina, DaoN. narendra jaina, DaoN. yogeza jaina evaM DaoN. rAjeza jaina ko sammAnita kiyA / agasta % jayapura zivira meM zrImatI DaoN. munnIdevI jaina vArANasI ko "hindI gadya ke vikAsa meM jaina manISI paM. sadAsukhadAsa kA yogadAna" viSaya para pI-eca.DI. karane para 21 hajAra kI rAzi, prazasti patra Adi dekara sammAnita kiyA / bhaviSya meM bhI TrasTa isa dizA meM kRta saMkalpita rhegaa| paNDita narendrakumArajI paM. ToDaramala di. jaina siddhAnta mahAvidyAlaya jayapura ke pratibhAzAlI chAtra rahe haiN| inhoMne san 1982 kI zAstrI parIkSA meM sarvocca sthAna prApta kiyA thaa| zAstrI, jainadarzanAcArya, emae, (hindI, saMskRta), bI.eDa karane ke bAda inhoMne paNDita bhUdharadAsa jI para yaha zodhakArya kiyA hai|

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. mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : inake isa zodha prabandha meM 9 adhyAya haiN| jinameM hindI saMta sAhitya kA anveSaNAtmaka paricaya mahAkavi paM. bhUdhAdAsa kA vyaktitva, jIvana paricaya, unake dvArA racita prasiddha mahAkAvya pArzvapurANa, muktaka kAvya jaina zataka, padasaMgraha Adi alaukika kRtiyoM kA bhAvapakSIya evaM kalApakSIya samAlocanAtmaka anuzIlana, unake dArzanika, AdhyAtmika evaM vairAgyamUlaka dhArmika vicAra va cintana zailI, hindI saMta sAhitya ke vizeSa sandarbha meM unakA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, ullekhanIya viziSTa yogadAna Adi viSayoM para bahuta gaharAI se prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha zodha prabandha hindI saMta sAhitya kI dRSTi se to mahatvapUrNa hai hI, AdhyAtmika evaM dhArmika dRSTi se bhI isakI apanI maulikatA evaM garimA hai| vItarAga jinazAsana meM adhyAtma evaM vairAgya kA sundara samanvaya paM. bhUdharadAsa jI kI sabhI racanAoM meM sahajarUpa meM hI mila jAtA hai| unake dvArA racita bAraha bhAvanAe~, aneka AdhyAtmika pada evaM jaina zataka sabhI AtmAcI mumukSuoM ke kaMThahAra haiM / "pArzvapurANa" mahAkAvya to apane Apa meM anUThA hai hI - aisI sabhI racanAoM kA anuzIlana karane vAle isa zodha prabandha ke prakAzana se TrasTa gauravAnvita deza-videza meM khyAtiprApta, tArkika, AdhyAtmika vidvAna DaoN. hukamacanda jI bhArilla ne hamAre vizeSa anurodha para yaha ati mArmika evaM prabhAvI prastAvanA likhI hai; jisameM unhoMne aneka mahatvapUrNa manana yogya tathyoM ko ujAgara kiyA hai| TrasTa ApakA bahuta-bahuta AbhArI hai| isa lokopayogI grantha ke prakAzana evaM mUlya kama karane hetu zrI kundakunda kahAna di. jaina tIrtha surakSA TrasTa bambaI, pUjya zrI kAnajIsvAmI smAraka TrasTa devalAlI tathA anya dAtAroM ne jo anudAna rAzi pradAna kI hai (sUcI alaga se prakAzita hai) TrasTa unake prati AbhAra vyakta karatA hai| hameM AzA hai ki mahAkavi paNDita bhUdharadAsa jI kI vairAgya evaM adhyAtma samanvita viziSTa dhArmika racanAoM ke adhyayana se sabhI dharma premI baMdhuoM ko naitika, dhArmika jIvana evaM mokSamArga kI ora agrasara hone kI pAvana preraNA prApta ho skegii| vinIta : hIrAcanda boharA maMtrI, vItarAga vijJAna svAdhyAya maMdira TrasTa, ajamera

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana prastAvanA - DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, jayapura mokSamArga prakAzaka jaise praur3ha grantha ke lekhaka mahApaNDita ToDaramalajI aura purANa granthoM ke vacanikAkAra paNDita daulatarAmajI kAsalIvAla ke samakAlIna vidvAna kavivara bhUdharadAsajI, nATaka samayasAra jaise grantha ke racayitA kavivara banArasIdAsajI dvArA AgarA meM sthApita adhyAtma sailI meM saMskArita hue the| Apa ukta sailI ke apane samaya ke pramukha vidvAna the| mahApaNDita ToDaramalajI ke ananya sahayogI sAdharmI bhAI ba. rAyamallajI jahA~ eka ora paNDita daulatarAmajI kAsalIvAla se milane udayapura gae, ToDaramalajI se milane jayapura Ara; tI te dharadAsajI se milane AgarA bhI gae the| jaisA ki unake dvArA likhita jIvana patrikA ke nimnAMkita aMza se spaSTa hai - ___ "pIche rANAM kA udaipura viSai daulatarAma terApaMthI, jaipura ke jayasyaMgha rAjA ke ukIla ' tAsUM dharma arthi mile| vAkai saMskRta kA jJAna nIkAM, bAla avasthA sUM le vRddha avasthA paryanta sadaiva sau pacAsa zAstrAM kA avalokana kIyA aura uhA~ daulatarAma ke nimitta kari dasa bIsa sAdharmI vA dasa bIsa bAyAM sahita sailI kA baNAva baNi rahyA / tAkA avalokana kari sAhipurai pAchA aae| pIche ketAika dina rahi ToDaramalla jaipura ke sAhUkAra kA putra tAkai vizeSa jJAna jAni vAsU milane ke arthi jaipura nagari aae| so ihAM vAkU nahIM pAyA, ara eka vaMsIdhara kiMcit saMyama kA dhAraka vizeSa vyAkaraNAdi jainamata ke zAstrAM kA pAThI, sau pacAsa lar3akA puruSa bAyAM jA nakheM' vyAkaraNa chanda alaMkAra kAvya caracA pada, tA sUM mile| pI3 vA choDi Agarai gae / uhA~ syAhagaMja viSai bhUdharamalla sAhUkAra vyAkaraNa kA pAThI ghaNAM jaina ke zAstrAM kA pAragAmI tAsUM mile aura sahara viSai eka dharmapAla seTha jainI agravAla vyAkaraNa kA pAThI motI kaTalA kai caitAlai zAstra kA vyAkhyAna kara, syAhagaMja ke caitAlai bhUdharamalla zAstra 1. vakIla 2. jisake pAsa

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vi) mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : kA vyAkhyAna karai, aura sau doya sai sAdharmI bhAI tA sahita vAsU mili pheri jaipura pAchA aae| pIche sekhAvATI viSai siMghAMNAM naya tahAM ToDaramallajI eka dillI kA bar3A sAhUkAra sAdharmI tAkai samIpa karma kArya ke arthi vahAM rahai, tahAM hama ge| ara ToDaramallajI sUM mile, nAnA prakAra ke prazna kIe, tAkA uttara eka gomaTTasAra nAmA grantha kI sAkhi saM dete bhe| tA grantha kI mahimA hama pUrvaM suNI thI, tAtUM vizeSa dekhI / ara ToDaramallajI kA jJAna kI mahimA adbhuta dekhii|" sAdharmI bhAI rAyamalajI ke ukta kathana se yaha to spaSTa ho hI jAtA hai ki bhUdharadAsajI paNDita ToDaramalajI ke samakAlIna the aura unake samAna prasiddhi prApta bhI the| ve vyAkaraNa ke pAThI aura jaina zAstroM ke pAragAmI vidvAna the| veAgarA ke smAhagaja ke jinamaMdira meM pravacana kiyA karate the / ToDaramalajI ke samakAlIna hote hue bhI ve ToDaramalajI se uma meM bIsa varSa bar3e the; kyoMki ToDaramalajI kA janma vikrama saMvat 1775-76 sambhAvita hai aura bhUdharadAsajI kA janma vi. saM. 1756-57 mAnA jAtA hai| __yadyapi bhUdharadAsajI jina-adhyAtma paramparA ke pratiSThita vidvAna aura vairAgI prakRti ke sazakta kavi the; tathApi tatkAlIna rAjanaitika, sAmAjika aura sAhityika viSama paristhitiyoM ke bIca unheM apanI dhArA ko pravAhita karanA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ve tatkAlIna kaviyoM kI kAvya racanA para kheda aura Azcarya vyakta karate hue janatA ko isaprakAra sAvadhAna karate haiM ---- rAga udai jaga aMdha bhayo, sahajai saba logana lAja gNvaaii| sIkha binA nara sIkha rahe, visanAdika sevana kI sudharAI / tA pai aura race rasa kAvya, kahA kahiye tinakI niThurAI / aMdha asUjana kI aMkhiyAna meM, jhoMkata haiM raja rAmaduhAI // rAga ke udaya ke kAraNa yaha sampUrNa jagata aMdhA ho rahA hai aura sabhI logoM ne lajjA chor3a dI hai| are bhAI ! sapta vyasanoM kI sughar3atA to sabhI 1. jIvana patrikA : paNDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva ke anta meM prakAzita | 2. paNDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva - DaoN. bhArilla pRSTha 44-53 3. prastuta zodha grantha - tRtIya adhyAya 4. jainazataka chanda 65

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana loga binA zikSA ke hI sIkha rahe haiM / aisA hone para bhI una logoM kI niSThuratA kI kyA bAta kareM; jo loga zrRMgAra rasa kI kAvya racanA kara unheM vyasanoM meM phaMsane ke lie uttejita karate rahate haiM / maiM rAma kI kasama khAkara kahatA hU~ ki ve loga una dIna-hIna logoM kI AMkhoM meM dhUla jhoMka rahe haiM; jo ki svayaM aMdhe haiM aura jinheM kucha bhI dikhAI nahIM detaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki dIna-hIna aMdhe loga to dayA ke pAtra hote haiM, unheM to sanmArga dikhAyA jAtA hai| para ye duSTa loga una logoM kI AMkhoM meM bhI dhUla jhoMka rahe haiM, unheM galata rAste para calane kI preraNA de rahe haiN| isase adhika burA aura kyA kArya hogA?- yaha bAta gaMbhIratA se vicAra karane yogya hai| mahAkavi bhUdharadAsajI to yaha cAhate haiM ki rasoM usake bagata ke prANiyoM ko mogoM se virakta kara AtmakalyANa kI preraNA dI jAnI cAhie; jisase ve viSayoM se virakta hokara jIvana ko saphala aura sArthaka bnaaveN| are bhAI ! isa jagata meM jaMjAla bahuta haiM aura samaya bahuta kama; tathA hama sabhI kI zakti bahuta hI sImita hai; isalie samaya rahate ceta jAne meM hI lAbha hai; kyoMki samaya ke nikala jAne para yadi bAta khyAla meM bhI A gaI to kacha bhI karanA saMbhava na hogaa| yaha bAta kavi hRdaya meM bahata gaharAI se baiThI huI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki kavi karuNA vigalita hokara apane pAThakoM se kahatA hai ki - jo loM deha terI kAhU roga soM na gherI, jo lo jarA nAhiM nerI jAsauM parAdhIna parihai / jo loM jamanAmA bairI deya na damAmA jo loM, mAnai kainA rAmA buddhi jAya na vigarihai // to lauM mitra mere nija kAraja saMvAra le re, pauruSa thakeMge phera pIche kahA krihai| aho Aga lAge jaba jhoparI jarana lAgai, kuA ke khudAya taba kauna kAja sarihai / ' 1. jainazataka, chanda 26

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wi mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : jabataka tere isa zarIra ko rogoM ne nahIM gherA hai, jabataka parAdhIna karane vAlA bur3hApA najadIka nahIM AyA hai, jabataka yamarAja rUpI zatru ne nagAr3A nahIM bajAyA hai, jabataka patnI kahanA mAnatI hai aura jabataka buddhi vikRta nahIM huI hai; tabataka he mitra ! apane AtmakalyANa ke kArya ko kara le, jIvana ko saMbhAla le: kyoMki jala puruSArtha taka jAegA, taba tU kyA karegA, kyA kara sakegA? are bhAI ! Aga ke laga jAne para jaba jhopar3I jalane laga jAe; taba kue ke khodane se kyA lAbha hone vAlA hai ? isa bAta para jarA gambhIratA se vicAra kro| jainazataka ke ukta chanda meM samaya rahate AtmakalyANa kara lene kI pAvana preraNA to dI hI gaI hai| sAtha meM antima paMkti meM 'Aga laga jAne para kueM ke khodane se kyA lAbha?'- isa lokokti kA bhI prasaMgAnusAra sundaratama prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kavi ko isa bAta kA bahuta hI duHkha hai ki duniyAdArI meM ulajhe jagata jana jagata kI vicitratA, kSaNabhaMguratA aura duHkhamayatA dekhakara bhI cetate kyoM nahIM haiM ? unheM isa mahAdurlabha manuSya bhava kI mahimA kyoM nahIM AtI ? ve likhate haiM - kAhU ghara putra jAyau, kAhU ke viyoga Ayau; kAhU rAga-raMga kAhU roA-roI karI hai| jahA~ bhAna Ugata uchAha gIta gAna dekhe sAMjha samai tAhI thAna hAya-hAya parI hai / / aisI jaga rIti ko na dekhi bhayabhIta hoya; hA-hA nara mUDha terI mati kaunai harI hai| mAnuSa janama pAya sovata vihAya jAya; khovata karorana kI eka-eka gharI hai|' eka hI samaya meM kisI ke ghara putrotpatti kI khuzI kA prasaMga hai to kisI ghara putrAdi ke viyoga kA. duHkhada prasaMga bana rahA hai ; koI rAga-raMga meM masta hai to kisI ke ghara ronA-dhonA ho rahA hai| 1. jainazataka, chanda 21

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana yaha to bhinna-bhinna gharoM kI bAta huI ; kintu dekhane meM to aisA bhI AtA hai ki jahA~ eka ora eka hI ghara meM sUryodaya ke samaya bar3e hI utsAha ke sAtha gIta gAte dekhA jAtA hai; vahIM dUsarI ora usI ghara meM sUryAsta ke samaya hAyatobA macI huI hai - yaha bhI dekhA jAtA hai / jagata kI isaprakAra kI sthiti dekhakara bhI yaha prANI bhayabhIta nahIM hotaa| hAya-hAya, he mUr3ha nara ! terI buddhi kahA~ calI gaI hai, terI buddhi kA apaharaNa kisane kara liyA hai ki itanI sI bAta bhI terI samajha meM nahIM A rahI hai| isa amUlya manuSya janma ko pAkara tU use sone meM hI gamA rahA hai| tujhe nahIM mAlUma ki tU jisa manuSya jIvana ko yoM hI barbAda kara rahA hai, vaha kitanA kImatI hai, usakI eka-eka ghar3I karor3oM rupayoM kI hai| karor3oM kI eka-eka ghar3I tU yoM hI barbAda kara rahA hai / isaprakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kavivara bhUdharadAsajI kA na kevala kAvya hI, apitu unakA jIvana bhI adhyAtma rasa aura vairAgyabhAva se sarAbora hai| __ adhyAtmapramiyoM meM atyanta lokapriya evaM samyagdRSTiyoM kI pariNati kA digdarzana karane vAlA prasiddha pada 'aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo' bhI ApakI hI racanA hai ; jisameM adhyAtma rasa ke sAtha-sAtha zrAvaNa mAsa meM hone vAlI prakRti kI ramaNIya chaTA kA bhI manohArI citraNa hai| sAMga rUpaka ke aise sazakta prayoga bahuta kama dekhane ko milate haiN| vaha pada mUlataH isaprakAra hai aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo / bIti kurIti mithyAmati grISama, pAvasa sahaja suhaayo|| aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo / Teka // anubhava-dAminI damakana lAgI, surati ghaTA ghana chaayo| bole vimala viveka papIhA, sumati suhAgina bhAyo / / aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo // 1 // guru dhuni garaja sunata sukha upaje, mora sumana vihNsaayo| sAdhaka bhAva aMkura uThe bahu, jita tita haraSa savAyo / aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo || 2 ||

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mahAkavi pUdharadAsa : bhUla dhUla kahiM mUla na sUjhata, samarasa jala bhara lAyo / 'bhUdhara' ko nikase aba bAhira, jina niracU ghara pAyo / aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo // 3 // aba mere jIvana meM samyaktvarUpI zrAvaNa mAsa A gayA hai / dhArmika kurIti mithyAmatirUpI grISma Rtu bIta gaI hai aura sahaja sukha-zAntidAyaka samyaktva surItirUpa barSA Rtu A gaI hai| isaprakAra aba mere jIvana meM samyaktvarUpI zrAvaNa mAsa A gayA hai| ___ AtmA ke anubhavarUpa bijalI camakane lagI hai, Atma-smRtirUpa meghoM kI ghanIbhUta ghaTA chA gaI hai, nirmala viveka rUpI papIhA bolane lagA hai aura sumati rUpI suhAgina ( saubhAgyavatI nArI , prasanna ho gaI hai; isaprakAra aba mere jIvana meM samyaktvarUpI zrAvaNamAsa A gayA hai| jisaprakAra meghoM kI garjanA sunakara mayUra pramudita ho uThate haiM, nAcane lagate haiM; kAra sadguru kI garjana sunakara merA mana rUpI mora prasanna ho uThA hai, Anandita ho uThA hai aura usameM sAdhakabhAva ke bahuta se aMkura phUTa par3e haiM tathA yatra-tatra sarvatra savAyA harSa chA gayA hai| isaprakAra aba mere jIvana meM samyaktvarUpI zrAvaNa mAsa A gayA hai| prayojanabhUta tattvoM sambandhI bhUlarUpI dhUla mUla se samApta ho gaI hai, ata: kahIM bhI dikhAI nahIM detI tathA samatArUpI jala sarvatra hI bhara gayA hai; jIvana meM samatA A gaI hai| kavivara bhUdharadAsajI kahate haiM ki jaba maiMne isaprakAra kA niracU ghara prApta kara liyA hai to aba maiM isa niracU ghara se bAhara kyoM nikala? aba to maiM sadA isa niraca ghara meM hI rahU~gA; kyoMki aba mere jIvana meM samyaktvarUpI sAvana A gayA hai| bhayaMkara varSA hone para bhI jisa ghara meM pAnI andara nahIM AtA ; use niracU ghara kahate haiN| gA~voM meM kacce makAna hote haiN| varSA hone para unameM pAnI cUne lagatA hai, Tapakane lagatA hai ; usase unheM bahuta parezAnI hotI hai, sabhI sAmAna kharAba ho jAtA hai| ata: unake mana meM aise ghara kI kAmanA sadA hI

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana banI rahatI hai jo bhayaMkara barasAta meM bhI cue nhiiN| aise ghara kI prApti hone para unheM bahuta prasannatA hotI hai aura ve usa ghara se bAhara nahIM nikalanA cAhate, ArAma se usI meM rahanA cAhate haiN| lagatA hai kavivara bhUdharadAsajI ko bhI aise hI ghara meM rahanA par3A hogA, jo varSA Ane para cUtA hogaa| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki unhoMne zrAvaNamAsa meM hI isa pada kI racanA kI ho; jisameM unhoMne isa pAvasa Rtu ke zrAvaNa mAsa kI sarvaprakAra Rtu sambandhI anukUlatA ke anubhava ke sAtha-sAtha cUne vAle ghara ko pratikUlatA kA bhI anubhava kiyA ho| isa kAraNa sahaja bhAva se samyaktvarUpa sAvana kI mahimA bakhAna karate karate ve AtmAnubhavarUpI niracU ghara se bAhara hI nahIM nikalane kI bAta karane lage haiN| ukta pada meM zrAvaNI varSA Rtu kA sAMgopAMga varNana hai| grISma kI garmI kA samApana, pAvasa kA sahaja suhAvanApana, bijalI kA camakanA, ghane kAle bAdaloM kA chA jAnA, papIhA kA bolanA, suhAginoM kA mana mohita honA, bAdaloM kA garajanA, moroM kA mudita honA, nAcanA, aMkuroM kA phUTanA, sarvatra harSa kA chA jAnA, dhUla kA kahIM bhI dikhAI na denA aura sarvatra jala hI jala dikhAI denA Adi varSA Rtu kI sabhI vizeSatAoM kA sundaratama varNana isa pada meM hai aura ina sabhI ko samyaktva prApti se hone vAle Ananda se jor3A gayA " isa pada meM prakRti kA mAnavIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai, pAvasa kI prAkRtika manohArI chaTA ko samyagdarzana rUpa AtmIya pAva ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai; jo kAvyakalA ke bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa kA sundaratama nidarzana hai| isaprakAra hama dekhate haiM ki mahAkavi bhUdharadAsajI kA sampUrNa padya sAhitya bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa donoM hI dRSTiyoM se pUrNataH samRddha sAhitya hai| DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina zAstrI ne isa zodha-prabaMdha meM mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa ke vyaktitva aura kartRtva ko viSaya banAkara eka mahatI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kI hai| jainasAhitya kI upekSA aba taka yaha kahakara kI jAtI rahI hai ki vaha sAmpradAyika sAhitya hai, dhArmika sAhitya hai| aba kucha samaya se zodhArthiyoM kA dhyAna isa ora gayA hai| isa kAraNa thor3A-bahuta kArya isa dizA meM huA

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : hai / isa dizA meM aba taka jo bhI kArya huA haiusameM isa zodha-prabaMdha kA bhI mahatvapUrNa sthAna hogaa| DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina zAstrI svayaM adhyAtmaruci sampanna adhyayanazIla vidvAna evaM dhuna ke dhanI, dRr3ha saMkalpI vyakti hai| isa avasara para unake dRSya saMkalpa ko ujAgara karane vAlI eka ghaTanA kA ullekha karanA mujhe Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| bI. e. karane ke bAda ve vyavasAya meM laga gae the, kintu jaba unheM patA calA ki paNDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura meM jaina vidyA ke adhyayana kA eka mahAvidyAlaya Arambha huA hai to vyavasAya chor3akara usameM praveza ke lie A ge| jaba ve Aye, taba sabhI sthAna bhara cuke the aura ve pacAsa pratizata se kama aMka lekara pAsa hue the ; ata: unakA praveza sambhava na huaa| aisI sthiti meM bhI ve yahA~ DaTe hI rahe aura kahane lage ki jaba puruSArtha karane para AtmA ko pAyA jA sakatA hai to phira yahA~ praveza kaise nahIM hogA? unake saMkalpa ko dekhakara karIba eka mAha bAda unheM isa zarta ke sAtha praveza diyA gayA ki yadi ve pacAsa pratizata se adhika aMka pAkara pAsa na hue to unheM pUre varSa kA sampUrNa kharca denA hogA aura agale varSa praveza se vaMcita rheNge| phalasvarUpa unhoMne itanA zrama kiyA ki hameM unase yaha kahanA par3A ki Apa cintA na kareM, itanA zrama na kareM ki svAsthya gar3abar3A jaae| antata: ve sarvAdhika aMkoM se uttIrNa hue / hamAre pAsa cAra varSa rahe aura sadA sarvAdhika aMka prApta karate rhe| unhoMne isa kRti ke nirmANa meM bhI athak zrama kiyA hai| unhoMne isameM na kevala apanI pratibhA kA paricaya diyA hai; apitu mahAkavi bhUdharadAsajI vyaktitva aura kartRtva ko bhI bhalI-bhAMti ujAgara kiyA hai| maiM unake sundaratama bhaviSya kI maMgala kAmanA karatA hU~ aura zubhAzISa detA hU~ ki ve na kevala sAhityajagata meM sakriya raheM; apitu AtmakalyANa ke mArga meM bhI Age bar3he, zuddhAtmA kA anubhava kara atIndriya Ananda evaM Atmika zAnti prApta kareM /

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana xiii Atmavaktavya san 1985 meM emae, saMskRta parIkSA prathama zreNI meM uttIrNa karane ke pazcAt zodha kArya karane kI prabala icchA huI, parantu vicAra mUrta rUpa na le sakA / san 1987 meM maiMne jainadarzana meM AcArya parIkSA bhI prathama zreNI se uttIrNa kara lii| * usa samaya rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya meM saMskRta vibhAga ke antargata jaina anuzIlana kendra ke nidezaka DA. bhAgacanda jaina "bhAskara the| ve nAgapura vizvavidyAlaya se pratiniyukti para yahA~ Aye the| vizeSa kRpA se zodhakArya hetu unake nirdezana kI svIkRti prApta hone para maiMne "jaina darzana meM kAraNa kArya mImAMsA" viSaya para zodha kI rUparekhA vizvavidyAlaya ko prastuta karate hue paMjIyana kI samasta kAryavAhI pUrNa kara zodha kArya zurU kara diyaa| isa bIca DA. jaina apane nagara nAgapura vApasa cale gaye aura mujhe vizvavidyAlaya dvArA zodha nirdezaka ke parivartana kA Adeza prApta ho gyaa| niyati ko isa viSaya para zodhakArya svIkArya nahIM thA / san 1989 meM maiMne emae. hindI kI parIkSA bhI prathama zreNI se uttIrNa kara lI tathA hindI meM hI zodhakArya karane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| cUMki prArambha se hI merI ruci jaina dharma meM thI, ata: hindI meM bhI aise kavi para zodha karanA cAhatA thA; jo jaina kavi hone ke sAtha-sAtha sAhityakAra bhI ho| jaina kavi banArasIdAsa para zodhakArya ho cukA thaa| ata: usI kar3I meM mujhe bhUdharadAsa mahatvapUrNa pratIta hue| bhUdharadAsa para zodhakArya karane hetu mujhe pro. jamanAlAla jaina, indaura ne bhI kAphI prerita kiyaa| ata: bhUdharadAsa para zodha kArya karane kA merA dRr3ha nizcaya ho gyaa| isa zodhakArya karane ke anya aneka kAraNa rahe - 1 vibhinna bhASAoM meM vibhinna viSayoM para jaina vidvAnoM dvArA aneka graMtha race gaye; parantu aba taka unakA sahI mUlyAkaMna nahIM ho sakA hai| ata: jaina hindI sAhitya ke pramukha vidvAna bhUdharadAsa para zodhakArya karake unakA ucita mUlyAkaMna karane kA vicAra mana meM aayaa| prAya: jaina sAhitya ko dhArmika evaM sAmpradAyika mAnakara upekSita kiyA jAtA rahA hai aura jaina kavi evaM sAhityakAroM para zodhakArya kama hI huA hai / ata: jaina kavi bhUdharadAsa para zodha karane kA vicAra udita huaa|

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mahAkavi bhUparadAsa : hindI saMta sAhitya kI kaI vizeSatAe~ bhUdharasAhitya meM dRSTigocara hotI hai| ataH hindI saMta sAhitya ke vizeSa sandarbha meM bhUdharadAsa kA samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta kiyA gyaa| mahApaNDita rAhula sAMskRtyAyana, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, DaoN. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla Adi vidvAnoM ke zodhapUrNa lekhoM, niSpakSa vicAroM se yaha pratIta huA ki dhArmika hone mAtra se koI itanA sAhitya kI kozi se pRthaka nahIM kI jA sakatI hai; ata: jaina sAhitya aura sAhityakAroM kA adhyayana karanA cAhie / isI kar3I meM bhUdharadAsa ke vyaktitva evaM kRrtRtva kA adhyayana kiyA gayA / jaina sahityakAroM ne hindI sAhitya kI mahatI sevA kI evaM usake vikAsa meM paryApta yogadAna diyA, parantu hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa ko likhane vAle lekhakoM ne unake nAma evaM yogadAna kI koI vizeSa carcA nahIM kii| isa zrRMkhalA meM bhUdharadAsa ke yogadAna para vicAra kiyA gayA, jisase unakA hindI sAhitya meM sthAna nizcita kiyA jA ske| isake atirikta kucha anya mahatvapUrNa tathya haiM, jinase prabhAvita hokara maiM bhUdharadAsa para zodhakArya karane meM pravRtta huaa| ve haiM 1. madhyakAlIna jaina kaviyoM meM bhUdharadAsa kA sarvocca sthAna hai| 2. "pArzvapurANa" nAmaka mahAkAvya ke racayitA hone ke kAraNa bhUdharadAsa "mahAkavi haiN| bhUdharadAsa tatkAlIna zrRMgAraparaka kavitA ke Alocaka haiM / 4. ve jainazataka evaM vibhinna padoM meM bhakti, vairAgya, dharma evaM adhyAtma ko abhivyakta karane vAle dhArmika va AdhyAtmika kavi haiN| bhUdharadAsa sarvAdhika prasiddha kavi haiN| unake dvArA racita kaI stutiyA~, pArzvapurANa meM likhI gaI bAraha bhAvanAe~ evaM bajranAbhi cakravartI kI vairAgya bhAvanA - jaina samAja meM ati lokapriya haiN| sAtha hI unake dvArA racita "jainazataka" zrI digambara jaina mahilA Azrama, indaura meM sthita samavazaraNa mandira meM tathA pArzvapurANa ke antargata likhe gaye

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana "bAbIsa parISaha" citra sahita zrI digambara jaina siddha kSetra sonAgira ke candraprabha bhagavAna ke gakhya prandira meM saMgaparamara para utkIrNa haiN| ye saba unakI kIrti ke pratyakSa pramANa haiN| uparyukta sabhI kAraNoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue maiMne apane zodha kA viSaya "hindI saMta sAhitya ke vizeSa sandarbha meM mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : - eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana" nizcita karake prastuta zodha prabandha likhA hai / prastuta zodha prabandha nau adhyAyoM meM likhA gayA hai; jinakA saMkSipta sArAMza nimnalikhita prathama adhyAya meM saMta sAhitya kA sarvAMgINa anuzIlana karate hue "saMta* zabda kA artha evaM lakSaNa, saMta sAhitya kI vizeSatAe~, saMta sAhitya kA kAvyAdarza, saMta paramparA, saMta kAvya ke sAhitya-asAhitya kI samIkSA, saMtayugIna paristhitiyA~, saMtoM kA pradeya, saMta sAhitya kI prAsaMgikatA Adi para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM bhUdharadAsa kI samayugIna paristhitiyoM kA rAjanItika, sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika evaM sAhityika dRSTi se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM bhUdharadAsa ke jIvanavRtta aura vyaktitva para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / jIvanavRtta ke antargata nAma, zikSA, parivAra, nivAsa sthAna, evaM kAryakSetra kA vivecana karane ke sAtha-sAtha janma-mRtyu evaM racanAkAla kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai| bhUdharadAsa kI samayAMkita prathama kRti jainazataka visaM. 1781 kI racanA hai| dUsarI kRti pArzvapurANa kA racanAkAla vi. saM. 1789 hai| tIsarI gadyakRti "carcAsamAdhAna" kA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1806 hai / isaprakAra bhUdharadAsa kA racanAkAla 25 varSa siddha hotA hai| vibhinna anta: sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para bhUdharadAsa kA janma samaya prathama racanA jainazataka vi.saM. 1781 se lagabhaga 25-26 varSa pUrva visaM. 1756-57 tathA mRtyukAla antima racanA se lagabhaga 16-17 varSa bAda visaM 1822-23 siddha hotA hai / isa prakAra bhUdharadAsa kA samaya visaM. 1756-57 se vi.saM. 1822-3 taka kula 65 varSa nizcita hotA hai / bhUdharadAsa aThArahavIM zatI ke pramukha jaina kavi haiN|

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Xvi mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bhUdharadAsa kA vyaktitva aneka guNoM se vibhUSita thaa| ve kavi, adhyAtmarasika, pravacanakAra, samAdhAnakartA, nirAbhimAnI, vinamra, miSTabhASI, pakSapAtavirodhI, khojI evaM jijJAsu, vicArazIla, dhairyazIla, bhAgyavAdI, dhArmika naitika evaM sadAcArI, virakta, AtmonmukhI, bhakta evaM guNAnurAgI, hiMsA evaM vaira ke virodhI, sAmAjika burAIyoM va durbalatAoM ke kaTTara virodhI tathA rItikAlIna kaviyoM dvArA kI gaI zrRMgAraparaka racanAoM ke Alocaka ke rUpa meM dRSTigata hote caturtha adhyAya meM sapanAoM kA vargIkaraNa gahA gaira pA ke rUpa meM karate hue ekamAtra gadyakRti "carcAsamAdhAna" kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| padya ke antargata mahAkAvya "pArzvapurANa" tathA muktaka kAvya ke rUpa meM mahAkAvyetara racanAe~ jainazataka evaM padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| inake atirakta phuTakara racanAoM ke rUpa meM vinatiyA~, stotra, AratiyA~, aSTaka kAvya, nizi bhojana bhuMjana kathA, gIta, tIna caubIsI kI jayamAlA, vivAha samaya jaina kI maMgala bhASA, DhAla, hukkA paccIsI yA hukkA niSedha caupAI, badhAI, jakar3I, holI, jinaguNamuktAvalI, bhUpAlacaturvizatibhASA, bAraha bhAvanA, solahakAraNa bhAvanA, vairAgyabhAvanA, bAbIsa parISaha Adi kA nAmollekha pUrvaka paricaya diyA gayA hai| ye samasta racanAe~ muktaka kAvya meM hI samAhita hai| paMcama adhyAya ke rUpa meM bhUdharadAsa kI racanAoM kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai / bhUdharadAsa kI mahAkAvyAtmaka racanA "pArzvapurANa" kA mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para mUlyAMkana karate hue kathAnaka, caritra citraNa, prakRti citraNa, rasa nirUpaNa, uddezya kathana Adi kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI pArzvapurANa kA mahAkAvyatva tathA vaiziSTaya batalAyA gayA hai| mahAkAvyetara racanAoM meM mukhyata: muktaka kAvya ke antargata samAhita jainazataka aura padasaMgraha hI haiM / jainazataka zataka paramparA kI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| usameM jainadharma aura usase sambandhita stuti, nIti, upadeza, vairAgya Adi kA sundara varNana hai / isakI bhAvapakSIya vizeSatAoM kA viSaya ke anusAra vivecana kiyA gayA hai / padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa ke kaI pada jinadeva, jinavANI, jinaguru evaM jinadharma Adi se sambandhita haiM tathA kaI pada AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se yukta haiM / isaprakAra ye samasta pada stutiparaka yA bhaktiparaka, nItiparaka, adhyAtmaparaka

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana evaM upadezaparaka haiN| kucha pada nemi- rAjula ke viyoga zrRMgAra se sambandhita hai; jinameM rAjala kI pIr3A abhivyakta huI hai| ina padoM meM samAhita bhAvoM ko padasaMgraha ke bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| __SaSTha adhyAya meM bhUdharadAsa ke racanAoM kA kalApakSIya anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai| isake antargata bhUdharadAsa dvArA prayukta bhASA, chandavidhAna, alaMkAravidhAna, pratIkayojanA, muhAvare evaM kahAvatoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya meM bhUdharadAsa ke dArzanika, dhArmika evaM naitika vicAroM kA uddharaNoM sahita sapramANa vivecana prastuta kiyA gayA hai| dArzanika vicAroM ke antargata bhUdharadAsa ne jainadarzana ke sabhI pramukha viSaya vizva, jIva, ajIva (pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla) AstravabaMdha ke rUpa meM saMsAra ke kAraNa tattva yA muktimArga ke bAdhaka tattva, saMvaranirjarA ke rUpa meM saMsAra ke nAzaka yA mokSamArga ke sAdhaka tatva, mokSa ke rUpa meM sAdhyatattva, vastusvarUpAtmaka anekAnta evaM usakA pratipAdaka syAdvAda, nizcaya naya va vyavahAranaya, saptabhaMgI, paMcAstikAya, pradeza evaM usakI sAmarthya, heyajJeya-upAdeya tattva, punarjanma evaM karmasiddhAnta Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| dhArmika vicAroM meM jainadharma, dharma ke aMga-AcAra aura vicAra, dharma kA svarUpa-vastusvabhAva, samyagdarzana-samyagjJAna-samyagcAritra, dharma pravRttiparaka, samyagdarzana kA vistRta vivecana, deva-zAstra-guru kA svarUpa, bhedavijJAna evaM AtmAnubhava, samyagjJAna kA svarUpa, samyagcAritra-sakala caritra evaM deza caritra kA varNana kiyA hai| __sakala caritra ke antargata munidharma ke rUpa meM pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, pA~ca indiyajaya, chaha Avazyaka evaM sAta zeSa guNoM kA kathana kiyA hai| sAtha hI anitya Adi bAraha bhAvanAe~, uttamakSamAdi dazadharma, kSudhA-tRSAdi bAbIsa parISaha, anazanAdi bAraha tapa, darzana vizuddhi Adi solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| dezacAritra yA gRhasthadharma ke antargata zrAvaka ke pAkSika, naiSThika aura sAdhaka prakAroM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue pAkSika zrAvaka ke AcaraNa ke rUpa meM madya, mAMsa, madhu, paMca udumbara phala, juA, corI, zikAra, vezyAsevana Adi saptavyasanoM ke doSa batalAte hue unake tyAga kA upadeza diyA hai| naiSThika

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xviii mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : zrAvaka ke AcaraNa ko darzana, vrata Adi gyAraha pratimAoM ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyA hai| sAdhaka zrAvaka uparyukta sabhI vratoM kA pAlana karatA huA samAdhimaraNa karatA hai / isa prakAra dhArmika vicAroM meM munidharma evaM gRhastha dharma kA varNana huA hai| naitika vicAroM meM sajjana - durjana, kAmI, andhapuruSa, durgatigAmI jIva, kukaviyoM kI nindA, kulIna kI sahaja vinamratA, mahApuruSoM kA anusaraNa, pUrvakarmAnusAra phala prApti, dhairyadhAraNa kA upadeza, honahAra dunirvAra, kAla sAmarthya, rAjya aura lakSmI, moha, bhoga evaM tRSNA, deha va saMsAra kA svarUpa, samaya kI bahumUlyatA, manuSya avasthAoM kA varNana evaM Atmahita kI preraNA, rAga aura vairAgya kA antara va vairAgya kAmanA, abhimAna niSedha, dhana ke saMbaMdha meM ajJAnI kA cintana, dhanaprApti bhAgyAnusAra, mana kI pavitratA, hiMsA kA niSedha, saptavyasana kA niSedha, miSTa vacana bolane kI preraNA, manarUpI hAthI kA kathana Adi aneka viSayoM kA varNana kiyA hai| aSTama adhyAya meM hindI saMta sAhitya ke vizeSa sandarbha meM bhUdharasAhitya kI samAnatAoM aura asamAnatAoM kA vistRta vivaraNa dete hue bhUdharadAsa kA mUlyAMkana kiyA gayA hai / navama adhyAya meM sampUrNa viSayavastu kA upasaMhAra kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI bhUdharadAsa ke yogadAna para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai I anta meM pariziSTa ke rUpa meM sandarbhagraMthoM kI sUcI, patra patrikAoM kI sUcI, zodhopayogI sAmagrI prApta karAne meM sahayogI graMthAlayoM kI sUcI evaM prakAzana hetu Arthika sahAyatA dene vAle dAtAroM kI nAmAvalI prastuta karake zodhaprabandha samApta kiyA gayA hai| yaha zodha prabandha paramAdaraNIya zraddheya guruvarya sva. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata evaM DaoN. rAmaprakAza kulazreSTha ke nirdezana meM likhA gayA hai| unhoMne prathama bheTa meM hI mujhe svIkRti pradAnakara kRtArtha kara diyaa| unake maMgala AzIrvAda evaM amUlya mArgadarzana se hI yaha kArya nirvighna pUrNa ho sakA hai| maiM hRdaya se unakA atyanta kRtajJa evaM zraddhAbhibhUta hU~ / DaoN. je.pI. zrIvAstava, kharagona evaM DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina zAstrI, nImaca kA bhI maiM hRdaya se AbhArI hU~; jinhoMne mujhe samaya-samaya para paryApta nirdezana pradAna kiyA / viSayanirdhAraNa meM pro. jamanAlAla jaina, indaura kA kA vizeSa AbhArI

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana ix hU~ ; jinhoMne mujhe isa viSaya para zodha karane hetu prerita kiyaa| DaoN. prakAzacanda jaina, indaura kA ati kRtajJa hU~; jinakA mArgadarzana merA pathapradarzaka banA / zodha sAmagrI upalabdha karAne meM vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM, jaina mandiroM evaM pustakAlayoM ke adhikAriyoM ne jo sahayoga diyA; usake lie una sabhI kA maiM hArdika AbhArI huuN| apanI sahadharmiNI zrImatI nizi jaina kI prazaMsA kiye binA bhI nahIM raha sakatA; jisakI satata preraNA evaM sahayoga merA saMbala rhaa| parama zraddheya guruvarya DaoN. hukumacandajI bhArilla ne apanI amUlya prastAvanA likhakara mujhe upakRta kiyA tathA paramAdaraNIya ba. yazapAlajI ne prastuta zodha prabandha AdyopAnta par3hakara amUlya sujhAva diye, saMzodhana kiyA / etadartha maiM donoM mahAnubhAvoM kA ciraRNI rahU~gA / ise likhane kI mUla zakti mujhe pUjya gurudeva zrI kAnajIsvAmI evaM paNDiMta ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa jayapura se prApta huI hai| mere Upara kiye gaye inake asIma upakAra ko bhulAnA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| isa kArya meM pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa meM jina-jina mahAnubhAvoM kA sahayoga prApta huA hai, una sabake prati bhI kRtajJatA jJAvita karatA huuN| sAtha hI prakAzana hetu paM. sadAsukha graMthamAlA, ajamera ke saMsthApaka adhyakSa zrI pUnamacanda luhAr3iyA, kampyUTara kampojiMga hetu zrI akhila baMsala evaM mudraNa hetu zrI sohanalAla jaina ko apanA bahumUlya sahayoga dene ke lie dhanyavAda detA huuN| isa zodhagrantha ko upalabdha karAne kA vAstavika zreya una mahAnubhAvoM, TrasToM evaM maNDaloM ko jAtA hai; jinhoMne hameM Arthika sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| unake prati maiM hRdaya se apanI kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hU~ tathA dhanyavAda detA huuN| sabhI dAtAroM kI sUcI anta meM dI gaI hai| pracArArtha graMtha kI kImata lAgata mUlya se bhI kama rakhI gaI hai| AzA hai prastuta zodha prabandha mahAkavi paM. bhUdharadAsa ke vyaktittva evaM kartRttva ko ujAgara karate hue upayogI siddha hogaa| bhavadIya DaoN. narendrakumAra jaina snAtakottara zikSaka (hindI), kendrIya vidyAlaya

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mahAkavi pUzvaradAsa : eka abhimata DaoN. rAmadIna mizra ema.e., DI.liTa bhUtapUrva adhyakSa evaM prophesara hindI vibhAga, paTanA vizvavidyAlaya, paTanA maiMne isa zodha prabandha ko Adyanta par3hA hai aura pAyA hai ki yaha eka maulika evaM upayogI zodhakArya hai / santakAvya bhaktikAlIna hindI sAhitya kI eka zAkhA mAtra hI nahIM hai varan yaha AdhyAtmika cintana aura sAhitya kI eka pravRtti hai; jo siddhoM-nAthoM se lekara adyAvadhi pravahamAna rahI hai / mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa isI paramparA kI eka kar3I hai| yaha bAta aura hai ki ve jainadharma ke anuyAyI the aura unakI racanAe~ jaina siddhAntoM, vizvAsoM aura AcaraNa kI poSaka hai kintu isase unakA sAhityika mahattva kama nahIM ho jaataa|| zodhakartA ne mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa ke sAhityika avadAna kA hindI santa sAhitya sandarbha meM eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karane kA mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyA hai / bhUdharadAsa kA samaya vikrama kI aThArahavIM zatI ke uttarArddha se vikrama kI unnIsavIM zatI ke prathama do dazakoM taka anumAnita hai / hindI sAhitya ke itihAsa meM yaha samaya rItikAla kA hai, jisake antargata mahAkAvya kI koI ullekhanIya racanA nahIM miltii| bhUdharadAsa ne apanI racanA 'pAvapurANa' ke dvArA isa kAla kI isa kamI ko pUrA kiyA hai| isIprakAra apanI racanA 'carcA samAdhAna' ke dvArA bhUdharadAsa ne hindI gadya ke kSetra meM yogadAna diyA hai| vArtA sAhitya ke bAda yaha racanA brajabhASA gadya ke atyanta praur3ha rUpa kA udAharaNa prastuta karatI hai| ina donoM kAraNoM se bhUdharadAsa kA hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM anyatama yogadAna hai jo abhI taka sambaddha vidvAnoM kI A~khoM se ojhala thaa| lekhaka ne bhUdhara sAhitya ke isa pakSa kA udghATana kara nizcaya hI eka stutya kArya kiyA hai| tulanAtmaka adhyayana prastuta karate hue lekhaka ne santakAvya evaM bhUdharadAsa kI racanAoM ke sAmya aura vaiSamya para prakAza DAlA hai| cUMki bhUdharadAsa bhI santa paramparA ke hI kavi the; ata: donoM meM aneka samatAoM kA honA svAbhAvika hai| puna: cUMki donoM ke AdhyAtmika vizvAsa alaga-alaga srotoM se vikasita hue; ata: viSamatA kA honA utanA hI anivArya hai| zodhakartA ne sabhI sambaddha tathyoM kA vidhivat vizleSaNa-vivecana kara upayukta evaM vizvasanIya niSkarSa nikAle hai| vivecana meM yathocita zodha-pravidhi kA avalambana liyA gayA hai| yaha zodha prabandha prakAzana ke sarvathA upayukta hai| . sabhI dRSTiyoM se mere vicAra meM yaha eka maulika kArya hai aura hindI zodha ke kSetra meM eka nizcita avadAna hai|

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana Ki anukramaNikA prakAzakIya zrI hIrAcanda boharA 2. prastAvanA DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla 3. Atmavaktavya 4. eka abhimata DaoN. rAmadIna mizra prathama adhyAya santa sAhitya : eka anuzIlana (ka) santa kA artha evaM lakSaNa (kha) santa sAhitya kI vizeSatAe~ yA mukhya pravRtiyA~ (ga) santa sAhitya kA kAvyAdarza : bhAvapakSa evaM kalApakSa (gha) santa paramparA (Ga) santa mata para anya prabhAva yA santa mata ke AdhAra (ca) santa kAvya : sAhitya asAhitya kA nirNaya (cha) santayugIna paristhitiyA~ tathA santoM kA pradeya (ja) santa sAhitya kI prAsaMgikatA dvitIya adhyAya bhUdharayugIna pRSThabhUmi (ka) rAjanItika paristhitiyA~ (kha) sAmAjika evaM Arthika paristhitiyoM (ga) dhArmika paristhitiyA~ / (gha) sAhityika paristhitiyA~ tRtIya adhyAya jIvana vRta evaM vyaktitva (ka) jIvanavRta nAma 112 zikSA 112, parivAra 115, nivAsa sthAna evaM kArya kSetra 115, janma mRtyu evaM racanA kAla 115 (kha) vyaktitva mahAkavi 120, adhyAtmarasika 120, pravacanakAra 120, samAdhAnakartA 121, nirabhimAnI 121, vinamra 122, miSTabhASI 122, pakSapAta virodhI 123, khojI evaM 93-109 93 101 105 111-133 111-119 120

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mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : jijJAsu 123, vicArazIla 123, dhairyazIla 124, bhAgyavAdI 124 , dhArmika 125, naitika evaM sadAcArI 126, virakta 127, AtmonmukhI 127, bhakta evaM guNAnurAgI 128, hiMsA evaM vaira ke virodhI 129 caturtha adhyAya racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa evaM paricayAtmaka anuzIlana 135-176 (ok.) racanAoM va kAga 135-137 (kha) racanAoM kA paricayAtmaka anuzIlana 138-176 gadya sAhitya : carcA samAdhAna 138, padya sAhitya : pArzvapurANa (mahAkAvya) 156, jainazataka (muktaka kAvya) 159, padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa (muktaka kAvya) 161, vibhinna phuTakara racanAe~ (muktaka kAvya) - vinatiyA~ 160, stotra 167, AratiyA~ 168, aSTaka kAvya 168, nizibhojana bhuMjana kathA 166, gIta 170, tIna caubIsI kI jayamAlA 170, vivAha samai jaina kI maMgala bhASA 170, dAla 171, hukkA paccIsI yA hukkA niSedha caupAI 172, badhAI 172, jakar3I 172, holI 173, jinaguNamuktAvalI 173, bhUpAla caturvizati bhASA 174, bAraha bhAvanA 174, solahakAraNa bhAvanA 175, vairAgya bhAvanA 175, bAIsa parISaha 175 paMcama adhyAya bhUdharadAsa kI racanAoM kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana 177-281 (a) mahAkAvyAtmaka racanA pArzvapurANa kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana 177-242 (ka) mahAkAvya kA svarUpa : vibhinna vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM 178, pArzvapurANa kA mahAkAvyatva : mUlyAMkana ke viziSTa bindu 183, kathAnaka eka dRSTi -sargAnusAra kathAsAra 184, kathAnaka kI sargabaddhatA evaM chandabaddhatA 188, kathA pravAha yA saMbaMdha nirvAha 189,anviti evaM prabhAva (mArmika sthala )190, mahAnatA evaM purANasammatatA 194, paramparAgatatA evaM navIna udbhAvanAe~ 197, prabandha kAvya kI dRSTi se kathAnaka para vicAra evaM prabandha kI vizeSatAe~ 199 (kha) pArzvapurANa meM caritra citraNa 202 pradhAna pAtroM kA caritra citraNa

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(ga) eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana xxii nAyaka pArzvanAtha 2013, pratinAyaka saMvara (kamaTha kA jIva )211, gauNa pAtroM kA caritra citraNa- rAjA aravinda 217, maMtrI vizvabhUti evaM unakI patnI 217, rAjA vidyutagati evaM rAnI vidyutamAlA 217,rAjA brajavIrya evaM rAnI vijayA 218, rAjA azvasena evaM rAnI vAmAdevI 218. rAjA zreNika 219 pArzvapurANa meM prakRti citraNa - 219 (gha) pArzvapurANa meM rasa nirUpaNa - (aMgIrasa) zAMta rasa 228, anya rasa- zrRMgAra rasa 231, hAsya rasa 232, karuNa rasa 233, vIrarasa 233, raudrarasa 234, bhayAnaka rasa 234, vIbhatsa rasa 235, adbhuta rasa 235, vAtsalya rasa 236, bhakti rasa 236 pArzvapurANa kI racanA kA uddezya 238 mahAkAvyetara racanAoM kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana' 244-279 muktaka kA artha (paribhASAe~ evaM vizeSatAe~) 244, muktaka evaM prabandha meM bheda 246, jainazataka kA bhAvapakSIya vizleSaNa 247, padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana 264, saMkhya bhAva 269, dAsyabhAva 270, prema bhAva 273, zAMta bhAva 275, AtmA kA kathana 276, pApoM ko chor3ane kA upadeza evaM mAnava jIvana kI durlabhatA 276, mana kI pavitratA 277, abhimAna kA niSedha 277, guru kA svarUpa evaM mahattva 278, mAyA kA varNana 279, zarIra ke rUpaka 279, zraddhAnI jIva evaM samakita sAvana kA mahatva 280, hiMsA kA niSedha 281 ghaSTha adhyAya bhUdharadAsa kA kalApakSIya anuzIlana 283-330 bhASA 283, pArzvapurANa kI bhASA 286, jaina zataka kI bhASA 287, bhUdhara vilAsa yA pada saMgraha kI bhASA 289, prakIrNa pada yA phUTakara racanAoM kI bhASA 290 (kha) chanda vidhAna 209 (ga) alaMkAra vidhAna 311 pratIka vidhAna (Da) muhAvare aura kahAvateM (ca) bhUdharadAsa kI gadya zailI (gha) 316 320 328

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kain saptama adhyAya bhUdharadAsa dvArA pratipAdita dArzanika, dhArmika evaM naitika vicAra (ka) dArzanika vicAra (ga) mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : upAdeya, heya evaM jJeya tattva 332, vizva 332, anekAnta evaM syAdvAda 333, jIva viSai sAtoM bhaMga nirUpaNa 338. 331-421 331 jIva nirUpaNa 339, ajIva tattva kathana 344, pudgala dravya kathana 345, dharmadravya 345, adharma- AkAza- kAladravya kathana 346, paMcAstikAya - vivaraNa 347, pradeza tathA usakI zakti kA kathana 348, Azrava-bandha tattva kathana 348, saMvara- nirjarAtattva kathana 349, mokSa tatva kathana 350, nizcayanaya aura vyavahAra naya 350, punarjanma evaM karma siddhAnta 351 (kha) dhArmika vicAra - 352 jaina dharma 353, dharma ke aMga vicAra aura AcAra 354, dharma kyA hai ? vastu kA svabhAva dharma 356, samyagdarzana jJAna caritra rUpa dharma 357, dharma pravRttiparaka 359, samyagdarzana 360, deva zAstra guru 364, bhedavijJAna evaM AtmAnubhava 367, samyagjJAna 369, samyagcAritra 370, sakala cAritra yA muni dharma 371, pA~ca mahAvrata 372, pA~ca samiti 372, tIna gupti aura pA~ca indriya jaya 372, chaha Avazyaka aura sAta zeSa guNa 373, bAraha bhAvanAe~ 373, dasa dharma 378, bAbIsa parISaha 380, bArahatapa 385, solaha kAraNa bhAvanAe~ 387, deza cAritra yA gRhastha dharma 390, darzana pratimA pA~ca udumbara, phala, madya, mAMsa, madhu, saptavyasana Adi ke doSa evaM unakA niSedha nirUpaNa 392-397 vrata pratimA- pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavrata, cAra zikSAvrata 399-400, sAmAyika pratimA 4001, proSadha pratimA, sacitta tyAga pratimA, divA- maithuna tyAga, brahmacarya, Arambha tyAga parigraha tyAga anumati tyAga udiSTa tyAga pratimA 401-402, sallekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa 403 naitika vicAra 404

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : sajjana durjana varNana 414, kAmI 406, andha puruSa 406, durgatigAmI jIva 406, kukaviyoM kI nindA 407, kulIna kI sahaja vinramatA 407, mahApuruSoM kA anusaraNa 407, pUrva karmAnusAra phala prApti 408, pUrva pApodaya meM dhairya dhAraNa kA upadeza 406, honahAra durnivAra 408, kAla sAmarthya 409, rAjya aura lakSmI 410, moha 410, bhoga evaM tRSNA 410, deha 411, saMsAra kA svarUpa evaM samaya kI bahumulyatA 412, avasthAoM kA varNana evaM Atmahita kI preraNA 413, rAga aura vairAgya kA antatva vairAgya kAmanA 415, abhimAna niSedha 417, dhana ke saMbaMdha meM cintana, dhanaprApti bhAgyAnusAra 417, mana kI pavitratA 418, hiMsA kA niSedha 418, sapta vyasana niSedha 419, miSTa vacana kI preraNA 420, mana rUpI hAthI kA varNana 420 aSTama adhyAya hindI saMta sAhitya meM bhUdhara sAhitya kA mUlyAkaMna 423-435 santa zabda kA artha 423, santa paramparA 425, santa mata para anya prabhAva yA santa mata ke AdhAra 425, sAhitya-asAhitya kA nirNaya 426, santa kAvyAdarza 426, santa sAhitya kI vizeSatAe~-samAnatAe~ 428, asamAnatAe~ 432 navama adhyAya upasaMhAra : bhUdharadAsa kA yogadAna 437-444 (ka) upasaMhAra 437 (kha) bhUdharadAsa kA yogadAna 440 pariziSTa 445-455 (ka) sandarbha graMtha sUcI 445 (kha) patra-patrikAoM kI sUcI 452 (ga) zodhopayogI-sAmagrI prApti meM sahayogI graMthAlayoM kI sUcI 454 (gha) dAtAroM kI sUcI 455-456 * * *

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : eka paricaya) janmakAla - vikrama saMvat 1756-57 mRtyukAla - vikrama saMvat 1822-23 zikSA - paM. banArasIdAsa dvArA pravRrtita AdhyAtmika saMgoSThI 'sailI' meM sampanna / nivAsa sthAna va kAryakSetra - AgarA pramukha racanAe~ - carcA samAdhAna (gadya sAhitya), pArzvapurANa (mahAkAvya), jainazataka (muktaka kAvya), padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa evaM vibhinna phuTakara racanAe~ (muktaka kAvya) "Agare meM bAlabuddhi bhUdharakhaNDelavAla, bAlaka ke khyAlasoM kavitta kara jAne hai / aise hI karata bhayau jaisiMhasavAI sUbA, hAkima gulAbacanda Aye tihi thAne hai / / harisiMha sAhake su vaMza dharmAnurAgI nara, tinake kahai sau jori konI eka ThAnehai / phiri-phiri prere mere Alasa ko anta bhayo, inakI sahAya yaha mero manamAne hai / artha - maiM, bhUdharadAsa khaNDelavAla AgarA meM bAlakoM ke khela jaisI kavitA (racanA) karatA huuN| ye ukta chanda maiMne savAI jayasiMha sUbA ke hAkima zrI gulAbacandra jI aura zrI harisiMhazAha ke vaMzaja dharmAnurAgI puruSoM ke kahane se ekatrita kiye haiN| unhIM logoM kI puna: puna: preraNA se mere Alasya kA anta huA hai| maiM unakA hRdaya se AbhAra mAnatA huuN| - jainazataka pacha 106

Page #26
prathama adhyAya santa sAhitya : eka anuzIlana (ka) santa kA artha evaM lakSaNa (kha) santa sAhitya kI vizeSatAe~ (ga) santa sAhitya kA kAvyAdarza: bhAvapakSa yA kalApakSa (gha) santa paramparA (3) santa mata para anya prabhAva (ca) santa kAvya : sAhitya asAhitya kA nirNaya (cha) santayugIna paristhitiyAM evaM santoM kA pradeya (ja) santa sAhitya kI prAsaMgikatA

Page #27
eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana (ka) santa zabda kA artha yA lakSaNa "santa" zabda hindI AlocanA kA eka pAribhASika rUr3ha zabda hai / hindI AlocanA meM yaha zabda nirguNa brahma kI upAsanA karane vAle, nIcI jAtiyoM meM usma hone vAle mAti-pA~ti, bhAlUna enaM bAhADambaroM kA vidroha karane vAle kabIra, raidAsa, dAda, nAnaka, dariyA Adi ke liye prayukta hotA hai| prArambha meM kavIra Adi ko saMta kahane meM loga hicakate the, isIliye AcArya rAmacandra zukla' aura DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla ne saMta ke sAtha nirgaNa vizeSaNa kA prayoga nirantara kiyA hai; parantu vartamAna meM yaha zabda kabIra Adi nirgaNopAsakoM ke liye rUr3ha evaM pracalita ho gyaa| isa prakAra yaha zabda ekAeka apanI samasta pUrvavartI udAtta paramparA se vicchinna hokara nitAnta saMkucita, rUr3ha evaM sAmpradAyika artha sImA meM ba~dha gayA hai / jabaki udAtta artha meM yahI zabda Rgveda se lekara IsA kI bIsavIM zatI taka nirvivAda rUpa se sadasadvivekazIla, vairAgI, nirlipta, mAyAtIta yA moha rAga dveSa rahita mahApuruSa ke artha meM prayukta hotA AyA hai| saMkucita artha ko rUr3ha yA pracalita artha tathA udAtta artha ko sahI artha bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| " santa " zabda ke sahI artha ke saMdarbha meM Rgveda se lekara Adhunika bhAratIya ArSa bhASAoM ke sAhitya taka koI vivAda nahIM rahA aura na hI koza graMthoM meM " santa " zabda ke artha ko lekara kahIM koI vivAda milatA hai| sarvaprathama " hindI sAhitya koza bhAga - 1" meM isa arthAntara ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai| parantu vartamAna meM hindI AlocanA meM " santa "zabda ke rUr3ha, pracalita yA saMkucita artha tathA sahI yA udAtta donoM arthoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / ina donoM arthoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara santa ke lakSaNa evaM vizeSatAe~ vivecya haiN| santa zabda : sahI yA udAtta artha - bhAratIya sAhitya meM atyanta prAcIna kAla se yaha zabda prayukta hotA AyA hai| Rgveda, taittirIya upaniSada 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa rAmacandra zukla 2. nirguNa sampradAya DA. pItAMbaradata bar3athvAla 3. suvarNa viprAH kavayo vacobhirekaM sanvaM bahughA kAlayanti / Rgveda 10.114.5 "krAntadarzI vipraloga usa eka va advitIya sat kA hI varNana aneka prakAra se kiyA karate haiN|" 4. asadeva sa bhavati asabahoti cet veda / asti brahmeti cet veda saMtamenaM vidurghghaaH|| (tato viduriti) tetarIya upaniSada 2,6, 1 (yadi puruSa "brahma asat hai" jAnatA hai to vaha svayaM bhI asat ho jAtA hai aura yadi aisa jAnatA hai ki "brahma hai" to brahmavettA loga use bhI sat samajhA karate haiM)

Page #28
mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : evaM ghAndogya upaniSad' meM isakA prayoga " eka " evaM "advitIya paramatattva " ke liye ekavacana meM kiyA gayA milatA hai / gItA meM " om tatsaditi nirdezo brahmaNastrividhaH" kahakara sat ko hI brahma yA paramAtmA tathA satya kA vAcaka bhI kahA gayA hai| jabaki mUla rUpa meM " sat "zuddha astitva mAtra kA vAcaka hai| "mahAbhArata " meM isakA prayoga sadAcArI ke artha meM haA hai tathA santa ko AcAra lakSaNa vAlA kahA gayA hai| " bhAgavata " meM yaha pavitrAtmA ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| bhAgavatakAra ke anusAra santa saMsAra ko pavitra karane vAle tIrthoM ko bhI pavitra karane vAle hote haiN| bhagavatagItA " meM santa kA prayoga sadbhAva aura sAdhubhAva ke artha meM huA hai| bhartRhari " ne santa zabda kA prayoga paropakAra parAyaNa vyaktiyoM ke liye kiyA hai| unake anusAra santa svecchA se dUsaroM kA hita karane meM lage rahate haiN| kAlidAsa ne isakA prayoga buddhimAna evaM sadasadvivekazIla vyakti ke liye kiyA hai| " dhammapada " meM isakA prayoga zAnti ke artha meM huA hai|' __ isa prakAra sampUrNa prAcIna saMskRta sAhitya meM " santa " zabda kA prayoga pahale paramatatva yA advitIya sat rUpI brahmA ke liye tathA bAda meM aneka Adarza evaM anukaraNIya satguNoM se yukta vyaktiyoM ke liye huA hai| madhyayugIna sAhitya meM bhI santa zabda kA yahI artha dRSTigocara hotA hai| sampUrNa nirguNa aura saguNa bhakti sAhitya meM santa zabda kA prayoga bahulatA se dikhAI detA hai tathA usakA artha bhI atizaya udAratA se varNita kiyA gayA hai| nirguNa bhakti sAhitya ke pratinidhi kavi kabIra ke mata se santa ve haiM jinakA koI duzmana nahIM hai, jo niSkAmavRtti vAle haiM, sAIM se prIti karate haiM, aura viSayoM se nirlipta hokara rahate haiN| 1. " asadeva saumyedamama asIdekamevA dvitIyaM - dyAndogya upaniSada ditIya khaNDa 1 2. AcAralakSaNo dharmaH santazcAcAra lakSaNa : mahAbhArata 3, prAyeNa tIrthAbhigamAvadeza : svayaM hI tIrthAni punaMti santa : bhAgavata 1, 19, 8 4. samAve sAdhubhAve ca sadityetatprayujyate : zrImad bhAgavatagItA 17, 25 5, santa : svayaM parahive vihitAbhiyoga : bhartRhari 6. purANamityeva na sAdhu sarva na cAdhi kAvyaM navamityavadham / santa : parIkSyAnyatarad bhajante mUDhaH parapratyayanena yuddhiH|| mAlavikAgnimitram kAlidAsa aMka 1 7. adhigacche pade santaM saMkha rUpa samaM sukhaM - bhikkhu bagga gAthA 9

Page #29
eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana nirakSarI nihakAmatA sAI setI neh| vidhiyA sUM nyArA rahe,saMtAna ko aMga eha // ' sArI duniyA~ dukhI hai, sukhI akelA saMta hai jisane mana ko jIta liyA hai tana pari sukhiyA koi na dekhA, jo dekhA so dukhiyA ho| kahai kabIra sakala jaga dukhiyA,saMta sukhI mana jItI ho|' zarIra kele kA vana hai, mana madamatta gaja hai, jJAna aMkuza hai aura saMta mahAvata hai - kAyA kajarI vana ahai,mana kuMjara maimaMta aMkusa jJAna ratana hai,khevaTa biralA saMta // ' rAma bhakti meM sthira eka santa hI hai jisa para lobha kI lahara kA asara nahIM hotA hai - jiyarA jAhuge hama jaanii| AvaigI koI laharI lobha kI, bUr3hegA binu praannii| kahai kabIra terA santa na jAigA, rAma bhagati ThaharAnI // ' mAyA saMtoM kI dAsI hai| jagadIza kA smaraNa karate hue santa mAyA kA anAsakta bhoga karate haiM aura jaba cAhate haiM use lAta mArakara chor3a dete haiM - mAyA dAsI saMta kI, UbhI dei asiis| bilasI asa lAto char3I,sumari sumari jagadIza // ' jisake (brahma ke lie yoga, yajJa aura tapa karanA par3atA hai ve rAma sadA santoM ke pAsa rahate haiN| jo prasAda devoM ko durlabha haiM ve santa ke pAsa sadA sulabha haiN| bhakta vatsala hari ina santoM meM hI virAjate haiN| 1. kabIra graMthAvalI - DaoN. pArasanAtha tivArI pRSTha 156, 24 2. vahI pRSTha 52, 53, pada 90 3. vahI pRSTha 228 sAkhI 2 4, vahI pRSTha 54 pada 92 5. vahI pRSTha 235 sAkhI 5

Page #30
bhayo lAbha caranA amRta ko mahAprasAda kI AsA / jAko joga jaggi tapa kIjaiM, so santana ko pAsA // jA prasAda devana ko duralabha, saMta sadA hI pAhIM / kahai kabIra hari bhagata bachala hai, so saMtana ke mAhIM // 1 spaSTa hai ki kabIra ne santa zabda kA prayoga una mAyAtIta mahApuruSoM ke artha meM kiyA hai jo nirvaira, niSkAma aura nirviSaya hote haiM, kanaka kAminI ke prati anAsakta haiM, lobha-moha, mada-matsara, AzA tRSNA Adi kA jina para koI asara nahIM hotA hai, jo indriyoM aura mana ko vaza meM rakhate haiM aura sAI ke prati ekaniSTha prIti vAle hote haiN| kabIra 2 aura sundaradAsa ne santa ko rAma ke samAna hI mAnA hai arthAt rAma aura santa ko eka hI mAnA hai| sAtha ve yaha bhI kahate haiM ki - 3 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 4 "santana mAhe hari base, santa base hari mAhI" palaTUsAhaba likhate haiM ki santa ke lie bhakti aura prema hI saba kucha hai| use na cAra padArtha cAhie, na mukti / Rddhi-siddhi, svarga-naraka, tIrtha-vrata, puNya pratApa Adi kisI kI bhI use icchA nahIM rhtii| vaha jJAna ke khaDga se sAMsArika vipattiyoM kA nAza karake duHkhI vyakti ko sukhI karatA hai| vahI jIvoM kA uddhAra karatA hai| rAma aura santa meM koI bheda nahIM hai| 'tulasI sAhaba, sahajobAI,' dayAbAI, 8 dariyA sAhaba ' ( mAravADa vAle), 6 9 10 dAdUdayAla Adi sabhI kahate haiM ki santa vivekI, dayAvAna, kSamAzIla, tyAgI, vizvabandhutva meM vizvAsa karane vAlA aura samasta vikAroM se pare hotA hai| vaha jahA~ bhI rahatA 1. kabIra paMthAvalI - DaoN. tivArI tivArI pRSTha 20 pada 33 2. kabIra graMthAvalI saMta rAma hai eko pRSTha 33 - 3. sundarasAra unheM brahma guru santa uha, vastu virAjita eka | pRSTha 2 T 4. vahI pRSTha 264, 48 5. santa kAvya, kuNDaliyA 13 pRSTha 526, rekhatA 2, pRSTha 532 6. yanta bAnI saMgraha bhAga 1 pRSTha 229 7. vahI bhAga 1 pRSTha 158 9. vahI bhAga 1 pRSTha 128 8. vahI bhAga 1 pRSTha 177 10. vahI bhAga 1 pRSTha 86

Page #31
eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana hai, cAroM ora jJAna kA prakAza phailAtA rahatA hai / vaha AdhyAtmikatA kA aisA rUpa hotA hai, jo vyavahAra meM siddha ho gayA hai| santoM kI uparyukta vizeSatAe~ Upara Upara se Aropita na hokara sahaja hai, antarmana se nissRta hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki koTi asantoM se ghire rahane para bhI ve apanI santa vRtti kA tyAga nahIM karate - vaise hI jaise sarpa candana se lipaTe rahate haiM kintu candana apanI svAbhAvika zItalatA kA tyAga nahIM karatA santa na choDai saMtaI,jo koTika milahi asanta / gAya mulAH rokhiyo, sa na tajaMta / / madhya yuga ke saguNa bhakti sAhitya meM bhI santa zabda kI aisI hI arthasthiti hai / saguNa bhakti sAhitya ke pratinidhi kavi gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne santa kI vizada carcA aneka prasaMgoM meM "rAmacaritamAnasa" meM kI hai| ve santa zabda ko asajjana aura khala kA viparItArthaka mAnate haiN| unake mata se santa komala citta aura kArUNika hote haiM - "nArada dekha vikala ayantA / lAgi dayA komala citta santA // " unakA na koI hita hotA hai na anahita / ve acche phUla kI taraha sugaMdha dene vAle hote haiM - baMdaLa saMta samAna cita,hita anahita nahiM koii| aMbaliMgata subha sumana jimi,sama sugaMdhakara doI // ' santa zramara kI taraha guNagrAhI, nirmala jala kI taraha svaccha, aura moha madahIna hRdaya vAle hote haiN| ve sadasadavivekI haMsa kI taraha guNoM ko dUdha ke samAna grahaNa kara lete haiM aura durguNoM ko vAri-vikAra kI taraha tyAga dete haiM - 1. aMdaka vidhipada renu bhavasAgara jehiM kInha vahaM / saMta sudhA sasi dhenu pragaTe khala viSa bArUnI // mAnasa pAlakhaNDa dohaa| 4 2. mAnasa araNyakANDa dohA 2 caupAI 5 3. mAnasa bAlakANDa dosa3ka 4. maghakara sarasa santa guna grAhI-mAnasa araNyakANDa dohA 10 5. santa hRdaya nirmala jasa mArI- vahI araNyakANDa dohA 39 caupAI 4 6. saritA sara nirmala jala sohaa| santa idaya jasa gata mada mohA / vahI kiSkiMdhAkANDa dohA 16 caupAI 2

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : jar3a cetana gunadoSamaya, bisva kInha karatAra / saMta haMsa guna gahahiM kya, parihari vAri vikAra // 1 jo dUsaroM ke hita ke lie apane zarIra kA tyAga kara dete haiM, santa unakI prazaMsA karate haiM - 2 parahita lAgi tajeM jo dehii| saMtana saMta prasaMsaha tehI / santoM ko dUsaroM ke droha kI bAta yAda hI nahIM rahatI 3 bisare gRha sapanehu~ sudhi naahiN| jimi para droha santa mana nAhIM || santoM kI yahI bar3hAI haiM ki burA karane vAle kA bhI bhalA karate haiN| umA saMta kar3a iha bdd'aaii| maMda karata jo karata bhalAI / ' - 4 koTi vighna par3ane para bhI unakA mana nIti kA tyAga nahI karatA hai - bhUmi na choData kavi carana, dekhata ripu mada bhAga / koTi vighna te saMta kara, mana jimi nIti na tyAga || S santa kA hara kAma, vRkSa, nadI, pahAr3a, pRthvI kI taraha dUsaroM ke hita ke lie hotA hai - 6 santa biTapa saritA giri gharanI / ghara hita hetu sabanha kai karanI / tulasIdAsa ke araNyakANDa meM nArada ko saMtoM ke lakSaNa zrI rAma ke dvArA vistAra se batalAye hai| 7 isI prakAra uttarakANDa meM bhI " santa hRdaya navanIta samAnA," "paruSa vacana kabahu~ nahiM bolahiM", "komala citta dInanha para dAyA", "vigata kAma mana nAma parAyana", Adi kahakara santoM ke aneka guNoM para prakAza DAlA hai / isa prakAra spaSTa hai ki sampUrNa madhyayugIna nirguNa bhakti sAhitya evaM saguNa bhakti sAhitya meM santa zabda apanI pUrvavartI udAtta artha paramparA kA nirvAha karatA huA hI dRSTigocara hotA hai / hindI AlocanA ko chor3akara zeSa samasta Adhunika hindI sAhitya meM bhI Aja yaha zabda apane paramparA prApta udAtta artha meM hI prayukta hotA hai / 1. mAnasa bAlakANDa dohA 6 3. vahI uttarakANDa dohA 16 cau. 5. vahI laMkAkANDa dohA 34 kha 7. vahI araNyakANDa dohA 45, 46 2. mAnasa bAlakANDa dohA 64 caupAI 2 4. vahI sundarakANDa dohA 41 cau. 4 6. vahI uttarakANDa dohA 125 cau. 3

Page #33
eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana Adhunika kAla meM santa zabda ke udAtta artha ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue aneka vidvAnoM ne apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiM unameM katipaya nimnalikhita haiM - ___1. AcArya parazurAma caturvedI ke anusAra - "santa zabda ko (isake as hone vAle mUla ke kAraNa) hama usa vyakti vizeSa kA bodhaka kaheMge jisane sat rUpI paramatatva kA anubhava kara liyA hai aura jo isa prakAra apane sAdhAraNa vyaktitva se uThakara usake sAtha tadrUpa ho gayA hai athavA usakI upalabdhi ke phalasvarUpa akhaNDa satya meM pUrNataH pratiSThita ho gayA hai|' 2. zrI viyogI hari ne likhA hai ki - "satya AcaraNa jinhoMne apane jIvana meM pUrA kiyA, satya kA cintana kiyA, satya ko vANI para utArA, mana, vacana, karma se usakA AcaraNa kiyA aura AcaraNa karane ke bAda jo rasAsvAdana milA use sAre saMsAra meM bikhera dene ke lie jinake mana meM vyAkalatA hotI hai, jinheM lagatA hai ki unheM jo madhura rasa milA, vaha dUsaroM ko bhI dete cale jAyeM ve hI santa haiN| 3. zrI vAsudevazaraNa agravAla ke anusAra- "santa vaha hai jo pRthvI para nivAsa karate hue divya loka kA sandeza bhUtala para lAtA hai, jo pakSI ke samAna AkAza meM ur3akara bhI vRkSa para Akara vizrAma karatA hai, jo vyaSTi ke kendra meM U~cA uThakara samaSTi-jIvana ke prati AsthAvAna hotA hai, jo svArtha ko tyAga kara sAmUhika hita kI bAteM socatA hai|" 4. DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata ke anusAra - "sAmAnyata: jo satpatha para cale hoM ve santa, jo AtmA kA zAzvata amara sandeza sunAte hoM ve santa, jinakA sat arthAt astitva hamezA banA rahe, jo samAja kI anivArya nidhi ho ve santa 5. DaoN. pItAmbaradatta vaDadhvAla - "santa adhyAtma vidyA kA vyavahAra siddha svarUe hai| adhyAtmavAdI tattvaciMtaka jina mahAna siddhAntoM kA anveSaNa aura nirUpaNa karate cale Aye haiM, unakI use svayaM apane meM anubhUti haI hotI hai| unakA use zAstrIya vAcanika jJAna na ho, darzana avazya hotA hai / vaha adhyAtma kA vyAkhyAtA cAhe na ho, adhyAtmacetA hotA hai / vaha dRSTA hai / "dRSTA" saMta 1. santa sAhitya kI bhUmikA- AcArya parazuruma caturvedI pRSTha 62 2 bhamikrAnta (sAptAhika patra indaura) dinAMka 25 disambara 1961 pRSTha 1 meM prakAzita zrI viyogI hari kA lekha "santoM kI paramparA" 3.sAhitya sandeza (santa sAhitya vizeSAMka) DA. vAsudevazaraNa agravAla kA lekha "santa" pRSTha 4. sAhitya ke trikoNa- DaoN. narendra bhAnAvata pRSTha 133

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mahAkavi bhUparadAsa : ekamAtra - "saMtatva" ko apane meM aura apane ko ekamAtra "saMtatva meM dekhatA hai isalie vaha saMta hai| . 6. dharmendra brahmacArI kA vicAra hai ki saccA saMta isa saMsAra meM rahakara bhI isake vikAroM se pare hai| vaha jala meM kamala ke patte tathA jalapakSI ke samAna hai jo jala meM rahakara bhI bhIgatA nahIM hai|' 7. DA. vinayamohana ke anusAra - jo Atmonnati sahita paramAtmA ke milana bhAva ko sAdhya mAnakara lokamaMgala kI kAmanA karatA hai vaha santa hai|' isa prakAra vyApaka artha meM kisI bhI Izvaronmukha sajjana puruSa ko santa kaha sakate haiN| koza granthoM meM bhI isake sahI yA udAtta artha ko lekara kabhI koI vivAda nahI rahA / "santa" zabda kI vyutpattiyA~ bhI isake udAtta artha kI ora hI saMketa karatI haiN| santa zabda kI vyutpatti khojane ke lie vidvAnoM ne sat, sana, zAnta evaM aMgrejI ke seNTa Adi zabdoM ke prayoga evaM artha vibhinnatA Adi kI paryApta samIkSa kI hai| AcArya parazurAma caturvedI ke anusAra - "santa" zabda hindI bhASA ke antargata eka vacana meM prayukta hotA hai kintu yaha mUlataH saMskRta "san" kA bahuvacana hai / san" zabda bhI as - honA dhAtu se bane "sat" kA pulliMga rUpa hai, jo zatRpratyaya lagAkara prastuta kiyA jAtA hai aura jisakA artha kevala hone vAlA va rahane vAlA ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra santa zabda kA maulika artha zuddha astitva mAtra kA hI bodhaka hai aura isakA prayoga bhI isI kAraNa usa nityavastu yA paramatattva ke lie apekSita hogA jisakA nAza nahIM hotA, jo "sadA eka rasa va adhikRta rUpa meM vidyamAna" rahA karatA hai aura jise satya ke nAma se bhI abhihita kiyA jA sakatA hai|' DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla ke anusAra santa zabda kI vyutpatti do prakAra se kI jAtI hai| kucha vidvAna isako "zAnta" zabda se vyutpanna mAnate haiM aura 1. yoga pravAha - DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla pRSTha 158 2. saMta kavi dariyA : eka anuzIlana DaoN, dharmendra grahmacArI pRSTha 151 3. vahI puSTha 150 4. hindI ko marAThI santoM kI dena AcArya vijayamohana pRSTha 56 5. AcArya parazurAma caturvedI - uttarI bhArata kI santa paramparA pRSTha 4

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kucha isako "saMta" zabda kA bahuvacana rUpa (santaH) mAnate haiM jo aba ekavacana meM prayukta hone lagA hai|' isI prasaMga meM vedadarzanAcArya zrI maNDalezvara zrI svAmI gagezvarAnanda mahArAja dvArA samIkSita saMta zabda kI cAra vyutpattiyoM ko tathA DA rAjadevasiMha dvArA pradatta vyutpattiyoM ko bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai|' uparyukta sabhI sandarbho evaM uddharaNoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki vaidika yuga se lekara madhyayuga taka ke sAhitya meM eka ora santa zabda kA prayoga paramatattva ke sAdhaka ke artha meM huA hai aura dUsarI aura sAdhu, satpuruSa aura bhakta ke artha meN| eka artha meM vaha brahma hai tathA dUsare artha meM vaha brahma kA svarUpa hai| Adhunika sAhitya meM santa zabda astitva vAcaka hokara jahA~ eka ora satya kI tarapha saMketa karatA hai vahA~ dUsarI ora sAdhutA kA bhI bodha karAtA hai| isa prakAra jahA~ kabIra Adi nirguNa santa isake antargata samAhita hote haiM vahA~ sUradAsa, tulasIdAsa Adi saguNopAsaka bhakta bhI isI artha ko caritArtha karate haiN| nirguNa santoM aura saguNa bhaktoM ke sAtha-sAtha vastutaH yaha zabda una sabhI AdhyAtmika ruci evaM pravatti vAle sAdhanazIla vyaktiyoM kA bodha karAtA hai| jinakI eka kar3I bhUdharadAsa bhI haiM / tatvata: "santa" aura "bhakta" meM koI antara nahIM hai| bhakta bhagavAna kI dhAraNA karatA hai tathA santa "sat" kii| donoM hI pAramArthika satya yA tatva se sambandhita haiN| hindI Alocaka nirguNopAsakoM ko santa tathA saguNopAsakoM ko unase pRthak karane ke lie bhakta kahate Aye haiM / nizcaya hI yaha antara vyavahArika hai, saiddhAntika nhiiN|| Adhunika bhAratIya Arya bhASAoM ke samasta bhakti sAhitya meM santa aura bhakta zabda samAnArthaka yA ekArthaka rUpa meM prayukta hue haiM jabaki hindI AlocanA meM saguNa brahma meM AsthA rakhane vAloM ko bhakta kahA jAtA hai aura nirgaNa brahma meM AsthA rakhane vAloM ko santa / Adhunika hindI samIkSakoM ke mata se kabIra Adi santa the| sUra tulasI, Adi bhakta the| bhaktoM ke viSaya meM nitAnta prAmANika mAne jAne vAle "bhaktamAla" meM bhakta aura santa meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vahA~ kabIra bhI bhakta hai aura tulasI bhii| jabaki AlocanA meM Ajakala tulasI ko santa kahanA yA kabIra ko bhakta kahanA ajJAna sUcaka mAnA jAtA hai| 1. yoga pravAha- DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla pRSTha 158 2. santa darzana - DaoN. trilokanArAyaNa dIkSita pRSTha 3 3.'zabda aura arthaH santa sAhitya ke sandarbha meM '-DaoN. rAjadeva siMha prathama saMskaraNa pRSTha 51-57

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10 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : santa zabda : rUr3ha, pracalita yA saMkucita artha santa zabda Ajakala apanI pUrvavartI udAtta artha sthiti se vicchinna hokara aise jJAnI nirguNa santoM ke artha ko dyotita karatA hai; jo nIcI jAtiyoM meM utpanna hue haiM, brAhmaNa, veda aura saguNa brahma meM AsthA nahIM rakhate haiM, jAti-pA~ti ke bandhanoM ko asvIkAra karate haiM, Adi santa kabIra yA kabIra jaise kisI anya santa ko apanA guru mAnate haiM tathA unake mata yA sampradAya, rIti-nIti, AcAra-vicAra, sAdhanA evaM sAdhanA ke lakSyoM kI sIdhI paramparA se sambaddha haiN| uparyukta rUr3ha aura pracalita artha kI puSTi gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke rAmacaritamAnasa meM varNita santoM ke maulika azrutapUrva evaM sAmpradAyika se lagane vAle una lakSaNoM se bhI hotI hai jinakA ullekha tulasIdAsa ne uttarakANDa ke "kali mahimA" 1 vAle prasaMga meM kI hai| ___ gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke anusAra ye tathAkathita santa telI, kumhAra, cANDAla, bhIla, kola, kalavAra Adi adhamavargoM meM utpanna hone vAle the| jo purANa aura veda kI prAmANikattA meM vizvAsa nahIM karate haiN| brAhmaNa ke prati jinameM koI zraddhA nahIM thI, jo aneka japa-tapa aura vratoM kA anuSThAna karate the| vyAsagaddI para baiThakara dharmopadeza dete the, brAhmaNoM se vivAda karate the aura svayaM ko brAhmaNa kahate the| una para apane jJAna kA roba DAlakara unheM jJAna kA upadeza dete the, janeU pahanakara kudAna lete the aura brAhmaNoM se apanI pUjA karavAte the| ziva 1. rAmacaritamAnasa (gItApresa gorakhapuru ucarakANDa dohA 97-110 taka 2. je basnAdhama teli kumhAru / svapaca kirAta kola kalavArA / / vahI dohA 100 caupAI 3 3. nahiM mAna purAna na bedahiM jo / hari sevaka santa sahI kali so // vahIM dohA 101 caupAI 4 4. sudra karahiM japa tapa vrata jaanaa| baiThi barAsana kahahiM purAnA / vahI dohA 100 caupAI 5 5. nAdahi sUdra dvijanha sana hama tumhate kachu ghaattii| jAnaI brahma so vipravara oNkhi dekhAvahi ddaaNtti|| vahI dohA 99 kha 6. sUTa dvijanha upadesAhiM gyAnA / meli janeka lehi kudAnA / / mAnasa vahI dohA 99 caupAI 1 7. te vipranha sana Apu pujAvahi / ubhayaloka niha hAtha nasAvahiM // vahIM dohA 100 caupAI 4

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana L ke prati inameM AsthA thI aura paurANika devatAoM tathA viSNu ke prati droha bhAva thA / 2 ina mithyA daMbha karane vAloM ko sabhI loga santa kahate haiN| 3 4 tulasIdAsa santa-lakSaNa meM brAhmaNa ke prati AsthA evaM pUjyabuddhi tathA dAzarathi rAma ko parabrahmatA tathA rAmakathAzravaNa ' Adi ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| ve brAhmaNazreSThatA, dAzarathi rAma kI bhagavattA tathA veda-purANa kI mahattA na mAnane vAloM ke lie jina-jina vizeSaNoM kA prayoga karate haiM; ve saba vizeSaNa maulika, azrutapUrva, sAmpradAyika tathA dveSagarbhita pratIta hote haiM / " kucha prazna : kucha uttara santa zabda ke artha nirdhAraNa ke sambandha meM pahalA prazna yaha hai ki kabIra Adi nirguNopAsakoM ke lie hI " santa" zabda kA prayoga kyoM hone lagA ? "santa" " zabda itanA rUr3ha aura sAmpradAyika kaise bana gayA ? isa prazna ke uttara meM aneka saMbhAvanAe~ kI jA sakatI hai, aneka anumAna lagAye jA sakate haiM - (ka) "santa" pada ke uparyukta saMkucita evaM rUr3ha artha nirdhAraNa meM tulasIdAsa dvArA mAnya nae santa lakSaNoM se paryApta sahAyatA milane kI sambhAvanA hai| (kha) "santa" zabda kA nirguNopAsaka kabIra Adi ke lie rUr3ha evaM sAmpradAyika artha bIsavIM zatAbdI meM hindI AlocanA evaM anusaMdhAna kI pragati ke sAtha huA hai| Adhunika hindI AlocanA meM santa zabda kI pAribhASika maryAdA bilkula naI hai| 1. siva sevaka mana krama arU baanii| Anadeva nindaka abhimAnI rAmacaritamAnasa (gItApresa gorakhapura) uttarAkhaNDa dohA 97 caupAI 1 2. maiM khala mala saMkula mati nIca jAti basa moha / 11 harijana dija dekhe jaradaM karaDaM bisnu kara droha / / vahI dohA 105 ka 3. midhyAraMbha daMbha rata joii| tA kahu~ santa kahai saba koI | vahIM dohA 98 caupAI 2 4. suni muni saMtana ke guna khiiN| japa tapa vrata dama saMjama nemA / / guru govinda citra pada premA || mAnasa araNyakANDa dohA 46 caupAI 2 5. rAma kathA sasi kirana samAnA / santa cakora karahiM jehi pAnA || vahI bAlakANDa 47 caupAI 4 6. vahI bAlakANDa dohA 47 8. vahI pRSTha 37 7. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA DaoN. rAmadevasiMha pRSTha 33 9. vahI pRSTha 37 -

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12 mahAkavi pUdharadAsa : (ga) isa sambandha meM yaha bhI anumAna lagAya hai ki - "santa zabda kA prayoga kisI samaya vizeSa rUpa se kevala una bhaktoM ke lie hI hotA thA, jo viTThala yA vArakarI sampradAya ke pradhAna pracAraka the aura jinakI sAdhanA nirmANa bhakti ke AdhAra para calatI thii| santa zabda inake lie prAya: rUr3ha sA ho gayA thA aura kadAcit aneka bAtoM meM unhIM ke samAna hone ke kAraNa uttarI bhArata ke kabIra sAhaba tathA anya aise logoM kA bhI vahI nAmakaraNa ho gyaa| dUsarA prazna, santa ko nirguNa upAsaka tathA bhakta ko saguNa upAsaka mAnakara donoM meM antara karane kI vRtti kaise vikasita huI ? isakA uttara yaha hai ki prArambha meM IsAI santoM aura bhAratIya bhaktoM meM antara batAne ke lie santa aura bhakta meM bheda kiyA gayA, na ki saguNa ko bhakta aura nirguNa ko santa batAne ke lie; kyoMki bhaktizAstra ke granthoM meM nirguNa brahma aura saguNa brahma donoM ko hI bhakti kA viSaya mAnA gayA hai / bhAratIya bhaktoM aura IsAI santoM ke antara ko lekara calane vAle vivAda ke samaya hI kabIra Adi santoM kA sAhitya prakAza meM AyA / kabIra Adi santoM ke sAhitya kI nirguNa sattA ke prati prema nivedana karane vAle IsAI santoM se paryApta samAnatAe~ hai, isIlie svabhAvata: tulasI Adi saguNabhaktoM se IsAI santoM ko jina AdhAroM para bhinna siddha kiyA gayA thA; unhIM AdhAroM para saguNa upAsaka tulasI Adi aura nirguNa upAsaka kabIra Adi ko bhI paraspara bhinna siddha kara diyA gyaa|' (kha) santa sAhitya kI vizeSatAe~ yA mukhya pravRttiyA~ kisI bhI sAhitya kI vizeSatAe~ anubhUti arthAt bhAvapakSa aura abhivyakti arthAt kalApakSa kI dRSTi se vivecya hotI haiM / santa sAhitya kI bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa sambandhI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM / vibhinna vidvAnoM ne santa sAhitya kI vividha vizeSatAoM kI ora dhyAna dilAkara unakI vivecanA kI hai| 1. uttarI bhArata kI santa paramparA --- parazurAma caturvedI prathama saMskaraNa pRSTha 7 2, bhakti rasAmRta sin 1.12 bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA - ma.pra. paM. gopInAtha kavirAja evaM nirguNa bhakti : svarUpa evaM paramparA-DaoN.rAjadeva siMha 3. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA : prathama khaNDa saMta) DaoN. rAjadeva siMha pRSTha 40

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana DA. pavanakumAra jaina ' ne santa sAhitya kI jina bhAvapakSIya vizeSatAoM kI vivecanA kI hai ve haiM - 1. lokaparaka abhivyakti 2. dhArmika cetanA 3 vicAra svAtantrya 4. vyaktigata jIvana meM pavitratA 5. jJAna kI apekSA anubhava ko mahattva 6. premaparaka lokAzrita sAdhanA 7. gurU kA mahattva 8. dhyAna evaM samAdhi 9. paramatattva, mAyA, jIvAtmA Adi kA vivecana 10 ahiMsA 11 sAmAjikatA 12 satyAnveSaNa DaoN. muktezvara tivArI ne santa kaviyoM ko nimnalikhita vizeSatAoM para prakAza DAlA hai - 1. varga aura sampradAya vihInatA 2. santoM kA brahmavAdI honA 3. santoM ke jJAna meM anubhUti kI pradhAnatA 4. nAma smaraNa santa sAdhanA kI pramukhatA 5. santa kaviyoM kI sarvagrAhI samanvayavAdI pravRtti 6. santa kaviyoM meM racanA zailI kI apekSA bhAvoM kI pradhAnatA 7. santa kaviyoM dvArA muktaka yA svAntaH sukhAya racanA 8. santa kaviyoM ke upAsya nirguNa aura saguNa se pare anirvacanIya tattva 9. santoM kI mAyA kA mohinI aura vikarAla - donoM ruup| 1, mahAvIra vANI ke Aloka meM hindI kA santa kAvya-DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina para 86 se 91 2. madhyayugIna sUphI aura santa sAhitya-DaoN. muktezvara tivArI pRSTha 211 se 214

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : DaoN. zivakumAra ne santa kAvya kI nimnAMkita vizeSatAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1. nirguNa Izvara meM vizvAsa 2. bahudevavAda evaM avatAravAda kA virodha 3. sadguru kA mahattva 4. jAti pA~ti ke bheda-bhAva kA virodha 5. rUr3hiyoM evaM ADambaroM kA virodha 6. rahasyavAda 7. bhajana evaM nAmasmaraNa 8. zrRMgAra varNana ena riha kI mArmika uditA 9. loka saMgraha kI bhAvanA 10. nArI ke prati dRSTikoNa (nArI mAyA kA pratIka) 11. mAyA se sAvadhAnatA 12, geya muktaka zailI kA prayoga / santa sAhitya apane Apa meM ati vizAla evaM vyApaka hai isalie vibhinna vidvAnoM ne usakI pRthak-pRthak vizeSatAe~ batalAyI haiN| unameM kucha pramukha viSayagata, bhAvagata, evaM bhASA-zailIgata vizeSatAe~ yA mukhya pravRttiyoM vivecana sahita nimnalikhita haiM - 1.nirguNa brahma yA nirguNa rAma meM vizvAsa - isa kSaNabhaMgura jIvana meM jo paramadhyeya hai vaha paramatattva, paramabrahma paramAtmA hai| veda purANa Adi sabhI usake viSaya meM batalAte haiM, parantu phira bhI vaha anirvacanIya yA akathanIya hI hai| vaha paramatattva nirguNa, nirAkAra, anupama, triguNAtIta, bhAvAbhAvavinirmukta, dvaitAdvaitavilakSaNa, alakha, alabha, anAma evaM arUpa hai / kabIra ke anusAra vaha tattva pUrNa satya hai use jAna lene kA dAvA na ve svayaM karate haiM aura dUsaroM kA dAvA svIkAra karate haiN| vaha jaisA kahA jAtA hai, vaisA nahIM hai, vaha to jaisA hai vaisA hI hai| (ka) jasa tU tasa tAhi koI na jAna, loga kahe saba Anahi aan| (kha) jasa kaciye tasa hota nahiM jasa hai taisA hoii| (ga) jahuvAM pragaTi bajAvAhu jaisA, jasa anamai kathiyA tini taisaa| 1. hindI sAhitya yuga aura pravRttiyA~ - DaoN. zivakumAra pRSTha 114 se 119

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15 eka samAlocaraH 6. adhyakSa (gha) kahive ko sobhA nahIM, dekhyA hI paravAna / (ka) avigata akala anupama dekhyA kahatA kahayA na jaaii| saina karai mana rahasai, gUge jAni miThAI // avigata kI gati kyA kahU~ ,jasakara gAMva na nAva / guna vihuna kA pekhie, kAkara pariye naaNv|| kabIra granthAvalI ke uparyukta sabhI uddharaNoM se vaha paramatattva nirguNa, nirAkAra, anupama, anirvacanIya prakaTa hotA hai, anya padoM meM vaha saguNa tathA virATa rUpa meM bhI kathita hai, jahA~ kabIra use sRSTikartA, kumbhakAra kI taraha bhI kahate hai vahA~ bahyA koTi mahAdeva, koTi sUrya candra Adi usakI zobhA bar3hAte haiM parantu antata: vaha tattva nirapekSa evaM anirvacanIya hI hai / santoM ne jisa triguNAtIta nirguNa nirAkAra paramabrahma ko svIkAra kiyA hai, usI kA nAma "rAma" hai| vaha "rAma" dazaratha kA patra nahIM hai / kabIra va anya santoM ke anusAra dazaratha ke beTe "rAma" kA bakhAna karane vAlA rAma nAma se asalI marma se paricita nahIM dezaratha suta tihu~loka bkhaanaa| rAma nAma ko parama hai AnA / / santoM ke mata se isa avigata kI gati lakSa nahIM kI jA sktii| cAroM veda, sampUrNa smRtiyA~ aura purANa va nau vyAkaraNa koI usa nirguNa brahma kA marma nahIM samajha sakA - nirguna rAma japahu~ re bhaaii| avigata kI gati lakhI na jaaii|| nAriM veda aura sumita puraannaa| nau vyAkarAnAM marama na jAnA / / usa rAma kA koI rUpa nahIM hai, raMga tathA deha nahIM hai vaha to niraMjana hai - "rUpa varaNa vAke kachu nAhI, sahajo raMga na deha / usakA koI nAma nizAna nahIM hai| bhUkha-pyAsa kA guNa usameM nahIM hai| vaha ghaTa-ghaTa meM samAyA huA hai para usakA marma koI nahIM jaantaa| vaha samasta veda aura bheda se vivarjita hai, pApa aura puNya se atIta hai, jJAna aura dhyAna kA aviSaya hai, sthUla aura sUkSma se pare hai, bheSa aura bhIkha se bAhara hai - rAma ke nAI nIsAna vAgA, tAkA parama na jAne koii| mUkha trikhA guNa vAkai nAhi ghaTa ghaTa aMtari soii|| 1. kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pada 153 2. sansabAnI saMgraha pRSTha 15

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: veda bivarjita bheda bibarjita, bibarjita pApa ru punyaM / gyAna bibarjita dhyAna bibarjita, bibarjita asthUla sunyaM // bheSa vivarjita bhIkha vivarjita, vivarjitaiyaMbhaka rUpaM / kahai kabIra tihu~ loka bibarjita, aisA tatta anUpaM // ' usameM na samudra hai na parvata, na dharatI hai na AkAza, na sUrya hai na candra, na pAnI hai, na pavana, na nAda hai na bindu, na kAla hai na kAyA, na japa haiM na tapa / joga, dhyAna aura pUjA bhI vaha nahIM haiN| vaha ziva zakti aura anya koI devatA bhI nahIM hai| 16 3 vaha cAra veda aura vyAkaraNa bhI nahIM hai| 2 vaha aguNa aura saguNa donoM se Upara hai, ajara aura amara donoM se atI hai, arUpa aura avarNa donoM se pare hai, piNDa aura brahmANDa donoM se agamya hai| vaha " hai" aura "nahIM" donoM se rahita haiN| 4. use dvaita-advaita, bhAva- abhAva, Adi ke pakSoM meM bA~Takara nahIM dekhA jA sakatA hai| usa pUrNa ko dekhane ke lie pUrNa dRSTi kI jarUrata hai - khaMDa-khaMDa kari brahma ko paraba-paraba lIyA bAMTi / dAdU pUraNa brahma taji baMdhe marama kI gA~Thi // 5 isa prakAra santoM kA sadasadvilakSaNa, bhAvAbhAvavinirmukta, agama, alakha, nirajana, nirguNa ekamAtra sattA vAlA rAma anAma hone para bhI nAmamaya hai / yaha ThIka hai ki vaha arUpa hai lekina yaha bhI ThIka hai ki sAre rUpa ekamAtra usI ke haiN| santoM kA rAma nirguNa hai lekina guNamaya bhI vahI hai| saMsAra meM jahA~ bhI koI guNa dikhatA hai, koI satya, koI ziva, koI sundara apanI AbhA se camatkRta karatA hai vaha AbhA usI rAma kI hotI hai| sahajobAI ke zabdoM meM sahaja brahma kA svarUpa draSTavya hai - nAma nahIM auM nAma saba, rUpa nahIM saba ruup| sahajo saba kachu brahma hai, nirAkAra AkAra saba, haiM nAhIM sU rahita hai, 1. kabIra granthAvalI dohA pada 220 3. vahI pada 180 5. bAnI (zAnasAgara) pRSTha 110 hari praragaTa hari gupa / / nirguna aura gunavanta / sahajo yoM bhagavanta // ' 2. vahI pada 219 4. santabAnI saMgraha bhAga 1 pRSTha 165 6. santabAnI saMgraha bhAga 1 pRSTha 165

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana raidAsa kI dRSTi meM rAma ke atirikta zeSa saba kucha asahaja hai| ve ekamAtra rAma ko sAra vastu tathA sahaja mAnate haiN|' santoM ke nirguNa brahma ke sambandha meM DA. rAjadevasiMha kA yaha kathana bhI mAnanIya hai - "santoM ke nirgaNa rAma ko zaMkara advaita ke nirguNa brahma kA samazIla mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| aisA mAnakara jaba bhI santoM ke brahma nirUpaNa kI parIkSA kI gaI to usameM bhayaMkara asaMgatiyoM dikhAI par3atI hai| AcArya zaMkara ke nirguNa bahma ko sAmane rakhakara dekhane se lagatA hai ki kabIradAsa kabhI to avaMtavAda kI ora jhakate dikhAI dete haiM aura kabhI ekezvaravAda kI ora, kabhI ve paurANika saguNabhAva se bhagavAna ko pukArate haiM aura kabhI nirguNabhAva se, asala meM unakA koI sthira tAttvika siddhAnta nahIM thaa|" 2 santoM ke anusAra isa anirvacanIya tattva kI apane antastala meM prApti ke lie kuNDalinI zakti ke jAgaraNa kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai| yoga vijJAna ke anusAra hamAre merudaNDa meM vibhinna granthiyoM ke rUpa meM nIce se Upara taka chaha cakra pAye jAte haiN| ve kramaza: mUlAdhAra, svAmiSThAna, maNipUraka, anAhata, vizaddha aura Aja haiN| inakA rUpa bhinna-bhinna saMkhyo ke daloM vAle kamala ke puSpoM kI bhA~ti hai| sarvopari mastiSka sthita sahalAra cakra (sahastradala) kamala hai| mUlAdhAra cakra ke nIce sarpiNIsvarUpA kaNDalinI zakti kA nivAsa hai| prANAyAma kI sAdhanA se vaha zakti prabuddha hokara kramaza: vibhinna cakroM ko pAra kara sahastrAra cakra meM jAkara lIna ho jAtI hai hamArI samasta zaktiyA~ kendrita hokara eka divya jyoti ke Ananda meM magna ho jAtI hai| yahI brahma sAkSAtkAra hai| kabIra ne kahA hai - "prANAyAma dvArA pavana ko ulaTakara SaTcakroM ko bedhate hue suSumnA ko bhara diyA jisa kAraNa sUrya aura candra kA saMyoga hote hI sadguru ke kathanAnusAra brahmAgni prajvalita ho gayI aura sArI kAmanAe~, vAsanAe~, ahaMkAra bhasma ho ge| jaba sUrya aura candramA kA saMyoga kara diyA taba anAhata zabda hone lagA aura jaba anAhata bajane lagA, taba svAmI ke sAtha virAjane lgaa| jaba cintA nizcila ho gayI taba rAmarasAyana pIne ko mila gayA aura jaba rAmarasAyana piyA taba kAla kA anta ho gayA, amaratva kI prApti ho gii|' 1. raidAsabAnI, pada 21 pRSTha 11 2. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA-DaoN.rAjadeva siMha pRSTha 174 3. kabIra ganyAvalI ke pada,(artha) uttarI bhArata kI saMta paramparA zrI parazuruma caturvedI se udata pRSTha 203 4.bhaktikAvya meM rahasyavAda hoM.rAmanArAyaNa pANDeya pRSTha 221, 22 tathA bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAdhanA ma.ma. gopInAtha kavirAja pRSTha 330

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mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : 2. rAma nAma kA mahattva - santoM dvArA pratipAdita anirvacanIya paramatattva nAma japa dvArA prApta kiyA jA sakatA / zabda brahma bhI hai aura brahma prApti kA sAdhana bhI haiN| ataeva santoM ne vyaktigata jIvana meM nAma-japa kiyA hai tathA samAja ke lie nAma smaraNa kI mahattA bhI batalAyI hai| nAma japa kA mahattva nirvivAda hai| smRtiyoM, purANoM tathA bauddha, zaiva, vaiSNava, zAkta Adi tantroM meM nAma japa kA mahattva evaM usake bAhya-Antarika, sthala-sUkSma Adi vividha prakAroM kA paryApta mAtrA meM vivecana upalabdha hotA hai| prAcIna sAhitya meM bhI nAma smaraNa kA mahattva batalAyA gayA hai | zrI madbhAgavat gItA meM kahA hai - ananyacetA: satataM yo mAM sparanti nityazaH / / tasyAhaM sulabhaH pArtha nityamuktasya yoginaH // ' nArada purANa kA kathana hai ki - harernAma harernAma harena meva kevlm| kalau nAstyeva nAstyeva gatiranyathA // * kabIra Adi nAma ko mUla tathA anya mantroM ko DAla batAte hue kahate haiM - Adi nAma saba mUla hai aura mantra saba jhr| kahe kabIra nija nama bina, baDi maA saMsAra // nAnaka ke anusAra rAma nAma se hI uddhAra sambhava hai ata: isakA nitya bhajana karanA cAhie - "kaha nAnaka bhaja rAma nAma nita Ate hota uvAra'' santa caranadAsa rAma nAma ko jIvana ke pratyeka kArya-kalApa meM samAviSTa karate hue kahate haiM - nApahi le jala pIjie, nAmahi lekara khaah| nAmahi lekara baiThie, nAmahi le cala rAha / / santa garIbadAsa ke anusAra nAma dIpa hI alakSya ko lakSita karA sakatA hai agama anAhada bhUmi hai jahA~ nAma kA diip| eka palaka bichurai nahIM, rahatA nainoM bIca / / ' 1. gItA 8/14 2. nAradapurANa 3. saMtavAnI saMgraha, bhAga 1 4. saMtamAnI saMgraha, bhAga 2 pRSTha 47 5. saMtabAnI saMgraha, bhAga 1 6. saMvabAnI saMgraha, bhAga 1

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 19 sahajobAI kA kathana hai ki nAma japa se zreSTha sAdhana bhavasAgara saMtaraNa ke lie anya koI nahIM hai - sahajo bhavasAgara bahai, timira barasa ghanaghora / tAmeM nAma jahAja hai pAra utArai tora // ' nAma-japa ke sambandha meM DaoN. rAjadevasiMha kA yaha kathana Ata mAnanIya hai - "nAma japa ke sambandha meM vaidika-avaidika, saguNa-nirguNa, bhAratIyaabhAratIya sabhI paramparAoM meM paryApta AsthA buddhi milatI hai aura saMsAra ke sabhI santoM, bhaktoM aura rahasyavAdiyoM ne isa nAma japa ko niHzreyasa prApti kA avyartha sAdhana mAnA hai / santoM ne jisa nirguNa rAma kI upAsanA aura rAma nAma ke japa kA bahuza: vyAkhyAna kiyA hai vaha unake nirguNa-saguNa sambandhI aviveka kA paricAyaka na hokara unakI nAma ke prati ekAnta niSThA kA paricAyaka hai| vastuta: unakA sadasadvilakSaNa, bhAvAbhAvavirmukta, nirguNa brahma IzvarAdvayavAda ke advaita brahma kI taraha svatantra hai| zaiva mata aura santa mata kI yaha eka bar3I vizeSatA hai ki vaha na zuSka jJAnamArga hai aura na jJAnahIna bhaktimArga / usameM jJAna aura bhakti donoM kA sAmaMjasya hai| inakI bhakti ajJAnamUlaka dvaitabhAva se utpanna nahIM hai / vastutaH vaha parisphuTa advaita kI avasthA hai aura eka hisAba se yaha parisphuTa dvaita kI avasthA bhI hai parantu yaha alaukika dvaita hai isIlie yahA~ eka sAtha bhakti aura jJAna kA, cit aura Ananda kA samAveza dikhAI par3atA hai| ___3. AtmA - santoM ne jIva yA AtmA ko brahma kA aMza mAnA hai| use khojane ke lie kahIM jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| vaha ghaTa-ghaTa vyApI hai| vaha sAdhaka kI AtmA meM hI samAyA huA hai| vaha ajara hai, amara hai, anAdi anaMta hai, avinazvara hai / usase hI yaha jagat bhAsatA hai / usI ke Aloka meM ye sArI prakriyAe~ hotI hai| usake cale jAne para zarIra meM prANa nahIM rhte| vahI brahmasvarUpa hai / usI kI khoja vAMchanIya hai| usake zreSThatva evaM amaratva kA jJAna sAdhaka ko apanI ora AkarSita karatA hai, isIlie sAdhaka ise jAnane ke lie unmukha ho jAtA hai| isa sambandha meM kabIra kA kathana hai - 1. saMtabAnI saMgraha, bhAga 1 2. saMtoM kI sahaja sAdhanA : DaoN. rAjadeva siMha

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : jyoM tila mAhIM tela hai jyoM cakamaka meM aag| terA sAI tujjha meM, jAgi sake to jaag| saba ghaTa merA sAiyA, sUnI seja na koy| balihArI vA ghATa kI, jA ghaTa paraghaTa hoy|| santa malUkadAsa kahate haiM - nAhiM Atama jArga, mre| kAtU kAla meM yUI sare / / jaise dhana maTha nAsateM nAhi nasaiM AkAsa / taise dehara ke nase, nahi kachu sAkoM Asa / / santa sundaradAsa jIva ko brahma kA aMza mAnakara use avinAzI batalAte haiM nA vaha upajai bInasai, nA kabahu bhrmaay| aMza brahma kA hoi rahe, nA Adai na jAya / / punaH kabIra kA yaha kathana bhI mAnanIya hai - jala meM kumbha kumbha meM jala hai bAhara bhItara paanii| phUTA kumbha, jala jalahiM samAnA, yaha tata kahayau giyAnI // ____4. bhakti evaM prema - santa mata ke anusAra bhakti ADambara vihIna hotI hai ; isIlie santa kAvya meM navadhAbhakti kA karmakANDa sammata evaM paramparA samarthita rUpa nahIM miltaa| maharSi zANDilya ke anusAra "sA parAnuraktirIzvare" evaM devarSi nArada ke anusAra "sAtvasmin premasvarUpA" arthAt paramezvara meM atizaya premasvarUpA bhAvanA hI bhakti hai| bhakti to bhakti hI hai cAhe vaha saguNa kI ho yA nirguNa kI / bhaktimArga jJAna evaM yogamArga kI apekSA atyanta sarala, sarasa evaM hitakAraka hai / isa mArga meM indriyoM ke damana tathA mana ke zamana karane kI AvazyakatA nahI, apitu mAtra mana kI sakala pravRttiyoM ko apane ArAdhya meM kendrita kara denA hai| yaha mArga sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie bhI sugrAhya hai / santoM ne bhakti kI zreSThatA aneka prakAra se pratipAdita kI hai| santa dAdUdayAla bhakti ke binA jIvana ko nirarthaka mAnate hue kahate hai ki "dAdU hari kI bhagati binA dhiga jIvana kali mAhi" santa palaTUdAsa bhagavAna ke darabAra meM eka mAtra bhakti ko hI zreSTha batalAte haiM - "sAhiba ke darabAra meM, kevala bhakti vicAra"

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana santa garIbadAsa kahate haiM ki binA bhakti ke mana kI vAsanAe~ evaM aneka prakAra ke sandeha nahIM miTate haiM - binA bhagati kyA hota hai kAsI karavaTa leh| piTe nahI mana vAsanA, bahu vidhi bharama saMdeha / / santoM ke anusAra paramatasna ko khojane ke lie bAhara ke kisI ADambara pUjA-pATha, mandira mUrti Adi kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| antaratama ke caMcala tattvoM ko sthira karane se mokSa jaise sarvazreSTha siddhi bhI prApta ho jAtI hai / santoM kA bhakti yoga isI pRSThabhUmi meM AyA hai| apane pUrvavartI sAdhakoM kI taraha santoM ne bhI bAhyADambara kA tiraskAra kiyA aura antaratama meM usa paramatattva ko khejane kA prayAsa kiyaa| jahA~ pUrvavartI sAdhakoM ne sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa prematatva kI upekSA kI, vahA~ kabIra, raidAsa, nAnaka, dAdU Adi santoM ne isa prema tatva para sabase adhika bala diyaa| prema barAbara joga naa| prema barAbara jJAna / prema bhakti bina saadhivo| saba hI thothA jJAna // santoM dvArA isa prema tattva ko zuddha AcAra evaM nirviSaya citta kI svastha bhUmikA dekara pUrvavartI sAdhakoM dvArA AdRta siddhiyoM kI upekSA karate hue antaratama meM sthita parama premamaya bhagavAna ke prati ekaniSTha prIti ko mahatvapUrNa mAnA gayA / sAtha hI isake lie sadAcAra, brahmacarya, vinItabhAva, samarpaNa buddhi Adi ko anivArya batalAyA gayA hai| santoM kI dRSTi meM bhakti hI sahaja hai aura bhakti kI sAdhanA hI eka mAtra sahaja sAdhanA hai| bhakti ke sAmane ATha siddhiyA~ aura nau nidhiyA~ to tuccha haiM hI, sAtha hI mukti bhI hIna hai - cAri padAratha mukti bApurI, aThasidhi nau cerii| mAyA dAsI tAke Age, ahaM bhakti nirajana terI // ' bhakti zAstrIya granthoM meM bhakti ke sambandha meM aneka bAteM kahI gaI hai| bhAgavata ke mata se dharma, yoga aura jJAna ke sAdhaka jo kucha karma, tapa jJAna, vairAgya yoga, dAna, dharma yA anya zreya ke sAdhanoM dvArA prApta karate haiM , use bhagavad-bhakti 1. dAdUdayAla kI bAnI pRSTha 337 : 98

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : ke dvArA anAyAsa hI prApta kara lete haiM / 'bhAva, bhakti aura vizvAsa ke binA saMzaya kA mUleccheda nahIM hotA, haribhakti ke binA mukti nirmUla hai - bhAva bhagati visavAsa binu, kar3he na sNshymuul| kahai chAtI zari sama anu sukSati nahI muul||' bhagavAna se prema ho jAne para sabhI saMzaya samApta ho jAte haiM tathA kAma, krodhAdi vikAra palAyana kara jAte haiM - merai saMse koI nahIM, hari sauM lAgA het| / kAma krodha sauM jUjhanA, caur3e mAMDA kheta / / isa prema bhakti se jJAna kA janma hotA hai aura ajJAna miTatA hai - prema bhakti sUM upajai jnyaanaa| hoya cAMdanA miTai ajJAnA / / ' bhakti paramapremasvarUpA hai, ga~ge ke gur3a kI taraha anirvacanIya hai / bhavasAgara meM DUbane vAle kA eka mAtra sahArA yaha prema hI hai| isa prema ke binA jIva kI koI gati nahIM hai| prema akele bhakta hI nahIM karatA, apitu bhagavAna bhI prema kA hI bhUkhA hai | bhakta bhagavAna ko bhUla jAya parantu bhagavAna bhakta ko nahIM bhUlate haiM je hama chAre rAma ko, to rAma na chaadde| dAdU amalI amala the, prana kyUM kari kAr3he // ' santa agara usa paramapriya ke daravAje para prema ke bhikhArI banakara hAjira hote haiM, to rAma bhI dUlhA banakara unake ghara para A virAjatA hai - dulahina gAvahu maMgalAcAra / hama ghari Ae rAjA rAma bharatAra / / " duniyA kI prIti svArtha kI prIti hotI hai, lekina bhakta aura bhagavAna kI prIti binA svArtha kI prIti hotI hai - svAratha ko saba.koI sagA, jaga sagalA hI jaani| bina svAraca Adara karai, so pari kI prIti pichAnI // ' 1. bhAgavata 11,2032-3 2. kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pRSTha 118, 1 3. kavIra granthAvalI tivArI pRSTha 183, 11 4. caranajAnI pRSTha 15 5. santa kAvya pRSTha 292 : 32 6. kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pada 5 7, kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pRSTha 159 : 42

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana santoM ne isa jagata ko dukhamaya dekhA thaa| unheM koI bhI zarIradhArI sukhI nahIM dikhaa| sukhI to eka santa hai| usake sukha kA kAraNa bhI prema hai| isa prema se saMzaya kA nAza hotA hai tathA priya se milana hotA hai - paMjara prema prakAsiyA, AgI joti ananta / saMzaya khUTA sukha bhayA, milA piyArA kanta / / ' yaha prema bhAgyavAnoM ko hI milatA hai| isa prema ke binA bhakti bhI saccI nahIM hotI - bhAga binA nAhi pAiye, prema prIti kI bhakta / binA prema nahiM bhakti kachu, bhakti bhayo saba jkt||' prema ke binA bhakti nirarthaka aura daMbhamAtra raha jAtI hai - prema binA jo bhakti hai so nija daMbha vicaar| udara bharana ke kArane, janama gavAyoM sAra / / santoM kI bhakti evaM prema ke sambandha meM anya aneka bAteM bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| yathA - jaba taka viSayoM ke prati AkarSaNa banA rahatA hai vaha premasvarUpI bhagavAna hRdaya meM nahIM AtA aura jaba vaha mana meM basa jAtA hai to citta viSayoM se alipta ho jAtA hai - bikhai piyArI prIti sauM, saba hari ataMri naahiN| jaba aMtari harijI basaiM, taba vikhiyA sau citta nAhiM / ' bhakti se viSayoM kA tyAga aura viSayoM ke tyAga se bhakti sambhava hotI hai|' santoM ke anusAra bhakti zAstracarcA kA viSaya nahIM karanI yA AcAra kA viSaya hai / ' satsaMga ke binA bhAva utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura bhAva ke binA bhakti utpanna nahIM hotii|' santa nAma japa ko sabase bar3I sAdhanA mAnate haiM, lekina ve bhAva ko vaikalpika kabhI nahIM mAnate / bhAva agara na ho to rAma kahane se gati nahIM mila sakatI, usI taraha jaise khAMDa kahane se mu~ha mIThA nahIM hotA, Aga kahane se pA~va nahIM jalatA, jala kahane se pyAsa nahIM bujhatI, bhojana kahane se bhUkha nahIM miTatI aura dhana kahane se dAridraya nahIM jaataa| AdamI ke sAtha 1. kabIra granthAvalI, tivArI pRSTha 167:7 24 3. santa kabIra kI sAkhI pRSTha 41 4. kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pRSTha 157:30 5. raidAsa sansakAvya, pRSTha 214 : 6. kabIra santa kAvya pRSTha 188 : 46 7. santa kAvya, pRSTha 223:25

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : totA bhI rAma kA nAma letA hai to kyA vaha mukta ho jAtA hai ? nhiiN| ata: bhakti ke lie bhAva anivArya hai - paMDita vAda badai so jhtthaa| rAma kahe duniyA gati pAdai, khAMDa kahaiM mukha mIThA / / santoM kA hari taba prasanna hotA hai, jaba use prIti ke sAtha bhajA jaae| bhUkha ke binA jaise anna kA svAda nahIM milatA; usI taraha prIti ke binA bhakti besvAda hotI hai - prIti sahita je hari bhajeM, taba hari hohiM prsnn| . sundara svAda na prIti bina, bhUSa binA jyoM anna / santoM kI bhakti ke sambandha meM AcArya parazurAma caturvedI kA yaha kathana draSTavya hai - "santoM kI bhakti sAdhanA svabhAvataH nirguNa evaM nirAkAra kI upAsanA ke antargata AtI hai aura use "abheda bhakti" kA bhI nAma diyA jAtA hai; kintu unhoMne apane iSTa "sat" ko kore azarIrI vA bhAvAtmaka rUpa meM hI nahIM samajhA hai| unake tadviSayaka prakaTa kiye gae udgAroM se jAna par3atA hai ki use saguNa nirguNa se pare batalAte samaya unhoMne eka prakAra kA anupama vyaktitva bhI de DAlA hai| ve use sarvavyApaka rAma kahakara usakA vizva ke pratyeka aNa meM vidyamAna rahanA tathA sabhI ke rUpoM meM bhI dIkha par3anA mAnate haiN| isake sivAya ve use sadguru, pati, sAhaba, sakhA Adi bhI samajhate haiN| ina bhAvoM ke sAtha usake prati aneka prakAra kI bAteM kahA karate haiN| ve usameM dayAdAkSiNyAdi guNoM kA Aropa karate haiN| pratyakSa na hone para viraha ke bhAva vyakta karate haiM aura usase mukti kI yAcanA bhI kiyA karate haiN| phira bhI ve kevala bhajana bhAva meM hI magna rahane vAle "bhakta" nahIM jAna pdd'te| apane vyaktigata jIvana meM sadAcAra-sambandhI sAmAjika niyamoM kA pAlana karanA bhI Avazyaka mAnate haiN| ve loga anAsakta pravRtti mArgI evaM karmaTha vyakti haiN|" bhaktimArga bhAva kI sAdhanA hai| aneka sAMsArika prapaMcoM meM par3A huA manuSya apane vAstavika "svabhAva ko bhUla jAtA hai| apane vAstavika svabhAva ko jAnanA ni:sandeha ati kaThina hai| hama jo nahIM haiM, use prakaTa karate phirate haiM; jo vAstava meM hai, usakI khuda bhI jAnakArI nahIM rkhte| kisI prakAra apane vAstavika bhAva yA svabhAva ko jAna lete, to saMsAra ke samasta pacar3e evaM kaSTa svayaM hI samApta ho jAte / apane bhAva ko jAnane ke lie samyak puruSArtha evaM

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kaThina sAdhanA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| saMsAra UparI AvaraNa ko hI pahicAnatA hai| guru kI kRpA, bhagavAna kA Agraha- anugraha, satsaMga kA prabhAva, apanA cintana-manana hameM batA sakatA hai ki UparI AvaraNoM ke bhItara hamArA apanA bhAva yA svabhAva kyA hai? jisa samaya apane "bhAva" kA jJAna ho jAtA hai arthAt "sva" kA hAna hone para "ra" kA jJA: marameva ho jAtA hai| "svabhAva kA jJAna hone para "parabhAva" yA "vibhAva" kA jJAna bhI ho jAtA hai| jo svabhAva dazA meM rahate haiN| ve bhole bhAva se raghurAI (Izvara) yA paramatattva ko pA lete haiN| "kahai kabIra jo rahe subhAI, bhaure bhAva mile rghuraaii|' jise svabhAva kI prApti ho gaI, AtmAnubhavarUpI bhakti mila gaI, use devaloka indraloka, tapaloka, satyaloka, nidhiloka, zivaloka, baikuMTha Adi loka tathA mokSa Adi paramapada bhI isI jindagI meM jIte jI upalabdha ho jAtA hai / yaha bhakti hI sahaja hai / isa bhakti ke milane para viSayatRSNA evaM mAyA kA apavAraNa hotA hai parantu yaha saba usa mAdhava viTThala yA rAma kI kRpA se hI sampanna hotA hai| yaha bhakti ahaM ke pUrNatyAga ekaniSThatA, indriyanigraha aura Izvara ke prati parAnurakti ke yoga se milatI hai| hari kI saMgati se Antarika moha aura zArIrika tApa donoM miTa jAte haiN| hRdaya meM usa paramabrahma ke prakara hote hI dina-rAta yA caubIsa ghaNTe kA sukha sahaja rUpa se prApta ho jAtA hai hari saMgati sItala mayA miTA moha tana saap| nisi bAsara sukha nidhi lahA jaba antari pragaTA Apa // * 5. vairAgyapUrvaka mAnavIya guNoM kA mahattva - jJAnapUrvakavairAgya yoga evaM bhakti ke lie Avazyaka hai| mana meM viSaya bhogoM ke prati AkarSaNa naSTa hue binA IzvarIya prema yA bhakti asambhava hai| saccA jJAna yA viveka hI vairAgya ko jAgRta karatA hai aura vairAgya dvArA hI vyakti bhagavadbhakti kI ora unmukha hotA hai| moha-mAyA para vijaya prApta kie binA vairAgya kI prApti asambhava hai aura vairAgya bhAva ke binA Izvara bhakti nahIM ho sakatI hai| jisa prakAra sAdhanA ke kSetra meM Atma pariSkAra aura brahma-sAkSAtkAra ke kSetra meM nAma japa, yogasAdhanA, vairAgya-bhAvanA, sadguru aura satsaMga kA mahattva santa sAhitya meM sarvatra dRSTigocara hotA hai| usI prakAra sAmAnya janasamAja ko kalyANa ke patha para agrasara karane ke lie kucha mAnavIya guNoM kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| ye mAnavIya guNa, jo mAnava ke vyaktigata aura sAmAjika jIvana meM unnAyaka haiM, hitakAraka 1. kabIra granthAvalI,tivArI pada 71 2. santa kAvya, pRSTha 394 : 9 3. kabIra granthAvalI,tivArI pada 43, pada 48, pada 198 4. vahI, pRSTha 170 sAkhI

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa haiM, vipatti ke kSaNoM meM duvidhA aura kiMkartavyavimUr3hatA ke kSaNoM meM mAnava ke lie sukha-santoSa dene vAle hote haiM / santa sAhitya meM inako apanAne, jIvana meM utArane para jora diyA gayA hai| satya, dayA, kSamA, santoSa Adi guNoM ko grahaNa karane tathA kAma, krodha, lobha, mada, moha Adi doSoM ko tyAgane kA upadeza santoM ne aneka prakAra se diyA hai / kabIra kahate haiM - 26 kAmI krodhI lAlacI, inase bhakti na hoya / bhakti kare koI sUramA, jAti varana kula khoya || ahaMkAra tathA krodha ko tyAjya batalAte hue kahA gayA hai - koTi karama lAgai rahai, eka krodha ke lAra / kiyA karAyA saba gayA, jaba AvA ahaMkAra / / mahAn vyakti ko kSamA dhAraNa karane kI preraNA dete hue kathana hai chimA bar3ena ko cAhie choTana ko utpAta / kahA bisnu ko ghaTi gayo, jo bhRgu mArI lAta | eka sthAna para kahA hai - "kuTila vacana sAdhu saha aura sauM sahA na jAya" / santa palaTUdAsa dayA kA mahattva batAte hue kahate haiM ki vahI pIra hai, jo dUsare kI pIra jAnatA hai - palaTU soI pIra hai jo jAne para pIra / jo para pIra na jAnaI, so kAphira bepIra / / santoSako sarvazreSTha dhana mAnA gayA hai| - godhana gajadhana vAjidhana aura stana thana khAna / jaba Avai santoSa dhana saba dhana dhUri samAna // P kAma-bhoga kA virodha karate hue kabIra ne kahA hai ki jisa taraha sUrya ke prakAza se sAmane rAtri kI sthiti asaMbhava hai, jJAna ke prakAza meM ajJAna kA rahanA asambhava hai / usI taraha jahA~ kAma prabala hai, vahA~ prema kI sthiti asambhava hai| jahA~ prema hotA hai, vahA~ kAma nahIM raha sakatA - bhAsai / sUra parakAsa tahaM raini kaha pAie raina parakAsa nahiM sUra jJAna parakAsa ajJAna tahaM pAie, hoya ajJAna tahaM jJAna nAsai //

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27 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kAma balavAna taha prema kaha pAie, prema jahaM hoya taha kAma nAhi / kahai kabIra yaha saMta vicAra hai samjha vicAra kara dekha maahiiN|' kAminI ke aMgo ke prati virakti hari meM anurakti kI pahalI zarta hai|' hari sAre aparAdha mApha kara sakatA hai kintu kAminI meM Asakti mApha nahIM kara sakatA / ' kAmiyoM ne handiya viSayoM ke svAda ke Nache bhakti ko bhI vikRta kara diyA hai| kAmI ko kitanA hI samajhAo kubuddhi nahIM jAtI, vaha nirantara viSa , (viSaya-vAsanA, jahara) kI talAza meM rahatA hai / amRta (bhakti sudhA) use pasanda hI nahIM AtA hai|' prema kA mArga vIroM kA mArga hai, kAyaroM kA nhiiN| priyA yA premI ke sAtha kone meM par3e rahakara mukti nahIM milatI, isake lie indriyoM se khule Ama jUjhanA par3atA hai / " mana se jUjhanA par3atA hai| kAma krodha se jUjhanA par3atA hai| jo zUra hai, vaha eka tarapha se lar3akara saba tarapha se lar3atA hai| parama priya saccAI se milatA hai, caturAI se nhiiN| use pAne ke lie lobha, lokAcAra, kAma, krodha aura ahaMkAra kA tyAga jarUrI hai - caturAI na caturabhuja pdd'ii| jaba lagi mana mAdhau na lgiau|' pariharU lobha arU lokAcArU / pariharU kAma krodha haMkArU / kahai kabIra jo rahe subhaaii| bhaure bhAva milai raghurAI / / 10 santoM ne duniyA kI caturAI ko acchI taraha se samajhA thA, ve use Aga lagAne lAyaka mAnate haiM / loga adhika se adhika dhana kamAne ko caturAI samajhate haiN| ve itanA dhana cAhate haiM ki svayaM bhI khAe aura agalI pIr3hiyoM kA vyavasAya bhI cala sake - jAroM maiM yA jaga kI cturaaii| rAma bhajana nahiM karata vAbare , jini yahu agata banAI // mAyA jori jori kare ikaThI.hama khaiheM larikA vyausaaii| so dhana cora mUsi lai jAvai , rahA sahA le jAI jNvaaii||" 1. kabIra : dvivedI pRSTha 259 : 37 2, kabIra granthAvalI,tivArI pRSTha 158 : 41 3. vahI pRSTha 233 : 13 4 . vahIM pRSTha 233 : 14 5. vahI pRSTha 234 : 21 6 . kabIra granyAvalI, tivArI pRSTha 179 : 6 7 vahI paSTha 180 10 vahI paSTha 1401 vahI paSTha 18 180:9 10. kabIra granthAvalI, tivArI pRSTha pada 77 11. kabIra granyAvalI, tivArI pada 164

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mahAkaSi bhUdharadAsa : dhanaprApti ke sambandha meM santa sundaradAsa kA yaha kathana ati mAnanIya hai - tu kucha aura vicArata hai nara, terA vicAra paryo hI rhegii| koTi upAya kare dhana ke hita, bhAga likhyo titano hI lahaigo / bhora ki sAMjha gharI pala mAMjha su, kAla acAnaka Aye rahaigo / rAma bhajyo na kiye kachu sukirita, sundara yUM pachitAI rahaigo / ' jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai - / gArI kerA gudakhulA, jara bhAguSma kI jA dekhata hI chipa jAyegA, jyoM tArA parabhAta / / 2 2 kabIra thor3A jIbanA, mAMDe bahuta madAna / sabahi ubhA meM lagi rahA, rAva raMka sulatAna / ' 3 kA mAMgU kucha thira na rhaaii| dekhata naina calA jaga jAI // eka lakhapUta savA lakha naatii| tA rAvana ghara diyA na bAtI / / lekA sA koTa samuda sI khaaii| tA rAvana kI khabara na pAI // 4 yaha tana kAMcA kuMbha hai liye phire thA saath| TapakA lAgA phUTiyA kachu nahIM AyA hAtha / / isa mAnava zarIra ko pAkara caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM punaH puna: cakkara na khAnA pdd'e| ata: sampatti ke cakkara meM na par3akara bhagavadbhajana karanA hI zreyaskara hai| sahajobAI kA kathana hai - dhana jIvana sukha sampadA, vArada kI sI chaahiN| sahamo Akhira dhUpa hai caurAsI ke mAhiM / / caurAsI yoni bhugata, pAyo manuSya zarIra / saho cUke bhakti binu, phira caurAsI pIra / / palaTU sAhaba kA mAnava mAtra ke lie udbodhana hai - palaTU nara tana pAi ke, purakha bhajana raam| koU nA saMga jAyagA, suta dArA dhana dhAma // ' 1. sundaradAsa santabAnI saMgraha bhAga 1 2, kramAMka 2 se 7 santabAnI saMgraha bhAga 1

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 29 6. ahaMkAra yA mAna tathA viSaya-tRSNA kA tyAga * santoM kA sahaja nirguNa brahma yA rAma hai jo hRdaya kI pavitratA tathA citta kI nirmalatA ke sAtha indriya-viSayoM kI Asakti tathA ahaMkAra ke tyAga se prApta hotA hai / usa parama priya ko pAne kI pahalI zarta hai ApA (maiM yA ahaMkAra) kA nizzeSa bhAva se tyAga / kabIra ke anusAra ahaMkAra ke rahate hue hari nahIM mila sakatA / hari ke milane para ahaMkAra usI prakAra kSINa ho jAtA hai, jaise dIpaka ke dekhate hI andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai - jaba maiM thA taba hari nahIM, aba hari hai maiM nAhi / saba adhiyAroM miTi gayA, dIpaka dekhA pAhiM / ' santoM ke anusAra nirvANa pada pAne ke lie apane meM hI utpanna hone vAle mithyA garva, gamAna, mada, matsara Adi kA tyAga tathA vinamratA kA honA Avazyaka jhUThA garva gumAna taji, taji ApA abhimaan| dAdU dIna garIba havai, pAyA pada nirvANa // ' santa mAna yA ahaMkAra ko mAyA ke rUpa meM bhI svIkAra karate haiM ! dAdU ne isa mAna ko suSima yA sUkSma mAyA kahA hai aura batAyA hai ki dhana sampatti rUpI moTI mAyA ko to loga chor3a dete hai, para mAna- pratiSThA ko ve nahIM chor3a pAte haiN| ' kabIra bhI yahI mAnate haiM ki viSaya- tRSNArUpI mAyA to chor3a bhI dI jAtI hai, para mAna chor3ate nahIM bntaa| isa mAna ne bar3e-bar3e muniyoM ko bhI grasta kara rakkhA hai / yaha mAna sabhI ko khA jAtA hai| isIlie isa mAna-abhimAna ko chor3ane kA upadeza saMtoM ne paga-paga para diyA hai| santa viSaya-tRSNA ko bhI mAyA mAnate hue use mukti kI sAdhanA meM sabase bar3A bAdhaka mAnate haiN| tRSNA arthAt indriya viSayoM ke upabhoga se koI kabhI bhI saMtuSTa nahIM ho sakatA hai / tRSNArUpI agni to viSaya - bhogarUpI Idhana DAlane se uttarottara bar3hatI jAtI hai / sampUrNa saMsAra isa tRSNArUpI jvAlA meM jala rahA hai| 1. kabIra granthAvalI, pRSTha 166 sAkhI 1 2. dAdU, pRSTha 366 sAkhI 7 3. kabIra granthAvalI, pRSTha 330 sAkhI 18 4. kabIra granthAvalI, pRSTha 335 sAkhI 3 tathApa pRSTha 234 sAkho 14

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kabIra kahate haiM - trisnA agni pralaya kiyA, tRpta na kabahUM hoya / sura nara muni aura raMka saba bhasma karate hai soya / / ' jo vana meM jAkara indriyoM ke damana kI sAdhanA nahIM kara sakA, vaha viSayoM meM lipta rahakara kyA nirlipta rahegA ? jaba ucca zreNI ke sAdhaka sanaka sanaMdana, ziva, viraMci, aneka buddhimAna loga, yogI, jaTAdhArI Adi ' bhI isa tRSNA se nahIM baca sake to phira hIna koTi kA mAyAsakta saMsArI isase kaise baca sakatA hai ? pariNAma yahI hotA hai ki paMcakAra guNoM ke mukA abhe) ke samarthaka sahaja sahaja kahate rahate haiM aura "suta bita kAmini kAma" ke pIche behatAzA bhAgate rahate haiM - sahaja sahajai saba gae, suta bita kAmini kaam| ekameka havai mili rahara, dAsa kabIrA raam||' parantu santa use sahaja kahate haiM; jisameM viSayoM kA tyAga ho - sahaja sahaja saba koI kahai, sahaja na cInheM koI / jina sahajai bikhiyA tajI, sahaja kahAvai soii||* AzA-tRSNA ko jo chor3a nahIM sakA use santoM ne kabhI sukhI rUpa meM nahIM dekhaa| indriya-viSayoM kA tyAga, kAma, krodha, lobha, moha Adi se virakti bhautika sukhoM ke parityAga binA koI kabhI saccA sukha-zAnti prApta nahIM kara sakA / ata: santoM ne isake tyAga kI preraNA dI hai| 7. nArI ke vAsanAtmaka rUpa kI nindA - santoM ne jahA~ eka ora viSaya - bhoga kI nindA kI hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora viSaya bhoga kA nimitta sAdhana yA sAmagrI strI kI bhI kaTu AlocanA kI hai| santa jahA~ eka ora kAma krodhAdi ko tyAjya batalAte haiM, vahA~ dUsarI ora ve unake sAdhanoM ko bhI heya prarUpita karate haiN| 1. kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pRSTha 25 2 bahI pRSTha 25 pada 43 3. vahI pRSTha 243 sAkhI 3 4. vahI sAkhI

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana saMta strI ko kAlI nAgina mAnate haiN| jo tInoM lokoM ke viSayiyoM ko khA jAtI hai. - kAminI kAlI nAginI, tIni loka majhArI / rAma sanehI Ubarai, viSaI khAe jhAri // 1 nArI bhakti, mukti aura jJAna- tInoM ko naSTa kara detI hai 2 nAri nasAvai tIna guna, jo jana pAsa hoI / bhagata mukati nija jJAna meM, paisi na sakaI koI // strI apanI ho yA dUsare kI, usakA bhoga karane vAlA sIdhe naraka jAtA hai nArI parAI ApanI, bhugateM narakahiM jAI / 3 Agi Agi saba eka hai tAmaiM hAtha na bAhi // kAminI ke aMgoM se virakti Izvara meM anurakti ke lie ati Avazyaka haiM kAmini aMga arata bhae rata bhae hari nAMUM / sAthI gorakhanAtha jyoM, amara bhae kali mAhiM // 4 strI jagata kI jUThana hai| vaha acche bure kA antara spaSTa karatI hai- jo loga usase pRthak rahate haiM, ve uttama haiM aura jo usake sAtha krIr3A karate haiM, ve nimna haiM jorU jUThani jagata kI, bhale bure kA biic| uttima te alagA rahai, mili kheleM te nIca / / S hari anya aparAdhoM ko kSamA bhI kara dete haiM, parantu kAmI ke lie unake pAsa koI sthAna nahIM - aMdhA nara cete nahIM, kaTai na saMse mUla / aura gunaha hari bakasa hai, kAmI DAla na mUla / " 31 santoM ke anusAra kAma pratyakSa kAla hai, apAra zakti vAlA yoddhA hai| aura jaba yaha zarIra meM umagatA hai, to jJAniyoM ko bhI caMcala banA detA hai - kAma nahIM yaha kAla hai, kAma aparbala vIra / jaba umagata hai deha meM, jJAndina 1. kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pRSTha 232 sAkhI 12 3. vahI pRSTha 233 5. vahI pRSTha 234 sAkhI 20 7. paMcagranthI pRSTha 298 karata adhIra / / 7 2. vahI sAkhI 7 : 4. vahI pRSTha 158 41 6. vahI pRSTha 233 23

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : isa kAma ne kisa kisa ko nahIM ThagA ? sanaka sanandana, ziva, zukadeva, brahmA, vidvAna loga jogI, jaTAdhArI sabhI isake sAmane parAsta ho gye| vaise to sabhI indriyoM ke viSayoM kA grahaNa kAma ke antargata hotA hai, parantu apane viziSTa artha meM yaha strI-puruSa viSayaka Asakti kA sUcaka hai / santa isa kAma ke kaTTara virodhI haiM / ve mAnate haiM ki jisane isa kAma ko jIta liyA vahI jJAnI aura siddha hai| yaha kAma vijaya hI saralatA dene vAlI hai| cUMki strI kAma kI preraka evaM sahAyaka hai; ata: santoM ne use mAyA svarUpa kahakara viSa kI beli, naraka kA dvAra Adi prarUpita karate hue usakI tIvra AlocanA kI hai| prAya: sabhI santoM ne strI ko kAma kA sAdhana svIkAra kara usake prati nindAparaka dRSTikoNa apanAyA hai| 8. mAyA kI nindA - santoM ne mAyA zabda ke prayoga dvArA viSaya tRSNA, kAmaparatA, kanaka kAminI, dhana-mAna, ahaMkAra, lAbha, moha, svArtha, satva, raja, tama Adi aneka arthoM kA bodha karAyA hai| ve mAyA ke vidyA avidyA, sat-asat tathA anirvacanIya jaise bhedoM ke cakra meM na par3akara uparyukta arthoM kA vAcaka mAnakara hI use apanI siddhi meM bAdhaka svIkArate hue use tyAgane kI preraNA dete haiN| sthUla rUpa meM ve laukika aura AdhyAtmika utkarSa ke mArga kI hara choTI-bar3I bAdhA ko mAyA kaha dete haiM / santoM ke anusAra jagata inhIM hInatara AsaktiyoM kA pariNAma hai| jIva inhIM ke bandhanoM se baMdhe haiN| ye saba hI jIva ko sahaja nahIM hone dete / nirvANa meM yaha sabase bar3I bAdhA hai / viSaya-tRSNA ke artha meM mAyA kA prayoga bahutAyAta se huA hai| DaoN. rAjadevasiMha kA kathana hai ki - "santa sAhitya meM mAyA ke lagabhaga 95 pratizata prayoga viSayAsakti ko hI mAyA mAnane-manavAne kA Agraha karate haiN|" santoM ne kAminI ke lie bhI mAyA zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| kAminI ke rUpa meM mAyA mohinI hai| jJAnI-ajJAnI sabako vaha moha letI hai| aise khIMca-khIMca kara bANa mAratI hai ki bhAgane para bhI nahIM chodd'tii| kabIra kanaka aura kAmanI ko viSaphala mAnate haiM,jinake khAne se to mauta ho hI jAtI hai; parantu 1. kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pRSTha 43 pRSTha 77 2. paMcagranthI pRSTha 299 sAkhI 77 3. kabIra granthAvalI vivArI pRSTha 242 sAkhI 3 4. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA-DaoN. rAjadeva siMha pRSTha 213 5 . vahI pRSTha 213 6. kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pRSTha 235 sAkhI 4

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 33 dekhane mAtra se viSa car3ha jAtA hai| sAtha hI ve kahate haiM ki mugdha manuSya kanaka - kAminI rUpI kAlapAza ko vaise hI dekha nahIM pAtA; jaise oNkhoM ke sAmane jalatI huI Aga ko mohapAza meM ba~dhA huA pataMgA dekhakara bhI nahIM dekha pAtA aura usameM kUdakara jala maratA hai| ' dAdU kanaka aura kAminI ko mAyA kA pratyakSa vigraha mAnate haiN| unake mata se yaha sarpiNI mAyA hI kanaka kAminI banakara sabako iMsatI phiratI hai| brahmA, viSNu maheza bhI isa kanaka - kAminI kI tRSNA se achUte nahIM hai|' dhana sampatti ke artha meM mAyA zabda kA paryApta prayoga huA hai| udAharaNArtha - 1 mAyA jori jori karai ikaThI, hama khaiheM larikA vyausaaii| sI dhana cora mUsi le jAvai, rahA sahA le AI javAI // 2 yaha mAyA kahu kauna kI, kAkai saMga lAgI re / gudarI sI uThi jAigo, cita ceti abhAgI re|| 3 dhana ke anye Api na bUjhAhu, kAhi bujhAvahu bhaaii| pAyA kArani vidyA becahu, janama abirathA jAI / ' kucha santoM ne mAyA kA prayoga aneka arthoM meM eka sAtha hI kiyA hai| udAharaNa ke lie sundaradAsa kA eka prayoga draSTavya hai : ghara meM bahuta bhaI mAyA taba tau na phUlyo aMga smaayaa| bahuri triyA sauM bAdhI mAyA sundara chA~Di jagata kI mAyA // ' isameM mAyA kramaza: dhanasampatti, prema evaM prapaMca ke artha meM prayukta huI hai| isI prakAra dAdU dhana-sampatti ke lie moTI mAyA tathA mAna- pratiSThA ke lie sUkSma mAyA kA prayoga karate haiM 1. vahI pRSTha 233 :9 2. vahI pRSTha 39 pada 67 3. dAdU pRSTha 249 sAkhI 41 4. kabIra granthAvalI, tivArI pada 164 pRSTha % 5. vahI pada 96 pRSTha 191 6. vahI pada 111 pRSTha 191 7. santa sudhAsAra, prathama khaNDa pRSTha 608 sAkhI 4

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34 moTI mAyA taji gae, sUcima lIe jai / dAdU ko chUTai nahIM, mAyA bar3I balAI / ' kAma, krodha, aura ahaMkAra ke artha meM kabIra ne mAyA kA prayoga kiyA hai--- "mAdhau kaba karihau dAyA / kAma, krodha haMkAra vipai nAM chUTe mAyA" 2 santa sAhitya meM AzA, tRSNA, lobhAdi ke artha meM mAyA kA prayoga hotA hai - thAkai naina svana suni thAke, thAkI suMdari kAyA / jAmana maranA ye doi thAke, eka na thAkI mAyA / / 3 ahaMkAra ke lie bhI mAyA kahA gayA hai mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : - "maiM arU mora, tora tauM mAyA, jaihi basa kone jIva nikAyA" 4 isa prakAra santoM ne mAyA ko mahAThaginI mAnate hue nAgina, sA~pina, bhujaMgI, caNDAlI, vezyA, bAlavidhavA yA bAlaraNDA, bilAI, vilaiyA Adi aneka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| 7 santoM ke mAyA sambandhI vicAra paryApta rUpa meM advaita vedAnta se prabhAvita hai| dAdU ne mAyA ko samajhAte hue brahma ko satya aura jagata ko mithyA mAnane vAlI advaita vedAntI dhAraNA kA pUrI taraha nirvAha kiyA hai| 'kabIra ne bhI mAyA ko kabhI zuddha advaita vedAntiyoM kI taraha, ' to kabhI vallabha ke zuddhAdvaita aura nimbArka ke dvaitAdvaitavAdI vedAnta kI taraha citrita kiyA hai| saMta rajjaba ne zAMkara advaita kI hI taraha mAyA ko asat kahA hai aura saMsAra ko mAyAdarpaNa meM brahma kI chAyA batAyA hai| " sAtha hI mAyA ke viSaya meM bAteM pANDitya evaM buddhivAda se bojhila nahIM haiM aura isIlie ve sahI arthoM meM vedAntI bhI nahIM B 1. santa suSAsAra, prathama khaNDa pRSTha 3300 sAkhI 18 2. kabIra granthAvalI, tivArI pRSTha 22 pada 36 6. dAdU pRSTha 234-235 sAkhI 82-91 7. kabIra granthAvalI, tivArI pada 67 tathA 76 8. vahI pada 57 9. sanva sudhAsAra, prathama khaNDa pRSTha 514 3. vahI pRSTha 52 pada 88 4. vahI pRSTha 214 pada 32 5. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA - DaoN. rAjadeva siMha pRSTha 225 se 228 taka

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 35 hai|' mannoM kI galiyoM meM prApta prAmA sambandhI vicAroM meM bahudhA mAyA ko jhUThI, tattvazUnya aura AnI jAnI kahakara heya kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI Izvara ko paramasatya mAnakara use upAdeya kahA gayA hai - dAdU janama gayA saba dekhatAM, jhUThI se saMga laagi| sA~ce prItama ko mileM bhAgi sakai tau bhAgi // 2 isa prakAra santoM ne mAyA zabda kA aneka arthoM meM prayoga karate hue paryApta nindA kI hai| 9. guru kA mahattva - sAdhaka ke jIvana kA paramoddezya brahma sAkSAtkAra hai / brahma-sAkSAtkAra kA mArga prazasta karane vAlA, sAMsArika vighna bAdhAoM se bacAne vAlA mana para niyantraNa karane kA upAya batAne vAlA, ajJAnarUpI andhakAra ko dUra karane vAlA tathA saccA jJAna dene vAlA guru hI hai| vaha jJAnapradAtA sadguru kisI se bhI tulanIya nahIM hai| prAcIna sAhitya se lekara santa kAvya taka sadguru kI mahimA kA aTUTa gAna haA hai| Aja bhI sarvatra garu mahimA ke sambandha meM sunA jAtA hai - gubrahmA gururviSNuH , guru devo mahezvaraH / guruH sAkSAtparaM brahma tasmai zrI gurave namaH // kabIra to guru ko Izvara se bhI bar3A mAnate hue kahate haiM guru govinda dou khar3e, kAke lAgU paay| balihArI guru ApakI,jina govinda diyA batAya // ' sAtha hI ve kahate haiM -guru kI mahimA kA koI anta nahIM hai arthAt unakI mahimA ananta hai, unhoMne mere Upara ananta upakAra kiyA hai| kyoMki unhoMne mere agaNita jJAna cakSuoM ko kholakara asIma brahma kA darzana karAyA hai(1) sataguru kI mahimA ananta, ananta kiyA upakAra / locana ananta uyAr3iyA, ananta dikhAvaNahAra / / * 1. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA - DaoN. rAjadeva siMha pRSTha 231 2. dAdU pRSTha 27:46 3. kabIradAsa, santa sudhAsAra sAkhI 14 pRSTha 120 4. kabIra pranyAvalI gurudeva ko aMga pRSTha 1 (cauthA saMskaraNa)

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36 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: guru kI mahimA sacamuca avarNanIya hai - dharatI saba kAgada karU lekhani saba bana jaay| sAta samaMda kI masi kara, guru-guna likhA na Aya / / kabIra kahate haiM ki maiM to ajJAna se bharI laukika mAnyatAoM aura pAkhaNDayukta veda ke pIche calA jA rahA thA ki sAmane se sadagaru mila gaye aura unhoMne jJAna kA dIpaka mere hAtha meM de diyA" - pI? lAge jAi thA, loka veda ke saathi| Age caiM sataguru milyA, dIpaka dIyA hAthi / / ' sundaradAsa ke dayAlu guru ne to paramAtmA kA darzana bhI karA diyA hai - paramAtama soM AtamA, jude rahe bhukaal| sundara melA kara diyA, sadguru mile dyaal|| dAdU ko gurudeva ke AzIrvAda yA prasAda se agAdha Agama ke darzana hue hai dAdU gaila mAhi gurudeva milyA, pAyA hama parasAda / __ mastaka mere kara gharayA, dekhyA agama agAdha // " sAtha hI ve bhakti-mukti kA bhaMDAra milanA tathA bhagavAna ke darzana honA bhI sadguru ke milane para hI mAnate haiM - sadguru mile to pAiye, bhakti mukti bhNddaar| ___ dAdU sahajai dekhie, sAhiba kA dIdAra / / * garIbadAsa sadguru ko pArasarUpa batAte haiM ; jo sAdhaka ziSya ko kSaNa mAtra meM svarNa banA detA hai - sataguru pArasa rUpa hai hamarI lohA jaat| palaka bIca kaMcana kare, palaTe piNDA gAta / / sadguru Upara se daNDita bhI karatA hai tathA andara se hAtha kA sahArA dekara nirmANa aura unnati kA patha bhI prazasta karatA hai 1. kabIra granthAvalI (gurudeva ko aMga) pRSTha 2 sAkhI 11 2. sundara darzana, DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita ilAhAbAda pRSTha 177 3. santa sudhAsAra dAdU pRSTha 449 sAkhI 1 4. santa darzana dAdU gurudeva ko aMga pAda TippaNI 3 pRSTha 22 DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita sAhitya niketana kAnapura

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 37 guru kumhAra sipa kuMbha hai gaDhi gaDhi kADhe khott| andara hAtha sahAra de bAhara bAhai coTa / / kavIra kI dRSTi meM sadguru vahI hai jo zabdabANa ko saphalatApUrvaka calA sake aura jisake lagate hI ziSya kA mohajAla vidIrNa ho jAya - sataguru laI kamANa kari, bAhaNa lAgA tIra / eka ju bAhyA prIti sU, bhItarI rahyA sriir||1 sadguru ne aisA andarUnI ghAva kiyA hai ki sAdhaka andara se cUra cUra ho gayA arthAt usakA ahaMkAra bhItara se naSTa ho gayA - sataguru sA~cA sUramA, nakha sikha mArA puur| bAhara ghAva na dIsaI bhItara cakanAcUra // palaTU sAhaba gururUpI jahAja se bhavasAgara pAra honA mAnate haiM - __bhavasAgara ke tarana ko palaTU santa jahAja isa prakAra sampUrNa santa sAhitya meM sadguru kI mahimA bahuvidha varNita 10. satsaMga kA mahatva - santa sAhitya meM jahA~ sadaguru kA mahattva hai, vahA~ satsaMga kI bhI mahimA hai / sadguru aura satsaMga kI mahimA ke prakhyApana meM saguNa bhaktoM aura nirguNa santoM meM koI bheda nahIM hai| satsaMga se kupravRttiyoM para AdhAta hokara satpravRttiyoM kA mArga prazasta hotA hai aura vyakti samyak unnati ke patha para ArUr3ha hotA hai / santoM kI saMgati nimiSa mAtra meM karor3oM aparAdhoM ko naSTa kara detI hai - eka ghar3I AdhI ghar3I, AdhI hU~ se aadh| kabIra saMgata sAdhu kI, kaTe koTi aparAdha / / santoM kI saMgati ati durlabha hai, tabhI to santa garIbadAsa kahate haiM ki paNDita aura jJAnI to saMsAra meM ananta haiM, kintu sAdhu santa virale hI milate haiM paDita koTi ananta haiM jJAnI koTi ananta / zrotA koTi ananta hai virale sAdhU santa // 1. kabIra granthAvalI (gurudeva ko aMga) pRSTha 2 sAkhI 11 2, santa sudhAsAra, palaTUsAhana, guru kA aMga, dillI dUsarA khaNDa) pRSTha 267 sAkhI 16

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : . kabIra kA kathana hai ki cAhe dAridray bhoganA par3e, rUkhA sUkhA khAne ko mile, phira bhI sAdhu kI saMgati malI hai tathA vaibhava aura acche bhojana ke sAtha bhI durjanoM kA saMga ThIka nahIM haiM kabIra saMgata sAdhu kI, jau kI bhUsI khaay| khIra khAMDa bhojana mile, sAThaka saMga na jAya / 11. sahaja sAdhanA - sabhI santa sahaja sAdhanA ke pakSadhara the, parantu unakI sahaja sAdhanA siddha yogiyoM aura nAthapaMthiyoM kI sahaja sAdhanA se pRthaka hai| jahA~ siddha yogI yA sahaja yAnI paMca kAmaguNoM arthAt paMcendriyaviSayoM ko bhogate hue mukti mAnate haiM / 'vahA~ santoM kA mAnanA hai ki viSayatRSNA soMcane se bujhatI nahIM, balki aura adhika bar3hatI jAtI hai| siddha unmukta bhoga ke samarthaka the, parantu kabIra ne sarvaprathama tatkAlIna samAja dvArA svIkRta mukta indriyopayoga vAle sahaja kA virodha kiyaa| siddhoM ke lie jo sahaja thA, saMto ke lie vahI asahaja thaa| siddhoM kA sahaja "mahAsukha" hai, jo paMca kAmaguNoM ke bhoga se prApta hotA hai / jabaki santoM kA sahaja rAma hai; jo citta kI nirmalatA, indriya-viSayoM kA tyAga aura ahaMkAra ke kSaya se prApta hotA hai / santa kabIra use hI sahaja kahate haiM ; jisameM viSayoM kA tyAga ho---- (1) sahajai saha. saba gae. suta bita kAmini kAma / ekameka hdai mili rahA, dAsa kabIrA rAma // ' (2 ) * sahaja sahaja saba koI kahai sahaja na bonhai koii| jihiM sahajai vikhayA tajI, sahaba kahAvai soii||' isa prakAra santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA meM viSayabhogajanya kaSToM, saMgharSoM evaM durUhatAoM se hamezA ke lie chuTakArA mila jAtA hai| 12. sahaja samAdhi - santoM ke anusAra prabhu ke nAmasmaraNa meM nirantara sthita honA hI sahaja samAdhi hai / sahaja samAdhi vaha dhyAna kA samAdhi hai; jisameM kAyakleza dvArA apane Apako vizeSa prakriyAoM se sAdhita karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| isa sthiti meM zuddha antaHkaraNa kI svAbhAvika zakti prakaTa ho jAtI . . .... . 1, paMcakAmaguNeSoarhi (arU) nnicintdhinnehi| __ ejvelanpaNa parama para kimbahubolliyehiM / dohAkoSa gIti dohA 144 tathA 48 2. tasnA sIMcI na bujhe,dina-dina bar3hatI jAya / kabIra granthAvalI, tivArI, pRSTha 236 sAkhI 13 3. kabIra granthAvalI,tivArI, pRSTha 242 sAkhI 1 4, vahI sAkhI 3

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 39 hai jisameM kRtrimatA svata: vilIna ho jAtI haiN| isameM dainika jIvana ke pratyeka kArya ko brahma upAsanA kA hI aMga samajhA jAtA hai aura duHkhavihIna manaH sthiti bana jAtI hai| kabIra kahate haiM - sAdhoM sahaja samAdhi bhlii| gurupratApa jA dina so jAgi dina dina adhika clii| jahA~ tahA~ DoloM so parikaramA, jo kachu karau so sevA / jaba sAMvoM taba karauM daNDavata, pUjI aura na devA // kahauM so nAma sunauM so sumirana, khAvauM pIvauM so puujaa| giraha ujAr3a eka samalekho, bhAva miTAvoM. dUjA / / AMkha na mUdau, kAna na rUdho, tanika kaSTa nahi dhaarau| khuleM naina pahicAnau, ha~si ha~si sundara rUpa nihaarau|| kAyika aura mAnasika kleza kA sahaja samAdhi meM koI sthAna nahIM hai - kAhe ko kalapata phirai, dukhI hoya bekAra / sahajai sahajai hoigA, jo raciyA karatAra // sahajobAI kI preraNA hai - aisA sumirana kIjie, sahaja rahe lo lAya / khinu jibhyA bina tAluvai, antara surati lgaai|| santoM ke mata se sahaja sAdhanA evaM sahaja samAdhi ke lie mana ko mAra lenA yA vaza meM kara lenA pramukha hai| viSaya grahaNa kA mUla adhiSThAna mana haiN| yaha mana viSayoM ke svAda meM par3akara aneka karma karatA hai| matta mana ko vaza meM karane ke lie ise zarIra ke bhItara ghera kara mAro, jaba bhI yaha AdezoM kI upekSA kare, aMkuza de dekara ise roko maimaMtA mana mAri ai manahIM mAhe gheri| jaba hI cAlai pIThi dai aMkusa dai dai pheri // viSayAnurAgI arthAt caMcala pravRtti vAlA mana jaba dhyAna kA abhyAsI ho jAtA hai to yaha nizcala aura nirmama hokara brahmasAdhanA meM sahAyaka bana jAtA hai / brahmasAkSAtkAra yA AtmAnubhUti meM yadi sAdhaka nirantara sthira raha sakatA hai to vaha sahaja samAdhi meM sthita ho jAtA hai| isameM haThayoga sAdhanA meM utpanna kAyA ke kleza kA niSedha kara sahaja bhAva se samAdhi kI sthiti prApti hone para

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mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : bala diyA jAtA hai| isa sahaja samAdhi meM manuSya saMsAra meM sAdhAraNa rUpa se rahate hue vidhi niSedhoM ke cakra meM par3ate hue jagata ke sabhI dRzyamAna padArthoM ke rUpa raMga ko, saundarya ko usa paramatatva kI hI abhivyakti samajhakara Anandita rahatA hai aura nirantara prabhu kA nAma japa karatA rahatA hai / santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA evaM santoM kI pUrvavartI sAdhanA ke sambandha meM DA. rAjadevasiMha kA yaha kathana mAnanIya hai - "santa mata ke udbhava ke kucha samaya pahale se hI bhAratIya sAmantI samAja kA DhA~cA DhIlA par3ane lagA thA aura dhIre-dhIre naI samAja vyavasthA rUpa lene lagI thii| sAmAjika DhA~ce meM ghaTita paritarvanoM ke kAraNa siddhoM dvArA kalpita aura samAja meM vyApaka rUpa se svIkRta Acarita mukta aura maryAdita bhogavAlA sahaja asahaja banatA gayA thaa| isa asahajatA ko sabase pahale aura sabase adhika sahI DhaMga se Adi saMta kabIra ne samajhA thA aura usake khilApha joradAra *AvAja uThAI thii| sAmantI samAja vyavasthA ke mRtamUlyoM aura AcAra vicAroM ko nirarthaka siddha karake, nae yaga ke anurUpa naI AcAra paddhati ko dRDhamUla pratiSThA dene vAloM meM santa sarvaprathama aura sarvAdhika saceSTa the / santoM ke samaya aura samAja ke lie siddhoM ko unmukta bhoga aura nAthoM kI haThasAdhanA donoM asahaja ho gae the|" Age ve likhate haiM - "sampanna logoM kI mukta bhoga bAlI asahajatA vipanna vargoM ke lie jisa taraha ghAtaka siddha ho sakatI hai, svecchA se viSayoM kA tyAga karane vAlI sahajatA usa taraha se sampanna vargoM ke lie ghAtaka na hokara anukUla hI siddha hotI haiM / ata: santoM ne jisa sahaja sAdhanA kA pracAra kiyA hai, vaha agrAhya kisI ke lie nahIM hai aura agara use apanA liyA jAe to sukhada sabhI ke lie hai; usI taraha jaise maktabhoga kI savidhA meM rahakara bhI agara koI viSayoM kA tyAga kara detA hai, mana ko ADambarahIna tathA pavitra banA letA hai to usakA lAbha hI lAbha hai|" santoM kI sahaja samAdhi ke sandarbha meM AcArya parazurAma caturvedI kA nimnalikhita kathana bhI ullekhanIya hai - "santoM kI nAma smaraNa - sAdhanA isa prakAra japa kI vidhi ke svayaM niSpanna hote rahane ke kAraNa "ajapAjApa" ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa samAdhi kA nAma bhI isake yogAbhyAsiyoM dvArA prayAsa pUrvaka lagAyI jAnI vAlI "samAdhi" se bhinna hone ke kAraNa "sahaja samAdhi" kahalAtA hai|" 1. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA, DaoN. rAjadeva siMha pRSTha 10 2. vahI pRSTha 11 3, santa sAhitya kI rUparekhA, Akharya parazurAma caturvedI, pRSTha 52

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 13. yoga sAdhanA - santa kaviyoM ne yoga sAdhanA ko Izvara prApti kA eka anupama sAdhana mAnA hai / santa sundaradAsa ne yoga ke bhedoM kA savistAra varNana kiyA hai / nAthapaMthI yogiyoM kI sAdhanA paddhati haThayoga kI thI kintu santa kaviyoM ne aSTAMga yoga ko adhika mahattva diyA hai| santa haThayogiyoM kI taraha deha ko "saba kucha na mAnakara "kucha bhI nahIM mAnate haiN| santa zarIra ko sAdhyasiddhi kA sAdhana mAnakara bhI antata: ise anAvazyaka batalAte haiN| ve pratyeka zarIradhArI ko dukhI hI dekhate haiM . tana dhari sukhiyA koI na dekhA, jo dekhA so dukhiyA ho'1 anirvacanIya tattva kI prApti ke lie kuNDalinI zakti kI jAgaraNa kI AvazyakatA par3atI haiN| yaga vijJAna ke anusAra hamAre merudaNDa ke chaha cakroM meM sahastrAra cakra yA sahastradala kamala sabase Upara hai / mUlAdhAra cakra ke nIce kuNDalinI zakti sthita hai / prANAyAma kI sAdhanA se vaha zakti prabuddha hokara kramazaH vibhinna cakroM ko pAra kara sahastrAra cakra meM jAkara lona ho jAtI hai| sahastrAra cakra meM kuNDalinI zakti ke lIna hone para divya Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai / kabIra ne sahastradala kamala meM jharane vAle amRta kA pAna karane kA bArambAra upadeza kiyA hai - avadhU gagana maNDala ghara kiijai| amRta jharai sadA sukha upajai baMka nAva rasa kIjai // mUla bAMdhi sara gagana samAdA suSumana yoM tana laalii| kAma krodha doU bhayA palItA tahAM jogaNI aagii|| manavAM jAya darIbai baiThaka magana bhayA rasi laagaa| kahai kabIra jiya saMsA nAhI sabada anAhada bAgA // yahA gagana maNDala se tAtparya sahastradala kamala (brahma nivAsa), baMkanAla = vakra candramA (amRtAgAra) jogaNI = kuNDalinI zakti / kAmakrodhAdi ke bhasma hone para kuNDalinI zakti jaga jAtI hai aura mana rasamagna ho jAtA hai| santoM kI yoga sAdhanA ke sambandha meM DaoN. nagendra dvArA sampAdita "hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa" kA nimnalikhita kathana draSTavya hai ___ "santa (kaviyoM) sAdhakoM meM eka varga aisA hai jo yoga sAdhanA se pUrNatayA prabhAvita hai / soha, haMsa, iMgalA, piMgalA, suSumnA, surati, nirati Adi kA ullekha 1. kabIra granthAvalI, tivArI, pRSTha 53 pada 90 2. kabIra granthAvalI pada 70

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : to sabhI ne kiyA hai| parantu haThayogI sAdhanA kI sUkSmatAoM kA jJAna aura anubhava kabIradAsa, sundaradAsa tathA haridAsa niraMjanI ko vizeSa rUpa se thaa| unhoMne sAmAnya janatA ke lie sahaja sAdhanA kA vidhAna kiyA hai tathA viziSTa sAdhakoM ko kuNDalinI kI sAdhanA ke mArga para agrasara hone kA upadeza diyA hai| inake kAvya meM varNita yoga prakriyA anubhava samarthita hai| vaise haThayoga, dhyAnayoga, premayoga Adi yoga-vidhiyoM kA jitanA pustakIya evaM anubhUtimUlaka jJAna sundaradAsa ko thA, utanA anya kisI santa kavi ko nhiiN| dAdU, nAnaka raidAsa, jambhanAtha, sIMgA, bhISaNa, rajjaba, bAvarI sAhaba, malUkadAsa, bAbAlAla Adi kI sAdhanA paddhati meM yogatattva kI pradhAnatA nahIM hai| inhoMne kahIM - kahIM surata-yoga, zabda yoga Adi kA ullekha to kiyA hai kintu utanI antaraMgatA aura Agraha ke sAtha nhiiN|" 1 ____14. rahasyavAda * santoM kI racanAoM kA uddezya apanI anubhUti kI abhivyakti karanA rahA hai / jaba kisI sAdhAraNa tathA indriyagata anubhava ko hI vyakta karanA ati kaThina hai to phira asAdhAraNa evaM indriyAtIta anubhava ko vyakta karanA to dussAdhya hai hii| aisI sthiti meM abhivyakti meM aspaSTatA A jAne ke kAraNa kavi kI racanA bahudhA rahasyamayI bana jAtI hai, taba usake paricita pratIkoM ke prayoga apUrva anubhava ke vidhAyaka bana jAte haiN| kisI bhI indriyAtIta vastu kA anubhava pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai, parantu pratIkoM kA AdhAra sAmAnyata: indriyagamya vastue~ hI banA karatI hai aisI dazA meM una donoM meM pUrNa sAmaMjasya kI samasyA bhI utpanna ho jAtI hai / "santoM ne aise pratIkoM ke prayoga bAra-bAra kiye haiM aura isa prakAra hamAre lie kucha aise citroM kA nirmANa karate Aye haiM, jo unakI ukta bhAvanA kA nyUnAdhika anukaraNa kara skeN| bhASA unheM isa kArya meM pUrI sahAyatA svAbhAvata: nahIM kara pAyI hai| isake lie unake jitane aise prayoga hue haiM, ve adhikatara doSapUrNa ho gae haiN| santoM ne jahA~-jahA~ svAnubhUti se bhinna bhinna viSayoM ke varNana kiye haiM, vahA~ vahA~ unakI pratibhA tathA abhyAsa ke anusAra bhASA, chanda evaM zailI meM bhI unheM barAbara saphalatA milatI gaI hai| vahA~ para unakI yogyatA spaSTa hI dIkhatI hai| anubhava kA artha hai pratyakSa jJAna / paramatattva kA pratyakSa jJAna arthAt 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa--- sampAdaka DaoN. nagendra pRSTha 131 2. santa sAhitya kI rUparekhA, AcArya parazurAma caturvedI, pRSTha 73

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana brahmAtmaka svAnubhUti meM AnandAtireka evaM bhAva vihavalatA ke kAraNa aisI apUrva sthiti bana jAtI hai ki jJAtA, jJAna, jJeya ekameka hote hue "majA" "svAda" yA Ananda rUpa meM pariNita ho jAte haiN| isa sthiti ko zabdoM dvArA vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai aura yahI sthiti "rahasyavAda" saMjJA se abhihita kara dI jAtI hai kyoM ki vyakta karane ke bAra-bAra prayatna karane para bhI vaha abhivyakta nahIM ho pAtI aura usakI abhivyakti pAThaka yA zrotA ko cakita karatI huI gUr3hatA yA jaTilatA utpanna karatI huI aspaSTa banI rahatI hai| santa kabIra ne usa dazA kA varNana nimnalikhita prakAra se kiyA hai avigata akala anupama dekhyA, kahatA kahA na aaii| saina karai mana hI mana rahasai gUgai jAni miThAI // Apai meM taba ApA nirakhyA, apana pai ApA suujhyaa| Apai kahata sunata puni apanA, apana maiM ApA buujhyaa||' santa ravidAsa ke anusAra isa dazA meM pUrNa zAMtimaya santoSa kI bhI sthiti A jAtI hai aura taba usa paramatattva viSayaka bhajanAdi taka kI bhI koI AvazyakatA nahIM raha jAtI hai| unakA kahanA hai / - gAi gAi abakA kahi gAI gAvanahAra ko nikaTa btaauuN| jaba laga hai yA tana ko AsA, taba laga kara pukaaraa| jaba mana milyau Asa nahiM tana kI, taba ko gAknahArA // ' santoM ke kAvya meM sAMketika bhASA aura pratIkoM kA pracura rUpa meM prayoga huA hai| santoM ke pratIkoM dvArA rahasyAnubhUti kI abhivyakti nimnAMkita prakAra se huI hai (1) cetana acetana kI samarasatA ke pratIka yathA - "jala meM kuMbha, kuMbha meM jala hai bAhara bhItara paanii"| (2) jIvana kI sAmAnya upayogitA vastuoM ke mAdhyama se ananta kI kalpanA yathA vAyu, jala, annAdi meM brahma, brahma kI sthiti kI kalpanA / santoM ke sahastradala kamala, sUrya, candra Adi isa prakAra ke pratIka haiN| (3) mAnavIya sambandhoM ke rUpa meM paramatattva kI kalpanA - yathA pitA-putra, 1, kabIra granthAvalI, kAzI nA.pra.sabhA pada 6 pRSTha 90 2. raidAsa kI bAnI, ve.pre.prayAga, pada 3 pRSTha 3

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : pati-patnI, svAmI-sevaka Adi sambandhoM kI kalpanA / prAya: sabhI santoM ne ina pratIkoM ko apanAyA hai| santoM ne vAtsalya, dAmpatya, sakhya bhAvoM sambandhI pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isake atirikta santa sAhitya meM aura bhI kaI prakAra ke pratIkoM kA prayoga huA hai| udArahaNArtha sAMketika pratIka, pAribhASika pratIka, saMkhyAmUlaka pratIka aura rUpAtmaka pratIka / anirvacanIya tattva jaba mana aura buddhi kA gI nigAya hI hai to phira vANI kA viSaya kaise ho sakatA hai ? ata: laukika mAdhyamoM se usa alaukika tattva kA varNana karate samaya vANI lar3akhar3A jAtI hai / vaha lar3akhar3AtI vANI ulaTI sIdhI-sI pratIta hone lagatI aura use ulaTavAMsI kahA gayA / santa kaviyoM ke pUrva gorakha ne aisI vANI ko "ulaTI caracA" nAma diyaa| kabIra ne ise "ulaTiveda" yA "ulaTaveda" kahA, palaTUsAhaba ne ise "ulaTAvatI" kA nAma diyaa| "ulaTavAMsI" zabda kA prayoga unnIsavIM zatAbdI meM santa tulasIsAhaba (hAtharasa vAle) ne kiyaa|' anya santoM ne ise akatha kathA, akatha kahAnI, acaraja khyAla, gupta mata kI bAta Adi zabdoM se abhihita kiyA hai / aisI bhASA saMdhAbhASA yA sandhyAbhASA kahI gayI hai / __ pratIkoM kA cayana jIvana ke vibhinna kSetroM - parivAra, vyavasAya, prakRti, pazu pakSI, jagata Adi se kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha - amRta varSA arthAt brahma sAkSAtkAra kI anubhUti ke lie amIrasa, mahIrasa Adi, AtmA ke lie haMsa, icchA yA kAmanA ke lie dhobina, jorU, bakarI Adi, kAla ke lie siMha, kuNDalinI ke lie ulaTI gaMgA, panihArina, saoNpina, jIvAtmA ke lie dulahina, panihArI, trikuTI ke lie ulaTA kuMA, gagana maNDala, triveNI Adi, brahma ke lie khasama, bApa, samudra aadi| santa sAhitya meM yoga ke kucha pAribhASika zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / jaise - ajapAjApa, anAhatanAda, amRta, unmanI avasthA, avadhU, ulaTI gaMgA, auMdhA kuMA, gagana maNDala, piNDa, brahmANDa, dIpaka, vivAha Adi / ajapAjApa vaha hai, jo zvAsa prazvAsa kI kriyA se hI Antarika japa prakriyA calatI rahatI hai, jIbha hilAne yA mAlA ke dAne ginane kI AvazyakatA nahIM rhtii| anAhata 1. hindI santa sAhitya- DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita pRSTha 19 2. vahI pRSTha 199-200 3. hindI santoM kA ulaTavAsI sAhitya-DaoN.bhAgIratha mizra pRSTha 4

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana nAda vaha divya saMgIta hai, jo sAdhaka ko siddhi ke kSaNoM meM brahmasAkSAtkAra se pUrva apanI AtmA meM sunAyI detA hai / auMdhA ku~A sahastrAra cakra meM dhyAnAvasthiti hai| dIpaka adhyAtma jJAna kA prakAza hai, jo sadguru se prApta hotA hai aura mAyA mohAMdhakAra ko miTA detA hai / piNDa kA artha sAdhaka kA zarIra aura brahmANDa kA artha svata: spaSTa hai hii| jo kucha brahmANDa meM hai, vahI sampUrNa dRzya piNDa meM bhI hai / vivAha kA artha jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA kA saMyoga yA milana hai| isa prakAra kI bhASA eka vizeSa prakAra kI manaH sthiti ko prakaTa karane vAlI hone se, svayaM meM vizeSa zabdAvalI rakhane ke kAraNa "sandhA yA sandhyA bhASA khlaayii| 5. viraha - AdhyAtmika virahAnubhUti kA santa sAhitya meM vizeSa mahattva hai ! IzvararUpI pati ko pAna karane ke lie sAdhaka kI AtmArUpI nArI ko kabhI-kabhI kAphI nirAzA pratIta hotI hai, viraha mahasUsa hotA hai| santa priya ke milana ke lie viraha ko Avazyaka mAnate haiN| haMsi hasi kanta na pAijhai, jina pAyA tina roii| hAsi khelAM piu mile, to nahIM duhAginI koii|| (kabIra granthAvalI tivArI pRSTha 143 sAkhI 38) jo viraha ko kaSTadAyaka mAnate haiM unake lie kabIra kA kathana hai ki viraha viraha kahakara cIkhanA bekAra hai, jisa zarIra meM viraha kA saMcAra nahIM huA vaha zmasAna kI taraha hai - . , birahA birahA mati kahau, virahA hai sultaan| jihi ghaTi viraha na saMcarai, so ghaTa sadA masAna // ' santoM ne virahAnubhUti kI abhivyakti aneka kalpanAoM ke dvArA kI hai| viraha meM prabhAvita azruoM ke lie rahaTa ke vyApAra kI, 'viraha pIr3ita bhakta ke netroM ke lie viraha kamaNDala hAtha meM liye virakta yogI kI, virahiNI nArI ke lie "jala bina machalI" kI, viraha ke lie bhujaMgama kI sundara kalpanAe~ kabIra ke dvArA kI gaI haiN| yaha viraha bhujaMga kabIra ke aMga aMga ko khA rahA 1. kabIra granthAvalI, tivArI pRSTha 143 sAkhI 16 2. santa sAhitya saMgraha bhAga -1 pRSTha 15/5 4. vahI pRSTha 14/1 3, vahI pRSTha 15/13 5. vahI pRSTha 159

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : hai| viraha jvara aisA tIvra hai ki vaha AThoM prahara zarIra ko vidagdha kie rahatA hai| viraha meM kabIra kA zarIra rakta, mAMsa rahita ho gayA hai / kabIra ke viraha meM itanI tIvratA hai ki vaha jisa vRkSa ke nIce zItalatA pAne ke lie baiThate haiM, vaha svayaM jala jAtA hai| 'dAdU kI virahiNI mauna aura zAnta hai / usakI dazA bar3I zocanIya aura dayanIya hai| priya kA patha dekhate dekhate usake keza zveta ho ge| sundaradAsa kI virahiNI jisameM se dhuMA bhI na nikaleM - isa prakAra andara hI andara jalakara bhasma ho jAnA cAhatI hai| dariyA sAhaba ne virahiNI AtmA ke vana vana bhaTakane kI kalpanA kI hai / vaha satat priyatama kI khoja meM anurakta rahatI hai / ' dariyA sAhaba (mAravAr3a vAle) ne viraha vyAkula AtmA ke lie aisI vyathA kI kalpanA kI hai ki usakA zarIra pIlA par3a gayA hai, mana kA mAdhurya samApta ho gayA hai, dina rAta nIMda nahIM AtI, bhUkha vilIna ho gaI hai|' ina santa kaviyoM ne jahA~ apane ajJAta priyatama ke prati Atmavibhora hokara viraha aura vyathA kA varNana kiyA hai, vahA~ rAgAtmaka tatva apanI pUrNa tanmayatA aura hRdayasparzatA ke sAtha sAkAra ho uThA hai / unake viraha ke padoM meM mIrA kI sI tanmayatA, sUra kI sI saralatA aura vidyApati kA sA saundarya hai / kabIra jaisA akkhar3a bhI viraha vedanA se trasta hokara sau sau A~sU bahAne lagatA hai| viraha bhAvoM kI tIvratA nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM draSTavya hai - (1) bahuta dinana kI jovatI, bATa tumhArI raam| jiva tarasai tujha milana ., mana nAhiM vizrAma / / (2) akhiyA~ to jhAI parI, paMtha nihAri nihAri / jIbhaDiyA~ chAlA par3ayA, nAma pukAri pukAri // Ai na sakauM tujha pai, sakU~ na tujjha bulAi / jiyarA yauhI lehuge, viraha tapAi tapAi / / tIvra viraha vedanA kI anubhUtiyoM ke anantara ina kaviyoM ke bhAvuka jIvana meM milana kI ghar3iyoM kA bhI Agamana hotA hai / ve apanA sArA pauruSa, sArA garva 1. santa sanI saMgraha bhAga - 1 pRSTha 17/27 2. vahI pRSTha 812 3. vahI pRSTha 109/2 2. vahI pRSTha 128/4 5. vahI pRSTha 145/5

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana evaM sArI apanara ko bhUlakara kisI ganI kizorI kI bali komalatA se gadgad, lAja se vibhora aura pyAra se vihvala ho uThate haiN| priyatama ke mahala kI ora agrasara hote hue unake paira sau -sau bala khAne lagate haiM, hRdaya meM taraha taraha kI zaMkAoM kA Andolana uThane lagatA hai - mana pratIta na prema rasa, nA isa tana meM ddhNg| kyA jANauM usa pIva sU, kaise rahasI raMga // anta meM madhura milana ke ve kSaNa bhI Ate haiM ; jaba ki usakI sArI zaMkAe~, sArI lajjAe~ aura samasta tarka vitarka rasa ke pravAha meM baha jAte haiM - joga-jugata rI raMga mahala meM, piya pAye anamola re| kahata kabIra Ananda bhayo hai, bAjata anahada Dhola re|| isa prakAra saMta kAvya meM zrRMgAra kI donoM avasthAoM - viraha aura saMyoga kA citraNa anubhUtipUrNa zabdoM meM huA hai| 6. AcaraNa yA vyavahAra kI mahattA tathA kathanI karanI kA aikya - santa AcaraNa yA vyavahAravAdI hai / unakI kisI vyakti, vastu , AsthA aura vizvAsa kI sabase bar3I kasauTI vyavahAra hai| kathanI kI apekSA karanI aura rahanI kA mUlya adhika hai| vyaktigata stara para manuSya kI pahacAna rahanI se hotI hai aura sAmAjika stara para usakI karanI se / yahI rahanI aura karanI-usake samasta antarbAhya AcAra ko rUpa detI hai| santa vicArahInatA ko utanA bar3A doSa nahIM mAnate, jitanA AcArahInatA ko| unakI sabasa ke lie eka mAtra kasauTI AcaraNa hI hai / jo vyakti kathanI aura karanI meM antara rakhate haiM unake lie kabIra kA kathana hai - (1) jaisI mukhaH nIkasai, taisI cAleM nAhi / mAnukha nahIM te svAna gati, bAMdhe jamapura jAhiM / ' (2) kathaNI kathI to kyA bhayA, je karaNA nA iharAi / kAlabUta ke koTa jyU, dekhata hI hi jAi / ' santoM ne kathanI aura karanI meM samAnatA kA pracAra kiyA / kathanI - karanI kI ekatA ke kAraNa hI unhoMne sAdhu santoM ko adhika sammAna kA pAtra ghoSita 1, kabIra granthAvalI,tivArI pRSTha 242 sAkhI 9

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48 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : karate hae AcaraNa yA vyavahAra kI zreSThatA para bala diyaa| sAtha hI mAtra kathanI karane vAle paMDitoM kI upekSA kii| paMDitoM kI kathanI tathA jJAna ke prati kabIra kI nimnAMkita paMktiyA~ ati mananIya haiM - (1) paMDita kerI pothiyA, jyoM tItara kA jJAna / aurana saguNa batAvahIM, Apana phanda na jaan|| (2) paMDita aura masAlacI, donoM sUjhai nAhi / aurana ko karai cAMdanA, Apa aMdhere mAhiM / / isI prakAra kabIra ne pustakIya jJAna kI nirarthakatA ko nimnalikhita zabdoM meM batalAyA hai - . pothI par3hi par3hi aga muA, paMDita bhayA na koy| DhAI Akhara prema kA, par3heM so paMDita hoy|| isa prakAra santa kathanI - karanI ke aikya ke samarthaka tathA AcaraNa yA vyavahAra ke pakSapAtI haiN| unakI rahanI ke viSaya meM DaoN. rAjadevasiMha kA yaha kathana draSTavya hai - "sahaja DhaMga se viSayoM ko chor3a denA hI santoM kI sahajatA hai| santa isI sahajatA ke pakSadhara haiN| spaSTa hai ki santoM kI sahajatA karanI aura rahanI kA viSaya hai| vaise kathanI kA viSaya yaha kabhI nahIM rhii| ....... santoM kA sahaja, unakI rahanI ko pAribhASita karatA hai / viSayAsakti kA tyAga, tana aura mana kI pavitratA, bhagavAna ke prati ekAntaniSThA, kathanI aura karanI kA abheda - santoM kI rahanI ke ye hI mUla AdhAra stambha hai / " 1 17. samanvaya evaM samAja sudhAra kI bhAvanA * pratinidhi santa kavi kabIra ke samaya deza kI rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, dhArmika Adi paristhitiyA~ vizeSa prakAra kI thii| dillI sulatAnoM ne hinduoM ke Upara atyAcAra kiye |logoN ko balAt musalamAna banAyA / samasta samAja meM maulaviyoM, mullAoM, paNDitoM tathA pAkhaNDI sAdhuoM kA jora thaa| dhArmika kSetra meM eka dUsare ke prati zatrutA bahuta gaharI hotI calI jA rahI thI / aise samaya meM kabIra ne hindU musalamAnoM meM ekatA sthApita karane, vibhinna dharmoM meM samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyA tathA samAja meM vyApta pAkhaNDa, rUr3hivAditA, jAtivAda va sAmpradAyikatA kA ghora virodha kiyA / 1, santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA- DaoN. rAjadeva siMha pRSTha 110

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eka samAlocanA adhyayana santa kaviyoM ke upadezoM meM vidhi aura niSedha donoM pakSoM kA samanvaya huA / jahA~ eka ora unhoMne nirguNa Izvara, rAma nAma kI mahimA, satsaMgati, bhakti bhAva, paropakAra, dayA, kSamA Adi kA varNana karate hue inakA samarthana pUre utsAha se kiyA hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora mUrtipUjA, dharma ke nAma para kI jAne vAlI hiMsA, tIrtha, vrata, rojA, namAja Adi dhArmika vidhi vidhAnoM, bAhyADambaroM, jAtipA~ti kA bhedabhAva Adi kI AlocanA karate hue DaTakara virodha kiyA hai| santa kabIra ne hinduoM aura musalamAnoM meM samanvaya karane kA pUrNatayA prayAsa kiyaa| kabIra ne jAtigata, vaMzagata, dharmagata, saMskAragata, vizvAsagata aura zAstragata rUr3hiyoM, paramparAoM tathA andhavizvAsoM ke mAyA jAla ko burI taraha chinna bhinna kara diyA thA / 49 jahA~ ve eka ora paNDitoM ko kharI khoTI sunAte haiM to dUsarI ora mullAoM kI kaTu AlocanA karate haiN| eka aura mUrtipUjA, tIrtha yAtrA Adi ko sArahIna batAte haiM, to dUsarI ora namAja, rojA, haja Adi kI nirarthakatA siddha karate haiN| ve kahate haiM are ina douna rAha na pAI / hinduna kI hinduAI dekho, turakana kI turakAI // mUrti pUjA ke prati kabIra kA kathana hai (1) duniyA aisI bAvarI, pAthara pUjana jAya / ghara kI cakriyA koI na pUjai, jehi kA pIsA khAya // pAhana pUjai hari mileM, to maiM pUjo pahAra / tAtai yaha cakkI bhalI, pIsa khAya saMsAra / namAja ke prati kabIra kahate hai - masjida laI banAya / kA~kara pAthara jori ke, tA caDhi mullA bA~ga de, kyA baharA huA khudAya // jAtivAda kA virodha karate hue kabIra ne kahA hai - (1) " jAti pA~ti pUche nahI koI, hari ko bhaje so hari kA hoi|" (2) jau tU vAmana bamanI jAyA, to Ana bATa havai kyoM nahIM aayaa| tU turaka turakanI jAyA, to bhItara khatanA kyoM na karAyA // jau (2)

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mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : kabIra hindU dharma aura islAma dharma tathA unake iSTadeva, vidhi, vidhAna Adi ko alaga-alaga nahIM mAnate haiN| unake anusAra hindU aura islAma dharma-donoM kA eka hI uddezya hai / mUla rUpa meM donoM eka hI hai parantu kahane sunane ke lie do haiM - gahanA eka kanaka te kahiye, tAmeM bhAva na dUjA / kahana-sunana kI dui kari rAkhI, ika namAja ika pUjA // kabIra ne mana-vacana-karma meM samanvaya karane kA upadeza dete hue bAharI ADambaroM kA virodha kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM - mAlA pherata juga gayA gayA na mana kA pher| kara kA manakA DAri de mana kA manakA phera / / isI prakAra zAstra jJAna kI nissAratA evaM anubhavajJAna yA IzvarIya prema kI mahattA ke bAre meM unakA kathana hai - pothI par3hi par3hi jaga muA, paMDita bhayA na koy| DhAI Akhara prema kA par3he so paMDita hoya / / santoM kI uparyukta pravRttiyoM ke sambandha meM bAbU gulAbarAya kA yaha kathana darzanIya hai - "madhyakAlIna hindI santa kaviyoM ke AcAra vicAra, unakA akkhar3apana aura khaNDana maNDana kI vRtti Adi sabhI paramparAgata hai / kabIra ne hindU vidhi vidhAnoM kA jo khaNDana kiyA athavA bAhyAcAra para atyanta nirmamatA pUrvaka prahAra kiyA hai, vaha na to musalamAnI joza thA aura na pracchanna rUpa se islAma pracAra kI bhAvanA kI upaja / unhoMne jo kucha kahA hai, usakI lambI paramparA thii| pustakIya jJAna ke prati upekSA, jAti-pAti kA virodha, bAhyAcAra ke prati anAsthA, dhArmika kaTTaratA evaM durAgraha ke prati Akroza kI bhAvanA, samarasI bhAva se svasaMvedana jJAna para jora, cittazuddhi para bala Adi kevala kabIra ke mastiSka kI upaja nahIM thI, apitu kisI na kisI rUpa meM ye sabhI bAteM kama se kama hajAra varSoM se calI A rahI thiiN|" 1 santoM kI viSaya vastu ke sambandha meM AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne eka sthAna para likhA hai - "nirguNa matavAdI santoM ke kevala ugra vicAra hI bhAratIya nahIM haiM ; unakI samasta rIti-nIti, sAdhanA, vaktavya, vastu ke upasthApana kI praNAlI, chanda aura bhASA purAne bhAratIya AcAryoM kI dena hai|" 1. hindI kAvya vimarza, gulAbarAya pRSTha 32 2. hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA, AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 28

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana santa sAhitya kI zailIgata yA kalApakSa sambandhI vizeSatAe~ santoM ke lie kAvya eka sAdhana hai. sAdhya nhiiN| santoM ne hRdaya kI satyAnubhUti ko abhivyakta karane ke lie kAvya ko mAdhyama bnaayaa| isa abhivyakti meM ve kAvya ke samasta bahiraMga upAdAna rasa, chanda, alaMkAra Adi bisara gye| cU~ki santa kavi aura kavi karma ko heya mAnate the| ata: unhoMne kAvya saundarya kI abhivRddhi hetu kRtrima sAdhanoM kI bhI upekSA kI / yadyapi unhoMne saprayAsa alaMkArAdi kA prayoga nahIM kiyA kintu phira bhI santa kAvya meM rasa, chanda, alaMkArAdi svataH A gaye haiN| isa sambandha meM AcArya parazurAma caturvedI kA kathana draSTavya hai - ___ "isake racayitAoM kA dhyAna jitanA varNya viSaya kI ora hai, utanA inakI racanA zailI kI ora nhiiN| yahIM isa sAhitya kI eka pramukha vizeSatA bhI hai|| bhASA - sundaradAsa ko chor3akara prAya: sabhI santa kavi azikSita yA ardhazikSita the| sAtha hI pichar3I huI jAtiyoM tathA parivAroM meM samutpanna hue the; ata: inakI bhASA sarala, kRtrimatArahita, bhAvAnukUla, jana sAdhAraNa ke upayukta, kahIM kahIM apariSkRta, vyAkaraNa ke doSoM se yukta sAdhAraNa koTi kI hai| santa kavi bhramaNazIla the| ata: unakI bhASA prAdezika bhASAoM yA boliyoM ke apratyakSa prayoga se svAbhAvika rUpa se mizrita bhASA ho gaI, jise vidvAna "sadhukkar3I" yA "khicar3I bhASA" kahate haiN| sAtha hI santoM ne apane mata ko, vicAroM ko yA anubhUtiyoM ko janapriya banAne ke lie kSetrIya bhASA ke zabdoM kA bAhulya ke sAtha prayoga kiyA hai / kucha santa kaviyoM ne jAnabUjha kara bhASA meM vividhatA kA samAveza kiyA hai| jaise - santa sundaradAsa kI bhASA meM rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI, paMjAbI, pUrvI, arabI, phArasI, apabhraMza tathA saMskRta taka ke zabdoM kA sammizraNa hai| isI prakAra kabIra, dAdU dayAla, malUkadAsa Adi ne bhI aneka bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| santoM ne sarala se sarala bhASA meM durUha se durUha dArzanika viSayoM evaM AdhyAtmika anubhUtiyoM kI vyaMjanA bar3I saralatA se kI hai| zailI - santoM ne zuddha muktaka zailI meM kAvya racanA kii| santoM ke kAvya meM gItakAvya ke tattva- bhAvAtmakatA, vaiyaktikatA, saMgItAtmakatA, sUkSmatA 1. santa sAhitya kI rUparekhA -- AcArya parazurAma caturvedI pRSTha 20

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : aura bhASA kI komalatA milatI hai| santoM kI viSayavastu kA sambandha sthUla bhautika jagata se na hokara sUkSma AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se hai| ata: unhoMne pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se apanI bAta vyakta kI hai| isake lie unhoMne sandhyA bhASA yA sandha bhASA (rahasyAtmaka bhASA) kA prayoga karanA par3A hai / ise hI ulaTavAMsI kahA gayA / isa sambandha meM AcArya parazurAma caturvedI kA kathana hai ki - __ "inhoMne (santoM ne) siddhoM, muniyoM tathA nAthapaMthiyoM kI bhAMti sarvajana sulabha pratIkoM kA sahArA lene tathA janabhASA meM hI saba kucha kaha DAlane kI praNAlI ko bhI aMgIkAra kiyaa| siddha loga kabhI kabhI apanI mahatvapUrNa bAteM eka prakAra kI "saMdhyA bhASA" kI zailI meM bhI kahA karate the, jo bahuta kucha gUr3ha huA karatI thiiN| nAthapaMthiyoM ne usakA prayoga "ulaTI caracA" ke nAma se kiyA aura vahI santoM ke yahA~ "ulaTavAsI" yA "viparyaya" nAma se prasiddha huii|" 1 chanda - santa sAhitya meM adhikatara sAkhI (dohA) chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isake alAvA sabada (nirguNa brahma kA AkhyAna karane vAle geya pada) ramaiNI (caupAI dohA-donoM kA sammilita rUpa) kavitta, savaiyA, chappaya, aDilla, kuNDaliyA~, tribhaMgI, baravai, haMsapada jhUlanA Adi chanda bhI prayukta hae haiN| santoM ke kAvya ko kAvya ke rUpa kI dRSTi se muktaka kAvya tathA gIti kAvya donoM rUpoM meM mAnA hai| DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI kA kathana hai ki "santoM kI racanAoM meM prAya: nimnalikhita kAvya rUpoM kA prayoga milatA hai - (1) sAkhI (2) zabda (geya pada) (3) ramaiNI (4) bAvatI (5) cauMtIsA (6) thitI (7) vAra (8) cAMcara (9 ) basaMta (10 ) hiMDolA (11 ) kakaharA (12) beli (13) biradulI (14) vipramatIsI (15) Adi maMgala / " sAkhI ke bAre meM kabIra kA kathana hai - sAkhI AMkhI jJAna kI, samujhi dekhu mana mAhi / bina sAkhI saMsAra kA, jhagarA chUTata nAhiM / / sAkhI kI racanA dohA chanda meM kI gaI hai, kintu sabhI sAkhiyA~ isI chanda meM nahIM milatI hai| ina sAkhiyoM meM anya chanda jaise dohA, caupaI, zyAma, 1. santa sAhitya kI rUparekhA - AcArya parazurAma caturvedI pRSTha 15 2, nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya - DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 299 3, vahI pRSTha 300

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana haripada, gItA Adi ke bhI aneka udAharaNa mila jAte haiN| ' santoM kI sAkhI ke muktaka mukhyata: cAra prakAra ke mAne jA sakate haiM - (1 ) rahasyavAdI muktaka (2) jJAnasambandhI muktaka (3 ) nItiparaka muktaka (4) sAdhanAsambandhI muktaka santoM ke geya pada ko zabda kahA gayA hai| DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA unheM zabda- brahma ke lie prayukta kathana mAnate haiM athavA vaha upadeza zabda rUpa meM pada kA hI rUpa hai, jo saMgIta ke svaroM meM gAyA jAtA hai| vastuta: santoM ke "zabda" "bhajana" athavA "geya pada" hI hai, viSaya kI dRSTi se inheM cAra vargoM meM rasta sakate haiM - (1) upadezAtmaka aura nItiparaka (2) vairAgya sambandhI (3 ) siddhAnta nirUpaka (4) viraha milana ke pada / 5 ina padoM meM jahA~ bhAva-gAmbhIrya hai, vahA~ saMgIta kI svacchatA aura abhivyakti kA mukhara rUpa bhI hai| vaise aneka santoM ko saMgIta kA jJAna bhI thA, kintu saMgIta kA jJAna hI gItikAvya kA preraka nahIM hai| santoM ne yadyapi rAga gauDI, rAga bilAvala, rAga soraTha, rAga basanta, sAraMga tathA rAga dhanAzrI Adi rAgoM meM padoM ko sajAyA hai; kintu ye rAga-rAganiyA~ santa kAvya ke gItitatva se sIdhI sambandhita nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai / " isake anantara santa kAvya meM mArU, bhairava, ToMDI, asAvarI, rAmakalI, malAra, kalyANa, kAnhar3I, kedAra, naTa Adi rAgoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| isa prakAra santoM ke chanda unake bhAva ke anugAmI haiM; kintu santoM ne prayoga ke sambandha meM kAnya zAstra ke niyamoM kI kabhI cintA nahIM kii| alaMkAra - santa sAhitya meM alaMkAra vidhAna saprayAsa na hokara svataH siddha sphUrta hai| unake sAhitya meM kevala unhIM alaMkAroM kA bAhulya hai jinakI yojanA kavi kI pratibhA ajJAta rUpa se bhAvoM ko prabhAvapUrNa banAne ke lie kiyA karatI hai / isIlie upamA, rUpaka, anuprasAdi alaMkAroM kA adhika prayoga huA 1. kabIra sAhitya kI parakha - parazurAma caturvedI pRSTha 186 2. kAvyarUpoM ke mUla srota aura unakA vikAsa- DaoN. zakuntalA dube pRSTha 387 3. hindI sAhitya kA dvitIya khaNDa pRSTha 238 4. kAvyarUpoM ke mUla srota aura unakA vikAsa- DaoN. zakuntalA dube pRSTha 177 5. santa kAdhya - parazurAma caturvedI pRSTha 10 6. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya -- DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 304

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa hai| unake rUpaka aura upamAe~ dainika jIvana se sambandhita evaM hRdayahArI haiM / santa sundaradAsa jaise suzikSita santa kavi bhI alaMkAroM ke bAhya pradarzana ke virodhI haiM, parantu phira bhI unake kAvya meM anekAneka alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA haiN| santoM kI racanAoM meM milane vAlA alaMkAra vidhAna Upara se lAdA huA pratIta na hokara apane vicAroM kI spaSTatA evaM rocakatA ke lie prayukta kiyA gayA hai I 54 " santa kAvya meM arthAlaMkAroM kA hI prayoga adhika rUpa meM milatA hai / santoM ke arthAlaMkAra AdhyAtmika abhivyakti meM sahAyaka pratIta hote haiN| isa prakAra gUr3ha evaM aprastuta rUpoM kI abhivyakti meM hI santoM meM alaMkAroM kA prayoga vizeSa draSTavya hai; jo pratIkAtmaka DhaMga se pratipAdya viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie prayoga meM lAye gaye haiN| AdhyAtmika tattvoM kI sthUla abhivyakti eka kaThina kArya hai, usakA spaSTIkaraNa dRSTAnta ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai; jisakI paramparA atyanta prAcIna hai / AnandAtireka meM vihvala santoM kI bAniyoM meM yamaka, anuprAsa Adi kA svarUpa bhI mila jAtA hai / santoM kI racanAoM meM milane vAle mukhya alaMkAra nimnalikhita mAne jA sakate haiM. arthAlaMkAra rUpaka, vibhAvanA, anyokti arthAntaranyAsa, dRSTAnta, tulyayogitA, ekAvalI, kAvyaliMga, upamA, anyopamA, utprekSA, virodhAbhAsa, vicitra, viSaya, vyatireka, kAraNamAlA, krama, pariNAma, bhedakAtizayokti, lokokti I . zabdAlaMkAra * anuprAsa, yamaka, vIpsA, nirmAtrika / " 1 M DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita ne santa kAvya meM prayukta 55 alaMkAroM ke nAma diye haiN| 2 santoM ne do prakAra ke sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| prathama sAmAnya varga ke lie, dvitIya sampradAyoM ke vizeSa adhikAriyoM ke lie| jo sAhitya jana sAmAnya ke lie likhA gayA usameM saralatA, sahajatA, sajIvatA aura prabhAvita karane kI advitIya zakti haiN| isameM mAdhurya aura prAsAda guNa, nAdasaundarya tathA rasaparipAka bhI hai; kintu jo sAhitya sampradAya ke adhikAriyoM ke lie hai, usameM 1. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya - DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 312 2. hindI santa kAvya DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita pRSTha 312

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana gUr3hatA, vilaSTatA tathA camatkArapradhAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| isameM pratIka prayoga tathA ulaTavAsiyoM ke bhI prayoga darzanIya hai| niSkarSata: hama kaha sakate haiM ki santa kaviyoM ne hindI sAhitya ko vicAroM kI aTUTa sampadA dI, jisase sampUrNa vizva ko tathA mAnava samAja ko kalyANa ke patha kA pathika banAyA jA sakatA hai |vyktiotthaan ke sAtha -sAtha samAja kalyANa kiyA jA sakatA hai / paramatattva kI khoja yA nirguNa brahma kI upAsanA, prema, sahaja samAdhi kI sthiti, sadguru evaM satsaMga kI mahimA, dayA, kSamA, santoSa, vizvabandhutva Adi kI bhAvanAoM kA pracAra tathA rUr3hiyoM, andhavizvAsoM evaM bAhyADambaroM kA virodha santa sAhitya kI anupama vizeSatAe~ hai| kAvya ke kalAtmaka saundarya kI dRSTi se rUpakoM ke prayoga, pratIkayojanA, ulaTavAsI uktiyA~, sandhyA bhASA kA prayoga Adi apane Apa meM viziSTa upalabdhi hai / janasAdhAraNa ke pratinidhitva ke rUpa meM "sadhukkaDI bhASA" dvArA sarala, sahaja, mAvAnukUla abhivyakti bhI santa sAhitya kI advitIya vizeSatA hai / vAstava meM santa sAhitya kA hindI sAhitya ke lie adbhuta evaM anupama yogadAna hai, jo hamAre garva karane yogya hai aura sadaiva rhegaa| isa adhyAya kA upasaMhAra hama DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ke nimnalikhita zabdoM se karate haiM - "jaba dharma ke mAnadaNDoM meM navIna parivartana ho rahe the aura use aneka paristhitiyoM se saMgharSa karanA par3a rahA thA usa samaya santa sampradAya ne dharma kA aisA svAbhAvika, vyAvahArika aura vizvAsamaya rUpa upasthita kiyA ki vaha vizvadharma bana gayA aura zatAbdiyoM ke lie jana-jAgaraNa kA sandeza lekara claa| usane andhavizvAsoM ko tor3akara samAja kA puna: saMgaThana kiyA, jisameM IrSyA-dveSa ke lie koI sthAna nahIM thA / samAja ke lie jisa stara taka devavANI nahIM pahu~ca sakatI thI tathA dhArmika granthoM kI gaharAI kI thAha jinake dvArA nahIM lI jA sakatI thI, unheM dharmapravaNa banAkara AzA aura jIvana kA sandeza sunAnA santa sampradAya dvArA hI sambhava ho sakA thaa| purAtana kA saMzodhana aura navIna kA saMcayana karane meM saMta sampradAya ne vizeSa antardRSTi kA paricaya diyaa| rAjanaitika, dhArmika aura sAmAjika dizAoM meM isa sampradAya ne jo kArya kiyA hai, use itihAsa kabhI bhulA nahIM skegaa|"

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55 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : (ga) santa sAhitya kA kAvyAdarza : bhAvapakSa evaM kalApakSa kisI bhI kAvya kA mUlyAMkana prAya: do AdhAroM para kiyA jAtA hai - pahalA anubhUti yA bhAvapakSa, dUsarA abhivyakti yA kalApakSa / kAvya ke ina donoM pakSoM meM anubhUti ko kAvya kI AtmA tathA abhivyakti ko usake zarIrake rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| AtmA ke binA zarIra kA koI sAkAra rUpa nahIM hai| donoM kA sundara samanvaya hI bhAratIya kAvya kA lakSya rahA hai| isa dRSTi se santoM kA kAvya vicAraNIya hai / virodhoM evaM prazastiyoM se anuprANita hindI kA nirguNa santa kAvya jJAnadhArA meM eka ora apane ko usa paramparA se jur3A huA pAtA hai, jisakA anubhava zAstra ke vidhi vidhAnoM se Upara hai, jo gUMge ke gur3a ke samAna svayaM AsvAda kI vastu hai, to dUsarI ora loka bhASA kI alikhita paramparA se jur3A huA hai, na jisake pAsa parimArjita bhASA hai, na chanda, na alaMkAra / nirguNa bhAvadhArA meM eka ora mAnava ke sampUrNa jIvana kA lakSya hai, to dUsarI ora UparI kalAsajjA evaM rUpa nikhAra kI ora se udAsInatA / yaha udAsInatA saMta kaviyoM ke usa dRSTikoNa kI paricAyikA hai, jisake dvArA ve satya ke udghATana meM bAhya athavA sthUla ke prati pUrNatayA avajJA karate haiM / paraspara ina do virUddha mAnyatAoM ke madhya isa vistAra ko dekhakara nirguNa saMta kAvya ke sambandha meM vijJapta maMtavya atiraMjanAyakta hI pratIta hote haiN| ina donoM maMtavyoM ke madhya bhI kacha vidvAnoM ne vicAra kiyA hai|' santa kAvya ke sambandha meM DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke vicAra bhI draSTavya haiM--"mUlavastu cUMki vANI ke agocara hai, isIlie kevala vANI kA adhyayana karane vAle vidyArthI ko agara bhrama meM par3a jAnA ho to Azcarya kI koI bAta nahIM hai| vANI dvArA unhoMne usa nigUr3ha anubhavaikagamya tatva kI ora izArA kiyA hai, use "dhvanita" kiyA hai| aisA karane ke lie unheM bhASA dvArA rUpa khar3A karanA par3A hai aura arUpa ko rUpa ke dvArA abhivyakta karane kI sAdhanA karanI par3I hai| kAvyazAstra ke AcArya ise hI kavi kI sabase bar3I zakti batAte hai / rUpa ke dvArA arUpa kI vyaMjanA, kathana ke jariye akathya kA dhvanana, 1. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya - DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 24

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kAvya zakti kA carama digdarzana nahIM to kyA hai ? phira bhI vaha dhvanita vastu hI pradhAna hai, dhvanita karane kI zailI aura sAmagrI nahIM / DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa kA mata hai ki "santoM kI vicAradhArA satya kI khoja meM bahI hai, usI kA prakAza karanA unakA dhyeya hai| unakI vicAradhArA kA pravAha jIvanadhArA ke pravAha se bhinna nahIM / DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI kahate haiM ki - "santa kavi sAdhaka hai, kavitA unakA karma nahIM hai, anubhUti hI unake lie pradhAna hai| DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla kA kathana hai - "nirguNiyoM ke lie kAvya kA koI mUlya nhiiN| unake lie kavitA kA uddezya eka sAdhana mAtra hai / ve satya ke pracAraka the aura kavitA ko unhoMne satya ke pracAra kA eka mahattvapUrNa sAdhana mAna rakhA thaa| ve kevala thor3e se zikSitoM ke lie hI nahIM kahate the, unakA lakSya una sarvasAdhAraNa hRdayoM para adhikAra karanA thA jo janatA ke pradhAna aMga the| saMskRta aura prAkRta jo dharmagranthoM tathA kAvya ke lie bhI pariSkRta bhASAe~ samajhI jAtI thI, unake sAmane upekSita bana gyii|" * eka sthAna para ve likhate haiM - "nirguNa sampradAya ke pravartakoM ne apane sarvajanopayogI upadezoM ke lie janabhASA hindI ko hI apanAyA thaa| isalie usakA pratirUpa hindI ke kAvya sAhitya meM surakSita hai / sAmAjika, dhArmika, rAjanaitika Adi aneka kAraNoM ne milakara isa Andolana ke rUpa meM vaha navInatA aura bhAva kI vaha gahanatA pradAna kI jo isakI vizeSatA hai|" AcArya rAmacandra zukla ne likhA hai ki "isa paMtha kA prabhAva ziSTa aura zikSita janatA para nahIM par3A; kyoMki usake lie na to isa pantha meM koI naI bAta thI, na nayA AkarSaNa / saMskRta buddhi, saMskRta hRdaya aura saMskRta vANI kA vaha vikAsa isa zAkhA meM nahIM pAyA jAtA, jo zikSita samAja ko apanI ora AkarSita karatA / para azikSita aura nimnazreNI kI janatA para ina saMta mahAtmAoM kA bar3A bhArI upakAra hai / ucca viSayoM kA kucha AbhAsa dekara, AcaraNa kI 1, kabIra- DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 220 2. hindI sAhitya- DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa pRSTha 155 3. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya - DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 31 4. hindI kAvya meM nirguNa sampradAya- DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla pRSTha 340 5. vahI pRSTha 2

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mahAkavi pUgharadAsa : zuddhatA para jora dekara, ADambaroM kA tiraskAra karake, Atmagaurava kA bhAva utpanna karake unhoMne ise Upara uThAne kA stutya prayatla kiyaa|" ! santoM ne kaviga ke liAA kavitA nahIM kii| unakI dRSTi meM kavitA kisI uddezya kA sAdhanamAtra hai| ve satya ke pracAraka the aura kavitA ko unhoMne satya ke pracAra kA eka prabhAvapUrNa sAdhana mAna rakhA thaa| ve usa alabhya kA anubhava karate haiM, jisakA varNana nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| kabIra ne kahA hai - avigata akala anupama dekhyA kahatA kahyA na jaaii| saina kare mana hI mana rahe saiM , gUMge jAni mitthaaii||' santa dAdU bhI kahate hai - kaise pArikha paci mue kImata kahI na jaaii| dAdU saba hairAna hai gUMge kA gur3a khAI / ' santa mAnava jIvana ko kAmakrodhAdi mAnasika rogoM se mukta kara use zuddha sakSama banAne meM tathA vizva kalyANa ke kAryoM meM nirata rahate the| eka vizeSa prakAra kA jIvanadarzana saMtakAvya meM abhivyakta huA hai, jisameM saMsAra kI nissAratA evaM jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA pratipAdana karate hue kAmakrodhAdi se pare rahakara sarvazaktimAna paramAtmA nirguNa brahma ke sAkSAtkAra hetu nitya nirata rahane kI preraNA dI gaI hai| nirguNa brahma ke sAkSAtkAra kI vicitra, viziSTa divyAnubhUti ko abhivyakti pradAna karane meM vidvAnoM kI bhASA kI bhI parIkSA ho jAtI hai| phira azikSita nAtizikSita saMta kaviyoM kI bhASA usa anubhUti ko abhivyakti pradAna karane meM kahA~ sakSama thI ? ata: sAMsArika pratIkoM ke mAdhyama se alaukika anubhUti kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai aura sahaja hI ulaTavAsI-sAhitya kA sRjana ho gyaa| isa sambandha meM DaoN. bar3athvAla likhate haiM ki nirguNa samudAya ke santa kavi sAMketika (pratIkAtmaka yA guhyA bhASA meM kathana kiyA karate the| AdhyAtmika kSetra meM padArpaNa karane vAle sabhI kaviyoM ko sAMketika bhASA kI zaraNa lenI par3atI hai| 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa- AcArya rAmacandra zukla pRSTha 71 2. kabIra ganyAvalI pRSTha 90 ____ 3. dAdU kI bAnI, santa sudhAsAra pRSTha 467 4. hindI kAvya meM nirguNa sampradAya-- DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla pRSTha 337

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana __ kAvya meM anubhUti ko prakaTa karane kI kalA kA bhI kama mahattva nahIM hai| bhAva aura vicAra ke sAtha kaviyoM kA kalA tathA zailI pakSa bhI mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| abhivyakti kI kalA sAdhana hI hai, sAdhya nhiiN| DaoN. nagendra kaviyoM kI kalA ke sambandha meM likhate haiM ki vAstavika rUpa meM to kisI kavi kI kalA usakI sampUrNa AtmA kI abhivyakti hotI hai| vibhinna anubhUtiyoM se nirmita usakA AtmA apanI abhivyakti ke lie prayatna karatA huA sahajarUpa meM raMga, rekhA, zabda Adi meM baMdhA jo AkAra prApta kara letA hai, vahI usakI kalA hai|"| isI sandarbha meM unhoMne Age likhA hai . "AtmA ke svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie zarIra kA adhyayana jitanA mahatva rakhatA hai utanA mahattva hameM isa bAhya prayatna ko avazya denA par3egA 1 santoM ke kAvya kA kalApakSa unakI anubhUti kI ujjvalatA ke kAraNa svata. hI nikhara AyA hai| pratIka yojanA, alaMkAra yojanA, unake kAvya kA svAbhAvika saundarya bana gayI hai| bhASA ke nikhAra para unakA dhyAna bilkula hI nahIM thaa| unakI bhASA anagar3ha saundarya ko apane meM samAe hue thii| kaI jagaha anubhUti kI gahanatA meM bhASA TUTI phUTI, avyavasthita bhI ho gayI hai, kintu vaha apanA artha suvijJa pAThaka taka preSita kara hI detI hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki kAvya racanA saMtoM kA lakSya kabhI nahIM rahA, santoM ne apane lakSya kI prApti meM jo kucha abhivyakta kiyA, vaha anubhUti itanI tIvra aura janamAnasa ko sparza karane vAlI huI ki janajIvana meM santoM kI abhivyaktiyoM kAvya ke rUpa meM pratiSThita ho gyii| sAtha hI jo AcArya brahmAnanda sahodara svarUpa rasa kI sahajAnubhUti ko arthAt anubhUti pakSa ko abhivyakti pakSa se adhika mUlyavAna mAnate haiM, unakI dRSTi meM santa kAvya utkRSTa koTi kI bhAvAnubhUti mAnI gayI; kintu jo AcArya zabda zilpa, alaMkAra aura bAhya rUpa sajjA ko hI kAvya kA pramukha lakSaNa mAnate haiM, unakI dRSTi meM santoM kI kavitA kAvya kI koTi meM sthAna nahIM pA sakI / isIlie kucha vidvAna santa kAvya ko sAhitya mAnate haiM, jabaki kucha use sAhitya kI sImA se bAhara rakhate haiN| vibhinna bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke anusAra kAvyaracanA kA mUlAdhAra "svAntaHsukhAya" hai| pratyeka racanA ke mUla meM kavi kI apanI anubhUti, 1. deva aura unakI kavitA DaoN. nagendra pRSTha 174 2. vahI pRSTa 174

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mahAkaSi bhUdharadAsa : vicAra aura bhAvanAe~ rahatI haiN| unako abhivyakti dekara kavi jahA~ eka ora hRdaya kA bhAra halkA karatA hai, to dUsarI ora eka divya Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| jahA~ eka ora usakI racanA svAntaHsukhAya hotI hai, to dUsarI ora usameM samAja kalyANa yA vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA bhI nihita hotI hai| isI prakAra eka varga naitikatA Adi ke lie kAvya ko prayojanIya mAnatA hai, to dUsarA isake virUddha hai / para itanA nirvivAda hai ki kAvya yA sAhitya hamArI anubhUtiyoM ko tIvra karane ke lie adhika prayojanIya hai| jIvana ko samunnata, susaMskRta tathA pariSkRta banAne ke lie kAvya kA pramukha yogadAna hai| bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya manISiyoM ne jina kAvyAdarzoM evaM kAvyaprayojanoM kI carcA kI / hindI ke santa kaviyoM ne unheM svIkAra nahIM kiyA; kyoMki santoM ke laukika aipavarga evaM yaza bI lAlasA nahIM thI ! jina santoM ne saMsAra ko tuccha evaM sArahIna samajhakara usakA parityAga kara diyA thA, unake kAvya dvArA laukika vyavahAra evaM yazopArjana kI zikSA mahattvahIna thii| santoM ne apane samaya ke kisI pracalita Adarza ko grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| unhoMne kAvyazAstra, chanda, piMgala Adi ke niyamoM kA na to adhyayana kiyA thA aura na unheM inameM koI AsthA thii| isake virUddha unhoMne kAvya aura kAvyazAstra ke anya Avazyaka tattvoM kI nindA evaM AlocanA kii| sAtha hI kAvyazAstra ke niyamoM kI paravAha kiye binA unhoMne tIvra anubhUti evaM gahana cintana ke AdhAra para kAvya racanA kI / santoM ne apanI kAvya racanA dvArA yaha bhI siddha kara diyA ki anubhUti yA bhAva hI kAvya kI AtmA hai aura kAvya kI AtmA dRr3ha aura ucca hai taba phira bhASA, zailI, alaMkAra Adi rUpa bAhya vAtAvaraNa evaM anya upakaraNa to svata: juTa jaayeNge| isIlie santoM ne kAvya ko kalA kI dRSTi se nahIM dekhA aura na hI unhoMne kAvya evaM kavi ko sammAnya hI mAnA / isIlie kabIra to "kavi kavInai kavitA mUrya" ' taka kaha dete haiN| para phira bhI unhoMne kAvya ko svAbhivyakti kA mAdhyama banAyA, isalie unakA kAvya adhyayanIya avazya hai| santa kaviyoM kI racanAoM meM unake kAvyaviSayaka Adarza milate haiN| 1. kabIra granthAvalI, kA. nA. pra. sa. pada 317 pRSTha 195

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kabIra ne apane kAvyAdarza ke bAre meM likhA hai - prema bhagati aisI kIjie, mukhi amRta barikhai cnd| Apahi Apa vicAriye, taba ketA hoI Ananda re|| tumha jini jAno gIta hai yaha nijabrAhma vicaar| kevala kahi samajhAiyA, Atama sAdhaka sAra re||' "mere isa pada ko tuma sAdhAraNa gIta ke rUpa meM mata jaano| isameM merA "brahma vicAra" nihita haiN| isameM maiMne Atma-sAdhanA kA sAra bharakara use apane zabdoM dvArA kevala pratyakSa kara dene kI ceSTA kI hai| isa "brahma vicAra" meM Ane vAle alaukika Ananda ko unhoMne "Apadi Apa vicAriye taba ketA hoi Ananda re" kahakara spaSTa kara diyA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki ve apanI isa prakAra kI racanA ko AtmAnubhUti kI abhivyakti se abhinna rUpa meM dekhate haiN| sAtha hI ve isa vicAra se bhI anuprANita jAna par3ate hai ki "yadi maiM apanI sAkhioM kI racanA karU~gA to sambhava hai ki usase preraNA pAkara bhavasAgara meM par3e hue duHkha sahane vAle logoM ko usake pAra taka pahu~cane kA avasara mila jAya" - harijI yahai vicAriyA sASI kahau kabIra / bhau sAgara meM jIva haiM je koI pakaDai tIra / / ' isI prakAra ve kavitA ko jaga jaMjAla ke guNagAna kA mAdhyama banAne ke virodhI the| unakI dRSTi meM vahI vAstavika kavi hai, jo brahma ke sAkSAtkAra kA gAyana athavA racanA kare / kavi ke zabdoM meM hI - jaga bhava kA gAvanA gaavai| anubhava gAvai so anurAgI hai| bhASA ke viSaya meM bhI kabIra kA apanA Adarza hai / ve saMskRta bhASA kI tulanA meM lokabhASA yA sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI bhASA ko adhika upayukta mAnate haiM / saMskRta eka sImita samUha kI bhASA hai; ata: usase kevala kucha vyakti hI 1. kabIra granthAvalI, kA. nA.pra. sa. pada 5 pRSTha 4) 2. yahI pRSTha 56

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mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : lAbha uThA sakate hai| jabaki dezIbhASA janatA kI bhASA hai; ata: sabhI ke lie sugama evaM sarala siddha ho sakatI hai| kabIra saMskRta ko kUpa jana ne spAna sImita mAgate haiM yA nA kala sAdhAraNa kI bolI, ko ve saritA ke svaccha bahate hue jala ke samAna upayogI mAnate haiM - "saMsakIrata hai kUpajala bhAsA bahatA nIra" kabIra kA bhASAdarza yaha bhI siddha karatA hai ki ve sAhitya aura kalA ko janatA se dUra kI vastu yA jana-jIvana se bhinna nahIM mAnate haiN| unake anusAra jo bhASA yA kAvya janatA kI pahuca se dUra hai, use ve upayogI nahIM mAnate haiM / santa nAnaka zabda racanA yA sAkhI racanA ko brahma ke prati vAstavika yA saccI prIti nahIM mAnate haiN| unake mata se zabdoM aura sAkhiyoM meM abhivyakta prema vAstavika nahIM hai, vaha kevala bAhya dikhAvA hai / chandoM meM hRdaya ke sacce bhAvoM kI abhivyakti sambhava nahIM hai| isIlie inakA racayitA nizcaya hI yamapura meM duHkha kA bhAgI banatA hai - zabdana sAkhI sacI nahIM priiti| jamapura jAhiM dukhoM kI rIti // isI prakAra unhoMne pustakajJAna, veda, kateba Adi kI nindA kI hai . veda kateba tini mohiA se phUpha suNAvahi loii| naraka surga patthara disai cihu guNa sahasA hoi| pUcha hU~ veda paMDhatiA viNu nAvai muThI roii|| santa malUkadAsa kI dRSTi meM vahI racanA kavitA hai, jisameM usa brahma kA guNagAna ho; jisake kAraNa saMsAra meM astitva prApta huA hai / ve prAkRta viSayoM para kAvya racanA ko heya samajhate haiM - adama kavitta kA jisakI kavitAI karU~ yAda karU~ usako jina paidA mujhe kiyA hai| garbha bAsa pAlA Atasa meM nahi jAlA, tisakoM maiM bisA to maiM kisakI Asa jiyA huuN|' 1. prANasaMgalI pRSTha 24 2, vahI pRSTha 217 3. malUkadAsa kI bAnI pRSTha 31.

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana santa kavi jagajIvana sAhaba ne apanI racanAoM meM veda, purANa, grantha Adi kI kaTu nindA kI hai| unake anusAra binA bhajana, bhakti saba ni:sAra hai; cAhe kAvya-racanA ho yA grantha-racanA ! aneka purANoM kA pArAyaNa karatA huA "aharniza" kavitAI karatA huA, mAnava binA brahmajJAna ke ni:sAra hai| tattva ke abhAva meM kavi vyartha hI tattvarahita padArthoM meM phaMse rahate haiM par3he purANa grancha rAta dina karai kavitAI soii| jJAna kathai zabda kA tabahu bhakti na hoI / / santa raidAsa kI dRSTi meM AtmA ke satsvarUpa kA darzana karanA hI kAvya kA lakSya hai / ve haritattva ke binA sArI paNDita vANI ko thothI mAnate haiM - thothA paNDita, thothI vAnI / thothI hari binu sabai kahAnI // palaTU sAhaba sAkhI, sAbadI, kavitA Adi sabhI ko prapaMca mAnate haiN| eka mAtra nirguNa brahma kI bhakti hI sArthaka hai, bAkI saba vyartha hai - palaTU saba parapaMca hai, karai so phira pchitaat| eka bhakti maiM jAnau, aura jhaTha saba bAta / / santa kavi bullA sAhaba kI dRSTi meM zabdoM dvArA jJAna ke pradarzana mAtra se koI bar3A athavA mahattvapUrNa kavi nahIM bana jAtA hai / mahattA vAstavika rUpa meM vizvAsa aura anubhava kI hai __ kA bhayo zabda ke kahe bahuta kari jJAna de| mana paratIta nahIM to, kahA jama jAna de||' dariyA sAhaba (mAravAr3a vAle) sabakA sAra evaM kAvya kA eka mAtra lakSya nirguNa rAma kA smaraNa mAnate haiM - sakala kavitta kA aratha hai sakala bAta kI baat| dariyA sumirana rAma kA kara lIje dina rAta / / sundaradAsa sabhI santoM meM sarvAdhika zikSita bhASAvijJa the| unhoMne kAvya meM zuddha kavitta, mohakatA, sarasatA, tukAntatA, chandabaddhatA Adi ko Avazyaka 1. zabda saMgraha pRSTha 75 2, raidAsa kI bAnI pRSTha 25 3. palaTU sAhaba kI bAnI pRSTha 26 4. bullA sAhaba kI bAnI pRSTha 25 5. dariyA sAhaba mAravAr3a vAle kI bAnI pRSTha 9

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mahAkavi pUdharadAsa : kahA hai, parantu kAvya kA prANa "harijasa" hai aura usake binA vaha zavatulya kahA jA sakatA hai| oDhera kANa se tuka amila, arthahIna aMdho ythaa| kahi sundara harijasa jIva hai, harijasa bina mRta kahiM tathA // ' jisa prakAra prANavihIna zarIra AkarSaNa rAhata ho jAtA hai; usI prakAra harijasa ke binA kAvya phIkA evaM nIrasa pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra sundaradAsa kA kAvyAdarza sarvaprathama brahma yazogAna hai tadanantara kAvya saundarya, kAvya sarasatA Adi / santa anantadAsa kAvya ko duSkarmanAza karane meM sahAyaka mAnate haiN| unake anusAra kAvya vahI hai, jo duSkarmoM ko naSTa karake naye saMskAroM kA nirmANa kara sake yaha paracayI sunai jo koii| sahajai saba sukha pAvai soii| / vaktA zrotA pAvai mosA / nAse karma heta ke doSA / / ' santa bodhadAsa bhI kAvya-racanA kA uddezya sampUrNa karmoM kA nAza mAnate haiM - par3hahi sunihi jo koI santa pracaI garantha yh| bhalA tAhi kA hoi kaThina karama kaTi jAhi saba / / " isa prakAra sabhI santoM kA kAvyAdarza brahma kA guNagAna yA hari kA yazogAna, bAhyAcAroM kI AlocanA, sahaja dezabhASA, sarala zailI evaM alaMkArAdi rahita sAdhAraNa chanda hai / santoM ne kavi aura kAvya kI nindA karane para bhI kAvya racanA brahmasmaraNa meM sahAyaka tathA AdhyAtmika unnati meM sahAyaka mAnakara kI hai| kAvya nirmANa unakA lakSya nahIM thA, unhoMne jo divya anabhUti kI thI use sAmAnya janatA taka pahu~cAne ke mAdhyama kI khoja meM kavitA svayaM hI sahAyaka ho gayI / kavitA unakI anubhUti ko abhivyakta karane kA sAdhana mAtra hai parantu "vahI saba kucha hai" isa bhAva kA samarthana kisI bhI santa kavi ne nahIM kiyA / santa kaviyoM kA Antarika rUpa "santa" hai aura bAhya rUpa "kavi" / ve anubhUti ke stara para "santa" hai aura abhivyakti ke stara para "kavi" | hindI sAhitya meM unakI vicAradhArA, bhAva, vizvAsa aura unakI abhivyakti kA vizeSa daMga-ina donoM prakAra se unake kAvya kA mUlyAMkana kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1. sundara graMthAvalI dvitIya khaNDa pRSTha 972 2. paricayI sAhitya - DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita pRSTha 53 3. vahI pRSTha 73

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana (gha) santa paramparA hindI sAhitya meM 13 vIM zatI se 18 vIM zatI taka aneka nirguNa santa kaviyoM kA AvirbhAva huaa| isa santa kaviyoM ko kAlakramAnusAra tIna bhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiN| 1. pUrvakAlIna santa (12 vIM zatI se 15 vIM zatI taka) * santa kaviyoM meM kabIra sarvazreSTha evaM kendra sthAnIya hai| santa kaviyoM kI paramparA kA prArambha gIta-govindakAra santa jayadeva (samaya 1179 I.) se hotA hai| jayadeva, sadanA, lAladeda yA lallA, nAmadeva, trilocana Adi kabIra se pUrva kAla ke santoM meM pramukha haiN| 2. madhyakAlIna santa (15 vIM zatI se 18 vIM zatI taka) - kavIra ke sama-sAmAyika santoM meM svAmI rAmAnanda, rAghavAnanda, senabAI, pIpA, raidAsa, dhannAbhagata tathA kabIra ke ziSyoM meM kamAla, tatvAjIvA, jJAnIjI, jAgUdAsa, bhAgodAsa aura sUrata gopAla Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| kabIra ke pazcAt paMtha nirmANa kI pravRtti ko bala milaa| jisake phalasvarUpa aneka paMthoM evaM sampradAyoM kA nirmANa huaa| sAtha hI kucha santa ina paMthoM se pRthak rahakara bhI apanA astitva kAyama rakhe rhe| paMthoM meM kucha pramukha haiM - kabIra paMtha, nAnaka paMtha yA sikha dharma, khAlasA sampradAya (saM. 1550 se 1600 taka sAdha-sampradAya niraMjanI sampradAya, lAlapantha, dAdU pantha, bAvarI pantha, evaM malUka paMtha (saM. 1600-1700 taka) ' bAbAlAlI sampradAya, dhAmI yA praNAmI sampradAya, satanAmI yA satyanAmI sampradAya (koTavA zAkhA, chattIsagar3hI zAkhA) dharanIzvarI sampradAya, dariyAdAsI sampradAya, dariyA pantha, zivanArAyaNI sampradAya, caraNadAsI sampradAya, garIba pantha, pAnapa paMtha, rAmasanehI sampradAya / ' kucha santa paMtha se pRthak bhI prasiddha hue haiM, jinameM dIna daraveza, santa bullezAha, nlAnyA kinArAma adhorI pramukha haiN|' 3. AdhunikayugIna santa (18 vIM zatI se vartamAna taka) Adhunika yuga meM bhI kucha paMthoM kA prAdurbhAva huaa| yathA sAhiba paMtha (tulasI sAhaba) 1. hindI santa sAhitya-DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita pRSTha 27 2. vahI pRSTha 44 se 58 2. vahI pRSTha 59 se 70 2. vahI pRSTha 71 se 83 2. vahI pRSTha 84 se 85

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mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : nAMgI sampradAya (santa DeDharAja) rAdhAsvAmI satsaMga, (lAlA zivadayAla siMha khatrI svAmIjI) santa mata tathA sampradAya se pRthak santoM meM svAmI rAmatIrtha, mahAtmAgA~dhI Adi ullekhanIya hai| DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita ke alAvA AcArya parazurAma caturvedI' evaM mekAlipha' ne bhI jayadeva se isa kAvya paramparA kA prArambha mAnA hai / DaoN. viSNudatta rAkeza ne to spaSTa zabdoM meM inakA samaya 13 vIM zatAbdI svIkAra karane meM koI anaucitya nahIM mAnA hai| DaoN. rAmezvaraprasAdasiMha ne ise jayadeva se 19 vIM zatAbdI ke mahAtmA gA~dhI sakA vistRta mAnA hai|" DaoN. muktezvara tivArI ne bhI santa paramparA ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai - 1. kabIra ke pUrvavartI santa - nAmadeva, jayadeva Adi / 2. kabIra aura unake samakAlIna santa - raidAsa, pIpA aadi| 3. kabIra ke paravartI santa aura santa sampradAya - dAdU, nAnaka, sundaradAsa aadi|' santa paramparA ke sandarbha meM navIna dRSTi :- AcArya parazurAma caturvedI dvArA likhita pustaka "uttarI bhArata kI santa paramparA" tathA usI ko AdhAra yA pramANa mAnakara anya vidvAnoM dvArA mAnya santa paramparA ke sandarbha meM DaoN. rAjadevasiMha kA yaha kathana vizeSa dhyAna dene yogya hai - "AcArya parazurAma caturvedI ne kabIra ke pUrvakAlIna santoM meM jaideva, nAmadeva, sadhanA, lAladeda, veNI aura trilocana kA ullekha kiyA hai| spaSTa hai ki santaparamparA kA prArambha ve inhIM se mAnate haiM lekina gosvAmI tulasIdAsa dvArA "mAnasa" ke kAgabhuzuNDi - garur3a samvAda meM 1. hindI santa sAhitya- DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita pRSTha 86 se 89 tathA uttarI bhArata kI santa parampasa DaoN. parazurAma caturvedI / 2. vahI pRSTha 27 3. santa sAhitya ke preraNA srota AcArya parazurAma caturvedI pRSTha 13 -- 14 4. dI sikkha rilIjana bhAga 6 - mekAlipha pRSTha 16 5. uttara pArata ke nirguNa paMtha sAhitya kA itihAsa pRSTha 13 -14 6. santa kAvya meM yoga kA svarUpa -- DaoN. rAmezvaraprasAda siMha pRSTha 56 7. madhyayugIna sUphI aura santa sAhitya-DaoN. muktezvara tivaarii|

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana ullikhita santa lakSaNoM tathA Adhunika hindI samIkSA meM svIkRta "santa zabda kI jisa pAribhASika maryAdA kI chAnabIna karate hue hamane jina santa lakSaNoM kA nirdhAraNa kiyA hai, unako dhyAna meM rakhakara dekhA jAe to santa paramparA ko itane pIche nahIM le jAyA jA sakatA / ".....vArakarI santa nAmadeva evaM trilocana se santa paramparA kA sambandha jor3a pAnA aisI sthiti meM sambhava nahIM hai / jahA~ taka santa sadhanA, veNI aura kazmIrI bhaktina lallA yoginI yA lAladeda kA sambandha hai inake viSaya meM itanI kSINa sUcanAe~ upalabdha hai ki una para se koI sthira mata nahIM banAyA jA sktaa| isa deza meM nIcI jAtiyoM meM utpanna hone vAle tathA veda, brAhmaNa aura varNAzrama vyavasthA kI prAmANikatA para avizvAsa karane vAle loga bahuta purAne jamAne se rahate Ae haiM / siddha aura nAtha isI taraha kI paramparA vAle vyakti the| lekina rAma-nAma ke prati AsthA aura dAzarathi rAma kI bhagavattA ke prati anAsthA rakhane vAloM kA koI bahuta purAnA pramANa nahIM miltaa| brAhmaNazreSThatA meM avizvAsa karane vAle, veda meM AsthA na rakhane vAle, varNAzrama vyavasthA ko asvIkAra karane vAle logoM kI paramparA isa deza meM kAphI purAnI hai lekina upalabdha sAhitya evaM anya sambaddha sUcanAoM ke hisAba se dAzarathi rAma kI bhagavattA ko asvIkAra karane vAle prathama vyakti kabIra the| kabIra ke bAda tulasI ke pahale isa taraha ke aura bhI bahuta sAre saMtoM kA sAhitya hameM milatA hai .... ina santoM ke Adi puruSa kabIra the| kabIra ko "Adi santa" mAnane kA pracalana bhI hai| Adi santa kabIra kI paramparA meM par3ane vAle santoM meM raidAsa, dhannA, pIpA, senA aura kamAla ati prasiddha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki kamAla kabIra kA putra bhI 1. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA (santa paramparA) haoN. rAjadeva siMha pRSTha 42-43 2. vahIM pRSTha 44 3. vahI pRSTha 44 4. vahI pRSTha 50 vahI pRSTha 51 6. vahI pRSTha 52

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 68 thA aura ziSya bhI / zeSa cAra ko kabIra kA gurubhAI batAyA jAtA hai / "rahasyatrayI ke TIkAkAra ne kabIra, pIpA ramAdAsa (ravidAsa yA raidAsa) dhanno aura padmAvatI ko svAmI rAmAnanda kA ziSya batAyA hai - kabIrazca ramAdAsa senA pIpA dhanAstathA / , padmAvatI tadardhazca SaDete ca jitendriyAH / / ina santoM kI jIvanI kI samIkSA karate hue AcArya parazurAma caturvedI ne likhA hai ki " sambhava hai ukta sabhI santa eka hI samaya aura eka hI sAtha aisI sthiti meM vartamAna bhI nahIM rahe hoMge, jisase unakA svAmI rAmAnanda kA ziSya aura Apasa meM gurubhAI honA kisI prakAra siddha kiyA jA ske| 2 I DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina pUrvokta santa paramparA kA samarthana karate hue bhI apanA vizeSa mata isa prakAra vyakta karate haiM- "vAstava meM santa sAhitya yA santoM kA koI vargIkaraNa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki unakI vANiyoM aura upadezoM meM itanI adhika samAnatA hai ki unheM kisI varga meM sthApita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| svayaM kabIra ne apane hAtha se kucha nahIM likhaa| unake aneka bhaktoM ne kabIra ke nAma se aneka padoM kI racanA kI / adhikAMza santa bahuta par3he likhe nahIM the; ataH unakI vANiyoM ko adhika prAmANika na mAnakara unake matoM ko hI adhika pramANita mAnanA caahie| jaise guru kI mahattA, vairAgya kA mahattva, saMsAra kI asAratA, Izvara kI ekatA, Izvara ko prApta karane kI sAdhanA, nirguNa Izvara kI bhAvanA, yaugika sAdhanA ke dvArA parama ziva yA Izvara kI prApti Adi / isa AdhAra para santa paramparA kA prArambha 1308 arthAt 14 vIM zatI se mAnA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki isake pUrva ke santa mukhya rUpa se hindI ke nahIM haiN|" 3 (Ga) santa mata para anya prabhAva yA santa mata ke AdhAra - santa sAhitya para upalabdha aneka vidvAnoM ke vicAra evaM aneka khojapUrNa gaveSaNAoM ke kAraNa santa mata para anya prabhAva yA santa mata ke AdhAra para 1. u. bhA. saM. paramparA pRSTha 224 se uddhRta 2. u. bhA. saM. paramparA pRSTha 227 se uddhRta 3. mahAvIra vANI ke Aloka meM hindI kA santa kAvya-- DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina pRSTha 59

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana vicAra karate samaya yaha bAta ati spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki santa mata ne vividha prabhAvoM ko grahaNa kiyA thaa| usake bhAvapakSa evaM kalApakSa ke aneka sAMskRtika evaM dArzanika AdhAra haiM; jinakA vivecana nimnalikhita hai 69 santamata ke dArzanika evaM sAMskRtika AdhAra upaniSad, vedAnta, nAthapantha, islAma dharma, bauddhadharma tathA sUphI mata Adi haiN| unhoMne upaniSad se brahma. jIva, jagata aura mAyA sambandhI vicAroM ke sAtha-sAtha tatsambadhI upamAnoM aura aprastuta yojanAoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai| vedAnta se santoM ne brahma evaM mAyA sambandhI vivecana ke sAtha AtmA kI akhaNDatA ekarasatA, advaitatA, akathanIyatA Adi grahaNa kI haiN| nAthapanthI yogiyoM se zUnyavAda, guru kI mahattA, yogasambandhI sAdhanApaddhati tathA tantrasAdhanA bhI santoM dvArA AtmasAt kI gaI hai| santa sAhitya meM ekezvaravAda kA samarthana tathA mUrtipUjA, avatAravAda, sAmAjika asamAnatA Adi kA virodha islAmadharma ke prabhAva ke sUcaka hai| sUphiyoM ke sAdhanAtmaka evaM bhAvanAtmaka AdarzoM ke sAtha-sAtha dAmpatya pratIkoM kI yojanA tathA prema, sahiSNutA, vaidika karmakANDoM evaM bAhyAcAroM kI AlocanA meM bauddhadharma kA prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / ' 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, sampAdaka DaoN. nagendra santakAvya pRSTha 138 se 142 2. sAhityika nibandha DaoN. gaNapaticandra gupta, santa kAvya udgama srota aura pravRttiyA~ pRSTha 91-93 tathA sAhityika nibandha DaoN. zAntisvarUpa gupta santa kAvya pRSTha 362- 363 . isa prakAra santa sAhitya meM upaniSadoM evaM vedAnta kA dArzanika vivecana, brajayAniyoM kI tAntrika sAdhanA, siddhoM kI gUDhoktiyA~ (ulaTavAsiyA~) nAthapantha kI yogasAdhanA, bauddhoM kA duHkhavAda evaM bAhyAcAroM kI AlocanA, sUphiyoM kA prema, islAma kA ekezvaravAda Adi sabhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM samAhita hai / ina sabake atirikta kucha vidvAnoM ne vaiSNava bhakti Andolana evaM mahArASTrIya santoM kA prabhAva santa kAvya para batAte hue prematattva vaiSNavoM se liyA huA mAnA hai, na ki sUphI mata se / isake lie unhoMne donoM ke prema nirUpaNa meM antara bhI spaSTa kiyA hai| 2

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10 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kaI vidvAnoM ne santa sAhitya para jainadharma kA prabhAva bhI svIkAra kiyA hai - zrI agaracanda nAhaTA ne "sanmati vANI" patrikA meM paM. narmadezvara caturvedI ke eka nibandha "santa sAhitya meM jaina santoM kA yogadAna" kA ullekha kiyA haiN| isa nibandha meM zrI caturvedI ne spaSTa rUpa se jaina santoM kI vANI meM prayukta jaina darzana kI mAnyatAoM ke prabhAva ko santa sAhitya para svIkAra kiyA hai| DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina ne likhA hai - "jaina matAvalambiyoM kI Atmazuddhi evaM AcAra zuddhi kI dRSTi se santa bar3e prabhAvita the| mokSa se jor3ane vAlI sAdhanA ko jainoM ne yoga kahA thA aura santoM kA isa vicAra se avirodha thaa| jainoM ke sAhitya meM dhyAna kA vistRta vivecana milatA hai| 2 DaoN. rAmezvaraprasAdasiMha kI mAnyatA hai ki sAmAjika dRSTikoNa se jaina aura bauddha kI dayA tathA AcAra ko santa kaviyoM ne apnaayaa| DaoN. siMha kA spaSTa mata hai ki "jaina santa kaviyoM evaM inake pUrvavartI kucha jainAcAryoM ne hindI ke santa kAvya ko prerita karane meM prabhUta yoga diyA hai / hindI nirguNa santa kAvya bahulAMzata: prerita prabhAvita huA hai, yaha nissandeha kahA jA sakatA hai|"3 DaoN. muktezvara tivArI ke matAnusAra jainadarzana kA AdhAra naitika saMyama hai| prAcIna mata-matAntaroM se pratyakSa athavA apratyakSa se prabhAvita hokara hamAre hindI santa kaviyoM ne bhI apane sampUrNa sAdhanA kA mUla AdhAra naitika saMyama ko hI mAnA hai / naitika saMyama ke antargata unhoMne satya, ahiMsA, asteya,aparigraha, indriya-nigraha, dayA, kSamA kathanI- karanI kA ekatva, vizvAsa, zraddhA, vinaya, mRdu vacana, dhairya, svAvalambana, parizrama, sarala jIvana, parahita sAdhanA, sevAbhAva, sAdhusaMgati Adi sabhI sRjanAtmaka karmoM ne liyA hai| " ___DaoN. zivakumAra kI mAnyatA hai ki saMtakAvya para jaina muktaka kAvya kA prabhAva dekhA jA sakatA hai| 1. zodha prabandha patrikA aprela 1979, bihAra rASTra bhASA pariSad 2. mahAvIra vANI ke Aloka meM hindI kA santa kAvya-DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina pRSTha 92 3. santa sAhitya meM yoga kA svarUpa-DaoN. rAmezvaraprasAda siMha pRSTha 59 4. madhyayugIna sUphI aura santa sAhitya- DaoN. muktezvara tivArI pRSTha 292-293 5, hindI sAhitya : yuga aura pravRttiyA~- DaoN.zivakumAra pRSTha 124

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. govinda triguNAyata ne svIkAra kiyA hai ki santa loga jaina darzana se paricita the| santoM ne na to veda par3he the aura na, kurAna apitu dezabhara meM phaile hue yogiyoM kA satsaMga avazya kiyA thaa| yaha satsaMga hI ina santoM kI vANI kA mUla srota hai / ina yogiyoM meM jaina yogiyoM kA bhI satsaMga avazya huA hogaa| ata: santa kAvya ko jainAcAryoM se prabhAvita mAnA jA sakatA hai| isa sambandha meM DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina likhate haiM ki - "unhoMne jaina darzana ke siddhAntoM ko pratyakSa rUpa se apanAne kI sambhavata: koI ceSTA nahIM kI thI; phira bhI tatkAlIna jaina muniyoM kI satsaMgati ke prabhAva se jainadarzana ke kucha siddhAntoM kI chAyA unakI vicAradhArA para par3a gayI hai / adhyAtma pakSa kI apekSA santa loga jainadarzana * ke AcAra pakSa se adhika prabhAvita huye haiN| unameM samyagdarzana, samyamjJAna aura samyagcAritra se sambandhita aneka uktiyA~ milatI hai| kucha santoM meM teraha guNasthAnoM kA bhI saphala milatA hai| jainadarzana ke adhyAtma pakSa kI do- eka bAtoM kA bhI santoM kI bAniyoM para prabhAva DhU~r3hA jA sakatA hai|" AcArya parazurAma caturvedI bhI santa sAhitya para jainadharma evaM jainAcAryoM kA prabhAva svIkAra karate haiM / isa sandarbha meM "sAskRtika rekhAe~" meM unake lekha "santa sAhitya aura jaina hindI kavi" ko dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate hai ki santa sAhitya jainadharma, jainadarzana evaM jainAcAryoM se bhI prerita prabhAvita hai| hindI ke nirguNa santa kAvya meM aneka virodhI pravRttiyA~ kI ora iMgita karate hue AcArya rAmacandra zukla kA kathana hai- "nirguNavAda vAle aura dUsare saMtoM ke vacanoM meM kahIM bhAratIya advaitavAda kI jhalaka milatI hai, kahIM yogiyoM ke nAr3I cakra kI, kahIM sUphiyoM ke prematattva kI, kahIM paigambara (kaTTara khudAvAda) kI aura kahIM ahiMsAvAda kii| ata: tAttvikra dRSTi se na to hama inheM pUre 1. hindI kI nirguNa kAvyadhArA aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi- DaoN. govinda triguNAyata pRSTha 96-97 2. mahAvIra vANI ke Aloka meM hindI kA santa kAvya-DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina pRSTha 95

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : advaitavAdI kaha sakate haiM aura na ekezvaravAdI, donoM kA milA julA bhAva inakI bAnI meM milatA hai| inakA lakSya eka aisI sAmAnya bhakti paddhati kA pracAra thA, jisameM hindU aura musalamAna donoM yoga de sakeM aura bhedabhAva kA kucha parihAra ho / bahudevopAsanA, javatAra aura mUrtipUjaH kA khanna ce musalamAnI joza ke sAtha karate the aura musalamAnoM kI kurabAnI (hiMsA), namAja, rojA Adi kI asAratA dikhAte huye brahma, mAyA, jIva, anahadanAda, sRSTi, pralaya Adi kI carcA pUre hindU bahma jJAnI banakara karate the / sArAMza yaha hai ki Izvara pUjA kI una bhinna bhinna bAhya vidhiyoM para se dhyAna haTAkara, jinake kAraNa dharma meM bhedabhAva phailA huA thA, ye zuddha Izvara prema aura sAttvika jIvana kA pracAra karanA cAhate the|" / isI prakAra DaoN. haradasazarmA sudhAMzu ne apane lekha "santa kaviyoM kA hindI sAhitya meM yogadAna" meM likhA hai - "santa kaviyoM ne siddhoM aura nAthoM kI yoga sAdhanA ko, jainoM aura bauddhoM kI ahiMsA ko, vaiSNavoM ke sAttvika jIvana ko prapattivAda ko apanAyA hai / vedAnta ke advaitavAda kI jhalaka unake kAvya meM sarvatra dekhane ko milatI hai - sAtha hI sUphImata kI prema sAdhanA kA prabhAva unhoMne grahaNa kiyA hai| 2 DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa ke anusAra * "kabIra kI nirguNa zAkhA vAstava meM yoga kA hI parivartita rUpa hai jo saphI, islAmI tathA vaiSNava matoM se bhI prabhAvita huI thii|" ' ina santoM ne upAsanA meM nirguNa kI pratiSThA karake tathA paramArtha siddhi meM vedoM, purANoM tathA kurAna Adi kI gauNatA dikhAkara eka aisI bhUmikA taiyAra kI; jisa para hindU aura musalamAna donoM samAna bhAva se khar3e ho sakate the| DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ke anusAra - "nAthapaMtha kA vikasita rUpa santa kAvya meM pallavita huA; jisakA Adi aitihAsika siddhoM ke sAhitya meM hai / gorakhanAtha ne apane paMtha ke pracAra meM jisa haThayoga kA Azraya grahaNa kiyA thA, vahI haThayoga 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa- AcArya rAmacandra zukla pRSTha 65 2. prakAzita patrAcAra adhyayana saMsthAna, rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya jayapura pRSTha 5 3. hindI sAhitya - DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa pRSTha 139 dazam saMskaraNa 4. hindI sAhitya - DaoN.zyAmasundaradAsa pRSTha 143

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana santa kAvya meM sAdhanA kA pradhAna rUpa ho gyaa| ata: siddha sAhitya, nAthapantha aura santa mata eka hI vicAradhArA kI tIna paristhitiyA~ haiN|" DaoN. rAjadevasiMha kA kathana hai ki - santoM ke dhArmika - dArzanika zabdoM ke adhyayana se spaSTa hotA hai ki unake dvArA prayukta pAribhASika zabdoM kI sabase bar3I saMkhyA yoga aura tantroM ke pAribhASika zabdoM kI hai / ata: nizcita hai ki yoga aura tantra santoM kI dArzanika vicAra-paramparA ghane bhAva se sambaddha hai| nAtha paramparA se vikasita hone vAle vibhinna santa sampradAyoM kA guhya yoga-sAdhanA se atIva ghanA sambandha hai / ' nAtha sampradAya kA sambandha bhArata ke atIva prAcIna siddha sampradAya se kahIM na kahIM avazya hai kyoMki nAthoM kI hI taraha siddhoM kA pradhAna lakSya bhI mRtyu ko apavArita karake "amaratA" prApta karanA hI hai| nAthamata ke sambandha meM AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI ke vicAra draSTavya haidasavIM zatAbdI meM bauddhoM, zAktoM aura zaivoM kA bar3A bhArI samudAya aisA thA; jo brAhmaNa aura veda ke prAdhAnya ko nahIM mAnatA thaa| ' nAtha sampradAya mUlata: zaivasampradAya se sambaddha thaa|' nAthamata ko mAnane vAlI jAtiyA~ sAmAjika dRSTi se bahuta nIcI mAnI jAtI hai| hindI santa sAhitya para nAtha sampradAya ke prabhAva kA RNa mUrdhanya manISiyoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai / katipaya vidvAnoM ke vicAra dhyAtavya haiM - madhyakAlIna vicAradhArA para nAtha sampradAya kA akSuNNa prabhAva par3A hai| hindI kA santasAhitya nAtha sampradAya kA jitanA RNI hai, utanA anya kisI sampradAya kA nahIM / kabIra dAdU Adi santa inhIM yogiyoM kI paramparA meM dikhAI par3ate haiM aura apanI bahuta 1. hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa ( tRtIya saMskaraNa) DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA pRSTha 298 2. zabda aura artha : santa sAhitya ke sandarbha meM DaoN.rAjadevasiMha 3. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA DaoN. rAjadeva siMha pRSTha 54 4. vahI pRSTha 55 5. vahI pRSTha 59 6. nAtha sampradAya - AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 145-146 7. vahI pRSTha 3-9 8, vahI pRSTha 20 -23 9. kabIra kI vicAradhArA - DaoN. govinda triguNAyata pRSTha 135

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa sI mAnyatAoM ko usI TakasAla se nikAlate haiM / santa kAvya ke padoM meM jo jJAna, niSThA, zArIrika aura mAnasika pavitratA, bAhyAcAroM kA virodha aura vAksaMyama dikhAI detA hai, usakA mUla srota nAtha paMthiyoM kA sAhitya aura usakI paramparA hI hai / ' santa mata nAthamata kA uttarAdhikArI hai / svayaM nAthamata mahAyAna bauddhadharma se paryApta mAtrA meM prabhAvita hai| isa prakAra nAthamata, santamata aura uttarakAlIna vaiSNava dharma, mahAyAna bauddhadharma se samAnarUpa se prabhAvita aura sambaddha hai / AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI nAthapaMthI yogamArgiyoM para bauddhadharma kA prabhAva svIkAra karate haiM / unake anusAra " Aryetara jAtiyoM meM bahuta pahale se hI vidyamAna duHkhavAda, vairAgya, mUrtipUjA Adi bAteM hindU dharma meM bauddha dharma se hI hokara AI haiM / " 5 3 74 santoM kI bhakti ke sambandha vidvAnoM ke vividha vicAra haiM / jahA~ eka ora AcArya rAmacandra zukla jaise manISI vidvAna madhyakAlIna bhakti kA kAraNa musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa mAnate hue likhate haiM- "deza meM musalamAnoM kA rAjya pratiSThita ho jAne para hindU janatA ke hRdaya meM gaurava aura utsAha ke lie avakAza na raha gyaa| pUjya puruSoM kA apamAna hotA thA aura ve kucha bhI na kara sakate the| aisI dazA meM apanI vIratA ke gIta na to ve gA hI sakate the aura na binA lajjita hue suna hI sakate the| itane bhArI ulaTa-phera ke pIche hindU janasamudAya para bahuta dinoM taka udAsI chAyI rhii| apane pauruSa se hatAza jAti ke lie bhagavAna kI zakti aura karuNA kI ora dhyAna le jAne ke atirikta dUsarA mArga hI kyA thA ?"" vahIM dUsarI ora hindI ke labdhapratiSTha manISI AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI kA tarkasaMgata kathana hai ki agara hama bhakti Andolana ko musalamAnoM ke Agamana ke pariprekSya meM dekheM to isakA Arambha sarvaprathama uttarabhArata meM honA cAhie thA, kyoMki musalamAnoM kA Agamana uttara 1. hindI sAhitya kI nirguNa dhArA meM bhakti- DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa pRSTha 92 2. santa kAvya meM parokSa sattA kA svarUpa- DaoN. bAbUrAva jozI pRSTha 126 3. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA - DaoN. rAjadevasiMha pRSTha 147 4. nAtha sampradAya - AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 59 san 1956 5. sUra sAhitya - AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 49 san 1956 6. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - AcArya rAmacandra zukla pRSTha 65 *

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana se hI huaa| lekina yaha aitihAsika rUpa se saca hai ki bhakta kaMTha sarvaprathama dakSiNa ke AlavAra bhaktoM ke bIca phUTA / itihAsakAra satIzacandra likhate haiM "turkoM ke bhArata Agamana se kAphI pahale se hI yahA~ eka bhakti Andolana cala rahA thA, jisane vyakti aura Izvara ke bIca rahasyavAdI sambandha ko bala dene kA prayAsa kiyA ...---- parantu bhakti Andolana kI jar3e sAtavIM se bArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya dakSiNa bhArata meM hI jmii|...--- zaiva nayanAra aura vaiSNava alavAra jainiyoM aura bauddhoM ke aparigraha ko asvIkAra kara Izvara ke prati vyaktigata bhakti ko hI mukti kA mArga batAte the 1 ata: AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI kA yaha kathana pUrNata: satya hai ki agara musalamAna na bhI Aye hote taba bhI hindI sAhitya kA bAhara AnA vahIM hotA jo Aja hai| santoM kI bhakti ke bAre meM rAmacandra zukla likhate haiM ki - "inakA lakSya eka aisI sAmAnya bhakti paddhati kA pracAra karanA thA; jisameM hindU aura musalamAna donoM yoga de sakeM aura bheda bhAva kA kucha parihAra ho|" - ve Age likhate haiM - kabIra ne jisa prakAra nirAkAra Izvara ke lie bhAratIya vedAnta kA pallA pakar3A; usI prakAra nirAkAra Izvara kI bhakti ke lie sUphiyoM kA prematattva liyA aura apanA "nirguNapantha" dhUmadhAma se nikAlA / ' "santoM kI bhakti ke sambandha meM eka dhArA yaha bhI hai ki bhakti unakI paramparAgata vastu nahIM hai, balki vaha sIkhI huI hai aura rAmAnanda se sIkhI huI hai| lekina santa sAhitya ko sarasarI dRSTi se dekhane para vaha nayI sIkhI huI nahIM lagatI, bhakti unakI apanI hI cIja hai / "* rAmAnanda nirguNabhakti aura yoga ke prati AsthAzIla the aura uttarIbhArata meM pahale se hI svarUpa grahaNa karane vAlI nirguNa bhakti ko rAma kI dizA meM mor3ane kA zrIgaNeza unhIM ke hAthoM meM huA thaa| jise Age calakara kabIra tathA anya anekazaH santoM ne bahuza: pracArita prasArita kiyaa| 1, madhyakAlIna bhArata-satIzacandra (bhArata meM sAMskatika vikAsa) pRSTha 119-201 2. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa- rAmacandra zukla pRSTha 56 3. vahI pRSTha 58 4. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA-DaoN.rAjadevasiMha pRSTha 147 5, vahI pRSTha 164

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : santa sAhitya kI sarjanA kA eka srota bhakti Andolana bhI hai| 'santa kAvya meM jisa bhakti ke darzana hameM hote haiM ; usakI preraNA use mahArASTra ke vArakarI sampradAya se bhI milI hai| isI kA samarthana karate hue DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA kA kathana hai ki "uttarI bhArata meM santa sampradAya kA jo utthAna vaiSNava bhakti ko lekara hatyA, usakA pUrvArddha mahArASTra meM nikala vArakarI sampradAya) ke santoM dvArA prastuta ho cukA thaa|" DaoN. varmA ke anusAra'. viThThala kI Antarika upAsanA ke tIna upakaraNa the - 1 bhakti kA prema tattva 2 nAtha sampradAya kA cintana aura 3 masalamAnI prabhAva se marti upAsanA kA varjita vAtAvaraNa / isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki santa sAhitya kI sarjanA meM inakI preraNA kA pramukha sthAna hai| *sAtha hI unakA yaha kathana bhI draSTavya hai ki - "bhakti Andolana ke mahAsamara meM bhI yoga kA dIpaka santoM kA vizrAma sthala banA rahA / nAtha sampradAya kI AcAra niSThA, vivekasampannatA, aMdhavizvAsoM ko tor3ane kI ugratA eMva paramparAgata karmakANDoM kI nirarthakatA santa sampradAya meM sIdhI calI aaii|"5 DaoN. tArAcanda evaM DaoN. hamAyU kabIra' jaise kucha vidvAna santa kAvya ke prAdurbhAva kA kAraNa eka mAtra islAma ko mAnate haiM kintu, zrI rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara kA mata hai ki - "jisane siddhoM ke pada par3he haiM; vaha trikAla meM bhI nahIM mAna sakatA hai ki nAnaka, kabIra aura dAda ke prAdurbhAva kA eka mAtra kAraNa islAma thaa| santa sAhitya ke marmajJa DaoN, hajArI prasAda dvivedI aura DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA - 20 donoM hI santa kAvya kA sambandha bauddhoM, siddhoM evaM nAthoM kI vANiyoM 1. santa kAvya meM parodha sattA kA svarUpa-DaoN. bAbUrAva jozI pRSTha 44 2. santa kAvya meM parodha sattA kA svarUpa-DaoN. bAbUrAva jozI pRSTha 44 3. hindI sAhitya (dvitIya saMskaraNa) DaoN. rAmakumAra dharmA sampAdaka gharindra varmA evaM ___ ajezvara varmA pRSTha 192 4, santa kAvya meM parokSa sattA kA svarUpa-- DaoN. bAbUrAva jozI pRSTha 44 5. hindI sAhitya (dvitIya saMskaraNa) DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA sampAdaka dhIrendra varmA evaM bajezvara varmA pRSTha 204 6. inphalyUesa oNpha islAma Ana iNDiyana kalcara-DaoN. tArAcanda 7, avara herITeja- DaoN. hamAyU kabIra 8. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya-- rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara pRSTha 19 9. hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA- hajArIprasAda dvivedI san 1944 pRSTha 31 10. hindI sAhitya-DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA pRSTha 189

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana se mAnate haiN| DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI siddha sAhitya ke paravatAMprabhAva aura pAraNAma svarUpa santa sAhitya kA ArvibhAva mAnate haiN| ' DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI ne hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA meM saMtoM kI racanAoM ko bhAratIya cintana kA svAbhAvika vikAsa mAnA hai / unakA kathana hai ki - yadi kabIra Adi nirguNa matavAdI santoM kI vANiyoM kI bAharI rUparekhA para vicAra kiyA jAe to mAlUma hogA ki yaha sampUrNata: bhAratIya hai aura bauddha dharma ke bAda siddhoM aura nAtha paMthI yogiyoM ke padAdi se unakA sIdhA sambandha hai / ' ve saMtoM ko sau phIsadI bhAratIya paramparA meM sambaddha mAnate haiN| unameM bhakti kA rasa aura vedAnta kA jJAna hai|' ___"sArAMza yaha hai ki dhArmika dRSTi se hindU dharma kI vikRtiyoM aura sAmAnya dharma ke tattva, AcAra, tapa, jJAna, vairAgya, satya, AstikatA Adi ke atirikta bauddhadharma kI karmakANDa virodhI. pravRtti, nAtha sampradAya kA AtmAnubhava, viThThala sampradAya kI premapUrNa bhakti, jAtIya bandhana kI zithilatA, svAmI rAmAnanda kA udAra dRSTikANa evaM sUphI mata kI rahasyavAdI mAdakatA santa sAhitya kI pramukha sRjana preraNAe~ haiM / (ca) santa kAvya : sAhitya asAhitya kA nirNaya kAvya yA sAhitya ke lakSaNa, prayojana, sAdhana Adi ke bAre meM bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya aneka vidvAnoM ne apane-apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| DaoN. bhAgIratha mizra ne likhA hai - "kAvya kA svarUpa bar3A vyApaka hai| jitanA vyApaka hai, utanA sUkSma bhii| ata: ise lakSaNa kI paridhi meM bAdhanA atyanta kaThina kArya hai| isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue hama santa kAvya ke svarUpa, viSaya vastu tathA abhivyakti zailI ke bAre meM vicAra kreNge| santa kAvya ke bAre meM katipaya vidvAnoM ke vicAra nimnAMkita hai - DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA ne santa kAvya kI paribhASA dete hue likhA hai ki - "uttara bhArata meM musalamAnI prabhAva kI pratikriyA ke rUpa meM nirAkAra aura amUrta 1. hindI sAhitya-DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI pRSTha 322 se 335 2. hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA- hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 31 3. vahI pRSTha 164 4, santa kAvya meM parokSa sattA kA svarUpa-DaoN. bAbUrAva jozI pRSTha 44 5, kAvyazAstra-DaoN. bhAgIratha mizra pRSTha 1

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mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : Izvara kI bhakti kA jo rUpa sthira huA vahI sAhitya ke kSetra meM "santa kAvya" khlaayaa|" __jahA~ eka ora DaoN. pItAmbara bar3athvAla jaise manISI santoM kI vANiyoM ko sAhitya kI amUlya nidhi mAnate haiM; vahA~ dUsarI ora DaoN. nagendra evaM AcArya rAmacandra zukla ' jaise prabuddha vicAraka santa kAvya ke sAhityika mUlya ko svIkAra hI nahIM karate haiN| santa kAvya kA sAhitya ke nikaSa para mUlyAMkana karane ke lie eka vizeSa dRSTi kI AvazyakatA hai / santa kAvya "laukika" kAvya zAstra kI sudRr3ha maryAdA ke nirNaya kA mukhApekSI nahIM hai / use isa kasauTI para kasanA ucita nahIM hai; kyoMki santa kavi AdhyAtmika sAdhaka the| unakI kAvya nirmANa meM eka vizeSa jIvana dRSTi thii| usa AdhyAtmika dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI hameM unake sAhitya kA nirNaya karanA caahie| isa sandarbha meM DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI kA yaha kathana dhyAtavya hai - "nissandeha isa prakAra kA nirNaya laukika kAvyazAstra kI kasauTI para kasakara diyA jAtA rahA hai / kintu hameM yaha bhUlanA nahIM cAhie ki ina samasta kaviyoM ke sammukha jIvana kA laukika pakSa utanA mahattvapUrNa nahIM thaa| ve sAdhaka the aura sAdhaka ke liye laukika jIvana bandhana thA, ajJAna thA, mAyAjAla thaa| unakI samasta sAdhanA kA lakSya hI yaha thA ki vaha isa mAyAjAla se kisI prakAra mukta hokara laukika jIvana se divya aura AdhyAtmika arthoM ko grahaNa kara paaye| isIliye unake kAvya ko laukika kAvyazAstra kI kasauTI para kasakara hama unakA sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM kara sakate aura na unake dRSTikoNa ko sahI samajha sakate haiN| unake kAvya kA sahI mUlyAMkana karane ke lie hameM usI dRSTikoNa kA paricaya prApta karanA cAhiye jisase prerita hokara, jise AdhAra banAkara yaha kAvya praNIta kiyA gayA hai / "5 -- .- -.. .. ... 1. hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa (tRtIya saMskaraNa) DaoN rAmakumAra varmA pRSTha 2973 2. di nirguNa skUla oNpha hindI poITI : po. DI.bar3athvAla bhUmikA pRSTha 3 3. nagendra ,sabhApati kA vaktavya, nibandha goSThI : bhAratI hindI pariSad 15 vAM adhivezana prayAga 9 4. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - rAmacandra zukla pRSTha 71 5. siddha sAhitya-DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI pRSTha 337, 38

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana zrI rAhula sAMskRtyAyana bhI santa kAvya ko kisI eka dRSTi se dekhane kA niSedha karate haiN| ve likhate haiM - "santa kAvya eka pUrNa zarIra hai, jisake aMga ko dekhakara usakA pUrA paricaya nahIM prApta kara sakate haiN|" 1 santa kAvya kA mUla svara AdhyAtmika yA dhArmika hai, yaha sarvamAnya hai| kintu kevala isIlie hama use kAvya kI paridhi se bAhara nahIM mAna sakate jaisA ki kucha samIkSakoM ne kiyA hai| use dhArmika aura sAmpradAyika kahakara upekSita karanA ThIka nahIM hai / isa sambandha meM DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI kI sthApanA atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai-"kevala naitika aura dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika upadezoM ko dekhakara yadi hama granthoM ko sAhitya sImA se bAhara nikAlane lageMge to tulasI kI rAmAyaNa se bhI alaga honA par3egA, kabIra kI racanAoM ko bhI namaskAra kara denA par3egA aura jAyasI.ko bhI dUra se daNDavat karake vidA kara denA hogaa| isI bAta ko ve sUtra rUpa meM isa prakAra sthApita karate haiM - "dhArmika preraNA yA AdhyAtmika upadeza honA kAvyatva kA bAdhaka nahIM samajhA jAnA caahie|" santa kAvya ko aneka vidvAnoM ne dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika mAnA hai| unameM se kucha vidvAnoM ke vicAra nimnalikhita hai - DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI likhate haiM ki - "siddhoM aura nAdhoM kI anubhUtiyoM kA sIdhA sambandha santa kAvya se hI jor3A jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya jIvana ke madhyayugIna cintana meM bauddhoM ke paravartI rUpa siddhoM tathA zaivoM ke paravartI rUpa nAthoM kA mahattvapUrNa yoga hai| unakI racanAe~ bhI dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika koTi meM AtI haiM / " Age ve likhate haiM - "sampradAyoM ke gaThana hone ke bAda adhikAMza santoM kI vAniyA~ AdhyAtmika piSTapeSaNa aura sAdhanAtmaka UhApoha se bharI 1. hindI sAhitya, bhUmikA rAhula sAMskRtyAyana pRSTha 4 2. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 11 3. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa AcArya rAmacandra zukla pRSTha 17 4. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla pRSTha 11 5. vahI pRSTha 11 6. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya-DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 26 7. vahI pRSTha 28

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XM mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : siddha, nAtha aura santa mata ko dhArmika mAnate hue DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI kA kathana hai ki - "na kevala siddha varana unakI paramparA meM mAne jAne vAle nAthoM aura santoM ke sAhitya ke viSaya meM bhI vidvAnoM kI yaha sammati rahI hai ki unameM kAvya gauNa rahA hai, dhArmika vivecana pramukha / " / santa kAvya kI loka bhUmi sabhA kAvya kI khokabhUmi kA pariSada prApta karanA Avazyaka hai; kyoMki santa kAvya apane yuga evaM apanI paramparA kA lokapratinidhi kAvya hai / kisI bhI deza kA sAhitya usakI sAMskRtika dharohara hotA hai; ataeva santa kAvya bhI hamArI sAMskRtika dharohara hai| 'AcArya parazurAma caturvedI santakAvya kI loka bhUmi kI ora saMketa karate huye likhate haiM - "santa kAvya kI lokapriyatA usake kAvyatva kI pratharatA para nirbhara nhiiN| vaha janasAdhAraNa ke antargata kaviyoM va krAntidarzI vyaktiyoM kI svAnubhUti kI yathArtha abhivyakti hai aura usakI bhASA janasAdhAraNa kI bhASA hai| usameM sAdhAraNa janasulabha pratIkoM ke hI prayoga haiM aura vaha janajIvana ko sparza bhI karatA hai| vaha sabhI prakAra se janakAvya kahalAne yogya hai; jisa kAraNa usakI paramparA kI choreM amita kAla taka upalabdha samajhI jA sakatI hai|" ' DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI bhI santa kAvya ko jana Andolana kI abhivyakti kA sAhitya mAnate haiN|' yadyapi santa kAvya paramparA kA spaSTa svarUpa santa kabIra ke samaya se hI milatA hai tathApi isI pRSThabhUmi meM hameM saMtoM kI vAniyoM kA pUrvarUpa nAthapaMthiyoM kI jogesurI vAniyoM tathA siddhoM ke dohoM meM bhI upalabdha ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra santa kAvya paramparA ko hama usa paramparA se Abaddha pAte haiM, jo bhAratIya loka mAnasa meM zatAbdiyoM se apanA sthAna banAye hue hai| yugoM se pravAhita bhAratIya loka mAnasa kI kriyA pratikriyA hI vAstavika rUpa meM santa-sAhitya kI pRSThabhUmi hai|... santa kAvya isI loka jIvana kI vANIgata abhivyakti hai / yadyapi santa kAvya bhAratIya cintanadhArA kA svAbhAvika vikAsa hai; kintu muslima - AkramaNoM ne bhI santa kAvya kI lokabhUmi ko 1. siddha sAhitya-DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI pRSTha 237 2. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya-DaoN.komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 27 3. AlocanA itihAsa vizeSAMka- "santa kAvya kI paramparA" lekha parazurAma caturvedI pRSTha 8 4. hindI sAhitya bhUmikA- DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 31 5. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya-DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 31 6. vahI pRSTha 32

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana apanI taraha se prabhAvita karane kA kama prayatna nahIM kiyaa| yaha bAta alaga hai ki yadi muslima AkrAntAoM ne isa deza para AkramaNa na bhI kiye hote to bhI santa kAvya kI pRSThabhUmi kA yahI rUpa hotA / 'jabaki kucha vidvAna santa kAvya ke prAdurbhAva kA kAraNa muslima AkramaNoM ko svIkAra karate haiN| ' vastuta: santakAvya bhAratIya cintana kA svAbhAvika vikAsa hai| usake sRjana ke lie kevala eka rAjanItika ghaTanA kA Azraya hI paryApta nahIM hai| sArAMza ke rUpa meM DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI kA kathana mananIya hai - "mahajiyA sinda kI vAriza jaina muniyoM ke sudhAraka sampradAya, nAthayogI sampradAya, vaiSNava AcArya bhakta, sUphI phakIra Adi hI mUlarUpa meM santa kAvya kI lokabhUmi ke nirNAyaka tatva haiN| jinameM nimnavargIya samAja ke adhikAroM kI tIvra dhvani hai, vedAnta kA vyAvahArika jJAna hai, tantroM kI prabhAvapUrNa yogadhArA hai aura anubhavajanya satya kI prApti kI sahaja lAlasA bhii|" santa kAvya jana Andolana thA aura pratyeka jana Andolana lokabhASA ke dvArA hI prabhAvazIla hotA hai, isalie santoM ne apane kAvya meM lokabhASA ko hI apnaayaa| "unakA lakSya una sarvasAdhAraNa hRdayoM para adhikAra karanA thA; jo janatA ke pradhAna aMga the| ve una taka sthAnIya boliyoM ke sahAre hI pahuMca sakate the| saMskRta aura prAkRta jo dharmagranthoM tathA kAvya ke lie bhI pariSkRta bhASAe~ samajhI jAtI thIM, unake sAmane upekSita bana gyiiN| santa kavi sAdhaka hai, kavitA unakA karma nahIM hai, anubhUti hI unake lie pradhAna hai|' kavitA kisI uddezya kA sAdhana mAtra hai| ve satya ke pracAraka the aura kavitA ko unhoMne satya ke pracAra kA eka prabhAvapUrNa sAdhana mAna rakhA thaa| ve loka pradhAnata: kavi nahIM the| kAvya kA kalAtmaka sRjana unakA nizcita uddezya na thaa| aise kaviyoM se unheM ghuNA thI, jo kAvya racanA ko hI apanA kartavya mAnA karate the| kabIra aise logoM ko avasaravAdI kahate haiN|' 1. hindI sAhitya, bhUmikA- DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 8 2. hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa - DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA pRSTha 215 3. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kASya-DaoN.komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 32 4. hindI sAhitya meM nirguNa sampradAya - DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla pRSTha 340 5. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya-DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 27 6. vahI pRSTha 29 7. hindI sAhitya meM nirguNa sampradAya DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3appAla pRSTha 339 para udhRta (kavijana jogI jaTAghara ghale apanI ausara sAri)

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82. mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : .3. uparyukta sabhI vivecana se santa kAvya ke sAhityika asAhityika hone sambandhI nimnalikhita tathya sAmane Ate haiM - 1. santa sAhitya bhAvAtmaka evaM anubhUti pravaNa hai / usameM kisI zAstra yA siddhAnta ke prati Agraha nahIM hai| 2. satya kA nirUpaNa, vivecana evaM pracAra-prasAra hI santa sAhitya kA mUla lakSya hai| isIlie santa kaviyoM ne kAvya-sauSThava evaM bhASA-parimArjana kI ora dhyAna nahIM diyA hai| santa kaviyoM kA lakSya kAvya racanA nahIM thaa| unakI racanAoM meM jana-jana ke hita evaM unake udbodhana kI bhAvanA sannihita hai| isa dRSTi se santa sAhitya dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika tathA upadezapradhAna hai| santa kAvya jana sAhitya hai, jisameM janabhAvanAoM ko jAgRta karane ke lie parizrama kiyA gayA hai / isa prayAsa meM santa kaviyoM ko AzAtIta saphalatA milI hai| santoM kI bhASA kA rUpa sthira nahIM hai| santa paryaTanazIla the| ataH unakI bhASA meM vividha bhASAoM evaM boliyoM kA sammizraNa ho gayA hai, parantu yaha bhASA sarala, sahaja, kRtrimata vihIna evaM janasAdhAraNa taka bhAvoM ko pahuMcAne meM vizeSa sahAyaka hai / ise hI rAmacandra zukla "sadhukkar3I bhASA" kahate haiN| vividha bhASAoM aura boliyoM ke zabdoM ke sammizraNa ke kAraNa usameM sAhityikatA kA samAveza nahIM ho pAyA 5. 6. santa kAvya par3he likhe logoM ke dvArA sammAna kI dRSTi se nahIM dekhA gyaa| nirguNa kAvyadhArA ke santa kavi sAmAnyatayA samAja ke nimna vargoM meM AvirbhUta hue the| unake anuyAyiyoM ne paMthoM evaM sampradAyoM kA gaThana kiyaa| inameM bhI sAmAnyata: janatA kA nimna varga hI sammilita huaa| 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa sampAdaka-DaoN.nagendra pRSTha 140 2. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - AcArya rAmacandra zukla pRSTha 67 3. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa sampAdaka- DaoN. nagendra pRSTha 140 4. vahI pRSTha 140

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 8. santoM kI usa paramparA meM jisakA pravartana kabIra ne kiyA thA, zataza: kavi AvirbhUta hue; parantu ve saba sacce arthoM meM na kavi hai, na unakA kAvya sAhityika kSetra meM ullekhanIya hai| ' isa sandarbha meM AcArya rAmacandra zukla kA kaNa darzanIya hai . "isa pAtA kI racanAe~ sAhityika nahIM haiM, phuTakara dohoM yA padoM ke rUpa meM haiM; jinakI bhASA aura zailI adhikatara avyavasthita evaM U~TapaTAMga hai|" "nirguNa kAvyadhArA meM vizeSata: kabIra, dAdU, sundaradAsa aura haridAsa niraMjanI kI sAkhiyoM evaM padoM meM sazakta abhivyaMjanA, gambhIra rahasyAtmaka uktiyA~, prabhAvazAlI rUpaka aura bhASA kA svAbhAvika pravAha vidyamAna hai / inake kAvya meM gambhIra anubhUtiyoM kI kalAtmaka vyaMjanA kurlabha nahIM hai| isI tathya kA samarthana DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI ne nimnAMkita zabdoM meM kiyA hai - "sabhI nirguNa santoM kI sabhI vANiyA~ kAvya kI koTi meM nahIM AtI, kintu AdhyAtmika sAdhakoM kI saundaryamUlaka zAzvata abhivyakti ko kAvya kI saMjJA se vaMcita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / " santa kAvya laukika kAvya zAstra kI sudRr3ha maryAdA kA mukhApekSI nahIM 10. santa kAvya kA jo mahattva sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika evaM rAjanItika dRSTi se hai, vaha sAhityika dRSTi se nhiiN| santa sAhitya kI jo laukika sImAe~ va kAvyazAstrIya evaM bhASA vaijJAnika svIkRtiyA~ haiM; unameM isa kAvyadhArA ko nahIM bA~dhA jA sakatA; parantu pAramArthika, alaukika evaM dArzanika jagata kI jhAMkiyoM ko prastuta karane vAle santa sAhitya kA apanA mahattva hai| _. .. - 1, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa sampAdaka-- DaoN, nagendra pRSTha 140 2 hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa- AcArya rAmacandra zukla pRSTha 140 3. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa- sampAdaka DaoN. nagendra pRSTha 71 4. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya-DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI pRSTha 29 5. " isalie aneka kAvya ko laukika kAvya zAstra kI kasauTI para kasakara hama usakA sahI mUlyAMkana nahIM kara sakate / * siddha sAhitya , DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI pRSTha 237

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14 mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : (cha) santayugIna paristhitiyA~ tathA santoM kA pradeya santoM ke bhAva, vicAra aura vizvAsa jisa vAtAvaraNa meM panape aura bar3he, vaha vAtAvaraNa bar3A vicitra thaa| bhAratIya madhyayugIna samAja eka ora to apane andara hI andara phaile hue jAtiyoM-upajAtiyoM ke vargIkaraNa tathA vighaTana ke bhayaMkara viSa se mRtaprAya: ho rahA thA, dUsarI ora musalamAna zAsakoM ke nirantara AkramaNoM aura vividha atyAcAroM se trasta dhvasta ho rahA thaa| dhArmika, Arthika, naitika, sAmAjika, rAjanaitika Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se ghora nirAzA kA vAtAvaraNa vyApta thaa| ___ AcArya parazurAma caturvedI ne tatkAlIna dhArmika sthiti ke bAre meM likhA hai ki --"dharma ke kSetra meM na kevala hindU tathA musalamAna do vargoM meM ba~Takara Apasa meM lar3abhir3a rahe the; apitu yatI, jogI, sanyAsI, sAkata, jaina, zekha tathA kAjI bhI sarvatra apanI hA~ka rahe the| sabhI apane apane ko satya mArga kA pathika mAnakara eka dUsare ke prati ghRNA tathA dveSa ke bhAva rakhate the| isa prakAra vargoM ke bhItara bhI upavargoM kI sRSTi ho rahI thI, jo pratyeka dUsare ko nitAnta bhinna tathA vidharmI taka samajhane kI ceSTA karatA thaa|" isI prakAra tatkAlIna bhArata kI rAjanaitika durdazA para vicAra karate hue DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA likhate haiM ki "isa samaya rAjanIti kaTI huI pataMga kI bhA~ti patanonmukha ho rahI thii| jo isakI ghisaTatI huI Dora pakar3a letA, vahI use bhAgyAkAza kI U~cAI taka le jAtA / rAjanIti meM koI pavitratA nahIM rhii| kUTanIti, hiMsA, chala, trizUla kI bhA~ti phaiMke jAte the aura deza ke vakSasthala meM cubhakara use nahalA dete the| zmazAna meM ghUmate hue pretoM kI bhA~ti dillI ke zAsaka zavoM para baiThakara Ananda se khilakhilA uThate the| jaba zAsakoM kI sevA meM rahane vAle hijar3e aura gulAma bhI siMhAsana para adhikAra kara prajA ke bhAgya kA nirNaya karate the to unake prati janatA ke hRdaya meM kitanI zraddhA aura svAmibhakti ho sakatI thI ? isa bhA~ti zAsaka varga janatA kI sahAnamati kho cukA thaa| janatA bhI "koi nRpa hou" kI manovRtti se rAjanIti ke prati udAsIna thI / " 2 1, uttarI bhArata kI santa paramparA- DaoN. parazurAma caturvedI pRSTha 182-183 2. hindI sAhitya- DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA dvitIya khaNDa pRSTha 196

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 85 samAja meM chuAchUta, U~ca-nIca, jAti-prathA, varNavyavasthA Adi kA bolabAlA thaa| bAhyADambara tathA aMdhavizvAsa vyApaka the| mUrtipUjA evaM bahudevavAda pracalita thaa| narabali tathA pazubali bhI dI jAtI thii| samAja meM do varga the - ucca varga aura nimna varga / ucca varga aiza-ArAmayukta evaM vilAsitAmaya jIvana vyatIta karatA thA; jabaki nimna varga ko roTI, kapar3A, makAna bhI nasIba nahIM hotA shaa| vaha abhizapta hokara anasana sTAra jIvana bitAtA thaa| ina pA~ca sau varSoM kI anizcita rAjanItika paristhitiyoM se janajIvana zoSaNa, utpIr3ana evaM atyAcAra kI karuNa gAthA bana gayA thaa|' uparyukta sabhI paristhitiyoM ke sandarbha meM kabIra Adi santoM ko prAcIna dharmagranthoM, veda-purANoM kI nindA kara sahajajJAna aura brahma kI anubhUti para bala denA pdd'aa| unhoMne vilAsitA ke viruddha indriyoM ko jItane kI preraNA dii| bAhyADambaroM ke viruddha karma aura vacana meM sAmaMjasya tathA mana kI pavitratA kI ora dhyAna dilAyA / isa loka kI bhautika sukha-samRddhi, pada-pratiSThA Adi ke sAmane jagata, jIvana, aizvarya Adi kI kSaNabhaMguratA kI ora dhyAna dilAte hue mukti-prApti, sahajajJAna yA brahmAnubhUti kA sandeza diyaa| santoM ne mAnavajIvana ko kaSTa dene vAle sabhI niyamoM aura mAnyatAoM kA joradAra khaNDana kiyA / eka ora jahA~ unhoMne vighaTanakArI mAnyatAoM ko chor3ane kA anurodha kiyA; dUsarI ora vahIM sAravAn bAtoM ko apanAne kA Agraha bhI kiyaa| tabhI to kabIra ne kahA thA - sAdhu aisA cAhie, jaisA sUpa subhAya / sAra sAra ko gahi rahe, thothA deya ur3Aya / / muslima AkramaNoM evaM unakI kaTTaratAoM ke kAraNa santoM ne pratimopAsanA (mUrtipUjA) kA virodha kiyA / tilaka chApA, mAlA-japa, tIrtha-snAna, vrata Adi dhArmika bAhyADambaroM kA virodha kiyaa| dharma kA Antarika svarUpa cittanirodha dvArA hRdayatA kI pavitratA yA Atmazuddhi prApta karanA btlaayaa| sAMsArika 1. hindI sAhitya- DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIciva pRSTha 13

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : moha-mAyA tathA indriya-viSayoM se apane mana ko haTAkara nirguNa, sarvavyApaka sarva zaktimAna paramatattva kI ora lagAkara apanA Atmahita karane tathA samAja ko vizvakalyANa ke patha para agrasita karane kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyaa| apane isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie nAma-japa, satsaMga, sadguru kI mahimA kA udghoSa kiyA / AtmA kI amaratA kA pratipAdana karate hae usI meM brahmajyoti ke darzana kI bAta khiiN| mAnava jIvana ko samatA, sahiSNutA, vizvabandhutA kI ora agrasara bharane ke lie atima tIra meM satya, dayA, kSamA, prema Adi kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyaa| Atmazuddhi ke lie kAma, krodha, mada, moha, lobha Adi manovikAroM kA parityAga karane kA upadeza diyaa| sAtha hI unheM jIvonnati meM bAdhaka mAnate hue unakI kaTu AlocanA bhI kii| pArivArika evaM sAmAjika jIvana kI santuSTi evaM suvyavasthA ke lie pAtivrata dharma evaM santoSa bhAva kI mahimA bhI btaayii| santa kaviyoM ke kAvya meM eka vizeSa prakAra kA jIvana-darzana abhivyakta huA hai; jisameM saMsAra kI nissAratA evaM jIvana kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai tathA kAmakrodhAdi se pare rahakara sarvazaktimAna paramAtmA nirguNa brahma ke sAkSAtkAra ke nimitta nitya nirata rahane ko kahA gayA hai / etadartha yoga sAdhanA kI mahimA batalAyI gayI tathA sahaja samAdhi kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA / vyaktigata jIvana meM ina AdarzoM ko grahaNa karane ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika jIvana meM tyAga, audArya, vairAgya, santoSa, dayA, kSamA Adi guNoM ko apanAne kA Agraha kiyA gayA / ina santa kaviyoM ne laukika jIvana ko bhI atyanta sarala, nirmala aura svAbhAvika banAne ke upadeza diye tathA sadAcAra Adi para vizeSa jora DAlA / isa sabakA phala yaha huA ki sAmAnya bhakti mArga khar3A huA, jisakA AdhAra parokSa sattA kI ekatA aura laukika jIvana kI saralatA huaa| AcArya parazurAma caturvedI ke anusAra - "kahIM santoM kI kavitA meM AtmavicAra kI lahareM hai, kahIM bhAvabhagati kA guNAnuvAda, kahIM nAmasmaraNa kA mAhAtmya aura kahIM sahajazIla kI sAdhanA / " DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa kA mata hai ki "santoM" kI vicAradhArA satya kI khoja meM bahI hai, usI kA prakAza karanA unakA dhyeya 1. hindI sAhitya- DaoN.zyAmasundaradAsa pRSTha 143 2. hindI sAhitya kI parakha DaoN. parazurAma caturvedI

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 1 hai| unakI vicAradhArA kA pravAha jIvanadhArA ke pravAha se bhinna nahIM / " santoM kI vicAradhArA kA pUrvakAlIna pRSThabhUmiyoM yA paristhitiyoM ke sandarbha meM vivecana karate hue DaoN. rAjadevasiMha kA nimnalikhita kathana dhyAtavya haiM- " spaSTa hai ki vaidika kAla se bhAratIya jAtiprathA ke atIva rUr3ha ho jAne taka aneka avaidika paramparA vAlI jAtiyA~ isa deza meM vartamAna rahI hai| jIvana aura jagata ke sambandha meM unakI apanI tattvadRSTi thI; dharma, AcAra evaM sAdhanA kI apanI paddhatiyA~ tathA Arthika suvidhA evaM sAmAjika sammAnaprApta abhijAta vargoM kI apekSA jIvana-jagata kI sukhamayatA ke prati ye sadaiva anAsthAzIla rahane ko vivaza rahIM haiN| vaidika AcAra evaM karmakANDa ke prati upekSA, avahelanA yA kaTutara AkramaNa kI vRtti inakI vizeSatA hai| karma siddhAnta meM unakI AsthA hai| saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA aura mAyAmayatA meM inakA aTUTa vizvAsa hai, ahiMsA ke prati ye atIva AsthAzIla haiN| nirAkAra bhAva kI upAsanA inameM pracalita rahI hai aura mUla vaidikAparA meM par3hane vAle dina paramparA dvArA svIkRta yA vaidika paramparA ko svIkRta karane vAle suvidhA sampanna vargoM dvArA ye sadaiva hIna mAne gaye haiN| vijJAna- yuga ke prArambha ke pUrva taka ina logoM kI apanI aTUTa vicAra paramparA rahI hai (jo TUTa jAne ke bAda bhI abhI vartamAna hai) aura jIvana-jagata ke prati ve isI khAsa paramparA ke prakAza meM kriyA pratikriyA karate rahe haiN| santa usI vicAra paramparA se sambaddha haiM aura jIvana-jagata ko unhoMne usI tarIke se dekhA-parakhA aura apanAyA hai|" 2 (ja) santa sAhitya kI prAsaMgikatA toM kI paramparAe~ atIva ucca mahAna evaM bhavya hai / inake sAhitya meM AtmakalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha loka kalyANa kI bhAvanA sarvatra dRSTigata hotI hai| inhoMne samAja kI sevA pUrNataH niSpakSa evaM niHsvArtha bhAva se ko; tabhI kabIra kahate haiM - kabirA khar3A bAjAra meM, cAhata sabakI khair| na kAhU se dostoM, na kAhU se baira / / 1. hindI sAhitya - DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa pRSTha 155 2. santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA -- DaoN. rAjadevasiMha pRSTha 66-67 87

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K8 gata: mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : yadyAne sAmAnyata: ina santoM meM nApatAmya, vicAra aura cintana aikya upalabdha hotA hai tathApi unameM maulikatA sarvatra vidyamAna hai| ina sabhI santoM ne kathanI aura karanI ke aikya dvArA eka navIna jIvana darzana kI sthApanA kI tathA mAnava jIvana ko samunnata karane, usakA AdhyAtmika AdhAra para punarnirmANa karane, isa loka meM rahakara bhI jIvanamukta rahane tathA vizva kalyANa meM sahayoga dene ko apanA lakSya bnaayaa| isI dRSTi se unakA sAhitya sarvathA spRhaNIya evaM paMsagika rahA hai aura bhaviSya meM bhI rhegaa| santa kAvya kI paramparA tattvata: usa kAvyaracanA paddhati kI ora saMketa karatI haiM, jo mAnava samAja kI mUla pravRttiyoM para AdhArita hai / vaha kisI samaya Apa se Apa cala par3I thI aura vaha nirantara usI rUpa meM vikasita bhI hotI gii| vaha usa kAla se vidyamAna hai, jaba bhASA ke Upara vyAkaraNa, piMgala, kAvyazAstra Adi ke niyama upaniyamoM kA koI bandhana nahIM thA / yadyapi vyAkaraNa Adi ke kAvyazAstrIya niyamoM se Abaddha kAvya usI samaya ziSTa yA sabhya varga dvArA sammAnanIya bana rahA thA, phira bhI mAnava kI svAbhAvika pravRttiyoM ko pratibimbita karane vAlA, vyAkaraNa, bhASA, rasa, chanda, alaMkAra Adi ke niyamoM meM na ba~dhane vAlA janasAmAnya dvArA AdaraNIya santakAvya tathA anya samasta dhArmika sAhitya bhI samAja kI amUlya sAMskRtika dharohara bana rahA thaa| santa sAhitya apane AkAra prakAra meM vipula evaM vividha hai| parantu usa para kisI eka jAti, dharma, sampradAya bhASA evaM bhAva kA ekAdhikAra nahIM hai| vaha jAti, deza, kAla Adi se pare sArvajanika sArvabhaumika evaM sArvakAlika hai| viSaya vastu kI dRSTi se vaha jitanA mahAna hai, usase kahIM adhika mahimA-maMDita / santa kAvya meM mAnavIya mUla pravRttiyoM kA na kevala udAttIkaraNa huA, apitu unako sabhI prakAra se caramotkarSa para pahu~cAne kA stutya evaM sarAhanIya prayAsa bhI kiyA gyaa| sAtha hI una santoM ke dvArA jo sAkSara na hokara bhI zikSita the| unake dvArA apane amUlya pradeya ko yA cintana ko korI kalpanA ke dharAtala para hI nahIM chor3a diyA gayA, apitu use anubhava kI bhAvabhUmi para bhI utArA gyaa| unake sabhI vicAra anubhava dvArA puSTa hue haiN| inakA bhAvasaundarya

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89 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana mAtra manovaijJAnika AbhA nahIM, apitu samAdhistha citta kI ekAgratA kA pratIka bhI hai / usameM sahaja jIvana kI saralatA hI nahIM, balki tarala jIvana kI Avegamaya gatizIlatA bhI hai| usameM na kevala samasAmAyika cetanA kA sphuraNa hai, apitu zAzvata mUlyoM kA satata anveSaNa bhI hai| jahA~ usameM lokakalyANa karane kI bhAvanA hai, vahA~ rUr3hiyoM ko tor3ane kA sAhasa bhI hai / jahA~ isake pIche "Atmavat sarvabhUteSu" aura "vasudhaiva kuTumbakam" jaisI ArSa granthoM kI preraNA hai vahA~ sAtha divyadRSTi- sampanna santoM ke anubhava kI paramparAgata virAsata bhI hai / isIlie vaha paramatattva hai| anubhavAzrita satya kI pratiSThA sabhI jAtiyoM, dharmoM evaM sampradAyoM, yahA~ taka kI Astika-nAstika donoM ke yahAM bhI samAna rUpa se svIkRta hai| isI satya ko apanA viSaya banAnA santoM kA abhISTa evaM kAmya rahA hai| isalie santa kAvya koI vAda nahIM hai, jisake lie vivAda khar3A kiyA jAe / santoM kA pradeya kisI sarakArI kAnUna jaisA nahIM hai, jisake lie bAdhyatA anivArya ho apitu vaha to sadbhAvapUrNa saMketa yA sujhAva mAtra hai, jisameM AtmakalyANa ke sAtha vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA nihita hai, vyakti hita ke sAtha samaSTi hita saMlagna hai / unake kAvya meM vyakta kSobha yA vidroha kisI vizeSa jAti, dharma yA sampradAya ke prati na hokara samAja kI avyavasthA tathA sAMsArika jar3atA ke prati hai / yaha vaicArika vidroha viplava ke lie nahIM; apitu suniyojita satyaniSTha krAnti ke lie hai aura vaha krAnti bhI anubhUtipuSTa evaM prAmANika hai / santoM ne mAnavatAvAda, samAjavAda aura adhyAtmavAda ke viziSTa mUlyoM ko sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA; jisase vaira-virodha, kRtrima bhedopabheda tathA sampUrNa viSamatAe~ svataH vinaSTa ho gyiiN| santoM ne paristhitiyoM kA parIkSaNa tathA AtmA kA nirIkSaNa karate hue navIna vyavasthAe~ dI, jo AtmIyatA kA bodha tathA anubhUti kI sAmarthya paidA karane meM sakSama huI / yadi aisA na hotA to U~ce se U~ce Adarza aura vyApaka siddhAnta bhI vANI ke viSaya yA buddhi ke vilAsa bana kara raha jAte / santoM ke samasta pradeya yA viSayavastu kI vizvasanIya kasauTI vyavahAra tathA sadAcAra hI hai / unhoMne karmakANDa tathA bAhyADambara se sevApAva tathA AtmasaMyama sahita sAmAjika naitikatA ko adhika mahattva diyA / vyavahAra

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : meM sevAbhAva tathA sadAcAra ke abhAva meM Aja koTi-koTi reDiyo, TelIvijana, pustakeM tathA vyakti vaha prabhAva utpanna nahIM kara pA rahe haiM ; jo eka sadAcAraniSTha evaM sevAbhAvayukta saMta sahaja hI paidA kara detA hai, kyoMki manuSyatA usake rUpa tathA AkRti meM nahIM, usakI AcAraniSTha prakRti meM hai| santa dhArmika hone ke sAtha sAtha AdhyAtmika puruSa bhI haiM / dayA, kSamA, prema, maitrI, karuNA, jaise mAnavIyaguNa dharma ke pramukha lakSaNa haiM ; jo vyakti ko samAja se jor3e rahate haiN| dharma meM hRdaya kI pavitratA tathA buddhi kA naitika vyApAra bhI sammilita haiN| santoM kI dharmasAdhanA mokSarUpI parama sAdhya kA sAdhana hai / isa sAdhanA meM "cittavRtti-nirodha" siddhAnta kA pAlana anivArya hai| mokSa rUpI sAdhya kI siddhi hetu citta kI ekAgratA Avazyaka hai aura citta kI ekAgratA ke lie nAnA vRttiyoM kA nirodha jarUrI hai| citta kI ekAgratA yogI aura bhakta donoM ke lie samAna rUpa se grAhya hai / ekaniSTha hue binA koI bhI saphalatA na sukara hai na sugama / phira mokSa jaisI siddhi kI kyA bAta ? usake lie to sacamuca jala se bhinna kamala kI taraha jIvanmukta sthiti lAnA hI hogI / sampatti aura sattA ke pralobhana yA AkarSaNa se mukta hokara parAvalambana chor3anA hogA tathA AdhyAtmika dRSTi se svAvalambI bananA hogaa| svAvalambana ke sAtha-sAtha svAbhimAna jAgRta karate hue svamahattA ko jAnakara sva meM tanmaya ho jAnA hI saccA adhyAtma hai aura yahI santoM kA parama iSTa (pradeya) hai| santa aura santamata yadyapi purAkAlIna hai tathApi santa sAhitya va santa Andolana paravartIkAlIna hai / sampUrNa santa sAhitya yA santamata kI AsthA AdhyAtmika unnati evaM vikAsa meM hai / jahA~ "maiM aura tU" "jJAtA-jJeya", "guNa-guNI" jaise bheda bhI tirohita ho jAte haiN| sthAyI sukha evaM saccI zAnti AdhyAtmika jIvana jIne meM hI hai / AdhyAtmika anubhUti (AtmAnubhUti) ke abhAva meM sthAyI zAnti evaM sukha samRddhi ke vividha prayoga anubhavazUnya tAntrika jor3a-tor3a se adhika mahattva ke nahIM ho pAte haiN| ataH saccA sukha evaM sthAyI nirAkula zAnti pAne ke lie santoM aura santamata yA santavANI kI AvazyakatA evaM upayogitA Aja bhI hai aura Age bhI rhegii|

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana santa sAhitya hamArI sAMskRtika dharohara kA sajaga praharI evaM saMrakSaka to hai hI; sAtha hI vaha AgAmI pIr3hI kA preraNAstrota bhI hai / santoM ne sAMskRtika ghAta - pratighAta se utpanna viSama paristhitiyoM meM apanA astitva kAyama rakhakara pratikUla vAtAvaraNa meM samabuddhi rakhane evaM santulita rahane kI preraNA dI haiM / isa dRSTi se santa sAhitya kI prAsaMgikatA Aja bhI jIvita evaM jvalanta hai| santoM ne apane upadezoM dvArA hamArI saMskRti kI rakSA kI, mAnavIya mUlyoM ko puSTa kiyA, jAti pA~ti kA bheda miTAyA tathA svAvalambana kA bhAva jagAkara puruSArtha karane kI preraNA dii| isIlie sampUrNa santa sAhitya meM samanvaya bhAvanA, saha-astitva ko svIkRti, dhArmika sahiSNutA, bandhutva kI kAmanA tathA vasudhaiva kuTumbakam kI huI hai| yahA~ taka kahA jA sakatA hai tathA anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai ki bhAratIya saMvidhAna meM jo dharmanirapekSatA tathA janatantrIya samAjavAda dRSTikoNa hotA hai, vaha santa sAhitya kI hI dena hai yA santoM kI vANiyoM kA hI pratiphala hai| sAtha hI vartamAna meM vyakti, samAja, rASTra evaM vizva kI samasta jaTila se jaTila samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu samAnatA, svatantratA, sahiSNutA, vizvabandhutA jaise aneka pradeya, srota yA mAdhyama hai; jinake kAraNa Aja bhI santa sAhitya kI upayogitA, mahattA evaM prAsaMgikatA asaMdigdha haiM *** 91

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bhagavanta bhajana ....... bhagavanta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re| Teka // yaha saMsAra raina kA sapanA, tana-dhana vAri babUlA re|| bhagavanta bhajana . // isa jIvana kA kauna bharosA, pAvaka meM tRNa pUlA re| kAla kuThAra lie sira ThAr3A, kyA samajhe mana phUlA re / / // bhagavanta bhajana . // svAratha sAthai pA~va-pA~va tU , paramAratha ko lUlA re| kahu~ kaise sukha ye haiM prANI, kAma karai dukha mUlA re / / / bhagavanta bhajana . // moha pizAca chalyo mati mAre, nija kara kadha vasUlA re| bhaja zrI rAjamatI-vara 'bhUdhara', do duramati sira dhUlA re|| / bhagavanta bhajana . " - bhUdharadAsa

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dvitIya adhyAya | bhUdharadAsayugIna pRSThabhUmi (ka) rAjanItika paristhitiyoM (kha) sAmAjika evaM Arthika paristhitiyA~ (ga) dhArmika paristhitiyoM (gha) sAhityika paristhitiyoM

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 93 bhUdharadAsayugIna pRSThabhUmi prasiddha samAjazAstrI arastU ke zabdoM meM manuSya eka sAmAjika prANI hai samAja se pRthak usake astitva kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| pazuoM kA bhI eka sAmAjika jIvana hotA hai| ve sAtha-sAtha uThate-baiThate, khAte pIta aura krIr3A karate haiN| eka dUsare ke sukha duHkha meM sahAnubhUti kA paricaya dete haiN| phira buddhi aura bhAvanAoM kA akSayakoSa mAnava asAmAjika kaise raha sakatA hai ? kavi samAja se kaI rUpoM aura arthoM meM prabhAvita hotA hai, sAtha hI mahAna kavi samAja aura samaya ko bhI prabhAvita karatA hai| ataH sAhityakAra evaM usake prAmANika adhyayana ke lie usa yuga kI sAmAjika, Arthika, rAjanItika, dhArmika evaM sAhityika sthitiyoM kA avalokana karanA Avazyaka haiN| 1 deza aura kAla se sAhitya kA avicchinna sambandha haiM aura pratyeka deza ke vibhinna kAloM kI sAmAjika, rAjanItika, dhArmika Adi sthitiyoM kA prabhAva usa sAhitya para par3atA hai, / ' DaoN. rAmazaMkara rasAla ke anusAra bhI " janatA kI cittavRtti para deza kI rAjanItika, sAmAjika, sAmpradAyika evaM dhArmika paristhitiyoM athavA dazAoM kA bahuta gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai| janatA kI cittavRtti kI paramparA isI se mizrita hotI hai| ataH sAhitya kI paramparA ko samajhane ke lie prathama hI ina sabakA paryApta yA pUrNajJAna prApta kara lenA cAhie kyoMki sAhitya kI paramparA janatA kI paramparAgata cittavRttiyoM se hI pUrNatayA prabhAvita hotI huI banA karatI hai" / ataH bhUdharadAsa ko samajhane ke lie una samakAlIna rAjanItika, sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika sandarbhoM evaM tAtkAlika sAhityika pravRttiyoM ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai; jinase ve yatkiMcit prabhAvita hue the } 2 (ka) rAjanItika paristhitiyA~ aitihAsika dRSTi se bhUdharadAsa kA kAla auraMgajeba, jahA~darazAha, pharUkhaziyAra tathA muhammadazAha kA zAsana kAla rhaa| yaha samaya mugala sattA ke avasAna kA samaya thaa| bAbara se zAhajahA~ taka kA vaibhavazAlI mugala sAmrAjya aba auraMgajeba ke adhIna thaa| auraMgajeba ne akabara kI udAranIti ko pUrI taraha samApta kara diyA / 1. hindI sAhitya -- DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa pRSTha 25 2. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa- DaoN. rAmazaMkara zukla 'rasAla'

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa rAjyArohaNa hote hI usane pracalita hindU prathAoM aura rAjyapadoM ke lie hinduoM kI niyukti banda kara dI / ' san 1702 I. meM usane phauja se bhI hinduoM ko haTA diyA / ' usane hinduoM para jajiyA kara lagA diyaa| isakI puSTi na kevala itihAsa se hotI hai, apitu tatkAlIna kaviyoM ke sAhitya se bhI hotI hai / kavi mathurAdAsa ne auraMgajeba nIti kA ullekha nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kiyA hai - 94 3 kAjI mullA kI kareM bar3hAI, hindU ko jajiyA lgvaaii| hindU DA~Da deya saba koI, barasa dinana meM jaisA hoI // auraMgajeba ne kitane hI hindU maMdiroM ko dhvasta karavA diyA tathA hinduoM ko burI taraha katla karavA diyA - kuMbhakana asura autArI avaraMgajaiba, kinhI kala mathurA dohAI pheri rakkI / khodi DAre devI deva devala aneka soI, pekhI nija pArAna te chuTI mAla sabakI // bhUSana bhanata bhAgyo kAsIpati vizvanAtha, aura kyA ginAU~ nAma ginatI meM abakI / dinameM DaranalAge cAroM varNa vAhIsame sivAjI na ho to to subhIti hoti sabakI // saMkSepa meM yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki akabara ne jisa mugala sAmrAjya kI nIMva DAlI aura rASTrIya rAjya kA nirmANa kiyaa| auraMgajeba ne usakA anta kara diyaa| auraMgajeba kI mRtyu ke anantara usake putroM meM bhayaMkara bhrAtRbhAtI gRhayuddha calatA rahA aura antatogattvA bahAdurazAha ne apane parAkrama aura zaurya se bhArata kA siMhAsana prApta kara liyA / 5 bahAdurazAha kA jIvana saMgharSa pradhAna aura rAjanItika A~dhiyoM kA sAmanA karane meM vyatIta huaa| isake rAjyakAla meM sikkhoM ke sAtha prAya: pA~ca varSoM taka yuddha hote rhe| apane zAsana kAla meM use rAjapUtoM se bhI saMgharSa aura yuddha karanA pdd'aa| san 1712 maiM bahAdurazAha kI ke mRtyu usake pazcAt uttarAdhikAriyoM meM lagabhaga 1 varSa taka rAjyasiMhAsana ke liye yuddha huA / 6 2. vahI pRSTha 277 1. auraMgajeba sarakAra jilda 3 pRSTha 100 " 3. paricayI, mathurAdAsa pRSTha 16 4. bhUSaNa granthAvalI, zivA bAvanI pRSTha 49 50 5. viliyama iravina do leTara mugalsa, pRSTha 73, 115 6. vahI pRSTha 66

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 29 mArca 1712 ko jahA~darazAha siMhAsana para baiThA / usako baMdI banAkara aura vadha karavAkara pharUkhaziyAra gaddI para baitthaa| jahA~darazAha kA rAjyakAla rAjanItika dRSTi se upekSaNIya hai, parantu pharUkhaziyAra kA samaya rAjanItika uthala puthala ke kAraNa mahattvapUrNa hai / amAnuSika DhaMga se pharUkhaziyAra kA vadha 'usa yuga kI hIna aura ghRNita rAjanIti kA paricAyaka hai / pharUkhaziyAra ke chaha varSa ke rAjyakAla meM marAThoM, sikkhoM evaM saiyadoM ke kAraNa deza kI rAjanIti nirantara kSubdha rhii| pharUkhaziyAra ke anantara muhammadazAha kA rAjyakAla vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / kavi dyAnatarAya ke zabdoM meM usake zAsana kI dazA nimna prakAra thI - akabara jahA~gIra sAhajahA~ bhae bahu loka meM sarAhe hama eka nAhi pekhA hai| avaraMgasAha bahAdarasAha maujdIna, pharakasera ne jiyA dukha visekhA hai| dyAnata kahA~ laga bar3AI kare sAhaba kI, jina pAtasAhana ko pAtasAha lekhA hai| jAkerAja Iti bhIti binA saba lokasukhI, bar3A pAtasAhapahapadasAha dekhA hai / / usake lagabhaga tIsa varSa ke zAsana kAla meM use na kevala haidarAbAda, avadha aura marAThoM kI Antarika kalaha sulajhAnI par3I, apitu nAdirazAha aura ahamadazAha durrAnI ke barvara evaM vinAzakArI AkramaNa kA sAmanA bhI karanA pdd'aa| san 1759 meM AlamagIra dvitIya ke bAdazAha Alama evaM usake dvitIya putra bahAdurazAha dvitIya ke sAtha zAhI khAnadAna kA anta ho gyaa| 18 vIM zatI ke anta hote hote dillI sAmrAjya kA nAma hI zeSa raha gayA thA / baMgAla meM sUbedAra, dakSiNa meM nijAma, mahArASTra meM marAThe, gvAliyara, indaura, nAgapura, baDaudA aura rAjasthAna meM rAjapUta, bundelakhaNDa meM bundele, paMjAba meM sikkha tathA AgarA, matharA evaM dillI ke nikaTavartI kSetroM meM jAToM ke choTe-choTe svatantra rAjya sthApita ho gaye the aura rAje mahArAje apanI jhUThI zAna ke bhAra se dabakara lar3ate hue apanA santulana kho baiThe the| madhya yuga bhAratIya itihAsa meM atyanta azAnti kA samaya mAnA jAtA hai / zAsakoM kI adUradarzitA, amIroM kI dalabandI, dezI rAjAoM aura prAntIya 1, viliyama iravina dI leTara mugalsa, pRSTha 389. 394 2. vahI kramazaH pRSTha 382, 307, 327, 343 3. dharmavilAsa dhAnatarAya pRSTha 260 4. viliyama iravina dI leTara mugalsa, adhyAya 8

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : sUbedAroM kI vidroha bhAvanA Adi se tatkAlIna rAjanItika vAtAvaraNa viSAkta ho gayA thaa| bIca-bIca meM Aye durbhikSa aura mahAmArI ke prakopa se sahastroM vyakti kAla kavalita ho gaye the, kintu tatkAlIna zAsakoM ko na to deza kI cintA thI, na akAla aura mahAmArI kI aura na janatA ke sukha duHkha kI / unheM yadi cintA thI to yahI ki unake prabhutva kI rakSA yA vRddhi kaise ho ? unakI aizvarya lolupatA ke pIche koI maMgalabhAvanA nahIM thii| krUratA, dhokhA, chalakapaTa, bhoga-vilAsa Adi rAjanIti kI aisI lahareM thIM, jo isa yugapravAha meM sarvatra dikhAI detI haiN| samagra deza meM eka uddAma lU cala rahI thI, jisakA dAha bhayaMkara mhaM vyANDa, yaa| so hoTe bar3e, garIba mIra saba pIr3ita the| deza kI isa nirbala rAjanItika paristhitiyoM se lAbha uThAkara bhArata meM vyApAra karane ke nAma para pahale se hI AI huI videzI kampaniyoM meM IsTa iMDiyA kampanI dezI rAjAoM kI ApasI phUTa kA lAbha uThAkara zAsana kI bAgaDora apane hAtha meM letI gaI aura briTiza rAjya kA vistAra karatI gii| isa taraha deza aMgrejoM dvArA gulAmI kI jaMjIroM se jakar3atA huA svAdhInatA ke sukha se sarvathA vaMcita ho gyaa| uparyukta mugalazAsana kI rAjanItika ayogyatA, asamarthatA, nirbalatA, bhedabhAva evaM pakSapAtapUrNa kUTanIti evaM vilAsitA se prabhAvita kavi kA hRdaya sAMsArika jIvana aura vyavasthA ke prati anAsakta hotA gayA aura usakA mana Izvaronmukha hote hue dhArmika bana gyaa| tatkAlIna jAgIradAroM aura navAboM ke AcaraNa se kSubdha kavi rAjadarabArI vAtAvaraNa se sarvathA udAsIna rahakara dhArmika evaM naitika AdarzoM se otaprota sAhitya kI sarjanA karane lagA aura isa prakAra dhArmika evaM naitika sAhitya dvArA vaha yatheSTa sAdhu vRttivAlA (santa) bana gyaa| kavi ke naitika evaM dhArmika banane meM jainadharma evaM jainadarzana ke prabhAva ke sAtha-sAtha hindI santa sAhitya kA bhI yatheSTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai; kyoMki usake sAhitya meM bhI santoM kA pratipAdya milatA hai, jo Age ke adhyAya meM vivecya bhUdharadAsa tatkAlIna rAjanIti evaM rAjadarabAroM ke vAtAvaraNa se aprabhAvita svatantra rahane vAle una sabhI sAhityakAroM kI zreNI meM Ate haiN| jinhoMne apanI racanAoM dvArA usa rItikAlIna pariveza meM bhI samAja kA ucita mArgadarzana kiyA tathA dhArmika evaM naitika sAhitya kI racanA karake sva aura para ko kalyANa ke mArga para lagAyA /

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97 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana (kha) sAmAjika evaM Arthika paristhitiyA~ madhyayuga kA samAja sAmaMtavAdI paddhati para AdhArita thA; jisameM samrATa zIrSa para thaa| usake bAda ucca varga ke sabhI vyakti, jinameM sAmanta evaM ucca padAsIna vyakti Ate the| sAmantoM kA jIvana sapATa ke anurUpa hI hotA thA / sampUrNa deza meM manasabadAra amIra aura sAmantoM kA jAla phailA huA thaa| aizvarya lolupatA kI praliyA meM amIra-umaga tazyA g2az2A pahArAjAoM kA jIvana sukha evaM vilAsa ke vividha upakaraNa juTAne meM hI vyatIta ho rahA thaa| bAdazAha kA apanA jIvana pUrNata: aniyantrita aura vilAsapUrNa hotA thA aura amIra-umarA loga isa sambandha meM apane matalaba ke anusAra bAdazAha kA anukaraNa karanA apanA janmasiddha adhikAra samajhate the|' tatkAlIna sAmAjika jIvana do tabakoM meM ba~TA haA thaa| eka tabakA rAjA, zAsaka, amale kArinde yA darabAriyoM kA thA aura dUsarA tabakA janasAdhAraNa kaa| zAhI darabAra sukha, samRddhi, sabhyatA aura vilAsitA ke kendra the; parantu usake bAhara kA jIvana durdazAgrasta, asantoSajanaka, dayanIya evaM vipattijanaka thaa| usa samaya sAdhAraNa janatA kI dazA bar3I zocanIya thii| use peTa bharane ko roTI aura tana Dhakane ko kapar3A bhI kaThinatA se prApta hotA thA / aitihAsika tathyoM ke AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mugalakAlIna samAja kA sampanna varga, nimna varga kA zoSaNa karatA thaa| use isa nIce vAle tabake ke lie koI darda nahIM thaa| ThIka usI prakAra janatA ke hRdaya meM bhI rAjAoM ke prati koI sahAnubhUti nahIM thii| naitikatA kI dRSTi se janasAdhAraNa kA caritra rAjA, sAmantoM, amale kArinde tathA darabAriyoM ke caritra se acchA thaa| isIlie naitikatA ke adha:patana ke samaya meM bhI una para bhaktiyuga kA prabhAva dikhAI par3a jAtA hai| yadyapi janasAdhAraNa meM bhI vilAsitA kI agni sulagane lagI thI, parantu phira bhI vaha bhISaNa jvAlA kA rUpa nahIM le skii| madhyayugIna samAja meM varNavyavasthA U~ca nIca kA bhedabhAva, jAtiprathA Adi dikhAI detI hai| isase na kevala hindU apitu musalamAna bhI achUte na raha ske|' 1, bhAratIya saMskRti aura usakA vikAsa--- DaoN. satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra, pRSTha 498 2. bhAratIya saMskRti aura usakA itihAsa-- DaoN, satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra pRSTha 499 3. hindI liTarecara- DaoN. rAmaavadha dvivedI pRSTha 84 4. bhAratIya samAja aura saMskRti- DaoN. kailAza zarmA pRSTha 451- 470

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : hinduoM meM vivAha eka pavitra saMskAra mAnA gayA hai| jisakA uddezya putra prApta kara mokSa prApta karanA hai; parantu musalamAnoM kI bahuvivAha prathA aura talAka prAvadhAna ne strI ko upabhoga aura Ananda kA sAdhana mAtra banA diyaa| madhyayugIna samAja meM strI apanI svatantratA aura adhikAra khokara bandhana aura bhaya se parAbhUta thI ! tara upabhoga palaM manoraMjana kI vastu mAnI jAtI thii| usakA ghara kI cahAradIvArI ke bAhara sArvajanika jIvana meM koI sthAna nahIM thA / pardAprathA kaThora thii| bhUdharakAlIna samAja andhavizvAsoM se yukta thA / jAdU-TonA tathA bhAgyavAda para atyadhika vizvAsa kiyA jAtA thaa| isa samaya sAdhAraNa vyakti se lekara samrATa taka sabhI kA dhyAna apane puruSArtha kI apekSA parakIya vipanna daivIya zaktiyoM para adhika gayA / hindU aura musalamAna-donoM hI jyotiSa vidyA evaM bhaviSyavANI para vizvAsa rakhate the| 'phalita jyotiSa meM hindU musalamAna donoM kA hI samAna rUpa se vizvAsa thaa| vijaya yAtrA ko prasthAna karate hue yA koI nayA kArya karate hue loga zakuna kA vicAra karate the / pIroM, phakIroM, sAdhu-santoM meM hindU musalamAna donoM kA hI vizvAsa thA / pratyeka varga ke loga andhavizvAsa meM DUbe hue the| saMkSepa meM isa yuga (madhyayuga) ko bhAratIya itihAsa meM atyanta andhakAra kA yuga nirUpita kiyA jA sakatA thaa| tatkAlIna samAja kI sthiti bar3I zocanIya thiiN| samAja andhavizvAsa, dhArmika paMthavAditA, nirakSaratA, garIbI, asurakSA evaM ghora ajJAna se pIr3ita thii| samAja meM manovinoda hetu surAsundarI kA prayoga arthAt madyapAna evaM vezyAsevana kI pravRtti, nirIha pazuoM kA AkheTa, dyUtakarma (juA) evaM cauryavRtti Adi kA bolabAlA thaa| pArasparika vaimanasya, sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA, jAtiprathA, U~ca - nIca kA bheda, chuAchUta, andhavizvAsa, vilAsitA Adi kA bhUta mugala samrAToM ke sAtha-sAtha tatyugIna samAja ke sira para bhI nAca rahA thaa| ina sAmAjika paristhitiyoM meM katipaya jainadharmAvalambiyoM ne tatkAlIna samAja ko na kevala ucita mArgadarzana diyA; apita apanI racanAoM aura sadpadezoM ke mAdhyama se mAnavIya AdarzoM kI pratiSThA karake unheM apanAne para sarvAdhika bala diyaa| isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya parazurAma caturvedI kA nimnalikhita kathana ati mAnanIya hai - 1, bhAratIya saMskRti kA vikAsa-- lUniyA pRSTha 374 2. hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA - DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 126

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana "aise hI samaya jainadharmAvalambiyoM meM kucha vyakti apane samaya ke pAkhaNDa aura durnIti kI AlocanA karane kI ora agrasara hue aura unhoMne apanI racanAoM aura sadupadezoM dvArA sacce AdarzoM ko sacce hRdaya ke sAtha apanAne kI zikSA denA Arambha kiyA | unakA pradhAna uddezya dhArmika samAja meM kramazaH ghusa par3I aneka burAiyoM kI ora sarvasAdhAraNa kA dhyAna AkRSTa kara unheM dUra karane ke lie udyata karanA thaa|" 1 3 7 * isa kar3I meM bhUdharadAsa ne tatkAlIna sAmAjika jIvana meM vyApta madyapAna, corI, juA 1, AkheTa, vezyAsevana, parastrIgamana, mAMsabhakSaNa Adi sabhI duSpravRttiyoM ke doSa batAkara unheM chor3ane kI preraNA dI tathA tatkAlIna samAja meM durAcAra ke sthAna para sadAcAra kI sthApanA kii| kavi ne jainadarzana ke siddhAMtoM dvArA saMsAra ke bandhana se chuTakArA dilAkara mukti kA mArga prazasta kiyA tathA jainadharma kI vyAvahArika zikSAoM dvArA dharmAcaraNa kA pATha pddh'aayaa| gRhastha jIvana meM dharmAcaraNa hetu devapUjA, guru-upAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna -ina SaTkarmoM kA mahattva pratipAdita kiyA tathA ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aparigraha Adi vratoM 10 kA AcaraNa karane kA upadeza diyaa| n4 mugalakAla kA pramukha vyavasAya kRSi thA / adhikAMza kRSaka khetI para hI nirbhara rahate the| vibhinna kSetroM meM vibhinna prakAra kI phasaleM ugAI jAtI thIM / kRSi ke aujAra purAne DhaMga ke the| ku~oM aura tAlAboM se khetI kI jAtI thI / bhArata aneka prakAra kI khAdya vastuoM kA niryAta bhI karatA thaa| pazu pAlana bhI logoM kA vyavasAya thA / jaMgala aura carAgAha bhI paryApta mAtrA meM the| kRSakoM para karoM kA bhArI bojha thaa| kRSakoM meM adhikAMza hindU hI the, ataH unheM jajiyA kara, cArAgAha kara, pazu kara Adi dene par3ate the| kRSaka rAjya ko bhUmikara bhI dete the| jo kabhI-kabhI kula upaja kA 50% taka hotA thA / bhUmikara aneka vyaktiyoM ke bIca ba~TatA thaa| sarakArI khajAne aura kRSakoM ke bIca 12 12 1. uttarI bhArata kI santa paramparA, parazurAma caturvedI pRSTha 47 2. jaina zataka bhUSaradAsa chanda 53 3. 5. vahI chanda 55 6. 9. vahI chanda 56 vahI chanda 54 99 4. vahI chanda 51 7. vahIM chanda 57 se 60 8. vahI chanda 52 10. pArzvapurANa adhikAra 9 pRSTha 87 12. sabhyatA kI kahAnI : madhyakAlIna vizva arjunadeva pRSTha 137 vahI chanda 48 11. abhinavaM itihAsa dInAnAtha zarmA pRSTha 119

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100 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : aneka vyaktiyoM kA adhikrama ( Hicrarchy) thA; jisameM gA~va ke karmacArI, sthAnIya jamIdAra aura jAgIradAra sabhI sAmila the|' zAsana kI ora se kRSakoM kI Arthika dazA sudhArane ke lie koI vizeSa prayala nahIM kiye jAte the tathA khetI ke lie koI vizeSa savidhAe~ nahIM dI jAtI thii| isake bAvajUda bhI vibhinna prakAra kI phasaleM bhArata meM utpanna kI jAtI thiiN| gehU~, cAvala, kapAsa, gannA, tilahana, jau, makkA, nIla, bAjarA, pAna, adaraka, garamamasAle, phala Adi pracura mAtrA meM utpanna kiye jAte the| deza meM aneka dhandhe vikasita the| kapar3A udyoga usa samaya kA pramukha udyoga thA / sUtI, rezamI, UnI Adi sabhI prakAra ke vastroM ke udyoga the| zakara, kAgaja, patthara kI kaTAI, bartana banAnA, hAthI dA~ta kI vastue~ banAnA, kalaI karanA, zastroM kA nirmANa karanA, raMgAI-chapAI Adi aneka choTe bar3e udyoga dhandhe usa samaya the| vyaktigata kArakhAnoM ke atirikta sarakAra dvArA khole gaye aise kArakhAne bhI the: jo zAhI parivAra aura abhijAtya varga ke logoM ke lie bhoga upabhoga kI uttama kisma kI vastueM banAte the| bhArata meM Antarika vyApAra unnata thaa| Antarika vyApAra thalamArgoM aura jalamArgoM dvArA hotA thaa| dUrastha pradezoM ko jor3ane vAlI sar3ake thiiN| bhArata ke vibhinna nagaroM meM bhinna-bhinna vastuoM kI maMDiyA~ thIM aura ye nagara Apasa meM vibhinna mArgoM dvArA jur3e hue the| mArata kA videzI vyApAra Antarika vyApAra se adhika unnata thaa| bhArata videzoM ko sUtI, rezamI, UnI kapar3e, lakar3I tathA dhAtuoM kI vastue~, nIla aura kAgaja Adi aneka vastue~ niryAta karatA thaa|* IrAna, araba, yUropa, cIna aphrIkA, madhya eziyA, aphagAnistAna Adi dezoM se vyApAra hotA thaa| goA, DyU, cola, kAlIkaTa, kocina, kyUlona Adi pazcimI taTa ke tathA baMgAla, ur3IsA Adi pUrvI taTa ke pramukha bandaragAha the| IrAna, tibbata, nepAla, aphagAnistAna, bhUTAna Adi dezoM meM thala mArga dvArA vyApAra hotA thaa| bhArata kI kRSi, udyoga dhandhe, vyApAra Adi sabhI kI Arthika unnati kA lAbha zAsaka aura ucca varga ke logoM ko hI milatA thA, janasAdhAraNa ko nahIM / 1. sabhyatA kI kahAnI : madhyakAlIna vizva arjunadeva pRSTha 137 2. abhinava itihAsa dInAnAtha zarmA , pRSTha 120 3. abhinava itihAsa pRSTha 119 evaM sabhyatA kI kahAnI pRSTha 137 4. sabhyatA kI kahAnI pRSTha 137

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 101 kRSaka aura janasAdhAraNa kI Arthika dazA acchI nahIM thI, jabaki zAsaka aura ucca varga ke loga bhoga vilAsa kA jIvana vyatIta karate the| isa prakAra tatkAlIna samAja kI Arthika dazA zocanIya thI / (ga) dhArmika paristhitiyA~ 3 madhya yuga ke mugala zAsakoM meM akabara kA zAsanakAla hI aisA rahA; jise dhArmika sahiSNutA ke yuga kI saMjJA dI jA sakatI hai| akabara ke uttarAdhikArI jahA~gIra meM jahA~ akabara kI udAratA kA patana dRSTigocara hotA hai, ' vahA~ jahA~gIra kA uttarAdhikArI zAhajahA~ kaTTarapaMthI musalamAna ke rUpa meM hamAre sAmane AtA hai| usake zAsanakAla se hI dhArmika atyAcAroM kA prArambha ho gayA thaa| usane apane Apako islAma ke viruddha calane vAle kA vinAzakArI ghoSita kiyA / " rAjya ke U~ce U~ce padoM para musalamAnoM ko hI naukarI dI tathA hindU tIrtha yAtriyoM para kara lagA diyaa| yahI nahIM, usane jujhArasiMha aura usake parivAra ko jabarana musalamAna banavA diyaa| usane apane pitA aura pitAmaha se calI AyI tulAdAna rIti aura hindU tyauhAra, jo rAjadarabAra meM manAye jAte the, banda karavA diye / usane navIna maMdiroM kA nirmANa tathA purAne mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra banda karavA diyaa| itanA hI nahIM, usane mandiroM ko giravAne kA kArya bhI Arambha kara diyaa| senA yAtrA ke mArga meM par3ane vAle sabhI mandira giravA diye jAte the hindU mandira ke malave se masjida banavAI gyii| hinduoM ke tIrtha sthAnoM ko naSTa kiyA gyaa| usane apane sampUrNa zAsanakAla meM dharmaparivartita hinduoM ko zuddha karane kI niSedhAjJA jArI hI rkhii| hindU muslima antarjAtIya vivAha, para roka lagA dI / yuddha baMdiyoM ko jabarana musalamAna banAne kI prathA phira jArI kara dI gii| kurAna aura paigambara kA apamAna karane vAlA prANadaNDa pAtA thA / ! 5 usakI dharmAndhatA aura anudAratA auraMgajeba ke kaTTarazAsana kI agradUta thI / auraMgajeba ke gaddI para baiThane para to yaha pratikriyA apanI caramasImA para pahuMca gaI / islAma phira se rAjadharma bana gyaa| hinduoM para tIrthayAtrA kara aura jajiyA kara phira se lagA diye gaye - 1. dI rilIjasa pAlisI oNpha dI mugala empararsa, zrIrAma zarmA, pRSTha 90 2. vahI puSTha 96 97 3. vahI pRSTha 92, tathA "hisTrI oNpha zAhajahA~" DaoN. benIprasAda pRSTha 89-90 4. AksaphorDa hisTrI Apha iNDiyA DaoN. smitha pRSTha 421 5. "mugalakAlIna bhArata " DaoN. AzIrvAdIlAla zrIvAstava pRSTha 457

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102 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kAjI mullA kare bar3AI, hindU ko jajiyA lgvaaii| hindU khA~Da deya saba koI, barasa dinana meM jaisA hoii||' auraMgajeba ne rAjya meM mandiroM ko girAne kI AjJA jArI kara dii| senA meM eka pada darogA kA kAyama kiyA gayA jisakA pramukha kArya mUrtiyA~ tor3anA aura maMdira girAnA hI thaa| sarakArI naukariyoM meM hinduoM ko niyukti banda karavA dI gii| mAlavibhAga aura senA meM se hinduoM ko nikAlane kI AjJA de dI gii| ' rAjapUtoM ko chor3akara hinduoM kA hAthI va pAlakI para baiThanA niSiddha kara diyaa| auraMgajeba kI karanIti bhI pakSapAta pUrNa thI / auraMgajeba kI damanakArI nIti kI jyAdatI sikkhoM ke Upara vizeSa rUpa se dRSTigocara hotI hai| 4 gurutega bahAdura ko handI nAgakA pramANapatra denA usakI saMkIrNatA kA jvalanta udAharaNa hai| mathurAdAsa racita "paricayI" meM bhI isakA ullekha nimna prakAra milatA hai - nAnaka ne ziSyana ko pUchA, guru kA dharama na tumahI suujhaa| Dare sarIra choDayo harirAI tega bahAdura prakaTe aaii|| bAdazAha tehi pakar3a ahakArA, kalA na dekhA karadana maaraa|' saMkSepa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki akabara ne solahavIM zatAbdI meM dhArmika sahiSNutA kI jisa nIti ko apanAyA thA, auraMgajeba ne satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM usakA pUrNataH parityAga kara diyA / vaha kaTTarapaMthI muslima zAsaka ke rUpa meM dhArmika asahiSNutA kI carama sImA chU gayA thaa| dhArmika asahiSNutA kI yaha nIti uttarakAlIna mugala samrAToM meM bhI dikhAI detI hai / bahAdurazAha (san 1707-11) kI sarakAra bar3I kaThora thI / vaha musalamAnoM ke sAtha pakSapAta karatI thii| hinduoM para jajiyA kara aura tIrthayAtrA kara yathAvat jArI rhe| jahA~darazAha bhI usI ke padacihnoM para calatA rhaa|' auraMgajeba ke aneka uttarAdhikAriyoM ne usakI kaTTaranIti kA parityAga karake 1. "pariSayI mathurAdAsa pRSTha 16 2. auraMgajeba, sarakAra jilda 3 pRSTha 277 3. oraMgajeba, sarakAra jilda 3 pRSTha 301, 302 4, dI rilIjasa pAlisI oNpha dI mugala emparsa zrIrAma zarmA, pRSTha 135 5. zrIrAma zarmA pRSTha 166 evaM bhaktimAla pRSTha 160 6. paricayI mathurAdAsa pRSTha 17 7, mugalakAlIna bhArata" DaoN. AzIrvAdIlAla zrIvAstava pRSTha 546

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 103 phira se udAratA aura vizAlatA kA paricaya denA zuru kiyaa| dillI darabAra meM phira se dazaharA va rakSAbandhana joza ke sAtha manAye jAne lge| zAha Alama ne pUnA ke pezavA ko apanA vakIla karAra diyaa| usake putra akabarazAha ne rAma mohanarAya ko "rAjA" kA khitAba diyA / antima samATa bahAdurazAha (dvitIya) hindU muslima donoM ko eka dRSTi se dekhatA thaa| isa prakAra mugalazAsakoM kI bhAratIya saMskRti aura hindUdharma ke prati upekSApUrNa dRSTi rahI tathA unake dvArA hindU dharma ko vinaSTa karane ke lie koI prayala avazeSa nahIM rhaa| hindU dharma meM karmakANDa aura ADambara ghara kara gaye the / dhArmika vAtAvaraNa saMkIrNatA, sAmpradAyikatA aura asahiSNutA se anuprANita ho uThA thaa| dharma aura dhArmika samAja meM adbhuta abhAva aura zaithilya parilakSita hone lagA thaa|' 'vrata, rojA, namAja, mUrtipUjA, majAra-pUjA, sAmpradAyika veza bhUSA Adi ko vizeSa bar3hAvA mila rahA thaa| vAstavikatA evaM maulikatA kA divAlA hI nikala gayA tathA santa bhI purAnI lakIra ke phakIra ho gye| vyakti ke bhoga ne bhagavAna kI dinacaryA ke bahAne eka AkarSaka rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| 4 maMdiroM meM vilAsa ke upakaraNa itanI pracura mAtrA meM ekatra kie jAne lage ki avadha kA navAba taka unase IrSyA karane lagA evaM kutubazAha jaisA samATa usakA anusaraNa karanA apane garva kI bAta samajhane lgaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki maMdiroM meM mAdhuryabhAva pradhAna bhakti ke bahAne devadAsiyoM ke sAtha bhI khulakara bhraSTAcAra hone lgaa| tatkAlIna hindU dharma meM aneka mata-matAntara the| vaha vaiSNava, zaiva aura zAkta - ina tIna mukhya sampradAyoM meM vibhakta hokara aneka bhedoM prabhedoM ke sAtha gujara rahA thA / kabIra Adi santoM dvArA pravartita dharma bhI thor3e bahuta bheda ke sAtha cala rahA thaa| hindU dharma bahudevavAdI thA aura islAma dharma ekezvaravAda kA pakkA samarthaka thA, parantu phira bhI tatkAlIna bhArata meM pracalita islAma dharma 1, "bhArata meM aMgrejI rAja" sundaralAla prathama bhAga pRSTha 98 2. hindI sAhitya dvitIya khaNDa saM.DaoN. dhIrendra varmA pRSTha 71 3. rItikAvya kI bhUmikA pUrvArddha DaoN. nagendra pRSTha 20 4. hindI sAhitya koza prathama bhAga, saM.DaoN. dhIrendra varmA pRSTha 500 5. rItikAvya kI bhUmikA pUrvArTa DaoN. nagendra pRSTha 17

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104 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : meM anya bhAratIya dharmoM kI taraha aneka bheda upabheda bana gaye the| ' bhakti Andolana ne ibhAva ke kAraNa vibhinna dharmoM meM sAsariya samanvaya, prema aura bhAtRtva bhAvanA dRSTigocara hotI thii| mugalakAla meM sikkha dharma kA udaya huA thaa| vaha isa samaya apanI prArambhika sthiti meM thA / bauddhadharma kI avanati ho rahI thii| vaha hInayAna aura mahAyAna sampradAyoM meM ba~Takara apanA prabhAva kho rahA thaa| kucha pradezoM meM jainadharma kA acchA prabhAva thA, parantu vaha bhI digambara aura zvetAmbara- do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta thaa| yadyapi ina sampradAyoM ke vibhAjana kA mukhya AdhAra nagnatA aura svastratA hI thI, parantu aura bhI kaI kAraNa the / - inake vibhAjana ke sambandha meM bhI aneka mAnyatAe~ haiN| 'ina donoM sampradAyoM ke antargata anya aneka upasampradAyoM ne bhI janma liyA / * digambara sampradAya meM bIsa paMtha arthAt bhaTTArakavAda tathA terahapaMtha arthAt adhyAtmavAda Apasa meM TakarA rahe the| unake AcAra vicAroM meM samAnatAe~ nahIM thiiN|' zvetAmbara sampradAya meM bhI sthAnakavAsI (dU~DhiyA) aura mandira mArgI (mUrtipUjaka) do pramukha upasampradAya ho gaye the| isa kAla meM kaI vizeSatAoM ke kAraNa hindUdharma kA svarUpa prAcIna vaidikadharma ke svarUpa se sarvathA bhinna ho gayA thA / isa prakAra tatkAlIna dhArmika paristhitiyA~ bhI santoSaprada nahIM thI / isI sandarbha meM AcArya parazurAma caturvedI kA yaha kathana bhI ullekhanIya hai - "usa samaya na kevala bauddha tathA jaina hI, apitu svayaM vaiSNava, zAkta, zaiva jaise hindU sampradAyoM ne bhI apane apane bhItara aneka matabhedoM ko janma de rakhA thaa| inameM se sabane vedoM ko hI apanA aMtima pramANa banA rakhA thA aura unameM se katipaya uddharaNa lekara tathA unheM vAstavika prasaMgoM se pRthak karake ve apane apane matAnusAra una para manamAne arthoM kA Aropa karane lage the| isake 1, hindI sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa bhAga 4 (bhakti kAla nirguNa pakti) nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kAzI saM. paM. parazurAma caturvedI pRSTha 37 - 52 2. jainadharma paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI pRSTha 310 - 311 caturtha saMskaraNa 1 3. (ka) kavivara banArasIdAsa : vyaktitva aura kartRtva- DaoN. ravIndrakumAra jaina pRSTha 37-38 (kha) jainadharma paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI pRSTha 293 - 294 (ga) jaina sAhitya meM vicAra- paM.becaradAsa pRSTha 87-105 4. kavivara banArasIdAsa : vyaktitva aura kartRtva- DaoN.ravIndrakumAra jaina pRSTha 5) 5. paMDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva aura kartRtva pRSTha 17 se 20 taka

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 105 sivAya kucha matoM ne vedoM kI bhAMti hI purANoM tathA smRtiyoM ko bhI pradhAnatA de rakhI thii| ataeva inake pArasparika matabhedoM ke kAraNa eka ko dUsare ke prati dveSa, kalaha yA pratiyogitA ke pradarzana ke lie paryApta protsAhana milA karatA thA aura bahudhA aneka prakAra ke jhagar3e khar3e ho jAte the|" aisI sthiti meM "paramparAoM ke ucita saMcayana tathA paristhitiyoM kI preraNA meM dharma aisA rUpa khoja rahA thA ki vaha kevala AcAryoM kI vANI meM sImita na rahakara jana-jIvana kI vyAvahArikatA meM utara sake aura aisA rUpa grahaNa kareM ki vaha anya dharmoM ke prasAra meM samAnAntara bahate huye apanA rUpa surakSita rakha sake / vaha rUpa sahaja tathA svAbhAvika ho tathA apanI vicAradhArA meM satya se itanA prakhara ho ki vividha varga aura vicAra vAle vyakti adhika se adhika saMkhyA meM use svIkAra kara sakeM aura apane jIvana kA aMga banA leN|" - isa tathya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhUdharadAsa ne dharma kA aisA sArvajanika, sArvabhaumika aura sArvakAlika rUpa prastuta kiyA jo mAtra saiddhAntika na hokara vyAvahArika bhI hai| jisakI paraNati vyavahAra meM pArzvapurANa ke nAyaka "pArzvanAtha" meM janma janmAntaroM se calatI rahI hai aura pratyeka jIva meM cala sakatI hai| sAtha hI usane anya sabhI dharmoM vizeSakara hindI ke santoM dvArA pravartita dharma ke samAnAntara calate hue apanA vaiziSTaya bhI banAye rakhA hai| bhUdharadAsa dvArA pratipAdita dharma, dhArmika evaM naitika Adarza itane sarala aura sahaja hai ki kisI bhI dharma, jAti, varga yA sampradAya kA vyakti use apane jIvana meM AsAnI se apanA sakatA hai| (gha ) sAhityika paristhitiyA~ mugalakAlIna sAhityika gatividhiyA~ santoSajanaka nahIM thiiN| lar3abhir3akara mugalasenA aura hindU rAjA apanI zakti kho cuke the| vizAla rASTrIya kalpanA tathA ucca naitika Adarza kI AsthA unameM nahIM thii| mugalakAlIna zAsakoM kI nIti kA prabhAva tatkAlIna sAhitya para bhI par3A / mugalazAsaka bhoga 1. hindI sAhitya dvitIya khaNDa saM. DaoN. dhIrendra varmA pRSTha 209 2. isa saMbaMdha meM prastuta zodha prabandha ke antargata likhe gaye adharadAsa ke dhArmika, dArzanika evaM naitika vicAra dekheN|

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106 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : vilAsa meM magna rahate the tathA bhautika sukhoM kI carama sImA para pahu~canA hI unakA eka mAtra lakSya thA / isIlie unake prabhAva se bhakti kAla ke rAdhA-kRSNa rItikAla ke sAdhAraNa nAyaka nAyikA bana gye| rItikAlIna kaviyoM ne rAdhAkRSNa ko Alambana banAkara sAhitya ko zrRMgArikatA se sarAbora kara diyA / yadyapi usa samaya bhI kucha aise kavi the, jo zrRMgAra ko apane kAvya kA viSaya nahIM banA sake tathApi unakI mukhyatA nahIM rahI / zrRMgAramUlaka racanAoM ko asvIkRti kI kar3I meM jaina kavi evaM sAhityakAra agragaNya rahe / unhoMne zrRMgArika racanAoM kI kaTu AlocanA kI tathA bhAratIya saMskRti aura naitika AdarzoM ko surakSita rakhane hetu sAhityika racanAe~ kI / rItikAlIna kaviyoM ne apane Azraya dAtAoM ko prasanna karane ke lie zrRMgArika sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA / eka ora rItitattvoM kI makhyatA ke kAraNa jahA~ paM. rAmacandra zakla ne isa kAla ko "rItikAla" tathA mizrabandhuoM ne "alaMkRta kAla" kI saMjJA dI / vahA~ dUsarI ora paM. vizvanAtha prasAda mizra ne zrRMgArikatA kI mukhyatA dekhakara ise "zrRMgAra kAla" ke nAma se abhihita kiyaa| tatkAlIna sAmAjika evaM rAjanaitika paristhitiyoM se prabhAvita hokara kavigaNa zaraNya darabAra meM zrRMgAra kI sAMsa le rahe the| ve zrRMgAra ke atirikta aura kucha likhanA hI nahIM cAhate the aura unake AzrayadAtA zrRMgAra ke atirikta aura kucha sunanA hI nahIM cAhate the| usa samaya zrRMgAra rasa kI dhArA abAdhita gati se baha rahI thii| vilAsa kI madirA pilAkara kavieMgava apane ko kRtakRtya mAnate the| ve kAminI ke kaTi, kuca, kezoM aura kaTAkSoM ke varNana meM hI apanI kalpanA zakti ko samApta kara rahe the| katipaya uddharaNa tatkAlIna sAhityika pravRti kA paricaya dene ke liye paryApta hoNge| nimnalikhita paMkti meM rItikAlIna kavi brahmacarya aura pativrata dharma kA kaisA majAka ur3AtA hai - "ihi pAkhai pativrata tAkhai dhrauN"| mahAkavi deva paranArI saMyoga ko yoga se bhI kaThina batAte hue kahate haiM / joga hU~ te kaThina saMjoga para nArI ko" 1. "hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa' DaoN. nagendra pRSTha 291 2. nATaka samayasAra banArasIdAsa antima prazasti chanda 18 evaM jaina zataka pada 65 3. "hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa" DaoN. nagendra pRSTha 291 4. prAcIna hindI jaina kavi mUlacanda vatsala pRSTha 7

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 107 tatkAlIna bhakta kaviyoM ne bhI zrIkRSNa aura rAdhA ke pavitra bhakti mArga kA Azraya lekara unasI oTa meM apanI jAna nIlakAmA kalpataroM ko uddIpta kiyaa| bhakta kavi "nevAja" vrajavanitAoM ko nIti kI zikSA dete hue kahate haiM - "vAvarI jo pai kalaMka lagyo to, nisaMka kai kAhe na aMka lagAvati / " kalaMka dhone kA isase acchA upAya bhI unheM nahIM sUjhA / yahI nahIM, rasakhAna jaisA bhakta kavi bhI isa pravAha meM baha gayA aura kahane lagA - "mau pachitAyau yahai ju sakhI, ki kalaMka lagyo pe aMka na lAgI" katipaya ine gine kaviyoM ko chor3akara prAya: sabhI kaviyoM ne apane AzrayadAtAoM ko prasanna rakhane ke nimnastarIya zrRMgArika sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| isake sambandha meM kavivara sumitrAnandana paMta ke nimnalikhita vicAra draSTavya "ina sAhitya ke mAliyoM meM se jinakI vilAsa vATikA meM bhI Apa praveza kareM, sabakI bAvar3I meM kutsita prema kA phuhArA zata zata rasadhAroM meM phUTatA hai| kuMjoM meM uddAma yauvana kI durgandha A rahI hai / isa tIna phuTa ke nakhazikha ke saMsAra se bAhara ye kavipuMgava nahIM jA ske| 1 tatkAlIna zrRMgArika sAhitya ke upayukta uddharaNoM ke sandarbha meM bhUdharadAsa kA nimnalikhita AlocanAtmaka kathana ati mananIya hai - rAga udai jaga aMdha bhayau, sahajai saba logana lAja gvaaii| sIkha binA nara sIkha rahe visanAdika sevana kI sughraaii|| tA para aura race rasa kAvya, kahA kahie tinakI nitthuraaii| aMdha asUjhana kI a~khiyAna meM, jhoMkata hai raja rAma duhaaii|| yadyapi neminAtha aura rAjula ke prasaMga ko lekara zrRMgAraparaka racanAe~ jaina sAhitya meM bhI milatI hai, parantu unameM kahIM bhI maryAdA kA ullaMghana dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai / prAya: sabhI jaina kavi zrRMgArika racanAoM ke virodhI rahe tathA unhoMne zrRMgAramUlaka varNanoM tathA pravRttiyoM kI kar3I AlocanA kii| unakI dRSTi meM nArI ke nakha-zikha Adi kA varNana karane vAle na to kavi haiM aura na hI unheM sarasvatI kA varadAna prApta hai 1. "pallava" kI bhUmikA sumitrAnandana paMta 2. jaina zataka : bhUdharadAsa pacha 65

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa "pAMsa kI graMthi kuca kaMcana kalaza kahe kahe mukha candra jo saleSamA ko ghara / hAr3a ke darzana Ahi hIrA motI kahe tAhi mAMsa ke Ara oTha kahe vimbapharUhe // hAr3a baMdha bhujA kahe kaila nAla kAma judhA, hAMDa hI kI zaMbhA jaMghA kahe raMbhAtarUhai / yoM hI jhUThI jugati banAve aura kahAve kavi ete ye kaheM hameM zAradA kA va" // " bhUdharadAsa bhI zrRMgArika kaviyoM ke vacanoM ko asatyatA batalAkara vastusthiti spaSTa karate haiM : 108 2 3 kaMcana kumbhana kI upamA kaha deta urojana ko kavi bAre / Upara zyAma vilokata kai, mani nIlama kI DhakanI ki chArai / / yo sata baina kahaiM na kupaMDita, je juga AmiSapiMDa ughAre / sAdhana jhAra daI muMha chAra, bhaye ihi heta kidhauM kuca kAre // isI prakAra jaba rItikAla ke vRddha kavi bhI apane sapheda bAloM ko dekhakara kheda vyakta kara rahe the aura "rasika priyA" jaise zrRMgAra kAvya kA nirmANa kara rahe the, taba jaina kavi tathA anya santa kavi unheM saMbodhita kara rahe the| sAtha hI dhArmika, AdhyAtmika evaM mAnavahitavardhaka sAhitya kA nirmANa kara rahe the| zAsana dvArA samAja kI pratyeka sthiti prabhAvita huA karatI hai / isa dRSTi se bhASA bhI mahattvapUrNa hai| rAjakIya bhASA sAmAjika dRSTi se atti mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| mugala zAsana meM bhArata kI zAsakIya bhASA phArasI rahI aura 16 vIM zatAbdI se hI use vidhivat sarakArI bhASA ghoSita kara diyA gayA / " pariNAmasvarUpa usakI sarvAMgINa unnati huii| samrATa auraMgajeba ke pazcAt 4 5 7 1. nATaka samayasAra banArasIdAsa antima prazasti chanda 18 2. jainazataka bhUdharadAsa padya 65 3. " kezava kezana asakarI jasa ari hU na karAhiM / candravadana mRgalocanI, bAbA kahi kahi jAhiM || 4. bar3I nIti laghu nIti karata hai, bAma sarata bar3haboya bharI / phor3A Adi phuna gunI maMDita, sakala deha manu roga darI // zoNita hAr3amAMsa maya mUrata, tA para rIjhata gharI gharI / aisI nAri nirakhakara kezava, rasikapriyA tuma kahA karI // (brahmavilAsa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa pRSTha 184) 5. sundara granthAvalI dvitIya khaNDa 437-440 tathA prathama khaNDa bhUmikA 98-106 6. hindI sAhitya, dvitIya bhAga, saM. DaoN. dhIrendra varmA pRSTha 59 kalakattA 1950 7. bhArata kA bRhad itihAsa, pro. zrInetra pANDe pRSTha 815 -816

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 109 - - - -- - deza kI rAjanIti meM parivartana huaa| kendrIya zAsana kisI eka sabala zakti ke adhIna nahIM rahA / zAhajahA~ ke bAda kendra se kisI prakAra kA protsAhana na pAkara hindI ne svatantra rAjadarabAroM meM zaraNa lI aura unake rAjakAryoM meM vyavahRta huI / kendrIya stara para bhI urdU mizrita hindI kA vyavahAra huaa|' tatkAlIna zrRMgArika bhAvoM aura vicAroM ke anusAra bhASA aura zailI meM bhI yatheSTa parivartana hue; isIlie usa yuga ke sAhitya meM alaMkAroM evaM anya bAhya upAdAnoM kI camaka damaka aura bharamAra dikhAI detI hai| jo racanAe~ zrRMgArikatA se otaprota hokara bhASA, zailI, chandoM, alaMkAroM Adi se camatkRta hotI huI abhivyakta huI haiM, ve "rItibaddha kavitA" ke nAma se jAnI gii| dUsarI ora ina sabase unmukta kavitA "rItimukta kavitA ke nAma se abhihita huii| isa kAvya paramparA dvArA karUNA, prema, nIti Adi ke atirikta AdhyAtmika kalyANakArI vicAroM kI abhivyaMjanA hii| Alocya kavi bhUdharadAsa eka ora to isa paramparA ke nikaTa dikhAI dete haiM to dasarI ora santa kAvya paramparA ke| paranta vAstava meM ve jaina zramaNa paramparA ke kavi hai, jisakA abhI taka hindI kAvya paramparA meM koI sthAna nahIM mAnA jAtA hai| rItimakta kAvyaparamparA tathA santa kAvyaparamparA janasAdhAraNa ke dvArA apekSAkRta adhika Adata huii| vAstavikatA yaha hai ki yadi yaha paramparA janma na letI to hindI kA sAhitya bhAva aura bhASA kI dRSTi se bar3A daridra aura janakalyANa kI dRSTi se bar3A asamartha siddha hotA / mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa ne ukta viSama paristhitiyoM meM bar3e manoyoga se satsAhitya kA sRjana kara lokopakArI kArya kiyaa| unake dvArA racita sAhitya hindI jaina sAhitya meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| isa taraha kula milAkara AlocyakAla meM rAjanItika, sAmAjika Arthika, dhArmika, evaM sAhityika paristhitiyA~ santoSaprada va utsAhavarddhaka nahIM thiiN| tatkAlIna rAjanIti meM asthiratA, samAja meM rUr3hivAditA, Arthika jIvana meM viSamatA, dharma ke kSetra meM vibhinna mata matAntara, sAhitya ke kSetra meM zrRMgArikatA Adi sabhI apanI carama sImA para dikhAI dete haiN| kahIM kahIM dharma, darzana, adhyAtma, bhakti evaM mAnavIya mUlyoM kI jyoti TimaTimAtI huI dIkha par3atI hai, jisakA pratinidhitva samasta santa sAhitya evaM jaina sAhitya karatA hai| isake pramANasvarUpa santakAvya ke sandarbha meM bhUdharadAsa ke kAvya kA mUlyAMkana yathAsthAna kiyA jaayegaa| - 1. iNDiyA thU da ejija- sara jadunAtha sarakAra pRSTha 51 kalakattA 1950

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110 antara ujjavala antara ujjavala karanA re bhAI // Teka // kapaTa kRpANa tajai nahiM tabaloM, karanI kAja na saranA re // ******* bAhira bheSa kriyA ura zuci nAhIM haiM saba loka- raMjanA, mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : || antara ujjavala // japa tapa tIratha yajJaM vratAdika, Agama artha ucaranA re / viSaya, kaSAya kIca nahiM dhoyo, yoM hI paci paci maranA re // || antara ujjavala // sauM, kIye pAra utaranA re / aise vedana varanA re // || antara ujjavala // kAmAdika mana soM mana mailA, 'bhUdhara' nate aer kara kaise, bhajana kiye kyA tiranA re / kezara raMga ucharanA re || || antara ujjavala // bhUdharadAsa --

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tRtIya adhyAya jIvanavRtta evaM vyaktitva (ka) jIvanavRtta (kha) vyaktitva

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 111 bhUdharadAsa : jIvanavRtta evaM vyaktitva jIvanavRtta * saMskRta evaM hindI ke adhikAMza kaviyoM ne apanI racanAoM meM na apanA koI paricaya diyA hai aura na koI prAmANika sAkSya hI tatsambandha meM upalabdha hai| aisI paristhiti meM kavi ko racanA meM upalabdha kisI aisI paMkti kA sahArA lenA par3atA hai, jisameM usake paricaya kI ora saMketa ho| kavi bhUdharadAsa ke sambandha meM bhI yahI kathana caritArtha hotA hai / "jaina zataka" meM diye gaye eka pada se kevala itanA hI jJAta hotA hai ki kavi AgarA nivAsI thA aura usakI jAti khaNDelavAla thii| vaha pada isa prakAra hai - "Agare meM bAlabuddhi bhUdhara khaNDelavAla, bAlaka ke khyAlasoM kavitta kara jAnehai / aise hI karata bhayau jaisiMha savAI sUbA, hAkima gulAbacanda Aye tihi thAne hai / harisiMha sAhake su vaMza dharmAnurAgI nara, tinake kahai sau jori kInI eka ThAnehai / phiri-phiri prere mere Alasa ko anta bhayo, inakI sahAya yaha mero manamAne hai / / maiM, bhUdharadAsa khaNDelavAla AgarA meM bAlakoM ke khela jaisI kavitA (racanA) karatA huuN| ye ukta chanda maiMne savAI jayasiMha sUbA ke hAkima zrI gulAbacandra jI aura zrI harisiMhazAha ke vaMzaja dharmAnurAgI puruSoM ke kahane se ekatrita kiye haiN| unhIM logoM kI puna: puna: preraNA se mere Alasya kA anta huA hai / maiM unakA hRdaya se AbhAra mAnatA huuN| isa prakAra bhUdharadAsa kA janma AgarA meM khaNDelavAla jaina parivAra meM haA thA / paM.jJAnacanda jaina " svatantra" ke anusAra unakA jAtigata gotra kAsalIvAla thaa| ve AgarA meM zAhagaMja meM rahate the aura unakA zAhagaMja jaina mandira meM pratidina pravacana hotA thaa| ve prakANDa vidvAna, acche kavi evaM pravacanakAra the| unake dvArA racita "jaina zataka", "pArzvapurANa" evaM "pada saMgraha" - ye tIna racanAe~ ati prasiddha haiN| isase adhika kavi kA paricaya kahIM bhI prApta nahIM hotA hai| unake janma, mAtA-pitA, zikSA-dIkSA, palI, saMtAna, matya Adi ke bAre meM koI ullekha nahIM milatA hai / kaI samIkSakoM ne bhI isI kathana kA punarAvartana kiyA hai, unameM se mukhya hai - DaoN. kAmatAprasAda jaina ' DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI ' evaM mUlacanda vatsala' aadi| 1. hindI baina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa- DaoN. kAmatAprasAda jaina pRSTha 172 2. jaina sAhitya parizIlana bhAga - 1 DaoN. nemIcandra zAstrI 3. prAcIna hindI jaina kavi- zrI mUlacanda vatsala

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112 mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : nAma - bhUdharadAsa ne prAya: apane sabhI padoM tathA zeSa anya racanAoM meM "bhUdhara" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| parantu unakI prasiddhi "bhUdharadAsa" ke nAma se hI hai| prAya: unakI sabhI prakAzita racanAoM meM "bhUdharadAsa" nAma ho dekhane ko milatA hai / paM. daulatarAmajI ne unheM "bhUdharamala" nAma se sambodhita kiyA hai tathA bra. rAyamalajI ne unake lie "bhUdharamalla" zabda kA prayoga kiyA isa taraha Alocya kavi kA nAma "bhUdhara, bhUdharadAsa, bhadharamala aura bhUdharamalla milatA hai parantu sarvAdhika prasiddha nAma "bhUdharadAsa" hI hai| zikSA - bhUdharadAsa ke kAla meM zikSA prAyaH pArivArika saMskAra, sAmAjika AcAra-vicAra, AdhyAtmika saMgoSThI tathA dhArmika pravacana Adi ke dvArA huA karatI thii| bhUdharadAsa kI zikSA "AdhyAtmika saMgoSThI" meM huI, jise "railI" kahA jAtA thaa| AgarA meM pracalita "vANArasiyA sailI" dvArA kavi kA jJAna vizeSa vRddhi ko prApta huaa| 'ina sailiyoM meM adhyayana karane vAle viddhAna prAya: AdhyAtmika sAhitya kI hI racanA karate the; kyoMki ina sailiyoM kA uddezya "AdhyAtmikatA" jAgRta karanA hotA thaa| bhUdharadAsa Agare kI usI adhyAtma paramparA ke the, jo mahAkavi banArasIdAsa se prArambha huI thii| bhUdharadAsa AgarA kI adhyAtma sailI ke pramukha vidvAna the| inake sAtha hemarAja, sadAnanda, amarapAla, bihArIlAla, phatehacanda, caturbhuja Adi sAdharmI bhI the, jo pratidina paraspara tatvacarcA kiyA karate the| ina sabakA ullekha paNDita daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ne "puNyAstrava kathAkoza" kI prazasti meM isa prakAra kiyA hai - 1. (ka) Agare meM bAla buddhi bhUdhara khaNDelavAla, bAlaka ke khyAlau kavitakara jAne haiN| jaina zataka pada 106 (kha) pUraba caritra vilokike pUdhara buddhi samAna / bhASAbaMdha prabaMdha yaha kiyo Agare thAna / / pArzvapurANa 95 (ga) bhUdhara vinave vinaya kara suniyo sajjana log| guNa ke grAhaka hUjiye iha vinatI tuma jog| carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 122 2. anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 1, pRSTha 9-10 3. jIvana patrikA-a.rAyamala, paMDita ToDaramala vyaktitva aura kartatva, pariziSTa 1 pRSTha 334 4. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi, bhUmikA- DaoN. premasAgara jaina pRSTha 17 san 1964 5. vahI pRSTa 336

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113 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhUdharadAsa jina dharmI ThIka rahe syAhagaMja meM tahakIka / jina sumirana pUjA paravIna, dina prati kare azubha ko chIna / / 1 / hemarAja sAdharmI bhale. jina baca mAni asubha dala mlai| adhyAtama caracA niti kare, prabhu ke caraNa sadA ura dharai ||16 || sadAnanda hai Ananda maI, jinamata kI AjJA tiha lhii| amarapAla bhI yAme likhyau, paramAgama ko rasa tina cakhyau / / 17 / / lAla bihArI hU~ nita sune, jina Agama ko nIkai mune| phatehacanda hai rocaka jIkai, caracA karai haraSa thari jIkai // 18 || catrabhuja sAdharabhI joI, ghukI bhakti jasu prabhu kI or| mile Agare kArana pAya, caricA kare paraspara Aya || 19 // ' isa sambandha meM DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla dvArA likhita nimnalikhita kathana draSTavya hai "bhUdharadAsa mahAkavi daulatarAma ke samakAlIna vidvAna the| puNyAtrava kathAkoza kI prazasti meM sarvaprathama inhIM (bhUdharadAsa) kA smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / ye hI ve bhUdharadAsa haiM, jinhoMne "pArzvapurANa" jaise prabandhakAvya kI racanA saMvat 1789 meM samApta kI thii| AgarA kI adhyAtmasailI ke ye pramukha vidvAna the / kavi (daulatarAma) kA sarvaprathama inhIM se paricaya huA aura inhI kI preraNA se ve sAhitya-nirmANa kI ora pravRtta huye|" 2 eka anya sthAna para DaoN. kAsalIvAla likhate haiM ki - "vivAha hone para mahAkavi daulatarAma ko eka bAra kAryavaza AgarA jAnA pdd'aa| vasabA se AgarA 100 mIla se kucha adhika dUra hai| AgarA usa samaya uttara bhArata kA pramukha nagara thaa| mugala zAsakoM kI rAjadhAnI hone ke kAraNa vaha vyApAra kA prasiddha kendra thaa| lekina ina sabake atirikta vaha sAMskRtika nagara bhI thA aura AdhyAtmika sailI kA kendra bhI / mahAkavi banArasIdAsa kA svargavAsa huye 70 1. puNyAtrava kathA-koza prazasti - paM. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla 2. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla byaktitva aura kRtitva- DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla prastAvanA pRSTha 99

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mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : varSa se bhI adhika ho gaye the, lekina unake dvArA sthApita adhyAtma sailI pUrvavat cala rahI thii| isa sailI meM kavivara bhUdharadAsa kA vyaktitva ubhara rahA thA / daulata jaba apArA pahu~ce to se phailI ke sahana hI niyamita sadasya bana gaye aura jaba taka AgarA rahe, taba taka ve adhyAtma sailI meM barAbara jAte rahe / apanI prathama kRti "puNyAstrava kathAkoza" meM unhoMne adhyAtma sailI evaM unake sadasyoM kA vistRta varNana diyA hai| unhoMne sarvaprathama AgarA rahate huye hI saMvat 1777 meM "puNyAstrava kathAkoza" kI racanA samApta kI / ' 114 daulatarAma evaM bhUdharadAsa kI bheMTa sarvaprathama Agare meM huI thI / daulatarAma ke anusAra bhUdharadAsa Agare kI adhyAtma sailI ke pramukha vidvAna the / ve syAhagaMja meM rahate the / ye adhikAMza samaya jinendra pUjA evaM bhakti meM lavalIna rahate the / DaoN. kAsalIvAla ke ukta kathanoM se bhUdharadAsa jI kI zikSA-dIkSA evaM jJAna kI paryApta jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / I 3 bhUdharadAsa ko saMskRta, prAkRta evaM dezabhASA sambandhI cAroM anuyogoM ke granthoM kA acchA abhyAsa thA; isIlie bra. rAyamala unheM "bahuta jaina zAstroM ke pAragAmI " mAnate haiM / ve likhate haiM- " bhUdharadAsa sAhUkAra vyAkaraNa kA pAThI, ghaNAM jaina zAstrAM kA pAragAmI tAsUM mile"4 | kavi dvArA likhita " carcA samAdhAna" nAmaka gadya kRti meM diye gaye vividha uddharaNa, pramANa, granthoM kA nAmollekha ' to unake gambhIra adhyayana ke dyotaka haiM hI, parantu "pArzvapurANa" nAmaka mahAkAvya meM bhI gommaTasAra, tattvArthasUtra, sarvArthasiddhi, trilokaprajJapti Adi vibhinna granthoM kA nAmollekha bhI usakA sUcaka haiN| - kavi ucca koTi kA vidvAna hone ke sAtha sAtha saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, gujarAtI, aura urdU Adi kA bhI jJAtA thA / bhASA aura viSaya ke atirikta kavi ko kAvyazAstrIya jJAna bhI thA / 1. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla vyaktitva aura kRtitva DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla prastAvanA pRSTha 66 2. vahI pRSTha 11 3. " carcA samAdhAna grantha meM uddhRta cAroM anuyoga saMbaMdhI granthoM ke nAma prastuta zodha prabaMdha, caturtha adhyAya pRSTha 152 4. paM. ToDaramala vyaktitva aura kartRtva DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla pari. 1 jIvana patrikA pRSTha 334 5. lagabhaga 85 granthoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai isakA vivaraNa prastuta zodha prabaMdha adhyAya 4

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15 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavi bhUdharadAsa ne apane sAhitya meM aneka chandoM evaM rAgoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| parivAra - bhUdharadAsa ne apane mAtA-pitA, patnI, saMtAna Adi ke bAre meM na to kahIM ullekha kiyA hai aura na hI isa sambandha meM koI bahikSyi upalabdha hote haiM ; isalie unake parivAra kI sampUrNa jAnakArI ajJAta hI hai| isa sambandha meM kucha kahanA mAtra sambhAvanA hI hogI, nizcita tathya nhiiN| nivAsa sthAna evaM kAryakSetra - bhUdharadAsa kA nivAsa sthAna evaM kAryakSetra AgarA hI thaa| isa sambandha meM unhoMne svayaM apanI racanAoM meM ullekha kiyA hai - "Agare meM bAlabuddhi bhUdhara khnnddelvaal| bAlaka ke khyAla sau kakti kara jAne hai|| "pUraba carita viloki ke, bhUdhara buddhi smaan| bhASA bandha prabandha yaha kiyau Agare dhAna / / * * pUrva ullikhita bra. rAyamala aura paM. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla ke uddharaNoM se bhI bhUdharadAsa kA nivAsa sthAna evaM kAryakSetra "AgarA" nirvivAda nizcita hotA hai| janma-mRtyu evaM racanAkAla - bhUdharadAsa kA janma evaM mRtyu kA nizcita samaya to avidita hai, parantu unakI racanAoM ke kAla ke AdhAra para unakA samaya nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai| bhUdharadAsa dvArA likhita prathama kRti "jaina zataka' kA racanAkAla vi saM. 1781 hai - "sataraha se ikyAsiyA, poha pAkha tmliin| tithi terasa ravivAra ko, zataka samApata kIna // "5 . yaha zataka pauSa kRSNA trayodazI ravivAra saM. 1781 ko samApta kiyA gyaa| 1. dohA, caupAI, sauraThA, chappaya, aDilla, paddhar3I, kuNDaliyA, AryA, dhattA,vibhaMgI, haMsAla Adi 2. kalyANa, kAphI, kanhar3I, kAphI kanhar3I, gaurI, ghanAzrI, naTa, paMcama, prabhAtI, baMgalA,bilAvala, bhairavI, malAra, rAmakalI, vihAga, zrI gaurI, sAraMga, sauraThA Adi 3. jaina zataka chanda 106 4. pArzvapurANa antima prazasti pRSTha 95 5. jaina zataka antima pada

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116 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bhUdharadAsa kI dUsarI racanA "pArzvapurANa" kA racanAkAla vi saM. 1789 hai| saMvat sataraha se samaya, aura navAsI liiy| sudi aSAr3ha tithi paMcamI, prantha samApata kIya // ' saMvat 1789 ASAr3ha zuklA paMcamI ko yaha grantha samApta kiyA gayA / bhUdharadAsa kI samayAMkita gadyakRti "carcA samAdhAna" kA racanAkAla vi. saM. 1806 hai - aThAraha se Sahottare, mAgha mAsa avsaan|| zukla pakSa tithi paMcamI, grantha samApati ThAna / ' vi. saM. 1846 ke mAgha mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI paMcamI ko yaha grantha samApta kiyA gyaa| isa prakAra jaina-zataka, pArzvapurANa aura carcA samAdhAna ina tInoM samayAMkita racanAoM kA kula racanAkAla 25 varSa hotA hai| sarvaprathama jainazataka kI racanA vi. saM. 1781 meM huI hai| ata: bhUdharadAsa kA janma isake 25-30 varSa pUrva avazya mAnanA hogA kyoMki sAmAnyata: kisI vyakti kA 25-30 varSa kA huye binA isa prakAra kA dhArmika evaM naitika grantha banAnA sambhava nahIM hai / isa AdhAra para bhUdharadAsa kA janma vi saM. 1781 ke lagabhaga 25 varSa pUrva vi saM. 1756 siddha hotA hai| DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla dvArA sampAdita "jaina pada saMgraha,"' paM. jJAnacanda vidizA dvArA saMkalita "adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA' evaM DaoN. nemicanda jaina dvArA sampAdita "jaina pada vizeSAMka meM bhI bhUdharadAsa kA janma . samaya 1757 diyA gayA hai| ata: merA bhI yaha nizcita mata hai ki bhUdharadAsa kA janma samaya vi. saM. 1756-57 hI honA caahie| bhUdharadAsa kA dehAvasAna kA samaya bhI anizcita hI hai, parantu uparyukta manISI vidvAnoM ne bhadharadAsa kA aMtima samaya vi. saM. 180 mAnA hai| jabaki yaha unakI samayAMkita antima kRti "carcA samAdhAna" kA racanA kAla hai| vi. saM. 1806 ke mAgha mAsa meM "carcA samAdhAna" kI racanA ke tatkAla bAda bhUdharadAsa 1, pArzvapurANa antima prazasti 2. carcA samAdhAna antima prazasti 3. jaina pada saMgraha- DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, mahAvIrajI 1964 4. adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA-saMkalanakartA zrI jJAnacanda vidizA, mumukSu maNDala, kAnapura 5. jaina pada vizeSAMka- sampAdaka DaoN. nemIcanda jaina

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 1 kI mRtyu ho gayI - isa sambandha meM koI nizcita tathya nahIM milate haiM / uparyukta manISI vidvAnoM ne bhUdharadAsa kI gadyakRti " carcA samAdhAna" ke racanA kAla vi. saM. 1806 ko hI unakA antima samaya mAna liyA hai, jabaki isa sambandha meM aura bhI adhika gaveSaNA kI AvazyakatA hai| bra. rAyamalajI ToDaramalajI se sarvaprathama vi. saM. 1812 meM siMghANA meM mile the, jabaki vaha unase milane ke utsuka 3-4 varSa pahale se hI the; kyoMki usa samaya taka ve unakI kIrti evaM vidvatA suna cuke the| vi. saM. 1812 ke pahale bra. rAyamala ToDaramalajI se milane jayapura gaye the, parantu vahA~ ToDaramalajI ke na milane para ve AgarA gaye the aura AgarA meM bhUdharadAsa se mile the| unake AgarA jAne evaM bhUdharadAsa se milane kA samaya nizcita hI vi. saM. 1812 se kucha pUrva hI hogaa| ataH vi. saM. 1812 ke Asa-pAsa bhUdharadAsa kA astitva nirvivAda siddha ho jAtA hai / bra. rAyamala ne apane dvArA likhita " jIvanapatrikA" meM jayapura se AgarA jAne, siMghANA meM ToDaramalajI se milane Adi kA vivaraNa isa prakAra diyA hai| 117 : "pIche ketAika dina rahi ToDaramala jaipura ke sAhUkAra kA putra tAkai vizeSa jJAna jAni bAhUM jitane ke artha jaipura se vAkU pAyA ara eka baMsIdhara kiMcita saMjama kA dhAraka vizeSa vyAkaraNAdi jaina mata ke zAstrAM kA pAThI, sau pacAsa lar3akA puruSa bAyAM jA nakhai vyAkaraNa chaMda alaMkAra kAvya caracA par3heM, tAsUM mile | pIche vAnai choDi Agarai gae / uhAM syAhagaMja viSai bhUdharamalla sAhUkAra vyAkaraNa kA pAThI, ghaNAM jaina zAstrAM kA pAragAmI tAsUM mile aura sahara viSai eka dharmapAla seTha jainI agravAla vyAkaraNa kA pAThI motI kaTalA kai caitAle zAstra kA vyAkhyAna kare, aura sau doya se sAdharmI bhAI tA sahita vAsUM mili pheri jaipura pAchA Ae / pIche sekhAvATI viSai siMghANAM namra tahAM ToDaramallajI eka dillI kA bar3A sAhUkAra sAdharmI tAkai samIpa karma kArya kai arthi vahAM rahe, tahAM hama gae ara ToDaramallajI sUM mile, nAnA prakAra ke prazna kie, tAkA uttara eka gomaTTasAra nAmA grantha kI sAkhi sUM dete bhae / tA grantha kI mahimA hama pUrve suNI thI, tAsUM vizeSa dekhii| ara ToDaramallajI kA jJAna kI mahimA adbhuta dekhI / " " 1. paMDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva, DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla pRSTha 46 44 2. paMDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva, DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla pariziSTa 1, jIvana patrikA bra. rAyamala dvArA likhita pRSTha 334-335

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118 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : digambara jaina bar3A mandira terApaMthiyAna jayapura meM prApta bhUdharadAsa dvArA likhita "carcA samAdhAna" kI eka hastalikhita prati vi. saM. 1815 meM likhI gaI, jisameM paM. ToDaramalajI dvArA gomaTTasAra Adi granthoM kI 60 hajAra zloka pramANa TIkA likhe jAne aura bhUdharadAsa ke "carcA samAdhAna" graMtha kI prAmANikatA ke bAre meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 'usa ullekha meM ToDaramalajI aura bhUdharadAsajI ina donoM ke vartamAna hone kA spaSTa saMketa hai - "su bhUdharamallajI bIca ToDaramalajI vizeSa gyAtA hai|" ata: bhUdharadAsa kA antima samaya vi. saM. 1815 to AsAnI se mAnA jA sakatA hai / parantu vAstava meM unakA avasAna kAla 1815 mAnanA bhI ThIka nahIM hai; kyoMki bra. rAyamalajI ne "jIvanapatrikA" evaM "indradhvaja vidhAna mahotsava patrikA" mAgha kRSNA 9 tri. saM. 1821 meM likhI thI, jisameM AgarA nagara evaM bhUdharadAsa kA ullekha kiyA thaa| indradhvaja vidhAna mahotsava jayapura nagara meM phAlguna kRSNA 4 vi saM. 1821 taka sampanna huA thaa| * sambhavata: bhUdharadAsa isa mahotsava meM sAmila hue ho aura yadi na bhI ho sake ho, to bhI unakA astitva ba. rAyamala se milane ke samaya vi. saM. 1812 se kucha samaya pUrva se lekara 10-11 varSa pazcAt vi. saM. 1822-23 taka mAnanA asaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai| ata: bhUdharadAsa kA antima samaya vi. saM. 1826 na mAnakara vi. saM. 1822-23 mAnA jAnA cAhie aura yahI yuktisaMgata bhI pratIta hotA hai| isa prakAra bhUdharadAsa kA kula samaya vi. saM. 1756-57 se lagAkara vi. saM. 1822-23 taka lagabhaga 65 varSa nizcita hotA hai| aneka granthoM ke lekhaka evaM sampAdaka prasiddha itihAsavijJa DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla bhUdharadAsa kA sAhityika jIvana yA racanAkAla sirpha 15-20 varSa hI mAnate hai| isa sambandha meM ve likhate haiM - "bhUdharadAsa kA sAhityika jIvana 1. paMDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva, DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla pRSTha 75 2. paMDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva,DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla pRSTha 75 3. paMDita roDaramala : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva,DaoN. hukamacanda pArilla pariziSTa 1, indradhvaja vidhAna mahotsava patrikA-ja. rAyamala pRSTha 346 4. sau phAguNa badi tAI tahAM hI pUjana hoyagA vA nitya zAstra kA vyAkhyAna, tatvoM kA nirNaya, paThana-pAThana, jAgaNa Adi zubha kArya cauthi tAhi~ uhAM hI hoyagA / " vahI pRSTha 340

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 119 saMbhavata: adhika lambA nahIM rhaa| unhoMne apane jIvana ke 15-20 varSa hI sAhitya sevA va lekhana meM lgaaye| 1 isI prakAra bhUdharadAsa para sarvaprathama zodhakArya karane vAle zodhArthI zrI bajendrapAlasiMha cauhAna bhUdharadAsa kA kAvyasRjana-kAla mAtra 10 varSa hI mAnate haiN| unakA kathana hai . "kavi ke janmadina - dina mA dIpa kA vivaraNa Adi kA spaSTa ullekha na to svayaM kavi dvArA hI kahIM huA aura nA hI bahikSyi hI isa viSaya meM kisI prakAra kI sUcanA detA hai / kavikRta racanAoM kA Alor3ana karane se yaha avazya hI vidita hotA hai ki kavikA kAvyasRjana-kAla nizcaya hI eka dazAbdI rahA hai| kyoMki kavi kI prathama racanA jainazataka saMvat 1781 meM racI gaI aura isake uparAnta pArzvapurANa nAmaka kRti ko kavi ne apane paMcavarSIya athaka parizrama se racA aura pArzvapurANa nAmaka mahAkAvya saMvat 1789 meM samApta huaa| upuryakta donoM kathanoM para vicAra karane para yaha pratIta hotA hai ki vidvatadvaya ne bhUdharadAsa kI samasta racanAoM kA avalokana nahIM kiyA tathA una para ullikhita racanAkAloM para dRSTipAta nahIM kiyaa| yadi sabhI racanAoM evaM unake racanAkAloM ko dRSTipatha meM lAyA jAtA to uparyukta mantavya sthira nahIM ho pAte, kyoMki bhUgharadAsa kI sarvaprathama kRti jainazataka vi. saM. 1781, dvitIya pArzvapurANa vi.saM. 1789 aura tRtIya gadyakRti "carcA samAdhAna" visaM. 1806 kI racanA hai| vi. saM. 1781 se 1806 taka kA kala samaya 25 varSa svata: siddha hotA hai |atH unakA sAhityika jIvana yA racanAkAla 10 varSa yA 15-20 varSa kisI bhI prakAra nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| samayAMkita racanAoM ke AdhAra para bhUgharadAsa kA sAhityika kAla 25 varSa hai| parantu anya phuTakara racanAe~ jina para samaya aMkita nahIM hai, isa samaya sImA kA ullaMghana bhI kara sakatI hai aura bhadharadAsa ke sAhityika jIvana ko vRddhiMgata bhI kara sakatI haiN| 1. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla vyaktitva aura kRtitva- DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla prastAvanA pRSTha 11 2 kavivara bhUdharadAsa kI kevala do hI racanAeM 'jainazataka' aura 'pArzvapurANa' samayAMkitahai / jinameM grantha samApti ke avalokana se nizcita kiyA jA sakatA hai ki saMvat 1781 se saMvat 1789 taka arthAt eka dazAbdi hI kavivara kA sAhitya sRjanakAla rahA / zodha granya kavivara (mahAkavi) bhUSaradAsa : vyaktitva aura kartRtva rajendrapAlasiMha cauhAna dvitIya adhyAya pRSTha 34-35, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya san 1978 3. vahI pRSTha 34-35

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120 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : vyaktitva :- bhUdharadAsa ke sAtha paMDita , kavivara, ' mahAkavi paMDita" Adi vizeSaNoM kA prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| sAmAnyata: jaina paramparA meM "paMDita" zabda kA prayoga sarvatra vidvatA ke artha meM kiyA jAtA hai, vizeSata: jJAnI samyagdRSTi ke artha meM parantu jAtigata artha meM isakA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne apane grantha "carcA samAdhAna" meM vividha carcAoM ke samAdhAna hetu lagabhaga 85 jainagranthoM ke nAma, uddharaNa evaM pramANa prastuta kiye / isase siddha hotA hai ki ve bahuzAstravid evaM prakANDa vidvAna the| bra. rAyamala bhI unheM "vyAkaraNa kA pAThI evaM bahuta jaina zAstroM ke pAragAmI 1 batalAte haiM |bhuudrdaas kA vyaktittva aneka guNoM se vibhUSita thA |sNkssep meM unameM vidyamAna guNoM kA vivecana nimnalikhita hai mahAkavi :- bhUdharadAsa ne pArzvapurANa, jaina zataka aura aneka padoM kI racanA kI hai| isalie ve kavi to hai hI, sAtha hI kaviyoM meM zreSTha "kavivara" evaM "pArzvapurANa" nAmaka mahAkAvya ke racayitA hone ke kAraNa "mahAkavi" bhI hai| adhyAtmarasika :- paMDita daulatarAma kAsalIvAla bhUdharadAsa ko paMDita, kavi tathA adhyAtmarasika mAnate hue likhate haiM ki - "bhUdharadAsa kavi the aura paNDita bhii| adhyAtma carcA meM unheM vizeSa rasa AtA thaa|" pravacanakAra :- bhUdharadAsa kavi evaM paMDita hone ke sAtha-sAtha eka acche pravacanakAra bhI the| unakA AgarA ke syAhagaMja (zAhagaMja ) jaina mandira meM pratidina pravacana hotA thaa| isa sambandha meM bra. rAyamala likhate hai - "syAhagaMja ke caitAlai bhUdharamalla zAstra kA vyAkhyAna kare aura sau doya sai sAdharmI bhAI tA sahita vAsU mili pheri jaipura pAchA Ae"7 1 carcA samAdhAna evaM bahanapada saMgraha, prakAzaka jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattA, vIra ni. saM. 2452 2. pArzvapurANa kI sabhI prakAzita pratiyoM ke nAma ke pUrva 'kavivara' vizeSaNa milatA hai| 3. "jaina zataka prakAzaka akhila bhAratIya jaina yuvA phaiDarezana zAkhA bhiNDa san 1990, nAma ke pUrva uparyuta upAdhi dI gaI hai| 4. paMDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva,DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla pariziSTa 1, jIvana patrikA na. rAyamala pRSTha 334 5. pArcapurANa kA mahAkAvyAtmaka anuzIlanaH prastuta zodha prabaMdha, paMcama adhyAya 6. anekAnta varSa 10 kiraNa 1 pRSTha 9-10 6. paMDita ToDaramala : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva,DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla pariziSTa 1,jIvana patrikA a. rAyamala pRSTha 334

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121 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana paMDita daulatarAma dvArA bhI isa kathana kI puSTi hotI hai . "ve AgarA meM syAhagaMja meM rahate the| syAhagaMja mandira meM unakA pratidina zAstra pravacana huA karatA thaa|" samAdhAnakartA :- bhUdharadAsa eka acche samAdhAnakartA bhI the| jainadharma evaM darzana se sambandhita aneka carcAoM kA unhoMne Agama evaM yuktisaMgata samAdhAna kiyA hai / zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna karate samaya unhoMne svayaM hI tatsambandhI pratizaMkAoM ko uThA kara unakA bhI ucita samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai| unake dvArA prAya: sabhI zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna Agama granthoM evaM anya zAstroM ke pramANoM dvArA puSTa evaM sammata karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| nirabhimAnI :- bhUdharadAsajI atyanta nirabhimAnI vyakti the, isalie ve mahAkAvya kI racanA karane vAle mahAkavi hokara bhI apane Apa ko alpabuddhi vAlA sAmAnya mAnava hI mAnate haiM / ve likhate haiM - "jinaguNa kathana agama vistArA, buddhi bala kauna lahai kavi pAra / / jinasenAdika sUri mahanta / varanana kara pAyo nahiM anta / / tau aba alpamati jana aur| kauna gati meM tinakI daura / / jo bahubhAra gayaMdana bahai / so kyoM dIna zazaka niravahai / ' isI taraha unakI dRSTi meM pAvapurANa kI racanA kA uddezya abhimAna yA sammAna kI cAha nahIM hai| apitu sva-para kA kalyANa karanA hai - jauM loM kavi kAvyaheta Agama ke acchara ko, aratha bicAreM tolau siddhi zubhadhyAna kI aura vaha pATha jaba bhUpari pragaTa hoya padai sunai jIva tinheM prApati hai jJAnakI aise nija parako vicAra hita hetu hama udyama kiyo hai nahiM bAna abhimAna kI jJAna aMza cAkhA bhaI aisI abhilAkhA aba karsa jori pAkhA jina pArasapurAna kii|' 1. anekAnta varSa 10 kiraNa 1 pRSTha 9-10 2 pArzvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 2 3. pAcapurANa, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 2

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122 mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : kavi bhUdharadAsa isa nAzavAna aura kSaNabhaMgura saMsAra ke vaibhava ko pAkara abhimAna karane vAloM ko dhikkArate huye mAna ke tyAgane kA upadeza dete haiM - japakara tapakara dAnakara, kara kara para upakAra / jaina dharma ko pAya kara, mAna kaSAya nivAra // vinamra :- bhUdharadAsa vinamra svabhAvavAle mahA mAnava the| vinamratA unameM kUTa-kUTa kara bharI thI; isIlie ve apane ArAdhya ke prati to vinamatA pradarzita karate huye stuti karate hI haiM, apitu sabhI pUjya padoM, jainAcAryoM evaM vidvAnoM Adi ke prati ahaMkAra chor3akara vinamratA pradarzita karate haiM - "jaina tattva ke jaannhaar| bhaye jathAratha kathaka udAra // tinake caranakamala kara jori| karo praNAma mAnamada chori / ' kavi bhUgharadAsa prakANDa vidvAna evaM vyAkaraNa ke pAThI hokara ke bhI apanI vinamratA isa prakAra prakaTa karate hai aura buddhimAnoM se kSamA karane, bhUla sudhArane kI prArthanA karate haiM - amarakoSa nahiM par3hayo, maiM na kahi piMgala pekhyo| kAvya kaMTha nahiM karI, sArasutaso nahi sIkhyau / / acchara saMdhi samAsa, jJAnavarjita vidhi hiinii| dharmabhAvanA hetu, kimapi bhASA yaha kInI / / jo artha chanda anamila kaho, so budha phera sNvaariyo| sAmAnya buddhi kavi kI nirakhi, chimAbhAva ura dhAriyo / ' isa prakAra bhUdharadAsajI ne apane sAhitya meM sarvatra vinamatA pradarzita kI miSTabhASI :- bhUdharadAsa vinamra hone ke sAtha-sAtha miSTa bhASI bhI the; isIlie ve kaThora bolane vAloM ko samajhAte huye kahate haiM ki - 1. jaina zataka, bhUdharadAsa, padya 34 2. carcA samAdhAna, pUdharadAsa, pRSTha 2 3. pArzvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa, pRSTha 2 4. pArzvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa, antima prazasti pRSTha 96

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 123 kAhe ko bolata bola bure nara / nAhaka kyoM jasa dharma gmaavai| komala vaina cavai kina aina. lagai kachu hai na sabai pana bhAvai / / tAlu chidai rasanA na bhidai, na ghaTe kachu aMka daridra na Ave / jIbha kahaiM jiya hAni nahIM tujha jI saba jIvana ko sukha pAvai // 1 pakSapAta virodhI :- bhUdharadAsa kisI bhI kathana ko sarvathA svIkAra na kara kathaMcid (kisI apekSA) svIkAra karate haiM tathA vacana kA pakSa karane meM aneka doSa dikhalAte hue usake chor3ane kI preraNA dete haiM - vacana pakSa meM guNa nahIM, nahi jinamata ko nyaay| aiMca kheMca sau prIti kI, Dora TUTa mata jaaii|| aiMca kheMca soM bahuta guna, TUTata lage na baar| 'aiMca kheMca bina eka guna, nahi TUTe niradhAra / / vacana pakSa paravata kiyo, bhayo kauna kalyAna / basu bhUpati hU pakSakAra, pahucau naraka nidAna / / vacana pakSa karivo buro, jahAM dharma kI haan| nija akAja para ko buro, jaro jaro yaha bAna / / khojI evaM jijJAsu :- bhUdharadAsa jJAna ke kSetra ko anaMta mAnate haiN| isalie prApta jJAna meM saMtuSTa na rahane evaM nirantara khojI hone kI preraNA dete hue khoja karane vAle ke aneka guNa batalAte haiM :-- khoja kiye guNa hoI vizeSa vAda kiye guna ko nahi lesh| pUchatatA nara paMDita hoi, jAgatar3A nara musai na koI / / yAhI meM saba koi gvAlabAla bhI kahata hai| khojI jIve jo vAdI ko jIvana viphala // " isI taraha ve jAnakAra hone para bhI aura adhika jAnane kI icchA rakhane evaM usake lie prayatna karate rahane kA upadeza dete haiM - jo tuma nIkai lInoM jAna, tAmai bhI hai bahuta vijaan| tAH sadA udyamI raho, jJAna gumAna bhUli jina go|| vicArazIla :- bhUdharadAsa eka vicArazIla manuSya the| ve yogya aura 1. jaina zataka, bhUdharadAsa, padya 70 2. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa, pRSTha 3 3. vahI pRSTha 3 4. vahI pRSTha 3

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124 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : I ayogya kA vicAra karake hI koI kArya karate the / tattva carcA aura tattva nirNaya ke sambandha meM bhI ve vicAra karane evaM tattva ke jAnane vAle logoM se pUchane kI salAha dete haiM - nIti siMhAsana baiTho vIra, mati zruta doU rAkha vajIra / joga ajogaha karo vicAra, jaise nIti nRpati vyavahAra // jo caracA citameM nahi car3heM, so saba jaina sUtrasoM kadai / athavA je zrutamaramI loga, tinheM pUcha lIjai yaha joga // 1 ve kisI navIna vArtA ko sunakara yA tattva kI koI vizeSa carcA ko sunakara tatkAla usakI upekSA na karake usa para bAra-bAra vicAra karane kI preraNA bhI dete haiM jo navIna caracA suna le doya cAra dina karo vicAra, tAkoM turata dhakA mati dehu / eka cita kara bArabAra // 2 dhairyazIla :- bhUdharadAsa asAtA karma ke udaya meM vipatti Ane para adhIra na hokara dhairya dhAraNa karane evaM usake jJAtA dRSTA banane kI koziza karate haiM tathA dUsaroM ko bhI aisA hI upadeza dete haiM - Ayo hai acAnaka bhayAnaka asAtA karma, tAke dUra karive ko bali kauna aha re / je je mana bhAye te kamAye pUrva pApa Apa, teI aba Aye nija udai kAla laha re / ere mere bIra kAhe hota haiM adhIra yAmai, koDa kauna sIra tU akelo Apa saha re / bhaye dilagIra kachu pIra na vinasi jAya, tAhI taiM sayAne tU tamAsagIra rAha re // bhAgyavAdI :- bhUdharadAsa dhana sampatti Adi kI prApti bhAgya (pUrvopArjita 3 karma kA phala ) ke anusAra mAnate haiN| ve kahate hai ki cAhe kitanA bhI parizrama tathA soca vicAra kiyA jAya parantu dhana bhAgya se adhika yA kama nahIM mila sakegA - jo dhana lAbha lilAra likhyau, laghu dIragha sukata ke anusArai / so lahi hai kachU phera nahIM, marUdeza ke Dhera sumera sidhArai // 1. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa, pRSTha 3 2 carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa, pRSTha 4 3 jaina zataka, bhUdharadAsa, padya 71

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125 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana ghATa na bAr3ha kahIM vaha hoya, kA kara Avata soca vicaarai| kUpa kidhau bhara sAgara maiM nara, gAgara mAna mile jala sAre // ' dhArmika :- bhUdharadAsa kA jIvana atyanta dhArmika thaa| unake anusAra mAnava jIvana kI sArthakatA dharma ko AtmasAt kara dhArmika banane meM hI hai| dharma-sAdhana karane ke lie hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, tRSNA (parigraha) Adi kA tyAga Avazyaka hai| sAtha hI madya-mAMsa se bacAva evaM dasaroM kI nindA aura apanI prazaMsA kA tyAga bhI jarUrI hai| devapUjA Adi SaTkarmoM kA pAlana evaM sAdhu puruSoM kI saMgati bhI dhArmika citta ke lie anivArya hai / sacce deva, zAstra, guru, dharma Adi ko jAna pahicAna kara sacce mArga para calanA pratyeka dhArmika vyakti kA kartavya hai| bhUdharadAsa ke zabdoM meM - deva guru sA~ce mAna sA~co dharma hiye Ana, sA~cI hI bakhAna suni sA~ce paMca Ava re| jIvana kI dayA pAla jhUTha taji corI TAla, dekha nA virAnI bAla tisanA ghttaavre|| apanI bar3hAI paranindA mata karai bhAI yahI caturAI mada mAMsa ko bacAva re| sAdha SaTakarma sAdhu saMgati meM baiTha vIra, jo hai dharma sAdhana ko tere cita cAva re // bhUdharadAsa kI dRSTi meM manuSya jIvana kI sArthakatA dharma pAlana karane meM hai| binA dhArmika kRtyoM ke mAnava jIvana vyartha ga~vAnA ThIka nahIM hai| ' mAnava zarIra ke pratyeka aMga kI sArthakatA dharma sevana evaM usake nimitta-bhUta jinakathA ke zravaNa, paThana, kathana Adi meM hI hai|' 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, pacha 75 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, padya 44 3. (ka) aise zrAvaka kula tuma pAya vyathA kyoM khovata ho| |ttek| -bhUdharavilAsa pada (kha) kara kara jina guna pATha, jAta akAratha re jiyA / ATha pahara meM sATha,gharI ghanere mola kI // - jainazataka padya 22 4, pai yaha uttama nara avtaar| jina caracA bina aphala asAra // supi purAna jo ghume na sosa / so thothe nArela sarIsa / / jina caritra je sune na kAna / dera geha ke chidra samAna || jo mukha jaina kathA nahiM koy| jIbha mujaMgani ke bila soya / / - pArzvapurANa, pRSTha 2

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126 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : naitika evaM sadAcArI :- bhUdharadAsa nItivAna evaM sadAcArI puruSa the / unhoMne apane jIvana meM nIti aura sadAcAra ko ati mahattva diyaa| unake sAhitya meM aneka sthAnoM para nItiyupa jana milatA hai| yA Ayu hIna nara ko yathA, auSadhi lagai na lesh| tyoM hI rAgI puruSa prati, vRthA dharma upadeza // ' "yoM sukha nivau bAMdhava doya, nija nija Teva na TAre koya / vakra cAla viSadhara nahiM tajai, haMsa vakratA bhUla na bhajai / / 2 "khala se mile kahA sukha hoya, viSadhara bheTe lAbha na koy|* 3 "durjana aura zaleSamA, ye samAna jgmaahiN| jyoM jyoM madhure dIjiye, tyoM tyoM kopa karAhiM // "* "jaisI karanI Acarai, taiso hI phala hoy| indrAyana kI baili kai, AMba na lAgai koya // 5 yathA haMsa ke vaMza ko, cAla na sikhavai koy| syoM kulIna nara nAri ke, sahaja namana guNa hoya // "durjana dUkhita saMta ko, sarala subhAva na aay| darpaNa kI chavi chAra soM, adhikahi ujjala thAya / / sajjana Tarai na Teva soM, jo durjana dukha dey| candana kaTata kuThAra mukha, avazi suvAsa krey||| sadAcArI vyakti ke rUpa meM bhUdharadAsa saptavyasana ke tyAgI, aSTamUla guNoM ke dhArI," gRhastha ke SaT Avazyaka pAlane vAle 10 jaina zrAvaka the| ve anyAya, anIti evaM abhakSya ke sarvathA tyAgI the| ve gRhastha hokara bhI vanavAsI 1, pArzvapurANa, bhUgharadAsa pRSTha 6 2. pArzvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 5 3, pArvapurANa, bhrUgharadAsa pRSTha 7 4. pAvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 8 5. pArzvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 8 6 . pArzvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 26 7, pArzvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 7-8 8. jainazataka, padya 50 se 63 taka 9. madhu, mAMsa, maghu evaM pA~ca udumbara phaloM kA tyAga 10. jainazataka padya 48

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127 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana hone kI tIvra icchA rakhate the; isIlie nirgrantha dazA hone ke kSaNa para ve balihArI hote haiN| virakta :- bhUdharadAsa naitika, sadAcArI, dhArmika hone ke sAtha -sAtha saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM ke prati virakta bhI haiM / vairAgya prApti ke lie ve ati saceSTa haiM, isIlie bArambAra bAraha bhAvanAoM kA cintana karate haiM tathA saMsAra - zarIra- bhogoM ke svarUpa kA vicAra karate haiN| antata: bhAvanA mAte haiM ki - kaba gRhavAsa sau udAsa hoya vana seU deU nijalya gati rokU mana karI kii| rahi ho aDola eka Asana acala aMga sahi ho parIsA zIta-ghAma-pepa-marIkI / / sAraMga samAja khApa kabadhau khuje hai Ani, dhyAna dalajora jItUM senA moha uriikii| ekala bihArI jathA jAtaliMgayArI kara, hoU icchAcArI bastihArI ho yA parIkI / ' ___ AtmonmukhI :- bhUdharadAsa kA Antarika vyaktitva sAMsArikatA se pare AtmonmukhI hai| ve Atmahita ke prati pUrNatayA jAgarUka evaM sAvadhAna hai; isIlie roga aura mRtyu ke Ane ke pahale hI Atmahita (AtmAnubhava) karanA cAhate haiN| unakA kathana hai - jaulau deha terI kAhU roga so na gherI, jaulau jarA nAhiM nerI jAsau parAdhIna pari hai| jaulau jamanAmA bairI deya na damAmA jaulauM, mAnai kAna rAmA buddhi jAya na bigari hai / / tauloM mitra mere nija kAraja saMvAra le re, pauruSa thakeMge phera pIche kahA kari hai| aho Aga Ayai jaba jhoparI jarana lAgai, kuA ke khudAya saba kauna kAja sari hai|' 1. jainazataka padya 17 2. pArzvapurANa, pUgharadAsa pRSTha 30 tathA 64 3. (ka) pAvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 18 athavA bajanAbhi cakravartI kI vairAgya bhAvanA (kha) pAvapurANa, bhUgharadAsa pRSTha 63 4. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, padya 17 5. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, padya 26

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128 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kavi kI dRSTi meM saMsAra kI rIti bar3I vicitra evaM vairAgyotpAdaka hai / yahA~ janma-mRtyu kA cakra calA hI karatA hai| eka hI samaya meM kahIM to janma kI badhAiyA~ bajatI hai aura kahIM putra viyoga (maraNa) se hAhAkAra macatA hai| kintu saba kucha jAnate hue bhI yaha mUr3ha manuSya cetatA nahIM aura karor3oM kI eka-eka ghar3I ko vyartha hI khotA jAtA hai / kavi cetAvanI dete hue kheda vyakta karatA hai kAhU ghara putra jAyo kAhU ke viyoga Ayo, kAhU rAga - raMga kAhU roA roI karI hai| jahA~ bhAna agata uchAha gIta gAna dekhe, sAMjha samai tAhI thAna hAya hAya parI hai| aisI jagarIti ko na dekhi bhayabhIta hoya . hA hA nara mUDha ! terI mati kaune harI hai| mAnuSa janama pAya sobata vihAya jAya. khovata karorana kI eka eka gharI hai|' isa prakAra kavi bhUdharadAsa saMsAra se haTakara AtmonmukhI vRtti vAle vyakti the| ___ bhakta evaM guNAnurAgI :- bhUdharadAsa bhakta evaM guNAnurAgI haiM / ve apane ArAdhya ke prati pUrNa samarpita haiN| unake ArAdhya arahanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu- paMcaparameSThI, jinavANI (zAstra) jinadharma Adi haiM; isalie ve una saba ke prati bhakti pradarzita karate hue stuti karate haiN| ' bhaktivaza bhUdharadAsa jainadharma kI vizeSa mahimA batalAte haiM / bhakta kavi paMcaparameSThiyoM ko namaskAra karatA huA sabhI pUjya padoM ko pUjakara alpabuddhi evaM hInazakti vAlA hokara bhI bhakti ke vaza mahAkAvya "pArzvapurANa" kI racanA karatA hai - bandau tIrthakara caubIsa / bandI siddha basaiM jagasIsa / / bandau AcAraja ubajhAya / bandI parama sAdhu ke pAya / / 1. jainazataka padya 21 2. jainazataka padya 1 se 15 3. jainazataka padya 93 se 105 taka

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 129 ye pada pAMcoM prmetth| ye hI sAMca aura saba heTha // ye maMgala pUjya atiiv| ye hI uttama sarana sadIva // ' sakala pUjya pada pUja ke alpabuddhi anusaar| bhASA pArzvapurANa kI, karau sva para hitakAra // ' zakti bhakti bala kavina pai, jinaguna varanai jAhiM / maiM aba varanoM bhaktivaza zakti mUla mujha naahiN||' bhUdharadAsa svayaM guNagrAhI haiM aura ve dUsaroM ko bhI guNagrAhaka banane kA upadeza dete haiM - bhUdharavinavai vinaya kari, suniyau sajjana log| guNa ke grAhaka hUjiye, iha vinatI tuma joga / guNagrAhI zizu thana lagai, ruthira chor3I paya let| iha bAlaka so sikhiye, jo zira Aye seta // ' hiMsA evaM baira ke virodhI :- bhUdharadAsa hiMsA evaM vaira ke virodhI haiN| bhUdharadAsa hiMsA ko pApa evaM durgati ke duHkhoM kA kAraNa mAnate haiM - hiMsA karama parama adya heta, hiMsA duragati ke phala det| hiMsA so bhramiye saMsAra, hiMsA nija para ko dukhakAra / ' bhUdharadAsa dharma ke nAma para yajJAdi meM hone vAlI hiMsA ke bhI virodhI hai; isalie pazubali kA niSedha karane hetu ve pazuoM kI ora se yajJakartA se prazna karate haiN|' isI taraha ve vaira bhAva ko duHkha kA kAraNa tathA maitrI bhAva ko sukha kA kAraNa mAnate hue vaira chor3ane evaM maitrI karane kA upadeza dete haiM - 1, pArzvapurANa- bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 2 2. pArzvapurANa- bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 2 3. pAvapurANa-bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 2 4. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa, antima prazasti pRSTha 122 5. pArzvapurANa- bhUgharadAsa pRSTha 10 6. jenazavaka, padya 47

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130 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : dveSa bhAva sama jagata meM, dukha kAraNa nahi koy| maitrI bhAva samAna sukha aura na dIsai loya / / maitrI bhAva pIyUSa rasa, bairabhAva visspaan| amRta hota viSa khAiye, kisa guru kA yaha jJAna / ' Adi anta meM virasa hai baira bhAva duHkharUpa / Adi madhura Age mathura, maitrI bhAva anUpa / / jIva jAti jAvaMta, sabasoM maitrI bhAva kri| yAko yaha siddhAMta , baira virodha na kiijiye||' isa prakAra bhUdharadAsa kA bAhya vyaktitva arthAt zArIrika saMgaThana ajJAta hai, parantu unakI racanAoM dvArA unake Antarika vyaktitva arthAt mAnasika sthiti Adi kA jJAna bhalIbhA~ti ho jAtA hai| unake Antarika vyaktitva ko samajhane ke lie unakI kRtiyoM meM AI huI uparyukta ve sabhI paMktiyA~ sahAyaka haiM; jinameM unake manobhAvoM evaM vicAroM kI jhalaka milatI hai| kavi bhUdharadAsa kI racanAoM ke avalokana se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi mahAna vidvAna, pravacanakAra, samAdhAnakartA, bhakta, gaNAnurAgI, adhyAtmarasika, nirabhimAnI, vinama, miSTabhASI, pakSapAtavirodhI, khojI, jijJAsu, vicArazIla, dhairyavAna, bhAgyavAdI, dhArmika, naitika, sadAcArI, virakta evaM AtmonmukhI vRttivAlA mahA puruSa hai / usake vyaktitva meM aneka guNa parilakSita hote haiN| ve samasta guNa usako sAmAnya vyaktitva se uThAkara asAmAnya mahApuruSa ke pada para pratiSThita karate haiN| mahAna vyaktitva ko lie hue mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa jahA~ eka ora dhArmika aura naitika AdarzoM kI bAta karate haiM ; vahAM dUsarI aura sAmAjika burAiyoM aura durbalatAoM para bhI karArI coTa karate haiN| ve tatkAlIna samAja meM vyApta dyUtakrIr3A (juA) mAMsa bhakSaNa, madyapAna, vezyAgamana, parastrIsevana, cauryavRtti, AkheTa (zikAra) evaM pazu bali Adi ke doSa nirUpita karate haiM tathA rItikAlIna kaviyoM dvArA dI gaI nArI ke aMga pratyaMgoM kI upamAoM kI evaM zrRMgAraparaka kAvya 1. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa, antima prazasti pRSTha 122-123 2. pArzvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa, antima prazasti pRSTha 96 3. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa, pRSTha 1

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 131 kI racanA karane vAle kaviyoM kI tIvra AlocanA karate haiN| isI taraha ve samAja meM vyApta IrSyA, dveSa, chala, prapaMca hiMsA Adi ko chor3ane evaM prema, saralatA, ahiMsA Adi ko apanAne para bala dete haiN| kavi bhUdharadAsa kA jIvana dhArmika naitika evaM sadAcArayukta thaa| ve Atmahita ke prati satat jAgarUka the| unameM AdhyAtmika cetanA ati unnata thii| apanI AdhyAtmika samunnata cetanA ko unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM sarvatra sthAna diyA hai / inhIM racanAoM ke mAdhyama se unake mAnasika jagata aura unakI manovaijJAnika sthiti kA yatkicit AbhAsa hotA hai| kavi ke upari varNita zAktitva ke nirNaya meM pArAgata zAmidaH saMskAra to kAraNa hai hI, sAtha hI kavi kI antaH preraNA evaM mitroM kI bAhyapreraNA bhI bahuta sahAyaka huI hai| kavi ne apane mitroM kI sahAyatA evaM salAha ko hRdaya se svIkAra karate hue unakI bArambAra preraNA se apane Alasya kA anta mAnA phiri - phiri prere mere Alasa kA anta bhayo, unakI sahAya yaha merau mana mAne hai|' pratyeka vyakti parivAra, samAja, deza, kAla, vAtAvaraNa tathA dUsare kaI vyaktiyoM se kucha na kucha prabhAva grahaNa karatA hai, bhUdharadAsa ne bhI kiyA hai - 1. amRtacandra munirAja kRta, kimapi artha avdhaar| jIva tattva varNana likhyo, aba ajIva adhikAra // ' pUjyapAda munirAya, zrI saravAratha siddhi meN| kahyo kazcana ihi bhAya, dekha lIjiyoM subudhijn|' 3. pUraba gAthA ko aratha, likhyau caupAI laay| SaTapAhui TIkA viSai, dekha leu ihi mAya / / ' ihi vidhi jo koI puruSa, pUcha saMzaya raashi| tAki samujhAvana nimitta likhU jinAgama saakhi||' 3. pAvapurANa pRSTha 36 1.jenazataka, padya 105 4. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 45 2. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 82 5. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 68

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132 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 5. triloka prajJapti meM, kathana kiyo budharAja / ___ so bhavijana avadhAriyo, saMzaya meTana kAja // '. 6. ye saba nau adhikAra, jIva siddha kArana khe| inako kachu vistAra, likho jinAgama dekhi ke||' 7. yaha gyAraha pratimA kathana, likhyo siddhAnta nihaar| aura prazna bAkI rahe aba tinako adhikAra / / ' 8. aba tinako AkAra kachu, eka deza avdhaar| likho eka dRSTAnta kari, jinazAsana anusAra // * 9. pUraba carita diloka kai, bhUdhara buddhi samAna / bhASA bandha prabandha yaha kiyo Agare thAna // ' 10. jaina sUtra kI sAkha soM, sva-para heta ura Ana / caracA nirnaya likhata haiM, kIjo puruSa pramAna // ' 11. jina zruti sAgara te kanyo, caracA amRta mahAna / ati aMjuli paramAna nija, karo nirantara pAna // ' 12. rAti divasa ciMtana kiyo, vividha grantha ko bheva / dekhi dIna ko zrama adhika, dayA dakSiNA deva // 13. "iha caracA samAdhAna grantha virSe keteka sandeha sAdharmI janoM ke likhe Ae, zAstrAnusAra tinakA samAdhAna huvA hai so likhA hai|" yaha caracA samAdhAna nAma grantha mAna bar3hAI ke Azaya sUM athavA apanI prasiddhi bar3hAvane tathA vacana ke pakSa sauM nAhIM likhA, yathAvat zraddhAna ke nimitta zAstra kI sAkha sauM likhA hai|" 10 1. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 69 2. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 79 3. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 884. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 94 5. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 956. carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 4 7. carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 1 . carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 123 9. carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 4 10. carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 121

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 133 uparyukta sabhI kathanoM se spaSTa hai ki bhUdharadAsa, kundakunda, amRtacanda, umAsvAmI, nemIcanda, pUjyapAda, samantabhadra Adi sabhI pramukha jainAcAryoM se prabhAvita the ve jagaha-jagaha jinAgama ko pramANa mAnane evaM jinAgama ke anusAra varNana karane kA ullekha karate haiM, isalie unakI dRSTi meM jinAgama sarvopari hai| unake dvArA "carcA samAdhAna" nAmaka grantha meM aneka jaina granthoM ke nAma, pramANa evaM uddharaNa diye gaye haiN| unheM dekhakara lagatA hai ki bhUdharadAsa ne tatsamaya upalabdha lagabhaga sabhI jaina zAstroM kA pArAyaNa kiyA thA aura ve ina sabase prabhAvita bhI hue the| isIlie unhoMne una sabakA ullekha apane granthoM meM kiyA hai| niSkarSa ke rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki bhUdharadAsa jinadeva, jinazAstra, jinaguru evaM jinadharma se prabhAvita the aura ina sabase prabhAvita hokara hI unhoMne jinAgama kI AmnAya anusAra samasta racanAe~ kI haiN| ** * sImaMdhara svAmI ..... sImaMdhara svAmI maiM caranana kA cerA // Teka // isa saMsAra asAra meM, koI aura na rakSaka merA // "sImaMdhara svAmI. " lakha caurAsI yoni meM, phira phira kInA pheraa| tuma mahimA jAnI nahIM prabhu, dekhyA duHkha pneraa| // sImaMdhara svAmI // bhAga udaya hai pAiyA aba, kIje nAtha niveraa| vegi dayA kara dIjiye mujhe, avicala thAna baserA / // sImaMdhara svAmI // nAma liyo agha na raha jyoM, Uge bhAnu aNdheraa| 'bhUdhara' cintA kyA rahI aisA, samaratha sAhaba merA / / sImaMdhara svAmI // - bhUdharadAsa

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134 mana haMsa mana haMsa hamArI le zikSA hitakArI // Teka // zrI bhagavAna caraNa pijareM basi, taji ..... kumati kAgalI sauM, mati rAcau, kIje prIta sumati haMsI sauM, // guru ke vacana vimala motI cuga, hai haiM sukhI sIkha sudhi rAkhe, mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : viSayana kI yArI // mana haMsa hamArI // nA vaha jAtA tihArI / budha haMsana kI pyArI / / || mana haMsa hamArI // dukha jala pUrita khArI / kAhai ko sevata bhava jhIlara, nija bala paMkha pasAri ur3okina, ho saravara cArI / / || mana haMsa hamArI kyoM nija bAna bisArI / 'bhUdhara' bhUle khvArI // // mana haMsa hamArI // bhUdharadAsa

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caturtha adhyAya racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa evaM paricayAtmaka anuzIlana ( ka ) racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa (kha) racanAoM kA paricayAtmaka anuzIlana 1. gadya sAhitya carcA samAdhAna 2. padya sAhitya - (a) mahAkAvya-pArzvapurANa - ( ba ) muktaka kAvya - jainazataka, padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa, aneka phuTakara racanAe~ evaM prakIrNa pada

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 135 / racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa evaM paricayAtmaka anuzIlana ___ (ka) racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa bhUdharadAsa AdhyAtmika koTi ke sukavi the| unhoMne jinadeva, jinaguru jinazAstra aura jinadharma se prabhAvita hokara apane sAhitya kI racanA kii| unake dvArA racita sampUrNa sAhitya ko hama do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM --- {1) gadya (2) pdy| "gadya" meM unakI eka mAtra kRti "carcA samAdhAna" milatI hai; jo : jaina pustaka bhavana kalakattA se prakAzita huI hai| padyAtmaka racanAoM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai - (1) mahAkAvya aura (2) muktaka kAvya / unakI mahAkAvyAtmaka eka mAtra kRti "pArzvaparAga" hai, jisameM eka ora teIsaveM jaina tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke caritra ko ujAgara kiyA gayA hai tathA dUsarI ora sagyapUrvaka jaina siddhAnta kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai| muktaka kAvya ke antargata jainazataka, padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa nAmaka saMgrahIta racanAe~ tathA kaI vinatiyA~, pArzvanAtha stotra, ekIbhAva stotra, darzana stotra, paMcamerU AratI, saMdhyA samai kI AratI, nAbhinanda kI AratI, aSTaka neminAtha kA, neminAtha aSTaka, vIradeva aSTaka, pArzvanAtha aSTaka, karuNASTaka nizibhojana jana kathA, riSabhadeva ke dasa bhau ThAne kA gIta, dayA diThAvana gIta, paramArtha siSyAgIta, tIna / caubIsa ke jayamAla, vivAha samai jaina kI maMgala bhASA, nokAra mahAtama kI DhAla, | sapta vyasana niSedha DhAla, hukkA paccIsI yA hukkA niSedha caupAI, RSabhadeva ke | nhauna saMskAra kI badhAI, paramArtha jakar3I, holiyA~, gurustutiyA~, jinendrastutiyA~, / jinaguNa muktAvalI, bhUpAla caturviMzati bhASA, bAraha bhAvanA, solahakAraNa bhAvanA, vairAgya bhAvanA, bAbIsa parISaha Adi aneka phuTakara racanAe~ evaM aneka prakIrNa phuTakara pada Ate haiN| bhUdhara- sAhitya gadya padya carcA samAdhAna muktaka kAvya pArzvapurANa jainazataka bhUdharavilAsa yA padasaMgraha, aneka phuTakara racanAe~ evaM prakIrNa pada mahAkAvya

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136 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : muktaka kAvya ke antargata Ane vAlI bhUdharadAsa kI aneka racanAe~ vividha saMgrahoM meM saMgrahIta haiM / unameM kaI to unake "pArzvapurANa" evaM "padasaMgraha" se hI lI gaI hai, parantu unheM pRthak rUpa se yA pRthak nAma se prakAzita kara naI racanAe~ mAna liyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha - bAraha bhAvanAe~, solahakAraNa bhAvanA, bajranAbhi cakravartI kI vairAgya bhAvanA, bAbIsa pariSaha Adi "pArzvapurANa" ke antargata tathA aneka vinatiyA~, stotra, naukAra mahAtama kI DhAla, holiyA~, gurustuti Adi "padasaMgraha" ke antargata hI haiN| yadyapi bhUdharadAsa kI sampUrNa racanAoM ko khojane hetu rAjasthAna evaM uttarapradeza ke aneka zAstrabhaNDAroM ko dekhA gayA hai, aneka vidvAnoM se samparka kiyA gayA hai, carcAe~ kI gaI haiM; tathApi bhaviSya meM bhUdharadAsa kI anya kisI phuTakara racanA kI upalabdhatA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki jyoMjyoM prAcIna sAhitya kI khoja hotI jA rahI hai, tyoM-tyoM naI racanAe~ prakAza meM AtI jA rahI haiN| bhUdharadAsa kI samagra racanAoM ke bAre meM aneka mAnya vidvAnoM, samIkSakoM evaM jaina itihAsa lekhakoM ne apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| una sabhI ne bhUdharadAsa kI tIna pramukha racanAe~ hI mAnI haiM - 1. pAvapurANa 2. jaina zataka aura 3. padasaMgraha ! parantu DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla ne "bhUdharavilAsa" nAmaka eka anya hastalikhita grantha ke prApta hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| DaoN. premasAgara jaina ne bhI "bhUdharavilAsa" kI eka prati jayapura ke TholiyAna mandira meM veSTana kramAMka 132 meM upalabdha hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| isakI eka prati digambara jaina mAravADI mandira zakkara bAjAra indaura meM veSTana kramAMka 391 meM upalabdha hai / "bhUdharavilAsa" nAmaka eka kRti kA prakAzana "jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya" kalakattA se huA hai| vAstava meM yaha bhUdharadAsa kI navIna racanA / nahIM hai, apita padoM kA saMgraha hI hai; jo "padasaMgraha" ke nAma se prakAzita na 1, (ka) tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI paramparA, bhAga 4 - DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI pRSTha 273 (kha) hindI pada saMgraha - DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla pRSTha 143 (ga) hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, jaina hitaiSI 131 - paMDita nAthUrAma premI pRSTha 12 (gha ) jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa - bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina pRSTha 172 (i) kavivara bhUdharadAsa aura jaina zataka - bAbU zikharacanda jaina pRSTha 8 (ca) adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA * paMDita jJAnacanda jaina pRSTha 46 2. kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, khoja meM upalabdha, hastalikhita granthoM kA __ 14 vAM traivArSika vivaraNa pariziSTa 3. hindI jaina bhakta kAvya aura kavi - DaoN. premacanda jaina pRSTha 332

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 137 karake "bhUdharavilAsa" ke nAma se prakAzita kI gaI hai| "bhUdharavilAsa" meM "padasaMgraha" ke 3 pada yathAvata prakAzita haiM, jabaki "padasaMgraha" meM 27 anya pada sahita kula 80 pada upalabdha haiN| isa taraha "bhUdharavilAsa" pRthak racanA siddha nahIM ho pAtI hai| ata: nihalA ko padamA ne prazAH paravilAsa" nAmaka racanA kI upalabdhatA ke bhrama meM nahIM par3anA caahie| isI taraha paMDita paramAnanda zAstrI ne bhUdharadAsa kI eka anya anupalabdha kRti "kaliyuga carita" kA ullekha kiyA hai, parantu isa saMbaMdha meM unake dvArA koI pramANa nahIM diyA gyaa| idhara aneka zAstrabhaNDAroM ke avalokana evaM vidvatjanoM ke samparka se yaha pramANita ho. gayA hai ki bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita "kaliyuga carita' nAmaka koI racanA nahIM hai| DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla dvArA likhita "rAjasthAna jaina zAstra bhaNDAra kI sUcI bhAga-3" meM isa racanA kA ullekha to hai, kintu racayitA ke nAma ke sthAna para rikta sthAna hai / racanA aura racayitA kA ThIka se milAna na karane para koI use galatI se bhUdharadAsa kI racanA samajha sakatA hai, parantu vaha vAstava meM bhUdharadAsa kI racanA nahIM haiN| ata: use (kaliyuga carita ko) bhUdhara-sAhitya meM sthAna nahIM diyA jA sakatA hai| anya phuTakara racanAoM meM samAhita hAne vAlI kavi kI "gajabhAvanA" aura "paMcamerU pUjA" nAmaka do anya racanAoM kA ullekha jayapura ke TholiyAna mandira meM upalabdha zAstra bhaNDAra kI sUcI meM kiyA gayA hai| svargIya paMDita pannAlAla bAkalIvAla dvArA prakAzita vRhajjinavANI saMgraha meM bhUdharadAsa racita paramArtha jakar3I, bAraha bhAvanA gurustutiyA~, jinendrastutiyA~, pArzvanAtha stuti, pArzvanAtha stotra, ekIbhAva stotra bhASA, vairAgya bhAvanA evaM bAbIsa pariSaha Adi aneka racanAoM ko sthAna diyA gayA hai| isa taraha bhUdharadAsa kI gadya racanAoM meM eka mAtra "carcA samAdhAna", padya racanAoM meM mahAkAvya "pArzvapurANa", muktaka kAvya ke antargata jainazataka, padasaMgraha anya sabhI phuTakara racanAe~ evaM yatra-tatra bikhare hue pada samajhanA caahie| hindI sAhitya ke vRhad itihAsa bhAga-7 meM bhUdharadAsa kI tIna mahatvapUrNa racanAoM - pArzvapurANa, jainazataka evaM padasaMgraha kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai| isake atirikta hindI sAhitya sammelana prayAga dvArA prakAzita hastalikhita hindI graMthoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa evaM kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kI zodha riporTa meM bhI bhUdharadAsa kI jAnakArI dI gaI hai| 1. anekAnta varSa 10, kiraNa 1

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138 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : (kha) racanAoM kA paricayAtmaka anuzIlana : gadya sAhitya : carcA samAdhAna :- bhUdharadAsa dvArA gadya meM likhI huI eka mAtra kRti "carcA samAdhAna" nAma se upalabdha hai| isa kRti kA prakAzana "jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya" kalakattA dvArA huA hai / lekhaka ko isake "carcA samAdhAna aura "carcA nirNaya yaha donoM nAma abhISTa haiN| isa kRti meM jainadarzana se sambandhita 139 zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna kiyA gayA hai| aneka zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna meM apane uttara kI puSTi hetu vividha jaina graMthoM ke pramANa evaM uddharaNa bhI diye gaye haiN| aneka zaMkAoM ke samAdhAna meM kaI pratizaMkAe~ utpanna karake unake bhI samAdhAna kiye gaye haiN| sabhI samAdhAnoM meM yathAsambhava aneka graMtha ke nAma pramANa evaM uddharaNa milate haiM, jinakA vivaraNa yathAsthAna diyA jaayegaa| yaha kRti pUrNatayA saiddhAntika evaM dhArmika hai| isameM jaina siddhAntoM kA praznottara ( zaMkA-samAdhAna) ke mAdhyama se vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM isa graMtha kI viSayavastu nimnalikhita hai - yadyapi yaha gadya racanA hai; parantu isake prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNa, kucha upadezAtmaka bAteM, jaina dharma kI vizeSatAyeM, usakI vartamAna sthiti, jijJAsApUrvaka adhyayana karane kI preraNA Adi tathA graMtha ke anta kI prazasti padya meM dI gayI sarvaprathama maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM mahAvIra, jinavANI evaM gautama gaNadhara ko aSTAMga praNAma kiyA hai| pazcAt aSTAMga praNAma kA svarUpa likhA hai| kAmabhoga ko Adi meM madhura aura avasAna meM kaTu tathA tapa-vairAgya ko Adi meM virasa aura avasAna meM madhu batalAyA gayA hai / isIprakAra vairabhAva ko Adi anta meM virasa va duHkha rUpa tathA maitrI bhAva ko Adi anta meM anupama madhura batalAyA hai| kAma-bhoga tathA vairabhAva ko ahitakArI batalAkara tyAgane tathA taphvairAgya va maitrI bhAva ko hitakArI batalAkara grahaNa karane kA upadeza diyA yaha carcArUpI grantha jinAgamarUpI sAgara se nikalA hai, isalie nirantara isakA pAna kro| jeTha mahIne ke bar3e dina aura mAgha mAha kI bar3I rAta jinamata 1.carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 4 2. carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 4

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 139 kI carcA ke binA vyartha mata kro| jinamata kI carcArUpI madhura parama rasa jisane nahIM cakhA, usa manuSyarUpI vRkSa kI DAla meM sundara phala nahIM lgeNge| par3hanA, pUchanA, vicAranA, pATha karanA tathA upadeza denA Adi sabhI meM carcA garbhita hai / kahA bhI hai - jisaprakAra maNi aura viSa se rahita sarpa kA " sarpa" nAma nirarthaka hai; usIprakAra suvacana ke anusAra na calane vAle kA suvacana sunanA yA jAnanA nirdhaka hai / viSAkAra zuga se "siMha" ho ke "siMha" kahanA sArthaka hai, nAma se kisI ko "siMha" kahane se koI prayojana siddha nahIM hotA; usIprakAra hita karane vAle hone se suvacana mAtra jinendra ke vacana hI haiM, anya ke nhiiN| jisa prakAra catura ko hI dAkha acchI lagatI hai, kisI hIna kauve ko nahIM usI prakAra subuddhi ko hI suvacana rucikara hote haiM, mUrkha ko nhiiN| isa nikRSTa paMcamakAla meM jaina dharma kI durlabhatA evaM vartamana sthiti ke bAre meM bhUdharadAsa kA kathana paMcama kAla karAla ati, dekho sudhI vicAra / jinamata ke maramI puruSa, birale bharata ma~jhAra // jaina dharma ko marma hai mahAdurlabha jagamAhiM / samatiko kAraNa sahI yAmeM saMzaya nAhiM / / jaina dharma ko marma lahu varatai yaha apUrva acaraja sunau jaina dharma laha mada bar3he, amRtapAna viSa pariNavaiM, mAnakaSAya / jala meM lAgI lAya // vaida na mili hai koii| tAhi na auSadhi hoI // japakara tapakara dAnakara, kara kara para upasAra / jaina dharma ko pAyakara, mAna kaSAya nivAra / / kAladoSatai bhrama paryo, jinamata caracA mA~hi / tinako nirNaya joga hai jinazAsana kI chA~ha // ' carcAoM ke satya nirNaya karane ke sambandha meM ve kahate haiMnIti siMhAsana baiTho vIra matizruta doU rAkha vajIra / joga ajogaha karau vicAra, jaise nIti nRpati vyohAra // - jo caracA cita meM nahi cadai so saba jaina sUtrasoM kddh'eN| athavA je zrutamaramI loga, tinheM pUcha lIjai yaha joga // 1. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 4

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140 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : itane meM saMzaya rahi jAya, so saba kevala mAMhi smaay| ___ yoM nizalya kIjai nijabhAva, caracA meM haTha ko nahi dAva / / zabdoM yA vacanoM kA pakSa tyAjya mAnate hue ve usake doSa batAte haiM - vacana pakSa meM guNa nahIM, nahiM jinamata ko nyAya / aiMca baiMca sauM prIti kI, Dora TUTa mata jAI / / aiMca baiMca sau bahuta guna TUTata lagai na baar| aiMca baiMca bina eka guna, nahiM TUTai niradhAra // vacana pakSa paravata kiyo, bhayo kauna klyaan| basu bhUpati hU pakSakAra, pahu~cau naraka nidAna // vacana pakSa karivo buro jahA~ dharma kI aan| nija akAja para ko buro, jaro jaro yaha baan||' deza bhASA ke graMthoM kI prAmANikatA ke liye ve use saMskRta evaM prAkRta bhASA ke mUla graMthoM se milAna karane kI bAta karate haiM - prAkRta bAnIsoM milai, so saMskRta dRr3ha jaan| milai saMskRta pAThasoM, so bhASA paramAna / / bAla bodha bhASA vacana, upagArI abhiraam| zAkhA sAkhi jaha~ cAhiye, tahA~ na Avai kAma // ' satya carcA bhI bhramabhAva ke kAraNa asatya ho gaI hai| isa kalikAla meM bahuta sI asatya bAteM cala rahI haiN| vaktA vacana kA pakSa grahaNa kara lete haiM aura zrotA bhI apanI haTha nahIM chor3ate haiN| jinamata kI carcA agamya aura apAra hai; isalie thor3A bahuta jAnakara saMtuSTa nahIM honA caahie| adhika jAnane ke lie prayatna karate rahanA caahie| jo loga thor3A-sA jAnakara tRpta ho jAte haiM, ve jinamata kI rIti kA pAlana nahIM karate haiN| jinamatI khojI hotA hai / khoja karane se vizeSa guNa prakaTa hote haiM; jabaki vAda-vivAda karane meM koI guNa nahIM hai| tabhI to satya hai - yAhIte saba koI, gvAlabAla bhI kahata haiN| khojI jIvai joI, vAdI ko jIvana viphala // " 1. carcA samAdhAna, bhUgharadAsa pRSTha 3 2. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 3 3. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 3 4. vahI pRSTha 3

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I ! : eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana jo kA mati dehu / kara bAra bAra // jijJAsu hone evaM vicAra karane kI preraNA dete hue bhUdharadAsa kahate haiM ki - tuma nIkai lInoM jAna, tAmaiM bhI hai bahuta bijAna / tAtaiM sadA ugramI raho, jJAnagumAna bhUli jina gaho / jo navIna caracA suna lehu tAko turata doya cAra dina karo vicAra ekacita tAmaiM kahA doSa hai mIta vinaya aMga jinaghata kI nIta / AjJA bhaMga hai pApa vizAla, mUrakha nara ke bhAsai khyAla || samyagdRSTi jIva sujAna, jinavara ukti kareM saradhAna / ajathAratha saradhA bhI kareM, maMdajJAnajuta doSa na gharai // sUtra siddhAnta sAkha jaba hoI, sata saradhAna dir3hAvai koI / jo haThasoM nAhIM saradhahai, tabasauM jAni mithyAtvI kahai / ' bhUdharadAsa jaina dharma kI carcAoM ke samAdhAna apane aura dUsaroM ke kalyANa ke lie jaina zAstroM kI sAkSIpUrvaka ( pramANapUrvaka ) karate haiM isalie ve samAdhAna pramANika haiN| isa grantha meM pahalI carcA prArambha karane ke pUrva sajjana guNagrAhI janoM se bhUdharadAsa prArthanA karate hue kahate haiM - " isa caracA samAdhAna graMthaviSai keteka saMdeha sAdhamrmI janoM ke likhe Ae, zAstrAnusAra tinakA samAdhAna huA hai, so likhA hai| aba to bahuzruta sajjana guNagrAhI haiM, tinasUM merI vinatI hai, isa graMtha ko par3have kI apekSA kIjo, AdyopAMta avalokana kariyo / jo caracA tumhAre vicAra kau saddahai, so pramANa karaso, jo vicAra meM na sahaiM vahAM madhyastha rahanA aura jaina kI caracA apAra hai, kAla doSasauM tathA matizruta kI ghaTatIsauM tinaviSai saMdeha bahuta par3e tisa tinakA kahA tAMI koI nirNaya karegA / caturthakAla viSai chaThe sAte guNasthAnavartI sAdhu ke pada padArtha ke citavana meM bhAMti upajai, kevalI - zrutakevalI binA nirNaya na hoI to carcA 141 - samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 4 1. 2. jaina kI sAkha sauM, svapara hetu ura Ana / caracA nirnaya likhita hai, kIja puruSa pradhAna // carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 4 sUtra

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142 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : abakI kauna bAta hai? tAtai yathAyogya avalokana binA mana ke avalambana nimitta ketika caracA kA vicAra likhie / ' carcA 1 - munirAja ke aisA kauna saMdeha huA hoI tisakma kevalI zrutakevalI binA nirNaya na hoI, tisa saMdeha kI jAti jAnI cAhiye ? carcA 2 - samyagdarzana kA kyA svarUpa hai ? carcA 3 - vyavahAra samyaktva kaise kahie aura nizcaya samyaktva kaise khiye| carcA 4 - samyaktva kI utpatti doya prakAra hai - eka nisargata dUjI adhigmjteN| tinakA svarUpa kyA hai ? carcA 5 - pA~ca labdhi meM karaNalabdhi kA kyA svarUpa hai ? carcA 6 - gommaTasAra meM samyaktva ke 6 bhAga kahe haiM ina chahu samyaktva kA kyA svarUpa hai ? carcA 7 - khelA gayA viyoganA ki annA kara hai| carcA 8 - koI jIva upazama zreNI car3he to kai bAra caDhai ? carcA 9 - antarmuhurta ke kitane vikalpa haiM ? carcA 10- AvalI kA kyA svarUpa hai ? carcA 11- kSapaka zreNIvAlA navameM anivRttikaraNa nAmA guNasthAnaviSai navabhAga kari chattIsa prakRti kA kSaya kareM hai aura jo upazama zreNI caTTai so navameM guNasthAna viSai upazama ketI prakRti kA karai / brahma vilAsa ke cetana caritra virSe chattIsa kA hI upazama likhyA hai, so kaise hai ? carcA 12- avirata nAma caturtha guNasthAna kI ketaka kAla sthiti hai ? carcA 13- chaThA sAtavA~ guNasthAna ivarU~ kI nAIM huA karai hai tahAM jaisA sunA hai jaba chaThe sUM sAtaveM AI jAI taba gamana karatai pAMva jyoM kA tyoM hI rahai, AhAra karatai grAsa jyoM kA tyoM hI raha jAI, so kaise hai ? carcA 14- chaThaveM sUM gyArahaveM guNasthAna tAI utkRSTa tathA jaghanya sthiti antarmuhUrta mAtra hai ara eka samaya mAtra bhI kahI hai| banArasIdAsajI ne nATaka ke guNaThANAdhikAra meM bhI kahI hai so kyUM kara hai ? carcA 15- samyaktva sahaja sAdhya hai ki yala sAdhya hai ? 1, carcA samAdhAna, pUdharadAsa pRSTha 4

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143 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana carcA 16- vidyamAna bharatakhaMDa vidhaM paMcamakAla meM samyagdRSTi jIva keteka pAie? carcA 17- parantu zAstra ke virSe yA binA tau koI vastu na hoI yAtrai samyaktva ke bAhya lakSaNa zAstra virSe kyoM na hohige ? carcA 18- dazAdhyAya sUtra ke navameM adhyAyavirSe dazapuruSa samyagdRSTi Adi paraspara asaMkhyAta guNI adhika nirjarA vAle kahe haiN| tinakA svarUpa kyA carcA 19 kevali samudghAta ke ATha samaya haiM tisaviSai asanAr3I ke bAhira ke jIva ke pradeza kauna se samaya pAiye ? carcA AF samudghAta kevalI to zAstravirSe prasiddha hai| samudghAta kevalI kI kathA bahuta prasiddha naahii| carcA 21- teraha guNaThANe kevalI ke eka sAtAvedanIya kA bandha kahyA so samaya sthAyI hai / vedanayI karma ke bandha kI utkRSTa sthiti tIsa sAgara kI kahI, jaghanya bAraha muhUrta kI kahI, iha samaya sthAyI kauna se sthiti bandha kA bheda hai ? carcA 22- terahaveM tathA caudahaveM guNasthAna meM paccAsI prakRti kI sattA hai / tinavirSe udaya kaunasI prakRti kA hai ? carcA 23- terahaveM guNaThANe ketI ika prakRti sattA virSe hai, udaya binA kisI hI prakRti kA kSaya hotA nAhIM, so sattA to saMbhavai udaya kyU~ kara sambhavai ? carcA 24- kevalI paramaudArika deha kA dharanahArA hai .tisa audArika zarIra kI sthiti kavalAhAra binA dezona koDi pUrva hai, so kAhe soM hoI ? carcA 25- paramaudArika deha kA kyA svarUpa hai ? carcA 26- saMhanana kauna-kauna jAgai hai, ara kauna jAgai nAhI ? carcA 27- tIrthakara kavelI ke chayAlIsa guNa kahe aura sAmAnya kevalI ke kitane hoI ? carcA 28- janmAtizaya ke anantabala aura kevalajJAna ke samaya anantavIrya kA ina donoM meM bheda kyA hai ? carcA 29- tIrthakara kevalI kai chayAlIsa atizaya (guNa) vidheM vANI kA prasaMga tIna bAra AyA - / tinamaiM vizeSa kyA ? carcA - samosaraNa meM kevalI kahA~ tiSThai hai ?

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144 mahAkavi pUdharadAsa : carcA 31- pA~coM indriyA~ aura mana apane-apane yogya viSaya ko grahaNa kreN| yaha grahaNa sAmarthya rUpa gharU guNa kisakA hai, jIva kA kaho to makti jIva kai batAo, pudagala kA kaho to mRtaka ke btaao| donoM kA kaho to kevalI ke batAo ? carcA 32- kevalI tIrthakara ke aSTa prAtihArya virSe azokavRkSa kahA so kAhe kA vRkSa hai ? carcA 33- samavasaraNa meM tUpa kahe tinakI uccatA tathA vistAra kyA hai ? carcA 34- koI aisA kahe ..jaba tIrthaMkara kevalI kI Ayu mAsa bAkI rahe taba puNya pUrA ho jAya / samavasaraNa kI racanA na rahe, bAraha sabhA vighaTa jAMI, devatA pramukha pAsa hoMi so cale jAi praNAma kara naahiiN| yaha bAta kyoMkara hai ? carcA 35- caubIsa tIrthakara kisa-kisa Asana sauM mokSa gaye ? carcA 36- kevalI ke pratisamaya asAdhAraNa pudgala vargaNA zarIra sauM bandha karai? yaha kSAyika lAbha huA / siddha paryAya vi kSAyika lAbha kA prasaMga kaise sambhavai ? carcA 37- samavasaraNa meM tIrthaMkara kevalI kauna se Asana se rahe ? carcA 38- mokSa viSa kiMcidUna AkAra caramadeha so kahyA...tisa kicUna kA kyA svarUpa hai ? carcA 39- saMsAra meM samudghAta binA jIva choTI-bar3I deha ke pramANa haiN| anAdikAla so karmAdhIna yUM hI calyA AyA hai, sAvaraNa dIpaka kI naaii| loka pramANa asaMkhyAta pradezI apanI avagAhanA pramANa kabhI huA nAhIM / karma ke AvaraNa rahita mokSa meM dehapramANa kyUM rhaa| loka pramANa kyUM na huaa| carcA 40- loka ke agra ISatprAgbhAranAma aSTama pRthvI sunI hai tisake madhya chatrAkAra siddhazilA hai| sau vaha kaise chatra ke AkAra hai ara usakA svarUpa kyoM kara hai ? carcA 41- rAjU kA pramANa asaMkhyAta jojana kA hai, tisake pramANa kI gAthA isa ___bhAMti sunI hai tathAhi isa gAthA meM yaha artha kaise hai ? carcA 42- aDhAI dvIpa vidhai kachuvA kI ToTIvat mokSamArga nirantara cale hai aisI kahAvata hai isakA svarUpa kyoMkara hai ?

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana carcA 43- AcArya, upAdhyAya, sAdhu ina tIna padoM meM utkRSTa pada kauna haiM ? carcA 44- mUla guNaviSai pA~ca mahAna pA~ca samiti lI to guddhi va / lInI ? carcA 45- 28 mUlaguNa meM samyaktva koI na kahyA / sAdhu ke 28 guNa viSai daza samyaktva meM koI samyaktva hor3a yaha kahyA tisakA hetu kyA ? carcA 465- sAdhu ke 84 lAkha uttara guNa sune haiM, te kauna se haiM ? 145 carcA 47 - 28 mUlaguNa meM mahAvrataviSai vastratyAga AyA ki nAhIM ? pheri vastra tyAga bhI judA kyoM kahA ? carcA AcArya upAdhyAya viSai paraspara kyA antara hai ? 48 carcA 49- rAtri ke samaya munirAja halana calanAdi kriyA tathA vacanAlApa kareM ki nAhIM / carcA 50- kAyotsarga kA kyA svarUpa haiM ? carcA 51- kAyotsarga viSai Asana kaunasA hoI ? carcA 52- varSA kAla viSai munIzvara bihAra kareM ki nAhIM ? carcA 53- muni AhAra ke nimitta caryA kisa prakAra kareM ? carcA 54- munIzvara jaba nagarAdiviSai caryA ko jAya taba pA~ca ghara sau bar3hatI na jAi jaise sunI so kyoM kara hai ? carcA 55- RSabhadeva jI ne ikSurasa kA AhAra liyA, so sacitta hai ki acitta haiM ? carcA 56 jaMghAcArI sAdhu jaMghA pai hAtha dhari kai AkAza gamana karai, aisI kahAvata hai; so kyUM kara hai ? carcA 57- kina hI munirAja ne samyaktva vama dIyA hoi taba tisa kAla yaha pUjya hoi ki nAhIM ? carcA 58- Upara apAtra kA dAna niSphala kahA jAsU kumAnuSa hoya / hama apAtra ke dAna kA phala naraka nigoda sunyA hai, so kyU~ kari hai ? carcA 59- munirAja ke caubIsa parigraha kA niSedha hai so kauna se haiM ? carcA 60- munirAja zAstrAdi upakaraNa rAkhai ki nAhI ?

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146 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : carcA 61- tIrthakara prabhu ko prathama AhAra dei so tadbhava mukta hoI ase sunI hai so kaise hai ? carcA 62- zAMtinAtha, kuMthunAtha, arahanAtha ke tIrthakara, kAmadeva tathA cakravartI tIna pada kyoM kara hue ? carcA 63- bAhubalijI bharata kI pRthvI jAni aMguSTha ke bala varSa paryanta yogArUr3ha rahe, isa hI mAnakaSAya sau kevalajJAna kA avarodha rahyA / aisI kahAvata sunI hai; so kyU~ kahai ? carcA 64- yuga ke Adi viSai prathama bAhubalijI mukta hue aisI sunI hai, so kyU~ kara hai ? carcA 65- tIrthakara prakRti ke Azrava kU darzanavizuddhi Adi solahakAraNa kahe hai, tahAM satrajI kI bhASA TIkA viSa yo likhyA hai . solahakAraNa saba mile taba tIrthakara prakRti kA Azrava hoI / eka bhI ghaTe to na hoI, so kyoM kara hai ? carcA 66- tIrthaMkara kI mAtA rajasvalA hoi ki nAhI ? carcA 67- tIrthakara prabhu kI munirAja so bheMTa hoI kI nAhI ? carcA 68- tIrthakara kI mAtA kI garbhAvatAra avasara para chappana kumArI devAMganA sevai haiM; ve kaunasI ? carcA 69. bAhubali kI pratimA pUjya hai ki nAhI ? carcA 70- pArzvanAtha jI ke tapakAla virSe dharaNendra padmAvatI Aye; mastaka ke Upara phaNa kA maNDapa kiyA / kevalajJAna samaya rahyA nAhIM / aba pratimA vidhaiM dekhiye hai; so kyoM kara sambhavai ? carcA 71- pArzvanAtha jI ke sAtaphaNa haiM tisakA hetu to jAnie hai| ara supArzvanAtha pratimA para nau phaNa hai, tisakA kyA hetu hai ? carcA 72- caubIsa tIrthakara kI pratimA ke AsanavirSe vRSabhAdika cinha, so kyA carcA 73- Upara likhA pratimA ke pUjana virSe nhavana kriyA ucita hai so iha to janma samaya kI vidhi hai / pratimAvirSe kevalajJAna kI vidhi caahie| carcA 74- pratimAvidhaiM pUjya apUjya kA vivaraNa kyoM kara hai ? carcA 74- pratimA virSe kAna kA AkAra kAMdhe sau lagA hoI, so kyA hai ?

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147 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana carcA 75- zAzvatI pratimA hai, tinakA kyA svarUpa hai ? carcA 75- gRhastha apane ghara meM pratimA pUjana kare ki nAhI ? carcA 77- devapUjana yogya puruSa kaisA cAhie ? carcA 78- pUjA ke samaya pUjaka puruSa kaunasI dizA rahe ? carcA 79- bhagavAna kA gaMdhodaka lenA yogya hai ki nAhI ? . carcA 80- Upari zeSAyUta kahe, so kyA kahAve hai ? carcA 81- pratimAjI ke abhiSeka ke samaya darzana yogya hai ki nAhI ? carcA 82- strI ko pUjA karane kA adhikAra hai ki nAhI ? carcA 83- nirmAlya kise kahiye ? carcA 84- pUjA ke samaya dIpa joI kai car3hAvana yogya hai ki nAhI ? carcA 85- kalikuMDadaNDa kI pUjA kA svarUpa kyA hai ? carcA 86- aSTanhikA parva ke avasara devatA naMdIzvara dvIpa viSa jAya haiM, te ATha dina vahA~ hI rahe haiM, kai nita jAya haiM ? carcA 87- devatA naMdIzvarAdi ke utsava vidhaiM pRthak vikriyAvAdI deha sU jAya haiM, mUla zarIra apane sthAna rahe, to kyA ceSTA kare ? carcA 88- Upara likhyA devatA pRthak vikriyA kI dehakari dezAntara virSe jAya hai| so pRthak vikriyA kyA kahAvai ? carcA 89- devatAni kI deha dhAtuvarjita hai| jina devatAni ke manuSya kaisA strI puruSa sambandhI yoga vyavahAra hai, tinake rati kA avasAna kyoM kari ho - carcA 90- ar3hAI dvIpa ke bAhira manuSyani kA bAla na jAya, aisA kahAvata sunA hai, so kyoM kara hai ? carcA 91- aDhAI dvIpa viSai 29 aMka pramANa manuSya kahai haiM paccIsa aMka mAtra kSetra virSe unatIsa aMka pramANa mAtra manuSya kyoM kara samAe ? carcA 92- paryApta-aparyApta kA kyA svarUpa hai ? carcA 93- paryApti viSa aura prANavidhaiM kyA bheda hai ? carcA 94- alabdha paryApta manuSya kahA~-kahA~ upaje haiM ?

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148 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa carcA 95- nimoda ke pA~ca golaka haiM - khaMdha, aMDara, AvAsa, pulavI, zarIra / sAta naraka ke hetu sune haiM, te kyA kara haiM ? carcA - sUkSma vAdara nigoda jIvani kI Ayu kA pramANa kyA hai ? carcA 97- Ayu ke sthiti baMdhavirSe utkarSaNa kahyA hai, so kisa prakAra hai ? carcA 98- nemicandra kRta trilokasAra virSe svarga kI Ayu kisa bhA~ti kahI hai ? carcA 99- bhujyamAna Ayu ke tribhAgavi. zeSa parabhava kI Ayu ba~dhe hai, so kaise carcA 10 ATha karma virSe Ayu karma kI sthiti kA kSaraNa sAta karmavat hai ki aura prakAra hai ? carcA 101- chaThe kAla ke anta pralaya virSe bahattara jugala kU vidyAdhara le jAyeMge, yaha bAta kyoM kara hai ? carcA 102- bajravRSabha nArAca saMhanana kA cheda-bheda hoI ki nAhI ? carcA 103- manaH paryayavAle utkRSTa DhAI dvIpavartI jIvani ke mana kI jAne kI bAhara kI bhI jAne ? carcA 104- jAti smaraNa kA kyA svarUpa hai / aura kauna se jJAna kA bheda hai ? carcA 105- jyotiSI vimAnoM ke jojana vA koSa choTe haiM vA bar3e haiM ? carcA 106- jambUdvIpa meM doya candramA, doya sUrya kahe haiN| eka sUrya kA prakAza lAkha yojana tAI sunA hai, so kyoM kara haiM ? carcA 107- AkAza sau ulkApAta hoya hai, lokavi tise tArA TUTA kahe hai, so kyA hai ? carcA 108- paramANu ko SaTkoNa kahanAvata meM kahai hai, so SaTkoNa kyA hauve? carcA 109- zanIcara ke vimAna kA varNa zyAma kahe hai| banArasIdAsa jI ne bhI nau graha ke kavitta meM zyAma hI likhyA hai, so kaisA hai ? carcA 110- sumerU parvata kI UMcAI skandha sameta lAkha yojana kI hai, tisake Upari cAlIsa yojana UMcI baiDUryamaNimayI cUlikA hai| so lAkha yojana meM garbhita hai ki judI hai ? carcA 111- sumerU parvata hajAra yojana skandha meM hai| so skandha hajAra yojana kI moTI citrA pRthvI virSe hai| vaha citrA pRthvI madhyaloka sambandhI hai ki adho loka samabandhI hai ?

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carcA 114- tIrthakara ka kA samaya hai, yavA se kahiye ? eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 149 carcA 112- chaThe guNasthAnavartI muni ke AhAraka zarIra sandeha nivAraNa nimitta nikasai hai, kai aura nimitta bhI nikasai hai ? carcA 113- munirAja ke SaTAvazyaka kI kriyA meM kahIM-kahIM phera hai| yatyAcAra meM kyoM kara hai ? carcA 114- tIrthakara ke samavasaraNa meM tIna bAra vANI khirai, soI munizvaroM ke sAmAyika kA samaya hai, ye donoM kArya eka kAla kyoM kara sambhavai? carcA 115- abhinna dazapUrvI sAdhu kauna se kahiye ? carcA 116- aSTaprakArI pUjA viSaM jalAdi kA Arambha hoii| isa Arambha kA munirAja upadeza kare ki nAhI ? carcA 117- rohiNI vrata vidhAna kA kyA svarUpa haiM ? carcA 118- catudarzI Adi tithi ghaTatI Ana par3e tahAM vrata vidhAna kaise hoI ? carcA 119- aSTAnhikA vrata kI vidhi kisa prakAra hai ? carcA 120- bAIsa abhakSya virSe launI abhakSya kyoM kahIM ? carcA 121- dvidala kA kyA svarUpa hai aura tisameM kyA doSa hai ? carcA 122- bharatacakrI va rAmacandrAdi samyagdRSTi haiM, inakai kaunasA guNasthAna kahiye? carcA 123- yAdava vaMza ke rAjA uttama jainI haiM, tahAM neminAtha jI ke vivAha maMgala kI biriyA zrI kRSNa ne pazu ekatra kyoM kiye ? carcA 124- rAjamati kauna se rAjA kI beTI hai ? carcA 125- zvetAmbarAmnAya viSai nauna ko ati sacitra mAne haiN| digambara AmnAya virSe kyoM kara hai ? carcA 126- rezama lIna hai ki alIna hai ? carcA 127- divAlI ke dina nirvANa pUjA kA samaya kaunasA ? carcA 128- jIva kA urdhvagamana svabhAva hai, so gati so gatyantara viSai kaise gamana kare hai? carcA 129- bharatacakravartI ne bahattara caityAlaya kailAsaparvata para karAye suniye hai; te kyoM kara haiM ? carcA 138- svayaMbhUramaNa vAlA maccha chaThe naraka jAi hai| isakI mauha meM taMdula maccha rahai; so sAtave jAya, yoM sunI hai, to kaise hai ?

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150 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : carcA 131- zreNika Adi bhAvI tIrthakara kauna hoige; tinake nAma kyA haiM? carcA 132- gRhastha ne jo dhana nIti tUM upajAyA hai, tisake ke bhAga karane jogya carcA 133- gRhastha ne jo dhana nIti sUM upajAyA hai, tisake ke bhAga karane jogya carcA 134- jainamata meM gRhastha kI tilaka kI vidhi kisa prakAra hai ? carcA 135- caurAsI lAkha yoni kA kyA svarUpa hai ? carcA 136- saMsArI jIvani ke eka sau sAr3he ninyANavai lAkha koDi kala kahe haiN| ara caurAsI lAkha yoni khii| tahAM yoni tathA kula viSai kyA bheda haiM ? carcA 137- saMsArI AtmA anAdi maM sAta tattvarUpa samaya-samaya nirantara pariNamaiM so kyU kara ? carcA 138- jitane jIva vyavahAra rAzi meM Avai, aisI kahAvata hai, so kyoM kara carcA 139- Adi purANa pramukha jaina purANAnivi keteka sAdharmIjana aruci kareM haiM, rAga-vardhanarUpa mAne haiM; yaha zradhAna yogya hai ki ayogya hai ? isaprakAra "carcA samAdhAna" meM likhe hue krama ke anusAra isameM 139 carcAe~ evaM unake samAdhAna haiM, jabaki vAstava meM kula carcAe~ evaM samAdhAna 1440 haiM; kyoMki carcA 74 do bAra likhI gaI hai| yadi isako kramAnusAra saMzodhita kara krama saMkhyA dI jAya to krama saMkhyA 139 ke sthAna para 140 hogii| kucha carcAoM meM avAntara carcAe~ bhI pUchI gayI haiN| jina carcAoM meM avAntara carcAe~ pUchI gayI haiM ve carcAe~ haiM - 4, 5, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 29, 37, 46, 47, 54, 59, 60, 73, 74, 83, 95, 98, 102, 105, 107, 108, 114, 118, 128, 131, 134, 135, 136, 138, 139 1 kisI-kisI carcA meM avAntara carcAe~ eka se adhika cAra-pA~ca taka haiM / kula avAntara zaMkAe~ lagabhaga 62 haiM / isaprakAra 140 mukhya carcAe~ evaM unameM pUchI avAntara carcAe~ 62, kula milAkara 202 haiN| moTe taura para carcAoM ke viSaya ke anusAra carcAe~ nimnalikhita haiM - samyagdarzana saMbaMdhI carcAe~ - carcA na. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 16, 17

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 151 sAta tattva sambandhI - 118 karaNalabdhi sambandhI - 5 munirAja sambandhI carcA 1, 13, 14, 43, sAdhu ke mUlaguNa evaM caryA sambandhI 44, 45, 46, 47, 46, 49, 52, 53, 54, 57, 59, 60, 113 tIrthakara evaM kevalI samma bhI carcA - 21. 22, 24. 35. 27, 29, 28: 30, 22. 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 65, 66, 67, 114 pratimA sambandhI carcA - 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 pUjA evaM abhiSeka sambandhI - 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 84, 116 strI dvArA pUjA sambandhI carcA - 82 nirmAlya dravya sambandhI carcA - 83 kalikuMDa sambandhI caco - 85 aSTAnhikA sambandhI carcA - 86, 87, 88 aSTAnhikA vrata carcA - 119 rohiNI vrata carcA - 117 udvelanA evaM visaMyojanA sambandhI carcA - 7 paryApti aura prANa sambandhI carcA - 92, 93 upazama zreNI sambandhI carcA - 8 alabdha paryApta jIva sambandhI carcA - 94 nigoda sambandhI carcA - 95 sUkSma bAdara sambandhI carcA - 96 antarmuhUrta sambandhI carcA - 9 AvalI sambandhI carcA - 10 asaMkhyAta guNI nirjarA carcA - 18 samudaghAt sambandhI carcA - 19, 20, 39 siddhazilA sambandhI carcA - 43 ar3hAI dvIpa sambandhI carcA - 42, 90, 91 rAjU kA pramANa sambandhI carcA - 41 kAyotsarga sambandhI carcA - 50, 51

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152 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : apAtradAna sambandhI carcA - 58 prathama AhAradAna dene sambandhI carcA - 61 tIrthakara kI mAtA sambandhI carcA - 66, 68 tIrthakara Astratva ke kAraNa sambandhI carcA - 65 pArzvanAtha evaM bAhubalI kI pratimA kI pUjyatA-apUjyatA sambandhI carcA60, 70, 71 bandha kA utkarSaNa sambandhI carcA - 97 svargoM kI Ayu sambandhI carcA - 98 bhava kA AyubaMdha sambandhI carcA - 99 ATha karma kI sthiti kA kSaraNa sambandhI carcA - 100 chaThe kAla ke bahattara jugala sambandhI carcA - 101 dAna sambandhI carcA - 13 carcAoM ke samAdhAna meM jina graMthoM ke nAma, uddharaNa, pramANa Adi prastuta kiye gaye haiM, unake nAma nimnalikhita haiM-- pUjA evaM stotra sambandhI graMtha - ekIbhAva stotra, bhaktAmarastotra, hemacandrakRta bhASA-bhaktAmara ratnatrayapUjA, vRhatsvayaMbhUstotra, pratiSThApATha, zAntipATha, nirvANakANDa, rayadhU paNDitakRta svayaMbhUstotra, padmanaMdikRta ratnatrayapATha, yazonaMdikRta pUjApATha, sUtra ke pATha kI phala stuti, vRhatpratikramaNa bhASA, sAdhuvaMdanA Adi / __ prathamAnuyoga sambandhI graMtha - AdipurANa jinasenakRta, AdipurANa puSpadaMtakRta, vRhadpadmapurANa mahApurANa, buhadharivaMzapurANa, harivaMzapurANa, zAMtinAthapurANa, Aziga paNDitakRta yazastilakanAmA campUkAvya, padmapurANa, paMcaparameSThI kI TIkA, svAmI kArtikeya, kathA, saMmatabhadra kathA, bhadrabAhu kathA, zreNika caritra, abhavyasena kA prasaMga, kuMdakuMda ke paMcanAma hetu kathA, DholasAra kathA aadi| karaNAnuyoga sambandhI graMtha - gommaTasAra (pUrvArddha evaM uttarArddha athavA jIvakANDa evaM karmakANDa) trailokyaprajJapti, trilokasAra nemicandrAcArya kRta, caubIsaThANA, karmakANDa kI TIkA, vacanakoSa aadi| caraNAnuyoga sambandhI graMtha - ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra samantabhadrakRta, cAmuNDarAyakRta cAritrasAra, mUlAcAra, AcArasAra vIranaMdikRta, indanandikRta

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 153 nItisAra, AzAvarakRta yatyAcAra, dharmAmRta sUktisaMgraha, puruSArthasiddhayupAya amRtacandrAcAryakRta, yogendradevakRta zrAvakAcAra, sAmAyika TIkA, vratakathAkoSa, dharmAkRta zrAvakAcAra, jJAnArNava, bhagavatI ArAdhanA, laghucAritrasAra, kriyAsAra sakalakIrtikRta dharmapraznottara zrAvakAcAra, AtmAnuzAsana dvAdazAnuprekSA, rAjamalla kRta zrAvakAcAra, samAdhitaMtra TIkA aadi|| dravyAnuyoga sambandhI graMtha - tatvArthasUtra, brahmavilAsa, svAmIkArti keyAnuprekSA kI TIkA, sarvArthasiddhi, jJAnaprAbhRta yA jJAnapAhuDa, kuMdakuMdadeva kRta pravacanasAra, tattvadIpikA TIkA, samayasAra nATaka, tattvArthasAra amRtacandrakRta, rayaNasAra kundakundakRta, nyAyakumudacandrodaya, rAjavArtikAlaMkAra, dravyasaMgraha, SaTpAhuDa TIkA, nidarakAra, bhAvapADa, vIrasaga samanakhAra devasenakRta bhAvasaMgraha tathA vAmadevakRta bhAvasaMgraha, padmanaMdipaccIsI, darzanasAra, paramAtmaprakAza, yogasAra tattvArthasUtra kI zrutasAgarI TIkA, tattvArthavRtti aadi| uparyukta lagabhaga 85 granthoM ko bhUdharadAsa ne vibhinna carcAoM ke samAdhAna hetu uddhRta kiyA hai| kisI eka carcA ke samAdhAna hetu bhI aneka granthoM ko pramANa hetu prastuta kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNArtha - carcA 60 - munirAja zAstrAdi upakaraNa rAkheM ki naahiiN| samAdhAna- "vasunaMdI siddhAnta cakravartIkRta mUlAcAra, vIranaMdI siddhAMtIkRta AcArasAra, cAmuNDarAyakRta cAritrasAra, zivakoTi munIzvarakRta bhagavatI ArAdhanA, laghucAritrasAra, kundakundAcAryakRta pravacanasAra, rayaNasAra, niyamasAra, bhAvapAhur3a tathA vItarAga samayasAra, devasenakRta bhAvasaMgraha tathA vAmadevakRta bhAvasaMgraha, padmanandipaccIsI, jJAnArNava, darzanasAra kriyAsAra, tattvArthasAra, paramAtmaprakAza, yogasAra, sUtra kI TIkA - sarvArthasiddhi, zrutasAgarI tattvArthavRtti, sakalakIrtikRta dharmapraznottara, zrAvakAcAra gyArahasai chayAsaTha prazna saMyukta hai, tatvArthasAra TIkA, AtmAnuzAsana, AzAdharakRta yatyAcAra, AdipurANa padmapurANa, yazastilakakAvya campUnAmA, karmakAMDa kI TIma, paMcaparameSThI kI TIkA, yazonandikRta pUjA pATha, padyanaMdikRta ralavayapATha, svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA TIkA, dvAdazAnuprekSA tathA svAmIkArtikeya kathA, samantabhadrakathA, bhadrabAhukathA zreNikacaritra, abhavyasena kA prasaMga kundakundAcArya ke paMcanAma hetu kathA, sUtra ke pATha kI phalastuti, rAjamallakRta zrAvakAcAra, DholasAgara kathA, vRhat pratikramaNa, samAdhitaMtra TIkA, vacanakoza, bhASA sAdhuvaMdanA ityAdi prAkRta saMskRta bhASA rUpa aneka jainagranthani virSe kahA so pramANa hai|" -- - -

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154 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : padya meM bhUdharadAsa apane isa graMtha kA nAma "caracA nirnaya" likhate haiN|' jabaki gadya meM ve ise "carcA samAdhAna" likhate haiN| vastutaH isakI prasiddhi "carcA-samAdhAna" nAma se hI hai| sabhI carcAoM ke samAdhAna ke bAda ve guNagrAhI sajjanoM se puna: nivedana karate haiM - ihA eka guNagrAhI sajjana taiM merI aradAsa hai| prathama ArambhaviauM bhI karI hai| aba pheri karU~ huuN| yaha caracA samAdhAna nAma grantha mAna bar3hAI ke Azaya saM athavA apanI prasiddhi bar3hAvane * tathA vacana ke pakSa sauM nAhIM likhA hai yathAvat zraddhAna ke nimitta zAstra kI sAkha so likhA hai| jo carcA mana meM A te mAnanI, nAhIM Avai tahAM madhyastha hoI mujhapai kSamAbhAva krne| zAstra virodhI vacana kA phala mujhe hoigA, tumheM apanI sajjanatA kI maryAdA na chor3anI / Agai bar3oM ne dveSI aparAdhI jIvoM ko bhI AzIrvAda dInA hai| tathAhi gAthA - dujjaga suhI ya hoU aMge suyA payAsi jenn| amiyavisaMhavA sarita mahI mImaraNa ucceNa / ' Age jainazAstroM kA upakAra evaM zAstrAbhyAsa kI mahimA batalAte hue kahate haiM - "isa paMcamakAla meM jaina ke zAstra bar3e upakArI haiN| yAvat kAla inakA avagAhana rahai tAvat jJAna kA prakAza hoya / indriyoM kA avarodha hoya / jaisa sUrya ke udaya udyota hoya ara ghu ghU nAma jIva aMdha ho jAya hai| tisateM zAMta bhAvasoM nirantara zAstrAbhyAsa karanA sarvathA jogya hai / eka aThAraha akSaramAyeM prabodhasAra nAma grantha hai| tahAM yU kahyA hai - zrutabodha pradIpena zAsanaM vartate adhunaa| binA zruta pradIpena sarva vizvaM tamomayaM // samasta zAstroM kA sAra batalAte hue bhUdharadAsa likhate haiM ki - "jitane jaina ke zAstra haiM, tina sabakA sAra itanA hI hai - vyavahAra kari paMcaparameSThI kI 1, (ka) jainasUtra kI sAkhasau,svapara hetu ura Ana / caracA nirnaya likhata hai, kIjo puruSa pradhAna || --carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 4 (kha) jinamata mahala manoga ati, kaliyuga chAdita paMtha / tAki mola pichAniyoM, carcA nirnaya grantha / / --- carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 4 (ga) carcA nirnaya ko par3hata, bahuta proti miTi jaaii| haThayAhI haTha para rahai, so ilAja kahuM nAI || - carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 4 2. (ka) iha carcA samAdhAna grantha virSe. carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 4 (kha) carcA samAdhAna pRSTha 4 3. carcA samAdhAna, gharadAsa kalakattA pRSTha 121 4. vahI pRSTha 122

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 155 bhakti, nizcaya kari abheda ratnatrayamayI nijAtmA kI bhAvanA - e hI zaraNa hai| taduktaM gAthA - dasaMNaNANacaritaM, saraNaM seveha paramasiddhANaM / aNNaM kiMpi na saraNaM saMsAre saMsAMtANaM / / anyacca - aigo me sAsado appA, nnaanndNsnnlkkhnno| mesA me bAhirA bhAvA, salo saMjogalakkhaNA // "isa prAkRta kA artha vicAra kai viSaya kaSAya sauM vimukha hoI zuddha caitanya svarUpa kI nirantara bhAvanA karanI / yahI mokSa kA mArga hai|" antima prazasti ke rUpa meM bhUdharadAsa kahate haiM - bhUdhara vinavai vinaya kari, suniyo sajjana log| guNa ke prAhaka hUjiye, iha vinatI tuma jog| guNagrAhI zizu thana lagai, rudhira chor3i paya let| iha bAlaka soM sIkhiye, jo zira Aye set|| dhik durajana kI bAra ko, guNa taji oguNa leii| gajapastaka maNi chAMDi ke vAyasa abhakha bhkhedd'| durajana oguNa hI gahai, guNa kU dei bhaay| jyoM morI ke jAla meM, ghAsa phUsa rahi jAya // ' dveSa bhAva ko duHkha kA kAraNa tathA maitrIbhAva ko sukha kA kAraNa prarUpita karate hue kahate haiM - dveSabhAva sama jagata meM, dukhakAraNa nahiM koy| maitrI bhAva samAna sukha, aura na dIsai loya / / maitrI bhAva pIyUSa rasa, bairabhAva viSapAna / amRta hoya viSa khAiye, kisa guru kA yaha jJAna / / mAna ko chor3ane kA upadeza dete hue vartamAna sthiti ke sandarbha apane grantha kI upayogitA tathA jainadharma kI mahattA batalAte hue graMtha kA avasAna kiyA gayA hai - / , barcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA pRSTha 122 2. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA pRSTha 122-123 3. carcA samAdhAna, bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA pRSTha 123

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156 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kahA mAnagiri car3hi rahe, utaro bali jaauuN| carcA nirNaya antha yaha bheMTa tumhAre nAU~ / rAti divasa cintana kiyo, vividha grantha ko bhev| dekhi dIna kA zrama adhika, dayA dakSiNA deva / / jinamata mahala manoga ati, kaliyuga chAdita paMtha / tAki mola pichAniyo, carcA nirNaya grantha // carcA nirNaya ko par3hata, bahuta bhrAMti miTi jaai| haThanAhI haTha para rahaiM, so ilAja kahUM nAi / / divasa divAkara Ugavai sabahI ko zrama aay| adhika aMdhero ghUdhUkaiM, tAko kauna upAya / / sarvakathana ko maJcana iha jinamata marma pichaan| jaina dharama jaga kalpataru sevo saMta sujAna / / sevA zrI jinadharma kI, karai sakala zubha zreya / paya kI dAtA gAya j, dohaNa hAra kU deya / / jaina dharma durlabha jaga mAhi vina sevai zivadAyaka nAhi / samajhi soca ura dekho bhale, koThe ghare dhANa nahi phalai // anta meM avasAna maMgala bhI diyA gayA hai - devarAja pUjita caraNa, asaraNa zaraNa udaar| cahU saMgha maMgalakaraNa, priyakAriNI kumAra / / isa prakAra "carcA samAdhAna" grantha jaina dharma evaM darzana kI kaI mahattvapUrNa carcAoM ke samAdhAnoM ko apane meM samAhita kie hue hai| : padya sAhitya : pArzvapurANa mahAkAvya :- pArzvapurANa jaisA ki isake nAma se spaSTa hai. isameM teIsaveM tIrthakara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke caritra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / pArzvanAtha ke caritra kI kathA bar3I hI rocaka evaM upadezAtmaka hai| vaira kI paramparA prANiyoM meM janma janmAntaroM taka kisaprakAra calatI hai, yaha isameM acchI taraha se batalAyA gayA hai|

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:57 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana pArzvanAtha tIrthaMkara hone ke nau bhava pUrva podanapura nagara ke rAjA aravinda ke mantrI vizvabhUti ke putra the / usa samaya unakA nAma marubhUti tathA inake bar3e bhAI kA nAma kamaTha thaa| vizvabhUti ke dIkSA lene para jaba marubhUti rAjA kA mantrI bana gayA aura rAjA aravinda ke dvArA rAjA bajrakIrti para car3hAI kiye jAne para yuddha kSetra meM sAtha gayA taba kamaTha ne nagara meM upadrava macAyA tathA choTe bhAI marubhUti kI patnI ke sAtha durAcAra kiyaa| jaba rAjA zatru ko parAsta kara nagara meM AyA taba kamaTha ke kukRtya kI bAteM sunakara use bar3A duHkha huaa| usane kamaTha kA mu~ha kAlA karake gadhe para baiThAkara sAre nagara meM ghumAyA aura nagara kI sImA ke bAhara kara diyaa| AtmapratAr3anA se pIr3ita kamaTha bhUtAcala parvata para jAkara tapasviyoM ke sAtha rahane lgaa| kamaTha ke isa samAcAra ko prApta kara marubhUti bhUtAcala parvata para gayA aura kamaTha se kSamA mA~gI parantu kamaTha ne krodha meM Akara hAtha meM lI huI patthara kI zilA marubhUti ke Upara paTaka kara usakI hatyA kara dii| isake bAda kavi ne marubhUti aura kamaTha ke ATha janmoM kI kathA aMkita kI hai, jisameM pratyeka janma meM kamaTha kA jIva vaira dvArA marubhUti ke jIva se pratikAra letA rahA ! marubhUti ke ATha bhava kramaza: bajraghoSa hAthI, bArahaveM svarga meM zaziprabhadeva, agnideva putra, solahaveM svarga meM deva, bajranAbhi cakravatI. madhyama praiveyaka meM ahamindra, Ananda rAjA, Anata svarga meM indra batalAye haiN| kamaTha ke janma kramaza: kAlA sarpa, pA~caveM naraka kA nArakI, ajagara, chaThaveM naraka kA nArakI, kuraMga bhIla, pA~caveM naraka kA nArakI, siMha, pA~caveM naraka kA nArakI nirUpita kiye haiN| nauveM janma meM marubhUti kA jIva kAzI ke rAjA vizvasena ke yahA~ pArzvanAtha ke rUpa meM janma letA hai tathA kamaTha kA jIva naraka se nikalakara kucha anya janma dhAraNa kara bAda meM pArzvanAtha kA nAnA banatA hai / pArzvanAtha Ajanma brahmacArI rahakara AtmasAdhanA karate rhe| pArzvanAtha kA nAnA kutapa karake "saMvara" nAma kA jyotiSI deva bana jAtA hai aura pArzvanAtha kI sAdhanA meM vighna karatA hai| pArzvanAtha apanI sAdhanA se vicalita nahIM hote haiM aura pUrNa vItarAgI evaM pUrNa jJAnI bana jAte haiN| tIrthaMkara banakara ve prANiyoM ko dharmopadeza dete haiM aura anta meM sau varSa kI Ayu pUrNakara sammedazikhara parvata se nirvANa prApta karate haiN|

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158 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kavi ne pArzvanAtha ke caritra ko citrita karane ke sAtha-sAtha vividha prasaMgoM ke mAdhyama se jainadarzana ke siddhAMtoM ko yatra-tatra isaprakAra gUMtha diyA hai ki ve pRthak pratIta na hokara kathAnaka kA aMza hI pratIta hote haiM / garbha, janma, dIkSA, jJAna evaM nirvANa kalyANakoM ke prasaMgoM dvArA kavi ne sacce deva, zAstra, guru, dharma kA svarUpa, jinakathA zravaNa kI mahattA, samyagdarzana kA mahatva, bAraha bhAvanA, bAraha tapa, dasa dharma, bAbIsa parISaha, pA~ca samiti, solahakAraNa bhAvanAe~ cakravartI kI sampatti, zrAvaka ke bAraha vrata evaM gyAraha pratimAe~ sAgara kA pramANa, ATha prakAra ke rAjAoM kA varNana, jinabimba pUjA kI mahattA, tIna loka kI racanA evaM usakA pramANa Adi, svarga ke sukha tathA naraka ke duHkha kA vizeSa varNana, mAtA ke solaha svapna evaM unakA phala, chappana kumAriyoM dvArA mAtA se vividha praznottara, janma ke dasa atizaya janmAbhiSeka kA vizeSa varNana, dIkSA ke prasaMga meM samyagdarzana pUrvaka cAritra grahaNa kI mahattA, aTTAIsa mUlaguNa, huMDApasarpiNI kAla kI kucha viparIta bAtoM kA varNana, kevalajJAna ke dasa atizaya, samavazaraNa kI racanA kA varNana, caudaha devakRta atizaya heya, jJeya, upAdeya-pUrvaka chaha dravya, sAta tattva, nau padArtha, pA~ca astikAya Adi kA vizeSa varNana kiyA hai| isake atirikta acche bure pariNAmoM kA phala batalAne hetu naraka, manuSya, tiryaMca deva, bahare, gUMge, laMgar3e, aMdhe, dhanI, daridrI, puruSa, svI, napuMsaka, dIrgha Ayu, alpa Ayu, paMDita, mUrkha, rogI, nirogI, putra prApti, putra kA abhAva yA viyoga, U~ca, nIca, indra, ahamindra, cakravartI, tIrthakara Adi kisaprakAra ke bhAvoM se hote haiM; yaha batalAkara bure bhAvoM ko tyAgane evaM acche bhAvoM ko grahaNa karane kA upadeza diyA hai| isaprakAra kavi ne pArzvanAtha ke caritra varNana ke mAdhyama se jainadarzana ke siddhAntoM kA paricaya bhI karA diyA hai, jo unakA eka uddezya thaa| adhika prasiddhi ke kAraNa "pArzvapurANa" kI prakAzita aura hastalikhita kaI pratiyA~ milatI hai, jinameM jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattA tathA vIrapresa jayapura Adi dvArA prakAzita pratiyA~ sahaja upalabdha haiN| ___ kavi ne pArzvapurANa kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1789 meM kI / grantha samApti kA ullekha kavi ne nimnalikhita zabdoM meM kiyA hai--

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 159 saMvat sataraha sau samaya, aura navAsI liiy| sudi ASAr3ha tithi paMcamI, prantha samAphta kIna / ' isa kAvya ke sRjana meM kavi ko pA~ca varSa lage, jaisA ki kavi ke nimnAMkita kathana se prakaTa hotA hai -- pA~ca barasa kachu sarasa se, lAge karata na bair| budhi thorI thiratA alae yAte lagI abaira / / / jaina zataka(muktaka kAvya):- yaha 100 se adhika padyoM kA stuti, nIti evaM vairAgya ko pradarzita karane vAlA muktaka kAvya hai / saMkhyAparaka kRtiyoM meM usameM Ane vAlI nizcita saMkhyA se kucha adhika saMkhyA meM padyoM ko racane kA pracalana rahA hai| jaise - bihArI satasaI Adi / kavi bhUdharadAsa ne bhI jaina zataka meM 100 se adhika padya rane haiN| jaina pAhama kI aI dina pariyA~ dekhane meM AI haiM, usameM jainagrantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaI, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattA, vIra sevA mandira dillI, digambara jaina pustakAlaya sUrata, digambara jaina mumukSu maNDala alavara, akhila bhAratIya jaina yuvA phaiDarezana bhiNDa dvArA prakAzita jaina zataka meM kramaza: 107,106,100,106,100,107 padya haiM / kucha hastalikhita pratiyoM meM bhI padyasaMkhyA 107 hI hai / paM. nemicandra zAstrI 'sva bAbU zikharacandra jaina' evaM DaoN. kAmatAprasAra jaina ne bhI isakI pada saMkhyA 17 hI svIkAra kI hai| ata: kavikRta "jainazataka" kI padasaMkhyA 107 hI mAnanA caahie| ___107 padoM vAlI yaha kRti stuti, nIti evaM vairAgyaparaka hai| pratyeka pada pRthak-pRthak viSaya ko lie hue haiN| isataraha pratyeka chanda svayaM meM svataMtra evaM pUrNa hai tathA use kisI dUsare pUrvApara chanda kI apekSA nahIM hai| 1, gAvapurANa antima prazasti 2. pArzvapurANa antima prazasti 3. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga 4 - DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI pRSTha 275 4. kavivara pUdharadAsa aura jaina zataka - bAbU zikharacanda jaina pRSTha 8 prakAzaka - zrI vIra sArvajanika vAcanAlaya, indaura 5. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa - bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina pRSTha 174

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160 mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : zataka kI paramparA ke anusAra zataka kAvya meM eka hI viSaya para eka hI jAti ke 100 yA usase adhika chanda honA caahie| parantu bhUdharadAsa ke jaina zataka meM aisA nahIM hai ata: use zataka kAvya na mAnakara praghaTTaka kAvya mAnanA cAhie / phira bhI kavi ke viSaya evaM varNana ke anusAra "jaina zataka" zataka paramparA kI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai; kyoMki usameM jaina dharma aura usase saMbaMdhita stuti, nIti, upadeza evaM vairAgya Adi kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| isameM die gae chanda ke anusAra viSaya kA paricaya nimnAnusAra hai-- prathama chanda meM AdinAtha stuti phira kramaza: candraprabhu, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, siddha, sAdhu aura jinavANI kI stuti kI gaI hai / isaprakAra 15 chanda maMgalAcaraNa ke rUpa meM likhe gaye pratIta hote haiN| 16 veM chanda meM jinavANI aura mithyAvANI meM antara batalAyA gayA hai / 17 veM chanda se 42 veM chanda taka kramaza: vairAgyakAmanA, rAga aura vairAgya dazA meM antara, bhoga kI cAha kA niSedha, deha kA svarUpa, saMsAra kA svarUpa, samaya kI bahumUlyatA, viSaya-sukha kI tucchatA, hitopadeza kI zikSA, bur3hApA evaM roga Ane ke pahale Atmahita karane kI preraNA, sau varSa kI Ayu kA lekhAjokhA, bAla yuvA-vRddhAvasthA vyatIta karane kA svarUpa, manuSyadeha kI durlabhatA, yuvAvasthA meM dharma karane kI salAha, bur3hApe kA varNana, saMsArI jIva kA dhanaprApti viSayaka cintana, abhimAna kA niSedha, saMyoga ke viyoga hone para bhI virakta na honA, jinavacana kI vizeSatA tathA sAMsArika kuzalatA kA varNana kiyA hai / 43 chandra meM yauvana samaya ko viSaya sevana meM na khokara jJAna prApta karane meM lagAne kI preraNA dI hai| 44 se 46 veM chanda taka sacce deva, guru, dharma aura zAstra ke lakSaNa batAkara unhIM meM prIti karane kI preraNA dI hai| 47 veM chanda meM pazu bali kA niSedha, 48veM evaM 49 veM chanda meM sAta vAra (saptAha ke dina ) ke mAdhyama se SaTkarma (zrAvaka ke SaTAvazyaka) karane kA evaM sapta vyasana ko chor3ane kA upadeza diyA hai| 50 se 63 veM chanda taka sapta vyasana kA vizeSa varNana karake unakA phala batAte hue unheM tyAgane kI salAha dI hai / 64 se 66 veM padya meM zrRMgAra 1. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 1, pRSTha 651, dvitIya saMskaraNa , kAzI 2. eka kavikRta zloka samUha yA muktaka samuccaya (koza) kA nAma praghaTTaka hai hindI sAhitya koza, bhAga 1, pRSTha 275

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 161 rasa kI racanA karane vAle kaviyoM kI nindA kI hai| 67 veM padya meM manarUpI hAthI ko vaza meM karane tathA 68 veM padya meM zrIguru ke upakAra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| zeSa padmoM meM kramaza: kaSAya jItane kA upAya, miSTavacana, vipatti meM dhairya-dhAraNopadeza, honahAra durnivAra, kAla kI sAmarthya, dhana ke sambandha meM nizcita rahane kA upadeza, AzArUpI nadI, mahAmUr3hatA, duSTa ke prati kathana, candraprabhu, zAntinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha tathA rAjA yazodhara ke pUrva bhava, subuddhi sakhI ke prati vacana, gujarAtI bhASA meM Atmahita kI zikSA, dravyaliMgI muni ko mokSa prApti kA niSedha, AtmAnubhava kI prazaMsA, bhagavAna se prArthanA, jinadharma kI prazaMsA, kavi kA paricaya tathA graMtha samApti ke samaya kA ullekha Adi aneka viSayoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| paM. zrI nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra yaha eka subhASita saMgraha hai| zrI kAmatAprasAda jaina ne ise nIti viSayaka anUThI kRti batalAyA hai| isakI racanA kavi ne gulAbacanda tathA harisiMha zAha ke vaMzaja dharmAnurAgI puruSoM ke kahane se kI hai| kavi ne una logoM kI preraNA se apane Alasya kA anta mAnate hae unakA AbhAra mAnA hai|' jaina zataka kA racanAkAla vi.saM. 1781 hai / kavi ne svayaM jaina zataka ke samApta hone ke samaya kA ullekha nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM kiyA hai - sataraha se ikyAsiyA poha pAkhatama liin| tithi terasa ravivAra ko, "zataka" samApata kIna / padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa (muktaka kAvya) :- prAya: bhUdharadAsa ke pada yatra tatra bikhare huye haiN| vibhinna dhArmika vyaktiyoM evaM saMsthAoM dvArA vibhinna pada vibhinna nAmoM se saMgrahIta kara prakAzita kara diye gaye haiN| isI kar3I meM eka *padasaMgraha" bahuta hI pahale prakAzita ho cukA hai| isameM 80 pada tathA vinatiyA~ Adi hai| inakA viSaya jinadeva, jinavANI, jinaguru, jinadharma 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, jaina hitaiSI bhAga 13 aMka 1 - paM. nAthUrAma premI 2. hindI sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa - bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina - pRSTha 104 3. jaina zataka - bhUgharadAsa, padya 106 4. jaina zataka - bhUdharadAsa, padya 107 5. jaina pada saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga- bhUdharadAsa, prakAzaka jaina grantha ratnAkara, bambaI vi.saM. 1983

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162 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : Adi kI bhakti se sambandhita hai| aneka pada AdhyAtmika bhAvoM ke bhI yotaka haiN| eka pada saMgraha jayapura ke paM. lUNakaraNajI ke mandira meM guTakA naM. 129 tathA veSTana naM. 333 meM nibaddha hai| jaina grantha ratnAkara bambaI dvArA prakAzita "jaina pada saMgraha" meM jo 80 pada haiM, unameM se 53 pada jyoM ke tyoM "bhUdharavilAsa" nAma se jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattA dvArA prakAzita kiye gaye haiN| ata: "padasaMgraha" aura "bhUdharavilAsa" ye donoM pRthak-pRthak racanAe~ nahIM haiM apitu padoM kA saMgraha hone se eka hI racanA hai| prakAzakoM ne kavi ke vibhinna pada hI una do nAmoM se prakAzita kara diye haiM, jinheM vidvAnoM ne do pRthak-pRthak racanAe~ mAna lI haiN| vastuta: ye hone vanAe~ bhUdhapatAla ke gvAnna padoM kA saMha hI haiN| pharka yaha hai ki "bhUdharavilAsa" meM 53 pada saMgrahIta haiM, jabaki "jaina pada saMgraha" meM unameM hI 27 pada aura jor3akara yA pada saMgrahIta haiN| isa taraha "bhUdharavilAsa aura "padasaMgraha" ina donoM ko eka hI racanA mAnakara kavi ke padoM kA saMgraha samajhanA caahie| vibhinna vidvAnoM ne bhUdharadAsa ke padoM kI saMkhyA pRthak pRthak mAnI hai| paM. jJAnacanda vidizA,' DaoN. brajendrapAlasiMha cauhAna, ' tathA DaoN kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ne kavi ke kramaza: 68,77 aura 68 pada mAne haiN| jabaki kavi ke 8) padoM kA saMgraha vi.saM. 1983 meM hI jaina grantha ratnAkara bambaI dvArA "jaina pada saMgraha" tRtIya bhAga ke nAma se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isa pada saMgraha meM prakAzita 80 padoM ke atirikta anya bahuta se pada bhI yatra tatra saMgrahoM meM upalabdha hue haiM, jinakA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra haiM 1. gAphila huA kahA~ tU Dolai dina jAte tere bharatI meN|' 2. lIjai khabAra hamArI dyaanidhi| 1. adhyAtma pajana gaMgA - saMkalana kartA paM. jJAnacanda jaina pRSTha 72 2. kavivara mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : vyaktitva aura kartRtva - zrI rAjendrapAlasiMha cauhAna 3. hindI pada saMgraha - saM. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, pRSTha 143 4. vahI pRSTha 151 5. jaina bhajana saMmaha bhAga 1, grantha saM 1864, RSabhadeva sarasvatI sadana, udayapura

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 163 3. aba pUrI nIdar3I suna joyA re, cirakAla tU soyaa| 4. tuma jinavara kA guNa gAvo, yaha ausara phera na paavo|' 6, sAmAyika pUlA nahiM kInI, raina rahI saba chAya re|' 6. Darate rahai yaha jiMdagI, barabAda na ho jaay|' 7. aho doU raMga bhare khelata horI, alakha amUrati kI jorii| 8. pAnI meM mIna pyAsI re, mohe raha-raha Avai hAsI re|' 9. holI khelUMgI ghara Aye ciNdaannd|' / uparyukta pahalI paMkti vAle 9 pada vibhinna saMgrahoM meM prakAzita ho cuke haiN| isa taraha pada saMgraha meM prakAzita 80 pada aura vibhinna saMgrahoM meM prakAzita uparyukta 9 pada milAkara kula 89 prakAzita pada prApta hue haiN| jo pada prakAzita na hokara vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM meM hastalikhita guTakoM meM aprakAzita rUpa meM upalabdha hue haiM, unakA vivaraNa nimnAlikhita hai 1. mauhayau moha yaurI pAsa jiNaMda mukha bhttkai|' 2. aba pUrI kari nIdar3I suni jiya DecI soyaa|' dekhane ko AI lAla maiM to dekhane ko aaii|" 4. sakhI rI cali jinavara ko mukha dekhiye|" saMbhala-saMbhala re jIva sataguru ke sabada suhAvane jii|" jJAna dhanAyana aayaurii| 1. karma bar3aujI balavAna jagata meM pIr3ita hai|" 1 se 4 adhyAtma pada saMgraha - se na.parasarAma indaura, pRSTha 72 se 82 5. se 7. adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA - saMkalanakartA paM. jJAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 72 8. rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, zAkhA bIkAnera ke khajAMcI saMgraha ke __antargata guTakA sai.6794 meM saMgrahIta 9. se 12. rAjasthAnI prAcya vidhA pratiSThAna,zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM.6766 meM saMgrahIta 13. Amera zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura, guTakA saM.6766 meM saMgrahIta 14. RSabhadeva, sarasvati sadana, udayapura ke guTakA saM. 720 meM saMgrahIta

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164 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : uparyukta pahalI paMkti vAle aprakAzita 7 pada vibhinna guTakoM meM upalabdha huye haiN| isa taraha 89 prakAzita pada aura 7 aprakAzita pada kula milAkara 96 pada kavi dvArA praNIta hue haiN| ina 96 padoM ke atirikta anya padoM ko bhI deza ke vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM ko dekhakara khojane kI sambhAvanA se inkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki khoja kI sambhAvanAe~ ananta haiM aura khojane kA prayatna sImita narantu phira bhI abhI taka kI gaI khoja, madi, Alor3ana aura nirdhAraNa ke AdhAra para bhUdharadAsa ke pada 96 hI samajhanA cAhie / ina padoM ko viSaya-vastu kI dRSTi se aneka rUpoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA. sakatA hai jaise - stutiparaka yA bhaktiparaka nItiparaka adhyAtmaparaka, upadezaparaka ityAdi / parantu isa vibhAjana meM koI spaSTa aura nizcita rekhA khIMcanA kaThina hai, phira bhI "bhUdharavilAsa" ke padoM kA viSayaparaka vibhAjana nimnalikhita hai bhaktiparaka :- deva, zAstra, guru evaM dharma ke prati kavi ne jo bhakti-bhAva pradarzita kiyA hai vaha ina padoM meM abhivyaMjita huA hai| kavi ne jinendra prabhu kI bhakti to sAmAnya rUpa se kI hI hai, parantu tIrthaMkaroM kI bhI vizeSa bhakti kI hai / bhaktiparaka padoM kA vivaraNa isa prakAra hai1. sAmAnya jinendra prabhu kI bhakti meM likhita kula pada 15 - pada kramAMka 15, 16, 17, 22, 25, 33, 35, 39, 40, 43, 48, 51, 52 53 evaM 59 2. RSabhadeva tIrthaMkara kI bhakti meM likhita kula pada 2 . pada kramAMka 23, 24 3. ajitanAtha tIrthakara kI bhakti meM likhita kula pada 1. pada kramAMka 3 4. zAMtinAtha tIrthakara kI bhakti meM likhita kula pada 1 - pada kramAMka 34 5. neminAtha tIrthaMkara kI bhakti meM likhita kula pada 4 - pada kramAMka 5,19,26,42 6. sImandhara tIrthakara kI bhakti meM likhita kula pada 2 - pada kramAMka 2, 3 7. kulakara nAbhirAya kI bhakti meM likhita kula pada 1 - pada kramAMka 1 8. arhanta, siddha, sAdhu, dharma kI bhakti meM likhita kula pada 1 . pada kramAMka 38 9. guru kI bhakti meM likhita kula pada 3 . pada kramAMka 6, 7, 12

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana pUrA vipralambhazrRMgAraparaka :- kavi ne neminAtha aura rAjula ke praNaya ke hone para bhI rAjula dvArA neminAtha ke prati jo anurAga pradarzita kiyA tathA unake viyoga meM jo pIr3A bhogI usakI abhivyakti ina padoM dvArA huI hai| ye pada saMkhyA meM 4 haiM, inakA pada kramAMka 13, 14, 20 aura 45 hai| nemi -rAjula ke prasaMga ko lekara race gaye ina padoM meM maryAdA kA ullaMghana tathA vAsanA kI gaMdha raMca mAtra dRSTigata nahIM hotI hai| ajJAna samyagjJAna ahiMsA dharmAcaraNa - adhyAtmaparaka evaM :- janapadoM meM eka ora Atmahita ke lie prerita kiyA gayA hai tathA dUsarI ora pApa, bhoga, mAyA, saMsAra, Adi se haTane kI preraNA dI gaI hai, ve pada adhyAtma evaM nItiparaka haiN| ina padoM kI bhASA evaM bhAva sarala, sarasa evaM bodhagamya hai| inakA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai-- viSaya kula pada pada kramAMka pApa evaM bhoga niSedha 4 mAyA sAMsArika viSamatA samaya kA mUlya deha kI asthiratA indriyAsakti meM virakti satya evaM dharma pAkhaMDa se satarkatA pavitratA 2 1 3 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 4, 21, 32, 46 8, 44 9 10, 27, 30 11 41 . 47 18 28 29 37 165 50 31 1 isa taraha bhUdharadAsa kI padyAtmaka tIna racanAe~ pArzvapurANa, jaina zataka, evaM padasaMgraha ati prasiddha haiN| inake alAvA aneka phuTakara racanAe~ nimnalikhita haiM jo muktaka kAvya ke antargata AtI haiM.

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166 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : vibhinna phuTakara racanAe~ (muktaka kAvya ) 1. vinatiyA~ - bhUdharadAsa ne aneka vinatiyA~ likhI haiM inameM se kucha vinatiyA~ pada saMgraha meM saMgrahIta haiM aura kucha pRthak-pRthak prakAzita huI haiN| vinatI ke anunaya, vinaya, namratA Adi aneka artha haiN| isameM zraddheya ke prati viziSTa sammAna pradarzita karate hue apane aparAdhoM kI kSamA mA~gI jAtI hai aura ArAdhya ke prati namratA bhI pragaTa kI jAtI hai| yaha mUlata: kavi kI bhAvAbhivyakti hotI hai| kavi bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita prakAzita aura aprakAzita vinatiyA~ 12 haiM, jinakA paricaya isaprakAra hai 1. aho jagata guru deva ityaadi| 2. tribhuvana guru svAmIjI ityaadi|' 3. AvojI bhAvo saba milI jina caityAlaya cAlAjI ityaadi| 4. aho vanavAsI pIyA ityaadi| 5. te guru mere ura vaso ityaadi| 6. vaMdoM digambara guru caraNa ityaadi|' 7. vA saMsAra sAra bica ityaadi| 8. are jIva Atama jJAna vicAra ityaadi|" 9. vinatI nemIzvara kI ityaadi|" 10. pulakata nayana cakora pakSI, haMsata ura nandIvaro ityaadi|" 11. pArasa prabhu ko nAUM sAra sudhArasa jagata meM ityaadi|| 12. je jagapUja paramaguru nAmI, patita udhArana aNtrjaamii|" 1. hindI vizvakoza pAga 21 saM. nagendranAtha vasu, pRSTha 416 kalakattA 1930 2. vRhad jinavANI saMmaha- saM paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla,16 vAM saMskaraNa kizanagar3ha pRSTha 530 3. vRhad jinavANI saMgraha- saM paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla,16 vA~ saMskaraNa kizanagar3ha pRSTha 530 4. Amera zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura guTakA naM. 122 pRSTha 7 5. vahI guTakA naM. 107 patra 13-14 6. zAstra bhaNDAra, nayA mandira, dillI 7. vahI 8. vahIM 9. aSabhadeva sarasvatI sadana, udayapura 10. rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM.6766 11. se 13. jaina pada saMgraha, bhUdharadAsa, tRtIya bhAga, prakAzaka jaina mantha ratnAkara, bambaI

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 167 uparyukta zabdoM se prArambha hone vAlI vinatiyoM meM bhagavAna ke prati bhakta kI sAtizaya bhaktibhAvanA kA ullekha huA hai / ye vinatiyA~ Aja bhI bhakta kaNThoM se guMjAyamAna hotI haiN| 2. stotra:- kisI devatA kA chandobaddha svarUpakathana yA guNakIrtana athavA stavana stotra kahalAtA hai / ' bhUdharadAsa ne pArzvanAtha stotra, ekIbhAva stotra aura darzana stotra ye tIna stotra likhe haiM / ( ka ) pArzvanAtha stotra :- pArzvanAtha stotra kavi kI mahatvapUrNa racanA hai| isameM 23 veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI stuti kI gaI haiN| yaha stotra 3 dohoM aura 29 caupAiyoM meM pUrNa huA hai| yaha sarala hindI meM racA gayA hai| isameM bhASA kI saMskRtaniSThatA nahIM hai| DaoN. premasAgara jaina ke anusAra isameM stotra evaM stuti kA milA-julA rUpa milatA hai / kavi ne isakI racanA karake stotra kI navya aura vikasita paramparA meM mahatvapUrNa yoga diyA hai| 2 (kha) ekIbhAva stotra :- yaha vAdirAja munirAja dvArA racita ekIbhAva stotra kA dezabhASA meM anuvAda hai / yaha anuvAda vAdirAja kI saMskRta bhASA aura bhAva ke anusAra hI huA hai / isa racanA meM 2 dohe aura 26 rolA chanda | antima rolA chanda jisameM bhUdharadAsa dvArA muni vAdirAja kI stuti kI gaI hai, vaha vAdirAjapraNIta mUla stotra meM nahIM hai| yaha stotra prakAzita aura hastalikhita donoM rUpoM meM upalabdha hai| isameM tIrthaMkara kI vandanA kI gaI hai| kavi bhagavAna ko jyoti svarUpa mAnakara use apane ajJAnAndhakAra kA dUra karane vAlA mAnatA haiM - tuma jina jyoti svarUpa durita aMdhiyAra nivArI | so gaNeza guru kahaiM tatva vidyA dhana dhArI // mere cita ghara mAhiM vaso tejo maya yAvata / pApa timira avakAza tahAM so kyoMkara pAvata // 1. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 1, dhIrendra varmA, pRSTha 945, dvitIya saMskaraNa, kAzI 2. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya evaM kavi, DaoN. premasAgara jaina, pRSTha 345 3. ekIbhAva stotra bhASA, bhUdharadAsa, rolA saM. 1

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168 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : (ga) darzana stotra :- jinendra bhagavAna ke darzana kI mahattA ko sUcita karane vAlA yaha stotra, stotra paramparA kI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai / ise kavi ne padmanaMdi ke stotra ke anuvAda kI taraha prastuta kiyA hai| isameM dohA aura caupAI milAkara kula 4 chanda haiM / bhakta bhagavAna ke darzana karake apane ko dhanya aura kRtakRtya anubhava karatA hai aura apane prabhu ko sarvazreSTha mAnatA hai - yaha bhAva isameM samAyA huA hai| 3.AratiyA~ :- kavi bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita "paMcameru kI AratI" "saMdhyA samai kI AratI" evaM "nAbhinanda kI AratI" - ye tIna AratiyA~ vibhinna zAstra bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha huI haiN| inameM "nAbhinanda kI AratI" padasaMgraha ke pada 68 ke rUpa meM bhI prakAzita ho gaI hai| ye AratiyA~ eka taraha se bhaktyAtmaka gIta hI haiM / gIta paddhati meM racI huI AratI kA vyavahAra kIrtana kI taraha hotA hai / sAkAra upAsanA ke kAraNa AratI kAvya ati lokapriya huA hai| 4.aSTaka sAlaya :. Ara sloko mAlA loka yA kALa ahata kahalAtA hai / yaha saMkhyAzrita muktaka kAvya kI zreNI meM AtA hai / sAkAra upAsanA meM aSTakoM kA ati lokapriya sthAna rahA hai / bhUdharadAsa ke kula 5 aSTaka prApta hue haiM; unameM 2 aSTaka neminAtha ke, 1 aSTaka mahAvIra kA, 1 aSTaka pArzvanAtha kA tathA 1 aSTaka sAmAnyata: jinendradeva kA hai| isameM tatsambandhI bhagavAnoM kI stuti kI gaI hai / ye sabhI aSTaka unakI vandanA yA upAsanA sambandhI haiN| inameM pUrvavartI kaviyoM kA prabhAva bhI dRSTigata hotA hai| inameM se kucha aSTaka padasaMgraha meM bhI prakAzita haiM tathA kuMcha pRthak rUpa se bhI upalabdha haiN| 5.nizibhojana jana kathA :- rAtri bhojana ke doSoM ko nirUpita karane vAlI yaha kavi kI anupama racanA hai| isameM 10 caupAiyA~, 6 dohoM, 2 soraThoM tathA / chappaya- kula 19 chandoM dvArA kavi ne rAtri bhojana ke kAraNa prApta duHkhoM kA varNana kiyA hai| isakI prakAzita aura aprakAzita donoM hI prakAra kI 1. rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna,zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM.6766 2. jaina pada saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga - bhUSaradAsa, pada 68 jaina mantha ratnAkara, bambaI 3. hindI vizvakoSa bhAga 2 nagendranAtha vasu ,pRSTha (644 san 1917 kalakatA 4, hindI vizvakoza pAga 2 . nagendranAtha basu , pRSTha 382 san 1917 kalakacA 5. vRhad jinavANI saMgraha saM paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla, 16vA~ samrATa saMskaraNa pRSTha 639-641 6. rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM. 6766

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 169 pratiyA~ upalabdha haiM / aprakAzita kRti meM tIna bhavoM kI kathA hai, jabaki prakAzita kRti meM kevala eka bhava kI kathA hai| prakAzita kRti meM kathAvRtta saMkSipta hai, jabaki aprakAzita kRti meM paryApta vistRta hai| 19 chandoM meM prApta sampUrNa racanA meM mUla kathA 2 se 11 chanda taka hai| 12 veM evaM 13 veM chanda meM rudradatta dvija ko nizi bhojana se hone vAle pApa ke kAraNa bAra-bAra nimnakoTI kI yoniyoM meM janma lenA par3A - yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| 14 veM chanda meM batAyA gayA hai ki nizi bhojana ke tyAga se parabhava meM sukha aura isa bhava meM nirogatA prApta hotI hai| 15 veM chanda meM aniSTa jIvoM ke bhakSaNa se hone vAle rogoM kA varNana hai / chanda 16 se 19 taka batAyA gayA hai ki isa bhava kA pIr3A utpAdaka pApa parabhava meM bhI duHkhakAraka hotA hai| mUrkha suvacanoM se prasanna nahIM hotA hai| vItarAga guru ke vacana hI suvacana hote haiM / suvacanoM kA bhalI-bhA~ti pAlana karanA caahie| isakI mUla kathA isa prakAra hai jambUdvIpa ke bharata kSetra meM kurAMjala nAmaka deza thaa| jisake hastinApura nAmaka nagara meM yazobhadra nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| isa rAjA ke rudradatta nAma kA purohita thaa| eka bAra zrAddha pakSa ko pratipadA ko purohita dvArA apane pitaroM ke zrAddha ke upalakSya meM brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAyA gayA; parantu svayaM ke bhojana karate samaya vaha kisI kAryavaza rAjA dvArA bulavA liyA gyaa| daivavaza vaha arddharAtri taka bhojana na kara sakA / purohita kI patnI jaba zAma ko bhojana banA rahI thI taba baiMgana kI zAka meM eka meMDhaka uchala kara gira gayA thA aura usake vahA~ na hone para use isa bAta kA kucha patA nahIM cala pAyA thaa| arddharAtri ko andhere meM jaba purohita rudradatta ne bhojana kiyA to vaha meMDhaka usake dA~toM ke nIce A gyaa| ThIka se na cabA pAne ke kAraNa usane use nikAlakara bAhara rakha diyaa| prAta: jaba usane use ( meMDhaka ) ko dekhakara yaha jAna liyA ki vaha meMDhaka thA, jo rAta ko mere mu~ha meM calA gayA thA, taba bhI usane rAtri bhojana ke prati koI ghRNA nahIM kI aura vaha yathAvat rAtri bhojana karatA rahA, jisake phalasvarUpa vaha marakara pApavaza 10 bAra naraka yoni meM nArakI huA aura ananta duHkhoM kA pAtra bnaa| isaprakAra yaha kRti rAtribhojanatyAga kI preraNA ke sAtha-sAtha bhojana kI zuddhatA para bhI bala detI hai tathA zrAvaka ke sadAcAra ko bhI abhivyakta karatI

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170 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 6. gIta :- bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita riSabhadeva ke dasa bhau ThAne kA gIta, dayA diThAvana gIta evaM paramArtha siSyA gIta - ye tIna gIta prakIrNa rUpa meM upalabdha hue haiN| gIta se tAtparya gAna, gAnA, dhruvapada, tarAnA Adi hai / yaha niyamita svara niSpanna zabda vizeSa hai| saMgItazAstra ke anusAra dhAtu tathA mAtrA pada yukta ko gIta kahate haiM / bhUdharadAsa racita "riSabhadeva ke dasa bhau ThAne kA gIta" meM RSabhadeva ke 9 pUrvabhavoM ke antargata vibhinna janmoM se nirmANa prApti taka kA varNana hai / "dayA diThAvana gIta" meM dayA kI mahattA evaM anivAryatA batalAte hue ahiMsA siddhAnta kA poSaNa kiyA gayA hai / "paramArtha siSyA gIta" meM jIva kI saMsAra avasthA kA varNana evaM usake kartavya-akartavya kA bodha diyA gayA hai| ina gItoM meM kavi dvArA kramazaH bhakti, ahiMsA evaM vairAgya bhAvoM kA samyak paricaya prApta hotA hai| 7. tIna caubIsI kI jayamAlA :- bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita bhUta, vartamAna evaM bhaviSya - ina tInoM kAloM ke 24-24 tIrthaMkaroM kA vivaraNa evaM unakA jayagAna "tIna caubIsI kI jayamAlA" nAmaka kRti meM huA hai| yaha kRti aprakAzita rUpa se upalabdha hai| pUjAoM kI jayamAlA likhane kI paramparA jaina pUjA lekhakoM kI apanI paramparA hai| isa paramparA kA anusaraNa karate hue bhakta kavi apane iSTa ke prati bhAvapUjA sampAdita karatA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne bhI isa paramparA kA samyak nirvAha karate hue tIna caubIsI ke 72 tIrthaMkaroM ke prati bhakti bhAva pradarzita kiyA hai| 8. vivAha samai jaina kI maMgala bhASA :- yaha 30 dohoM meM likhI huI kavi kI anuSThAnaparaka aprakAzita kRti hai / isameM vivAha saMskAra kA AdyopAnta varNana kiyA hai| vivAha ke lie pitA kA putra se pUchanA, kanyA kA gotra, pitA, saundarya Adi kI carcA karanA, zubha muhUrta meM vivAha kI lagna nizcita karanA, bArAta meM hAthI ghor3e, ratha Adi vividha vAhanoM kA jAnA, vividha mAMgalika vAdyoM kA bajanA, nara-nAriyoM kA bArAta dekhanA, kanyA ke pitA kA bArAta kI agavAnI 1. rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM. 6766 pRSTha 38 2. vahI patra saMkhyA 83 3.(ka) prakAzita - jaina pada saMgraha evaM pArzvapurANa ke antargata (kha) aprakAzita rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM. 6766 patra saMkhyA 50

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 171 lene jAnA, maNDapa kA aneka prakAra se sajAyA jAnA, vivAha kI vedI para baiThe vara-vadhU ko lakSya kara striyoM ke dvArA mAMgalika gIta gAnA, kanyA ko usakI mA~ dvArA sambodhana denA tathA vara ko usake zvasura dvArA AzIrvAda denA Adi sabhI vivAha sambandhI pramukha bAtoM kA varNana hai| sampUrNa kRti meM amidhAmUlaka bodha zailI kA vyavahAra huA hai / vAstava meM kavi kI yaha laghu kRti lokAcAra aura loka vyavahAra kI anUThI kRti bana par3I hai| 9. DhAla :- kavi dvArA racita "nokAra mahAtama kI DhAla" tathA "sapta vyasana niSedha DhAla" - ye do dAleM upalabdha haiN| pahalI "nokAra mahAtama kI DhAla" jaina pada saMgraha meM bhI prakAzita ho gaI hai| dUsarI "sapta vyasana niSedha DhAla" "pArzvapurANa" ke antargata hI likhI gaI hai, parantu kahIM-kahIM isakA prathaka prakAzanI dekhane meM AyA hai| ye donoM DAleM sakAmata aura aprakAzita donoM rUpoM meM upalabdha haiN| I "nokAra mahAtama kI DhAla" nAmaka 'racanA meM 35 akSaroM se saMgaThita ati prasiddha NamokAra maMtra kA mAhAtmya abhivyaMjita huA hai| isa racanA meM padyaruci, sugrIva, sulocanA gaMgAdevI, cArudatta, dharaNendra-padmAvatI, sItA, cora aura seTha, seTha sudarzana, aMjana cora tathA jIvaka cora sambandhI 11 antarkathAoM kA nAmollekha huA hai tathA NamokAra maMtra ke mAhAtmya se ina sabane uttama phala prApta kiyA hai| yaha kRti jana samudAya ko isa maMtra kI mahattA se paricita karAtI haI use nirantara baiThe, calate, sote, jAgate Adi sarvadA japane kI preraNA detI hai| isa maMtra kI prabhAvanA jana jIvana ke kriyA-kalApoM ko aharnizi prabhAvita karatI hai| yaha aparAjita maMtra sarvavighnoM kA nAza karane vAlA tathA sarvamaMgaloM meM pahalA maMgala hai| yaha maMtra jinagama kA sAra hai, isalie Aja bhI isakI mAnyatA sampUrNa samAja meM hai / "sapta vyasana niSedha DhAla" meM dyUtakrIr3A, mAMsa-bhakSaNa, madya-pAna, vezyAsevana, zikAra, corI aura parastrIramaNa - ina sAta vyasanoM kA niSedha ullikhita hai| ina saptavyasanoM ke tyAga se hI vyakti kI cAritrika utkRSTatA sambhava hai / vyakti ke caritra kA utthAna huye binA laukika aura dhArmika jIvana sundara nahIM ho sktaa| kavi ne mahAbhAratakAlIna pANDavoM kA udAharaNa prastuta karate hue saptavyasana ke niSedha ko pratipAdita kiyA hai aura apane lakSya meM paryApta saphalatA prApta kI hai| 1. (ka) prakAzita - jaina pada saMgraha evaM pArzvapurANa ke antargata (kha) aprakAzita rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM.6766 patra saMkhyA 50

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172 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 10. hukkA paccIsI yA hukkA niSedha caupAI :- yaha hukkA arthAt dhUmrapAna kI burAiyoM ko pratipAdita karane vAlI kRti hai / yaha kRti prakAzita aura aprakAzita donoM rUpoM meM upalabdha hai / prakAzita kRti kA nAma "hukkA paccIsI" hai tathA aprakAzita kRti kA nAma "hukkA niSedha caupAI" - hai| donoM kRtiyoM meM 23 chanda samAna haiM parantu hukkA paccIsI meM eka kavitta chanda gaMgadatta nAmaka kavi kA tathA eka lAvanI chanda rUpacanda nAmaka kavi kA hai| ina donoM chandoM meM gaMgadatta aura rUpacandra kA nAmollekha hone se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ina donoM chandoM ko chor3akara zeSa 7 dohe, 15 caupAI aura eka kavitta kula milAkara 23 chanda hI bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita haiN| hukkA niSedha caupAI meM anya kaviyoM dvArA racita kucha padoM ko milAkara bhUdharadAsa ke mUla 23 padoM sahita 31 pada haiM jisameM antima pada prazastiparaka hai, jo nimnalikhita hai - naMdadAsa suvinIta nara, pAnIpathayA jAna / tisa nimitta yaha caupAI, likhI Agare dhAna // yaha prazastiparaka pada hukkA paccIsI meM nahIM hai| yaha kRti AcAra kI dRSTi se ati mahatvapUrNa hai| 11. badhAI :- kavi dvArA racita "RSabhadeva" ke nhauna saMskAra kI badhAI" nAmaka racanA prakAzita rUpa meM upalabdha hai| isameM putra janma ke avasara para nAbhirAya ko badhAI dI gaI hai tathA sadya:prasUta bAlaka RSabhadeva ko sumeruparvata para nhavana karAte hue devoM dvArA mahAmanohara rUpa kA evaM dRzya kA citra upasthita kiyA gayA hai| isakI bhASA sauSThavayukta tathA gatimaya hai / yaha racanA vibhinna pada saMgrahoM meM bhI saMgrahIta hai aura pRthak rUpa se bhI prakAzita hai| 12. jakar3I :- kavi dvArA racitta "paramArtha jakar3I" yA "bhUdhara kRta jakar3I" nAmaka eka racanA prakAzita aura aprakAzita donoM hI rUpoM meM upalabdha 1. hukkA paccIsI bhUdharadAsa- prakAzaka candrasena jaina paMsArI, iTAvA uttarapradeza 2. hukkA niSedha caupAI-rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM.6766 3. hukkA niSedha caupAI-rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSyana, zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM.6766 4. ( ka ) jaina pada saMmaha, tRtIya bhAga - bhUdharadAsa, prakAzaka jaina paMtha ralAkara, bambaI pada 31 (kha) jaina pada sAgara bhAga 1, pRSTha 187-188 zrI mahAvIrajI

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana hai / ' jahA~ yaha eka ora vibhinna saMgrahoM meM saMgrahIta hai vahA~ dUsarI ora pRthak rUpa se bhI prakAzita hai| 173 yaha racanA pA~ca jakar3I chandoM meM pUrNa huI haiN| isameM kavi dvArA mana ko sambodhita karate hue vairAgya bhAvanA, karma aura unake phala, jaina dharma kI mahimA Adi kA varNana huA hai| yaha kRti hindI santa kaviyoM kI taraha dhArmika mahatva ko sUcita karatI hai| 13. holI :- kavi dvArA racita "are doU raMga bhare khelata horI " tathA "horI khelU~gI ghara Aye cidAnanda" ina zabdoM se prArambha hone vAlI do holiyA~ prakAzita rUpa se upalabdha haiN| ye racanAe~ vibhinna pada saMgrahoM meM bhI saMgrahita hai| holI eka kAvya rUpa haiN|' isa kAvya kA prayoga jaina evaM jainetara sAhitya meM huA hai / kavi dvArA racita holiyoM meM AdhyAtmika dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara holI ke utsava meM prayukta upakaraNoM ko sAMgarUpaka ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai / sAtha hI cidAnanda kanta ke sAtha holI khelane se priya viyoga ke samApta hone kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai I - 14. jinaguNamuktAvalI :- jinaguNamuktAvalI kavi kI eka laghu kintu bhaktibhAvanA pUrNa aprakAzita kRti hai| yaha kRti 23 pandraha mAtrA vAlI caupAiyoM, 16 dohoM aura 2 soraThA chandoM meM racI gaI hai| isa kRti meM jinendra bhagavAna ke guNoM kI vizeSa carcA huI hai| yaha carcA bhagavAna jinendradeva ke pUjya parijanoM se lekara bhagavAna ke kula, janma, zarIra, tapa, kevalajJAna aura dharmadezanA taka ke atizayoM para AdhRta hai| isameM bhakta kI bhakti bhAvanA kA pUrNa udreka dikhAI detA hai / 1. (ka) prakAzita - vRhad jinavANI saMgraha- saM. paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla, 16 vA~ samrATa saMskaraNa, pRSTha 639-641 san 1952 (kha) rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna zAkhA bIkAnera ke guTakA saM 6766 meM saMgrahIta 2. hindI pada saMgraha- saM. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, prakAzaka- mahAvIra bhavana, jayapura pRSTha 149 tathA hindI 158-59 san 1956 3. hindI sAhitya koza, bhAga 1, DaoN. dhIrendra varmA, dvitIya saMskaraNa, prakAzaka- jJAna maMDala vArANasI, pRSTha 979 4. RSabhadeva sarasvatI sadana, udayapura guTakA naM. 2155

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174 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : 15. bhUpAlacaturvizati bhASA :- yaha saMskRta ke bhUpAlarAya kavi dvArA racita "jina caturviMzatikA" kA deza bhASA meM anuvAda hai| anudita racanA meM Arambha kA maMgalAcaraNa kA dohA tathA anya kA bhUpAlarAya ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karane vAlA chappaya chanda mUla saMskRta kRti meM nahIM hai / isameM 48 caupAI, 5 dohA aura 1 chappaya kula 54 chanda haiM / isa racanA meM "jinacaturviMzatikA" ke eka zloka ke lie 2 caupAiyoM yA 2 dohA chandoM kA kramaza: prayoga kiyA gayA hai| yaha prakAzita aura aprakAzita donoM rUpoM meM upalabdha hai| isameM jaina dharmAnusAra 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA kI gaI hai| samasta kRti meM apane ArAdhya ke prati vinaya-bhAva vyakta kiyA gayA hai| kavi ne jana bhASA meM mUla kRti kA anuvAda mAtra kiyA hai, jisameM use paryApta saphalatA milI hai| anuvAda kI paramparA meM kavi ne rItikAlIna paramparA kA upayoga kiyA hai / chappaya jaise chanda kA vyavahAra bhI purAnI paramparA ko gati pradAna karatA hai| ___16. bAraha bhAvanA :- bhUdharadAsa ne apane mahAkAvya "pArzvapurANa" meM prasaMgAnusAra do sthAnoM para vyavahAraparaka aura nizcayaparaka dRSTi se do bAraha bhAvanAyeM likhI hai / ye bAraha bhAvanAeM vastuta: "pArzvapurANa" kA aMza haiM, parantu adhika lokapriyatA ke kAraNa ye pRthak-pRthak kaI saMgrahoM meM saMgrahIta kI gaI bAra-bAra citavana karane ko bhAvanA kahate haiN| saMsAra, zarIra evaM bhogoM se virakti ke lie inakA vizeSa mahatva hai| anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Asvaca, saMvara, nirjarA, loka bodhidurlabha aura dharma - ye bAraha bhAvanAe~ haiN| ina bAraha bhAvanAoM ko likhane kI paramparA prAcIna jainAcAryoM dvArA prAkRta aura saMskRta se hotI huI hindI jaina kaviyoM ko prApta huI hai| 1(ka) prakAziva - vRhad jinavANI saMgraha. saM. paM. pannAlAla nAkalIvAla, 16 vAM samrATa saMskaraNa, pRSTha 639-641 (kha) aprakAzita zAstra bhaNDAra digambara jaina mandira, saMghIjI, jayapura veSTana kra. 895 2. pAvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 30 tathA adhikAra 7 pRSTha 64 3. vahI pRSTha 30 tathA 64 4. AcArya kundakunda, vahakara svAmI, kArtikeya svAmI, zubhacandra Adi /

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 175 bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita bAraha bhAvanAyeM isI paramparA kI eka kar3I hai jo sarvAdhika prasiddhi ko prApta hai| inakA vizeSa vivecana dhArmika vicAroM ke antargata kiyA ___17. solahakaraNa bhAvanA :- "solahakaraNa bhAvanAe~" bhUdharadAsa ne "pArzvapurANa" ke antargata likhI hai, parantu kaI saMgrahoM meM yaha pRthak rUpa se bhI prakAzita huI haiN| ye bhAvanAe~ munirAjoM dvArA bhAne yogya haiM / darzana vizuddhi, vinaya sampannatA, zIla aura vratoM meM atIcAra na lagAnA, abhIkSNa jJAnopayoga, saMvega, yathAzakti tapa, yathAzakti tyAga, sAdhu samAdhi, vaiyAvRtya, arhadbhakti, AcArya bhakti, bahuzruta bhakti, pravacanabhakti, AvazyakAparihANi, mArgaprabhAvanA aura pravacana vatsalatA - ina solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM ke bhAne se tIrthakara prakRti kA baMdha hotA hai| vyakti ko dhArmika banAne meM ina bhAvanAoM kA ati mahattva hotA hai| 18. vairAgya bhAvanA :-"vairAgya bhAvanA" vajranAbhi cakravartI dvArA saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM se virakti hetu "pArzvapurANa" ke antargata bhAyI gaI bhAvanA hai| saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM kA svarUpa jAnakara vajranAbhi vairAgya dhAraNa kara lete haiN| isa racanA meM 2 dohe tathA 15 jogIrAsA chanda haiN| yaha prakAzita aura aprakAzita donoM rUpoM meM upalabdha hai| pArzvapurANa kA aMza hokara bhI isakA prakAzana vividha saMgrahoM meM "vajranAbhi cakravartI kI vairAgya bhAvanA" athavA "vairAgya bhAvanA" nAma se huA hai / bhAva evaM bhASA kI dRSTi se isakI racanA anupama 19. bAbIsa parISaha :- vastutaH yaha kavi kI pRthak racanA nahIM hai, apitu pArzvapurANa kA hI aMza hai; parantu mArmika evaM bhAvapUrNa hone ke kAraNa isakA 1, pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa adhikAra 4 pRSTha 35-36 2. vRhada jinavANI saMgraha- saM. paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla, pRSTha 569-72 saM 16 vA~ samrATa saMskaraNa san 1952 3. pAvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 17-18 4. pAcapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 32-34

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa meM pRthak prakAzana bhI upalabdha hai| yahA~ taka ki sonAgiri siddhakSetra ke candraprabhu jinAlaya meM ise citra sahita TaMkotkIrNa bhI kiyA gayA hai| isameM Atma sAdhanA meM saMlagna sAdhu jina parISahoM ko jItate haiM, unakA svarUpa batAte hue sAdhu kI stuti bhI kI gaI hai| ina parISahoM ke lakSaNa kyA haiM ? amuka parISaha ke kAla sAdhu kI kyA sthiti hotI hai ? saMsArI jIvoM kI aise kaSTa Ane para kyA dazA hotI hai ? ina sabakA isameM vizad varNana milatA hai| isakA kalApakSa kI apekSA bhAvapakSa ati prabhAvotpAdaka evaM hRdayagrAhI hai| jahA~ eka ora "chappaya" chanda meM 22 parISaha kA nAma parigaNana huA hai, vahA~ dUsarI ora "somAvatI" chanda meM inakA varNana huA hai| isa racanA kA bhAvanAjanya AcaraNa pradhAnatA kI dRSTi se ati mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / 176 kavi dvArA racita uparyukta sabhI phuTakara racanAe~ muktaka kAvya ke antargata hI AtI haiM / isa taraha bhUdharadAsa kI pramukha racanAe~ gadya meM " carcA samAdhAna" padma meM mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM " pArzvapurANa" jainazataka evaM padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa tathA aneka phuTakara racanAe~ muktaka kAvya ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai / ***

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paMcama adhyAya bhUdharadAsa kI racanAoM kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana (a) mahAkAvyAtmaka racanA "pAvapurANa kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana (ka) kathAnaka : eka dRSTi (kha) pAzryapurANa meM caritra citraNa (ga) pArzvapurANa meM prakRti citraNa (gha) pArSapurANa meM rasa nirUpaNa (3) pArzvayurANa kI racanA kA uddezya (4) mahAkAvyetara racanAoM kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana ( ka ) jainazataka kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana (kha) padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhUdharadAsa kI racanAoM kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana (a) mahAkAvyAtmaka racanA "pArzvapurANa" kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana "pArzvapurANa" bhUdharadAsa kI mahAkAvyAtmaka racanA hai| isake sambandha meM aneka vidvAnoM ne apane-apane mantavya diye haiM / unameM se kucha pramukha vidvAnoM ke mantavya nimnAnusAra hai : 177 paM. nAthUrAma " premI" likhate haiM ki- "hindI ke jaina sAhitya meM yahI eka caritra grantha hai, jisakI racanA ucca zreNI kI hai aura jo vAstava meM par3hane yogya haiN| yaha grantha svatantra haiM, kisI khAsa grantha kA anuvAda nahIM hai|' " DaoN. kAmatAprasAda jaina likhate hai ki :- - "pArzvapurANa" meM 23 veM tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA jIvana - kathAnaka bahuta hI sundara rIti se pratipAdita hai / hindI jaina sAhitya meM yahI eka sundara svatantra kAvya hai" / 2 DaoN. nemIcanda zAstrI ke anusAra " yaha eka saphala mahAkAvya hai, mahAkAvya ke sabhI lakSaNa isameM vartamAna haiM / " 3 paM. paramAnanda zAstrI ne likhA hai ki- "pArzvapurANa kI racanA atyanta sarala evaM saMkSipta hote hue bhI pArzvanAtha ke jIvana kI paricAyaka hai| jIvana paricaya ke sAtha usameM aneka sUktiyA~ bhI maujUda hai, jo pAThaka ke hRdaya ko kevala sparza hI nahIM karatI, pratyuta unameM vastusthiti ke bhI darzana hote haiN|' A paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI indaura ke anusAra " isa grantha ke kisI bhI aMza ko par3hA jAya usameM kavi kA padalAlitya aura sAhajika kalpanA zakti kA paricaya milatA haiM / kavi kI vANI meM vAstavika rasa aura AkarSaNa hai|" 5 pArzvapurANa eka mahAkAvya hai, jisameM eka vyakti kA jIvana vividha avasthAoM aura vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke bIca citrita kiyA gayA hai| vastu varNana, caritracitraNa, bhAvavyaMjanA Adi sabhI kucha isa kAvya meM samanvita rUpa se upalabdha hai / 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, jaina hitaiSI 13/1 nAthUrAma premI pRSTha 12 2. jaina hindI sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa DaoN. kAmatA prasAda jaina pRSTha 172 3. hindI jaina sAhitya kA parizIlana bhAga-1 DaoN. nemIcanda zAstrI pRSTha 500 4. anekAnta varSa 12 kiraNa 10 5. jaina hitendra purANa, varSa 28 aMka 2,3

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa | ghaTanA vidhAna aura dRzya yojanA ko bhI isameM pUrNa vistAra prApta hai kavi ne kAvya ke nAyaka pArzvanAtha ke caritra nirUpaNa ke sAtha kucha dArzanika siddhAntoM kA bhI nirUpaNa kiyA hai| isa grantha meM saphala mahAkAvya ke prAyaH sabhI guNa vidyamAna haiN| 178 mahAkAvya kA svarUpa : vibhinna vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM. mahAkAvya ke bAre meM bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne apane-apane mata prastuta kiye haiM / sarvaprathama bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke mata prastuta haiM saMskRta ke lakSaNa ganthoM meM mahAkAvya kA svarUpa : saMskRta ke lakSaNa granthoM meM mahAkAvya ke aMgoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai / saMskRta AcAryoM meM mahAkAvya ke svarUpa kI sarvaprathama vistRta vyAkhyA karane kA zreya AcArya bhAmaha ko hai| unhoMne apane grantha "kAvyAlaMkAra" meM mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAe haiM : -- 1, mahAkAvya meM kaI sarga honA caahiye| 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. -- isameM udAtta caritra vAle kisI mahApuruSa kA nAyaka ke rUpa meM varNana honA caahie| kathAnaka kA upayukta saMgaThana honA cAhiye / sAMskRtika sambaddhatA honA cAhiye / ' daNDI ke anusAra "1. mahAkAvya kI kathA aneka sargoM meM ho / 2. mahAkAvya kA prArambha AzIrvAda, namaskAra yA vastunirdeza dvArA ho / kathA aitihAsika yA anya koI utkRSTa honI cAhie / 3. 1. bhAmaha : kAvyAlaMkAra 1, 19-23 kisI mahat kArya kA varNana honA caahie| zliSTa evaM nAgaraprayoga tathA alaMkAra kI yojanA rahanI cAhie / jIvana ke vividha rUpoM kI jhAkiyA~ prastuta kI jAnI caahie| paMca saMdhiyoM kI yojanA honA cAhiye / -- --

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179 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 4. cAroM vargoM kI svIkRti milanI caahie| 5. nAyaka catura evaM udAtta honA caahiye| 6. nagara, samudra, parvata, Rtu, sUryodaya, sUryAsta, upavana, jalakrIr3A Adi ke varNanoM se mahAkAvya zobhita honA caahie|' isake pazcAt rUdraTa', agnipurANakAra', hemacandra aura vizvanAtha 'Adi aneka saMskRta vidvAnoM ne mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa batalAye haiM, jo sabhI lagabhaga milate julate haiN| una sabhI ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya ke sAmAnya lakSaNa nimnalikhita haiM : 1. mahAkAvya sargabaddha honA cAhiye aura nyUnatama ATha sarga honA cAhiye / ... mahAkAvya kA dhAyaka vicAra athama devatA lenA cAhiye / 3. mahAkAvya kI racanA vibhinna chandoM meM honA caahiye| 4. mahAkAvya kI kathA itihAsa yA purANa sammata honA caahiye| 5. zrRMgAra, vIra aura zAnta rasa meM se koI eka rasa aMgI ho tathA zeSa rasa gauNa ho / prakRti varNana ke rUpa meM nagara, samudra, nadI, parvata, sUryodaya, sUryAsta Adi kA varNana honA caahiye| mahAkAvya kI zailI gambhIra honA cAhiye / 8. mahAkAvya kA uddezya mahAna honA caahiye| hindI vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM mahAkAvya kA svarUya :- Adhunika yuga meM hindI ke vidvAnoM ne bhI mahAkAvya ke sambandha meM apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| ina vidvAnoM ne lakSaNagranthoM ke paramparAgata mAnadaNDoM se alaga haTakara mahAkAvya viSayaka mAnyatAe~ prastuta kI haiM, jinameM paryApta vikAsa dRSTigocara hotA hai| kucha pramukha mAnyatAe~ isa prakAra haiM : 1. kAvyAdarza 1 - 15, 19, 37 daNDI 2. kAvyAlaMkAra 16-7,7-19 rUdraTa 3. agnipurANa 338, 24-34 4. sAhitya darpaNa 6, 315-318 vizvanAtha

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180 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : AcArya rAmacandra zukla ke anusAra :- "prabandha kAvya meM mAnava jIvana kA pUrNa dRzya hotA hai| usameM ghaTanAoM kI sambaddha zrRMkhalA aura svAbhAvika krama se ThIka ThIka nirvAha ke sAtha sAtha hRdaya ko sparza karane vAle nAnA bhAvoM kA rasAtmaka anubhava karAne vAle prasaMgoM kA samAveza honA caahie| usake liye ghaTanAcakra ke antargata aisI vastuoM aura vyApAroM kA pratibimbavat citraNa honA cAhie, jo zrotAoM ke hRdaya meM rasAtmaka taraMge uThAne meM samartha ho|" / DaoN. nagendra ne mahAkAvya meM "audAtya" ko pradhAna mAnate hue udAtta kathAnaka, udAtta kArya athavA uddezya, udAtta caritra, udAtta bhAva aura udAtta zailI ko anivArya batalAyA hai| DaoN. zambhUnAthasiMha ne bhAratIya aura pAzcAtya mahAkAvya viSayaka mAnyatAoM kA samanvaya karate hue mahAkAvya ke Antarika aura bAhya lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai - Antarika lakSaNa :1. mahAkAvya meM kisI mahAna ghaTanA kA varNana honA caahie| usake kathAnaka meM nATakIya anviti ho to ThIka hai, na ho to bhI use romAMcaka kathA kI taraha vizrRMkhalita nahIM honA caahiye| 2. usameM koI na koI mahAna uddezya honA cAhiye, cAhe vaha uddezya rASTrIya ho yA naitika, dhArmika ho yA dArzanika, mAnavIya ho yA mnovaijnyaanik| 3. usameM prabhAvanviti honI cAhiye, cAhe vaha nATakIya DhaMga kI prabhAvAnviti ho yA romAMcaka kathA ke DhaMga kI athavA nItikAvya ke DhaMga kii| bAhya lakSaNa : kathAtmakatA aura chndobddhtaa| 2. sargabaddhatA yA khaNDavibhAjana aura kathA kA vistaar| 3. jIvana ke vividha aura samagra rUpa kA citraNa / 1. jAyasI granthAvalI kI bhUmikA AcArya rAmacandra zukla 2. "kAmAyanI kA mahAkAvyatva" DaoN. nagendra 3. sAhitya zAstra, pro. rAmakumAra zarmA pRSTha 179--180

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eka samAlocanAtmaka amA 4. nATaka kathA aura gItikAvya ke aneka tattvoM ke sammizraNa se saMghaTita kathAnaka kA nirmANa / 5. zailI kI gambhIratA, udAratA aura manohAritA / pAzcAtaya vidvAnoM kI dRSTi meM mahAkAvya kA svarUpa : pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne bhI mahAkAvya (EPIC) ko gauravapUrNa sthAna dete hue usake svarUpa kI vibhinna prakAra se vyAkhyA kI hai| prasiddha yUnAnI Alocaka arastU ne mahAkAvya ke sambandha meM apane kAvyazAstra meM likhA hai ki "mahAkAvya aise udAtta vyApAra kA kAvyamaya anukaraNa hai, jo svataH gambhIra evaM pUrNa ho, varNanAtmaka ho, sundara zailI meM racA gayA ho, jisameM Adyanta eka chanda ho, jisameM eka hI kArya ho jo pUrNa ho, jisameM prArambha, madhya aura anta ho, jisake Adi aura anta eka dRSTi meM samA sakeM, jisake caritra zreSTha ho, kathA sambhAvanIya ho aura jIvana ke kisI eka sArvabhauma satya kA pratipAdana karatI ho| " " 181 evarakAmbI ke anusAra :- " vRhadAkAra varNanAtmaka prabandhatva ke kAraNa hI koI racanA mahAkAvya nahIM bana jAtI hai| mahAkAvya usI prabandha ko kaheMge jisakI zailI mahAkAvyocita ho aura jisameM kavi kI kalpanA aura vicAradhArA kA udAtta rUpa dikhAI pdd'e| usake anusAra mahAkAvya meM aisI koI bAta nahIM honA cAhiye jo agambhIra aura mahattvahIna ho / " 2 isake atirikta epha bI. gamara, DabalyU ema. Diksana, vAlTeyara Adi aneka pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne mahAkAvya ke svarUpa para prakAza DAlA hai| ina sabhI ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya ke sAmAnya lakSaNa nimnAnusAra haiM : 1. mahAkAvya eka vizAlakAya prakathana pradhAna kAvya hai / 2. nAyaka yuddhapriya ho tathA pAtroM meM zauryaguNa kI pradhAnatA anivArya hai| 3. mahAkAvya meM kevala vyakti kA caritra citraNa hI nahIM hotA apitu usameM sampUrNa jAti ke kriyA kalApoM kA varNana honA cAhiye / jAtigata bhAvanAoM kI pradhAnatA mahAkAvya meM hotI hai| 1. kAvyarUpoM ke mUla srota aura unakA vikAsa DaoN. zakuntalA dube pRSTha 83 2. kAvya ke rUpa DaoN. zakuntalA dube pRSTha 68

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182 mahAkavi pUgharadAsa : 4. kucha AlocakoM kI samati meM mahAkAvyoM ke pAtra devatA yA devatA jaise hI hote haiM, kintu lukana ne pAtroM meM kevala mAnavIya rUpa kI pratiSThA kI hai| mahAkAvya kA viSaya paramparA se pratiSThita aura lokapriya hotA hai| 6. kathA kA sambandha nAyaka se hotA hai / zailI meM udAttatA aura virATatA tathA usameM eka hI chanda kA prayoga honA caahiye| mahAkAvya ke sambandha meM uddhRta uparyukta vibhinna lakSaNoM kA samanvaya karate hue mahAkAvya ke sAmAnya lakSaNa nimnalikhita prakAra se ginAe jA sakate 5. 1. mahAkAvya sargabaddha ho tathA nyUnatama 8 sarga ho / 2. mahAkAvya kA nAyaka dhIrodAtta ho| 3. mahAkAvya kI racanA vibhinna chandoM meM ho / __mahAkAvya kI kathA itihAsa yA purANasammata ho / zrRMgAra, vIra aura zAnta rasoM meM se koI eka rasa pradhAna tathA zeSa rasa gauNa hoN| 6. prakRti varNana ke rUpa meM nagara, nadI, parvata, nAle, sUryodaya, sUryAsta Adi kA varNana honA caahiye| 7. zailI udAtta evaM gambhIra ho| 8. uddezya mahAna honA caahiye| mahAkAvya kI uparyukta sabhI paribhASAoM evaM lakSaNe kA samAveza karate hue hindI sAhitya kozakAra mahAkAvya kI paribhASA isa prakAra dete haiM : mahAkAvya vaha chandobaddha kathAtmaka rUpa hai, jisameM kSipra kathApravAha yA alaMkRta varNana apanA manovaijJAnika citraNa se yukta aisA suniyojita sAMgopAMga aura jIvanta lambA kathAnaka ho, jo rasAtmakatA yA prabhAvAnviti utpanna karane

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 183 meM pUrNa samartha ho sake, jisameM kyA kalpanA yA sambhAvanA para AdhArita aise caritra yA caritroM ke mahattvapUrNa jIvanavRtta kA pUrNa yA AMzika rUpa meM varNana ho, jo kisI yuga ke sAmAjika jIvana kA kisI na kisI rUpa meM pratinidhitva kara sake jisameM kisI mahattpreraNA se anuprANita hokara kisI mahat uddezya kI siddhi ke lie kisI mahattvapUrNa, gaMbhIra athavA rahasyamaya aura AzcaryotpAdaka ghaTanA yA ghaTanAoM kA Azraya lekara saMzliSTa aura samanvita rUpa se jAti vizeSa yA yuga vizeSa ke samagra jIvana ke vividha rUpoM, pakSoM, mAnasika avasthAoM aura kAryoM kA varNana aura udghATana kiyA gayA ho aura jisakI zailI itanI garimAmayA aura udAta ho ki yuga-yugAntara taka mahAkAvya ke jIvita rahane kI zakti pradAna kara ske| pArzvapurANa kA mahAkAvyatva : mUlyAMkana ke viziSTa bindu mahAkAvya ke uparyukta vividha mAnadaNDoM ke AdhAra para pArzvapurANa ke mahAkAvyatva kA mUlyAMkana karane ke lie viziSTa bindu nimnAnusAra hai - jinake AdhAra para pArzvapurANa kA mahAkAvyattva vivecya hai . 1. sargabaddhatA evaM chandabaddhatA 2. mahAna evaM purANasammata kathAnaka dhIrodAtta nAyaka 4. zrRMgAra, vIra evaM zAnta rasa meM se kisI eka rasa kI pradhAnatA 5. prakRti varNana 6. mahAna uddezya 7. zailI kI udAttatA evaM gambhIratA ina saba binduoM kA vivecana kramaza : kathAnaka - eka dRSTi, caritra citraNa, prakRti citraNa, rasa-nirUpaNa, uddezya-kathana Adi ke rUpa meM vistAra se kiyA jA rahA hai| 1. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga-1 DaoN. dhIrendra varmA, dvitIya saMskaraNa pRSTha 627

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184 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : (ka) kathAnaka : eka dRSTi pArzvapurANa ke kathAnaka ko nimnalikhita binduoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue dekhA jA sakatA hai - 1. sargAnusAra kathAsAra 2. kathAnaka kI sargabaddhatA evaM chandabaddhatA 3. kathApravAha yA sambandhanirvAha 4. anviti evaM prabhAva 5. mahAnatA evaM purANasammatatA 6. paramparAgatatA evaM navIna udbhAvanAe~ 7. prabandhakAvya kI dRSTi se kathAnaka para vicAra 1. sargAnusAra kathAsAra :- "pArzvapurANa" meM pIThikA sahita nau adhikAra (sarga) haiN| kavi ne sarga nAma na dekara adhikAra nAma diyA hai / saMkSepa meM adhikArAnusAra kathAsAra nimnalikhita hai : pIThikA :- sarvaprathama 40 chandoM kI pIThikA hai, jisameM pArzvanAtha, paMcaparameSThI evaM jinavANI kA stavana karate hue apanI laghutA evaM pArzvacaritra kI mahattA batalAI hai / vipulAcala parvata para bhagavAna mahAvIra kA samavazaraNa AtA hai| vanamAlI rAjagRhI ke rAjA zreNika ko samavazaraNa ke Ane kI sUcanA detA hai| rAjA zreNika prajA sahita samavazaraNa meM jAkara gautama gaNadhara se pArzvanAtha caritra sunAne kA anurodha karate haiN| gaNadhara kahate haiM : prathama adhikAra :- podanapura ke rAjA aravinda ke maMtrI vizvabhUti ke do putra the- bar3A kamaTha aura choTA marUbhUti / kamaTha durjana tathA marubhUti sajjana thaa| vizvabhUti ke dIkSA lene ke bAda rAjA marUbhUti ko maMtrI banA detA hai| eka bAra jaba rAjA marUbhUti maMtrI sahita zatru se yuddha karane jAtA hai taba kamaTha nagara meM apanI manamAnI karatA hai tathA marUbhUti kI patnI ke sAtha durAcAra kara letA hai / jaba rAjA yuddha se vApisa Ate haiM taba unheM sarva vRttAnta jJAta hotA

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana hai| ve marUbhUti ke kSamA karane ke prastAva ko ThukarAte huye kamaTha kA sira muNDAkara, kAlA mu~ha karake, gadhe para biThA kara deza nikAlA de dete hai| kamaTha bhUtAcala parvata para hAtha meM zilA lekara tapa karane laga jAtA hai| jaba marUbhUti usake samAcAra lene tathA kSamA mAMgane vahA~ jAtA hai taba vaha zilA paTakakara usakI hatyA kara detA hai / hatyA uparAnta tApasiyoM dvArA nikAla diye jAne para vaha aneka duSkarma karatA huA mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai / marUbhUti ke vApisa na Ane para rAjA avadhijJAnI muni se marUbhUti ke maraNa kA sarva vRttAnta jAnakara unake upadeza dvArA kheda tyAgakara samatA bhAva dhAraNa karate haiN| dvitIya adhikAra :- marUbhUti marakara sallakI vana meM "vaghoSa" nAmaka hAthI hotA hai / rAjA aravinda muni banakara usI vana meM sthita hote haiM / "vaghoSa" unheM dekhakara krodhita ho jAtA hai, parantu unake sammukha Ane para jAtismaraNa jJAna dvArA zAnta ho jAtA hai / munirAja ke sambodhana se vaha samyagdarzanapUrvaka vrata aMgIkAra kara letA hai| kamaTha marakara kAlA sarpa banatA hai tathA hAthI ko Dasa letA hai| hAthI marakara bArahaveM svarga meM deva hotA hai| devAyu samApta kara vaha rAjA vidyutgati kI rAnI vidyutmAlA ke garbha se agnivega nAmaka putra hotA hai / vaha yauvanAvasthA meM eka munirAja ke upadeza se dIkSA lekara tapa karane lagatA hai| kAlA sarpa bharakara pA~caveM naraka meM nArakI hokara Ayu pUrNa kara ajagara hotA hai| ajagara muni ko khA letA hai / munirAja samatA pUrvaka deha tyAga solahaveM svarga meM deva bana jAte haiN| tRtIya adhikAra :- devAyu pUrNa kara ve vabravIrya rAjA tathA vijayArAnI ke yahA~ "kajanAthi" nAma ke putra hote haiN| cakravartI banakara dharmapUrvaka rAjya karate hue kSemaMkara muni ke upadeza se virakta hokara jinadIkSA le lete haiM ajagara marakara puna: chaThaveM naraka kA nArakI hokara bhIla banatA hai| bhIla pUrva janma ke vaira se vajranAbhi munirAja ko vANoM se mAra detA hai| munirAja samatA pUrvaka deha tyAga madhyama aveyaka meM ahamindra hote haiN| bhIla muni hatyA ke pApa se puna: nArakI hotA hai|

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186 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : caturtha adhikAra :- ahamindra Ayu pUrNa kara vajrabAhu rAjA kI prabhAkarI rAnI ke garbha se "Ananda" nAmaka putra hotA hai| mahAmaMDalIka rAjA banakara vaha svatakeza ko dekhane mAtra se virakta hokara dIkSA le letA hai| solahakAraNa bhAvanAoM ko bhAne se "Ananda muni" tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha karate haiM / bhIla naraka se nikalakara siMha banatA hai| siMha muni kA bhakSaNa karatA hai| muni AtmadhyAnapUrvaka zarIratyAga Anata svarga meM indra hote haiN| paMcama adhikAra :- indra kI Ayu chaha mAha zeSa rahane para saudharma indra, Anatendra kA janma banArasa meM azvasena rAjA ke yahA~ honA jAnakara kubera ko tabhI se unake yahAM paMcAzcarya karane kI tathA garbha meM Ane ke samaya zrI Adi deviyoM ko unakI rAnI vAmAdevI ke garbhazodhana kI AjJA detA hai| vaizAkha kRSNa dvitIyA ke dina Anatendra apanI Ayu pUrNa kara pArzvanAtha ke rUpa meM vAmAdevI ke garbha meM AtA hai| garbha meM Ane para indrAdi deva garbha kalyANaka manAne banArasa Ate haiM tathA garbhakalyANaka manAkara chappana kumAriyoM ko mAtA kI sevA meM niyukta kara apane apane sthAna vApisa cale jAte haiN| SaSTha adhikAra :- garbha ke nau mAha pUrNa hone para pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI ko "pArzvanAtha" kA janma hotA hai / pArzvanAtha ke janma ke dasa atizayoM dvArA unakA janma huA jAna indrAdi saparivAra janmakalyANaka manAne Ate haiM / pArzvanAtha kA merU parvata para janmAbhiSeka karake vastrAbhUSaNa se alaMkRta kara mAtA pitA ko sauMpate haiM tathA janmakalyANaka kA niyoga pUrNa kara vApisa cale jAte haiN| - saptama adhikAra :- pArzvanAtha devakumAroM ke sAtha bAlakriDAe~ karate hue vRddhi ko prApta hote haiM / ye ATha varSa meM aNuvrata dhAraNa kara lete haiM / siMha marakara nArakI hotA hai| vaha naraka se nikalakara kaI janma dhAraNa karane ke pazcAt pArzvanAtha kA nAnA hotA hai| pArzvanAtha devakumAroM ke sAtha bAlakrIDAeM karate hue vRddhi ko prApta hote haiM / ye ATha varSa meM aNuvata dhAraNa kara lete hai| eka dina jaba pArzvanAtha vanavihAra ke liye jAte haiM, taba nAnA ko paMcAgni tapa karate hue dekhakara agni meM lakar3I DAlane kA manA karate haiN| krodhita hokara nAnA dvArA lakar3I ke phAr3ane para usameM se nAga nAgina nikalate haiN| pArzvanAtha ke sambodhana dvArA ve donoM svarga meM dharaNendra, padyAvatI bana jAte haiN|

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187 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana yuvA hone para pArzvanAtha pitA ke bahuta Agraha karane para bhI vivAha nahIM karate haiM aura tIsa varSa kI yauvanAvasthA meM vairAgya ko prApta hote haiN| pArzvanAtha ko vairAgya huA jAna sabhI deva dIkSA kalyANaka manAne hetu banArasa Ate hai / deva pArzvanAtha ko pAlakI meM baiThAkara vana meM le jAte haiN| vahA~ ve vastrAbhUSaNa chor3akara kezaloMca kara digambara dIkSA lete haiN| deva pArzvanAtha ke kezoM ko kSIrasAgara meM DAla dIkSA kalyANa kA niyoga pUrA kara apane-apane sthAnoM ko cale jAte haiN| aSTama adhikAra :- pArzvanAtha saMyama kI vizeSa sAdhanA se mana: paryayajhAna prApta kara lete haiM / gulakheTapura ke rAjA brahmadatta ke yahAM unakA AhAra hone para paMcAzcarya hote haiN| AhAra lekara vana meM Akara prabhu dhyAnastha ho jAte haiN| pArzvanAtha kA nAna' apane kRtaga se "saMvara" nAmaka jyotiSI deva hotA hai| AkAza mArga se gamana karate samaya usakA vimAna dhyAnastha pArzvanAtha ke Upara ruka jAtA hai| vaha apane avadhijJAna se pUrva vaira kA smaraNa kara pArzvanAtha kA tapa bhaMga karane ke liye varSA, AMdhI, tUphAna, patthara, DarAvane rUpa evaM AvAjoM dvArA ghora upasarga karatA hai; jisase dharaNendra kA Asana kampAyamAna hotA hai| vaha padmAvatI sahita pArzvanAtha kI rakSA ke liye AtA hai tathA Upara phaNamaNDapa banA letA hai| AtmadhyAna kI sthiratA meM kSapakazreNI ArohaNa kara cAra ghAti karmoM kA nAza kara pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna kI prApti ho jAtI hai| kevalajJAna ke dasa atizayoM dvArA pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna huA jAna indrAdi saparivAra jJAnakalyANaka manAne Ate haiN| indra kI AjJA se kubera samavazaraNa (dharmasabhA) kI racanA karatA hai| sabhI deva aneka prakAra se bhagavAna kI stuti karate hue samavazaraNa meM yathAsthAna baiThate haiN| __ navama adhikAra :- samavazaraNa ke madhya virAjamAna pArzvanAtha jina se "svayaMbhU" nAmaka gaNadhara aneka prazna karate haiM; jinake uttarasvarUpa divyadhvani dvArA "pArzvaprabhu" heya, jJeya, upAdeya, chahadravya, sAtatatva, nau padArtha, paMcAstikAya, samyagdarzanAdi kA svarUpa batalAte haiN| use sunakara aneka jIva dharmamArga meM lagate haiN| "saMvara" nAmaka jyotiSI deva bhI apanI bhUla para pazcAtApa karatA huA dharma meM laga jAtA hai| kucha kama 70 varSa taka pArzvanAtha kAzI, kauzala, magadha, pAMcAla, mAlava, aMga, vaMga Adi aneka dezoM meM vihAra karate tathA dharmopadeza dete hue anta meM sammedazikhara pahu~cakara yoganirodha karake sampUrNa karmoM kA nAzakara nirvANa prApta kara lete haiM pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa huA jAna indrAdi

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188 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : nirvANa kalyANaka manAne Ate haiN| agnikumAra deva, apane mukuTa se nikalI agni dvArA jinadeha kA dahanakara nirdhANakalyANaka kA niyoga pUrA kara apane-apane sthAnoM ko cale jAte haiN| ___ isa adhikAra ke anta meM kavi ne aneka prakAra se dharma kI mahimA batAte hue vairabhAva chor3akara sabase maitrI karane kA upadeza bhI diyA hai tathA apanI laghutA pradarzita karate hue grantha samApta karane kI tithi kA ullekha kiyA hai| 2. kathAnaka kI sargabaddhatA evaM chandabaddhatA :- pArzvapurANa purANa na hokara mahAkAvya hai / usakA kathAnaka avazya hI paurANika hai| isameM pArzvanAtha ke aneka pUrva bhavoM se lekara mokSaprApti taka kI kathA niyojita huI hai| samagra kathAnaka meM pArzvanAtha ke caritra kA citraNa huA hai / nAyaka pArzvanAtha ke jIvana se sambandhita jitane bhI avAntara prasaMga aura ghaTanAtha haiM una sabhI se bhUlakathA paripuSTaM huI hai| pArzvapurANa meM "sarga" ke sthAna para "adhikAra* nAma diyA gyaa| isameM kula nau adhikAra haiN| pratyeka adhikAra eka dUsare se jur3A hai / ye adhikAra Apasa meM jur3akara kathAnaka ko gati pradAna karate haiN| prathama adhikAra meM pUrva pIThikA hai| daNDI ke anusAra-mahAkAvya kA prArambha AzIrvAda, namaskAra yA vastu nirdeza dvArA honA cAhiye / "pAzavapurANa" kA prArambha namaskAra yA stuti dvArA huA hai / sarvaprathama pArzvanAtha kI stuti kI gii| pazcAt pA~coM parameSThiyoM evaM jinavANI kI stuti yA stavana kiyA gayA hai| kacha AcArya mahAkAvya meM darjana-nindA aura sajjana prazaMsA kA honA svIkAra karate hai| pAvapurANa ke prArambha meM jinakathA zravaNa kI mahattA ke rUpa meM durjananindA aura sajjana prazaMsA kI gaI hai| kAvya kA nAma nAyaka ke nAma para rakhA gayA hai tathA adhikAroM ke nAma mukhya viSayavastu yA ghaTanAvarNana ke AdhAra para rakhe gaye hai| yathA - marUbhUtibhavavarNanaM nAma prathama adhikAra, gajasvargagamana vidhAdharabhavavidyutaprabhameva bhavavarNanaM nAma dvitIyodhikAra vajranAbhi-ahamindrasukha bhillanArakadu: khavarNanaM nAma tRtIyodhikAraH ityAdi / isa prakAra pratyeka adhikAra kA nAma usameM varNita viSayavastu ko bhalIbhA~ti spaSTa karatA hai / nau adhikAroM meM likhA gayA pArzvapurANa kA kathAnaka pUrNata: sargabaddha hai / vividha chandoM meM likhA hone se kathAnaka chandabaddha 1. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 1 2. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 1--2

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 189 bhI hai| isameM kiyA gayA chandoM kA prayoga rAmacaritamAnasa jaisA nizcita yA vizeSa yojanAnusAra na hokara svatantra evaM icchAnusAra hai / isameM prayukta chanda dohA, caupAI, chappaya, soraThA, ghanAkSarI, cAla, padarI, cAmara, kusumalatA, narendra, jogIrAsA, somAvatI, belIcAla, aDilla, harigIta, DhAla ityAdi aneka haiN| aneka adhikAroM evaM chandoM meM likhA gayA pAzvapurANa kA kathAnaka sargabaddha evaM chandabaddha hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra- "mahAkAvya ATha sargoM se bar3A aura aneka vRttoM se yukta honA cAhie" isa kasauTI para pArzvapurANa pUrI taraha kharA utaratA hai| 3. kathApravAha yA sambandhanirvAha :* mahAkAvya meM kathApravAha yA sambandha-nirvAha kA bar3A mahattva hotA hai| isake lie prathama, kathAnaka meM eka prasaMga dUsare prasaMga se sambaddha ho| dUsarA, unakI prAsaMgika kathAe~ AdhikArika kathA ke sAtha acchI taraha jur3I huI hoM, ve mukhya vastu ko agrasara karane meM, usake vikAsa meM sahAyaka hoN| usakI pratyeka ghaTanA pratyeka pAtra aura pratyeka varNana aisA honA cAhie, jo AdhikArika kathA kI gati meM sahAyatA kreN| ve Upara se Aropita pratIta na ho, kathA ke abhinna aMga bana kara aaye| ina donoM dRSTiyoM se "pArdapurANa" kA kathAnaka saphala hai| usakA sambandha nirvAha saphala hai - eka prasaMga ke bAda dUsarA prasaMga sahaja hI AtA gayA hai| kathA kA tAra na to kahIM TUTA hai aura na aisA lagatA hai ki vividha prasaMgoM ko sAyAsa saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai| kavi aneka sthaloM para kathAtmaka prasaMgoM ko adhika vistAra dekara aura lambe varNanoM meM ulajhakara bhI sambandha nirvAha kI rakSA karane meM samartha rahA hai / ' kahIM kahIM pAThaka sambandha sUtra TaTolane meM baicena ho uThatA hai| kathAnaka meM bhagnadoSa to nahIM, parantu usake santulana para praznacihna avazya lagAyA jA sakatA hai| yadyapi antima sarga meM tIna cauthAI aMza kI yojanA anAvazyaka lagatI hai, phira bhI mUla kathAvastu aura nAyaka se usakA sambandha vicchinna nahIM ho pAyA hai| 1. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 14-16 (cakravartI ko sampadA kA varNana) 2. vahI adhikAra 5 pRSTha 41-42 (tIna loka kA varNana) 3. pAvapurANa - pUdharadAsa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 80-81

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190 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : pUrvajanmoM kI kathAyojanA dvArA pAThaka kA kotUhalavardhana to hotA hai, parantu isase prabandhAtmakatA ko Thesa pahu~catI hai| prabandha kI saphalatA meM yaha prakriyA doSapUrNa na hokara bhI nirdoSa nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai| kavi ne kathAprasaMgoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM kI ora dhyAna diyA hai; parantu vaha paramparAgata rUr3hiyoM ke moha se pIchA nahIM chur3A sakA hai / phalata: kAvya ke kathAnaka meM pUrNa santulana evaM kasAvaTa kA AvirbhAva nahIM ho sakA hai| "pArzvapurANa" kA kathApravAha sAmAnyatayA kahIM bhaMga nahIM hotA hai, parantu jahA~ kavi kathAnaka ke bahAne siddhAnta kI carcA karane lagatA hai tathA dharmopadeza dene lagatA hai, vahA~ kathApravAha zithila avazya ho jAtA hai| siddhAnta-nirUpaNa aura upadeza-ka ciya hI tAsa pramAha jI se boSa hai, parantu kula milAkara kathApravAha meM nairantarya hai, satat gati hai, jisase vaha apane lakSya taka tIvra gati se pahuMcane meM pUrNata: samartha hai| 4. anviti evaM prabhAva (mArmika sthala) :- mahAkAvya meM eka ora ghaTanAoM kI susambaddha zrRMkhalA hotI hai to dUsarI ora aise prasaMgoM kA samAveza hotA hai, jo pAThaka ke hRdaya ko sparza kara sakeM, use nAnA bhAvoM kA rasAtmaka anubhava karA sakeM usakI rAgAtmaka vRtti ko lIna karane kI kSamatA rakheM / "pArzvapurANa" kA kathAnaka sugaThita evaM susambaddha hai / kavi dvArA prastuta kathAnaka itanA sugaThita hai ki kisI eka ghaTanA ke abhAva yA parivartana se sampUrNa kathAsUtra TUTa sakatA hai| eka ghaTanA ke bAda dUsarI ghaTanA yA eka prasaMga ke bAda dUsarA prasaMga isa prakAra ba~dhA huA hai ki usameM kisI prakAra parivartana nahIM ho sakatA hai| udAharaNArtha - prathama adhikAra ke anta meM kamaTha dvArA marUbhUti kI hatyA kA varNana hai - "ihi vidhi pApI kamaTha ne, hatyA karI mhaan|" tathA dUsare adhikAra ke prArambha meM - "isa bhAMti taje marUbhUti prAna |ab suno kathA Age sujAna / / "tisa kathAnaka Arata dhyAna doSa, upajyoM vanahastI "vajraghoSa"- marUbhUti se marakara "knaghoSa" nAmaka hAthI ke rUpa meM janma lene kA varNana hai| isa 1. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA, adhikAra 1 pRSTha 9 2 evaM 3. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA, adhikAra 2 pRSTha 9

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana prakAra eka ghaTanA dUsarI ghaTanA se pUrNataH sambaddha hai / kavi kI ghaTanA gumphanakalA kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki usane apane kathAnaka meM pArzvanAtha ke dasa janmoM kI kathA ko vyavasthita rUpa pradAna kiyA hai tathA pArzvanAtha ke janma meM hone vAle tIrthaMkaratva sUcaka paMcakalyANakoM ko susambaddha zrRMkhalA pradAna kI hai| 191 - pArzvapurANa ke kathAnaka ko hama do bhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM itivRttAtmaka aura rasAtmaka / itivRta kA kArya una paristhitiyoM evaM ghaTanAoM kA nirmANa karanA tathA sUcanA denA hotA hai, jinameM pAtra apane bhAvoM kI vizada vyaMjanA kara skeN| rasapUrNa sthaloM kA kArya pAThaka ke hRdaya meM rasa kI gaharI anubhUti jagAnA hai| kore itivRttAtmaka sthala rasa kI sRSTi nahIM kara sakate haiN| mahAkAvya meM vAstavika mahattva to una rasAtmaka sthaloM kA hotA hai, jo kathAnaka ke bIcabIca meM Ate rahate haiM, aura jisake prabhAva se sampUrNa kathA meM rasAtmakatA A jAtI hai / itivRtta pAThaka kI kathAnaka ko jAnane kI icchA kI santuSTi karatA haiM to rasAtmaka sthala usake hRdaya kI vRttiyoM ko lIna kara use rasamagna banAte haiN| pArzvapurANa meM aise aneka sthala haiM; jo bahuta hI marmasparzI evaM rasapUrNa haiN| tIrthaMkara ke garbha meM Ane, janma lene, tapa ke liye jAne, kevalajJAna ke utpanna hone aura mokSa prApta karane ke avasara para jo utsava manAye jAte haiM, unheM kalyANaka kahate haiN| kalyANa karane vAle hone se unakI "kalyANaka" saMjJA sArthaka hai / "pArzvapurANa meM bhUdharadAsa ne pratyeka kalyANaka kA pRthak pRthak sargoM meM varNana kiyA hai tathA eka-eka kalyANaka meM eka-eka sarga pUrA kiyA I ina pA~coM kalyANakoM meM garbha aura janma kalyANaka kA sarasa aura manohArI varNana kiyA hai / jo sthala rasapUrNa aura mArmika bana par3e haiM, ve haiM - rucikavAsinI deviyoM dvArA mAtA kI sevA, sadyajAta bAla tIrthaMkara kA pANDuka zilA para janmAbhiSeka, 2 indra ko tANDava nRtya tathA bAlaka pArzvanAtha kI bAlakrIr3Ae~ / ' 1 1. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA, adhikAra 5 pRSTha 49 2. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA, adhikAra 6 pRSTha 54-55 3. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA, adhikAra 6 pRSTha 57-58 4. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA, adhikAra 7 pRSTha 59

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192 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : ina sthaloM ke atirikta kathAnaka ke bIca-bIca meM AyI huI sUktiyA~ evaM nItiyA~ ' kathA sambaddha hone ke sAtha-sAtha atyanta marmasparzI evaM prabhAvI bana par3I haiN| kathAnaka ko sugaThita aura sugumphita hone ke kAraNa usakA prabhAva sarvatra vidyamAna hai| yaha prabhAva pAThaka ko bAMdhe rakhakara Age par3hane ke liye bAdhya karatA hai / kavi ne zuSka evaM nIrasa saiddhAntika viSayoM ko bhI apanI sAhityika pratibhA se sarasa evaM bodhagamya banA diyA hai| kathAnaka kA prabhAva asat para sat kI vijaya athavA avaguNoM para sadguNoM kI vijaya ke rUpa meM sarvatra jhalakatA huA dikhAI detA hai| kavi dvArA varNita vividha jIvana-dazAoM aura mAnava sambandhoM ke citraNa se prabhAvita hotA huA. pAThaka rasamagna ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra pArzvapurANa anviti aura prabhAva se yukta kathAnaka hai| anviti evaM prabhAva kI dRSTi se hI pArzvapurANa meM kavi ne dRzyoM ke sthAna aura unakI vizeSatAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara varNanoM kI yojanA kI hai| kAvya meM vividha vastuvarNanoM jaise - dvIpa, nagara, vana, bAga, rAja-darabAra, svarga, naraka, tIna loka, vastrAbhUSaNa, caityAlaya, jinapratimA, samavazaraNa, paMcakalyANaka, pazupakSI, indra, deva, nArakI, bAla-yuvA-vRddhAvasthA, pUrvabhava, cakravartI kA vaibhava Adi kitane hI hRdayagrAhI varNanoM kA samAveza hai| yaha saba varNana deza, kAla, paristhiti, kathAyojanA Adi se pUrNa mela khAtA hai| isa varNana meM kahIM bhI aprAsaMgikatA aura asvAbhAvikatA dRSTigata nahIM hotI hai / udAharaNArtha - kuMkumAdi lepana bahu liye| prabhu ke deha vilepana kiye|| ihi zobhA isa osara maaNjh| kiyo nIlagiri phUlI sAMjha // aura siMgAra sakala saha kiyo| tilaka trilokanAtha ke diyo / manimaya mukuTa zacI sira dhro| cUr3Amani mAthe bistro|| 1. pArzvapurANa - bhUdharadAsa, kalakattA, adhikAra 1 pRSTha 5, 6, 7, 8 tathA adhikAra-4 pRSTha 26 evaM 29

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana locana aMjana diyo anUpa / lahajasvAmi duga aMjita rUpa // manikuNDala kAnana vistare kiyo baMda sUraja avatare // ' yaha indrANI dvArA bAlaka pArzvanAtha ko alaMkRta karane kA dRzya hai / pArzvakumAra rAjaputra hai aura rAjaputra kA bahumUlya AbhUSaNoM se sajAyA jAnA asvAbhAvika nahIM hai / yadyapi yahA~ indrANI kI upasthiti ke kAraNa alaukikatA kA samAveza huA hai, phira bhI avatAra Adi (tIrthaMkara Adi) sevA meM alaukika zaktiyoM kI upasthiti janavizvAsa ke anukUla hai / ataH ukta dRzya varNana, kathA yojanA, prabandhanirvAha, sthAna, kAla, paristhiti Adi kA pUrNa sAmaMjasya lie hue haiN| isI prakAra pratyakSa na dikhane ke kAraNa svarga-naraka ke dRzya kAlpanika haiM kintu lokavizvAsa ke anusAra svarga sukhamaya upAdAnoM kA evaM naraka vedanA, kaSTa aura ghRNA ke upAdAnoM kA samUha hotA hai| ye varNana vistRta hote hue bhI rasa ke srota haiN| 2 gajarUpa ceSTAoM evaM krIr3AoM kA dRzya citropama aura sthAnIya vizeSatAoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa bahuta hI sarasa bana par3A hai - ati unnata mastaka zikhara jAsa, madajIvana jharanA jharahiM tAsa / / dIsaiM tamavarana vizAla deha mAno girijaMgama durasa yeha / jAko tana narakha zikha chobhavanta, masulopaya dIratha dhakladanta // madabhIje jhalakeM jugala gaNDa, china chinasoM pherai suMDa daNDa || kabahI bahu khaMDai birachabeli, kabahI rajaraMjita karahiM keli // 3 4 bahI saravarameM tirahiM jAya, kabahI jala chirakai mattakAya / / kabahI mukhapakaMja tori deya, kabahIdaha kAdo aMga leya // isI prakAra vanavarNana bhI saMkSipta kintu sarasa haiM - ati saghana sallakI vana vizAla jaha~ tarUvara tuMga tamAla tAla / bahu belajAla chAye nikuMja, kahiM sUkhi pare tina patrapuMja // 1. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 6 pRSTha 55 2. (ka) pArzvapurANa (kha) pArzvapurANa 3 evaM 4. pArzvapurANa * kalakattA, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 37-38 193 - kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 22 se 24 kalakattA, adhikAra 2 pRSTha 9

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194 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kahi sikatAthala kahi zuddha bhUmi, kahi kapi tarUkhArana rahe jhuumi| kahiM sajalathAna kahiM giri utaMga, kahiM rIcha rojha vichareM kurNg||' yaha vana kA svAbhAvika varNana hai, jisakI yojanA paristhiti nirmANa ke lie kI gaI hai| yahA~ kavi ne prAkRtika vaizya ko bhalIbhAMti sajAne kI ceSTA kI hai| ___ kavi kI varNanakSamatA adbhuta hai / vastu varNanoM ko dRzyarUpoM meM sAmane rakhane meM vaha bar3A saphala huA hai| prAya: dRzya prasaMgoM aura paristhitiyoM ke anukUla evaM sthAna va kAlagata vizeSatAoM se yukta haiN| udAharaNa ke lie bhUtAcala parvata para aneka tapasviyoM dvArA vibhinna tapoM ke rUpa meM kI jAne vAlI ceSTAoM ko liyA jA sakatA hai - keI rahe adhomukha jhuul| dhUvA pAna karai adhamUla / / keI UrdhamukhI aghor| dekhe sarva gagana kI ora / / keI nibasaiM UrathabAhi / duvidha dayAsoM paracai nAhi // keI paMca agni jhala shaiN| keI sadA mauna mukha rhaiN| keI baiThe bhasma caDhAya / keI mRgachAlA tana laay|| nakha bar3hAya keI dukha bhareM / keI jaTA bhAra sira gharai / / yoM ajJAna tapalIna malIna / kareM kheda paramArathahIna / / ' isa prakAra kathAnaka aneka vizeSatAoM se mukta hokara prabhAvapUrNa bana par3A hai| 5. mahAnatA evaM purANasammatatA - "pArzvapurANa" ke nAyaka "pArzvanAtha" jainiyoM ke teIsaveM tIrthakara mAne jAte haiN| ve eka mahAna vyaktitva ko liye hue haiN| unake mahAn vyaktitva ko nirUpita karane vAlA hone se "pArzvapurANa" kA kathAnaka mahAna bana par3A hai| kavi ne eka aise yugapuruSa ko apane kAvya kA nAyaka banAyA hai, jo jIvana kI aneka viSama paristhitiyoM meM sugamatA se gujarakara eka AdarzabhUmi para khar3A ho jAtA hai| yaha Adarza usa yuga ke liye bhI Adarza kI preraNA detA 1. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 2 pRSTha 9 2. pAvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 5 pRSTha 49 3. pAvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 1 pRSTha 7

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 195 hai / kavi ne isa Adarza kA yazogAna pArzvapurANa ke kathAnaka meM karake kathAnaka ko mahAnatA ke zikhara para pratiSThita kiyA hai| kathAnaka kA artha hai- ghaTanAoM kA samanvaya / mahAna kathAnaka kA artha hai mahAna ghaTanAoM kA samanvaya / ghaTanAoM kI mahAnatA se tAtparya usake prabala prabhAva evaM dezakAla meM usake vistAra se hai / koI ghaTanA tabhI mahAna ho sakatI hai, jaba usakA prabhAva gaharA ho aura vaha sArvabhaumika aura sArvakAlika hone kI kSamatA apanI meM rakhatI ho / kathAnaka kI pariNati zubha aura maMgalamaya honA bhI kathAnaka kI mahAnatA ke lie Avazyaka hai| isa dRSTi se 'pArzvapurANa kA kathAnaka uparyukta sabhI vizeSatAoM se yukta hai| usameM spaSTata: eka aise kathAnaka ko liyA gayA hai, jo mAnava jIvana ke caramalakSya mokSa ko kendra bindu banAkara gati prApta karatA hai| isalie kathAnaka meM sarvatra bhautika sukha-samRddhi ko puNya kA phala nirUpati kara paramAnanda (mokSa) prApti ke lie bAdhaka mAnakara heya prarUpita kiyA gayA hai tathA AdhyAtmika pUrNatA ko jIvana kA carama lakSya mAnane kA sandeza diyA gayA hai| __"pArzvapurANa" meM jo ghaTanAe~ varNita haiM, unakA kSetra bAhya saMsAra nahIM; apitu antarjagata hai / mAnavacetanA hI vaha antajargata hai, jahA~ acche bure sabhI vikAra janma lete haiM / antacetanA meM uddIpta rAgadveSamayI vRttiyA~ samagra jIvana para gaharA prabhAva DAlatI haiM / rAgadveSAtmaka vRttiyoM ke isa gahare prabhAva se "pArzvapurANa" ke kathAnaka meM bhI mahAnatA A gayI hai / ina vRttiyoM meM baira kI vRtti ko kamaTha kA jIva marUbhUti ke janma se AgAmI kaI janmoM meM lie rahatA hai, jabaki pArzvanAtha kA jIva pratyeka janma meM kSamA dhAraNa karate hai| isa prakAra vaira aura kSamA kI vRtti ko dhAraNa kiye hue kathAnaka vahA~ gharamAvasthA ko prApta hotA hai, jahA~ antima janma meM pArzvanAtha "saMvara" nAmaka jyotiSI deva ke upasarga kiye jAne para bhI tIrthakara bana jAte hai aura "saMvara" deva apanI karanI para pazcAtApa karatA huA pArzvanAtha kI zaraNa le letA hai| kathAnaka meM tIrthakara ke paMcakalyANakoM ko bhI mahAna avasara mAnakara jor3a diyA hai, jisase bhI kathAnaka mahAnatA se yukta ho gayA hai| kathAnaka ko mahAna banAne meM pArzvanAtha kA pUrvajanmoM meM mahAmaMDalIka rAjA, cakravartI rAjA, indra, ahamindra bananA tathA

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19 mahAkavi pUdharadAsa : pArzvanAtha ke janma meM samavazaraNa Adi bAhA vidhati se yukta tIrthakara pada pAnA hai| kathAnaka kI garimA ina bAhya bhautika upalabdhiyoM se utanI nahIM hai, jitanI vItarAgI hokara ina sabase nirlipta rahane meM hai / dUsare ko jItane yA prApta karane kI apekSA apane ko jItanA yA prApta karanA, kaThina kintu sarvAdhika gauravapUrNa hai| isI garimA ko lie hue "pArzvapurANa" kA kathAnaka mahAna kathAnaka bana gayA hai| bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita mahAkAvya kA nAma "pArzvapurANa" hai " pArzva" zabda kA artha tIrthakara pArzvanAtha tathA "purANa" zabda kA artha purAtana puruSoM kA caritra hai / lAkSaNika artha meM prAcIna AkhyAna ko bhI purANa kahA jAtA hai| jaina purANoM kA pratipAdya lagabhaga samAna rahatA hai| jainapurANoM kA pratipAdya viSaya-kSetra (tIna loka), (kAla tIna kAla), tIrtha (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra), satpuruSa (triSaSThizalAkA mahApuruSa), satpuruSoM kI pApa se puNya kI ora pravRtti Adi hai| "pAzavapurANa" kA pratipAdya bhI uparyukta sabhI haiM jinakA vivecana yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai| "pArzvapurANa" kA kathAnaka mahAna hone ke sAtha-sAtha purANasammata bhI hai| bhUdharadAsa ne "pArzvapurANa" kI racanA pUrva ke aneka purANoM se AdhAra grahaNa karake kI hai| unake pUrva aneka purANoM meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvana caritra para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| unhoMne apane "pArzvapurANa" meM unhIM saba purANoM se sammata kathAnaka prastuta kiyA hai / bhUdharadAsa ke pUrvavartI katipaya purANa nimnalikhita haiM; jinase unhoMne apane kathAnaka ko grahaNa kiyA hai - 1. jinasena dvitIya, pAyAbhyudaya - navIM zatI 2. guNabhadra, uttarapurANa - navIM zatI 3. padmakIrti, pArzvapurANa - dasavIM zatI 4. dAmanandi, purANasaMgraha - dasavIM zatI 5. malliSeNa, mahApurANa - dasavIM zatI 1. paM. gulAbacandra- purANasAra saMgraha, prastAvanA pRSTha 5

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197 12. eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 6. puSpadanta kavi, mahApurANatisaTTimahApurisa - dasavIM zatI 7. vAdirAja dvitIya, pArzvanAtha caritra - gyArahavIM zatI 8. padmakIrti, pArasaNAha cariu - gyArahavIM zatI 9. kavi zrIdhara dvitIya, pAsaNAha cariu - bArahavIM zatI 10. paM. AzAdhara, triSaSTismRtizAstra - terahavIM zatI 11. zAha ThAkura, mahApurANakakilA - terahavIM zatI kavi tejapAla, pAsapurANa - pandrahavIM zatI / 13. zubhacandra bhaTTAraka, pArzvanAtha kAvya paMjikA -solahavI zatI 14. vAdicandra, pArzvapurANa - solahavIM shtii| . 15. candrakIrti pArzvanAtha purANa - sattarahavIM zatI / "pArzvapurANa" kA kathAnaka uparyasta parANoM para AdhArita hone se purANasammata hI hai| isakI puSTi kavi ke nimnAMkita kathana se bhI hotI hai - prabhu caritra misa kimapi yaha kIno prabhu gunagAna zrI pArasa parameza ko pUrana bhayo purAna / / pUrava carita vilaukikai bhUdharabuddhi smaan| bhASAbaMdha prabandha yaha kiyo Agare dhAna / / 1 tullaka jinendra varNI to bhUdharadAsakRta pArzvapurANa ko pAkIrti (samaya 942 IsvI) dvArA racita "pArzvapurANa" kA bhASAnuvAda taka mAnate haiN| isa prakAra bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita pArzvapurANa kA kathAnaka pUrNata: purANasammata hai| 6. paramparAgatatA evaM navIna udbhAvanAeM - yadyapi kavi ne pUrvapurANoM meM varNita pArzvanAtha ke sampUrNa caritra ko moTe taura para grahaNa kiyA hai tathApi use apanI kalpanA kI kaMcI se saMvArA bhI hai| tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke paramparAgata AkhyAna meM apanI maulika udbhAvanAoM ko samAhita kara naye rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai ata: pArzvapurANa kA kathAnaka paramparAgata hone ke sAtha-sAtha navIna udbhAvanAoM se yukta bana par3A hai| 1. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 95 2. kSullaka jinendra varNI- jinendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 3, pRSTha 56

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198 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kavi dvArA paramparAgata varNana ke rUpa meM pUrva ke nau janmoM kA vistRta vivecana tathA vartamAna janma meM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke garbha meM Ane ke chaha mAha pUrva se janma hone taka ratnoM kI varSA honA, garbha meM Ane ke samaya mAtA ko solaha svapna dikhanA, rucikavAsinI deviyoM dvArA mAtA kI sevA karanA, janma hone para dasa atizaya honA tIrthakara ke zarIra kA eka hajAra ATha lakSaNoM sahita honA, devoM dvArA garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna, nirvANa - paMcakalyANaka manAye jAnA, kevalajJAna hone para dasa atizaya honA, devakRta caudaha atizaya honA, ATha prAtihArya honA ityAdi sabhI kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| maulika yA navIna udbhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM kavi ne pUrvabhavAvaliyoM (pUrva janmA) ke citraNa dvArA kathA kI rocakatA, AtmotthAna aura Atmapatana kI parAkASThA, tathA AtmavizvAsa kI aneka bhUmiyoM kA kathana kiyA hai| puNya aura pApa ke phalasvarUpa prApta hone vAle svarga va naraka kA vistRta vivecana, kathAnaka meM zAntarasa kI pramukhatA aura dharmabhAvanA kI adhikatA, jainadharma evaM darzana ke pramukha viSayoM va tattvoM ke varNana kI bahulatA lokoktiyoM evaM muhAvaroM ke prayoga dvArA nIti aura vyavahAra ke kathanoM kA samAveza, caritra citraNa meM atimAnavIya (indra, indrANI, deva, deviyAM kA kathana) tathA mAnavIya pAtroM kA varNana mAnavIya pAtroM meM uttama (pArzvanAtha) madhyama (aneka rAjapuruSa) aura jaghanya (kamaTha kA jIva) pAtroM ke caritroM kA varNana, nAyaka pArzvanAtha ke caritra ke mAdhyama se bhakti bhAvanA kI abhivyakti tathA bhaktibhAvanA ke dvArA dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika bhAvanA kI puSTi, saMsAra, zarIra evaM bhogoM se virakti evaM naitika mUlyoM Adi aneka viSayoM para bala dete hue sArvakAlika sArvabhaumika evaM sArvajanika AdarzoM kI preraNA, rasanirUpaNa dvArA rati, vAtsalya, niveda, krodha, ghRNA Adi sabhI mAnavIya bhAvoM kA varNana, prakRti citraNa ke antargata munirAja dvArA bAvIsa parISahoM ko sahana karane arthAt una para vijaya prApta karane ke sandarbha meM prakRti yA prAkRtika tattvoM kA viziSTa varNana evaM zAntarasa ko uddIpta karane vAle aneka prAkRtika dRzyoM yA rUpoM kA varNana, sampUrNa bhAvoM, vicAroM, kathyoM yA varNya-viSayoM kI pracalita evaM sAhitya kI bhASA (bajabhASA) meM abhivyakti,

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 199 brajabhASA meM saralatA, sahajatA, mAdhurya, lAlitya, saukumArya, kalAtmakatA Adi aneka guNoM kA honA, loka jIvana ke viziSTa zabdoM, muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM, upamAnoM Adi ke prayoga dvArA bhASA kI viziSTa samRddhi aneka chandoM, rAga-rAganiyoM evaM zailiyoM kA prayoga, DhAla ke rUpa meM dezI saMgIta kA vidhAna, loka saMgIta ke antargata Teka zailI kI pramukhatA Adi aneka vizeSatAoM ko navIna udbhAvanAoM ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA jA sakatA hai / isa prakAra bhUdharadAsa dvArA varNita samagra viSayavastu paramparAgata hokara bhI maulika hai| ata: usameM paramparAgatatA aura navIna udbhAvanAe~ - donoM kA viziSTa sthAna bana gayA hai| dUsaroM zabdoM meM bhUdharadAsa ke varNya-viSaya (kathAnaka) ko paramparAnumodita jAnakara bhI maulika mAnanA caahie| 7. prabandha kAvya kI dRSTi se kathAnaka para vicAra evaM prabandha kI vizeSatAe~ - bhAratIya evaM pAzcAtya sabhI AcArya isa sambandha meM eka mata hai ki prabandhakAvya kI kathAvastu avyAhata, suzrRMkhalita evaM suvinyasta ho, usakI prabandha dhArA aTUTa ho| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata aura pazcima meM isake lie sargabaddha honA Avazyaka batalAyA hai / prabandhakAvya ke kathAnaka kI saphalatA ke lie nATyasandhiyoM kA vidhAna honA athavA kathAnaka kA Adi, madhya aura anta suspaSTa honA Avazyaka hai| "pArzvapurANa" meM nATyasandhiyoM kA vidhAna bhale spaSTa na ho; parantu usakA Adi, madhya aura anta atyanta spaSTa hai| pUrva ke nau janmoM kI kathA Adi , vartamAna pArzvanAtha ke rUpa meM janma lenA madhya tathA tIrthakaratva prAptakara siddha bana jAnA anta hai| kathA ke Adi bhAga ke nau janmoM kI sabhI ghaTanAe~, madhya bhAga kI ghaTanAoM kI ora pravAhita hote hue anta meM kAvya ke uddezya kI prApti (pArzvanAtha ke siddha bana jAne) meM samApta hotI haiN| pArzvapurANa" kI mukhya ghaTanA yA AdhikArika kathA hai - pArzvanAtha kA tIrthakaratva prAptakara siddha honA / zeSa sabhI ghaTanAeM yA prAsaMgika kathAe~ jaise - pUrva ke nau janma, paMcakalyANakoM kA vizad vivecana, samavazaraNa pravartana dvArA dharmopadeza Adi usake irda-girda hI ghUmatI haiN| AdhikArika kathA kA Adi, madhya aura anta to suniyojita hai hI, parantu prAsaMgika kathAe~ bhI pArzvanAtha ke

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200 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: caritra ko utkarSa pradAna karane ke sAtha-sAtha mukhya kathAnaka ke sAtha ekajIva bhUdharadAsa ne "pArzvapurANa meM yatra tatra upadeza evaM jainasiddhAMtoM kA varNana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / yadyapi dhArmika upadezoM evaM saiddhAntika vivecanoM se kathAnaka ke pravAha meM bAdhA par3atI hai; parantu bhUdharadAsa "pArzvapurANa ko mahAkAvya ke sAtha-sAtha dharmagrantha bhI banAnA cAhate the kadAcit isIlie yaha zithilatA parilakSita hotI hai| bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita "pArzvapurANa" rItikAlIna mahAkAvya zrRMkhalA kI eka mahattvapUrNa kar3I hai |yh rItikAla kA zreSTha mahAkAvya hai| yaha mahAkAvya viSayaka anta: aura bAhya lakSaNoM kI kasauTI para lagabhaga pUrA utarane vAlA kAvya hai / vaha mahat nAyaka, mahaduddezya, zreSTha kathAnaka, ucca vastu-vyApAra darzana, rasAbhivyaMjanA, udAttazailI Adi kI dRSTi se saphala mahAkAvya pratIta hotA hai / yadyapi usameM svarga, naraka Adi ke lambe varNanoM se kathAnaka yatra tatra ulajha gayA hai aura usakA antima sarga dhArmika evaM dArzanika tattvoM kI atizayatA se prabandha kI bhUmi para bhArasvarUpa bana gayA hai phira bhI isa prabandha kI aneka vizeSatAe~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM, jo nimnalikhita haiM . 1. kAvya kI bhitti jainadarzana evaM jainadharma para AdhArita hai| 2. kAvya sAmAjika va rAjanaitika kama tathA paurANika dArzanika va dhArmika adhika hai| paramparApAlana ke sAtha navInatA kA samAveza hai| 4. prema, zrRMgAra ke sImita dRzya tathA bhakti va zAntarasa kI adhikatA hai| 5. nAyaka dhIrodAttaguNasamanvita tIrthakara mahApuruSa hai| 6. kAvyaracanA dvArA hiMsA para ahiMsA, asatya para satya, vaira para kSamA, rAga para virAga, pApa para puNya kI vijaya kA udghoSa kiyA gayA hai| caturvargaphalaprApti meM artha aura kAma ko hInatA tathA dharma aura mokSa ko pradhAnatA dI gaI hai|

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 201 8. viveka, dhairya, sAhasa, puruSArtha Adi se nAyaka ko abhISTaphala (mokSa) kI prApti pradarzita kI gaI hai| kathAnaka dvArA tIrthakara ke caritra kA gAna tathA unake udAtta caritra se preraNA grahaNa karane kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| 10. kAvyaracanA dvArA sadAcaraNa para bala tathA naitika AdarzoM kI sthApanA kI gaI hai| 11. dArzanika paripArzva meM tAttvika vivecana tathA zuddhAtmatattva para bala diyA gayA hai ! jJAna aura vairAgya ke preraka guru kI bhakti kI gaI hai| mAnava hRdaya ko vilor3ita karane vAle rati, niveda, krodha, ghRNA vAtsalya, bhakti Adi sabhI bhAvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| 14, kavi dvArA jaina-AsthAoM ko vyakta karate hue lokabhASA, lokachanda, lokasaMgIta evaM lokapriya kathAnaka ke mAdhyama se sAhitya sarjanA kI gaI hai| 15. sAhitya sarjanA dvArA jainadharma ke pracAra evaM prasAra meM mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyA gayA hai| 16. brajabhASA ke sahaja aura kalAtmaka - donoM rUpoM kA prastutIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| 17. kavi ne loka jIvana ke viziSTa zabdoM, muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM, upamAnoM Adi kA cayanakara bhASA kI samRddhi meM samucita yogadAna diyA hai| 18. kavi dvArA itivRtta upadeza, saMvAda yA praznottara. niSedha, prabodhana, vyaMgya yA bhartsanA, saMbodhana, mAnavIkaraNa yA mUrtikaraNa, gIta, saTeka gIta Adi aneka zailiyoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra pArzvapurANa aneka vizeSatAoM se yukta "mahAkAvya hai|

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202 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : (kha) pArzvapurANa meM caritra-citraNa caritra-citraNa mahAkAvya kA sabase mahattvapUrNa tattva hai / pAtroM ke caritra dvArA hI kathAnaka vikAsa hotA hai yA mahattva prApta karatA hai / kathAnaka kI dRSTi se mukhyata: pAtroM ke do bheda kie jAte haiM - (1) pradhAna pAtra (2) gauNa pAtra jina pAtroM se kathAnaka kA mukhya rUpa se aura sIdhA sambandha hotA hai, jo kathAnaka ko gati dete haiM yA usase vikAsa pAte haiM, unheM pradhAna pAtra kahA jAtA hai| jina pAtroM se kathAnaka kA sIdhA sambandha nahIM hotA hai aura jo kathAnaka meM pramukha pAtroM ke sAdhana banakara upasthita hote haiM, unheM gauNa pAtra kahA jAtA pradhAna pAtroM meM nAyaka, nAyikA, pratinAyaka prAtirAyikA Ate hai / kathAnaka meM sarvapradhAna pAtra, jo Arambha se anta taka kathAnaka ko apane lakSya kI ora agrasara karatA hai, kathAnaka ke sabhI tattva jise dhurI mAnakara calate haiM tathA jise phalaprApti hotI hai, vahI usakA nAyaka hotA hai| inhIM guNoM se yukta pradhAna strI-pAtra ko nAyikA kahA jAtA hai| sAmAnyata: nAyaka kI patnI yA preyasI nAyikA hotI hai, parantu yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| isI taraha kathAnaka meM nAyaka aura nAyikA ina donoM kA eka sAtha honA bhI Avazyaka nahIM hai| nAyaka ke lakSya prApti ke prayatnoM meM kucha sahAyaka aura kucha bAdhaka hote haiM, inheM pratinAyaka yA khalanAyaka tathA pratinAyikA yA khalanAyikA kahate haiN| inake atirikta anya pAtra bhI hote haiM, jinakA sambandha AdhikArika kathA se utanA ghaniSTha nahIM hotA aura jinakA praveza pradhAna pAtroM ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM hotA hai| inheM gauNa pAtra kahA jAtA hai| inakI AvazyakatA vAtAvaraNa kI gambhIratA kama karane, kathAnaka ko gati dene, anya pAtroM ke caritra ko prakAza meM lAne Adi ke lie hotI hai /

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eka samAlocanAtmaka ana 203 caritra-citraNa ke uparyukta vibhAjana ke AdhAra para "pArzvapurANa meM pradhAna aura gauNa - donoM prakAra ke pAtra milate haiN| pradhAnapAtroM meM pArzvanAtha aura saMvara nAmaka jyotiSI deva (kamaTha) ko liyA jA sakatA hai / gauNa pAtroM meM pArzvanAtha ke aneka janmoM se sambandhita mAtA-pitA, bandhu-bAndhava, mitrAdi ko liyA jA sakatA hai| pArzvanAtha ke caritra sunane ke icchuka rAjA zreNika tathA indra Adi bhI gauNa pAtroM meM gine jaaeNge| pradhAna pAtroM kA caritra-citraNa nAyaka : pArzvanAtha :- kathAnaka ke phala prApta karane vAle yA adhikArI ko nAyaka kahate hai / yaha kathAnaka kA pramukha pAtra hotA hai / kathAnaka kI sabhI ghaTanAe~ usI ke abhimukha hokara ghaTatI hai aura vahI pramukha kAryoM kA kartA hotA hai| zeSa pAtra usake sahAyaka hote haiM aura usI ke caritra ko ujAgara karate haiN| yahI sAmAjikoM ko rasadazA taka le jAtA hai| bhAratIya AcAryoM ke anusAra nAyaka cAra prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM - dhIrodAtta, dhIraprazAnta, dhIralalita aura dhiiroddht| ina cAroM meM bhAratIya kAvyazAstra ke anusAra mahAkAvya kA nAyaka dhIrodAtta honA caahie| dhIrodAtta ke lakSaNa ke sambandha meM dazarUpakakAra kA kathana hai ki *dhIrodAtta nAyaka apane saMvegoM para niyantraNa rakhane vAlA, atigambhIra, kSamAvAna, AtmazlAdhA na karane vAlA, ahaMkArazUnya evaM dRDhavrata hotA hai / " 1 dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke uparyukta guNoM ke AdhAra para pArzvanAtha dhIrodAtta nAyaka hI siddha hote haiN| pArzvanAtha ke janma meM to ve dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke guNoM se yukta hai hI; parantu kavi dvArA varNita pUrva ke nau janmoM meM bhI ve sadguNoM se yukta hI batalAye gaye haiN| pahale janma meM ve podanapura ke rAjA aravinda ke maMtrI vizvabhUti ke choTe putra marUbhUti the / unake bar3e bhAI kA nAma kamaTha thaa| marUbhUti aura kamaTha donoM sage bhAI hone para bhI una donoM ke svabhAva meM bahuta antara thaa| marUbhUti sarala pariNAmI aura sajjana thA jaba ki kamaTha kaThora pariNAmI aura durjana thA - . 1. rUpadazaka- dhanaJjaya prakAza 1, sUba 1-2 -- - - -

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204 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : "jeTho naMdana kamaTha kupUta / dUjau putra sudhI marUbhUta / / jeTho matiheto kuTila, laghusata sarala svbhaav| viSa amRta upaje jugala, vina jaladhi ke jAva / ' apanI ati sajjanatA, nIti-nipuNatA evaM saba guNoM se yuktatA ke kAraNa marUbhUti rAjA aura prajA sabako iSTa thaa| saba use bahuta cAhate the| 'kamaTha dvArA marUbhUti kI patnI ke sAtha durAcAra kara lene para bhI marUbhUti rAjA se kamaTha ko kSamA karane kI bAta kahatA hai - duja kahai sarala parinAmI / aparAdha chimA kara svAmI / ' rAjA dvArA kamaTha ko apamAnita kara deza nikAlA diye jAne para manA karane ke bAvajUda bhI marUbhUti kamaTha se milane bhUtAcala parvata para calA jAtA hai, badale meM cAhe use mRtyu kA varaNa hI kyoM na karanA par3A ho ? "barajata gayo duSTa ke pAsa, kumaraNa so saho bahu trAsa // ' isa prakAra marUbhUti ke janma meM pArzvanAtha kSamA aura udAratA ko maraNa prApta hone para bhI nahIM chor3ate haiN| dUsare janma meM ArtadhyAna ke kAraNa yadyapi ve hAthI banate haiM tathApi muni rAja ke dharmopadeza se samyagdarzana sahita saMyama kA pAlana karate hue usakAya ke jIvoM kI hiMsA nahIM karate tathA samatA bhAva dhAraNa karate haiM "aba hastI saMjama saadhe| trasa jIva na bhUla virAdhai // samabhAva chimA ura aane| ari mitra barAbara jAne / ' tIsare janma meM ve svarga meM deva banate haiN| devocita adbhuta aizvaryayukta hokara bhI ve pUjAdi zubhakAryoM meM saMlagna rahate haiM - "sadA sAsate zrI jinadhAma, pUjA karI tahA~ abhirAma / mahAmerU nandIsura Adi pUje saha jinabimba anAdi // " 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 2. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 3. pAvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 6 4, pArzva purANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 8 5. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 2, pRSTha 11 6. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 2, pRSTha 11

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 205 deva zarIra chor3akara cauthe janma meM ve vidyutarAjA kI vidyutamAlA nAma kI rAnI ke garbha se agnivega nAmaka sundara, sulakSaNavAna, somaprakRti ati pravINa evaM jinapUjA meM tatpara putra ke rUpa meM janma lete haiN|' eka dina gurUpadeza sunakara muni dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lete haiN| ajagara dvArA Dasane para samatA bhAvoM se zarIra tyAga puna: solahavA~ svarga prApta karate haiM "mirale sAdhu saMjamadharadhIra, samabhAvanatai tAjyoM zarIra / lInoM svarga solahaveM vAsa, jo nita nirUpama bhoga nivAsa // ' devazarIra ke pazcAt bajravIrya rAjA kI vijayArAnI ke yahA~ causaTha lakSaNoM se yukta vajranAbhi nAma ke putra hote haiN|' vajranAbhi cakravartI pada prApta karate haiM tathA pUjA, dAna, sAmAyika upavAsa Adi dhArmika kArya karate hue nIti se prajApAlana karate haiN|' guru kA upadeza sunakara virakta hokara nirmantha muni dIkSA le lete haiM - "guru upadezyo dharmaziromani, suni rAjA veraage| rAja ramA vanitAdika je rasa, te rasa verasa laage||' *parigrahapoTa utAri saba lIno cArita pNth| nija svabhAva meM ghira bhaye, vajanAbhi nirapantha / / " kamaTha kA jIva ajagara se nArakI banakara bhIla banatA hai tathA munirAja ko mAratA hai / munirAja samatA bhAvoM se zarIra kA tyAga karate haiM tathA svargaloka meM ahamindra pada prApta karate haiM - "dehatyAga taba bhaye munindra / madhyama praiveyaka ahamindra // ' 1, pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 2, pRSTha 12 2. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 2, pRSTha 13 3. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 2, pRSTha 14 4, pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 17 5. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 17 6. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 19 7. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 19

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06 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : ahamindra pada se cyuta hokara ve vajrabAhu rAjA tathA prabhAkarI rAnI ke AnandakumAra putra hote haiN| ve aneka lakSaNoM se yukta mahAmaMDalIka rAjA bana jAte haiN| zveta keza dekhakara rAjA sasAra eva bhogoM se viraktacitta ho jAte haiM - so lakhi seta bAla bhuupaal| bhoga udAsa bhaye tatkAla // jagatarIti saba adhira asAra / cita cita meM moha nivAra / / Ananda munirAja solahakAraNa bhAvanAoM ko bhAkara tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha karate haiM - solahakAraNa ye bhavatArana, sumarata pAvana hoya hiyo| bhAvai zrI Ananda mahAmuni, tIrthakara pada bandha kiyo|' kamaTha kA jIva siMha banakara Ananda muni kA ghAta karatA hai - "dekhi digambara kehari kopyo, pUrvabhavAntara baira rho| thAyo duSTa dahAr3a tatacchana, Ana acAnaka kaMTha gyo|| muni apane zubhabhAvoM se nahIM Digate haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa Anata svarga meM indrapada prApta karate haiM - "aMta samaya parajaMta tapodhana, zubhabhAvana soM nAhi cye| Anata nAma svarga meM svAmI, suragana pUjita indra bhye||' indra pada meM bhI ve nandIzvara dvIpa Adi jAkara darzana pUjana Adi karate haiM, tattvacarcA Adi zubhakAryoM meM apanA samaya vyatIta karate haiM - "ihavidhi vividha karai zubhakAja / mahApunya saMcai surarAja // uparyukta nau janmoM meM pArzvanAtha pratyeka janma meM dayA, kSamA, samatA, nirahaMkAra, aparigraha Adi guNoM se yukta hI dRSTigata hote haiN| pratyeka janma meM unakA caritra dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke anurUpa hI dikhalAI detA hai| indra kI Ayu ke chaha mAsa zeSa rahane para ikSvAkuvaMzIya, kAzyapagotrIya 1. pAvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 19 2, vahI, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 26 4. vahI, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 36 6. vahI, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 40 3. vahI, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 29 5. vahI, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 37

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 207 vArANasI nareza azvasena ke yahA~ kubera dvArA pratidina sAr3he tIna karor3a sloM kI varSA kI jAtI hai - *sADhe tIna karor3a paravAna, yo nita baraSa ratana mhaan| 1 devoM dvArA pArzvanAtha ke garbha meM Ane ke chaha mahine pahile se paMcAzcarya kiye jAte haiM - "devana kiye chaha mAsa lo, paMcAcaraja anuup| dekhi dekhi prajA bhaI, Ananda acaraja rUpa // 2 isI prakAra garbhakAla ke nau mAha meM bhI pUrvavat paMcAzcarya hote rahate haiM "pUravavata nava mAsa loM, paMcAcaraja anuup| azvasena bhUpAlaghara, kiye dhanada sukharUpa // " pArzvanAtha ke garbha meM Ane ke pahale mahArAnI vAmAdevI ko cauthe prahara meM solaha svapna dikhAI dete haiM - "pacchima raina rahI jaba Aya, saulaha supanai dekhe maay|' kulagirivAsinI deviyoM dvArA mAtA kA garbhazodhana kiyA jAtA hai| "tinakI garbhazodhanA karo, nijaniyoga sevA mndhro|| vaizAkha kRSNa dvitIyA ke dina vizAkhA nakSatra meM pArzvanAtha vAmAdevI ke garbha meM Ate haiM - "kRSNa pAkha vaizAkha dina, dutiyA nizi avsaan| vimala vizAkhA nakhata meM, base garbha jina Ana ||" deva parivAra sahita unakA garbhakalyANaka manAne banArasa nagara meM Ate haiM "car3hi vimAna parivAra smet| bar3e garbhakalyAnaka heta // "? rUcakavAsinI deviyA~ mAtA kI sevA karane tathA unakA manoraMjana karane AtI haiM - "jathAjoga saba sevA kara, china china jinajananI mana hre|| 1. pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 5 pRSTha 46 3. vahI, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 50 5. vahI, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 48 7. vahI, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 49 2. vahIM, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 46 4. vahI, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 46 6. vahI, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 49 8. vahI, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 4

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208 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : garbha ke nau mAha pUrNa hone para pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI ko pArzvanAtha kA janma hotA hai / janma hone para dasa atizaya hote haiM tathA deva pArzvanAtha kA janmotsava manAne banArasa nagara meM Ate haiM - "nisdhAra banArasi magara dhAna, yati mananyo jAla Ana / prabhu janma kalyANaka karana kAja, udyama Arambhyo devarAja / / " pArzvanAtha ke janmakalyANaka manAne ke pazcAt deva apane-apane sthAna cale jAte haiM aura pArzvanAtha devakumAroM ke sAtha krIr3A karate hue bAlyakAla vyatIta karake aneka vidyAoM aura aneka kalAoM ko binA hI guru ke sikhAye sIkhakara yauvanAvasthA prApta kara lete haiM / ve mAtA pitA dvArA bahuta prayatna kiye jAne para vivAha se inkAra kara dete haiM, jisase mAtA pitA bahuta duHkhI hote haiM "suna narendra locana bhare, rahe badana vilkhaay| putra vyAha varjana vacana, kise nahIM dukhadAya // eka dina pArzvanAtha vana vihAra ke samaya apane nAnA ko paMcAgni tapa karate dekhate haiN| lakar3I ke bIca nAga nAginI kA jor3A dekhakara ve unheM lakar3I jalAne se rokate haiN| pArzvanAtha ke nAnA unakI bAta taba taka nahIM mAnate, jaba taka ve lakar3I ko phAr3akara nahIM dekha lete / lakar3I phAr3ate hI usameM se adhajale nAga nAginI nikalate haiM / pArzvanAtha unheM sambodhita karate haiM, jisake phalasvarUpa zubhabhAvoM se marakara ve dharaNendra-padyAvatI bana jAte haiN| pArzvanAtha ke nAnA marakara "saMvara" nAmaka jyotiSI deva bana jAte haiN| isa prakAra pArzvanAtha janma se hI pratibhAzAlI, camatkRta buddhinidhAna, aneka sulakSaNoM ke dhanI, viraktahadaya, dayAvAna evaM paropakArI haiN| ayodhyA ke dUta ke mukha se ayodhyA meM tIrthaMkara ke avatAra lene Adi kI vizeSa bAteM sunakara pArzvanAtha virakta ho jAte haiM - "suni dUta vacana vairAge, nija mana prabhu socana laage||"3 virakta hone para ve vairAgya kI dRr3hatA ke lie bAraha bhAvanAoM kA citavana karate haiM - "ye dazadoya bhAvanA bhaay| dina vairAgi bhaye jinarAya // 1, pArzvapurANa- kalakacA, adhikAra 6 pRSTha 51 2. vahI, adhikAra 6, pRSTha 61 3. vahI, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 63 4. vahI, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 64

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209 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana vairAgya hone para laukAntika deva vairAgya kI anumodanA ke lie Ate haiM - "ita lokAntika suna Aya, puSpAMjali de pUje pAya // "" anya sabhI deva pArzvanAtha kA dIkSA (tapa) kalyANaka manAne ke lie parivAra sahita Ate haiM - "aba cauvidhi indrAdika deva / car3hi nija nija bAhana bhubhed| harSita ura parivAra sameta / Aye tRtIya kalyANaka het||2 pArzvanAtha pAlane meM baiThakara dIkSA ke lie vana meM jAte haiN| pAlakI se uttarakara siddhoM ko namaskAra kara paMcamuSTi kezaloMca kara nagna digambara muni banakara samatA bhAva aMgIkAra karate haiM - "zatru mitra Upara samabhAva tina kaMcana gina eka subhaav|| somabhAva svAmI ura dhAra, paTabhUSana sva dIne dvAra / / / eka bAra jaba pArzvanAtha ahikSetra ke vana meM dhyAnastha the taba kamaTha kA jIva jo unake nAnA ke janma se marakara saMvara deva banA thA, AkAza mArga se jA rahA thaa| pArzvanAtha ko dekhakara usakA pUrva vaira jAgRta ho gayA aura usane pArzvanAtha para ghora upasarga kiyaa| pAnI barasAyA, ole barasAye, bhayaMkara tUphAna calAyA aura patthara taka barasAye parantu vaha unheM AtmasAdhanA sena DigA skaa| isI samaya dharaNendra - padmAvatI jinheM pArzvanAtha ne nAga-nAginI ke rUpa meM sambodhita kiyA thA pArzvanAtha kI rakSA karane ke uddezya se Aye aura pArzvanAtha ke Upara sarpa kA phana phailA diyaa| pArzvanAtha ne AtmasAdhanA kI pUrNatA meM caitrakRSNa caturdazI ke dina kevalajJAna prApta kiyA - "ceta aMdherI caudaha jAna, upajyo prabhu ke paMcama jJAna / / " " __ kevala jJAna hote hI pArzvanAtha ke 10 atizaya hote haiN| indrAdi unake kevalajJAna-kalyANaka mAnane Ate haiM / tIrthakara hone se kubera samavazaraNa (dharmasabhA) kI racanA karatA hai| unake varNanAtIta ananta catuSTaya, 14 devakRta atizaya tathA 8 prAtihArya (maMgala dravya ) hote haiM - 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra ? pRSTha 64 2. pAzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 7 pRSTha 65 3, pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 7 pRSTha 66 4. pAzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 8 pRSTha 69

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210 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : "bhaye ananta catuSTayavanta / pragaTI mahimA atula ananta / / divya parama audArika deha / koTi bhAnu duti jItI jeha // alaukika adbhuta sampadA / maMDita bhaye jinezvara tadA / vacana agocara mahimA sAra / varanana karatata na paiye paar|| isake bAda kucha kama 70 varSa taka bhAratavarSa ke vibhinna sthAnoM para unakA samavazaraNa sahita vihAra tathA divyadhvani dvArA dharmopadeza hotA hai| anta meM ve zrAvaNa zuklA saptamI ke dina sammedazikhara nAmaka parnata se nirvANa (mokSa) prApta karate haiM - "virahamAna darasAvata bATa / sattara varaSa bhaye kachu ghaatt| sammedAcala zikhara jinesh| Aye zrI pArasa parameza "sAvana sudi sAtai zubhavAra / vimala vizAkhA nakhata maMjhAra / / taji saMsAra mokSa meM gye| paramasiddha paramAtama bhaye // * pArzvanAtha kA nirvANa huA jAnakara indrAdi deva unakA nirvANa kalyANaka manAne Ate haiM - "taba indrAdika suna smudaay| mokSa gaye jAne jinarAya / / zrI nirvANa kalyANaka kaaj| Aye nija nija vAhana sAja / 4 deva kalyANaka manAkara yathA sthAna cale jAte haiM - "nija nija thAna gaye saba deva" isa prakAra "pArzvapurANa" ke nAyaka pArzvanAtha kA vyaktitva tIrthakaratva se maNDita hai| unake bahiraMga aura antaraMga - donoM vyaktitva meM tIrthakara ke 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 8, pRSTha 69 2. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 63 3. pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 63 4. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 64 5. pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra , pRSTha 64

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211 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana vizeSa lakSaNa evaM atizaya dRSTigata hote haiM / isIkAraNa garbha meM Ane ke chaha mAha pUrva se lekara janma taka paMcAzcarya, janma hone para daza atizaya kevalajJAna hone para daza atizaya, devoM dvArA kiye gaye caudaha atizaya evaM ATha prAtihArya hote haiN| indrAdi devoM dvArA garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna evaM nirvANa-kalyANaka manAnA, stuti, nRtya, gAna Adi karanA unake tIrthakaratva ke sUcaka haiN| pArzvanAtha meM tIrthakaratva kI sthApanA hI dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke sAtha jur3I huI hai kyoMki Izvaratva ke guNoM se maMDita hone vAlA vyaktitva dhIrodAtta hI ho sakatA hai, anya nhiiN| pArzvanAtha kA tIrthaMkara ke rUpa meM vikAsa mAnavatA kI atyanta vikasita sthiti meM huA hai / pArzvanAtha apane pUrvajanmoM meM jina mAnavIya vRttiyoM ko saMskArita karate A rahe the unhIM kA carama vikAsa pArzvanAtha ke tIrthakara banane para huaa| vaha carama vikAsa dhIrodAtta guNoM se yukta nAyaka meM hI sambhava thA, anya kisI meM nhiiN| isIlie kavi ne nAyaka ko dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke guNoM se yukta dikhalAyA hai| kavi pArzvanAtha ke caritra meM tIrthakara sUcaka ghaTanAyeM isa prakAra gaeNthatA hai ki ve prazana dikhAI na dekara kathAnaka kA aMga hI dRSTigata hotI haiN| ve sabhI ghaTanAe~ kathAnaka kA abhinna aMga banakara pArzvanAtha ke caritra ko sarvAdhika gaurava se maNDita karatI haI tIrthakara banA detI hai tathA unake caritra ko dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke pada para pratiSThita karavA detI haiN| isIkAraNa pArzvanAtha sarvatra mahAsattva, kSamAvAna, sthira, atigambhIra, dRDhavrata, nirahaMkArI jaise mahAna guNoM se yukta haiN| isa prakAra hama kaha sakate haiM ki pArzvapurANa kA nAyaka pArzvanAtha mahAkAvyocita nAyaka ke sabhI guNoM se yukta hai evaM mahAkAvya ke nAyakatva kI kasauTI para kharA utaratA hai| pratinAyaka : saMvara (kamaTha kA jIva) - nAyaka ke lakSya prApti ke prayaloM meM bAdhaka hone ke kAraNa "saMvara" nAma kA jyotiSI deva pratinAyaka hai| vaha nAyaka pArzvanAtha ke janma-janma kA vairI hai| pArzvanAtha ke pUrva ke nau janmoM meM bhI vaha sadaiva pArzvanAtha kA virodhI evaM ghAtaka rahA hai| pArzvanAtha prathama janma meM vizvabhUti maMtrI kA choTA putra "marUbhUti" tathA vaha bar3A putra "kamaTha" thA / kamaTha marUbhUti kA bar3A bhAI hokara bhI kaThora hRdaya, mUrkha aura durjana hai; jabaki marUbhUti choTA hokara bhI buddhimAna aura sajjana hai -

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212 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 'jeTho naMdana kamaTha kupUta / dUjo putra sudhI marUbhUta // jeTho matiheTo kuTila / laghu suta sarala svabhAva // " jaba marUbhUti rAjA ke sAtha zatru ko vaza meM karane jAtA hai taba mUrkha kamaTha anItipUrNa tathA svacchanda AcaraNa karane lagatA hai - *pIche kamaTha niraMkuza hoy| lagyo anIti karana zaTha soya // jo mana Avai ko hara hai| mai galA sakkoM isa sAla 2 / eka dina kamaTha apane choTe bhAI marUbhUti kI strI ko dekhakara usa para mohita ho jAtA hai tathA chala-kapaTa se usake sAtha durAcAra kara letA hai--- "eka dinA laghu mAtA naari| bhUSaNa bhUSita rUpa nihaari|| rAga aMdha ati vihavala bhyo| tIcchana kAma tApa ura dahe / / "chala bala kara bhItara laI banitA gaI ajAna / rAga vacana bhASe vividha, durAcAra kI khAna / / rAjA use nIca, adharmI evaM kukarmI jAnakara daNDa detA hai tathA prajA use dhikkAratI hai - "ati nindo nIca kukarmI / Ano niradhAra adhrmii| rAjA ati hI risa kiinii| sira muNDa daNDa bahu dInI // "puravAsI loka dhikArai / bAlaka milI kaMkara mArai // rAjA dvArA daNDita kamaTha dukhI hokara bhUtAcala parvata para jAkara tapasyA karane lagatA hai - "bhUtAcala parvata kI or| bhrAtA kamaTha kare tapa ghora // parantu tapasyA karane para bhI usake hRdaya meM raMcamAtra bhI jJAna aura vairAgya nahIM hotA hai - "karana lago taba kAya kleza / ura vairAga viveka na leza / / 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 2. vahI, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 3. vahI, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 4. vahI, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 6 5. vahI, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 7 6, vahI, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 7 7. vahI, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 7 8, vahI, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 7

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana isIliye vaha usase milane Aye choTe bhAI marUbhUti ke Upara hAtha meM lI huI patthara kI zilA paTaka kara usakI hatyA kara detA hai - "zilA sahodara zIza pai, DArI vajra samAna / paura na AI pizUna ko, dhika durjana kI bAna / / " ihi vidhi pApI kamaTha ne, hatyA karI mahAna / 2 isa prakAra pahale janma meM marUbhUti kA bar3A bhAI kamaTha kaThora pariNAmI, nIca, kukarmI evaM hatyArA hai| yaha sAdhu hokara tapasyA karate hue bhI apane krUra pariNAma nahIM chor3a pAtA hai aura krodha meM marUbhUti kI hatyA kara baiThatA hai / dUsare janma meM kamaTha kAlA sarpa banakara hAthI bane marUbhUti ko vaira ke kAraNa DasatA hai - "so kamaTa kalaMkI mUvo / tA vana kurakaTa ahi hUvo // tina' Aya isyo gaja jJAtA / yaha baira mahA dukha dAtA || vi tIsare janma meM vaha nArakI banatA hai. - "kurkaTanAmA kamaThacara, duSTa nAga dukhadAya / so mari paMcama naraka meM, paryo pApa vaza jAya / ' naraka se nikalakara vaha ajagara banatA hai tathA vaira ke saMskAra ko liye huye usI sthAna para A jAtA hai, jahA~ agnivega munirAja tapasyA karate haiM tathA unakA bhakSaka bana jAtA hai - " baira bhAva ustai nahi Taryo / pheri Aya ajagara avataryo / / saMsakAravaza Ayo tahAM / himagiri guphA munIzvara jahA~ // * 1+++5 ajagara marakara punaH naraka meM jAtA hai - " kamaTha jIva ajagara tana choriM / upajyo chache naraka atighora ||* naraka kI Ayu pUrI karake vaha zikArI bhIla ke rUpa meM janma letA haiM - 213 1. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 8 3. vahI, adhikAra 2, pRSTha 11 5. vahI, adhikAra 2, pRSTha 13 6. vahI adhikAra 3, pRSTha 19 * 2. vahI 4. vahIM, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 8 adhikAra 2, pRSTha 13

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214 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : "pUrana Ayu bhogakara maryo / vanahi kuraMga bhIla avataryo / ' vajranAbhi munirAja ko dekhakara vaha zikArI bhI unheM bANa se mAra detA hai - "dekhi digambara kopyo niic| kaMpita aghara dazanatala mIca // tana kamAna kAla loM lii| tIkhana zara mAryo nirdaI // " vaha bhIla mahAna duHkhoM ko pAtA huA muni hatyA ke pApa se bharakara nArakI banatA hai - "aba so bhIla pahAdukha paay| rUdradhyAna so chor3I kAya // muni hatyA pAtaka taiM mryo| carama zubhra sAgara meM parayo // " naraka se nikalakara vaha siMha banatA hai - "so mara naraka kamaThacara pApI, nAnA mAMti vipatti bhrii| tisa hI kAnana meM vikaTAnana, paMcAnana kI deha dharI // 4 siMha Ananda munirAja ko dekhakara pUrva janma ke vaira ke saMskAra ke kAraNa usakA ghapatI bana jAtA hai - "dekhi digambara kehari kopyo, pUrvabhavAntara baira dhyo| dhAyo duSTa dahAr3a ttcchn| Ana acAnaka kaMTha ghyo| muni kI hatyA ke pApa se vaha puna: naraka meM janma letA hai - "munihatyAvaza durgati gayo, paMcamanaraka bAsa so lyo| naraka Ayu pUrI kara vaha aneka janma dhAraNa karatA hai| aneka pazuyoni ke janmoM meM duHkha bhogakara pApa karmoM kI samApti evaM zubhakarmoM kI phalaprApti ke kAraNa vaha "mahIpAla" nAmaka pArzvanAtha ke nAnA ke rUpa meM janma letA hai|' nAnA ke rUpa meM paMcAgni tapa karate hue vaha abhimAnI jIva hiMsA karatA hai, jise pArzvanAtha apane divyajJAna se jAnakara usakI vinaya evaM praNAma nahIM karate haiM jisase vaha una para krodhita ho jAtA hai| apane paMcAgni tapa ke kAraNa vaha 1. pArzvapurANa--- kalakattA, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 19 3. vahI, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 20 5. vahI, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 37 7. vahI, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 61 2. vahI, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 19 4. vahI, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 37 6. vahI, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 61 8. vahI, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 61

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 215 "saMvara" nAma kA jyotiSI deva bana jAtA hai / jaba vaha AkAzamArga se jA rahA thA, taba jahA~ pArzvanAtha AtmadhyA meM lIna the, vahIM usakA samAna ruka jAtA hai, jisase pUrva vaira kA smaraNa kara krodhita hokara vaha pArzvanAtha para vikriyA bala dvArA aneka upasarga karatA hai - "saMvara nAma jyotiSI deva / pUrava kathita kamaThacara eva / / aTakyo aMbara jAta vimaan| prabhu para rahyo chatravata Ana / / tatakhina avadhijJAna bala tbai| pUraba baira saMbhAlo sabai / " "duSTa vikriyA bala aviveka / aura upadrava karai aneka // 2 deva ke dvArA upasarga karane para bhI jaba pArzvanAtha ko AtmadhyAna kI ekAgratA ke kAraNa kevalajJAna ho jAtA hai tathA indrAdi unakA jJAna kalyANaka manAne Ate haiM, taba use apanI karanI para bahuta pazcAtApa hotA hai| vaha bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kI divyadhvani ko sunakara vairabhAva tathA mithyAtva kA tyAga kara samyagdarzana, jJA-cAritra kI prApti kara sanmArga meM laga jAtA hai / "kamaTha jIva suna jotiSI, kari vacanAmRta pAna / vauM baira mithyAtva viSa, namo caraNa juga Ana / "daI tIna paradakSiNA, praNameM pArasadeva / svAmI caraNa saMyama dharo, niMdI pUrava deva // " kamaTha janma se kAmI, krodhI, durAcArI, krUra svabhAva ko lie hue sarpa, ajagara, bhIla, nArakI Adi aneka janmoM meM tathA kuyoniyoM meM duHkha bhogatA hai| marubhUmi pratyeka janma meM kSamAdhArI dRSTigata hotA hai, jabaki kamaTha pratyeka janma meM vaira kI jvAlA meM jalatA huA marUbhUti se badalA letA rahatA hai| pArzvanAtha ke janama meM bhI vaha vaira kA smaraNa kara pArzvanAtha para aneka upasarga karatA hai aura unheM AtmadhyAna se DigAne kI pUrI ceSTA karatA hai| yadyapi vaha eka-do janmoM meM dharma ke sAdhanoM meM tatpara hotA huA dikhAI detA hai, jaise kamaTha ke janma meM tApasI sAdhu hokara tapa karanA tathA pArzvanAtha ke nAnA ke janma meM paMcAgni 1. pAryapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 19 2. vahI, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 91 2. vahI, adhikAra 8, pRSTha 68 4. vahI, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 91

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216 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : tapa karanA tathApi usake antarmana meM krodha kI jvAlA dhadhakatI hI rahatI hai| vaha kabhI zAntacitta hokara tapa nahIM karatA hai / jJAna aura vairAgya rahita aMhakAra kI bhAvanA sahita tapa karake vaha "saMvara" nAmaka jyotiSI deva banatA hai / deva banakara bhI vaha vaira sAtha liye rahatA hai| isI se prerita hokara vaha pArzvanAtha kI tapasyA meM vighna upasthita karatA hai| parantu jaba pArzvanAtha apane AtmadhyAna se calAyamAna nahIM hote aura pUrNa vItarAgatA aura kevalajJAna prApta kara tIrthakara bana jAte haiM, taba use apane kiye para pazcAtApa hotA hai / vaha zarma se unake caraNoM meM jhuka jAtA hai| apanI bhUla ko svIkAra kara pazcAtApa karanA mAnava kA eka mahAn guNa hai / kamaTha ke jIva arthAt saMvara nAmaka jyotiSI deva dvArA kiye gaye pazcAtApa se usakA caritra sarvAdhika udAtta ho jAtA hai / yaha pazcAtApa use patita se pAvana banA detA hai| vaha pazcAtApa kI agni meM tapa kara kaMcana kI bhA~ti zuddha ho jAtA hai| usakA yaha pazcAtApa eka mahatI upalabdhi hai, jise prApta kara vaha saddharbha se yukta ho jAtA hai aura anI AtmA ke pati banA letA hai| isa prakAra kamaTha kA jIva yA "saMvara" jyotiSI deva ahaMkArI, krodhI, nirdayI, DhoMgI, durAcArI evaM badalA lene vAlA hokara bhI anta meM sadguNoM se yukta ho jAtA hai| "pArzvapurANa" meM "saMvara" kA antima sadguNasampanna rUpa vistRta na hokara pUrva kA kAmI, krodhI evaM nirdayI rUpa hI vistAra pA sakA hai| ata: vaha isI rUpa meM pAThaka para adhika prabhAva DAlatA hai / antima devatvarUpa to pArzvanAtha ke tIrthakaratva se prabhAvita jAna par3atA hai| niSkarSa rUpa meM pratinAyaka "saMvara" jyotiSI deva kA caritra aneka mAnavIya durbalatAoM evaM burAiyoM ko lie hue anta meM sadguNoM kI ora bar3hatA huA citrita huA hai| saMvara" pArzvapurANa kA dvitIya pramukha pAtra hai| ___ anya pramukha pAtra - "pArzvapurANa meM nAyaka "pArzvanAtha" evaM pratinAyaka "saMvara" ke atirikta anya koI pramukha pAtra nahIM hai| isameM nAyikA evaM pratinAyikA kA abhAva hai / nAyaka "pArzvanAtha" to mokSasAdhanA hetu (strI tyAgI) brahmacArI rahakara hI mokSasAdhanA meM saMlagna hote haiM, parantu pratinAyaka kamaTha kA jIva yA saMvara nAmaka jyotiSI deva bhI aneka kuyoniyoM meM duHkhI hotA huA

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i eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kisI strI se nahIM jur3a pAtA hai / ataH pradhAna pAtroM meM pArzvanAtha aura saMvara ho sthAna pA sake haiN| : gauNa pAtroM kA caritra citraNa : jina pAtroM kA kathAnaka se sIdhA sambandha nahIM hotA hai tathA jo kathAnaka pramukha pAtroM ke sAdhana banakara upasthita hote haiM, ve gauNa pAtra mAne jAte haiM meM I "pArzvapurANa" meM gauNa pAtroM ke rUpa meM nAyaka "pArzvanAtha" ke aneka janmoM ke mAtA-pitA, bandhu-bAndhava, mitra Adi ko sthAna diyA jA sakatA hai / pArzvanAtha kA caritra sunane ke icchuka rAjA zreNika tathA pArzvanAtha ke garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna evaM nirvANa kalyANaka manAne vAle indrAdi deva bhI isI koTi ke pAtroM meM gine jAyeMge / I rAjA aravinda kamaTha evaM marubhUti ke pitA vizvabhUti maMtrI the / ve jisa rAjA ke mantrI the usakA nAma thA " aravinda " / rAjA aravinda ko svarga ke indra ke samAna vaibhavasampanna, nyAyavAna, sajjana, dayAvAna, guNAnurAgI, raNavIra, dAna karane vAle ke rUpa meM tyAgI evaM prajApAlaka citrita kiyA gayA hai| jaba ve virakta hokara muni dIkSA le lete haiM taba ve muni ke yogya AhAra vihAra Adi karate hue bAraha prakAra ke kaThina tapa karate haiM tathA chaha kAya ke jIvoM kI rakSA meM tatpara rahate haiM / 2 - 217 mantrI vizvabhUti evaM unakI patnI marUbhUti ke pitA vizvabhUti buddhimAna evaM sajjana brAhmaNa the evaM unakI patnI rUpa, zIla Adi guNoM se yukta thIM - tisa bhUpati ke vitra sujaan| vizvabhUti maMtrI budhimAna // tako tiyA anUdhara satI / rUpa zIla guNa lakSaNaktI // 3 rAjA vidyutagati evaM rAnI vidyutamAlA cauthe janma meM marUbhUti "agnivera" nAmaka putra ke rUpa meM vidyutagati evaM vidyutamAlA ke yahA~ janma letA hai / rAjA vidyutagati nyAyapUrvaka prajA kA pAlana karane vAle, nItinipuNa, dharmajJa, saMtoM ke batalAye hue mArga para calane vAle haiN| unakI vidyutamAlA nAma kI sundara evaM catura strI hai| jisa prakAra kAmadeva ko rati kA yoga banA, usI prakAra vidyuta gatiko vidyutamAlA kA yoga banA / " 4 1. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 4 3. vahI, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 - 2. vahI 4. vahI adhikAra 2, pRSTha 10 adhikAra 2, pRSTha 12

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : rAjA bajravIrya evaM rAnI vijayA chaThe janma meM marUbhUti rAjA bajravI tathA rAnI vijayA ke yahA~ " bajranAbhi" nAmaka putra hotA hai / rAjA bajravIrya nyAyapUrvaka prajA kA pAlana karate haiN| ve guNoM ke AgAra hokara sUrya ke samAna tejasvI haiM, jaba ki anya rAjA unake sAmane juganU kI bhA~ti dikhAI dete haiM / unakI "vijayA" nAmaka rati ke samAna sundara, guNoM kI khAna paTarAnI hai| ' 218 rAjA azvasena evaM rAnI vAmAdevI - dasaveM janma meM marubhUti "pArzvanAtha" ke rUpa meM janma letA hai| "pArzvapurANa" meM nAyaka "pArzvanAtha" ke mAtA-pitA ke caritra kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai| pArzvanAtha ke pitA azvasena pavitra ikSvAkuvaMzIya tathA jagataprasiddha kAzyapagotrIya banArasa ke rAjA haiM / ve sUrya ke samAna tejasvI, kalpatarU ke samAna dAtAra, kAmadeva ke samAna sundara, sAgara ke samAna gambhIra parvata ke samAna dhIravIra, amRta ke samAna sukhadAyI, saMsAra meM yazasvI mati zruta aura avadhi- ina tIna jJAnoM se yukta, mahAn vivekI, dayAvAn, jinabhakti meM tatpara, gurusevA meM tallIna, aneka vidyAoM evaM kalAoM se yukta tathA samasta guNoM ke nidhAna haiM; jo jinendra rUpI sUrya ko utpanna karane vAle udayAcala ke samAna haiM, unakI mahimA kA varNana kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? 2 " - azvasena kI pavitra nAma vAlI tathA pavitra mana vAlI "vAmA devI" rAnI hai| ve saba guNoM se yukta haiN| unakA lAvaNya upamArahita haiN| ve rUpa ke samudra se nikalI bela ke samAna haiN| unake naza zikha Adi para suhAga ke cihna haiM / ve tIna loka kI striyoM meM siratAja haiN| ve sampUrNa sulakSaNoM se maMDita, madhuravANI bolane vAlI tathA sarasvatI ke samAna buddhimatI hai| unakI sundaratA ke Age rambhA, rati aura rohiNI kI sundaratA bhI phIkI par3a jAtI hai / indra kI indrANI unake sAmane sUrya ke samakSa dIpaka kI taraha dRSTigata hotI hai| jisa prakAra kArtika mAsa kI cA~danI logoM ke mana ko prasanna karatI hai; usI prakAra ve logoM ke mana ko prasanna karane vAlI haiN| ve samasta sArabhUta guNoM kI khAna tathA zIlarUpI guNa kI nidhi haiN| ve sajjanatA, kalA evaM buddhi kI sImA haiN| unake nAma lene mAtra se pApa bhAga jAtA hai| jisa prakAra sIpa meM se motI nikalatA hai usI prakAra ve mahApuruSa ko janma dene vAlI haiN| ve tIna loka ke nAtha IM 1. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 14 2. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 45

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 219 "pArzvanAtha" rUpI ratna ko janma dene vAlI pRthvI kI taraha hai| unakI mahimA kA varNana karane meM buddhi samartha nahIM hai|' uparyukta sabhI pAtra pArzvanAtha ke mAtA-pitA evaM sambandhI haiN| ina sabakA caritra adhika vistAra nahIM pA sakA hai| rAjA zreNika - bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samavazaraNa meM gautama gaNaghara se pArzvanAtha kA caritra sunane kI icchA vyakta karane vAle rAjA zreNika haiN| unakI paTanArI dharmAtmA "celanA" hai| ve magadhadeza ke rAjagRhI nagara ke rAjA hai| ve bahata puNyazAlI evaM nItivAna haiN| ve sArabhata kSAyika samyagdarzana sahita haiM tathA zIla Adi saba guNoM ke dhAraka haiN| tIrthakara "pArzvanAtha" ke paMcakalyANakoM ko manAne hetu bar3e utsAha, bhaktibhAva evaM zraddhApUrvaka svarga loka se indra Adi sabhI deva saparivAra Ate haiM tathA aneka prakAra se bhakti, stuti evaM nRtya Adi karate haiN| isase unake caritra kI katipaya vizeSatAoM kI ora sahaja hI saMketa ho jAtA hai / yaha saMketa hI unake caritra ko iMgita karatA hai| kavi ne sabhI devoM ke caritra kA pRthak-pRthak saMketa na karake bhagavAna kI bhakti, stuti, nRtya Adi karane tathA paMcakalyANakoM meM vizeSa bhAga lene vAloM ke rUpa meM unakA sAmAnya caritra citrita kiyA hai| isa citraNa meM pramukhatA indra ke caritra ko milI hai ; kyoMki usake hI nirdezana evaM AjJA meM sabhI kArya sampanna hote haiM tathA vahI sabakA pratinidhitva karatA huA agragaNya rahatA hai| (ga) pArzvapurANa meM prakRti-citraNa mahAkAvya ke zAstrIya lakSaNoM ke anusAra mahAkAvya meM prakRti varNana kA honA Avazyaka hai / AdikAla se hI mAnava prakRti ke sAhacarya kI abhivyakti apanI vANI meM kisI ne kisI rUpa meM karatA AyA hai| una samasta rUpoM aura prakAroM ko zAstra ke antargata bA~dhane kI ceSTA vidvAnoM ne kI hai| usI AdhAra para kAvya meM prakRtivarNana ke nimnalikhita rUpa milate haiM . 1, pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 45 2. pArzvapurANa- kalakatA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 3

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220 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: 1. AlambanarUpa meM - AlambanarUpa meM bhI prakRti ke kaI prakAra ke varNana milate haiN| jaise - vastu parigaNanAtmaka varNana, sAmAnya varNana aura saMzliSTa vrnnn| 2. uddIpanarUpa meM - uddIpana rUpa meM prakRti kA do rUpoM meM varNana hotA . hai - eka mAnava bhAvanAoM kI anurUpatA meM aura dUsarA mAnava bhAvanAoM kI . pratikUlatA meN| 3. alaMkArarUpa meM - alaMkArarUpI prakRti kA do rUpoM kA varNana hotA hai - eka mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa meM, dUsarA aprastuta yojanA ke rUpa meN| 4. rahasya bhAvanA ke rUpa meM - rahasya bhAvanA ke rUpa meM prakRti varNana tIna rUpoM meM kiyA jAtA hai - pahalA jijJAsAtmaka rUpa meM, dUsarA dArzanika rUpa meM aura tIsarA virATa bhAvanA ke AropaNa ke rUpa meN| 5. pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM - pRSThabhUmi ke rUpa meM prakRti varNana do prakAra se kiyA jAtA hai - mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kI anurUpatA meM aura mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ke vaiSamya meN| 6. upadeza ke rUpa meM - prakRti upadeza kA bhI mAdhyama rahI hai| ina upadezoM kI abhivyakti prakRti ke mAdhyama se tIna rUpoM meM kI jAtI hai - prabhu-sammita rUpa meM, suhRda-sammita rUpa meM aura kAntA-sammita rUpa meM / anyokti, rUpaka, pratIka Adi abhivyakti prasAdhanoM kA Azraya bhI adhikattara upadezapradhAna prakRti citraNoM meM hI liyA jAtA hai| 1 pArzvapurANa ke prakRtti citraNa meM mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ko uddIpta karane ke lie kavi kA sAyAsa prayoga aura paramparAgata prayoga dRSTigata hotA hai / paramparAgata prayoga ke rUpa meM Alambana aura uddIpana - donoM rUpoM kA prayoga pArzvapurANa meM kiyA gayA hai| Alambana ke antargata prakRti kA sajIva saMzliSTa varNana svarga, naraka evaM vAbIsa parIdhaha Adi ke varNana meM kiyA gayA hai| nagaroM evaM vanoM ke varNana meM vastu parigaNanAtmaka rUpa kA prayoga dRSTavya hai / eka sthAna para kavi ne vana kA varNana karate hue 89 vRkSoM kA nAma parigaNana kiyA hai| yaha sampUrNa varNana itivRttAtmaka bana par3A hai| 1. zAstrIya samIkSA ke siddhAnta- govinda triguNAyata, bhAga 2, pRSTha 71

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana uddIpana ke antargata prakRti kA varNana kaI prakAra se kiyA gayA hai| jaise upasarga ke rUpa meM, viraha ke rUpa meM, zAnta rasa ke uddIpana ke rUpa meM ityAdi / upasarga ke rUpa meM prakRti kA varNana karate samaya kavi ne aneka prAkRtika tattvoM -patthara, sarpa, zara, nakha-dAr3ha, garjana-tarjana, puMkAra, aMdhakAra, mUsalAdhAra varSA, bijalI, jhaMjhA Adi kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA ina sabako mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kI pratikUlatA ko uddIpta karane kA sAdhana nirUpata kiyA hai| isI prakAra nemi-rAjula ke virahaparaka padoM meM viraha ko uddIpta karane vAle prAkRtika tattvoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / zAnta rasa ke uddIpana ke lie nadI, sarovara, parvata Adi kA varNana zAntarasa ko uddIpta karane vAle prAkRtika tattvoM ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| ___ nagara Adi kA varNana karate samaya kavi ne kaI upamAe~ evaM utprekSAe~ prakRti se lI haiN| ina upamAoM aura utprekSAoM ke kAraNa prakRtivarNana alaMkAra rUpa meM bhI bana par3A hai| jaina muniyoM dvArA vizeSa tapasyA karane (22 parISahoM ko) sahane tathA zIta, grISma va varSA - ina tInoM RtuoM ke kaSToM ko sahane ke sandarbha meM RtuoM kA Alambana, uddIpana ke lagabhaga sabhI rUpoM kA varNana huA hai| kavi ne prakRti se bahuta kucha sIkhA hai| usane gRhastha hokara pI vairAgI jIvana se preraNA prApta kI hai, isIlie munirAjoM ke aneka kaSToM tathA sabhI RtuoM ke svAbhAvika kaSToM kA atyanta sajIva citraNa kiyA gayA hai| nagara, vana Adi ke varNana meM kavi prakRti ke choTe se choTe tattva ko bhI nahIM bhUlA hai| isase kavi ke prakRti ke atinikaTa hone kA patA calatA hai| svarga Adi ke varNana meM jahA~ eka ora prakRti ke ramya aura saumyarUpa ke darzana hote haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora naraka Adi ke varNana meM prakRti ke vIbhatsa evaM raudrarUpoM kA aMkana bhI huA hai| nIti aura dharma kA kathana karane ke lie kaI sthAnoM para prakRti kA Alambana rUpa meM prayoga kiyA hai tathA kaI sthAnoM para mAnavIya bhAvanAoM ko uddIpta karane ke lie uddIpanarUpa meM prayoga kiyA hai| Alambana aura uddIpana ke antargata Ane vAle prakRti ke samasta rUpoM kA prayoga prAya: zAntarasa kA poSaka rahA hai| zAntarasa poSaka prakRticitraNa racanAkAra kA uddezyagarmita kavidharma hai| zAntarasapUrNa jisa dhArmika uddezya kI prApti ke lie kavi kAvya racanA meM pravRtta

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222 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: huA hai, usakI siddhi ke mArga meM kAvyazAstra-anumodita prakRti citraNa use yA to sAdhaka pratIta nahIM huA yA kavimata usameM pravRtta hI nahIM huA hai / sambhavataH isIlie pArzvapurANa meM usakA prAya: abhAva hai|| jaina kaviyoM ne zAnta rasa ke uddIpana evaM puSTi ke lie prakRti kI chaTA ko apane sAhitya meM bikherA hai| unheM jIvana kI nazvaratA, azaraNatA evaM duHkharUpatA se kavitA karane kI preraNA huI / suramya vAtAvaraNa nirmita karane ke sAtha hI prakRti meM zikSA dene kI sAmarthya bhI hai / jaina kaviyoM ne prakRti se kaI prakAra kI zikSA lI hai| jaina kaviyoM ne prakRti citraNa ke bAre meM zrI nemIcanda jaina kA kathana nimnAnusArahai "inheM saMdhyA nivor3hA nAyikA samAna ekAeka vRddhA kalUTI rajanI ke rUpa meM parivartita dekhakara AtmotthAna kI preraNA prApta huI aura isI preraNA ko unhoMne apane kAvya meM aMkita kiyA hai| prakRti ke vibhinna rUpoM meM sandarI nartakI ke darzana bhI aneka kaviyoM ne kiye haiM; kintu vaha nartakI dUsare hI kSaNa meM kurUpA aura vIbhatsA sI pratIta hone lagatI hai / ramaNI ke keza kalApa, salaja kapola kI lAlimA aura sAja sajjA ke vibhinna rUpoM meM virakti kI bhAvanA kA darzana karanA jaina kaviyoM kI apanI vizeSatA hai / apabhraMza bhASA ke jaina kaviyoM ne apane mahAkAvyoM meM Alambana aura uddIpana vibhAva ke rUpa meM prakRti kA citraNa kiyA hai / isa prakRti cikSaNa para saMskRta kAvyoM ke prakRti citraNa kA prabhAva par3A hai| apabhraMza bhASA ke jaina kaviyoM ne nIti, dharma aura AtmabhAvanA kI abhivyakti ke liye prakRti kA Alambana grahaNa kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM zrI nemIcanda jaina kA kathana hai "jaina kaviyoM ne paurANika kathAvastu ko apanAyA, jisase ve paramparAyukta vastu varNana meM hI lage rahe aura prakRti ke svastha citra na khIMce jA ske| zAnta rasa kI pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa jaina caritra kAvyoM meM zrRMgAra kI vibhinna sthitiyoM kA mArmika citraNa na huA, jisase prakRti ko unmukta rUpa meM citrita hone kA kama hI avasara milaa| 1. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana bhAga 1- nemIcanda jaina pRSTha 181 2. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana bhAga 1. nemIcanda jaina pRSTha 183

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana "pArzvapurANa" meM aneka sthAnoM para nagara kA sundara varNana kiyA gayA hai| prAya: jambUdvIpa, bharatakSetra, AryakhaNDa tathA usake kisI eka deza kA ullekha karane ke uparAnta hI kisI nagara kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isameM bhI prAyaH una nagaroM kA vizeSa varNana kiyA gayA hai jo pArzvanAtha ke kisI na kisI janma ke sthAna se sambandhita haiM, jaise - marUbhUti ke janma sthAna "podanapura" nAmaka nagara kA tAni nimnalikhita maMdinoM meM huA hai - "tahAM nagara podanapura naam| mAno bhUmi tilaka abhirAma / / devaloka kI upamA dhre| saba hI vidhi dekhata pana harai / / tuMga koTa khAI sajata, saghana bAga gRhapAMti / caupatha cauka bajAra sauM, sohe pura bar3ha bhA~ti / ThAma ThAma gopura laseM, vApI saravara kUpa / kidhaM svarga ne bhUmi ko, bhejI bheMTa anUpa / / " isake atirikta lokottamapura, ' ayodhyAnagara' tathA pArzvanAtha kI janmasthalI banArasa nagarI ' kA bhI vistAra se manohArI evaM AkarSaka varNana kiyA hai| kavi ne nagaroM ke varNana meM nagara meM vidyamAna pramukha vastue~ jaise - gRha, bAga-bagIce, cauka va caupatha, bAjAra, bAvar3I, kuoM, tAlAba, mandira Adi kA nAmollekha unakI vizeSatAoM sahita kiyA hai| nagara ke varNana kI bhA~ti "pArzvapurANa" meM sthAna - sthAna para AvazyakatAnusAra prakRti ke vana-vaibhava kA manohArI varNana milatA hai - 'ati sadhana sallakI vana vizAla, jahaM tarUvara tuMga tamAla taal| bahu bela jAla chAye nikuMja, kahi sUkhi pare tina patra puNj| kahi sikatAthala kahiM zuddha bhUmi, kahiM kapi tarUDArana rahe jhmi| kahiM sajala thAna kahiM giri uttaMga, kahiM rIcha rojha vihareM kurNg|| 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 4 2. vahI, adhikAra-2 pRSTha 12 3, vahI, adhikAra-4 pRSTha 26 4. vahI, adhikAra-5 pRSTha 445. vahI, adhikAra-2 pRSTha 9

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mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : kAzI deza ke kheTapurapaTana gAMva ke vana kA varNana karate hue usameM prApta hone vAle vRkSoM kI vistRta nAma parigaNanA kI gaI hai - 224 "jahA~ bar3e nirjana vana jAla / / jinameM bahuvidhi viracha vizAla // kelA karapaTa kaTahala kair| kaitha karoMdA kauMca kanera // kiramAlA kaMkola kalhAra / kamarakha kaMja kadama kacanAra / / khiranI khAraka piMDa khajUra khera khirahaTI khejaDa bhUra // arjuna abelI oNba anAra / agara aMjIra azoka apAra // ** Gl uparilikhita nagara evaM vana kA citraNa parigaNanAtmaka evaM varNanAtmaka Alambana rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| nagara varNana meM nagara kI sundaratA kI tulanA ke lie devaloka yA svarga ko upamA evaM utprekSA ke rUpa meM bhI ullikhita kiyA hai| pArzvapurANa meM prakRti zAntarasa ke uddIpana ke rUpa meM bhI aMkita kI gaI hai| kAzIdeza ke kheTapurapaTTana gA~va ke prAkRtika dRzyoM ke varNana meM zAntabhAva ko uddIpta karane kI paryApta sAmarthya hai / zAntabhAva ke uddIpana ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA sarovara, nadI, evaM parvata kA varNana manamohaka hai / sarovarakA varNana nimnAnusAra hai " ihi vidhi rahe sarobara chAya / sabahI kahata kathA bar3ha jAya / / tahI sAdhu ekAMta vicAra I karai paThanapAThana vidhi sAra / / I vividha sarovara zItala ThAma paMthI baiThi lehi bisarAma / / nirmala nIra bhare manahAra / mAno municita vigata vikAra // 2 sarovara meM bhare jala kI utprekSA muniyoM ke vikAra rahita citta se kI hai| mUrta prakRti se amUrta bhAvoM kI utprekSA bhUdharadAsa kI apanI vizeSatA hai / isI prakAra nadI kA varNana bhI draSTavya hai - "nIra agAdha nadI nita hai| jalacara jIva tahA~ nita raheM / / muni bhUSita jinake tIra / kAusagga dhari ThAr3e dhIra // 3 113 1. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 5, 2. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 5, 3. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 43 pRSTha 43 pRSTha 43

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 225 parvatoM se pathikoM ke mana ko harane vAle jharane bahane para bhI unameM zAnta rasa kI uddIpakatA kA abhAva nahIM huA hai| zAnta rasa ke uddIpaka ke rUpa meM parvatoM kA varNana nimnalikhita hai - "U~ce paravata jharanA jhareM / mAraga jAta pazcika mana hareM / / jinameM sadA kndraathaan| nihacala deha gharai muni dhyAna / / bhUdharadAsa ne chaThaveM adhikAra meM devoM dvArA pArzvanAtha ke janmotsava manAne ke prasaMga meM janmAbhiSeka kA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai| isa varNana meM merU parvata kA bhI vilsamana huA hai, kyoMki pApanAtha kA janmAbhiSeka merU parvata para hI huA thaa| kavi ne merU parvata ke varNana ke atirikta jaina bhUgola ke anusAra tIna loka kA varNana bhI kiyA hai|' bhUdharadAsa ne jina utprekSAoM ke dvArA varNyaviSaya ko sundara banAyA hai, ve adhikAMzataH prakRti se lI gaI haiN| bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke zarIra para eka hajAra ATha lakSaNa isa bhA~ti suzobhita ho rahe hai; jaise kalpatarUrAja ke kusuma hI virAje ho - "sahaja aTottara lachana ye, zobhita jinavara deha / kidhau kalpatarUrAja ke, kusuma virAjata yeha / / " tIrthakara pArzvanAtha ke samavazaraNa ke cAroM ora valayAkRti khAI banI hai, usameM nirmala jala lahare le rahA hai, vaha aisA pratIta hotA hai, mAnoM gaMgA pradakSiNA de rahI hai - "valayAkRti khAI banI, nirmala jala lhrey| kiMyauM vimala gaMgA nadI, prabhu paradachanA deya / / 5 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 43 2. pArzvapurApA- kalakattA, adhikAra 6, pRSTha 53 3. pArzvapurANa--- kalakattA, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 41 4. pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 60 5. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 8, pRSTha 71

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226 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bhUdharadAsa ne "pArzvapurANa' meM RtuvarNana bhI kiyA hai; parantu yaha varNana apanI vizeSatA liye hue hai| prakRti jaina sAdhuoM ke Agamana para harSa prakaTa karatI hai| jaba bhagavAna mahAvIra saMgha sahita vipulAcala para Ate haiM taba vahA~ kI prakRti chaha RtuoM ke panna- pUla se zuSaH se jAtI hai / isAla una saba phala-phUloM ko rAjA zreNika ke sammukha lAkara rakhatA hai, jisase unheM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke Agamana kA vizvAsa ho jAye - "romAMcita vanapAlaka taam| Aya rAya prati kiyo pranAma / chaha Rtu ke phala phUla anuup| Age dhare anupama rUpa // " jaina muni prAya: nadI evaM sarovara ke kinAre, parvatoM ke Upara tathA bhayAnaka vanoM meM tapa karate haiN| prakRti bhinna bhinna RtuoM ke mAdhyama se apanA roSa dikhAtI hai, parantu ve dhIra phira bhI vicalita hokara apanI tapasyA nahIM chor3ate ' haiM / bhUdharadAsa ne isI prasaMga meM zIta, varSA aura grISma Rtu kA varNana nimnaprakAra se kiyA hai - "zItakAla saba hI jana kA~pai, khar3e jahA~ vana viracha Dahe haiN| jhaMjhA vAyu bahai varaSA Rtu, barasata bAdala jhUma rahe haiM / / tahA~ dhIra taTanI taTa caubada, tAla pAla pai karma dahai hai| saha sambhAla zIta kI bAyA, te muni tArana tarana kahe haiN| bhUkha pyAsa pIr3e ura antara, prajalai A~ta deha saba daahai| agni sarUpa dhUpa grISama kI, tAtI bAla jhAlasI laagai|| tapai pahAra tApa tana upaje, kopai phti dAhadhara jaagai| ityAdika grISama kI bAthA, sahai sAdhu dhIraja nahi tyAga 1 2 pArzvapurANa kA nAyaka "pArzvanAtha" apane zubhakarmoM se kaI janmoM meM svargaloka prApta karatA hai tathA pratinAyaka kamaTha apane pApakarmoM se kaI bAra naraka meM utpanna hotA hai / ata: kavi ne svargaloka aura naraka loka kA bhI varNana kiyA hai| isa varNana meM bhI prakRti citraNa kA puTa dikhalAI detA hai / svarga loka ke varNana meM prAkRtika chaTA dRSTavya hai - 1. pArzvapurANa pIThikA pRSTha 3 2. vahI adhyAya 4 pRSTha 32

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 227 "caMpaka pArijAta maMdAra / phUlana phaila rahI hakAra / / ceta virachatai baDhayo suhaag| aise svarga ravAne bAga / / vipula vApikA rAjai khrii| nirmala nIra sudhAmaya bhrii|| kaMcana kamala chaI chavidhAna / mAnika khaMDa khacita sopAna // " naraka ke varNana meM prakRti kA puTa nimnalikhita paMktiyoM me dRSTigocara hotA hai - "ThAma ThAma asuhAvane, semala tarUvara bhuur| paine dukha dene vikaTa, kaMTaka kalita karUra // aura jahA~ asipatra bana, bhIma satvara khet| jinake dala taravAra se, lagata ghAva kara deta // isa prakAra kavi ne prakRti varNana meM nagara, vana, nadI, sarovara, parvata, svarga, naraka evaM RtuoM kA bhAvanAhI evaM manamohaka varNana kiyA hai, parantu yaha saba varNana pradhAnataH Adi se anta taka itivRttAtmaka yA varNanAtmaka hI rahA hai| yadyapi usameM prakRti kI sUkSmatA, vyApakatA, kalpanA pradhAnatA, bhAvakutA Adi dikhAI nahIM detI hai| phira bhI kavi dvArA kiyA gayA prakRti citraNa ni:sandeha mahAkAvyocita prakRti varNana ke anurUpa bana par3A hai| __ (gha) pArzvapurANa meM rasa nirUpaNa mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM meM eka lakSaNa zrRMgAra, vIra evaM zAnta rasa meM se kisI eka rasa kA pramukha honA tathA zeSa rasoM kA gauNa honA batalAyA gayA hai| pramukha rahane vAle rasa ko kAvyazAstrIya bhASA meM "aMgIrasa" kahate hai| "pArzvapurANa" ke "aMgIrasa" kA nirNaya karane se pUrva yaha ucita hogA ki pahale aMgIrasa ke lakSaNoM yA kasauTI para vicAra kara liyA jaay| prAcIna kAvya zAstra ke anusAra aMgIrasa kA nirNaya nimnalikhita kasauTiyoM para ho sakatA hai -3 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 37 2. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 24 3 hindI kAvya ke Aloka stambha, "sAketa kA aMgIrasa-DaoN. zAnti svarUpa gupta pRSTha 131

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228 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : 1. kathAnaka ke kalevara meM jo rasa sarvAdhika vyApta ho, 2. jo rasa mahAkAvya ke mUla prabhAva ko vyaMjita karane meM sahAyaka ho tathA jo pAThaka kI sthAyI manaHsthiti kA nirmANa kreN| 3. jisa rasa kA sambandha pramukha pAtra-nAyaka yA nAyikA kI mUlavRtti se ho arthAt jisa rasa meM usakI mUlavRtti kA pratiphalana ho| 4, mahAkAvya ke mUla uddezya athavA phalAgama kA AsvAdha rUpa ho, vahI rasa aMgIrasa kahA jA sakatA hai / aMgIrasa : zAnta rasa - aMgIrasa kI uparyukta kasauTiyoM ke AdhAra para "pArzvapurANa" kA aMgIrasa "zAntarasa" hai; kyoMki vaha kathAnaka meM sarvAdhika vyApta hai / isI rasa meM kathAnaka kI sampUrNa vyaMjanA hotI hai tathA yahI rasa pAThaka para sarvAdhika prabhAva DAlatA hai / zAntarasa se prabhAvita pAThaka aihika jIvana aura jagata ke prati upekSita dRSTi apanAte hue paramAnanda kI prApti ke prati utsAhita hotA huA dRSTigata hotA hai / "pArzvapurANa" ke nAyaka kI mUlavRtti bhI zAntarasamaya hai| "pArzvanAtha ke caritra se sarvatra zama yA nirveda bhAva hI jhalakatA hai| "pArzvapurANa" kA uddezya athavA phalAgama kA AsvAdya bhI zAntarasayukta hai ata: sabhI dRSTikoNa se pArzvapurANa kA aMgIrasa "zAnsa rasa hai| jisa prakAra pArzvapurANa kA kathAnaka jIvana ko akhaNDa rUpa se grahaNa karatA huA sarvAga AtmAnanda kI siddhi karatA hai; usI prakAra pArzvapurANa kA aMgIrasa akhaNDa Atmarasa arthAt zAntarasa hI hai| yaha zAnta rasa hI bhUdharadAsa kI dRSTi meM mahArasa evaM Anandarasa hai| sAhitya darpaNa meM zAnta rasa kA lakSaNa isa prakAra diyA hai - bhAvoM ke samatva ko arthAt jahA~ sukha, duHkha, cintA, rAga, dveSa kucha bhI nahIM haiM, use muniyoM ne zAnta rasa kahA hai| ___AcAryoM ke anusAra zama zAnta rasa kA sthAyIbhAva hai| "zama" nAmaka sthAyIbhAva kI antima paraNati hai - "paramAtma tatva athavA mokSa kI prApti" 3 1. sAhitya darpaNa- vizvanAtha, pRSTha 3/180 2. "kAvyazAstra" zAntarasa DaoN. satyadeva caudharI, pRSTha 263

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana rAmacandra guNacanda ne zAnta rasa kI utpatti kA viSaya batAte hue kahA hai " janma maraNa se yukta saMsAra se bhaya tathA vairAgya se jIva ajIva, puNya pApa Adi tattvoM tathA mokSa ke pratipAdaka zAstroM ke vimarzana se zAnta rasa kI utpatti hotI hai|" 1 isa prakAra saMsAra, zarIra, bhogoM se vairAgya tathA saMsArabhIrUtA zAntarasa ke vibhava, mokSa kI cintA anubhAva aura nirveda, bhIti, dhRti, smRti isake saMcArIbhAva kahe jA sakate haiM / 229 zAnta rasa ke uparyukta vivecana ke AdhAra para hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki " pArzvapurANa" meM zAnta rasa ke uparyukta sthAyIbhAva, vibhAva, anubhAva, saMcArIbhAva Adi sabhI pUrNarUpeNa dRSTigocara hote haiN| isalie " pArzvapurANa" kA aMgIrasa " zAnta rasa" hI spaSTataH siddha hotA hai / pArzvapurANa meM zAntarasa sarvatra dikhAI detA hai| kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra hai - eka dina marubhUti aura kamaTha ke pitA vizvabhUti maMtrI ko sapheda bAla dekhakara ho vairAgya ho jAtA hai - " eka dinA bhUpati maMtrIza / sveta bAla dekha nija zIza // upajyo vipra hiye vairAga / jAnyo saba jaga athira suhAga // * rAjA aravinda ko bAdala kI sundara racanA miTatI huI dekhakara vairAgya ho jAtA hai aura ve saMsAra ko anitya, asAra anitya evaM duHkhamaya mAnane lagate haiM - " taba bhUpati ura karai vicAra, jagatarIti saba athira asAra / tana dhanarAja saMpadA sabai yoMhI vinazi jAyagI abai // moha bhatta prAnI haTha gahu~, adhira vastu ko thira sarada hai / jo para rUpa padAratha jAti, te apane mAne dinarAti || bhogabhAva saba dukha ke hetu, tinahI ko jAna sukha kheta / jyoM mAcana kodoM parabhAva, jAya jadhAratha dRSTi svabhAva // 1. "hindI sAhitya darpaNa 3.20 tathA vRtti rAmacandra guNacandra pRSTha 31 2. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, adhikAra 1 pRSTha 5

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230 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : samajhai puruSa aura kI aura, tyoM hI jagajIvana kI daura / putra kalA bhirabAna leha myAraSTa lage sage saba yeh| supana sarUpa sakala saMbhoga, nijahitaheta bilamba na jog||" eka janma meM pArzvanAtha bajravIrya rAjA ke bajranAbhi putra hote haiM / cakravartI banakara ve gurUpadeza se virakta ho jAte haiM - ___gurU upadezyoM dharma siromani suni rAjA vairaage| rAja ramA vanitAdika je rasa te rasa vairasa lAge // 2 saMsAra, zarIra evaM bhogoM ke svarUpa kA citavana karate hue ve kahate haiM - "maiM cakrI pada pAya nirantara, bhoge bhoge ghnere| to bhI tanika bhaye nahi pUrana, bhoga manoratha mere / / rAja samAja mahA adhakArana, baira bar3hAvanahArA / vezyAsama lachamI ati caMcala, yAko kauna ptyaaraa|| moha mahAripu khaira vicAro, jaga jiga saMkaTa ddaale| ghara kArAgRha vanitA ber3I, parijana jana rakhavAle / / samyagdarzana jJAna carana tapa, ye jiyake hitkaarii| ye hI sAra asAra aura saba yaha cakrI citadhArI // eka janma meM pArzvanAtha Ananda rAjA ke rUpa meM utpanna hote haiM tathA apane mastaka para zveta keza dekhakara virakta ho jAte haiM - "so lakhi seta bAla bhUpAla, bhoga udAsa bhaye tatkAla / jagata rIti saba athira asAra, citai cita meM moha nivAra / virakta hokara bAraha bhAvanAoM kA citavana karate hue muni dIkSA le lete haiN| pArzvanAtha ke janma meM AyodhyA ke rAjA jayasena ke dUta kA saMdeza sunakara pArzvanAtha virakta hokara socate haiM - 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 2 pRSTha 9 2. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 17 3. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 18 4. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 19 5. pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 29 6. pArzvapurANa-- kalakattA, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 30

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana "suni dUta vacana vairAge, nija mana prabhu socana lAge / lokottama bhoga navIne / maiM indrAsana sukha kIne, taba tRpati bhaI tahA~ nAhI, kyA hoya manuSa padamAhI jo sAgara ke jala setI, na bujhI tisanA tisa etI / "2 pazcAt bAraha bhAvanAe~ bhAte haiM - "bhoga vimukha jinarAja imi, sudhi konI zivadhAna / bhAvaiM khAraha bhAvanA, udAsIna hitadAna // *2 anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Astrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka bodhidurlabha aura dharma ina bAraha bhAvanAoM ke ciMtana se pArzvanAtha kA vairAgya dRr3hatA ko prApta hotA hai - "ye daza doya bhAvanA bhAya diDha vairAgi bhaye jinarAja / deha bhoga saMsAra svarUpa, skha asAra jAno jagabhUpa / / jAnyo prabhu saMsAra asAra, athira apAvana deha nihAra / indriya sukha supane sama dIkha, so yAhI vidhi hai jagadIza // *3 231 isa prakAra zAntarasa kathAnaka meM sarvatra dikhAI detA hai| nAyaka pArzvanAtha kI mUlavRtti vartamAna janma meM tathA pUrva sabhI janmoM meM jJAnavairAgyayukta zAnta rasamayI hI rahI hai / pAThaka para bhI zAntarasa kA prabhAva sarvAdhika par3atA hai / ma. " pArzvapurANa" ke uddezya ke anurUpa AsvAdya zAnta rasa hI hai| ataH zAntarasa ko pArzvapurANa kA " aMgIrasa" kahane meM yatkiMcit sandeha nahIM raha jAtA hai| niSkarSataH pArzvapurANa kA aMgIrasa zAntarasa hI hai| I :: anya rasa :: kAvya ke aMgarUpa meM pArzvapurANa meM anya sabhI rasa vidyamAna hai| zrRMgAra rasa nAyaka pArzvanAtha ke nau bhava pUrva marUbhUti ke rUpa meM vidyamAna hone para usakI patnI visundarI ke sAtha usakA bar3A bhAI kamaTha durAcAra kara letA hai / durAcAra karane ke sambandha meM zrRMgAra rasa kI udbhAvanA huI hai - - 1. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra 7 pRSTha 63 2 evaM 3. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, adhikAra 7 pRSTha 64

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232 pri| bhUSaNa yo mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : __ "eka dinA nijamAtA naari| bhUSaNa bhUSita rUpa nihaari|| rAga aMdha ati vihavala bhyo| tIcchana kAmatApa ura tyo|| chala bala kara bhItara laI, banitA gaI ajAna / rAga vacana bhAye vividha durAcAra kI khAna / / gaja mAso kamaTha kNlkii| aghasoM manasA nahiM shNkii| bhAnuja banakaranI raMjo jipa zItala rovara bhNjo|' marUbhUti marakara dUsare janma meM "bajraghoSa" nAma kA hAthI hotA hai aura kamaTha kI strI "varUnA" marakara hathinI hotI hai| hAthI kA hathinI ke sAtha saMyoga zrRMgAra kA varNana bhI huA hai - jo varUnA nAmaiM kamaTha nAra1 podanapura nivasai tirAdhAra / so mari tihi hathanIM huI Ana, tisa saMga ramai nita raMjamAna // ' yoM suchanda krIr3A kare, varUnA hathanI sty| vana nivasai bAraNa balI, mAraNazIla samasya / / / hAsya rasa - bAlaka pArzvanAtha kI bAlakrIr3AoM meM vAtsalyayukta hAsya rasa abhivyakta huA hai - aba jina bAlacandramA bddh'e| komala hA~sa kirana mukha khai|| china china tAta yAta mana hrai| sukha samudra dina dina vistarai / ' pArzvakumAra vanavihAra karate samaya apane nAnA ko paMcAgni tapa ke lie lakar3I cIrate hue dekhate haiM / unheM dekhakara ve praNAma nahIM karate haiM tathA lakar3I cIrane ke lie bhI manA karate haiM jisase unake nAnA pArzvakamAra kA majAka ur3Ate hue aise vacana bolate haiM, jinase krodhavyaMgyayukta hAsya rasa udbhUta hotA hai - suni kaThora bolyo risa Ana, bho bAlaka tuma aiso jJAna / hari hara brahmA tuma hI bhaye, sakala carAcara jJAtA tthye|" 1. pArzvapurANa - kalakattA, adhikAra ! pRSTha 5 2. pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 1 pRSTha 6 3. pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 2 pRSTha " 4. pAvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 2 pRSTha 9 5. pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 28 6. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 7 pRSTha 61

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 33 karuNa rasa - rAjA aravinda dvArA durAcArI kamaTha ko daNDa diye jAne para kamaTha atyanta duHkhI hotA hai / duHkhAvasthA meM karUNa rasa kA citraNa nimnaprakAra huA hai - mahAdaNDa jaba bhUpati diyo, kamaTha kuzIla dukhI ati bhayo / vilakhata vadana gayo cala tahA~, bhUtAcala parvata hai jahA~ // ' kamaTha dvArA aneka pApa kiye jAne para vaha naraka gati prApta kara letA hai| naraka meM vaha pUrva meM kiye gaye pApoM ke prati pazcAtApa karatA hai| pazcAtApa karate hue karuNa rasa isa prakAra vyakta huA hai - pUraba pAe kalApa saba, Aya jAya kara ley| tantra vilApa kI tApa zAma, mAnA hogA / maiM manuSya parajAya dhari, dhana jobana madalIna / adhama kAja aise kiye, naraka vAsa jina dIna / / sarasoM sama sukha heta tara bhayo lampaTI jaan| tAhI ko aba phala lagyo, yaha dukha perU samAna // ' pArzvakumAra dvArA zAdI kA prastAva asvIkAra kiye jAne para rAjA azvasena atyanta duHkhI hote haiM / isa prasaMga meM karuNa rasa draSTavya hai - suna narendra locana bhare, rahe vadana vilkhaay|| putra vyAha varjana vacana, kise nahI dukhdaay|| vIra rasa - pArzvanAtha tapa meM nirata rahakara dhyAnarUpI talavAra se karmarUpI zatruoM ko jIta lete haiN| isa prasaMga meM vIra rasa kI chaTA dekhiye - tapamaya dhanuSa dharyo nija pAna / tIna ratana ye tIkhana baan|| samatA bhAva car3he jgshiish| dhyAna kRpAna liyo kara Iza // cArita raMga mahI meM dhIra / karmazatru vijayI gharavIra // 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 1 pRSTha 7 2. pArdapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 21 3. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 7 pRSTha 61 4. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 8 pRSTha 67

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234 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : raudra rasa * kamaTha kA jIva pApakarmoM ke phalasvarUpa kaI bAra naraka meM janma letA hai| naraka ke nArakiyoM ke svarUpa varNana meM raudra rasa dikhalAI detA saba krodhI kalahI sakala, sabake netra phuliNg| dukha dene ko ati nipuna, niThura napusaMka liNg||' nArakI krodhita hokara Apasa meM eka dUsare ko mArate haiM - ___"tinahI soM ati risa bhare, kareM paraspara ghAta / kamaTha ke Upara rAjA dvArA krodha karane meM bhI raudra rasa prakaTa huA hai - "rAjA ati hI risa kInI, sira muNDa daNDa bahu dInI 3 rAjA aravinda dvArA kamaTha ko deza nikAlA diye jAne para marUbhUti usase milane jAtA hai / jaba marUbhUti usake pairoM meM girakara kSamAyAcanA karatA hai taba kamaTha krodha meM Akara apane hAtha meM lI huI zilA marUbhUti ke Upara paTaka kara usakI hatyA kara detA hai / isa prasaMga meM raudra rasa dekhiye - "yo kaha pAyana lAgo - jaam| kopyo adhika kamaTha duTha taam|| zilA sahodara zIzapai, DArI vana smaan| pIra na AI pizuna ko, dhika durjana kI bAna / / " bhayAnaka rasa - marUbhUti marakara "baghghoSa" nAma kA hAthI hotA hai| vaha hAthI krodhita hokara bhaya kA kAraNa banatA hai - tAvata bajraghoSa gajarAja, Ayo kopi kAla sapa gaaj| sakala saMga meM khala bala parI, bhAje loga kUki dhvani krii| gaja ke chakai paryo jo koya so prANI pahacyo paraloya / mAre turaga tisAye maila mAre mAragahAre bail| pAre bhUkhe karahA khare, mAre jana bhAje bhaya bhre|' naraka ke varNana meM bhayAnaka rasa kA citraNa bhI huA hai - 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 22 3. vahI adhikAra 1, pRSTha 7 5. vahI adhikAra 2, pRSTha 10 2. vahI adhikAra 3, pRSTha 23 4. vahI adhikAra 1, pRSTha 8

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 235 tahoM bhayAnaka nArakI, dhari vikriyA bheSa / bAgha siMha ahi rUpa soM, dArai deha vizeSa // ' "saMvara" nAmaka jyotiSI deva dvArA pArzvanAtha para upasarga kiye jAne para bhayAnaka rasa nimnalikhita paMktiyoM meM vyakta huA hai . Arambhyo upasarga mahAna / kAyara dekhi bhaje bhaya mAna // aMdhakAra chAyo cahu~ ora, garaja garaja varace ghanaghora / / jharai nIra musalopama dhAra / bakra vIja jhalakai bhayakAra // 2 vIbhatsa rasa - kamaTha kA jIva apane pApakoM ke phalasvarUpa kaI bAra naraka prApta karatA hai| kavi ne bure karmoM se prApta naraka aura nArakI jIvana kA bar3A bhaMyakara aura vIbhatsa citraNa kiyA hai - janya thAna saba naraka meM, aMdha adhomukha jaun| ghaMTAkAra ghinAvanI, dusaha khAsa dukha mauna // ' isI sandarbha meM kavi-Age kahatA hai - zvAna zyAla maMjAra kI, par3I kalevara raas| mAsa vasA arU rUdhira ko, kAdo jahA~ kayAsa / / ThAma ThAma asahAvane, semala tarUvara bhr| paine dukha dene vikada, kaTaka kalita karUra // * adbhuta rasa - pArzvapurANa meM adbhuta rasa kaI sthAnoM para dRSTigata hotA hai| jaba pArzvanAtha apane pUrva janma meM cakravartI se ahamindra deva ho jAte haiM, taba devaloka kI sampadA dekhakara ve Azcarya meM par3a jAte haiM - "dekhi dizi ati vismitruup| mahA manoga vimAna anUpa // ahamindra ke pazcAt rAjA Ananda kA janma prAptakara ve sUryavimAna meM virAjamAna AzcaryarUpa jinabimboM ko namaskAra karate haiM - ravi vimAna mani kaMcanamaI / nimAyo adbhuta chavi chaI // jainabhavanakari maMDita soy| dekhata janamana acaraja hoya / / 1, pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 22 -23 3.vahI adhikAra 3, pRSTha 20 5. vahI adhikAra 3, pRSTha 20 2, vahI adhikAra 8, pRSTha 67 4. vahIM adhikAra 3, pRSTha 24 6. vahI adhikAra 4, pRSTha 29

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236 . mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : puna: svargaloka kI prApti hone para rAjA Ananda kA jIva vismita hotA haivisamayavaMta hoya mana tAma / kahaiM kauna Ayo kisa dhAma / ' tIrthakara hone se pArzvanAtha ke janma ke chaha mAha pUrva se devoM dvArA anupama pA~ca Azcarya hote haiM, jinameM adbhuta rasa hotA hai - devana kiye chaha mAsa loM, paMcAcaraja anuup| dekhi dekhi parajA bhaI Ananda amarajarUpa / pArzvanAtha kA janma hone para devoM dvArA janma mahotsava manAyA jAtA hai / isa avasara para indra AzcaryakAraka tANDava nRtya karatA hai - . adbhuta tANDava rasa tihiM vAra / darasAvai jana acrjkaar|" vAtsalya rasa - bAlaka pArzvanAtha dvArA kI gaI vividha bAlakrIr3AoM se vAtsalya rasa abhivyakta hotA hai - aba jina bAlacandramA baDhe |koml hAMsa kirana mukha khe| china china tAta mAta mana hrai| sukha samudra dina dina vistare / / kavahIM puhumIpai jinraay| kaMpita carana ThaveM ihi bhAya / / sahai ki nA dharatI mujha bhaar| zaMke ura upamA yaha dhAra / / kabahIM svAmI ujhAki uThi cleN| vikasita mukha saba dukhako daleM / / bAMdhe muThI aTapaTe pAya / kaise vaha chabi varanI jAya / kahIM ratana bhIta meM ruup| jhalake tAhi gahaiM jagabhUpa / mAtA soM mAne ati priit| bAla avasthA kI yaha riiti|| yo jina bAlaka lIlA kre| tribhuvana janamanamAnika hrai||' bhakti rasa - kavi dvArA apane iSTa deva ke prati ratibhAva hone se kaI sthAnoM para bhaktirasa kI saritA pravAhita huI hai / grantha ke prArambha meM hI maMgala caraNa ke rUpa meM kavi pArzvanAtha kI stuti karatA hai - 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 22 3.vahI adhikAra 5, pRSTha 57 2. vahI adhikAra 5, pRSTha 46 4. vahI adhikAra 7, pRSTha 59

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 237 pahimA mahaMta munijana japata, Adi anta sabako sarana / so paramadeva mujha mana baso, pArzvanAtha maMgala karana / ' pratyeka adhikAra ke prArambha meM prathama ra kaline papartanAtha kI stuti kI hai / pArzvanAtha ke sAtha hI caubIsa tIrthakara ke rUpa meM arahanta, siddha. AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu - ina pA~coM parameSThiyoM kI vandanA karane meM bhakti rasa vidyamAna hai - bandoM tIrthakara caubIsa / vando siddha baseM jagasIsa / / bandoM AcAraja uvjhaay| vandoM parama sAdhu ke paay||' paMcakalyANoM ke avasara para devoM dvArA pArzvanAtha kI stuti kI gaI hai ! usa stuti meM bhakti rasa kI dhArA phUTa par3I hai - tuma jagapati devana ke deva / tuma jina svayaM buddha svayameva / / tuma jaga rakSaka tuma jagatAta / tuma binakArana bandhu vikhyAta / tuma gunasAgara agama apAra / dhutikara kauna jAya jana pAra / / sUcchama jJAnI muni nahiM nreN| hamase maMda kahA bala ghre| namo deva azarana aadhaar| namo sarva atizaya bhaMDAra // namo sakala jaga saMpati karana / namo namo jina tArana tarana / / ' grantha ke anta meM bhI kavi pArzvanAtha ke prati bhakti pradarzita karatA hai - je garabha janama tapa jJAna kAla / nirvAna pUjya kIrati vizAla / / sura nara muni jAkI kareM sev| so ayo pArzva devAdhideva / / puna : - vidhana harana nirabhayakarana, arUna varana abhirAma / pAsa carana saMkaTa harana, namo namo gunadhAma / / 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 1 pRSTha 1 2. vahI adhikAra 1, pRSTha 1-2 3. vahI adhikAra 6, pRSTha 65 4. vahI adhikAra 9, pRSTha 5

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238 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : namo deva arahanta sakala ttvaarthbhaasii| namo siddha bhagavAna, jJAnamUrati avinAzI / / namo sAdhu nigrantha duvidhi parigraha prityaagii|| yathAjAta jinaliMga dhAri, vana base viraagii|| * bandoM jina bhASita gharama, deya sarva sukha sampadA // ye sAra cAra tihuloka meM, karo kSema maMgala sadA / / ' isa prakAra pArzvapurANa meM aMgIrasa "zAnta" ke atirikta aMgarasa ke rUpa meM zrRMgAra, hAsya, karUNa, vIra, raudra, bhayAnaka, vIbhatsa, adbhuta, vAtsalya aura bhakti rasa yathAvazyaka rUpa se vidyamAna haiN| (i) pArzvapurANa kI racanA kA uddezya mahAkAvya kA koI ne koI pramukha lakSya yA uddezya hotA hai jo "kArya" kahalAtA hai| ise dRSTi meM rakhakara hI kavi kathAnaka kI yojanA karatA hai| sampUrNa kathAnaka kA kendra yahI kArya hotA hai aura isI ke kAraNa kAvya meM ekarUpatA A jAtI hai| ___ "pAvapurANa" kI racanA bhI soddezya kI gaI hai| isakI racanA ke pIche kavi ke ekAdhika uddezya dRSTigata hote haiM / "pArzvapurANa" kI racanA kA pramukha uddezya jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA caritra citraNa karanA hai| pArzvanAtha ke caritra citraNa ke sAtha -sAtha jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kA paricaya karAnA' tathA dharmopadeza dvArA sanmArga dikhAnA - pArzvapurANa ke gauNa uddezya haiN| prAcIna AcAryoM ke anusAra mahAkAvya kA uddezya puruSArtha catuSTaya meM se kisI eka kI prApti meM sahAyaka honA hai| isa dRSTi se pArzvapurANa kA uddezya dharma evaM mokSa puruSArtha kI prApti meM sahAyaka honA hai| kavi sabhI prANiyoM ko saMsAra ke vividha duHkhoM se chur3Akara unheM muktimArga dikhAkara mukti dilAnA cAhatA hai| isalie kavi ne mokSa ko sabase uttama kahA hai - "saba vidhi uttama mokha nivaas| AvAgamana miTai jihiM vAsa / / " 1. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 9 antima prazasti pRSTha 96 2. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 9 sampUrNa adhikAra 3. pArzvapurANa- kalakacA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 77

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 239 mokSa meM nivAsa karane ko saba prakAra se uttama batalAkara kavi ne mokSa ke kAraNasvarUpa bhAvoM ko hI grahaNa karane yogya batalAyA hai - "tAte je zivakArana bhaav| teI gahana joga mana lAva // mokSa evaM nokSa ke kAraNoM se viparIta saMsAra evaM saMsAra ke kAraNoM ko tyAgane yogya batalAnA bhI kavi kA uddezya hai - "yaha jagavAsa mahAdukharUpa / tAtai bhramata dukhI cidruup| jinabhAvana upajai saMsAra / te saba tyAga joga niradhAra // isa saMsAra meM koI bhI sukhI nahIM hai / nirdhana dhana ke binA duHkhI hai to dhanavAna tRSNA se duHkhI hai - "dAma binA nirdhana dukhI, tRSNA yaza dhanavAna / kabahU~ na sukha saMsAra meM, saba jaga dekho chAna / / isa prakAra saMsAra ko dukharUpa evaM asAra batalAkara kavi kA uddezya mAnava ko mokSasukha kI prApti ke lie utsAhita karate hue mokSa evaM mokSamArga meM lagAnA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mokSa sukha ko upAdeya tathA saMsAra, zarIra bhogajanita indriya sukhoM ko heya batalAkara kavi ne vizvavyApI cirantana samasyA kA samAdhAna bhAratIya maharSiyoM aura manISiyoM kI paramparA meM prastuta kiyA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne "pAzavapurANa" ke mahAna kathAnaka ke AdhAraphalaka para vizva kI usa mahAna samasyA kA cirantana samAdhAna prastuta kiyA hai, jo sAmAyika hokara bhI zAzvata hai| yaha pratyeka yuga kI samasyA kA pRthak pRthak samAdhAna hokara bhI kAlika samasyAoM kA eka mAtra zAzvata samAdhAna hai, kyoMki vAstava meM pratyeka yuga tathA pratyeka prANI kI alaga-alaga samasyAe~ nahIM, apitu sabhI yugoM aura sabhI prANiyoM kI eka mAtra samasyA hai - moha-rAga-dveSAtmaka 1. pAvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 77 2. pArzvapurANa- kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 77 3. pArzvapurANa-kalakattA, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 30

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mahAkavi bhAradAsa icchAoM kI utpatti | ise dUsare zabdoM meM zAstrakAroM ne mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra kahA hai / vastu svarUpa ke viparIta mAnanA mithyAdarzana, viparIta jAnanA mithyAjJAna aura viparIta AcaraNa karanA mithyAcAritra hai| inhIM ke kAraNa yaha prANI para ko apanA mAnatA hai aura vyartha hI sukha dukha kI kalpanAe~ karatA hai : : 240 " mohamatta prANI haTha gardai athira vastu ko thira sarada hai| jo para rUpa padAratha pAti, te apane mAne dina rAti // "" 1 isa samasyA kA eka mAtra samAdhAna hai samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyagcAritra arthAt vastu svarUpa ko yathArtha mAnanA, jAnanA va AcaraNa karanA sukhI hone kA saccA upAya hai, isIlie kavi samyagdarzanAdi ko hitakArI batalAtA hai ---- " samyagdarzana jJAna carana tae ye jiya ko hitakArI / ye hI sAra asAra aura saba yaha cakrI citadhArI / / * yaha vyakti, parivAra, samAja, rASTra aura vizva kI sArvabhaumika aura sArvakAlika ananta samasyAoM kA sArvabhaumika aura sArvakAlika eka mAtra samAdhAna hai| yahI bhUdharadAsa ke pArzvapurANa kI racanA kA eka mahAna uddezya hai / pArzvapurANa kI racanA kA eka uddezya dUsaroM ko grantha par3hakara jJAna kI prApti ho upakAra karanA hai / isa uddezya se hI kavi V 1. pArzvapurANa 2. pArzvapurANa - -- kavi svayaM dharmadhyAna meM rahe tathA isa prakAra sva aura para donoM kA ne grantha banAne kA udyama kiyA hai * " jau lau kavi kAvya heta Agama ke akSara ko, aratha vicAre tau lau siddhi zubhadhyAna kI / aura vaha pATha jaba bhUpari pragaTa hoya, par3he suneM jIva tinheM prApati vai jJAna kI / adhikAra 2 pRSTha 9 adhikAra 3 pRSTha 18 -

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 241 aise kA paralo libAra hita hetu hama, udyama kiyo hai nahi bAna abhimAna kii| jJAna aMza cAkhA bhaI aisI abhilASA aba, karU jori bhASA jina pArasa purAna kii| kavi kA uddezya pArzvanAtha ke caritra ke bahAne pArzvanAtha kI bhakti karanA "prabhu caritra misa kimapi yaha kInoM prabhu gunagAna / bhakti ke vaza hokara hI usane yaha grantha banAyA hai - "maiM aba barano bhaktivaza, zakti mUla mujha nAhiM // " pramAda yA Alasya ko dUra karane ke uddezya se bhI kavi pArzvanAtha kA guNagAna karatA hai arthAt pArzvapurANa kI racanA karatA hai -- "paramAda cora TAlana nimitta, karau pArzvajina guNa kazcana / / " kavi ne dharma bhAvanA ke kAraNa bhI isa grantha kI racanA kI hai--- ___dharmabhAvanA hetu, kimapi bhASA yaha kiinii| pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha ke aneka janmoM kI kathA kahakara kavi kSamA kA phala aura vaira kA phala bhI dikhAnA cAhatA hai : "chimA bhAva phala pAsa jina, kamaTha baira phala jAna / donoM dazA viloka ke, jo hita sau ura jAna / / pahale to kavi kSamA aura vaira kA phala batAkara kahatA hai ki una donoM meM jo hitakArI ho use grahaNa kareM / parantu bAda meM svayaM hI niSkarSa ke rUpa meM hitakArI bhAva kSamA evaM maitrI dhAraNa karane kI preraNA bhI detA hai : "jIva jAti jAvaMta, saba so maitrI bhAva kari / yAko yaha siddhAMta, baira virodha na kIjiye / / " 1. pArzvapurANa pIThikA pRSTha9 2. pArzvapurANa adhikAra 9 pRSTha 95 3. pAvapurANa pRSTha 3 4. pArzvapurANa pIThikA pRSTha 1 5 se 7 taka pArzvapurANa adhikAra 9 pRSTha 95

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242 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : pArzvapurANa kI kathA kA varNana karane ke pIche kavi kA eka anya uddezya zubhAzubha karma arthAt puNya pApa kA phala batalAnA tathA jIva ko Atma-hita kI zikSA arthAt dharma sevana kI preraNA denA bhI hai : "suna zrI pArzvapurANa, jAna zubhAzubha karma phl| suhita heta ura Ana, jagata jIva udyama karo / / "isa hI akhAsinyu soM puNya pApa para bhaav| saMsArI jana bhogave, svarga naraka kI Ava // "dharma padAratha dhanya jaga, jA paTatara kachu nAhi / durgati vAsa bacAya kai, dharai svarga ziva mAhiM / / pArzvanAtha ke caritra kA varNana karane ke sAtha-sAtha kavi kA eka uddezya jaina siddhAntoM kA varNana karanA bhI hai| isIliye usane pArzvanAtha kI divyadhvani dvArA upadeza diye jAne ke rUpa meM jaina siddhAnta ke sAta tattva, chaha dravya, paMcAstikAya, nau padArtha Adi ka vistAra se varNaH dina haigA usa sajana jAnane yogya bhI kahA hai| kavi ke zabdoM meM : "chahoM daraba paMcAsatikAya sAta tattva nau pada smudaay| jAnana joga jagata meM yeha jinasoM jAhi sakala sandeha / / kavi ne antima adhikAra meM pUrNataH jaina siddhAMtoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| yaha adhikAra eka mAtra isI uddezya kI pUrti ke liye likhA gayA hai| pArzvapurANa kA eka uddezya dharma prabhAvanA karanA bhI hai| kavi ke isa uddezya kI pUrti pArzvanAtha dvArA batAye hue mArga para aneka logoM ke calane se ho jAtI hai| pArzvanAtha ke upadezoM se aneka jIva saMsAra se virakta hokara mohAndhakAra kA nAza kara mukti mArga prApta karate haiM : "vacana kiraNa sau moha tama miTayo mahAdukha daay| bairAge jaga jIva bahu kAla labyi bala pAya / / 1. pArzvapurANa adhikAra 9 pRSTha 95 2 se 3 pArzvapurANa adhikAra 9 pRSTha 95 4. pArzvapurANa adhikAra 9 pRSTha 77 5. pArzvapurANa adhikAra 9 pRSTha 91

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana pArzvanAtha ke upadeza se kisI ne mukti prApta kI, koI nagna hokara digambara muni bana gayA, kisI ne zrAvakavrata dhAraNa kiye tathA kisI ne samyagdarzana prApta kiyaa| deva, manuSya, tiryaMca Adi sabhI yathAyogya dharma ko prApta hue / ' isa prakAra pArzvanAtha ke dvArA mahatI dharma prabhAvanA huii| yaha dharma prabhAvanA karanA bhI kavi kA uddezya hai : : "prabhu upadeza pota car3hi dhIra, "tuma vAnI kUMcI kara dhAra, aba sukha soM jehe jana tIra 112 aba bhavi jIva lahai payasAra // 3 243 isa prakAra hama kaha sakate hai ki bhUdharadAsa ke pArzvapurANa" kI racanA ke aneka uddezya haiN| eka ora jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA caritra citraNa karanA, dUsarI ora jaina siddhAntoM kA paricaya karAte hue saMsAra, zarIra, bhogoM kI anityatA, asAratA aura duHkhamayatA batalAkara mokSasukha kI prApti kA mArga prazasta karanA / isameM hI vizvavyApI samasyA ke samAdhAna rUpa moha-rAga-dveSAtmaka yA mithyAdarzana - jJAna cAritrAtmaka vRttiyoM ke zamana karAne va samyagdarzanajJAna- caritra prApta karAne kA uddezya bhI garbhita hai / kavi ne krodha va vaira kI paramparA ko janma janmAntara taka batalAkara usakA phala aneka kuyoniyoM tathA naraka gati meM duHkha kI prApti batalAI hai tathA kSamA va samatA kA phala svarga tathA mokSa sukha batalAyA hai| sAtha hI puNya pApa kA phala athavA zubha-azubha karmoM kA phala batalAkara dharma ke mArga meM lagAnA bhI kavi kA eka anya uddezya hai / kavi "pArzvapurANa" kI racanA karake sammAna evaM sAMsArika sukha kI kAmanA nahIM karatA apitu usane bhakti ke vaza meM hokara nija-para ke upakAra karane hetu dharmabhAvanA se "pArzvapurANa" kI racanA kI hai| 1. pArzvapurANa adhikAra 9 pRSTha 95 2. pArzvapurANa adhikAra 7 pRSTha 64 3. pArzvapurANa adhikAra 7 pRSTha 64 isaprakAra bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita mahAkAvya " pArzvapurANa" meM kathAnaka kI aneka vizeSatAe~, pAtroM kA caritra citraNa, prakRti kA nibhinna rUpoM meM varNana, rasa nirUpaNa tathA uddezya kathana kiyA gayA hai aura inhIM sabake AdhAra para yahA~ mahAkAvya pArzvapurANa kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana kiyA gayA hai|

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244 mahAkAvyetara racanAoM kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana bhUdharasAhitya gadya aura padya donoM meM racita hai| gadya meM mAtra " carcA samAdhAna" aura padya meM "pArzvapurANa", "jainazataka", " padasaMgraha " evaM aneka prakIrNaka racanAe~ haiM / " pArzvapurANa" mahAkAvya hai| pArzvapurANa kA mahAkAvyAtmaka mUlyAMkana evaM usakI anya sabhI vizeSatAoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai|' jaina zataka, padasaMgraha Adi muktaka kAvya ke antargata samAhita hokara mahAkAvyetara racanAe~ mAnI jA sakatI haiN| ata: inhIM racanAoM kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana vivecya hai / muktaka kA artha (paribhASA) evaM vizeSatAe~ mukta zabda meM kan pratyaya ke yoga se usI artha meM muktaka zabda banatA hai, jisakA artha hotA hai- apane Apa meM sampUrNa anya nirapekSa mukta vastu / 2 isI mUla artha se milatI julatI paribhASAe~ aneka kAvya zAstra ke AcAryoM ne dI haiM / muktaka kA ullekha AcArya daNDI ne apane kAvyAdarza meM bhI kiyA hai| kAvyAdarza ke prAcIna TIkAkAra taruNa vAcaspati ne apanI TIkA meM muktaka kA artha spaSTa karate hue likhA hai- "muktaka eka aisA subhASita hotA hai, jo itara kI apekSA nahIM rkhtaa|' "4 kAvyAdarza kI anya TIkA hRdayagaMma ke anusAra- "muktaka vaha zloka hai, jo vAkyAntara kI apekSA na rakhatA ho / "" bAbU gulAbarAya muktaka kI paribhASA dete hue likhate haiM- "muktaka kAvya tArataramya ke bandhana se mukta hone ke kAraNa ( muktena muktakam ) kahalAtA hai aura usakA pratyeka pada svataH pUrNa hotA hai / " 1. prastuta zodha prabandha adhyAya 5 2. " tRtIyodyota locanam" 3. muktakaM kulakaM kozaH saMvAtaH iti tAdRzaH kAvyAdarza 1/13 4. "muktakamitarAnapekSamekaM subhASitam " taruNa vAcaspati mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : * 5. " muktakaM vAkyAntaranirapekSo yaH zlokaH - kAvyAdarza, hRdayagaMma TIkA 6. kAvya ke rUpa bAbU gulAbarAya pRSTha 106 -

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 245 Age ke muktakoM ke pAThya aura geya-aise do bheda batalAkara kahate haiM ki "prAya: geya padoM meM bhAvAtireka aura nijIyana adhika rahatA thA; isalie nijI bhAvAtireka kA prAdhAnya isa vidhA kA mUla tattva ho gayA hai| saMgIta to pragIta kAvya ke nAma se lagA huA hai| saMkSepa meM pragIta kAvya ke tattva isaprakAra haiM-- saMgItAtmakatA aura usake anukUla sarasa pravAhamayI komalakAnta padAvalI, nijI rAgAtmakatA ( jo prAya: Atmanivedana ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai ) saMkSiptatA aura bhAva kI ekattA / yaha kAvya kI anya vidhAoM kI apekSA antaH prerita hotA hai aura isI kAraNa isameM kalA hote hue bhI kRtrimatA kA abhAva rahatA hai|" muktaka ke sambandha meM sampUrNa matoM kA vimarza karake yaha paribhASA banAyI jA sakatI hai __ "muktaka pUrva aura para se nirapekSa, mArmika khaNDa, dRzya athavA saMvedanA ko upasthita karane vAlI vaha racanA hai; jisameM nairantaryapUrva kathA-pravAha nahIM hotA, jisakA prabhAva sUkSma adhika vyApaka kama hotA hai tathA jo svayaM pUrNa arthabhUmi sampanna apekSAkRta ladhu racanA hotI hai / 2 muktaka kI vizeSatAoM ke rUpa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki - 1. muktaka vaha hai, jo anya nirapekSa ho| 2. anibaddha ho ( kathA bandha rahita ho) / 3. eka chanda ho aura rasa carvaNa ( rasasvAda ) karAne meM sahAyaka ho athavA camatkArakSama ho| pUrva nirapekSatA Adi guNa muktaka ke rUpAtmaka pakSa kA pUrNa nirUpaNa karate haiM, lekina muktaka hone ke lie eka chanda kI anivAryatA ThIka nhiiN| 1. kAvya ke rUpa - bAbU gulAbarAya, pRSTha 108 2, hindI muktaka kA vikAsa - jitendranAtha pAThaka, pRSTha 16

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246 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: muktaka aura prabandha meM bheda muktaka kAvya aura prabandha meM kAphI antara hai| AcArya rAmacandra zukla isa antara ko nimnalikhita zabdoM meM abhivyakta karate haiM - "muktaka meM prabandha ke samAna rasa kI dhArA nahIM rahatI jisameM kathA prasaMga kI paristhiti meM bhUlA huA pAThaka nimagna ho jAtA hai aura hRdaya meM eka sthAyI prabhAva grahaNa karatA hai| isameM to rasa ke aise choTe par3ate haiM, jisase hRdaya kalikA thor3I dera ke lie pikhala uThatI hai| yadi ejanma kAvya vistRta vanasthalI hai to muktaka eka cunA huA guladastA hai / usameM uttarottara aneka dRzyoM dvArA saMghaTita pUrNa jIvana yA usake kisI aMga kA pradarzana nahIM hotA, balki koI eka ramaNIya khaNDa, dRzya sahasA sAmane lA diyA jAtA hai|' zrI jitendranAtha pAThaka ke anusAra-"prabandha kavi kI kisI mahatI icchA, itivRttavidhAyinI buddhi aura zilpa cetanA kA pariNAma hai, kintu muktaka kavi kI sadyaHsphurata bhAvukatA samAsa-cetanA aura bhAvavidhAyinI pratibhA kI abhivyakti hai| bAhyarUpa aura aMtaravartI cetanA kI isI bhinnatA ke kAraNa saMbhavataH muktakoM kA nirmANa aura usakA grahaNa kAphI vega se huA aura prabandhoM kA nirmANa kAphI dhIre-dhIre / saMbhavata: isI kAraNa muktakoM kA saMkhyAtIta vizAla sAhitya sAmane AyA aura prabandhoM kA aisA sAhitya jo saralatApUrvaka ginA jA ske| kavi bhUdharadAsa ne eka ora jahA~ pArzvapurANa nAmaka prabandha kAvya kI racanA kI, vahA~ dUsarI ora jainazataka, padasaMgraha Adi muktaka kAvya kI racanA bhI kI / ve donoM hI prakAra ke kAvyoM kI vizeSatAoM ko eka sAtha liye hue haiM / prabandha kAvya kI vizeSatAoM kA vivecana kiyA jA cukA hai / muktaka kAvya kI vizeSatAoM kA vivecana krama-prApta hai| muktaka kAvya meM jainazataka kI bhAvapakSIya vizeSatAoM kA varNana isaprakAra hai 1. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa, AcArya rAmacandra zukla, pRSTha 265 2. hindI muktaka kAvya kA vikAsa, jitendranAtha pAThaka, pRSTha 1

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 247 jainazataka kA bhAvapakSIya vizleSaNa "zataka" kA artha saMkhyAvAcI "sau" hai tathA jainadharma se sambandhita viSayavastu hone ke kAraNa "jainazataka* nAma prasiddha hai| saMkhyAvAcI zabdoM se nAma rakhane kI paramparA kAphI prAcIna rahI hai, jinameM aSTaka, bIsI, caubIsI, paccIsI, battIsI, chattIsI, bAvanI, bahottarI, aSTottarI, zataka satasaI, hajArA Adi nAma kI sahastrAdika kRtiyA~ upalabdha hotI haiN| sAmAnyata: ye racanAe~ muktaka kAvya meM samAhita haiN| saMkhyAparaka kRtiyoM meM usameM Ane vAlI nizcita saMkhyA se kucha adhika saMkhyA meM padoM ke racane kA pracalana rahA hai, jaise bihArI satasaI Adi / bhUdharadAsa ne bhI jainazataka meM 100 se adhika 107 pada race haiN| 107 padoM kA yaha stuti, 'nIti evaM vairAgya ko pradarzita karane vAlA muktaka kAvya hai| pratyeka pada pRthak-pRthak chanda meM pRthak-pRthak viSaya ko liye hue haiN| pratyeka chanda svayaM meM pUrNa svatantra evaM pUrNa hai tathA use kisI dUsare pUrvApara chanda kI apekSA nahIM viSaya varNana ke anusAra "jainazataka" zataka paramparA kI mahatvapUrNa kRti hai| usameM jainadharma se sambandhita stuti, nIti, vairAgya evaM upadeza Adi kA sundara varNana hai| prathama 15 chandoM meM AdinAtha, caMdraprabhu, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra, siddha, sAdhu aura jinavANI kI stuti kI gaI hone se spaSTataH ye sabhI chanda stutiparaka haiN| isIprakAra chanda 93 se 105 taka 13 chandoM meM jaina dharma kI prazaMsA, chanda 81 se 87 taka 7 chandoM meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke cihna RSabhadeva, candraprabhu, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha, rAjA yazodhara ke pUrvamavoM kA kathana hai / ye sabhI chanda stutiparaka kahe jA sakate haiN| vairAgya preraka padyoM ke rUpa meM vairAgya kAmanA chanda 17, rAga evaM vairAgya dazA meM antara chanda 18, bhoga kI cAha kA niSedha chaMda 19. deha kA svarUpa chanda 20, saMsAra kA svarUpa chanda 21, viSaya sukha kI tucchatA evaM jinaguNa smaraNa kI mahattA chanda 22 se 24, sau varSa kI Ayu kA lekhA-jokhA chanda 27, saMsArI jIva kA cintana chanda 32, saMyoga kA viyoga hone para bhI virakta na honA chanda 35,

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa / jina vacana kA kathana chanda 33, sAMsArika kuzalatA kA varNana chanda 36, bur3hApe kA varNana chanda 28, 29 evaM 38 se 42 taka haiN| ye sabhI chanda vairAgya kI utpatti evaM vRddhi ke nimitta haiN| 248 upadezaparaka padyoM meM hitopadeza kI zikSA chanda 25, bur3hApA evaM roga Ane ke pahale Atmahita kI preraNA chanda 26, manuSya bhava kI durlabhatA evaM yuvAvasthA meM dharma karane kI preraNA chanda 30-31, abhimAna niSedha chanda 34, karttavyazikSA evaM sacce deva, zAstra, guru, dharma meM prIti karane kI preraNA chanda 44 se 46, SaTkarma kA upadeza chanda 48-49, saptavyasana kA niSedha chanda 50 se 63 evaM gujarAtI bhASA meM zikSA chanda 89 Adi haiN| nIti paraka padyoM ko vyaktigata, pArivArika, prANIviSayaka, sAmAjika, Arthika mizrita Adi aneka nItiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai| uparyukta vairAgyapreraka evaM upadezaparaka padya vyaktigata nIti meM samAhita kiye jA sakate haiN| pArivArika nIti ke rUpa meM sAMsArika sambandha chanda 25, prANI viSayaka nIti ke rUpa meM pazubali niSedha chanda 47, mAMsa niSedha chanda 52, madyaniSedha chanda 53, AkheTa niSedha chanda 55 haiN| sAmAjika nIti ke antargata vezyAsevana niSedha, parastrI niSedha, kuzIla nindA, zIla prazaMsA chanda 54 se 59 taka kukavi aura kukAvya nindA chanda 64 se 66 taka, guru upakAra chanda 68, durjana kathana chanda 79, vidhAtA se tarka chanda 80 zAmila haiN| Arthika nIti ke rUpa meM juA evaM corI kA niSedha chanda 51 evaM 56, mizrita nIti ke antargata kaSAya jItane kA upAya chanda 69, miSTa vacana chanda 70, vipatti meM dhairya dhAraNa karane kA upadeza chanda 71, honahAra durnivAra chanda 72, kAla sAmarthyaM chanda 73-74, dhana ke sambandha meM nizcinta rahane kA upadeza chanda 75, AzArUpI nadI 76, mahAmUdravarNana chanda 77-78, dravyaliMgI muni kA kathana evaM AtmAnubhava kI prazaMsA chanda 90-91 Adi aneka viSayoM kA varNana hai| isaprakAra jainazataka stuti, vairAgya, upadeza evaM nItiparaka padyoM kA abhUvapUrva grantha hai; jisameM kavi ne isa saba bhAvoM kI sundara abhivyaMjanA kI hai| saMsAra kA eka vizeSa dRSTikoNa se, jo satya para avalaMbita hai, vizleSaNa kiyA hai|

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i eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavi bhUdharadAsa kyA bhAva, kyA bhASA, kyA muhAvaroM kA prayoga, kyA bhASA kA pravAha, kyA viSaya pratipAdana kI zailI, kyA sUktiyoM evaM kahAvatoM kA prayoga- ina saba kAvyocita guNoM meM anya jaina kaviyoM se to Age bar3he hue haiM hI, kiMtu hindI ke bhI kaI kaviyoM meM ucita sthAna pAne ke adhikArI haiM / jainazataka meM unakI isa pratibhA kA paricaya pUrNarUpa se milatA hai / yadyapi unhoMne tatkAlIna pracalita kavitta savaiyA chappaya dohA Adi chandoM ke prayoga kI zailI meM hI apane bhAvoM ko gUMthA hai; kintu phira bhI ve apane bhAvoM ko vyakta karane meM pUrNatayA samartha ho sake haiN| kavitta aura savaiye to bar3e hI sarasa, pravAhapUrNa, lokokti-samAviSTa evaM mahatvapUrNa haiN| kucha viSaya jaise vRddhAvasthA, saMsAra, deha, bhoga-niSedha Adi kAphI acche bana par3e haiN| jisa viSaya ko ve uThA lete haiM, joradAra zabdoM meM usakA anta taka nirvAha karate cale jAte haiN| kahIM zithilatA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai / yadyapi unhoMne zrRMgAra, vIra, hAsya Adi rasoM para pramukha rUpa se apanI lekhanI nahIM uThAI aura jaina paramparA kA nirvAha karate hue zAnta rasa ko hI apanA pramukha viSaya banAyA tathApi usameM bhI ye eka prakAra kA utsAha evaM prabhAva utpanna kara sake haiN| vairAgya, nairAzya, saMsAra kI kSaNabhaMguratA, kAla-prabhAva Adi bhayotpAdaka evaM nIrasa viSayoM ko bhI sarasa, gambhIra aura sundara banAne meM yaha praur3ha kavi samartha ho sakA hai| bIca-bIca meM muhAvaroM evaM lokoktiyoM kA ucita prayoga bhI bhASA ko prabhAvapUrNa evaM bhAvoM ko vizada banAne meM sahAyaka huA hai / 249 bhUdharadAsa kavi kucha azoM meM kabIra ke samAna akkhar3a pratIta hotA hai / jo kahanA cAhatA hai kaha detA hai, chipAtA nahIM, dabAtA nahIM, DaratA nhiiN| usake jaina zataka meM hama kAphI udAratA evaM asAmpradAyikatA pAte haiM / usakI kathana karane kI zailI bhI joradAra evaM prabhAvapUrNa hai| jo viSaya use rucikara hotA hai, usa para dhArAvAhika rUpa meM likhatA jAtA hai, mAno use eka chanda meM saMtoSa nahIM ho rahA ho / jainazataka jaise 107 chaMdoM vAle choTe se graMtha meM yaha apanI kuzalatA, viSaya pratipAdana zailI aura bhASA ke pravAha kA pUrNa paricaya de sakA hai| jaina kaviyoM meM yadi ise lokokti aura rUpaka alaMkAroM kA kavi kahA jAya to

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250 mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : atizayokti nahIM hogI; kyoMki lokoktiyoM aura rUpakoM kA isane bekhaTake prayoga kiyA hai| yadyapi zrRMgArarasa ko rasarAja kaI AcAryoM ne mAnA hai tathA karuNa rasa kA prAdhAnya bhI kaI vidvAnoM ke dvArA svIkAra kiyA jA cukA hai, parantu zAMta rasa kA prAdhAnya bhUdharadAsa dvArA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI adbhuta, vIbhatsa, bhayAnaka, vIra Adi anya rasa bhI unake dvArA prastuta kiye gaye; kyoMki mAnava jIvana meM inakA bhI sthAna hai| saMsAra sukhamaya nahIM, apitu duHkhamaya hai aura use du:khamaya mAnakara virakta honA palAyana nahIM hai, kyoMki mAnavarUpI yAtrI mAnavajIvana rUpI yAtrA para niyati ke Adeza se nikalA hai| vaha apanI yAtrA ko sukhamaya mAnakara calatA hai aura yadi use duHkha prApta hote haiM to use ghora nirAzA hogI; parantu yadi vaha use du:khamaya mAnakara cale aura mArga meM duHkha na bhI ho to use nirAzA nahIM hogI, apitu prasannatA hogI aura vaha apane antima lakSya para pahu~cakara ananta sukhI ho jAyegA / mArga yAda kaTakAkINa na bhI huA ho to koI hAni nahIM, parantu mArga sacamuca nirApada nahIM hai, kyoMki saMsAra duHkhamaya hai| saMsAra meM hama kyA dekhate haiM ? yahI na ki eka AdamI ko kucha sampatti prApta ho gaI to dUsare ne kho dI hai| eka ko vyApAra meM khUba lAbha ho rahA hai to dUsarA sira para hAtha rakhakara ro rahA hai| kisI ke ghara putrotpati huI hai aura vaha Ananda manA rahA hai to kisI kA honahAra putra kAla ke gAla meM samA gayA hai aura vaha ro rahA hai / savere jisake vivAha para prasannatA thI, zAma ko usI kI mRtyu ne sabako zoka sAgara meM DubA diyA, parantu saMsAra apane patha para bar3hA jA rahA hai, rukanA nahIM cAhatA, sadkAryoM kI ora, dharma kI ora pravRtti nahIM karanA cAhatA aura "karorana kI eka eka gharI" ko khotA rahatA hai| saMsAra ke isa nagna satya kA citra kavi ke zabdoM meM isaprakAra hai kAhU ghara putra jAyau kAhU ke viyoga Ayau, kAhU rAga-raMga kAhU roA roI karI hai| jahA~ bhAna Ugata uchAha gIta gAna dekhe, sA~jha samai tAhI thAna hAya hAya parI hai||

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 251 aisI jagarIti ko na dekhi bhayabhIta hoya hA hA nara mUr3ha ! terI mAMta kone harI hai| mAnuSa janama pAya sovata vihAya jAya khobata karorana kI eka eka gharI hai|' saMsAra kI ativicitra sthitiyoM ko dekhakara bhI ajJAnI dhana, jIvatavya Adi se virakta nahIM hotA hai| saba kucha dekhakara bhI anadekhA karatA hai, aise roga kA kyA ilAja kiyA jAya ? dekho bharajobana maiM putra ko viyoga Ayau, taise hI nihArI nijanArI kAla maga maiN| je je punyavAna jIva dIsata hai yA mahI pai, raMka bhayai phirai teU panahIM na paga maiM // ete pai abhAga dhana jItaba sauM dharai rAga, hoya na virAga jAne rahU~go alaga maiN| A~khina vilauki aMgha sUse kI aMdherI kare, aise rAjaroga ko ilAja kahA jaga maiM / / yadyapi saMsAra kI dazA ati kaSTaprada hai| phira bhI ajJAnI rAga kA udaya hone se bhogoM kA bhoganA cAhatA hai / dhana-aizvarya, strI-putra Adi sabhI rAga ke kAraNa use suhAvane lagate haiN| vaha hamezA unhIM meM rata rahatA hai| ve saba use sukhakara pratIta hote haiM kintu binA rAga vAle jJAnI ke lie ye padArtha-bhoga "kAre nAga" ke samAna lagate haiN| yahI rAga aura vairAgya kA antara hai rAga udai bhogabhAva lAgata suhAvane se, binA rAga aise lAgaiM jaise nAga kAre haiN| rAga hI sauM pAga rahe tana maiM sadIva jIva, rAga gaye Avata gilAni hote nyAre haiM / / 1. jaina zataka, chanda 21 2. vahI, chanda 35

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252 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : rAga hI sau jagarIti jhUThI saba sA~cI jAne, rAga miTeM sUjhata asAra khela sAre haiN| rAgI-vinarAgI ke vicAra maiM bar3auI bheda, jaise bhaTA paca kAhU kAhU ko bayAre haiN|' isIlie kavi vItarAgI hone kI bhAvanA bhAte hue kahatA hai kaba gRhavAsa sauM udAsa hoya vana seOM veOM nijarUpa gati rokU~ mana karI kii| rahi hauM aDaula eka Asana acala aMga, sahi ho parAsA zAMta-dhAma-megha-jharI kii| sAMraga samAja khAja kabadhauM khuje haiM Ani, dhyAna-dala-jora-jItUM senA moha-arI kii| ekala-vihArI jathAjAta liMgadhArI kaba, hoU icchAcArI balihArI hauM vA gharI kii| ajJAnI prANI rAga ke kAraNa nita navIna bhogoM ko bhoganA cAhatA hai, kintu bhogoM ke sAdhana prApta kaise hoM ? binA pUrva puNyodaya ke to ve prApta hote nahIM aura yadi karmayoga se mila jAyeM to jIva roga ke kAraNa unheM bhoga nahIM pAtA aura bhoga le to durgati meM duHkha uThAne par3ate haiN| ata: bhogoM kI cAha ThIka nahIM tU nita cAhata bhoga nae nara, pUraba punya binA kima pai hai| karma saMyoga mile kahiM joga, gahe taba roga na bhoga sake hai / / jo dina cAra ko vyauMta banyauM kahU~, tau pari durgati meM pachita hai| yAhite yAra salAha yahI ki, gaI kara jAhu nibAha na hvai hai / ' 1. jaina zataka, chanda 18 2. jaina zataka, chanda 17 3. jaina zataka, chanda 19

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 253 saMsArI jIva kI pravRtti hI kucha aisI hai ki vaha zarIra kI sevA karatA hai, use nahAtA, dhulAtA, sajAtA, shrRNgaartaa| use jarA bhI kaSTa na ho - isakA pUrA-pUrA khyAla rakhatA parantu usane kabhI yaha nahIM socA ki yaha deha kitanI ghinaunI hai ? "mala-mUtra kI thailI hai" ? kavi ke dvArA prastuta isa zarIra kA yathArtharUpa kitanI bhayAnakatA ke sAtha vIbhatsa rasa kI sRSTi kara rahA hai-- mAta-pitA-raja-vIra asauM, upajI saba sAta kuthAta bharI hai| mAkhina ke para mAphika bAhara, cAma ke baiThana ber3ha dharI hai // nAhiM to Aya lagaiM aba hI vaka, vAyasa jIva bacai na gharI hai| deha dazA yahai dIkhata bhrAta, ghinAta nahIM kina buddhi harI hai|' zarIra sevA ke sAtha hI athavA zarIra sevA ke hitArtha hI yaha saMsArI jIva dhana ko bhI khUba cAhatA hai / acche bure kaise bhI dhana kI prApti ho jAya / dhanAgama kI sukhada AzA meM, madhura kalpanA meM yaha taraha-taraha ke svapna dekhatA hai| socatA hai, dhana ho jAya to videza kI yAtrA kara AU~ moTaragAr3I kharIda lU~, baMgalA banavA lU~, putrAdi kA vivAha kara dU~, patnI ko gahanA banavA dU~, koI aisA kArya karUM jisase yaza sRSTi ke anta taka rahe / mAnava kI isI udher3a-buna kA varNana kavi bar3I sajIvatA se karatA hai cAhata hai thana hoya kisI vidha, sau saba kAja sare jiyarA jii| geha cinAya karUM gahanA kachu byAhi sutA suta baoNTiye bhaajii|| cintana yauM dina jAhiM cale, jama Ani acAnaka deta dagA jii| khelata khela khilAri garyai, rahi AI rupI zataraMja kI bAjI // ' saMsArI prANI dhana prApta karane ke lie aneka prakAra ke vicAra karatA hai tathA dhana hone para aneka maMsUbe bA~dhatA hai| parantu dhana kI prApta bhAgya ke, pUrvapuNyodaya ke anusAra hI hotI hai 1. jainazataka chanda 20 2. jainazataka 32

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254 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : jo dhanalAbha lilAra likhyauM, laghu dIragha sukrata ke anusAre / sau lahi hai kachu phera nahIM, marane ke tara sura miyA / / ghATa na bAr3ha kahIM vaha hoya, kahA kara Avata soca vicArai / kUpa kiyauM bhara sAgara meM nara, gAgara mAna milai jala sArai / ' yaha to eka dina avazya hI hogA ki "khilAr3I" calA jAyegA aura "zataraMja kI bAjI" par3I raha jAyegI; kyoMki khilAr3I ko to jAnA hI hogaa| vaha cAhe yA nA cAhe / vaha cAhe kitanA hI upAya kare, kisI kI sAmarthya nahIM ki isa saMsAra meM use koI Ayu se adhika eka kSaNa ke lie bhI roka ske| isI satya ko kavi ina zabdoM meM vyakta karatA hai lohamaI koTa keI koTana kI oTa karau; kA~gurena topa ropi rAkho paTa bherikaiN| indra candra caukAyata caukasa caukI dehu caturaMga camU cahU~ ora raho gherikaiN|| tahA~ eka bhauhirA banAya bIca baiThoM puni, bolo mati koka jo bulAvai nAma tterik| aise parapaMca pA~ti racau kyoM na bhA~ti-bhAMti, kaise hUna chore jama dekhyoM hama herikai // mRtyu ke Ane para sampUrNa dhana, dhAma, kAma, aizvarya Adi jyoM ke tyoM par3e raha jAte haiM teja turaMga suraMga bhalai ratha, mana mataMga utaMga khare hii| dAsa khavAsa avAsa aTA, dhana ora karorana koza bhare hii|| aise bar3he to kahA bhayoM hai nara chori cale uThi anta chare hii| dhAma kharai rahe kAma pare rahe dAma gare rahe ThAma ghare hii||' 1. bainazataka chanda 75 2. vahI chanda 73 3. vahI chanda 33

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T eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana sAdhAraNa janoM kI yaha bAta ho so nhiiN| bar3e-bar3e vIra cakravartI rAjA isa saMsAra meM hue, jinakA Adhipatya bar3e-bar3e bhUbhAgoM para rhaa| jinake AtaMka se 'vasudhA thara-thara kA~patI thii| jo kabhI mauta ke Ane para bhI hAra mAnanA svIkAra nahIM karate the| unheM bhI " honahAra" ke Age sira jhukAnA par3A kaise kaise balI bhapa bhU para vikhyAta bhaye, bairIkula kA~pe neku mahauM ke vikAra sauM / laMghe giri-sAyara divAyara se dipaiM jinoM, kAyara kiye haiM bhaTa koTina hu~kAra sauM / aise mahAmAnI mauta Aye hU na hAra mAnI, kyoM hI utareM na kabhI mAna ke pahArasauM / devasau ne hAre puni dAno sauM na hAre aura, kAhU sauM na hAre eka hAre honahAra sauM / ' 255 saMsAra meM jinake pAsa dhana hai, ve bhI nirdhana hokara daravAje daravAje bhIkha mA~gate hue dekhe jAte haiM / phira bhI ajJAnI loga dhana, aizvarya Adi pAkara abhimAna karate haiM, dharma meM mana nahIM lagAte haiM kaMcana bhaMDAra bhare motina ke puMja pare, ghane loga dvAra khare mAraga nihArate : jAna car3hi Dolata haiM jhIne sura bolata haiM, kAhu kI hU aura neka nIke nA citArate // kaulauM dhana khAMge koTha kahe yauna lAge teI phiraiM pA~ca nAMge ete pai ayAne garabAne raheM vibhau pAya, dhika hai samajha aisI dharma nA sa~bhArate // kAMge para para jhArate / 1. jainazataka chanda 72 2. jainazataka chanda 34

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256 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bhUdharadAsa kA mana vRddhAvasthA ke varNana meM khUba ramA hai / vRddhAvasthA ko inhoMne bar3I hI painI aura sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA hai| isalie isakA inhoMne bar3A hI vizada aura utkRSTa varNana kiyA hai| bur3hApe kA itanA mArmika varNana zAyada hI hindI ke kisI anya kavi ne kiyA ho / zarIra ke dina-pratidina kSINa evaM zithila hone para icchAe~ / haraNaH, bar3hatI hI jAtI hai-... dRSTi ghaTiM palaTI tana kI chabi, baMka bhaI gati laMka naI hai| rUsa rahI paranI gharanI ati, raMka bhayo pariyaka laI hai| kaoNpata hAtha bahaiM mukha lAra, mahAmati saMgati chaoNri gaI hai| aMga upaMga purAne pare, tizanA ura aura navIna bhaI hai|' rUpa ko na khoja rahyau taru jyoM tuSAra dahauM, bhayau patajhAra kiyauM rahI DAra suunii-sii| kUbarI bhaI hai kaTi dUbarI bhaI hai deha UbarI iteka Ayu sera mAhiM pUnI-sI / / jobana meM vidA lInI jarA naiM juhAra kInI, honI bhaI sudhi budhi sabai bAta UnI sii| teja ghaTyo tAva ghaTyau jItava ko cAva ghaTyo, aura saba ghaTyo, eka tisnA dina dUnI sii|| vaidika saMskRti meM sau varSa taka jIvana jIne kI abhilASA vyakta kI gaI hai| kavi isI ko AdhAra mAnakara sau varSa kI Ayu kA lekhA jokhA prastuta karate hue kahatA hai sau varaSa Ayu tAkA lekhA kari dekhA sabai, AdhI to akAratha sovata vihAya re| AdhI meM aneka roga bAla-vRddha-dazA-bhoga, aura hU~ saMyoga kete aise bIta jAya re|| 1. jainazataka chanda 38 2. vahIM chanda 39

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 257 bAkI aba kara rahI tAhi tU vicAra sahI, kAraja kI bAta yahI nIkai mana lAya re| khAtira mai Avai to khalAsI kara itane maiM, bhAvai phaisi phaMdabIca dInau samujhAya re / ' isalie kavi roga, bur3hApA evaM mRtyu Ane ke pahale hI Atmahita karane kI preraNA detA hai jaulauM deha terI kAhU rogasauM na gherI jaulauM, arA nAhi nerI jAsoM parAdhIna prihai| jaulauM jamanAmA bairI deya nA damAmA jaulauM, mAnai kAna rAmA buddhi AI nA bigari hai|| taulauM mitra mere nija kAraja sa~vAra le re, pauruSa thakeMge phera pIche kahA kari hai| aho Aga Ayai jaba jhoparI jarana lAgI, kuA ke khudAye taba kauna kAja sari hai / / sAtha hI mitroM ke dvArA apanI kuzalatA pUche jAne para vaha isaprakAra batalAtA hai joI dina kaTai sauI Ayu meM avasi ghade bU~da bU~da bIte jaiseM aMjulI ko jala hai| deha nita kSIna hota, naina teja hIna hota, jobana malIna hota, chIna hota bala hai| Avai jarA nerI, takai aMtaka aherI, Avai, para bhau najIka, jAta narabhau niphala hai| milakai milApI jana pU~chata kuzala merI, aisI dazA mAhI mitra kAhe kI kuzala hai|' 1. jenazataka chanda 27 2. vahI chanda 26 3. vahIM chanda 37

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258 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bacapana to khelakUda meM yoM hI calA jAtA hai, usa samaya hitAhita kA vicAra hI nahIM rahatA hai aura yuvAvasthA strI ke moha meM, ghara gRhasthI ke kAryoM meM, dhana kamAne Adi meM nikala jAtI hai / aba vRddhAvasthA ke sUcaka sapheda bAla Ane para saceta ho jaao| kavi isa prakAra sambodhita karatA hai bAlapane bAla rahyau pIche gahabhAra valI, lokalAja kAja bA~dhyau pApana ko dara hai| ApanoM akAja kInauM lokana meM jasa lInauM, parabhau visAra dInauM viSavaza jera hai| aise hI gaI vihAya, alapa-sI rahI Aya nara-parajAya yaha AMthe kI baTera hai| Aye seta bhaiyA aba kAla hai avaiyA aho, jAnI re sayA. tere ajauM hU aMdhera hai|' bAlapanai na saMbhAra sakyau kachu, jAnata nAhiM hitAhita hI ko| yauvana vaisa vasI vanitA ura, maiM nita rAga raho lakSamI ko|| yauM pana doI vigor3a daye nara, DArata kyoM narakai nija jI ko| Aye haiM seta ajauM zaTha ! ceta, gaI sugaI aba rAkha rahI ko|| isIprakAra ke pravAha, vidagdhatA, kalpanA, alaMkAra vidhAna evaM lokoktiyoM kA prayoga karate hue kavi ne eka-do nahIM, apitu kaI kavitta likhe haiM / vRddhAvasthA meM manuSya lakar3I lekara kyoM calatA hai ? kyoM kA~patA hai ? isakI yaha sukavi. bar3I vicitra kalpanA karatA hai aho ina Apane abhAga udai nAhiM jAnI, vItarAga-vAnI sAra dayArasa-bhInI hai| jobana ke jora thira-jaMgama aneka jIva, jAni je satAye kachu karUlA na konI hai| 1. jainazataka chanda 28 2. jainazataka chanda 29

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 259 teI aba jIvarAza Aye paralokapAsa, leMge baira deMge dukha bhaI nA navInI hai| UnahI ke bhaya ko bharoso jAna kaoNphta hai yAhi Dara DokarA ne lAThI hAtha lInI hai|' isIprakAra vRddha vyakti apanA sira hilAtA aura nIcI dRSTi kiye kyoM DolatA hai ? kavi ne isakI bar3I sundara kalpanA kI hai|' __ yaha manuSya deha sarvottama hai aura samasta acche kAryoM ke karane yogya hai parantu ajJAnI moharUpI madirA ke naze meM madonmatta hokara AtmA-paramAtmA kA dhyAna nahIM karatA hai aura viSaya bhogoM meM nirantara rata rahatA hai|' dharma sAdhana karane kI abhilASA rakhane vAle vyakti ko kavi salAha detA deva-guru sA~ce mAna sA~cau dharma hiye Ana, sA~co hI bakhAna suni sA~ce paMtha Ava re| jIvana kI dayA pAla jhUTha taji corI TAla, dekha nA virAnI bAla tisanA ghaTAya re|| apanI bar3AI paranindA mata kare bhAI yahI caturAI mada mAMsa ko bacAva re| sAtha SaTakarma sAdhu-saMgati meM baiTha vIra, jo hai dharmasAdhana ko tere cita cAva re / / sAtha hI kavi sarvajJa bhagavAna se prArthanA karatA hai ki jaba taka maiM karmoM kA nAza karake mokSa kA daravAjA nahIM khola letA taba taka mujhako ApakI sevA kA avasara prApta rahe, zAstroM kA abhyAsa rahe, sAdharmIjanoM kI saMgati milatI rahe, 1. jainazataka chanda 40 3. jainazataka chanda 30-31 2, jenazataka chanda 41 4. jainazataka chanda 44

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260 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : sajjanoM ke guNoM ko bakhAna karane kI Adata rahe, dUsaroM ke avaguNa kahane kI Adata dUra rahe / sabhI se ucita aura sukhakArI vacana bolU~ aura hamezA Atmika dhana kI bhAvanA bhaauuN| he prabho ! mere mana kI yaha saba AzAe pUrI hoveN|' vaidika karmakANDa kI pradhAnatA ke kAraNa yajJa meM pazuoM kI bali dI jAtI thii| ve havana kuMDa meM homa diye jAte the| eka viziSTa varga isako nirantara protsAhana detA thA, taba bhUdharadAsa ne bar3e sAhasa se isa kArya kA virodha kiyA aura pazuoM kI ora se vakAlata kii| yajJoM meM home jAne vAle prANiyoM kA pratinidhitva kavi bar3e hI mArmika aura karuNApUrNa zabdoM meM isaprakAra karatA hai-- kahai pazu dIna suna yajJa ke karaiyA mohi homata hutAzana maiM kauna sI bar3AI hai| svargadha * na cahauM "hetu mujhe." yauM vo , ghAsa khAya rahoM mere yahI manabhAI hai| jo tU yaha jAnata hai veda yauM bakhAnata hai, jagya jalau jIva pArdai svarga sukhadAI hai| dvAre kyoM na vIra !yAmaiM apane kuTamba hI ko, mohi jAni jAre jagadIza kI duhAI hai|' isIprakAra pazuhiMsA kI eka pravRtti AkheTa ke samaya bhI dekhI jAtI hai| AkheTaka asahAya bhole bhAle prANiyoM kA zikAra kara yaha samajhatA hai ki vaha bar3I bahAdurI kA kAma kara rahA hai; parantu mRgAdi dIna-hIna nirbala pazuoM kA vadha karane meM kaunasI bahAdurI ? bhUdharadAsa nirdoSa prANiyoM ko mArane kI kaThoratA para kheda vyakta karate haiN|' isI prakAra kavi ne juA khelane, mAMsa khAne, madirA pAna karane, vezyAsevana karane, corI karane, parastrI sevana karane Adi kA niSedha ati mArmika DhaMga se kiyA 1. jainazataka chanda 92 3. jainazataka chanda 55 2, jainazataka chanda 47 4, jainazataka chanda 51 se 57 taka

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 261 kavi ne zIla kI prazaMsA' aura kuzIla kI niMdA karate hue zrRMgAra rasa kI kavitA karane vAle kaviyoM ko Ar3e hAthoM liyA hai, unakI jamakara AlocanA kI hai rAga udai jaga aMdha bhayau, sahajai saba logana lAba gvaaii| sIkha binA nara sIkha rahe visanAdika sevaka kI saghurAI / / tA para aura ra. rasakAvya, kahA kahiye tinako niThurAI / adha asUjhAna kI aMkhiyana meM, jhoMkata haiM raja raamduhaaii|| kaMcana kumbhana kI upamA, kaha deta urojana ko kavi bAre Upara zyAma vilokata ke, maninIlama kI bakanI ki chAre // yauM mata vaina kahaiM na kupaMDita, ye jaga AmiSapiNDa ughaare| sAdhana jhAra daI muMha chAra, bhaye ihi hetu kiyauM kuca kAre // sAtha hI kavi vidhAtA se ina kaviyoM ko daNDa dene kI bAta bar3I caturAI se kaha detA hai| pratyeka vyakti para duHkha AtA hai, duHkha ke samaya vaha adhIra, cintita aura bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai; parantu ghabarAne, cintA karane aura Darane se da:kha dUra nahIM hotA hai; kyoMki pratyeka vyakti ne jo pApabandha parva meM kiyA thA usakA phala usI ko udaya kAla Ane para akele hI bhoganA par3atA hai| dUsarA vyakti use bA~Ta nahIM sakatA hai / ata: duHkha ke samaya jJAtA banane kA upadeza kavi dvArA diyA gayA hai Ayau hai acAnaka bhayAnaka asAtA karma, tAke dUra karive ko bali kauna aha re| je je mana bhAye te kamAye pUrva pApa Apa, teI aba Aye nija udaikAla laha re|| ere mere vIra ! kAhe hota hai adhIra yAmaiM, kou ko na sIra tU akelo Apa saha re| 1. jenazataka chanda 59 3. jainazataka chanda 64 2. jainazavaka chanda 60 4. jainazataka chanda 65 5. jainazataka chanda 66

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262 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bhayai dilagIra kachU pIra na vinasi jAya, tAhI haiM sayAne tU tamAsagIra raha re|| kavi kA bAta kahane kA tarIkA bar3A hI anokhA hai| vaha eka savaiyA chaMda meM jinarAja yA sAdhu kI tapasyA kI bar3I sundara aura vilakSaNa kalpanA karatA hai| ve nIce hAtha laTakA kyoM khar3e haiM ? mAnoM aba unheM saMsAra meM kucha karanA zeSa nahIM rahA hai / sthira ( aDiga ) kyoM khar3e haiM ? kavi kA kahanA hai ki aba unheM kahIM jAnA nahIM rahA, ve cAra gati, caurAsI lAkha yonirUpa saMsAra bhramaNa kI yAtrA samApta kara cuke haiM, isalie acala hokara eka sthAna para khar3e raha gaye haiN| ve nAsAgra kRdhi ko kiye haiM ? ati saMsAra ke. lurAva dArthoM kI ora kyoM nahIM dekhate ? kavi kI kalpanA hai ki ve saba padArthoM ko dekha cuke haiM, anubhava kara cuke haiN| kAnana meM tapasyA karane kyoM nahIM jAte haiM ? ve kAnoM se aba kyA suneM arthAt unheM kucha sunanA zeSa nahIM rahA; isalie ve kAnana meM yoga dhAraNa kara dhyAna meM lIna khar3e haiN| vaha savaiyA nimnalikhita hai karanau kachu na karana te kAraja, tAtai pAni pralamba kare haiN| rahyau na kachu pA~yana taiM paivau, tAhI te pada nAhIM Tare hai| nirakha cuke nainana saba yAdeM, naina nAsikA-anI dhare hai| kAnana kahA sunai yauM kAnana, jogalIna jinarAja khare haiN|' isIprakAra kavi AdinAtha kI stuti karate hue mArmika utprekSAeM karatA hai ki devatAoM ke samUha svarga se pRthvI para utara kara puna:-puna: apane sira ghisa ghisa kara isa taraha praNAma karate haiM, mAnoM ve apane lalATa para banI kukarmoM kI rekhA ko dUra karanA cAhate haiN| AdinAtha ne apanI donoM bhujAoM ko isalie nIce laTakA rakhA hai, mAnoM ve saMsArarUpI kIcar3a meM phaMse duHkhI prANiyoM ko bAhara nikAlanA cAhate haiN| 1. jainazataka chanda 71 2. jainazataka chanda 1 2. jainazataka chanda 3 4 jainazataka chanda 2

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhAratIya saMskRti ke anurUpa isa kavi ke vayavizva meM asAmpradAyikatA dikhAI detI hai; isIlie vaha kisI vyakti vizeSa yA iSTa vizeSa ko namaskAra nahIM karatA, apitu vItarAgI, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI - guNa vAle paramAtmA ko namaskAra karatA hai| cAhe usakA nAma brahmA, mAdhava, maheza, buddha yA mahAvIra kucha bhI kyoM na ho ? jisameM ye guNa haiM, vaha usa deva ko bAra-bAra namaskAra karatA hai 263 hastamala ma nihArai / ke pAra utArai || jo jaga vastu samasta, jagajana ko saMsAra - siMdhu Adi-anta- avirodhi, vacana sabako sukhadAnI / guNa ananta jinheM mAhiM doSa kI nAhiM nizAnI // mAdhava maheza brahmA kidhau, vardhamAna kai buddha yh| ye cihna jAna jAke carana, namo-namo mujha deva vaha ||' isaprakAra jainazataka apane Apa meM anUThA graMtha bana par3A hai| isalie aneka vidvAnoM ne isakI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kI hai| kaI vidvAna isake kAvya sauSThava para mugdha ho gaye haiN| jo bhI vyakti ise par3hatA hai, usakA mana-mayUra nAcane lagatA hai / usameM bhakti, nIti, vairAgya evaM adhyAtma ke bhAva jAgRta hone lagate haiN| DaoN. rAjakumAra jaina ke zabdoM meM- "kavi ne isameM ( jainazataka meM) adhyAtma, nIti evaM vairAgya kI jo triveNI pravAhita kI hai, usameM avagAhana karake pratyeka sahRdaya pAThaka Atmaprabuddha ho sakatA hai|" paM. nAthUrAma premI ke anusAra" yaha eka subhASita saMgraha haiM / isIprakAra bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina ise nIti viSayaka anokhI kRti mAnate haiN| 1. jainazataka chanda 40 2. adhyAtma padAvalI - DaoN. rAjakumAra jaina pRSTha 100 3. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa paM. nAthUrAma premI pRSTha 12 jaina hitaiSI 13/1 4. hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa- bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina pRSTha 104

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264 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kavi ne isakI racanA AgarA meM gulAbasiMha tathA harIsiMha zAha ke vaMzaja dharmAnurAgI puruSoM ke kahane se kI hai| kavi unakI preraNA se apane Alasya kA aMta mAnate hue unakA AbhAra vyakta karatA hai| anta meM kavi jainazataka ke racanAkAla kA ullekha karate hue graMtha samApta karatA hai-. sataraha se ikyAsiyA, poha pAkha tmliin| tithi terasa ravivAra ko zataka samApata kona / ' padasaMgraha yA bhUdharavilAsa kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana jaisA ki pUrva meM tarkasaMgata DhaMga se spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki "bhUdharavilAsa" aura "padasaMgraha" eka hI racanA hai, do pRthak pRthak racanAe~ nahIM haiN| bhUdharavilAsa ke 80 pada to "padasaMgraha" ke nAma se tathA &0 meM se 53 pada "bhUdharavilAsa" ke nAma se prakAzita kiye gaye haiN| vastutaH ve donoM racanAe~ kavi ke padoM kA saMgraha hI haiN| hindI sAhitya meM "pada" kAvyarUpa kA prayoga Arambha se hI dekhane ko milatA hai / apabhraMzakAlIna pada-sAhitya aura siddhoM ke caryA-padoM kI spaSTa chApa hindI pada-sAhitya para dikhAI detI hai / zrRMgAra aura AdhyAtmika padoM kA praNayana hindI ke Arambha meM hI dRSTigata hotA hai| "pada" zabda ke mUla AdhAra do haiM-prathama AdhAra vyAkaraNa aura dUsarA AdhAra saMgIta hai| jaba koI "zabda" vibhakti ke sAtha meM AtA hai taba vaha "pada" kI saMjJA prApta karatA hai| udAharaNa ke lie "rAma" zabda hai parantu jaba yahI zabda "rAma ne rAvaNa ko mArA" Adi vAkya meM kisI vibhikti ke sAtha prayukta hotA hai to pada kI saMjJA prApta karatA hai / yahI zabda jaba rAga-rAganI ke sAtha uccarita hotA hai taba pada kA rUpa dhAraNa kara letA hai / pada praNetA ko rAga-rAginI kA samyagjJAna hotA hai| 1. jainazataka chanda 106 2. jainazataka chanda 107 3. prastuta zodha prabandha, adhyAya 4

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 265 pada kA mUla svara saMgItamaya hai| "Teka" pada kI apanI pravRtti hai| pUre bhAva meM eka-aneka loka chandoM kA mizrita rUpa prayoga meM AtA hai| pada ke bhAva kA kendra "Teka" meM samAhita rahatA hai / muktaka zailI ke chanda ke anta meM bhAvotkarSa abhivyakta hotA hai, jabaki pada zailI meM vaha "Teka meM mukharita hotA hindI pada sAhitya kI do dhArAe~ pravAhamAna rahI haiM-prathama santoM ko "sabada" zailI aura dUsarI kRSNa-bhaktoM kI pada-zailI 1 siddhoM ke caryA padoM kI tathA nAthoM kI bhAvanA aura pratIkoM kI sampadA santa kaviyoM ne grahaNa kI hai| kRSNa bhaktoM kI pada zailI lokagItoM para AdhArita hai| vidyApati isI paramparA kA pratinidhitva karate haiN| padoM kI paramparA meM bahuta kucha samAnatA hote hue bhI apanI nijatA ke kAraNa yaha paramparA pada-vAGmaya ko ucca zikhara para pahu~cA detI hai| paramAnandadAsa, kRSNadAsa, nandadAsa paryanta aSTachApI kaviyoM para sUradAsa kA prabhAva parilakSita hai ! isase eai mIgalAI jaimpI lidAsI kavayitrI ne mahatvapUrNa padoM kI racanA kI hai, jinheM hindI aura ahindI kSetroM meM sarvAdhika gAyA jAtA hai| rAmakAvya ke antargata tulasI ne aneka padoM kA sRjana kiyA hai| "gItAvalI" kI racanA pada zailI meM hI huI hai, jisakA vikAsa "vinayapatrikA meM parilakSita hai| cUMki padoM kI isa paramparA meM sAmAjika maryAdA kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA gayA hai, isalie inakA vyavahAra khulakara nahIM ho sakA hai| uparyukta vaiSNavI bhAvadhArA ke samAnAntara jaina bhAvadhArA bhI pravAhita hotI rahI hai, jisakA viSaya AdhyAtmika aura bhaktiparaka rahA hai| jaina pada racayitAoM ne bhaktiparaka, AdhyAtmika dArzanika, virahAtmaka aura samAja kA citraNa karane vAle padoM kA praNayana karake apane samaya kI AdhyAtmika evaM sAhityika cetanA ko camatkRta kiyA hai / ina racayitAoM meM kavivara banArasIdAsa dyAnatarAya, bhUdharadAsa budhajana, daulatarAma, bhAgacanda, rUpacandra, bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti, bhaTTAraka kumudacandra, jagajIvana, jagatarAma, bakhtarAma zAha, navalarAma, chatrapati, paM. mahAcanda Adi pramukha haiN| inameM bhUdharadAsa kA apanA eka viziSTa sthAna hai|

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa ye sabhI kavi kabIra, sUra, tulasI, nIrA Adi biyoM ke samAna dhyakAla ke kavi haiM / 266 madhyakAla ke kaviyoM meM " pada zailI" priya rahI hai| isa " padazailI" kA prayoga jaina aura jainettara- donoM kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| jisaprakAra hindI sAhitya ke * kRSNabhakta, rAmabhakta, santakavi Adi ne padoM ke mAdhyama se bhakti, prema, adhyAtma, viraha Adi ke citra upasthita kie haiM / usIprakAra banArasIdAsa, dyAnatarAya, bhUdharadAsa Adi jaina kaviyoM ne bhI kie haiN| padoM ko rAga-rAganiyoM kA zIrSaka dekara rakhane kI prathA arvAcIna nahIM hai| rAgabaddha padoM kI do paramparAe~ milatI - eka sarasa aura dUsarI upadezapradhAna / sarasa paramparA meM sAhityika rasa aura mAnava anubhUti kA bar3A hI sundara citraNa huA hai| isa pada paramparA meM vidyApati, braja kI kRSNabhakta kavi mIrA Adi pradhAna haiN| dUsarI upadeza aura nItipradhAna dhArA kA prArambhika svarUpa sAdhanAparaka bauddha siddhoM ke padoM meM dekhA jA sakatA hai| kabIra ke padoM meM sAdhanAparaka svara pradhAna hote hue bhI kAvya kI jhalaka milatI haiM / anya santoM ke padoM meM kAvya kI mAtrA bahuta hI kama hai; kintu madhyayuga ke sAhitya meM upadeza aura nIti ke lie dohoM kA hI pradhAnarUpa se prayoga huA hai / jaina padoM meM upadeza, tattvajJAna, vairAgya evaM kAvyatva kA samIkaraNa samAhita hai| jainadharma, darzana, upadeza aura udbodhana ke atirikta nAmasmaraNa kA mAhAtmya bhI ina padoM meM mukharita hai| ina padoM meM vyaMjita bhAva meM sarasatA, pravaNatA, mana ko anuraMjita karane vAlI kavikalpanA, bhakti aura dhArmika bhAvanA hai / inake atirikta hindI bhakti yuga kI anya samasta pravRttiyA~ bhI jaina hindI padoM meM parilakSita hotI haiN| jIva, jagata aura jIvana kI sArthakatA ina padoM kI mukhya bhAvadhArA hai / isa bhAvadhArA ko apanA yoga dene aura Age bar3hAne kA zreya bhUdharadAsa ko bhI hai / 1 hindI jaina sAhitya ke pada racayitAoM meM kavi bhUdharadAsa kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| jaina bhakta kaviyoM kI zailI evaM paramparA kA poSaNa kavi ke pada sAhitya meM pUrNa rUpa se huA hai| jJAna, karma, bhakti, AcAra-vicAra evaM vairAgya Adi kI dRSTi se kavi kA sthAna hindI sAhitya meM mahattva kA rahA haiM / kavi kI padaracanA kA uddezya bhakti, vairAgya, nIti evaM adhyAtma bhAva kA adhika se adhika pracAra karanA rahA hai, isalie unhoMne ina padoM ko sarala

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 267 svAbhAvika bhASA meM likhA hai / padoM kI yaha bhASA braja hai kintu usameM prAdezika bolI ke sAtha-sAtha anya bhASAoM ke zabda bhI milate haiN| kavi ne ina padoM ko soraTha, khyAla (baravA) khayAla kAnhar3I, ghanAsAro (ghanAzrI) bihAga, kAphI, sAraMga, bilAvala, baMgAlA, malAra (malhAra) paMcama, naTa, gaurI, rAmakalI, bhairava, kAliMgar3A, salahAmAru Adi rAga-rAganiyoM meM likhA hai| bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita padoM kI prApti ke do srotra haiM 1. vibhinna prakAzita padasaMgraha 2. aneka zAstrabhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hastalikhita guTake / donoM hI prakAra ke sAdhanoM se prApta bhUdharadAsa ke padoM kI kula saMkhyA 96 nizcita hotI hai|' pUrva meM ina padoM ko bhaktiparaka, vipralabha-zrRMgAraparaka adhyAtma evaM nItiparaka ke rUpa meM vibhAjita karate hue inakI viSayavAra nizcita saMkhyA dI jA cukI hai| bhaktiparaka padoM meM kavi ne deva, zAstra, guru evaM dharma ke prati bhI bhakti bhAva pradarzita kiyA hai| ina padoM meM kavi ne jahA~ eka ora arahaMta siddha ke rUpa meM sAmAnya jinendra prabhu kI bhakti kI hai vahA~ dUsarI ora RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha, zAMtinAtha, neminAtha, sImaMdhara Adi vizeSa tIrthakaroM kI bhI bhakti kI hai| vipralaMbha zrRMgAraparaka padoM meM kavi ne nemi aura rAjula kA praNaya pUrA na hone para bhI rAjula dvArA neminAtha ke prati anurAga pradarzita kiyA hai tathA unake viyoga meM huI pIr3A ko abhivyakti dI hai| ina padoM meM lokamaryAdA kA ullaMghana aura vAsanA kI gaMdha dikhAI nahIM detI hai| inake dvArA lokamaMgala aura lokaraMjana kI bhAvanA vyakta huI hai| sAtha hI bhAratIya nArI kI garimA siddha huI hai| rAjula vaha bhAratIya nArI hai, jisameM bhAratIya saMskRti kA satya, saundarya evaM zivatva mukharita huA hai| adhyAtmaparaka padoM meM Atmahita kI preraNA ke sAtha jIva, jagata Adi tattvajJAna evaM dharma kA upadeza bhI diyA hai| saMsAra, zarIra, bhoga strI, putrAdi se 1. prastuta zodha prabandha adhyAya 4 2. prastuta prabandha zodha adhyAya 4

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268 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : haTane kI salAha dete hue vairAgyaprApti evaM AtmalInatA kI preraNA dI gaI hai| DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI ne bhUdharadAsa ke padoM ko sAta bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA hai unakA kathana isaprakAra hai-"mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa kI tIsarI racanA padasaMgraha hai| unake padoM ko-1. stutiparaka 2. jIva ke ajJAnavasthA ke kAraNa, pariNAma aura vistAra sUcaka 3. ArAdhya kI zaraNa ke dRr3ha vizvAsa sUcaka 4. adhyAtmopadezI, 5. saMsAra aura zarIra se virakti utpAdaka 6. nAma smaraNa ke mahattvadyotaka aura 7. manuSyatva ke pUrNa abhivyaMjaka - ina sAta vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA Age ve ina padoM kI vizeSatAe~ batalAte hue kahate haiM ki "ina sabhI prakAra ke padoM meM zAbdika komalatA, bhAvoM kI mAdakatA aura kalpanAoM kA indrajAla samanvita rUpa se vidyamAna hai / inake padoM meM rAga-virAga kA gaMgA-yamunI saMgama hone para bhI zrRMgAritA nahIM hai / kaI pada sUradAsa ke padoM ke samAna dRSTikUTa bhI haiM / isaprakAra bhUdharadAsa ke pada jIvana meM AsthA, vizvAsa kI bhAvanA jAgRta karate haiM / 2 DaoN. rAjakumAra jaina ne bhUdharadAsa ke padoM kI aneka vizeSatAe~ batalAyI haiN| ve likhate haiM- "bhUdharadAsa kI eka anya racanA padasaMgraha hai, jisameM pada-pada para adhyAtma, vairAgya aura zAMta rasa ucchalita hotA hai / isameM kula milAkara 80 pada haiM aura katipaya stutiyA~ bhii| bhUdhara ke padoM meM jJAna kA jo bhavyarUpa aMkita huA hai, vaha hindI sAhitya meM adbhuta hai| zraddhA aura viveka kA aisA sAmaMjasya bhI anyatra durlabha hai / ina padoM meM bhAvAtmaka pRSThabhUmi, vicAroM kI sAttvikatA, AtmaniSTha anubhUti kI gaharAI, abhivyakti kI sugharAI, inakI saralatA, zAlInatA tathA sarasa geyatA saba bhavya hai| ina saba tatvoM kA samanvaya hI vicArazIla pAThakoM ke mana meM lokottara Ananda kI sRSTi karatA hai|" viSayagata evaM bhAvagata samasta vizeSatAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue bhUdharadAsa ke padoM meM varNita bhAvoM ko nimnalikhita binduoM ke AdhAra para bhI vizleSita kiyA jA sakatA hai 1. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI bhAga 4 pRSTha 276 2 tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI bhAga 4 pRSTha 277 3. adhyAtma padAvalI - haoN. rAjakumAra jaina, pRSTha 101

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 269 1. sakhya bhAva - svayaM kA mitra banakara svayaM ko samajhAnA sakhya bhAva hai / AtmA meM hI paramAtmA banane kI zakti hai parantu vaha use bhUlakara para padArthoMviSaya-kaSAyoM ( pApa bhAvoM ) kA sAtha karatA hai| isalie bhUdharadAsa eka mitra ke samAna apane AtmA ko aneka prakAra se samajhate haiN| ve jina padoM ke dvArA apane AtmA ko samajhate haiM, ve pada haiM(ka) ajJAnI pApa dhatUrA na boy| phala cAkhana kI bAra bharai daga, mara hai pUrakha roy||' (kha) mana haMsa ! hamArI lai zikSA hitkaarii| zrI bhagavAna parana piMjare pAsa vi viSaya kI yArI // mere mana sUvA, jinapada pIjare vasi, yAra lAva na bAra re / saMsAra meM viSabaccha sevata, gayo kAla apAra re||' (gha) vIrA ! thArI vAna burI parI re, varajyo mAnata naahiN| viSaya vinoda mahA bure re, dukhadAtA srvNg| tU haTasauM aise smai re, dIbe par3ata pataMga / / vIrA / / ' antara ujjavala karanA re bhaaii| kapaTa kRpAna tajai nahiM tabalauM, karanI kAja na saranA re // (ca) cita ! cetana kI yaha viriyA~ re| uttama janama sunata tasnApI, sujata bela phala phariyAM re|| ina padoM meM kavi ne apane Apako kramaza: ajJAnI, haMsa, suA ( totA ) vIrA, bhAI va cetana kahA hai| sAtha hI sAMsarika moha-mAyA, viSaya kaSAya Adi ke duSpariNAmoM kI carcA karate hue ina vikAroM se pRthak rahane ke lie use eka mitra kI taraha saMbhAlA hai| jainadharmAnusAra AtmA aura paramAtmA meM svabhAva se koI antara nahIM hai saMsArI AtmA hI karmamala se rahita hone para siddha bana jAtI 1. bhUdharavilAsa pada 4 3. vahI pada 5 5. vahIM pada 31 2. vahI pada 33 4. vahIM pada 32 6. vahI pada 27

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270 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : hai / siddha hI prabhu hai / isaprakara bhUdharadAsa ke padoM meM sakhya bhAva kI bhaktibhAvanA dikhAI detI hai| 2. dAsya bhAva - ArAdhya ke prati vinaya kI bhAvanA dAsya bhAva hai| dAsya bhAva ke antargata ArAdhya kI prabhutA, zaraNAgata kI rakSA, vatsalatA Adi bhAvoM ke prati AsthA aura Adara pradarzita kara bhakta apanI dInatA, laghutA tathA yAcanA kI carcA karatA hai| kavi bhUdharadAsa apane prabhu ko "dInadayAlu" mAnakara apane Upara kRpA karane kI bAta isaprakAra karate haiM aho ! jagataguru deva, suniyo araja hmaarii| tuma ho dInadayAla, maiM pitamA saMsArI / isa bhava bana meM vAdi kAla anAdi gmaayo| bhramata cahu~gati mAhiM sukha nahiM duHkha bahu pAyo / / ----H +Ma+++H+HIH.Hirk -.--.an.rani. i m+H H HI. - n... duSTana dehu nikAra, sAdhuna ko rakha lIjai / vinavai bhUdharadAsa he prabhu ! DhIla na kIjai // kavi apane prabhu kI adbhuta mahimA kA bakhAna karate hue unheM patitapAvana aura adhama-uddhAraka ke rUpa meM dekhatA hai| sAtha hI unase sevA kA varadAna mAMgate hue unheM dAnI tathA apane ko yAcaka bhI kaha detA hai abalo nahiM ura AnI // mhe to|| Teka kAhe ko bhavavana meM pramate, kyoM hote duHkhadAnI // nAma pratApa tire aMjana se, kIcaka se abhimaanii| .... ....NIHINHHH H .. ...WHHHHIHIN-.. aisI sAkha bahuta suniyata hai, jaina-purANa bakhAnI / / "bhUyara' ko sevA vara dIjai, maiM jAcaka tuma daanii||' 1. jaina pada saMmaha tRtIya pAga-jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, vinatI pada - 7 tathA vRhajjinavANI saMgraha pRSTha 530-531 2. bhUSavilAsa pada 49 3. vahI pada 37

Page #301
271 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana kavi apane Apako adhama mAnakara karuNA ke sAgara zAntinAtha prabhu se saMsAra samudra se pAra karane, bhavadvanda ko samApta kara tArane kI bAta kahatA hai ejI mohi tAriye, zAnti jinnd|| tAriye-tAriye adhama udhAriye, tuma karuNA ke kanda / / ........................ "bhUdhara" vinavai dUra karo prabhu, sevaka ke bhavadvanda // kavi apane ko sImandhara svAmI ke caraNoM kA celA (ziSya) mAnakara apane prabhu ko samartha nirUpita karatA hai-- sImandhara svAmI, maiM carana kA ceraa| isa saMsAra asAra meM koI aura na rakSaka meraa| 4.HHH++ + +hir... ........+ H+ H++ ....am m +H+ " HINhi..... .. . ....H H .. ...+. HI. nAma liye adha na rahe jyoM, UmaiM bhAna andheraa| "bhUdhara* cintA kyA rahI, aisA saparatha sAhiba tera / ' sUra aura tulasI kI taraha kavi bhUdharadAsa ne bhI apane ArAdhya ke prati ekaniSThatA yA ananyatA kA bhAva pradarzita kiyA hai; parantu isa ananyatA meM kavi kA moha vyakti vizeSa ke prati na hokara guNoM ke prati rahA hai| yaha jaina ArAdhya kA apanA vaiziSTya hai| hindI bhakta kaviyoM kI taraha kavi bhUdharadAsa ne bhI apane ArAdhya ke nAmasmaraNa yA nAmajapa kI mahattA ko aneka prakAra se abhivyaMjita kiyA hai| nAmajapa kI mahimA ko batalAne vAle kavi ke aneka pada darzanIya hai / udAharaNArtha(ka) jinarAja nA visAro, mati janma vAdi haaro|| (kha) saba vidhi karana utAvalA, sumarana ko sIrA // (ga) raTi rasanA merI RSabha jinanda sura nara yakSa cakorana canda // (gha) merI jIbha AThauM jAma, api-japi RSabha jinezvara nAma // 1. bhUSavilAsa pada 39 3. jainazataka chanda 46 5. bhUdharavilAsa pada 15 7. vahI pada 23 2 pUdharavilAsa pada 2 4. bhUdharavilAsa pada 25,36,41 6. vahI pada 22 8. vahI pada 24

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272 mahAkavi pUgharadAsa : (5) aba nita nemi nAma bhjau| saccA sAhiba yaha nija jAnau, aura adeva tajau // ' (ca) japi mAlA jinavara nAma kii| bhajana sudhArasa soM nahIM dhoI, so rasanA kisa kAma kii|| (cha) aura saba thothI bAteM, bhaja le zrI bhagavAna / prabhu bina pAlaka koI na terA, svArathamIta jahAna / ' kavi dvArA racita badhAI ' aura prabhAtI padoM meM kavi kA vinaya bhAva evaM dAsyabhAva atyanta mukhara ho uThA hai| kavi ne ArAdhya kI ananyatA, zaraNAgata-vAtsalatA, adhama uddhArakAH, patitapAvanatA Adi ke kAma meM jAne iSTa kI mahimA tathA apanI dInatA, hInatA, laghRtA, yAcanA Adi ke rUpa meM apanA vinaya evaM dAsye bhAva vyakta kiyA hai| sAtha hI nAma-japa ke dvArA laukika samRddhi ke atirikta alaukika siddhi ( mokSa prApti) kI bAta bhI kahI hai| bhUdharadAsa ke ina saba kathanoM para jainetara bhakti kA yatkiMcita prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| phira bhI jainadharma ke ArAdhya kI vItarAgatA para thor3I bhI A~ca nahIM AtI; kyoMki vyavahAra naya ke dvArA isaprakAra ke kathana karane meM koI doSa nahIM aataa| nizcaya naya se bhagavAna kisI ke kartA, dhartA, hartA, haiM hI nahIM, mAtra upacAra meM unameM kartRtva kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| sakhya aura dAsya bhAva kI bhakti ke atirikta bhUdharadAsa ke padoM meM anurAgamUlaka bhakti bhI dikhAI detI hai| bhUdharadAsa apane bhagavAna ko dekhakara aise vimugdha hue ki bhava-bhava meM bhakti kI yAcanA karane lage bharanayana nirakhai nAtha tumako, aura bAMchA nA rhii| mama saba manoratha bhaye pUraNa, raMka mAnoM nidhi lhii|| aba hoU bhava-bhava bhakti tumhArI, kapA aisI kiijie| kara jora "bhUdharadAsa" binadai, yahI vara mohi dIjiye / / " 1. bhUSaravilAsa pada 36 3.vahI pada 44 5. bhUSavilAsa pada 51 2. kahI pada 43 4. jaina pada saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga, pada 31 6. jainapada saMgraha, tRtIya pAga,pada 71

Page #303
! eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana isIprakAra bhUdharadAsa apane ArAdhya se bhava-nava meM svAmI hone kI tathA svayaM ke sevaka hone kI prArthanA isaprakAra karate haiM kaba hou bhava bhava svAmI mere maiM sadA sevaka rahauM / kara ori yaha varadAna mA~goM, pokhapada jAvata lahauM / ' bhakti se mukti bhI jainadharma meM upacAra se kahI jAtI hai| vAstava meM bhakti rAgarUpa hone se mokSa kA kAraNa nahIM hai| vItarAgatA hI mokSa kA kAraNa hai / isIprakAra bhakti sAdhya bhI nahIM hai, sAdhana mAtra hai| bhakti dvArA jIva viSaya - kaSAya se bacakara sad nimittoM kA sAnnidhya prApta kara letA hai; yahI bhakti kI upayogitA hai | 3. prema bhAva bhUdharadAsa ne Atma- pariSkArajanyaM bhagavad-prema kA varNana laukika upakaraNoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se kavi dvArA varNita AdhyAtmika holiyA~, AdhyAtmika vivAha, nemi - rAjula kA prema evaM viraha, saMyoga- zrRMgAra evaM dAmpatya paddhati para racita pada ullekhanIya haiN| * bhUdharadAsa ne AdhyAtmika holiyoM kA varNana aneka prakAra se kiyA hai / nAyikA apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha zraddhArUpI gagarI meM Ananda rUpI jala se rucirUpI kesara gholakara aura raMge hue nIra ko, umaMga rUpI picakArI meM bharakara apane pati ke Upara chor3atI hai| sAtha hI pati ke sAtha holI khelakara apane viraha kA anta mAnatI hai-- horI khelUMgI ghara Aye cidAnanda / zivara mithyAta gaI aba Ai kAla kI labdhi basaMta // pIya saMga khelani koM, hama saiye tarasI kAla ananta / bhAga jagyo aba phAga racAnau, Ayau viraha ko aMta // 273 . saradhA gAgara meM ruci rUpI kesara dhori turanta / Ananda nIra umaMga picakArI choDUMgI nIkI bhaMta // 1. pArzvanAtha stuti, prakIrNaka pada, antima chanda

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274 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : Aja viyoga kumati sautani kauM, mere haraSa anNt| bhUdhara pati ehI dina durlabha-sumati sakhI bihasaMta // eka anya holI pada meM kavi ne AtmArUpI puruSa evaM subuddhirUpI kizorI ke bIca holI khelane kA citraNa karate hue dUsare prakAra kA rUpaka prastuta kiyA hai| vaha pada nimnalikhita hai aho doU raMga bhare khelata horI alakha amarati kI jorI / / itamaiM Atama rAma raMgIle, utamaiM subuddhi kisorii| . yA ke jJAna sakhA saMga sundara, bAkai saMga samatA gaurI // suci mana salila dayArasa kesari, udai kalasa meM ghorii| pUrava baMdha abIra ur3Avata dAna gulAla bhara jhorii|' isIprakAra kavi ne AdhyAtmika vivAha ke antargata cetana ko patti tathA sumati ko patnI nirUpita karate hue prema yA vivAha kA varNana kiyA hai| neminAtha aura rAjula ke prema ko kavi ne atyanta svaccha, svastha maryAdita evaM bhAratIya saMskRti ke anurUpa prastuta kiyA hai-- dekhyo rI ! sakhI nemikumAra / / nainani pyAro nAtha hamAro, prAna jIvana prAnana AdhAra / ' isI mAdhurya bhAva kI pRSThabhUmi meM rAjula dvArA apane viraha ko vyakta kiyA gayA hai| isa viraha varNana meM jAyasI ke viraha varNana kI taraha "UhA" ke darzana nahIM hote haiM / udAharaNArtha(ka) mAM vilaMba na lAva paThAva tahArI, jaiha jagapati piya pyaaro|| aura na mohi suhAya kachu aba dIsai jagata aMdhAro rii|| (kha) nemi binA na rahe mero jiyarA / / hera rI helI tapata ura kaisI, lAvata kyoM nija hAtha na niyarA // 1. hindI pada saMgraha, sAhitya zodha vibhAga, zrI mahAvIrajI, pRSTha 159 2. hindI pada saMgraha, sAhitya zodha vibhAga, zrI mahAvIrajI, pRSTha 149 3. pUdharavilAsa pada 14 4, vahI pada 13 5. vahI pada 20

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana ( ga ) hAM lai cala rI ! jahAM yAdavapati pyAro | 1 nemi nizAkara bina yaha candA, tana-mana dahata sakkala rI // ' saMyoga zrRMgAra aura dAmpatya paddhati para racita padoM meM bhUdharadAsa ne hindI santa kaviyoM kI bhA~ti bhagavAna ko "piya" aura svayaM ko "tiya" nirUpita karate hue alaukika prema kI abhivyakti kI hai| isa prema meM viraha kA duHkha bhI dikhAI detA hai| udAharaNArtha hoM to kahA karoM kita jAu sakhI, aba kAsauM pIra kahU~ rii| bharatA bhIkha daI guNa mAnauM, jo bAlama ghara Avai // 44+4+44+........................... -------- sumati vadhU yauM dIna duhAgana, dina-dina jhurata nirAsA // bhUdhara pIDa prasanna bhaye, vaise na tiya gharavAsA // 4. zAnta bhAva- bhUdharadAsa kI AdhyAtmika abhivyakti meM zAntabhAva kA udreka huA hai| kavi ne mokSa ko parama zAnti kA sthAna nirUpita karate hue bhagavadbhajana ko usakA kAraNa batAyA hai| kavi ke anusAra bhagavat- bhajana meM hI sthAyI zAnti hai / kavi ne adhyAtma bhAva ke nirUpaNa meM saMsAra zarIra evaM bhogoM kI anityatA, azaraNatA, niHsAratA, duHkharUpatA Adi batalAkara nirveda bhAva ko utpanna karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai yathA bhagavanta bhajana kyoM bhUlA re / yaha saMsAra raina kA supanA, tana dhana vAri babUlA re // isa jIvana kA kauna bharosA, pAvaka meM tRNa pUlA re / kAla kudAra liye sira ThAr3A, kyA samajhe mana phUlA re / / lUlA re / mUlA re / / 275 svAstha sAdhe pAMva pAMva tU paramAratha ko duHkha kahu kaise sukha pAve prANI, kAma karai moha pizAca chalyo mati more, nija kara kanya vasUlA re / bhaja zrI rAjamatIvara "bhUdhara" do duramati sira dhUlA re // 2. jaina pada saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga 29 1. bhUdharavilAsa pada 48 3. bhUdharavilAsa pada 18

Page #306
276 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 5. AtmA kA kathana * bhUdharadAsa deharUpI devala meM virAjamAna kevalajJAnarUpI zuddha, niraMjana, caitanyamaya evaM avinAzI AtmA ko prApta karane kI preraNA dete haiM dekho bhAI ! Atama deva viraajai| isa hI hUTha hAtha devala meM, kevala rUpI rAjai // amala udAsa jotimaya jAkI, mudrA maMjula chaajai| muni jana pUjana acala avinAzI, guNa baranata budhi lAjai // para saMjoga amala pratibhAsata, nija guNa mUla na tyaajai| jaina phaTika pAkhAna heta soM, syAma aru duti sAjai / / so'haM pada mamatA soM dhyAvateM, ghaTa hI meM prabhu paauuN| "bhUdhara" nikaTa nivAsa jAsu ko, guru bina bharama na bhAjai / / jisaprakAra hiraNa nAbhi meM kastUrI hone para bhI use DhU~Dhane ke lie bhrama ke kAraNa vana-vana bhaTakatA hai| usIprakAra ajJAnI prANI svayaM sukhasvarUpa AtmA hote hue bhI sukha kI khoja meM idhara-udhara bhaTakatA hai| bhUdharadAsa ko aise ajJAniyoM para ha~sI AtI hai pAnI meM mIna piyAsI re, mohe raha raha Ave hA~sI re // jJAna binA bhava vana meM bhaTakyo, kita jamunA kiMta kAzI re|| jaise hiraNa nAbhi kastUrI, vana-vana phirata udAsI re|| 'bhUdhara" bharama jAla ko sthAgo, miTa jAye jama kI phA~sI re // 6. pApoM ko chor3ane kA upadeza evaM mAnava jIvana kI durlabhatA bhUdharadAsa dharma prApti hetu pApoM aura viSayakaSAyoM ko chor3ane kA upadeza isaprakAra dete haiM ajJAnI pApa dhatUrA na boy| . phala cAkhana ko bAra bharai dga mari hai mUrakha roya / / 1. adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA, saM. paM. jJAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 48 2. adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA, sa. pa. jJAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 50

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 277 kiMcit viSayani ke sukha kAraNa, durlabha deha na khoya / aisA avasara phira na milaigA, moha nIMda mata soya // ' sAtha hI ve manuSya janma evaM zrAvaka kula ko mahA se mahA durlabha batAte hue aneka udAharaNoM dvArA vyartha na khone kI salAha dete haiM aise zrAvaka kula tuma pAya vRthA kyoM khobata ho / kaThina-kaThina kara narabhava pAyo, tuma lekho aasaan| dharma visAri viSaya meM rAcI, mAnI na guru kI Ana // ' 7. mana kI pavitratA - 17 vIM -18 vIM zatAbdI meM jainadharma meM bhaTTAraka prathA ke kAraNa aneka kriyAkANDa sira uThA rahe the| bhUdharadAsa ne unakA khaNDana karate hue mana kI pavitratA yA antara kI ujjvalatA para bala diyA hai| yadi anta:karaNa viSaya-kaSAya rUpI kIcar3a se lipta hai to japa-tapa, tIrthayAtrA, vratAdi kA pAlana karanA, Agama kA abhyAsa karanA Adi vyartha hai| bhUdharadAsa ne mana kI pavitratA para dhyAna AkarSita karate hue kahA hai bhAI ! antara ujjavala karanA re|| kapaTa kRpAna tajai nahiM tabalauM, karanI kAja na saranA re / / japa-tapa tIratha yajJa vratAdika, Agama artha ucaranA re| viSaya-kaSAya koca nahiM dhoyo, yoM hI paci-paci maranA re|' 8. abhimAna kA niSedha - bhUdharadAsa tana, dhana, yauvana, jIvana Adi ko kSaNabhaMgura mAnakara unake abhimAna kA niSedha karate hue kahate haiM(ka) he nara nipaTa gaivAra, garaba nahiM kIjai re|| jhUThI kAyA jhUThI mAyA chAyA jyoM lakhi lIje re| kai china sAMjha suhAguru jIvana, ke dina jaga meM jIjai re|| 1. adhyAtma majana gaMgA, saM. paM. jJAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 49 2, adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA, saM.paM.jJAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 51 3. adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA, saM.paM. jJAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 50 4. adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA, saM. paM. jJAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 51

Page #308
278 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : (kha) dekhyA bIca jahAna meN| koI ajaba tamAsA jora, tamAsA supane kA sA / / .--..-.inrHHHHowPermiti+is+HIHIHI-MAHIMHRIRana+I tana dhana athira nihAyata jaga meM, pAnI pAhiM patAsA / "bhUdhara" inakA garaba karai jo, dhika tinakA janamAsA / / ' 9. gurUkA svarUpa evaM mahattva - bhUdharadAsa ke aneka padoM meM gurU kA svarUpa batalAte hue unakI stuti kI gaI hai, sAtha hI gurumahimA pradarzita kara unake dvArA batalAye hue mArga para calane kI preraNA dI hai| (ka) bandoM digambara gurucaraNa, jaga taraNa tAraNa jaan| je bharapa bhArI roga ko, haiM rAja vaidya mahAna / / . jinake anugraha bina kabhI, nahiM kaTai karma jaMjIra / te sAdhu mere ura basahu merI harahu pAtaka pIra / / (kha) te guru mere mana baso, je bhakjalathi jhaaj| Apa tirai para tArahIM, aise hai RSirAja // te. guru / / moha mahAripu jAni kaiM, chADyoM saba gharabAra / / hoya digambara vana base, Atama zuddha vicAra // te. guru / ' (ga) ve munivara kaba mili hai upkaarii| sAdhu digambara nagana nirambara, saMvara bhUSaNadhArI / / kaMcana kA~ca barAbara jinaka, jyoM ripu tyoM hitakArI // " (gha) suna jJAnI prANI, zrI guru sIkha syaanii| narabhava pAya viSaya mati sevo, ye duragati agvnii|| 1. adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA, saM.paM.zAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 52 2. vRhat vinatI saMmaha - jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya pRSTha 7 evaM jaina pada saMgraha tRtIya bhAga pada 73 3. vahI donoM pRSTha 4 evaM 77 4. adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA, saM.paM. jJAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 51 5. bhUdharavilAsa pada 7

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279 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana (Da) zrI guru zikSA deta haiM suni prAnI re| sumara maMtra naukAra, saukha suni prAnI re||' (ca) so gurudeva hamArA hai saayo| joga ani meM ko thira sarahe yaha kitanA hai|" 10. mAyA kA varNana * bhUdharadAsa ne kabIra kI bhA~ti mAyA ke ThaganI rUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| mAyA ke ThaganI rUpa kA rUpaka donoM kA samAna hai| antara yaha hai ki jahA~ kabIra ne kevala udAharaNoM dvArA mAyA kI dhUrtatA kA vizleSaNa kiyA hai, vahA~ kavi bhUdharadAsa ne mAyA ke mohaka kAryoM kA nirUpaNa karate hue usakI ThagaI kA paricaya diyA hai| bhUdharadAsa ke isa pada meM vyaMgya kA puTa rahane se vaha sarvasAdhAraNa ko adhika prabhAvita karatA hai / bhUdhara kA mAyA sambandhI pada isaprakAra hai suna ThaganI mAyA, tai saba jaga Thaga khaayaa| duka vizvAsa kiyA jina terA, so mUrakha pachitAyA // ApA tanaka dikhAya bIja jyoM, mUDhamatI llcaayaa| kari mada aMdha dharma hara lInauM, anta naraka phuNcaayaa|| kete kaMta kiye te kulaTA, to bhI mana na aghaayaa| kisa hI sauM nahiM prIti nibAhI, vaha taji aura lubhaayaa| 'bhUdhara' Thagata phirai yaha sabakoM, bhoMdU kari jaga paayaa| jo isa ThaginI ko Thaga baiThe, maiM tisako sira naayaa| 11. zarIra ke rUpaka - bhUdhara ke padoM meM zarIra ke lie aneka rUpaka prayukta hue haiN| unameM kabIra kA carakhe kA rUpaka "carakhA calai surata vihIna" tathA ta~bUre kA rUpaka "sAthI yaha tana ThATha taMbUre kA" ke samAna bhUdharadAsa ke carakhe kA rUpaka ati sAmya rakhatA hai| vaha rUpaka hai 1. jaina pada saMbhaha tRtIya bhAga pada 78 2.vahI pada 61

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280 ( ka ) ( kha ) ( ga ) (kha) mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa carakhA calatA nAhIM, carakhA huA purAnA / paga khU~Te dvaya hAlna lAge, ura madarA khakharAnA / chIdoM huI pA~khar3I pasalI, phire nahIM manamAnA // ' bhUdharadAsa zarIra ko gagarI kA rUpaka dete hue kahate haiMkAyA gagari jojarI, tuma dekho catura vicAra ho // jaise kulhiyA kA~ca kI jAke vinasata nAhIM bAra ho / mA~sa mayI mATI laI aru sAnI rudhira lagAya ho / kInhIM karama kumhAra ne, jAsoM kahU~ kI na vasAya ho / isIprakAra zarIra ko vRkSa kA rUpaka pradAna karate hue kavi kA kathana haiyaha tana jaMgama rUkhar3A, suniyoM bhavi prAnI / eka bUMda isa bIca hai, kachu bAta na chAnI // garama kheta meM mAsa nau, nijarUpa durAyA | bAla aMkurA bar3ha gayA, taba najaroM AyA // 12. zraddhAnI jIva evaM samakita sAvana kA mahattva - bhUdharadAsa ne samyagdarzana ko "sAvana" kA rupaka dete hue usakI aneka prakAra se mahimA batalAyI hai tathA samyagdRSTi zraddhAnI jIva kA mahattva bhI pratipAdita kiyA haiaba mere samakita sAvana Ayo / (ka ) bIti kurIti mithyAmati zrISama, pAvasa sahaja suhAyo || anubhava dAmini damakana lAgI surati ghaTA ghana chAyo / bolai vimala viveka papIhA sumati suhAgini bhAyo / ' jaga meM zraddhAnI jIva "jIvana mukata" haige // deva guru sA~ce mAne, sA~co dharma hiye Ane / grantha te hI sAce jAne, je jina ukata haiMge / ' 1. hindI pada saMgraha, sAhitya zodha vibhAga, jaina pada saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga pada 55 24 4 va 5. adhyAtma bhajana gaMgA, saM. paM. jJAnacanda jaina, pRSTha 47 zrI mahAvIrajI pRSTha 152. 3. jaina pada saMgraha, tRtIya bhAga pada 66

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 281 13. hiMsA kA niSedha - bhUdharadAsa ne dharma ke nAma para hone vAlI hiMsA kA niSedha kiyA hai aisI samajha ke sira dhuul| dharama upajana heta hiMsA Acare aghamUla // ' isIprakAra bhUdharadAsa ne anahada bAjA, zrotA, jogI, kAjI, kAmila, brAhmamaNa, amalI, juArI Adi kA saccA svarUpa batAyA hai|' isake atirikta pada saMgraha meM kaI vinatiyA~, jakar3I gIta, badhAI gIta, prabhAtI gIta, Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isaprakAra bhUdharadAsa ke "padasaMgraha" meM vividha padoM ke mAdhyama se bhakti, prema, adhyAtma, nIti, upadeza Adi aneka prakAra ke bhAvoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / yaha citraNa apane Apa meM anUThA hai| aura hindI sAhitya meM bhUdharadAsa ke mahattvapUrNa yogadAna ko sUcita karatA hai| isa yogadAna ke kAraNa hindI sAhitya meM ve apanA eka viziSTa sthAna prApta karane ke adhikArI haiN| bhUdharadAsa kI phuTakara racanAoM meM aneka vinatiyA~, stotra, AratiyA~ aSTaka kAvya, nizi bhojana bhuMjana kathA, tIna caubIsI kI jayamAlA, vivAha samaya jaina kI maMgala bhASA, DhAla, hukkA paccIsI, badhAI, jakar3I, holI, jinaguNa muktAvalI, bhUpAla caturviMzati bhASA, bAraha bhAvanA, solaha kAraNa bhAvanA, vairAgya bhAvanA Adi sabhI kA nAmollekhapUrvaka bhAvapakSIya vizleSaNa pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA hai| ye sabhI phuTakara racanAe~ muktaka kAvya ke antargata hI AtI haiN| inameM se kucha racanAe~ pArzvapurANa evaM padasaMgraha ke aMza haiM, jo vibhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA pRthak pRthak rUpa se prakAzita kara diye haiM / isaprakAra bhUdharadAsa ke mahAkAvya "pArzvapurANa" evaM mahAkAvyetara racanAoM ke rUpa meM "jainazataka' evaM "padasaMgraha" kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana vistRta rUpa se vivecita kiyA gyaa| -- - 1. adhyAtma majana gaMgA, saM. paM. jJAnacanda jaina pRSTha 55 2. rakhatA nahIM tana kI khabara anahada bAjA bAjiyA vahI pRSTha 53 3. prastuta zodha maMya, adhyAya 4

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282 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : dekho bhAI !..... dekho bhAI ! Atama deva virAjai / / Teka // isa hI hUTha hAtha devala meM, kevala rUpI rAjai / / dekho bhAI // amala udAsa jotimaya jAkI, mudrA maMjula chaajai| muni jana pUja acala avinAzI, guNa baranata budhi lAjai / / / dekho bhAI // para saMjoga amala pratibhAsata, nija guNa mUla na tyaajai| jaina phaTika pAkhAna heta soM, syAma aru duti sAjai / / // dekho bhAI // so'haM pada mamatA so dhyAvata, ghaTa hI meM prabhu pAjai / "bhUdhara" nikaTa nivAsa jAsu ko, guru bina bharama na bhaajai| ___ // dekho bhAI // - bhUdharadAsa

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___STha adhyAya - paSTha adhyAya | bhUdharadAsa kA kalApakSIya anuzIlana (ka) bhASA (kha) chanda vidhAna (ga) alaMkAra vidhAna (gha) pratIka yojanA (5) muhAvare evaM kahAvateM (ca) gadya zailI

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhUdharadAsa kA kalApakSIya anuzIlana pakSa) bhUdharadAsa kA bhAvapakSa (anubhUti pakSa) ke samAna kalApakSa (abhivyakti paryApta prabhAvazAlI hai| unake kalApakSa ke anuzIlana hetu bhASA, chandavidhAna, alaMkAra - vidhAna, pratIka yojanA, nItiyoM evaM sUktiyoM kA prayoga Adi kA adhyayana apekSita hai| ina sabakA kramAnusAra vivecana nimnAMkita hai - ( ka ) bhASA :- kavi bhUdharadAsa ne apane lekhana meM prayukta bhASA ko koI vizeSa nAma se sambodhita na karake mAtra "bhASA" zabda se abhihita kiyA / isa sambandha meM unake kathana draSTavya hai hai 1 " jJAna aMza cAkhA bhaI aisI abhilAkhA aba karU~ jori bhAkhA jina pArasapurAna kI / ' " 2 3 "pUrava carita vilokikai bhUdhara buddhi samAna / bhASAbandha prabandha yaha kiyo Agare thAna / / "2 " accharasaMdhi samAsa jJAnavarjita vidhi hInI_ dharmabhAvanA hetu kimapi bhASA yaha kInI // * Bei 283 kavi ne tatkAlIna bhASA meM pArzvapurANa kI racanA isalie kI tAki jo loga buddhi kI hInatA se saMskRta Adi bhASA meM likhe gaye granthoM ko nahIM par3ha sakate ve dezabhASA meM unheM par3ha skeN| isI kAraNa bhUdharadAsa ne dezabhASA meM pArzvapurANa racA Age jainagranthana ke karatA kavIndra bhaye, karI devabhASA mahAbuddhiphala lIno haiM / accharamitAI tathA artha kI gaMbhIratAI, padalalitAI jahA~ AI rIti tInoM haiM // kAla ke prabhAva tina granthana ke pAThI aba, dIsata alapa aisau Ayo dina hono hai| 1. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, pIThikA pRSTha 2 2. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, pRSTha 95 3. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, pRSTha 95

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284 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa tAteM iha samai joga par3he bAlabuddhi loga, pArasapurAna pATha bhAvAbaddha kIno hai // 1 ina kathanoM se spaSTa hai ki kavi ne dharmabhAvanA ke kAraNa dezabhASA meM apane granthoM kI racanA kI hai| ina racanAoM meM dezabhASA unakI hai tathA viSayavastu paramparAgata hai / "dezabhASA " se kavi kA Azaya tatkAlIna loka pracalita vikAsazIla bhASA se hai| jahAM eka ora yaha bhASA bolacAla kI bhASA thI, vahA~ dUsarI ora sAhitya kI bhI bhASA thI / isa bhASA ko bAlabuddhi (alpabuddhi) bhI par3ha sakate haiN| isa prakAra kavi dvArA prayukta bhASA (jise vaha bhI "bhASA" hI kahatA hai) vastutaH AgarA, gvAliyara Adi vizAla hindI bhASI pradeza kI lokabhASA va sAhityabhASA "bajrabhASA" hI hai, kyoMki usa samaya loka evaM sAhitya kI pracalita bhASA " brajabhASA" hI thI / yadyapi kavi dvArA prayukta bhASA brajabhASA hI hai phira usameM aneka videzI bhASAoM ke zabda dikhalAI dete haiN| sAtha hI kahIM kahIM sthAnIya bhASA ke zabda (dezI zabda) tathA khar3I bolI kI samIpatA bhI dRSTigata hotI hai| yadyapi mUlataH kavikRta racanAoM kI bhASA zuddha sAhityika brajabhASA hai; tathApi vaha bhASA sabhI racanAoM meM eka jaisI nahIM hai, usameM uttarottara vikAsa ke darzana hote haiM / kavi dvArA racita prArambhika racanA jainazataka meM pazcAtvartI racanA pArzvapurANa jaisI praur3hatA nahIM haiN| usakI bhASA meM bahutAyata se dezI, videzI bhASAoM ke aneka zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| zabdoM kA yaha prayoga kahIM to apanI prakRti ke anusAra jyoM kA tyoM kiyA gayA hai to kahIM hindI bhASA kI prakRti ke anusAra yatheccha parivartana karake kiyA gayA hai| jainazataka meM prayukta bhASA meM pracalita muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM kA prayoga sarvathA anUThA haiN| isase bhASA saundarya meM abhivRddhi hI huI hai| kavi kI bhASA kA pUrNa vikasita, parimArjita aura praur3harUpa pArzvapurANa nAmaka mahAkAvya meM milatA hai / pArzvapurANa kI bhASA sarasa sAhityika brajabhASA hai I Alocya yuga meM brajabhASA eka vizAla bhUbhAga kI bhASA bana cukI thI / usakA sAhitya meM paryApta prayoga hone lagA thaa| sAtha hI rAjadarabAroM meM bhI use ucita sammAna diyA jAne lagA thaa| vaha deza kI samasta bhASAoM meM lokabhASA 1. pArzvapurANa pIThikA pRSTha 3

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 285 ke rUpa meM zIrSasthAna para pratiSThita hone kI adhikAriNI bana gayI thI, isalie bhUdharadAsa ne apane sAhitya kI racanA brajabhASA meM hI kii| bhUdharadAsa ke sAhitya kI bhASA sarasa brajabhASA hai| yaha brajabhASA kI una saba vizeSatAoM se yukta hai jo brajabhASA meM pAI jAtI hai / bhUdharadAsa dvArA prayukta brajabhASA kI katipaya vizeSatAe~ nimnalikhita hai :1, AkArAnta ke sthAna para okArAnta yA aukArAnta kA prayoga dikhAI detA hai / yathA - Ayo, baDo, bhalo Adi / 2, e ke sthAna para ai kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| jaise - lahai, jAnai, dharai aadi| 3. saMyukta vargoM ko svaravibhakti ke dvArA alaga karane kI pravRti dekhI jAtI hai / yathA - paravIna, niradhAra, satasaMgati, kalapita, visatAra, zabda, parasiddha, pArasa, janama, padAratha Adi / saMyukta vargoM ko saMyukta aura pRthak - donoM rUpoM meM likhA gayA hai - bharama aura bhrama, paramAratha aura paramArtha, paramAna aura pramANa, vikalapa, aura vikalpa aadi| mukhasukha yA uccAraNa suvidhA ke kAraNa saMyukta vargoM meM se eka kA lopa kara diyA hai| stuti ko ti, caitya ko caita, sthAna ko thAna, dhuti ko duti, sthiti ko thiti, svarUpa ko sarUpa, stambha ko thaMbha, duSTha ko duTha, sthiratA ko thiratA, phulliga ko phuliMga Adi / prAya: saMyukta varNoM kA saralIkaraNa karane ke lie Adhe varNa ko pUrA karake rakhA gayA hai, jisase uccAraNa sambandhI suvidhA huI hai| yathA - bharatA, baiDUraja, mAraga, saravAratha, zukala, mUrati, saradhAna, samakita, tatakAla, grISma, apakIrati, visana, sumarana, vighana, alapa Adi / cUMki bhUdharadAsa kI bhASA brajabhASA hai; isalie unhoMne dUsarI bhASA ke zabdoM ko grahaNa karate samaya unakI dhvaniyoM ko apanI prakRti ke anusAra DhAla liyA hai / dhvaniyoM kA yaha parivartana draSTavya hai - za ko sa meM badalanA - vilAsa, sIsa, sasi, sunna, nirAsa, aMsa, sArada, soka, sara, kAsI ityAdi /

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286 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : ko na meM parivartita karanA - prAna, tArana, guna, tuna, carana, sarana, purAna, punya, pAnI, vAnI, dazalAchanI, ityAdi / kSa ke sthAna para cha kA prayoga karanA - paMchI china, lIna, lalamI. paranAla, chobha, lacchana ityAdi / kahIM kahIM (va ) varNa kA kArya "o" aura "u" kI mAtrA se nikAlA gayA hai - vibho (vaibhava), bhauna (bhavana), gauna (gavana), pauna (pavana) parabhau (parabhava), jauloM (jabaloM), auguna (avaguNa) , sura (svara), dhujA (dhvajA), dhuni (dhvani), suraga (svarga) aadi| . badale hue varNoM vAle zabdoM kA bhUdharasAhitya meM bahulatA se prayoga huA hai / yathA - divAyara (divAkara), jaccha (yakSa), jama (yama), parajAya (paryAya), jovana (yovana), vicacchana (vicakSaNa) , lacchana (lakSaNa) , lacchamI, (lakSamI) nyAva (nyAya), upagArI (upakArI), kArimA (kAlimA), loya (loka) loyana (locana) lAha (lAbha), riSabha (RSabha), nihacala (nizcala) ityAdi / bhUdharasAhitya meM mAtrA bar3he hue zabda bhI pAye jAte haiN| yathA - jihAna (jahAnA, dinA (dina), lAge (lage) , nIsatAre (nisatare), china (kSaNa), pichatAyA (pachatAyA) , tiranA (taranA), lasakari (lazkara) ityaadi| ___mAtrA ghaTe hue zabda bhI pAye jAte haiN| jaise - pratamA (pratimA), mahUrata (muhUrta), avAsa (AvAsa), anAda (anAdi), davAnala (dAvAnala) ityAdi / cUMki kavi dvArA racita sabhI racanAoM kI bhASA eka jaisI nahIM milatI hai |at: vibhinna racanAoM ke AdhAra para bhASA kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai; jo nimnalikhita hai: 1.pArzvapurANa kI bhASA :- pArzvapurANa kI bhASA sarala evaM prabhAvAtmaka hai| madhuratA aura sarasatA usameM sarvatra vidyamAna hai| prasAdaguNa usakI mahatvapUrNa vizeSatA hai / vaha komalakAnta padAvalI samanvita hai / zabdoM kA prayoga sArthaka, subodha evaM svAbhAvika rUpa meM huA hai| vAkyAMzoM kA sudRr3ha prayoga, sugaThita zabdayojanA, bhASAgata dhvanyAtmakatA evaM lAkSaNikatA sarvatra darzanIya hai / zabda samUha - zabdoM ke srota ke rUpa meM pArzvapurANa meM tatsama, tadbhava, dezaja, videzI Adi sabhI prakAra ke zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| tatsama * kamala, anupama, mahimA, maMgala, vigata, pUjA, lAbha, udyama, dhyAna, bhakti, zakti, kathA, zoka, bhramara, samudra, upamA, uthAna, nadI, parvata, giri, nagara,

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 287 mAtA, latA, gRha, zikSA, darpaNa, zikhara, tAvat, kalyANa, aNuvrata, tRSNA, zubhAzubha, yadyapi, brahmacarya, yatra, tatra, tRtIya, zrAvaka, nigrantha aadi| tadbhava - parajAya, bheva, sunna, chudhA, pharasa, cariyA, parISaha, bIch, tIkhana, nhauna, mahocchava, paseva, gA~va, sorana, rayaNAvara, sabana, uchAva, sAMjha, bhAkhA, joga, parameTha, geha, parasai, visana, birataMta, sadIva, dIsata, alapa, baranata, suraga, AcAraja, pahumI, khIra, sAMthiyA, poha, rAta, caudaha, sArasuta, sA~ca, jasa, suraga, AcAraja, acchara, paroccha, thAna, maMjhAra, kudiSTa, AMba, sirIvaccha, virakhi, supana, thuti, duti, niThura aadi| dezI :- nere, vAdi, heTha, paThAyau, mAye, paiDa, poTa, tisAye, karahA, peTa, bAr3ha, caukhUTa. sau. putalA. nigara, gAMcA adaka, pisa, bajhatI duhArI, cAMpai, jhakasara, aTapaTe, lagAra, aadi| videzI :- khbArI, pIra, jarA, gumAna, parahA, kUcI, ityAdi / pArzvapurANa meM kaI prakRtAbhAsa zabdoM kA bhI prayoga haA hai - ukAya vinaThThI, dichI, satya, samattha, cakkave, kajjala, sajjahi, gajjahi, loyana, ajjiyA Adi / 2. jainazataka kI bhASA :- bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita jainazataka kI bhASA sApha sutharI aura madhura sAhityika brajabhASA hai| usameM saMskRtabhASA ke yathAvat rUpa meM tatsama zabda, bigar3e hue rUpa meM tadbhava zabda, prAkRta bhASA ke zabdoM jaise pratIta hone vAle prAkRtAbhAsa zabda, arabI phArasI Adi videzI bhASAoM ke zabda tathA kSetrIya prabhAvayukta dezaja zabda milate haiN| jainazataka kI bhASA ke sambandha meM DaoN. rAmasarUpa kA kathana dhyAtavya hai - "jainazataka kI bhASA sApha sutharI aura madhura sAhityika brajabhASA hai| usameM kahIM kahIM para yAra, mAphika, dagA Adi pracalita subodha videzI zabda bhI dikhAI dete haiN| kucha padoM meM samappai, thappa, rucca, maccai Adi prAkRtAbhAsa zabdoM kA bhI prayoga dikhAI detA haiM kucha rUr3hiyA~ evaM lokoktiyA~ bhI prayukta kI gaI haiN|" kavi dvArA jainazataka meM prayukta zabdAvalI kA vivecana padoM ke kramAMka sahita nimnalikhita hai - tatsama zabda :- jainazataka meM zuddha saMskRta ke zabdoM kA prayoga isa prakAra huA hai - nAsikA chanda 3, marAla chanda 4, mauli chanda 6, mayUra chanda 8, 1. hindI meM nIti kAvya kA vikAsa- DaoN. rAmasvarUpa pRSTha 500

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288 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: hutAzana chanda 11, tadAkRta chanda 12, zikhA chanda 15, sAraMga chanda 17, rAmA chanda 26, svAdhyAya chanda 48, soma chanda 44, AmiSa chanda 52, tRna chanda 55, adatta chanda 56, ratnatrayanidhi chanda 68, tuMga chanda 76, sindhu chanda 78.dvAdaza chanda 94 | tadbhava zabda - jainazataka meM kavi dvArA prayukta tadbhava zabda haiM - kAusagga chanda 2, riSabha chanda 2, riddhi chanda 2, samaratha chanda 2, naina chanda 3, jAdau chanda 7. diDha chanda 9, jeTha chanda 13, kAgavAnI chanda 15, uchAha chanda 21, seta chanda 29, karora chanda 33, tIjA chanda 41, tisanA chanda 44, cita chanda 44, juA chanda 50, lacchana chanda 50, vicacchana chanda 74, cAma chanda 71, masAna chanda 77, puggala chanda 8 / isI prakAra ke aura bhI aneka zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai, jinakA mUla ura mala meM haiM; kintu ginisAra apane mAyA svarUpa se paryApta bhinna ho gaye haiN| prakRtAbhAsa zabda - jainazataka meM katipaya prakRtAbhAsa zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| yaha prayoga prAya: chappaya chandoM ke antargata hI dikhalAI detA hai - virajjahiM chanda 4, lajjahiM chanda 4, utthapaI chanda 8 karijjai chanda 48. lijjai chanda 48, supatta chanda 48, accha chanda 51, dajjhai chanda 61, arUjjhai chanda 61, samappai chanda 79, thappai chanda 7, rUccai chanda 79, muccai chanda 79, puggala chanda 88 / dezaja zabda - jainazataka meM prAdezika yA kSetrIya zabdAvalI ke rUpa meM dezaja zabdoM kA prayoga aneka sthAnoM para huA hai| yathA - jihAja (jahAja) chanda 1, dhApai (tRpta) chanda 1, aureM (pakSa meM, prati) chanda 13, Tera (pukAra) chanda 16, bicAroM (dIna, durbala) chanda 16, khAja (khujalI) chanda 17, bhaTA (baiMgana) chanda 18, baiThana (cArada) chanda 20, mUr3ha (mUrkha) chanda 21, kAnI (phUTA) chanda 23, jhoMparI (jhopar3I) chanda 26, balAya (bAdhA, vyAdhi) chanda 31, bhAjI (bAMTanA) chanda 32, jhInA (dhImA) chanda 34. UnI (kama) chanda 39. lava (thaMka) chanda 54 loga (loka) chanda 64, pAharU (caukIdAra) chanda 68, sora (sAthI) chanda 71, gAgara (ghaTa) chanda 75, janAvara (jAnavara, nimna zreNI kA pazu) chanda 78, sUbA (rAjya) chanda 105 | videzI zabda * bhUdharadAsa ne jainazataka meM arabI, phArasI Adi videzI bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai / arabI bhASA ke zabda * salAha (saMjJA, pulliga) chanda 19, mAphika (vizeSaNa) chanda 20, khAtira (saMjJA, strIliMga) chanda 27, khalAsa (saMjJA, pulliga) chanda 27, khavAsa (saMjJA, pulliga) chanda 33, ilAja (saMjJA, pulliga) chanda 35,

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 289 nizAnI (saMjJA, strIliMga) chanda 42, najara (saMjJA, strIliMga ) 56, nAhaka (vizeSaNa) chanda 701 phArasI bhASA ke zabda - yAra (saMjJA, pulliga) chanda 19, zikAra (saMjJA, pulliga) chanda 50, nAhaka (vizeSaNa) chanda 70 | muhAvaroM aura lokoktiyoM kA saphala prayoga bhI jainazataka meM darzanIya hai| jinakA vivecana pRthak rUpa se kiyA gayA hai|' 3. bhUdharavilAsa yA padasaMgraha kI bhASA - jaisA ki pUrva meM spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai ki bhUdharavilAsa aura padasaMgraha - do pRthak pRthak racanAe~ nahIM haiM; apitu donoM nAma se bhUdharadAsa ke padoM ko hI saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai / ataH bhUdharadAsa ke padasaMgraha kI bhASA kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| kavi dvArA race gaye padoM kI bhASA mUlata: brajabhASA hI hai; parantu vaha khar3I bolI ke bahuta nikaTa hai tathA usameM zuddha saMskRta bhASA ke zabda, (tatsama zabda) saMskRta zabdoM ke bigar3e hue rUpa arthAt tadbhava zabda, arabI, phArasI Adi videzI bhASAoM ke zabda, rAjasthAnI bhASA ke zabda tathA sthAnIya bhASA ke zabda bhI milate haiN| padoM meM vAkyayojanA evaM padasaMghaTana kI dRSTi se bhASA kA prayoga ati uttama bana par3A hai| muhAvare aura lokoktiyoM ke prayoga se bhASAsaundarya vRddhiMgata huA hai tathA bhASA sazakta evaM prabhAvazIla bana gaI hai| tatsama zabda - kalatra, duHkha, zokAvali, lokottara, kAka, guru, upadezAmRtarasa, kSIra, zrAvaka, samyagjJAna Adi / ____ tadbhava zabda - bhUdharadAsa ke padoM meM aise zabdoM kA prayoga adhika huA hai, jinakA mUla saMskRta bhASA meM hai; kintu nirantara prayoga ke kAraNa jinakA rUpa badala gayA hai| yathA - gAMThi, mAthe, bobana, sUvA, vRccha, ApA, mauta, vaida, piyA, sAvana, mora, thAnaka khAMDe, hAthI, ghor3A, dAlida Adi / dezaja zabda - bhUdharadAsa ke padoM meM aise aneka zabda bhI prayukta hue hai, jinakA utsa saMskRta, prAkRta meM nahIM hai varan unakA udbhava anajAnA hai; - - - 1, prastuta zodha prabandha, SaSTha adhyAya- muhAvare evaM kahAvateM 2. prastuta zodha prabandha, caturtha adhyAya-racanAoM kA vargIkaraNa tathA paricayAtmaka anuzIlana

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290 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kintu ve cala par3e haiN| ata: una zabdoM ko dezaja zabdoM ke nAma se sambodhita kara sakate haiM / yathA - bhoMdU, DhIla, patAsA, pUlA, khoTI, kharI, khakhAra, aadi| videzI zabda - bhUdharadAsa ke padoM meM arabI, phArasI Adi videzI bhASAoM ke zabdoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| arabI bhASA ke zabda - vajIra, tamAsA, mudadata, nihAyata, jAhira, dagA, mahala, sAhiba, khabara, marahama, kAjI, kitAba, amala, kAmila, khuzavakta Adi / phArasI bhASA ke zabda - mazAlacI, jahAna, takhata, khuzavakta, myAna, kamAna, dArU, pozta, zataraMja, maMjaphA Adi / - urdU bhASA kA khAsA tathA yUnAnI bhASA kA aphIma zabda bhI prayukta huA hai| rAjasthAnI bhASA ke zabdoM meM nIdar3I, thAMkI, mhAnai, mhArI, sUto, kAMI, mhAre, helI Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| 4. prakIrNa sAhitya yA phuTakara racanAoM kI bhASA : kavi dvArA racita jakar3I, AratI, vinatI Adi se sambandhita prakIrNa pada yA phuTakara racanAoM meM pUrva racanAoM kI taraha bhASA kA vaiziSTya dikhAI detA hai| inameM bhI tatsama, tadbhava, dezaja evaM videzI zabda upalabdha hote haiM, jinakA vivaraNa nimnAMkita hai - tatsama zabda - trikAla, praNamAmi, akSata, ghoSa, prohita, nispRha, sUtra, pallava, prekSaNIya, kimapi aadi| tadbhava zabda - ausara (avasara), nirta (nRtya), pai (paya), par3ivA (pratipadA) bAMmana (brAhmaNa), sarAdha (zrAddha), kIrA (kITa), pohapa (puSpa), dullabha (durlabha), vitara (vyantara), mukati (mukti), bIjurI (vidyuta), sIrI (zIta), tuva (tava) , salAdhanA (zlAdhAra, apacharA (apsarA), bhaMvarA (amara), sahAI (sAhAyya), cahU~gati (caturgati), pAsa (pAva), kor3ha (kuSTha), aadi| dezaja zabda - dukhiyA (dukhI), bigAra (hAni), peMTha (choTA aura thor3e samaya kA bAjAra), DhiMga (pAsa meM), goTa (jhuMDa), aghorI (ghinone kAma karane vAlA), okhara (upakaraNa), burajI (gumbada), Ache (accha), jivAye (bhojana karAyA), bATa

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana (patha), paur3hanA (sonA, leTanA), bega (zIghra) , aradAsa (prArthanA), thAlI (pAtra vizeSa), silaga (prajvalita hai) ityaadi| videzI zabda - badaboI (badabU phArasI vizeSaNa) khumArI (arabI, phArasI vizeSaNa), Akhira (arabI, phArasI vizeSaNa), divAnA (dIvAnA, phArasI saMjJA, pulliga), amala (arabI saMjJA pulliga), araja (arja, arabI saMjJA, strIliMga) gaphila (arabI saMjJA, pulliga), naphA (phArasI saMjJA, pulliga), khyAla (khyAla, arabI saMjJA, pulliga) ityaadi| guNavyaMjaka padAvalI - sAhityakAroM ne rasAtmaka kAvya ke tIna guNa mAne haiM - mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda / mAdhurya guNa ke abhivyaMjaka varNa da, cha, i da, ko chor3akara antyavarNoM Ga, J, m, Na, se saMyukta ka se ma paryanta 21 varNa haiM / oja guNa ke vyaMjaka varNa ka ca, Ta, ta, pa, ga, ja, Da, da, ba, varNa apane varga ke prathama varNa ke antya varNa gha, jha, da, dha, bha ke saMyoga se nirmita pada hai arthAt oja guNa meM varga ke pahale va dUsare varSoM tathA tIsare va cauthe varSoM kA yoga hotA hai| arthAt prasAda guNa ke abhivyaMjaka ve varNa haiM, jinakA arthajJAna zravaNa mAtra se ho jAtA hai / prasAda guNa meM vargoM kA koI niyama nahIM hai / uparyukta AdhAra para bhUdharasAhitya meM tInoM guNa upalabdha hote haiN| 1. mAdhuMya guNa - zrRMgAra, zAnta, bhakti evaM vAtsalya rasAtmaka sthaloM para mAdhurya guNa kA saundarya abhivyakta huA hai / yathA - lalita vacana lIlAvatI, zubhalacchana, sukumAla / sahaja sugaMdha suhAvanI, jathA mAlatI maal|| zIlarUpa lAvaNyanidhi, hAvabhAva rasalIna / sImA subhagasiMgAra kI, sakala kalA paravIna / ' 2. oja guNa - vIra, vIbhatsa, bhayAnaka, aura raudra rasAtmaka sthaloM para ojaguNa prakaTa huA hai| udAharaNArtha - cIre karakta kATha jyoM, phArai pakari kutthaar| tor3e antaramAlikA, antara udara vidAra / / 1. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 38

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292 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : pelaiM kolhU mela ke pIsaiM gharaTI ghAla / tAveM tAte tela meM, daheM dahana parajAla / pakari pAya paTaka puhumi, jhaTaki parasa para lehiM / kaMTaka seja suvAvahIM, zUlI para dhari dehiM / / ghasai saMkaTaka rukhasoM, betaranI le jaahiN| ghAyala gheri ghasITiye, kiMcita karuNA naahiN|| 3. prasAda guNa - samAsa, saMyuktAkSara aura tatsama zabdoM se rahita sarala evaM subodha zabdAvalI meM prasAdaguNa dikhalAI detA hai |ythaa - rAjA rAnI chatrapati, hAthina ke asavAra / maranA sabako eka dina, apanI apanI bAra // dalabala devI devatA, mAta pitA parivAra / maratI biriyAM jIva ko, koI na rAkhanahAra / / ' zabda zaktiyoM - bhUdharasAhitya meM vAcaka, lakSaka aura vyaMjaka zabdoM dvArA vAcyArtha lakSyArtha aura vyaMgyArtha ko prakaTa karane vAlI kramaza: abhidhA, lakSaNA evaM vyaMjanA - tInoM zabdazaktiyA~ dRSTigocara hotI haiN| 1. abhidhA zakti - siddhAnta kathanoM, zAnta aura bhaktirasa ke prasaMgoM meM abhidhAzakti sarvAdhika prayukta huI hai| yathA - prAnI sukha dukha Apa, bhugatai pudgala karmaphala / yaha vyavahArI chApa nihacai nija sukha bhogatA / / deha mAtra vyavahAra kara, kahalo brahma bhgvaan| daravita naya kI diSTisoM, lokapradeza samAna / / 2. lakSaNA zakti - bhUdharadAsa ne jahAM eka ora pRthak rUpa se lakSyArtha ko prakaTa karane ke lie lakSaNAzakti kA prayoga kiyA hai; vahA~ dUsarI ora 1, pAvapurANa kalakasA, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 2 2. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30 3. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 79

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 293 kathAnaka siddhAntakathana Adi ke bIca-bIca meM prayukta muhAvare evaM lokoktiyoM ke mAdhyama se bhI lakSaNAMzakti kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| cUMki lokoktiyA~ aura muhAvare vAcyArtha se bhinna lakSArtha ho hI prakaTa karate haiM, isalie unakA nikara lakSaNAzakti ke antargata hI AtA hai / yadyapi samagra bhUdharasAhitya meM prayukta muhAvare aura lokoktiyoM kA vistRta vivecana pRthaka rUpa se kiyA gayA hai; tathApi bAnagI ke rUpa meM udAharaNa dRSTavya hai - durjana jana kI prItasoM, kaho kaise sukha hoy| viSathara poSi payUSa kI, prApati sunI na loya // ' 3. vyaMjanAzakti - bhUdharadAsa ne vyaMgyArtha ko prakaTa karane ke lie vyaMjanAzakti kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha - pArzvanAtha ke nAnA dvArA pArzvanAtha ke prati kiyA gayA vyaMgyArtha vyaMjanAzakti dvArA hI abhivyakta ho rahA hai - "hari hara brahamA tuma hI bhye| sakala carAcara jJAtA tthye|| zabda yojanA - zabdoM kA ucita aura saTIka prayoga bhASA ko sundara, sazakta aura prabhaviSNa banAtA hai| bhUdharasAhitya meM zabdoM kI yojanA bhAva evaM prasaMga ke anusAra hI kI gaI hai| udAharaNArtha - kamaTha dvArA pArzvanAtha para upasarga karane kA citraNa dekhiye - aMdhakAra chAyo cahuMora / garaja garaja barasai ghanaghora / / jharai nIra musalopama dhAra / bakraboja jhalakai bhayakAra // bUr3e giri tarUvara vanajAla / jhaMjhA vAyu bahI vikarAla // jala thala bhayo mahodadhi em| prabhu nivasaiM kanakAcala jema / / duSTa vikriyAvala aviveka / aura upadrava karai aneka // ' isI prasaMga meM vargoM yA zabdoM kI dhvanyAtmakatA prazaMsanIya hai, jo citrabhASA ke rUpa meM apane bhAvoM ko apanI hI dhvani meM A~khoM ke sAmane citrita karatI 1. prastuta zodha prabandha, SaSTha adhyAya- muhAvare evaM kahAvateM 2. pAzvapurANa kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 8 3. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 61 4. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, adhikAra 8, pRSTha 67

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294 mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : kilakilata vetAla, kAla kajjala chavi sajjahiM / bhauM karAla vikarAla mAla madagaja jimi gajjahiM / muMDamAla gala gharahiM lAla loyana niDarahiM jana / mukha phuliMga phaMkarahiM karahiM nirdaya dhuni hana hana / 1 saMjJA - bhUdharadAsa dvArA racita vibhinna racanAoM meM prayukta tatsama tadbhava, dezaja aura videzI zabdoM kA vivaraNa dete hue aneka saMjJA zabdoM kA ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai / 2 sarvanAma - bhUdharasAhitya meM prayukta sarvanAmoM kA svarUpa prAyaH brajabhASA kA hai, kintu katipaya sarvanAma zabdoM kA svarUpa Adhunika khar3I bolI kA bhI vyavahRta huA hai| udAharaNArtha - karma va sampradAna meM braja ke "mohi, muhi, tohi, tuhi" Adi rUpoM ke sAtha khar3I bolI ke "mujhako, moMkUM toMkU" Adi rUpa prApta hote haiM / kahIM kahIM vizeSakara padya meM " tAhi" bhI dikhAI par3a jAtA hai| "jinheM, tinheM kinheM" ke sthAna para jinako, tinako, kinako prayoga meM lAye gaye hai, jo bajabhASA kI apekSA khar3I bolI ke adhika nikaTa hai| 3 DaoN. udayanArAyaNa tivArI dvArA bajabhASA meM prayoga Ane vAle sarvanAmoM ke vivaraNa ke sAtha bhUdharadAsa dvArA prayukta sarvanAmoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki donoM meM paryApta samAnatA hai / donoM meM hI bahuvacana ke rUpoM kA prayoga prAya: ekavacana meM bhI huA hai| isI prakAra " va" ke sthAna para "ba" tathA "ya" ke sthAna para "ja" kI pravRtti bhI donoM meM samAna rUpa se pAI jAtI hai| bhUdharadAsa dvArA prayukta sarvanAma nimnAMkita haiM --- hamAro | uttamapuruSa ekavacana - meM, hoM, mohi, mo, mere, mujhakoM, moMko, mero, mokUM, merA, merI, mero, merA, merayo, hamAre, hamAre, hamArA / uttamapuruSa bahuvacana - hama, nija, apane, hamako, hamakoM, hamArA, hamAre, madhyamapuruSa eka vacana - tU tU, taiM, tUne, tuma, tA, to, tohi, tero, terA, tere / madhyamapuruSa bahuvacana - tuma, tumako, tumakoM, tumakU~, tumhArA, tumAre, tumako, tumko| 1. pArzvapurANa kalakattA, adhikAra 8, pRSTha 68 2. prastuta zodha prabandha SaSTha adhyAya 3. hindI bhASA kA udgama aura vikAsa -- DaoN. udayanArAyaNa tivArI pRSTha 245 I

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 295 anya puruSa eka vacana - so, vA, vaha, tA, tisa, jA, je, jisa, isa, yA, yahi, yaha yaha, jo, jihi, koDa, koU, tAko, tAkoM, tAhi, jAko, jAko, jAkA, yAkoM, tAkU, tAkA, tAke tAkI, tAka, jAkA, jAkai, jAkI, jAkeM, yAkA, yAke, yAkI, yAke yAkai, vaakai| anya puruSa bahuvacana - te, teI, tina, tini, jai, ve, ina, una, e. keI, sarva, saba, tinheM, tyoM, tinako, bA, bina, unahIM, ye, ina, iha, yehI, yAteM, ihu, yaha, ete, jinako, jinakoM, tinako, tinako, tiniko, inako, sabani., sabakU~ tinakA, tinikA, tinikai, jinakA, jinakai, jinakai, inakA, inakai, unakA, unakI, unakai, sabakA, sbnikaa| kAraka evaM vibhaktiyA~ - hindI kI vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se mImAMsA karane vAle granthoM meM kAraka aura vibhakti ke sambandha meM bahuta prama hai / kAraka aura vibhakti do alaga-alaga cIjeM haiN| kArakoM kA sambandha kriyA se hai| vAkya meM prayukta vibhinna padoM kA kriyA se jo sambandha hai, use kAraka kahate haiM / ina prayukta padoM kA ApasI sambandha bhI kriyA ke mAdhyama se hotA hai, unakA kriyA se nirapekSa svatantra sambandha nahIM hotA / isa prakAra vAkya racanA kI prakriyA meM kAraka eka pada kA dUsare pada se sambandhatattva kA bodhaka hai arthAt vaha yaha batAtA hai ki vAkya meM eka pada kA dasare pada se kyA sambandha hai| bhASA meM isa sambandha ko batAne vAlI vyavasthA vibhakti kahalAtI hai| arthAt jina pratyayoM yA zabdoM se isa sambandha ko pahicAna hotI hai, use vibhakti kahate haiN| isa prakAra vibhakti bhASA sambandhI vyavasthA hai| pANinI ne sAta vibhaktiyA~ aura chaha kAraka mAne haiM, isameM eka-eka kAraka ke lie eka eka vibhaktiyA~ sunizcita kara dI gaI haiN| kartA - prathamA, karma-dvitIyA, karaNa-tRtIyA sampradAna - caturthI, upAdAna-paMcamI, adhikaraNa-saptamI SaSThI ke sambandha meM unakA spaSTa nirdeza hai "zeSe sssstthii"| sambandha ko batAne ke atirikta dUsare kArakoM ko batAne ke lie bhI SaSThI kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| zeSe SaSThI kA abhiprAya yahI hai, parantu hindI ke vyAkaraNa meM sambandha ko kAraka mAna liyA gayA aura usake lie SaSThI vibhakti sunizcita kara dI gii| isI prakAra sambodhana ko bhI eka vibhakti dI jAtI hai, jo ki vAstava meM galata hai, jahA~ taka kArakoM ke aitihAsika vikAsa

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296 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kA sambandha hai, kArakoM kI sthiti pratyeka bhASA meM aparivartanazIla hai; kyoMki unakA sambandha vAkyoM meM prayukta padoM kI vivakSA se hai| hA~, isa vivakSA ko batAne vAlI bhASAyI vyavasthA meM vinimaya yA parivartana sambhava hai| udAharaNa ke lie jaba hama kahate haiM ki saMskRta ke bAda prAkRta meM, apabhraMza meM kartA, karma aura sambandha ko biktiyoM kA zora ho gayA isakA artha 5.6hIM ki ina kArakoM kA lopa ho gayA, kAraka to jyoM ke tyoM hai, hA~, unakI sUcaka vibhaktiyoM ke pratyayoM kA lopa ho gayA arthAt binA bhASA sambandhI pratyayoM ke hI unake kAraka tatva kA pratyaya jJAna ho jAtA hai| 1. kartA kAraka :- bhUdhara sAhitya meM kartA kAraka ke Adhunika prayoga kI bhAMti "ne" cihna kA honA tathA na honA - donoM hI sthitiyA~ upalabdha hotI hai| yathA - "kiMdhauM svarga ne bhUmi ko bhejI bheMTa anUpa / 1 "kabahI mukha paMkaja torI deI"2 2. karma kAraka :- karmakAraka ke prayoga meM ko, ko, pai, ke, so, pratyayoM kA prayoga milatA hai tathA nahIM bhI milatA hai / udAharaNArtha - puruSa ko', mukhakai kalausa lagAI, kAhU soM, tinako yaha, usa mAraga mata jAya re', zakti bhakti bala kavina pai| 3. kAraNa kAraka - karaNa kAraka ke prayoga "sau" pratyaya se yukta pAye jAte haiM tathA yatra tatra isa niyama ke apavAda bhI draSTavya haiM yathA - sudhArasa sauM', bhAgAM milagyA / 4. sampradAna kAraka :- sampradAna kAraka meM kauM, sauM, kauM Adi cihnoM kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| yathA - "kaMcana kAMca barAbara jinakai / 11 "paramAda cora TAlana nimitta / 5. apAdAna kAraka :- apAdAna kAraka meM soM, teM, cihna pAye jAte haiM / yathA - tuma tribhuvanapati karma te kyoM na chaDAvo mohi aMtaMka soM na chtteN| 1. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 4 4. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 6 7. bhUdharavilAsa pada 21 10. bhUdharavilAsa pada 12 13. bhUdharavilAsa padaM 64 2. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 9 5, jena zataka chanda 6 8. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 3 11. bhUdharavilAsa pada 51 3, pArzvapurANa pRSTha 42 6. jaina zataka chanda 6 9. bhUdharavilAsa pada 39 12.pArzvapuraNa pRSTha 12

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 297 6. sambandha kAraka :- isa kAraka ke cihna kA, kI, ke, ke, ko, haiM, jinakA kavi dvArA sarvatra hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| kisI-kisI sthAna para apavAda bhI milate haiM yathA sUraja maMDala kI unahAra, soheM saphala sAla ke kheta , tisa bhUpatti ke vipra sujAna', 7. adhikaraNa kAraka : adhikaraNa kAraka ke cinha mohi meM, maiM, pai, para-bhUdhara sAhitya sarvatra hI prApta hote haiM / kabhI-kabhI saptamI vibhakti kA prayoga zabda para eai kI mAtrA lagI huI milatI hai / tathA viSai zabda bhI pAyA jAtA hai| yathA - ___ zilA sahodara zIza pai, jina pada pIjare basi, kaTi pai hAtha ", kAnana meM 7, kiMkara para kIjai dayA, bhAMgA mili gayA vede magai-jI', Ananda pari nagara meM daI 1, mata kheda hiye kachuAne ", durjana aura zleSmA ye samAna jagamAhiM , dharma dharma ke phala viSa / pa. sambodhana kAraka :- sambodhana kAraka ke lie bhUdhara-sAhitya meM ai. re, re, are, vIra, vIrA, he, rI, bho, bhAI ityAdi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| isa prakAra ke sambodhana meM nItiparaka evaM bhaktipUrNa carcA huI hai| kisI-kisI sthAna para saMjJA zabda ke antima varNa para "o" kI mAtrA bar3hAkara sambodhana kAraka kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| yathA - aise mere vIra / kAhe hota hai adhIra yAmeM, are aMdha saba dhaMdha jAni svAratha ke saMgI, 15 dekhyauM rI kahiM nemi kumAra 1, mo bAndhava to ura gambhIra ", Ayo re bur3hApA mAnI 19, antara ujjavala karanA re bhAI 191 1. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 40 2. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 41 3. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 4 4. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 7 5, bhUdharavilAsa pada 16 6. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 39 7. jainazataka chanda 55 8. bhUdharavilAsa pada 48 9. pUdharavilAsa pada 12 10. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 3 11. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 6 12. pArzvapurANa' pRSTha 7 13. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 34 14. jaina zataka chanda 71 15. jaina zataka chanda 11 16. bhUgharavilAsa pada 4 17. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 7 18. bhUdharavilAsa pada 30 19. bhUdharavilAsa pada 31

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298 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : vIrA thArI vAna burI parI re / dekhau garaba gahelI rI helI, jAdoM pati kI nArI, kriyApada :- bhUdharasAhitya meM prayukta kriyApada nimnalikhita hai - vartamAnakAlika kriyA - kare hai, tare hai, ThAMDe hai, vandoM, kahoM, praNamAmi, namata / ___ bhUtakAlika kriyA :- dInI, kInI, lInI, khoyo, royo, diyo, gayo bhaI, huA, AI, AyA, pAI, pAyA, bhaye, dekhyA, pekhyA, hasyau, bhajyau, milyo / / bhaviSyat kAlika :- milegA, pAvegA, avaiyA, pachatehe, heMge, leMge, hoyegI, Adi hai (bharegA) pari hai| AjJArthaka kriyAyeM :- taja, maja, hAla, jora, chora, kIjeM, lIjeM, vicAroM, ' sidhAroM, visAroM, dIjie, sunu, sunahu / saMskRta ke kRtvA pratyaya se bane hue kriyA ke rUpoM ko kavi dvArA i, ya lagAkara banAyA gayA hai| jaise * Ai, Aya, dhari, mAni, jAni / apabhraMza samarthita kriyAyeM :- utthapai, virajahi, lajjahi, karijjai, lijjai, muccai, khaNDe, vihaNDe, samappai, thappai, rUccai, vinaTThI, dichI Adi / isa prakAra kI kriyAoM kA prayoga prAya: chappaya nAmaka chanda ke antargata hI huA hai| bhUdhara sAhitya meM vyavahata kriyAoM kA rUpa brajabhASA khar3IbolI tathA kannaujI se milatA huA pAyA jAtA hai tathApi vizleSaNa kI dRSTi se dekhane para prAya: brajabhASA kA prabhAva padoM meM tathA khar3I bolI kI kriyAoM kA prabhAva nIti sambandhI kavitta, savaiyA, dohA nAmaka chandoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| bIca-bIca meM apabhraMza samarthita kriyAoM kA rUpa bhI vyavahata huA hai| saMskRta ke vibhakti yukta rUpa bhI katipaya kriyAoM meM parilakSita hote haiN| isa sabhI kriyA rUpoM 1. bhUdharavilAsa pada 32 2, bhUdharavilAsa pada 26 3. jaina zataka chanda 8, 48, 61, 67 4.'praNamAmi tIna caubIsI kI jayamAlA prakIrNa pada bhUdharadAsa

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299 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana ke atirikta kahIM-kahIM jaihe, jAta Adi kriyAoM meM kannaujI kA prabhAva dRSTavya hai|' udAharaNa ke lie nAyaka ke jIte jaihe, bhAji / bhUdhara sAhitya meM saMyukta kriyAoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai| isaprakAra kavi kA bhASA vyavahAra prAcInatA aura navInatA kA samanvaya karane vAlA tathA vividha rUpa vAlA rahA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM bhUdharadAsa ne hindI bhASA ke samagra rUpoM ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta, apapraMza, arabI-phArasI, urdU Adi ke zabdoM evaM tatsambandhI kriyAoM kA vyAkaraNa saMgata prayoga saphalatApUrvaka kiyA hai| muhAvare evaM lokoktiyoM ke saphala prayoga se bhASA aura adhika prabhAvI ho gaI hai| kula milAkara mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa kI bhASA viSaya ko anukUla hokara bhAvapravaNatA va manoraMjakatA se yukta hai| usameM sarasatA, komalatA, madhuratA, subodhanA, sArthakatA Adi guppa pAre haiN| sahI viradhAnukUla prasAda, oja va mAdhuryaguNa kA samAveza hai / nAda-saundarya ke sAdhana chanda, tuka gati, yati, laya Adi kA sundara tathA muhAvare aura lokoktiyoM kA saphala prayoga pAThaka ko maMtra-mugdha kara detA hai / isaprakAra bhUdharadAsa kI bhASA sarvatra bhAva evaM viSaya ke anukUla hokara prabhAvakArI bana par3I hai| (kha) chanda vidhAna bhAva ke anusAra chanda kA vyavahAra kuzala kavi ke dvArA huA karatA hai / chanda ke bAre meM zrI jagannAtha prasAda 'bhAnu' kA kathana hai ki mata, varaNa, yati, gati niyama, aMtahi samatA bnd| jo pada racanA meM mileM, bhAnu bhagata sui chnd| 'bhAnu' bhanata prati chanda meM caraNa hota haiM cAra / ghaTa bar3ha visamani chanda meM, kavijana leta vicAra / ' mAtrA, varNa kI racanA, virAma, gati kA niyama aura caraNAnta meM samatA jisa vAkya racanA meM pAI jAtI hai; use chanda kahate haiM / pratyeka chanda meM cAra pada, pAda yA caraNa hote haiM, parantu viSama chandoM meM koI niyama nahIM hai| 1 bhUgharavilAsa pada 41 2. calyA jAta hai khasakari, bhUdharavilAsa pada 41 3. chanda prabhAkara maMgalAcaraNa, jaganAtha prasAda 'bhAnu' pRSTha 4

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : chanda do prakAra ke hote haiM- varNika evaM mAtrika / madhyakAlIna kaviyoM ne donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne bhI varNika aura mAtrika- donoM prakAra ke chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / varNika chandoM meM cAmara, mattagayanda savaiyA, durmila savaiyA evaM manahara kavitta ina cAra chandoM kA tathA mAtrika chandoM meM dohA caupAI, soraThA, aDilla, chappaya, paddhati, kuNDaliyA, AryA, dhattA, tribhaMgI, halAla, harigItikA, rolA- ina teraha chandoM kA prayoga huA hai / 300 - kAvya meM antarnihita bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie svara ke Aroha va avaroha kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| bhASA kI sajIva abhivyakti ke lie, nAda saundarya ko ucca, namra, samatala, vistRta aura sarasa banAne ke lie anubhUtiyoM va cintana ko prabhAvI banAne ke lie bhASA ko lAkSaNika banAne hetu evaM 'Atmavibhora karane yA hone ke lie chanda yojanA Avazyaka hai| bhUdharadAsa dvArA prayukta chandoM kA vivecana kramaza: nimnalikhita hai dohA - yaha eka jachanda hai / saMskRta meM zloka aura prAkRta meM nAthA ke samAna apabhraMza meM dohA hotA hai| dohA apabhraMza kA apanA chanda hai / jise Arambha meM " dehA" kahA gayA hai| usameM prathama va tRtIya caraNa meM 13-13 tathA dvitIya va caturtha caraNa meM 11-11 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| hindI taka Ate-Ate yaha chanda " doharA " "dohA " Adi rUpoM meM vyavahRta huA hai| hindI sAhitya meM prabandha evaM muktaka donoM hI prakAra kI racanAoM meM dohA chanda kA upayoga huA hai I ne bhI isa chanda kA prayoga prabandha evaM muktaka donoM hI rUpoM meM bhUdharadAsa kiyA hai| prabandha ke rUpa meM "pArzvapurANa" meM dohA chanda kA prayoga caupAiyoM ke bIca-bIca meM parilakSita hotA hai| mahAkAvya pArzvapurANa meM 411 chohA chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| jainazataka meM 22 dohA chandoM kA tathA aviziSTa prakIrNa sAhitya meM 43 dohA chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| bhUdhara sAhitya meM dohA chanda kA prayoga hindI kI paramparA ke anusAra hI huA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne dohe kA prayoga bhakti, upadeza, adhyAtma, darzana Adi ke varNana meM kiyA hai| 1. chanda prabhAkara jagannAtha prasAda bhAnu pRSTha 82 -

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301 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana caupAI - dohA kI bhA~ti caupAI bhI mAtrika chanda hai|' isameM 16 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| isakA vikAsa prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke 16 mAtrA vAle varNanAtmaka chanda se huA hai| caupAI meM 15 mAtrAe~ tathA anya meM guru laghu hotA hai| hindI sAhitya meM prAcIna samaya se hI caupAI chanda kA prayoga upalabdha hai| bhUdharadAsa ne caupAI chanda kA prayoga prabandha evaM muktaka donoM hI kAvya rUpoM meM kiyA hai / kavi dvArA pArzvapurANa meM 934 tathA avaziSTa prakIrNa sAhitya meM 184 caupAI chandoM kA prayoga huA hai| soraThA - dohA kI bhA~ti soraThA bhI mAtrika arddhasama chanda hai / racanA kI dRSTi se soraThA chanda kA ulTA hotA hai| isake prathama va tRtIya caraNa meM 11-11 tathA dvitIya va caturtha caraNa meM 13-13 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| "prAkRta peMgalam" meM soraThA ko "apabhraMza soraTThA" kahA gayA hai|' hindI sAhitya meM soraThA chanda kA vyavahAra prabandha evaM muktaka donoM kAvyarUpoM meM upalabdha hai| soraThA chanda pArzvapurANa meM 28 bAra, jaina zataka meM 2 bAra tathA prakIrNa sAhitya meM 4 bAra prayukta huA hai| bhUdharadAsa ke sahitya meM soraThA chanda paramparAnusAra hI prayukta huA hai| chappaya * chappaya saMyukta mAtrika viSama chanda hai| isameM 6 pada tathA 148 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| prAya: isakA prayoga vIra rasa meM hotA hai, parantu bhUdharadAsa ne isakA prayoga anya rasoM meM bhI viSayAnusAra kiyA hai| kavivara bhUdharadAsa dvArA prabandha evaM muktaka donoM hI kAvyarUpoM meM chappaya chanda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| pArzvapurANa meM chappaya chanda kA prayoga 13 bAra, jaina zataka meM 13 bAra tathA prakIrNa sAhitya meM 10 bAra upalabdha hai| kavi ne isa chanda kA prayoga paramparA ke viruddha zAnta rasa meM bhI kiyA hai, kintu vahA~ bhI zailI meM oja evaM pravAha chappaya kI kI apanI prakRti ke anusAra hI parilakSita hotA hai| chappaya chandoM 1, chanda prabhAkara,jagannAthaprasAda 'bhAnu' pRSTha 49 2. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 1 sampAdaka DaoN. dhIrendra varmA pRSTha 320 3. prAkRta peMgalam 1:70, sampAdaka DaoN. bholAzaMkara vyAsa bhAga 1 san 1959 4. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 1 sampAdaka DaoN. dhIrendra varmA pRSTha 323 5. jaina zataka chanda 4 tathA pArzvapurANa pRSTha 1(bhAnutilaka .....)

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302 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : meM kavi ne prAya: apabhraMza kI prakRti vAlI virajjahiM, lajjahiM, karijjai, lijjai, dajjhai, arujjhai, samappai, thappai, ruppai, muccai Adi kriyAoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| aDilla * aDilla mAtrika sama chanda hai|' aDilla chanda kA prayoga vIrarasa evaM sAmAnya itivRttAtmaka prakaraNoM meM huA hai| bhUdharadAsakRta prabandha evaM muktaka prakIrNa sAhitya donoM hI rUpoM meM isakA prayoga huA hai| kavikRta pArzvapurANa meM 9 bAra prakIrNa sAhitya meM kevala 1 bAra isakA prayoga huA hai / kavi ne aDilla chanda kA prayoga naraka varNana svarga varNana, bAbIsa parISaha Adi varNanAtmaka sthaloM para tathA kathA ko gati dene ke lie kiyA hai| paddhar3I - yaha mAtrika sama chanda hai| apabhraMza sAhitya meM sAmAnya varNana meM usakA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| hindI meM cAraNa kaviyoM ne sAmAnya varNana kI paramparA ko gauNa rakhakara yuddhavarNana evaM vIrarasa ke varNana ke lie isakA prayoga kiyA hai| pArzvapurANa meM yaha 74 bAra prayukta huA hai| kavi ne isake prayoga meM hindI kI paramparA kA nirvAha na karate hue apabhraMza kI sAmAnya paramparA kA pAlana kiyA hai| pArzvapurANa meM prakRti varNana, solaha svapna, janma kalyANaka, saMvaratattva kathana Adi kA varNana paddhaDI chanda meM kiyA gayA hai| kuNDaliyA - yaha eka mAtrika chanda hai| yaha chanda apabhraMza se lekara Aja taka hindI meM vyavahata hotA rahA hai| hindI sAhitya ke rIti kAla meM bhakta evaM nItivettA kaviyoM dvArA kuNDaliyA chanda kA sarvAdhika vyavahAra huA hai| bhUdharadAsa ke prakIrNa sAhitya meM kevala eka bAra kuNDaliyA chanda kA vyavahAra huA hai| -- ... .-.-... - ... . ..-.-.-. 1. hindI vizvakoza - sampAdaka DaoN. nagendra pRSTha 170 kalakattA 2. chanda prabhAkara - jagannAtha prasAda bhAnu' pRSTha 95 dazama saMskaraNa 3. paisA daza pramANa kana yaha terA saba jora tisa kAraNa dukha kI kathA kahata na Avai ora / kahata na Avai ora na bhora uThi vahI kharAbI hA hA karata vihAya jAya tisanA nahi dAvI eka palaka nahiM cena re nA supanA bhI paisA yoM hI hIrA janama bAya tita ajuli paisA / guTakA 6766 biikaaner|

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana AryA AryA chanda bhASA kA zuddha mAtrika chanda hai / AryA chanda kA saMskRta bhASA meM pracura prayoga rahA hai| sAhila meM isa chanda kA atyalpa vyavahAra parilakSita hotA hai / kavi dvArA pArzvapurANa meM do bAda uddharaNa hetu AryA chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| carcA samAdhAna meM bhI kaI bAra AryA chandoM ke uddharaNa diye gaye haiN| - dhattA dhattA mAtrika addhasama chanda hai|' yaha apabhraMza kA bahuta vyavahRta chanda rahA hai| hindI sAhitya meM bhI viralatA ke sAtha dhattA chanda kA prayoga upalabdha hotA hai / bhUdharadAsa ne "paMcamerai kI AratI" nAmaka phuTakara racanA meM dhattA chanda kA do bAra prayoga kiyA hai| tribhaMgI tribhaMgI mAtrika sama chanda kA eka bheda hai| - 303 - isakA vyavahAra apabhraMza kAla se hI rahA hai| hindI meM tulasI, kezava, ghanAnanda Adi ne tribhaMgI chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| prArthanAparaka evaM stutiparaka bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie tribhaMgI chanda kA prayoga mukhyataH huA hai| vIra kAvyoM meM vIra rasa ke sAtha usake sahakArI rasa- raudra tathA vIbhatya meM bhI yaha chanda prayukta huA hai| bhUdharadAsa ke do aSTaka tribhaMgI chanda meM likhe haiM; jinameM prArthanA evaM stutiparaka bhAvoM kI abhivyakti huI hai / ' haMsAla - haMsAla samamAtrika daNDaka kA eka bheda hai| - haMsAla, karakhA aura jhUlanA samAna mAtrA vAle chanda haiN| chanda kA nirNaya yati sthAna se kasauTI para kasane se kiyA jAtA hai|" madhyakAlIna nirguniye santoM 1. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 1 sampAdaka DaoN. dhIrendra varmA pRSTha 310 2. paMcameru kI AratI, guTakA naM. 6766 bIkAnera 3. chanda prabhAkara jagannAtha prasAda 'bhAnu' pRSTha 72 dazama saMskaraNa 4. aSTaka neminAtha ke prakIrNa guTakA 6766 biikaaner| neminAtha aSTaka prakIrNa hastalikhita guTakA nambara 108 ke patra 116 para aMkita, Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, jypur| - 5. chanda prabhAkara jagannAtha prasAda 'bhAnu' pRSTha 76 dazama saMskaraNa 6. sUra sAhitya kA chanda zAstrIya adhyayana DaoN. gaurIzaMkara mizra "dvijendra prathama saMskaraNa : pRSTha 271-72 san 1966

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304 mahAkavi pUdharadAsa : ke kAvya meM haMsAla chanda kA pracalana rahA hai| kabIra, raidAsa, nAnaka dAdUdayAla, haridAsa niraMjanI Adi dvArA haMsAla evaM karakhA chanda kA prayoga huA hai| zrRMgArAdi komala bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie karakhA aura jhUlanA kA tathA vIra aura bhayAnaka bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie haMsAla kA prayoga hotA rahA hai| kabhI-kabhI haMsAla kA prayoga zrRMgAraparaka padoM meM bhI upalabdha hotA hai| bhUdharadAsa dvArA kevala eka "haMsAla" chanda kA prayoga "jhUlanA" ke nAma se huA hai| jisakA chanda nirNaya yahA~ yati sthAna 2017 ko dRSTi meM rakhakara kiyA gayA hai / isameM kavi dvArA bhaktipUrNa komala bhAvoM kI abhivyakti huI hai| harigItikA - harigItikA mAtrika samachanda kA ekabheda hai| isameM 16-12 ke vizrAma se 28 mAtrAe~ hotI haiN| hindI sAhitya ke kaviyoM ne harigItikA chanda ke prayoga meM svataMtratA baratI hai aura apanI icchAnusAra prayoga kiyA hai|' isa chanda kA vyavahAra sabhI rasoM meM samAna rUpa se ho sakatA hai| bhUdharasAhitya meM harigItikA chanda kA prayoga prabandha aura muktaka donoM hI prakAra ke kAvya meM upalabdha hai| isa chanda kA "harigIta" tathA "gItA" nAma se 16 bAra pArzvapurANa meM aura "gItikA" nAma se kevala eka bAra jainazataka meM prayoga huA hai| kavi dvArA isa chanda kA prayoga sAmAnya varNana ke lie zAnta rasa kI abhivyakti meM huA hai| rolA - rolA mAtrika samachanda hai| isameM 11-13 ke vizrAma se 24 mAtrAyeM hotA hai / hindI sAhitya meM isakA prayoga sUra, candavaradAI, nandadAsa, kezava sUdana, Adi aneka kaviyoM ne kiyA hai / yaha chanda pratyeka rasa kI abhivyakti ke lie upayukta ho sakatA hai; kyoMki isa chanda meM varNana kSamatA kI tIvratA hai| --- . . 1, payA pUta priya kAriNI mAyajI ke kiMdho loka ke candane janama lIyA // indra candra nAgendra ke nena ALe jIye jIva paMchI tine prema dIyA gayA pApa saMtApa saba Apa hI sakala ziSTi dhApI sudhA pAna pIyA bhUdharamalla se dAsa kI Asa pUgI mere citta AkAsa meM vAsa kIyA // guTakA prakIrNa 6766 bIkAnera 2. chanda prabhAkara - jagannAtha prasAda 'bhAnu' pRSTha 67 3. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 1 sampAdaka DaoN. dhIrendra varmA pRSTha 62 4. chanda prabhAkara - jagannAtha prasAda 'bhAnu' pRSTha 61

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 305 bhUdharadAsa ne apane prakIrNa sAhitya meM 26 bAra rolA chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa chanda meM kavi ne ekIbhAva se bhagavAna jinendra kI stuti kI hai|' cAmara * cAmara varNika samavRtta kama eka bheda hai| hindI sAhitya meM isakA vyavahAra hotA rahA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne pArzvapurANa meM kevala eka bAra isa chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| mayattaganda savaiyA - yaha varNika vRtta ke bhagaNAzrita varga kA eka bheda hai| isameM 23 varNa hote haiN| yaha chanda hindI sAhitya ke rItikAla meM apanI layacArutA evaM dhvanyAtmakatA ke liye vikhyAta rahA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne varNavRtta mattagayanda savaiyA kA prayoga prabandha aura muktaka donoM prakAra ke kAvyarUpoM meM kiyA hai| pArzvapurANa meM 3 bAra, evaM jainazataka meM 24 bAra isakA prayoga huA hai / kavi ne isakA prayoga stuti evaM AcAraparakAdi bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie kiyA hai| durmila savaiyA - durmila savaiyA savaiyA chanda kA eka sagaNAzrita bheda hai| isakA prayoga bhUdharadAsa ne mattagayanda kI apekSA kama kiyA hai / bhUgharadAsa sAhitya meM durmila savaiyA kA prayoga AcAraparaka chandoM meM bhaktipUrNa abhivyakti ke lie atisughar3atA ke sAtha huA hai / kavi ne jainazataka meM 6 bAra tathA prakIrNa sAhitya meM 2 bAra isakA prayoga kiyA hai| manahara kavitta - manahara kavitta 21 varNamAlA varNika chanda hai| ise sAmAnyata: daNDaka yA vRtta bhI kahate haiM / yaha brajabhASA kA priya chanda hai / tulasI, sUra, kezava Adi ne bhI isa chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai| rItikAla meM sAhitya kA sArA vaibhava manahara kavitta para hI AdhArita hai / isa chanda dvArA sabhI rasoM kI saphala abhivyakti kI jA sakatI hai| manahara kavitta muktaka kI vizeSatA 1. ekIbhAva stotra bhaassaa| 2. pAzavapurANa pRSTha 23 3. hindI sAhitya koza pAga 1 pRSTha - 897 dvitIya saMskaraNa 4. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 1 sampAdaka DaoN.dhIrendra varmA pRSTha - 897 dvitIya saMskaraNa 5. vahIM pRSTha 63

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3306 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : hai / adhyAtma aura bhakti meM isakA saphala prayoga huA hai| sAtha hI bhUdharadAsa dvArA yaha chanda sAmAnya varNana meM zAMta rasa kI abhivyakti ke lie bhI prayukta huA hai / kavi ne isakA prayoga prabandha aura muktaka donoM rUpoM meM kiyA hai| isake atirikta bhUdharasAhitya meM aise chandoM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jo tatkAlIna pracalita rAga aura chandoM ke mizrita rUpa kahe jA sakate haiN| ye chanda haiM - cAla, belI cAla, narendra jogIrAsA, pAmAvatI, DhAla, evaM kusumalatA / kavi kI chanda yojanA ke bAre meM zrI nemicanda jyotiSAcArya apane grantha "hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana" pRSTha 161 para likhate haiM ki-"kavi dhUbhadAya ke kAvya granthoM meM chanda vaicitraya kA upayoga sarvatra milegaa| inhoMne sabhI sundara chandoM kA prayoga rasAnukUla kiyA hai| vairAgya nirUpaNa karane ke lie narendra (jogIrAsA) chanda ko cunA hai| isameM anta meM guruvarNa para jora dene se sArI paMkti taragita ho jAtI hai|" ___ saMgIta vidhAna vibhinna rAga - saMgIta kI paribhASA dezI aura videzI vidvAnoM ke upanyasta kI hai| kisI ke anusAra saMgIta dhvani ke pariveza meM bhAvanAoM ko vyakta karane kA prayAsa hai / ' to kisI ke anusAra gIta vAdya aura nRtya kI triveNI saMgIta hai| yahA~ para nRtya vAdya kA anugamana karatA hai aura vAdya gIta ke anusAra prasArita huA karatA hai / isaprakAra se nRtya, vAdya aura ... - -.1. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 6 2. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 60 3. bananAbhi cakravarti kI vairAgya bhAvanA - prakIrNa tathA pArzvapurANa pRSTha 17-18 4. bAbIsa parISaha - prakIrNa tathA pArzvapurANa pRSTha 32 se 34 taka 5, Namokara mahAtala kI DhAla * prakIrNa tathA pArzvapurANa pRSTha 82 6. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 35 7. e hisTrI oNpha myUjika - parsI sI.baka pRSTha 12 dvisIya saMskaraNa 8. 'gItaM vAcaM tathA nRtyaM yaM saMgItamucyate' saMgIta ratnAkara, zrI sAraMgadeva, pRSTha 6 Ananda Azrama saMgIta graMthAvalI, graMthAka 35 san 1876

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307 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana gIta kI sANi meM gIta kI pradhAnatA samupasthita ho jAtI hai| gIta meM vibhinna rAgoM kA prayoga hotA hai| rAga svara varNo se vibhUSita vaha dhvani vizeSa hai, jo logoM ke citta kA anuraMjana karatI hai| rAgoM ke gAyana vAdana ke lie samaya nirdhArita hai| vaise gAyaka ke svara cAturya se eka svara vizeSa kA rAga dUsare samaya meM bhI gAyA jA sakatA hai| usameM bheda kevala saptaka ke svara para bala dene kA hI rahatA hai| phira bhI samaya ke anusAra rAgoM ko sthUla rUpa se nimnalintita tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai| 1 komala re dha vAle bhAga - samaya prAta: 4 se 7 baje taka 2 zuddha re dha vAle rAga - dina evaM rAtri 7 se 11 baje taka 3 komala ga ni vAle rAga - samaya dina evaM rAtri 11 se 4 baje taka 1. komala re dha vAle rAga - komala re dha vAle bhAga ke gAne kA samaya prAta: 4 baje se 7 baje taka kA hai| ina rAgoM meM uttarAMga prabala hogA tathA zuddha madhyama kA bAhulya hogaa| jaise prabhAtI, baMgAlA, bhairava, bhairavI, rAmakalI, paMcama aura kaalNgaa| kAlaMgA inhIM svaroM ke rAgoM meM yadi pUrvAMga athavA tIvra madhyama ko prabala kara diyA jAya to ye sAyaM 4 se 7 baje taka gAye jAne vAle rAga ho jaayeNge| yathA gaurI, zrI gaurI ghanAzrI ityaadi| 2. zuddha re dha vAle rAga- komala re dha vAle rAgoM kA samaya samApta ho jAne ke bAda dina ke 7 baje se 11 baje aura rAtri meM 7 baje se 11 baje taka zuddha re dha vAle rAgoM kA gAyana vAdana hotA hai| usa samaya dina meM nirdhArita samaya meM gAye jAne vAle rAga naTa, vihAga, kalyANa ityAdi haiN| 3. komala ga ni vAle rAga - zuddha re dha vAle rAgoM ke samaya ke pazcAt gAye jAne vAle rAgoM meM komala ga ni vAle rAga Ate haiN| unakA samaya dina ke 11 baje se zAma 4 baje taka aura isIprakAra rAtri ke 11 se prAta: 4 baje taka hai| isaprakAra ke rAgoM meM pUrvAMga aura uttarAMga ke kramaza: prabala aura durbala 1. 'nRtyaM vadyAnugaM proktaM vAdyaM gItAnuvRtti ca' vahI pRSTha 2. so'yaM dhvani vizeSastu svaravarNa vibhuussitH| raMjako jana vittAnAM sa: rAgaH kathito budhH|| abhinava rAga maMjarI paNDita viSNuzarmA pRSTha 8 san 1921 bambaI /

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08 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : karane se rAga bheda bhI ho jAte haiN| dina ke 11 baje se 4 baje taka gAye jAne vAle rAgoM meM sAraMga, baravA, pIlU ityAdi haiM / rAtri ke ukta nirdhArita samaya meM gAye jAne vAle rAgoM meM soraThA, kAphI kAnhar3A ityAdi rheNge| isake atirikta kucha rAga Rtu vizeSa se sambandhita bhI hote haiM / yathAmalAra yA malhAra / bhUdhara sAhitya meM prayukta rAgoM kA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai krama akArAdi krama kitanI bAra aura kula prayoga rAga kI prakRti aura se rAga kahA~ prayukta usake gAne kA samaya - . 1. kalyANa bhUdharavilAsa 1 1 2. kAphI prabhAvilAsa 4 3 prakIrNa 1 . 3. kAnhar3I bhUdharavilAsa 1 1 zuddha re dha vAlA rAga, samaya rAtri kA prathama prahara komala ga ni vAlA rAga samaya rAta 11 baje se prAta: 4 baje taka komala ga ni vAlA rAga samaya rAta 11 baje se prAta: 4 baje taka komala ga ni vAlA rAga samaya rAta 11 baje se prAta: 4 baje taka komala re dha vAlA rAga samaya sAyaM 4 se prAta: 7 baje taka 4. kAphI kAnhar3I prakIrNa 1 5. gaurI 3 bhUdharavilAsa 1 prakIrNa padoM meM 2

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309 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 6. ghanAzrI bhUdharavilAsa meM 3 (ghanAsarI) prakIrNa meM 1 4 7. naTa bhUbharavillAga : : 8. paMcama 2 9. prabhAtI bhUdharavilAsa 1 ' prakIrNa 1 bhUdharavilAsa 1 prakIrNa 1 prakIrNa 1 2 komala re dha vAlA rAga, samaya sAyaM 4 se 7 baje taka zuddha re dha vAlA rAga samaya 7 baje se rAta 11 baje komala re dha vAlA rAga samaya prAta: 4 se 7 komala re dha vAlA rAga samaya prAta: 4 se 7 komala ga ni vAlA rAga dina ke 11 baje se 4 baje komala re dha vAlA rAga samaya prAta: 4 se 7 baje komala ga ni vAlA rAga samaya 11 baje se 4 baje taka 10. pIlU 11, baMgAlA bhUdharavilAsa 2 2 3 12. baravA (kavi ne bhUdharavilAsa meM 1 usakA nAma prakIrNa meM 2 khyAla baravA diyA hai) 13. bilAvala bhUdharavilAsa 2 2 14. bhairavI prakIrNa 1 15. bhairoM ( bhairava) prakIrNa 1 zuddha re gha vAlA rAga samaya prAta: 4 se 7 baje komala re dha vAlA rAga samaya prAta: 4 se 7 komala re dha vAlA rAga samaya prAta: 4 se 7 baje Rtu vizeSa se sambandhita pAvasa Rtu 3 16. malama (malhAra) bhUdharavilAsa 2 prakIrNa 1

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310 17. rAmakalI 18. vihAga ( vihAgarA) 19. zrI gaurI 20. sAraMga 21. soraTha prakIrNa padoM meM bhUdharavilAsa 3 prakIrNa 2 prakIrNa padoM meM 1 2 bhUdharavilAsa 2 bhUdharavilAsa meM 14 prakIrNa meM 4 1 2 2 18 5 mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa komala redha vAlA rAga prAta: 4 se 7 baje zuddha ra dha vAlA rAga samaya 7 se 11 baje rAta komala re dha vAlA rAga samaya sAyaM 4 se 7 baje komala ga ni vAlA rAga samaya 11 se 4 sAyaM taka * komala gani vAlA rAga samaya rAtri 11 baje se prAta: 4 baje taka isake atirikta bhUdharadAsa ke padoM meM prayukta anya rAga khyAla, gajala, rAyasA, dhamAla Adi ke vizleSaNa se ye spaSTa hotA haiM ki vastutaH khyAla gAyaka kI zailI vizeSa hai, rAga nahIM hai| isIprakAra gajala bhI zailI vizeSa haiM, jisameM urdU bhASA kI prema sambandhI kavitA ko gAyA jAtA hai| rAyasA loka dhvani hai, jo rAjasthAna meM gAyI jAtI hai tathA dhamAla dhamAra kA bigar3A rUpa hai| dhamAra saMgIta meM eka tAla vizeSa hotI hai| isa tAla vizeSa ke gItoM meM rAdhA kRSNa ke horI khelane viSayaka gIta rahate haiM, kintu bhUdharadAsa ke dhamAla meM isaprakAra kA koI vivecana upalabdha nahIM huA hai| isameM to kavi ne apane ArAdhya kI anya se mahattA pradarzita kI hai| bhUdharadAsa ke padoM ke sampAdaka mahodaya ko saMgIta ke prati vizeSa moha rahA hai| isalie unhoMne khyAla, gajala, rAyasA, dhamAla Adi ke sAtha bhI rAga zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai jo vAstava meM ucita nahIM hai /

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 311 (ga) alaMkAra vidhAna kAvya mAnava kI antarAtmA ko tRpti pradAna karatA hai / kAvyagata saundarya ke mahatvapUrNa sAdhanoM meM guNa, rIti, alaMkAra Adi Ate haiN| prAya: sabhI kAvyazAstriyoM ne alaMkAra ko kAvya kA vizeSa saundaryavardhaka tattva svIkAra kiyA hai / alaMkAroM ke samyak prayoga se bhAvAbhivyakti meM ramaNIyatA, komalatA, sUkSmatA aura tIvratA AtI hai / sundara bhAvoM kI sarasa abhivyakti ke lie zreSTha alaMkAroM kI bojanA Avazyaka hai / vyAvahArika dharAtala para alaMkAroM ke dvArA apane kathana ko kavi yA lekhaka zrotA yA pAThaka ke mana meM bhItara taka baiThAne kA prayatna karatA hai| bAta ko bar3hA-car3hA kara use mana kA vistAra karatA hai| bAhya vaiSamya Adi kA niyojana kara Azcarya kI udbhAvanA karatA hai tathA bAta ko ghumA phirAkara vakratA ke sAtha kahakara pAThaka kI jijJAsA ko uddIpta karatA bhUdharadAsa ne balAt alaMkAroM ko lAne kA prayAsa nahIM kiyA, apitu unakI racanAoM meM alaMkAra svabhAvata: A gaye haiN| bhUdharadAsa sahita prAya: sabhI jaina kaviyoM ne bhAvagata saundarya ko akSuNNa rakhate hue svAbhAvika rUpa se alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM zrI nemicanda jyotiSAcArya likhate haiM ki "hindI jaina kaviyoM kI kavitA kAminI anAr3I rAjakulAMganA ke samAna na to adhika alaMkAroM ke bojha se dabI hai aura na grAmyabAlA ke samAna nirAbharaNA hI hai| isameM nAgarika ramaNiyoM ke samAna sundara upayukta alaMkAroM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai / ___bhUdharasAhitya meM prAya: sabhI pramukha alaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai parantu unameM bhI anuprAsa, punarukti prakAza, yamaka, upamA, rUpaka, utprekSA, vinokti, vibhAvanA dRSTAnta, udAharaNa Adi alaMkAroM kA sAbhiprAya sahaja aura kalApUrNa vyavahAra huA hai / inakA vistRta vivecana nimnalikhita hai1. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana - zrI nemicanda jyotiSAcArya, pRSTha 237 2. vahI pRSTha 163

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312 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : anuprAsa - kavitA meM dhvanyAtmakatA aura saMgItAtmakatA ke lie anuprAsa alaMkAra kA prayoga hindI meM Arambha se hI huA hai| kavittoM aura padoM kI zailI meM anuprAsa alaMkAra kI chaTA vastutaH darzanIya hai / alocya kavi bhUdharadAsa ne bhI kavittoM, savaiyoM aura padoM meM anuprAsa kA upayoga svacchantApUrvaka kiyA hai| jinavANI aura mithyAvANI meM tulanAtmaka vivecana meM anuprAsa kA vyavahAra draSTavya hai| punarukti prakAza * bhAvotkarSa aura bhASA meM zaktimattA kI sthApanA ke lie kavi dvArA punarukti prakAza alaMkAra kA vyavahAra huA hai / zabdoM kI punarukti tathA padAMzoM kI punarukti kA kavi dvArA upayoga huA hai| ___ yamaka * zabdAlaMkAroM meM yamayaka alaMkAra kA bar3A mahatvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| isa alaMkAra ke vyavahAra meM kavi kI bhAvagata bArIkI tathA vicAragata bauddhika vilAsa ke darzana sahaja meM hI ho jAte haiN| bhakti bhAva ko vyakta karane meM yamaka kA prayoga bhUdharadAsa dvArA huA hai| upamA - kavi dvArA upamA alaMkAra ke prayoga meM navInatA kI sthApanA huI hai| udAharaNArtha-garbhastha bAla bhagavAna kI upamA motI se, nhaunasaMskAra ke samaya bAla pAzavakumAra kI upamA nIlAcala se tathA bur3hApe meM bAla pakane tathA kaSAyoM ke bane rahane kI bagulA se upamA dekara apane abhipreta artha ko pUrNa 1. jainazataka chanda 16 2, (a) ghora vana ghora gharA cahu ora Dore jyoM tyoM calata hiloreM tyoM tyoM phoreM bala ye are // jainazataka bhUdharadAsa chaMda 13 (A) yA vidhi saMta kahe pani haiM, dhani haiM jina baina bar3e upakArI // jainazataka bhUdharadAsa chaMda 15 3.(a) janana jaladhi jalaja jala yAna eka chana / jainazataka chappaya 8 (A) kAnana kahA sune yo kAnana joga lIna jinarAja khare haiN| jainazataka chaMda 3 4. yathA sopa sampuTa viSe motI upaje Ana, tyoM hI nirmala garbha meM nirAbAdha bhagavAna / pArzvapurANa pRSTha 46 5. nIra vasana prabhu deha para kalaza nIra chavi ema, nIcala sira hema ke bAdala barasata jema / pArzvapurANa pRSTha 52 6. sIsa payo bagulA sama seta, rahyo ura aMtara zyAma ajoM hI / jainazavaka bhUdharadAsa chanda 31

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 313 abhivyakti pradAna kI hai| itanA hI nahIM kavi mAnava zarIra ke uttarotara parivartana kI samAnatA vakSoM ke patroM se karatA hai| kavi dhana-yauvana Adi kI kSaNabhaMguratA kI tulanA indradhanuSa kI nazvaratA se karatA hai| ye saba indradhanuSa ke samAna lubhAvane, kintu kSaNasthAyI hote haiN| rUpaka - upamA kI bhA~ti kavi rUpaka alaMkAra ke prayoga meM navInatA pradarzita karatA hai / rIti kAla meM rUpaka alaMkAra ke antargata upamAna prAya: rUDhiMgata vyavahata hue haiM, kintu isa paramparA meM bhUdharadAsa ko parigaNita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / bhUdharadAsa ne rUpaka alaMkAra meM sAbhiprAya maulika upamAnoM kA upayoga kiyA hai / kAla ko rahaTa, rAta dina ko jala bharane vAlI rahaTa kI bAlTiyA~ aura isa rahaTa ko calAne vAle sUraja-candramA baila haiN| kavi kA yaha prayoga vastuta: abhinava kintu bhAvAbhivyakti ke lie atyanta sazakta hai| isake sAtha hI kavi ke kAvya kA mUla svara bhakti aura vairAgya pUrNa hone ke kAraNa hindI bhaktikAlIna rUpakoM kI parampasa ne kavi ko prabhAvita kiyA hai| bhaktikAlIna nirguNa kaviyoM dvArA vyavahRta totA, carakhA, ThaginI Adi upamAnoM kA bhUdharadAsa ne bhI upayoga kiyA hai|' kavi ne "vIra himAcala teM nikasI" - jinavANI stuti meM zAradA jinavANI ko gaMgA nadI kA rUpaka tathA *aba mere samakita sAvana Ayo" pada meM samyaktva ko sAvana kA rUpaka dete hue zreSThattA kA paricaya diyA hai| utprekSA - rUpaka kI taraha kavi ne utprekSAoM ke prayoga meM bhI maulikatA kA paricaya diyA hai| kavi dvArA AkAza meM uThate hue kAle dhue~ ko pApa 1. mAlaka kAyA kUpala-pArzvapurANa pRSTha 28 2. rAta divasa ghaTa mAla subhAva -pArzvapurANa pRSTha 28 3. (a) mere mana sUvA, jina pada pIjare basi, yAra lAva na mApa re| tU kyoM nicintoM sadA toko takata kAla majAra re | bhUdharavilAsa pada 5 (A) carakhA calatA nAhi, carakhA huA puraanaa| prakIrNa pada tathA hindI pada saMgraha kastUracanda kAsalIvAla san 1965 (i) suni Thagani mAyA teM saba jaga Thaga khaayaa| jo isa Thagani ko Thaga baiThe, meM tisako sira nAyA / - bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 8

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314 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kI ', mukuTa maNiyoM kI pratichAyA meM amaroM kI duHkhiyoM ko sambala dene ke artha meM bhagavAna kI AjAnubAhu kI', tathA jina bhagavAna ke eka habAra ATha lakSaNoM meM kalpataru ke puSpoM kI', anUThI kalpanAe~ vyavahRtta huI haiM / yahA~ para jina utprekSAoM kA prayoga huA hai, ve vastutaH rUr3himata haiM tathA unase kavi kathana meM anuprAsa camatkAra bhI parilakSita hotA hai yathA -devagaNa bhagavAna ke caraNoM meM apanA mastaka jhukA rahe haiM, mAnoM ve apane kukarmoM kI rekhA miTAnA cAhate haiN|' janmAbhiSeka ke samaya jala aisA laga rahA hai, mAnoM niSpApa hokara urdhvagamana kara rahA ho| kuMkumAdi dvArA bAla tIrthaMkara kA lepana aisA laga rahA hai mAnoM nIlagiri para sA~jha phUlI ho|' isake atirikta kavi ne anya aneka utprekSAe~ prakRti se lI haiN| vinokti - jahA~ eka ke binA dUsare ke zobhita yA azobhita hone kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai, vahA~ vinokti alaMkAra hotA hai| kavi dvArA vinokti alaMkAra kA prayoga dArzanika mAnyatAoM kI sthApanA ke prasaMga meM saphalatApUrvaka huA hai| isake antargata bhUdharadAsa ne rAga ke binA bhogoM kI hInatA kA varNana kiyA hai| vibhAvanA - IzvarIya zakti kA tAlu oSTha ke binA prabhu dvArA vANI kA khiranA vastuta: vibhAvanA alaMkAra kA puSTa prayoga hai| dRSTAnta - jaina jagata meM "namokAra maMtra" athavA "namaskAra maMtra" kA bar3A hI mahatva rahA hai| namokAra maMtra kI mahimA sthApita karane ke lie kavi ne aneka 1. jainazataka pada 1 2. jainazataka pada 6 3. jainazataka chanda 1 4. pAvapurANa Ama adhikAra pRSTha 68 5. jainazataka chanda 1 6. pArzvapurANa SaSTha adhikAra pRSTha 52 7. yahI pRSTha 52 8. pArzvapurANa aSTama adhikAra pRSTha 71,106 9. anazavaka chanda 18 10. pAvapurANa, adhikAra 7

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 315 prAcIna zAstrokta kathAoM kA upayoga dRSTAnta alaMkAra ke rUpa meM kiyA hai|' isIprakAra sapta vyasana kI carcA karate hue kavi dvArA pANDava rAjA, baka jAnogaNa, cArudatarAjA bahAdata zivabhUti bAhA tathA rAvaNa kA dRSTAnta diyA gayA hai|' udAharaNa alaMkAra - nItiparaka carcAoM meM kavi dvArA udAharaNa alaMkAra kA prayoga huA hai| yaha prayoga paramparAgata hote hue bhI yatra - taba navInatA ke sAtha abhivyakta huA hai| kAcalI, bhuMjaga, Aka, javAsA Adi paramparAgata udAharaNa haiM aura bUr3hA baila, dUba, khala, bhaiMsa Adi ke udAharaNa hindI sAhitya meM sarvathA navIna haiN| ina udAharaNoM dvArA kavi kA mUloddezya dhArmika bhAvanAoM kI abhivyakti karanA hai, na ki rItikAlIna kalA kA pradarzana krnaa| . bhaktikAlIna nirguNa aura saguNa bhakta kaviyoM kI taraha bhUdharadAsa meM bhI alaMkAroM ke prati Agraha kI bAta nahIM dikhatI hai unhoMne apanI naitika, dhArmika janopayogI Adi carcAoM meM sahaja rUpa se alaMkAroM kA prayoga kiyA hai / ina prayogoM meM kavi ne prastuta se aprastuta evaM bAhya se aMtas ko jor3A hai| pUrva pracalita hindI jaina kaviyoM kI paramparA meM bhI kavi dvArA alaMkAroM kA paryApta prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 1. padamarUpa,sulocanA, gaMgAdevI, cArudatta, dharaNendra, padmAvatI, sItA, campApura kA gvAlA, seTha sudarzana, aMjana cora, jIvaka seTha Adi naukAra mahAtama kI DhAla prakIrNa bhUdharadAsa pada 50 2. jainazataka chanda 61 3. dharma bhAra jaba tana thakai taba dhari sake na koy| thavira baila, so kahA bane jo bokhara bhArI hoya / / jo khala kuvacana nahIM kahai tadapi baira jiya saMga / tajai kadAcit kAMcalI, viSa nahIM vamata bhujaMga / / jeTha mAsa meM hota hai dirakha baila murajhAca / apata AMka phUle tahAM dekho nIca sujhAva // suni ruci nahiM baiThe rUTha sujhAva kI cAla / khAMDa khvAboM bhaiMsa kU khala khAye khusiyAla / / prakIrNa dohe guTakA naM. 6766 bIkAnera

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316 mahAkavi bhUdhAdAsa: pratIka yojanA pratyeka bhAvuka kavi tIvra rasAnubhUti ke lie pratIka yojanA kA Azraya letA hai| pratIka yojanA bhASA ko bhAvapravaNa banAne ke sAtha-sAtha bhAvoM kI yathArtha abhivyaMjanA bhI karatI hai / pratIka ke bAre meM zrI nemicanda jaina jyotiSAcArya likhate haiM ki.- "varNya viSaya ke guNa yA bhAva sAmya rakhane vAle bAhya cihnoM ko pratIka kahate haiM / mAnava hRdaya ke guhyatama antarbhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke liyA prAkRtika padIkoM ko mAdhyA banAyA jAtA hai| ye pratIka amUrta bhAvanAoM kI pratIti karAne meM sahAyaka siddha hote haiN| mAnava hRdaya ke amUrta bhAvoM kama sAkSAtkAra indriyoM ke dvArA nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / ve amUrta bhAvanAe~ pratIka yojanA ke Azraya se hRdaya para sarvAdhika gambhIra prabhAva DAlatI hai|" pratIka yojanA amUrta ko mUrta rUpa dekara atyanta sUkSma bhAvanAoM kA sAkSAtkAra karAne meM samartha hotI hai / vividha saMskRtiyoM ke anusAra kAvya meM rasodreka ke lie sAhityakAra bhinna bhinna pratIkoM kA prayoga karate haiN| sabhyatA, ziSTAcAra, AcAra, vyavahAra tathA Atmadarzana ke anurUpa pratyeka sAhityakAra apanI kAvya kalA meM pratIkoM kI udbhAvanA karatA hai / hindI jaina sAhitya meM upamAna ke rUpa meM pratIkoM kA prayoga adhika huA hai| vidvAnoM ne pratIkoM ke do bheda kiye haiM - __ 1. bhAvotpAdaka 2. vicArotpAdaka / hindI jaina sAhitya meM ina donoM bhedoM ke zuddha udAharaNa nahIM milate haiN| suvidhA ke lie jaina sAhitya meM prayukta pratIkoM ko cAra bhedoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai - 1. guNa va sukhabodhaka pratIka 2. vikAra evaM duHkha bodhaka pratIka 3. zarIra- bodhaka pratIka 4. Atmabodhaka pratIka hindI ke jaina kaviyoM dvArA prayukta pratIkoM kA vargIkaraNa karate hue DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI bhI prakArAntara se isIprakAra ke vargIkaraNa ko sthira karate haiN|' 1. hindI jaina sAhitya parIzIlana bhAga 2 - nemicandra jaina pRSTha 193 2. hindI jaina sAhitya parIzIlana bhAga 2 - nemicandra jaina zAstrI pRSTha 193

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 317 bhAva, svarUpa tathA sAmagrI ke AdhAra para samagna bhUdharasAhitya meM vyavahata pratIkoM ko hama nimnalikhita cAra bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara sakate haiM - 1. sukha bodhaka 2. duHkha bodhaka 3. zarIra bodhaka 4. Atmabodhaka - pratIka inakA vistRta vivecana nimnAMkita hai - 1. sukhabodhaka pratIka :- yadyapi sukha AtmA kA hI svabhAva hai tathApi laukika prANI indriyagata viSayoM (vastuoM) evaM indriyajanya saphala santuSTiyoM meM sukha kI anubhUti kara letA hai| kavi bhUdharadAsa ne apane samagra sAhitya meM madhu, puSpa, kisalaya, motI, USA, amRta, dIpa, prabhAta, prakAza, haMsa', darpaNa', candana ', Ama', kamala', tAmbUlI, zaMkha', sAthiyA~ " , sAvana', papIhA 10, navanidhiyoM ", aMjanavaTI ", salAka ", Adi ko sukha ke pratIka ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| sAtha hI bAla tIrthakara pArzvanAtha kI mAtA ko tIrthakara ke janma ke pUrva dikhane vAle solaha svapna ke rUpa meM airAvata hAthI, vRSabha, siMha, kamalA, puSpamAlA, zazi, sUrya, mIna, kumbha, sarovara, samudra, siMhAsana, devavimAna, nAgarAja, ratnarAzi, evaM agnizikhA ko bhI zubhasUcaka mAnate hue sukha kA pratIka svIkAra kiyA hai| 2. duHkhabodhaka pratIka :- samasta pratikUlatAe~ evaM indriyagata asaMtuSTiyA~ duHkha kA kAraNa huA karatI hai / vAstava meM to duHkha kA kAraNa jIva kA ajJAna yA moha-rAga-dveSa hai; jisake kAraNa hI saMsAra duHkharUpa ho jAtA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne saMsAra ko dukha kA kAraNa mAnakara jaladhi evaM unake paryAyavAcI zabda, saravara, svapna ", jhIlara', zataraMja 19, Adi ko saMsAra kA pratIka evaM sArasa, baTohI 21, paMchI 22 ko saMsArIjana kA pratIka batAyA hai| 1. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 4 4. vahI pRSTha 8 7. vahIM pRSTha 48 10. bhUdharavilAsa 18 13. jainazataka chanda 90 15. pAzapurANa pRSTha 1 tathA 62, 17. bhUdharabilAsa pada 32 19. jainazataka chanda 32 21, jainazataka chanda 68 2. vahI pRSTha 7 3. vahI pRSTha 7 5. vahI pRsstth| 6. vahI pRSTha 47 8. vahI pRSTha 13 9. pUdharavilAsa 18 11. pArdapurANa pRSTha 15 12.jainazataka chanda 36 14. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 45 - 46 16. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 21 18. bhUdharavilAsa pada 33 20. pArzvayurANa pRSTha 21 22. pAzavapurANa pRSTha 21

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318 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : viSadhara' evaM unake paryAyavAcI zabda , indrAyana', Aka* ,javAsa', joka , kAlakUTa', bhaisa Adi ko durjana kA pratIka mAnA hai| moha yA mithyAtva kA pratIka mAnirA. zyAmaraMga , rAta", kAra ke tathA rAga kA pratIka cora ", nAga , uraga", ko svIkAra kiyA hai| isake atirikta - mAyA - ThaginI 19, nAginI ", kumati - kAgalI, daNTa - kAlA~sa', pApa - dhatUrA, kAla - majAra 24, kAka", vRddhatA - seta, dhore (zveta bAla), vipannatA - pattajhara 4 jeThamAsa, kAmI - pataMga" kapaTI - sA~pa " asthiratA - patAsA, babUlAko pratIka mAnA gayA hai| ye samasta pratIka duHkha kI pratIti karAne vAle hone se duHkhabodhaka hI samajhanA caahie| 3. zarIrabodhaka pratIka :- sukha-duHkha kI taraha zarIra kA bodha karAne vAle aneka pratIkAtmaka zabdoM kna vyavahAra bhI bhUdharadAsa ne apane sAhitya meM kiyA hai| kavi ne zarIra ke lie jina vibhinna pratIkoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, ve pratIka haiM - 1. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 4 2. prakIrNa pada 3. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 8 4. prakIrNa pada guTakA saMkhyA 6766 rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna zAkhA bIkAnera 5. se 8 taka vahI guTakA 6766 9. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 86 10. jenazataka chanda 31 11, jainazataka chanda 68 12. bhUdharavilAsa pada 13 evaM pArzvapurANa pRSTha ! 13. jainazataka chanda 68 14. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 1 15. prakIrNa pada 16, bhUdharavilAsa pada 8 17. prakIrNa pada guTakA saMkhyA 6766 18. pUdharavilAsa pada 33 19, pArzvapurANa pRSTha 6 20. paMdharavilAsa pada 4 21. bhUdharavilAsa pada 5 22. bhUdharavilAsa pada 10 23. jainazataka chanda 29 24. jainazataka chanda 29 25. prakIrNa pada guTakA saMkhyA 6766 26. bhUdharavilAsa pada 32 27. prakIrNa pada guTakA saMkhyA 6766 28. bhUdharavilAsa pada 9 29. bhUSaravilAsa pada 19

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 7 carakhA, piMjarA, kopala, sAlAba, gara', kAntAra" aadi| isake atirikta kavi dvArA jinendra deva kI pratimA evaM tIrthaMkara kI saMjJA kA bodha karAne ke lie vividha cihnoM kA vyavahAra bhI kiyA gyaa| 8 4. Atmabodhaka pratIka :- nirAkAra ko AkAra dene ke lie bhUdharadAsa ne Atmabodhaka zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, jo nimnAMkita hai - AtmA haMsa, mana sUvA - 10 + mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa kI pratIka yojanA ke sAdhaka upamA, rUpaka atizyokti, sAropA, sAdhyAvasAnA lakSaNA rahe haiN| anya hindI jaina kaviyoM kI paramparA kI bhA~ti bhUdharadAsa ne bhI pratIkoM kA prayoga adhikatara rUpaka alaMkAra ke rUpa meM kiyA hai; parantu kahIM kahIM pratIkoM kA prayoga apane sahaja rUpa meM milatA hai / kavi ke pratIka jaina paramparAnumodita to hai hI, sAtha hI loka jIvana se bhI liye gaye haiN| ThaginI, nAgini, haMsa, carakhA jaise pratIkoM ke prayogoM meM nirguniye santoM kI chApa spaSTataH dikhAI detI haiN| kavi kI pratIka yojanA meM svAbhAvika bodhagamyatA dikhAI detI hai| bodhagamya pratIkoM ke kAraNa bhAvoM evaM sUkSma manovRttiyoM ke udbodhana meM kavi ko pUrNa saphalatA milI hai| isI prakAra aprastuta bhAvoM kI abhivyakti ke lie prayukta pratIkoM dvArA rasodbodhana evaM bhAvodbodhana meM bhI saphalatA dRSTigata hotI hai / isa prakAra bhUdharasAhitya meM jaina paramparAnumodita sukhabodhaka, duHkhabodhaka, zarIrabodhaka aura Atmabodhaka pratIkoM kA prAyaH rUpaka alaMkAra kI bhA~ti prayoga kiyA gayA hai| 1. hindI pada saMgraha saM. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 2. bhUdharavilAsa pada 27 4. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 48 6. bhUdharavilAsa pada 21 8. jainazataka chanda 81 11. mere mana sUbA jina pada pIMjare basi / bhUdharavilAsa pada saMkhyA 5 319 3. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 28 5. prakIrNa pada guTakA saMkhyA 6766 7. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 26 9. doya pakSa jinamata viSai, naya nizcaya vyavahAra | tina bina lahai na haMsa yaha, ziva saravara kI sAra // jainazataka dohA 100

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320 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : (Da) bhUdharasAhitya meM muhAvare aura kahAvateM . mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa ne apane bhAvoM evaM anubhUtiyoM kI vizeSa prabhAvapUrNa abhivyakti ke lie apanI bhASA meM muhAvare evaM kahAvatoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / muhAvare ' aura kahAvatoM kI apanI apanI vibhinna vizeSatAe~ haiN| ina vizeSatAoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa bhUdharasAhitya anUThA bana par3A hai| bhUdharadAsa ne muhAvaroM evaM lokoktiyoM dvArA bar3I se bar3I bAta ko ati prabhAvazIla DhaMga se sUkSma pariveza meM vyakta karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne apane sAhitya meM jina muhAvaroM evaM kahAvatoM kA prayoga kiyA hai, unakA vivecana akArAdi krama se nimnAMkita hai - (pahale mUla muhAvarA phira usakA kAvya meM prayukta rUpa aura anta meM kRti kA ullekha hai) . kAvya meM krama mUla rUpa 1. AMko Aba ugAnA 2. AI gaI kara jAnA 3. Aga lagane para kuoM khodanA 4. A~khoM meM dhUla jhoMkanA prayukta rUpa kRti kA nAma AMko Aba unhoMve jainazataka chanda 17 gaI kari jAu nivAha na vai hai jainazataka chanda 19 Aga lAgai jaba jhauMparI jalana laagii| jaina zataka chanda 26 aMkhiyAna meM jhokata hai raja jainazataka chanda 64 pUjau Asa mana kI jainazataka chanda 91 Idhana sau Agi na dhApa pArzvapurANa pRSTha 60 5. Asa pUjanA 6. Idhana so Aga dhApanA 1. acchI hindI - rAmacandra varmA pRSTha 198, sAhitya ratnamAlA kAryAlaya banArasa 2. rAjasthAnI kahAvateM : eka adhyayana- DaoN. kanhaiyAlAla sahala pRSTha 20 3. hindI sAhitya koza bhAga 1 pro. dhIrendra varmA pRSTha 954 dvitIya saMskaraNa zAnamaNDala bArANasI

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 321 7. upAya bananA 8 ura meM Asa laganA 9. eka sAla meM do bAra 10 ausara par3ane para __kamAna TUTanA 11. aMdhakAra dIkhanA 12. aMjulI bhara pAnI 13. aMjulI sIsa dharanA 14, kapha kaMTha meM aDanA kaMTha aDai taba kachu banai upAya pArzvapurANa pRSTha 29 duHkhI dekha lAgai ura sAra hai jainazataka chanda 88 do sAle eka myAna bhUdharavilAsa pada 16 auMsara ko pAikai kamAna TUTa jAya prakIrNa pada guTakA 6765 dIsai jagata aMdhArau bhUdharavilAsa 13. Aja rahyau aMjalI bhara pAnI , prakIrNa soraThA maiM aMjarI nija sIsa dharI hai| jainazataka 14 jabalau kapha nahiM bhUdharavilAsa pada 16 khovata karorana kI eka eka ghar3I hai| jainazataka chanda 23 nizadina DhU~Dha kAka bhUdharavilAsa pada 10 tau saba kAja sarai jainazataka jiyarA jI chanda 32, prakIrNa kAnI koDI kAja ___ jainazataka chanda 22 mAnai kAna rAmA jainazataka chanda 26 dAsa ko khalAsa kIjai bhavapAsa tai jainazataka chanda 7 jar3a khakhAre ko kIr3A bhUdharavilAsa pada 41 sAraMga samAja khAja kabadhauM khujai hai| jainazataka chanda 17 15. karor3o kI ghar3I khonA 16. kAka DhU~DhanA 17. kAja saranA 18. kAnI kaur3I ke lie 19, kAna mAnanA 20. khalAsa karanA 21. khakhAra kA kIr3A 22. khAja khujAnA

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322 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 23. khATa pakar3anA raMka bhayo parayaMka laI hai / jainazataka chanda 38 24. kheta tajanA kheta tajai so apayaza leya pArzvapurANa pRSTha 61 25. khela khela ke ara saba khela khela khAma ke khAma bhUdharavilAsa pada 24 26. garaja saranA terI garaja kyA sariyAM re bhUdharavilAsa pada 27 27. gAya vaccha kI rIti rAkhe gAya vaccha kI rIti pArzvapurANa pRSTha 35 28. goThi kA khonA jJAna khoyo gAMThi ko bhUdharavilAsa pada / 29. goda kA chor3akara so gaMvAra taji goda ko peTa kI Asa karanA kare peTa kI Asa prakIrNa sAhitya 1 30. ghaTA ghoranA ghora ghana ghaureM ghaTA jainazataka chanda 13 31. varana cApanA koI cApai caraNa karo pArzvapurANa pRSTha 47 32. cArA calanA kahAM cale mero cAro bhUdharavilAsa pada 13 33. cAra dina kI cAMdanI ye sukha hai dina doya ___ phira aMdherI rAta phira dukha kI saMtAna bhUdharavilAsa pada 32 34. cIla aMDA chor3anA cIla aMDA chaure jainazataka chanda 13 35. chAhaM lauranA pazu paMchI chAMha lore jainazataka chanda 13 36. jagala ma vAsa lanA jagala kAnA vAsA bhUdharavilAsa pada, 37. jahara kA pyAlA pInA pIva na jahara piyAlA prakIrNa sAhitya 38. jalAMjali denA bhavadukhavAsa jalA- pArzvapurANa jali dehi pRSTha 42, 90 39 juhAra karanA jarA nai juhAra kInI jainazataka chanda 39 40 jo sovai so khovai sovai jo aceta soI khovai jainazataka chanda 68

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eka samAlocanAtpaka adhyayana 41. dUka DhAka honA 42. tagA hita 43. taTa hI taTa para DolanA 44. tana tor3anA 45, tamAsagIra rahanA 46. tinake tor3anA 47. tIsarA pana AnA 48, thothI bAteM 49. damAmA denA 50. dRga bharanA phiI Agai dUla, hAla hai bainAtaka ladI torana tanaka tagA hita - bhUdhara muktAphala kI lariyA prakIrNa sAhitya taTa hI taTa para Dolata soya pArzvapurANa 72 tana ko na more jainazataka 13 yAhI te sayAne tU tamAsagIra raha jainazataka 17 torata neha jathA tinako jainazataka 54 aba AyA pana tIjA jainazataka 41 aura saba thothI bAteM . bhUdharavilAsa 35 deya na damAmA jolau jainazataka chanda 26 phala cAkhana kI bAra bhare dRga bhUdharavilAsa pada 4 dAMta lie tana rahai hai jainazataka 55. 66 dAsa bhUdhara bhanai sudina dekhe bane prakIrNa sAhitya ajJAnI pApa dhatUrA na boya bhUdharavilAsa 4 paratiya lakhi je dharatI nirakhe jainazataka 58 rUpAmRta pIvata nahiM dhApai jainazataka 10 tinheM paga dhoka trikAla hamArI jainazataka pada 11, 12 naTa kA kuTumba jaisA bhUdharavilAsa pada 15 samajha dekhi nAyaka ke jIte jaihe bhAgi sahaja saba lasakari bhUdhara vilAsa pada 41 51. dAMtoM meM tinakA dabAmA 52 dekheM bananA 53, dhatUrA bonA 54. dharatI dekhanA 55. dhApanA 56. paga dhoka 57. naTa kA kuTumba 58. nAyaka ke jItane para laskara kA bhAganA

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324 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 59. nAca nacAnA bahuvidhi nAca nacAvai prakIrNa sAhitya 6). neha toDanA deha neha torai jainazataka chanda 13 61. paMchI bATa laganA paMchI lAgai bAMTa pArzvapurANa pRSTha 21 62. pada DhokanA tuma pada Dhokata sIsa jharI raja bhUgharavilAsa pada 12 63 . patthara kI nAva caDhi patthara kI nAva pai para car3hakara koI suniye nAhiM tare pAra honA bhUdharavilAsa pada 25 64, paga jhAralA kAMge para paga jhArate jainazataka chanda * 65. pAnI kA bulabulA pAnI mAhiM patAsA bhUdharavilAsa pada 9 66. pAyana laganA yoM kaha pAyana lAgoM pArzvapurANa pRSTha 7 67. pAMva par3anA hAtha jori hama pAMva parai hai| pArzvapurANa pRSTha 32 68. paiDe, ( paiDA) karanA priya ke (paiDe) pair3oM kInau bhUdharavilAsa 13 69. paira meM kulhAr3I mAranA kara kulhAr3I leya ke mati mAre paga jAni bhUdharavilAsa pada 32 70 .baMdha pAranA Agai ko na bandha pAreM bhUdharavilAsa pada 29 71. bani AnA dekhe bani Avai hoM bhUdharavilAsa pada 3 72 , bar3I bAMha karanA kidhauM bAha ye dIradha kInI jainazataka chanda 2 73 . balA laganA / bAya lagI ki balAya lagI jainazataka 31 74. bAra lAnA yAra lAya na bAra re bhUdharavilAsa pada 5 75. bAri babUlA tana dhana vAri babUlA bhUdharavilAsa pada 19 76. bAna par3anA - nainani ko bAni parI darasana kI bhUdharavilAsa pada 48

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 77. bATa ke baTohI 78. bAMha sauMpanA 79. bAMkI bhau 80. viSa bonA 81. buddhi haranA 82. bhoMdU honA 83. mati haranA 84. mana mAnA 85. mAthe karanA 86 mArga laganA 87. muMha chipAnA 88. muTThI kI dhUla 89. mukha meM kAlikha potanA 90. rAga raMga honA 91. rAtri kA supanA 92. royA roI par3anA lauM laganA 93. 94. vidA honA 95. supane kA tamAsA baTa ke baTohI kAka Ane vara mAhi nija suta soMpi rAya kI bAhi jinakI tanaka dekhi bhau bAMkI tU viSa bovana lAgata kina buddhi harI hai phiri kyoM bhoMdU hoya. terI mata kone harI hai mana bhAI re so kubera nija mAthe karI ina mAraga mati lAgo re vRddha vadana durAva hai saba mata jhUThI dhUla kI sAdhana jhAra daI mukha chAra kAhu raMga raMga yaha saMsAra raina kA supanA royA roI karI hai / lagI lauM nAbhinandana soM jovana ne vidA lInI jAre tamAsA supane kA sA prakIrNa sAhitya 325 pArzvapurANa pRSTha 5 pArzvapurANa pRSTha 31 bhUdharavilAsa pada 4 jainazataka chanda 20 bhUdharavilAsa pada 4 jainazataka chanda 21 jainazataka chanda 47 pArzvapurANa pRSTha 43 pArzvapurANa pRSTha 82 jainazataka chanda 41 jainazataka 92 jainazataka chanda 65 jainazataka chanda 61 bhUdharavilAsa pada 19, 32 jainazataka chanda 21 bhUdharavilAsa pada 1 jainazataka 39 bhUdharavilAsa pada 9

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+ mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : . 96. sira para dhUla DAlanA .. 97. sira ghisana . . - - 98. saphedI AnA 99. sira dulanA 100, salAha pAranA 101. saberA socate hI __saMdhyA honA . 102. sArasa saravara chor3anA 103. sira dhUla denA 104, sUraja ke Age dIpaka dikhAnA 105. sUse kI aMdherI karanA dhUla DAla nija sIsa lie pArzvapurANa pRSTha 65 gari pahilo praNAma kareM hai| jainazataka chanda 1 Aye seta bhaiyA jainazataka chanda 28 tAtai nija sIsa DoleM jainazataka chanda 41 pAranI salAha hai jainazataka chanda 45 sAMjha hona AI hai vicArata sabera hI jainazataka chanda 71 sArasa saravara taji gaye pArzvapurANa pRSTha 1 do duramati sira dhUlA re bhUdharavilAsa pada 19 ravi durti ANu pArzvapurANa dIpaka loya pRSTha 43, 62 A~khina viloka aMdha sUse ko aMdherI kre| jainazataka chanda 39 UbarI iteka Ayu sera mAhi pUnI sI jainazataka chanda 35 jainazataka chanda 21 hou harI taba hI aba bheMTo bhUdharavilAsa pada 14 harihara brahmA tuma hI bhaye pArzvapurANa pRSTha 59 yoM hAra nija hathiyAra DAre pArzvapurANa pRSTha 1 kara bahe haiN| jainazataka chanda 55 106. sera meM pUnI jAya 107. sote rahanA 108. harI honA -- - 109, harihara brahmA honA 110. hathiyAra DAlanA 111.hAtha par3anA

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 327 112 hAya hAya par3anA hAya hAya parI hai jainazataka chanda 21 113. hAtha aMjulI karanA hama hAtha aMjulI kare jainazataka chanda 13 muhAvaroM kI bhAMti lekhaka ne apane kAvya meM kahAvatoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA haiN| bhUdharasAhitya meM vyavahata kahAvateM nimnalikhita haiM : / aba apanoM dAma khoToM to sarrApha ko kahA doSa / khoTo dAma Apanau sarAphai kahA lAgai vIra // jainazataka 7 2 jyoM-jyoM bhIjai kAmarI tyoM-tyoM bhArI hoy| bhUdhara pala-pala ho hai bhArI jyoM jyoM kamarI bhojai re // jainazataka11 . ibane se do aMguSTa banI na pAra ho jAtI hai! , do aMgula bUr3hata bace nAva kA paMhucai pAra // prakIrNa sAhitya 4 bItI tAhiM visAri dehu Age kI sudhi lehu|| ___ gaI so gaI aba rAkhi rahI ko // jainazataka chanda 29 5 dhoyA per3a babUla kA Ama kahA se khaay|| Ama cAkhana cahe bhoMdU boya per3a babUla // bhUyaravilAsa pada 28 6 viSa kA kIr3A viSa hI meM rAjI rahatI hai| viSako soM kIrA nita viSa hI meM ramyau vIrA / / prakIrNa pada 7 mazAlacI apane ko nahIM dekhatA hai| jyoM mazAlacI Apa na dekhe ||bhuudhrvilaas pada 36 4 sApoM ke saMga se caMdana para bhI kulhAr3A calatA hai| sAMpana se saMga soM kaTe caMdana adhika sugaMdha / / prakIrNa dohA 9 sAMpa TeDI cAla nahIM chor3atA hai| vakra cAla viSadhara nahIM tjai|| pArzvapurANa pRSTha 4 10 sira dene se sUra kahalAtA hai| sUra kahAvai o sira deya / / pAvapurANa pRSTha 61

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328 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : isa prakAra bhUdharasAhitya meM vibhinna muhAvaroM evaM kahAvatoM kA prayoga huA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne ina kahAvatoM evaM muhAvaroM kA prayoga binA kisI prayAsa ke svAbhAvika rUpa se kiyA hai| unakI abhivyakti kI saralatA meM jo kahAvata yA muhAvarA sarvathA upayukta ThaharatA hai, usakA unhoMne upayoga kiyA haiN| ina muhAvaroM kA prayoga bhAvAbhivyakti kI sampannatA evaM alaMkaraNa saundarya ke lie hI huA hai| isase artha vyaMjanA ke sAtha-sAtha bhASA para unake asAdhAraNa adhikAra kA paricaya milatA hai| unake muhAvarA meM subodhatA evaM akRtrimatA sarvatra virAjatI hai / vAstava meM muhAvare evaM kahAvatoM ke samyak prayoga se bhASA meM prabhAvazIlatA paidA huI hai tathA bhAvasaundarya meM abhivRddhi huI hai| bhUdharadAsa kI gadya zailI bhUdharadAsa kA ekamAtra gadyagrantha 'carcA samAdhAna' hai| isakI pratipAdana zailI uddharaNayukta praznottara zailI hai| isameM unhoMne jainadharma, darzana se sambandhita aneka prazna evaM uttara carcA aura samAdhAna ke rUpa meM prastuta kie haiN| viSaya paramparAgata hone para bhI usake prastutIkaraNa meM maulikatA hai / isake lie unhoMne sarala dRSTAntamayI uddharaNayukta praznottara zailI ko apanAyA hai| unake gadya kA udAharaNa dekhiye - __ "iha caracA samAdhAna graMthavi keteka saMdeha sAdhamIjanoM ke lie Ae, zAstrAnusAra tinakA samAdhAna huA hai to likhA hai| aba jo bahuzruta sajjana guNagrAhI haiM; tinasUM merI vinatI hai isa grantha ko par3have kI apekSA kIjo, AdyopAMta avalokana kriyo| jo caracA tumhAre vicAra ko saddahai so pramANa karasau, jo vicAra meM na saddahaiM tahAM madhyastha rahanA aura jaina kI caracA apAra hai kAla doSa soM tathA matizruta kI ghaTatI soM tiviauM saMdeha bahuta par3e, tisateM tinakA kaise tAMI koI nirNaya kregaa| viSaya ko spaSTa karane ke lie svayaM hI aneka zaMkAe~ uThAkara samAdhAna karanA - unakI zailI kI vizeSatA hai| apane samAdhAna ko prAmANika evaM Agamasammata siddha karane ke lie ve aneka granthoM kI sAkSI dete haiM, vividha AgamoM ke uddharaNa dete haiM, adhikAdhika pramANa prastuta karate haiN| udAharaNArtha - "caracA 60 munirAja zAstrAdi upakaraNa rAkheM ki nahIM ?

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 329 samAdhAna - vasunaMdI siddhAMta cakravartI kRta mUlAdhAra, vIranaMdI siddhAMtIkRta AcArasAra, cAmuMDarAya kRta cAritrasAra zivakoTi munIzvara kRta bhagavatI arAdhanA, laghucaritrasAra, kuMdakuMdAcArya kRta pravacanasAra, rayaNasAra, niyamasAra, bhAvapAhuDa tathA vItarAgasamayasAra, devasenakRta bhAvasaMgraha tathA vAmadevakRta bhAvasaMgraha , padyanaMdipaccIsI, jJAnArNava, darzanasAra, kriyAsAra, tattvArthasAra, paramAtmaprakAza, yogasAra, sUtrakI TIkA sarvArthasiddhi. zrutasAgarI tatvArthavRtti, sakalakIrtikRta dharmapraznottara zrAvakAcAra gyArahasauM chayAsaTha prazna saMyukta hai, tattvArthasAra TIkA, AtmAnuzAsana, AzAdhara kRta yatyAcAra , AdipurANa, padmapurANa, yazastilaka kAvya campUnAmA, karmakAMDa kI TIkA, paMcaparameSThI kI TIkA, yazonaMdIkRta pUjA pATha, pAnaMdikRta ratnatrayapATha, svAmikArtikayAnuprekSA, TIma dvAdazAnuprekSA, tathA svAmikArtikeya kathA, samaMtabhadrakathA, bhadrabAhukathA, zreNikacaritra abhavyasena kA prasaMga, kuMdakuMdAcArya ke paMcanAma hetu kathA, sUtra ke pATha kI phala stuti, rAjamallakRta zrAvakAcAra, DholasAgara kathA, vRhat pratikramaNa, samAdhitaMtra TIkA, vacanakoSa bhASA, sAdhuvaMdanA ityAdi prAkRta saMskRta bhASA rUpa aneka jaina graMthanivi kahyA so pramANa hai / ihA koI pUche - kundakundAcArya ne SaTpAhuDa virSe muni ke tila tuSa mAtra parigraha kA niSedha kiyA hai, zAstrAdi upakaraNa grahaNa kyoM kara saMbhavai ? tathAhi gAthA ....... I 'tisakA uttr.....|" gadya zailI meM bhUdharadAsa ke vyaktitva kI spaSTa chApa hai / ve apane adamya sAhasa, vizvAsa evaM prakhara pANDitya ke sAtha pratyeka zaMkA kA samAdhAna karate haiN| unheM kisI prakAra kA Agraha bhI dikhAI nahIM detA isalie ve balAt apanI bAta ko thopate nahIM haiM, apitu apanI bAta rakhakara zaMkAkAra ko ucita dizA meM socane ke lie prerita karate haiM tathA use svayaM Agama ke pariprekSya meM sahI uttara ko prApta karane ke lie utsAhita karate haiN| ve apanI bAta ko mAnane ke lie zaMkAkAra ko bAdhya na karake niSpakSa nirNaya lene kA avasara pradAna karate yadyapi zaMkAkAra bhI ve svayaM hai aura samAdhAnakartA bhI svayaM / parantu samAdhAnakartA sarvatra uttama puruSa meM vidyamAna hai| jabaki zaMkAkAra - ihAM prazna, iMhA koI kaheM, ihAM koI pUche - Adi ke rUpa meM anya puruSa meM hai| zaMkAkAra vinayazIla hai, para hai mukhara, jabaki samAdhAna kartA sarvatra dabaMga evaM aneka zAstravettA hai| zaMkAkAra bhI kama paMDita nahIM hai| vaha buddhimAna, jijJAsu evaM bahuzAstravid hai / mAtra usameM eka kamajorI hai ki vaha yathAprasaMga zAstroM ke sahI

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330 mahAkavi pUdharadAsa : artha nahIM samajha pAtA hai| bhUdharadAsa kI zailI kI yaha vizeSatA hai, unhoMne adhikAMza ArSavAkya zaMkAkAra ke mukha meM rakhe haiM aura samAdhAnakA ke dhAra aneka Agama pramANa dilAkara unakA samAdhAna karAyA hai| bhUdharadAsa ne jisa samaya 'carcA samAdhAna' gadya grantha likhA, usa samaya brajabhASA kA gadya apanI prArambhika avasthA meM thA 1 yadyapi chuTapuTa rUpa meM bhUdharadAsa se kucha samaya pUrva ke piMgala gadya ke rUpa mila jAte haiM, parantu usase yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki usa samaya gadya vicAroM ke vahana kA mukhya sAdhana bana cukA thaa| hindI sAhitya ke itihAsakAroM ne gadya kI samasta vidhAoM se yukta prAcIna se prAcIna gadya san 1800 I. ke bAda kA hI honA ullekhita kiyA hai; jaba ki bhUdharadAsa bhI 18vIM zatI ke hI gadyakAra haiM / tatkAlIna gadya kI tulanA meM bhUgharadAsa kA gadya kahIM adhika paramArjita, sazakta, pravAhapUrNa evaM suvyavasthita hai|' carcA samAdhAna meM prayukta bhASA bhI tatkAlIna pracalita brajabhASA hai; parantu usameM tatsama zabdoM kI bahulatA hai; kyoMki 'carcAsamAdhAna' saMskRta, prAkRta bhASA meM likhita prAcIna dhArmika granthoM para AdhArita zAstrIya grantha hai| ata: usameM saMskRta, prAkRta aura unakI paramparA meM vikasita zabda adhika haiM tathA dezI zabda apekSAkRta kama haiN| tatsama zabdoM kI adhikatA kA eka kAraNa mUlagranthoM kA saMskRta, prAkRta bhASA meM honA bhI hai| lekhaka gadya meM apanI abhivyakti ko sugama banAne ke lie tatsama zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai tathA padya meM tadbhava zabdoM kA / padya meM tadbhava zabdoM kI adhikatA kA kAraNa brajabhASA meM tadbhava aura dezI zabdoM ke prayoga ke vidhAna kA anivArya honA hai| isIlie bhUdharadAsa padya meM paramparA se ba~dhe the, jabaki brajabhASA meM gadya kA abhAva thA, isalie gadya meM unheM tatsama zabdoM ke prayoga meM kisI prakAra kI rUkAvaTa nahIM thii| niSkarSa rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki unakI gadya zailI praznottara zailI hai, jisameM dRSTAntoM evaM uddharaNoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| unakI gadya zailI meM unake vyaktitva kI jhalaka hai, jisase vaha kahIM zAstroM meM ati AsthAzIla va vinayavAna evaM AgamoM ke anusaraNakartA, to kahIM kahIM upadezaka ke rUpa meM najara Ate haiN| unakI zailI meM zAstrIya cintana, AgamoM ke pramANa evaM loka vyavahAra ke jJAna kA sundara samanvaya hai / 1. hindI sAhitya - DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 364-365

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saptama adhyAya saptapa adhyAya - bhUdharadAsa dvArA pratipAdita dArzanika, dhArmika evaM naitika vicAra (ka) dArzanika vicAra (kha) dhArmika vicAra (ga) naitika vicAra

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- - - eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 331 bhUdharadAsa dvArA pratipAdita dArzanika, dhArmika evaM naitika vicAra (ka) dArzanika vicAra isa vizva ko apanI-apanI dRSTi se dekhane ke kAraNa aneka darzanoM kA prAdurbhAva huaa| jisake dvArA dekhA jAye vaha darzana hai / dRza dhAtR meM lyuTa pratyaya ke yoga se "darzana" zabda niSpanna huA hai| darzana kA artha hai "dekhanA" / dekhanA do prakAra hai-svayaM ko dekhanA tathA para ko dekhanA / prathama Atmadarzana hai tathA dvitIya paradarzana / isa sva va para ke yathArtha darzana ko samyagdarzana tathA ayathArtha darzana ko midhyAdarzana kahate hai / darzana vicAramUlaka hotA hai / ata: hetupUrvaka vastusvarUpa kI siddhi karate hue yathArtha kA digdarzana karAnA darzana kA kAma hai| dArzanika vicAroM ke antargata una sabhI siddhAntoM kA parijJAna apekSita hai, jinakA mokSamArga meM mahattva hai athavA jinake yathArtha jJAna binA tattvArthazraddhAnarUpa samyagdarzana nahIM hotA hai / isa dRSTi se prAya: pratyeka darzana ne Izvara, jagata, mokSa Adi ke bAre meM vicAra kiyA hai tathA apanI dRSTi se una sabakA vivecana kiyA hai| jaina darzana meM tIrthakara sarvajJa jinendroM kI divyadhvani meM Aye hue sabhI vicAroM kA rahasyodghATana gaNadharoM, AcAryoM tathA isI paramparA meM Aye vidvAnoM dvArA maukhika tathA tatpazcAt likhita rUpa meM kiyA gayA / samagra jaina dArzanika vicAra prathama zrutaskandha tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha ke rUpa meM vizruta hue| prathama zrutaskandha ko Agama yA sidvAnta tathA dvitIya zrutaskandha ko paramAgama yA adhyAtma kahA jAtA hai| ____ Agama meM mukhyata: AtmA kA karmoM tathA dravyoM se hone vAle vividha saMbaMdhoM kA paryAyadRSTi paraka saMyogI kathana hai tathA paramAgama meM mukhyarUpa se zuddhAtmasvarUpa yA zuddha dravyarUpa vastu kA vivecana hai| ina donoM paramparAoM meM jainadarzana ne sarvatra apanI anekAnta dRSTi dvArA vivecana kiyA hai jaba ki anya darzanoM ne anekAnta kA Azraya chor3akara ekAnta dRSTi se kathana kiyA hai / Alocya kavi bhUdharadAsa ne bhI jIva, jagata, karma, mokSa Adi ke vivecana meM pUrvaparamparA kA nirvAha karate hue anekAnta dRSTi ko hI surakSita rakhA hai| ' unake dvArA pradarzita dArzanika vicAra nimnalikhita hai:1. kareM tattvavarNana vistaar| anekAnta vANI anusAra // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 40 - . --- - - -

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332 mahAkavi pUdharadAsa : upAdeya, heya evaM jJeya tatva : jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA kA hita sukha hai aura vaha sukha AkulatA ke binA arthAt nirAkula avasthA meM hotA hai| AkulatA mokSa meM nahIM hai|' isIlie mokSa evaM mokSamArgaka upadeza sampUrNa jilA pa raka mAtra timAya hai| bhUdharadAsa mokSa ko saba prakAra se uttama mAnate hue mokSa ke kAraNasvarUpa bhAvoM ko grahaNa karane yogya batalAte haiM - "saba vidhi uttama mokha nivAsa / AvAgamana miTai jihiM vAsa / / tAte je zivakArana bhAva / teI gahana joga mana laav||1 saMsAra tathA saMsAra ke kAraNarUpa bhAva tyAga karane yogya haiM - "yaha jagavAsa mahAdukha rUpa / tAtai bhramata dukhI cidrUpa / jina bhAvana upajai saMsAra / te saba tyAga joga niradhAra // " chaha dravya, sAta tattva, nau padArtha tathA paMcAstikAya jAnane yogya haiN| inakI samyak jAnakArI se sampUrNa sandeha dUra ho jAte haiN|' vizva : isa vizva meM jIva aura ajIva athavA jar3a aura cetana - ye do hI mUla dravya haiN| yaha vizva pRthak se aura kucha nahIM hai, chaha dravyoM ke samUha ko hI vizva kahate haiN| ve chaha dravya haiM - jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla / jIva ko chor3akara bAkI pA~ca dravya ajIva haiN| isa taraha sArA jagata 1. Atama ko hita hai sukha so sukha AkulatA bina khiye| AkulatA ziva mAhiM na tAte zivamaga lAgo cahiye / / paM. daulatarAma kRta chahaDhAlA, tIsarI DhAla, prathama chanda 2.mAgo magAphalaM viya duvihaM jiNasAsaNe samakkhAdaM / maggo mokkhauvAso tassa phalaM hoI NivyANaM / / niyamasAra, AcArya kundakunda gAthA 2 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra 4 pRSTha 40 4 dahI pRSTha 7 5. chahoM darava paMcAstikAya / sAta tattva naupada samudAya / jAnana joga jagata meM yeh| jinasoM jAhiM sakala saMdeha / / 6. jIva ajIva vizeSa bina, mUla darava ye doy|' vahI pRSTha 7 7. dvAdazAnuprekA- kundakunda AcArya gAthA 39

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 333 cidacidAtmaka hai / yaha SaDdravyAtmaka vizva anAdi ananta hai, ise na kisI ne banAyA hai aura na koI isakA nAza kara sakatA hai, yaha svayaMsiddha haiN| ' vizva kA sarnayA gANa nahIM hotA hai, pAtra pani hotA hai : gAi garivartana kabhI-kabhI nahIM, apitu nirantara hotA hai / yaha vizva parivartanazIla hokara bhI nitya hai aura nitya hokara bhI parivartanazIla hai| sat arthAt astitva dravya kA lakSaNa hai - aura vaha astitva utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya se yukta hai| ' utpAda evaM vyaya parivartanazIlatA kA nAma hai aura dhauvya nityatA kaa| yaha jagata dravyadRSTi se dhauvyarUpa tathA paryAyadRSTi se utpAdavyayarUpa hai| 4 isa prakAra jagata nityAnityAtmaka hai| nitya aura parivartana donoM isake svabhAvagata dharma haiN| pratyeka padArtha sat rUpa hokara utpAda-vyaya-dhauvya se yukta tathA guNa aura paryAya vAlA hotA hai| guNa nitya haiM aura paryAya anitya haiN| isa vizva meM jAti kI apekSA jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla- ye chaha dravya haiM ; parantu saMkhyA kI dRSTi se jIva dravya ananta haiN| pudgala dravya jIva se bhI ananta guNe arthAt anantAnanta haiN| dharma , adharma aura AkAza dravya eka eka hai tathA kAla dravya asaMkhyAta haiN|' anekAnta evaM syAdvAda : pratyeka vastu (dravya) anaMta dharmAtmaka hone se anekAnta hai / yaha anekAnta hI vastu kA saccA svarUpa hai / ' isa anekAntAtmaka vastu (dravya) ko eka-eka naya kI dRSTise dekhane para vahI anekAnta ekAntarUpa hai| jo vastu pramANa kI 1. jIvAdika graha daraba sadIva / tinasauM bharayo yathASaTa biiv| svayaM siddha racanA yaha bnii| nA isa karatA haratA dhanI // pAcapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra pRSTha 5 2. sat dravyalakSaNaM- tattvArthasUtra umAsvAmI adhyAya 5 pRSTha 29 3. utpAdavyayadhovyayuktaMsat- tattvArthasUtra umAsvAmI adhyAya 5 pRSTha 30 4. daravadRSTi soM ghauvya sarUpa / parajaya so upajata zyarUpa / / jaise samudra sadA thira lasai / lahara nyAya upajai aru nasai // pAzvapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra pRSTha 5 5. guNaparyayavad dravyaM- tattvArthasUtra umAsvAmI adhyAya 5 pRSTha 38 6, laghu bena siddhAnta pravezikA- paM. gopAladAsa baraiyA pRSTha 14 7. anekAnta jinamata viSe, kahe adhAratha ruup| darama aneka nayAtamaka, eka eka naya sAdhi | pArzvapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra 9 pRSTha 78

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334 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : nAti ho anekana hai. nahI nA kI dRSTi se esAnta hai / yadyapi jainadarzana anekAntavAdI darzana kahA jAtA hai tathApi yadi use sarvathA anekAntavAdI mAneM to yaha bhI ekAnta ho jaayegaa| ata: jainadarzana meM anekAnta meM bhI anekAnta ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / jainadarzana na sarvathA ekAntavAdI hai aura na sarvathA anekAntavAdI / yaha kathaMcit ekAntavAdI aura kathaMcit anekAntavAdI hai| isI kA nAma anekAnta meM anekAnta hai| AcArya samantabhadra svayaMbhUstotra meM kahate hai ki -- anekAnto'pyanekAnta: pramANanayasAdhanaH / anekAntaH pramANAtte tadekAnto'pinnayAt / / pramANa aura naya haiM sAdhana jisake, aisA anekAnta bhI anekAntasvarUpa hai; kyoMki sarvAMzagrAhI pramANa kI apekSA vastu anekAntasvarUpa evaM aMzagrAhI naya kI apekSA vastu ekAntarUpa siddha hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra ekAnta do prakAra kA hotA hai samyak ekAnta aura mithyA ekAnta / sApekSa naya samyak ekAnta aura nirapekSa naya mithyA ekAnta hai| isI prakAra anekAnta bhI do prakAra kA hotA hai -samyak anekAnta aura mithyA anekAnta / sApekSa nayoM kA samUha arthAta zrutapramANa samyak anekAnta hai aura nirapekSanayoM kA samUha arthAta pramANAbhAsa mithyA anekAnta hai| kahA bhI je vatyu aNeyanta eyaMtaM pi hodi savipekkhaM / suyaNANeNa Naehi ya NiravekvaM dIsade Neva / / ' jo anekAntarUpa hai vahI sApekSa dRSTi se ekAntarUpa bhI hai / zrutajJAna kI apekSA anekAntarUpa hai aura nayoM kI apekSA ekAntarUpa hai| binA apekSA ke vastu kA rUpa nahIM dekhA jA sakatA hai| anekAnta meM anekAnta kI siddhi karate hue rAjavArtika meM AcArya akalaMkadeva likhate haiM___ "yadi anekAnta ko anekAnta hI mAnA jAya aura ekAnta kA sarvathA lopa kiyA jAya to samyak ekAnta ke abhAva meM, zAkhAdi ke abhAva meM vRkSa 1. kArtikeyAnupekSA- svAmI kArtikeya gApA 261

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335 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana ke abhAva kI taraha, tatsamudAyarUpa anekAnta kA bhI abhAva ho jaayegaa| ata: yadi ekAnta hI svIkAra kara liyA jAya to phira avinAbhAvI itaradharmoM kA lopa hone para prakRta zeSa kA bhI lopa hone se sarvalopa kA prasaMga prApta hogaa| " "samyagekAnta naya hai aura samyaganekAnta pryaann| anekAntavAda sarvanayAtmaka hai| jisa prakAra bikhare hue motiyoM ko eka sUtra meM piro dene se motiyoM kA sundara hAra bana jAtA hai, usI prakAra bhinna-bhinna nayoM ko syAdvAdarUpI sUta meM pise dene se sampUrNa naya zrutapramANa kahe jAte haiN|' __ AcArya amRtacandra samayasAra ko AtmakhyAti TIkA ke pariziSTa meM syAdvAda aura anekAnta ke sambandha meM likhate haiM ki "syAdvAda samasta vastuoM ke svarUpa ko siddha karane vAlA arhanta sarvajJa kA askhalita (nirbAdha) zAsana hai| vaha syAdvAda kahatA hai ki anekAnta svabhAva vAlI hone se saba vastue~ anekAntAtmaka haiN| ...jo vastu tat hai, vahI atat hai, jo eka hai, vahI aneka hai, jo sat hai, vahI asat hai, jo nitya hai, vahI anitya hai- isa prakAra eka vastu meM vastutva kI utpAdaka paraspara viruddha do zaktiyoM kA prakAzita honA anekAnta jo vastu pramANa kI dRSTi se anekAntarUpa hai vahI naya kI dRSTi se ekAnta rupa hai parantu yaha ekAnta kisI eka dRSTi se hone ke kAraNa samyak hai| yadi aneka dharma yA guNa vAlI vastu ko binA apekSA ke sarvathA hI vaisA mAna leM to vaha mithyA ekAnta ho jAyegA; kyoMki sampUrNa vastu vaisI nahI hai, apitu vastu kA eka aMza vaisA hai| vastu ke eka aMza kA dekhakara sampUrNa vastu ko vaisA hI mAnanA asatya hai| jaise janmAndha puruSoM dvArA hAthI ke kisI aMga ko jAnakara sarvAMga hAthI ko vaisA hI samajhanA asatya hai| saMsAra meM aneka matoM yA darzanoM 1. rAjavArtika, akalaMkadeva adhyAya 1 sUtra 6 kI TIkA pRSTha 35 2. vahI pRSTha 35 3, syAvAda maMjarI,zloka a) kI TIkA, hemcndraacaary| 4. syAdvAdo hi samastavastutattvasAdhakamekamaskhalitaM zAsanamarhatsarvajJasya / sa tu sarvamanekAMtAtmakamityanuzAsti, tatra tadeva tattadevAtat, yadevahaM tadevAneka, yadeva sattadevAsad, yadeva nityaM tdevaanitymityekvstuvstutvnissaadkprsprviruddhshktidyprkaashnmnekaantH|' samayasAra, pariziSTa AcArya amRtacandra kRta TIkA pRSTha 648

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336 mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : kA prAdurbhAva eka aMza ko hI pUrNa mAnane se huA hai| ve kisI eka aMza ko grahaNa karane vAle janmAndha puruSoM ke samAna kisI eka aMza ko sarvAMza mAnakara paraspara virodha pragaTa karate haiN|' vastu kA svarUpa anekAntAtmaka yA anekadharmAtmaka hone ke kAraNa pratyeka vastu meM paraspara viruddha pratIta hone vAlI aneka guNa yA dharma hote haiN| usa virodha ko dUra karane vAlI sApekSa kathana paddhati hI hai; jise syAdvAda kahate haiN| yaha syAdvAda samasta saMzayoM ko dUra karane vAlA nirmala satya sukharUpa jinazAsana kA parama cihna hai| yAbAda zaya meM "yA: 4 2ii AI samajhanA Avazyaka hai, kyoMki syAt pada tir3anta na hokara nipAta hai|' yaha sandeha kA vAcaka na hokara eka nizcita apekSA kA vAcaka hai / "kathaMcid arthAt kisI apekSA, bAda kA artha kahanA yA kathana karanA, kisI apekSA kathana karanA hI syAdvAda hai| ___ vastu ke anekAnta svarUpa ko samajhAne vAlI sApekSa kathana paddhati ko sthAdvAda kahate hai| 5 anekAnta aura syAdvAda meM dyotya-yotaka sambandha hai / dravya (vastu) ko pUrNa rUpa se sAta rUpoM meM kahA jAtA hai - syAt asti, syAt nAsti, syAt asti nAsti, syAt avaktavya, syAt asti avaktavya, syAta nAsti avaktavya, syAt asti nAsti avaktavya / ina sAta rUpoM ko hI saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| inakA spaSTIkaraNa nimnAnusAra hai - svacatuSTaya kI apekSA asti, 1. daraya aneka nayAtamaka, eka eka naya sAdhi / bhayo vividha matabheda yoM, aga meM bar3I upAdhi // janma andha gajarUpa jyoM, nahiM jAnai srbNg| tyoM jaga meM ekAnta mata, gahai eka hI aNg|| pArzvapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra 9 pRSTha 78 2. tA virodha ke harana ko,syAdavAda jinabaina / saba saMzaya meTana vimala, satyAratha sukha caina / / pArzvapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra 9 pRSTha 78 3. AtmabhImAMsA (devAgama stotra) samantabhadrAcArya zloka 103 4. syAda zabda ko artha jina, kamo kathaMcita jaan| nAgarUpa naya viSaharana, yaha jaga maMtra mahAna // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra 9 pRSTha 78 5. anekAntAtmakArya kathana syAdvAda' laghIyasvaya TIkA (anekAnta aura syAdvAda) pRSTha 22

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... eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana paracatuSTaya kI apekSA nAsti, eka hI sAtha svacatuSTaya aura paracatuSTaya kI apekSA asti nAsti, jisa prakAra vastu kA svarUpa hai usa prakAra sarvathA jyoM kA tyoM na kahane kI apekSA avaktavya, svacatuSTaya aura sarvathA na kahane kI apekSA asti avaktavya, paracatuSTaya aura sarvathA na kahane kI apekSA nAsti avaktavya, svacatuSTaya paracatuSTaya aura sarvathA na kahane kI apekSA asti nAsti avaktavya / ' - ukta sAtarUpoM ko hI saptabhaMgI kahate haiN| mUla meM to do hI bhaMga haiN| vaktavya aura avaktavya / ukta sAta bhaMgoM meM tIna bhaMga vaktavya ke tathA cAra bhaMga avaktavya ke haiN| avaktavya kA svatantra maMga saMbhava hone ke kAraNa usake cAra bhaMga hue evaM vaktavya kA svatantra bhaMga saMbhava na hone ke kAraNa usake tIna bhaMga hue| 337 isa sambandha meM AcArya amRtacandra pravacanasAra kI tattvadIpikA TIkA meM likhate haiM - " jo svarUpa se, para - rUpa se aura svarUpa- pararUpa se yugapat sat, asat aura avaktavya hai- aise ananta dharmoM vAle dravya ke eka-eka dharma kA azraya lekara vivakSita avivakSita ke vidhi niSedha ke dvArA pragaTa hone vAlI saptabhaMgI nirantara samyaktayA uccArita karane para syAtkAra rUpa amogha mantrapada ke dvArA evakAra meM rahane vAle samasta virodha - viSa ke moha ko dUra karatI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki syAdvAda, vastu meM vidyamAna vivakSita guNoM ko mukhya karatA huA avivakSita guNoM ko gauNa karatA hai, abhAva nahIM / " syAt " pada ke prayoga binA abhAva kA bhrama utpanna ho sakatA hai / 1. apane catuSThe kI apekSA darva asti rUpa, para kI apekSA vahI nAsati bakhAniye / eka hI samai so asti nAsti subhAva gharai, jyoM hai tyoM na kahA jAya avaktavya mAniye | asti kahe nAsti abhAva asti avaktavya, tyoM hI nAsti kaheM nAsti avaktavya jAniye / eka bAra asti nAsti kahyo jAya kaise tAtaiM, asti nAsti avaktavya aise paravAniye // pArzvapurANa, kalakatA adhikAra 9 pRSTha 78 2. pravacanasAra, amRtacandra kRta gAthA 115 kI tattvadIpikA TIkA

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338 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : vivakSA avivakSA, mukhya-gauNa vANI ke bheda haiM, vastu ke nhiiN| vastu to para se nirapekSa hotI hai, usameM samasta guNa sarvatra samAnarUpa se rahate haiN| unameM mukhya gauNa kA bheda saMbhava nahIM hai, kintu vANI meM samasta guNoM ko eka sAtha kahane kI sAmarthya na hone se kathana meM mukhya gauNa kA bheda kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka vastu meM paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle aneka dharma-yugala hote haiM, jinheM syAdvAda apanI sApekSa zailI meM pratipAdita karatA hai / isa sambandha meM kSullaka jinendra varNI 'jainendra siddhAnta koza' meM likhate haiM - anekAntamayI vastu kA kathana karane kI paddhati syAdvAda hai| kisI bhI eka zabda yA vAkya ke dvArA sArI kI sArI vastu kA yugapat kathana karanA azakya hone se prayojanavaza kabhI eka dharma ko mukhya karake kathana karate haiM aura kabhI dUsare ko / mukhya dharma ko sunate hue zrotA ko anya dharma bhI gauNa rUpa se svIkAra hote raheM, unakA niSedha na hone pAve, isa prayojana se anekAntavAdI apane pratyeka vAkya ke sAtha syAt yA kathaMcit zabda kA prayoga karatA hai|" isa prakAra syAdvAda ekAnta nayoM ke viSa ko dUra karane vAlA mahAna maMtra hai / jisa prakAra siddha vyakti rasa ke dvArA kudhAta ko bhI anupama svarNa banA detA hai; usI prakAra syAdvAdI syAdvAda ke dvArA pratyeka naya ko satya rUpa hI anubhava karate hai| jIva-virSe sAtoM bhaMga nirUpaNa : jIva dravyadRSTi se nitya hai| paryAyadRSTi se anitya hai| eka sAtha dravya paryAya dRSTi se nityAnitya hai| pUrNa rUpa se kahA nahIM jA sakatA isalie avaktavya hai| dravyadRSTi tathA sarvathA na kahane kI apekSA nitya avaktavya, paryAya dRSTi evaM sarvathA na kahane kI apekSA anitya avaktavya, dravyadRSTi, paryAyadRSTi 1. jainendra siddhAnta koza, jinendra varNI, bhAga 4 pRSTha 497 2. ihi vidhi ye ekAnta soM, sAta bhaMga prama kheta / syAdAda pauruSa ghau, saba prama nAzana heta // syAda zabda ko artha jina, ko kathaMcita jAna / nAgarUpa naya viSaharana, yaha jaga maMtra mahAna // jyo rasaviddha kudhAtu jaga, kaMcana hoya anUpa / sthAdAda saMjoga, saba naya satya svarUpa // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra 9 pRSTha 78

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 339 evaM na kahane kI apekSA nityAnitya avaktavya hai| 1 isa prakAra syAdbAda ka dvArA nayaviSakSAoM ke antargava jIya jainama meM siddha kiyA hai| jo anya prakAra se siddha karate haiM unake mata meM aneka doSa Ate haiN| jIva nirUpaNa :- jIva jIne vAlA, upayogamaya, kartA, bhoktA, dehapramANa, saMsArI, siddha, amUrtika aura urdhvagamana svabhAva vAlA hai| jIva kI siddhi hetu ye nau adhikAra kahe haiM / inakA vistAra jinAgama ke anusAra nimnalikhita hai jIvatva-nizcaya se jo eka cetana prANa se jItA hai aura vyavahAra se Ayu indriya, bala aura svAsocchavAsa- ina cAra prANoM se jItA hai, vaha jIva hai| pA~ca indriyA~, tIna bala, Aya aura zvAsocchavAsa - ye daza prANa, cAra prANoM ke uttara bheda haiN| mana sahita saMjJI jIva ke daza prANa, mana rahita asaMjJI ke nau prANa, cAra indriya jIva ke mana aura karNa binA ATha prANa, tIna indriya jIva ke mana, karNa aura cakSu ke binA sAta prANa, do indriya jIva ke mana, karNa, cakSa aura ghANa ke binA chaha prANa, ekendriya jIva ke mana, karNa, cakSa, ghANa, vacana bala aura rasanA rahita cAra prANa hote haiN| mukta jIva ke astitva, sukha, jJAnAdi prANa hote haiN| 4 upayogamayatva- caitanya ke sAtha sambandha rakhane vAle (anuvidhAyI) jIva ke pariNAma ko upayoga kahate hai| upayoga ko hI jJAna -darzana kahate haiN| yaha jJAna- darzana saba jIvoM meM pAyA jAtA hai tathA jIva ke atirikta anya kisI dravya meM nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / isalie upayoga jIva kA lakSaNa hai| yaha upayoga do prakAra kA hai - jJAnopayoga aura darzanopayoga / jJAnopayoga ke ATha bheda aura 1. daravadiSTi jisa nita sarUpa / parajaya nyAya adhira cidrUpa / nityAnitya kathaMcita hoyaM ko na jAya kathaMcita soya / / nitya avAci kathaMcita vhii| athira avAci kathaMcita shii| nityAnitya avAcaka jAna / kahata kathaMcita saba prvaan|| pAlapurANa, pRSTha 78 2. ihi vidhi syAdvAda naya chAhiM / sAdho jIva jainamata tAhi / / __ aura bhAMti vikalapa je kareM / tinake mata dUSana vistreN|| pArzvapurANa, pRSTha 78 3. jIva nAma upayogI jAna, karatA bhugatA deha prmaan|| jagatarUpa zivarUpa anUpa, Uradhagamana subhAva sarUpa // pAvapurANa, pRSTha 78-79 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 79 5. sarvArthasiddhi adhyAya 2 sUtra 8 kI TIkA 6. 'upayogo lakSaNam' - tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 2 sUtra 8

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: darzanopayoga ke cAra bheda haiN| mati 1 ajJAna (kumati) zruta- ajJAna (kuzruta) avadhi- ajJAna (kuavadhi) matijJAna, zrutajJAna, avadhijJAna, mana:paryayajJAna aura kevalajJAna- ye ATha prakAra kA jJAnopayoga hotA hai| inameM matijJAna aura zrutajJAna parokSa hai| avadhijJAna aura mana:paryayajJAna ekadeza pratyakSa haiM tathA lokAloka sahita anaMta dravyaparyAyoM ko eka sAtha jAnane vAlA kevalajJAna sakala pratyakSa hai| cakSudarzana, acakSudarzana, avadhidarzana aura kevaladarzana ye cAra darzanopayoga ke bheda haiN| isa prakAra ATha prakAra kA jJAna aura cAra prakAra kA darzana vyavahAra naya se jIna kA lakSaNa hai tathA jJAna aura zuddha darzana jIva ke kA lakSaNa haiN| 1 340 kartRtva - upacarita asadbhUta vyavahAra naya se jIva ghaTa, paTa Adi paradravyoM kA kartA hai| anupacarita asadbhUta vyavahAra naya se jJAnAvaraNAdi dravyakarmoM kA kartA hai tathA azuddha nizcaya naya se moha-rAga- dveSa Adi azuddha bhAvoM kA kartA hai tathA nizcaya naya se jJAna-darzana Adi zuddha bhAvoM kA kartA 5 1. (ka) do prakAra upayoga bakhAna darzana cAra ATha vidhijJAna // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 79 (kha) 'sa: dvividho'STa caturbheda: tattvArthasUtra, adhyAya 2 sUtra 9 2. aba suna vasuvidhi jJAna vidhAna / matizruti avadhi jJAna ajJAna / / manaparjaya kevala nirdoSa / inake bheda pratyakSa parokSa // mati suti jJAna Adi ke doy| ye parokSa jAne saba koya | avadhi aura mana parajaya jnyaan| ekadeza parataccha pramAna // kevalajJAna sakala prtcch| lokAloka vilokana cacchaM / jahA~ ananta daraba prjaay| eka bAra saba jhalakeM Aya // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 79 3. cakSu acakSu avadhi avdhaar| kevala ye darzana cAra // 4. darzana cAra ATha vidhijnyaan| ye vyavahAra cinha jI jAna || nice rUpa cidAtama yeha / zuddha jJAna darzana guna geha // vahI pRSTha 79 5. kalpita asadbhUta vyavahAra tisa naya ghaTapaTAdi karatAra // anupacArita ajathAratha rUpa / karmapiMDa karatA cidrUpa aba azuddha nihacai bala gharai, taba yaha rAga doSa ko kare // yahI zuddha niha kara jIva / zuddha bhAva karatAra sadIva // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 79

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 341 bhoktRtva * vyavahAra naya se jIva sukha - duHkharUpa pudgalakarma kA phala mogatA hai aura nizcaya naya se apane (caitanya bhAva) paramArtha sukha kA bhoktA deha pramANa - vyavahAra naya se jIva zarIra ke pramANa pradeza vAlA hai tathA nizcayanaya se lokAkAza ke samAna pradezavAlA hai| 'vyavahAranaya se jIva saMkoca vistAra zakti ke kAraNa samudghAta avasthA ko chor3akara choTe aura bar3e zarIra ke pramANa meM rahatA hai| jaise dIpaka kA prakAza bhAjana (pAtra) ke pramANa rahatA hai| samudghAta - mUla zarIra ko chor3e binA kArmANa evaM taijasa sahita AtmapradezoM kA zarIra ke bAhara nikalanA samudghAta kahalAtA hai| samudghAta ke sAta bheda hai - vedanA, kaSAya, vikriyA, mAraNAntika, taijasa AhAraka tathA kevalI samudghAta / adhika duHkha hone para (mUla zarIra ko chor3e binA) jIva ke pradezoM kA bAhara nikalanA vedanA samudghAta hai / tIvra krodhAdi kaSAya ke kAraNa zatru kA nAzAdi karane jIva ke pradezoM kA bAhara nikalanA kaSAya samudghAta hai| aneka vikriyA ke lie deva aura nArakI jIvoM ke AtmapradezoM kA bAhara nikalanA vikriyA samudghAta hai / kisI jIva ke mRtyu ke samaya (mUla zarIra ko na chor3akara) anya janmasthAna (agalI ba~dhI huI Ayu ke sthAna) ko sparza karane ke lie AtmapradezoM kA bAhara nikalanA mAraNAntika samudghAta hai| aniSTakAraka padArtho ko dekhakara muniyoM ke mana meM krodha utpanna hone se unake bA~ye kandhe se bAraha yojana lambA aura nau yojana caur3A bilAvAkAra sindUrI raMga kA putalA nikalatA hai, jo usa vyakti yA vastu evaM nagara sahita sAdhu kA bhI nAza kara detA hai, vaha azubha taijasa kahalAtA hai| jagata ko roga, durbhikSa Adi se duHkhI dekhakara muni ko dayAbhAva utpanna hone se jagata kA duHkha dUra karane ke lie mUla zarIra ko chor3e binA hI tapobala dvArA dAhine kaMdhe se puruSAkAra sapheda putalA nikalatA hai aura duHkha dUra karake phira apane zarIra meM praveza karatA hai, use zubha taijasa 1. prAnI sukha duHkha Apa, bhugate pudgala karma phala / yaha vyavahArI chApa, nihace nija sukha bhogatA / / pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 79 2. deha mAtra vyavahAra kara, kajho brahma bhagavAna / daravita naya kI dRSTi soM, loka pradeza samAna // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 79 3. vahI adhikAra 9, pRSTha 79

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342 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kahate haiM / chaThe guNasthAnavartI paramaRddhidhArI kisI muni ke tattva meM zaMkA hone para apane tapobala dvArA mUla zarIra ko chor3e binA mastaka se eka hAtha pramANa puruSAkAra sphaTika kI taraha svaccha aura manohara zubha putalA nikalatA hai / vaha kevalI yA zratakevalI ke pAsa jAkara darzana karake zaMkA-nivAraNa karake punaH apane sthAna meM praveza karanA AhAraka samudghAta hai| kevala jJAna utpanna hone ke bAda mUla zarIra ko chor3e binA daMDa, kapATa, pratara aura lokapuraNa kriyA karate hue kevalI ke AtmapradezoM kA phailanA kepasI samudvA hai| pAragatika aura AhAraka samudghAta eka dizA meM hote haiM tathA zeSa pA~ca samudghAta sabhI dizAoM meM ho sakate haiN| saMsAritva aura siddhatva - saMsArI jIva sthAvara aura trasa - do prakAra ke hote haiN| unameM pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu, aura vanaspati- ye eka indriya vAle sthAvara jIva haiM aura do indriya, tIna indriya, cAra indriya, aura pA~ca indriya- ye cAra prakAra ke calane phirane vAle trasa jIva haiM / saMkha, sIpa, kor3I, kRmi, joka ityAdi do indriya, cITI, dImaka, nU~ ityAdi tIna indriya, makkhI, khaTamala, bhaurA Adi cAra indriya, deva, nArakI, manuSya tathA pazu pA~ca-indriya jIva haiN| paMcendriya jIva manasahita (saMjJI ) aura manarahita (asaMjJI) - do prakAra ke hote haiN| isa prakAra bAdara (sthUla) aura sUkSma ekendriya, do indriya, tIna indriya, cAra indriya, saMjJI paMcendriya aura asaMjJI paMcendriya - ye sAtoM paryApta aura aparyApta do prakAra ke hokara caudaha jIva samAsa hote haiM / ' AhAra, zarIra. indriya, svAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana-ye chaha paryAptiyA~ haiN| ekendriya jIva ke cAra, do indriya se asaMjJI paMcendriya taka ke jIvoM ke pA~ca aura saMjJI paMcendriya jIvoM ke chaha paryAptiyA~ hotI haiN| saMsArI jIva ke caudaha guNasthAna aura caudaha mArgaNAsthAna hote haiN| 1. pAlapurApA, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 80-81 2. pAcapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 81 3. mithyAtva, sAsAdana, mizra, adirata samyaktva, dezasaMyata,pramattasaMyata, apramattasaMyata, apUrvakaraNa, anivRttikaraNa, sUkSma sAMparAya, upazAntamoha, kSINa-moha,saMjoga kevalI, ayoga kevalI -ye 14 guNasthAna hai| 4. gati, kAya, indriya, kaSAya, yoga, veda, jJAna, saMyama, darzana, lezyA, pavyatva, samyaktva, saMjJitva aura AhAra- ye 14 mArgaNAsthAna hai|

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 343 azuddha nizcayanaya se jIva saMsArI hai aura dravyadRSTi (zuddha nizcayanaya) se siddha hai| karmasaMyoga se jIva saMsArI hai aura karma ke nAza hone para siddha hotA hai / siddha ATha guNoM se yukta, sampUrNa karmamala se rahita, utpatti-vinAza sthitisahita tathA caramadeha se kiMcinyUna, puruSAkAra, loka ke agrabhAga meM virAjamAna hote haiN| amUrtika - pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa, do gaMdha, aura ATha sparza-ina bIsa guNoM se rahita jIva amUrtika hai| yahI jIva anAdi-kAlIna karmabandha ke saMyoga ke kAraNa kathaMcit mUrtika bhI kahA jAtA hai| nizcayanaya se jIva amUrtika hai aura vyavahAra naya se mUrtika hai| ___ urdhvagamana - prakRti, pradeza, sthiti aura anubhAga bandha se rahita AtmA leparahita jalatuMbI kI taraha urdhvagamana karatA hai, jaba ki karmabandha sahita jIva tiryakgamana bhI karatA hai|' jJAna-darzana svabhAvI AtmA ko jIva tattva kahate haiN| AtmA meM jhAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, zraddhA, cAritra Adi guNa hote haiM / saba guNoM meM nirantara parivartana huA karatA hai, jise paryAya yA avasthA kahate haiN| avasthA kI dRSTi se AtmA ke tIna bheda kiye jAte haiM- bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura prmaatmaa| jise jIvAdi sAta tattvoM yA nau padArthoM kA sahI jJAna va zraddhAna nahIM hai, AtmAnubhUti prApta nahIM huI hai tathA jo zarIrAdi ajIva padArthoM evaM rAgAdi rUpa AsrAvAdi meM apanApana mAnatA hai va unakA kartA bhoktA banatA hai, vaha AtmA hI bahirAtmA hai| jo AtmA bhedavijJAna ke bala se AtmA ko dehAdi aura rAgAdi se bhinna jJAna darzana svAbhAvI jAnatA, mAnatA va anubhava karatA hai vaha jJAnI samyagyadRSTi AtmA hI antarAtmA hai| yahI antarAtmA gRhasthAvasthA tyAgakara zuddhopayogarUpa munidharma aMgIkAra kara nijasvabhAva sAdhana dvArA AtmatallInatA kI parama avasthA meM pUrNa vItarAgI 1. pArcapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9. pRSTha 81 2. pArvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 82 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 82

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344 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : hokara sarvajJatA prApta kara letA hai| vaha paramAtmA kahalAtA hai| paramAtmA ke anaMta-darzana, anaMtasukha aura anaMtavIrya prakaTa ho jAte haiN|' bahirAtmA, antarAtmA aura paramAtmA athavA Astrava-bandha, savaMra nirjarA aura mokSa tattva to parirvatanazIla tattva haiM tathA ina sabhI paryAyoM meM vidyamAna sAmAnya jJAnAdirUpa sthira tattva hai vaha Atmatattva yA jIvatattva hai| yaha jIva tatva AtravAdi nau tattvarUpa hokara bhI apane ekatva ko nahIM chor3atA hai| ____ dRSTi (zraddhA) kI apekSA vaha jIva tattva hI upAdeya hai| use na jAnane, na mAnane evaM na anubhavane se AtmA bahirAtmA rahatA hai tathA jAnane, mAnane evaM anubhavane se antarAtmA bana jAtA hai tathA usI meM pUrNata: lIna hone para paramAtmA ho jAtA hai / ata: dRSTi kI apekSA to upAdeya eka sAmAnya jIvatattva hI hai, kintu pragaTa karane kI dRSTi se antarAtmA aura paramAtmA bhI upAdeya hai| bahirAtmA-dazA sarvathA heya hai / usa parama upAdeya jJAna darzana svabhAvI eka zuddha nija Atmatattva (jIvatattva) meM upayoga ko sthira karane se, usameM hI lIna rahane se sarva AtravAdi vikArIbhAva naSTa hote haiM tathA atIndriya AnandarUpa mokSadazA pragaTa hotI hai| ajIvatatva kathana * jJAna darzana svabhAva se rahita tathA AtmA se bhinna samasta dravya ajIva haiM / * pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla - ye pA~ca ajIva yA jar3atattva ke bheda haiN|' 1. yogasAra aura paramAtmaprakAza, yogIndudevakRta para AdhRta .2. navatattvagatatve'pi yadekatvaM na muMcati * samayasAra kalaza, amRvacandra AcArya kalaza 7 3. ahamikko khalu suno jimmamao NANadaMsaNasamaggo / tamhi Thio taccito sabce ede khayaM Nemi // samayasAra, kundakundAcArya gAthA 73 4. "tadviparItalakSaNojIva' sarvArthasiddhi adhyAya 1 sUtra 4 kI ttiikaa| 5. pudgala dharma adharma nama, kAla nAma avdhaar| ye ajIva jar3atatva ke, bheda paMca parakAra / / pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 82

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 345 pudgaladravya kathana - jisameM sparza, rasa, gandha aura varNa pAye jAte haiM; vaha pudgala hai|' vaha pudgala aNu aura skandha ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| pudgaladravya rUpI hai aura zeSa cAra dravya arUpI haiN| aNurUpa pudgala kA chedana bhedana Adi nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai / usakA agni jalAdi ke saMyoga se kabhI nAza nahIM ho sakatA hai / vaha Adi madhya avasAna se rahita avibhAgI hai / zabda se rahita hone para bhI zabda kA kAraNa hai| pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu Adi sabhI kA kAraNa hai| aneka kAraNa pAkara isake varNAdi palaTa jAte haiN|' pA~ca varNa, pA~ca rasa, do gandha aura ATha sparza - ye bIsa pudgala ke guNa haiN| 'do yA do se adhika aNuoM ke milane se skandha hotA hai / skandha ke ati sthUla yA sthUla-sthUla, sthUla, sthUla-sUkSma, sUkSma-sthUla, sUkSma aura sUkSma-sUkSma - ye chaha bheda haiN| jinake Tukar3e-Tukar3e hone ke bAda phira milanA nahIM hotA - aise miTTI, ITa, lakar3I, patthara ityAdi ati sthUla yA sthUla-sthUla pudgala haiN| jo chinna-bhinna hone ke bAda phira mila jAte haiM - aise ghI, tela, pAnI Adi sthUla pudgala hai / jo dekhane meM sthUla lagate hai; parantu jinako hAtha se pakar3A nahIM jA sakatA hai, aise dhUpa, coMdanI Adi sthUla-sUkSma pudgala haiN| jo A~khoM se dikhAI nahIM dete haiM, parantu jisameM aneka sparza, rasa, gandha Adi hote haiM ve sUkSma-sthUla pudgala haiN| anake prakAra kI kArmANa vargaNAe~ jo indriyagocara nahIM haiM, ve sUkSma pudgala haiM / dUyaNukAdi aNuoM kA bandha sUkSma-sUkSma pudgala hai| ina chaha prakAra ke pudgala skandhoM meM pudgala ke guNa sparza rasa varNAdi sabhI rahate haiM / yaha sampUrNa dRzyamAna loka inhIM se nirmita hai / isa loka meM pudgala ke alAvA anya koI dRSTigocara nahIM hotA hai| zabda, bandha, chAyA, andhakAra, sUkSma, sthUla, bheda (khaMDa) saMsthAna (AkAra) ughota aura Atapa - ye daza pudgala kI paryAye haiN| dharmadravya kathana - jisa prakAra machalI ko calane meM jala kAraNa hotA hai, usI prakAra svayaM calate hue jIvoM aura pudgaloM ke calane meM dharmadravya 1. 'sparzarasagaMdhavarNavantaH pudgalaH' - tattvArthasUtra, umAsvAmI, adhyAya 5 sUtra 23 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 82 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 82 4. pAvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 82 5. pAzavapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 82

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mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa nimitta hotA hai / athavA jo svayaM calate hue jIvoM aura pudgaloM ke calane meM sahAyaka (nimitta ) hai vaha dharmadravya hai / t 346 adharmadravya kathana - jisa prakAra pathika ko Thaharane meM vRkSa kI chAyA nimitta hotI hai; usI prakAra svayaM Thaharate hue jIvoM aura pudgaloM ke Thaharane meM kAraNa adharmadravya hotA hai| athavA jo svayaM Thaharate hue jIvoM aura pudgaloM ko Thaharane meM sahAyaka (nimitta ) hai, vaha adharmadravya hai / 2 AkAzadravya kathana jo saba dravyoM ko avagAhana (sthAna) detA hai, vaha AkAza dravya hai / vaha AkAza loka aura aloka ke bheda se do prakAra kA hai| jahA~ jIvAdi padArtha rahate haiM; vaha asaMkhyAta pradezavAlA lokAkAza kahalAtA hai / isake bAhara ananta alokAkAza hai| 3 - kAladravya kathana asaMkhyAta pradezI lokAkAza ke eka eka pradeza para eka- eka kAlANu ratnoM kI rAzi kI taraha sthita hai| yaha kAlANu hamezA rahane vAlA nizcaya kAla dravya hai / vartanA isakA lakSaNa hai aura kabhI isakA nAza nahIM hotA hai / samaya, ghar3I, ghaNTA Adi pariNamana lakSaNa vAlA vyavahAra kAla hai / 4 1. jaba jar3a jIva calai sata bhAya, dharma daraba taba karata sahAya // yathA mIna ko jala AdhAra, apanI icchA karata vihAra // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 83 2. yoM hI sahaja kara cita hoya, taba adharma sahakArI hoya / jyoM maga meM paMthI ko chAhiM, thiti kArana hai malasoM nAhiM || pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 83 3. jo saba dravyana ko avakAza, deya sadA so dravya AkAza / tAke bheda doya jina kahe, loka aloka nAma saradahe || jahA~ jIvAdi padAratha vAsa, asaMkhyAta paradeza nivAsa | lokAkAza kahAvai soya, parai aloka anantA hoya // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 83 4. loka pradeza asaMkhe jahA~, eka eka kAlANu tahA~ / ratnarAzivata nivasai sadA dravya sarUpa sudhira sarvadA // baratAvana lakSaNa guNa jAsa, cIna kAla vAko nahiM nAza / samaya ghar3I Adika bahubhAya, ye vyavahAra kAla paryAya // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 83 -

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 47 isa prakAra jIva tathA pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza kAla - ye pA~ca ajIva dravya haiN| ina chaha dravyoM ke samudAya ko hI vizva kahate haiN| yaha vizva svanirmita hai, ise banAne vAlA koI nahI hai / bhagavAna isake jAnane dekhane vAle haiM, banAne vAle nhiiN| paMcAstikAya * vivaraNa - ina chaha dravyoM meM kAla dravya ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca dravya "paMcAstikAya" kahalAte haiM / asti kA artha "hai tathA "kAya" kA artha "bahupradezI" hai| jo dravya bahupradezI haiM, ve astikAya haiN|' kAladravya bahupradezI nahIM hai, ata: vaha astikAya nahI hai / jIva, dharma, aura adharma lokAkAza ke barAbara asaMkhyAta pradeza vAle haiN| AkAza anantapradezI hai| pudgala saMkhyAta, asaMkhyAta aura ananta - tInoM prakAra ke pradeza vAlA hotA hai| kAlANu eka pradezavAlA hai, isalie use "asti" hone para bhI "kAya" (bahupradeza) rahita mAnanA cAhie / ' yadyapi pudgala-paramANu bhI eka pradezI hai; parantu usameM snigdharukSitva guNa hone se paraspara milakara skandharUpa hone kI zakti hai isalie vaha "kAya" (bahupradezI) kahA gayA hai| jaba ki kAlANu asaMkhya haiM; parantu ve pRthak - pRthak hokara hI rahate haiM, Apasa meM kabhI milate nahIM hai; isalie ve "asti" hokara bhI "kAyavanta" nahIM kahe jA sakate 1. dvAdazAnuprekSA AcArya kundakunda gAthA 39 2. chahaDhAlA,pAMcapI DhAla, loka bhAvanA kA chanda 3. bahu paradezI jo darava, kAyavanta so jAna / tAte paMca athikAya haiM , kAya kAla bina mAna | pAIpurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 83 4. jIva dharma adharma darava ye,tInoM kaheM loka prmaan| asaMkhyAta paradezI rAje, nabha antara paradezI jAna / / saMkha asaMkha anantapradezI, trividha rUpa yudgala phicaan| eka pradeza dharai kAlANu, tAta kAla kAya bina mAna | pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 83-84 5. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 84

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348 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: pradeza tathA usakI zakti kA kathana AkAza ke jitane sthAna ko eka avibhAgI pudgala paramANu rokatA hai, use "pradeza" kahate haiN| vaha eka pradeza kAlANu, dharma, adharma, jIva, pudgala Adi sabhI dravyoM ko sthAna detA hai|' . AkAza ke eka pradeza meM dharma, adharma, kAla, asaMkhya pradezI jIva aura ananta pudgala kaise A jAte haiM ? jisa prakAra kavira meM aneka dazakoM kA za Ane meM kaI bAdhA nahIM hai; usI prakAra AkAza ke eka pradeza meM aneka dravya nirAbAdharUpa se nivAsa karate haiN| Astravatattva kathana - karmoM ke Ane ko Asrava kahate haiN| usake do bheda haiM - dravya Astrava aura bhAva Astrava / mithyAtva, avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga - ye jIva ke vikArI pariNAma haiM, inhIM ko bhAvAtrava kahate haiN| ina cetana pariNAmoM ke anusAra Atma pradezoM meM karma ke yogya pudgala (kArmANa) vargaNAoM kA AnA, dravyAsrava hai| bandhatattva kathana - jina rAgAdi pariNAmoM se jIva baMdhatA hai, una rAgAdi vikArI bhAvoM ko bhAvabandha jinadeva ne kahA hai| una bhAvoM ke kAraNa AtmapradezoM 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 84 2. pAvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 84 3. bahupradIpa parakAza, yathA eka maMdira virSe / lahai sahaja avakAza, bAdhA kachu upajai nahIM / tyoM hI nabha paradeza meM, pudgala baMdha aneka / nirAbAdha nivasai sahI, jyoM ananta tyoM eka || pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 84 4. jo karmana ko AvAgamana, Asrava kahiye soya / tAke bheda siddhAnta meM, pAvita daravita hoya // mithyA avirata yoga kssaay| aura pramAda dazA dukhadAya // ye saba cetana ko prinnaam| bhAvAtrava inhIM ko nAma || tinahIM bhAvana ke anusAra / digavaratI pudgala tihi bAra // Avai karma pAva ke jog| so daravita Asrava amanoga // pArcapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 84

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349 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana para pUrvakAla meM baiThe purAne kamoM (kArmANa vargaNAo) ke sAtha naye karmoM kA baMdha jAnA, so dravyabandha jAnanA caahie|' saMvaratattva kathana * Astrava ko rokane ke kAraNarUpa AtmA ke zuddhabhAvoM ko bhAvasaMvara tathA unake nimitta se naye karmoM kA AnA ruka jAnA dravya saMvara hai 1 pA~ca vrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, dazadharma, bAraha bhAvanAye, bAIsa parISahoM kA jItanA, tathA pA~ca prakAra kA cAritra - ye saba bhAvasaMvara ke bheda haiM / ina sabase karma usI prakAra AnA ruka jAte haiM, jisa prakAra nAlI ke mu~ha para DATa lagAne se pAnI AnA ruka jAtA hai|' vata Adi kA yAcaraNa karane vAle zubhopayogI jIva ke pApAtrava kA saMbara (ruka jAnA) hotA hai, jabaki vItarAgabhAva rUpa zuddha - upayoga kA AcaraNa karane vAle sAdhu ke puNya aura pApa donoM kA saMvara hotA hai / * nirjarAtattva kathana - tapa ke bala se karmoM kI sthiti kA kama ho jAnA arthAt binA phala diye karmoM kA khira jAnA (avipAka nirjarA) tathA phala dekara karmoM kA khira jAnA (savipAka nirjarA) jina zuddha vItarAgI bhAvoM se hotA hai una zuddha bhAvoM ko (AMzika zuddhi kI vRddhi) ko bhAva nirjarA kahate haiN| saMvarapUrvaka nirjarA hI mokSadAyI hai| baMdhe hue karmoM kA (AMzika) khira jAnA ----- 1. rAgAdika parinAma jinasoM cetana baMdhata hai| tina bhAvana ko nAma,bhAvabandha jinavara kahyo / jo cetana paradeza pai,baiThe karma purAna / naye karma tinasoM baMdhe, daraba bandha so jAna // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 84 2. Asrava avirodhana hetabhAva, so jAna bhAvasaMvara subhAva / jo daravita Asrava zuddha rUpa, so hoya daraba saMvara sarUpa // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 4 3. vrata paMca samiti pocoM sukarma / vara tIna gupti daza bheda dharma // bAraha vidhi anuprekSA vicAra / bAIsa parISaha vijaya sAra // puni pAMca jAta cArita azeSa / ye sarvabhAva saMvara vizeSa / / inaso karmAsrava ruke em| paranAlI ke muMha DATa jema / / pArzvapurANa, kalakalA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 8485 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 85

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350 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : . dravya nirjarA hai / isa prakAra jinazAsana meM kahA gayA hai| samyagdRSTi ina sabakA saccA zraddhAra karatA hai| mokSatattva kathana - jo pUrNa abheda ratnatraya svarUpa (samyagdarzana-jJAna -cAritra rUpa) vItarAga bhAva hai, vaha bhAva mokSa hai tathA dravya karmoM kA jIva se pUrNata: chUTa jAnA dravya mokSa hai| yaha mokSa kamI naSTa na hone vAlA arthAt avinAzI hai| jIva, ajIva, Akhava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa - ye sAta tattva haiN| ina sAta tattvoM meM puNya aura pApa milakara nau padArtha kahe jAte haiN| vaise sAta tattvoM meM puNya - pApa, Asrava tathA bandha tattva meM garmita ho jAte haiN|' sAta tattvoM meM saMsAra ke kAraNarUpa Alava - bandha tatva heya haiM athavA bahirAtmapanA heyaM hai| mokSa ke kAraNarUpa saMvara - nirjarA ekadeza upAdeya haiM athavA antarAtmA kathaMcit (AMzika prakaTa karane ke lie) upAdeya hai / mokSa athavA paramAtmadazA pragaTa karane ke lie sarvathA upAdeya hai| jJAnAnanda svabhAvI zuddha trikAlI dhruva sAmAnya nijAtmatattva yA jIvatattva Azraya lene ke lie parama upAdeya hai| zeSa anya jIva tathA ajIva Adi jJeya haiM / isa prakAra heya, upAdeya tathA jJeyatattva jAnanA caahie|' nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya - anekAntAtmaka vastusvarUpa ko samajhane ke lie jisa syAvAda kA varNana pUrva meM kiyA hai, usI sandarbha meM ( kisI apekSA kathana karane ke saMbaMdha meM) 1, tapa bala karma tathA thiti paat| jina bhAvoM rasa de zira jAta // teI bhAva bhAva nirjraa| saMvara pUrava hai zivakarA // bandhe karma chUTeM jisa bAra / daraba nirjarA so nirdhAra // ihi vidhi jina zAsana meM khiyaa| samakitavaMta sAMca saradahiyA // pArzvapurANa,kalakattA, adhikAra 9. pRSTha 85 2. jo abheda ratnatraya bhAva,soI bhAva mokSa tthhraav| jIna karma so nyArA hoya, daraba mokSa avinAzI soy|| pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 85 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 85 4, pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 77

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 351 pramukharUpa se eka apekSA nizcayanaya kI tathA eka apekSA vyavahAranaya kI hotI hai| sAmAnyata: sampUrNa jinAgama kA kathana nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya dvArA pratipAdita hokara syAdvAdarUpa huA hai| syAdvAda ke antargata Ane para bhI nizcayanaya aura vyavahAranaya kA pRthak pratipAdana jinamata meM huA hai; isIlie bhUgharadAsa bhI unakA jJAna Avazyaka mAnate haiM : doya pakSa jinamata viSai, naya nizcaya vyavahAra / tina bina lahai na jIva yaha ziva saravara kI sAra // punarjanma evaM karmasiddhAnta - jIvAdi chaha dravyoM, sAta tattvoM Adi ke varNana karane ke atirikta bhUdhAradAra ne apane sAhitya meM manISa yaM kasiddhAnta kA vivecana bhI kiyA hai| yadyapi mUlataH sabhI jIva anantazaktisampanna samAna haiM, parantu vyavahArataH jo bheda dRSTigocara ho rahe haiM, una sabameM pUrvajanmakRta karma yA saMskAra kAraNa haiN| vastutaH pUrvakRtakoM yA saMskAroM meM koI bheda nahIM hai / ve donoM Apasa meM paryAyavAcI hai / jIva anAdi ananta svayaMsiddha hai, usakA anya koI kartA dhartA hartA nahIM hai; parantu vaha svayaM apane kiye karmoM ke anusAra sukha - duHkha jIvana - maraNa, hAni-lAbha, yaza-apayaza Adi bhogatA hai tathA vibhinna gatiyoM yA yoniyoM meM janma-maraNa karatA rahatA hai / jIva Ayu Adi karmoM se AvRtta hokara pUrva gati yA yoni ke zarIra ko chor3atA hai tathA agalI gati yA yoni ke zarIra ko dhAraNa karatA hai| eka gati ko chor3akara dUsarI gati meM janma lenA, phira use chor3akara agalI gati meM janma lenA- isa prakAra bAra-bAra janma lenA ho punarjanma hai / dUsare zabdoM meM karmabandhanayukta jIva kA karmAnusAra vibhinna gatiyoM yA yoniyoM meM janma lenA, vibhinna paryAyoM ko prApta karanA hI punarjanma hai| jaba koI jIva apane puruSArtha dvArA apane mUlasvabhAva ko pahicAnakara usameM hI lIna hokara AgAmI karmabandhana nahIM karatA hai tathA pUrvakRta samasta karmoM kA nAza kara detA hai, taba vaha janma maraNa ke cakra se chUTakara mukta ho jAtA hai| 1. jainazataka, pUdharadAsa chanda 101 - :

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352 mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : ___kavi bhUdharadAsa ne jahA~ eka ora punarjanma ke samarthana meM pArzvanAtha, 1 RSabhadeva, candraprabhu, zantinAtha, neminArtha Adi tIrthakaroM, kamaTha, rAjA yazodhara va rAnI candramati,' rudradatta purohita Adi ke pUrvajanmoM yA pUrvabhavoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, vahIM dUsarI ora pratyeka jIva apane karmoM ke anusAra hI phala bhogatA hai athavA jo jaisA karma karatA hai, use vaisA hI phala prApta hotA hai- yaha karmasiddhAnta bhI pratipAdita kiyA hai / karmasiddhAnta ke samarthana meM bhUdharadAsa kahate haiM - jaisI karanI Acara, taisoM hI phala hoy| indrAyana kI gati ke, sAma - slAga koga!" isa prakAra bhUdharadAsa ne apane sAhitya meM jainadarzana ke sabhI pramukha viSaya jagala (vizva), jIva, ajIva (pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla) Asrava - bandharUpa saMsAra ke kAraNatattva yA maktimArga ke bAdhaka tattva, saMvara-nirjarArUpa saMsAra ke ghAtaka yA mokSamArga ke sAdhaka tattva, mokSarUpa sAdhyatattva, vastu svarUpAtmaka anekAnta tathA usakA pratipAdaka syAdvAda, nizcayanaya evaM vyavahAranaya, saptabhaMgI, paMcAstikAya, pradeza evaM usakI sAmarthya, heya, jJeya, upAdeyatattva, punarjanma evaM karmasiddhAnta Adi kA varNana kiyA hai| ataH bhUdharadAsa ke dArzanika vicAroM ke antargata uparyukta sabhI kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA yArmika vicAra bhUdharadAsa ke sAhitya meM jainadharma kA svara pratidhvanita hotA hai| yadyapi unakA sAhitya dhArmikatA se ota-prota hai, phira bhI usameM sAhityika sauSThava 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa pRSTha 90 tathA jainazataka chanda 86 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa chanda 82 3. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa chanda 83 4. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa chanda 84 5. jainazataka, pUdharadAsa chanda 85 6. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 90-91 7. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa chanda 87 8. nizi bhojana muMjana kathA- bhUdharadAsa, prakIrNa sAhitya 9. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pRSTha 8

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 353 darzanIya hai| vaise bhI kisI dhArmika racanA kA sAhitya hone ke sAtha virodha nahIM hai isIliye AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI jaise manISI vidvAna samasta dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika sAhitya ko kAvya kI sImA meM svIkAra karate hue nirdeza dete haiM"dhArmika preraNA yA AdhyAtmika upadeza honA kAvyatva kA bAdhaka nahIM samajhA jAnA caahie|" dharadAsa ke dhArmika vicAroM kA AdhAra sAmAnyata: jainadharma hI hai, ata: sarvaprathama "jainadharma kA artha samajhanA Avazyaka hai| jainadharma - jainadharma do zabdoM se milakara banA hai- prathama "jaina" aura dvitIya "dharma" / "jaina" zabda "jina" se banA hai| "jina" kA artha hai "jItane vAlA / " jisane rAgadveSati vikAroM ko dIpA, indriyoM aura mana ko jI, karmarUpI zatruoM ko jItA; vahI "jina" hai / "jina kA batAyA huA yA kahA huA dharma hI "jainadharma" hai| "jina" dharma arthAt vastu ke svabhAva ko banAte nahIM, batAte haiN| unhoMne apane divyajJAna arthAt kevalajJAna meM jaisA vastu kA svabhAva dekhA, vaisA hI apanI divyadhvani dvArA kahA / koI svIkAra kare yA na kare - isase unheM koI sarokAra nhiiN| ___"jina" koI avatAra nahIM hote haiM, ve hama jaise sAmAnya prANiyoM meM se hI banate haiN| jainadharma ke anusAra pratyeka jIva meM paramAtmA banane kI zakti nihita hai arthAt pratyeka jIva "jina" yA paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| jo jIva apane AtmonmukhI puruSArtha dvArA moha - rAga - dveSAdi bhAvakoM tathA jJAnAvaraNAdi dravyakarmoM para vijaya pA lete haiM, ve jIva bahirAtmapanA chor3akara "antarAtmA" hokara paramAtmA arthAt "jina" bana jAte haiM / jina" ho jAne para vaha jIva sarvajJa aura vItarAga ho jAtA hai, use sabakA jJAna hotA hai aura usake andara se rAga-dveSadi kA maloccheda ho jAtA hai| usa avasthA meM vaha jo upadeza detA hai. vaha satya, prAmANika evaM zreSTha hI hotA hai; kyoMki aprAmANika evaM asatya ajJAnatA evaM rAga-dveSAdi hone para hI bolA jAtA hai| jaba vaha saba kucha jAnatA hai tathA rAga - dveSa se rahita ho gayA hai to asatya, aprAmANika evaM burA kyoM kahegA? ata: usakA upadeza saccA, acchA evaM hitakAraka hI hotA hai| isa 1. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla- AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI pRSTha 11

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354 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: prakAra "jina" vItarAgI, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI hotA hai, ise hI "saccA deva" kahate haiM tathA isake dvArA jo upadeza diyA jAtA hai yA jo siddhAnta pratipAdita kiye jAte haiM, vahIM "jainadharma" kahalAtA hai| jainadharma kI anya dharmoM se tulanA karate hue bhUdharadAsa ne jainadharma kI aneka vizeSatAe~ batalAyI haiM, jo mUlataH draSTavya haiN| dharma ke aMga vicAra aura AcAra pratyeka dharma ke do aMga hote haiM - vicAra aura AcAra / vicAroM ke antargata usa dharma ke ve sabhI siddhAnta A jAte haiM ; jina para vaha AdhRta hotA hai| AcAra ke antargata usa dharma kI pUjA, upAsanA yA ArAdhanA kI aneka paddhatiyA~, japa, tapa tIrtha, vrata, tithi, tyauhAra, rIti-rivAja, khAna-pAna Adi ke taura-tarIke' nidhi vidhAna zAmila hote haiM : AgAra mAratI hotA hai, vicAra bhItarI / isI taraha AcAra sthUla hotA hai, vicAra sUkSma / vicAra meM cintana aura AcAra meM cAritra (AcaraNa) AtA hai| vicAra kA sambandha darzana se aura AcAra kA sambandha dharma se hotA hai athavA darzana vicAra se tathA dharma AcAra se sambandhita hotA hai / ata. darzana aura dharma athavA vicAra aura AcAra - donoM meM paraspara ghaniSTa sambandha hai| prAyaH pratyeka dharma ke dharmapravartaka ne na kevala AcAra-rUpa dharma kA upadeza diyA; apitu apanI dRSTi se vastu ke svabhAvarUpa dharma kA upadeza bhI diyaa| isalie jisa prakAra pratyeka dharma kI apanI eka AcAra saMhitA hai; usI prakAra usakA apanA eka darzana bhI hai| sAmAnyata: darzana meM AtmA kyA hai ? paramAtmA (Izvara) kyA hai? vizva kyA hai? paraloka kyA hai? Adi praznoM ke uttara diye rahate haiM / arthAt jahA~ darzana AtmA, Izvara, jagata, karma, purnajanma, mokSa Adi ke svarUpa kA vivecana karatA hai, vahA~ dharma AtmA ko paramAtmA yA Izvara banane kA mArga batalAtA hai / isI prakAra jaba AcArarUpa dharma AtmA ko paramAtmA banane kA mArga batalAtA hai; taba yaha jAnanA Avazyaka ho jAtA hai ki AtmA aura paramAtmA kyA hai yA inakA svabhAva kyA hai? ina donoM meM antara kya aura kyoM hai ? ye saba jAne binA AcaraNa ko sudhArane vAlA usI prakAra lAbha nahIM uThA sakatA yA apane uddezya meM saphala nahIM ho sakatA, jisa prakAra sone ke 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa padya se 105 taka

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 355 svabhAva yA guNa-dharma se anabhijJa vyakti svarNa-zodhana ke prayatna meM saphalatA prApta nahIM kara sakatA / jisa prakAra sone kI pUrNa zuddhatA dRSTi meM rakhe binA sonA zuddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA; usI prakAra zuddhatA dRSTi meM hone para bhI zuddha karane kI vidhi jJAta na hone se bhI zuddhatA prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI / manuSya ke AcaraNa kA mUla yA AdhAra-zilA vicAra hI haiN| vicAra ke anusAra hI vyakti kA AcAra hotA hai / udAharaNArtha - jo AtmA, paraloka Izvara, karma-phala Adi ko nahIM mAnatA hai, usakA AcAra "khAo, pIo aura moja karo" arthAt bhogapradhAna hI hogA tathA jo mAnatA hai ki AtmA hai, paraloka hai, jIva apane-apane zubhAzubha karmoM ke anusAra phala bhogatA hai, ina karmoM se yA mokSa bhI mAta kiyA jA samAsa hai, isakA AcAra bhogapradhAna na hokara dharmapradhAna hI hogA / ata: vicAroM kA manuSya ke AcAra (cAritra) para bar3A gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai / darzana vicAramUlaka hotA hai ata: hetupUrvaka vastusvarUpa kI siddhi karate hue satya kA digdarzana karAnA darzana kA kAma hai / dharma AcAra-mUlaka hotA hai ata:hadaya kI pavitratApUrvaka AcaraNa yA vyavahAra meM zuddhatA lAnA dharma kA kAma hai / dharma aura darzana kA bar3A gaharA sambandha hai aura eka ke binA dUsare ko nahIM samajhA jA sakatA hai| "jainadharma" kahane se "jina" deva ke dvArA kahe gaye vicAra aura AcAra-donoM grahaNa karanA caahie| jainadharma ke vicAra aura AcAra kisI vyakti vizeSa, jAtivizeSa, varga yA sampradAya vizeSa ke logoM ke lie nahIM hai| ve sabake lie arthAt sArvajanika haiM / isI prakAra ve kisI kAla-vizeSa yA sthAna- vizeSa ke lie nahIM haiM; ata: sArvakAlika aura sArvadezika yA sArvabhaumika hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jainadharma eka sArvajanika, sArvakAlika evaM sArvabhaumika dharma hai| jainadharma ke vicAroM kA mUla hai syAdvAda aura AcAra kA mUla hai ahiMsA / na kisI ke vicAroM ke sAtha anyAya ho aura na kisI prANI ke jIvana ke sAtha khilavAr3a ho| saba sabake vicAroM ko samajheM aura saba sabake jIvanoM kI rakSA kareM / isa prakAra vyakti svAtantrya tathA vicArasvAtantraya jainadharma ke mUlatattva ___ jina jo upadeza dete haiM vaha prANimAtra ke hita ke lie hotA hai / ve na kevala manuSyoM ke hita kI bAta karate haiM ; apitu jaMgama aura sthAvara- sabhI

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356 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : prANiyoM ke hita kI bAta karate haiN| jAma mUla hai, . . hisyA sarvabhUtAni" arthAt kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA mata kro| ve na pazuoM tathA choTe-choTe jIva-jantuoM ko badhya mAnate haiM aura na manuSyoM tathA bar3e-bar3e prANiyoM ko abadhya prarUpita karate haiN| ve na brAhmaNa kI pUjA karane kA upadeza dete haiM aura na cANDAla se ghRNA karane kI bAta karate haiN| unakI vItarAgadRSTi meM saba barAbara haiN| jainadharma kisI svayaMsiddha, avatAra tathA pustaka ko na mAnakara apane puruSArtha se rAga-dveSa tathA alpajJatA se chuTakArA pAne vAle vItarAgI sarvajJa puruSa ko pramANa mAnatA hai tathA usI vItarAgI aura sarvajJa puruSa ke dvArA kahe gaye vacanoM ko yA unake kathanAnusAra likhe gaye zAstroM ko pramANa mAnatA hai| dharma kyA hai ? vastu kA svabhAva evaM svAbhAvika pariNamana dharma hai| zAbdika vyutpatti ke anusAra jo dhAraNa karatA hai athavA jisake dvArA dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha dharma hai| isa dRSTi se pratyeka vastu ko usakA svabhAva hI dhAraNa karatA hai athavA pratyeka vastu apane svabhAva ko hI dhAraNa karatI hai / ata: vaha svabhAva hI usa vastu kA dharma hai| jisa prakAra agni kA uSNatA, pAnI kA zItalatA, nIbU kA khaTAsa, cInI kA miThAsa svabhAva hai; usI prakAra jIva kA jAnanA - dekhanA tathA pudgala kA sparza, rasa gandha, varNa Adi svabhAva haiN| jJAna, darzana Adi ananta-guNoM kA piNDa hI AtmA hai| ve guNa hI AtmA ko dhAraNa karate haiM athavA AtmA una guNoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai, ata: ve AtmA ke svabhAva haiM, dharma haiN| isI prakAra sparza, rasa Adi pudgala ke guNa haiM, ve hI use dhAraNa karate haiM athavA pudgala hI unheM dhAraNa karatA hai; ata: ve hI pudgala ke svabhAva yA dharma hai| jisa prakAra guNa vastu kA svabhAva hai, usI prakAra guNoM kA pariNamana bhI vastu kA svabhAva hai / guNoM kA pariNamana do prakAra kA hotA hai- svabhAva ke anukUla pariNamana tathA svabhAva ke pratikUla pariNamana / anukUla pariNamana ko svabhAva paryAya hone se dharma tathA pratikUla pariNamana ko vibhAva paryAya hone se adharma kahate haiN| jIva, pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla- ina chaha dravyoM meM jIva aura pudgala svabhAva aura vibhAva donoM rUpa se pariNamana karate haiM tathA zeSa

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 357 cAra dravya mAtra svabhAvarUpa hI pariNamana karate haiM, vibhAvarUpa nhiiN| jIva cetana hai, isalie usameM jJAna hai tathA duHkha dUra karane aura sukha prApta karane kI icchA hai tathA zeSa pA~ca ajIva haiM, isalie na to unameM jJAna hai aura na sukha prApti va duHkha nivAraNa kI koI icchA / ataH jIva ke sukhI hone ke lie usake sukha ke kAraNabhUta svabhAva tathA svabhAva ke anukUla pariNamana ko vastu ko svabhAva hone se dharma kahate haiM / AtmA kA traikAlika svabhAva jJAnAnanda hai / usa jJAnAnanda svabhAva ko jAnane, mAnane aura anubhavane kA nAma hI dharma hai| isase hI saccA sukha yA nirAkulatA rUpa sukha prApta hotA hai, saMsAra ke duHkhoM evaM karmoM se chuTakArA milatA haiN| AcArya samantabhadra ne kahA hai -- dezayami samIcInaM dharmaM karmanivarhaNam / saMsAraduHkhataH satvAn, yo dharatyuttame sukhe // 1 maiM karmoM kA nAza karane vAle usa samIcIna dharma ko kaha~gA jo prANiyoM ko saMsAra duHkhoM se chur3Akara uttama sukha meM dharatA haiM arthAt sthApita karatA hai / dharma kA AcaraNa karane kI preraNA dete hue tathA upAdeyatA batalAte hue AcArya guNabhadra kA kathana hai pApAt duHkhaM dharmAtsukhamiti sarvajanasuprasiddham / tasmAt vihAya pApaM sukhArthI dharmaM sadA Acaratu // ' pApa se duHkha hotA hai, dharma se sukha hotA hai - yaha sarvajanoM meM bhale prakAra prasiddha hai; isalie sukha prApta karane ke icchuka vyakti ko pApa chor3akara dharma kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / dharma-samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra - AtmA kA svabhAva zuddha, Ananda aura vItarAgarUpa hai| usakI saccI zraddhA samyagdarzana, usakA yathArtha jAnanA samyagjJAna, aura trikAlI zuddha svabhAva 1. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra samantabhadrAcArya zloka 2 2. AtmAnuzAsana guNabhadrAcArya zloka

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358 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : meM lIna rahanA hI samyagcAritra hai / ' samyagdarzanAdi svabhAva paryAya hone se dharma kahe gaye haiM / ralakaraNDazrAvakAcAra meM AcArya samantabhadra ne likhA hai ki sadRSTijJAnavRttAni dharma dharmezvarA: viduH / yadIyapratyanIkAni bhavanti bhavapaddhatiH / / ' dharma ke Izvara tIrthakaradeva ne samyagdarzana-jJAna cAritra ko dharma tathA isake viparIta mithyAdarzana-jJAna-cAritra ko saMsAra kI paramparA ko bar3hAne vAlA adharma kahA hai| samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra ko "ratnatraya" kahA jAtA hai tathA ratnatraya ko dharma aura mokSa kA mArga prarUpita kiyA jAtA hai| umAsvAmI tatvArthasUtra, aparanAma mokSazAstra meM likhate haiM - "samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokSamArga:". samyagdarzana, samyAjJAna aura samyagcAritra - ye tInoM milakara eka mokSa kA mArga hai| ina tInoM meM bhI samyagdarzana ko dharma kA mUla "dasaNamUlo dhammo tathA samyAcAritra ko sAkSAt dharma -"cAritaM khala dhammo" ' kahA gayA hai| sAtha hI samyagdarzana kI aneka prakAra se mahimA batalAkara usakI sarvaprathama ArAdhanA 1. padadhyanate bhinna Apa meM ruvi samyaktva malA hai| Apa rUpa ko jAnapano so samyagjJAna kalA hai || Apa rUpa meM lIna bhaye ghira samyagcAritra soii| aba vyavahAra mokSamaga suniye hetu niyata ko hoI / / chahaDhAlA- paM. daulatarAma tIsarI DhAla sanda 2 2. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra - svAmI samantabhadrAcArya zloka 3 3. tattvArthasUtra - umAsvAmI,prathama adhyAya sUtra 1 4. aSTapAhur3a (dasaNa pAhur3a) kundakundAcArya gAthA 2 5. pravacanasAra kundakundAcArya gAthA 7 6. darzanaM jJAna cAritrAtsAdhimAnamupAznute / darzane karNadhAraM tanmodhamArge prckssyte|| vidyAvRtasya sambhUtisthiti vRddhi phlodyaa| na santyasati samyaktve bIjAbhAve taroriva / na samyaktvasamaM kiMcit caikAlye trijagatyapi / zreyo'zreyaza mithyAtvasame nAnyattanumRtama / rasnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra - svAmI samantabhadrAcArya zloka 31, 33, 34

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 359 karane kA upadeza diyA hai, kyoMki usake hone para hI jJAna aura cAritra samyak hote haiN| samyagdarzana samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra - ye svabhAva ke anukUla pariNamana hone se jIva ke svabhAva haiM; ata: dharma haiN| isI prakAra uttamakSamAdi daza dharma tathA ahiMsA ko bhI svabhAvaparyAya hone se dharma kahA gayA hai / isa taraha svabhAva paryAya ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hI vastu-svabhAva. ratnatraya dazadharma evaM ahiMsA ko dharma kahate haiN| nizcaya se rAgAdi ke abhAvarUpa vItarAga bhAva kI pradhAnatA se ye cAroM eka hI haiM; parantu vyavahAra se pRthak-pRthak svarUpa kI apekSA se inameM bheda bhI svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| dharma pravRttiparaka - dharma pravRttimUlaka hotA hai| vahA~ bhI nizcaya dharma zubhAzubharUpa para kI nivRttipUrvaka sva meM pravRtti hai tathA vyavahAradharma azubharUpa parapravRtti se haTakara zubharUpa parapravRttivAlA hI hai / vyavahAra dharma para pravRttimUlaka hone se parAzraya-vRtti ko dyotaka hai, jaba ki nizcaya dharma svapravRttivAlA hone se svAzrayarUpa hai| dhArmika vicAroM ke antargata sva-para pravRttimUlaka AcaraNoM kI carcA abhipreta hotI hai| AtmA ko saMsAra mArga se haTAkara mokSamArga meM lagAne ke lie svasanmukha karAnA yA sva meM pravRttivAlA banAnA dhArmika AcaraNoM kA makhya uddezya hai / isI uddezya kI siddhi ke lie azubharUpa parapravRtti chur3Akara zubharUpa para meM pravRtti bhI karAyI jAtI hai aura use vyavahAra se dharma bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaba ki vAstava meM dharma to sva-pravRttirUpa vItarAgatA kA nAma hai / para meM pravRtti to Atra-bandha hI hai, cAhe vaha zubharUpa ho yA azubharUpa / pharka yaha hai ki jahA~ azubha meM pravRtti pApAstrava-pApabandha,vahA~ zubha meM pravRtti puNyAstrava aura puNyabandha kA kAraNa hai |paapaasrk-punnyaastrv, pApabandha aura puNyabandha Asrava aura bandha ke bheda hokara saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM isalie heya haiN| ekamAtra zubhAzubha rUpa para-pravRtti se nivRtti dvArA vItarAgabhAva rUpa sva (nija zuddhAtmA) meM pravRtti hI parama dharma hai aura vahI parama upAdeya hai| svapravRttiparaka dharma samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra rUpa hai| samyagdarzana-jJAna cAritra kI pUrNatA mokSa yA paramAtmadazA hai, jo ki sAdhyarUpa hai tathA samyagdarzana jJAna-cAritra kA AMzika pariNamana mokSamArga hone se sAdhanarUpa hai| - -- 1. tazAdo samyaktvaM samupAzraNIyamakhilayalena | tasmin satyeva bhavati jJAnaM cAritraM ca ! puruSArthasiddhayupAya-amRtacandrAcArya zloka 30 - - ---

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360 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : samyagdarzana jIvAdi sAta tattvoM kA saccA zradvAna samyagdarzana hai| ' tattvArthasUtra meM bhI kahA hai -"tatvArthazraddhAnaM smygdrshnm|" 'sacce deva-zAstra-guru kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai| 'athavA janma maraNAdi aThAraha doSa rahita deva, antaraMga bahiraMga parigraharahita guru aura hiMsArahita dharma kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai / "ApA (sva) aura para kA yathArthazraddhAna samyagdarzana hai| AtmA kA zraddhAna samyagdarzana hai| samyagdarzana kI prApti ke lie jIvAdi sapta yA nava tatvArthoM, 31. zAstra-zura ke svarUpa sidhA addhAna tathA sva-para ke bhedajJAnasahita AtmAnubhUti bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai / samyagdarzana ke vibhinna lakSaNa unhIM meM se kisI eka ko mukhya va anya ko gauNa karake banAye gaye haiM / yadyapi pratyeka lakSaNa meM kisI eka ko hI mukhyarUpa se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai tathApi usameM gauNarUpa se anya sabhI lakSaNa garmita ho hI jAte haiM kyoMki ve sabhI lakSaNa paraspara meM avinAbhAvI haiN| isa sambandha meM paMDita ToDaramala "mokSamArga prakAzaka* meM likhate haiM - "mithyAtvakarma ke upazamAdi hone para viparItAbhiniveza kA abhAva hotA hai, vahA~ cAroM lakSaNa yugapat pAye jAte haiM tathA vicAra apekSA mukhyarUpa se tatvArthoM kA vicAra karatA hai, yA ApApara kA bhedavijJAna karatA hai yA AtmasvarUpa hI kA smaraNa karatA hai yA devAdika kA svarUpa vicAratA hai| isa prakAra jJAna meM to nAnA prakAra ke vicAra hote haiM, parantu zraddhAna meM sarvatra paraspara sApekSapanA pAyA jAtA hai| tattvavicAra karatA hai, to bhedavijJAnAdi ke abhiprAya sahita karatA hai 1. carcA samAdhAna, pUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 2 pRSTha 5 2. tatvArthasUtra adhyAya 1 sUtra 2 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra zloka 4 doSa aThAraha varjita deva, duvidha saMga tyAgI guru eva / hiMsA varjita dharma anUpa, yaha saradhA samakita ko rUpa // pArzvapurANa adhyAya 1 pRSTha 10 5. mokSamArga prakAzaka - paM. ToDaramala pRSTha 316 6. (ka) puruSArthasiddhayupAya zloka 216 (kha) aSTapAhur3a (darzanapAhur3a) kundakundAcArya gAthA 20

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana aura bhedavijJAna karatA hai to tattvavicArAdi ke abhiprAya sahita karatA hai| isI prakAra anyatra bhI paraspara sApekSapanA hai| isalie samyagdRSTi ke zraddhAna meM cAroM hI lakSaNoM kA aMgIkAra hai tathA jisake mithyAtva kA udaya hai, usake viparItAbhi niveza pAyA jAtA hai, usake yaha lakSaNa AbhAsamAtra hote haiM; sacce nahIM hote / "" 361 - bhUdharadAsa ne " carcA samAdhAna" nAmaka grantha meM samyagdarzana kA varNana aneka praznottaroM ke mAdhyama se kiyA haiM / unameM kucha pramukha carcAe~ (prazna ) haiM - samyagdarzana kA kyA svarUpa hai ? " vyavahAra samyaktva kaise kahie aura nizcaya samyaktva kaise kahie ? 3 samyaktva kI utpatti doya prakAra hai eka nisargata, dUjI adhigamate / tinakA svarUpa kyA hai ?1 pA~ca labdhiyoM ke hone para hI samyaktva hotA hai, unameM cAra labdhiyA~ to bhavya aura abhavya donoM ko ho jAtI haiN| pA~cavI karaNalabdhi jisako samyaktva honA ho usI ko hotI hai / pA~ca labdhi meM karaNalabdhi kA kyA svarUpa hai ? ' gommaTasAra meM samyaktva ke chaha bhAga (bheda ) kahe jAte haiM - midhyAtva samyaktva, sAsAdana samyaktva, mizra samyaktva, upazama samyaktva, kSayopazama samyaktva, aura kSAyika samyaktva ina chaha samyaktva kA svarUpa kyA hai| samyaktva sahaja sAdhya hai ki yatna sAdhya hai / ' vidyamAna bharatakhaMDaviSai paMcamakAla meM samyagdRSTi jIva keteka pAie ? samyaktva anumAna kA viSaya nahIM hai; parantu zAstra ke viSai yA binA to koI vastu na hoi yAteM samyaktva ke bAhya lakSaNa zAstra viSai kyoM na hoMhiMge ? upayukta sabhI carcAoM ke samAdhAna yadyapi mUlataH paThanIya hai; parantu inake pratipAdya viSaya kA saMkSipta sAra nimnalikhita hai - B y 3. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, 4. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, 5. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, 6. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, 7. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, 4. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, 9. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, 1. mokSamArga prakAzaka- paM. ToDaramala adhyAya 9 pRSTha 327-328 2. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 2 pRSTha 5 bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 3 pRSTha 5 bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 4 pRSTha 6 bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 5 pRSTha 7 bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 6 pRSTha 9 dhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 15 pRSTha 16 bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 16 pRSTha 17 bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 17 pRSTha 18

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362 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : -- - jIvAdi tattva kA yathAvat saradhAna kA nAma samyagdarzana hai| mithyAdRSTi kevala AgamajJAna so jIvAdi saptatattva kA yathAvat svarUpa jAne, zraddhAnakara svasaMvedana jJAna kA abhAva hai / nijAtmA ke zraddhAna kA anubhava hoi nAhI, nAhIta AtmajJAnazUnya puruSa ke tatvArthazraddhAna kAryakArI nAhIM / Atmatattva binA jo jIvAdi tattvoM kA zraddhAna hoI, tisakU vyavahAra samyaktva khie| tisa sahita nizcaya samyaktva hai / jo ruci apane nirmala jJAnamaya caitanyarUpa AtmAte aura jIvAdi padArtha ke sanmukha ruci hoi so vyavahAra samyaktva hoi aura pUrvokta apane AtmA ke sanmukha ruci hoi tisai nizcaya samyaktva khiye| samyaktva kI utpatti do prakAra hai - eka nisargata dUjI adhigamateM / nisarga kahiye svabhAvateM hoya tisai nisarga samyaktva kahiye / adhigama kahiye arthabodhata hoi tisai adhigama samyaktva kahiye / donoM prakAra ke samyaktva viSa antaraMga kAraNa darzanamoha kA upazama, kSayopazama tathA kSaya samAna hai| bAhyakAraNa meM doya bheda hai- paramparA guru ke upadezasauM arthAvabodha hoi, tisai adhigamateM huA kahiye / kSayopazamAdi pA~coM labdhi kI prApti binA kadAcit samyaktva hoi naahiiN| prathama kSayopazama-labdhisoM paMcaindrI sainI paryApta hoi / vizuddha-labdhisoM puNyavanta jogya bhAva hoi, dezanAlabdhisoM jaina guru ke upadezasoM arthAvabodha hoi, prAyogyalabdhisoM Ayu binA sAta karmani kI madhyama sthiti anta: kor3AkoDI sAgara rAkhai, karapalabdhisoM prati samaya pariNAma anaMtaguNe nirmala hoi taba anAdi mithyAtvI anivRttikaraNa ke antasamaya viSai anantAnubandhI ke catuSka aura mithyAtva kA upazama karai prathama samaya, tisake anantara samayaviSa samyaktvakauM pAvai / isa prakAra paMcalabdhi pariNAmani kari jIva kauM samyaktva kI prApti hoi / Adi cAra labdhi tau bhavya-abhavya ke samAna hai| paMcamI karaNalabdhi milai taba samyaktva hoi| jina paMcalabdhirUpa pariNAmani kI paraNati kari samyaktva upajai te pariNAma isa kalikAla meM mahAdurlabha haiM / yadyapi samyaktva anumAna kA viSaya nahIM hai phira bhI ..... taise hI zAntabhAva, saMvegabhAva, dayAbhAva, Astikya bhAva, ina ... .... 1. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM.2 pRSTha 5 2. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 3 pRSTha 5 3. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 3 pRSTha 6 45. bacI samAdhAna, kalakattA, gharadAsa, carcA naM.4 pRSTha 7 6. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, dharadAsa, carcA naM.16 pRSTha 17

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana cyAri avyabhicArI bhAvani sUM samyaktva ratna jAnA jAi hai| krodhAdi rahita samabhAvAkUM zAMtabhAva khie| komalatAyukta bhAvani ko dayAbhAva kahiye / dharma, dharma ke phalaviSai prIti hoi, tathA deha bhoga sUM udAsInatA hoi, tisai saMvegabhAva kahiye / Apta Agama padArthani viSai nAsti buddhi na hoI, tisai AstikyabhAva kahiye / ye cyArau bhAva kabhI vyabhicAra nahIM / vikArarUpa na hoi, yaha samyagdRSTi kA bAhya lakSaNa khyaa| ' zabdazaH uddhRta hai- "samayasAra viSai zrI amRtacandrasUri ne samyaktva yatnasAdhya batAyA hai / " "pazya SaNmAsamekaM" iti vacanAt / isa prakAra samyaktva kI prApti viSai chaha mahine kA vAyadA kiyA tisakI bhASA " eka chaha mahInA upadeza merA mAna re"| ara "kAlalabdhi binA nahIM" yaha bhI pramANa hai| tahA~ donU kAraNaviSai dRSTAMta kahie hai| jaise koI dhanArthI puruSa yathAyogya udyama kareM haiM, dhana kI prApti bhAgya udaya soM hoi hai| taiseM pUrNa upAyasUM udyamI honA yogya hai / samyaktva kI prApti kAlalabdhisau hoyagI ara jisa kArya kI labdhi honI hai, tisa kArya kI siddhi udyama binA honI nAhIM / jaba hoyagI taba udyamasUM hoyagI- yaha niyama hai jaise bharatajI ke jJAnotpatti viSai eka muhUrta bAkI rahA thA to bhI dIkSA grahaNa kiyA, taba kArya siddha huaa| isa prakAra udyama kAraNa hai| kAraNa binA kArya siddha hotA nahIM, yAtai udyamI rahanA / * >> 2 samyagdarzana sampUrNa dharma kA mUla hai| sabhI guNarUpI ratnoM kA koza hai| muktirUpI mahala kA sopAna haiM, isalie yaha sabakA sAra hai| isake binA sampUrNa AcAraNa vyartha hai suna hastI zAsana anukUla / sakala dharama ko darzana mUla // saba guNaratna koSa yaha jAna mukti dhArai haraghura sopAna // tAtaiM yaha saba hI ko sAra yA bina saba Acarana asAra / / 3 vaha samyagdarzana nizaMkita Adi ATha guNa sahita tathA zaMkAdi paccIsa doSa rahita mokSarUpI vRkSa ke aMkura ke rUpa meM bhavya jIva ke hRdaya rUpI kheta meM utpanna hotA hai zaMkAdika dUSana binA, ATho aMga sameta / mokha birachi aMkura yaha upajai bhavi ura kheta || 363 1. carcA samAdhAna, kalakacA, bhUdharadAsa, carcA naM. 17 pRSTha 18 2. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, carkhA naM. 15 pRSTha 17 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 2 pRSTha 10 4. vahI pRSTha 10-11

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364 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : jisa prakAra akSarahIna maMtra viSa kI bAdhA ko dUra nahIM kara sakatA, usI prakAra aMgahIna samyagdarzana saMsAra ke duHkhoM ko dUra karane meM samartha nahIM hai| isalie aSTa aMga sahita samyagdarzana kA nirNaya hRdaya meM karanA caahie| arthAt samyagdarzana dhAraNa karanA cAhie aMgahIna darzana jaga maahi| bhadakha meTana samaratha nAhi // akSara Una maMtra jo hoya / viSa bAdhA meTe nahiM soya / / tAte yaha niranaya una Ana / yaha hiradai samyaka saradhAna / ' deva-zAstra-guru samyagdarzana kI prApti ke lie chaha dravya, sAta tattva, nau padArtha ke svarUpa *kI taraha dekzAstra-guru kA svarUpa jAnanA bhI atyanta Avazyaka hai| isa saMbaMdha meM AcArya kundakunda kA nimnalikhita kathana draSTavya hai jo jANadi arahantaM, davattaguNattapajjayattehi / so jANadi appANaM, moho khula jAda tassa layaM / ' jo dravya-guNa-paryAya se arahaMta ko jAnatA hai, vaha apane AtmA ko jAnatA hai aura usakA darzanamoha naSTa ho jAtA hai arthAt use samyagdarzana prApta ho jAtA hai| deva - jo vItarAgI, sarvajJa aura hitopadezI ho, vahI saccA deva hai|' sacce deva ke moha-rAga-dveSa, janma-maraNa, bhUkha pyAsa Adi aThAraha doSa nahIM hote haiM, isalie use vItarAgI kahate haiM ! vaha tIna loka aura tIna kAla ke samasta padArthoM ko unake anantaguNa - paryAyoM sahita eka samaya meM eka sAtha spaSTa rUpa se jAnatA hai, isalie vaha sarvajJa kahalAtA hai / mokSamArga kA prANimAtra ke hita ke lie upadeza dene se vahI hitopadezI hai| 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 2 pRSTha 11 2. pravacanasAra, kundakundAcArya, gAthA 80 3. jainazataka, pUdharadAsa, chanda 46 4. doSa aThAraha varajita deva, tisa prabhu ko pUjai bahu bheva // 5. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 46

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 365 zAstra - Apta ke vacana Adi haiM hetu jisameM aise padArtha ke jJAna ko Agama kahate haiN| 'athavA arahanta paramAtmA kI vANI meM samAgata pUrvApara virodha rahita tatvArthoM kA zuddha pratipAdana hI Agama hai / aisA Adi - anta virodharahita Agama hI zuddha manapUrvaka sunane yogya hai / Apta (sacce deva) vItarAgI aura pUrNajJAnI hote haiN| ata: unake vacana bhI vItarAgatA aura pUrNajJAna ke poSaka aura preraka hote haiN| unake vacanoM se moha aura ajJAna naSTa ho jAtA hai / jinavANI dvArA vastusvarUpa kA yathArthajJAna hokara bhedavijJAna hotA hai| sampUrNa jinavANI kA eka mAtra tAtparya vItarAgatA hai| jinavacana parama upakArI hai| jinendra bhagavAna ke vacanoM kI mahimA vacanoM se nahIM ho sktii| Agama ke binA apAra saMsArarUpI samudra ko bhujAoM ke bala se tairakara na koI pAra kara pAyA hai, na kara pAyegA / guru - samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra ke dvArA jo mahAna bana cuke haiM unako guru kahate haiN| AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu guru kahalAte haiN| ve paMcendriyoM ke viSayoM kI AzA se rahita. sarvaprakAra ke Aramma aura parigraha se rahita, jJAna dhyAna aura tapa meM lIna rahane vAle hote haiN| ve bAraha prakAra ke tapa karate haiN| 1. AptavacanAdinibandhamarthajJAnabhAgamaH - parIkSAmukha-mANikyanandi, adhyAya 3, sUtra 95 2. tasya muhaggadavayaNaM punAvoSa virahiyaM suddh| __ Agamidi parikAhayaM teNa du kahiyA havaMti taccasthA | niyamasAra kundakundacArya gAthA 8 3. baMdo jinavANI mana zodha / Adi anta jo vigata virodha / / pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, pIThikA pRSTha 10 4. jenazataka, bhUdharadAsa, jinavANI stuti chanda 14 (mohamahAcala preda calI, jaga kI jar3atA tapa dUra karI hai|) 5. jainazataka, pUdharadAsa, jinavANI stuti chanda 15 (tA kisa bhAMti padAratha pAMti, kahAM lahate, rahate avicArI / ) 6. paMcAstikAya,gAthA 172 amRtacandrAcArya kI TIkA 7, jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 15 (yA vidhi saMta kahai dhana hai, dhana hai jina vaina bar3e upakArI) 8. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 103 mahimA jinavara vacana kI nahIM vacana bala hoy| mujabala so sAgara agama, tire na tIrahi koya / 9. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, AcArya zivIdi, pRSTha 511 10. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, AcArya samantabhadra, zloka 10

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366 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : dazalakSaNa dharma kA pAlana karate haiN| aMga - pUrvarUpa zAstroM ko par3hate haiM / ekAkI vicaraNa karate haiN| grISmakAlameM parvata ke zikhara para, varSA meM vRkSa ke nIce aura zItakAla meM nadI ke taTa para rahakara tapa evaM dhyAnarUpI agni dvArA karmoM ko jalA dete haiN| 'muni krodhAdi caudaha prakAra ke aMtaraMga aura dasa prakAra ke bahiraMga parigraha se rahita nimrantha hote haiM / nimrantha hue binA munipada nahIM hotA hai aura munipada binA nirvANa (mokSa) nahIM hotA hai| parigraha se nirantara bandhana hotA hai aura jahA~ bandha kA kAraNa parigraha hai, vahA~ mukti kaise ho sakatI hai? jisa prakAra sUrya pazcima se nahIM nikala sakatA, agni zItala nahIM ho sakatI; usI prakAra marAjA niyama hue binA mokSa prApta nahIM ho sakatA / ' muni saMsAra zarIra, bhoga se virakta, apane svabhAva meM anurakta, jagata kI ora pITha tathA mokSa kI ora dRSTi karane vAle tathA pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna guptirUpa teraha prakAra kA cAritra pAlane vAle hote haiN| inake pAlane se ve mokSa ko prApta karate haiM / ' muni apane zuddha Atma-svabhAva meM lIna rahate haiN| zatru-mitra, mahalazmazAna, kuMkama-kIcar3a, komala seja-kaThora pASANa, kaMcana-kA~ca, duSTa-sajjana, nidaMka-sevaka, jIvana- maraNa, Adi unake lie barAbara haiM; ve ina sabameM samAnabhAva rakhate haiN| ve apane zarIra ke prati bhI nirmamatva hote haiM, unake hRdaya meM sAta prakAra ke bhaya nahIM hote haiN| 'sampUrNa AzAoM ke tyAgI, vana meM nivAsa karane vAle, nagna digambara zarIra vAle, mada kA parihAra karane vAle-aise mahAna munirAja ke prati hama hAtha jor3akara sira jhukAte haiN| 1. (ka) bAraha vidhi duddhara tapa karai / dazalAnI dharama anusrai| par3he aMga pUrava zruti sAra / ekAko vicarai angaar|| grISma yasai giri zIza / varSA meM taruvara muni Iza // zIta mAsa taTanI taTa rahai / dhyAna agini ke karmani dhai| pAcapurANa, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 19 (kha) jainazataka, bhUparadAsa, padya 13 (sAdhu stuti) 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 85 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 86 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 19 5. taji sakala Asa vanavAsa basa, nagana deha mada prihre| aise mahaMta munirAja prati, hAtha jora hama sira ghre|| pAvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 85

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhUdharadAsa deva, zAstra, guru, dharma- inako saMsAra meM mahAna ratna mAnate haiM tathA inako parakha (pahicAna) kara pramANa karane meM manuSyabhava kI sArthakatA samajhate haiN| jo vyakti inakI parakha jAnate haiM ve netravAn haiN| jo nahIM jAnate, ve ajJAnI andhe haiN| vAstava meM to netrahIna vyakti aMdhe nahI haiM; balki hRdayarUpI A~kheM jinake nahIM haiM, ve aMdhe haiN| deva dharma guru grantha the, bar3e ratana saMsAra inako parakhi pramAniye yaha narabhava phala sAra // je inakI jAnai parakha, te jaga locanavAna / jinako yaha sudhi nA parI, te nara aMdha ajAna || locanahIna puruSa ko andha na kahiye bhUla / ura locana jinake muMde, te andhe nirmUla // 1 bhedavijJAna evaM AtmAnubhava - samyagdarzana kI prApti ke lie bhUdharadAsa ne deva-zAstra-guru ke zraddhAna tathA sAta tattvoM ke zraddhAna ke sAtha-sAtha bhedavijJAna evaM AtmAnubhava ko bhI Avazyaka mAnA hai / bhedavijJAna ke samarthana meM ve pUrvAcAryoM ke kathanoM ko uddhRta karate hue preraNA dete haiM - " ego me sAsado appA NANadaMsaNalakkhaNo / sesA meM bAhirA bhAvA, savve saMjogalakkhaNI // 367 2 isa prAkRta kA artha vicArakai viSaya kaSAyateM vimukha hoI zuddha caitanya svarUpa kI nirantara bhAvanA karanI / " " isa gAthA kA artha hai - yaha maiM jJAna-darzana lakSaNa vAlA zAzvata AtmA huuN| zeSa sabhI saMyogalakSaNa vAle mere bAharI bhAva hai| 3 ve isa bheda vijJAna ko hI mokSamArga batalAte haiM tathA kaI prAkRta gAthAyeM 1. pArzvapurANa, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 5 pRSTha 44 2. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, antima prazasti pRSTha 122 3. carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, antima prazasti pRSTha 122

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368 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : uddhRta karate haiN|' AtmAnubhava kI mahimA batalAte hue bhUdharadAsa kI preraNA hai - " hai bhAI yaha manuSya jIvana vaise hI bahuta thor3I buddhivAlA hai, Upara se usameM buddhi aura bala bhI bahuta kama hai, jaba ki Agama to agAdha sAgara ke samAna hai; ata: isa jIvana meM usakA pAra kaise pAyA jA sakatA hai ? isalie aisA karo ki sampUrNa dvAdazAMgarUpa jinavANI kA mUla jo AtmA kA anubhava hai, tuma use hI prApta kara lo / yaha AtmAnubhava apUrva kalA hai, saMsArarUpI tApa ko zAnta karane ke lie candana kI zalAkA hai| ata: isa jIvana meM ekamAtra AtmAnubhavarUpa apUrvakalA ko hI pIDa ko prAtmAnubhava kA abhyAsa karo aura AtmAnubhava kA hI parama Ananda prApta karo, yahI bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI hai| AtmAnubhava hI sArabhUta hai| yahI AtmA kA hita karane vAlA hai| yahI madAra arthAta zreSTha karane yogya uttaradAyitva pUrNa kArya hai, isake atirikta anya saba vyartha hai|' 1. jeNa piraMtara maNapariyau visayakasAyayaha jatu | mokkhaha kAraNa pataDau aNaNaMta taNaM maMtu // jaM sakkara taM kIraha ja Na sakkei taM ca saddaharNa / sadahamANA jIvo pAvai ajarAmaraM ThANaM / / tavayaraNaM vayadharaNe saMjamataraNaM sadhajIvadayAkaraNa / aMte samAhi maraNaM caGagaidukkhaM nivAreI // aMto Natyi suraNaM kAlo thovo vayaM ca dRmmehA / taM Navari sikkhiyabvaM jaM jaramaraNakkhayaM kuNaI // carcA samAdhAna, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, antima prazasti pRSTha 122 2. jIvana alapa Ayu buddhi bala hIna tAmai, Agama agAdha sindhu kaiseM tAhi DAka haiM dvAdazAMga mUla eka anubhai apUrva kalA, pavadAghahArI ghanasAra kI salAka hai || yaha eka sIkha lIjai yAhI ko abhyAsa kIje. yAko rasa na.pIje aiso vIra jina-vAka hai| itanoM hI sAra ye hI Atama ko hitakAra, yahIM lau madAra aura Agai ThUkaDhAka hai / / jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 91

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 369 samyagjJAna - jIvAdi tattvoM ko naya-pramANa-nikSepa Adi ke dvArA bhedAbhedarUpa yathArtha jAnanA samyagjJAna hai - naya pramANa nikSepa kari, bhedaabhedvidhaan| jo tattvana ko jAnano, soI samyagjJAna // ' jaina zAstroM meM upalabdha samyagjJAna kI kucha paribhASAyeM nimnalikhita haiM 1. jisa-jisa prakAra se jIvAdi padArtha avasthita haiM, usa-usa prakAra se unakA jAnanA samyagjJAna hai| 2 2. jo jJAna vastu ke svarUpa ko nyUnata rahita, adhikatA-rahita, viparItatArahita, jaisA kA taisA sandeha-rahita jAnatA hai, use samyagjJAna kahate haiN|' 3. AtmA aura anAtmA kA saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya se rahita jJAna hI samyagjJAna hai / 4 AtmasvarUpa kA jAnanA hI samyagjJAna hai|' samyagjJAna meM "samyak" pada samyagdarzana aura mithyAjJAna meM "mithyA" pada mithyAdarzana kI upasthiti kA sUcaka hai, isalie samyagdRSTi kA sampUrNajJAna samyagjJAna aura mithyAdRSTi kA sampUrNa jJAna mithyAjJAna hai, cAhe usakI laukika jAnakArI satya hI kyoM na ho; parantu AtmAnubhUti ke binA usakA samasta jJAna mithyAjJAna hI kahA jaayegaa| isI prakAra samyagdRSTi kI laukika jAnakArI satya yA asatya kaisI hI kyoM na ho - AtmAnubhUti sahita hone se usakA samasta jJAna samyagjJAna hI mAnA jaayegaa| isa prakAra samyagjJAna eka prakAra se saccA tattvajJAna yA AtmajJAna hI hai| jIvAdi padArthoM kA vizeSakara Atmatattva kA saMzaya, viparyaya aura anadhyavasAya - rahita jJAna hI samyagjJAna hai| laukika padArthoM ke jJAna se isakA koI prayojana nahIM hai| - 1, pArzvapurANa, bhUgharadAsa, adhikAra " pRSTha 85 2. sarvArthasiddhi, pUjyapAda AcArya, adhyAya 1 sUtra 1 kI TIkA 3. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra,samantabhadrAcArya, zloka 42 4. dravyasaMgraha, nemicandrAcArya, gAthA 42 5. AparUpa ko jAnapano, so samyagjJAna kalA hai| chahaDhAlA,paM. daulatarAma,tIsarI DhAla, chanda 2

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370 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : jinAgama meM samyagjJAna kI mahimA kA varNana bahuta upalabdha hotA hai|' sAtha hI AtmajJAna - rahita zAstrajJAna, laukika jJAna evaM vrata Adi kI nirarthakatA ke kathana bhI aneka prakAra se milane haiN|' samyagcAritra - AtmasvarUpa meM lInatA, sthiratA yA ramaNatA hI caritra hai| cAritra kriyA yA AcaraNarUpa hai aura cAritra do prakAra kA hai- sakalacAritra aura deza cAritra / cArita kiriyA rUpa hai so puna duvidha pvitr| eka sakala cAritra hai dutiya deza cAritra / / pApoM kI praNAliyA~ pA~ca haiM- hiMsA, jhUTha corI, kuzIla aura parigraha - inase virati kA nAma bhI cAritra hai| sampUrNa pApoM kA sarvathA tyAga sakala cAritra hai| sakala cAritra kA pAlana munirAja karate haiN| sarva pApoM kA ekadeza yA AMzika tyAga dezacAritra hai aura isakA pAlana gRhastha karate haiM jahA~ sakala sAvadha, sarvathA prihrai| so pUrana cAritra mahAmunivara dharai / 1. (ka) chahaDhAlA-paM. daulatarAma, cauthI DhAla 45,7,8 (kha) nATaka samayasAra - paM. banArasIdAsa, nirjarA dAra chanda 3 tathA 26 2. (ka) kArtikeyAnuprekSA * svAmI kArtikeya, gAthA 464 (kha) aSTapAhur3a (mokSapAhuha) - kundakunda gAthA 100 (TD yogasAra - yogIndudeva, zloka 43 (gha) samAdhizataka - pUjyapAda, zloka 94 (Da) chahaDhAlA - daulatarAma, cauthI dAla, chanda 4 3. (ka) svarUpe caraNaM cAritram' pravacanasAra gAthA 7 kI TIkA amRtacandrAcArya kRta (kha) AparUpa meM lIna bhaye thira samyAcAritra soI' chahaDhAlA, paM.daulatarAma, tIsarI DhAla, chanda 2 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 85 5. hiMsAntacauryamyo maithuna maithunaparipahAbhyAM ca / pApa praNAlikAbhyo viratiH saMjJasya cAritram // ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra - samantabhadrAcArya, zloka 49

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana lezyA tyAga jahu~ hoya, so gRhastha ko dharma, dezacArita vahI / hI pAlai sahI // cAritra hI sAkSAt dharma hai| vaha moha (darzana moha arthAt mithyAtva) aura kSobha (cAritranoha arthAt rAma-dveSa se sAmya AtmA kA pariNAma hai|' cAritra ke pUrva " samyak " pada kA prayoga ajJAnapUrvaka AcaraNa kI nivRtti, ke lie hai / ' ajJAnapUrvaka dhAraNa kiyA huA cAritra samyagvAritra nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai; isIlie samyagjJAna ke bAda hI samyagcAritra kI ArAdhanA karane ko kahA gayA hai|' samyagdarzana ke binA samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra niyamapUrvaka nahIM hote haiN| isalie sampUrNa prayatna se samyagdarzana ke lie puruSArtha karanA cAhie / " - sakalacAritra yA munidharma sakalacAritradhArI munirAja pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti aura tIna gupti isaprakAra teraha prakAra ke cAritra kA pAlana karate haiM / ' bAraha bhAvanAaiM bhAte haiM, bAbIsa parISahoM ko sahate haiM, bAraha prakAra ke tapa tapate haiM aura dazadhamoM kA ArAdhana karate haiN| aTThAbIsa mUlaguNoM kA akhaMDita pAlana karate haiM / ' 371 W 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa adhikAra 9 pRSTha 85 2. cAritraM khalu dhammo dhammo jo so samotti NidiTTho / mohakkhoha vihINI pariNAmo appaNo hu samo // pravacanasAra, kundakundAcArya gAthA 7 3. " ajJAnapUrvakAcAraNanirvRtyartha samyagvizeSam / " sarvArthasiddhi, pUjyapAda, adhyAya 1 sUtra 1 kI TIkA ! 4. na hi samyagvyapadezaM cAritramAnapUrvakaM labhate / jJAnAntaramuktaM cAritrArAdhanaM tasmAt // puruSArthasiddhayupAya, amRtacandrAcArya, zloka 7 5. sammattaM viNA saNNANaM saccAritraM Na hoI niyameNa / rayaNasAra, kundakunda, gAthA 47 6. tatrAdau samyaktvaM samupAzrayaNIyamakhilayalena / tasmin satyeva yato bhavati jJAnaM cAritraM ca / puruSArthasiddhayupAya, amRtacandrAcArya, zloka 21 7. paMca mahAvrata duddhara gharai, samyaka pAMca samiti aadr| tIna gupti pAlai yaha karma, teraha vidhi cArita munidharma // 8. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 9. bAraha vidhi duddhara tapa kareM, dazalAchanI dharma anusArai / par3he aMga pUraba zrutisAra, ekAkI vicarai anagAra // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 3 pRSTha 19

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372 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : pA~ca mahAvrata - __hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha - ye pA~ca pApa haiN| munirAja ko chaha kAya ( pRthvIkAya Adi pA~ca sthAvarakAya aura eka trasakAya) ke jIvoM kA sarvathA ghAta na karane tathA rAga-dveSa, kAma-krodhAdi bhAvoM kI utpatti na hone se ahiMsA mahAvrata hotA hai| sthUla aura sUkSma - donoM prakAra kA jhUTha na bolane se satya mahAvrata, koI bhI vastu, yahA~ taka ki miTTI aura pAnI bhI, binA diye grahaNa nahIM karate haiM; isalie acaurya - mahAvrata, AtmA meM lIna hone aura aAraha hajAra sAla ke bhedoM kA pAlana karane se brahmacarya mahAvrata tathA caudaha prakAra kA aMtaraMga aura dasa prakAra kA bahiraMga parigraha na hone ke kAraNa parigraha tyAga mahAvrata hotA hai| * pA~ca samiti - pramAda yA asAvadhAnI chor3akara cAra hAtha jamIna dekhakara calanA IryA samiti hai| hita-mita-priya, sarva zaMkAoM ko dUra karane vAle aura mithyAtvarUpI roga kA nAza karane vAle vacana bolanA pASA samiti hai| 46 doSoM ko TAlakara ( dUra karake) uttama kula vAle zrAvaka ke ghara zarIra-poSaNa hetu nahIM apitu tapavRddhi ke lie rasoM kA tyAgakara nIrasa bhojana lenA eSaNA samiti hai / pavitratA ke sAdhana kamaNDalu ko, jJAna ke sAdhana zAstra ko evaM saMyama ke sAdhana pIchI ko dekhakara grahaNa karanA aura dekhakara rakhanA AdAna-nikSepaNa samiti hai| mala-mUtra zleSmA Adi zarIra ke maila ko jIvarahita sthAna dekhakara tyAganA vyutsarga yA pratiSThApana samiti hai| munirAja ina pA~coM samitiyoM kA pAlana karate tIna gupti aura pA~ca indriyajaya - AtmA ke dhyAna meM lagane se mana-vacana-kAya kI ceSTAoM kA ruka jAnA kramaza: managupti, vacanagupti aura kAyagupti hai| sparzana, rasanA, ghANa, cakSu aura karNa-ina pA~coM indriyoM ke viSaya zubha (acche) aura azubha (bure) sparza, rasa, gaMdha, varNa aura zabda meM rAga yA dveSa nahIM karanA-pA~ca indriyoM ko jItanA hai| munirAja tIna guptiyoM ko pAlate haiM tathA pA~ca indriyoM ko jItate haiN|

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 373 chaha Avazyaka aura sAta zeSa guNa - munirAja sAmAyaka karate haiM, stuti bolate haiM, jinendra bhagavAna kI vandanA karate haiM, zarIra kI mamatA chor3ate haiM arthAt kAyotsarga karate haiM, tathA svAdhyAya karate haiM - isaprakAra chaha Avazyaka karmoM meM nirata rahate haiN| ve vItarAgI sAdhu kabhI snAna nahIM karate, dA~toM kI saphAI nahIM karate, zarIra ko Dhakane ke lie vastra nahIM rakhate, rAtri ke pichale prahara meM eka karavaTa bhUmi para kucha dera zayana karate haiM, dina meM kevala eka bAra tathA khar3e rahakara apane hAtha meM rakhakara thor3A sA AhAra lete haiM, aura kezaloMca karate haiM - isa prakAra ina sAta anya guNoM kA bhI pAlana karate haiN| munirAja (sAdhu) uparyukta pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, pA~ca indriyajaya, chaha Avazyaka aura sAta zeSa guNa - ina 28 mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karate haiM arthAt ye 28 mUlaguNa sAdhuoM ke Avazyaka lakSaNa haiN| bAraha bhAvanAyeM - anitya, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azuci, Astrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka bodhidurlabha aura dharma - ye bAraha bhAvanAyeM haiN| bhUdharadAsa ne inakA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| isa vivecana meM sthUla aura sUkSma donoM rUpa dRSTigata hote haiN| ina donoM dRSTiyoM se unake dvArA varNita bAraha bhAvanAoM kA svarUpa nimnAMkita anitya bhAvanA - anitya bhAvanA meM eka ora bhUdharadAsa sabhI saMyogoM kA pratinidhi zarIra ko mAnakara usake viyoga arthAt maraNa ko anivArya batalAte hue kahate haiM rAjA rANA chatrapati, hAthina ke asvaar| maranA sabako eka dina, apanI apanI bAra // dUsarI ora ve dravyasvabhAva kI nityatA kA jJAna karAte hue para aura paryAya ko anitya mAnakara tana-dhana Adi sabhI ko kAlarUpI agni kA IMdhana prarUpitta karate haiM1. bhUdharadAsa, pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30

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374 dravya subhAva binA jagamohi, para ye rUpa kachU thira nAhiM / tana dhana Adika dIkhe jeha kAla agani saba IMdhana teh|' azaraNa bhAvanA isI prakAra azaraNa bhAvanA meM eka ora ve kahate haiM ki zarIra kA viyoga hone para koI roka nahIM sakatA arthAt saba azaraNa haiM - dala bala devI devatA mAtA pitA parivAra / maratI biriyA~ jIva ko koI na rAkhanahAra // to dUsarI ora kahate haiM ki saMsAra meM nirantara bhramaNa karate hue jIva ko nizcaya se svayaM tathA vyavahAra se paMca parameSThI zaraNa haiM / mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bhava vara bhramata nirantara jIva, yAhi na koI zarana sadIva | vyohArai parameThI japa nicai zarana Apako Apa / ' - saMsAra bhAvanA sampUrNa saMsAra duHkhI hai, nirdhana dhana ke binA aura dhanavAna tRSNA (adhika saMgraha) kI icchA ke kAraNa duHkhI hai dAma binA nirdhana dukhI, tisnAvaza dhanavAna / kahIM na sukha saMsAra meM, saba jaga dekhyo chAna // sampUrNa saMsAra asAra evaM mokSamArga se viparIta haiM sUra kahAvai jo sira deya / kheta tajai so apayaza leya // isa anusAra jagata kI rIta saba asAra saba hI viparIta // - ekatva bhAvanA jIva akelA utpanna hotA hai aura akelA hI maratA hai, isaprakAra vAstava meM usakA sagA sAthI koI nahIM haiM Apa akelA avatarai, marai akelA hoya / yoM kabahu~ isa jIva kA sAthI sagA na koya // 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra ? pRSTha 64 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 30 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 70 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 300 5. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 64 6. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30 H

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana puNya-pApa ke phala sukha-duHkha ko jIva akelA hI bhogatA hai| usakA tIna loka aura tIna kAla meM koI sAthI nahIM hai tIna kAla isa tribhuvana maahiN| jIva saMghAtI koI nAhi / ekAkI sukha-dukha saba sahai, pApa punya karanI phala lahai / ' anyatva bhAvanA - jahA~ zarIra hI jIva kA nahIM hai, vahA~ anya padArtha usake kaise ho sakate haiM ? dhana-sampatti, strI puruSa Adi parijana pragaTa para haiM / saMsAra meM hone vAle saMyogI bhAva bhI jIva ke svabhAva se bhinna haiM jahA~ deha apanI nahIM, tahA~ na apanA koya | ghara sampatti para pragaTa ye, para haiM parijana loya // ' jitane jaga saMyogI bhAva / ve saba jiyasoM bhinna subhAva / nitasaMgI tana hI para soya / putra sujana para kyoM nahi hoya // azuci bhAvanA yaha zarIra hADa-mAMsa Adi kA ghara hai| isa para camar3e kI cAdara suzobhita hotI hai, vaise isake samAna andara meM koI dUsarA ghRNA kA ghara nahIM haiM " dipai cAma cAdara mar3hI, hAr3a pIMjarA deha / bhItara yA sama jagata meM, aura nahIM ghinageha // 1 375 yaha zarIra azuci haDDI - mAMsa kA piMjar3A hai tathA ghRNA kA ghara camar3e se AveSTita hai | cetana cir3A (pakSI) usameM rahatA hai, vaha jJAna ke binA usameM glAni nahIM karatA hai azuci asthi piMjara tana yeha cAma khasana ber3ho ghinageha | cetana cirA tahA~ jita rahai, so bina jJAna gilAni na gahai // 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra, 7 pRSTha 64 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra, 4 pRSTha 30 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakatA, bhUSaradAsa, adhikAra, 7 pRSTha 64 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra, 4 pRSTha 30 5. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra, 7 pRSTha 64

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376 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : Astrava bhAvanA - moha kI nIMda ke jora se saMsArI hamezA saMsAra meM ghUmatA rahatA hai| karmarUpI cora usakA sarvasva lUTa lete haiM, parantu use kucha bhI dhyAna nahIM rahatA hai moha nIMda ke jora, jagavAsI ghUmai sdaa| karmacora cahu~ ora, saravasa lUTai suthi nhiiN||' mithyAtva, avirati, kaSAya aura yoga - ye Astrava ke kAraNa haiM / Astrava karmabaMdha kA kAraNa hai aura bandha cAra gati ke duHkhoM ko dene vAlA hai mithyA avirata joga kaSAya / ye AsAvakArana smudaay|| Askhava karmabaMdha ko het| baMtha caturagati ke dukha det||' saMvara bhAvanA - sadgura ke gAne para jaba moha rUpI nIMda kA upazama hotA hai, taba kucha upAya ( samyagdarzana-jJAna-cAritra ) se karmarUpI coroM kA AnA rukatA hai sataguru dehi jagAya, moha nIMda jaba upshmai| taba kachu banai upAya, karmacora Avata ruke / ' samiti gupti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISaha-sahana evaM saMyama (cAritra ) - ye saMvara ke nirdoSa kAraNa haiN| saMvara karane vAle ko mokSa prApta hotA hai samiti gupti anupehA dhrm| sahana parISaha saMjama parma / / ye saMvara kArana nidoSa / saMvara karai jIva ko mokha / / nirjarA bhAvanA - jJAnarUpI dIpaka meM taparUpI tela bharakara prama ko chor3akara apane nija ghara ko khojeM, jisase pUrva meM baiThe kamarUrupI cora nikala jAte haiM jJAna dIpa tala sela pari, ghara sodhai bhrama chor| yA vidhi vina nikasaiM nahIM, paiThe pUraba cora / / . 1. pAvapurANa, kalakattA, dharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakatA, pUSaradAsa, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 64 3. pArvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 64 5. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 377 tapa ke bala se pUrva karmoM kA khira jAnA aura jJAna ke bala se naye karmoM kA na AnA, yahI sukha dene vAlI nirjarA hai| yaha nirjarA saMsAra ke kAraNoM se pAra karane vAlI, nizcaya karanA cAhie nAhiM // niradhAra // loka bhAvanA - caudaha rAjU UMce puruSa ke AkAra vAle loka meM jIva binA jJAna ke anAdikAla se bhaTaka rahA hai tapa bala pUrva karma jAhi yahI nirjarA sukhadAtAra / bhavakArana tArana caudaha rAjU utaMga natha, loka puruSa saMThAna / tAmaiM jIva anAdisauM bharamata hai bina jJAna / kamara para hAtha rakhe puruSa ke AkAra rUpa svayaM siddha tIna loka meM jIva anAdi se bhramaNa kara rahA hai aura yahA~ use samyagdarzana ke binA mokSa prApta nahIM hotA hai kadi kara gharaiM puruSa saMThAna / svayaM siddha tribhuvana thita jAna / bhramata anAdi AtamA jahA~ samakita bina ziva hoya na tahA~ / / " dharma bhAvanA kalpavRkSa yAcanA karane para kucha detA hai, cintAmaNi cintana karane para kucha detA hai; jabaki dharma binA mA~ge, binA cintana kiye saba kucha detA hai - jA surataru dehi sukha, cintata cintA raina / bina jArauM bina citaveM, dharma sakala sukha daina // uttama kSamAdi daza aMga rUpa dharma durlabha hai, vaha jIva ko sukha dene vAlA tathA sahagAmI hai| vaha durgati meM girate hue jIva kA hAtha pakar3a letA hai aura svarga aura mokSa sthAna pradAna karatA hai / 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 64 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 64 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30

Page #410
378 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: durlabha dharma dazAMga pvitt| sukhadAyaka sahagAmI nitt| durgati parata yahI kara gahai / deya suraga zivazcAnaka yahai / / bodhidurlabha bhAvanA - dhana-sampatti, rAjya-sukha Adi saba kucha sulabha hai; parantu saMsAra meM eka yathArthajJAna samyagjJAna durlabha hai| saMsAra ke sabhI sukha yahA~ taka ki nau greveyaka taka ke sukha jIva ko sulabha haiN| eka mAtra saMsAra ke duHkha evaM dAridraya ko miTAne vAlA jJAnarUpI ratna durlabha hai ghana kana kaMcana rAja sukha, sabai sulabha kari jAna / durlabha hai saMsAra meM, eka athAratha jJAna / ' sulabha jIva ko saba sukha sadA / nau grIvaka tAMI saMpadA / bodharatana durlabha sNsaar| bhavadaridra dukha meTanahAra / ' ye bAraha bhAvanAe~ mAne se jIva ko saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM se vairAgya utpanna hotA hai tathA inakI asAratA kA jJAna hotA hai|' dasadharma - uttama kSamA, uttama mArdava, uttama Arjava, uttama satya, uttama zauca, uttama saMyama, uttama tapa, uttama tyAga, uttama AkiMcana aura uttama brahmacarya ina dasadharmoM kA pAlana munirAja hamezA karate haiN| uttama kSamA - binA doSa ke durjana duHkha dete haiM, samartha hokara bhI jo saba duHkhoM ko saha letA hai| jahA~ krodha kaSAya utpanna nahIM hotI hai, vahA~ uttama kSamA dharma kahalAtA hai| uttama mArdava - ATha prakAra ke anupama mahAmada ko utpanna karane vAlI sthiti hone para bhI jo abhimAnarahita mRdurUpa vartate haiM / jahA~ mAna kaSAya utpanna nahIM hotI hai, vahA~ uttama mArdava dharma hotA hai|" 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUgharadAsa, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 6A 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, dharadAsa,adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 64 4. ye daza doya bhAvanA bhAya,diDha vairAgI bhaye jinarAya / deha bhoga saMsAra sarupa, saba asAra jAnau bagabhUpa / / vahI, adhikAra ?, pRSTha 64 5. pArzvapurANa, kalakacA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 35 6. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 35

Page #411
eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 39 uttama Arjava - jo mana meM socatA hai, vahI mu~ha se kahatA hai, vahI zarIra se kArya karatA hai| jisake hRdaya meM mAyAcAra nahIM hotA hai; usake uttama Arjaka dharma hotA hai arthAt mAyAcAra kA na honA uttama Arjava dharma hai|' ___ uttama satya - jo sva-para ke hita karane vAle satyarUpa amRta kI taraha vacana bolate haiM / bhUlakara bhI jhUTha vacana nahIM bolanA, satya hai / vaha satya dharmarupI vRkSa kA mUla hai| uttama zauca - jo parastrI aura paradhana se chala chor3akara vAstava meM virakta hotA hai| jisakA hRdaya sarvAMga rUpa se zuddha hotA hai, usako uttama zauca dharma kahate haiN| uttama saMyama - jo mana sahita pA~coM indriyoM ko vaza meM rakhatA hai, unheM raMcamAtra zithila nahIM hone detA hai / trasa aura sthAvara jIvoM kI rakSA karatA hai, usake uttama saMyama dharma hotA hai|' uttama tapa - khyAti, lAbha, pUjAdi kI bhAvanA chor3akara pA~ca indriyoM ko daNDita karanA - vaha anazana Adi bAraha prakAra kA jagata meM sArarUpa tapadharma kahA gayA hai| uttama tyAga - saMyama kA pAlana karane vAle, vratiyoM meM pradhAna munirAja ko cAra prakAra kA uttama dAna denA tathA duSTa ( bure) vikalpoM ko tyAga karanA bahuta prakAra se sukha dene vAlA tyAga dharma hai| uttama AkiMcana - bAhara meM bAhya parigraha kA tyAga aura aMtaraMga meM mamatva kA abhAva uttama AkiMcana dharma hai| yaha vAstava meM zivapada dene vAlA uttama brahmacarya - bar3I strI ko mAtA ke samAna, choTI ko putrI ke samAna aura samAnavaya vAlI ko bahana ke samAna mAnate hue jahA~ mana vikAra rahita vartatA hai, use pUrNa arthAt uttama brahmacarya dharma kahate haiN| 1, pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 35 2. se 8. taka pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 35

Page #412
380 mahAkavi mudharadAsa : -: bAbIsa parISaha :kSudhA, pipAsA, zIta, uSNa, daMza mazaka, nagnatA, arati, strI, caryA, niSadyA, zayyA, Akroza, vadha, yAcanA, alAbha, roga, tRNa-sparza, mala, satkAra-puraskAra, prajJA, ajJAna aura adarzana - ye bAbIsa parISaha haiN|' munirAja ina bAbIsa parISahoM ko samatAbhAvapUrvaka sahana karate haiM / yahI unakA parISahajaya kahalAtA hai| __ bhUdharadAsa ne uparyukta bAbIsa parISahoM kA atihadayagrAhI, mArmika evaM maulika varNana kiyA hai| isa varNana meM unhoMne eka ora parISahoM kA svarUpa batalAyA hai tathA dUsarI ora ina parISahoM ko sahane vAle munirAjoM kI stuti kI hai, guNAnuvAda gAyA hai / parISahajayI munirAjoM ke prati bhakti pradarzita kI hai| bhUdharadAsa ke anusAra 22 parISahoM kA varNana nimnalikhita hai kSudhA parISaha ( bhUkha kI bAdhA sahanA) - anazana, Unodara Adi tapa karate hue dina, pakSa, mahIne vyatIta ho jAte haiN| yogya AhAra kI vidhi kA yoga nahIM bana pAtA hai| sampUrNa zarIra ke aMga zithila ho jAte haiM, phira bhI sAdhu dussaha bhUkha kI vedanA ko sahana karate haiN| raMca mAtra bhI jhukate nahIM haiM arthAt dInatA nahIM dikhAte haiN| aise sAdhu ke caraNoM meM hama pratidina hAtha jor3akara sira jhukAte haiN| pipAsA parISaha ( pyAsa kI bAdhA sahanA ) - prakRti ke viruddha pAraNA hone para pyAsa kI vedanA bar3ha jAtI hai / grISma kAla meM jaba pitta kAphI pIr3ita karatA hai, taba donoM A~kheM dhUmane lagatI haiM; aise samaya meM munirAja pAnI nahIM cAhate haiM, usa pyAsa kI vedanA ko sahana karate haiN| aise munirAja jagata meM jayavantava" / __zIta parISaha ( ThaNDa kI bAdhA sahanA ) * zItakAla meM saba loga kA~pane lagate haiM ! jahA~ vana meM vRkSa khar3e rahate haiM, vahA~ ThaNDI havA se vRkSa jhuka 1. tatvArthasUtra, umAsvAmI, adhyAya 9 sUtra 9 tathA pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 32 2. pAvapurANa, kalakatA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 32 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pUgharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 32

Page #413
eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 381 jAte haiN| varSA Rtu meM tUphAnI havA bahatI hai, bAdala tIvra varSA karate haiN| aise samaya meM vIra munirAja nadI ke kinAre, tAlAba ke kinAre, caurAhe para karmoM kA dahana karate haiN| jo munirAja zIta kI bAdhA sahate haiM; ve tAraNa-tAraNa kahalAte - uSNa parISaha ( garmI kI bAdhA sahanA ) * bhUkha pyAsa Adi aMtaraMga meM pIr3ita karate haiM, sampUrNa zarIra dagdha hotA hai, agnisvarUpa grISmakAla kI dhUpa garma reta kI taraha jhalasAne lagatI hai, parvata garma ho jAte haiM, zarIra meM garmI utpanna ho jAtI hai, pitta kopa karatA hai, dAha jvara utpanna ho jAtA hai - ityAdi aneka prakAra kI garmI kI bAdhA sAdhu sahate haiM aura dhairya nahIM chor3ate - daMzamazaka parISaha ( maccharoM Adi ke kATane kI bAdhA sahanA) - macchara aura makkhI kATate haiM, vana pakSI aneka prakAra se duHkha dete haiM, viSaile sarpa aura bicchU Dasate haiM, bahuta se kanakhajUre cipaka jAte haiM, siMha, siyAra, hAthI satAte haiM; rIcha bhAlU, rojha Adi bahuta duHkha dete haiN| aise aneka kaSToM ko samabhAvoM se sahane vAle ve munirAja hamAre (mere) pApoM ko dUra kreN| nagna parISaha ( nagnatA kI bAdhA sahanA ) - aMtaraMga meM viSaya vAsanA vartana se aura bAhara meM loka-lAja ke bhaya se dIna saMsArI prANI parama digambara nagna mudrA dhAraNa nahIM kara sakate hai; parantu zIlavatadhArI sAdhu aisI kaThora nagna parISaha ko sahate haiM aura bAlakavat nirvikAra aura nirbhaya rahate haiN| una munirAja ke caraNoM meM hamArA namaskAra ho| arati parISaha ( arati ke kAraNoM ko sahanA ) - deza aura kAla kA kAraNa pAkara aneka prakAra ke duHkha hote haiM, vahA~ saMsArI prANI duHkhI hote haiM aura sthiratA chor3a dete haiN| arati parISaha ke utpanna hone para dhIra munirAja hRdaya meM dhairya dhAraNa karate haiN| dhairyazIla ve sAdhu hamAre hRdaya meM nirantara vAsa kreN| ___ svI parISaha ( strI ko dekhakara kAma vikAra na hone denA ) . jo vanarAja siMha ko pakar3a lete haiM, sarpa ko pakar3akara paira se dabA lete haiM, jinakI - - - 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 32 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 32 3 se 5. pArvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 33

Page #414
382 - mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : jarA sI bhauMha Ter3hI hone para karor3oM zUravIra dInatA dikhAne lagate haiM, aise pahAr3a ur3Ane vAle puruSa, strI-vedarUpI havA se svayaM ur3a jAte haiM arthAt strI ke sAmane dInatA dikhAne lagate haiM, strI ke prati mohita ho jAte haiM / ve sAhasI sAdhu dhanya haiM ! dhanya hai ! jinakA manarUpI sumerU strI ko dekhakara DigatA nahIM hai|' caryA parISaha ( gamana karane meM thakAvaTa kI tarapha dhyAna na denA) - komala paira kaThora pRthvI para rakhate hue ve dhIra munirAja kaSTa nahIM mAnate haiN| hAthI, ghor3A pAlakI para car3he hue logoM dvArA apazabda kahe jAne para apamAnita hone para hRdaya meM du:kha nahIM mAnate haiM / isaprakAra munirAja caryA ke dukha sahana karate haiM aura dRr3ha karmarUpI parvatoM ko bhedate haiN| niSadyA parISaha ( jisa Asana se baiThanA usase calAyamAna nahIM honA ). * munirAja guphA, zmazAna, parvata, vRkSa kI koTara Adi jahA~ baiThate haiM vahA~ bhUmi ko zuddha karake baThate haiN| parimita samaya nizcala zarIra rakhate haiM, bAra-bAra Asana nahIM badalate haiN| manuSya, deva, pazu aura anya acetana dravyoM dvArA upasarga kiye jAne para sthAna nahIM chor3ate haiM aura sthiratA dhAraNa karate haiN| aise guru sadaiva mere hRdaya meM virAjamAna hoveN|' zayyA ( zayana) parISaha ( bhUmi para sone se kaMkar3a Adi cubhane kA duHkha sahanA) - jo mahAna puruSa svarga ke mahaloM meM sundara seja para sokara sukha pAte the, ve hI komala aMgoM vAle aba acala hokara eka Asana se kaThora mUmi para zayana karate haiN| patthara ke Tukar3e, kaThora kaMkar3a Adi cubhane para kAyara nahIM hote haiN| aise zayyA yA zayana parISaha jItane vAle munirAja karmarUpI kAlimA ko dhote haiN| Akroza parISaha yA durvacana parISaha - ( ajJAniyoM ke dvArA kahe gaye kaThora vacanoM kA sahanA) - jitane jagata meM carAcara jIva haiM, munirAja una sabako sukha dene vAle tathA sabakA hita cAhane vAle haiM / munirAja ko dekhakara duSTa loga - "pAkhaNDI" "Thaga" "abhimAnI" "bheSa tapasvI kA hai parantu vAstava meM cora hai" "isa pApI ko pakar3akara mAro" - ityAdi durvacana kahate haiN| ve jJAnI munirAja aise vacanarUpI bANoM kI varSA ko kSamArUpI dAla or3hakara sahana karate 1. se 5. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 33

Page #415
eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana badha parISaha ( ajJAniyoM dvArA kiye gaye badha Adi ke dukhoM ko sahanA) - mahA munirAja vairarahita aura aparAdharahita hote haiN| unako duSTa loga milakara mAreM, koI khIMcakara khambhe se bA~dha deM, koI agni meM jalA de, phira ve kabhI krodha nahIM karate haiM aura pUrva karma ke phala kA vicAra karate haiN| samartha hokara bhI badha-baMdhana sahana karate haiN| aise guru hamezA hamArI sahAyatA kreN| yAcanA parISaha AhArAdi kI yAcanA na karanA ) - tapasvI vIra munirAja ghora tapa karate haiN| tapa karate hae unakA zarIra sakha jAtA hai, kSINa ho jAtA hai, haDDiyA~ tathA carma hI zarIra meM zeSa rahate haiM, nasAjAla dikhAI dene lagatA hai| ve auSadhi bhojana, pAna Adi prANa jAne para bhI mA~gate nahIM haiN| kaThora ayAcIka vrata karate haiM aura pazcAtApa kara dharma ko mAlina nahIM karate alAbha parISaha ( vidhi ke anusAra bhojana na milane para duHkha na mAnanA) - munirAja eka bAra bhojana ke samaya mauna lekara bastI meM bhojana ke nimitta Ate haiN| yadi yogya bhikSA kI vidhi (AhAra kI vidhi) nahIM mila pAtI hai to ve mahApuruSa mana meM kheda nahIM karate haiN| bhojana ke binA bhramaNa karate hue bahuta dina bIta jAte haiN| phira bhI ve kaThora tapa karate hue vizada bAraha bhAvanAe~ bhAte hue kaThina alAbha ke parISaha ko sahana karate haiM tathA mokSa prApta karate haiN|' roga parISaha ( zarIra meM roma Adi hone para upacAra na karAnA) - jaba zarIra meM vAta, pitta, kapha zoNita ke ghaTane- bar3hane se roga, saMjoga Adi utpanna ho jAte haiM, taba jagata ke jIva kAyara ho jAte haiM; parantu zUravIra munirAja dAruNa vyAdhi kI vedanA ko sahate haiM aura upacAra nahIM cAhate haiM, upacAra nahIM karavAte haiN| aise AtmA ke lIna rahane vAle aura zarIra se virakta rahane vAle jaina muni jinendra ke dvArA kahe gaye niyamoM kA nirvAha karate haiN|' tRNa-sparza parISaha ( tinake, kA~Te Adi cubhane para unheM na haTAnA) - sUkhe tinake, tIkSNa kA~Te aura kaThora patthara paira vidAraNa kara dete haiM, dhUla ur3akara A~khoM meM A jAtI hai, tIra yA phA~sa zarIra meM pIr3A utpanna karatI 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 33 2 4 3 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 33 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 33-34

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mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : hai; parantu phira bhI munirAja dUsare kI sahAyatA nahIM cAhate haiM arthAt dUsare se nahIM nikalavAte haiM aura svayaM apane hAtha se bhI nahIM nikAlate haiN| isaprakAra tRNa sparza parISaha ko jItane vAle ve munirAja bhava bhava meM hamAre zaraNa hoveM / ' 384 mala parISaha ( zarIra malina hone para use sahana karanA ) jIvana paryanta jala se snAna kA tyAga karane vAle munirAja vana meM nagnarUpa meM khar3e rahate haiM / calate samaya dhUpa se pasInA bahatA hai, dhUla ur3akara saba aMgoM para laga jAtI hai, zarIra malina ho jAtA hai / sampUrNa zarIra ko dekhakara munirAja mana meM malina bhAva nahIM karate haiM / isaprakAra malajanita parISaha ko jItane vAle munirAja ko hama sira jhukAkara praNAma karate haiN| 2 - satkAra - puraskAra parISaha ( vinaya satkAra Adi na karane para kheda na mAnanA ) * jo munirAja mahatI vidyA ke nidhAna, jJAna-jayI, ciratapasvI, atula guNoM ke bhaMDAra hai; parantu jinakI loga vacana se vinaya nahIM karate haiM tathA kAyA se praNAma nahIM karate haiM, phira bhI munirAja vahA~ kheda nahIM mAnate haiM tathA hRdaya meM malinatA nahIM Ane dete haiM; aise parama sAdhu ke hama dina-rAta hAtha jor3akara paira par3ate haiN| prajJA - parISaha ( vizeSa jJAna hone para bhI abhimAna na karanA) jo tarka chanda, vyAkaraNa Adi kalAoM ke nidhAna haiN| jo Agama, alaMkAra Adi ke jJAtA haiM / jisaprakAra siMha kI garjanA sunakara vana ke hAthI bhaya mAnakara bhAgate haiM, usI prakAra jinakI sumati dekhakara paravAdI duHkhI evaM lajjita hote haiN| aise mahAbuddhi ke bhAjana hone para bhI munirAja raMcamAtra bhI abhimAna nahIM karate haiN| ajJAna parISaha ( vizeSa jJAna na hone para yA jJAna ko hInatA hone para duHkha na mAnanA) jo dina-rAta apane Apa meM sAvadhAna haiM, saMyama meM zUra haiM, parama vairAgI haiM, jinako guptiyA~ pAlate hue bahuta dina ho gaye haiM / jo sampUrNa parigraha evaM mamatA ke tyAgI haiN| " abhI taka mujhe vizeSajJAna avadhijJAna yA manaH paryajJAna yA kevalajJAna nahIM huA hai"- aisA vikalpa jo tapasvI munirAja nahIM karate haiM, ve ajJAna para vijaya pAne vAle bar3e bhAgyavAna haiM / ' - 1. se 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 33 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 34 5. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 34

Page #417
385 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana adarzana parISaha - ( Rddhi Adi pAne kI icchA na karanA ) - "maiM bahuta samaya se ghora tapa kara rahA hU~, parantu abhI taka mujhe Di. atizaya Adi utpanna nahIM huA hai / tapa kA bala, Rddhi Adi siddha hone para saba sunate haiM, mahatva dete haiM, parantu mere pAsa vaha jhUThA-sA laga rahA hai arthAt mere pAsa vaha tapa kA bala, Rddhi Adi nahIM hai / " isaprakAra munirAja kabhI nahIM socate haiM tathA zuddha samyaktva va zAntarasa meM lIna rahate haiM - aise sAdhu adarzana parISaha ko jItane vAle haiM / unake darzana karane se pAsa jAgA hai| jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke udaya se prajJA aura ajJAna parISaha hote haiM / mahAmoha arthAt darzanamohanIya karma ke udaya se adarzana parISaha tathA antarAya karma ke udaya se alAbha parISaha hote haiN| cAritramohanIya karma ke udaya se nagna, arati, strI, niSadyA, Akroza yAcanA.aura satkAra-puraskAra- ye sAta parISaha hote haiN| vedanIya karma ke udaya se zeSa gyAraha kSudhA, tRSA, zIta, uSNa, daMzamazaka, caryA, zaiyyA, vadha, roga, tRNa, sparza aura mala parISaha hote haiM / eka munirAja ke sAtha adhika se adhika unnIsa parISahoM kA udaya ho sakatA hai| Asana (niSadyA), zayana (zayyA) vihAra (caryA )- ina tInoM meM se eka samaya meM eka hI ho sakatA hai| zIta aura uSNa meM bhI eka samaya meM eka hI ho sakatA hai / isaprakAra ye tIna parISaha eka sAtha nahIM hotI haiN|' bAraha tapa - anazana, avamodarya ( Unodara) - vrataparisaMkhyAna, rasaparityAga, viviktazayyAsana aura kAyakleza-ye chaha bAhyatapa haiM / prAyazcita, vinaya vaiyAvRtya, svAdhyAya, vyutsarga aura dhyAna - ye chaha aMtaraMga tapa haiN| munirAja ina bAraha tapoM ko tapate haiN| tapa karane se zubhadhyAna hotA hai tathA inake sevana karane se nirvANapada prApta hotA hai| tIna loka aura tIna kAla meM tapa ke binA karmoM kA nAza kabhI nahIM hotA hai| anazana - eka dina se lekara varSoM taka jisase jitanA tyAga ho sake, cAra prakAra ke { khAdya, svAdha leha, peya ) bhojana kA tyAga karanA anazana hai| yaha rAgarUpI roga ko dUra karane kA upAya jinendra bhagavAna ne kahA hai| 1 se 3 pArzva purANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 34 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 30 5. se 7. pAcapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 31

Page #418
38 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : avamodarya ( Unodara) - bhUkha se tIna cauthAI, AdhA, cauthAI, usase bhI AdhA, eka grAma athavA eka kaNa bhI kama khAnA avamodarya ( Unodara ) hai| yaha Alasya ko dUra karane vAlA hai|' taparisaMkhyAmA - jasaprakAra kI pratijJA bhojana grahaNa karane ke pahale kara lI.jAtI hai, vaisI pratijJA milane para hI bhojana grahaNa karanA arthAt vizeSa pratijJApUrvaka bhojana lenA vrataparisaMkhyAna hai| yaha AzArUpI vyAdhi ko dUra karane vAlA hai| rasaparityAga - mIThA, khArA Adi rasoM ko chor3akara nIrasa bhojana lenA, rasaparityAga hai / yaha indriyoM ke mada ko nAza karane vAlA niyama hai| viviktazayyAsana * zUnyagRha, parvata, guphA, zmazAna, puruSa-strI-napusaMka se rahita anya koI sthAna meM sonA, uThanA, baiThanA Adi viviktazaiyyAsana hai| yaha dhyAna kI siddhi kA kAraNa hai| kAyakleza - munirAja garmI ke samaya parvata ke zikhara para, varSA ke samaya vRkSa ke nIce tathA zItakAla meM nadI ke kinAre para virAjate haiM, yaha kAyakleza hai / isa tapa ko karane se muni sahanazIla hote haiN|' isaprakAra ye chaha bahiraMga tapa haiM 1 chaha aMtaraMga tapoM kA svarUpa nimnalikhita prAyazcita - pramAdavaza lage hue doSoM kA AcArya ke kahe anusAra zodhakara chor3anA prAyazcita tapa hai| vinaya - jo darzana-jJAna cAritravAna sAdhu guNoM meM adhika haiM, unakI vinaya karanA sukha dene vAlA vinaya tapa hai|' vaiyAvRtya - jo bAla, vRddha rogAdi se pIr3ita muni haiM, apane saMyama kA pAlana karate hue bhI unakI sevA karanA AgamAnusAra vaiyAvRtya hai|' svAdhyAya * zakti ke anusAra sampUrNa guNoM ke sthAnabhUta paramAgama kA abhyAsa paramottama svAdhyAya tapa hai / isase sabhI saMzaya miTa jAte haiN|' --- - --.- - .... 1. se 9. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUgharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 31

Page #419
eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 387 vyutsarga - apane zarIra kI mamatA ko dUra kara kAryoMtsarga mudrA dhAraNa karanA tathA aMtaraMga bahiraMga parigraha kA tyAga karanA vyutsarga nAma kA tapa hai|' dhyAna - sabhI cintAoM kA nirodha karake eka vastu meM citta kA sthira ho jAnA, jinAgama meM dhyAna kahA gayA hai| Arta-raudra dhyAna ko chor3akara dharma-zukla dhyAna ko dhyAnA caahie| isaprakAra dhIsvIra mahAmuni ina bAraha prakAra ke kaThora tapoM kA AcaraNa karate haiN| solahakAraNa bhAvanAyeM :darzanavizuddhi, vinayasampannatA, zIla aura vratoM meM atIcAra na lagAnA, abhIkSNajJAnopayoga, saMvega, yathAzakti-tyAga, yathAzakti-tapa, sAdhu-samAdhi, vaiyAvRtti, arhat-bhakti, AcAryabhakti, bahuzrutabhakti, pravacanabhakti, Avazyaka aparihANi, mArgabhAvanA aura pravacana-vAtsalya - ina solaha bhAvanAoM se "tIrthakara" nAma karma kI prakRti kA AstrakbaMdha hotA hai|' inakA vivecana nimnAMkita hai darzanavizuddhi - ATha zaMkAdi doSa, ATha mada, chaha anAyatana aura tIna mUr3hatA - ina paccIsa malarahita samyaktva kA honA darzanavizuddhi kahalAtI hai| vinaya sampannatA - darzana, jJAna cAritra ke samudAyarUpa ratnatraya ke dhArI munirAja ke prati vinaya karanA, dUsarI pivatra vinaya sampannatA bhAvanA hai|' zIla-vratoM meM anaticAra - aThAraha hajAra aMga sahita zIla kA evaM vratoM kA pAlana karanA tathA unake pAlana meM atIcAra na lagAnA, tIsarI zIlavratoM meM anaticAra bhAvanA hai| 1. se 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 33 3. tatvArthasUtra, umAsvAmI, adhyAya 6 sUtra 24 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakacA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 33 5. pArSapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 35 6. pAvapurANa, kalakasA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 35

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388 mahAkaSi bhUdharadAsa : abhIkSNajJAnopayoga - apanI buddhi evaM zakti ke anusAra Agama ke kahe gaye artha ko avadhAraNa karanA tathA nirantara jJAna kA abhyAsa karanA, cauthI abhIkSNajJAnopayoga bhAvanA hai / ___ saMvega - dharma evaM dharma ke phala meM vizeSa prIti evaM saMsAra se bhayabhItapanA, jinAgama ke anusAra pA~cavI saMvega bhAvanA hai| . yathAzakti tyAga - auSadhi abhaya, jJAna aura AhAra - ina cAra prakAra ke mahAdAnoM ko zakti ke anusAra denA, chaThavIM yathAzakti tyAga bhAvanA hai|' yathAzakti tapa * anazana Adi bAraha prakAra ke mukti dene vAle uttama tapoM ko zakti ke anusAra karanA, sAtavIM yathAzakti tapa bhAvanA hai|' sAdhu-samAdhi - yati varga arthAt munirAjoM ko kisI kAraNa se vighna Ane para sahAyatA karanA, sAdhu-samAdhi nAmaka AThavIM bhAvanA haiN|' vaiyAvRtya - jinAgama meM kahe gaye dasa prakAra ke sAdhuoM kA jinamArga meM pIr3ita yA rogI dekhakara unakI sevA satkAra karanA, nauvIM vaiyAvRtya bhAvanA __ arhadbhakti - paramapUjya ananta catuSTayavanta arahanta AtmAoM ke prati stuti, vinaya, pUjA Adi kA bhAva, dasavIM arhad bhakti bhAvanA hai|' AcArya bhakti - jinavara dvArA kahe gaye arthoM kA avadhAraNa karake aneka prakAra ke granthoM kI racanA karane vAle AcAryoM kI bhakti karanA, gyArahavIM AcArya bhakti bhAvanA hai| bahuzruta bhakti - jo vidyA dene vAle, vidyA meM lIna rahane vAle, guNoM meM pradhAna, pAThakoM meM pravINa haiM, unake caraNoM meM hamezA citta rakhanA arthAt unakI bhakti karanA, bahuzruta bhakti nAmaka bArahavIM bhAvanA hai|' pravacana bhakti - bhagavAna sarvajJa deva dvArA kahe gaye anupama arthoM aura gaNadhara dvArA gUMthe hue graMthoM ke prati pavitra bhakti kA honA, pravacana bhakti nAmaka terahavIM bhAvanA hai| 1 se 10. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUgharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 3

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana Avazyaka - aparihANi sAvadhAnIpUrvaka sthiti se pavitra caudahavIM Avazyaka aparihANi bhAvanA hai| - 389 SaTa Avazyaka kriyAoM ko sadaiva unakI hAni karanA, parama mArga prabhAvanA - japa, tapa, pUjA, vratAdi karake jinadharma ke prabhAva ko prakaTa karanA, pandrahavIM mArga prabhAvanA nAmaka bhAvanA hai| 2 pravacana vAtsalya - cAra prakAra ke saMgha -- muni, AryikA zrAcaka, zrAvikA ke prati gAya kI bachar3e se prIti kI taraha prema rakhanA pravacana, vAtsalya nAma kI sabako sukha dene vAlI solahavIM bhAvanA hai| 3 solahakAraNa bhAvanAyeM parama puNya kA sAdhana haiN| ye pRthaka-pRthaka evaM saba eka sAtha tIrthaMkara pada kA kAraNa haiM / tIrthaMkara pada kA baMdha mithyAtva avasthA meM nahIM hotA hai| isakA baMdha samyaktva meM hI hotA hai| jo munirAja pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti rUpa teraha prakAra ke cAritra' kA pAlana karate hue bAraha bhAvanAyeM bhAte haiM, bAbIsa parISahoM ko sahate haiM, bAraha prakAra ke tapa tapate haiM, dazadharmoM kA pAlana karate haiM tathA solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM kA cintana karate haiM ve tIrthaMkara prakRti kA bandha karate haiM / ' 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 36 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 36 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 36 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 36 5. paMca mahAvrata duddhara gharai, samyaka pA~ca samiti AdareM / khIna gupti pArle yaha karma, teraha vidhi cArita muni dharma // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUSaradAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 6. bAraha vidhi dura tapa karai, dazalAghanI dharma anusarai / pArzvapurANa kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 3, pRSTha 19 7. (ka) solahakAraNa bhAvanA, parama punya kA kheta / bhinna bhinna aru solahoM, tIrthaMkara pada deta // pArzvapurANa, kalakacA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 36 (kha) solaha karana ye bhavatAra, sumarata pAvana hoya diyo / bhAveM zrI Ananda mahAmuni, tIrthaMkara pada baMdha kiyo // pArzvapurANa, kalakacA, bhUSaradAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 36

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390 mahAkavi bhUgharadAsa : tIrthakara prakRti kA bandha karane vAle munirAja kAyA aura kaSAya ko kRza (kSINa) karate hue saMyamarUpI guNa kA pAlana karate haiM / tapa ke bala se aneka RddhayA~ utpanna ho jAtI hai / rAga-dveSa kA nAza ho jAtA hai| jahA~ vana meM ve munirAja tapa karate haiM, vahA~ sabakI vipatti Tala jAtI hai; sUkhe-sarovara pAnI se bhara jAte haiM, saba Rtu ke phala phUla phalane lagate haiM; haMsa, sarpa, mora, vilAba, siMha Adi jAtivirodhI jIva vaira chor3akara Apasa meM prema karane lagate haiN| ve munirAja samatArUpI ratha para savAra hokara mokSarUpI patha para gamana karate haiN| unake guNoM ke sambandha meM pUdharadAsajI kA kathana hai - sohe sAdhu bar3e samatAratha, paramAratha patha gamana kreN| zivapura pahuMcana kI ura vAMchA, aura na kachu cita cAha dharai / / deha virakta mamatva binA muni sabasoM maitrI bhAva bhai| astama lona adIna anAkula, guna varanata nahi pAra lahai / ' dezacAritra yA gRhastha dharma : samyagcAritra ke varNana meM yaha bAta spaSTa kI gaI hai ki samyagdarzanapUrvaka hI samyagcAritra hotA hai, samyagdarzana ke binA samyagcAritra nahIM hotA hai / ata: jise samyagdarzana ho gayA hai aisA samyagdaSTi - samyagjJAnI jIva rAga-dveSa kI nivRtti ke lie samyagcAritra aMgIkAra karatA hai| jahA~ munirAja anantAnubandhI, apratyAkhyAnAvaraNI, evaM pratyAkhyAnAvaraNI kaSAya ke abhAva meM antaraMga meM sakala cAritrarUpa Atmazuddhi (vItarAgatA) prakaTa karake bAhya meM 28 mUlaguNarUpa vratoM kA pAlana karate haiM, vahA~ samyagdRSTi gRhastha anantAnubandhI evaM apratyAkhyAnAvaraNI kaSAya ke abhAva meM antaraMga meM dezacAritrarUpa Atmazuddhi (vItarAgatA) prakaTa karake bAhya meM hiMsAdi pA~ca pApoM ke ekadezatyAgarUpa pA~ca aNuvrata, aNuvratoM ke rakSaNa aura abhivRddhirUpa tIna guNavrata evaM mahAvratoM ke abhyAsarUpa cAra zikSAvrata - ina bAraha vratoM kA pAlana karatA hai / samyagdRSTi gRhastha kA AcAra eka prakAra se muni-AcAra kI nIMvarUpa hotA hai; usI ke AdhAra para muniAcAra 142. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4 pRSTha 37 3. mohatimirApaharaNe darzanalAbhAdavAptasaMjhAnaH / / rAgadveSanivRtye caraNaM pratipadyate sAdhu : // ralakANDazrAvakAcAra,samantabhadrAcArya,zloka 47

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 391 kA bhavya prAsAda khar3A hotA hai| ata: saccA gRhastha muni banane kI bhAvanApUrvaka gRhasthadharma kA pAlana karatA hai| jaina gRhastha ke ATha mUlaguNa hote haiM - hiMsAdi pA~ca pApoM ke ekadeza tyAga se hone vAle ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha kA ekadeza pAlana tathA madya, mAMsa, madhu kA sarvathA tyaag| uttarakAla meM ATha mUlaguNoM meM pA~ca aNuvratoM ke sthAna para pA~ca kSIriphala yA udumbara phaloM ke tyAga ko le liyA gyaa| zrAvaka ke tIna bheda haiM - pAkSika naiSThika aura sAdhaka / jo ekadeza se hiMsA kA tyAga karake zrAvaka dharma ko svIkAra karatA hai, use pAkSika zrAvaka kahate haiN| jo niraticAra zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana karatA hai use naiSThika zrAvaka kahate haiM aura jo dezacAritra ko pUrNa karake apanI AtmA kI sAdhanA meM lIna ho jAtA hai; use sAdhaka zrAvaka kahate haiN| arthAt prArambhika dazA kA nAma pAkSika hai, madhyadazA kA nAma naiSThika hai aura pUrNadazA kA nAma sAdhaka hai / isa taraha avasthA bheda se zrAvaka ke tIna bheda kiye gaye haiN| inameM pAkSika zrAvaka uparyukta ATha mUlaguNoM kA pAlana karatA hai, rAtri meM bhojana nahIM karatA hai, anachanA jala kAma meM nahIM letA hai, juA Adi sapta vyasanoM kA tyAgI hotA hai tathA sacce deva- zAstra- guru kA bhakta hone se pratidina devapUjA, gurUpAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama tapa aura dAna rUpa SaT Avazyaka kAryoM ko karatA hai| naiSThika zrAvaka ke gyAraha darje haiM, jinheM 11 pratimAe~ kahate haiN| bhUdharadAsa ne inakA vistRta varNana kiyA hai jo nimnalikhita hai - 1. madyamAMsamadhutyAgaiH shaannuvrtpnyckm|| aSTomUlaguNAnAhugRhiNAM zramaNottamAH // ralakaraNDazrAvakAcAra,samantabhadrAcArya, zloka 66 2. piplodumbaraplakSavaTa phlAnyadan / hantyANi vasAn zuSkANyapi svaM rAgayogataH // sAgaradharmAmRta, paM. AzAghara, zloka 13 3. jainadharma, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, pRSTha 198- 199 4. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, padya 48 evaM 49

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392 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 1.darzana pratimA : prAthamika bhUmikA vAlA pAkSika zrAvaka jina ATha mUlaguNoM ko pAlana karatA hai arthAt paMca udumbara phala tathA tIna makAra (madya, mAMsa, madhu) kA tyAga karatA hai, sapta vyasana kA tyAga karatA hai, darzana pratimA dhAraNa karane vAlA bhI unhIM kA tyAga karatA hai; parantu usake tyAgarUpa vrata meM vaha koI aticAra (doSa) nahIM lagAtA hai / usake zraddhAna meM dRr3hatA aura niyamoM meM kaThoratA A jAtI hai| bhUdharadAsa ne darzana pratimA kA kathana isa prakAra kiyA hai - paMca udaMbara tIna makAra / sAta vyasana inako parihAra // darzana hoya pratijJAyukta / so darzana-pratimA jinaukta / / pA~ca udumbara phaloM ke doSa evaM unake tyAga kA upadeza :--- bar3a, pIpala, umara, kaThUmara (gUlara) aura pAkara - ina pA~ca jAti ke phaloM ko pA~ca hajAra ela kahate haiN| paMja gujara paloM meM aneka usa jIvoM kI utpatti hotI hai arthAt inameM sAkSAt trasa jIva pAye jAte haiN| inake bhakSaNa se mahato hiMsA hotI hai; isalie inakA tyAga avazya karanA cAhiye / "pIpala, gUlara, pilakhana, vaTa aura kAka udumbarI ke hare phaloM ko jo khAtA hai, vaha trasa arthAt calate phirate hue jantuoM kA ghAta karatA hai; kyoMki una phaloM ke andara aise jantu pAye jAte haiM aura jo unheM sukhAkara khAtA hai, vaha unameM ati Asakti hone ke kAraNa apanI AtmA kA ghAta karatA hai| " madya, mAMsa aura madhu - inake Adi meM "ma" hai; isalie inheM "makAra" tathA saMkhyA tIna hone se "tIna makAra" kahate haiN| bhUdharadAsa ne madya, mAMsa, madhu ke doSa batalAkara unake tyAga kA upadeza diyA hai| madya ke doSa evaM usake tyAga kA upadeza :-- madirA jIva samUhoM kA Dhera hai, vaha durgandhayukta vastuoM ko sar3Akara, galAkara taiyAra kI jAtI hai| nizcaya hI usake sparza karane mAtra se vyakti kI / 1, pAryapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 86 2. bAlabodha pAThamAlA bhAga 3, pATha tIsarA- DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla, pRSTha 15 3. jainadharma,paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI.pRSTha 199- 200

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana sArI pavitratA naSTa ho jAtI hai aura use pI lene para to sArI sudha-budha hI hRdaya se jAtI rahatI hai / madirA pIne vAlA mAtA Adi ko bhI patnI samajhane lagatA hai| isa duniyA meM madirA ke samAna tyAjya vastu anya koI nahIM hai| isalie yaha uttama kuloM meM grahaNa nahIM kI jAtI hai tathApi jo mUrkha madirA kI prazaMsA karate haiM, unheM dhikkAra haiM, unakI jIbha jala jAve / ' mAMsa ke doSa evaM usake tyAga kA upadeza : 393 mAMsa kI prApti trasa jIvoM kA ghAta hone para hI hotI hai| mAMsa kA sparza, AkAra, nAma aura gandha sabhI hRdaya meM glAni utpanna karate haiN| mAMsa kA bhakSaNa naraka jAne kI yogyatA vAle nirdayI, nIca aura adharmI puruSa karate haiM, uttama kula aura karmavAle to isakA nAma lete hI apanA zuddha sAttvika bhojana taka chor3a dete haiN| mAMsa atyanta niMdanIya hai, atyanta apavitra hai aura sadaiva jIva samUha kA nivAsa sthAna hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki mAMsa sadaiva abhakSya batalAyA gayA hai| he dayAlu cittavAle ! tuma isa mAMsabhakSaNa rUpa doSa kA tyAga kro| isI bAta ko anya zabdoM meM bhUdharadAsa dvArA isa prakAra kahA gayA hai - rajavIraja soM nIpajai (jJAnI) so tana mAMsa kahAvai re / jIva hote bina hoya nA (jJAnI) nAva liyau ghina Ave re || madhu ke doSa evaM usake tyAga kA upadeza : madhu mahAna apavitra padArtha hai| madhu makkhiyoM kA mala hai aura bahuta se trasa jIvoM ke ghAta se utpanna hotA hai| madhu kI eka bUMda bhI madhu makkhiyoM kI hiMsArUpa hotI hai| svayaM patita madhu meM usI jAti ke ananta jIva utpanna hote haiN| usake khAne se mahatI hiMsA hotI hai; isalie madhu kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| 4 1. (ka) jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, padma 48 evaM 49 (kha) sar3i upajai kIr3A bharI ( jJAnI) mada durgandha nivAso re / chIyA so zucitA miTai (jJAnI) pIyAM buddha vinAso re // 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, padya 52 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 4. puruSArthasiddhayupAma, amRtacandrAcArya, zloka 65 se 71

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394 sapta vyasana evaM unakA niSedha : juA khelanA, mAMsa bhakSaNa, madyapAna, vezyAsevana, zikAra, corI aura paranArI ramaNa - ye sArA vyana haiN| jo pAsvarUpa hai, nikalA cAhie / ' zrI guru zikSA sAMbhalI (jJAnI) sAta vyasana parityAgo re / ina mAraga mata lAgo re // ye jaga meM pAtaka bar3e (jJAnI) juA ke doSa evaM unakA niSedha : mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa: juA nAmaka vyasana pratyakSa hI apanI A~khoM se aneka doSoM se yukta dikhAI detA hai / vaha sampUrNa pApoM ko Amantrita karane vAlA hai, ApattiyoM kA kAraNa hai, khoTA lakSaNa hai, kalaha kA sthAna hai, daridra banA dene vAlA hai, aneka acchAiyA~ karake prApta kiye huye ujjvala yaza ko bhI usI prakAra Dha~ka dene vAlA hai, jisa prakAra ketu sUrya ko Dha~ka detA hai| jJAnI puruSa ise avaguNasamUha ke ghara ke rUpa meM dekhate haiN| isa duniyA meM juA ke samAna anya koI anIti dikhAI nahIM detii| isa vyasanarAja ke khela ko kautUhala mAtra ke lie bhI kabhI nahIM dekhanA cAhiye isI sambandha meM bhUdharadAsa kA anya kathana isa prakAra haiM jUbA khelana mAMDiye, (jJAnI) jo dhana dharma ga~vAveM re / dekhatA dukha pAve re|| * saba visasana ko bIja hai, (jJAnI) mAMsa bhakSaNa evaM madyapAna niSedha : - mAMsa bhakSaNa evaM madya pAna kA niSedha sapta vyasanoM ke tyAga meM bhI kiyA jAtA hai tathA aSTa mUla guNoM ke pAlana karane meM bhI kiyA jAtA hai| inake doSoM kA varNana evaM niSedha aSTa mUlaguNoM kA kathana karate samaya pUrva meM hI kiyA jA cukA hai / ' 1. juA khelana mAMsa mada vezyA visana zikAra / corI pararamanI- ramana sAtoM pApa nivAra 11 jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 50 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 3. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 50 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 5. prastuta zodha prabandha, adhyAya 7 --

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana vezyA sevana niSedha : pApinI vezyA dhana ke lie prema karatI hai| yadi vyakti ke pAsa dhana nahIM bace to sArA prema tinake kI taraha tor3akara pheMka detI hai| vezyA adhama vyaktiyoM ke hoThoM kA cumbana karatI hai athavA unake mu~ha se nissRta lAra Adi apavitra vastuoM kA svAda letI hai / sampUrNa zucitA vezyA ke chUne se samApta ho jAtI hai| vezyA sadA bAjAroM meM mAMsa-madirA khAtI-pItI phiratI hai| jo vyasanoM meM aMdhe ho rahe haiM, ve vezyAvyasana se ghRNA nahIM karate haiN| jo mUrkha vyakti vezyAvyasana meM lIna haiM, unheM bArambAra dhikkAra hai|' bhUdharadAsa dvArA isI tathya ko anya sthAna para isa prakAra kahA gayA hai - dhika vezyA bAjAranI, (jJAnI) ramatI nIcana sAthai re / dhanakArana tana pApinI (jJAnI) baice vyasanI hAthai re || zikAra niSedha :-- 395 mRga jaMgala meM rahatA hai, atyanta garIba hai, apane prANa hI usakI prANoM se pyArI pU~jI hai, Darapoka svabhAva vAlA hai, sabhI se DaratA rahatA hai, kisI se droha nahIM karatA hai, kabhI kisI kA burA nahIM socatA hai, becArA apane dA~toM meM tinakA liye rahatA hai, kisI para nArAja nahIM hotA hai, kisI se apane pAlana-poSaNa kI apekSA nahIM rakhatA hai, parokSa meM kisI ke doSa nahIM kahatA phiratA arthAt pITha pIche paranindA karane kA durguNa bhI usameM nahIM hai| phira bhI re re kaThora hRdaya ! apane jarA se svAda ke lie usa mRga ko mArane ke lie terA hAtha kaise uThatA hai 23 isI bAta ko ina zabdoM meM bhI kahA gayA hai - ati kAyara sabasoM Darai, (jJAnI) dIna miraga vanacArI re| tinapai Ayudha sAdhate (jJAnI) hA ati krUra zikArI re // * 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 54 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 3. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 55 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86

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396 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : corI niSedha : cora kabhI aura kahIM bhI nizcita nahIM hotA, hamezA aura hara jagaha caukannA rahatA hai| dekha lene para svAmI (corI kI gaI vastu kA mAlika) usakI piTAI karatA hai| anya aneka nirdayI vyakti bhI use mila kara mArate haiN| rAjA bhI krodha karake use topa ke sAmane khar3A karake ur3A detA hai / cora bahuta duHkha bhogakara maratA hai aura parabhava meM bhI use adhogati prApta hotI hai / corI nAmaka vyasana aneka vipattiyoM kI jar3a hai| corI meM pratyakSa hI bahuta duHkha dikhAI dete haiN| samajhadAra vyakti to dUsare ke adatta (binA diye huye) dhana ko aMgAre ke samAna samajhakara kabhI apane hAtha se chUte bhI nahIM haiN|' isI bAta ko bhUdharadAsa ne isa prakAra bhI kahA hai :pragaTa jagata meM dekhiye, (jJAnI) prAnanateM dhana pyAro re| je pApI paradhana hareM, (jJAnI) tinasama kauna hatyAro re|' parastrI sevana niSedha : paranArI kA sevana khoTI gati meM le jAne ke lie vAhana hai, guNasamUha ko jalAne ke lie bhayAnaka Aga hai, ujjvala yazarUpI candramA ko DhaMkane ke liye bAdaloM kI ghaTA hai, zarIra ko kamajora karane ke lie kSaya roga hai, dhanarUpI sarovara ko sukhAne ke liye dhUpa hai, dharmarUpI dina ko asta karane ke lie saMdhyA hai, aura vipattirUpI saryoM ke nivAsa ke lie bA~bI hai / zAstroM meM paranArI sevana ko isI prakAra ke anya bhI aneka durguNoM se bharA huA kahA gayA hai| vaha prANoM ko haraNa karane ke lie prabala phA~sI hai| aisA hRdaya meM jAnakara he mitra ! tuma kabhI palabhara bhI parastrI se prema mata kro|' isI bAta ko dUsaroM zabdoM meM kahA gayA hai - paratiya vyasana mahA buro, (jJAnI) yAmeM doSa bar3oro re| ihi bhava tana dhana yaza hare, (jJAnI) yAmaiM parabhava naraka basero re / / " / 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 56 2. pAIpurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 3, jainazataka, pUgharadAsa, chanda 50 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUgharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 8

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 397 isI sandarbha meM bhUdharadAsa ne parastrI kA tyAga karane vAloM kI prazaMsA tathA parastrI ko dekhakara ha~sane, prasanna hone vAloM kI nindA bhI kI hai| parastrI ko dekhakara apanI najara dharatI kI ora nIcI karane vAloM ko ve bArambAra dhanya mAnate haiM - divi dIpaka-loya banI vanitA, jar3a jIva pataMga jahA~ prte| dukha pAvata prAna gavA~vata hai baraDai na rahai haTha sauM jaste // ihi bhA~ti vicacchana acchana ke vaza, hoya anIti nahIM krte| paratiya lakhi je dharatI nirakhai, dhani haiM, dhani haiM dhani haiM nara te||' puna: kahate haiM ki - diDha zIla ziromani kAraja maiM, jaga maiM jasa Araja tei lhaiN| tinake juga locana vArija hai ihi bhAMti acAraja Apa kahaiM / / parakAminI ko mukhacanda cita, muMda jAhi sadA yaha Teva gheN| dhani jIvana hai tina jIvana ko, thani mAya unai uramAyaM bahe / / parastrI ko dekhakara nirlajjatApUrvaka ha~sane aura prasanna hone vAloM ke prati ve kahate haiM je paranAri nihAri nilajja, ha~sai vigasaiM budhihIna baDere / Thana kI jimi pAtara pekhi, khuzI ura kUkara hota ghnere|| hai jinakI yaha Teva vahai, tinakoM isa bhau apakIrati hai re| dai paraloka viSai dRr3ha daNDa karai zatakhaNDa sukhAcala kere||' pArzvapurANa meM prasaMgAnusAra kAmI puruSa ke svabhAva ke bAre meM bhUdharadAsa kA kathana haiM - pApa karma ko Dara nahIM, nahIM loka kI lAja / kAmI jana kI rIti yaha dhika tisa janma akAja / / 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 58 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 59 3. jenazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 60

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398 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kAmI kAja akAja maiM , hohai aMdha avivek| madana mata madamatta sama, jaro jaro yaha Teva // pitA nIra para se nahIM, dUra rahai ravi yaar| tA aMbuja meM mUr3ha ali, urajhi marai avicAra // tyoM hI kuvisanarata puruSa, hoya avazi aviveka / hita anahita saucaiM nahIM, hiye visana kI Teka // ' paranArI-sevana ko mahAna pApa mAnate hue ve likhate haiM - paranArI sama pApa na Ana parabhava dukha ihi bhava jasa hAna // isa hI vAMchA soM agha bhre| rAvaNa Adi naraka meM pre| eka-eka vyasana kA sevana karane vAloM ke nAma va vyasana kA pariNAma - pAMDavoM ke rAka. yudhiSThira ne a. II. 14-[ rUpasa ke lepa se saba kucha kho diyA / rAjA baka ne mAMsa khAkara bahuta kaSTa uThAye, yAdava binA jAne pUche madyapAna kara jala mare, cArUdatta ne vezyA vyasana meM pha~sakara bahuta duHkha bhoge| rAjA brahmadatta cakravartI zikAra ke kAraNa, zrIbhUti brAhmaNa adatta grahaNa corI meM rati ke kAraNa tathA rAvaNa parastrI meM Asakta hokara naraka meM gyaa| jaba eka-eka vyasana kA sevana karane vAloM kI yaha durdazA huI to sAtoM vyasanoM kA sevana karane vAloM kI kyA gati hogI ? 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakatA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 3. (ka) prathama pANDavA bhUpa,kheli juA saba khoyau / mAMsa khAya maka rAya, pAya vipadA bahu royau // bina jAne madapAna joga, jAdauMgana dii| cArudatta dukha sahyau, vaisavA visana arujjhe // nRpa brahmadatta AkheTa sauM, dvija zivabhUti adattarati / pararamani rAci rAvana gayo, sAtauM sevata kauna gati / / jenazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 61 (kha) pANDava Adi dukhI bhaye, (jAnI) eka vyasana rati mAnI re| sAtanasoM ke zaTha race, (zAnI) tinakI kauna kahAnI re|| pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUgharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 3

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 399 isa prakAra pA~ca udumbara phala evaM madhumadya-mAMsarUpa tIna makAra tathA sAta vyasana kA tyAga kara unake doSoM ko dUra karanA pahalI darzana pratimA hai - paMca udaMbara phala kahe, madhu mada mAMsa makAra / inake dUSaNa pariharo, pahalI pratimA dhAra / / ' 2. vrata pratimA : pA~ca aNuvrata, tIna guNavata tathA cAra zikSAvratoM kA aticAra- rahita nirdoSa pAlana karanA ca pratimA hai... pA~ca aNuvrata guNavata tIna zikSAvrata cAroM malahIna // bAraha vrata dhAreM nirdoSa | yaha dUjI pratimA vrata poSa // pA~ca aNuvrata :- ahiMsANuvrata, saMtyANuvrata, acauryANuvrata, brahmacaryANuvrata parigrahaparimANANuvrata, ye pA~ca aNuvrata haiN| ahiMsANuvrata :- ( trasa jIvoM kI hiMsA na karanA) jo nitya mana-vacana-kAya se evaM kRta- kArita anumodanA se trasa jIvoM ko duHkha nahIM detA hai, vaha prathama ahiMsA aNuvrata hai| satyANuvrata :- (sthUla jhUTha na bolanA) saba doSoM ke nivAsa rUpa jhUTha vacana nahIM bolanA tathA hita mita priya vacana bolanA dUsarA satya aNuvrata hai|' acAryANuvrata : kisI dUsare kA bhUmi para par3A huA, bhUlA huA, bisarA huA, jIvana ko duHkha dene vAlA dhana binA diye nahIM lenA, tIsarA acaurya aNuvrata hai|' - brahmacaryANuvrata :- apanI byAhI strI meM santoSa karanA tathA mahAna doSa utpanna karane vAlI parastrI kA tyAga karanA, caudhA brahmacarya aNuvrata hai / parigrahaparimANa - aNuvrata :- dhana, dhAnya, sonA Adi parigraha kI sImA nizcita karanA, pA~cavA parigraha parimANa aNuvrata hai| yaha vrata tRSNArUpI nAgina ko vaza meM karane vAlA mahAna maMtra hai| 6 1 va 2 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 3 se 6 taka pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUSaradAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 87

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : tIna guNavata :- digvata, dezavrata aura anarthadaNDavrata - ye tIna guNavata digvrata :- avadhi kA pramANa karake dazoM dizAoM meM Ane jAne kI sImA nizcita karanA tathA prANa-paryanta usake bAhara paira na rakhanA arthAt gamana na karanA digvrata hai|' dezavrata :- dazoM dizAoM meM bhI ekadeza (AMzika) samaya kI maryAdApUrvaka vana, nagara, nadI, Adi ke liye nitya gamana karane kA pramANa karanA, dezavrata hai| anarthadaNDavata :- jahA~ apanA koI svArtha (prayojana) na ho tathA apAra pApa utpanna hotA ho, vaha anarthadaNDa hai| usake pA~ca bheda apadhyAna, pApopadeza, pramAdacaryA, hiMsAdAna, duHzruti hai| una sabakA tyAga amarthadaNDavata hai|' cAra zikSAvata :-sAmAyika, proSadhopavAsa, bhogopabhoga parimANavrata aura atithisaMvibhAgavata - ye cAra zikSAvrata haiN| sAmAyika :- ekAnta sthAna meM Arta-raudra dhyAna chor3akara hRdaya meM zubha bhAvanApUrvaka sAmAyika kI vidhi kA Adara karanA sAmAyika (zikSAvata) hai|' ___ proSadhopavAsa :- eka mahine meM do aSTamI aura do caturdazI - ina cAra parvo meM ghara kA saba Arambha chor3akara cAra prakAra ke bhojana kA tyAga karanA, proSadhopavAsa hai| bhogopabhogaparimANavata :- bhojana, pAnI Adi jo vastue~ eka bAra bhogane meM AtI haiM; vaha bhoga hai tathA strI, AbhUSaNa Adi jo vastue~ bAra-bAra bhogane meM AtI haiM; vaha upabhoga hai| ina bhoga- upabhoga kI vastuoM kA samaya kA pramANa karake bhogane kA niyama karanA, bhogopabhogaparimANavata hai| atithisaMvibhAgavata :- uttama atithiyoM (munirAjoM ) ko hamezA mAna bar3AI kA tyAga kara hRdaya meM unake prati zraddhA dhAraNa karake cAra prakAra AhAra auSadhi, jJAna, abhaya kA dAna denA, atithisaMvibhAgavata hai|' 1 se 7 taka pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 87

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana isa prakAra uparyukta bAraha vratoM kA niraticAra pAlana karanA, vrata pratimA haiM / inakA pAlana karane vAlA vratI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| 3. sAmAyika pratimA :- prAtaH, dopahara aura sAyaM ina tInoM kAla pA~ca aticAra (kAyayoga- duSpraNidhAna, vAgyogaduSpraNidhAna, manoyogaduSpraNidhAna, anAdara aura smRtyanupasthAna) rahita sAmAyika karane vAlA tathA zatru mitra ko eka samAna mAnane vAlA manuSya hI tIsarI (sAmAyika) pratimAdhArI hai / ' 401 - 4. proSadha pratimA :- jo mahIneM meM do aSTamI aura do caturdazI - ina cAra parvo meM Arambha chor3akara mana ko rokakara proSadhavata (AhAra Adi kA tyAga ) dhAraNa karatA hai tathA utkRSTarUpa se solaha pahara taka zubha dhyAna karatA hai, vahI cauthI (proSadha) pratimAvAlA hai| 5. sacittatyAga pratimAM :- jo dala, phala, kaMda, bIja Adi aneka haritakAryoM kA tyAga karatA hai, rAga chor3akara prAsuka jala pItA hai, vaha (pA~cavI pratimAvAlA) sacittatyAgI bar3A bhAgyavAna hai / :+ 6. divAmaithunatyAga pratimA jo dina meM maithuna sevana kA tyAga karatA hai, mana-vacana-kAyapUrvaka dRr3ha zIla dhAraNa karatA hai, vaha dhIra chaThavIM (divAmaithunatyAga) pratimAdhArI jadhanya zrAvaka haiN|' 7. brahmacarya pratimA : jo strI ko saba prakAra se hamezA ke lie chor3a detA hai, sadA mana-vacana-kAya, kRta- kArita anumodanA - ina nau bAda sahita zIla vrata kA pAlana karatA hai tathA kabhI kAmakathA meM Asakta nahIM hotA hai, vaha sAtavIM (brahmacarya) pratimAdhArI hai| 8. Arambha tyAga :- jo saba vyApAra Adi kA vyavahAra chor3akara madarahita nirArambha vartatA hai tathA dina-rAta hiMsA se bhayabhIta rahatA hai, vaha pavitra AThavIM (Arambha-tyAga) pratibhAvAlA haiM / " 1 se 2 taka pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 87 3 se 7 taka pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 88 9. parigraha tyAga pratimA :- jo samasta parigraha kA tyAga karake binA rAga ke ucita vastrAdi rakhatA hai, vaha nauvIM (parigrahatyAga) pratimAdhArI madhyama zrAvaka hai|

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402 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 10. anumati tyAga pratimA :- jo pApa ke mUla gahastha ke kArya haiM unako karane kI bhUlakara bhI anumati nahIM detA hai, bhojana ke samaya bulAne para jAtA hai| vaha sukha dene vAlI dasavIM (anumatityAga) pratimA hai|' 11. uddiSTa tyAga pratimA :- gyArahavIM pratimA zrAvaka kA sarvotkRSTa antima darjA hai| ye zrAvaka do prakAra ke hote haiM - kSallaka tathA ailaka / isa pratimA kI utkRSTa dazA ailaka hotI hai / isake Age munidazA ho jAtI hai| jo guru ke pAsa jAkara vrata grahaNa karatA hai, ghara ko chor3akara maTha yA maMDapa meM rahatA hai, zarIra para eka vastra (cAdara) tathA laMgoTI rakhatA hai| apane pAsa pIchI, kamaMDalu tathA (bhojana ke lie) eka bhikSApAtra (kaTorA) rakhatA hai| do aSTamI va do caturdazI - ina cAroM parvo meM upavAsa karatA hai, nirdoSa uddiSTa AhAra rahita bhojana letA hai / jisako lAbha aura alAma meM rAga evaM dveSa nahIM hotaa| jo sira, dAr3I, mUMchoM ke bAla ucita samaya para utaravAtA hai, kiMcita bhI bAla nahIM rakhatA hai tathA tapa kA AcaraNa, Agama kA abhyAsa Adi zakti ke anusAra guru ke pAsa rahakara karatA hai| yaha saba kSullaka zrAvaka kA AcaraNa hai / dUsarA ailaka isase adhika pavitra hotA hai| jo kamara meM eka laMgoTI mAtra rakhatA hai| jinake pAsa pIchI aura kamaMDalu hotA hai| jo vidhipUrvaka baiThakara pANipAtra arthAt hAtharUpI pAtra meM Agama ke anusAra bhojana (AhAra) grahaNa karatA hai, apane dvArA kezaloMca karatA hai tathA atidhIra hokara sardI garmI Adi sahana karatA hai, vaha ailaka zrAvaka kahalAtA isa pratimA ke dhArI zrAvaka ailaka aura kSullaka muni ke samAna navakoTipUrvaka uddiSTa AhAra ke tyAgI va ghara kuTumba se virata hote haiN| dezacAritrarUpa paMcama guNasthAna meM uparyukta jina gyAraha pratimAoM kA upadeza hai; ve pratimAe~ prArambha se uttarottara aMgIkAra kI jAtI haiM arthAt pahale dhAraNa kI huI pratimAoM ke niyama yA dazA Age kI pratimAoM ke dhAraNa meM chUTatI nahIM hai; apitu vRddhi ko hI prApta hotI hai| pahalI se chaThavI pratimA taka dhAraNa karane vAlA jaghanyavratI zrAvaka, sAtavIM se nauvIM pratimA taka dhAraNa karane vAlA madhyama vratI zrAvaka tathA dasavIM va gyArahavIM pratimAdhArI utkRSTa vratI zrAvaka kahalAtA hai| 1 se 3 taka pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9. pRSTha 88

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ramAlocanAtmaka mAyA 403 pUrva meM zrAvaka ke pAkSika, naiSThika aura sAdhaka - ye tIna bheda batalAye gaye haiM, unameM jahA~ pAkSika zrAvaka ATha mUlaguNoM kA pAlana va sapta vyasana kA tyAga karatA hai tathA naiSThika zrAvaka uparyukta gyAraha pratimAoM kA pAlana karatA hai; vahA~ sAdhaka zrAvaka antima samaya meM apanI sampUrNa zakti ko saMbhAla karake sallekhanA bhI dhAraNa karatA hai| sallekhanA dhAraNa karane se vrata-niyama, saMyama Adi saba vizAla phala dene vAle ho jAte haiN|' sallekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa - sallekhanA yA samAdhi nAma niHkaSAya bhAva kA hai, zAnta pariNAmoM kA hai| kaSAyarahita zAnta pariNAmoM se maraNa honA samAdhimaraNa hai / "jaba vyakti upasarga, darbhikSa, jarA (bar3hApA) tathA roga pratikAra (upAya-upacAra) rahita asAdhya dazA ko prApta ho jAye athavA cakAra se aisA hI koI dUsarA prANaghAtaka anivArya kAraNa upasthita ho jAya taba dharma kI rakSA-pAlanA ke lie jo deha kA vidhipUrvaka tyAga hai, usako sallekhanA yA samAdhimaraNa kahate haiN| maraNa kAla upasthita hone para kAya evaM kaSAya ko kRza karate hue, bhojana vagairaha kA tyAga kara AtmadhyAna dvArA ni:kaSAyabhAva arthAt samatAbhAva kI prAptipUrvaka dehatyAga karanA samAdhimaraNa hai aura isa kriyA ko karane vAlA sAdhaka zrAvaka hai / sampUrNa vratoM kA pAlana karate hue sallekhanA karane vAlA sAdhaka zrAvaka paraloka meM solahaveM (acyuta) svarga taka utpanna ho jAtA hai|' isa prakAra samyagdarzana-samyagjJAnapUrvaka sakalacAritrarUpa munidharma kA pAlana karane se mokSa-pada prApta hotA hai tathA dezacAritrarUpa gRhasthadharma kA pAlana karane se svarga sukha prApta hotA hai| 1. anta samaya sallekhanA, ko zakti saMbhAlo jii| jAsauM vrata saMjama sabai, ye phala dehi vizAlo jI // pArzvapurANa,kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 87 2. upasarge durbhine jarasi rujAyAM ca nipratIkAre / dharmAya tanu vimocanamAhuH sallekhanAmAryAH // ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra,samantabhadrAcArya,zloka 122 3. aba ina bAraha vratana ko,likho leza virtnt| jinako phala jinamata kaho, acyuva svarga paryanta / / pArzvapurANa,kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 4. yAte sadhaiM mukti pada kheta, girahI dharma suraga sukha deta // pAzvepurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86

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404 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : (ga) naitika vicAra dArzanika evaM dhArmika vicAroM kI taraha bhUdharadAsa dvArA varNita naitika vicAra bhI mahattvapUrNa haiN| ata: unakI carcA abhipreta hai / bhUdharadAsa ne apane sAhitya ko hRdayagrAhI evaM mArmika banAne ke lie aneka nItiyoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| kaI sthAnoM para nItivarNana kathAnaka se sambaddha hotA huA niSkarSaprada (siddhAntaparaka) evaM upadezaparaka dRSTigata hotA hai| kavi dvArA ullikhita naitika vicAra atyanta marmasparzI evaM hRdayagrAhI hai; jinakI upayogitA Aja bhI asaMdigdha hai |bhuudhrsaahity meM varNita kucha pramukha naitika vicAra nimnAMkita haiM - 1. sajjata-darjana gAna :. sajjana aura durjana- donoM kA apanA apanA svabhAva hotA hai| jisa prakAra viSadhara vakracAla kabhI nahIM chor3atA aura haMsa kabhI vakratA grahaNa nahIM karatA - . yoM sukha nibasai bAMdhava doy| nija nija Teva na TAre koy| vakracAla viSadhara nahiM tjai| haMsa vakratA bhUla na bhaje // ' sajjana aura durjana eka hI garbha se utpanna hote haiN| jaise lohe se banA kavaca rakSA karatA hai aura lohe se banI talavAra deha kA nAza karatI hai - upaje ekahi garbhasoM, sajjana durjana yeh| loha kavaca rakSA karai, khAr3o khaMDe deha / / ' durjana cAhe kitanA hI kaSTa de, usase sajjana ke sadsvabhAva meM kisI prakAra kA vikAra nahIM AtA; apitu aura adhika nikhAra AtA hai, jisa prakAra darpaNa rAkha ke dvArA aura adhika ujjvala ho jAtA hai| durjana dUkhita santa ko, sarala subhAva na jaay| darpaNa kI chavi chArasoM, adhikarhi ujjavala thaay|| 1. durjana ko vizvAsa je, kari hai nara avicaar| te maMtrI marubhUti sama, dukha pAvai niradhAra / / yaha suni duSTa saMga pariharo, sukhadAyaka satsaMgati karo // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUSaradAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 2 va 3 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 7

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405 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana yadyapi kulhAr3I candana ko kATatI hai tathApi badale meM candana usake mukha ko suvAsita hI karatA hai| usI prakAra sajjana durjana dvArA kaSTa diye jAne para apane sadsvabhAva ko nahIM chor3atA - sajana Tarai na TevasoM, jo durjana dukha dey| candana kaTata kuThAra mukha, avazi kuThAra kareva // ' durjana kI tulanA zleSamA se karatA huA kavi kahatA hai - durjana aura zleSamA ye samAna jagamAhiM / jyoM jyoM madhure dIjiye, tyoM tyoM kopa karAhiM / ' durjana kI prIti se sukha kaise prApta ho sakatA hai ? jisa prakAra sarpa ko dUdha pilAne se amRta kI prApti nahIM hotI hai - durjana jana kI prItisoM, kaho kaise sukha hoy| viSathara poSi piyUSa kI, prApati sunI na loya // ' jisa prakAra sarpa ke milane se sukha nahIM hotA hai, usI prakAra durjana ke milane se sukha nahIM hotA - khalasoM mile kahA sukha hoya viSadhara bheTeM lAbha na koy|' durjana kI tulanA sarpa se karate hue kavi bhUdharadAsa kA kathana hai - kari guNa amRtapAna, doSa viSa viSama samappai / baMkacAna nahIM tajai, jugala jivhAmukha thppai|| takai nirantara chidra, udai paradIpa na rUccai / bina kAraNa dukha kara, baira viSa kabahUM na muccai // vara mauna mantra sau hoya vaza, saMgata kIyai hAna hai| bahu milata bAna yAteM sahI, durjana sA~pa samAna hai| 1 se 3 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 8 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pUdharadAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 7 5. jainazataka bhUdharadAsa chanda 79

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406 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: 2. kAmI kAmI vyakti pApa se nahIM DaratA, lokalajjA nahIM karatA - tathA hita ahita kA vicAra nahIM karatA hai - pApa karma ko Dara nahIM, nahIM loka kI lAja / kAmI jana kI roti yaha dhika tisa janma akAja // kAmI kAja jakAja maiM, hohe aMdha aviveka / Teva // madanamatta madamattasama, jaro jaro yaha pitA nIra parasai nahIM, dUra rahe ravi yAra / avicAra // tA aMbuja meM mUDha ali, urajhi mare tyoM hI kuvisanarata puruSa hoya, avazi aviveka hita anahita soceM nahIM, hiye visana kI Teka 3. andhapuruSa :- A~kharahita vyakti ko andhA nahIM kahate, apitu hRdayarUpI A~kheM na hone vAlA vyakti mUlataH andhA hai locanahIne puruSa ko, andha na kahiye bhUla / ura locana jinake muMde, te aMdhe nirmUla // isI prakAra jinako sacce deva-zAstra-guru-dharma kI pahicAna hotI hai, ve netravAna haiM tathA jinako inakI pahicAna nahIM hai, ve andhe haiM - deva dharma guru grantha ye, bar3e ratana saMsAra / inako parakhi pramAniye yaha narabhava phala sAra // je inakI jAnai parakha, te jaga locanavAna / jinako yaha sudhi nA parI, te nara aMdha ajAna // 3 4. durgatigAmI jIva :- durgati meM gamana karane vAle jIva kA svabhAva haiM ki usake hRdaya meM mahAmalina (ati bure) bhAva nivAsa karate haiM - 1 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 2 va 3 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 5, pRSTha 44 1 1

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 407 mahAmalina ura basaiM kubhAva, durgatigAmI jIva subhAva // 5. kukaviyoM kI nindA :- bhUdharadAsa viSaya-kaSAya (rAgAdi) ke poSaka granthoM ko kuzAstra tathA unakI racanA karane vAle kaviyoM ko kukavi mAnate hue AlocanA karate haiM - rAga udai jaga aMdha bhayo, sahajai saba logana lAMja gAI / sIkha binA nara sIkha rahe, bisanAdika sevana kI sudharAI / / tApara aura race rasakAvya kahA kahiye tinakI nitthuraaii| aMdha asUjhAna kI a~khiyana maiM, jhoMkata hai raja rAmaduhAI // kaMcana kumbhana kI upamA kaha deta urojana ko kavi baare| apara zyAma vilokata ke, mani nIlama kI DhakanI hu~ki chAre // yoM satavaina kahaiM na kupaMDita, ye juga AmiSapiMDa kyaare| sAyana jhAra daI muMha chAra, bhaye ihi heta kiyauM kuca kaare||' 6. kulIna kI sahaja vinamratA :- jisa prakAra haMsa kI cAla svAbhAvika hotI haiM, use koI sikhAtA nahIM hai| usI prakAra kulIna vyakti kI vinamratA sahaja hotI hai . yathA haMsa ke vaMza ko, cAla na sikhavai koy| tyoM kulIna nara nAri ke, sahaja namana guNa hoya // 7. mahApuruSoM kA anusaraNa :- mahApuruSoM dvArA kiye gaye AcaraNa (kArya) kA anusaraNa sArA saMsAra karatA hai - jyoM mahaMta nara kAraja krai| tAkI rIti jagata aacrai|| 1 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 5 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 64 3.jainazavaka, pUdharadAsa, chanda 65 4 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 26 5 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 29

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408 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : . pUrvakarmAnusAra phalaprApti :- saMsArI vyakti pUrva meM kiye gaye karmoM ke anusAra hI phala prApta karatA hai - saMsArI jana apanI bAra / pUraba udai karai anusAra / / ' 5. pUrvapApodaya meM dhairyadhAraNa kA upadeza :- kavi pUrva-karmodaya ke anusAra phalaprApti mAnate hue azubha (asAtA) karma ke udaya meM prApta duHkhoM ko samatApUrvaka sahane kI preraNA detA hai - Ayau hai acAnaka bhayAnaka asAtA karma, tAke dUra karive ko bali kauna Aha re| je je mana bhAye te kamAye pUrva pAya Apa, teI aba Aye kiMja udaikAla laha re|| ere mere vIra ! kAhe hota hai adhIra yAmaiM, koU ko na sIra tU akelo Apa saha re / bhaya dilagIra kachU pIra na vinasi jAya, tAhIte sayAne ! tU tamAzagIra raha re||' isI prakAra mRtyu kA bhaya evaM sukha kI AzArUpa duHkha ke dAvAnala se| bacane kA upAya bhI dhairyadhAraNa karanA hI hai . antaka sauM na chUTai nihavai para, mUrakha jIva nirantara dhuuje| cAhata hai cita maiM nita hI sukha hoya na lAbha manoratha pUjai // tau para mUr3ha ba~dhyoM bhaya Asa, vRthA bAhu duHkhadAvAnala bhuujai| chor3a vicacchana ye jar3a lacchana dhIraja thAri sukhi kina hUjai // ' 10. honahAra durnivAra :- jo honA hotA hai, hokara hI rahatA hai| use koI miTA nahIM sakatA - 1 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUgharadAsa, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 29 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 71 3. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 74

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409 eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana "honahAra soI vidhi hoya, tAhi piTAya sakai nahi koy|" vAstava meM honahAra durnivAra hai - kaise kaise balI bhUpa bhU para vikhyAta bhaye, bairIkula kA~pai neku bhauMha ke vikAra so| laMghe giri-sAyara divAyara-se di jinoM, kAyara kiye haiM bhaTa koTina hu~kAra soN| aise mahAmAnI mauta Aye ha na hAra mAnI, kyoM hI utareM na kabhI mAna ke pahAra soN| devasau na hAre puni dAno sauM na hAre aura, kAhUsauM na hAre eka hAre honahAra sauM 1. kAla sAmarthya - mRtyu se bacane ke lie aneka upAya karane para bhI mRtyu nahIM chor3atI - lohamaI koTa keI koTana kI oTa karo, kA~gurena topa ropi rAkho paTa bherike| indra candra cauMkAyata caukasa hai caukI deha caturaMga camU cahu~ ora raho gherikai|| tahA~ eka bhohirA banAya bIca baiTho puni, bolau mati koU jo bulAvai nAma tterikai| aise parapaMca pA~ti raco kyoM na bhA~ti bhA~ti, kaise hUna chorai jama dekhyoM hama herikai / ' mRtyu ke Ane para sampUrNa dhana-dhAma, kAma, aizvarya Adi jyoM ke tyoM par3e raha jAte haiM - 1 pArzvapurANa,kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 1, pRSTha 8 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 72 3. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 73

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410 mahAkadi bhUdharadAsa teja turaMga suraMga bhale ratha, matta mataMga ulaMga khare hI / dAsa khavAsa avAsa aTA dhana jora karorana koza bhare hI / / aise to kahA bhayo hera ! sonile uti anta kare hii| dhAma khare rahe kAma pare rahe, dAma gare rahe ThAma ghare hI // ' 12. rAjya aura lakSmI :- bhUdharadAsa rAjya ko mahApApoM kA kAraNa evaM Apasa meM vaira bar3hAnevAlA mAnate haiN| lakSmI ko vezyA ke samAna caMcala svAkarate haiM - rAjya samAja mahA aghakArana, baira bar3hAvana hArA / vezyA sama lachamI ati caMcala, yAkA kauna patithArA // 13. moha :- kavi moha ko mahAna zatru mAnakara zarIra ko kArAgRha, strI ko ber3I tathA parivAra ke logoM ko paharedAra nirUpita karatA hai - moha mahAripu baira vicAro, jaga jiya saMkaTa TAre / parijana jana rakhavAre | tana kArAgRha vanitA ber3I, 14. bhoga evaM tRSNA : pA~ca indriyoM ke viSaya-bhogoM ko bhogane se icchA tRpta nahIM hotI, apitu aura adhika bar3hatI hai - jyoM jyoM bhoga saMyoga manohara, manavAMchita jana pAvaiM / tRSNA nAgina tyoM tyoM DaMkai lahara jahara kI AvaiM // maiM cakrI pada pAya nirantara bhoge bhoga ghanere / to bhI tanika bhaye nahI pUrana, bhoga manoratha mere // ' isaliye kavi bhogoM kA niSedha karatA hai - tU nita cAhata bhoga nae nara ! pUrava punya vinA kima hai| karma saMjoga mile kahiM joga, gahe taba roga na bhoga sakai hai / 1. jainazataka, bhUgharadAsa, chanda 33 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pRSTha 18 3. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pRSTha 18 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra 3, pRSTha 18 - 3

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana o dina cAra kau byoMta banyauM kahu~, to pari durgati meM pachite haiN| yAhi yAra salAha yahI ki, gaI kara jAhu nivAha na hai hai / ' (tRSNA) AzArUpI nadI kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki - moha se mahAna U~ce parvata sauM Dhara AI, tihu~ jaga bhUtala meM yAhi visatarI hai| vividha manoratha maiM bhUri jala bharI haiM tisanA taraMgani sauM AkulatA gharI hai / pare bhrama - bhaura jahA~ rAga-so magara tahA~ ciMtA taTa tuMga dharmavRccha ThAya DharI hai| aisI yaha AzA nAma nadI hai agAdha tAkauM, dhanya sAdhu dhIraja - jahAja car3hi tarI hai // 2 kavi zarIra ke zithila hone para bhI tRSNA ko nirantara vRddhiMgata hI mAnatA hai| 15. deha :- kavi ne kaI sthAnoM 4 para deha ke svarUpa kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai, parantu isa varNana kA uddezya deha se virakti karAnA hI hai| udAharaNArtha 1. . jainazataka bhUdharadAsa, chanda 19 2, jainazataka, bhUgharadvAsa, chanda 76 3. (ka) kA~pata nAra bahe mukha lAra, mahAmati saMgati chori gaI hai| aMga upaga purAne pare, tizanA ura aura navIna bhaI hai / 411 (kha) teja ghaTyau tAva ghaTyau jItava ko cAva ghaTyo, aura saba ghaTyo eka tisanA dina dUnI sI // jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 38-39 4. (ka) deha apAvana adhira ghinAvana, yAmai sAra na koii| sAgara ke jalasoM zuci kIjai, to bhI zuci nahIM hoI // sAta kudhAtamaI malamUrati cAma lapeTI sohai / 35 aMtara dekhata yA sama jaga meM, aura apAvana ko hai / pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pRSTha 18 (kha) dipai cAma cAdara mar3I, hAr3a pIMjarA deha / bhItara yA sama jagata meM, aura nahIM ghinageha // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pRSTha 30 (ga) azuci asthi piMjara tana yeha, cAma vasana ber3ho vina geha! cetana cirA tahA~ nita rahe, so bina jJAna gilAni na gahe // pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pRSTha 64

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mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : mAta-pitA-raja- vIrajasauM, upajI saba sAta kudhAtu bharI hai| mAkhina ke para mAphika bAhara khAma ke beThana beDha gharI hai / / nAhiM to Aya lageM aba hI baka vAyasa jIva bacai na gharI hai| deha dazA yaha dIkhata bhrAta! ghinAta nahIM kina buddhi harI hai / ' 16. saMsAra kA svarUpa evaM samaya kI bahumUlyatA :- bhUdharadAsa ne saMsAra ke svarUpa kA vistAra se ati mArmika varNana kiyA hai / saMsAra kA svarUpa aura samaya kI bahumUlyatA ke sambandha meM kavi kA kathana hai - kAhU ghara putra jAyo kAhU ke viyoga Ayo, kAhU rAga-raMga kAhU roA roI karI hai| jahA~ bhAna Ugata uchAha gIta gAna dekhe, sAMjha samai tAhI thAna hAya hAya parI hai / dekhi bhayabhIta hoya, mati kone harI hai| aisI jagarIti ko na hA hA nara mUr3ha ! terI 412 mAnuSa janama pAya sovata vihAya jAya khovata karorana kI eka eka gharI hai / saMsAra kI ati vicitra sthiti dekhakara bhI ajJAnI cetatA nahIM - dekho bharajovana maiM putra ko viyoga Ayo, taiseM hI nihArI nijanArI kAlamaga maiM / je je punyavAna jIva dIsata hai yA mahI pai, raMka bhaye phirai teU panahIM na paga meM || 1. jainazataka bhUdharadAsa chanda 20 2 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA adhikAra 3 pRSTha 18 , 3. jainazataka bhUSaradAsa chanda 21 "

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 413 ete pai abhAga dhana jItaba sau dhare rAga, hoya na virAga jAnai rahU~gauM alaga maiN| A~khina vilauki aMdha sUse kI aMdherI kare, aise rAjaroga ko ilAja kahA jaga maiM / ' 17. avasthAoM kA varNana evaM Atmahita kI preraNA :- kavi bhUdharadAsa ne apane sAhitya meM mAnavavA kI tAra, duSkA garva isa avasthA kA varNana karate hue Atmahita ke lie saceta rahane kI preraNA dI hai - bAla avasthA bhaI vitIta / tarUlAI AI nija rIta / / so aba bItI jarA pasAra / marana divasa yoM pahuMce Aya / / bAlaka kAyA kuMpala soya / patrarUpa jobana meM hoya // pAko pAta jarA tana krai| kAla bayAri calata jhara parai / / maraNa ke pUrva saceta hone kI preraNA dete hue kavi kA kathana hai - pAnI pahale baMdhe jo pAla / vahI kAma Avai jalakAla / / yahI jAna Atamahita heta! karai vilamba na saMta sucet|| Aja kAla je karata rahAhi / te ajAna pIche pachatAhiM / ' kavi dvArA yahI bAta dUsare zabdoM meM isa prakAra kahI gaI hai - jaulauM deha tero kAhU rogasauM na gherI jaulauM, jarA nAhiM nerI jAsoM parAdhIna prihai| jaulauM jamanAmA bairI deya nA damAmA jaulauM, mAnai kAna rAmA buddhi jAi nA bigari hai / / taulau mitra mere nija kAraja saMvAra le re, pauruSa thakeMge aura pIche kahA kari hai| 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 35 2. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 29 3. pArdapurANa,kalakattA, adhikAra 4, pRSTha 29

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414 aho Age Aye jaba jhoparI jarana lAgI, kuA ke khudAyeM taba kauna kAja sari hai / ' sau varSa kI Ayu kA lekhA-jokhA dete hue kavi kahatA hai - sau varava Ayu tAkA lekhA kari dekhA sabai, AdhI tau akAratha sovata vihAya re / AyI maiM aneka roga bAla-vRddha-dazA bhoga, aise bIta jAya re // tAhi tu vicAra sahI, nIkeM ena lAya re // khAtira maiM Avai to khalAsI kara itane maiM, kAraja kI bAta yahI bhAvai phA~sa phaMda bIca dInau samujhAya re // 2 isI sandarbha meM kavi apanI kuzalatA ke bAre meM batAtA hai - joI dina kaTai soI, Ayu maiM avasi ghardai, aura hU saMyoga kete bAkI aba kahA rahI bU~da bU~da bItai jaiseM, aMjulI kau jala hai| deha nita kSIna hota, naina teja hIna hota, jobana malIna hota, chona hota bala hai / Avai jarA nerI, takai aMtaka aherI, Avai, parabhau najIka, jAta narabhau niphala hai| milakai milApI jana, pUchata kuzala merI, aisI dazA mAhIM mitra ! kAhe kI kuzala hai / nAmadidha 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 26 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 27 3. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 37

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 415 kavi ne bacapana aura javAnI ko kramaza: ajJAna va viSaya- bhogoM meM vyatIta karane kA varNana karate hue vRddhAvasthA meM sAvadhAna hone kI bAta aneka prakAra se kahI hai| sAtha hI bur3hApe kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| udAharaNArtha - AyA re bur3hApA mAnI, sudhi budhi bisarAnI // Teka // zravana kI zakti ghaTI, cAla calai attpttii| deha laTI bhUkha ghaTI, locana jhasta paanii|| 1 // dA~tana kI paMkti TUTI, hAr3ana kI saMdhi chuuttii| kAyA kI nagari lUTI, jAta nahIM pahicAnI / / 2 / bAloM ne varana pherA, roga ne zarIra gheraa| putrahu na Avai nera, auroM kI kahA khaanii|| 3 // "bhUdhara' samujhi aba, svahita karoge kb| yaha gati hai hai jaba, taba pachitaiheM prANI // 4 || 18. rAga aura vairAgya kA antara va vairAgya kI kAmanA - kavi rAga (mithyAtva) ke kAraNa hI bhoga, zarIra evaM saMsAra meM ekatvabuddhi va sukhabuddhi mAnatA hai tathA rAga (mithyAtva) ke abhAva hone para unase virakti mAnatA hai / rAga dai bhogabhAba lAgata suhAvane-se, binA rAga aise lAgeM jaise nAga kAre haiN| rAga hI sauM pAga rahe tana meM sadIva jIva rAga gaye Avata gilAni hota nyAre hai| rAga hI sauM jagarIti jhUThI saba sA~cI jAne, rAga miTe sUjhata asAra khela sAre hai| 1. jenazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 28 se 31 2 jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 38 evaM 39 3. prakIrNa pada * bhUdharadAsa

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416 rAgI - virAgI ke vicAra meM bar3oI bheda jaise bhaTA paca kAhU kAhU ko bayAre hai | t - vItarAgI hone kI bhAvanA bhAte hue kavi kA kathana hai kaba gRhavAsa soM udAsa hoya vana seU, veOM nijarUpa gati rokU~ mana karI kii| rahi hauM aDola eka Asana acala aMga, sahi hauM parIsA zIta- ghAma- megha - jharI kI // sAraMga samAja khAja kamadha khuje haiM Ani, dhyAna- dala jora jItU senA moha- arI kii| ekala bihArI jathAjAta liMgadhArI kaba, hoU~ icchAcArI balihArI hauM vA gharI kI // bhUdharadAsa ne saMsAra, aura bhogoM ke virakti ke lie unake svarUpa kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| sAtha hI bAraha bhAvanAoM kA cintana bhI kiyA hai| 1 jinakA varNana pUrva meM dhArmika vicAroM ke antargata kiyA jA cukA hai|" mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : " rAgI jIva ( mithyAdRSTi ) ko dharmopadeza denA nirarthaka mAnate hue kavi kA kathana hai - 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 18 2. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 17 3. prakIrNa pada sAhitya evaM bajranAbhi cakravartI kI vairAgya bhAvanA AyuhIna nara ko thathA auSadhi lage na leza / tyoM hI rAgI puruSa prati vRthA dharma upadeza // " pArzvapurANa, kalakatA, pRSTha 17 -18 4 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA pRSTha 30 evaM 64 1 5. isI zodhaprabandha, adhyAya 7 6 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, pRSTha 6

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana ke hA~ ora jarA ThIka se dekhate pAsa itanA dhana hai ki na 12 abhiyAna ni ke bhaNDAra bhare hai, bahuta se loga rAstA nihArate hue daravAje para khar3e rahate haiM, jo vAhanoM para car3hakara ghUmate haiM, jhInI AvAja meM bolate haiM, kisI kI bhI taka nahIM haiM, jinake bAre meM loga kahate haiM ki inake jAne ye use kaba taka khAyeMge, inakA dhana to aise vaise kabhI pUrA hI nahIM honevAlA hai, ve hI pApakarma kA udaya Ane para naMge pairoM phirate rahate haiM, kaMgAla hokara dUsaroM ke pairoM kI sevA karate phirate haiN| aho ! aisI sthiti hone para bhI ajJAnI jIva vaibhava pAkara abhimAna karate haiN| dhikkAra haiM unakI ulTI samajha ko, jo ve dharma nahIM sambhAlate haiM. .. W kaMcana bhaNDAra bhare motina ke puMja pare, ghane loga dvAra. khare mAraga nihaarte| jAna car3hi Dolata hai jhIne sura bolata haiM kAhU kI hU ora neka nIke nA citaarte| kolauM dhana khAMge kou kahe yo na lAgai, seI phirai pA~ya nAMge kAMge para paga jhArate / ete pai ayAne garabAne rahaiM vibhau pAya, dhika hai samajha aisI dharma nA saMbhArate // ' kavi abhimAna na karane kI bAta dUsaroM zabdoM meM isa prakAra kahatA hai - garaba nahiM kIjai re, ai nara niphTa ga~vAra / jhUThI kAyA jhUThI mAyA, chAyA jyoM lakhi lIje re / kaichina sAMjha suhAgarU jovana, kai china jaga meM jIjai re // 200. dhana ke sambandha meM cintana, dhanaprApti bhAgyAnusAra saMsArI prANI dhana prApta karane ke lie aneka vicAra karatA hai tathA dhana hone para aneka manasUbe bA~dhatA hai - cAhata hai dhana hoya kisI vidha, tau saba kAja sareM jiyarA jii| geha cinAya karU~ gahanA kachU byAhi sutA suta bA~Tiye bhAjI | 2. prakIrNa pada bhUdharadAsa 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, padya 34 417 -

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418 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : cintana yoM dina jAhiM cale, jama Ani acAnaka deta dagA jii| khelata khela khilAri gaye, rahi jAi rUpI zataraMja kI baajii||' parantu vAstava meM dhana kI prApti bhAgya ke anusAra hI hotI hai - jo dhanalAbha lilAra likhyau, ladhu dIragha sukrata ke anusaarai| so lahi hai kachu phera nahIM, marUdeza ke Dhera sumera sidhArai / / ghATa na bAr3ha kahIM vaha hoya kahA kara Avata soca vicArai / kUpa kiyauM bhara sAgara meM nara, gAgara mAna mila jala sArai / ' ata: vyakti ko pratyeka sthiti meM santuSTa rahanA caahiye| 21. mana kI pavitratA :- bhUdharadAsa bAhya veza-bhUSA ko badalane kI bAta na kahakara mana ko pavitra karane kI preraNA dete hai - bhAI! antara ujjavala karanA re // Teka / / kapaTa kRyAna tajai nahiM tabalo, karanI kAja na saranA re / / japa tapa tIratha yajJa pratAdika, Agama artha utaranA re| viSaya kaSAya kIca nahiM dhoyo, yoM hI paci paci maranA re|| bAhira bheSa kriyA ura zuci soM, kiye pAra utaranA re| nAhIM hai saba loka raMjanA, aise vedana varanA. re // kAmAdika mana soM mana mailA, bhajana kiye kyA tiranA re| bhUdhara nola vasana para kaise, kesara raMga ucharanA re / ' 22. hiMsA kA niSedha - bhUdharadAsa hiMsA ko pApa kA kAraNa, durgati dene vAlI tathA sva aura para ko duHkhadAyI mAnate haiN| hiMsA karama parama adha heta, hiMsA duragati ke dukha det| hiMsAsoM bhamiye saMsAra, hiMsA nija para ko dukhkaar| 1. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 32 2, jainazataka, pUdharadAsa, chanda 75 3. pada sAhitya (prakIrNa pada ) bhUdharadAsa 4 pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, pRSTha 10

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 419 jIvoM kA vadha karane para pApa nizcita rUpa se hotA hai tathA pApa se durgati ke dukha prApta hote haiM - jahA~ jIvadha hoya lagAra nahIM mArA upajai nirAdhAra / pApa sahI durgati dukha deya, yAta dayAhIna tapa khey||' ata: jIvavadha evaM dayArahita tapa niSedhya hai| yajJa meM pazubali (hiMsA ) kA niSedha karane ke lie kavi pazu kI ora se kathana karatA hai - kahai pazu dIna suna yajJa ke karaiyA mohi homata hutAzana meM kauna sI bar3AI hai| svargasukha meM na cahauM "dehu mujhe yoM na kahauM, ghAsa khAya rahoM mere yahI mana bhAI hai|| jo tU yaha jAnata hai veda yauM bakhAnata hai agya jalau jIva pAvai svarga sukhadAI hai| DAre kyoM na vIra yAmeM apane kuTumba hI kauM, mohI jani jAre jagadIza kI duhAI hai| 23. saptavyasana niSedha :- juA khelanA, mAMsa pakSaNa, madyapAna, vezyAsevana, zikAra, corI aura parastrI-ramaNa - ina sAta vyasanoM kA niSedha karate hue bhUdharadAsa kahate haiM - juA khelana mAMsa mada vezyA visana zikAra / corI pararamanI - ramaNa sAtoM pApa nivAra // zrI guru zikSA sAMbhalai, (jJAnI) sAta vyasana parityAgo re| ye jaga meM pAtaka bar3e (jJAnI) ina mAraga mata lAgo re / / " 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA , bhUdharadAsa, pRSTha 62 2. jainazataka, pUdharadAsa, chanda 47 3. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 50 4. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUgharadAsa, pRSTha 846

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420 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : kavi ne samAja meM sadAcAra aura naitikatA kI sthApanA ke lie ina sabake doSoM kA vistRta vivecana karake tyAgane kI preraNA dI hai| jinakA varNana dhArmika vicAroM ke antargata vivecya darzana pratimA' meM kiyA jA cukA hai| isI sandarbha meM kavi ne kuzIla kI nindA tathA zIla kI prazaMsA bhI kI hai| ___24. miSTa vacana kI preraNA :- kaTu vacana bolane ke doSa evaM miSTa vacana bolane ke guNoM ko batAte hue kavi kA kathana hai - kAhe ko bolata bola bure nara ! nAhaka kyoM jasa dharma gmaavai| komala vaina cavai kina aina, lagai kachu hai na sabai mana bhAvai / / tAlu chidai rasanA na bhidai, na dhaTai kachu aMka daridra na aavai| jIbha kahaiM jiya hAni nahIM tujha, jo saba jIvana ko sukha pAve // ' ata: vyakti ko hita-mitta-priyavacana hI bolanA caahiye| ___25. manarUpI hAthI kA varNana :- svacchanda manarUpI hAthI kA varNana karate hue kavi bhUdharadAsa use vairAgyarUpI khambhe se bA~dhakara vaza meM karane kI bAta kahate haiM - jJAnamahAvata DAri, sumati saMkala gahi khNdde| guru - aMkuza narhi ginai, brahmavat-virakha vihaMDai / / kara sighaMta-sara nhAna, keli agha-raja so ThAne / karana - capalatA dharai, kumati-karanI rati maan|| Dolata suchanda padamatta ati, guNa - pathika na Avata hai / vairAgya - khambharai bA~dha nara, mana- mataMga vicarata bure|| 1. (ka) jainazataka, bhUgharadAsa, chanda 51 se 63 (kha) pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, bhUdharadAsa, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 86 2. prastuta zodha prabandha, saptama adhyAya 3. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 59 se 60 4. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 70 5. jainazataka, bhUdharadAsa, chanda 61

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 421 isa prakAra bhUdharadAsa ke sAhitya meM aneka naitikavicAra dRSTigata hote haiN| ina vicAroM ko jIvana (AcaraNa) meM utArakara hI vyakti, samAja, deza aura vizva meM sukha-zAnti sthApita kI jA sakatI hai aura mAnasika kaSToM (moha-rAgadveSa Adi vikArI bhAvoM) se chuTakArA pAyA jA sakatA hai| bhUdharadAsa dvArA varNita samagra dArzanika dhArmika evaM naitika vicAroM kA uddezya mAnava kI mithyAtva, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi vikArI bhAvoM se mukta karAkara vItarAgatA evaM atIndriya sukha prApta karAnA hai| vItarAgatA ko prApta AtmA saMsAra, zarIra, bhogoM yA sampUrNa bhautika sukhoM meM Asakta nahIM hotA hai| bhedajJAna evaM AtmAnubhUti hone ke kAraNa use sva-para kI saccI pahicAna ho jAtI hai jisase paradravyoM meM svAmitva (ekatva) - mamatva - kartRtva evaM bhoktRtva - buddhi samApta ho jAtI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM mithyAdarzana kA nAza hokara samyagdarzana prApta ho jAtA hai / samyagdRSTi jIva samasta rAgAdi vibhAva bhAvoM meM heyabuddhi chor3ane kI mAnyatA hone se vratAdi kA pAlana karate hue gRhasthadharma yA munidharma kA AcaraNa karatA hai| dharmAcaraNa se yukta jIva ke naitikatA evaM sadAcAra kA pAlana tathA anIti, anyAya evaM abhakSya Adi kA tyAga svata: hI (sahajarUpa se) ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra bhUdharasAhitya meM varNita dArzanika, dhArmika evaM naitika vicAra vyakti ke antartama (AtmA) ko prakAzita karane ke lie Aloka stambha hai / / isa advitIya Aloka meM AtmA vItarAgI (rAga dveSa rahita) evaM sarvajJa banakara ananta sukhI (nirAkula) evaM kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai| vastutaH yahI mAnavajIvana kA carama lakSya (mokSa-prApti) hai|

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422 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : suna jJAnI ...... suna jJAnI prANI, zrI guru sIkha sayAnI // Teka // nara bhava pAya, viSaya mati sevo, ye duragati agavAnI / / ||sun jJAnI prANI. // yaha bhava, kula, yaha terI mahimA, phira samajhI jinavANI / isa avasara meM yaha capalAI, kauna samajha ura AnI / / ||sun jJAnI prANI. // candana kATha kanaka ke bhAjana, bhari gaMgA kA paanii| tila khara rAMdhata maMda matI jo, tujha kyA rIsa virAnI / / ||sun jJAnI prANI // 'bhUdhara' jo kathanI so karanI, yaha budhi hai sukhadAnI / jyoM mazAlacI Apa na dekhe, so mati kahai kahAnI // " suna jJAnI prANI. // - bhUdharadAsa

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aSTama adhyAya hindI santa sAhitya ke sandarbha meM bhUdhara sAhitya kA mUlyAMkana santa zabda kA artha jannata padA santa mata para anya prabhAva sAhitya asAhitya kA nirNaya santoM kA kAvyAdarza santa sAhitya ko vizeSatAe~- samAnatAe~ asamAnatAe~ navama adhyAya upasaMhAra : bhUdharadAsa kA yogadAna ( ka ) upasaMhAra (kha) bhUdharadAsa kA yogadAna

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana hindI santa sAhitya meM bhUyasAhitya yA mUlyAkaMDa santa zabda kA artha : hindI santa" zabda ke saMkucita aura udAtta - jina do arthoM kA prArambha meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai, unameM udAtta zabda artha meM koI matavaibhinya hai hI nahIM / parantu saMkucita artha meM hindI AlocanA zAstra meM "santa" zabda nIcI jAti meM utpanna, azikSita kabIra Adi nirguNa brahma ke anuyAyiyoM ke lie prayukta huA hai; jabaki jaina sAhitya meM "santa" zabda kA prayoga sAmAnyata: sAdhu ke lie huA hai| jaina sAdhu 5 mahAvrata, 5 samiti, 5 indriyajaya, 6 Avazyaka aura 7 zeSa guNa - ina 28 mUla guNoM kA pAlana karate haiN| sAtha hI pA~ca indriyoM kI AzA se rahita, samasta Arambha aura parigraha se rahita, jJAna dhyAna aura tapa meM lIna rahate haiN| paradravyoM meM moha, rAga, dveSa nahIM karate haiN| AtmasvarUpa meM lIna rahate haiN| kSadhAdi 22 parISahoM ko jItate haiN| uttamakSamAdi 10 dharmoM kA pAlana karate haiM / anityAdi 12 bhAvanAoM kA cintana karate haiN| anazanAdi 12 prakAra ke tapoM ko tapate haiN| saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM se pUrNata: virakta rahate haiM / jaba ki nirguNa santoM meM ye vizeSaNa nahIM pAye jAte haiM; ata: jaina sAdhurUpa santa aura nigurNa brahma kI upAsanA karane vAle kabIra Adi santa pRthak-pRthak hI haiN| ___ "santa" zabda kA sAmAnya artha, sajjana, astitva bodhaka, parahita meM nirata, dayA, kSamA, prema, sahiSNutA Adi mAnavIya guNoM se yukta vyakti lene para jaina sadgRhastha bhI santa kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jaina dharma kA pAlana karane vAlA sAdhAraNa zrAvaka bhI aSTa mUlaguNoM kA dhArI, sapta vyasanoM kA tyAgI tathA anIti, anyAya, amakSya Adi kA tyAgI hotA hai / vaha deva pUjA, gurupAsanA Adi SaT AvazyakoM kA pAlana karatA hai| vratI zrAvaka 5 aNvata, 3 guNavata aura 4 zikSAvrata ina 12 vratoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| ata: jaina sadgRhastha ko bhI jisakA AcaraNa zuddha hai, jo IzvarasvarUpa AtmaguNoM meM anurakta hai, saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM se AMzika rUpa se virakta hai - *santa" kahA jA sakatA hai / jaina gRhastha rUpa santa lokamAnya ucca kula meM utpanna tathA zikSita hotA hai; jabaki kabIra Adi santa nimna kula meM utpanna evaM azikSita yA arddhazikSita mAne gaye haiN| ata: jaina gRhastha santa aura kabIra Adi santa bhI spaSTa bhinna pratIta hote haiN| ----- - - - - 1, prastuta zodha prabandha. prathama adhyAya 2. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, bhUmikA

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424 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bhUdharadAsa jaina sadgRhastha hone se kabIra Adi santoM se bhinna hI haiM; parantu unameM kabIra Adi hindI santoM ke aneka lakSaNa mila jAte haiN| ata: hama unheM hindI santa kaviyoM ke nikaTavartI mAnate haiN| DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla ne apane grantha "rAjasthAna ke jaina santa vyaktitva evaM kRtitva" meM saMvat 1450 se 1750 ke rAjasthAna ke jaina so 60 prakAza DAlA hai| isa sandarbha meM unakA kathana hai - "ina 300 varSoM meM bhaTTAraka hI AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM sarva sAdhu ke rUpa meM janatA dvArA pUjita the|..ye bhaTTAraka apanA AcaraNa zramaNa paramparA ke pUrNata: anukUla rakhate the| ye apane saMgha ke pramukha hote the... saMgha meM muni, brahmacArI, AryikAeM bhI rahA karatI thiiN|..in 300 varSoM meM ina bhaTTArakoM ke atirikta anya kisI bhI sAdhu kA svataMtra astitva nahIM rahA. isalie ye bhaTTAraka aura unake ziSya brahmacArI pada vAle sabhI santa the| uparyukta kathana se bhaTTAraka evaM unake ziSya brahmacArI Adi bhI santa kI koTi meM Ate haiN| parantu bhUdharadAsa ina bhaTTArakIya santoM kI paramparA meM nahIM Ate haiN| ___isaprakAra na to digambara jaina sAdhu paramparA ke santa the, na bhaTTArakIya jaina sAdhu yA brahmacArI the aura na kabIra Adi nirguNa jJAnamArgI santa the / vastuta: ve eka aise jaina sadgRhastha the, jo AdhyAtmika ruci aura jaina sAdhanA meM saMlagna the| ve jagata meM rahakara bhI usase nirlipta the| ve paropakArI, dayAlu evaM parahitacintaka mahApuruSa hone se santa kI koTi meM Ate haiN| niSkarSata: bhUdharadAsa hindI santa paramparA se pRthak hokara bhI usake nikaTa hai; kyoMki unameM kabIra Adi santoM ke aneka guNa dRSTigata hote haiM / isaprakAra santa zabda nirguNa santoM aura saguNa bhaktoM ke sAtha-sAtha una sabhI AdhyAtmika ruci evaM pravRtti vAle sAdhanAzIla gRhastha vyaktiyoM kA bodha karAtA hai, jinakI eka kar3I bhUdharadAsa bhI haiN| 1. rAjasthAna ke baina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla prastAvanA pRSTha 6

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 425 santa paramparA : hindI santa ke artha yA lakSaNa ke samAna hindI santa paramparA kI dRSTi se kabIra Adi santoM kI paramparoM meM mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa nahIM Ate haiN| kabIra ko kendra mAnakara pUrvavartI sana paramparaH, kAra ko samakAlIna paramparA evaM uttarakAlIna santa paramparA - isaprakAra hindI santa paramparA ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai, jisakA vivecana yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai| jabaki bhUdharadAsa jisa paramparA meM Ate haiM, vaha karoDoM varSa pahale hae jaina dharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva (AdinAtha) se calI AI huI zramaNa paramparA hai| ve zramaNa paramparA ke pravartaka na hokara anuyAyI sadgRhastha zrAvaka hI haiN| jahA~ jaina tIrthaMkara zramaNa paramparA ke pravartaka mAne jAte haiM, vahA~ sAdhu evaM gRhastha usI paramparA ke anusaraNakartA kahe jAte haiN| isaprakAra bhUdharadAsa kabIra Adi nirguNa santoM kI paramparA meM na Akara jaina tIrthaMkaroM evaM jainAcAryoM dvArA pravartita jaina zramaNa paramparA ke samarthaka jaina vidvAnoM kI paramparA meM Ate haiN| 16 vIM zatAbdI taka aneka jaina vidvAna kavi, sAhityakAra, lekhaka, vaktA Adi hue haiM, jinhoMne jinavANI kI mahatI sevA karate hue jaina dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM paryApta yogadAna diyA hai| bhUdharadAsa usI zrRMkhalA kI eka kar3I ke rUpa meM pratiSThita haiM arthAt mUdharadAsa jaina tIrthakaroM, jainAcAryoM ke anuyAyI jaina vidvAnoM kI paramparA meM samAhita haiN| santa mata para anya prabhAva yA santa mata ke AdhAra : santa mata para upaniSad, vedAnta, siddhasampradAya, nAtha sampradAya, islAma dharma, bauddha dharma, jaina dharma, sUphI mata Adi kA sabhI kA prabhAva mAnA gayA hai|' jabaki bhUdharadAsa ke sAhitya para upaniSada, vedAnta, siddhoM, nAthoM, musalamAnoM, bauddhoM, sUphiyoM Adi kA prabhAva na hokara jaina tIrthaMkaroM, jainAcAryoM evaM pUrvavartI jaina vidvAnoM kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / bhUdharadAsa dvArA pratipAdita viSaya-vastu jo ki pUrNatayA jaina dharma sammata hai, jaina zramaNa paramparA ke anurUpa hai / prastutIkaraNa meM navInatA yA maulikatA hone para bhI saiddhAntika vivecana pUrNata: Agama sammata evaM pUrva paramparA poSita hI hai| ata: hindI santa kaviyoM ke samAna bhUdharadAsa 1. prastuta zodha prabandha,prathama adhyAya : santa paramparA 2. jena sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga 4 DaoN. nemicanda jena 3, prastuta zodha prabandha, paMcama adhyAya * padasaMgraha kA bhAvapakSIya anuzIlana

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426 mahAkavi pUparadAsa : uparyukta sabhI matoM se prabhAvita nahIM haiM, isalie bhUdharadAsa ke sAhitya ko hindI santoM ke usa sAhitya ke antargata samAhita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jo aneka prabhAvoM ko apane meM AtmasAt karake udita huA hai| vAstava meM bhUdharasAhitya sampUrNa jaina sAhitya kA eka aMza hai / jaina sAhitya aura jainadharma ne hindI saMta sAhitya ko kAphI hada taka prabhAvita kiyA hai / santa mata svayaM jainadarzana evaM jainadharma se prerita va prabhAvita hai; jisakA sapramANa vivecana pUrva meM kiyA jA cukA sAhitya-asAhitya kA nirNaya :__ santa kAvya ke sAhitya yA asAhitya hone ke sandarbha meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ke matoM ko uddhRta karake hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~ca sakate haiM ki jisaprakAra santa sAhitya anubhUtipradhAna, dhArmika, AdhyAtmika evaM upadezapradhAna hai| usI prakAra bhUdharasAhitya bhI anubhUti pradhAna, dhArmika, AdhyAtmika, naitika evaM upadezapradhAna hai| AcArya hajArIprasAda dvivedI jaise labdhapratiSTha manISI naitika dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika sAhitya ko sAhitya kI sImA se bAhara nahIM rakhanA cAhate haiN| isa sambandha meM ve kahate haiM -"kevala naitika aura dhArmika yA AdhyAtmika upadezoM ko dekhakara yadi hama graMthoM ko sAhitya kI sImA ke bAhara nikAlane lageMge to hameM tulasI kI rAmAyaNa se bhI alaga honA par3egA, kabIra kI racanAoM ko bhI namaskAra kara denA par3egA aura. jAyasI ko bhI dUra se daNDavat karake vidA kara denA hogaa| ...dhArmika preraNA yA AdhyAtmika upadeza honA kAvyatva kA bAdhaka nahIM samajhA jAnA caahie| ata: jisaprakAra santa kAvya ko sAhitya kI sImA ke bAhara nahIM rakhA jA sakatA hai; usIprakAra bhUdharadAsa ke sAhitya ko sAhitya kI sImA se bAhara nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| kAvyAdarza : santoM ne apane kAvyAdarzoM ke bAre meM apane vicAra vibhinna prakAra se vyakta kiye haiN| jisaprakAra santoM kA kAvyAdarza brahmavicAra, brahma kA yazomAna 1. prastuta zodha prabandha, prathama adhyAya - santa mata para anya prabhAva 2. prastuta zodha prabandha,prathama adhyAya - santa kAvya : sAhitya-asAhitya kA nirNaya 3. hindI kA AdikAla - DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, pRSTha 11 4. prastuta zodha prabandha,prathama adhyAya - santa sAhitya kA kAvyAdarza

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 427 evaM AtmasAdhanA kA sAra hai; usI prakAra bhUdharadAsa kA kAvyAdarza janma-maraNa ke duHkhoM evaM cAra gati va caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM ko AvAgamana se chuTakArA dilAkara AtmasAdhanA ke sArarUpa mokSaprApti karAnA hai| isalie ve mokSa ko sarvaprakAra se uttama kahate haiM - "saba visi tadAra mokSa vinAta mA .li mokSa ko uttama kahakara mokSa ke kAraNarUpa bhAvoM ko bhI grahaNa karane yogya batalAte haiM "tAta je zivakArana bhAva / teI gahana joga mana lAva // sAtha hI saMsAra va saMsAra ke kAraNoM ko chor3ane yogya pratipAdita karate yaha jagavAsa mahAdukharUpa / tAtai bhramata dukhI cidrUpa / / jina bhAvana upajai saMsAra / te saba tyAga joga niradhAra // ' sanata kabIra ke samAna * bhUdharadAsa bhI apanI racanAoM dvArA saMsAra se pAra hone kI bAta karate haiM - prabhu upadeza pota car3hi dhIra / aba sukha soM je haiM una tiir| tuma vAnI kUcI kara dhaar| aba bhavi jIva laha payasAra / ' jisaprakAra santa kavitA dvArA sva aura para kA kalyANa cAhate haiM tathA usase kisI laukika aizvarya yA sammAna Adi kI cAha nahIM karate haiN| usI prakAra bhUdharadAsa bhI mAna - bar3hAI Adi ke lie kavitA na karake svayaM aura dUsare ke hita ke lie kavitA karate haiN|' .... . - . . 1. pAcapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 7 2. pArzvapurANa,kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 7 3. pArzvapurANa,kalakattA, adhikAra 9 pRSTha 77 4. harijI yahai vicAriyA, sASI kaho kabIra / pau sAgara meM jIva hai,je koI pakar3e viir|| 5. pAzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 7, pRSTha 64 6. jaulo kavi kAvya heta, Agama ke akSara ko...| pAzvapurANa, pRSTha 2

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428 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : jisaprakAra santoM ne brahmaguNagAna yA hari kA yazogAna karane ke lie kAvyaracanA kI; usIprakAra bhUdharadAsa ne bhI apane iSTa ke guNagAna hetu racanA "prabhu caritra misa kiyapi yaha kInoM prabhu guNagAna / " niSkarSata: jisaprakAra santoM kA kAvyAdarza brahmaguNagAna ke sAtha-sAtha pustaka jJAna kI nirarthakatA, bAhyAcAroM kI hInatA, saMsAra va mAyA kI nindA karate hue kAma-krodhAdi mAnasika rogoM se mukta kara zuddha banane kI preraNA denA, brahma meM nirata rahane kA upadeza denA hai / usIprakAra bhUdharadAsa ke sAhitya kA Adarza bhI saMsAra, zarIra va bhogoM kI anityatA, nissAratA, duHkharUpatA batalAkara rAgAdi vikArI bhAvoM se mukta hone evaM AtmA meM lIna hone kI preraNA denA hai| santa sAhitya kI vizeSAtAe~ - santa sAhitya meM kalApakSa sambandhI aneka vizeSatAe~ haiM / vibhinna vidvAnoM ne santa sAhitya kI vividha vizeSatAoM kI ora dhyAna dilAkara unakI vivecanA kI hai| jinakA vivecana prastuta zodha prabandha meM yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai / samAnatAoM aura asamAnatAoM kA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai - samAnatAe~ - santasAhitya aura bhUdharasAhitya meM yA bhUdharadAsa evaM santoM meM aneka samAnatAe~ dikhalAI detI haiM; jo nimnalikhita haiM 1. IzvarIya prema evaM mAnavIya prema donoM meM hai| 2. AdhyAtmika vivAha evaM virahamAva donoM meM haiN| 3. Izvara ke prati bhaktibhAva evaM sevA bhAva donoM meM hai| 4. guru kA mahatva donoM meM samAna hai| 5. satsaMgati kA mahatva donoM meM hai| 6. vairAgyapUrvaka mAnavIya guNoM kA mahattva donoM meM hai / 7. ahaMkAra evaM viSayatRSNA ke tyAga kI preraNA donoM meM hai| 1. pArzvapurANa, kalakattA, adhikAra 9, pRSTha 25 2. prastuta zodha prabandha, prathama adhyAya, santa sAhitya kI vizeSatAe~

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 8. bAhyADambaroM kA virodha tathA hRdaya kI pavitratA donoM meM hai| AdhyAtmika viSayoM kA pratipAdana donoM meM samAna hai| anubhavajJAna evaM bhAva kA mahatva donoM meM hai / ArAdhya kI anya devoM se mahattA donoM meM hai / dInatA va svadoSa darzana donoM meM hai t 9. 10. 11, 12. 13. 13. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 222222222 23. 24. 25. saMsAra, zarIra, bhogoM kA varNana va svarga-naraka kA varNana lagabhaga samAna hai / 429 rItikAlIna zrRMgArika kAvya kI AlocanA donoM sAhityoM meM haiM / puNya-pApa vikAroM kA varNana donoM meM sAmAnya rUpa se huA hai| AtmA kA sUkSma vivecana donoM meM hai I Izvara kI sattA kI svIkRti donoM meM hai| donoM ke anusAra saMsAra duHkhamaya haiM / duHkha kA kAraNa ajJAna, mAyA yA bhrama hai| bhrama mRgamarIcikA ke samAna hai| donoM ne ise samAna hI mAnA hai| donoM ne sukha duHkha meM sAmya sthApita kiyA hai / donoM ke anusAra jaba taka deha se mamatA moha hai, taba taka azAnti hai| moha bhaMga hote hI zAnti mila jAtI hai / mana para donoM ne vistAra se carcA kI hai I donoM ke anusAra antaraMga se virakta hI saccA vairAgI haiM, mAtra bheSa badalane se koI vairAgI nahIM ho jAtA 1 bhUdharadAsa ke isI rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| anusAra tapa mokSa dene vAlA hai| santoM ne bhI tapa ko bhaya, AzA, sneha aura lAbha se rahita bhakti hI saccI bhakti hai| ise donoM ne mAnA hai|

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430 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: mRtyu kI anivAryatA evaM punarjanma honA, donoM ne svIkAra kiyA hai / sadAcAra yA AcaraNa para donoM ne samAna bala diyA / donoM ne UMca-nIca kA bheda svIkAra kiyA arthAt jAtivAda kA virodha donoM ne kiyA / sAdhanA ke lie sAdhu ke sAtha-sAtha gRhastha jIvana kA samarthana donoM ne kiyA / mAMsa khAnA, zarAba pInA, juA khelanA, vezyA evaM parastrI kA sevana karanA, zikAra karanA, corI karanA Adi vyasanoM kA niSedha donoM ne samAna rUpa se kiyA hai / dhArmika pAkhaMr3oM evaM kriyAkANDoM kA virodha donoM ne kiyA / dAna kA mahatva donoM ne samAna rUpa se pratipAdita kiyA / satya, ahiMsA, dayA, kSamA, mauna, AtmasaMyama, santoSa Adi kA mahatva donoM ne samAna pratipAdita kiyA tathA duSpravRttiyoM para roka lgaaii| nArI yA kAma bhAva kA niSedha evaM brahmacarya para bala donoM meM samAna haiM / nindA karane vAloM kI paravAha na karane kA upadeza donoM meM hai / zarIra zuddhi ke sAtha aMtaraMga kI zuddhi para bala donoM meM diyA gayA hai / donoM ke dvArA vyavahAra kI mahattA yA kathanI karanI ke aikya para samAna bala diyA gayA hai| maitrI bhAva kI preraNA evaM samAja sudhAra kI bhAvanA donoM meM samAna rUpa se dikhalAI detI hai / yadyapi santasAhitya meM bhakti kA niSedha nahIM hai, tathApi santa mAtra bhakta na rahakara bhagavAna bhI bana jAnA cAhatA hai / usIprakAra bhUdharasAhitya meM bhakti kA vidhAna hokara bhI bhakta se bhagavAna banane kA mArga prazasta kiyA gayA hai I

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 431 cUMki santoM meM svAzraya evaM puruSArtha kI bhAvanA prabala hotI hai, vaha apane AtmaguNoM ko vikasita kara svayaM bhagavAna bana jAnA cAhatA hai| bhakta svayaM bhagavAna nahIM bananA cAhatA, apitu usakA ananya dAsa banakara hI kRtakRtya ho jAtA hai / isa dRSTi se vaidika dharma-paramparA mukhyataH bhaktikAvya kI paramparA hai tathA zramaNa paramparA santa kAvya kI paramparA hai; kyoMki usameM AtmA se paramAtmA banane kI sAdhanA paddhati kA vidhAna hai| isI dRSTi se bhUdharasAhitya bhI santa sAhitya ke nikaTa mAnA jA sakatA hai; kyoMki usameM bhI svAzraya evaM puruSArtha dvArA bhagavAna banane kI vidhi batalAI gaI hai| santasAhitya ke samAna bhUdharasAhitya bhI bhAvAtmaka evaM anubhUtipradhAna hai / jisaprakAra santa sAhitya kA mUla lakSya satya kA nirUpaNa, vibecana evaM pracAra-prasAra hai; usIprakAra bhUdhara sAhitya kA bhI hai I jisaprakAra santasAhitya meM jana-jana ke hita evaM udbodhana kI bhAvanA hai usIprakAra sAhitya zrI sarvasAdhAraNa ke kalyANa ke hai lie racA gayA I jisaprakAra santoM kI bhASA meM aneka bhASAoM ke zabda mila gaye haiM / usI prakAra bhUdharadAsa kI bhASA meM bhI aneka bhASAoM ke zabda pAye jAte haiM / santasAhitya kI bhASA ke samAna bhUdharasAhitya kI bhASA bhI sarala, sahaja, kRtrimatAvihIna evaM janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~cane meM samartha hai| bhUdharadAsa kI upadezapradhAna zailI aura santoM kI upadezapradhAna zailI meM kAphI samAnatA hai| I chandoM ke prayoga, vibhinna rAgoM kA vyavahAra evaM padoM kI zailI donoM sAhitya meM samAna rUpa se pAI jAtI hai| donoM kA pratipAdana tatkAlIna dezabhASA janabhASA meM huA hai| vinaya kA mahattva donoM meM hai / donoM sAhitya ke mUla meM dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika bhAvanA samAna hai|

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432 mahAkavi pUdharadAsa : asamAnatAe~ : santa sAhitya aura bhUdharasAhitya meM aneka asamAnatAe~ bhI haiM; jo nimnalikhita haiM 1. jahA~ santoM kA nirguNa brahma sadasadvilakSaNa, bhAvAbhAvavinirmukta, agama, alakha, niraMjana, nirguNa va anirvacanIya hai / anAma hone para bhI nAmavAlA, arUpa hone para bhI rUpamaya, nirAkAra hone para AkAra vAlA nirguNa hone para bhI guNamaya hai| vahA~ bhUdharadAsa kA rAma yA brahma paramAtmA ke rUpa meM nizcita svarUpavAlA hai| yadyapi vaha kisI dRSTi se anirvacanIya hai; parantu phira bhI usakA spaSTatayA kathana kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaha paramabrahma ( paramAtmA) arahanta ke rUpa meM 46 guNavAlA tathA siddha ke rUpa meM 8 guNavAlA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ananta guNavAlA hokara bhI 46 aura 8 guNa rUpa nizcitasvarUpa vAlA hai| bhUdharasAhitya meM yadyapi nirguNa brahma ko siddha parameSThI ke rUpa meM svIkArA jA sakatA hai; parantu siddha ke atirikta arahanta, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu parameSThI ko bhI pUjya mAnA gayA hai / arahanta aura siddha vItarAgatA aura sarvajJatA kI dRSTi se samAna hone para bhI hitopadezI hone ke kAraNa arahanta ko prathama pUjyatA pradAna kI gaI hai / pratyeka parameSThI kA eka nizcita svarUpa mAnA gayA hai / brahma prArambha se bhagavAna haiM, jabaki arahanta va siddha pahale saMsArI the, bAda meM bhagavAna bane / arahanta parameSThI meM saguNa kI tathA siddha parameSThI meM nirguNa brahma kI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| paramAtmA rUpa brahma meM kartRtva kA Aropa hone para sahaja jJAtRtva hotA hai| 2. bhUdharadAsa ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA ajara-amara evaM avinAzI haiN| zakti apekSA siddha samAna hone para bhI vyakti paryAya apekSA saMsArI hai| jahA~ santoM kA jIva brahma kA aMza hai; vahA~ bhUdharadAsa dvArA varNita jIva, brahma kA aMza na hokara eka svataMtra sattAvAlA caitanya padArtha hai| pratyeka AtmA sva ko jAnakara, pahicAnakara aura apane meM lIna hokara paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| pratyeka jIva, svAvalambanarUpa puruSArtha dvArA paramAtmA banatA hai arthAt Izvaratva prApti puruSArtha dvArA hotI hai, kisI ke AzIrvAda yA kRpA dvArA nhiiN|

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 433 ___3. bhUdharadAsa dvArA iSTa kA nAma smaraNa karane para bhI bhAvapUrvaka nAma lene se kAryasiddhi hone kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai; mAtra nAma lene se kAryasiddhi nahIM hotI hai / isIprakAra nAmasmaraNa kI mahimA batalAne para bhI bhAva kI hI mahimA hai; kyoMki jaise bhAva hote haiM, vaisA hI phala prApta hotA hai / nAma lene se phala meM atizayatA kA Aropa hone para bhI sahaja jJAtRtta rahatA hai / kartRta yA atizayatA kA kathana vyavahAranaya se kiyA jAtA hai| 4. guru kA mahatva santasAhitya aura bhUdharasAhitya meM samAna hone para bhI bhUdharasAhitya meM guru saMjJA, sirpha AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI hI hotI hai. anya kisI kI nahIM / yadyapi loka meM mAtA-pitA evaM zikSA guru ko bhI guru mAnA jAtA hai, parantu vAstava meM dharmaguru dharma meM zreSTha vyakti hI mAne jA sakate haiM aura ve AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu hI haiN| bhUdharadAsa dvArA guru kI mahimA. guru kA svarUpa batalAte hue guNaparaka dRSTi se kI gaI hai / unake dvArA pratipAdita guru ke guNoM kA kathana jainadharmasammatta hai, jo santoM se apanA vaiziSTya rakhatA 5. hindI ke kabIra Adi nirguNa santa guru yA AcArya paramparA ko bahuta adhika mahatva dete haiM; jabaki bhUdharadAsa jisa jainasadgRhastha rUpa santa yA sajjana vyakti ke rUpa meM mAne gaye haiM, usakI koI AcArya yA guruparamparA nahIM hai| 6. santakAvya par3he likhe logoM meM AdaraNIya nahIM mAnA gayA, jabaki bhUdharasAhitya sabake dvArA sammAnIya samajhA gyaa| 7. prAya: santakavi nimna vargoM se AvirbhUta hue aura unake dvArA pravartita sampradAyoM meM bhI prAya: nimnavarga hI sammilita huaa| parantu bhUdharadAsa lokamAnya ucca kula se sambandhita the tathA unake dvArA isa taraha kA koI sampradAya pravartana bhI nahIM huA, jisameM nimna varga ke loga zAmila hue hoN| 8. santoM kI racanAe~ sAhityika dRSTi se utkRSTa nahIM mAnI gaI; parantu bhUdharadAsa kI racanAe~ sAhityika dRSTi se bhI uccakoTi kI haiN| 1. gurustuti - bhUdharadAsa : prakIrNa sAhitya te guru mere mana naso

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa 9. santa kAvya kA jo mahattva sAmAjika, dhArmika, sAMskRtika aura rAjanItika dRSTi se hai, vaha sAhityika dRSTi se nahIM hai; jabaki bhUdharasAhitya kA mahattva ukta sabhI dRSTiyoM se hai / 434 10. santoM ne prAyaH mahAkAvya kI racanA nahIM kI hai, jabaki bhUdharasAhitya ne jaina dharma ke teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanArtha ke caritra kA citraNa karane vAle "pArzvapurANa" nAmaka mahAkAvya kI racanA kI hai| isa mahAkAvya kI racanA meM unhoMne kAvyazAstra meM mAnya mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM kA pUrNataH nirvAha kiyA hai / 11, santoM ne prAya: gadyAtmaka racanAe~ nahIM kI; parantu bhUdharadAsa ne " carcA samAdhAna" nAmaka gadya racanA bhI kI hai| isame jainadharma evaM jainadarzana se sambandhita kucha praznoM ke uttara diye gaye haiM yA carcAoM ke samAdhAna prastuta kiye gaye haiM / 12. sAmAnyataH santoM ne kalApakSa kI upekSA kI hai; jabaki bhUdharasAhitya kA kalA pakSa bhI darzanIya hai / 13. santoM ne mizrita yA sadhukkar3I bhASA ko apanAyA hai; jabaki bhUdharadAsa kI bhASA mUlataH brajabhASA hai, jisameM anya bhASAoM ke zabda bhI pAye jAte haiN| 14. santoM ne jisa sahaja sAdhanA, sahaja samAdhi, yoga sAdhanA, rahasyavAda evaM viraha kA varNana kiyA hai, bhUdharasAhitya meM vaha usa rUpa meM anupalabdha hai / parantu yaha bAta alaga hai ki ina sabake lie mana ko mAranA vaza meM karanA indriyoM ke viSayoM ko chor3anA, dhyAna ekAgra karanA Adi donoM meM samAna rUpa se pAyA jAtA hai| 15. bhUdharadAsa ke anusAra mAyA kuTila bhAva hai; parantu santoM ne use kaI rUpoM meM dekhA aura usake aneka nAma diye| 16. donoM meM karmabandha aura mukti ko samAnarUpa se mAnakara bhI usake sAdhana evaM prakriyA meM bhinnatA dRSTigata hotI hai I

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eka kana 435 17. sAdhu kI vyAkhyA donoM sAhitya meM pRthak pRthak hai / 18. bAhya zuddhi evaM AhAra Adi kA vidhAna donoM meM bhinna- bhinna hai| 19. bhUdharasAhitya meM vezyA kA ullekha kahIM kahIM aura eka nizcita artha meM huA hai; parantu santasAhitya meM kaI jagaha aura bhinna-bhinna arthoM meM huA hai / 20. santa azikSita yA arddhazikSita va nimnavarga ke gRhastha hone ke sAtha-sAtha apanI jAti, kula yA paramparA ke anusAra vyApAra Adi laukika kAryoM meM saMlagna, deza, kAla, paristhitiyoM, anya matoM evaM darzanoM se prabhAvita, bAharI rUpa yA veza-bhUSA meM vibhinnatA yukta the | parantu jaina santa zikSita evaM uccavarga ke mukhyataH sAdhu tathA gauNarUpa se gRhastha vyApArAdi laukika kAryoM yA bhUmikAnusAra hiMsaka kAryoM se nivRtta, anya matoM se aprabhAvita, pUrvaparamparA anusAra jainadharma ke poSaka tathA bAharI vezabhUSA meM samAnatA liye hue the 1 ke uparyukta samAnatAoM aura asamAnatAoM ko dRSTi meM rakhate hue bhUdharasAhitya aura santasAhitya kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana ati mahatvapUrNa hai / jainasAhitya aura santasAhitya' tathA jaina kaviyoM aura santa kaviyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA jA cukA hai| 2 samagra tulanAtmaka niSkarSo se yaha pratiphalita hotA hai ki kabIra Adi santa jainadarzana ke atyanta nikaTa haiN| isIprakAra bhUdharasAhitya aura santasAhitya meM ati samIpatA hai; parantu ve donoM apane Apa meM kucha vaiziSTya bhI rakhate haiM ataH donoM ko eka nahIM mAnA jA sakatA hai| I - 1. jainadarzana aura kabIra : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana jaina sAdhvI DaoN. maMjuzrI, pUnA vizvavidyAlaya kI pI ecaDI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta zodha prabandha, Aditya prakAzana, naI dillI / 2. madhyakAlIna saMta kaviyoM aura jaina dharma kaviyoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana DaoN. maMju varmA, AgarA vizvavidyAlaya dvArA svIkRta zodha prabandha / -

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436 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : aiso zrAvaka ...... aiso zrAvaka kula tuma pAya, vRthA kyoM khovata ho / Teka // kaThina kaThina kara nara bhava pAI, tuma lekho aasaan| dharma bisAri viSaya meM rAco, mAnI na guru kI Ana / // aiso zrAvaka kula. // cakrI eka mataMgaja pAyo, tApara IMdhana ddhoyo| binA viveka, binA mati hI ko, pAya suthA yaga ghAyo / // aiso zrAvaka kula. / kAhU zaTha cintAmaNi pAyo, marama na jAno taay| vAyasa se dekhi udadhi meM phaikyo, phira pIche pachittAya / / // aiso zrAvaka kula. // sAta vyasana, AThoM mada tyAgo, karuNAcitta vicaaro| tIna ratana hirade meM dhAro, AvAgamana nivaaro| ||aiso zrAvaka kula. // 'bhUdharadAsa' kahata bhavijana soM, cetana aba to smhaaro| prabhu kA nAma tarana tArana japi, karma phanda nirvaaro|| // aiso zrAvaka kula. // -- bhUdharadAsa

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 437 upasaMhAra : bhUdharadAsa kA yogadAna bhAratIya saMskRti anAdikAlIna hai| yaha vaidika bauddha evaM jaina dhArAoM meM pravAhamAna hotI huI bhAratIya janajIvana ko sadaiva anuprANita karatI rahI hai| jainadhArA meM pravartamAna jainakaviyoM, lekhakoM aura vicArakoM ne hamezA vizvakalyANa kA hI anucintana kiyA hai| unhoMne jo vicAra, tevajJAna evaM upadeza diyA, vizva kI samasyAoM ke jo samAdhAna prastuta kiye, ve bhAratIya saMskRti kI amUlya thAtI haiN| isI zrRMkhalA meM bhUdharadAsa kA yogadAna bhI ullekhanIya hai / unakA jaina kaviyoM aura vidvAnoM meM apanA viziSTa sthAna hai| bhUdharadAsa 18 vIM zatAbdI ke jainakavi haiN| unhoMne rItikAlIna pariveza se apane Apako sarvathA pRthak rakhakara dhArmika, naitika evaM AdhyAtmika kAvya kA sRjana kiyA aura rItikAlIna zrRMgArI kAvya kI AlocanA kii| kavi bhUdharadAsa AgarA meM khaNDelavAla jaina parivAra meM utpanna hue| ve dhArmika paropakArI, samAjasudhAraka, mRdubhASI evaM sadAcArI the / yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne dharmaprANa jIvanayApana karane kA upadeza diyA tathA vairAgyabhAva evaM munidharma kI bhUri-bhUri prazaMsA kii| vividha tarkoM evaM ullekhoM ke AdhAra para unakA samaya vi. sa. 1756-57 se vi saM. 1822-23 taka 65 varSa tathA samayAMkita racanAoM ke AdhAra para racanAkAla 25 varSa siddha hotA haiM | janma-mRtyusthAna evaM kAryakSetra nirvivAdarUpa se AgarA hI hai| racanAoM meM eka mAtra gadyakRti " carcA samAdhAna" tathA padya meM mahAkAvya " pArzvapurANa" tathA muktaka kAvya meM jainazataka, padasaMgraha evaM aneka phuTakara racanAe~ sammilita haiM; jinakA nAmollekhapUrvaka vistRta varNana kiyA jA cukA hai|' kavi kI racanAoM kA bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa anUThA hai| usameM aneka vizeSatAe~ vidyamAna haiN| una vizeSatAoM meM kucha pramukha vizeSatAe~ haiM - 1. mahAkAvya " pArzvapurANa" ke kathAnaka meM sargabaddhatA, chandabaddhatA, purANasammata, mahAnatA, dharma bhAvanA kI adhikatA, jaina dharma evaM darzana ke pramukha viSayoM va tattvoM ke varNana kI bahulatA Adi hai / 2. caritra - citraNa meM atimAnavIya caritroM meM indra-indrANi, deva-deviyoM kA kathana tathA mAnavIya caritroM ke antargata uttamacaritra ke rUpa meM dhIrodAta 1. prastuta zodha prabandha, adhyAya 4

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438 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa nAyaka pArzvanAtha, madhyama caritra ke rUpa meM aneka rAjapuruSa tathA jaghanya caritra ke rUpa meM kamaTha ke jIva kA varNana / nAyaka pArzvanAtha ke caritra ke mAdhyama se bhakti bhAvanA kI abhivyakti / bhakti bhAvanA ke dvArA dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika bhAvanA kI puSTi, saMsAra zarIra va bhoMgoM se virakti tathA naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA / dhArmika evaM naitika mUlyoM kI sthApanA ke lie dayA, kSamA, maitrI, ahiMsA, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga Adi aneka viSayoM para bala dete hue sArvakAlika, sArvabhaumika evaM sArvajanika AdarzoM kI preraNA / 3. rasa nirUpaNa dvArA rati, vAtsalya, nirveda, krodha, ghRNA Adi sabhI mAnavIya bhAvoM kA varNana tathA zAntarasa ko pramukhatA / 4. prakRticitraNa ke antargata prakRti ke Alambana aura uddIpana ke paramparAgata rUpoM ke alAvA munirAja dvArA bAIsa parISahoM ko sahana karane arthAt una para vijaya prApta karane ke sandarbha meM prakRti yA prAkRtika dRzyoM yA rUpoM kA varNana | sampUrNa bhAvoM, vicAroM, kathyoM yA varNyaviSayoM kI tatkAlIna sAhityika evaM loka pracalita brajabhASA meM abhivyakti / bajabhASA meM saralatA, sahajatA, mAdhurya, lAlitya, saukumArya, kalAtmakatA Adi aneka guNoM kA honA / 6. . loka jIvana ke viziSTa zabdoM, muhAvaroM, lokoktiyoM, upanAmoM Adi ke prayoga dvArA bhASA kI viziSTa samRddhi aneka chandoM, rAga-rAganiyoM evaM zailiyoM kA prayoga, dAla ke rUpa meM dezI saMgIta kA vidhAna, loka saMgIta ke arntagata Teka zailI kI pramukhatA, aneka prakAra ke alaMkAroM kA sahaja prayoga Adi hai / muktaka kAvya meM samAhita jainazataka, padasaMgraha aura aneka phuTakara racanAe~ bhI apanI-apanI bhAvagata evaM kalAgata vizeSatAoM se yukta haiN| jainazataka eka subhASita kRti hai| isameM jainadharma aura usase sambandhita stuti, nIti, upadeza, vairAgya Adi kA sundara varNana haiN| padasaMgraha ke kaI pada jinadeva, jinaguru, jinavANI evaM jinadharma se sambandhita haiM tathA kaI pada AdhyAtmika bhAvoM se yukta haiM / isaprakAra bhUdharadAsa ke samasta pada bhaktiparaka, nItiparaka adhyAtmaparaka, vairAgyapreraka evaM upadezaparaka haiN| | I

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana bhAvapakSa aura kalApakSa kI aneka vizeSatAoM ke sAtha bhUdharadAsa ke dArzanika vicAroM meM jagata (vizva) jIva, ajIva (pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza aura kAla ) Asva bandha ke rUpa meM saMsAra ke kAraNa tattva yA muktimArga ke bAdhaka tattva, saMvara- nirjarA ke rUpa meM saMsAra ke nAzaka yA mokSamArga ke sAdhaka tattva, mokSa ke rUpa meM sAdhyatattva, vastusvarUpAtmaka anekAnta evaM usakA pratipAdaka syAdvAda, nizcayanaya va vyavahAranaya, saptabhaMgI, paMcAstikAya, pradeza evaM unakI sAmarthya, heya - jJeya - upAdeya tattva, punarjanma evaM karmasiddhAnta Adi kA varNana hai| 439 dhArmika vicAroM meM dharma kA sAmAnya svarUpa, samyagdarzana- jJAna- cAritra rUpa dharma kA varNana, samyagdarzana ke kAraNa deva zAstra, guru, bhedavijJAna, AtmAnubhUti Adi kathana, samyagcAritra ke sakala cAritra aura dezacAritra bheda karake sakala cAritra ke antargata munidharma ke rUpa meM pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti, pA~ca indriyajaya, chaha Avazyaka, sAta zeSaguNa, bAraha bhAvanA, dasa dharma, bAIsa parISaha, bAraha tapa, solahakAraNa bhAvanAoM kA vivecana hai| deza cAritra meM aSTa mUlaguNa kA pAlana, saptavyasana kA tyAga gyAraha pratimAoM kA svarUpa evaM bAraha vratoM kA pAlana karane kA vidhAna hai| naitika vicAroM meM sajjana, durjana, kAmI, andhapuruSa, durgatigAmI jIva, kukaviyoM kI nindA, kulIna kI sahaja vinamratA, mahApuruSoM kA anusaraNa pUrvakarmAnusAra phalaprApti, dhairya dhAraNa kA upadeza honahAra - durnivAra, kAla sAmarthya, rAjya aura lakSmI, moha, bhoga evaM tRSNA, deha, saMsAra kA svarUpa, samaya kI bahumUlyatA, manuSya kI avasthAoM kA varNana evaM Atmahita kI preraNA, rAga aura vairAgya kA antara va vairAgya kAmanA, abhimAna niSedha, dhana ke saMbaMdha meM ajJAnI kA cintana, dhanaprApti bhAgyAnusAra, mana kI pavitratA, hiMsA kA niSedha, saptavyasana kA niSedha, miSTa vacana ko preraNA, manarUpI hAthI kA kathana Adi viSayoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhUdharadAsa hindI santoM ke nikaTavartI haiN| ataH hindI santasAhitya ke sabhI sandarbhoM meM bhUdharasAhitya kA samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana karate hue bhUdharasAhitya aura santasAhitya kI samAnatAoM aura asamAnatAoM ke ullekhapUrvaka bhUdharadAsa kA mUlyAkaMna kiyA gayA hai| yaha mUlyAMkana hindI sAhitya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna siddha karatA hai tathA bhUdharadAsa ke yogadAna ko bhI rekhAMkita karatA hai /

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440 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : bhUdharadAsa kA yogadAna aitihAsika dRSTi se bhUdharadAsa kA kAla auraMgajeba, jahA~darazAha, pharukhaziyAra evaM muhammadazAha kA zAsana kAla rahA hai| kavi ne isa samaya jina rAjanaitika, sAmAjika, Arthika, dhArmika evaM sAhityika paristhitiyoM meM rahakara sAhityaracanA kI, ve paristhitiyA~ ati vicitra thiiN| unakA vistRta vivecana pUrva meM ' kiyA hI hai| pUrvavarNita sabhI paristhitiyoM ke sandarbha meM kavi bhUdharadAsa kA hRdaya sAMsArika jIvana aura vyavasthA ke prati anAsakta ho gayA aura vaha pUrNata: naitika va dhArmika bana gyaa| usane tatkAlIna vilAsitA ke viruddha indriyoM ko jItane kI preraNA dii| dharma ke nAma para hone vAle bAhyADambaroM ke viruddha mana, vacana, karma meM sAmanjasya evaM mana kI pavitratA para bala diyaa| sAtha hI saMsAra, zarIra evaM bhogoM kI anityatA, azaraNatA, duHkharUpatA Adi ke dvArA bhautika sukha-samRddhi, mAna-pratiSThA Adi ko asAra batalAte hue mokSa prApti hetu preraNA pradAna kI tathA rItikAlIna pariveza se pUrNata: aprabhAvika rahate hue dhArmika evaM naitika sAhitya kI racanA karake samAja kA ucita mArgadarzana kiyaa| bhUdharadAsa ne sAMsArika moha-mAyA evaM indriya-viSayoM se apane mana ko haTAkara deva-zAstra-guru evaM zuddhAtmatatva meM lagAne tathA sampUrNa vizva ko kalyANa ke patha para agrasita karane kA mahatvapUrNa kArya kiyaa| isa uddezya kI prApti hetu aneka dArzanika, dhArmika evaM naitika vicAroM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| mAnava jIvana ko samatA, sahiSNutA, vizvabandhutA Adi kI ora prerita karane ke lie vyaktigata jIvana meM satya dayA, kSamA, prema Adi ko apanAne kA mahatva pratipAdita kiyaa| Atmazuddhi ke lie kAma-krodha, mada-moha, lobha Adi vikArI bhAvoM ko tyAgane kA upadeza diyaa| tatkAlIna sAmAjika jIvana meM vyApta madyapAna, corI, jaA. AkheTa, vezyAsevana, parastrIgamana, mAMsabhakSaNa Adi sabhI duSpravRttiyoM ke dogha batalAkara unakI kaTu AlocanA kI evaM unheM chor3ane kI preraNA dii| kavi ne jaina siddhAntoM dvArA saMsAra baMdhana se chuTakArA dilAkara mokSamArga ko prazasta kiyA 1, prastuta zodha prabandha adhyAya 2

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 44] tathA vyAvahArika zikSAoM dvArA dharmAcaraNa kA pATha pddh'aayaa| gRhastha jIvana meM dharmAcaraNa hetu devapUjA, gurupAsanA, svAdhyAya, saMyama, tapa aura dAna * ina chaha Avazyaka karmoM kA mahatva pratipAdita kiyA tathA ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, bahmacarya, aparigraha Adi vratoM kA pAlana karane kA Adeza diyaa| - bhUdharadAsa ne apane upadezoM dvArA hamArI saMskRti kI rakSA kI, mAnavIya mUlyoM ko puSTa kiyA, jAti-pA~ti kA bheda miTAyA, svAvalambana kA bhAva jagAkara puruSArtha karane kI preraNA dI tathA vyakti, samAja, rASTra va vizva kI samasta samasyAoM kA samAdhAna prastuta kiyaa| isa dRSTi se bhUgharadAsa kA pradeya sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa hai| isI dRSTi se bhUdharadAsa ne dharma kA aisA sArvajanika, sArvabhaumika evaM sArvakAlika rUpa prastuta kiyA, jo mAMtra saiddhAntika na hokara vyAvahArika bhI hai| usa dharma ko kisI bhI dharma, jAti, varga yA sampradAya kA vyakti AsAnI se apane jIvana meM apanA sakatA hai| cUMki kavi ne apane sAhityasRjana dvArA anubhavAzrita satya ko ujAgara kiyA hai aura anubhava para AdhArita satya kI pratiSThA sabhI jAtiyoM, dharmoM evaM sampradAyoM meM samAna hai| ata: bhUdharasAhitya kisI jAti, dharma yA sampradAya vizeSa kI dharohara nahIM, apitu samagra mAnava samAja kI thAtI hai; jisameM AtmakalyANa ke sAtha vizvakalyANa kI bhAvanA nihita hai| vyaktihita ke sAtha samaSTihita saMlagna hai / bhUdharadAsa ne mAnavatAvAda, samAjavAda aura adhyAtmavAda ke jina viziSTa mUlyoM ko sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai, unase samasta vaira-virodha, kRtrima bhedopabheda evaM viSamatAe~ svata: vinaSTa ho gaI haiM tathA maitrI, ekatA, samAnatA Adi bhAva udita hue haiN| kavi ne sampradAyagata saMkIrNatAoM, samAjagata kurItiyoM evaM bAhyADambaroM ke kore pradarzana se dUra rahakara mAnavamAtra ke lie apane sAhitya kI racanA kI aura adhyAtmapradhAna bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM mahatvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| santoM kI ucca bhAva bhUmi ke stara para pahu~cakara kavi ne sampradAyagata, rUr3higata evaM jAtigata AcAra - vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA ko tyAgakara, sampUrNa mAnava jagata ko divya Adarza ke darzana karAye haiN|' 1. jainazataka chanda 46

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa bhUdharadAsa 'ne samasAmAyika ghora zrRMgArika kAvyaracanA karane vAle kaviyoM kI tIvra AlocanA kI hai| isase hindI sAhitya meM azlIla bhAvoM kA praveza to rukA hI, sAtha hI Ane vAlI pIr3hI ko bhI preraNA prApta huI tathA nArI ke prati svaccha dRSTikoNa vikasita huA / 442 bhUdharadAsa ne apane sAhitya dvArA zramaNa saMskRti kA poSaNa kiyA hai zramaNa saMskRti kA mUlAdhAra "ahiMsA" kI sthApanA karane hetu kavi ne hiMsA ko saba pApoM evaM vyasanoM kA mUla ThaharAyA hai| kavi ne sAmAnya jana jIvana kI hita sAdhanA ke lie isa rahasya kA udghATana kiyA hai| 2 " nizi bhojana bhuMjana kathA" ke mAdhyama se kavi ne jIva hiMsA kI sambhAvanAe~ balatAkara uttama svAsthya kI rakSA hetu samAja ko sahI mArgadarzana diyA hai tathA ahiMsA dharma ko protsAhita bhI kiyA hai| Arogya kI dRSTi se bhI rAtri kI apekSA dina meM bhojana karanA zreyaskara hai| isI taraha " hukkA niSedha caupAI" ke dvArA kavi ne dhUmrapAna kI duSpravRtti ko rokane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| isameM vividha tarkoM ke dvArA dhUmrapAna se hone vAlI hiMsA kA varNana kiyA hai, sAtha hI dhUmrapAna ke anya durguNoM kI ora dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai / prastuta racanA dvArA kavi ne bar3hate hue dhUmrapAna ke roga se samAja kI rakSA kI haiM tathA mAnavajAti ke sudhAra hetu anUThI dena dI haiN| tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ko kevalajJAna kI prApti ho jAne para sAmAjikoM dvArA kucha prazna aura bhagavAna pArzvanAtha dvArA unake uttara prastuta karavAkara kavi ne samAja meM vyApta anIti anyAya, hiMsA, jhUTha, corI vyabhicAra Adi duSkarmoM para aMkuza lagAne kI preraNA dI hai| yadi jIva duSkarmoM se apane Apako nahIM bacA pAyegA to use durgati meM bhayaMkara duHkhoM ko sahanA hogA / isaprakAra bhAratIya saMskRti kI amUlya dharohara ke rUpa meM kavi dvArA sadAcaraNa evaM satkarmoM ko protsAhita kiyA gayA hai; jisase mAnava jIvana unnata evaM sundara bana sakegA / " - bhAratIya saMskRti prArambha se hI loka paraloka svarga, naraka Adi meM AsthA vyakta karatI A rahI hai| isI bhAva-bhUmi kI pratiSThA dvArA kavi ne karma 1. jainazataka chanda 64,65,66 3. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 63 64 tathA 85 se 87 2. jainazataka chanda 50 se 61

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 443 siddhAnta kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai tathA yaha ghoSaNA kI hai ki jo jaisA karma karatA hai, use vaisA hI phala bhoganA par3atA hai|' bhAratIya saMskRti se prerita prANI sadaiva jIvana ke aMtima lakSya mokSa kI prApti ke lie prayatnazIla rahA hai| mokSa kI prApti ke lie bhoga, parigraha, tRSNA Adi kA tyAga ati Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai; kyoMki ina sabameM saccA sukha evaM zAMti kabhI nahIM mila sakatI hai| ataH bharadAsa ne ina sabako chor3akara AtmA pariSkAra karane ke lie saMsArI jIva ko saMbodhA hai / ' bhAratavarSa tyAgiyoM, RSiyoM, muniyoM, tapasviyoM, vicArakoM aura dArzanikoM kA deza hai - aisA saMsAra meM prasiddha hai| yahA~ kA pratyeka sAdhaka saMyama evaM tapa dvArA AtmapariSkAra karanA cAhatA hai| isI dRSTi se bhUdharadAsa ne muni ke lie bAraha bhAvanAe~, bAraha tapa, dasa dharma, bAIsa parISaha, pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, tIna gupti tathA zrAvaka ke lie bAraha vratoM kA vidhAna kiyA hai evaM pratyeka bhAratIya ko Atmonnati kA mArga prazasta kiyA hai / AtmA binA kisI sAdhanAparaka pUrva abhyAsa ke nirAkAra para dhyAna kendrita nahIM kara sakatA hai| isIlie use dhyAna kI ekAgratA hetu kisI mUrta AdhAra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| isI dRSTi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara bhUdharadAsa ne pratimA pUjana kA samarthana kiyaa| sAtha hI use bhAvoM kI zuddhatA kA kAraNa bhI batAyA hai| pratimA pUjana ke viSaya meM tatkAlIna samAja meM pracalita jitanI bhI sambhAvita zaMkAe~ thIM, una sabakA samAdhAna prastuta kara kavi ne samAja kA bar3A upakAra kiyA hai| 3 kavi ne apanI pArzvapurANa nAmaka kRti meM pArzvanAtha ke jIvanavRta ke sAtha-sAtha jaina darzana kA saralIkaraNa, subodha evaM sahaja zailI meM kiyA hai| kavi ke isa prayAsa se na kevala tatkAlIna jaina samAja, apitu jainetara samAja bhI lAbhAnvita huA hai / aise upayogI granthoM ke pArAyaNa se Aja bhI samAja apanA kalyANa kara sakatA hai| 1. jaisI karanI Acarai, teso hI phala hoya / indrAyana kI beli ke Ama na lAge koya ! pArzvapurANa pRSTha 4 * 2. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 60-61, jainazataka chanda 25, bhUdharavilAsa pada 32 3. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 26-27

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mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : samAja meM sadAcaraNa kI pratiSThA ke lie kavi ne pArzvapurANa meM kamaTha dvArA apane choTe bhAI kI, jo putrIsama vivecita kI gaI hai, durAcAra kiye jAne para rAjA dvArA daNDa svarUpa mu~ha kAlAkara deza nikAlA diye jAne kA ullekha kiyA haiM / ' anya kRti meM bhI unhoMne isa kukarma parastrIsevana kI khulakara AlocanA kI hai| isa taraha kavi dvArA samAja meM sadAcAra ko sthApanA kI gaI hai / 444 kavi kI upadeza zailI "aiga kI karanA cAhie" ke bhAva lie hue nahIM hai; apitu paristhitayoM, pariNAmoM Adi kA digdarzana karAkara pAThaka ko svayaM nirNaya karane kI ora prerita karane vAlI hai| yaha kavi kI abhivyaMjanA zailI kI anUThI vizeSatA hai| isaprakAra vicAra abhivyaMjanA kI dRSTi se kavi kI hindI sAhitya ko maulika dena rahI hai| bhAratIya sAhitya ke saMrakSaNa ke sAtha hI sAtha kavi ne apanI prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti kA poSaNa bhI kiyA hai| " vastutaH bhUdharasAhitya kI AsthA usa dhArmika evaM AdhyAtmika unnati yA vikAsa meM hai; jahA~ maiM-tUM jJAtA jJeya, guNa-guNI Adi sabhI bheda tirohita ho jAte haiM aura AtmA atIndriya Ananda yA nirAkula sukha ko prApta karatA hai / nirAkula sukha va saccI AdhyAtmika zAMti prApta karane ke lie bhUdharasAhitya kI upAdeyatA Aja bhI hai aura Age bhI rahegI / bhUdharasAhitya hamArI sAMskRtika dharohara kA sajaga praharI evaM AgAmI pIr3hI kA preraNAstotra hai| usane rItikAlIna viSama paristhitiyoM meM bhI apanA astitva kAyama rakhakara mAnavIya cetanA ko santulita evaM samunnata kiyA hai| isa dRSTi se bhUdharasAhitya kI prAsaMgikatA vartamAna meM bhI hai aura bhautikatA ke viruddha bhaviSya meM bhI rahegI / isaprakAra niSkarSataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhUdharadAsa ne hindI sAhitya ke kramika vikAsa meM paryApta yogadAna diyA tathA use AdhyAtmika, naitika, sAmAjika evaM sAhityika pRSThabhUmi meM pratiSThita karake ajJAnAndhakAra meM bhaTakate prANiyoM ko dizA-nirdeza kara jJAna- Aloka pradAna kiyA hai| 1. pArzvapurANa pRSTha 8 2. jainazataka chanda 57 se 58

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sandarbha sUcI

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446 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa: 1. abhinava itihAsa 2. adhyAtma bhajanagaMgA sandarbha grantha sUcI dInAnAtha zarmA saM. paM. jJAnacaMda jaina 3. apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya kI Adhunika zodha pravRttiyA~ DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina zAstrI 4. aSTa pAhuDa AcArya kundakunda 5. AtmakhyAti TIkA AcArya amRtacanda AksaphorDa hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA / DaoN. smitha 7. iSTopadeza AcArya pUjyapAda 8. inasAyaklopoDiyA,Apha iNDiyana liTarecara jilda 3 sAhitya akAdamI naI dillI 9. iravina dI leTara mugalsa viliyama 10. uttarI bhArata kI santa paramparA parazurAma caturvedI 11. kabIra sAhitya kI parakha parazurAma caturvedI 12. kabIra sAkhI darzana DaoN. ananta 13. kabIra DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI 14. kavivara budhajana vyaktitva evaM kRtitva / DaoN. mUlacanda zAstrI 15. kabIra vijeyandra snAtaka 16. kabIra puSpakumArI 17. kabIra kA rahasyavAda DaoN. rAmakumAra varmA 18. kabIra kAvya kA bhASA zAstrIya adhyayana DaoN. bhagavata prasAda dube 19, kabIra kA sahaja darzana jayabahAdura lAla 20. kabIra kA sAmAjika darzana DaoN. prahalAda maurya 21. kabIra kI bhASA DaoN. mahendra 22. kabIra kI vicAradhArA DaoN. govinda triguNAyata 23. kabIra graMthAvalI saM. zyAmasundara dAsa 24, kabIra graMthAvalI DaoN. pArasanAtha tivArI 25. kabIra graMthAvalI DaoN. bhagavatasvarUpa mizra 26, kabIra graMthAvalI puSpapAla siMha

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 27. kabIra jIvana aura darzana 28. kabIra vANI 29. kabIra sAdhanA aura sAhitya 30. kabIra sAhitya kA adhyayana 31. kabIra sAhitya 32. kabIra sAhitya kI bhUmikA 33. kabIra sAhitya kA cintana sAMskRtika adhyayana 46. gurjara jaina kaviyoM kI hindI sAhitya ko dena 34. kundakunda bhAratI 35. kundakunda prAbhRta saMgraha 36. kArtikeyAnuprekSA 37. kAvyAdarza 38. kAmAyanI kA mahAkAvyatva kAvyAlaMkAra 39. 40. kAvya zAstra 41. kAvyaprakAza 42. kAvya rUpoM ke mUla strota aura unakA kAvyazAstrIya adhyayana DaoN. zakuntalA dube 43. kAvyAlaMkAra rudraTa 44. gujarAta ke santoM kI hindI sAhitya ko dena DaoN. rAmakumAra guptA 45. gurunAnaka aura unakA kAvya DaoN mahIpAlasiMha evaM narendramohana 47. jaina nyAya 48. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa bhAga 1 se 6 49. jaina darzana 50. jainendra siddhAnta koza bhAga 1 se 4 51. jAyasI graMthAvalI kI bhUmikA 52. jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa 53. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa para DaoN. rAmanivAsa caMDaka pannAlAla jaina DaoN. pratApasiMha cauhAna puruSottamalAla zrIvAstava ka. Aryana tripAThI DaoN. rAmaratana bhaTanAgara parazurAma caturvedI saM. paM. pannAlAla sAhityAcArya .saM. paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI 447 svAmI kArtikeya daNDI DaoN. nagendra Amaha satyadeva caudharI AcArya mammaTa DaoN. harIza zuklA paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama vArANasI paM. mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya kSullaka jinendravarNI AcArya rAmacandra zukla paM. paramAnaMda zAstrI

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448 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : vizada prakAza paM. jugala kizora mukhtAra 54. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa nAthUrAma "premI" 55. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa gulAbacanda caudharI jaina dharma aura darzana DaoN. mohanalAla mehatA jaina dharma aura saMskRti kA itihAsa DaoN. bhAgacanda bhAskara 58. jaina dharma kA maulika itihAsa AcArya hastImala jaina nibandha ralAvalI paM. milApacanda ratanalAla kaTAriyA jaina pada vizeSAMka saM. nemicanda jaina 61, ToDaramala : vyaktitva aura kartRtva DA. hukumacanda bhArilla 62. tattvArtha sUtra umAsvAmI yA umAsvAti tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga 1 se 3 DaoN. nemIcanda zAstrI 64. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakA sarvodaya tIrtha DoM, hukamacanda bhArilla 65. dravya saMgraha AcArya nemIcanda 66. devAgama srota (AptamImAMsA) AcArya samantabhadra daulatarAma kAsalIvAla vyaktitva aura kRtitva DaoN. kastUracaMda kAsalIvAla 68. dhavalA TIkA AcArya vIrasena 69. dharmavilAsa dyAnatarAya . 70. niyamasAra AcArya kundakunda 71. nirguNa sampradAya DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla 72. nirguNa sAhitya : sAMskRtika pRSThabhUmi motIsiMha 73. nirguNa bhakti : svarUpa evaM paramparA DaoN. rAjadevasiMha 74, nAtha aura santa sAhitya nAgendra upAdhyAya 75. nATaka samayasAra banArasIdAsa 76. nAthapaMtha aura nirguNa santa kAvya DaoN. komalasiMha solaMkI 77. paMcAstikAya AcArya kundakunda 78. pallava kI bhUmikA sumitrAnandana panta 79. puNyAstrava kathAkoza prazasti paM. daulatarAma kAsalIvAla

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 449 &0. pravacanasAra 81. paMcAdhyAyo 82. paramAtmaprakAza 83. prazastisaMgraha 84, paramAtmaprakAza 85. parIkSAmukha 86. pAzcAtya darzana 87, puruSArthasiddhayupAya 88. prAcIna hindI jaina kavi 89. paricayI 90. pAhur3adohA 91. bhUSaNa graMthAvalI 92. bhagavAna pArzvanAtha 93. bhagavatI sUtra 94, bhakti kAvya meM rahasyavAda 95. bhAratIya samAja aura saMskRti %. bhAratIya sRSTi vidyA 97, bhagavatI arAdhanA 98. bhAratIya samAja aura saMskRti 99. bhAratIya saMskRti kA vikAsa 100. bhArata meM aMgrejI rAjya 101. bhAratIya sAhitya 102. bhAratIya saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jaina vAGmaya kA avadAna khaNDa 1-2 103. bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAhitya 104. bhAratIya dharmoM meM makti vicAra 105. bhAratIya saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya 106, bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna 107, mahAvIra vANI ke Aloka meM hindI kA santa kAvya AcArya kundakunda paM. rAjamalajI yogendudeva DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla sa. DaoN. ena. upAdhyAya AcArya mANikyanaMdi candradhara zarmA AcArya amRtacanda mUlacanda "vatsala" mathurAdAsa muni rAmasiMha bhUSaNa devendra muni muni madhukara DaoN. rAmanArAyaNa pANDeya DaoN. kailAza zarmA DaoN. prakAza AcArya zivakoTi DaoN. kailAza zarmA lUniyA sundaralAla DaoN, nagendra DaoN. nemicanda zAstrI madanamohana zarmA DaoN. ziva muni rAdhArIsiMha dinakara DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina DaoN. pavanakumAra jaina

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450 mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa : 108. madhyayugIna sUphI aura santa kAvya DaoN. muktezvara tivArI 109, mugalakAlIna bhArata DaoN. AzIrvAdIlAla zrIvAstava 110, yoga pravAha DaoN. pItAmbaradatta bar3athvAla 111. yogasAra AcArya yogendu deva 112. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra AcArya samantabhadra 113. rAjasthAna kA jaina sAhitya prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI jayapura 114. rAjendra abhidhAna koza vijayarAjendra sUrIzvara 115. rAjasthAna ke jaina zAstra bhaNDAroM kI graMthasUcI bhAga 1 se 5 . DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 116. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 117. rAmacaritamAnasa mahAkavi tulasIdAsa 118. jinavANI saMgraha saM.paM. pannAlAla bAkalIvAla 119. sarvArthasiddhi AcArya pUjyapAda 120, santa sAhitya kI bhUmikA AcArya parazurAma caturvedI 121, sarvadarzana saMgraha mAdhavAcArya 122 saMskRti aura usakA itihAsa DaoN. satyaketu vidyAlaMkAra 123, saMta sAhitya kI laukika pRSThabhUmi DaoN. omaprakAza zarmA 124. saMta sAhitya ke preraNA srota parazurAma caturvedI 125: saMta sAhitya aura sAdhanA DaoN. bhuvanezvara prasAda mizra 126. samayasAra AcArya kundakunda 127. siddha sAhitya DaoN. dharmavIra bhAratI 128. santa kAvya parazurAma caturvedI 129. santa kavi dariyA : eka anuzIlana DaoN. dharmendra brahmacArI 130. santa kAvya kA loka sAMskRtika adhyayana jIvanalAla zarmA 131. santa kAvya meM parokSa sattA kA svarUpa DaoN. bAbUrAva jozI 132, santa kAvya kA dArzanika vizleSaNa DaoN. manamohana sahagala 133. santaguru ravidAsa DaoN. bI. pI. zarmA 134. santa sAhitya kI rUparekhA AcArya parazurAma caturvedI 135, santoM kI sahaja sAdhanA DaoN. rAjadeva siMha

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana 2 136. santabAnI saMgraha bhAga 1 se 137. santa sudhAsAra prathama khaNDa 138 santamata kA AcAra darzana 139. santamata ke sAdhanA kA svarUpa santarA aura hatya 141 santa sAhitya 142. santa sAhitya 143 santa sAhitya 144 santa sAhitya kA sAmAjika adhyayana 145. santa sAhitya kI laukika pRSThabhUmi 146. santa sAhitya punarmUlyAMkana 147 santoM kA bhaktiyoga 148. sAhitya ke trikoNa 149 santadarzana 150. santa kabIra 151. sabhyatA kI kahAnI 152, sAhitya darpaNa 153. zabda aura artha : santa sAhitya ke sandarbha 154. hindI sAhitya meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna 155. hindI sAhitya kI yuga evaM pravRttiyA~ 156. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa 157. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa 158 hindI jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa 159. hindI jaina sAhitya parizIlana 160. hindI jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa 161. hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi 162. hisTrI oNpha zAhajahA~ 163. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa 164. hindI nATya darpaNa vRtti DaoN. rAjadeva siMha DaoN. rAjadeva siMha naMdakizora rAya DaoN. pratApasiMha cauhAna saM. AcArya nalina vimocana zarmA DaoN. sudarzana majIThiyA zrI bhuvanezvara mizra mAdhava DaoN. premanArAyaNa zukla. DaoN. omaprakAza zarmA 451 DaoN. sAvitrI zukla DaoN. rAjadeva siMha DaoN. rAjadeva siMha DaoN narendra bhAnAvata DaoN. trilokInArAyaNa dIkSita rAmakumAra varmA arjuna deva vizvanAtha meM DaoN. rAjadeva siMha DaoN. sunItA jaina zivakumAra zarmA saM. DaoN. nagendra DaoN. hajArI prasAda dvivedI DaoN. kAmatAprasAda jaina DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI nAthUrAma "premI" DaoN. premasAgara jaina DaoN. benIprasAda DaoN. rAmazaMkara zukla "rasAla" rAmacandra guNacandra

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mahAkavi bhUdhAdAsa: 165. hindI sAhitya DaoN. zyAmasundaradAsa 166. hindI kAvya vimarza bAbU gulAbarAya 167. hindI kAvya ke vikAsa Aloka stambha DaoN. zAntisvarUpa gapta 168. hindI sAhitya kI bhUmikA DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI 169. hindI sAhitya kA AdikAla DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI 170. hindI sAhitya DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI 171. hindI sAhitya para saMskRta sAhitya kA prabhAva DaoN. saranAma siMha 172. hindI sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bhAga 1 se 16 kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA 173. hindI sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa DaoN. rAjabalI pANDeya 174, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa AcArya rAmacandra zukla 175. hindI aura marAThI kA nirguNa santa kAvya DaoN. prabhAkara mAcave 176. hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa AcArya rAmacandra zukla 177. hindI kI nirguNa kAvyadhArA aura usakI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi DaoN. govinda triguNAyata 178. hindI ko marAThI santoM kI dena AcArya vijayamohana zarmA 179, hindI saMta kAvya ke dArzanika srota azaraphI jhA 180, hindI saMta kAvya meM pratIka vidhAna DaoN. devendra Arya 181. hindI saMta kAvya saMgraha gaNezaprasAda dvivedI 182, hindI saMta kAvya saMgraha DaoN. trilokI nArAyaNa 183, hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa DaoN. jagadIzaprasAda zrIvAstava 184. hindI liTarecara DaoN. rAma avadha dvivedI 185. hindI sAhitya dvitIya khaNDa saM. DaoN. dhIrendra varmA 186. hindI sAhitya koza prathama bhAga saM. DaoN dhIrendra varmA 187. hindI muktaka kAvya kA vikAsa jitendranAtha pAThaka 188. bRhad jinavANI saMgraha saM. paM. patrAlAla bAkalIvAla patra-patrikAoM kI sUcI 1. anekAnta traimAsika 2. apabhraMza bhAratI traimAsika jayapura dillI

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eka samAlocanAtmaka adhyayana ahiMsA vANI arhat vacana 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. tIrthaMkara 11. tulasI prajJA 12. pariSada patrikA 13. prekSA dhyAna kalyANa jinavANI jaina siddhAnta bhAskara jaina vidyA jaina saMdeza zodhAMka 16. vIravANI 17. 18. 14. mahAvIra jayantI smArikA 15. vidyA bhAskara vItarAga vijJAna sanmati saMdeza pArzvanAtha vizeSAMka traimAsika santa vizeSAMka svAdhyAya zikSA 19. 20. zodhAdarza mAsika traimAsika pustakAlaya rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya pustakAlaya AgarA vizvavidyAlaya kharagona kharagona kharagona dillI indaura jayapura AgarA jayapura ArA dillI indaura 21. zramaNa 22. hitaiSI 23. hindustAnI 24. hindI anuzIlana 25. bhUmikrAnta sAptAhika zodhopayogI sAmagrI prApti meM sahayogI pranthAlayoM kI sUcI 1. zAsakIya mahAvidyAlaya 2. jilA pustakAlaya 3. prinsa yazavanta pustakAlaya 4. 5. 453 lADanUM paTanA lADanUM jayapura ilAhAbAda jayapura jayapura dillI jayapura lakhanaU vArANasI jayapura ilAhAbAda ilAhAbAda indaura

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indaura mahAkavi bhUSaradAsa : 6. jaina zodha saMsthAna zrImahAvIra jI jaina zodha saMsthAna AgarA 8. zrI digambara jaina zodha saMsthAna bhaTTArakajI kI nasiyA, jayapura zrI digambara jaina mandira, rAmAzAha indaura 10. zrI digambara jaina mandira, zakkara bAjAra indaura 11. zrI digambara kA~ca jaina mandira zrI digambara jaina mandira, hanumAlatAla jabalapura 13. zrI digambara jaina mandira cauka bhopAla 14.. zrI digambara jaina mandira, Adarzanagara jayapura 15. zrI digambara jaina mandira terA jayapura 16. . paM. lUNakaraNa pAMDe jaina mandira jayapura 17. zrI digambara jaina mandira sivAr3a vAkalIvAla jayapura 18. zrI digambara jaina mandira nasiyAjI 19. zrI digambara jaina pannAlAla ailaka sarasvatI bhavana, 20. zrI digambara jaina bar3A mandira, motIkaTarA, / AgarA 21. zrI digambara jaina mandira zAhagaMja, AgarA zrI jaina bar3A mandira, tAjagaMja, AgarA rAjasthAnI prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna zAkhA, bIkAnera 24. zAstra bhaNDAra, nayA mandira dillI 25. Amera zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura 26, RSabhadeva sarasvatI sadana udayapura ajamera byAvara